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 *.webp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 dev.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 train.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/test.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+["Anatomy"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/AnatEM/test.json b/IE-en/NER/AnatEM/test.json
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+{"text": "( a ) Schematic drawing of the magnetic tweezers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DNA molecule is attached at one end to the bottom of the flow cell and at the other end to a magnetic bead .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This molecule can be pulled and twisted using small magnets placed above the flow cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The position of the magnetic bead is measured using an inverted microscope placed beneath the flow cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bead position and thus the end - to - end distance of the DNA molecule is determined using video microscopy and image analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( b ) Extension of a DNA molecule versus the number of turns applied by the magnets for various stretching forces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low force , contraction of the molecule is symmetrical under positive and negative applied turns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At higher force , the molecule ' s extension initially remains constant for positive applied turns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induced torque increases linearly with the number of applied turns , as depicted in the top graph until a buckling transition allows the system to saturate its torsional constraint through the formation of plectonemes .", "entity": [{"entity": "plectonemes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of Trail on the expression of endogenous M2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( A ) Effect of Trail on the level of endogenous M2 protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression level of endogenous M2 protein in HeLa cells was determined using western blot 4 h following Trail ( 250 mug / ml ) treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( B ) Effect of Trail on the endogenous M2 mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression level of endogenous M2 mRNA in HeLa cells was detected using RNase protection assay 4 h following Trail ( 250 mug / ml ) treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( C ) Effect of Trail on the synthesis of endogenous M2 protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HeLa cells were first treated with 250 mug / ml Trail followed by pulse labeling of newly synthesized proteins with [ 35S ] methionine .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M2 protein was then immunoprecipitated and separated by SDS - PAGE for autoradiography as described in Materials and Methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most highly represented gene ontology themes in the neurosphere vs . differentiated cells comparison ( F - G ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurosphere", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Planning for the Future : Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is often believed that casualties from natural disasters are unavoidable , but this belief is false [ 8 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many measures that can reduce morbidity and mortality following large and potentially catastrophic flooding events [ 19 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early warning of impending floods and natural events such as hurricanes allows sufficient time for communities to be evacuated to safe areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Florida experienced one of the worst hurricane seasons on record in 2004 , the number of fatalities was lower than expected because of early warning and evacuation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early warning also provides sufficient time to prepare when evacuation is not possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hurricane George in 1998 caused widespread damage and several fatalities in the Dominican Republic , where residents were not warned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , Cuba and Puerto Rico experienced relatively limited damage and loss of life , because preparations were made in the hours before the storm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disaster preparedness can also be developed for communities that are regularly exposed to flooding disasters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclone shelters built by the Red Cross in Orissa , India , saved many thousands of lives in 1999 when two cyclones struck .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the region of the Americas , the Pan American Health Organization has spent many years promoting and integrating disaster preparedness into building health facilities to ensure that medical services needed to treat victims and maintain ongoing care for patients with chronic conditions will not be disrupted by disasters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent global - scale review of health risks from flooding highlights that in flood - prone areas , disaster preparedness within the health system as a whole is particularly important [ 20 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to infrastructure and early - warning systems , another key element in disaster preparedness is education and raising awareness about disaster risks and response plans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Had there been greater awareness about the risk of tsunamis , perhaps many lives could have been saved in the South Asian disaster in December 2004 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discussion", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among adolescent boys in Chapaevsk , Russia , higher serum levels of sum of dioxin - like compounds and sum of dioxin TEQs were positively associated with increased age , consumption of fish , local meats other than chicken , and inversely with weeks of gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "meats", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The age association was found despite a narrow age range of slightly over two years in our study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not statistically significant , the distance the boy lived from the Khimprom factory at the time of blood draw was inversely associated with serum levels of sum of dioxin - like compounds and sum of dioxin TEQs .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , serum PCBs , specifically PCB 118 , were strongly associated with both sum of dioxin - like compounds and sum of dioxin TEQs .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no association between the distance of the residence from the Khimprom plant during the pregnancy and subsequent serum dioxin levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One potential explanation for the lack of association may include misclassification of distance since the mother was asked to recall a time period more than 14 years prior to the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we would expect that the mother would be able to recall residential history at the time of the birth of their son .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mother ' s self - reported estimates of current residential distance from Khimprom was generally accurate ; twenty - one of twenty - nine mothers correctly categorized their current residential distance from the Khimprom plants based on cross - referencing using GIS mapping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other explanations include that prenatal exposure 14 or more years prior to the current serum sample is not as strong a predictor as are exposures resulting from present residential location .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there was no association of case status ( cryptorchidism or hypospadias ) with dioxin levels , we did not have sufficient power to definitively assess this relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perinatal history ( e . g . weeks of breastfeeding ) was generally not associated with exposure measures in this population ; this may be a function of older age of the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are limited data on the relationship of perinatal factors with organochlorine exposures in this age group so a null finding is of interest given reports that differences in organochlorine levels among breastfed and non - breastfed are generally no longer discernable by early school age [ 24 , 25 ] and , furthermore , that dietary intake after this age contributes significantly to total dioxin intake [ 26 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In prior studies , substantial emphasis has been placed on pre - and early postnatal ( via breastfeeding ) exposures because of particular vulnerability during fetal and early infant development .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exposure risk factors during peri - adolescence , another period of potential developmental vulnerability , has not been studied in - detail , therefore , the identification of exposure risk factors specific to this period will enhance our understanding of this critical period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although data on levels of PCDD / PCDFs in children is limited , our results suggest that the mean total TEQs among Chapaevsk adolescents were higher than most values previously reported in non - occupationally exposed populations of comparable or even older ages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 2 shows a comparison of the mean PCDD / PCDFs TEQ levels in Chapaevsk boys with other populations ( TEQ from dioxin - like PCBs was not included , since some of these studies did not report them ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean TEQs of pooled blood samples from 10 year - old German boys in rural and urban settings was 8 . 2 pg TEQ / g lipid for an urban industrial area , 9 . 0 pg TEQ / g lipid for an industrial area within a rural setting , and 10 . 1 pg TEQ / g lipid for a rural area [ 27 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , the mean TEQ in the Chapevsk boys was 19 . 3 pg TEQ / g lipid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the exception of children described by Wuthe et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 27 ] , subjects in the other studies in Figure 2 were significantly older than the Chapaevsk boys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite age differences , the mean TEQ in Chapaevsk boys was comparable to or even higher than the mean TEQ in older populations from other countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , they were higher than mean TEQs of 18 . 4 pg TEQ / g lipid in adults ( 40 . 6 years old average ) from South Germany [ 27 ] or 16 . 4 pg TEQ / g lipid from 20 year old Japanese women [ 28 ] or pooled samples from randomly selected males and females 18 - 69 years of age from the Spanish city of Mataro [ 29 ] , which were 12 . 5 and 14 . 7 pg TEQ / g lipid respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean levels in adult female ( mean age 41 years ) non - factory workers in the Russian city of Shelekhovo were also lower at 14 . 5 pg TEQ / g lipid [ 30 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean TEQs for the general population ( mean age 44 . 2 years ) in Germany , collected in 1997 - 98 [ 31 ] , and median TEQs for long - term workers of pulp and paper mill and non - workers in the U . S . in 1996 [ 32 ] were similar to levels found in the Chapaevsk boys .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulp", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean levels in the study in Germany were 20 . 71 pg TEQ / g lipid and in the U . S . the median levels were 19 . 1 pg TEQ / g lipid for community residents and 21 . 2 pg TEQ / g lipid for low exposure workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean PCDD / PCDFs TEQ levels in Chapaevsk boys in comparison with other populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although TCDD was largely below the detection limits in this small pilot sample , the two boys with detectable values had high TCDD levels ( 17 . 9 and 21 . 7 pg / g lipid ) , suggesting that exposure for at least some portion of this population is substantially higher than typical of this age group .", "entity": [{"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , in a cohort of adult ( mean age of 58 years ) fishermen from a polluted region of Finland , the mean TCDD concentration was 19 pg / g lipid [ 33 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In adult ( mean age of 53 years ) residents from Calcasieu Parish , Louisiana , which is near a chemical industrial complex , the mean TCDD level was 7 . 6 pg / g lipid [ 34 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only were the dioxin levels in these two children higher than those found in these studies , but the adults in the previous studies were several decades older and therefore would be expected to have higher dioxin body burdens than younger children [ 35 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential explanations for the large number of non - detectable samples for TCDD include the small sample volume and young age of the subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our future studies in this population , we will collect larger volumes of serum for dioxin analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the few studies on dioxin - like compounds in which children were included , Eskenazi and coworkers [ 36 ] evaluated the relationship between serum TCDD concentrations and age at exposure of female residents of Seveso , Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residents near the ICMESA chemical plant in Seveso were exposed to some of the highest known residential levels of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - TCDD as a result of an explosion at the plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Archived serum collected near the time of the accident was used to measure exposures .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residents closest to the plant had a median 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - TCDD level of 272 ppt ( IQR 92 - 883 ppt ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residential proximity to the plant and younger age ( up to 13 years old ) were the strongest predictors of an individual ' s serum 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - TCDD level .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other predictors included being outdoors at the time of explosion and consumption of homegrown food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher levels found in children were most likely a result of increased exposure as a result of activity patterns and a greater proportionate consumption of food , water and air than adults [ 37 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the exposure scenario ( an acute high exposure event ) is different than the chronic low / moderate exposure occurring in Chapaevsk , the results from Seveso suggest that children may be at increased risk for high dioxin exposure from environmental contamination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , although distance from the Khimprom plants was a weak predictor of serum dioxin - like compounds , consumption of local foods ( specifically meat and fish ) , as in the Seveso study , was a strong predictor of sum of dioxin - like compounds and dioxin TEQs .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "meat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding is notable given concerns regarding environmental dioxin contamination in the community and suggests that food may be one of the more , if not most , important routes of environmental contaminant exposure for residents in this setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other settings , contaminated food generally contributes much more substantially to human organochlorine burden than air or soil ( which may be related to residential proximity to pollutant sources ) [ 6 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will investigate this issue in more detail in our ongoing study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figures and Tables", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergen and particle dose - response experiments in BALB / cA and NIH mice Levels of serum OVA - specific IgE ( A , D ) , IgG1 ( B , E ) and IgG2a ( C , F ) on day 26 after injection into one hind footpad of 100 ( open columns ) , 50 ( gray ) or 10 ( black ) mug OVA combined with 100 , 40 , 10 or 0 mug PSP , or buffer ( HBSS ( hatched ) ) , in BALB / cA ( A , B , C ) and NIH ( D , E , F ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "hind footpad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 21 the mice were boostered with the same OVA dose in the footpad .", "entity": [{"entity": "footpad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PSP - control ( \" PSP ctr \" ) group was given 100 mug PSP on day 0 , followed by HBSS injection on day 21 ( diamonds ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values ( arbitrary units , AU ) for individual mice ( circles ) and median values ( columns ) for groups of eight mice are shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dotted lines indicate the lower or higher detection limits for the ELISA assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note different scales for the two strains of mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adjuvant effect of PSP on OVA - specific IgE and IgG2a responses in different strains of mice Levels of serum OVA - specific IgE ( A ) and IgG2a ( B ) on day 26 after injection into one hind footpad of HBSS ( open columns ) , 10 mug OVA ( gray ) , 40 mug PSP ( hatched ) or 10 mug OVA + 40 mug PSP ( black ) in different mouse strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "hind footpad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 21 all mice were boostered with 10 mug OVA in the footpad .", "entity": [{"entity": "footpad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertical straight lines indicate separate experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values ( arbitrary units , AU ) for individual mice ( circles ) and median values ( columns ) for groups of mice are shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dotted lines indicate the lower detection limits for the ELISA assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brackets indicate statistically significant differences between groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All experiments were performed twice with similar results , with eight mice per group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary cellular response in the draining lymph node The primary cellular response in the draining PLN was determined five days after a single injection of HBSS ( open columns ) , 10 mug OVA ( gray ) , 40 mug PSP ( hatched ) or 10 mug OVA + 40 mug PSP ( black ) into both hind footpads of BALB / cA , NIH and C3H / HeN mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "PLN", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total lymph node cell numbers ( A ) and IL - 4 ( B ) , IFN - gamma ( C ) and IL - 10 ( D ) secreted from the PLN cells after ex vivo stimulation with Con A were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "PLN cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values for individual samples ( circles ) and group median values ( columns ) are shown .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dotted lines indicate the lower detection limits for the cytokine ELISA assays , and brackets indicate statistically significant differences between groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stages in the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Illustration : Coatney GR , Collins WE , Warren M , Contacos PG ( 1971 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primate malarias . ( Bethesda ) : U . S . Department of Health , Education and Welfare . )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Images", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIGURE 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIGURE 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supporting Information", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supplementary Information on Genes in the Three Gene Sets", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 219 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Click here for additional data file .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UFW Primers for Gene Set I", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 36 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UFW Primers for Gene Set II", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 44 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UFW Primers for Gene Set III", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 31 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transposable Element - Specific Primers for Additional Screens", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 80 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primers for Intergenic Regions", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 58 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table S7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P Element - Specific Primers for Orientation and Length Determination", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 299 KB PDF )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV - 1 infectivity depends on free cholesterol incorporated into the viral envelope .", "entity": [{"entity": "envelope", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we analyze HIV infectivity in the presence of drugs that stimulate cholesterol efflux .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional File 1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appendix 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indications for liver function tests with no obvious liver disease , and consequent investigations", "entity": [{"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Representative PCR / LDR results for HPTs in fimX , BP0059 , BP0880 , sphB2 , ptxA , and bhuR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raw capillary electrophoresis data for ligation products ( green ) and molecular weight standards ( red ) displayed as if an electrophoretic gel image .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assayed locus is indicated at the top of each panel ; strain and length of its HPT allele are noted above each lane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Representative LDR results are depicted here ; for complete data from all strains see Additional files 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , and 13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BP0880 , BP0059 , fimX , and sphB2 HPTs were screened by uniplex LDR reactions containing only the discriminating oligonucleotide that targets the Tohama I sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ptxA and bhuR HPTs were screened by multiplex reactions that contain all three discriminating oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Letters in teal indicate molecular weight standards as labeled in the corresponding supplementary figures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ligation products ( arrows ) are labeled using the notation described in the legend to Figure 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The open arrowhead indicates a synthesis artifact in the BP0059 common oligonucleotide preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing genomic sequences across related species is a fruitful source of biological insight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional elements such as exons tend to exhibit significant sequence similarity due to purifying selection , whereas regions that are not functional tend to be neutrally evolving and thus less conserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first step in comparing genomic sequences is to align them - - to map the letters of the sequences to each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an alignment is computed , visualization frameworks become essential to enable users to interact with the sequence and conservation data , especially in the context of longer DNA sequences or whole genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visualization frameworks should be easy to understand by a biologist and provide insight into the mutations that a particular genomic locus has undergone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VISTA portal is a comprehensive comparative genomics resource that provides biomedical scientists with a single unified framework to generate and download multiple sequence alignments , visualize the results in the context of existing annotations and analyze comparative results in search for important sequence signals in alignments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VISTA suite of programs has been in development and continued use since 2000 ( 1 - 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was originally developed for the alignment and comparative analysis of long genomic sequences and later was expanded to pair - wise and multiple alignment of vertebrate genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VISTA has popularized the visualization of the level of conservation in the format of a continuous curve based on the conservation in a sliding window .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This concept proved to be extremely successful due to the easy interpretation of the resulting plots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VISTA was built through a close collaboration between computational and biological scientists , resulting in a product that is robust , efficient and powerful , yet simple to use for a person without extensive computer experience , as is illustrated by more than 1000 citations to the various VISTA - associated tools ( according to http : / / scholar . google . com ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last 2 years the VISTA portal has seen many significant improvements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to updating the whole genome alignments , computed using recent assemblies of vertebrate , insect , plant and microbial genomes , we have added significant new functionality and resources to the Genome Browser and other tools , including :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel multiple whole genome alignment algorithm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new server for whole - genome alignment of bacterial genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Base - pair level visualization ability within the VISTA browser .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visual access to the results of the prediction of potential deleteriousness of non - synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ( SNPs ) by the algorithm PolyPhen ( 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel conservation track , Rank - VISTA , to show the statistical significance of conserved regions computed by the Gumby algorithm ( 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole - genome rVISTA , that allows for evaluation of which conserved transcription factor binding sites ( TFBS ) are over - represented in a group of genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miscellaneous Proteins", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from the above - described proteins , several other molecules are also associated with the pathological lesions of AD , and some of these can be regarded as amateur chaperones .", "entity": [{"entity": "pathological lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute phase proteins , such as alpha1 - antichymotrypsin ( ACT ) , alpha2 - macroglobulin ( alpha2M ) , and SAP , are all associated with Abeta deposition [ 129 - 132 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACT is a serine protease inhibitor of the serpin family , and in AD , ACT levels are upregulated , and binding of ACT with Abeta induces Abeta fibrillogenesis [ 133 - 135 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , when ACT is overexpressed in transgenic mice , an increased plaque load in the brains of these mice and impaired spatial learning is observed [ 134 , 135 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "brains", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha2M also binds Abeta , although in contrast to ACT , this binding prevents Abeta fibril formation and fibril - associated neurotoxicity [ 136 , 137 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibril", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "fibril", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha2M promotes the protease - mediated degradation of alpha2M / Abeta complexes and contributes to clearance of Abeta from the brain ( discussed in paragraph 4 ) [ 138 , 139 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glycoprotein SAP belongs to the pentraxin family and is a common component of all known types of amyloid fibrils .", "entity": [{"entity": "amyloid fibrils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAP is upregulated in AD and protects amyloid fibrils from proteolysis in vitro [ 140 , 141 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "amyloid fibrils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAP not only colocalizes with SPs and interacts with aggregated Abeta ; SAP oligomers also bind and activate C1 [ 142 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both C1 and SAP may bind to fibrillar Abeta deposits in vivo and induce microglial activation , as cultured human microglial cells show an increase in cytokine production after co - stimulation of Abeta with C1q and SAP [ 104 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrillar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "microglial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "microglial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations further strengthen the above - noted suggestion that not only Abeta , but also several Abeta - binding proteins , are capable of activating the complement system , and thus , contribute to neuroinflammation in AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , both alpha2M and ACT , in contrast to SAP , can be regarded as amateur chaperones , as they regulate conformational changes of Abeta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue - type plasminogen activator ( tPA ) regulates activation of plasminogen into plasmin and is expressed in various regions of the brain especially in the hippocampus [ 143 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "hippocampus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several reports suggested an important role for tPA in AD , as the tPA system is involved in Abeta turnover [ 144 , 145 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibrillar forms of Abeta stimulate tPA activity in vitro , whereas in AD patients , a reduction of tPA activity is observed in the affected areas [ 144 , 146 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fibrillar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although tPA has no effect on conformational changes of Abeta , it might play a role in the clearance of Abeta from the brain ( paragraph 4 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actin - regulatory protein gelsolin is found both intracellularly and in plasma [ 147 , 148 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellularly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma gelsolin can be considered an amateur chaperone , as it binds Abeta and not only inhibits its Abeta fibrillization but is also capable of degrading preformed Abeta fibrils [ 149 , 150 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "fibrils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , gelsolin inhibits Abeta - mediated neurotoxicity [ 151 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the major gangliosides in the brain is GM1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble Abeta binds GM1 and the formed complexes accelerate Abeta fibrillogenesis by acting as a seed for Abeta [ 152 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of GM1 , Abeta is more neurotoxic than Abeta alone , and cholesterol - rich membranes demonstrate accelerated Abeta binding due to the formation of GM1 clusters [ 153 , 154 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As GM1 is a major component of lipid rafts and recent studies suggest that Abeta accumulation in these lipid rafts is an early event in AD development , GM1 might play an important role in the early steps in AD pathogenesis [ 155 , 156 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipid rafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "lipid rafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , several proteins are associated with Abeta aggregates in the AD brain and contribute to the aggregation of Abeta and should , therefore , be considered as amateur chaperones .", "entity": [{"entity": "AD brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , they might play a role in triggering inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mineralization ( red ) of the aorta is prevented by local ( left ) , but not global ( right ) , Mgp expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basilar papilla", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basilar papilla is found in a recess that opens into the saccular space at one end , and is limited by a thin contact membrane at the other .", "entity": [{"entity": "basilar papilla", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "recess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "saccular space", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "contact membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contact membrane separates the endolymphatic fluid in the papillar recess from the perilymphatic fluid at the round window ( Lewis and Narins 1999 ; Wever 1985 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "contact membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "endolymphatic fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "papillar recess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "perilymphatic fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recess perimeter is roughly oval in shape ; in the bullfrog , Rana catesbeiana , its major axis is approximately 200 mum long , while the minor axis measures approximately 150 mum ( Van Bergeijk 1957 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "recess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the leopard frog , Rana pipiens pipiens , it is of similar size ( personal observation , RLMS & JMS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oval perimeter of the lumen is formed from limbic tissue ; a substance unique to the inner ear , and similar to cartilage ( Wever 1985 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "limbic tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "inner ear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "cartilage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensory epithelium is approximately 100 mum long .", "entity": [{"entity": "sensory epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occupies a curved area that is symmetrical in the major axis of the elliptical lumen .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "elliptical lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains approximately 60 hair cells ( measured in Rana catesbeiana ) , from which the stereovilli protrude into the lumen and connect to the tectorial membrane ( Frishkopf and Flock 1974 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "stereovilli", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "tectorial membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically the orientation of the hair cells , as defined by the direction to which the v - shape of the stereovilli bundle points ( Lewis et al . 1985 ) , is away from the sacculus in Ranidae .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "stereovilli", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "sacculus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tectorial membrane spans the lumen of the papillar recess .", "entity": [{"entity": "tectorial membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "papillar recess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occludes about half the lumen , and consequently takes an approximately semi - circular shape when viewed from the saccular side ( Frishkopf and Flock 1974 ; Wever 1985 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "saccular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The membrane has pores at the surface closest to the epithelium , into which the tips of the hair bundles project ( Lewis and Narins 1999 ) . 4", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "tips", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "hair bundles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotype block structure from one replicate generated by the block method ( ALS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competing interests", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors declare that they have no competing interests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous publications indicate that acupuncture is efficient for the treatment of pelvic girdle pain , PGP , in pregnant women .", "entity": [{"entity": "pelvic girdle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the use of acupuncture for PGP is rare due to insufficient documentation of adverse effects of this treatment in this specific condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present work was to assess adverse effects of acupuncture on the pregnancy , mother , delivery and the fetus / neonate in comparison with women that received stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment or standard treatment alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors ' contributions", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MP prepared the first draft with the assistance of JLdR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other authors reviewed the manuscript , provided further contributions and suggestions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the authors worked collectively to develop the algorithms and methods described in this paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of freeze - thaw effects and CSF pH on tissue RNA integrity", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have long suspected , on the basis of our tissue banking experience , that most of the molecular degradation that occurs in banked tissue is due to repeated freeze - thaw cycles , which occur due to improper handling during dissection for tissue retrieval or due to freezer malfunctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our freezers are currently protected by temperature - sensitive alarms that automatically telephone maintenance and tissue banking personnel when the temperature reaches a certain level .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More protection is preferable , with CO2 tanks for backup cooling the optimum ( but expensive ) approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We plan to systematically investigate the effects of thawing and refreezing on RNA integrity , by deliberately thawing and freezing small samples of brain tissue over varying time intervals and temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "brain tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Printing solution", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several transfection reagents were tested ( data not shown ) , and we found that the X - tremeGENE siRNA transfection reagent ( Roche ) gave good transfection efficiencies both for plasmids and siRNAs , and chose to use this reagent for all transfected cell microarray experiments in the present study .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 189]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [253, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For printing the arrays , one major challenge is to find a good balance between high transfection efficiency and spatially confined spots to avoid cross - contamination between the spots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to optimize the reverse transfection protocol for HEK 293ind - ICER IIgamma cells ( see below ) and X - tremeGENE transfection reagent , we investigated the effect of varying the concentrations of gelatine and sucrose in the printing solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "HEK 293ind - ICER IIgamma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These reagents have been reported to influence both the transfection efficiency and spot integrity ( 6 , 27 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sucrose was observed to be specifically beneficial for obtaining high transfection efficiency when storing the arrays for several weeks before use ( data not shown ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 1A and B show representative images of the observed effects of varying the concentrations of gelatine and sucrose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that the transfection efficiency increased with increasing gelatine concentration ( tested in the range 0 . 01 - 0 . 40 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , an increased disturbance of the spatial definition of the spots was observed with increasing concentrations of gelatine or sucrose ( tested in the range 0 - 100 mM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combined effect of the concentrations of gelatine and sucrose was also observed , as low concentrations of gelatine allowed us to use higher concentrations of sucrose than with higher concentrations of gelatine before cells spread outside the spots .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on several optimizing experiments , we found that 3 microl X - tremeGENE solution per microgram nucleic acid , 25 mM sucrose and 0 . 1 % gelatine in the final printing solution reproducibly gave spatial restricted transfection with high transfection efficiency printing the arrays with both a pipette tip and a hand - held arrayer ( see below ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hand", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [317, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of sucrose and gelatine concentrations on spot integrity and transfection efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( A ) Array printed with pDsRed ( 50 ng / microl ) in a printing solution with different gelatine and sucrose concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning image of the whole array and magnifications of specific spots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( B ) Array printed with pEGFP ( 50 ng / microl ) in a printing solution with 25 mM sucrose and four different concentrations of gelatine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Top : Box plot of the fluorescence intensities in each spot ( n = 32 - 34 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bottom : Scanning image showing squares of seven times five spots for the four gelatine concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From left to right : 0 . 01 , 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 and 0 . 2 % gelatine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA - lipid - gelatine - sucrose solutions were printed manually with a 10 microl pipette tip ( A ) or by MicroCasterTM manual arrayer system ( B ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 1 . 5 ml microcentrifuge tube , plasmid ( 1 microg / microl ) and siRNA were mixed with growth medium without fetal calf serum ( FCS ) , 0 . 5 microl 1 . 5 M sucrose and 3 microl X - tremeGENE per microgram nucleic acid to a final volume of 22 . 5 microl .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "fetal calf serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "FCS", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 15 - 20 min of incubation , 7 . 5 microl 0 . 4 % gelatine ( Type B , G9391 , Sigma ) was added to give 30 microl printing solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gelatine solution was prepared as described by Ziauddin and Sabatini ( 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To achieve sufficient level of expression from the transfected plasmids , 25 - 50 ng / microl pEGFP - N1 or pDsRed - express - N1 and 50 - 75 ng / microl of CRE or NFkappaB reporter plasmids was used .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "plasmids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For siRNA studies , 2 - 30 ng / microl siRNA in the final printing solution was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Candle wicks", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Candles with a lead metal core contribute to lead in the home ( Nriagu and Kim 2000 ; van Alphen 1999 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure occurs both from air and from hand - to - mouth activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to date , no children ' s EBLs traceable to candles have been reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , the CPSC banned candlewicks containing > 0 . 06 % lead ( CPSC 2003 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variables", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study used the following 9 HRQOL questions from the 2004 Rhode Island BRFSS : 1 ) self - rated general health status ; and self - reported number of healthy and unhealthy days in the previous 30 days for 2 ) physical health , 3 ) mental health , 4 ) physical or mental health - related activity limitation , 5 ) pain - related activity limitation , 6 ) sad , blue , or depressed , 7 ) worried , tense , or anxious , 8 ) lack of rest or sleep , and 9 ) lack of energy ( 1 , 2 , 15 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We created 9 dichotomous indicator variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The responses to the self - rated general health status question were dichotomized into \" poor \" ( poor or fair ) health or \" good \" ( good , very good , or excellent ) health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The indicators measured in days were dichotomized at a cutoff value of 14 or more days of poor health in the previous month compared to less than 14 days ( 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We selected the 14 - day minimum period because most of the publications we reviewed that use the BRFSS HRQOL indicators ( outcomes ) use the cutoff of 14 or more days compared to 13 or fewer days ( 3 - 5 , 7 - 11 , 16 , 17 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adopting this precedent ensured comparability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , clinicians and clinical researchers often use this period as a marker for clinical depression and anxiety disorders , and long symptomatic durations are associated with high levels of activity limitation ( 2 , 18 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed definitions of the 9 indicators are available in our previous article ( 1 ) or are accessible through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ' s HRQOL Web site ( 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We chose 12 predictors for the analysis : 5 standard demographic measures ( age , sex , race / Hispanic ethnicity , annual income , and employment status ) ; 4 health conditions ( asthma , diabetes , obesity , and physical disability ) ; and 3 health risk behaviors ( smoking , chronic alcohol use , and no leisure - time physical activity ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These predictors paralleled the results of other studies that have examined relationships between a specific HRQOL indicator and various predictors ( 17 , 19 ) , or that have examined multiple HRQOL indicators in relation to demographics ( 4 , 20 ) , health risks ( 5 , 10 , 21 ) , or specific health conditions ( 6 - 9 , 12 , 22 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We dichotomized some predictors for the analysis ( ie , sex , current smoking , alcohol use , physical activity , asthma , diabetes , obesity , and disability ) , whereas other predictors had multiple categories ( ie , age , race / Hispanic ethnicity , income , and employment status ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The definitions of the 12 predictors are available in our previous article ( 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reference groups chosen for the IRT model were those having the lowest risk for poor or fair general health and usually the lowest risk for the other HRQOL variables as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introduction", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase I clinical trials of new anticancer agents have been commonly conducted using the method of modified Fibonacci [ 1 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In brief , 3 patients are treated at a starting dose which is typically one tenth of the dose that is lethal to 10 % of animals defined in preclinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If none of the 3 patients experiences DLT , then the next 3 patients will be treated at the next higher dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If DLT is observed , additional patients will be treated at the same or lower dose level to determine MTD according to a predetermined schema .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MTD is defined as the highest dose reached for which the incidence of DLT occurs in less than 33 % of the subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , intrapatient dose escalation is not allowed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are several shortcomings associated with the modified - Fibonacci design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has long been recognized that a substantial number of patients are likely to be treated at subtherapeutic doses [ 2 , 3 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is particularly true for drugs with potential anticancer activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the primary purpose of phase I trials is to determine DLT and MTD , the efficacy of the drug may not be evident for certain tumor types as there are only a small number of patients enrolled into the trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the modified - Fibonacci design does not take into account individual variations in therapeutic and toxicologic responses due to genomic polymorphisms [ 4 , 5 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , since there is a limit of 3 subjects allowed for each cohort , a waiting period of up to four weeks is commonly required before enrollment of the next cohort of subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This latter requirement creates anxiety of waiting for eligible patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several alternative phase I designs have been proposed which limit the number of patients accrued at each dose level and accelerate the dose escalation process [ 1 , 6 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has also been an increase in the number of clinical trials that include a component of intrapatient dose escalation although no formal validation with the modified - Fibonacci approach has been reported [ 7 - 9 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have pioneered a population - based design to maximize therapeutic efficacy , to provide preliminary efficacy information and to allow derivation of a pMTD for subsequent phase II trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irinotecan and cisplatin have been shown to have promising efficacy in patients with small - cell lung cancer in phase III trial where irinotecan was given on a weekly schedule [ 10 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "small - cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wished to perform a population - based phase I trial of irinotecan , given every 3 weeks , and carboplatin , a platinated anticancer drug which is generally better tolerated than its cisplatin analog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iris and Ciliary Body", "entity": [{"entity": "Iris", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin is present in mammalian iris - ciliary body complex ( ICB ) at higher concentration that in non - mammalian species [ 5 , 45 , 73 , 129 , 137 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "iris - ciliary body complex", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "ICB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the presence of serotonergic nerves has been demonstrated in studies conducted on the ICB of various species [ 102 , 137 , 138 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerves", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "ICB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental evidence and radioligand analyses have defined the presence at this level of three different types of serotonin receptors [ 10 , 28 , 85 , 136 , 137 ] , i . e . 5 - HT1A , 5 - HT2A / 2C and 5 - HT7 [ 98 ] , one linked to a stimulation of inositol phosphates ( 5 - HT2 subtype ) , while the others two are linked to cAMP activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plausibility of the existence of more than one 5 - HT receptor type in the ciliary body is confirmed by intraocular pressure ( IOP ) experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "ciliary body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "intraocular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical application of serotonin has been reported to both elevate [ 84 ] and lower [ 88 ] IOP in rabbit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large number of reports have shown that serotonin agonists and antagonists can produce increases and decreases in IOP when given orally , topically to the eye or when they are directly injected in the anterior chamber [ 10 , 26 , 34 , 35 , 64 , 75 , 84 , 87 , 88 , 112 , 113 , 126 , 136 , 137 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "orally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "anterior chamber", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rationale for such apparently contradictory results may be due to the different sites of action , i . e . which class of serotonin receptor is activated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , in rabbit the administration of 5 - methyl - urapidil ( a combined 5 - HT1A agonist / alpha1 adrenoreceptor antagonist ) and 8 - OH - DPAT ( 8 - hydroxydypropylaminotetralin , a 5HT1A agonist ) reduces IOP , while the administration of 5 - CT ( 5 - carboxamidotryptamine , a 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT7 agonist ) increases IOP [ 36 , 84 , 99 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chidlow , Le Corre and Osborne [ 28 ] have recently demonstrated that , in section taken through the whole eye and ciliary body , prominent 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT7 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid signals were obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "section", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "ciliary body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These signals were evident in both the pigmented and non - pigmented epithelial cell layers of the pars plicata region of the ciliary processes , but not in the pars plana or in the ciliary musculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "pars plicata", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "ciliary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "pars plana", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 171]}, {"entity": "ciliary musculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - HT1A and 5 - HT7 signals were apparent in the posterior processes but not in the iris processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "iris", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of both receptors in the ciliary body would certainly provide an explanation for the shallow displacement curves observed in [ 3H ] 5 - HT binding studies with the tissue [ 110 ] , since this ligand can be used to label both receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ciliary body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the ciliary epithelium of the pars plicata is responsible for the secretion of aqueous humor , an obvious function for these two receptors would be an involvement in the control of aqueous production and , consequently , of the IOP level .", "entity": [{"entity": "ciliary epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "pars plicata", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "aqueous humor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , the almost identical distribution of the 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT7 messengers ribonucleic acid indicate that the receptors may be co - localized in epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of two serotonin receptors with opposing effects on cAMP in the same cell layer prompts the suggestion that they could act antagonistically .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agonism of 5 - HT1A receptors , negatively coupled to cAMP , reduces IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor , like beta - receptor antagonists which , diminishing the content of cAMP at the postjunctional site , lowers the aqueous humor secretion with a consequent decrease in IOP [ 98 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "aqueous humor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "aqueous humor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [238, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , the administration of 5 - CT induces a rise in IOP , which is partly or entirely caused by an increase in aqueous humor secretion mediated by 5 - HT7 receptors [ 84 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "aqueous humor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other type of serotonin receptor present in the ICB is a 5 - HT2 type .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin stimulates the accumulation of inositol phosphates in the ICB and this effect is partially counteracted by the 5 - HT2 antagonists ketanserin , methysergide and mianserin [ 98 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies with ketanserin have demonstrated that , when orally or topically applied , it lowers IOP in animals , healthy volunteers and in glaucomatous patients [ 26 , 34 , 37 , 64 , 75 , 88 , 113 , 126 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "orally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "glaucomatous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been emphasized that ketanserin also possesses an affinity for alpha1 - adrenoreceptors [ 27 , 36 , 139 ] , and for this reason the effects of ketanserin on IOP may not be entirely caused by its action on 5 - HT2 receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , data from human studies conducted after oral or topical administration of ketanserin , in which were determined the variations of IOP , total outflow facility and pupil diameter , demonstrated that the alpha1 - adrenoreceptor blocking effect exerted by ketanserin should represent a further aspect of its mechanism of action , probably due to a functional sharing of these receptors [ 64 , 87 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "pupil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , already in 1992 Martin and co - workers showed the occurrence of a significant correlation between the content of serotonin in the aqueous humor and IOP in the human eye [ 85 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "aqueous humor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 , Moro and his collaborators found that intravitreal injection of 5 , 6 - dihydroxytryptamine , a serotonergic neurotoxin , causes miosis [ 91 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of 5 - HT7 , but not of 5 - HT1 receptors in the rabbit iris , suggests that this population of serotonergic receptors is involved in the relaxation of the sphincter of the pupil .", "entity": [{"entity": "iris", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "sphincter", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 184]}, {"entity": "pupil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , one of the function correlate to 5 - HT7 receptor activation includes smooth muscle relaxation observed in a variety of isolated tissue preparations , in which elevation of cAMP concentration was also detected [ 3 , 44 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further evidence for the mediation of the relaxant response via the 5 - HT7 receptor is provided by the localization of messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts encoding the 5 - HT7 receptor in many blood vessels [ 67 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This hypothesized mechanism of action is also supported by the fact that various other receptor types , also positively coupled to cAMP , in the iris cause relaxation of the sphincter muscle [ 1 , 28 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "iris", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "sphincter muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luciferase Assay", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Fig .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 10 ng of TORC1 , 5 ng of TORC2 , and 15 ng of PKAalpha expression plasmids were transfected into HEK293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "HEK293 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 , 800 ng of total DNA consisted of 200 ng of the pMLHoxb1ARE luciferase reporter and 100 ng of each expression plasmid .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lacZ reporter was co - transfected to normalize transfection efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3A , the amounts of pENTR T2i shRNA ( TORC2 shRNA ) are given within the panel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3B , 25 , 000 cells per well were plated in 48 - well plates and transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 with the following vectors : 40 ng of pML5xUAS , 40 ng of pGAL - DBD or pGAL - MEIS1A ( 335 - 390 ) , 40 ng of pRSV - PBS or pRSV - PKA , 40 ng of pENTR U6 ( control shRNA ) or pENTR T2i shRNA ( TORC2 shRNA ) , and 100 ng of pRSV - beta - galactosidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 48 h post - transfection , cell lysates were prepared using 100 mul per well of lysis buffer ( 1 % Triton X - 100 , 1 mm dithiothreitol , 92 . 8 mm K2HPO4 , pH 7 . 8 , 9 . 2 mm KH2PO4 , pH 7 . 8 ) and centrifuged for 5 min at 4 degreesC .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lysates", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 20 - mul aliquot of the supernatant was added to 12 . 5 mul of assay buffer ( 20 mm ATP , 40 mm MgCl2 , 0 . 4 m Tris - Cl , pH 7 . 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mixture was immediately quantified for luciferase activity using a Lumat LB 9507 luminometer ( EG & G Berthold ) that dispensed 100 mul per reaction of luciferin solution , which contains 1 mm d - ( - ) - luciferin ( catalogue number 11626353001 , Roche ) and 0 . 1 m Tris - Cl , pH 7 . 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implications for Psychological Models of Interval Timing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several models have been previously applied to interpret data obtained in interval - timing experiments involving gaps ( retention - intervals ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A switch model , assuming that during the gap time fails to accumulate due to the opening of a stimulus - controlled switch , predicts that , irrespective of gap and criterion durations , subjects should use a stop rule [ 14 ] , [ 15 ] , [ 30 ] , [ 31 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the present data indicate that rats flexibly change their behavior with both gap and criterion duration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An instructional - ambiguity model proposing that subjects perceive the gap as an ambiguous , ITI - like event , predicts that manipulations that render the gap similar to the ITI should reset the clock , while manipulations that render the gap dissimilar from the ITI should stop the clock [ 37 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because in our experiment the gap and ITI were identical ( dark ) this hypothesis predicts the use of the same rule ( reset ) at all gap and criteria durations , in contrast to the current data showing the use of different rules for different temporal criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To account for the flexible use of the run / stop / reset rules by rats and pigeons , Cabeza de Vaca et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 38 ] proposed a passive memory - decay model which assumes that subjective time - - stored in WM - - decays passively during the gap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model predicts that the effect of a gap should depend solely on absolute gap duration , but not on criterion duration , as found here ( Fig . 1B - D ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These models can not account for the differential effects of gaps on multiple intervals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to these alternatives , the present resource allocation model assumes that during the gaps resources are re - allocated ( diverted away from timing ) , each clock is unable to maintain its current subjective time in WM , and the response is delayed [ 16 ] , [ 17 ] , [ 27 ] in proportion to the perceived salience of the distracter relative to the times signal [ 34 ] , [ 35 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , the effect of a gap is affected by the contrast in intensity between the gap and the timed signal [ 27 ] , [ 34 ] , [ 39 ] and by the perceptual acuity of the subjects [ 27 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the predictions of this resource re - allocation model are not restricted to retention - intervals ( i . e . , gaps ) , but extend to distracters presented during the continuous presentation of a timed signal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous data were quantitatively accounted for by assuming that during a gap and / or distracter the accumulated time decays at a rate that varies with the relative salience of the distracter to the timed signal [ 25 ] , [ 26 ] , [ 35 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we found that the comparison between the gap and the ( multiple ) timed signal ( s ) extends to the temporal domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations indicate that both the differential effect of the gap on multiple durations , and the gradual hierarchical reset due to increasing gap duration can be quantitatively accounted for assuming that the three clocks have separate resources re - allocated independently during a gap at a rate proportional to the ratio g / Tk between the duration of the gap and each criterion duration ( Fig . 2A : D - Model ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUMMARY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a prospective study carried out to determine the outcome of patients who refuse cystectomy after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle - invasive bladder cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle - invasive bladder cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty - three patients were evaluated between 1995 and 2001 who declined to undergo a planned cystectomy because they achieved a complete clinical response to neoadjuvant cisplatin - based chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herr assessed patient , tumor and treatment features for a median follow - up of 86 months , all patients being followed - up for more than 5 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty patients ( 64 % ) survived , with 54 % of them having an intact functioning bladder .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number and size of invasive tumors were strongly associated with the overall survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most significant treatment variable predicting better survival was complete resection of the invasive tumor on restaging transurethral resection ( TUR ) before starting chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 23 patients ( 36 % ) who subsequently died of disease , 19 ( 30 % ) relapsed with invasive cancer in the bladder .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "bladder", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 90 % of the surviving patients had solitary , small and low - stage invasive tumors completely resected and 83 % survived without relapses in the bladder . [ 1 ]", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "bladder", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COMMENTS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent anterior vaginal wall prolapse can develop in more than 20 % of patients undergoing traditional anterior colporrhaphy .", "entity": [{"entity": "anterior vaginal wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of this high recurrence rate many surgeons have been incorporating synthetic or allograft mesh to augment the repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study there are some shortcomings , including retrospective design , short follow - up for a study spanning almost six years and a lack of validated questionnaires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors report a negative experience with porcine dermis , both in terms of success and extrusion rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "dermis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , others have reported better outcome [ 1 ] which may be due to different follow - up times and outcome measures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from this , biological grafts are also associated with allergic reactions and disease transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is paucity of data regarding prospective randomized trials on the use of these biomaterials prior to their widespread human need which might help in reducing such type of experiences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unless such data are available surgeons should give serious thought prior to embarking on the use of such biological materials . [ 2 ]", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opioid analgesics are generally used to combat the pain associated with cancerous conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancerous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These agents not only inhibit respiratory function and cause constipation , but also induce other significant side effects such as addiction and tolerance , all of which further contribute to a reduced quality of life for cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [222, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in the present study , the effects of electro - acupuncture treatment ( EA ) on mechanical allodynia were examined in a cancer pain mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological samples", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Placental tissues from the first trimester legally induced abortions ( 8 - 12 weeks of gestation ) were obtained from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Broussais , Saint Vincent de Paul and Cochin Hospitals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Placental tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second trimester placental tissues were collected at the time of termination of pregnancy at 15 and 25 weeks of gestation ( in weeks of amenorrhea ) in trisomy 21 - affected pregnancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "placental tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal Down syndrome was diagnosed by karyotyping of amniotic fluid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "amniotic fluid cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The indication of amniocentesis was the maternal age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Term placentas were obtained after elective cesarean section from healthy mothers near term with uncomplicated pregnancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "placentas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With written informed consent of the pregnant woman , the following samples were collected at term : a fragment of the placenta , umbilical cord fetal blood and maternal blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "fragment", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "umbilical cord fetal blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 156]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The placenta biopsy sample was collected at a depth of 1 cm and at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the placenta , with the maternal side facing upward .", "entity": [{"entity": "placenta biopsy sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of these biological samples was approved by local ethical committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Villous cytotrophoblastic cells were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion of chorionic villi from the first trimester , second trimester and term placenta and purified on a discontinuous percoll gradient , as described previously . 47 - 49 These cells were positively stained for cytokeratin 7 at 95 % , indicating the cytotrophoblastic origin of the cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Villous cytotrophoblastic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "chorionic villi", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [252, 257]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [357, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Placental fibroblasts were isolated by prolonged enzymatic digestion from first trimester chorionic villi as in Malassine et al . 50 Fibroblastic cells ( 1 . 25 x 105 cells / mL ) were plated on 35 - mm plastic dishes ( TPP , Switzerland ) and cultured for 48 h , and the culture medium was changed daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Placental fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "chorionic villi", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "Fibroblastic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cultured fibroblasts were characterized using immunocytochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that 98 % of the cells were vimentin positive and also positive for a monoclonal antibody against specific fibroblast antigen ( clone ASO2 , Dianova , Hamburg , Germany ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "fibroblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owing to the limited amount of cells , only DNA was extracted .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we developed a reciprocal system of a full - length HIV packaging cell line and a shortened HI - viral shuttle vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "full - length HIV packaging cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tat - deficient packaging construct is stably integrated in a VSVG - pseudotyped cell line and transactivated by the shuttle vector by expression of TATGFP from a heterologous promoter which also indicates positive cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "VSVG - pseudotyped cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 94]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the HI - viral structure proteins is driven by a natural 5 ' LTR promoter and a 3 ' polyadenylation signal , whereas the envelope expression out of the shuttle vector is achieved by an IRES .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "envelope", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system of two vectors is tightly controllable and bypasses the problem of limited packaging capacity into HIV - 1 virions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percutaneous coronary intervention for the very late stent thrombosis in right coronary artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "right coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A : a balloon angioplasty was performed to treat total occlusion of the stented right coronary artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "right coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B : final coronary angiogram showed good distal flow without residual stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All - cause mortality in RALES and EPHESUS ( adapted from [ 4 ] and [ 5 ] ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean follow - up period is 24 months in RALES and 16 months in EPHESUS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - publication history", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pre - publication history for this paper can be accessed here :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http : / / www . biomedcentral . com / 1471 - 2377 / 9 / 57 / prepub", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic resonance imaging of axial plan with intravenous contrast gadolinium - BOPTA demonstrating a mass adherent to the right ventricular wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "intravenous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "mass", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "right ventricular wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional file 3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primers used in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the primers used for generating PCR products for microinjection and site - direct mutagenesis are listed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a systematic study of patients hospitalized from August 2006 until September 2007 at the Yerevan City and the Republican Dispensaries , the two reference TB hospitals in Armenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following focus group discussions and pilot testing to refine the survey instrument , patient interviews began in the fall of 2006 and were conducted by trained students in the public health program of the American University of Armenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Students received training by the study designer ( SO ) on principles of interview ethics and interviewing processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most patient interviews were conducted at the Republican Dispensary in Abovian Marz , the national TB diagnostic and treatment facility to which all suspected cases throughout the country are referred for diagnostic confirmation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past several years , strong financial support has been provided to Armenia by a number of international organizations , such as the German Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) , the Global Fund to Fight AIDS , Tuberculosis and Malaria , and the Red Cross , which has enabled both microscopic and culture examinations for each TB case to be performed at the National Reference Laboratory located at the Republican TB Dispensary .", "entity": [{"entity": "culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [317, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All culture - confirmed TB cases are admitted as in - patients while undergoing the initial phase of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because all confirmed TB patients in Armenia are referred to one of these dispensaries for treatment , this population represents all known TB cases in the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , all culture - confirmed TB in - patients present at the time of the interviewer visits were eligible for inclusion in the study ( the study group included both new and relapsed patients ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our systematic sample of the inpatient TB population - - in which interviewers visited every hospital room to identify patients willing to participate - - yielded a participation rate of approximately 80 % ( a total of 240 patients ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interviewers collected demographic information and asked each patient to recall when they first began to feel ill , what symptoms they experienced , how long after symptom onset they waited to see a doctor , their reasons for delaying medical evaluation , the type of facility at which they first sought care , the initial diagnosis , if they had been referred for further evaluation , and their adherence to treatment once diagnosed with TB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , 129 of the planned 250 surveys were completed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data collection resumed in the fall of 2007 and a total of 240 interviews were conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summary", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kindt et al . 1 published a report entitled \" Intestinal immune activation in presumed post - infectious functional syspepsia \" in the August issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility in 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparing the signs of inflammation and the degree of hyperplasia of the enterochromaffin cells ( EC ) in duodenal biopsies obtained from patients with presumed post - infectious functional dyspepsia ( PI - FD ) and unspecified - onset functional dyspepsia ( U - FD ) , they showed that PI - FD is associated with persistence of focal T - cell aggregates , decrease in CD4 + cells and increased macrophage counts surrounding the crypts , without any significant differences in the numbers of EC or chromogranin A ( CA ) - positive cells ( mast cells ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "enterochromaffin cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 98]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "duodenal biopsies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "T - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [338, 346]}, {"entity": "CD4 + cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [372, 383]}, {"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [398, 408]}, {"entity": "crypts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [432, 438]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [495, 497]}, {"entity": "chromogranin A ( CA ) - positive cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [501, 539]}, {"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [542, 552]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding may indicate impaired ability of the immune system in these cases to terminate the inflammatory response after an acute insult .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temporary migration module", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A temporary migration census module was conducted in 2002 and 2007 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People who were identified as temporary migrants were entered into the module , and a household respondent answered questions about the migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key areas included the duration of migration , destination , reasons for migration , return pattern , communication pattern , remittances , linked moves and child care arrangements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MOR1K expression and binding pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( A ) The schematic diagram illustrates the exonic composition and relative positions of PCR primers designed to amplify the major MOR1 isoform and the newly identified alternative MOR1K isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative positions of translation initiation start and stop codons are designated by ATG and TGA , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted protein structure of MOR1 and MOR1K isoforms is schematically presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Translation of the MOR1K variant results in a 6TM receptor , truncated at the N - terminus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( B ) Real - time PCR was performed on total RNA samples from the human brain regions known to express MOR1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain regions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primers specific for exons 1 and 2 were used to measure MOR1 and primers specific for exons 13 and exon 2 were used to measure MOR1K [ 32 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GAP3DH was used as a control for cDNA loading and PCR efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( C ) Confocal images of C - terminally MYC - tagged MOR1 or FLAG - tagged MOR1K overexpressed in HEK293 cells and stained with either Anti - MYC - Tag Antibody ( Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate ) or Anti - DYKDDDDK Tag Antibody ( Alexa Fluor 555 conjugate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HEK293 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells transfected with MOR1 showed membrane expression of receptor , while cell transfected with MOR1K express receptor only intracellular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( D ) Confocal images of C - terminally FLAG - tagged MOR1K overexpressed in Be2C cells and stained with either Anti - FLAG M2 Antibody Alexa Fluor Conjugate or fluorescent - labeled naloxone ( FNAL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Be2C cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells transfected with MOR1K showed intracellular retention of FNAL that co - localized with antibody - labeled receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( E ) The binding of naloxone to MOR1K was assessed using flow cytometry to measure FNAL retention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Be2C cells transfected with either MOR1 or MOR1K isoforms showed increased retention of FNAL at concentrations of 0 . 1 and 1 muM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Be2C cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FNAL retention was abolished in the presence of 10 muM unlabelled naloxone ( Nal ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In panel E , data are presented as mean + SEM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* P < 0 . 05 different from controls ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MBH made the pathological diagnosis and was responsible for conception and final approval of the manuscript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MB carried out the literature search and drafted the manuscript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IC carried out the surgical procedure and reviewed the manuscript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RM carried out the surgical procedure , provided clinical details , followed up our patient and obtained her consent to publish this case report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All authors read and approved the final manuscript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breast cancer", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of breast cancer is no higher than in the rest of the population .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tamoxifen should not be used as it may worsen symptoms [ 43 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women need also specific management for treatment of HAE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short term prophylaxis : three options are available : attenuated androgens , tranexamic acid or C1Inh concentrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no specific problem for the use of theses drugs for short course in female patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In case of short term prophylaxis with attenuated androgens , no virilisation has been observed [ 44 , 45 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute attack treatment : there is no specific problem for the use of C1inh concentrate , tranexamic acid , icatibant ; or ecallantide in female patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA extraction and reverse transcription", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total RNA were extracted from cells using either Trizol reagent ( Invitrogen ) or RNeasy kit ( Qiagen ) and treated with DNaseI reagent ( Macherey - Nagel ) for 30 min at room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reverse transcriptions were performed using 1microg total RNA and the High capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit with RNase Inhibitor ( Applied Biosystems ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical results showing significant differences between habitats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Definition of pathogens", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains difficult to determine whether the organisms detected by the DNA Detection Kit are true pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This also applies , although to a much lesser degree , to conventional blood culture analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , detected organisms were considered to be pathogens if the results of culture tests from samples of the suspected infectious sites coincided with the results of DNA Detection Kit or blood culture analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The culture data of sputum , urine , pus and drainage fluid were used to define the pathogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "sputum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "pus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decision as to whether an identified organism was a pathogen was taken based on the decision tree shown in Figure 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , when the same organism was detected by both DNA Detection Kit and blood culture analysis , the detected organism was considered an infectious pathogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If there was a discrepancy between the organism that was detected by SeptiFast analysis and that detected by blood culture analysis , or if an organism was only detected in one of these tests , then other samples taken from the infection site were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this second culture test of the suspected infectious site revealed the presence of the same organism , this organism was considered to be a pathogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the microbial strain was only detected once for a sample , we then checked the second culture results in the suspected infectious sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this result identified the same strain as that identified by SeptiFast analysis then it was decided that this strain was a pathogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , if the strain was still only detected in some of the assays , we next determined if the patient involved suffered from sepsis .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sepsis is defined as SIRS caused by infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The definition of sepsis that we used was based on the International Sepsis Forum Definition of Infection at the ICU Consensus Conference [ 7 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , if the underlying disease is acute lymphoma leukemia ( ALL ) , malignant lymphoma ( ML ) , or acute myelogenous leukemia ( AML ) , the definition of infection is defined as the ability to detect infectious organisms by blood culture analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute lymphoma leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "ALL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "malignant lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 91]}, {"entity": "ML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "acute myelogenous leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [229, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the patient was not defined as having sepsis when whole blood was administered to the patient , we decided that the strain detected by subsequent DNA Detection Kit or blood culture analysis was not a pathogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "whole blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flowchart for pathogen decision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples were defined as negative for pathogens if a pathogen could not be detected by any method of analysis within seven days , and if another type of culture test did not detect this pathogen but could detect other organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CoNS bacteria , which are represented by the Staphylococcus epidermidis ( S . epidermidis ) and Streptococcus spp . are indigenous bacteria and often cause contamination in assays of pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , when CoNS or Streptococcus spp . were detected by blood culture and SeptiFast analysis , the following criteria were applied to define whether these strains represented a pathogenic infection : ( 1 ) Tests were performed at least twice within 48 hours before and after CoNS were detected by blood culture or SeptiFast analysis ; ( 2 ) CoNS or Streptococcus spp . were detected in two different blood culture tests that were separately performed twice within 48 hours ; and , ( 3 ) CoNS or Streptococcus spp . were detected twice or more in tests that were performed three times [ 11 - 15 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "strains", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [303, 308]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [406, 411]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a sample ' s results met any of these three criteria , then the sample was evaluated as a pathogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distinction between pathogen and contamination was also determined for CoNS or Streptococcus spp . from the crossing point ( Cp ) obtained using the LightCycler analysis software v4 . 05 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cp represents the point in the amplification cycle where the amplification curve crosses the detection threshold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When CoNS or Streptococcus spp . were detected using the LightCycler analysis software v4 . 05 , a Cp of less than 20 was defined as indicating a pathogen and a Cp of over 20 was defined as contamination by checking the amplification curve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that surgery plus chemotherapy and radiation therapy is helpful for treating patients with pelvic Ewing ' s sarcoma , particularly in achieving local control .", "entity": [{"entity": "pelvic Ewing ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters ( A2 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "x y z Uiso * / Ueq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C1 0 . 3043 ( 3 ) 0 . 1779 ( 4 ) 0 . 79280 ( 13 ) 0 . 0445 ( 6 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C2 0 . 4358 ( 4 ) 0 . 1697 ( 5 ) 0 . 84058 ( 17 ) 0 . 0604 ( 8 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H2 0 . 4201 0 . 1476 0 . 8809 0 . 072 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C3 0 . 5911 ( 4 ) 0 . 1953 ( 6 ) 0 . 8269 ( 2 ) 0 . 0783 ( 12 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3 0 . 6811 0 . 1914 0 . 8584 0 . 094 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C4 0 . 6130 ( 4 ) 0 . 2267 ( 6 ) 0 . 7670 ( 2 ) 0 . 0773 ( 11 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H4 0 . 7180 0 . 2427 0 . 7582 0 . 093 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C5 0 . 4818 ( 5 ) 0 . 2344 ( 5 ) 0 . 7202 ( 2 ) 0 . 0746 ( 10 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H5 0 . 4980 0 . 2547 0 . 6798 0 . 090 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C6 0 . 3257 ( 4 ) 0 . 2121 ( 4 ) 0 . 73293 ( 15 ) 0 . 0562 ( 7 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H6 0 . 2360 0 . 2200 0 . 7015 0 . 067 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C7 0 . 1252 ( 3 ) 0 . 3838 ( 4 ) 0 . 90059 ( 11 ) 0 . 0400 ( 6 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C8 0 . 2051 ( 4 ) 0 . 5522 ( 4 ) 0 . 90920 ( 13 ) 0 . 0484 ( 6 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H8 0 . 2132 0 . 6288 0 . 8758 0 . 058 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C9 0 . 2725 ( 4 ) 0 . 6041 ( 4 ) 0 . 96827 ( 15 ) 0 . 0558 ( 7 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C10 0 . 2645 ( 4 ) 0 . 4935 ( 4 ) 1 . 01861 ( 14 ) 0 . 0590 ( 8 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H10 0 . 3122 0 . 5293 1 . 0582 0 . 071 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C11 0 . 1830 ( 4 ) 0 . 3278 ( 4 ) 1 . 00819 ( 13 ) 0 . 0534 ( 7 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C12 0 . 1118 ( 3 ) 0 . 2699 ( 4 ) 0 . 95062 ( 12 ) 0 . 0480 ( 6 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H12 0 . 0561 0 . 1577 0 . 9451 0 . 058 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N1 0 . 0494 ( 3 ) 0 . 3297 ( 3 ) 0 . 84009 ( 10 ) 0 . 0441 ( 5 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H1N 0 . 038 ( 4 ) 0 . 418 ( 3 ) 0 . 8138 ( 12 ) 0 . 053 *", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O1 - 0 . 0021 ( 3 ) 0 . 1298 ( 3 ) 0 . 74998 ( 9 ) 0 . 0527 ( 5 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O2 0 . 1112 ( 3 ) - 0 . 0066 ( 3 ) 0 . 85135 ( 10 ) 0 . 0574 ( 6 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cl1 0 . 37237 ( 16 ) 0 . 81541 ( 13 ) 0 . 97944 ( 5 ) 0 . 0927 ( 4 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cl2 0 . 16462 ( 15 ) 0 . 18752 ( 15 ) 1 . 07089 ( 4 ) 0 . 0834 ( 4 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S1 0 . 10584 ( 7 ) 0 . 14095 ( 9 ) 0 . 80800 ( 3 ) 0 . 0412 ( 3 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal data", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C16H20N4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M r = 268 . 36", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monoclinic ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a = 12 . 819 ( 4 ) A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b = 8 . 441 ( 3 ) A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c = 13 . 310 ( 4 ) A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta = 95 . 462 ( 5 ) degrees", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "V = 1433 . 7 ( 8 ) A3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Z = 4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mo Kalpha radiation", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mu = 0 . 08 mm - 1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T = 298 ( 2 ) K", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "0 . 33 x 0 . 28 x 0 . 21 mm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C15H12ClN3O2S2 F ( 000 ) = 752", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr = 365 . 85 Dx = 1 . 507 Mg m - 3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monoclinic , P21 / n Mo Kalpha radiation , lambda = 0 . 71073 A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hall symbol : - P 2yn Cell parameters from 25 reflections", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a = 10 . 175 ( 2 ) A theta = 9 - 12degrees", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b = 8 . 4958 ( 17 ) A micro = 0 . 51 mm - 1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c = 19 . 318 ( 4 ) A T = 293 K", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta = 105 . 01 ( 3 ) degrees Block , yellow", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "V = 1613 . 0 ( 6 ) A3 0 . 25 x 0 . 15 x 0 . 15 mm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results and Discussion", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 4 shows the frequency response of the device before and after plating cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the frequency range measured ( 4 - 600 Hz ) , only two clear peaks can be seen in the bare device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After cells had adhered to the surface , there is a shift in both the resonant frequency and the height of these peaks .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table 1 shows the results for this trial and a second trial where the experiment was repeated to confirm the initial results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a plating density of 1300 cells / mm2 , there were approximately 140 cells on the portion of the cantilever free to vibrate ( dimensions shown in Figure 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table 1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cantilever response data from two trials", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiment # 1 Experiment # 2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freq .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 ( kHz ) Amp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 ( deg ) Freq .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ( kHz ) Amp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ( deg ) Freq .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ( deg )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial 313 . 0 . 086 375 . 5 . 055 313 . 9 . 091 376 . 5 . 071", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With cells 307 . 5 . 031 371 . 0 . 018 308 . 052 370 . 5 . 043", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Change 5 . 5 . 055 4 . 5 . 037 5 . 9 . 039 6 . 0 . 028", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase angle vs . frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( left ) Phase angle of impedance with linear regression line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( right ) To provide an easier comparison , phase angles have been levelled with respect to the linear regression line that passes through each set of data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of cells causes the peaks to shift to lower frequencies and decrease in amplitude .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two peaks shown were the only detectable resonances despite the relatively wide frequency range measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrical detection of resonances is critically compromised by the strong damping imposed by the cell media , making these measurements more challenging than those carried out in air or in a vacuum where resonance peaks show much larger amplitude [ 18 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the desired in vivo application for this work , as a sensor for stent healing , it can be expected that in the course of normal healing the stent will be fully populated with a significantly thicker layer of endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of restenosis , this lining would be even thicker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may hamper any movement of the cantilever and cause the peaks to eventually become undetectable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequent measurements of the resonant frequencies will differentiate this end state with the possibility of device failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The noninvasive nature of these measurements that can be transmitted wirelessly to an external device make this an attractive and low risk option for monitoring healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome sequencing , assembly and validation", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA shotgun libraries with average insert sizes of 1 . 6 and 6 . 5 kb were constructed in pUC118 ( TaKaRa ) , whereas a fosmid library with average insert size of 37 kb was constructed in pCC1FOS ( EPICENTRE ) as described previously . 18 , 19 A total of 50 400 clones ( 34 560 , 10 752 and 5088 clones from libraries with 1 . 6 , 6 . 5 and 37 kb inserts , respectively ) were subjected to sequencing from both ends of the inserts on either ABI 3730xl DNA Analyzer ( Applied Biosystems ) or Base Station DNA Fragment Analyzer BST - 0100 ( MJ Research , Inc . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence reads were trimmed at a threshold quality value of 20 by Phred and assembled by Phrap and CONSED assembly tools . 20 , 21 For alignment and validation of contigs , Optical Mapping ( OpGen ) was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaps between contigs were closed by sequencing PCR products , which bridge two neighboring contigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , each base of K . setae NBRC 14216T genome was ensured to be sequenced from multiple clones and from both directions with Phrap quality score > = 70 or from one direction with Phrap quality score > = 40 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromosomal terminus was determined after attaching adenine and thymine homopolymers to the naked 3 ' ends of the chromosome as described previously . 5", "entity": [{"entity": "Chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation matrix for ear ( E ) traits in 2006 ; data from water stress plots ( lower left ) and well - watered plots ( upper right ) of 350 maize inbreds", "entity": [{"entity": "ear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FUNDING", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "National Institutes of Health grants , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Library of Medicine ( R01 ES014065 and R01 ES014065 - 04S1 to CTD ) ; INBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources ( P20 RR016463 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Funding for open access charge : NIEHS grant ( R01 ES014065 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conflict of interest statement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None declared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tarsoconjunctival flap after division", "entity": [{"entity": "Tarsoconjunctival flap", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MoClo cloning protocol", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restriction - ligations were set up by pipetting in one tube approximately 40 fmol ( ~ 100 ng of DNA for a 4 kb plasmid ) of each DNA component ( PCR product or plasmid ) , 10 U of the required restriction enzyme ( BsaI or BpiI ) and 10 U T4 DNA ligase ( using high concentration ligase , 20 U / microl ) in Promega ligation buffer in a final reaction volume of 20 microl .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "plasmid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction was incubated in a thermocycler for 5 hours at 37degreesC , 5 min at 50degreesC and 10 min at 80degreesC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction mix was then added to 100 microl chemically competent DH10b cells , incubated for 15 - 30 min on ice and transformed by heat shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "DH10b cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "800 microl of liquid LB was then added to the transformation , and the cells were let to recover 45 min at 37degreesC .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different aliquots of the transformation were plated on LB plates containing the appropriate antibiotic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of colonies was counted for one or two selected plates ( containing countable number of colonies ) , or from a section of the plates when very high number of colonies were obtained even for the lowest volume plated .", "entity": [{"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of colonies was then extrapolated for the entire transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For level 2 - 2 cloning , two type IIS enzymes were required , BpiI and BsaI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same protocol was used as described above except that 10 U and 2 . 5 U were used for the enzymes BpiI and BsaI , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To optimize efficiency of the restriction - ligation for the final construct containing 11 transcription units ( cL2 - 13 * ) , a variation of this protocol was used as follows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction mix was set up containing 20 U ligase , 5 U BpiI and 5 U BsaI , in a total reaction volume of 20 microl .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mix was incubated in a thermocycler with the following parameters : incubation for 2 minutes at 37degreesC , 5 minutes at 16degreesC , both steps repeated 45 times , followed by incubation for 5 minutes at 50degreesC and 10 minutes at 80degreesC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction mix was transformed in E . coli chemically competent cells as described above .", "entity": [{"entity": "competent cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observed type I error for datasets simulated under the null hypothesis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA isolation", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All solutions used for DNA isolation are purged with nitrogen ( immediately prior to use ) and supplemented with 50 muM phenyl - tert - butyl nitrone to minimise oxidative damage to DNA [ 31 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qiagen DNAeasy Kit ( # 69506 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "includes : Proteinase K , AW1 , AW2 , AE and Spin - columns", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dithiothreitol ( DTT ; Sigma )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol ( Ajax Finechem # 214 - 2 . 5L )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrogen ( for purging of buffers )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genes related to signal transduction", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 7 , the up - regulated genes related to signal transduction were PDE1A , MYO10 , APOB , and so on , and down - regulated genes were CYTL1 and IL6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 14 , the up - regulated genes were ANGPTL4 , EPHA3 , RASL10B , etc . , and the down - regulated genes were CXCL12 , CCL8 and VLDLR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes up - regulated on both days were LEP , RAC3 , and RASL11B , and those down - regulated both days were MX1 and WISP2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , up - and down - regulated genes PDE1A , APOB , ALCAM , PSCD4 , CYTL1 , and IL6 were more strongly expressed on day 7 than on day 14 , while ANGPTL4 , EPHA3 , RAB12 , CXCL12 , CCL8 , and VLDLR were more strongly expressed on day 14 than on day 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the innate and adaptive immune subsystems are necessary to provide an effective immune response whether to an actual pathogenic agent or to an immunization .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune subsystems", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , effective immunizations must induce long - term stimulation of both the humoral and cell - mediated arms of the adaptive system by the production of effector cells for the current infection and memory cells for future infections with the pathogenic agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "effector cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "memory cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least seven different types of vaccines are currently in use or in development that produce this effective immunity and have contributed greatly to the prevention of infectious disease around the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encoding methods of SOLiDzipper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notes : A ) The quality value in QV files from ABI SOLiD system ranges from - 1 to 40 , which requires 6 bit space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining 2 bit space out of 1 byte can be used for storing another quality value in part .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B ) Csfasta files contain the sequence information in four digits , ' 0123 ' , which require 2 bit space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Provided that ' 0 ' , 1 byte character in csfasta files , is mapped as binary data ' 00 ' , ' 1 ' as ' 01 ' , ' 2 ' as ' 10 ' , ' 3 ' as ' 11 ' , 4 byte data ' 0113 ' can be encoded into 1 byte character 0x17 ( 00010111 ) through shift operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C ) Sequence IDs are extracted from QV and csfasta files , combined , and compressed using the general purpose compression methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D ) Encoded data are stored as data blocks of fixed size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows for selective decoding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intra - operative monitoring of partial pressure of tissue oxygen ( PtiO2 ) is a very sensitive method of detecting the decrease of oxygen for cell utilization , due to decreased blood flow , during temporary clipping and after definitive clipping , in middle cerebral artery incidental unruptured aneurysm surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 184]}, {"entity": "middle cerebral artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [253, 275]}, {"entity": "aneurysm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [298, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Basal values \" , obtained without the influence of subarachnoid blood , were lower than expected in \" uninjured \" brain , and this fact , although unexplained , should be kept in mind in future investigation in this field .", "entity": [{"entity": "subarachnoid blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although values that could be predictive of brain ischemia could not be established , an incomplete recovery or continuous decrease in PtiO2 values after definitive clipping should be considered an indicator of high risk for the development of post - operative brain infarction , and , therefore , an indication for verification of the position of the clip .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [261, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "View of the structure of the title compound along the a axis displaying chains alternating with amine groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( a ) Sequence alignment of PY - NLSs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homologous regions of C - NLS of the EWS protein , NLS of Sam68 and FUS / TLS protein and M9 NLS of hnRNP A1 and hnRNP M , classified as PY - NLS are in yellow boxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylated Y656 of the EWS protein and Y440 of Sam68 are indicated ( in red ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positions of identical residues in SAM68 and EWS C - NLS are indicated in bold and residues with identical charges are underlined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Known positions of the FUS / TLS mutations in ALS are in bold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( b ) Subcellular localization of YFP , the C - terminally tagged EWS - YFP , EWS ( Y656A ) - YFP , EWS ( Y656F ) - YFP , and EWS ( Y656D ) - YFP ( in green ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subcellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclei are shown by DAPI staining ( in blue ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclei", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bars , 15 mum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial ischaemia during DCMR is independently predictive of cardiac events among patients with previous myocardial revascularisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importing citations in different formats using Google Scholar", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subject disposition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from 110 enrolled subjects were eligible for analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The demographics of the study subjects , by site , are recorded in Table 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The population studied was predominantly not HIV infected ( 92 % ) , and by the study entry criteria , their probability of infection was considered to be low .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk categories assigned at the time of study entry were combined into groups for analysis , based on the predisposition for PCP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis groups were as follows : ( i ) HIV / AIDS , ( ii ) lung transplant ( one subject with a dual organ transplant [ lung / kidney ] was included in this category ) , ( iii ) all other organ transplants and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants ( HSCT ) , ( iv ) leukemia , other hematological disorders , and autologous HSCT , ( v ) other solid tumors , and ( vi ) other nonmalignant conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "kidney", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 249]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 288]}, {"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [357, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subject enrollment , disposition , and demographics by sitea", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characteristic Valueb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enrollment", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unique subjects 18 29 22 62", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects entering into primary analysisc 18 22 22 48", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects with repeat visits 0 0 0 16", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No . of samples assayed 18 22 22 70", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gender", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male 7 10 13 29", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female 11 12 9 19", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Race", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caucasian 12 4 0 48", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black 6 13 0 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other ( nonwhite ) 0 5 0 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No data 0 0 22 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean ( range ) age ( yr ) 57 ( 26 - 78 ) 54 ( 21 - 75 ) 52 ( 26 - 74 ) 56 ( 23 - 73 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretest probability of PCP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moderate 0 3 4 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low 18 19 18 48", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sample type", "entity": [{"entity": "Sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BAL 18 20 20 43", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sputum 0 1 1 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Sputum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other LRT 0 1 1 5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At - risk group", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV / AIDS 0 3 6 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lung transplant 8 0 1 31", "entity": [{"entity": "Lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other transplants 1 7 3 0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leukemia 1 1 7 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other solid tumors 2 1 1 7", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other nonmalignant conditions 6 10 4 10", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The testing and enrollment sites for the study were Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx , NY ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland ; and Medizinische Universitat and Landeskrankenhaus Natters , Innsbruck , Austria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Except where otherwise indicated , values are numbers of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects were excluded from analysis if they withdrew consent or if there was inadequate sample left for PCR testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acknowledgments and Funding", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors thank CRB GADIE ( Diane Esquerre ) for BAC clones handling and Brian Smith , Renee Fincham and Kristy Shewbridge for microsatellites genotyping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are grateful to Yann Guiguen for help and precious contribution to fund raising for this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work was made possible by financial support of Genoscope .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We acknowledge Rene Guyomard for his initial contribution in BAC library procurement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microsatellites genotyping was supported by NRI Grant No . 2007 - 35616 - 17875 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal and scanning microscopic images of mammoth ' s and human hair .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taphonomic changes , indicated by arrow - heads and straight white arrow in the confocal image .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacterial - fungal colonies are shown by broken arrows .", "entity": [{"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Red arrow indicates space between cuticle and hair shaft due to shrinkage .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair shaft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive taphonomic changes in YUK are evident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note the preservation of the cuticle in the human hair in contrast to the craters in the cuticles of the mammoth ' s hair .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "hair", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacterial biofilms are a feature of human hair ; mammoth ' s hair was protected from bacterial invasion in permafrost .", "entity": [{"entity": "hair", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "hair", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of male mating success", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to compare whether males ' access to receptive females followed the predictions of the PoA model , we calculated mating success as follows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For all the mating partners a female had during the receptive period of her conceptive cycle , mating success of each mating partner was calculated as the number of mating series a male was involved in divided by the total number of mating series the female was involved in .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall mating success of each male was calculated as the sum of all mating successes calculated for this male as described above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tail flick test", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSLE did not show any difference compared with control , at all the tested doses [ Figure 4 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine showed a significant increase of latency time at 45 , 60 and 75 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of CSLE ( 100 , 200 and 500 mg / kg ) and morphine on the latency response of mice in the tail flick test .", "entity": [{"entity": "tail", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values are presented as the mean + / - SEM ( n = 5 ) * P < 0 . 05 , significant increase from control", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Details of treatment programs A and B in respect to visits to different health care professionals and treatment activities", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genes associated with nonsegmental vitiligo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a , b Radiographs of the left elbow and forearm 5 months after the surgery", "entity": [{"entity": "left elbow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "forearm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two most important factors leading to the development of hypoxia are biological processes that determine the amount of organic matter available to be degraded and physical factors creating stratification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stratification in most areas of the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea is due to seasonal temperature changes , although stratification by occasional inflowing saltier water does occur in some estuaries . ( 14 ) Hypoxia is common in estuaries located in the Danish Straits due to the large load of nutrients sustaining algal production and the strong stratification caused by large differences in surface and bottom water salinity . ( 5 ) Hypoxia in the Swedish and Finnish archipelagos are influenced by phytoplankton growth stimulated by nutrient loads from urban and agricultural sources , but also by restricted water circulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Finnish Archipelago Sea is impacted by drifting algal mats that consume oxygen during their decomposition when they sink to the bottom . ( 15 ) By contrast , hypoxia is rare in the northern Baltic Sea estuaries located in the Bothnian Sea coastal zone where nutrient loads are lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia is uncommon along the eastern shore from Estonia to Poland due to enhanced circulation of water in open areas along the coastline ( Figure 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are very limited data available to examine how far back in time hypoxia has occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key question in this ecosystem affected daily by over 85 million people could be \" Is hypoxia a natural phenomenon ? \" . ( 16 ) The large numbers of enclosed areas , in many cases with shallow sills that restrict the exchange of bottom water and often in combination with large irregular changes in salinity , might mean that hypoxia has always been present in the coastal zone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , sediment laminations from Stockholm Archipelago , an indicator of past hypoxia , ( 17 ) have been shown to be a recent phenomenon with very few areas with laminated sediments prior to 1900 . 17 , 18 The long - term millennial trends in coastal hypoxia remain unknown , although hypoxia has occurred intermittently throughout the last 8000 years in offshore deep waters of the Baltic Sea . ( 10 ) Further sediment studies are necessary , similar to those carried out in the open Baltic Sea , ( 10 ) to ascertain how far back in time hypoxia was observed in the coastal zone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key uncertainties remain including how have the driving forces for hypoxia , e . g . , climate ( 19 ) and nutrient loading , changed through time in the Baltic Sea coastal zone , and do they vary during the same time periods that hypoxia varies in the open waters ? ( 16 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An important consideration in determining the number of ecosystems experiencing hypoxia is the size of the assessment unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We combined numerous monitoring points and sites to form a coherent coastal unit when bottom waters were physically connected to each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This means that assessment units considered hypoxic might occur in the same geographical region and could be in close proximately to each other , if their bottom waters were physically disconnected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Baltic Sea archipelagos have a complex topography with many basins disjoined by shallow sills resulting in many distinct sites , although they are all affected by similar mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , the Stockholm and Finnish archipelagos contributed 21 % of the total assessment units , a relatively large share compared to the total Baltic Sea coastal zone , but > 40 % of the hypoxic sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coastal stretches of the Western Gotland Basin and Gulf of Finland that have a substantial number of hypoxic sites are also archipelagos , which are more prone to hypoxia because of the complex topography , proximity to development , and consequently more sensitive to enhanced nutrient inputs from land .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly only 4 . 0 % of all sites were classified as seasonally hypoxic according to our definition when > 50 % and < 80 % of profiles during the stratified period have oxygen concentrations less than 2 mg L - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A statistically rigorous definition of what constitutes seasonal hypoxia does not currently exist and in fact should be linked to ecological consequences for it to be ecologically relevant and not just connected to absolute concentrations . ( 3 ) Currently coastal marine ecosystems that experience hypoxia for a period of days to months every year are often considered to be seasonally hypoxic , although we have categorized them here as being episodic , because we required the monitoring units to be hypoxic for most of the stratified period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in Limfjorden , Denmark , bottom water oxygen concentrations can vary greatly between weekly samplings ( SI Figure S6 ) , although nearly every year hypoxic conditions are observed somewhere in the Limfjorden .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our statistical estimation is that Limfjorden is episodically hypoxic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diaz and Rosenberg ( 1 ) would classify Limfjorden as periodically hypoxic , although we have found it difficult to create a statistically robust indicator that would classify systems as periodically hypoxic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periodic hypoxia is problematic because it never allows for re - establishment of benthic communities . ( 20 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , there are 416 areas in the world with reported coastal hypoxia with about 30 previously reported sites in the Baltic Sea region , which includes both coastal zone hypoxia and deep water sites in the Baltic Sea . ( 1 ) We have identified an additional 96 sites that have experienced hypoxia , increasing the global total to nearly 500 sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of all the known sites around the world , around 20 % of the sites are found in the Baltic Sea region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most sites experienced episodic hypoxia , which is a precursor to development of seasonal hypoxia . ( 20 ) The large number of sites partially reflects the fact that the Baltic Sea is one of the most data rich regions of the world with no tidal mixing and complex bottom topography creating conditions favorable for hypoxia , although these are only the \" monitored areas \" and many more hypoxic sites probably exist in the Baltic Sea coastal zone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , there was no evidence of hypoxia at 95 stations in estuarine and coastal waters around Ireland due to sufficient tidal mixing . ( 21 ) If such detailed data existed for other coastal regions around the world , it is likely that the number of areas would increase globally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen is an important parameter in water quality assessments since sufficient oxygen is essential to aquatic life and is necessary to support healthy biological communities . ( 3 ) For example , oxygen concentration is a supporting element to the biological quality elements in the European Water Framework Directive , ( 21 ) is one of the ecological objectives in the Helsinki Commission ' s ( HELCOM ) eutrophication assessment of the Baltic Sea , and is included in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive as an effect parameter of eutrophication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accurate data for the concentration of dissolved oxygen are essential for documenting environmental changes in water resources resulting from natural phenomena and human activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports of hypoxia globally are increasing1 , 22 both due to the recognition of the seriousness of hypoxia on ecosystem functioning and as decades - long monitoring records become available in databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How the large number of newly identified hypoxic areas influences nutrient biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem services in the coastal zone in the Baltic Sea is currently unknown , although the functioning of the coastal filter certainly plays an important role in how adjacent marine systems respond to changes in nutrient loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presently about 40 % of the world ' s population lives within 100 km of the coastal zone strongly impacting ocean health , ( 24 ) including increasing the occurrence of hypoxic areas . 1 , 2 What is currently lacking is the link to the driving factors of hypoxia including nutrient enrichment , organic carbon loading and climate change , ( 25 ) and a determination of appropriate nutrient loading targets for guidance to managers to ameliorate the devastating impact of hypoxia . ( 24 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean ( 90 % CI ) slope estimate from the linezolid concentration - R - R interval analysis was - 0 . 0017 ( - 0 . 0022 to - 0 . 0011 ) ms / ng / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This translates to mean ( 90 % CI ) predicted decreases in heart rate of approximately 1 . 5 ( 1 . 0 to 2 . 0 ) and 3 . 0 ( 2 . 1 to 4 . 1 ) beats / min at the mean Cmax following the administration of 600 - and 1 , 200 - mg linezolid doses , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study - specific mean correction factor estimated from baseline data was 0 . 278 , which is slightly less than Fridericia ' s correction ( 0 . 333 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the various correction factors showed that QTcF most appropriately resolves the relationship between the QT interval and the heart rate in the baseline data from the present study .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is evident upon inspection of Fig .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 , since the slope between the QTcF interval and the R - R interval is closest to zero when this correction is applied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fig .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of various heart rate correction factors for the QT interval versus the R - R interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted line in each figure represents the fit from a linear mixed - effect model with R - R interval as a fixed effect and subject - specific random effects for intercept and slope .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results from the concentration - QTcF analysis are graphically depicted in Fig .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean ( 90 % CI ) slope estimate from the linezolid concentration - QTcF analysis was - 0 . 0145 ( - 0 . 0768 to 0 . 0477 ) ms / mug / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the geometric mean Cmax following the infusion of linezolid at 600 mg ( 14 . 9 mug / ml ) and 1 , 200 mg ( 30 . 5 mug / ml ) , the mean ( 90 % CI ) predicted placebo - adjusted changes from the baseline QTcF were - 0 . 217 ( - 1 . 14 to 0 . 710 ) and - 0 . 444 ( - 2 . 34 to 1 . 45 ) ms , respectively , thus confirming a lack of a relationship between linezolid concentrations and QTc interval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QTcF interval versus plasma linezolid concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "primary pancreatic sarcomas are extremely rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary pancreatic sarcomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic sarcomas are more aggressive than other pancreatic neoplasms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pancreatic sarcomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "pancreatic neoplasms", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hip fractures in the aged constitute a major health problem with substantial morbidity [ 1 ] , mortality [ 2 , 3 ] , and , as the ageing population increases , an increasing burden on the health care system [ 4 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fracture risk varies markedly between countries [ 5 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a study by Kanis et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 6 ] , comparing 10 - year probability of hip fracture , all countries except Norway had lower risk than Sweden .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other countries categorized at very high risk ( > 75 % of the risk of Sweden ) were Iceland , Denmark and the US .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of 80 , the estimated probability of sustaining a hip fracture the next 10 years is 8 . 6 % and 17 . 7 % in Norwegian men and women , respectively [ 7 ] , and a report from the Norwegian capital Oslo calculated an overall annual fracture rate of 118 . 0 in women and 44 . 0 in men per 10 , 000 [ 8 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several recent studies are reporting declining fracture incidence [ 9 - 14 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Norwegian hip fracture rates remain the highest reported in the world , data from Oslo in 1996 - 1997 indicated no increasing incidence rates compared to the 1988 - 1989 [ 8 ] . Within Norway , considerable geographic differences have been reported , with substantially lower rates in smaller cities and rural areas compared to Oslo [ 7 , 15 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these are reports based on sporadic studies in few regions and in limited time periods [ 16 , 17 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1985 to 2003 , the Norwegian Institute of Public Health commissioned four Norwegian hospitals , representing 10 % of the population , to run a national injury registry [ 18 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The registry collected a variety of data connected to the actual injury itself and the event leading to the injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the city of Harstad in Northern Norway , the registration continued and has been running for more than 23 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the years of the National Injury Registry , the injury rates in Harstad closely resembled the rates of the national registry [ 18 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With reference to the recent reports suggesting stabilizing hip fracture incidence internationally as well as nationally , and regional differences within Norway , we have used the hip fracture data in the Harstad Injury Registry to :", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Describe age - and sex - specific incidence of hip fractures in Harstad , Northern Norway and make comparison with rates from the Norwegian capital Oslo", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Describe time trends in hip fracture incidence in Harstad from 1994 to 2008", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Describe place of injury and seasonal variations in hip fracture incidence in Harstad", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compare 3 - month , 6 - month , and 1 - year mortality after hip fracture between women and men in Harstad", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( a ) The Tn6087 target site within S . oralis F . MI . 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( b ) The left end and ( c ) right end of Tn6087 are shown in bold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( d ) The joint of the circular intermediate of Tn6087 is shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transposon ' s coupling sequences are shown in bold italics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As can be seen in ( d ) , the coupling sequence at the joint of the circular form is a heteroduplex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breeding of p53 mice with BCCIP conditional knockdown mice", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heterozygous p53 knockout mice [ 36 ] were crossed with LoxPshBCCIP + / + - 4 mouse and EIIaCre + / + mouse respectively to generate p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / - , and p53 + / - ; EIIaCre + / - mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PCR primers used to genotype p53 are : p53ex6F : 5 ' - GTATCCCGAGTATCTGGAAGACAG - 3 ' , p53neoF : 5 ' - GCCTTCTATCGCCTTCTTGACG - 3 ' , p53ex7RN : 5 ' - AAGGATAGGTCGGCGGTTCATGC - 3 ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same PCR primer pairs as described earlier in this report were used for BCCIPshRNA and EIIaCre genotyping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / + mice were obtained by crossing p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / - females with p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / - males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / + or p53 + / - ; LoxPshBCCIP + / - mice were crossed with p53 + / - ; EIIaCre + / - mice respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical traits", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ERK signaling is involved in decreasing BDNF - induced gene activity via Eph receptors", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data provided so far suggest that ephrin - A5 might counteract BDNF - mediated gene expression and growth cone responses via decreasing ERK activity and nuclear localization ( Figs . 2 and 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test this hypothesis more directly , we analyzed whether Eph forward signaling can still suppress BDNF - stimulated IEG induction and growth cone collapse when ERK kinase activity was experimentally raised .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this , ERK activity was elevated by expressing constitutively - active MEK1 ( CA - MEK1 ) , an ERK upstream activator , in cortical neurons ( Fig . S3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortical neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , neurons were subjected to either an ephrin - A5 mediated growth cone collapse assay ( Fig . 5 ) or stimulated with guidance cues for 20 minutes and IEG mRNA levels were quantified via qRT - PCR ( Fig . 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0026089 . g005 Figure 5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutively - active MEK1 blocks ephrin - A5 mediated growth cone collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild - type neurons were electroporated with vectors expressing GFP ( control ; A , C , E ) or expressing a FLAG - tagged constitutively - active MEK1 ( CA - MEK1 ; B , D , F ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurons were treated with ephrin - A5 - Fc for 30 min followed by visualization of GFP ( A , C , E ) or CA - MEK - 1 ( green in B , D , F ) , F - actin and betaIII tubulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( A , B ) Overexpression of CA - MEK1 ( B ) reduces mean neurite length compared to a control GFP - expressing neuron ( A ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "neuron", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( C - F ) A control growth cone without ephrin - A5 application ( C ) typically protrudes multiple filopodia ( arrow ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA - MEK - 1 expressing growth cones ( D ) were indistinguishable from a GFP - expressing growth cone .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note that CA - MEK1 was expressed in a dot - like pattern in the growth cone ( arrowheads in D and F ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon ephrin - A5 application , a control growth cone ( E ) collapsed resulting in only few filopodia .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , a CA - MEK1 expressing growth cone ( F ) was only partially collapsed and many filopodia structures were preserved after ephrin - A5 induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( G ) Quantification of average neurite length .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( H , I ) Quantification of growth cone area ( H ) and filopodia number / growth cone ( I ) in the four conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ephrin - A5 induces a growth cone collapse , resulting in reduced growth cone area and filopodia number in GFP but not CA - MEK1 expressing neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scale - bar ( A , B ) = 10 microm ; ( C - F ) = 2 microm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0026089 . g006 Figure 6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ephrin - A5 suppresses BDNF - induced IEG responses via MAP kinase signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild - type cortical neurons , mock - electroporated ( black bars ) or with a vector expressing constitutively - active MEK1 ( white bars ) , were treated with guidance cues for 20 minutes as depicted , followed by mRNA quantification .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortical neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mock - electroporated neurons , BDNF induced an IEG response of c - fos ( A ) , Egr1 ( B ) , Egr2 ( C ) and Arc ( D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - application of ephrin - A5 and BDNF reduced mRNA levels of all four IEGs in mock - electroporated neurons ( A - D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , expression of constitutively - active MEK1 prevented Eph forward signaling from suppressing BDNF - evoked IEG responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was most evident for the IEGs Egr1 ( B ) and Egr2 ( C ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First of all , we analyzed the impact of CA - MEK1 on neurite outgrowth and ephrin - A5 mediated growth cone responses ( Fig . 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average neurite length of neurons overexpressing CA - MEK1 ( Fig . 5B ) was clearly reduced compared to control GFP expressing neurons ( Fig . 5A ; see quantification in ( G ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth cones of GFP ( C ) and CA - MEK1 expressing neurons were similar and protruded many filopodia ( arrows in Fig . 5C - F ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth cones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA - MEK1 expression in growth cones was confined to individual dot - like structures ( arrowheads in Fig . 5D , F ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ephrin - A5 application on a GFP expressing control growth cone ( Fig . 5E ) resulted in a growth cone collapse as revealed by reduced overall growth cone area and filopodia number ( quantified in Fig . 5H , I ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , in neurons overexpressing CA - MEK1 ( Fig . 5F ) , ephrin - A5 induced only a partial growth cone collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , growth cone area and filopodia number were not reduced ( see Fig . 5H , I ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "filopodia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result suggests that an ephrin - A5 induced signaling cascade targets MAP kinase signaling to exert a full growth cone collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result is in contrast to a recent report [ 46 ] which excluded ERK signaling downstream of an ephrin - A5 mediated growth cone collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth cone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we tested whether ephrin - A5 signaling suppresses ERK kinase signaling also to interfere with BDNF - mediated gene expression ( Fig . 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with previous results ( Fig . 4 ) , in mock - electroporated neurons , ephrin - A5 incubation reduced the BDNF - mediated up - regulation of c - fos ( Fig . 6A ) , Egr1 ( Fig . 6B ) , Egr2 ( Fig . 6C ) and Arc ( Fig . 6D ) mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , in neurons over - expressing CA - MEK1 , ephrin - A5 could not suppress BDNF - induced IEG responses to the same degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly Egr1 ( Fig . 6B ) and Egr2 ( Fig . 6C ) mRNA levels were almost identical when comparing neurons treated with BDNF alone and neurons with BDNF and ephrin - A5 together .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , ephrin - A5 represses gene activity elicited by BDNF at least in part via MAP kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides IEGs , we inspected the influence of both guidance cues on cytoskeletal genes , whose gene products might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics evoked by ephrin - As and / or neurotrophins ( Fig . S4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the filamentous actin ( F - actin ) stabilizing tropomyosins ( Tpm1 and Tpm2 ) , the F - actin cross - linker alpha - actinin 1 ( Actn1 ) and the motor protein dynein light chain 1 ( Dnal1 ) were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "filamentous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mRNA levels of other cytoskeletal genes were not altered by any of the guidance cues ( i . e . cofilin , filamin A , mena , vinculin and smooth muscle actin ; data not shown ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "smooth muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short - term stimulation with guidance cues did not result in major alterations of cytoskeletal mRNA levels except for upregulation of Tpm1 by ephrin - A5 ( Fig . S4A ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 16h of incubation , both tropomyosin genes were induced by BDNF and ephrin - A5 alone and both together ( Fig . S4B , D ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actn1 levels were induced by individual application of ephrin - A5 and BDNF and by co - application of both ( Fig . S4F ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar profile was observed for the dynein light chain ( Fig . S4H ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , cytoskeletal gene expression was modulated by ephrin - A5 and BDNF .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the antagonistic impact on the IEG gene response ( Figs . 4 and 6 ) , ephrin - A5 and BDNF resulted in rather synergistic action on cytoskeletal gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference might be due to short - term ( i . e . 20 minutes ) vs . long - term ( i . e . 16h ) exposure of both guidance cues in the IEG and cytoskeletal gene response , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeast infections cause significant mortality in critically ill and immunocompromised patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , Candida species are the 4th most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in the United States , and Cryptococcus neoformans , the commonest cause of fungal meningitis worldwide [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "bloodstream", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whilst Candida albicans remains the leading pathogenic yeast , infections due to non - C . albicans species such as Candida glabrata , as well as previously rare opportunists such as Trichosporon and Geotrichum species , are increasingly reported [ 1 ] , [ 3 ] - [ 6 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel pathogenic Candida species such as Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis have also been described [ 7 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since many non - C . albicans Candida and non - Candida yeasts are resistant or less susceptible to antifungal agents , rapid accurate species identification is central to timely , effective antifungal therapy [ 3 ] - [ 6 ] , [ 8 ] , [ 9 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional phenotypic - based methods for yeast identification , however , are slow ( 24 - 72 h ) , insensitive and often unable to identify more unusual species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various molecular techniques including real - time PCR , DNA sequence analysis , microarray analysis , and fluorescence in - situ hybridization provide accurate identification [ 10 ] , [ 11 ] but are expensive , require substantial specimen processing time ( hours to a day ) and are not easily implemented as routine techniques in the clinical laboratory .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [232, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matrix - assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI - TOF MS ) has emerged as a powerful and rapid tool for the identification of bacterial and yeast pathogens [ 12 ] - [ 17 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using MALDI - TOF MS , the protein spectral \" fingerprint \" of an isolate is compared to a reference spectral database for identification [ 18 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have reported species identification rates of 92 - 99 % amongst collections of yeasts and yeast - like organisms [ 14 ] - [ 17 ] , [ 19 ] , [ 20 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , taken collectively , the results may not be directly comparable since these studies have used different approaches to assign species - from comparing spectra from test organisms to reference spectra in MALDI - TOF MS databases [ 16 ] , [ 20 ] , to enhancing these databases , and in some instances developing study - specific databases , with \" in - house \" spectral signatures [ 14 ] , [ 15 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There also is a continuing need to extend the repository of reference spectra in MALDI - TOF MS databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore undertook the present study to evaluate the utility of the MALDI Biotyper 2 . 0 Microflex LT spectrometer ( Bruker Daltonik GmbH ; Bremen , Germany ) with its current spectral database in comparison with phenotypic - based methods for the identification of a broad range of yeasts in a diagnostic laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first part of the study comprised testing of reference and clinical strains from our culture collection .", "entity": [{"entity": "strains", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second was a blinded prospective analysis of freshly - collected yeast isolates recovered during routine laboratory work flow ; discrepant results between MALDI TOF MS and phenotypic methods were resolved using sequence analysis of the fungal internal transcribed spacer ( ITS ) regions [ 21 ] , [ 22 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained by preparation of yeasts by extraction of fungal proteins and by direct application of yeast colonies onto the MALDI TOF MS plate were also compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "colonies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classification result .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Mechanisms Mediating the Perinatal Beta - Cell Adaptive Response to Early - Life Stressors", "entity": [{"entity": "Beta - Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired beta - cell mass formation after IUCR or IUPR have come under investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , it has been proposed that IUCR can result in a reduction of the embryonic beta - cell progenitor pool leading to inappropriate postnatal beta - cell formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic beta - cell progenitor pool", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 109]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stanger et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 108 ] demonstrated that selective genetic reduction in the size of PDX - 1 + pancreatic progenitors during the fetal period results in impaired beta - cell formation during the postnatal period with consequent development of glucose intolerance during adulthood .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic progenitors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this , maternal food restriction leads to significant reduction in PDX - 1 + and neurogenin - 3 + pancreatic precursors during embryonic development in rats , diminished postnatal beta - cell formation , and inability to expand beta - cell mass in response to pregnancy [ 47 , 94 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic precursors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [244, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UPI model is also characterized by a permanent decrease in islet PDX - 1 mRNA expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "islet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This decrease has recently been shown to be due to progressive epigenetic silencing of the Pdx1 gene locus secondary to proximal promoter methylation [ 69 , 109 ] , and it may be responsible for the decreased rate of beta - cell replication and inappropriate postnatal beta - cell mass development [ 69 , 110 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [269, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same way of thinking , studies have demonstrated that the maintenance of methylated histone H3 Lys4 by Set7 / 9 , a member of the SET methyltransferase family , is crucial to Pdx1 activity in beta - cell lines [ 111 - 113 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to the hypothesis that Set7 / 9 may represent a novel chromatin - modifying protein that functions in part through its recruitment to target genes by cell - specific transcription factors such as Pdx1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , a role of histone methyl transferases , particularly set7 , has also been demonstrated in the sustained deleterious effects of chronic hyperglycemia on human microvascular endothelial cells [ 114 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such an epigenetic change could potentially be involved in the deleterious effect of high glucose upon the fetal pancreas in the IUED models .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another mechanism proposed to explain reduced beta - cell formation after IUCR is related to prenatal glucocorticoid exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of either dexamethasone or carbenoxolone ( to inhibit 11 beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 ) to normal pregnant rats also causes fetal growth retardation and the adult offspring are hypertensive and hyperglycemic , with hyperactive hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis [ 115 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [256, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal undernutrition significantly increased both fetal and maternal corticosterone concentrations in rats [ 116 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , maternal and / or fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids ( via administration of dexamethasone ) impairs both fetal and postnatal beta - cell formation in rodents and nonhuman primates [ 94 , 117 - 119 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seckl et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 115 ] have shown that fetal corticosterone concentrations are inversely correlated with fetal insulin content and postnatal beta - cell formation in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids can exert a direct effect on the developing fetal pancreas via transcriptional modulation of transcription factors involved in beta - cell formation and differentiation [ 117 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid receptors are present in the pancreas during embryonic development of rodents and humans [ 117 ] , and glucocorticoids can bind to the Pdx1 promoter and thus suppress fetal endocrine cell differentiation [ 117 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "fetal endocrine cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid treatment has been shown to significantly reduce fetal expression of key endocrine transcription factors such as Pdx1 and Pax6 but simultaneously increase expression of transcription factors that regulate development of the exocrine pancreas [ 119 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "endocrine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "exocrine pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [239, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been demonstrated that the UPI or the low - protein IUPR offspring experience increased oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function [ 96 , 120 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mitochondrial dysfunction was not limited to just the beta cell , as mitochondria from both the liver and skeletal muscle exhibit decreased oxidation of pyruvate , subsequently leading to the development of features commonly found in T2D [ 100 , 121 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "beta cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "skeletal muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also exposure to a Western - style diet before and during pregnancy ( an IUEO model ) alters the redox state as early as preimplantation development , leading to mild oxidative stress associated with inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding that administration of antioxidants to the dam reverses oxidative stress and completely prevents the development of glucose intolerance and increased adiposity in the adult offspring suggests that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of adiposity in this case [ 122 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some studies in the low - protein IUPR model have demonstrated that oxidative stress is not limited to just mitochondrial DNA damage , but also to genomic DNA , impacting cell - cycle regulation and gene expression [ 123 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While DNA is being targeted throughout by ROS , there are particular regions that are known to be more sensitive to ROS - mediated damage , for example , telomeres .", "entity": [{"entity": "telomeres", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Telomeres comprise GC - rich repeats and are found at the ends of each chromosome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telomeres", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are known to shorten with each cellular division and , hence , can act as a mitotic clock , registering the number of replicative divisions to have taken place within the cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigations using an IUPR model have indeed reported a decrease in longevity in the offspring [ 123 , 124 ] accompanied by reduction in mitochondrial antioxidant defences [ 96 , 125 ] and telomere length in islets [ 125 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "telomere", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 199]}, {"entity": "islets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic islet development has been shown to be influenced by a number of growth factors including the insulin - like growth factors , IGF - I and IGF - II whose expression in utero is regulated by nutrient and hormone concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pancreatic islet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IUPR modifies expression of both IGF genes in a variety of fetal tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an IUPR rat model with a decreased beta - cell mass and beta - cell replication and an increased rate of beta - cell apoptosis , gene expression for IGF - II but not IGF - I was found reduced in the fetal pancreas [ 126 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "fetal pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a different IUPR model with more severe global food restriction which induced hyperinsulinemia and an increase in beta - cell mass in their fetuses [ 90 ] , the fetal phenotype was unexpectedly associated with an increase in pancreatic IGF - I expression , islet IGF - 1R [ 91 ] , and IRS - 2 [ 92 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "fetuses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "pancreatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [228, 238]}, {"entity": "islet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [260, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the fetal GK / Par rat exposed to mild hyperglycemia during gestation ( a model of IUED ) , data from our group suggest that the beta - cell deficit ( reduced by more than 50 % ) starts as early as fetal age E16 and reflects decreased beta - cell proliferation , a limitation of beta - cell neogenesis from precursors , and increased apoptosis of both beta cells and their precursors [ 86 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 206]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [238, 249]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [282, 293]}, {"entity": "precursors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [310, 320]}, {"entity": "beta cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [355, 365]}, {"entity": "precursors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [376, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , Pdx1 and Neurogenin3 expression were decreased on E18 but normally expressed on E13 [ 86 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defective signalling through the Igf2 / Igf1 - R pathway may represent the primary instrumental anomaly since Igf2 and Igf1 - R protein expressions are already decreased within the GK / Par pancreatic rudiment at E13 , at a time when beta - cell mass ( first wave of beta - cell expansion ) is in fact normal [ 31 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic rudiment", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 209]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [234, 245]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [267, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low levels of pancreatic Igf2 associated with beta - cell mass deficiency are maintained thereafter within the fetal pancreas [ 87 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "beta - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "fetal pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crossbreeding protocols between nondiabetic W and diabetic GK rats showed that , in late gestation ( E18 ) , pancreatic Igf2 protein expression was as low in GKmother / GKfather and Wmother / GKfather crosses as in GKmother / GKfather crosses [ 87 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings rather support the hypothesis that the pancreatic Igf2 anomaly in the GK diabetic model is linked to a genetic determinism .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This view is also consistent with the results of genetic analyses that linked a locus containing the gene encoding Igf2 to diabetes in the GK rat [ 127 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Igf2 gene is subjected to paternal genomic imprinting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , because the Igf2 expression is similarly affected in fetuses , regardless of whether the father is W or GK [ 87 ] , we cannot conclude with a simple change of Igf2 gene imprinting in the GK rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetuses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for reduced BCM in response to inappropriate perinatal nutrition is growing rapidly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the relative contribution of the many intrinsic and extrinsic factors which contribute to the adaptive response of the developing endocrine pancreas is still to be established .", "entity": [{"entity": "endocrine pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Refinement", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R [ F 2 > 2sigma ( F 2 ) ] = 0 . 052", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wR ( F 2 ) = 0 . 132", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S = 1 . 02", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3804 reflections", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "229 parameters", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "67 restraints", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H - atom parameters constrained", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deltarhomax = 0 . 56 e A - 3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deltarhomin = - 0 . 38 e A - 3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary outcomes of this study are smoking abstinence rates post release as well as number of days to first cigarette after release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven day point - prevalence abstinence will be determined by combining self - reported tobacco use over the prior seven days and urine cotinine assays ( below 200 ng / ml versus 200 or above ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants with self - reported abstinence and cotinine levels below the cut - off will be classified as abstinent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants lost to follow - up will be considered non - abstinent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A secondary analysis will examine the effect of length of forced abstinence on quit rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abbreviations", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ARDS : acute respiratory distress syndrome ; CMV : conventional mechanical ventilation ; HFOV : high - frequency oscillation ventilation ; LPS : lipopolysaccharide ; PEEP : positive end - expiratory pressure ; VILI : ventilator - induced lung injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [238, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TxA2 , generated from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase 1 ( COX - 1 ) and Tx synthase , further amplifies platelet activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COX - 1 converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2 , the latter being , in turn , transformed by Tx synthase into TxA2 , a potent amplifier of platelet aggregation with vasoconstrictive properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the site of the atheroma rupture , platelet - released TxA2 leads to downstream micro - vessel contraction and thrombus propagation ( 7 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "atheroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "micro - vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "thrombus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to its role in coagulation , thrombin at extremely low concentrations is one of the major platelet activators ( 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human platelets express two cell surface G - protein - coupled protease - activated receptors ( PARs ) for thrombin : PAR - 1 and PAR - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By binding the hirudin - like extracellular amino terminal domain ( the so - called thrombin receptor ) , thrombin activates platelets and smooth muscle cells , thus promoting platelet pro - coagulant activity , shape change , secretion and release of agonists ( ADP and TxA2 ) , expression of P - selectin , activation of the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin receptor , and aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "smooth muscle cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombin also binds to GpIbalpha on the surface of platelets , thought to act as a co - factor that localizes the enzyme on the platelet surface and accelerates the hydrolysis of PAR - 1 ( 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "platelet surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAR - 1 and P2Y12 cross - react in platelet activation , and Galphaq and Galphai - coupled receptors are involved in this process .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombin - dependent platelet aggregation is mediated in part by secreted ADP , acting on the Galphai - linked ADP receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By blocking Galphaq via PAR - 1 and Gbetai via P2Y12 , combined inhibition of thrombin and P2Y12 receptors leads to a synergistic inhibitory effect on thrombin - induced platelet aggregation ( 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - HT is a vasoconstrictor agent that binds to 5HT - 2A receptors and amplifies the platelet response by stimulating shape change and enhancing platelet recruitment at sites of injury ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may also play a pro - coagulant role by promoting the retention of fibrinogen and thrombospondin on the platelet surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraplatelet 5 - HT stores are implicated in shear - induced platelet aggregation and thrombus propagation ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Intraplatelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "thrombus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied 3 , 574 Canadian children , aged 7 - 8 yr , enrolled in a population - based birth cohort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standardized questionnaires were completed by the children ' s parents , and data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( iii ) HIV testing response rate by educational attainment and gender .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative phage haplotype frequencies in PAO1 samples , ( A ) planktonic , ( B ) biofilm 4 days , ( C ) biofilm 11 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "biofilm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "biofilm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collaxa BPEL Server Screenshot of Collaxa ' s bpelz design tool , building a choreography of GetHAPI and GetUMLS web services", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ac - DEVD - AMC = N - acetyl - Asp - Glu - Val - Asp - 7 - amino - 4 - methylcoumarin ; Ac - DEVD - CHO = N - acetyl - Asp - Glu - Val - Asp - aldehyde ; COX = cyclooxygenase ; Deltapsim = mitochondrial membrane potential ; DAPI = 4 ' , 6 - diamidino - 2 - phenylindole ; DMEM = Dulbecco ' s modified Eagle ' s medium ; ELISA = enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ; FCS = fetal calf serum ; FLS = fibroblast - like synoviocytes ; IL = interleukin ; JC - 1 = 5 , 5 ' , 6 , 6 ' - tetrachloro - 1 , 1 ' , 3 , 3 ' - tetraethylbenzimidazole carbocyanide iodide ; MTT = 3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide ; PBS = phosphate - buffered saline ; PGE2 = prostaglandin E2 ; RA = rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 211]}, {"entity": "FCS", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [366, 369]}, {"entity": "fetal calf serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [372, 388]}, {"entity": "FLS", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [391, 394]}, {"entity": "fibroblast - like synoviocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [397, 427]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FR initiated and designed the research , collected and analyzed the data and wrote the paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FO was the main supervisor , helped in analysis , and revised and edited the drafts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MN was co - supervisor and revised the drafts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial addition of siderophores and HSLs may be a possible method to aid in the identification and isolation of marine bacterial species which are thought to be unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positron emission tomography in a case of intracranial hemangiopericytoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracranial hemangiopericytoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the low prevalence of hemangiopericytomas ( HPCs ) , data on the biophysiological characteristics of this tumor are rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemangiopericytomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "HPCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positron emission tomography ( PET ) demonstrated a sixfold increased uptake of [ 11C ] methionine and hyperperfusion in the HPC , whereas glucose utilization was decreased in this area .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This low glucose utilization is in contrast to the high [ 11C ] methionine uptake and the malignancy of these tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristics of HPCs in PET described herein for the first time offer additional diagnostic criteria and may help especially to differentiate these tumors from meningiomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "meningiomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyrotropin receptor : a role for thyroid tumourigenesis ?", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human thyroid tumours represent an example of the interplay of genetic and non genetic carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , genetic abnormalities in the elements of the Thyrotropin receptor ( TSH - R ) dependent cAMP regulatory cascade have been found to be involved both in benign and malignant thyroid tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "benign", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 168]}, {"entity": "malignant thyroid tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of activating mutations has been demonstrated in the TSH - R gene as well as in the Gs alpha protein gene in thyroid toxic adenoma resulting in the constitutive activation of the cAMP pathway and it has been hypothesised that these genetic alterations may play a causative role in the disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid toxic adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , recent observations suggest more caution in accepting such a hypothesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of activating TSH - R mutations has also been demonstrated in differentiated thyroid carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , the percentage of such a modification is low , unless referred to selected series of tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activating mutations of the TSH - R gene have been detected in a group of differentiated carcinomas with high basal adenylyl cyclase activity , and in a few cases of hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "thyroid carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the role of the TSH - R - related cAMP pathway alterations in thyroid transformation remains to be elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , the role of TSH - R gene alterations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasia is examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "benign", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "malignant thyroid neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Histopathologic examination of rectal carcinoma ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "rectal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with rectal carcinoma , the histopathological evaluation of the surgical specimen provides pivotal prognostic and therapeutic information .", "entity": [{"entity": "rectal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "surgical specimen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important parameters are tumor site , depth of invasion , histological type and grade , pattern of invasion ( diffusely infiltrating versus expanding margin ) , degree of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration , and tumor involvement of surgical margins and lymph nodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor site ,", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "peritumoral lymphocytic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 194]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "surgical margins", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [235, 251]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [256, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the circumferential ( deep , lateral ) margin is of utmost importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "circumferential ( deep , lateral ) margin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should be labeled with ink in the gross specimen and should be examined histologically using several tissue blocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "gross specimen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of lymph node metastases and the total number of lymph nodes examined should be reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A histological evaluation of the distal mesorectum in its entirety is recommended to detect discontinuous distal mesorectal tumor spread .", "entity": [{"entity": "distal mesorectum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "distal mesorectal tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The histopathological findings should be summarized using the TNM - classification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooccurrence of reduced expression of alpha - catenin and overexpression of p53 is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Even though the pathological background contributes to lymph node metastasis , the biological characteristics of tumors have also gained wide attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the expression of the cadherin - catenin complex and p53 was studied in early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their correlation with lymph node metastasis and the predictability of lymph node metastases , by combining these factors , were also discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : One hundred and one specimens obtained from surgery were studied by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti - E - cadherin , anti - alpha - catenin and anti - p53 antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Expression of E - cadherin and alpha - catenin was reduced in 50 . 5 and 64 . 4 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 protein staining was positive in 29 . 7 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant correlation between E - cadherin and alpha - catenin expression , but no correlation was found between p53 expression and E - cadherin or alpha - catenin expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reduction in alpha - catenin expression and p53 overexpression correlated to lymph node metastases , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis showed that cooccurrence of reduced expression of alpha - catenin and overexpression of p53 was an independent factor indicating lymph node metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A study of both alpha - catenin and p53 expression may be helpful to predict lymph node metastases in early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisense technologies have a future fighting neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our growing understanding of the role that unfavorable patterns of gene expression play in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease emphasizes the need for strategies to selectively block the biosynthesis of harmful proteins in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisense technologies are ideally suited to this purpose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tailor - designed to target specific RNA , antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes offer tools to suppress the production of proteins mediating neurodegeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although technical limitations must still be overcome , the antisense approach represents a novel and exciting strategy for intervention in diseases of the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "central nervous system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proto - oncogene N - myc promoter is down regulated by the Wilms ' tumor suppressor gene WT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilms ' tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wilms ' tumor 1 ( WT1 ) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a zinc - finger transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WT1 represses transcription of several growth factors and growth factor receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - myc proto - oncogene encodes a transcription factor which regulates cell growth and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - myc is coexpressed with WT1 in the developing kidney and is overexpressed in many Wilms ' tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Wilms ' tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the proto - oncogene N - myc promoter was down - regulated by WT1 in transient transfection assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , mutant WT1 ( R394W ) which has a mutation in the DNA binding domain could not repress the N - myc promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the oligonucleotides containing the WT1 motifs could bind recombinant WT1 proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the repression of the N - myc promoter is mediated through the WT1 binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding may help to elucidate the relationship of WT1 and N - myc in tumorigenesis and renal development .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spacing effects on the memory for faces .", "entity": [{"entity": "faces", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25 undergraduate women studied 12 stimulus pictures of female faces successively presented in spaced or massed conditions and made affective judgments for the pictures along a dimension of like to dislike .", "entity": [{"entity": "faces", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One week after the exposure ( study ) period , subjects were given an identification test comprised of photographs of the same female faces with different expressions .", "entity": [{"entity": "faces", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis showed that the pictures presented in the spaced condition were more frequently and accurately identified than those presented under the massed condition and that affective judgment was unrelated to conditions of presentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumour - specific distribution of BRCA1 promoter region methylation supports a pathogenetic role in breast and ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of BRCA1 in sporadic breast and ovarian cancers remains elusive .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct involvement of BRCA1 in the development of breast and ovarian cancer is suggested by the finding that the BRCA1 promoter region CpG island is methylated in a proportion of breast and ovarian cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of BRCA1 promoter region methylation in tumours in which loss of BRCA1 has been shown to play a role in pathogenesis ( breast and ovarian carcinomas ) with the incidence in tumours in which BRCA1 is unlikely to play a role in pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "ovarian carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 199]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter region hypermethylation was significantly more common ( P < 0 . 008 ) in breast and ovarian cancer ( 6 / 38 tumours methylated ) than in colon cancer ( 0 / 35 tumours methylated ) or in leukaemias ( 0 / 19 samples methylated ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "leukaemias", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The restriction of BRCA1 promoter region hypermethylation to breast and ovarian cancer is consistent with a pathogenetic role of BRCA1 promoter methylation in these tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that the rarity of observed BRCA1 mutations in sporadic breast and ovarian cancer is due to the greater likelihood of BRCA1 inactivation by non - mutational mechanisms such as methylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of the resident chromosomal copy of c - myc by c - Myb is involved in myeloid leukemogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "myeloid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c - myb is a frequent target of retroviral insertional mutagenesis in murine leukemia virus - induced myeloid leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of the leukemogenic phenotype is generally associated with inappropriate expression of this transcriptional regulator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite intensive investigations , the target genes of c - myb that are specifically involved in development of these myeloid lineage neoplasms are still unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "neoplasms", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro assays have indicated that c - myc may be a target gene of c - Myb ; however , regulation of the resident chromosomal gene has not yet been demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this question further , we analyzed the expression of c - myc in a myeloblastic cell line , M1 , expressing a conditionally active c - Myb - estrogen receptor fusion protein ( MybER ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloblastic cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "M1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of MybER both prevented the growth arrest induced by interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) and rapidly restored c - myc expression in nearly terminal differentiated cells that had been exposed to IL - 6 for 3 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restoration occurred in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor but not after a transcriptional block , indicating that c - myc is a direct , transcriptionally regulated target of c - Myb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c - myc is a major target that transduces Myb ' s proliferative signal , as shown by the ability of a c - Myc - estrogen receptor fusion protein alone to also reverse growth arrest in this system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the possibility that this regulatory connection contributes to Myb ' s oncogenicity , we expressed a dominant negative Myb in the myeloid leukemic cell line RI - 4 - 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid leukemic cell line RI - 4 - 11", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this cell line , c - myb is activated by insertional mutagenesis and cannot be effectively down regulated by cytokine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myb ' s ability to regulate c - myc ' s expression was also demonstrated in these cells , showing a mechanism through which the proto - oncogene c - myb can exert its oncogenic potential in myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenovirus - mediated gene transfer of endostatin in vivo results in high level of transgene expression and inhibition of tumor growth and metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to be an effective strategy in cancer therapy in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its widespread application has been hampered by difficulties in the large - scale production of the antiangiogenic proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This limitation may be resolved by in vivo delivery and expression of the antiangiogenic genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have constructed a recombinant adenovirus that expresses murine endostatin that is biologically active both in vitro , as determined in endothelial cell proliferation assays , and in vivo , by suppression of angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor 165 .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Persistent high serum levels of endostatin ( 605 - 1740 ng / ml ; mean , 936 ng / ml ) were achieved after systemic administration of the vector to nude mice , which resulted in significant reduction of the growth rates and the volumes of JC breast carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma ( P less than 0 . 001 and P less than 0 . 05 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "JC breast carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [239, 258]}, {"entity": "Lewis lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [263, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the endostatin vector treatment completely prevented the formation of pulmonary micrometastases in Lewis lung carcinoma ( P = 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary micrometastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 109]}, {"entity": "Lewis lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical staining of the tumors demonstrated a decreased number of blood vessels in the treatment group versus the controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the present study clearly demonstrates the potential of vector - mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy as a component in cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abdominal approach for the ligation of bleeding oesophageal varices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abdominal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "oesophageal varices", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conventional surgical treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in the emergency situation is based upon the Boerema - Crile operation of transthoracic oesophagotomy and ligation of the varices .", "entity": [{"entity": "oesophageal varices", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "transthoracic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "varices", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This and the other methods of treatment of this condition in current practice are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases are reported in which a transabdominal oesophagogastrotomy was used to approach the site of bleeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "transabdominal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This operation is described and the theoretical and practical advantages it appears to offer over the standard approach are considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High frequency of hypermethylation at the 14 - 3 - 3 sigma locus leads to gene silencing in breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of 14 - 3 - 3 final sigma ( final sigma ) is induced in response to DNA damage , and causes cells to arrest in G ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By SAGE ( serial analysis of gene expression ) analysis , we identified final sigma as a gene whose expression is 7 - fold lower in breast carcinoma cells than in normal breast epithelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 154]}, {"entity": "breast epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We verified this finding by Northern blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , final sigma mRNA was undetectable in 45 of 48 primary breast carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic alterations at final sigma such as loss of heterozygosity were rare ( 1 / 20 informative cases ) , and no mutations were detected ( 0 / 34 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , hypermethylation of CpG islands in the final sigma gene was detected in 91 % ( 75 / 82 ) of breast tumors and was associated with lack of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypermethylation of final sigma is functionally important , because treatment of final sigma - non - expressing breast cancer cell lines with the drug 5 - aza - 2 ' - deoxycytidine resulted in demethylation of the gene and synthesis of final sigma mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breast cancer cells lacking final sigma expression showed increased number of chromosomal breaks and gaps when exposed to gamma - irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is possible that loss of final sigma expression contributes to malignant transformation by impairing the G ( 2 ) cell cycle checkpoint function , thus allowing an accumulation of genetic defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypermethylation and loss of final sigma expression are the most consistent molecular alterations in breast cancer identified so far .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of the sodium pump by azide and high internal sodium : changes in the number of pumping sites and turnover rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of 5 mM azide on [ 3H ] ouabain uptake and 22Na efflux were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both glycoside uptake and 22Na efflux were enhanced by azide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azide stimulated the Na pump in muscles whose pumping sites had been inhibited by ouabain and then transferred to a glycoside - free solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This stimulation was observed before detecting any recovery of the initial pumping activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When both the resting and the azide - stimulated 22Na efflux had been blocked by ouabain , an additional exposure to azide , in a ouabain - free solution , had no further effects on 22Na efflux .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the increase in Na pumping caused by azide is due in part to an increase in the number of pumping sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 3H ] ouabain binding was measured in muscles with different intracellular alkali cation concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variations in [ Na ] i from 15 up to 50 mM did not significantly affect the amount of glycoside bound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A substantial increase in binding occurred when [ Na ] i reached 70 mM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is proposed that the increase in Na extrusion that occurs during the recovery of Na loaded muscles mostly results from an increased turnover rate of the pump rather than from an increase in number of pumping sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced oncogenicity of p190 Bcr / Abl F - actin - binding domain mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deregulated Bcr / Abl tyrosine kinase is responsible for the development of Philadelphia ( Ph ) - positive leukemia in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the significance of the C - terminal Abl actin - binding domain within Bcr / Abl p190 in the development of leukemia / lymphoma in vivo , mutant p190 DNA constructs were used to generate transgenic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight founder and progeny mice of 5 different lines were monitored for leukemogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latency was markedly increased and occurrence decreased in the p190 del C lines as compared with nonmutated p190 BCR / ABL transgenics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis of involved hematologic tissues of the p190 del C transgenics with end - stage disease showed high - level expression of the transgene and tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl and Hef1 / Cas , proteins previously shown to be affected by Bcr / Abl .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematologic tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that the actin - binding domain of Abl enhances leukemia development but does not appear to be an absolute requirement for leukemogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Building the vertebrate vasculature : research is going swimmingly .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vertebrate vasculature develops in remarkably similar fashion in all vertebrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cohort of unspecified mesodermal cells differentiates into primitive endothelial cells , which migrate to and occupy positions within the stereotypical blueprint of the primitive vasculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesodermal cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once in position , these cells coalesce and form cords , which lumenize and become ensheathed by supporting pericytes and smooth muscle cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "cords", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "pericytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "smooth muscle cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This primitive vascular network is extensively remodeled in some places , and expanded by sprouting in others .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular network", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various studies using the mouse , quail / chick , and frog have uncovered a number of signals that guide these complex processes but many gaps still exist in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the embryonic vasculature is built .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because many questions will require in vivo studies to be properly addressed , the zebrafish , with its unique accessibility to analysis by combined embryological , molecular , and genetic methods , should prove invaluable in identifying new molecules involved in blood vessel development and integrating pathways that influence embryonic blood vessel formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 162]}, {"entity": "blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [264, 276]}, {"entity": "embryonic blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [329, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Interleukin - 18 and new drugs . Protective effect against tumor growth and infections ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 18 , originally identified as interferon - gamma inducing factor ( IGIF ) , is related to the IL - 1 family in terms of its structure as well as its processing , receptor , signal transduction pathway and pro - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 18 is also functionally related to IL - 12 , as it induces the production of Th1 cytokines and participates in cell - mediated immune cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A summary is made of recent advances in the understanding of IL - 18 structure , processing , receptor expression and immunoregulatory functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It focuses on the role of IL - 18 modulation in tumours , infections and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal congenital alveolar proteinosis associated with abnormal surfactant protein B messenger RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "alveolar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two siblings presented with typical clinical features of congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis ( PAP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary alveolar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Necropsy of one sibling revealed scattered foci of the diagnostic histologic changes in the lung tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "lung tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to infantile and adult PAP , focal distribution is uncommon in congenital PAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "focal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defective expression of the granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor receptor was ruled out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surfactant protein B ( SP - B ) content in the lung tissue of the autopsied patient was low , and a deletion in the SP - B messenger RNA was detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate that the PAP in our patients was related to the reduced quantity and / or to the altered quality of SP - B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonometry in normal and scarred corneas , and in postkeratoplasty eyes : a comparative study of the Goldmann , the ProTon and the Schiotz tonometers .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical comparison of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer ( GAT ) , the ProTon tonometer ( PT ) , and the Schiotz tonometer ( ST ) , in normal eyes , eyes with scarred corneas and postkeratoplasty eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "intraocular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [186, 190]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 197]}, {"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 218]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [240, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IOP readings with GAT , PT , and ST were compared in 125 eyes with normal corneas ( Group A ) , 17 eyes with scarred corneas ( Group B ) , and in 21 postkeratoplasty eyes ( Group C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data were statistically analysed at 95 % confidence interval ; linear regression analysis and paired t - test were done .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean differences and their standard deviation [ SD ] between GAT and PT readings , and GAT and ST readings respectively were : [ 1 ] in Group A : - 0 . 23 [ SD 2 . 75 ] mmHg and + 0 . 24 [ SD 3 . 18 ] mmHg respectively ; [ 2 ] in Group B : - 1 . 8 [ SD 12 . 67 ] mmHg and - 4 . 5 [ SD 9 . 95 mmHg ; and [ 3 ] in Group C : + 0 . 24 [ SD 8 . 72 ] mmHg and - 0 . 12 [ SD 8 . 7 ] mmHg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were not statistically significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Group A the 95 % confidence interval between GAT and PT readings was - 5 . 27 mmHg to 5 . 73 mmHg , and between GAT and ST readings , - 6 . 12 mmHg to 6 . 59 mmHg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ninety six [ 77 % ] eyes with the PT and 84 [ 69 % ] eyes with ST measurements were within 3 mmHg of GAT pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation coefficients [ r ] for PT and ST were 0 . 93 [ P = 0 . 0000 ] and 0 . 88 [ P = 0 . 0000 ] respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Group B 95 % confidence interval between GAT and PT readings was - 27 . 17 mmHg to 23 . 51 mmHg , and between GAT and ST measurement , - 24 . 37 mmHg to 15 . 44 mmHg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation coefficients [ r ] for the PT and ST were 0 . 112 [ P = 0 . 660 ] and 0 . 630 [ P = 0 . 006 ] respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In group C , the 95 % confidence interval between GAT and PT measurements was - 17 . 20 mmHg to 17 . 67 mmHg , and between GAT and ST measurements , - 17 . 51 mmHg to 17 . 27 mmHg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation coefficients [ r ] for the PT and the ST were 0 . 780 [ P = 0 . 0000 ] and 0 . 740 [ P = 0 . 0001 ] respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In clinical practice PT appears to have a higher level of accuracy than ST in normal corneas .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In scarred corneas and post - penetrating keratoplasty eyes , because of high SD for mean differences and wide confidence interval of 95 % , both PT and ST are inaccurate in measuring IOP as compared to GAT in such eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small peptide derived from Flt - 1 ( VEGFR - 1 ) functions as an angiogenic inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is an angiogenic stimulator which functions through two endothelial specific tyrosine kinase receptors , Flt - 1 and Flk - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we show that an 11 - amino acid peptide derived from the second immunoglobulin - like domain of Flt - 1 functions as an angiogenic inhibitor in chick chorioallantoic membrane and inhibited VEGF - induced vascular permeability in Miles ' assay without binding to VEGF directly .", "entity": [{"entity": "chorioallantoic membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 189]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicate that this peptide forms a stable extended structure in solution , presumably beta - sheet structure and is most likely existing as a dimer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that this small peptide functions as an angiogenic inhibitor by inhibiting VEGF function through a non - VEGF binding mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ H . pylori infection . Our experience with the quadruple and triple therapy as first pharmacologic approach ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For now the most used pharmacological treatment of first instance to eradication of Hp foresees utilization of triple therapy ( PPI + two antibiotics ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study we have compared this kind of treatment with the quadruple therapy ( PPI + three antibiotics ) , that have showed a taller percentage of eradication at the end of first therapeutical cycle with a shorter time and lower price of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and p53 protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "esophagus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : p53 plays a role in tumor angiogenesis , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to clarify how expression of p53 protein participates in angiogenesis , and whether the coexpression of VEGF and p53 protein has a significance for angiogenesis and the clinicopathological features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "esophageal squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [234, 268]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [271, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Tissues samples were taken from 60 patients with esophageal SCC after surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tissues samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "esophageal SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of VEGF and p53 protein in these SCC was examined immunohistochemically .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microvessel density ( MVD ) was determined by counting microvessels in tumor sections stained for Factor VIII - related antigen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "microvessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "tumor sections", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ki - 67 labeling index ( LI ) was calculated , based on Ki - 67 antigen immunostaining , as a proliferative marker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptotic index ( AI ) was calculated , based on the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling , to evaluate apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : VEGF expression was observed in 58 . 3 % , and p53 protein expression was observed in 61 . 7 % of the 60 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF and p53 protein were significantly coexpressed in 26 ( 43 . 4 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological venous invasion ( p less than 0 . 01 ) and distant metastasis ( p less than 0 . 05 ) were significantly correlated with p53 protein expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "venous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two parameters were more frequently observed in the SCC with VEGF / p53 coexpression than in those without the coexpression .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MVD and Ki - 67 LI were significantly higher ( p less than 0 . 01 and p less than 0 . 001 ) , and the AI was significantly lower ( p less than 0 . 001 ) in the SCC with p53 protein expression than in the SCC without it .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MVD and Ki - 67 LI were higher , and the AI was lower in the SCC with VEGF / p53 coexpression than in those without the coexpression .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 - yr survival rate in patients with the coexpression was poorer than in the other patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results suggest that mutant p53 expression is associated with angiogenesis and distant metastasis in esophageal SCC , and that the coexpression of p53 and VEGF may play an important role in angiogenesis , and have important clinical significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "esophageal SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ mRNA expression of metastasis - suppressor gene nm23 in carcinoma of buccal mucosa . II . Quantitative reverse transcription PCR amplification ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "buccal mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nm23 gene is a conspicuous metastasis - suppressor gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors detected both nm23 - H1 and nm23 - H2 mRNA levels in 47 tissues samples of patients with carcinoma of buccal mucosa ( CBM ) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR amplification .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "buccal mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that expression levels of both nm23 - H1 and nm23 - H2 mRNA varied in normal buccal mucosa , leukoplakia , adjacent nontumorous mucosa , submandibular gland , CBM and lymph nodes with or without metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "buccal mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "leukoplakia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "nontumorous mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 153]}, {"entity": "submandibular gland", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 175]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nm23 - H1 mRNA expression levels in CBM with lymph nodes metastases were lower than those in CBM without metastases ( P < 0 . 05 ) , while no significance of nm23 - H2 mRNA expression levels was found between CBM with and CBM without metastasis ( P > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 216]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [226, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were comparative to those of Northern blotting of the same cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors concluded that , as also in the study of Northern blotting , the expression of nm23 - H1 mRNA significantly correlated inversely with lymph node metastasis in CBM , while the expression of nm23 - H2 mRNA not .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "CBM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Q - RT - PCR was a useful method to detect the mRNA levels of nm23 gene in buccal carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "buccal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis associated with overexpression of phospholipase D isozymes in cultured murine fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phospholipase D ( PLD ) has been suggested to play an important role in a variety of cellular functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLD activity has been shown to be significantly elevated in many tumours and transformed cells , suggesting the possibility that PLD might be involved in tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have established stable cell lines overexpressing PLD1 and PLD2 from fibroblast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "fibroblast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cells , but not control cells , showed altered growth properties and anchorage - independent growth in soft agar .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both PLD1 and PLD2 also induced an up - regulation of the activity of matrix metalloprotease - 9 as detected by zymograms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , both PLD1 and PLD2 transformants , but not vector - transfectants , induced undifferentiated sarcoma when transplanted into nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLD1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "PLD2 transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "vector - transfectants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both PLD1 - and PLD2 - mediated cell cycle distributions in stable cell lines revealed an increased fraction of cells in the S phase compared with control cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the level of cyclin D3 protein , known as an activator of G ( 1 ) to S phase transition in the cell cycle , was aberrantly high in cells overexpressing PLD1 and PLD2 compared with control cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that overexpression of PLD isozymes may play an important role in neoplastic transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renormalization group analysis of autoregressive processes and fractional noise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A renormalization group analysis is applied to autoregressive processes with an infinite series of coefficients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple fixed point is given by a random walk , and a second class is found that is proportional to the high order coefficients of fractional autoregressive integrated moving average ( ARIMA ) processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The approach might be useful to detect nonstationarity in autoregressive processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponin I inhibits capillary endothelial cell proliferation by interaction with the cell ' s bFGF receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 46]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponin I ( TnI ) is a novel cartilage - derived angiogenesis inhibitor , first demonstrated by Moses et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1999 , Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA 2645 - 2650 ) to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis , both in vivo and in vitro , and to inhibit metastasis of a wide variety of tumors in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite convincing evidence of its efficacy , little is known about the mechanism of action of TnI as an anti - proliferative and anti - angiogenic agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current article we demonstrate that TnI inhibits both bFGF - stimulated and basal levels of endothelial cell proliferation , and we hypothesize that this inhibition is occurring , at least in part , via an interaction of TnI with the cell - surface bFGF receptor on capillary endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "cell - surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 255]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [273, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further support this hypothesis by providing the first evidence that TnI can act on nonendothelial as well as endothelial cells and by demonstrating that this inhibitory action is specific for the bFGF receptor on the target cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonendothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [228, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary data suggest that TnI may be competing with bFGF for interaction with the bFGF receptor on responsive cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RhoA activation promotes transformation and loss of thyroid cell differentiation interfering with thyroid transcription factor - 1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly specialized cells , the thyrocytes , express a thyroid - specific set of genes for thyroglobulin ( Tg ) , thyroperoxidase , and the transcription factors TTF - 1 , TTF - 2 , and Pax - 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "thyrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "thyroid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implication of the small GTPase RhoA in TSH - mediated proliferation of FRTL - 5 rat thyroid cells has been previously demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRTL - 5 rat thyroid cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further analyze RhoA function in thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation patterns , we combined transient and stable transfection assays to express different mutant RhoA forms in FRTL - 5 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "FRTL - 5 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutively active RhoA ( FRTL - 5 - RhoA QL cells ) exhibited a fibroblast - like phenotype with organized actin fibers , whereas cells expressing the RhoA negative dominant phenotype ( FRTL - 5 - RhoA N19 cells ) present a rounded morphology and lose normal cytoskeletal architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRTL - 5 - RhoA QL cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 53]}, {"entity": "fibroblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "actin fibers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "FRTL - 5 - RhoA N19 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 215]}, {"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [263, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , expression of the constitutively active form of RhoA results in TSH - independent proliferation and anchorage - independent growth and induces tumors when inoculated in nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , FRTL - 5 - RhoA QL cells express less Tg and TTF - 1 than wild - type FRTL - 5 ( FRTL - 5 - vector ) or FRTL - 5 - RhoA N19 , suggesting a loss at the differentiation stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRTL - 5 - RhoA QL cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 40]}, {"entity": "FRTL - 5", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "FRTL - 5", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "FRTL - 5 - RhoA N19", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is mediated , at least in part , by a decrease in TTF - 1 activity , since transient or stable expression of RhoA QL results in a reduction in the activity of the wild - type Tg promoter as well as an artificial promoter the activation of which depends exclusively on TTF - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RhoA QL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The similarity between RhoA effects and thyroid transformation by Ras suggests that RhoA may act as a downstream effector of Ras ; in fact , the dominant negative RhoA N19 abolished the down - regulatory effect of Ras V12 over the Tg promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results show for the first time that active RhoA is able to transform FRTL - 5 cells and that this effect is coupled to a loss of thyroid differentiation due to impaired TTF - 1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRTL - 5 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "thyroid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical significance of plasma endostatin in acute myeloid leukemia / myelodysplastic syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "acute myeloid leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Endostatin , a C - terminal fragment of collagen XVIII , is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While endostatin is being investigated for its usefulness in treating solid tumors , its significance in hematologic malignancies is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "hematologic malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The authors evaluated plasma endostatin ( PE ) levels using an enzyme linked immunoassay in 71 patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) and 43 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS ) , and correlated PE with various clinical parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "acute myeloid leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There was no significant difference in the median PE level between AML / MDS patients and the normal controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , patients who achieved complete remission ( CR ) had a significantly lower median PE level compared to those who did not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In multivariate analysis , PE was found to be a significant ( P = 0 . 03 ) predictor of overall survival ( OS ) with adjustment of the other baseline covariates , including patient age , history of antecedent hematologic disorders , and the use of protective environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematologic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prognostic value of PE was also evaluated by dividing MDS / AML patients into high and low PE groups using the median PE level of normal controls as the cut - off .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors found that patients in the high PE group survived for a significantly shorter time than those patients in the low PE group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : PE is a useful prognostic predictor of CR and OS for AML / MDS patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism underlying the association between high PE and poor clinical outcome is unclear , although it may be related to the possible PE reflection of tumor burden .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of angiogenesis and progelatinase a by thrombin receptor mimetics and antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The angiogenic action of thrombin has been shown to be mediated by activation of the thrombin receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we studied the effects of SFLLR , an agonist of the activated thrombin receptor and thrombin receptor peptide and non peptide antagonists on angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ) system .", "entity": [{"entity": "chorioallantoic membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 206]}, {"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As antagonists were used the tripeptide FPR and non - peptide 1 , 4 - disubstituted piperazine derivatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pentapeptide SFLLR , like thrombin , caused a marked stimulation of angiogenesis in the CAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FPR and the piperazine derivatives caused suppression of angiogenesis and in combination with thrombin antagonized its angiogenic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombin and SFLLR activated progelatinase A ( MMP - 2 ) in the culture medium of human umbilical cord endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "human umbilical cord endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 120]}, {"entity": "HUVECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MMP - 2 is involved in the early steps of angiogenesis leading to local dissolution of basement membrane collagen and migration of the activated endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "basement membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FPR and the piperazine derivatives inhibited the activation of this enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also antagonised the effects of both thrombin and SFLLR on MMP - 2 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that non - thrombogenic agonists or antagonists of the activated thrombin receptor can be used as modulators of angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal expression of E - cadherin and beta - catenin may be a molecular marker of submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "submucosal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Impaired expression of E - cadherin and alpha - and beta - catenin is frequently observed in several human cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to examine immunohistochemical expression of these adhesion molecules , focusing on early gastric carcinomas , and to investigate differences between differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancer at the early phase of carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Immunohistochemical staining of E - cadherin and alpha - and beta - catenin was performed using specimens from 143 patients with early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Abnormal E - cadherin and beta - catenin staining correlated with depth of tumour invasion in differentiated - type tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , abnormal staining was frequently found even in intramucosal carcinoma of undifferentiated - type tumours , suggesting an apparent difference in the onset of E - cadherin - catenin complex abnormality between the two cancer types .", "entity": [{"entity": "intramucosal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [230, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absent staining of beta - catenin was associated with lymph node metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis revealed abnormal E - cadherin expression as an independent factor that correlated with submucosal invasion in early gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "submucosal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Abnormal E - cadherin expression is a possible marker of submucosal invasion in differentiated - type early gastric cancer and absent beta - catenin staining could be used as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in both types .", "entity": [{"entity": "submucosal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dominant negative interference of transcription factor AP - 2 causes inhibition of ErbB - 3 expression and suppresses malignant cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ErbB - 3 ( HER3 ) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing evidence suggests that elevated expression of ErbB - 3 is important for malignancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we found that elevated levels of ErbB - 3 expression did not occur in the absence of AP - 2gamma in a panel of human mammary epithelial and fibroblasts cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammary epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 151]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , there was no association between the expression of AP - 2alpha or AP - 2beta and the level of ErbB - 3 , or between AP - 2alpha and AP - 2gamma double positivity and ErbB - 3 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In co - transfection experiments , exogenous expression of AP - 2gamma robustly activated ErbB - 3 promoter activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , expression of a dominant negative AP - 2 protein , AP - 2delta ( deleted residues 31 - 117 ) , not only repressed the ErbB - 3 promoter activity but also suppressed endogenous ErbB - 3 transcription in the ErbB - 3 overexpressing cell line MRC - 5VA .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line MRC - 5VA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of AP - 2A resulted in a decreased proliferation rate and inhibitin of colony formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "colony", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data strongly support a role for the AP - 2 gene family , in particular , AP - 2gamma , in the control of ErbB - 3 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interference with the function of transcription factor AP - 2 might provide a potential strategy for modulation of the malignant phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF165 mediates formation of complexes containing VEGFR - 2 and neuropilin - 1 that enhance VEGF165 - receptor binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - expression of NRP1 and ( VEGFR - 2 ) KDR on the surface of endothelial cells ( EC ) enhances VEGF165 binding to KDR and EC chemotaxis in response to VEGF165 .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of NRP1 by prostate tumor cells in vivo results in increased tumor angiogenesis and growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying NRP1 - mediated angiogenesis by analyzing the association of NRP1 and KDR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intracellular complex containing NRP1 and KDR was immunoprecipitated from EC by anti - NRP1 antibodies only in the presence of VEGF165 .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , VEGF121 , which does not bind to NRP1 , did not support complex formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complexes containing VEGF165 , NRP1 , and KDR were also formed in an intercellular fashion by co - culture of EC expressing KDR only , with cells expressing NRP1 only , for example , breast carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "intercellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "breast carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF165 also mediated the binding of a soluble NRP1 dimer to cells expressing KDR only , confirming the formation of such complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the formation of complexes containing KDR and NRP1 markedly increased 125I - VEGF165 binding to KDR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that formation of a ternary complex of VEGF165 , KDR , and NRP1 potentiates VEGF165 binding to KDR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These complexes are formed on the surface of EC and in a juxtacrine manner via association of tumor cell NRP1 and EC KDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxic induction of HIF - 1alpha and VEGF expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines is mediated by stress activated protein kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid tumors must establish a blood supply in order to proliferate and grow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer cells secrete soluble factors which can induce proliferation and migration of capillary endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the most potent of the angiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased VEGF expression by malignant tumors has been associated with high vascularity , increased cancer cell growth , and lymph node metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced oxygen tension has been shown to increase VEGF production by induction of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha ( HIF - 1alpha ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms by which hypoxic tumor environments induce HIF - 1alpha and VEGF expression are largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jun N terminal kinase ( JNK1 ) and p38 kinase are activated by a variety of stress stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if hypoxic activation of these stress activated protein kinases regulated HIF - 1alpha and VEGF expression , we assayed JNK1 and p38 activity in squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) lines grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia rapidly induced both JNK1 and p38 activity in these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This activation correlated with induction of HIF - 1alpha expression and DNA binding activity which was blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia also increased VEGF production by SCC lines , which was inhibited by treatment with SB203580 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of JNK1 or p38 was sufficient to induce HIF - 1alpha and VEGF expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that induction of SAPKs by hypoxia regulates HIF - 1alpha and VEGF expression in head and neck carcinoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "head and neck carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cytotoxic potential and mechanism of action of selected coumarins , using human renal cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study determined the selective cytotoxicity of eight coumarin compounds to human renal carcinoma cells , relative to non - carcinoma proximal tubular cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "non - carcinoma proximal tubular cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selectivity cytotoxicity was observed following exposure to 6 - nitro - 7 - hydroxycoumarin ( 6 - NO ( 2 ) - 7 - OHC ) and 7 , 8 - dihydroxycoumarin ( 7 , 8 - OHC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - NO ( 2 ) - 7 - OHC induced cytotoxicity was irreversible in both cell lines , unlike 7 , 8 - OHC , which was reversible in the carcinoma cells only .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mobility shift and BrdU incorporation assays showed that both compounds did not intercalate DNA but had a concentration - dependent inhibitory effect on its synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All coumarins studied were found to be non - mutagenic using the standard Ames test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results would suggest that 6 - NO ( 2 ) - 7 - OHC and 7 , 8 - OHC might have a therapeutic role to play in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Radiologic - pathologic correlations in breast diseases ]", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this article is to explain radiologic patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions ( masses , microcalcifications ) based on histological correlations .", "entity": [{"entity": "benign", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "malignant breast lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 102]}, {"entity": "masses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "microcalcifications", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stromal fibrous reaction associated to infiltrating carcinomas is responsible of focal increased density , and architectural distorsion , ultrasound acoustic shadowing ; abnormal neoangiogenesis can be detected by Doppler , CT or MR imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "stromal fibrous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invasive carcinomas without spiculated margins are poorly differentiated tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Invasive carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "spiculated margins", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammographic patterns of microcalcifications depend on their physiopathological process ( necrosis , secretion ) , and the shape of clusters ( round , triangular ) typifies their anatomical site of origin ( lobular , ductal ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "microcalcifications", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "clusters", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "anatomical site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 194]}, {"entity": "lobular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 214]}, {"entity": "ductal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less frequent lesions ( invasive lobular , mucinous , and medullary carcinomas , radial scar ) will be also explained based on radiopathological correlations .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "invasive lobular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "mucinous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "medullary carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 78]}, {"entity": "radial scar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of radiopathological correlations in breast diseases helps the radiologists to analyze and characterize breast lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "breast lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pten signaling in gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , the PTEN gene ( phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 ) was identified as a tumor suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "chromosome 10", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , important progress has been made with respect to the understanding of the role of the Pten protein in the normal development of the brain as well as in the molecular pathogenesis of human gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the current state of the art concerning the involvement of aberrant Pten function in the development of different biologic features of malignant gliomas , such as loss of cell - cycle control and uncontrolled cell proliferation , escape from apoptosis , brain invasion , and aberrant neoangiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 175]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [232, 236]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [277, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the tumor - suppressive properties of Pten are dependent on its lipid phosphatase activity , which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol - 3 ' - kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt signaling pathway through dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol - ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) - triphosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The additional function of Pten as a dual - specificity protein phosphatase may also play a role in glioma pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the wealth of data elucidating the functional roles of Pten , recent studies suggest a diagnostic significance of PTEN gene alterations as a molecular marker for poor prognosis in anaplastic astrocytomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "anaplastic astrocytomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 211]}, {"entity": "anaplastic oligodendrogliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [216, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the possibility of selective targeting of PTEN mutant tumor cells by specific pharmacologic inhibitors of members of the Pten / PI3K / Akt pathway opens up new perspectives for a targeted molecular therapy of malignant gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTEN mutant tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 79]}, {"entity": "malignant gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ A case report of advanced gastric cancer responding to TS - 1 , a novel oral fluorouracil derivative ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TS - 1 is a new , oral anticancer agent composed of two modulators , gimeracil ( CDHP ) and oteracil potassium ( Oxo ) are mixed with tegafur in a ratio of 1 : 0 . 4 : 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report one case of advanced gastric cancer with lung and lymph node metastases that completely responded to TS - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 71 - year - old woman was admitted to our hospital because of breathlessness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastases and multiple pulmonary metastases was made .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 75]}, {"entity": "pulmonary metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred mg / body / day of TS - 1 was orally administrated for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "orally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A partial response ( PR ) was obtained after the first course with regression of multiple pulmonary metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 1 drug - free week , the second course was administered with 120 mg / body / day of TS - 1 for 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two courses , the primary tumor was reduced to an ulcer scar with pathological confirmation of a complete disappearance of the cancer tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "ulcer scar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "cancer tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , computed tomography ( CT ) showed a complete regression of the extensive lymph node and diffuse lung metastases , for a complete response ( CR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "lung metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum level of CEA was reduced from 172 . 7 ng / ml to 8 . 1 ng / ml after TS - 1 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for adverse events , only pigmentation of the skin and Grade 2 oral aphta were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "oral aphta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic regulation of distraction osteogenesis : a cascade of biochemical factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigates the systemic biochemical regulation of fracture healing in distraction osteogenesis compared with rigid osteotomy in a prospective in vivo study in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further clarify the influence of mechanical strain on the regulation of bone formation , bone growth factors ( insulin - like growth factor [ IGF ] I , IGF binding protein [ IGFBP ] 3 , transforming growth factor [ TGF ] beta1 , and basic FGF [ bFGF ] ) , bone matrix degrading enzymes ( matrix - metalloproteinases [ MMPs ] 1 , 2 , and 3 ) , human growth hormone ( hGH ) , and bone formation markers ( ALP , bone - specific ALP [ BAP ] , and osteocalcin [ OC ] ) have been analyzed in serum samples from 10 patients in each group pre - and postoperatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "bone matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [259, 270]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [381, 385]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [412, 416]}, {"entity": "serum samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [489, 502]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the distraction group , a significant postoperative increase in MMP - 1 , bFGF , ALP , and BAP could be observed during the lengthening and the consolidation period when compared with the baseline levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteotomy fracture healing without the traction stimulus failed to induce a corresponding increase in these factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , comparison of both groups revealed a significantly higher increase in TGF - beta1 , IGF - I , IGFBP - 3 , and hGH in the lengthening group during the distraction period , indicating key regulatory functions in mechanotransduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time courses of changes in MMP - 1 , bone growth factors ( TGF - beta1 and bFGF ) , and hGH , respectively , correlated significantly during the lengthening phase , indicating common regulatory pathways for these factors in distraction osteogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant correlation between the osteoblastic marker BAP , TGF - beta1 , and bFGF suggests strain - activated osteoblastic cells as a major source of systemically increased bone growth factors during callus distraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoblastic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 131]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systemic increase in bFGF and MMP - 1 might reflect an increased local stimulation of angiogenesis during distraction osteogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human papillomavirus oncoprotein E6 inactivates the transcriptional coactivator human ADA3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - risk human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are associated with carcinomas of the cervix and other genital tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "cervix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "genital tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPV oncoprotein E6 is essential for oncogenic transformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identify here hADA3 , human homologue of the yeast transcriptional coactivator yADA3 , as a novel E6 - interacting protein and a target of E6 - induced degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hADA3 binds selectively to the high - risk HPV E6 proteins and only to immortalization - competent E6 mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hADA3 functions as a coactivator for p53 - mediated transactivation by stabilizing p53 protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , three immortalizing E6 mutants that do not induce direct p53 degradation but do interact with hADA3 induced the abrogation of p53 - mediated transactivation and G ( 1 ) cell cycle arrest after DNA damage , comparable to wild - type E6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings reveal a novel strategy of HPV E6 - induced loss of p53 function that is independent of direct p53 degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the likely role of the evolutionarily conserved hADA3 in multiple coactivator complexes , inactivation of its function may allow E6 to perturb numerous cellular pathways during HPV oncogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical staining for thyroid transcription factor - 1 : a helpful aid in discerning primary site of tumor origin in patients with brain metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "brain metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin is a perplexing but common problem , accounting for up to 10 % to 15 % of all solid tumors at presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metastatic carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "origin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these metastases presumably arise from primary lung carcinomas , but the morphologic features and immunohistochemical profile of lung cancer is often too nonspecific to permit unequivocal confirmation .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "primary lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 70]}, {"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid transcription factor - 1 ( TTF - 1 ) is expressed in lung adenocarcinomas and thyroid carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas arising from other sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 81]}, {"entity": "thyroid carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 104]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "sites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For patients with adenocarcinomas in the lung , TTF - 1 staining is now routinely used to distinguish a primary lung cancer from a lung metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "primary lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 123]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along these same lines , TTF - 1 staining might prove useful in localizing the tumor origin of adenocarcinomas encountered outside of the lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The archival surgical pathology files of The Johns Hopkins Hospital were searched for cases of brain metastases biopsied between 1990 and 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue blocks were obtained and immunoperoxidase staining was performed using the TTF - 1 antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tissue blocks", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The medical records were reviewed independent of the staining results to determine site of tumor origin .", "entity": [{"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy - five patients underwent biopsies of carcinomas metastatic to the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of brain biopsy , the primary site of tumor origin was known in 45 cases and unknown in 30 cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , the primary site was established on clinical and radiographic grounds in 71 cases ( 95 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These included 40 ( 56 % ) metastases from a primary lung carcinoma and 31 ( 44 % ) metastases from some nonpulmonary carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "primary lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 67]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "nonpulmonary carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TTF - 1 staining was present in 31 of the 40 ( 78 % ) metastatic lung carcinomas , but in only 1 of the 31 ( 3 % ) metastatic nonpulmonary carcinomas ( a small - cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "metastatic nonpulmonary carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 149]}, {"entity": "small - cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 176]}, {"entity": "sinonasal tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the metastatic lung carcinomas were subtyped , TTF - 1 staining was noted in 11 of 11 ( 100 % ) adenocarcinomas , in 6 of 7 ( 86 % ) small - cell carcinomas , in 15 of 19 ( 79 % ) large - cell carcinomas , and in none of 3 ( 0 % ) squamous cell carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 35]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "small - cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 161]}, {"entity": "large - cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [185, 208]}, {"entity": "squamous cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [236, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TTF - 1 staining is very reliable in discerning whether a brain metastasis has arisen from a pulmonary or nonpulmonary site , particularly when dealing with adenocarcinomas and large - cell carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "nonpulmonary site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 172]}, {"entity": "large - cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TTF - 1 immunohistochemistry could focus the search for the primary tumor for patients presenting with brain metastasis as the initial manifestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein expression profile of primary human squamous cell lung carcinomas indicative of the incidence of metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary human squamous cell lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 73]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate firstly whether different protein expression patterns exist in primary squamous cell lung carcinomas of patients with and without lymph node involvement and secondly , whether or not different patterns exist in tumours with positive lymph nodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary squamous cell lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 150]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [261, 268]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [283, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , formalin - fixed , paraffin - embedded specimens from 130 patients with squamous cell lung carcinomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "squamous cell lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a first step , proteins were selected which showed a relationship to lymph node involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of JUN , ERBB2 , MYC , cyclin D , PCNA , bFGF , VEGF and Hsp70 proteins revealed a positive correlation to lymph node involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , caspase - 3 , Fas ligand , Fas / CD95 , and PAI showed an inverse correlation to lymph node involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second step , these parameters were further analyzed by hierarchical cluster analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting clusters were correlated to patients with or without lymph node involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data show that different protein expression patterns exist between primary squamous cell lung carcinomas with and without lymph node involvement and within carcinomas with lymph node involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary squamous cell lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 108]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data suggest that various metastasis profiles exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of a protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor in human breast cancer and ovarian cancer xenografts .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer xenografts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cell culture , the compound 317615 2HCl , a potent inhibitor of VEGF - stimulated HUVEC proliferation , was not very effective against MX - 1 breast cancer cells ( IC50 = 8 . 1 microM ) or SKOV - 3 ovarian carcinoma cells ( IC50 = 9 . 5 microM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "HUVEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "MX - 1 breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "SKOV - 3 ovarian carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to combinations of paclitaxel or carboplatin and 317615 x 2HCl with MX - 1 cells in culture resulted in cell survival that reflected primarily additivity of the two agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "MX - 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of SKOV - 3 cells to paclitaxel or carboplatin along with 317615 2HCl resulted in cell survivals that reflected additivity of 317615 x 2HCl with paclitaxel and greater - than - additive cytotoxicity with carboplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKOV - 3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of 317615 x 2HCI orally twice daily to nude mice bearing subcutaneous MX - 1 tumors or SKOV - 3 tumors resulted in a decreased number of intratumoral vessels as determined by CD31 and CD105 staining with decreases of 35 % and 43 % in MX - 1 tumors and 60 % and 75 % in SKOV - 3 tumors , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "orally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "subcutaneous MX - 1 tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 98]}, {"entity": "SKOV - 3 tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "intratumoral vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 172]}, {"entity": "MX - 1 tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [249, 262]}, {"entity": "SKOV - 3 tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [284, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "317615 x 2HCl was an active antitumor agent against the MX - 1 xenograft and increased the tumor growth delay produced by paclitaxel by 1 . 7 - fold and the tumor growth delay produced by carboplatin by 3 . 8 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "MX - 1 xenograft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of 317615 x 2HCl also increased the tumor growth delay produced by fractionated radiation therapy in the MX - 1 tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "MX - 1 tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with 317615 x 2HCl alone increased the lifespan of animals bearing intraperitoneal SKOV - 3 xenografts by 1 . 9 fold compared with untreated control animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "intraperitoneal SKOV - 3 xenografts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of paclitaxel and 317615 x 2HCl resulted in 100 % 120 - day survival of SKOV - 3 bearing animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKOV - 3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of 317615 x 2HCl along with carboplatin to animals bearing the SKOV - 3 tumor produced a 1 . 8 - fold increase in lifespan compared with carboplatin alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKOV - 3 tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "317615 x 2HCl is a promising new antiangiogenic agent that is in early phase clinical testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of CD154 on renal cell carcinomas and effect on cell proliferation , motility and platelet - activating factor synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD40 activation by CD154 may trigger diverse cellular responses , ranging from proliferation and differentiation to growth suppression and cell death , in normal and malignant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "malignant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the pathophysiologic role of CD154 expressed by tumor cells remains unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the expression of the CD40 - CD154 system in 24 primary cultures derived from renal cell carcinomas , its correlation with tumor stage and its potential functional significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 120]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found coexpression of CD40 and CD154 in most of the renal carcinoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD154 , but not CD40 expression , significantly correlated with tumor stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , renal carcinoma cell lines also released the soluble form of CD154 into the supernatant .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD40 engagement by CD154 did not affect apoptosis or survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , CD154 stimulated cell proliferation , motility and production of PAF , a phospholipid mediator of inflammation with angiogenic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the renal carcinoma cell lines expressed PAF - R .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of PAF - R by WEB - 2170 , a PAF - R antagonist , abolished the CD154 - dependent motility , indicating a role for PAF synthesized after CD154 stimulation in renal carcinoma cell motility .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study identifies new functional properties for CD154 , which are potentially relevant for the growth and dissemination of renal carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA damage induces a novel p53 - survivin signaling pathway regulating cell cycle and apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Survivin is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( IAP ) family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin , a DNA - damaging agent , activates a p53 - survivin signaling pathway inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 212]}, {"entity": "ALL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of wild - type ( wt ) p53 ALL cells ( EU - 3 cell line ) with doxorubicin caused accumulation of p53 , resulting in dramatic down - regulation of survivin , depletion of cells in G ( 2 ) / M , and apoptosis ( increased sub - G ( 1 ) compartment ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "wild - type ( wt ) p53 ALL cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 45]}, {"entity": "EU - 3 cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , doxorubicin treatment of mutant ( mut ) p53 cells ( EU - 6 / ALL line ) up - regulated survivin and induced G ( 2 ) / M arrest without inducing apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant ( mut ) p53 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 63]}, {"entity": "EU - 6 / ALL line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , treating EU - 6 with anti - survivin antisense resensitized these cells to doxorubicin , resulting in apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU - 6", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a p53 - null cell line ( EU - 4 ) , although doxorubicin treatment arrested cells in G ( 2 ) / M , survivin expression was unchanged , and cells underwent only limited apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 - null cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "EU - 4 )", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , re - expression of wt - p53 in EU - 4 cells could restore the doxorubicin - p53 - survivin pathway , resulting in significantly decreased survivin expression and increased apoptosis in these cells after doxorubicin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU - 4 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following cotransfection of p53 - null EU - 4 cells with survivin promoter - luciferase constructs and either wt - p53 or different mut - p53 expression vectors , wt - p53 inhibited survivin promoter activity ; p53 - mediated inhibition could be abrogated by overexpression of murine double minute2 ( MDM2 ) protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 - null EU - 4 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these studies define a novel p53 - survivin signaling pathway activated by DNA damage that results in down - regulation of survivin , cell cycle arrest , and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , our data indicate that loss of wt - p53 function in tumor cells may contribute to up - regulation of survivin and resistance to DNA - damaging agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the relationship between the population structure and national economic development in China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors examine the relationship between population reproduction and the production of material goods , with particular reference to the effect of changes in the age composition of the population on the national economy and national income .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analysis of the population structure of China is presented , with consideration given to age characteristics , occupation , and urban and rural population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suggestions for improving the population structure to achieve maximum rates of economic development are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regional differences in population structure are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No evidence for an influence of the human platelet antigen - 1 polymorphism on the antiplatelet effects of glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the hypothesis that the human platelet antigen - 1 ( HPA - 1 ) polymorphism may influence the antiplatelet effects of glycoprotein ( GP ) IIb / IIIa inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine diphosphate ( 30 micro mol ) - induced fibrinogen binding was measured by flow cytometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abciximab ( 0 . 03 - 3 micro g / ml ) , tirofiban ( 0 . 3 - 30 nmol / l ) or eptifibatide ( 0 . 01 - 1 micro g / ml ) were incubated for 15 min with the samples prior to stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IC ( 50 ) values for the inhibition of fibrinogen binding were determined from each experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All subjects were genotyped by GALIOS and automated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a marked variability in the inhibitory effects of all three GPIIb / IIIa inhibitors was confirmed , there were no significant differences between the genotypes with respect to the inhibition of fibrinogen binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the present study does not provide evidence for an effect of HPA - 1 polymorphism on the inter - individual variability in the platelet inhibitory effects of the three GPIIb / IIIa inhibitors approved for clinical use .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of 4 - alkylmorpholine N - oxides on ATP - producing processes in Ehrlich ascites and L1210 leukaemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "L1210 leukaemia cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of the homologous series of 4 - alkylmorpholine N - oxides on ATP - producing processes in Ehrlich ascites and L1210 murine leukaemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "L1210 murine leukaemia cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects on aerobic glucose consumption , lactic acid formation , content of total ( T - SH ) and non - protein thiol groups ( NP - SH ) , endogenous and exogenous respiration and the level of ATP in tumour cells incubated in vitro were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Dodecylmorpholine N - oxide ( DMNO ) , one of the most active compounds , decreased the level of ATP immediately after addition to the suspension of Ehrlich cells in an ice bath .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 2 h incubation at 37 degrees C the drop in the ATP level was much lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible explanation for the decrease in the ATP level might be interaction of the amine oxide with the cell membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative - - part IV : membranes for CRRT .", "entity": [{"entity": "membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracorporeal membrane used in a continuous renal replacement therapy ( CRRT ) for the treatment of a critically ill patient with acute renal failure ( ARF ) is vitally important for several reasons , including its influence on biocompatibility and filter performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracorporeal membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "renal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "renal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical relevance of membrane - related biocompatibility markers traditionally used in chronic hemodialysis remains unclear in CRRT .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous approaches may be used to assess membrane and filter performance in CRRT , but no specific methodology is accepted widely at present .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a potential benefit of certain membranes used for CRRT is adsorptive removal of inflammatory mediators , this issue has not been assessed carefully in well - designed clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These and other issues should be the subject of future clinical research efforts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes microvessel formation from mouse embryonic aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "embryonic aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To delineate the roles that oxygen and fibroblast growth factors ( FGFs ) play in the process of angiogenesis from the embryonic aorta , we cultured mouse embryonic aorta explants ( thoracic level to lateral vessels supplying the mesonephros and metanephros ) in a three - dimensional type I collagen gel matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "embryonic aorta explants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 179]}, {"entity": "thoracic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "lateral vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 215]}, {"entity": "mesonephros", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [230, 241]}, {"entity": "metanephros", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [246, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 8 days of culture under 5 % O ( 2 ) , but not room air , the addition of FGF2 to explants stimulated the formation of Gs - IB ( 4 - ) positive , CD31 - positive , and Flk - 1 - positive microvessels in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gs - IB ( 4 - ) positive", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 149]}, {"entity": "CD31 - positive", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 167]}, {"entity": "Flk - 1 - positive microvessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FGF2 - stimulated microvessel formation was inhibited by sequestration of FGF2 via addition of soluble FGF receptor ( FGFR ) chimera protein or anti - FGF2 antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FGFR1 and FGFR2 were present on explants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of FGFR1 , but not FGFR2 , were increased in embryonic aorta cultured under 5 % O ( 2 ) relative to room air .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that low oxygen upregulates FGFR1 expression in embryonic aorta in vitro and renders it more responsive to FGF2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - like growth factor - I receptor - mediated vasculogenesis / angiogenesis in human lung development .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural and functional development of the pulmonary system is dependent upon appropriate early vascularization of the embryonic lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "embryonic lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous in vitro studies in a rat model indicated that insulin - like growth factor - I ( IGF - I ) is a potent angiogenic agent for fetal lung endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal lung endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess its role on human vascular lung development , we first examined the expression of IGF - I / II and IGF receptor type I ( IGF - IR ) in human embryonic and fetal lung tissues at 4 - 12 wk of gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "fetal lung tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies revealed the presence of IGF - I / II - IGF - IR ligands and mRNA transcripts in embryonic lungs as early as 4 wk gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic lungs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunotargeting using an anti - IGF - IR neutralizing antibody on human fetal lung explants demonstrated a significant blockade of IGF - IR signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal lung explants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of IGF - IR resulted in a loss of endothelial cells , accompanied by dramatic changes in fetal lung explant morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "fetal lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terminal transferase dUTP end - labeling assay and TEM studies of anti - IGF - IR - treated lungs demonstrated numerous apoptotic mesenchymal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lungs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "mesenchymal cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat embryonic lung explant studies further validated the importance of the IGF - IGF - IR system for lung vascular development .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "lung vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide the first demonstration of IGF - I / II expression in the human lung in early gestation and indicate that the IGF family of growth factors , acting through the IGF - IR , is required as a survival factor during normal human lung vascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [243, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by periodontal pathogens in gingival fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "periodontal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "gingival fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) has recently attracted attention as a potent inducer of vascular permeability and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrant angiogenesis is often associated with lesion formation in chronic periodontitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the properties of VEGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts ( HGF ) culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "gingival fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , vesicle ( Ve ) and outer membrane protein ( OMP ) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "vesicle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGF constitutively produced VEGF and levels were significantly enhanced ( P less than 0 . 01 ) by stimulation with Ve and OMP from A . actinomycetemcomitans and P . gingivalis at concentrations of 10 microg / ml or higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , VEGF levels were not increased by LPS stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF mRNA expression was also observed in Ve - and OMP - stimulated HGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vascular permeability enhancement ( VPE ) assay was performed using guinea pigs to ascertain whether supernatant from cultures of Ve - and OMP - stimulated HGF enhance vascular permeability in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 161]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supernatant from cultures of Ve - and OMP - stimulated HGF strongly induced VPE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was markedly suppressed upon simultaneous injection of anti - VEGF polyclonal antibodies with the supernatant .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heating and protease treatment of the stimulants reduced the VEGF enhancing levels in Ve and OMP in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that Ve and OMP may be crucial heat - labile and protease - sensitive components of periodontal pathogens that enhance VEGF expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ve", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "periodontal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , VEGF might be associated with the etiology of periodontitis in its early stages according to neovascularization stimulated by periodontal pathogens causing swelling and edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "periodontal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 151]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - kappaB / Rel transcriptional pathway : implications in pancreatic cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite considerable efforts in understanding the cellular mechanisms contributing to pancreatic cancer , the prognosis of this malignant disease is still extremely poor .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "malignant disease", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although pancreatic cancer is the fifth common cause of cancer death in Western countries , current options in treatment enable a 5 - yr survival rate for all stages of less than 5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the face fo the fatal outcome , new approaches to the therapy have been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on its role in malignant transformation , apoptosis , and cell proliferation , the transcription factor NF - kappaB / Rel has gained the attention of many laboratories .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review provides basic information for the understanding of the biology of NF - kappaB and aims at presenting experimental data illustrating the involvement of NF - kappaB / Rel in pancreatic cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [185, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sickle cell disease : continuous arterial spin - labeling perfusion MR imaging in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sickle cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "arterial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) was measured with continuous arterial spin - labeling perfusion magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging in 14 children with sickle cell disease and seven control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "arterial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "sickle cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean CBF values were higher in patients ( P < . 005 ) than in control subjects in all cerebral artery territories .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients had decreased CBF in right anterior and middle cerebral artery territories compared with CBF on the left , and one patient had a profound decrease in CBF in all three territories in the right hemisphere .", "entity": [{"entity": "right anterior", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "middle cerebral artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 77]}, {"entity": "right hemisphere", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baseline CBF was significantly decreased in territories seen as unaffected on conventional MR images and MR angiograms in four children with sickle cell disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "sickle cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined topical fluconazole and corticosteroid treatment for experimental Candida albicans keratomycosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To determine the most efficient time point and concentration of topical corticosteroids in Candida albicans keratitis treated with fluconazole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Corneas of 105 rabbits were infected with viable yeast cells of C . albicans ( 2 . 5 x 10 ( 5 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corneas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a 48 - hour incubation period , seven groups of animals were treated for 21 days with fluconazole , with group I acting as a control , and groups II to VII receiving adjunct therapy with the corticosteroid prednisolone ( 5 or 10 times daily ; 3 , 9 , or 15 days after infection ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of corneal infiltration , ulceration , corneal clouding , hypopyon , conjunctivitis , neovascularization , and corneal perforation was monitored over a 24 - day period , as well as recultivation and resistance to fluconazole of the C . albicans pathogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The control group showed the highest level of corneal clouding and neovascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , by day 24 , the majority of groups also treated with prednisolone displayed significantly less corneal clouding and neovascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An immediate decrease in corneal clouding was observed in groups treated with additional low - or high - dose prednisolone from day 9 after inoculation .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After additional prednisolone treatment from day 9 or 15 after inoculation , no significant difference was detected in the recultivation rate of C . albicans compared with the control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early administration of prednisolone ( day 3 , low and high dose ) resulted in the recultivation of significantly more C . albicans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Fluconazole plus adjunct high - dose prednisolone treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of fungal keratitis is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid tumor therapy : manipulation of the vasculature with TNF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solid tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug delivery to solid tumors is one of the most challenging aspects in cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas agents seem promising in the test tube , clinical trials often fail due to unfavorable pharmacokinetics , poor delivery , low local concentrations , and limited accumulation in the target cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major step forwards in the treatment of solid tumors is the recognition of the tumor - associated vasculature as an important target for therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of tumor vascular development has a direct effect on the growth and progression of the tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Destruction of an existing vasculature also directly inflicts serious damage to the tumor cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the tumor vascular bed can be manipulated facilitating enhanced permissiveness of the tumor for administered chemotherapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor vascular bed", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we focus on the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF ) in local and systemic therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these settings TNF demonstrates potent and selective activity on the tumor vascular bed , which strongly improves tumor response .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor vascular bed", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The septic abscess wall : a cytokine - generating organ associated with portal venous cytokinemia , hepatic outflow fibrosis , sinusoidal congestion , inflammatory cell sequestration , hepatocellular lipid deposition , and focal cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "septic abscess wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "portal venous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "sinusoidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "inflammatory cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 168]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An acute septic inflammatory response with access to the portal circulation was created in a rat model using an intra - abdominal abscess composed of a sterile agar pellet , or one contaminated with 102 Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) and 109 Bacteriodes fragilis ( B . fragilis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intra - abdominal abscess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 days postimplantation , a well - formed intra - abdominal abscess occurred whose wall showed IL - 6 DNA by PCR and IL - 6 mRNA by in situ hybridization .", "entity": [{"entity": "intra - abdominal abscess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portal venous blood draining into the liver from the intra - abdominal abscess had increased levels of TNF - alpha , IL - 1beta , and IL - 6 in both sterile and septic groups compared with a control normal animal group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portal venous blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "intra - abdominal abscess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased levels of these cytokines were also found in suprahepatic inferior vena caval blood , but were correlated with the higher portal vein levels , suggesting a gradient from abscess wall to portal vein into the systemic circulation via the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "suprahepatic inferior vena caval blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 93]}, {"entity": "portal vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "abscess wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "portal vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [246, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver histology demonstrated sinusoidal congestion centering on the central vein , growing worse with progression from normal in control , to sterile , to septic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "sinusoidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "central vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the degree of intrahepatic myeloperoxidase - positive inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocellular lipid deposition and apoptosis also increased from control , to sterile , to septic .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammatory cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression by in situ hybridization demonstrated a significant increase in IL - 6 and fibrinogen mRNAs in cells surrounding the central vein in sterile and septic animals , being greatest in animals with sepsis , associated with an increased deposition of collagen in the central vein area , most prominent in the septic liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "central vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "central vein area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [277, 294]}, {"entity": "septic liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [319, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pericentral vein cells with IL - 6 and fibrinogen mRNA increases paralleled the increases in cells containing IL - 6 and fibrinogen mRNAs in the abscess walls of sterile and septic animals , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericentral vein cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "abscess walls", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data suggest that an intra - abdominal abscess , especially when contaminated with gram - negative bacteria , induces mRNA - generated cytokine responses in the abscess wall that are related to increased portal venous levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF - alpha , IL - 1beta , and IL - 6 perfusing the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "intra - abdominal abscess", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 50]}, {"entity": "abscess wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "portal venous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 221]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [311, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These , in turn , induce localized production of IL - 6 and fibrinogen mRNAs in cells at the central vein area with resultant outflow fibrosis and increased inflammatory cell sequestration within the liver lobular sinuses .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "central vein area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "inflammatory cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 174]}, {"entity": "liver lobular sinuses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is associated with a generalized inflammatory response and intrahepatic portal sinusoid congestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also increased hepatocellular lipid deposition and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the cytokine production of the abscess wall itself appears to be a major mediator of the septic hepatic response .", "entity": [{"entity": "abscess wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "septic hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of tissue integration between polyester and polypropylene prostheses in the preperitoneal space .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "preperitoneal space", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue integration and implant characteristics of various biomaterials commonly used for inguinal hernia repair have not been studied extensively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "inguinal hernia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to compare behavior and tissue response between two new polyester prostheses and a commonly used polypropylene ( PP ) mesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polyester prostheses utilized were polyester flat ( PF ) and polyester soft three - dimensional ( PS ) ; the PP mesh utilized was Marlex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight randomly assigned 4 x 4 - cm2 pieces of two different meshes were fixed in the preperitoneal space with a centrally placed single suture .", "entity": [{"entity": "preperitoneal space", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gross evaluation included shrinkage and stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological evaluation included amount of fibrous and fat encapsulation , connective tissue , foreign - body reaction , neovascularization , hemorrhage , necrosis , and exudate .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "fat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "connective tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "exudate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluations were graded on a zero to four scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area and the area ratio were measured using a calibrated micrometer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PP mesh resulted in more fibrous encapsulation and stiffness than PF and PS prostheses .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PP also resulted in less connective tissue formation and foreign - body reaction than PF and PS prostheses .", "entity": [{"entity": "connective tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in fat encapsulation , necrosis , hemorrhage , or exudate between prostheses .", "entity": [{"entity": "fat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "exudate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both polyester prostheses ( PF and PS ) have better tissue integration than the PP mesh , as evidenced by the higher amount of connective tissue and lower extent of fibrous encapsulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "connective tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 144]}, {"entity": "fibrous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic targeting of the survivin pathway in cancer : initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis and suppression of tumor - associated angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Molecular antagonists of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin have shown promise as novel anticancer strategies for triggering tumor cell apoptosis , dysregulating mitotic progression , and inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical models .", "entity": [{"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [218, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , how survivin couples to the cell death machinery has remained elusive , and the relevant cellular targets of survivin antagonists have not been completely elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental Design : Human umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cells were infected with replication - deficient adenoviruses encoding survivin ( pAd - Survivin ) , green fluorescent protein ( pAd - GFP ) , or a phosphorylation - defective survivin Thr ( 34 ) - - > Ala ( pAd - T34A ) dominant negative mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "umbilical vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "dermal microvascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of wild - type or mutant survivin was investigated on capillary network stability , endothelial cell viability , and caspase activation in vitro and on kinetics of tumor growth and development of angiogenesis in a breast cancer xenograft model in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary network", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "breast cancer xenograft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell death pathway initiated by survivin targeting was mapped with respect to cytochrome c release , changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential , and apoptosome requirements using mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in Apaf - 1 or caspase - 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 143]}, {"entity": "embryonic fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Adenoviral transduction of endothelial cells with pAd - Survivin inhibited growth factor deprivation - or ceramide - induced apoptosis , reduced caspase - 3 and - 7 generation , and stabilized three - dimensional capillary networks in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "capillary networks", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , expression of pAd - T34A caused apoptosis in umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cells and resulted in caspase - 3 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "umbilical vein", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "dermal microvascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell death induced by survivin targeting exhibited the hallmarks of mitochondrial - dependent apoptosis with release of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and was suppressed in Apaf - 1 or caspase - 9 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 172]}, {"entity": "embryonic fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [244, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When injected in human breast cancer xenografts , pAd - T34A inhibited growth of established tumors and triggered tumor cell apoptosis in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer xenografts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 47]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was associated with a approximately 60 % reduction in tumor - derived blood vessels by quantitative morphometry of CD31 - stained tumor areas , and appearance of endothelial cell apoptosis by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Survivin functions as a novel upstream regulator of mitochondrial - dependent apoptosis , and molecular targeting of this pathway results in anticancer activity via a dual mechanism of induction of tumor cell apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integration of interferon - alpha / beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swift elimination of undesirable cells is an important feature in tumour suppression and immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumour suppressor p53 and interferon - alpha and - beta ( IFN - alpha / beta ) are essential for the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells and in antiviral immune responses , respectively , but little is known about their interrelationship .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "cancerous cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that transcription of the p53 gene is induced by IFN - alpha / beta , accompanied by an increase in p53 protein level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IFN - alpha / beta signalling itself does not activate p53 ; rather , it contributes to boosting p53 responses to stress signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show examples in which p53 gene induction by IFN - alpha / beta contributes to tumour suppression .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show that p53 is activated in virally infected cells to evoke an apoptotic response and that p53 is critical for antiviral defence of the host .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study reveals a hitherto unrecognized link between p53 and IFN - alpha / beta in tumour suppression and antiviral immunity , which may have therapeutic implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T140 analogs as CXCR4 antagonists identified as anti - metastatic agents in the treatment of breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A chemokine receptor , CXCR4 , and its endogenous ligand , stromal cell - derived factor - 1 ( SDF - 1 ) , have been recognized to be involved in the metastasis of several types of cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T140 analogs are peptidic CXCR4 antagonists composed of 14 amino acid residues that were previously developed as anti - HIV agents having inhibitory activity against HIV - entry through its co - receptor , CXCR4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report that these compounds effectively inhibited SDF - 1 - induced migration of human breast cancer cells ( MDA - MB - 231 ) , human leukemia T cells ( Sup - T1 ) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells at concentrations of 10 - 100 nM in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "MDA - MB - 231", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "leukemia T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 162]}, {"entity": "Sup - T1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "human umbilical vein endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , slow release administration by subcutaneous injection using an Alzet osmotic pump of a potent and bio - stable T140 analog , 4F - benzoyl - TN14003 , gave a partial , but statistically significant ( P < / = 0 . 05 ( t - test ) ) reduction in pulmonary metastasis of MDA - MB - 231 in SCID mice , even though no attempt was made to inhibit other important targets such as CCR7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "subcutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [256, 265]}, {"entity": "MDA - MB - 231", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that T140 analogs have potential use for cancer therapy , and that small molecular CXCR4 antagonists could potentially replace neutralizing antibodies as anti - metastatic agents for breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment effects on nigrostriatal projection integrity in partial 6 - OHDA lesions : comparison of L - DOPA and pramipexole .", "entity": [{"entity": "nigrostriatal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is controversy over potential effects of dopaminergic replacement therapies on the partially lesioned nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesioned nigrostriatal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated indirect ( levodopa , L - DOPA ) versus direct ( pramipexole , PRA ) dopaminergic treatment effects on nigrostriatal lesion severity as measured with vesicular monoamine transporter type - 2 ( VMAT2 ) binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "nigrostriatal lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior studies have shown that striatal VMAT2 density provides an objective estimate of dopaminergic neuronal integrity , without confounding effects of compensatory regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "striatal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "neuronal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial unilateral median forebrain bundle lesions were made by injection of 6 - hydroxydopamine in adult male Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "unilateral median forebrain bundle lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lesion severity was estimated using rotational behavior after injections of apomorphine and amphetamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were ranked and matched in pairs by rotation and assigned to receive either PRA ( 1 mg / kg / day ) or L - DOPA / benserazide ( 100 / 25 mg / kg / day ) ip via osmotic pump .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4 weeks of drug treatment , in vitro autoradiography was performed with [ ( 3 ) H ] methoxytetrabenazine to measure striatal VMAT2 binding density .", "entity": [{"entity": "striatal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lesion - to - intact VMAT2 density correlated with rotation in both treatment groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no treatment effect on VMAT2 expression in the partially lesioned striatum and thus no differential effect of indirect versus direct dopamimetic treatment on nigrostriatal integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesioned striatum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "nigrostriatal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides regulating leukocyte trafficking in normal and injured tissues , several chemokines may positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells by activating CCR1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCL16 induces dose - dependent random and directional migration of endothelial cells isolated from large vessels and liver capillaries without inducing their proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "liver capillaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also promotes endothelial differentiation into capillary - like structures in an in vitro assay and is angiogenic in the chick chorionallantoic membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "capillary - like structures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "chorionallantoic membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These angiogenic activities are neutralized by a specific antibody against CCL16 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The direct angiogenic activity of CCL16 is further amplified by its ability to prime endothelium to a mitogen signal induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A and to raise their basal production of CXCL8 and CCL2 , 2 other angiogenic chemokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BX471 ( R - N - [ 5 - chloro - 2 - [ 2 - [ 4 ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) methyl ] - 2 - methyl - 1 - piperazinyl ] - 2 - oxoethoxy ] phenyl ] urea hydrochloric acid salt ) , a CCR1 antagonist , inhibits angiogenic properties of CCL16 , whereas blocking of CCR8 or desensitizing CCR2 , which are both well known receptors for CCL16 , did not abolish endothelial activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [342, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCL16 may be specifically cross - linked to CCR1 expressed on endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largely restricted CCL16 expression in the liver suggests that this chemokine may play a role in hepatic vascular formation during development and in angiogenesis associated to hepatic diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "hepatic vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simvastatin induces apoptosis of B - CLL cells by activation of mitochondrial caspase 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - CLL cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is the most common leukemia in the western world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 56]}, {"entity": "CLL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite several advances in therapeutic options , the disease remains incurable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it was repeatedly demonstrated that statins , competitive inhibitors of 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl glutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG - CoA ) reductase , have antineoplastic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "antineoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore we aimed to study the effects of simvastatin ( Sim ) on malignant B cells derived from patients with CLL and mechanisms of action of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant B cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "CLL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Purified B - CLL cells from 15 patients were cultured either alone or with Sim at concentrations of 10 , 50 , and 100 microM .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - CLL cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viability , measured by the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases , was reduced significantly in the cells treated with Sim at 50 and 100 microM for 24 hours ( p < 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of apoptosis , as measured by annexin binding to exposed phosphatidylserine moieties , increased significantly in the treated cells at concentrations higher than 50 microM for 24 hours ( p < 0 . 003 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of necrosis , as measured by propidium iodide internalization , increased significantly after 24 hours exposure to Sim at 50 microM ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apoptotic cascade was studied by immunoblot analysis of caspases following Sim treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These showed cleavage of caspases 9 , 8 , and 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of the caspase inhibitor Z - VAD . fmk inhibited caspase 8 and 3 significantly but did not affect caspase 9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Exposure of clonal B lymphocytes from patients with CLL to simvastatin decreases viability significantly by the induction of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonal B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "CLL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apoptosis induced by Sim is probably initiated by the mitochondrial caspase 9 , which indirectly leads to activation of caspase 3 and 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutrophil function in chronic neutrophilic leukemia : defective respiratory burst in response to phorbol esters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "chronic neutrophilic leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 52]}, {"entity": "respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional analyses were performed on neutrophils isolated from 6 patients from two institutions who displayed features of chronic neutrophilic leukemia ( CNL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "chronic neutrophilic leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 152]}, {"entity": "CNL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These neutrophils demonstrated a consistent deficiency ( 44 + / - 8 % of control values ) in superoxide anion ( O2 - ) production in response to the phorbol ester , phorbol myristate acetate ( PMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O2 - production in response to chemotactic peptides was near normal ( 82 . 3 + / - 10 . 7 % of control values ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacterial killing was normal in the two patients studied , and chemotaxis was diminished in response to zymosan - activated plasma and to high concentrations of chemotactic peptides in the patients studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytosolic C kinase activity was decreased in one of the two patients studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that a deficient O2 - release in response to PMA is a hallmark of neutrophils in CNL and may provide a diagnostic indicator of this condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "CNL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ alkylation of cysteine residues in a hydrophobic membrane protein immobilized on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes by electroblotting prior to microsequence and amino acid analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For identification of cysteine residues on microsequence analysis it is crucial to derivatize the sulfhydryl groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reaction requires a desalting step which often represents a major obstacle , especially if the sample consists of limited amounts of a hydrophobic membrane protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alkylation procedure is described , allowing efficient derivatization ( greater than 90 % ) of cysteines and cystines even in low microgram quantities , as revealed by test analyses with lysozyme and a hydrophobic membrane protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified protein is recovered in high yields in a form suitable for both microsequence analysis and amino acid analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method involves electrophoretic desalting by miniaturized Tricine - sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in situ alkylation after electro - transfer onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precautions against NH2 - terminal blocking during sample preparations are provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general applicability of the method is illustrated by the structural characterization of the low abundance membrane receptor for human urokinase plasminogen activator .", "entity": [{"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of p - chlorophenylalanine on the pethidine - or methadone - induced decrease in locomotor activity of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Either pethidine HCl ( 50 mg / kg s . c . ) or methadone HCl ( 8 mg / kg s . c . ) produced a prominent decrease in locomotor activity of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of rats with p - chlorophenylalanine ( p - CPA , 320 mg / kg i . p . ) 48 h before the narcotic injection significantly antagonized the activity - decreasing effects of narcotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When rats pretreated with p - CPA were given 5 - hydroxytryptophan ( 75 mg / kg s . c . ) 30 min before narcotic administration , the activity - decreasing response to narcotics was restored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a decrease in locomotor activity induced in rats by either pethidine or methadone is probably mediated by serotonergic mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autocrine angiotensin system regulation of bovine aortic endothelial cell migration and plasminogen activator involves modulation of proto - oncogene pp60c - src expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "aortic endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid endothelial cell migration and inhibition of thrombosis are critical for the resolution of denudation injuries to the vessel wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 22]}, {"entity": "vessel wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the endothelial cell autocrine angiotensin system , with either the angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril or the angiotensin II receptor antagonist sar1 , ile8 - angiotensin II , leads to increased endothelial cell migration and urokinase - like plasminogen activator ( u - PA ) activity ( Bell , L . , and J . A . Madri . 1990 . Am . J . Pathol . 137 : 7 - 12 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [227, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the autocrine angiotensin system with the converting - enzyme inhibitor or the receptor antagonist also leads to increased expression of the proto - oncogene c - src : pp60c - src mRNA increased 7 - 11 - fold , c - src protein 3 - fold , and c - src kinase activity 2 - 3 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial cell expression of c - src was constitutively elevated after stable infection with a retroviral vector containing the c - src coding sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutively increased c - src kinase activity reconstituted the increases in migration and u - PA observed with angiotensin system interruption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisera to bovine u - PA blocked the increase in migration associated with increased c - src expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that increases in endothelial cell migration and plasminogen activator after angiotensin system inhibition are at least partially pp60c - src mediated .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated c - src expression with angiotensin system inhibition may act to enhance intimal wound closure and to reduce luminal thrombogenicity in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "intimal wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "luminal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of nitrite during UVA irradiation protects from apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrite occurs ubiquitously in biological fluids such as blood and sweat , representing an oxidation product of nitric oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological fluids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "sweat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrite has been associated with a variety of adverse effects such as mutagenicity , carcinogenesis , and toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , here we demonstrate that the presence of nitrite , but not nitrate , during irradiation of endothelial cells in culture exerts a potent and concentration - dependent protection against UVA - induced apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protection is half - maximal at a concentration of 3 mM , and complete rescue is observed at 10 mM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrite - mediated protection is mediated via inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a similar manner as seen with butylated hydroxytoluene , a known inhibitor of lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , nitrite - mediated protection is completely abolished by coincubation with the NO scavenger cPTIO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) spectroscopy or Faraday modulation spectroscopy , we directly prove UVA - induced NO formation in solutions containing nitrite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , evidence is presented that nitrite represents a protective agent against UVA - induced apoptosis due to photodecomposition of nitrite and subsequent formation of NO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of apoptosis in skeletal tissues : phosphate - mediated chick chondrocyte apoptosis is calcium dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "skeletal tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "chondrocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an earlier study , we have shown that Pi induced apoptosis of terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "chondrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To ascertain whether Ca2 + modulates Pi - induced cell death , we asked the following two questions : First , can we prevent Pi - induced apoptosis by removing Ca2 + from the culture medium ; alternatively , can we potentiate cell death by increasing the Ca2 + concentration ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [226, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , can we inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis by blocking Pi transport ?", "entity": [{"entity": "chondrocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also explored the mechanism of apoptosis by evaluating mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation in cells treated with the ion pair .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We noted that EDTA and EGTA blocked Pi - induced apoptosis in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While high levels of Ca2 + alone had little effect on chondrocyte viability , the cation enhanced Pi - dependent cell death and greatly increased Pi uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "chondrocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Pi transport was blocked , there was complete inhibition of cell killing .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process of cell death was characterized by mitochondrial hyperpolarization ; two hours following apoptogen treatment , there was a significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coincident with the changes in mitochondrial function , there was an increase in intracellular Ca2 + that was maintained throughout the experimental period .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A raised Ca2 + signal was observed in blebs at the cell membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "blebs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "cell membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we noted that , 75 minutes after treatment with the ion pair , there was a six - fold elevation in ROS levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increase declined to baseline values after three hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these observations , we suggest that , at the cartilage mineralization front , an elevation in local environmental Ca2 + and Pi concentrations modulates oxidative metabolism , and triggers apoptosis of terminally differentiated chondrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cartilage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "chondrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [237, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell type - specific regulation of angiogenic growth factor gene expression and induction of angiogenesis in nonischemic tissue by a constitutively active form of hypoxia - inducible factor 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding molecular mechanisms regulating angiogenesis may lead to novel therapies for ischemic disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia - inducible factor 1 ( HIF - 1 ) activates vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) gene expression in hypoxic / ischemic tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we demonstrate that exposure of primary cultures of cardiac and vascular cells to hypoxia or AdCA5 , an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF - 1alpha , modulates the expression of genes encoding the angiogenic factors angiopoietin - 1 ( ANGPT1 ) , ANGPT2 , placental growth factor , and platelet - derived growth factor - B .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "vascular cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss - of - function effects were also observed in HIF - 1alpha - null embryonic stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIF - 1alpha - null embryonic stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on the cell type , expression of ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 was either activated or repressed in response to hypoxia or AdCA5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cases , there was complete concordance between the effects of hypoxia and AdCA5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of AdCA5 into mouse eyes induced neovascularization in multiple capillary beds , including those not responsive to VEGF alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "capillary beds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of gene expression revealed increased expression of ANGPT1 , ANGPT2 , platelet - derived growth factor - B , placental growth factor , and VEGF mRNA in AdCA5 - injected eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "eyes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that HIF - 1 functions as a master regulator of angiogenesis by controlling the expression of multiple angiogenic growth factors and that adenovirus - mediated expression of a constitutively active form of HIF - 1alpha is sufficient to induce angiogenesis in nonischemic tissue of an adult animal .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [294, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential regulation of in vivo angiogenesis by angiotensin II receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin II ( ANG II ) , a key regulator of blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis , exerts mitogenic effects on endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "body fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore hypothesized that ANG II could be a mediator between homeostatic changes within the vascular perfusion bed and growth factor - driven angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular perfusion bed", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we applied the alginate implant angiogenesis model in mice with normal ANG II levels , elevated ANG II levels by transgenic overexpression of angiotensinogen ( AOGEN ) , or in AT2 receptor - deficient mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that a decrease in the amount of circulating ANG II by the angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril or the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan induced a stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis implying an inhibitory function of ANG II through the AT1 receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the strong increase of angiogenesis in AOGEN - transgenic mice compared with mice with normal ANG II levels suggests additional stimulatory activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed that the ANG II - induced stimulation of angiogenesis is linked to the AT2 receptor as an impaired induction of angiogenesis was obtained in AT2 receptor knockout mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide the first evidence that the AT2 receptor mediates a stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis and indicate that ANG II is a humoral regulator of peripheral angiogenesis involving two receptor subtypes with opposing actions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - like growth factor 1 receptor enhances invasion and induces resistance to apoptosis of colon cancer cells through the Akt / Bcl - x ( L ) pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colon cancer overexpresses insulin - like growth factor 1 ( IGF1 ) and insulin - like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1 - R ) , as compared with normal or adenomatous mucosa , and it has been postulated that colorectal cancer cells depend on the IGF1 / IGF1 - R pathway for their growth and progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "adenomatous mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [206, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , using the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 , we find that established HCT116 / IGF1 - R transfectants exhibit a more aggressive transformed phenotype than the parental cell line , as demonstrated by their higher proliferation rate in response to IGF1 , higher degree of anchorage - independent growth , resistance to serum deprivation - induced apoptosis , and higher migratory capability in a monolayer \" wounding assay . \" When injected into nude mice , HCT116 / IGF1 - R transfectants were highly invasive and produced distant metastases , whereas the parental cell did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer cell line HCT116", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 61]}, {"entity": "HCT116 / IGF1 - R transfectants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 120]}, {"entity": "parental cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 196]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [336, 341]}, {"entity": "monolayer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [413, 422]}, {"entity": "HCT116 / IGF1 - R transfectants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [475, 506]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [549, 559]}, {"entity": "parental cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [574, 587]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the overexpression of IGF1 - R in these cells was associated with IGF1 - R - induced activation of Akt and up - regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl - x ( L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that Akt pathway mediates IGF1 - R - induced Bcl - x ( L ) expression at transcriptional level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data demonstrate , for the first time , that IGF1 - R / Akt / Bcl - x ( L ) pathway may contribute to a more aggressive malignant phenotype , in a subset of colorectal cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of EphA2 and E - cadherin in colorectal cancer : correlation with cancer metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , overexpression of EphA2 , a member of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases , has been reported in several cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced expression of E - cadherin , an intercellular adhesion molecule of epithelial cells , has been reported to be associated with aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes in various cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "intercellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [187, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In epithelial cells , EphA2 and E - cadherin co - localize to sites of cell - cell contact , and it has been shown that E - cadherin regulates EphA2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "cell - cell contact", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the expression of the EphA2 and E - cadherin proteins and clinicopathological characteristics , with reference to the expression levels of both EphA2 and E - cadherin , in patients with colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [239, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed immunohistochemical staining of EphA2 and E - cadherin with EphA2 and E - cadherin monoclonal antibodies in samples from 194 primary lesions of colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "primary lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression level of EphA2 had a statistically significant relationship with liver metastasis , lymphatic vessel invasion and clinical stage ( p = 0 . 0477 , 0 . 0316 and 0 . 0467 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "lymphatic vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the positivity rate of EphA2 was significantly higher in primary lesions with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis ( p = 0 . 0014 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the expression level of E - cadherin had an inverse relationship with both differentiation level of the tumor and lymphatic vessel invasion ( p = 0 . 0430 and 0 . 0320 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "lymphatic vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a significant relationship between the expression of EphA2 and E - cadherin was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our study revealed that the overexpression of EphA2 protein in colorectal carcinoma tissue correlates closely with cancer progression and hematogenous and lymphogenous metastasis , suggesting that both EphA2 and E - cadherin may play an important role in tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal carcinoma tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 106]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [271, 276]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [291, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes of cefazolin versus ceftriaxone therapy in treating lower respiratory tract infections in adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "lower respiratory tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether choice of a first - versus third - generation cephalosporin as initial therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults affects the course and duration of care , both of which may influence antimicrobial treatment cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "lower respiratory tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retrospective analysis of discharge abstracts and hospital pharmacy records .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - eight US acute - care hospitals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One thousand ninety - two hospitalized adults ( aged > 17 y ) with principal diagnoses of lower respiratory tract infections ( DRGs 79 - 80 , 89 - 90 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lower respiratory tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTIONS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cefazolin or ceftriaxone , given as sole antimicrobial therapy for at least one day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1 ) The number of patients who received another parenteral antibiotic anytime prior to hospital discharge ; ( 2 ) the number of days during which patients received any parenteral antibiotic while in the hospital ; and ( 3 ) the number of days patients remained hospitalized following the start of antibiotic therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients treated with cefazolin ( n = 763 ) were more likely to receive another parenteral antibiotic while in the hospital ( 30 . 3 vs . 20 . 7 percent ; p < 0 . 001 ) and received more total days of therapy ( 7 . 2 vs . 6 . 7 d ; p < 0 . 05 ) than those treated with ceftriaxone ( n = 329 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the time to hospital discharge did not differ in the full sample ( 9 . 2 d for both groups ) , it was greater among those receiving cefazolin ( 8 . 6 vs . 8 . 0 d ; p < 0 . 05 ) when patients with lengths of stay exceeding 24 days were excluded from both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to acquisition cost , differences in course and duration of care should be considered when determining the most cost - effective choice for antimicrobial therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear translocation of a clusterin isoform is associated with induction of anoikis in SV40 - immortalized human prostate epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "prostate epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clusterin gene expression is potently induced in experimental models in which apoptosis is activated , such as rat prostate involution following castration .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , its precise physiological role has not yet been established , and both anti - apoptotic and pro - apoptotic functions have been suggested for this gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clusterin expression level depends on cell proliferation state , and we recently showed that its over - expression inhibited cell cycle progression of SV40 - immortalized human prostate epithelial cells PNT2 and PNT1a .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "prostate epithelial cells PNT2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 207]}, {"entity": "PNT1a", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we studied clusterin expression in PNT1a cells subjected to serum - starvation with the aim of defining clusterin early molecular changes following apoptosis induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNT1a cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under serum - starvation conditions , decreased growth rate , slow rounding - up of cells , cell detachment , and formation of apoptotic bodies indicative of anoikis ( detachment - induced apoptosis ) were preceded by significant downregulation of 70 kDa clusterin precursor and upregulation of 45 - 40 kDa isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "apoptotic bodies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the 8th day of serum - free culturing , only the higher molecular weight protein - band of about 45 kDa was clearly induced and accumulated in detached cells and apoptotic bodies in which PARP was activated .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "apoptotic bodies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anoikis was preceded by induction and transloction of a 45 - kDa clusterin isoform to the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , nuclear targeting of a specific 45 - kDa isoform of clusterin appeared to be an early and specific molecular signal triggering anoikis - death .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering also that clusterin is downregulated during prostate cancer onset and progression , and that its upregulation has inhibited DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression of immortalized human prostate epithelial cells , we suggest that clusterin might be a new anti - oncogene in the prostate .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "prostate epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 224]}, {"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [291, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of expression of CYR61 and CTGF are prognostic for tumor progression and survival of individuals with gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological properties of CCN proteins include stimulation of cell proliferation , migration , and adhesion , as well as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We quantified CYR61 , CTGF , WISP - 1 , and NOV mRNA expression levels in samples from sixty - six primary gliomas and five normal brain samples using quantitative real - time PCR assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "primary gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "brain samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis was performed to explore the links between expression of the CCN genes and clinical and pathological parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of CYR61 , CTGF , WISP - 1 , and NOV occurred in 48 % ( 32 of 66 ) , 58 % ( 38 of 66 ) , 36 % ( 24 of 66 ) , and 15 % ( 10 of 66 ) of primary gliomas , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , significant associations were found between CYR61 expression versus tumor grade , pathology , gender , and age at diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , a significant correlation existed between CTGF mRNA levels versus tumor grade , gender , and pathology .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to CYR61 and CTGF , no significant association was found between expression of either WISP - 1 or NOV versus any of the pathological features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Cox regression analysis showed that CYR61 and CTGF expression had a significant correlation with patient survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that CYR61 and CTGF may play a role in the progression of gliomas ; their levels at diagnosis may have prognostic significance ; and these proteins might serve as valuable targets for therapeutic intervention .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting wide - range oncogenic transformation via PU24FCl , a specific inhibitor of tumor Hsp90 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agents that inhibit Hsp90 function hold significant promise in cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we present PU24FCl , a representative of the first class of designed Hsp90 inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By specifically and potently inhibiting tumor Hsp90 , PU24FCl exhibits wide - ranging anti - cancer activities that occur at similar doses in all tested tumor types .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal cells are 10 - to 50 - fold more resistant to these effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its Hsp90 inhibition results in multiple anti - tumor - specific effects , such as degradation of Hsp90 - client proteins involved in cell growth , survival , and specific transformation , inhibition of cancer cell growth , delay of cell cycle progression , induction of morphological and functional changes , and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 214]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In concordance with its higher affinity for tumor Hsp90 , in vivo PU24FCl accumulates in tumors while being rapidly cleared from normal tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations achieved in vivo in tumors lead to single - agent anti - tumor activity at non - toxic doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential proteomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line metastasis - associated proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The comparative study of differentially expression of protein profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with various metastasic potential and screening key molecules related to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and recurrence .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 119]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Using two - dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry ( LC - ESI - MS / MS ) , we analyzed differentially displayed proteomics of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B , MHCC97L , MHCC97H with different metastasic potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 252]}, {"entity": "MHCC97L", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [255, 262]}, {"entity": "MHCC97H", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [265, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Approximate 1 , 000 protein spots were detected on silver - stained gel by ImageMaster ( 977 + / - 113 spots in Hep3B , 1092 + / - 40 in MHCC97L , and 889 + / - 14 in MHCC97H ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hep3B", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "MHCC97L", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "MHCC97H", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty distinct different protein spots were analyzed with online LC - ESI - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 26 protein spots had a positive result , including annexin1 , S100A4 , and so on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison with nonmetastasis Hep3B cell lines , there were 16 proteins overexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L , 10 proteins underexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hep3B cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "MHCC97H", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "MHCC97L", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "MHCC97H", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "MHCC97L", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Applying cell immunohistochemistry and RT - PCR , we further validated two interesting and different proteins , annexin1 and S100A4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The protein profile of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines displayed obvious differences compared with non - metastatic liver cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 82]}, {"entity": "non - metastatic liver cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results imply that various different proteins may lead to HCC metastasis together .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical implication of expression of cyclooxygenase - 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated - receptor gamma in epithelial ovarian tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial ovarian tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of cyclooxygenase ( COX ) - 2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and development and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma ) has been implicated in the control of COX - 2 expression in some tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to investigate ( 1 ) whether expression of COX - 2 and PPARgamma is associated with ovarian carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian tumours and ( 2 ) whether COX - 2 expression is controlled through ligand - mediated activation of PPARgamma in ovarian carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "ovarian tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 166]}, {"entity": "ovarian carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [271, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , the presence of COX - 2 and PPARgamma was immunohistochemically examined in 71 epithelial ovarian carcinomas , 18 borderline tumours and 23 benign tumours and the levels of COX - 2 and PPARgamma proteins were determined by enzyme immunoassay in four benign tumours , three borderline tumours and 12 carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial ovarian carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 127]}, {"entity": "borderline tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 151]}, {"entity": "benign tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "benign tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [269, 283]}, {"entity": "borderline tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [292, 310]}, {"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [318, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of COX - 2 and PPARgamma detection was significantly increased and decreased as lesions progressed to carcinoma , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The COX - 2 protein was not detected in the three borderline tumours , whereas PPARgamma protein was detected in all of them .", "entity": [{"entity": "borderline tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COX - 2 protein was detected in eight of the 12 carcinomas , whereas PPARgamma protein was detected in only two cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , PPARgamma protein was not detected in all of the eight carcinomas in which COX - 2 protein was detected , suggesting that expression of PPARgamma and COX - 2 was in a reciprocal relationship .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in cultured ovarian carcinoma cells , Western blot revealed that PPARgamma and COX - 2 expression was regulated conversely as a result of stimulation by 15 - deoxy - Delta ( 12 , 14 ) PGJ ( 2 ) ( 15 - PGJ ( 2 ) ) , a PPARgamma activator .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , 15d - PGJ ( 2 ) suppressed tumour necrosis factor - alpha - induced - COX - 2 expression , confirming the reciprocal correlation between COX - 2 and PPARgamma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From these results , it was suggested that PPARgamma activation might suppress COX - 2 expression via the nuclear factor - kappaB pathway in the ovarian carcinoma cells and that low expression of PPARgamma and high expression of COX - 2 might be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 168]}, {"entity": "ovarian tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [292, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is there an upper limit of intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury if cerebral perfusion pressure is maintained ?", "entity": [{"entity": "intracranial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors of recent studies have championed the importance of maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure ( CPP ) to prevent secondary brain injury following traumatic head injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from these studies have provided little information regarding outcome following severe head injury in patients with an intracranial pressure ( ICP ) greater than 40 mm Hg , however , in July 1997 the authors instituted a protocol for the management of severe head injury in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score lower than 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "intracranial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [264, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protocol was focused on resuscitation from acidosis , maintenance of a CPP greater than 60 mm Hg through whatever means necessary as well as elevation of the head of the bed , mannitol infusion , and ventriculostomy with cerebrospinal fluid drainage for control of ICP .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebrospinal fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the institution of this protocol , nine patients had a sustained ICP greater than 40 mm Hg for 2 or more hours , and five of these had an ICP greater than 75 mm Hg on insertion of the ICP monitor and later experienced herniation and expired within 24 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the severe nature of the injuries demonstrated on computerized tomography scans and their physical examinations , these patients were not aggressively treated under this protocol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors vigorously attempted to maintain a CPP greater than 60 mm Hg with intensive fluid resuscitation and the administration of pressor agents in the four remaining patients who had developed an ICP higher than 40 mm Hg after placement of the ICP monitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients had an episodic ICP greater than 40 mm Hg for more than 36 hours , the third patient had an episodic ICP greater than of 50 mm Hg for more than 36 hours , and the fourth patient had an episodic ICP greater than 50 mm Hg for more than 48 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On discharge , all four patients were able to perform normal activities of daily living with minimal assistance and experience ongoing improvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from this preliminary study indicate that intense , aggressive management of CPP can lead to good neurological outcomes despite extremely high ICP .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggressive CPP therapy should be performed and maintained even though apparently lethal ICP levels may be present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further study is needed to support these encouraging results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly recognized syndrome with heminasal aplasia and ocular anomalies or wider spectrum of heminasal aplasia / atypical clefting syndrome ?", "entity": [{"entity": "ocular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on five unrelated Brazilian patients with heminasal aplasia associated with diverses anomalies , including lateral proboscis , and anomalies of the eye and first branchial arch .", "entity": [{"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 161]}, {"entity": "branchial arch", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that these patients represent different conditions within the spectrum of the heminasal aplasia malformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical , genetic , and differential diagnosis are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of osteopontin in adhesion , migration , cell survival and bone remodeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteopontin ( OPN ) is a secreted adhesive glycophosphoprotein expressed by several cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is normally produced in bone , teeth , kidney and epithelial lining tissues and is found in plasma and breast milk .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "teeth", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "kidney", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "epithelial lining tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 78]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "breast milk", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is involved in a number of physiologic and pathologic events including angiogenesis , apoptosis , inflammation , wound healing and tumor metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review focus will be on OPN in bone and its role in adhesion , migration and cell survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aspects of OPN biology are important in tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurologic diagnosis and treatment in patients with computed tomography and nasal endoscopy negative facial pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurologic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nasal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "facial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the helpfulness of specialist neurology referral for patients with facial pain , a normal sinus computed tomography ( CT ) scan , and normal nasal endoscopy findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "facial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "nasal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY DESIGN :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospective identification of patients and analysis of data approved by the Institutional Review Board .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data of 104 consecutive patients presenting with facial pain , a normal sinus CT scan , and normal nasal endoscopy findings were reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "facial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "nasal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients presented to a single rhinologist in a tertiary care institution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were referred for specialist neurologic evaluation and potential treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurologic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further information was obtained from a patient survey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 104 patients , 81 were women and 23 were men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average age was 46 years ( range , 22 - 85 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - six had clear CT scans , 48 had minimal change , and all had negative endoscopies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - nine had previous unsuccessful sinus surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average follow - up period was 10 . 5 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty of 75 patients seeing a neurologist were seen on multiple occasions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four percent of patients seen by a neurologist had an unsuspected serious intracranial diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracranial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common diagnoses were migraine ( 37 % ) , rebound headache ( 17 % ) , chronic daily headache ( 17 % ) , and obstructive sleep apnea ( 16 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 58 % improved on medical therapy ; 60 % of those with a clear CT scan improved , and 53 % of those with minimal change on CT scan improved ( P = . 749 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Facial pain remains a difficult symptom to diagnose and treat in rhinologic practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Facial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients often undergo surgery without help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most patients with facial pain , a normal sinus CT scan , and normal endoscopy findings benefit from neurologic consultation .", "entity": [{"entity": "facial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "neurologic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serious intracranial pathologic conditions can be excluded and diagnosis - specific pharmacogenetic therapy instituted with improvement in more than 50 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracranial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen metabolism has an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) produced in the course of cellular oxidative phosphorylation , and by activated phagocytic cells during oxidative bursts , exceed the physiological buffering capacity and result in oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "phagocytic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The excessive production of ROS can damage protein , lipids , nucleic acids , and matrix components .", "entity": [{"entity": "matrix components", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also serve as important intracellular signaling molecules that amplify the synovial inflammatory - proliferative response .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "synovial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation associated with changes in synovial perfusion are postulated to activate hypoxia - inducible factor - 1alpha and nuclear factor - kappaB , two key transcription factors that are regulated by changes in cellular oxygenation and cytokine stimulation , and that in turn orchestrate the expression of a spectrum of genes critical to the persistence of synovitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "synovial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [249, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An understanding of the complex interactions involved in these pathways might allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid receptor - induced MAPK phosphatase - 1 ( MPK - 1 ) expression inhibits paclitaxel - associated MAPK activation and contributes to breast cancer cell survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) activation has recently been shown to inhibit apoptosis in breast epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously described a group of genes that is rapidly up - regulated in these cells following dexamethasone ( Dex ) treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to dissect the mechanisms of GR - mediated breast epithelial cell survival , we now examine the molecular events downstream of GR activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast epithelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that GR activation leads to both the rapid induction of MAPK phosphatase - 1 ( MKP - 1 ) mRNA and its sustained expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of the MKP - 1 protein in the MCF10A - Myc and MDA - MB - 231 breast epithelial cell lines was also seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCF10A - Myc", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "MDA - MB - 231 breast epithelial cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel treatment resulted in MAPK activation and apoptosis of MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells , and both processes were inhibited by Dex pretreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , induction of MKP - 1 correlated with the inhibition of extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK1 / 2 ) and c - Jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) activity , whereas p38 activity was minimally affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blocking Dex - induced MKP - 1 induction using small interfering RNA increased ERK1 / 2 and JNK phosphorylation and decreased cell survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ERK1 / 2 and JNK inactivation was associated with Ets - like transcription factor - 1 ( ELK - 1 ) dephosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the gene expression changes that occur downstream of ELK - 1 dephosphorylation , we used a combination of temporal gene expression data and promoter element analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach revealed a previously unrecognized transcriptional target of ELK - 1 , the human tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We verified the predicted ELK - 1 - - > tPA transcriptional regulatory relationship using a luciferase reporter assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that GR - mediated MAPK inactivation contributes to cell survival and that the potential transcriptional targets of this inhibition can be identified from large scale gene array analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBX21 : a functional variant predicts improvement in asthma with the use of inhaled corticosteroids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBX21 encodes for the transcription factor T - bet ( T - box expressed in T cells ) , which influences naive T lymphocyte development and has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "T lymphocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , the T - bet knockout mouse spontaneously develops airway hyperresponsiveness and other changes consistent with asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because airway responsiveness is moderated by the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma , it is conceivable that genetic variation in TBX21 may alter asthma phenotypes in a treatment - specific fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that the nonsynonymous variation in TBX21 coding for replacement of histidine 33 with glutamine is associated with significant improvement in the PC ( 20 ) ( a measure of airway responsiveness ) of asthmatic children in a large clinical trial spanning 4 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We note that this increase occurs only in the children randomized to inhaled corticosteroids and that it dramatically enhances the overall improvement in PC ( 20 ) associated with inhaled corticosteroid usage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average PC ( 20 ) at trial end for subjects on inhaled corticosteroids possessing a variant allele was in the normal range for nonasthmatics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cellular models , we show that the TBX21 variant increases T helper 1 and decreases T helper 2 cytokine expression comparably with wild type .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "T helper 1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "T helper 2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBX21 may thus be an important determinant pharmacogenetic response to the therapy of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigating the causes of low birth weight in contrasting ovine paradigms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ) still accounts for a large incidence of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the circulatory and transport properties of the sheep placenta are similar to those of the human placenta and as such , the pregnant sheep offers an excellent model in which to study the development of IUGR .", "entity": [{"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two natural models of ovine IUGR are those of hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy , and adolescent overfeeding , also during pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both models yield significantly reduced placental weights and an asymmetrically growth - restricted fetus , and display altered maternal hormone concentrations , indicative of an impaired trophoblast capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "fetus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "trophoblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , impaired placental angiogenesis and uteroplacental blood flow appears to be an early defect in both the hyperthermic and adolescent paradigms .", "entity": [{"entity": "placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "uteroplacental blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of these alterations in placental functional development appear to be irreversible .", "entity": [{"entity": "placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IUGR fetuses are both hypoxic and hypoglycaemic , and have reduced insulin and insulin - like growth factor - 1 ( IGF - 1 ) , and elevated concentrations of lactate .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetuses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , fetal utilization of oxygen and glucose , on a weight basis , remain constant compared with control pregnancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maintained utilization of these substrates , in a substrate - deficient environment , suggests increased sensitivities to metabolic signals , which may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases in later adult life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 mutation heterogeneity in cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p53 gene is inactivated in about 50 % of human cancers and the p53 protein is an essential component of the cell response induced by genotoxic stresses such as those generated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore highly likely that these alterations are an important component in tumor resistance to therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The particular characteristics of these alterations , 80 % of which are missense mutations leading to functionally heterogeneous proteins , make p53 a unique gene in the class of tumor suppressor genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A considerable number of mutant p53 proteins probably have an oncogenic activity per se and therefore actively participate in cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact that the apoptotic and antiproliferative functions of p53 can be dissociated in certain mutants also suggests another level of complexity in the relationships between p53 inactivation and neoplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sox9 neural crest determinant gene controls patterning and closure of the posterior frontal cranial suture .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural crest", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "posterior frontal cranial suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cranial suture development involves a complex interaction of genes and tissues derived from neural crest cells ( NCC ) and paraxial mesoderm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cranial suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "neural crest cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "NCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "paraxial mesoderm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mice , the posterior frontal ( PF ) suture closes during the first month of life while other sutures remain patent throughout the life of the animal .", "entity": [{"entity": "posterior frontal ( PF ) suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 45]}, {"entity": "sutures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the unique NCC origin of PF suture complex ( analogous to metopic suture in humans ) , we performed quantitative real - time PCR and immunohistochemistry to study the expression pattern of the NCC determinant gene Sox9 and select markers of extracellular matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "metopic suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "NCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [247, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated a unique up - regulated expression of Sox9 , a regulator of chondrogenesis , during initiation of PF suture closure , along with the expression of specific cartilage markers ( Type II Collagen and Type X Collagen ) , as well as cartilage tissue formation in the PF suture .", "entity": [{"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "cartilage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "cartilage tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [250, 266]}, {"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [284, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process was followed by expression of bone markers ( Type I Collagen and Osteocalcin ) , suggesting endochondral ossification .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we studied the effect of haploinsufficiency of the NCC determinant gene Sox9 in the NCC derived PF suture complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "NCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decrease in dosage of Sox9 by haploinsufficiency in NCC - derived tissues resulted in delayed PF suture closure .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCC - derived tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 75]}, {"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate a unique development of the PF suture complex and the role of Sox9 as an important contributor to timely and proper closure of the PF suture through endochondral ossification .", "entity": [{"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "PF suture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Randomized , open label , prospective study on the effect of zoledronic acid on the prevention of bone metastases in patients with recurrent solid tumors that did not present with bone metastases at baseline .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Bisphosphonates have been used successfully in the treatment of hypercalcemia and to reduce skeletal - related complications of bone metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "skeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggest that they may also have direct antitumor effects via induction of apoptosis , inhibition of the invasive potential of tumor cell lines in vitro , inhibition of angiogenesis , and reduction in tumor growth indirectly via effects on accessory cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "tumor cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [237, 242]}, {"entity": "accessory cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [276, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a randomized , open label , prospective study that examined the effect of preventive zoledronic acid treatment on the development of bone metastases in patients with recurrent solid tumors , without bone metastases at the time of randomization .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Forty patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced cancer , without bone metastases , were randomized into the trial to either receive zoledronic acid or no treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic advanced cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were followed up until bone metastases were established .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The percentage of patients being bone metastases free at 12 mo was 60 % in the zoledronic acid and 10 % in the control group ( p less than 0 . 0005 ) , while the percentages at 18 mo were 20 % and 5 % respectively ( p = 0 . 0002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The results have shown that bisphosphonates as adjuvant treatment might be useful for the prevention of bone metastases ; however , there is need for blinded randomized data before such an approach would be confirmed .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the meantime preventive use of bisphosphonates in patients without any bone metastases should not be used outside the scope of a clinical trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental investigation of equibiaxial extension and breakup of drops in a molten two - phase polymer blend .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We experimentally investigate the breakup of an equibiaxially elongated polystyrene ( PS ) drop in a poly ( methyl methacrylate ) ( PMMA ) matrix during relaxation after melt elongation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In equibiaxial elongation , the initially spherical PS drop is deformed into an ellipsoidal disclike shape for our test parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a hotstage in combination with a light microscope , we observe the evolution of the drop shape during relaxation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the initial stage of relaxation , fingers and holes are formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The holes are located preferentially near the rim of the drop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number and the size of the holes increase with time such that the elongated PS drop attains a complex shape during relaxation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fingers form bulbous ends which separate from the fingers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the dynamics of this breakup process by taking into account the interfacial energy between PS and PMMA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis shows that a very large number of small PS droplets can be generated by the sequential breakup of the elongated PS drop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Management of extremity trauma and related infections occurring in the aquatic environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wounds sustained in oceans , lakes , and streams are exposed to a milieu of bacteria rarely encountered in typical land - based injuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include Vibrio species , Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas and Plesiomonas species , Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae , Mycobacterium marinum , and other microbes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Failure to recognize and treat these less common pathogens in a timely manner may result in significant morbidity or death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial antibiotic therapy should address common gram - positive and gram - negative aquatic bacteria , depending on the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trauma occurring in brackish or salt water should be treated with doxycycline and ceftazidime , or a fluoroquinolone ( eg , ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freshwater wounds should be managed with ciprofloxacin , levofloxacin , or a third - or fourth - generation cephalosporin ( eg , ceftazidime ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injuries sustained in a marine or freshwater environment may result from bites or venomous stings of aquatic organisms as well as from accidental trauma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Musculoskeletal trauma caused by venomous underwater species ( eg , stingrays , stinging fish , sea urchins , and coral ) requires immediate neutralization of the heat - labile toxin with immersion in nonscalding water for 30 to 90 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Musculoskeletal trauma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appropriate management of aquatic wounds requires recognition of the mechanism of injury , neutralization of venom , antibiotic administration , radiographic assessment , surgical debridement with irrigation , wound cultures , and structural repair or amputation as indicated by the severity of the injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "venom", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired coronary collateral vessel development in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary collateral vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Diabetic patients have been reported to have impaired coronary collateral vessel growth , although they have excessive neovascularization in the retina .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary collateral vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 93]}, {"entity": "retina", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HYPOTHESIS : This study was designed to compare coronary collateral circulation ( CCC ) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) with that in patients without DR .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary collateral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Ninety diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion in at least one major epicardial coronary artery were enrolled in the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "epicardial coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 48 patients without DR and 42 patients with PDR , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary collateral circulation ( CCC ) was analyzed according to the Rentrop system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coronary collateral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each group was also divided into two subgroups according to poor and good CCC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) levels were measured using the enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) kit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The mean Rentrop collateral score was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 ( 2 . 39 + / - 1 . 07 vs . 1 . 76 + / - 0 . 76 , respectively , p less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the two groups were compared with respect to poor and good CCC , poor CCC was higher in patients with PDR ( 64 vs . 36 % , respectively , p = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum VEGF levels were higher in patients with PDR than in those without DR ( 219 + / - 99 vs . 139 + / - 98 pg / ml , p less than 0 . 001 ) ; however , patients with poor and good CCC had similar VEGF levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : We have shown that patients with PDR have a lower coronary collateral score than patients without DR .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary collateral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , serum VEGF was significantly higher in patients with PDR than in those without DR .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings have suggested that diabetes mellitus may have a different action on retinal and coronary circulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGFR1 - positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre - metastatic niche .", "entity": [{"entity": "VEGFR1 - positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a tumour cell undergoes metastasis to a predetermined location are largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "tumour cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that bone marrow - derived haematopoietic progenitor cells that express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ( VEGFR1 ; also known as Flt1 ) home to tumour - specific pre - metastatic sites and form cellular clusters before the arrival of tumour cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow - derived haematopoietic progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 78]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "pre - metastatic sites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 218]}, {"entity": "cellular clusters", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [228, 245]}, {"entity": "tumour cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [268, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventing VEGFR1 function using antibodies or by the removal of VEGFR1 ( + ) cells from the bone marrow of wild - type mice abrogates the formation of these pre - metastatic clusters and prevents tumour metastasis , whereas reconstitution with selected Id3 ( inhibitor of differentiation 3 ) - competent VEGFR1 + cells establishes cluster formation and tumour metastasis in Id3 knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "VEGFR1 ( + ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "pre - metastatic clusters", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 183]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 203]}, {"entity": "VEGFR1 + cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [305, 319]}, {"entity": "cluster", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [332, 339]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [354, 360]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that VEGFR1 + cells express VLA - 4 ( also known as integrin alpha4beta1 ) , and that tumour - specific growth factors upregulate fibronectin - - a VLA - 4 ligand - - in resident fibroblasts , providing a permissive niche for incoming tumour cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "VEGFR1 + cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 203]}, {"entity": "tumour cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [248, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditioned media obtained from distinct tumour types with unique patterns of metastatic spread redirected fibronectin expression and cluster formation , thereby transforming the metastatic profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "cluster", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate a requirement for VEGFR1 + haematopoietic progenitors in the regulation of metastasis , and suggest that expression patterns of fibronectin and VEGFR1 + VLA - 4 + clusters dictate organ - specific tumour spread .", "entity": [{"entity": "VEGFR1 + haematopoietic progenitors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 80]}, {"entity": "VEGFR1 + VLA - 4 + clusters", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 198]}, {"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 212]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Kaposi ' s sarcoma - associated herpesvirus G protein - coupled receptor as a therapeutic target for the treatment of Kaposi ' s sarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Kaposi ' s sarcoma - associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) encodes a G protein - coupled receptor ( vGPCR ) that has been implicated in the initiation of Kaposi ' s sarcoma , identifying vGPCR as an attractive target for preventing Kaposi ' s sarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , as only a fraction of cells in advanced Kaposi ' s sarcoma lesions express vGPCR , it is unclear whether this unique viral oncogene contributes to Kaposi ' s sarcoma progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 76]}, {"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore set out to determine whether the few cells that express vGPCR in established tumors represent an appropriate therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with preexisting Kaposi ' s sarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , we generated endothelial cell lines stably expressing vGPCR or key KSHV latently expressed proteins ( vCyclin , vFlip , and LANA1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endothelial cell line expressing vGPCR was rendered sensitive to treatment with the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir by using a bicistronic construct coexpressing the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . c . injection into nude mice with mixed - cell populations formed tumors that approximate the ratio of vGPCR - expressing and KSHV latent gene - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mixed - cell populations", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 62]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mice were then treated with ganciclovir to specifically target only the vGPCR - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , despite the expression of KSHV latent genes in the vast majority of tumor cells , specifically targeting only the few vGPCR - expressing cells in established tumors resulted in tumor regression .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we observed an increase in apoptosis of latent gene - expressing cells after the pharmacologic deletion of the vGPCR - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that vGPCR may play a key role in Kaposi ' s sarcoma progression and provide experimental justification for developing molecular - based therapies specifically targeting vGPCR and its effectors for the treatment of Kaposi ' s sarcoma patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [239, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of pericyte recruitment in tumour angiogenesis : a new role for metalloproteinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pericytes occur in tumour blood vessels and are critical for the development of a functional vascular network .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pericytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "tumour blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 39]}, {"entity": "vascular network", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting tumour pericytes is a promising anti - angiogenic therapy but requires identifying the mechanisms of their recruitment in tumour and addressing whether these mechanisms can be selectively harnessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour pericytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the pathways involved in pericyte recruitment during embryonic development , the contribution of platelet - derived growth factor B and sphingosine 1 - phosphate is confirmed in tumour angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of angiopoietin 1 depends on the tumour model .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming growth factor - beta1 enhances tumour vascularization and microvessel maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent reports suggest a participation of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) in tumour pericyte recruitment that is consistent with the effect of certain MMPs in the development of microvasculature in embryonic development and in in vitro models of vascular remodelling .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "microvasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 196]}, {"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 209]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [248, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we discuss the possibility for MMPs to contribute to pericyte recruitment at six levels : ( 1 ) direct promotion of pericyte invasion by extracellular matrix degradation ; ( 2 ) stimulation of pericyte proliferation and protection against apoptosis by modification of the ECM ; ( 3 ) activation of pericytes through the release of growth factor bound to the ECM ; ( 4 ) transactivation of angiogenic cell surface receptor ; ( 5 ) propagation of angiogenic signalling as cofactor ; and ( 6 ) recruitment of bone marrow - derived stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 164]}, {"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [279, 282]}, {"entity": "pericytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [305, 314]}, {"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [365, 368]}, {"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [407, 419]}, {"entity": "bone marrow - derived stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [513, 545]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in radiocontrast - induced renal tubular cell injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal tubular cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reported previously that various radiocontrast media cause apoptosis in porcine proximal tubular ( LLC - PK ( 1 ) ) cells , in which reduction in B - cell lymphoma ( Bcl ) - 2 expression and caspase - 3 activation are implicated .", "entity": [{"entity": "proximal tubular ( LLC - PK ( 1 ) ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated a role for ceramide in radiocontrast media - induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal tubular cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LLC - PK ( 1 ) cells were exposed to radiocontrast media for 30 min , followed by incubation for 24 h in normal medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "LLC - PK ( 1 ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell viability was assessed by 2 - ( 2 - methoxy - 4 - nitrophenyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - nitrophenyl ) - 5 - ( 2 , 4 - disulfophenyl ) - 2H - tetrazolium monosodium salt assay , while apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - mediated dUTP nick end labeling stain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescent stains were performed using antibodies against phosphorylated Akt ( pAkt ) and cAMP response element binding protein ( CREB ) ( pCREB ) , and ceramide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA expression and protein content of Bcl - 2 were determined by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo model of contrast - induced renal injury was induced in mice with unilateral renal occlusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "renal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell injury induced by the nonionic radiocontrast medium ioversol was reversed by inhibiting de novo ceramide synthesis with fumonisin B ( 1 ) ( FB ( 1 ) ) and L - cycloserine , but not by suppressing sphingomyelin breakdown with D609 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FB ( 1 ) reversed ioversol - induced decrease in the immunoreactivities of pAkt and pCREB , reduction in Bcl - 2 expression and caspase - 3 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like ioversol , C2 ceramide and the Akt inhibitor Src homology - 6 induced apoptosis by reducing pAkt and pCREB - like immunoreactivities , lowering Bcl - 2 expression and enhancing caspase - 3 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , various radiocontrast media , excluding iodixanol which showed the least nephrotoxicity , enhanced ceramide - like immunoreactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role for de novo ceramide synthesis was also shown in the in vivo model of radiocontrast nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated here for the first time that the enhancement of de novo ceramide synthesis contributes to radiocontrast nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitization to gimatecan - induced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor - related apoptosis inducing ligand in prostate carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the intrinsic resistance of prostate carcinoma likely reflects a low susceptibility to drug - induced apoptosis , in this study we explored the possibility of sensitizing prostate carcinoma cells to apoptosis by combination of TRAIL with camptothecins .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "prostate carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , these agents are known to activate different pathways of apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topotecan - and gimatecan induced moderate up - regulation of TRAIL - R1 and - R2 which resulted in a different cell response to the combination in androgen - independent cells ( DU - 145 and PC - 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "DU - 145", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "PC - 3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In DU - 145 cells apoptosis was increased by lower TRAIL concentrations and was earlier than in PC - 3 cells , as shown using Annexin V - binding assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "DU - 145 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "PC - 3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative resistance of PC - 3 cells to drug - induced apoptosis was associated with constitutive Akt activation , higher levels of cFLIP - L and Bcl - 2 , and lower levels of Bax .", "entity": [{"entity": "PC - 3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The different expression / activation of apoptosis - related factors appears to influence the sensitization of prostate carcinoma cells by TRAIL .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentiation of camptothecin - induced apoptosis by TRAIL appears dependent on cooperation between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways , as documented by loss of the sensitization to apoptosis following reduction of caspase 8 after small interfering RNA transfection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficacy of the approach may be critically dependent on the intrinsic susceptibility to apoptosis of different tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations support that the activation of multiple signals could enhance apoptotic response and suggest the therapeutic interest of the TRAIL / camptothecin combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c - Met expression is regulated by Mitf in the melanocyte lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanocyte lineage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) / c - Met signaling is thought to be a key pathway in both melanocyte development and melanoma metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , HGF stimulation of melanocytes was seen to up - regulate c - Met expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to decipher the mechanism by which HGF up - regulates its receptor , we found that c - Met is a direct transcriptional target of Mitf .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments of the human c - Met promoter , as well as by the ability of adenovirally expressed Mitf to modulate endogenous c - Met protein levels in melanocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "melanocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of Mitf blocked HGF - dependent increases in endogenous c - Met message and protein levels , indicating that HGF regulates its own receptor levels via Mitf .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , dominant - negative inhibition of Mitf resulted in profound resistance of melanocytes and melanoma cells to HGF - dependent matrix invasion , suggesting a physiologic role for this pathway in melanocytic development and melanoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "melanoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "melanocytic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 213]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting PIM kinases impairs survival of hematopoietic cells transformed by kinase inhibitor - sensitive and kinase inhibitor - resistant forms of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 and BCR / ABL .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have shown that activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ) plays an essential role in leukemogenesis mediated through constitutive activated protein tyrosine kinases ( PTK ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because PIM - 1 is a STAT5 target gene , we analyzed the role of the family of PIM serine / threonine kinases ( PIM - 1 to PIM - 3 ) in PTK - mediated transformation of hematopoietic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ba / F3 cells transformed to growth factor independence by various oncogenic PTKs ( TEL / JAK2 , TEL / TRKC , TEL / ABL , BCR / ABL , FLT3 - ITD , and H4 / PDGFbetaR ) show abundant expression of PIM - 1 and PIM - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba / F3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of PIM - 1 activity had a negligible effect on transformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , expression of kinase - dead PIM - 2 mutant ( PIM - 2KD ) led to a rapid decline of survival in Ba / F3 cells transformed by FLT3 - ITD but not by other oncogenic PTKs tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba / F3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of PIM - 1KD and PIM - 2KD abrogated growth factor - independent growth of Ba / F3 transformed by several PTKs , including BCR / ABL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba / F3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted down - regulation of PIM - 2 by RNA interference ( RNAi ) selectively abrogated survival of Ba / F3 cells transformed by various Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 ( FLT3 ) - activating mutants [ internal tandem duplication ( ITD ) and kinase domain ] and attenuated growth of human cell lines containing FLT3 mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba / F3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [286, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , cells transformed by FLT3 and BCR / ABL mutations that confer resistance to small - molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors were still sensitive to knockdown of PIM - 2 , or PIM - 1 and PIM - 2 by RNAi .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our observations indicate that combined inactivation of PIM - 1 and PIM - 2 interferes with oncogenic PTKs and suggest that PIMs are alternative therapeutic targets in PTK - mediated leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting the PIM kinase family could provide a new avenue to overcome resistance against small - molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A potential role for the Src - like adapter protein SLAP - 2 in signaling by the colony stimulating factor - 1 receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of macrophages from myeloid progenitor cells is primarily controlled by the growth factor colony stimulating factor - 1 ( CSF - 1 ) and its cognate receptor , a transmembrane tyrosine kinase encoded by the c - Fms proto - oncogene .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "myeloid progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 60]}, {"entity": "transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CSF - 1 receptor exerts its biological effects on cells via a range of signaling proteins including Erk1 / 2 and Akt .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have investigated the potential involvement of the Src - like adapter protein ( SLAP - 2 ) in signaling by the CSF - 1 receptor in mouse bone marrow - derived macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RT - PCR analysis revealed constitutive expression of the SLAP - 2 gene in bone marrow macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , co - immunoprecipitation and GST binding experiments demonstrated that the CSF - 1 receptor could bind to SLAP - 2 in a ligand - independent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the binding of SLAP - 2 to the CSF - 1 receptor involved multiple domains of SLAP - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLAP - 2 also bound c - Cbl , with the interaction being mediated , at least in part , by the unique C - terminal domain of SLAP - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of SLAP - 2 in bone marrow macrophages partially suppressed the CSF - 1 - induced tyrosine phosphorylation and / or expression level of a approximately 80 kDa protein without affecting CSF - 1 - induced global tyrosine phosphorylation , or activation of Akt or Erk1 / 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly , CSF - 1 stimulation induced serine phosphorylation of SLAP - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacologic inhibition of specific protein kinases revealed that CSF - 1 - induced phosphorylation of SLAP - 2 was dependent on JNK activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our results suggest that SLAP - 2 could potentially be involved in signaling by the CSF - 1 receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic localization of mitochondrial ATP synthase : a target for anti - angiogenesis intervention ?", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A receptor for angiostatin was identified on the surface of endothelial cells as F ( 1 ) - F ( 0 ) ATP synthase ( Moser et al . , 1999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natl .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U . S . A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "96 , 2811 - 2816 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ectopic ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis and is inhibited by angiostatin over a wide pH range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial cells grown at normal pH suffer no ill effects from this angiostatin - mediated inhibition of ATP synthase , whereas endothelial cells grown at low , tumor - like extracellular pH cannot maintain a normal intracellular pH and die .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 146]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "extracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 188]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiostatin inhibits both ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis ( Moser et al . , 2001 ) and interferes with intracellular pH regulation ( Wahl and Grant , 2002 ; Wahl et al . , 2002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although angiostatin administered intravenously is cleared from the circulation in a matter of minutes , angiostatin - mimetics that are more stable have potential for clinical application .", "entity": [{"entity": "intravenously", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An angiostatin - mimetic activity has recently been observed using a polyclonal antibody against the beta catalytic subunit of ATP synthase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to explore the mechanism of action of angiostatin and its mimetics , further work needs to be done to evaluate clinical applicability , specificity , and contraindications for this class of therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis B virus integration event in human chromosome 17p near the p53 gene identifies the region of the chromosome commonly deleted in virus - positive hepatocellular carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17p", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "virus - positive hepatocellular carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) presumably occurs in multiple steps and is influenced by numerous factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) is strongly associated with the development of HCC in people chronically infected with the virus , but the mechanism of viral involvement remains unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One possibility is that the gross chromosomal alterations frequently observed in HCC DNA at the site of HBV integration may alter the expression of important nearby cellular genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported the cloning and characterization of a HBV insert from a Chinese HCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The viral insert mapped to chromosome 17p11 . 2 - 12 , and cellular sequences were duplicated at the site of viral integration .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17p11 . 2 - 12", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 52]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study a DNA probe derived from cellular DNA sequences adjacent to the previously characterized HBV insert was used to analyze a set of 19 matched normal liver and HBV - positive hepatoma samples obtained from the same region of China , near Shanghai .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "hepatoma samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor - specific DNA changes were detected in two additional HCCs , suggesting that the small region of chromosome 17p defined by the flanking cell DNA probe is commonly altered in hepatomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "HCCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "chromosome 17p", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "hepatomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restriction fragment length polymorphism studies demonstrated that the loss of one copy of portions of chromosome 17 occurred in 10 ( 53 % ) of the 19 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss of one allele of the p53 gene ( located on chromosome 17p13 ) occurred in at least 6 ( 60 % ) of the 10 patients who were heterozygous at the p53 locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17p13", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the p53 gene is known to possess tumor suppressor activity , the functional loss of this gene may be a significant step in the development of a subset of HCCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "HCCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High levels of allele loss also were detected for chromosomes 8q ( 4 of 9 ; 44 % ) and 16p ( 5 of 6 ; 83 % ) and may indicate the presence of additional cellular genes whose functional loss is important in the development of HCCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomes 8q", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "16p", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "HCCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prostate - specific membrane antigen regulates angiogenesis by modulating integrin signal transduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transmembrane peptidase prostate - specific membrane antigen ( PSMA ) is universally upregulated in the vasculature of solid tumors , but its functional role in tumor angiogenesis has not been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that angiogenesis is severely impaired in PSMA - null animals and that this angiogenic defect occurs at the level of endothelial cell invasion through the extracellular matrix barrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix barrier", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix is a critical component of endothelial invasion in angiogenesis , it is logical to assume that PSMA participates in matrix degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 59]}, {"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we demonstrate a novel and more complex role for PSMA in angiogenesis , where it is a principal component of a regulatory loop that is tightly modulating laminin - specific integrin signaling and GTPase - dependent , p21 - activated kinase 1 ( PAK - 1 ) activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that PSMA inhibition , knockdown , or deficiency decreases endothelial cell invasion in vitro via integrin and PAK , thus abrogating angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the neutralization of beta ( 1 ) or the inactivation of PAK increases PSMA activity , suggesting that they negatively regulate PSMA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This negative regulation is mediated by the cytoskeleton as the disruption of interactions between the PSMA cytoplasmic tail and the anchor protein filamin A decreases PSMA activity , integrin function , and PAK activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoskeleton", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "cytoplasmic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the inhibition of PAK activation enhances the PSMA / filamin A interaction and , thus , boosts PSMA activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data imply that PSMA participates in an autoregulatory loop , wherein active PSMA facilitates integrin signaling and PAK activation , leading to both productive invasion and downregulation of integrin beta ( 1 ) signaling via reduced PSMA activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we have identified a novel role for PSMA as a true molecular interface , integrating both extracellular and intracellular signals during angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin immobilized porous PLGA microspheres for angiogenic growth factor delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Heparin immobilized porous poly ( D , L - lactic - co - glycolic acid ) ( PLGA ) microspheres were prepared for sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) to induce angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Porous PLGA microspheres having primary amine groups on the surface were prepared using an oil - in - water ( O / W ) single emulsion method using Pluronic F - 127 as an extractable porogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin was surface immobilized via covalent conjugation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bFGF was loaded into the heparin functionalized ( PLGA - heparin ) microspheres by a simple dipping method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bFGF loaded PLGA - heparin microspheres were tested for in vitro release and in vivo angiogenic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : PLGA microspheres with an open - porous structure were formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of conjugated amine group onto the microspheres was 1 . 93 + / - 0 . 01 nmol / mg - microspheres , while the amount of heparin was 95 . 8 pmol / mg - microspheres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLGA - heparin microspheres released out bFGF in a more sustained manner with a smaller extent of initial burst than PLGA microspheres , indicating that surface immobilized heparin controlled the release rate of bFGF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subcutaneous implantation of bFGF loaded PLGA - heparin microspheres in mice significantly induced the formation of new vascular microvessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subcutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "vascular microvessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : PLGA microspheres with an open porous structure allowed significant amount of heparin immobilization and bFGF loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bFGF loaded PLGA - HP microspheres showed sustained release profiles of bFGF in vitro , demonstrating reversible and specific binding of bFGF to immobilized heparin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also induced local angiogenesis in vivo in an animal model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of syndecans in disease and wound healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syndecans are a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans widely expressed in both developing and adult tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "developing", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "adult tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until recently , their role in pathogenesis was largely unexplored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we discuss the reported involvement of syndecans in human cancers , infectious diseases , obesity , wound healing and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some cancers , syndecan expression has been shown to regulate tumor cell function ( e . g . proliferation , adhesion , and motility ) and serve as a prognostic marker for tumor progression and patient survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ectodomains and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains of syndecans can also act as receptors / co - receptors for some bacterial and viral pathogens , mediating infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , syndecans bind to obesity - related factors and regulate their signaling , in turn modulating food consumption and weight balance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo animal models of tissue injury and in vitro data also implicate syndecans in processes necessary for wound healing , including fibroblast and endothelial proliferation , cell motility , angiogenesis , and extracellular matrix organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "fibroblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These new insights into the involvement of syndecans in disease and tissue repair coupled with the emergence of syndecan - specific molecular tools may lead to novel therapies for a variety of human diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of the genetic code suggested by the hydropathy correlation between anticodons and amino acid residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation between hydropathies of anticodons and amino acids , detected by other authors utilizing scales of amino acid molecules in solution , was improved with the utilization of scales of amino acid residues in proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three partitions were discerned in the correlation plot with the principal dinucleotides of anticodons ( pDiN , excluding the wobble position ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( a ) The set of outliers of the correlation : Gly - CC , Pro - GG , Ser - GA and Ser - CU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino acids are consistently small , hydro - apathetic , stabilizers of protein N - ends , preferred in aperiodic protein conformations and belong to synthetases class II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pDiN sequences are representative of the homogeneous sector ( triplets NRR and NYY ) , distinguished from the mixed sector ( triplets NRY and NYR ) , that depict a 70 % correspondence to the synthetases class II and I , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The triplet pairs proposed to be responsible for the coherence in the set of outliers are of the palindromic kind , where the lateral bases are the same , CCC : GGG and AGA : UCU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that UCU previously belonged to Ser , adding to other indications that the attribution of Arg to YCU was due to an expansion of the Arg - tRNA synthetase specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other attributions produced two correlation sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( b ) One corresponds to the remaining pDiN of the homogeneous sector , containing both synthetase classes ; its regression line overlapped the one formed by the remaining attributions to class II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( c ) The other contains the pDiN of the mixed sector and produced steeper slopes , especially with the class I attributions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that the correlation was established when the amino acid composition of the protein synthetases became progressively enriched and that the set of outliers were the earliest to have been fixed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C / EBPbeta is over - expressed in gastric carcinogenesis and is associated with COX - 2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein beta ( C / EBPbeta ) transcription factor has been associated with several cancer models .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the expression of C / EBPbeta was analysed in a series of 90 gastric carcinomas ( GCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "GCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also assessed the effect of C / EBPbeta on COX - 2 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal gastric mucosa , C / EBPbeta expression was restricted to cells in the proliferative zone .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric mucosa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "zone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In intestinal metaplasia , dysplasia , and GC of the intestinal and atypical subtypes , C / EBPbeta was over - expressed ( p < 0 . 0001 , for the association with histological type ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal metaplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 24]}, {"entity": "dysplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "GC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C / EBPbeta and Ki67 , a marker of cell proliferation , were also co - expressed in primary GC .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "primary GC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed an overlap between C / EBPbeta and COX - 2 expression in GC .", "entity": [{"entity": "GC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using GC cell lines we show that C / EBPbeta can regulate the expression of endogenous COX - 2 and transactivate the promoter of the COX - 2 gene , depending on its methylation status .", "entity": [{"entity": "GC cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that C / EBPbeta may be a marker of neoplastic transformation and also play an active role in gastric tumourigenesis by regulating COX - 2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "gastric", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra ( Linn ) in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra ( GG ) root powder were examined in hypercholesterolaemic male albino rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "root", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 4 - week administration of GG root powder ( 5 and 10 gm % in diet ) to hypercholesterolaemic rats resulted in significant reduction in plasma , hepatic total lipids , cholesterol , triglycerides and plasma low - density lipoprotein and VLDL - cholesterol accompanied by significant increases in HDL - cholesterol levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "root", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , significant increases in fecal cholesterol , neutral sterols and bile acid excretion along with an increase in hepatic HMG - CoA reductase activity and bile acid production were observed in these animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "fecal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "bile", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "bile", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The root powder administration to hypercholesterolaemic rats also decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase activities and total ascorbic acid content .", "entity": [{"entity": "root", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of GG root appeared to be mediated via ( i ) accelerated cholesterol , neutral sterol and bile acid elimination through fecal matter with an increased hepatic bile acid production and ( ii ) improving the activities of hepatic SOD , catalase and increasing the ascorbic acid content .", "entity": [{"entity": "root", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "bile", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "fecal matter", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 188]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 214]}, {"entity": "bile", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 219]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [275, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The normo - cholesterolaemic animals when fed with GG root powder at 10 gm % level , registered a significant decline in plasma lipid profiles and an increase in HDL - cholesterol content .", "entity": [{"entity": "root", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant status of these animals also was improved upon treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multicentre study on peri - and postoperative central venous oxygen saturation in high - risk surgical patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "central venous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low central venous oxygen saturation ( ScvO2 ) has been associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in high - risk surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "central venous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether this association is centre - specific or more generalisable is not known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to assess the association between peri - and postoperative ScvO2 and outcome in high - risk surgical patients in a multicentre setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three large European university hospitals ( two in Finland , one in Switzerland ) participated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 60 patients with intra - abdominal surgery lasting more than 90 minutes , the presence of at least two of Shoemaker ' s criteria , and ASA ( American Society of Anesthesiologists ) class greater than 2 , ScvO2 was determined preoperatively and at two hour intervals during the operation until 12 hours postoperatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "abdominal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hospital length of stay ( LOS ) mortality , and predefined postoperative complications were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The age of the patients was 72 + / - 10 years ( mean + / - standard deviation ) , and simplified acute physiology score ( SAPS II ) was 32 + / - 12 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hospital LOS was 10 . 5 ( 8 to 14 ) days , and 28 - day hospital mortality was 10 . 0 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preoperative ScvO2 decreased from 77 % + / - 10 % to 70 % + / - 11 % ( p < 0 . 001 ) immediately after surgery and remained unchanged 12 hours later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 67 postoperative complications were recorded in 32 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After multivariate analysis , mean ScvO2 value ( odds ratio [ OR ] 1 . 23 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1 . 01 to 1 . 50 ] , p = 0 . 037 ) , hospital LOS ( OR 0 . 75 [ 95 % CI 0 . 59 to 0 . 94 ] , p = 0 . 012 ) , and SAPS II ( OR 0 . 90 [ 95 % CI 0 . 82 to 0 . 99 ] , p = 0 . 029 ) were independently associated with postoperative complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal value of mean ScvO2 to discriminate between patients who did or did not develop complications was 73 % ( sensitivity 72 % , specificity 61 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low ScvO2 perioperatively is related to increased risk of postoperative complications in high - risk surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This warrants trials with goal - directed therapy using ScvO2 as a target in high - risk surgery patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysophosphatidic acid downregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases , which are negatively involved in lysophosphatidic acid - induced cell invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ) levels are elevated in ascites from ovarian cancer patients , but its potential role in ovarian cancer metastasis has just begun to be revealed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ascites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we show that LPA stimulates invasion of primary ovarian cancer cells , but not ovarian epithelial or borderline ovarian tumor cells , although these benign cells indeed respond to LPA in cell migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary ovarian cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 83]}, {"entity": "ovarian epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "borderline ovarian tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 146]}, {"entity": "benign cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found that LPA downregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( TIMPs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIMP2 and TIMP3 play functional role in LPA - induced invasion as negative regulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G ( i ) protein , phosphatidylinositol - 3 kinase ( PI3K ) , p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) , cytosolic phospholipase A ( 2 ) and urokinase type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) are required for LPA - induced cells invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytosolic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIMP3 may affect two independent downstream targets , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and p38 MAPK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , LPA stimulates tumor metastasis in an orthotopic ovarian tumor model , which can be inhibited by a PI3K inhibitor , LY294002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "ovarian tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , LPA is likely a key component for promoting ovarian metastasis in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPA downregulates TIMP3 , which may have targets other than metalloproteinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our in vivo metastasis mouse model is useful for studying the efficacy of therapeutic regimes of ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesion of type CIN2 et CIN3 with laser CO2 vaporization : retrospective study of 52 cases ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous intraepithelial lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was carried out over an 8 - year period in order to evaluate the long - term effectiveness of laser CO2 vaporization in the treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesion of type CIN2 and CIN3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous intraepithelial lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective study of 52 cases of cervical lesions of type CIN2 and CIN3 treated in first intention by laser CO2 vaporization was carried out at the hospital Jeanne - de - Flandre in CHRU of Lille from 1996 to 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This treatment was performed on only high - grade exo - cervical lesions , of small size ( < 2cm2 ) , after a complete colposcopic examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "high - grade exo - cervical lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - two patients were treated by first - intention laser vaporization only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean age was 29 . 4 years and 51 . 9 % were nulliparous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the first cyto - colposcopic control , there were 17 persistent lesions ( 32 . 7 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the 35 patients without persistent lesion , 29 achieved cure ( absence of recurrence ) , 4 presented a recurrence and 2 were lost to follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current data of the literature concerning the treatment by laser CO2 vaporization authorize application of this method for certain high - grade exocervical lesions after a complete colposcopic examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "high - grade exocervical lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of treatment remains less aggressive than a surgical treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high rate of residual lesions in particular in the event of CIN3 can be due to an incomplete destruction of the lesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients should thus be advised that monitoring is an integral part of the treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser vaporization could be limited to CIN1 and CIN2 lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of the fibrinolytic and matrix metalloproteinase systems in development of adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "adipose tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obesity is a common disorder and related diseases such as diabetes , atherosclerosis , hypertension , cardiovascular disease and cancer are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western - type societies .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of obesity is associated with extensive modifications in adipose tissue involving adipogenesis , angiogenesis and extracellular matrix proteolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "adipose tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fibrinolytic ( plasminogen / plasmin ) and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) systems cooperate in these processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nutritionally induced obesity model in transgenic mice has been used extensively to study the role of the fibrinolytic and MMP systems in the development of obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies support a role of both systems in adipogenesis and obesity ; the role of specific members of these families , however , remains to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant human prothrombin kringle - 2 inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasis through inhibition of neovascularization and reduction of matrix metalloproteinase expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "B16F10 melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis , a multi - step process which involves endothelial cell proliferation , adhesion , migration , and basement membrane ( BM ) degradation , is essential for tumor metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "basement membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "BM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that recombinant human prothrombin kringle - 2 ( rk - 2 ) inhibited bovine capillary endothelial cell migration with an IC ( 50 ) ( concentration for half maximal inhibition ) of 38 nM and inhibited adhesion to extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 114]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 244]}, {"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [247, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because tumor metastasis requires angiogenesis , we examined whether rk - 2 could inhibit metastases induced by injection of B16F10 melanoma cells into mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "B16F10 melanoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that the metastatic tumors in mouse lung were markedly decreased in a dose - dependent manner and acute lung injury induced by B16F10 melanoma metastasis was diminished by systemic rk - 2 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "B16F10 melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In immunohistochemical analysis , rk - 2 reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor , which is a potent angiogenic activator and neovascularization in the mouse lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , rk - 2 diminished the expression of matrix metalloproteinase - 2 and - 9 in the mouse lung which induces tumor metastasis and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that inhibition of B16F10 melanoma metastasis by rk - 2 was caused by inhibition of neovascularization and reduction of matrix metalloproteinase expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "B16F10 melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular matrix as a bioactive material for soft tissue reconstruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "soft tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracellular matrix ( ECM ) directs all phases of healing following trauma or disease and is therefore a natural source of prosthetic mesh material that can be used strategically to induce the repair and restoration of soft tissues following surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "soft tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomaterials such as Surgisis ( Cook Biotech Incorporated , West Lafayette , IN , USA ) , which are derived from natural ECM , provide the extracellular components necessary to direct the healing response , allow for the proliferation of new , healthy tissue and restore tissue integrity to the damaged site .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "extracellular components", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 163]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [252, 258]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [271, 277]}, {"entity": "site", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [303, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 - D organization of these extracellular components distinguishes the Surgisis mesh from synthetic materials and is associated with constructive tissue remodelling instead of scar tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular components", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 56]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "scar tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common features of this ECM - assisted tissue remodelling include angiogenesis , recruitment of circulating progenitor cells and constructive remodelling of damaged tissue structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tissue response to this biologic mesh is discussed in the context of recent reports on clinical hernia repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "hernia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Segmental atrial contraction in patients restored to sinus rhythm after cardioversion for chronic atrial fibrillation : a colour Doppler tissue imaging study .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is little known about segmental atrial function in patients with atrial arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated segmental atrial contractility using colour Doppler tissue imaging ( CDTI ) in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation ( CAF ) who were successfully restored and maintained in sinus rhythm ( SR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the segmental atrial contractility in 39 CAF patients who were successfully cardioverted and maintained in SR for 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow up echocardiograms were performed at baseline , 1 week , 1 month and 6 months and compared to a normal age matched cohort ( n = 34 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using CDTI , mean peak velocities of atrial contraction were measured from annular , mid and superior segments of lateral and septal walls of the left atrium and right atrium in the apical four - chamber view .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "annular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "mid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "superior segments", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "lateral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "septal walls", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "left atrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "right atrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 174]}, {"entity": "chamber", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Segmental velocities from the posterior and anterior walls of the left atrium were measured from the apical two - chamber view .", "entity": [{"entity": "posterior", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "anterior walls", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "left atrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "chamber", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Segmental left atrial velocities improved over time in the CAF group , with the majority of the recovery occurring in the first month , but failed to normalise even at 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "left atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , the right atrial velocities in the AF group had normalised at 1 month .", "entity": [{"entity": "right atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with CAF have persistent segmental left atrial dysfunction even 6 months after restoration and maintenance of SR , though right atrial velocities appear to normalise .", "entity": [{"entity": "left atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "right atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This differential recovery indicates that left atrial function remains subnormal in patients with CAF despite maintenance of SR , suggesting underlying atrial myopathy or fibrosis as a consequence of CAF .", "entity": [{"entity": "left atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "atrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Study on the expression of angiogenesis and spontaneous apoptosis and their relevance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma ]", "entity": [{"entity": "laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To investigate the relationship among angiogenesis , spontaneous apoptosis and clinicopathological parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma ( LSCC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 158]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : The intratumor microvessel density ( IMVD ) , apoptotic index ( AI ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry SABC and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) methods in34 LSCC patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumor microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULT : The average IMVD was ( 21 . 50 + / - 8 . 87 ) , and median of AI was 1 . 15 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average IMVD in positive and negative cervical lymphatic metastasis was ( 26 . 33 + / - 9 . 70 ) and ( 17 . 68 + / - 6 . 06 ) respectively , and the IMVD with positive lymphatic metastasis tumors was statistical significantly higher than those with negative cervical lymphatic metastasis tumors ( P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical lymphatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "lymphatic metastasis tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 199]}, {"entity": "cervical lymphatic metastasis tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [262, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average IMVD had statistical difference in histological grading ( P less than 0 . 01 ) , and analysis by one to one , the average IMVD had statistical difference between high and median grading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of VEGF had a significantly positive correlation with IMVD ( r = 0 . 51 , P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis revealed a significantly inverse correlation between AI and IMVD ( r = - 0 . 53 , P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We failed to find the statistical difference between IMVD and tumor T - stage in LSCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : IMVD may be an important indicator to predict cervical lymphatic metastasis in LSCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical lymphatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF might be an important angiogenic factor , and could promote tumor angiogenesis in LSCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor angiogenesis might contribute to tumor malignant progression by inhibiting spontaneous apoptosis in LSCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "LSCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva : case report and literature review ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "right coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "left sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the case of a patient in whom evaluation of effort angina revealed a tight stenosis of a right coronary artery anomalously arising from the left sinus of Valsalva , which was successfully treated by stent implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "right coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "left sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abnormal origin of the right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus coursing between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is a rare congenital anomaly .", "entity": [{"entity": "right coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "left aortic sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "pulmonary trunk", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may remain asymptomatic , but can also cause major cardiac events , even in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the clinical importance of this anomaly and review the literature concerning current views and therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cancer cell ' s \" power plants \" as promising therapeutic targets : an overview .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This introductory article to the review series entitled \" The Cancer Cell ' s Power Plants as Promising Therapeutic Targets \" is written while more than 20 million people suffer from cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer Cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It summarizes strategies to destroy or prevent cancers by targeting their energy production factories , i . e . , \" power plants . \" All nucleated animal / human cells have two types of power plants , i . e . , systems that make the \" high energy \" compound ATP from ADP and P ( i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One type is \" glycolysis , \" the other the \" mitochondria . \" In contrast to most normal cells where the mitochondria are the major ATP producers ( > 90 % ) in fueling growth , human cancers detected via Positron Emission Tomography ( PET ) rely on both types of power plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In such cancers , glycolysis may contribute nearly half the ATP even in the presence of oxygen ( \" Warburg effect \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based solely on cell energetics , this presents a challenge to identify curative agents that destroy only cancer cells as they must destroy both of their power plants causing \" necrotic cell death \" and leave normal cells alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [186, 190]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One such agent , 3 - bromopyruvate ( 3 - BrPA ) , a lactic acid analog , has been shown to inhibit both glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production in rapidly growing cancers ( Ko et al . , Cancer Letts . , 173 , 83 - 91 , 2001 ) , leave normal cells alone , and eradicate advanced cancers ( 19 of 19 ) in a rodent model ( Ko et al . , Biochem . Biophys . Res . Commun . , 324 , 269 - 275 , 2004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [245, 250]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [282, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second approach is to induce only cancer cells to undergo \" apoptotic cell death . \" Here , mitochondria release cell death inducing factors ( e . g . , cytochrome c ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a third approach , cancer cells are induced to die by both apoptotic and necrotic events .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , much effort is being focused on identifying agents that induce \" necrotic , \" \" apoptotic \" or apoptotic plus necrotic cell death only in cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regardless how death is inflicted , every cancer cell must die , be it fast or slow .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of eprosartan in human plasma and urine by LC / MS / MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A protein precipitation , liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry ( LC / MS / MS ) method has been developed and validated for the determination of eprosartan in human plasma and urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 183]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solvent system also served as a protein precipitation reagent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromatographic separation was achieved on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column ( 50 mmx2 . 0 mm , 5 microm , Shiseido ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mobile phase was consisted of 0 . 5 % formic acid in water and 0 . 5 % formic acid in acetonitrile ( 72 : 28 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a Sciex API3000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The standard curves , which ranged from 5 to 2000 ng / mL in human plasma and from 0 . 25 to 50 microg / mL in urine , were fitted to a 1 / x weighted quadratic regression model .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method proved to be accurate , specific and sensitive enough to be successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathological animal models in the experimental evaluation of tumour microvasculature with magnetic resonance imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour microvasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applications of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , and in particular , dynamic contrast - enhanced MRI ( DCE - MRI ) , in the assessment of tumour microvasculature by means of animal tumour models evaluated before and after antiangiogenic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour microvasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [198, 221]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Forty - two MRI exams were performed with intravascular contrast media in 21 rats : tumours were induced by subcutaneous injection of colon carcinoma cells in 7 rats and mammary adenocarcinoma cells in 14 rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "intravascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "subcutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "colon carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 179]}, {"entity": "mammary adenocarcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [194, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfusion and permeability parameters of the implanted tumours were evaluated by using two contrast media ( B22956 / 1 and Gd - DTPA37 - albumin ) to establish response to treatment with two different antiangiogenic drugs ( tamoxifen and SU6668 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These parameters were correlated with histology to obtain a radiological - histological map of tumour microvasculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour microvasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : DCE - MRI revealed greater enhancement in the peripheral area than in the central area in all the examined animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "central area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mammary carcinoma experiment , vascular permeability measured by means of B22956 / 1 in the animals treated with the antiangiogenic drug ( 0 . 0043317 + / - 0 . 0040418 ml / min ( - 1 ) / ml ( - 1 ) ) was significantly less than in untreated animals ( 0 . 0090460 + / - 0 . 0043680 ml / min ( - 1 ) / ml ( - 1 ) ) , whereas no significant difference was observed with Gd - DTPA - albumin ( 13 . 14 + / - 13 . 94 ml / min ( - 1 ) / ml ( - 1 ) in treated animals and 18 . 07 + / - 11 . 92 ml / min ( - 1 ) / ml ( - 1 ) in untreated animals ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammary carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the colon carcinoma experiment , mean permeability and perfusion decreased by 51 % ( from 5 . 2 + / - 1 . 1 to 2 . 5 + / - 0 . 8 ml / 100 ml ) and 59 % ( from 0 . 00165 + / - 5 . 1 to 0 . 0067 + / - 4 . 8 ml / min ( - 1 ) / ml ( - 1 ) of tissue ) , respectively , in all animals after antiangiogenic drug administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : DCE - MRI permits a noninvasive evaluation of tumour microcirculation and in particular of its dynamic characteristics and vascularity before and after antiangiogenic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Synthetic fragments of the NS1 protein of the tick - borne encephalitis virus exhibiting a protective effect ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentially immunoactive regions of the NS1 nonstructural protein of the tick - borne encephalitis virus that can stimulate the antibody formation in vivo and protect animals from this disease were chosen on the basis of theoretical calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eleven 16 - to 27 - aa peptides containing the chosen regions were synthesized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of the free peptides ( without any high - molecular - mass carrier ) to stimulate the production of antipeptide antibodies in mice of three lines and ensure the formation of protective immunity was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these peptides were shown to exhibit the immunogenic activity in a free state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five fragments that can protect mice from the infection by a lethal dose of tick - borne encephalitis virus were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis in the caprine caruncles in non - pregnant and pregnant normal and swainsonine - treated does .", "entity": [{"entity": "caruncles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microvascular corrosion casts of caruncles from non - pregnant and pregnant doe goats at 4 , 7 , 10 , 13 , 16 , and 18 weeks were examined with scanning electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microvascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "caruncles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The internal convex surface of the caruncles of non - pregnant does was covered with capillary meshes of regular diameter and form , without crypts .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "caruncles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "capillary meshes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "crypts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As pregnancy advanced the complexity of the vasculature increased : at 4 weeks the surface showed a pattern of ridges separated by troughs .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At later stages , branches of radial arteries penetrated the periphery forming an extensive mesh of capillaries on the concave surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "branches", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "radial arteries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "capillaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capillary diameters increased significantly during pregnancy , especially after 4 weeks , when large flattened sinusoids formed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capillary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sinusoids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These sinusoids had a great deal of surface area for potential contact with the fetal component .", "entity": [{"entity": "sinusoids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The caprine placenta is usually considered to have increased interhemal distance compared with endotheliochorial and hemochorial types : our results suggest that the very extensive development of sinusoids and crypts may compensate for any negative consequences of the placental architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "placenta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "interhemal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "endotheliochorial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "hemochorial types", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "sinusoids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "crypts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 216]}, {"entity": "placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [269, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Placental angiogenesis , which is physiologically normal , may serve as a general model of this process in other circumstances , such as tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of swainsonine ( active compound of locoweed and a potential anticancer drug ) on vascular development showed no differences in sinusoidal diameters at 7 weeks , but a decrease in capillary density was noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "sinusoidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "capillary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swainsonine caused a great distortion to the vasculature at 18 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of this compound on the vascular development lend credibility to its potential as an anticancer agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma has a higher angiogenic activity than low - grade renal cell carcinoma based on histomorphological quantification and qRT - PCR mRNA expression profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "clear cell renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 44]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma ( CC - RCC ) is a highly vascularised tumour and is therefore an attractive disease to study angiogenesis and to test novel angiogenesis inhibitors in early clinical development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial cell proliferation plays a pivotal role in the process of angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to compare angiogenesis parameters in low nuclear grade ( n = 87 ) vs high nuclear grade CC - RCC ( n = 63 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A panel of antibodies was used for immunohistochemistry : CD34 / Ki - 67 , carbonic anhydrase IX , hypoxia - inducible factor - 1alpha ( HIF - 1alpha ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vessel density ( MVD - microvessel density ) , endothelial cell proliferation fraction ( ECP % ) and tumour cell proliferation fraction ( TCP % ) were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "tumour cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors were determined by quantitative RT - PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - grade CC - RCC showed a higher ECP % ( P = 0 . 049 ) , a higher TCP % ( P = 0 . 009 ) , a higher VEGF protein expression ( P less than 0 . 001 ) , a lower MVD ( P less than 0 . 001 ) and a lower HIF - 1alpha protein expression ( P = 0 . 002 ) than low - grade CC - RCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [267, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth factor mRNA expression analyses revealed a higher expression of angiopoietin 2 in low - grade CC - RCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microvessel density and ECP % were inversely correlated ( Rho = - 0 . 26 , P = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the imperfect association of nuclear grade and ECP % or MVD , CC - RCC was also grouped based on low / high MVD and ECP % .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This analysis revealed a higher expression of vessel maturation and stabilisation factors ( placental growth factor , PDGFB1 , angiopoietin 1 ) in CC - RCC with high MVD , a group of CC - RCC highly enriched in low nuclear grade CC - RCC , with low ECP % .", "entity": [{"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 191]}, {"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 222]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest heterogeneity in angiogenic activity and vessel maturation of CC - RCC , to a large extent linked to nuclear grade , and , with probable therapeutic implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "CC - RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of Tip30 leads to rapid immortalization of murine mammary epithelial cells and ductal hyperplasia in the mammary gland .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammary epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 83]}, {"entity": "ductal hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "mammary gland", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transformation of mammary epithelial cells ( MECs ) from the normal to the neoplastic stage requires the dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and proto - oncogenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammary epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "MECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tip30 is a tumor suppressor that can inhibit estrogen receptor - mediated transcription in MECs , but its role in MEC proliferation remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "MECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "MEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that deleting the Tip30 gene leads to ductal hyperplasia in mouse mammary glands early in life and extensive mammary hyperplasia with age .", "entity": [{"entity": "ductal hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "mammary glands", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "mammary hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tip30 ( - / - ) mammary glands transplanted into wild - type mammary fat pads also display mammary trees with extensive ductal hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tip30 ( - / - ) mammary glands", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "mammary fat pads", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "mammary trees", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "ductal hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , Tip30 deletion promotes proliferation of primary MECs and results in rapid immortalization of MECs in vitro relative to wild - type cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "MECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "wild - type cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene array analysis identified significant increases in the expression of mammary epithelial growth factors Wisp2 and Igf - 1 in Tip30 ( - / - ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammary epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "Tip30 ( - / - ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of either Wisp2 or Igf - 1 using short interfering RNA dramatically inhibited proliferation of Tip30 ( - / - ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tip30 ( - / - ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results suggest that Tip30 is an intrinsic and negative regulator of MEC proliferation partly through the inhibition of Wisp2 and Igf - 1 expression , and its absence in the mammary gland may predispose MECs to neoplastic transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "mammary gland", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "MECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 224]}, {"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [228, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term immunosuppression in burned patients assessed by in vitro neutrophil oxidative burst ( Phagoburst ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the duration and magnitude of immunosuppression induced by burns as measured by the neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospective exploratory cohort study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tertiary referral unit , University Hospital , Linkoping , Sweden ( National Burn Unit ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS ( CONTROLS ) : Twenty - eight subjects consecutively admitted to the Burn Unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean total burn surface area ( TBSA % ) was 36 ( range 13 - 87 ) and mean age 44 years ( range 14 - 89 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients ' data were collected prospectively in the burn unit , which also included sequential organ failure assessment ( SOFA ) score .", "entity": [{"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the changes in the oxidative capacity of neutrophils after the burn , blood samples for the Phagoburst analysis were taken on admission and at least once every second week for the duration of stay in hospital and thereafter monthly up to 12 months after the burn .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "blood samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutrophils were stimulated in vitro by Escherichia coli , phorbol 12 - phorbol myristate 13 - acetate ( PMA ) , and peptide N - formyl - Met - Leu - Phe ( fMLP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative burst was measured by flow cytometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative capacity of the neutrophils decreased similarly for all three stimulants : there was a pathological decrease shortly after admission , with the lowest value occurring between days 7 and 10 , followed by a gradual recovery during the ensuing months .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full recovery ( to the values of the controls ) was seen first 3 . 5 months after the burn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using multiple regression , we found that only age and time since the burn significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) affected the oxidative burst .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White cell count ( WCC ) and C - reactive protein ( CRP ) values returned to reference ranges long before the oxidative burst .", "entity": [{"entity": "White cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides evidence that immunosuppression in those injured by burns , as assessed by the in vitro oxidative burst of neutrophils , remains long after the event of the burn ( up to 3 . 5 months after burn ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of correlations to TBSA % , FTB % , blood transfusion , opiates provided , and multiple organ failure score and laboratory infection variables together with the finding that decreased oxidative burst was uniform after the injury , suggesting that this immunosuppression is primarily due to the general metabolic response rather than recurring infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pivotal role for p53 : balancing aerobic respiration and glycolysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genetic basis of increased glycolytic activity observed in cancer cells is likely to be the result of complex interactions of multiple regulatory pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we review the recent evidence of a simple genetic mechanism by which tumor suppressor p53 regulates mitochondrial respiration with secondary changes in glycolysis that are reminiscent of the Warburg effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological significance of this regulation of the two major pathways of energy generation by p53 remains to be seen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of Harold F . Dvorak to the study of tumor angiogenesis and stroma generation mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1983 , Harold Dvorak and his colleagues were the first to show that tumor cells secreted vascular permeability factor ( VPF ) and that a blocking antibody to VPF could prevent the edema and fluid accumulation that is characteristic of human cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 188]}, {"entity": "fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [244, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 , Dvorak went on to demonstrate that VPF was secreted by a variety of human tumor cell lines and proposed that VPF was in part responsible for the abnormal vasculature seen in human tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , he and other investigators demonstrated that VPF was capable of stimulating endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fundamental discoveries led to additional research conducted by Napoleone Ferrara and his laboratory , confirming the cloning of VPF and renaming the protein vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 , Dvorak proposed that by secreting VPF , tumors induce angiogenesis by turning on the wound healing response .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He noted that wounds , like tumors , secrete VPF , causing blood vessels to leak plasma fibrinogen , which stimulates blood vessel growth and provides a matrix on which they can spread .", "entity": [{"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike wounds , however , that turn off VPF production after healing , tumors did not turn off their VPF production and instead continued to make large amounts of VPF , allowing malignant cells to continue to induce new blood vessels and so to grow and spread .", "entity": [{"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "malignant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 193]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , tumors behave like wounds that fail to heal .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work is again extremely significant for patients worldwide , as Dvorak ' s scientific research is leading his colleagues all over the world to examine how to treat a tumor through its blood supply .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurohypophyseal granulomatous germinoma invading the right cavernous sinus : case report and review of the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurohypophyseal granulomatous germinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "right cavernous sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We encountered a rare case of neurohypophyseal germinoma with a prominent granulomatous reaction , which invaded the right cavernous sinus .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurohypophyseal germinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 56]}, {"entity": "right cavernous sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuroimaging and histopathology features in this case were unique , distinguishing it from other types of suprasellar lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "suprasellar lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 13 - year - old boy presented with loss of appetite and polyuria ; both symptoms were present for 1 year , and headache , general fatigue and blurred vision present for the prior 2 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On admission , neurological examination indicated bitemporal hemianopsia and optic atrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrinological exam showed panhypopituitarism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor markers such as alpha - fetoprotein , human growth hormone , carcinoembryonic antigen , and placental alkaline phosphatase were negative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "placental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain CT revealed a suprasellar tumor with calcification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "suprasellar tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MR T ( 1 ) - weighted and T ( 2 ) - weighted images showed the tumor to be isointense to normal brain parenchyma and to be enhanced densely .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "brain parenchyma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor also involved the right cavernous sinus , so that a biopsy was performed by the transsphenoidal approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "right cavernous sinus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "transsphenoidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On pathologic examination of the specimen , typical large tumor cells with lymphocytic cell infiltration and prominent granulomatous reaction were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "lymphocytic cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurohypophyseal granulomatous germinoma was diagnosed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurohypophyseal granulomatous germinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiotherapy was performed with a total dose of 51 Gy and the tumor shrank remarkably .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient returned to school under hormone replacement therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melissoidesin G , a diterpenoid purified from Isodon melissoides , induces leukemic - cell apoptosis through induction of redox imbalance and exhibits synergy with other anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemic - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melissoidesin G ( MOG ) is a new diterpenoid purified from Isodon melissoides , a plant used in Chinese traditional medicine as antitumor and anti - inflammatory agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , MOG was shown to specifically inhibit the growth of human leukemia cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) blasts via induction of apoptosis , with the evidence of mitochondrial DeltaPsim loss , reactive oxygen species production , caspases activation and nuclear fragmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 92]}, {"entity": "primary acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) blasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 142]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 206]}, {"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [285, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it was shown that thiol - containing antioxidants completely blocked MOG - induced mitochondrial DeltaPsim loss and subsequent cell apoptosis , while the inhibition of apoptosis by benzyloxy - carbonyl - Val - Ala - Asp - fluoromethylketone only partially attenuated mitochondrial DeltaPsim loss , indicating that MOG - induced redox imbalance is an early event upstream to mitochondrial DeltaPsim loss and caspase - 3 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 145]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [281, 294]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [388, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistently , it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione ( GSH ) content in a dose - dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG - induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert - butylhydroquinone ( tBHQ ) and the facilitative effects of DL - buthionine ( S , R ) - sulfoximine ( BSO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it was showed that GSH depletion induced by MOG rendered some leukemia cell lines more sensitive to arsenic trioxide ( As2O3 ) , doxorubicin or cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the synergistic apoptotic effects of MOG with As2O3 were detected in HL - 60 and primary AML cells , but not in normal cells , suggesting the selective toxicity of their combination to the malignant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HL - 60", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "primary AML cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "malignant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , we proposed that MOG alone or administered with other anticancer agents may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog signaling in the murine melanoma microenvironment .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hedgehog intercellular signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "intercellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pathway has been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer and in embryonic blood vessel development .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "embryonic blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , Hedgehog signaling in tumor related vasculature and microenvironment was examined using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and B16F0 ( murine melanoma ) tumors models .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "human umbilical vein endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 149]}, {"entity": "B16F0", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of exogenous Sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) peptide significantly increased BrdU incorporation in endothelial cells in vitro by a factor of 2 ( P less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hedgehog pathway antagonist cyclopamine effectively reduced Shh - induced proliferation to control levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study Hedgehog signaling in vivo a hind limb tumor model with the B16F0 cell line was used .", "entity": [{"entity": "hind limb tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "B16F0 cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with 25 mg / kg cyclopamine significantly attenuated BrdU incorporation in tumor cells threefold ( P less than 0 . 001 ) , in tumor related endothelial cells threefold ( P = 0 . 004 ) , and delayed tumor growth by 4 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 167]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry revealed that the Hedgehog receptor Patched was localized to the tumor stroma and that B16F0 cells expressed Shh peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "B16F0 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , mouse embryonic fibroblasts required the presence of B16F0 cells to express Patched in a co - culture assay system .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "B16F0 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies indicate that Shh peptide produced by melanoma cells induces Patched expression in fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study tumor related angiogenesis a vascular window model was used to monitor tumor vascularity .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with cyclopamine significantly attenuated vascular formation by a factor of 2 . 5 ( P less than 0 . 001 ) and altered vascular morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , cyclopamine reduced tumor blood vessel permeability to FITC labeled dextran while having no effect on normal blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that Hedgehog signaling regulates melanoma related vascular formation and function .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor , transforming growth factor - alpha and Ki - 67 in relationship to malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "pleomorphic adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Quantitative assessment is more sensitive as a measure of cellular protein content as compared with standard optical density measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data support the hypothesis that increased epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) and transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - alpha expression is associated with early events in malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma ( PA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pleomorphic adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 229]}, {"entity": "PA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [232, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : In the present study , we attempted to identify EGFR and TGF - alpha expression and Ki - 67 index in carcinoma ex - pleomorphic adenoma ( Ca ex - PA ) and PA .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma ex - pleomorphic adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 147]}, {"entity": "Ca ex - PA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "PA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also compared the presence of EGFR and TGF - alpha and Ki - 67 index with clinical data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : The tissues were stained with monoclonal antibodies to EGFR , TGF - alpha and Ki - 67 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were analysed using quantitative immunohistochemical analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also analysed the association of patients ' prognosis with clinical parameters and the histological classification of the carcinomatous component .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomatous component", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : As regards the association of patients ' prognosis with EGFR staining and Ki - 67 index , a significant increase was observed in patients who died or had residual disease compared with patients who were alive without disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR and TGF - alpha and Ki67 index , a significant increase was observed in Ca ex - PA , especially with adenocarcinoma , compared with PA and sialadenitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ex - PA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "PA", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CX3CR1 - dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age - related macular degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "subretinal microglia cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 44]}, {"entity": "macular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of retinal microglial cells ( MCs ) in age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal microglial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "macular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrated that all retinal MCs express CX3C chemokine receptor 1 ( CX3CR1 ) and that homozygosity for the CX3CR1 M280 allele , which is associated with impaired cell migration , increases the risk of AMD .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans with AMD , MCs accumulated in the subretinal space at sites of retinal degeneration and choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "subretinal space", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "sites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "choroidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In CX3CR1 - deficient mice , MCs accumulated subretinally with age and albino background and after laser impact preceding retinal degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "subretinally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raising the albino mice in the dark prevented both events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The appearance of lipid - bloated subretinal MCs was drusen - like on funduscopy of senescent mice , and CX3CR1 - dependent MC accumulation was associated with an exacerbation of experimental CNV .", "entity": [{"entity": "subretinal MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "drusen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "MC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that CX3CR1 - dependent accumulation of subretinal MCs evokes cardinal features of AMD .", "entity": [{"entity": "subretinal MCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings reveal what we believe to be a novel pathogenic process with important implications for the development of new therapies for AMD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditional deletion of Smad1 and Smad5 in somatic cells of male and female gonads leads to metastatic tumor development in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "gonads", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "metastatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta ) family has critical roles in the regulation of fertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the pathogenesis of some human cancers is attributed to misregulation of TGFbeta function and SMAD2 or SMAD4 mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are limited mouse models for the BMP signaling SMADs ( BR - SMADs ) 1 , 5 , and 8 because of embryonic lethality and suspected genetic redundancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using tissue - specific ablation in mice , we deleted the BR - SMADs from somatic cells of ovaries and testes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "somatic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "ovaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "testes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single conditional knockouts for Smad1 or Smad5 or mice homozygous null for Smad8 are viable and fertile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female double Smad1 Smad5 and triple Smad1 Smad5 Smad8 conditional knockout mice become infertile and develop metastatic granulosa cell tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic granulosa cell tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male double Smad1 Smad5 conditional knockout mice are fertile but demonstrate metastatic testicular tumor development .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic testicular tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarray analysis indicated significant alterations in expression of genes related to the TGFbeta pathway , as well as genes involved in infertility and extracellular matrix production .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data strongly implicate the BR - SMADs as part of a critical developmental pathway in ovaries and testis that , when disrupted , leads to malignant transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "testis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanoma / skin cancer screening clinics : experiences in The Netherlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "skin cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1989 and 1990 we conducted two free melanoma / skin screening clinics in Oss and Arnhem in the Netherlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was carried out along the lines of the recent campaigns supported by the American Academy of Dermatology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 2564 persons screened , 53 had melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer ( 2 . 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "nonmelanoma skin cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compliance with follow - up for persons with suspected melanoma / skin cancer was adequate ( 93 of 103 ; 90 . 3 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "skin cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Clinical significance of interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) as a prognostic factor of cancer disease ]", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) is proinflammatory cytokine that produces multifunctional effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also involved in the regulation of immune reactions , hematopoiesis and inflammatory state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 6 has been shown to be associated with tumor progression including inhibition of cancer cells apoptosis and stimulation of angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - IL - 6 therapy is a new strategy in the inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical studies have shown elevated serum IL - 6 concentrations in patients with endometrial cancer , non - small cell lung carcinoma , colorectal cancer , renal cell carcinoma , breast and ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "endometrial cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "non - small cell lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 134]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 177]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 186]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum IL - 6 levels correlate with tumor stage , and survival of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article we have focused on a role of IL - 6 as a prognostic factor in several malignancies such as colorectal cancer , breast cancer , gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 124]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 157]}, {"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of CDK4 or CDK2 in mouse oral cavity is retained in adult pituitary with distinct effects on tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral cavity", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "pituitary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The keratin 5 ( K5 ) promoter drives transgenic expression to the basal cell layer of stratified epithelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "basal cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "epithelia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , analysis of K5CDK4 and K5CDK2 transgenic mouse embryos showed CDK4 and CDK2 expression not only in the expected tissues , but also in the adenohypophysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryos", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "adenohypophysis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This organ is derived from an upwards growth of the primitive oropharynx , a K5 - expressing tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "organ", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "oropharynx", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that transgenic expression of CDKs in the embryonic oral ectoderm is specifically retained in undifferentiated cells from the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic oral ectoderm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 73]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "pars intermedia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "adenohypophysis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , we found that K5CDK4 mice show a decreased number of pituitary stem cells , even though CDK4 is not expressed in the stem cells but in transit - amplifying ( TA ) - like cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pituitary stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "transit - amplifying ( TA ) - like cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , CDK4 - expressing cells , but not CDK2 - expressing cells , strongly synergize with lack of p27 ( Kip1 ) to generate pituitary carcinomas that appear with shortened latency and are drastically more aggressive than those arising in p27 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "pituitary carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we show that deregulation of CDK expression in the primitive oral epithelium plays a unique function , providing a selective advantage that gives rise to transgene - positive TA - like pituitary cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "primitive oral epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 83]}, {"entity": "transgene - positive TA - like pituitary cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , retention of CDK4 in these TA - like pituitary cells synergizes with loss of p27 ( Kip1 ) to induce pituitary adenocarcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "TA - like pituitary cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "pituitary adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model suggests that forced expression of CDK4 sensitizes cells and synergizes with a second change resulting in tumor development .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Survivin expression in breast carcinoma : correlation with apoptosis and prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Survivin is a novel inhibitor of apoptosis commonly detected in tissues during fetal development and in cancer , but not usually in normal tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been suggested that the expression of this protein may be of prognostic significance in gastric , colorectal , and bladder carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "colorectal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "bladder carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed survivin expression in breast carcinomas correlating results with expression of other antiapoptotic ( bcl - 2 , bcl - x ) and proapoptotic ( bax ) markers , with prognostic parameters , and with prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Paraffin - embedded sections of 37 breast carcinomas were immunostained for survivin , bcl - 2 , bcl - x , and bax .", "entity": [{"entity": "sections", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression was evaluated in normal breast tissue and carcinoma , nuclei and cytoplasm , as intensity ( 0 to 3 + ) , and percentage of positive cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "nuclei", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "cytoplasm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Survivin expression was noted in 30 ( 81 % ) of breast carcinomas , and in normal breast tissue , in nuclei , and cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "nuclei", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "cytoplasm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant correlation ( P = 0 . 022 ) between survivin and bcl - x expression ; survivin and bcl - x tended to correlate with overall survival ( P = 0 . 072 and 0 . 075 , respectively ) , but not with disease - free survival ( P = 0 . 19 and 0 . 18 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no correlation of survivin with bcl - 2 or bax expression , or with other prognostic parameters ( age , tumor size , histologic type , histologic grade , nodal status , and tumor stage ) ( P > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "nodal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The majority ( 81 % ) of breast carcinomas show survivin expression which correlates with bcl - x , another antiapoptotic marker , and both markers tend to correlate with prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of dexamethasone - induced immunosuppression on the duration and level of shedding of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in calves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to determine whether immunosuppression plays a role in the level and duration of fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fecal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunosuppression was induced in calves by administering dexamethasone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six 1 - week - old Holstein bull calves were injected intramuscularly with dexamethasone and orally inoculated with 10 ( 9 ) CFU of a mixture of three nalidixic - acid resistant strains of E . coli O157 : H7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "intramuscularly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "orally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "strains", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five 1 - week - old Holstein bull calves that were given the same oral inoculation of E . coli O157 : H7 , but not the dexamethasone injections , served as controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All calves were examined daily and fecal samples were collected three times a week for detection and enumeration of the nalidixic - acid resistant E . coli O157 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fecal samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four weeks after the last calf stopped shedding , all calves were necropsied and samples from the gastrointestinal tract were taken for the detection of the nalidixic - acid resistant E . coli O157 .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "gastrointestinal tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone - injected calves shed at higher levels ( P = 0 . 04 ) on days 4 and 7 postinoculation , but not thereafter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the samples collected at necropsy were positive for E . coli O157 .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from this study suggest that there may be a time - dependent relationship between dexamethasone immunosuppression and the fecal concentration of E . coli O157 but that transient immunosuppression does not appear to prolong shedding of E . coli O157 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fecal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional significance of VEGF - a in human ovarian carcinoma : role in vasculogenic mimicry .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ovarian cancer is a silent killer , and shows early extensive tumor invasion and peritoneal metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "peritoneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microcirculation of most tumors includes cooperation of pre - existing vessels , intussusceptive microvascular growth , postnatal vasculogenesis , glomeruloid angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry ( VM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "microvascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "glomeruloid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VM is critical for a tumor blood supply and is asscociated with aggressive features and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies highlight the plasticity of aggressive human ovarian carcinoma cells and call into question the underlying significance of their ability to form VM in vitro induced by VEGF - a .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies also show their clinicalpathological features of the cancers with human Paraffin - embedded tumor tissue samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "tumor tissue samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show that the process : VEGF - a - - greater than EphA2 - - greater than MMPs - - greater than VM is the main pathway for VM formation and VEGF - a appears to play an important role in the formation of VM based on our in vitro assays and clinical immunohistochemical analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VM - targeting strategies for ovarian cancer include anti - VEGF - a treatment , knocking down the EphA2 gene and using antibodies against human MMPs if the tumor is VM positive .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This strategy may be of significant value in laying the foundation for a more explicit anti - tumor angiogenesis therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel role of thrombospondin - 1 in cervical carcinogenesis : inhibit stroma reaction by inhibiting activated fibroblasts from invading cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombospondin ( TSP ) - 1 , a potent angiogenesis inhibitor , has been shown to exert different biological functions on various cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigate the role of TSP - 1 in tumor - stroma reaction , which is mainly characterized by fibroblast activation to create a permissive microenvironment for tumor progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "fibroblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry examinations in the human surgical specimens have shown that a downregulation of TSP - 1 during the progression of cervical carcinogenesis was accompanied by an emergence in the upregulation of stroma markers , alpha - smooth muscle actin ( alpha - SMA ) and desmin .", "entity": [{"entity": "surgical specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "cervical", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection of SiHa cervical cancer cells with a plasmid expressing the TSP - 1 protein exhibited antiangiogenic activity in vitro and resulted in reduced tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency ( SCID ) mice , which was accompanied by a decrease in tumor vascularization and lower expressions of alpha - SMA and desmin than those in the vector controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiHa cervical cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "plasmid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [260, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection with TSP - 1 and purified TSP - 1 added to NIH3T3 cells did not alter the protein levels of alpha - SMA and desmin but significantly inhibited matrix metalloprotease - 2 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming growth factor - beta ( TGF - beta ) , a major factor in the activation of fibroblasts , increased alpha - SMA and desmin expression and the ability of cell migration and invasion in NIH3T3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "NIH3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased migration ability and the invasive ability into tumor cluster of TGF - beta - treated NIH3T3 cells were dose dependently inhibited by TSP - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "NIH3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , ectopic TSP - 1 expression in SiHa cells has little effect on the invasive ability of the NIH3T3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiHa cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "NIH3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our findings demonstrate a novel role of TSP - 1 to inhibit tumor - stroma reaction that could be attributed to the blockage of activated fibroblasts from invading cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "stroma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting a tumor - specific laminin domain critical for human carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laminin - 332 is critical for squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) tumorigenesis , but targeting it for cancer therapy has been unachievable due to key role of laminin - 332 in promoting tissue integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 53]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that a portion of laminin - 332 , termed G45 , which is proteolytically removed and absent in normal tissues , is prominently expressed in most human SCC tumors and plays an important role in human SCC tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "SCC tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary human keratinocytes lacking G45 ( DeltaG45 ) showed alterations of basal receptor organization , impaired matrix deposition , and increased migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "keratinocytes lacking G45", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 39]}, {"entity": "DeltaG45", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After SCC transformation , the absence of G45 domain in DeltaG45 cells was associated with deficient extracellular signal - regulated kinase and phosphotidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) pathway activation , impaired invasion , deficient metalloproteinase activity , and absent tumorgenicity in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "DeltaG45 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of G45 or activated PI3K subunit in DeltaG45 cells reversed these abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "DeltaG45 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G45 antibody treatment induced SCC tumor apoptosis , decreased SCC tumor proliferation , and markedly impaired human SCC tumorigenesis in vivo without affecting normal tissue adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "SCC tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show a remarkable selectivity of expression and function for laminin - 332 G45 in human SCC tumorigenesis and implicate it as a specific target for anticancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of processivity of mungbean dideoxynucleotide - sensitive DNA polymerase and detection of the activity and expression of the enzyme in the meristematic and meiotic tissues and following DNA damaging agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "meristematic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "meiotic tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the processivity of mungbean ddNTP - sensitive DNA polymerase showed the incorporation of approximately 35 - 40 nucleotides per binding event in the replication assays involving M13 ss DNA template with 5 ' - labeled 17 - mer primer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimal processivity was obtained with 100 - 150 mM KCl and 6 - 8 mM Mg2 + at pH 7 . 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme showed preference for Mg2 + over Mn2 + as the metal activator for processivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ' , 3 ' dideoxythymidine 5 ' triphosphate ( ddTTP ) and rat DNA pol beta antibody strongly influenced distributive synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable enhancement in processivity was noticed at 1mM ATP and 2 - 4 mM spermidine while higher concentrations of spermidine caused distributive synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme was found to be active in both meristematic and meiotic tissues and distinctly induced by EMS treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "meristematic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "meiotic tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA - binding assays revealed distinct binding ability of the enzyme to template / primer and damaged DNA substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these observations illustrate the probable involvement of the enzyme in replication and repair machinery in higher plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Management of early and advanced colorectal cancer : therapeutic issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The staging of colorectal cancer , therapeutic decision making in the management of early and advanced colorectal cancer , and dilemmas posed by drug - related toxicity are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUMMARY : Staging of colorectal cancer occurs after surgery and is based on the extent of disease invasiveness and dissemination .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgery is the primary treatment for stage I disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended after resection in selected high - risk patients with stage II disease and in all patients with stage III disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convenience of administration , tolerability , and patient factors not necessarily age may be considerations in decisions about adjuvant therapy after resection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer is based on the type of prior therapy and patient - specific factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , significant improvements in survival have been achieved through the use of combination chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody regimens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy is first - line therapy for stage IV disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age alone should not preclude the use of chemotherapy in stage IV colorectal cancer , although the ability to tolerate drug - related toxicity may be a consideration .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal duration of chemotherapy in patients with early and metastatic colorectal cancer is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The optimal approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer depends on several considerations , including patient - specific factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum and urine levels of interleukin - 8 in patients with non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis plays an important role in many types of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 8 ( IL - 8 ) is known to be a pro - inflammatory and pro - angiogenic cytokine , and IL - 8 has been reported to be associated with tumor progression , prognosis and survival in several types of cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the role of IL - 8 in non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma ( NHL ) has not been fully determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 58]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we evaluated the usefulness of measuring serum and urine IL - 8 levels in patients with NHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed reference intervals for serum and urine IL - 8 level in 131 control individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured serum IL - 8 and urine IL - 8 levels in patients with NHL , and we compared the concentrations with those of control individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reference intervals for serum IL - 8 and urine IL - 8 corrected by creatinine ( Cr ) were 15 . 9 - 430 . 3 pg / mL and 0 . 0 - 28 . 4 pg / mg Cr , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentrations of urine IL - 8 / Cr were significantly higher in patients than in controls ( 48 . 9 + / - 194 . 4 vs . 5 . 2 + / - 13 . 8 pg / mg Cr , P less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there were no significant differences in serum IL - 8 concentrations between NHL patients and controls ( 159 . 2 + / - 40 . 4 vs . 99 . 6 + / - 107 . 1 pg / mL ; P = 0 . 099 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) analysis gave 0 . 83 and 0 . 43 ROC area values for urine IL - 8 / Cr and serum IL - 8 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no correlation between the serum and urine concentrations of IL - 8 and clinical variables , the only exception being the international prognostic index ( IPI ) , which showed a marginal correlation with urine IL - 8 / Cr levels ( P = 0 . 07 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study indicated that urine IL - 8 / Cr levels might be useful as a diagnostic marker of NHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopic technique for the detection of nitric oxide - dependent angiogenesis in an animal model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of NO in the vasculature is demonstrated by several experimental conditions , such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) - induced angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the NO metabolic pathway in endothelial cells could be one of the main contributing factors for angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several methods have been used for measuring in vitro angiogenesis , a proper technique has not been developed for identifying in vivo NO - dependent angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This chapter provides a new intravital microscopic method for detecting and measuring NO - dependent angiogenesis in a mouse model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique showed strong abdominal neovascularization in wild - type mice , but not eNOS knockout mice , locally injected with VEGF , as well as stimulation of angiogenesis in NO donor - injected mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "abdominal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique also revealed the inhibitory effect of the NOS inhibitor N ( G ) - iminoethyl - L - ornithine in VEGF - mediated in vivo angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This chapter describes intravital microscopy as a new imaging technique for detecting NO - dependent angiogenesis in an animal model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of cyclooxygenase - 2 non - selective and selective inhibitors on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "esophageal squamous carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of aspirin and nimesulide on cell proliferation , apoptosis and its potential mechanisms in EC9706 and EC109 esophageal squamous carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "EC9706", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "EC109 esophageal squamous carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EC9706 and EC109 cells were incubated with varying concentrations of aspirin and nimesulide , and the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were monitored by 3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethyl - thiazol - 2yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC9706", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "EC109 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were used to investigate expression of Bcl - 2 and Bax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prostaglandin E2 production was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with aspirin and nimesulide inhibited EC9706 and EC109 cell growth in a time and dose - dependent manner , accompanied with a decrease of prostaglandin E2 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC9706", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "EC109 cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In EC9706 cells , the mechanism of aspirin and nimesulide induced growth inhibition was a consequence of cell cycle arrest at the G ( 0 ) / G ( 1 ) check point .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC9706 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In EC109 cells , growth arrest was by induction of apoptosis , associated with downregulation of Bcl - 2 , but not Bax .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC109 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , aspirin and nimesulide could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "esophageal squamous carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclooxygenase - 2 inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic agent for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "esophageal squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotrophin p75 receptor ( p75NTR ) promotes endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis : implications for diabetes - induced impaired neovascularization in ischemic limb muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "limb muscles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes impairs endothelial function and reparative neovascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p75 receptor of neurotrophins ( p75 ( NTR ) ) , which is scarcely present in healthy endothelial cells ( ECs ) , becomes strongly expressed by capillary ECs after induction of peripheral ischemia in type - 1 diabetic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "ECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "capillary ECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "peripheral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that gene transfer - induced p75 ( NTR ) expression impairs the survival , proliferation , migration , and adhesion capacities of cultured ECs and endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) and inhibits angiogenesis in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "endothelial progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 190]}, {"entity": "EPCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , intramuscular p75 ( NTR ) gene delivery impairs neovascularization and blood flow recovery in a mouse model of limb ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "intramuscular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "limb", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These disturbed functions are associated with suppression of signaling mechanisms implicated in EC survival and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , p75 ( NTR ) depresses the VEGF - A / Akt / eNOS / NO pathway and additionally reduces the mRNA levels of ITGB1 [ beta ( 1 ) integrin ] , BIRC5 ( survivin ) , PTTG1 ( securin ) and VEZF1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic mice , which typically show impaired postischemic muscular neovascularization and blood perfusion recovery , have these defects corrected by intramuscular gene transfer of a dominant negative mutant form of p75 ( NTR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "intramuscular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , our data newly demonstrate the antiangiogenic action of p75 ( NTR ) and open new avenues for the therapeutic use of p75 ( NTR ) inhibition to combat diabetes - induced microvascular liabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor endothelial cell targeted cyclic RGD - modified heparin derivative : inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : We prepared tumor endothelium targeted cRGD - modified heparin derivative ( cRGD - HL ) by coupling heparin - lithocholic acid ( HL ) with cRGDyK , and evaluated inhibition effects of cRGD - HL on angiogenesis and tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor endothelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : To evaluate antiangiogenic activity of cRGD - HL , we performed tests on endothelial cell adhesion and migration to vitronectin , tube formation , binding affinity to purified alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) integrin , and in vivo Matrigel plug assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antitumor activity of cRGD - HL was also evaluated by monitoring tumor growth and microvessel formation in squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC7 ) tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC7 ) tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The cRGD - HL significantly inhibited adhesion and migration of endothelial cells to vitronectin , and tubular structures of endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "tubular structures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 131]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to cRGDyK and HL , cRGD - HL has high binding affinity to purified alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) integrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced antiangiogenic effect of cRGD - HL was confirmed in Matrigel assay by showing the significant inhibition of bFGF - driven angiogenesis and blood vessel formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was thought that potent antiangiogenic effect of cRGD - HL was probably due to the interference of alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) - mediated interaction , resulting in the enhanced antitumoral activity against SCC7 tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 187]}, {"entity": "SCC7 tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results demonstrated that cRGD - modified heparin derivative enhanced anti - angiotherapeutic effects against solid tumor , and therefore , it could be applied to treat various cancers and angiogenic diseases as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Inhibitory effect of adenovirus - mediated endostatin gene transfer on transplanted lung carcinoma in mice ]", "entity": [{"entity": "lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effect of adenovirus - mediated endostatin gene transfer on transplanted lung cancer in mice and its mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Transplant tumor model was induced by subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 10 ( 6 ) Lewis lung cancer ( LLC ) cells into the back of C57BL / 6 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transplant tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "subcutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Lewis lung cancer ( LLC ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 120]}, {"entity": "back", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mice were treated by intratumoral injection of 2 x 10 ( 9 ) pfu Ad - mEndostatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of endostatin in situ and its maintaining time were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endostatin level in serum was determined by ELISA .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of tumor growth and changes of survival were recorded and the microvessel density ( MVD ) was determined by histochemical stainingwith CD31 and CD105 antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor apoptosis was observed by electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In comparison with controls , intratumoral injection of Ad - mEndostatin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis , and prolonged the survival rate of mice ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong positive expression of mEndostatin was seen in the tumor tissue after injection of Ad - mEndostatin , immunhistochemically ostained by mouse endostatin monoclonal antibody , while the control groups showed only very low expression or absence .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum endostatin concentration was 1540 + / - 560 ng / ml at the second week of administration , the expression of endostatin diminished a month later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microvessel density ( MVD ) ) decreased from 42 . 4 + / - 4 . 8 to 10 . 5 + / - 3 . 2 per x 200 magnificetion microscopic field by CD10 staining and from 68 . 5 + / - 4 . 5 to 37 . 5 + / - 4 . 6 by CD31 staining , respectively ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More apoptotic tumor cells were seen under the transmission electron microscope .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Endostatin gene therapy mediated by adenoviral vector efficiently induces expression of endostatin in vivo , and inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that its action is targeted to tumor neovasculature and the mechanism is inhibition of tumor angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor neovasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of p53 in pigmentation , tanning and melanoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 has a central role in skin pigmentation and may impact on melanoma at all stages , however , as it ' s mutation frequency in melanoma is low , it ' s role has been somewhat under - appreciated .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During normal skin function , p53 in the keratinocyte is a transducer of the skin tanning signal and an essential component of what is effectively a keratinocyte - melanocyte signaling cycle that regulates skin pigmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "keratinocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "keratinocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "melanocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [206, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is clear that this cycle functions optimally in skin of dark pigmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When melanin biosynthesis is genetically disrupted in skin of white complexion , we propose that this cycle operates as a promoter of melanocyte proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "melanocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell autonomous function of p53 in melanocytes is not well described , however , the balance of the evidence suggests that p53 is an effective tumor suppressor and the myriad of mechanisms by which the p53 pathway may be dysregulated in tumors attests to it importance as a tumor suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "melanocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 247]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [278, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we outline the known mechanisms that impair p53 itself and its immediate regulators or target genes during melanomagenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the importance of this pathway , it is clear that p53 disruptions may relate directly to a patient ' s prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pathway will continue to be a focus of investigation , particularly with respect to targeted experimental chemotherapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of docetaxel - induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by all - trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) through downregulation of survivin ( BIRC5 ) , MCL - 1 and LTbeta - R in hormone - and drug resistant prostate cancer cell line , DU - 145 .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 227]}, {"entity": "DU - 145", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The management of hormone - refractory prostate cancer ( HRPC ) still remains as an important challenge of daily oncology practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hormone - refractory prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 67]}, {"entity": "HRPC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docetaxel has proved to be a first line treatment choice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All - trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) could potently inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and its combination with various anticancer agents results in increased cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 93]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these data , our aim was to examine the synergistic / additive cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of combination of docetaxel and ATRA , in hormone - and drug refractory human DU - 145 prostate cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DU - 145 prostate cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we have searched for the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis by demonstrating apoptosis - related genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : XTT cell proliferation assay was used for showing cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "XTT cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For verifying apoptosis , both DNA Fragmentation by ELISA assay and caspase 3 / 7 activity measurement were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For detecting the mechanism of apoptosis induced by docetaxel - ATRA combination , OligoGeArray which consists of 112 apoptosis related genes was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our results revealed that docetaxel and ATRA were synergistically cytotoxic and apoptotic in DU - 145 cells , in a dose - and time dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "DU - 145 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also shown by our studies that apoptosis was induced in DU - 145 prostate carcinoma cells with significant cytotoxicity , no matter which agent applied first .", "entity": [{"entity": "DU - 145 prostate carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found out that docetaxel - ATRA combination significantly downregulates survivin ( BIRC5 ) , myeloid cell leukemia - 1 ( MCL - 1 ) and lymphotoxin beta - receptor ( LTbetaR ) genes , which all three have pivotal roles in regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In conclusion , we strongly suggest that docetaxel and ATRA combination is a good candidate for this challenging era of daily oncologic practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the combination of docetaxel and ATRA might allow a reduction in docetaxel doses and by this way may diminish docetaxel adverse effects while maintaining the therapeutic effect in patients with HRPC .", "entity": [{"entity": "HRPC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diverse cell signaling events modulated by perlecan .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perlecan is a ubiquitous pericellular proteoglycan ideally placed to mediate cell signaling events controlling migration , proliferation , and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its control of growth factor signaling usually involves interactions with the heparan sulfate chains covalently coupled to the protein core ' s N - terminus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this modular protein core also binds with relatively high affinity to a number of growth factors and surface receptors , thereby stabilizing cell - matrix links .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 155]}, {"entity": "matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will focus on perlecan - growth factor interactions and describe recent advances in our understanding of this highly conserved proteoglycan during development , cancer growth , and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pro - angiogenic capacities of perlecan that involve proliferative and migratory signals in response to bound growth factors will be explored , as well as the anti - angiogenic signals resulting from interactions between the C - terminal domain known as endorepellin and integrins that control adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [310, 315]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [323, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two somewhat diametrically opposed roles will be discussed in light of new data emerging from various fields which converge on perlecan as a key regulator of cell growth and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 through a phosphomimetic serine 727 promotes prostate tumorigenesis independent of tyrosine 705 phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrantly activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( Stat3 ) is implicated in the development of various human cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y705 phosphorylation is conventionally thought to be required for Stat3 signal - dependent activation and seems to play an essential role in some malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it was shown that Stat3 is activated through novel and noncanonical mechanisms , including phosphorylation at S727 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigate S727 phosphorylation of Stat3 and its subsequent effects in prostate cancer development , independent of Y705 phosphorylation , using mutated Stat3 in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer cell line LNCaP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show mutation of S727 to the phosphomimetic residue Glu , and inactivation of Y705 ( Y705F / S727E ) resulted in a remarkable growth advantage in low - serum , enhanced anchorage - independent growth in soft agar , and increased tumorigenicity in nonobese diabetic / severe combined immunodeficient ( NOD / SCID ) mice , possibly by direct activation of downstream proto - oncogenes c - myc , mcl - 1 , and survivin .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y705F / S727E mutant cells were more invasive than Y705F / S727A ( inactivation of Y705 and S727 ) mutant cells , and more Y705F / S727E mutant Stat3 was localized in the nuclei relative to Y705F / S727A mutant Stat3 at the steady state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y705F / S727E mutant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Y705F / S727A ( inactivation of Y705 and S727 ) mutant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 111]}, {"entity": "nuclei", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the Y705F / S727E but not the Y705F / S727A mutant induced anchorage - independent growth of noncancerous prostate epithelial cells ( RWPE - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "noncancerous prostate epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 145]}, {"entity": "RWPE - 1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further show that Stat3 is phosphorylated at S727 in 65 % of malignant prostate tissues ( n = 20 ) relative to 25 % of normal prostate tissues ( n = 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant prostate tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 90]}, {"entity": "prostate tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , there is a positive correlation between phosphoS727 - Stat3 expression and Gleason score in these prostate cancer tissues ( P = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest for the first time that S727 phosphorylation is sufficient to activate Stat3 , thereby driving prostate tumorigenesis independent of Y705 phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergic pulmonary inflammation promotes the recruitment of circulating tumor cells to the lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergen - induced respiratory inflammation facilitates and / or elicits the extravasation of proinflammatory leukocytes by well - understood mechanisms that mediate the movement of multiple cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "proinflammatory leukocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 120]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonspecific character of these pathways led us to hypothesize that circulating cancer cells use similar mechanisms , promoting secondary tumor formation at distal sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "secondary tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "distal sites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test this hypothesis , the frequency of metastasis to the lung as a function of allergic pulmonary inflammation was assessed following the i . v . injection of B16 - F10 melanoma cells in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "i . v .", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "B16 - F10 melanoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies showed that allergen - induced pulmonary inflammation resulted in a > 3 - fold increase in lung metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "lung metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increase was dependent on CD4 ( + ) T - cell activities ; however , it occurred independent of the induced eosinophilia associated with allergen provocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4 ( + ) T - cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interventional strategies showed that existing therapeutic modalities for asthma , such as inhaled corticosteroids , were sufficient to block the enhanced pulmonary recruitment of cancer cells from circulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional mechanistic studies further suggested that the ability of circulating cancer cells to extravasate to surrounding lung tissues was linked to the activation of the vascular endothelium via one or more Galpha ( i ) - coupled receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "lung tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "vascular endothelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , a survey of a clinical breast cancer surgical database showed that the incidence of asthma was higher among patients with lung metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "lung metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , our data show that allergic respiratory inflammation may represent a risk factor for the development of lung metastases and suggest that amelioration of the pulmonary inflammation associated with asthma will have a direct and immediate benefit to the 7 % to 8 % of breast cancer patients with this lung disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "lung metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [272, 285]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [305, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of energy - producing pathways of HepG2 cells by 3 - bromopyruvate .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - BrPA ( 3 - bromopyruvate ) is an alkylating agent with anti - tumoral activity on hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound inhibits cellular ATP production owing to its action on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation ; however , the specific metabolic steps and mechanisms of 3 - BrPA action in human hepatocellular carcinomas , particularly its effects on mitochondrial energetics , are poorly understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 220]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [251, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study it was found that incubation of HepG2 cells with a low concentration of 3 - BrPA for a short period ( 150 microM for 30 min ) significantly affected both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiratory functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of mitochondrial hexokinase was not inhibited by 150 microM 3 - BrPA , but this concentration caused more than 70 % inhibition of GAPDH ( glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase ) and 3 - phosphoglycerate kinase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , 3 - BrPA treatment significantly impaired lactate production by HepG2 cells , even when glucose was withdrawn from the incubation medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen consumption of HepG2 cells supported by either pyruvate / malate or succinate was inhibited when cells were pre - incubated with 3 - BrPA in glucose - free medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , when cells were pre - incubated in glucose - supplemented medium , oxygen consumption was affected only when succinate was used as the oxidizable substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in oligomycin - independent respiration was observed in HepG2 cells treated with 3 - BrPA only when incubated in glucose - supplemented medium , indicating that 3 - BrPA induces mitochondrial proton leakage as well as blocking the electron transport system .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited by 70 % by 3 - BrPA treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the combined action of 3 - BrPA on succinate dehydrogenase and on glycolysis , inhibiting steps downstream of the phosphorylation of glucose , play an important role in HepG2 cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [196, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Retinochoroidopathy after intravitreal anti - VEGF treatment ]", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 74 - year - old man presented with persistent metamorphopsias of the right eye 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab to treat choroidal neovascularization due to exudative age - related macular degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "right eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "choroidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "macular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis reached was retinochoroiditis as an occult manifestation of sarcoidosis , possibly resulting from an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient received a prescription for 100 mg Ultralan to be taken daily for 3 days and then tapered in 3 day steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the further course no deterioration of the condition was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detection of macrosomia at a teaching hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to determine the detection ( clinical or sonographic ) rate of macrosomic newborns ( at least 4000 g ) and the peripartum factors among those who were or were not identified accurately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We retrospectively reviewed all deliveries over 1 year and all maternal and neonatal charts of macrosomic newborns delivered during that year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Odds ratio ( ORs ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over a 12 - month period , the rate of macrosomia was 10 % ( 421 / 4194 ) and of those , only 11 % ( 95 % CI 8 to 14 % ) were suspected clinically or sonographically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the newborns weighing 4500 g or more were recognized before birth ( 0 / 57 ; 95 % CI 0 to 6 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher among newborns correctly identified as macrosomic ( 58 % ) versus those missed ( 36 % ; OR 2 . 76 , 95 % CI 1 . 46 , 5 . 16 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of newborns weighing in excess of 4000 g is 10 % , and approximately 90 % of these macrosomic newborns were unsuspected before birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing of directional migration in roundabout4 knockdown endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "roundabout4 knockdown endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Roundabouts are axon guidance molecules that have recently been identified to play a role in vascular guidance as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have investigated gene knockdown analysis of endothelial Robos , in particular roundabout 4 ( robo4 ) , the predominant Robo in endothelial cells using small interfering RNA technology in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Robo1 and Robo4 knockdown cells display distinct activity in endothelial cell migration assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robo1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Robo4 knockdown cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The knockdown of robo4 abrogated the chemotactic response of endothelial cells to serum but enhanced a chemokinetic response to Slit2 , while robo1 knockdown cells do not display chemotactic response to serum or VEGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "robo1 knockdown cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robo4 knockdown endothelial cells unexpectedly show up regulation of Rho GTPases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robo4 knockdown endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zebrafish Robo4 rescues both Rho GTPase homeostasis and serum reduced chemotaxis in robo4 knockdown cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "robo4 knockdown cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robo1 and Robo4 interact and share molecules such as Slit2 , Mena and Vilse , a Cdc42 - GAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , this study mechanistically implicates IRSp53 in the signaling nexus between activated Cdc42 and Mena , both of which have previously been shown to be involved with Robo4 signaling in endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This study identifies specific components of the Robo signaling apparatus that work together to guide directional migration of endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 hot - spot mutants increase tumor vascularization via ROS - mediated activation of the HIF1 / VEGF - A pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The function of p53 tumor suppressor is often altered in various human tumors predominantly through missense - mutations resulting in accumulation of mutant proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We revealed that expression of p53 proteins with amino - acid substitutions at codons 175 ( R175H ) , 248 ( R248W ) , and 273 ( R273H ) , representing the hot - spots of mutations in various human tumors , increased the number of vessels in HCT116 human colon carcinoma xenografts and , as a result , accelerated their growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 203]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "HCT116 human colon carcinoma xenografts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of tumor angiogenesis was connected with about 2 - fold increase in intracellular level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant N - acetyl - l - aspartate ( NAC ) decreased vessels number in tumors formed by cells with inactivated p53 and inhibited their growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of ROS on angiogenesis in tumors expressing hot - spot p53 mutants was correlated with their ability to increase a content of HIF1 transcriptional factor responsible for up - regulation of VEGF - A mRNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Akt / mTOR pathway assures the synthesis of HIF - 1alpha protein in a glucose - and reoxygenation - dependent manner in irradiated tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activity of HIF - 1 ( hypoxia - inducible factor - 1 ) has been reported to be up - regulated in solid tumors after ionizing radiation ; however , the molecular mechanism underlying the response remains to be elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we performed a series of molecular imaging experiments using a HIF - 1 - dependent reporter gene , 5HREp - ODD - luc , and found an essential role of the Akt / mTOR pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxic tumor cells distant from blood vessels were dramatically reoxygenated at 24 h postirradiation , and HIF - 1 activity increased as HIF - 1alpha accumulated in the reoxygenated regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accumulation was inhibited with a nonmetabolizable glucose analog , 2 - deoxy - d - glucose , through the suppression of radiation - induced phosphorylation of Akt in the reoxygenated regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Akt knockdown and an mTOR inhibitor revealed the importance of the Akt / mTOR pathway in the postirradiation accumulation of HIF - 1alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro experiments confirmed that an increase in glucose availability induced Akt phosphorylation under reoxygenated conditions and consequently up - regulated HIF - 1alpha translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , both the accelerated translation and the previously reported reactive oxygen species - mediated stabilization of HIF - 1alpha protein were essential to the activation of HIF - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these results indicate that Akt / mTOR - dependent translation of HIF - 1alpha plays a critical role in the postirradiation up - regulation of intratumoral HIF - 1 activity in response to radiation - induced alterations of glucose and oxygen availability in a solid tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "solid tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [267, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estradiol increases IL - 8 secretion of normal human breast tissue and breast cancer in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 8 or CXCL8 has been associated with tumor angiogenesis , metastasis , and poor prognosis in breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen is crucial in breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether sex steroids affect IL - 8 secretion of normal breast tissue or breast cancer is not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several cell types in a tissue secrete IL - 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , regulatory mechanisms of IL - 8 need to be investigated in whole tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used microdialysis to sample IL - 8 in normal human breast tissue in situ in pre - and postmenopausal women , preoperatively in breast cancers of women , and in experimental breast cancer in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "breast cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a significant positive correlation between IL - 8 and estradiol in normal breast tissue and hormone - dependent breast cancer in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "hormone - dependent breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex vivo , estradiol exposure increased the IL - 8 secretion of normal whole breast tissue in culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In experimental breast cancer , estradiol increased IL - 8 whereas the anti - estrogen tamoxifen inhibited the secretion of IL - 8 both in vitro and extracellularly in vivo in tumors of nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "extracellularly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 164]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An anti - IL - 8 Ab inhibited endothelial cell proliferation induced by cancer cell produced IL - 8 and tumors with low IL - 8 levels exhibited decreased angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results strongly suggest that estradiol has a critical role in the regulation of IL - 8 in normal human breast tissue and human breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 8 may present a novel therapeutic target for estrogen driven breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression , function , and clinical implications in gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with the biological behavior of cancer , but few studies have addressed the expression and function of CXCR4 in human gastric cancer and its impact on disease prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the expression of CXCR4 using RT - PCR , Western blotting , flow cytometry , and confocal microscopy in five gastric cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also examined cell proliferation , migration , and anti - apoptotic activity in response to stromal cell - derived factor ( SDF ) - 1alpha and evaluated SDF - 1alpha / CXCR4 signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we investigated the correlation between CXCR4 expression and the clinical features of 221 gastric cancer tissue samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer tissue samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CXCR4 transcripts and proteins were detectable in all five gastric cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , MKN - 28 , MKN - 45 , MKN - 74 , and SNU16 cells did not express membrane CXCR4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MKN - 28", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "MKN - 45", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "MKN - 74", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "SNU16 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , KATO III cells expressed membrane CXCR4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "KATO III cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these cells , SDF - 1alpha - induced migration was observed and was blocked by AMD3100 , a specific inhibitor of CXCR4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SDF - 1alpha induced rapid phosphorylation of Erk1 / 2 MAPK but did not promote phosphorylation of Stat3 or Akt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastric cancer tissue samples expressed CXCR4 with variable intensities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastric cancer tissue samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastases ( P = 0 . 028 ) and higher stages III / IV ( P = 0 . 047 ) , and further tended to be correlated with a reduced 5 - year survival rate ( 42 . 6 % vs . 53 . 9 % ; P = 0 . 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , CXCR4 expression is associated with gastric cancer cell migration in vitro , and strong expression of CXCR4 by gastric cancer cells is significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis in patients with gastric cancer , suggesting that CXCR4 plays an important role during gastric cancer progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 71]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 147]}, {"entity": "lymphatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 233]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [289, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of estrogen and progesterone on macrophage activation during wound healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age - related impaired wound healing leads to substantial morbidity and mortality along with a large financial burden to health services .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is accumulating evidence that the tissue damage associated with chronic wounds is initiated and propagated by an inappropriately excessive inflammatory response .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research on age - related impaired wound healing suggests that the decline in sex steroid hormones with age may have a substantial influence on the inflammatory response in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical and systemic estrogen treatments have shown an increased rate of healing by reducing inflammation , however the underlying mechanisms are little understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro studies also suggest progesterone may play a role in modulating inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macrophages are essential mediators of inflammation and wound healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macrophages can be activated in a classical or alternative manner in parallel with the T ( H ) 1 / T ( H ) 2 dichotomy , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "T ( H ) 1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "T ( H ) 2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a murine incisional wound healing model this study was carried out to investigate the roles of estrogen and progesterone on macrophage activation during the wound healing response .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest with a reduction of steroid hormones following ovariectomy , alternatively activated macrophage markers ( Fizz1 and Ym1 ) were reduced , with this effect being reversed with the administration of estrogen or progesterone ; suggesting that with the reduction of steroid hormones macrophages are activated in a classical manner , promoting inflammation , whereas estrogen or progesterone are contributing toward macrophage activation in an alternative manner , driving wound repair , angiogenesis , and remodeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [299, 310]}, {"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [431, 441]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [488, 493]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart sound and electrocardiogram recording devices for telemedicine environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is currently a worldwide trend to bring healthcare services as close as possible to the patient , either through home healthcare systems , or telemedicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is thus a general need for equipment that can capture patient data electronically for automated review or analysis by a medical practitioner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper presents prototype systems that were developed with the ultimate aim for use in telemedicine settings in rural Africa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These devices can be used to electronically capture data on patients from several sensors in a quick an easy manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our presented cases we focus on cardiovascular information .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the main advantages of the proposed systems is that the data are captured simultaneously from multiple sensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data can be stored and sent electronically for review and analysis , and knowledge - based systems or neural network type models can be used in the future for semi - autonomous screening of the recordings , before a patient is referred to a specialist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of platelet - rich plasma and fibrin glue on healing of critical - size calvarial bone defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet - rich plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 32]}, {"entity": "calvarial bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the insufficient number of experimental studies , platelet - rich plasma ( PRP ) including high amounts of growth factors is introduced to clinical use rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet - rich plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PRP and platelet - poor plasma ( PPP ) on healing of critical - size bone defects . Bilateral full - thickness , critical - size bone defects were created in the parietal bones of 32 rabbits , which had been studied in 4 groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "platelet - poor plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "PPP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "parietal bones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saline , thrombin solution , PPP , and PRP were applied to the created defects before closure .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiologic defect area measurement results at 0 , 4 , and 16 weeks were compared between the groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , densities of the newly formed bones at 16th week were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "bones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histologic parameters ( primary and secondary bone trabecula , neovascularization , and bone marrow and connective tissue formation ) were compared between 4 - and 16 - week groups . More rapid decrease in defect size was observed in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2 , both in the 4th and 16th weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone trabecula", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "connective tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly formed bone densities were also found to be higher in these 2 groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New bone formation was detected to be more rapid considering histologic parameters , in groups 3 and 4 at 4th and 16th weeks . Study demonstrates that PRP and PPP might have favorable effects on bone healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "PPP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although we cannot reveal any statistical difference between these 2 substances considering osteoinductive potential , PRP group has demonstrated superior results compared with fibrin glue group .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher platelet concentrations may expose beneficial effects of PRP .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "PRP", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Host - derived angiopoietin - 2 affects early stages of tumor development and vessel maturation but is dispensable for later stages of tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The angiopoietin / Tie2 system has been identified as the second vascular - specific receptor tyrosine kinase system controlling vessel assembly , maturation , and quiescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiopoietin - 2 ( Ang - 2 ) is prominently up - regulated in the host - derived vasculature of most tumors , making it an attractive candidate for antiangiogenic intervention .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , the net outcome of Ang - 2 functions on tumor angiogenesis is believed to be contextual depending on the local cytokine milieu .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondingly , Ang - 2 manipulatory therapies have been shown to exert protumorigenic as well as antitumorigenic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the role of Ang - 2 for angiogenesis and tumor growth in a definite genetic experimental setting , the present study was aimed at comparatively studying the growth of different tumors in wild - type and Ang - 2 - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lewis lung carcinomas , MT - ret melanomas , and B16F10 melanomas all grew slower in Ang - 2 - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "MT - ret melanomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "B16F10 melanomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , tumor growth in wild - type and Ang - 2 - deficient mice dissociated during early stages of tumor development , whereas tumor growth rates during later stages of primary tumor progression were similar .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "primary tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the intratumoral vascular architecture revealed no major differences in microvessel density and perfusion characteristics .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral vascular architecture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 50]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , diameters of intratumoral microvessels were smaller in tumors grown in Ang - 2 - deficient mice , and the vasculature had an altered pattern of pericyte recruitment and maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral microvessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 48]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ang - 2 - deficient tumor vessels had higher pericyte coverage indices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - 2 - deficient tumor vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recruited pericytes were desmin and NG2 positive and predominately alpha - smooth muscle actin negative , indicative of a more mature pericyte phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "pericytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "pericyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , the experiments define the role of Ang - 2 during tumor angiogenesis and establish a better rationale for combination therapies involving Ang - 2 manipulatory therapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liposomal honokiol inhibits VEGF - D - induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in xenograft tumor model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liposomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "xenograft tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymph nodes metastasis of tumor could be a crucial early step in the metastatic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of tumor lymphangiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor - D may play an important role in promoting tumor metastasis to regional lymph nodes and these processes can be inhibited by inactivation of the VEGFR - 3 signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honokiol has been reported to possess potent antiangiogenesis and antitumor properties in several cell lines and xenograft tumor models .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "xenograft tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its role in tumor - associated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis remains unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "lymphatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we established lymph node metastasis models by injecting overexpressing VEGF - D Lewis lung carcinoma cells into C57BL / 6 mice to explore the effect of honokiol on tumor - associated lymphangiogenesis and related lymph node metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Lewis lung carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 114]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [221, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underlying mechanisms were systematically investigated in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In in vivo study , liposomal honokiol significantly inhibited the tumor - associated lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma model .", "entity": [{"entity": "liposomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Lewis lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A remarkable delay of tumor growth and prolonged life span were also observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In in vitro study , honokiol inhibited VEGF - D - induced survival , proliferation and tube - formation of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) and lymphatic vascular endothelial cells ( HLECs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tube -", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "human umbilical vein endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 150]}, {"entity": "HUVECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "lymphatic vascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 202]}, {"entity": "HLECs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blotting analysis showed that liposomal honokiol - inhibited Akt and MAPK phosphorylation in 2 endothelial cells , and downregulated expressions of VEGFR - 2 of human vascular endothelial cells and VEGFR - 3 of lymphatic endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "liposomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "vascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 201]}, {"entity": "lymphatic endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we identified for the first time that honokiol provided therapeutic benefit not only by direct effects on tumor cells and antiangiogenesis but also by inhibiting lymphangiogenesis and metastasis via the VEGFR - 3 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present findings may be of importance to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the spread of cancer via the lymphatics and explore the therapeutical strategy of honokiol on antilymphangiogenesis and antimetastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "lymphatics", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short pigment epithelial - derived factor - derived peptide inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Pigment epithelial - derived factor ( PEDF ) is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor with multiple other functions , some of which enhance tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous studies mapped PEDF antiangiogenic and prosurvival activities to distinct epitopes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was aimed to determine the minimal fragment of PEDF , which maintains antiangiogenic and antitumor efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : We analyzed antigenicity , hydrophilicity , and charge distribution of the angioinhibitory epitope ( the 34 - mer ) and designed three peptides covering its COOH terminus , P14 , P18 , and P23 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed their ability to block endothelial cell chemotaxis and induce apoptosis in vitro and their antiangiogenic activity in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selected peptide was tested for the antitumor activity against mildly aggressive xenografted prostate carcinoma and highly aggressive renal cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "prostate carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To verify that P18 acts in the same manner as PEDF , we used immunohistochemistry to measure PEDF targets , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 , and CD95 ligand expression in P18 - treated vasculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : P14 and P18 blocked endothelial cell chemotaxis ; P18 and P23 induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P18 showed the highest IC50 and blocked angiogenesis in vivo : P23 was inactive and P14 was proangiogenic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P18 increased the production of CD95 ligand and reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 by the endothelial cells in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In tumor studies , P18 was more effective in blocking the angiogenesis and growth of the prostate cancer than parental 34 - mer ; in the renal cell carcinoma , P18 strongly decreased angiogenesis and halted the progression of established tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 157]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [238, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : P18 is a novel and potent antiangiogenic biotherapeutic agent that has potential to be developed for the treatment of prostate and renal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "renal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An introduction to evidence - based practice for hand surgeons and therapists .", "entity": [{"entity": "hand", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence - based practice is a methodical approach to clinical practice where experience , best research evidence , and patient goals and values are integrated to make optimal decisions when making a diagnosis , selecting a diagnostic test , picking an intervention or determining prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are five steps in this process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hand surgeons and therapists can use the evidence - based process to attain optimal management of individual patients , manage their overall practice , guide the ongoing professional development , and deal with funding and policy makers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hand", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged control of patterned biofilm formation by bio - inert surface chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "biofilm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bio - inert surface chemistry was developed that can confine biofilm formation in designed patterns for at least 26 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "biofilm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women ' s attitudes , preferences , and perceived barriers to treatment for perinatal depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perinatal depression is associated with potential negative consequences for the mother and infant , and therefore efforts to improve treatment access and efficacy are warranted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to examine pregnant women ' s preferences and attitudes about treatment for depression , and perceived potential barriers to accessing treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were collected by means of a questionnaire from a convenience sample of 509 predominantly well - educated , high - income , married women in the northeastern United States during the last trimester of pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were queried as to treatment modalities in which they would most likely participate if they wanted help for depression , their attitudes toward psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments , and perceived barriers to receiving help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most women ( 92 % ) indicated that would likely participate in individual therapy if help was needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 35 percent stated that they would likely take medication if recommended , and 14 percent indicated that they would participate in group therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest perceived potential barriers to treatment were lack of time ( 65 % ) , stigma ( 43 % ) , and childcare issues ( 33 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most women indicated a preference to receive mental health care at the obstetrics clinic , either from their obstetrics practitioner or from a mental health practitioner located at the clinic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors associated with acceptability of various depression treatments are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding what prevents women from seeking or obtaining help for depression and determining what they prefer in the way of treatment may lead to improved depression treatment rates and hold promise for improving the overall health of childbearing women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinct role of PLCbeta3 in VEGF - mediated directional migration and vascular sprouting .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial cell proliferation and migration is essential to angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , proliferation and chemotaxis of endothelial cells is driven by growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VEGF activates phospholipases ( PLCs ) - specifically PLCgamma1 - that are important for tubulogenesis , differentiation and DNA synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we show here that VEGF , specifically through VEGFR2 , induces phosphorylation of two serine residues on PLCbeta3 , and this was confirmed in an ex vivo embryoid body model .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryoid body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of PLCbeta3 in HUVEC cells affects IP3 production , actin reorganization , migration and proliferation ; whereas migration is inhibited , proliferation is enhanced .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUVEC cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that enhanced proliferation is precipitated by an accelerated cell cycle , and decreased migration by an inability to activate CDC42 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that PLCbeta3 is typically known as an effector of heterotrimeric G - proteins , our data demonstrate a unique crosstalk between the G - protein and receptor tyrosine kinase ( RTK ) axes and reveal a novel molecular mechanism of VEGF signaling and , thus , angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of tracheal intubation on host defenses and risks for nosocomial pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "tracheal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nosocomial pneumonia remains a common complication in patients treated with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and continues to have a significant impact on the mortality rate of these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "endotracheal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiologic studies have shown that the risk of pneumonia increases with the duration of intubation but that the period of highest risk is the first 2 weeks of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gram - negative bacteria account for most nosocomial pneumonias in intubated patients , but Staphylococcus aureus may also play a role in what may be a polymicrobial infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the most seriously ill individuals , and in those treated with long - term mechanical ventilation , Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation predispose to pneumonia for a variety of reasons ( see Fig . 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endotracheal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endotracheal tube can have direct effects on the airway that result in a reduction in local host defenses .", "entity": [{"entity": "endotracheal tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , mucosal injury can reduce mucociliary function , while upper airway defenses are bypassed and the effectiveness of cough is reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucosal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "mucociliary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indirectly , intubation can result in an enhanced capacity of tracheobronchial cells to bind gram - negative bacteria , an effect that favors airway colonization and pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "tracheobronchial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 84]}, {"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The injury to the airway can create binding sites for bacteria in the basement membrane of the bronchial tree and the stimulation of the secretion of mucus , which then stagnates and can create potential sites for bacterial adherence .", "entity": [{"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "basement membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "bronchial tree", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "mucus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endotracheal tube also enhances bacterial entry to the lung by serving as a reservoir for bacteria to remain sequestered , safe from host defenses .", "entity": [{"entity": "endotracheal tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respiratory therapy devices can allow bacteria to proliferate and can then introduce them into the patient if not handled properly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Respiratory", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , patients who are ill enough to require intubation also have disease - associated impairments in systemic host defense , which add to the impairments caused by the use of an artificial airway .", "entity": [{"entity": "airway", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The host defense impairments that occur in mechanically ventilated patients can lead to respiratory tract infection in the form of either febrile tracheobronchitis or pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory tract", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis of pneumonia in intubated patients is difficult and controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be made by either clinical criteria or microbiologic criteria , the latter by using a bronchoscopically directed protected specimen brush .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapy of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients is not always successful , and systemic antibiotics may need to be supplemented by topical antimicrobials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No clearly effective prophylactic strategy currently exists , but our understanding of pneumonia pathogenesis has led to some promising directions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As more data are collected , inhaled antibiotics , selective digestive decontamination , and enhancement of host defenses by cytokines and pre - formed antibodies may emerge as useful approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antivascular actions of microtubule - binding drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antivascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubule - binding drugs ( MBD ) are widely used in cancer chemotherapy and also have clinically relevant antiangiogenic and vascular - disrupting properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These antivascular actions are due in part to direct effects on endothelial cells , and all MBDs ( both microtubule - stabilizing and microtubule - destabilizing ) inhibit endothelial cell proliferation , migration , and tube formation in vitro , actions that are thought to correspond to therapeutic antiangiogenic actions .", "entity": [{"entity": "antivascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the microtubule - destabilizing agents cause prominent changes in endothelial cell morphology , an action associated with rapid vascular collapse in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects on endothelial cells occur in vitro at low drug concentrations , which do not affect microtubule gross morphology , do not cause microtubule bundling or microtubule loss and do not induce cell cycle arrest , apoptosis , or cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 204]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather , it has been hypothesized that , at low concentrations , MBDs produce more subtle effects on microtubule dynamics , block critical cell signaling pathways , and prevent the microtubules from properly interacting with transient subcellular assemblies ( focal adhesions and adherens junctions ) whose subsequent stabilization and / or maturation are required for cell motility and cell - cell interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "microtubules", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "subcellular assemblies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [235, 257]}, {"entity": "focal adhesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [260, 275]}, {"entity": "adherens junctions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 298]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [369, 373]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [387, 391]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [394, 398]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will focus on recent studies to define the molecular mechanisms for the antivascular actions of the MBDs , information that could be useful in the identification or design of agents whose actions more selectively target the tumor vasculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "antivascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "tumor vasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [236, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurovascular effects of CD47 signaling : promotion of cell death , inflammation , and suppression of angiogenesis in brain endothelial cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "brain endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of the neurovascular unit emphasizes that common signals and substrates underlie the physiology and pathophysiology of neuronal and endothelial compartments in brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "neuronal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "endothelial compartments", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 168]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent data suggest that activation of the integrin - associated protein CD47 promotes neuronal cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuronal cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it possible that CD47 may also negatively affect cerebral endothelial cells ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of wild - type primary mouse cerebral endothelial cells to the CD47 ligand thrombospondin 1 ( TSP - 1 ) induced an increasing amount of cell death , whereas cytotoxicity was significantly decreased in cerebral endothelial cells derived from CD47 knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 64]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "cerebral endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific CD47 - activating peptide , 4N1K , similarly induced cell death in human brain microvascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "brain microvascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promotion of inflammation was also involved because lower TSP - 1 was able to up - regulate the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , CD47 signaling may suppress angiogenesis because 4N1K significantly inhibited endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that CD47 signaling can negatively affect the viability and function of cerebral endothelial cells , further supporting the notion that CD47 may be a potential neurovascular target for stroke and brain injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 110]}, {"entity": "neurovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 185]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cisplatin reduces endothelial cell migration via regulation of type 2 - matrix metalloproteinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : In this study we investigated the effect of cisplatin on endothelial cell migration , an essential process for vascular remodeling and regeneration in several physiological and pathological situations .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS : Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) were treated with cisplatin and endothelial cell migration analyzed by fluorescence and scratch - wound migration assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human umbilical vein endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 61]}, {"entity": "HUVEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "scratch - wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MMP2 and MMP9 activity were determined by zymographic assay , and MAPK activation by Western blotting analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We demonstrated that cisplatin provoked a time - and dose - dependent decrease of HUVEC migration ; this effect was clearly independent from its well known cytotoxic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUVEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , cisplatin markedly reduced MMP2 activity in both conditioned media and cell lysates , increased p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation , but did not affect ERK phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lysates", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial cell migration was attenuated by treatment of cells with GM6001 , a non - specific inhibitor of MMPs , or by a selective anti - MMP2 antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , treatment of cells with SB202190 or SP600125 , inhibitors of p38 MAPK and JNK respectively , did not affect HUVEC migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "HUVEC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results suggested that cisplatin induced a reduction of endothelial cell migration through an inhibition of MMP2 activity by downstream signal transduction pathways independent of JNK and p38 MAPK activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modulation of platelet and endothelial cell adhesion to vascular graft materials by perlecan .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "vascular graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlled neo - endothelialisation is critical to the patency of small diameter vascular grafts .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelialisation and platelet adhesion to purified endothelial cell - derived perlecan , the major heparan sulfate ( HS ) proteoglycan in basement membranes , were investigated using in vivo and in vitro assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "basement membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) vascular grafts were coated with perlecan and tested in an ovine carotid interposition model for a period of 6 weeks and assessed using light and scanning microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "carotid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced endothelial cell growth and reduced platelet adhesion were observed on the perlecan coated grafts when compared to uncoated controls implanted in the same sheep ( n = 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perlecan was also found to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation in vitro over a period of 6 days in the presence of plasma proteins and fibroblastic growth factor 2 ( FGF - 2 ) , however in the absence of FGF - 2 endothelial cell growth could not be maintained during this period .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perlecan was found to be anti - adhesive for platelets , however after removal of the HS chains attached to perlecan , platelet adhesion and aggregation were supported .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest a role for HS chains of perlecan in improving graft patency by selectively promoting endothelial cell proliferation while modulating platelet adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumour angiogenesis : its mechanism and therapeutic implications in malignant gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "malignant gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis is a key event in the progression of malignant gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of microvascular proliferation leads to the histological diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "glioblastoma multiforme", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumour angiogenesis involves multiple cellular processes including endothelial cell proliferation , migration , reorganisation of extracellular matrix and tube formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "tube", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These processes are regulated by numerous pro - angiogenic and anti - angiogenic growth factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed to interrupt the angiogenic process at the growth factor , receptor tyrosine kinase and intracellular kinase levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other anti - angiogenic therapies alter the immune response and endogeneous angiogenesis inhibitor levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most anti - angiogenic therapies for malignant gliomas are in Phase I / II trials and only modest efficacies are reported for monotherapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest potential for angiogenesis inhibitors may lie in their ability to combine safely with chemotherapy and radiotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of thrombospondin - 1 by natural and synthetic progestins in human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our recent studies show that progestins induce vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in breast cancer cells that express mutant p53 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that natural and synthetic progestins also induce thrombospondin - 1 ( TSP - 1 ) mRNA and protein in T47 - D and BT - 474 breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T47 - D", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "BT - 474 breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiprogestin RU - 486 inhibits the induction of VEGF and TSP - 1 by progestins , suggesting that this effect of progestin is mediated by the progesterone receptor ( PR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actinomycin - D , but not puromycin , also blocks progestin - dependent induction of TSP - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A putative progestin - response element was identified in the human TSP - 1 promoter , which is consistent with the hypothesis that a progestin - PR complex might directly regulate transcription of the TSP - 1 gene in human cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditioned medium from progestin - treated breast cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell proliferation in the absence though not in the presence of antibody to TSP - 1 , indicating that TSP - 1 secreted by breast cancer cells could be pro - angiogenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "breast cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since tumor cell - derived TSP - 1 has the potential to promote angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment , it could be a potential target for breast cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WNT / TCF signaling through LEF1 and HOXB9 mediates lung adenocarcinoma metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma can occur swiftly to multiple organs within months of diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "organs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms that confer this rapid metastatic capacity to lung tumors are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the canonical WNT / TCF pathway is identified here as a determinant of metastasis to brain and bone during lung adenocarcinoma progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "lung adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression signatures denoting WNT / TCF activation are associated with relapse to multiple organs in primary lung adenocarcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "organs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "primary lung adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastatic subpopulations isolated from independent lymph node - derived lung adenocarcinoma cell lines harbor a hyperactive WNT / TCF pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metastatic subpopulations", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "lung adenocarcinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of TCF activity in these cells attenuates their ability to form brain and bone metastases in mice , independently of effects on tumor growth in the lungs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "bone metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "lungs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WNT / TCF target genes HOXB9 and LEF1 are identified as mediators of chemotactic invasion and colony outgrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "colony", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a distinct WNT / TCF signaling program through LEF1 and HOXB9 enhances the competence of lung adenocarcinoma cells to colonize the bones and the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung adenocarcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "bones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a video summary of this article , see the PaperFlick file available with the online Supplemental Data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c - Ski overexpression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis through inhibition of transforming growth factor - beta signaling in diffuse - type gastric carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "gastric carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c - Ski , originally identified as a proto - oncogene product , is an important negative regulator of transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - beta family signaling through interaction with Smad2 , Smad3 , and Smad4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High expression of c - Ski has been found in some cancers , including gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously showed that disruption of TGF - beta signaling by dominant - negative TGF - beta type II receptor in a diffuse - type gastric carcinoma model accelerated tumor growth through induction of tumor angiogenesis by decreased expression of the anti - angiogenic factor thrombospondin ( TSP ) - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examined the function of c - Ski in human diffuse - type gastric carcinoma OCUM - 2MLN cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "OCUM - 2MLN cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of c - Ski inhibited TGF - beta signaling in OCUM - 2MLN cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "OCUM - 2MLN cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , c - Ski overexpression resulted in extensive acceleration of the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in BALB / c nu / nu female mice ( 6 weeks of age ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "subcutaneous xenografts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to tumors expressing dominant - negative TGF - beta type II receptor , histochemical studies revealed less fibrosis and increased angiogenesis in xenografted tumors expressing c - Ski compared to control tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of TSP - 1 mRNA by TGF - beta was attenuated by c - Ski in vitro , and expression of TSP - 1 mRNA was decreased in tumors expressing c - Ski in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that c - Ski overexpression promotes the growth of diffuse - type gastric carcinoma through induction of angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis - a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis is the biologic process of forming new blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Undoubtedly , blood vessels growth regulation is a vital aspect in health and disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under physiological conditions , angiogenesis is regulated by local balance between endogenous stimulators and inhibitors of this process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many diseases state body loses control over angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis - dependent diseases result when new blood vessels either grow excessively or insufficiently .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insufficient angiogenesis occurs in diseases such as coronary artery disease , stroke and chronic wounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial ischemia both acute and chronic has been clearly shown to stimulate angiogenesis in many experimental models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic angiogenesis is the biological agents or bioactive material to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional coronary revascularization therapies such as coronary angioplasty or bypass graft surgery , act by restoring blood flow through the preexisting coronary vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "coronary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "bypass graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "coronary vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One limitation of these approaches , however , may be the failure to normalize myocardial perfusion , due to the concomitant presence or small of resistance vessel disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , therapeutic angiogenesis is based on the concept that coronary collateral development may be stimulated by pharmacological or molecular means and can limit myocardial ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary collateral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies , both in human and animal models support the notion that , various angiogenic growth factors and progenitor cells can enhance new blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) , recombinant proteins and bone marrow stem cells are currently used therapeutic stimulators for angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As coronary artery disease is the major cause of death in the developed societies and also an emerging health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh therapeutic angiogenesis may provide hope as a new treatment modality for ischemic heart disease with or in place of current therapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [241, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of uteroglobin for the engineering of polyvalent , polyspecific fusion proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a novel strategy to engineer and express stable and soluble human recombinant polyvalent / polyspecific fusion proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The procedure is based on the use of a central skeleton of uteroglobin , a small and very soluble covalently linked homodimeric protein that is very resistant to proteolytic enzymes and to pH variations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a human recombinant antibody ( scFv ) specific for the angiogenesis marker domain B of fibronectin , interleukin 2 , and an scFv able to neutralize tumor necrosis factor - alpha , we expressed various biologically active uteroglobin fusion proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrate the possibility to generate monospecific divalent and tetravalent antibodies , immunocytokines , and dual specificity tetravalent antibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , compared with similar fusion proteins in which uteroglobin was not used , the use of uteroglobin improved properties of solubility and stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , in the reported cases it was possible to vacuum dry and reconstitute the proteins without any aggregation or loss in protein and biological activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping of the L - methylmalonyl - CoA mutase gene to mouse chromosome 17 .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , methylmalonyl acidemia is caused by a deficiency of L - methylmalonyl - CoA mutase ( MUT ) controlled by a gene that has been mapped to chromosome 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 6", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mouse homolog of this gene has now been mapped to mouse chromosome 17 .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant inbred and congenic strains place the mouse Mut locus 1 . 06 cM distal to H - 2 , between Pgk - 2 and Ce - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative order of syntenic probes flanking H - 2 on mouse chromosome 17 and HLA on human chromosome 6 is shown to be different .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome 17", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "chromosome 6", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Netrin - 1 up - regulation in inflammatory bowel diseases is required for colorectal cancer progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "bowel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic inflammation and cancer are intimately associated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is particularly true for inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD ) , such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn ' s disease , which show a major increased risk for colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "bowel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "ulcerative", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IBD has recently improved , the mechanisms that link these chronic inflammatory states to colorectal cancer development are in large part unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these mechanisms is NF - kappaB pathway activation which in turn may contribute to tumor formation by providing anti - apoptotic survival signals to the epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the observation that netrin - 1 , the anti - apoptotic ligand for the dependence receptors DCC and UNC5H is up - regulated in colonic crypts in response to NF - kappaB , we show here that colorectal cancers from inflammatory bowel diseases patients have selected up - regulation of netrin - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "colonic crypts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 215]}, {"entity": "bowel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [234, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we demonstrate that this inflammation - driven netrin - 1 up - regulation is causal for colorectal cancer development as interference with netrin - 1 autocrine loop in a mouse model for ulcerative colitis - associated colorectal cancer , while showing no effect on inflammation , inhibits colorectal cancer progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "ulcerative", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [229, 246]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [300, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Prognostic significance of cellular vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression in the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia ]", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "chronic myeloid leukaemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Increased angiogenesis in bone marrow is one of the characteristics of chronic myeloid leukaemia ( CML ) , a clonal myeloproliferative disorder that expresses a chimeric bcr / abl protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "chronic myeloid leukaemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 111]}, {"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is one of the most potent and a specific regulator of angiogenesis which principally targets endothelial cells and regulates several of their functions , including mitogenesis , permeability and migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of elevated VEGF expression on the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic myeloid leukaemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was the follow - up of VEGF expression during the course of CML .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We studied VEGF expression of 85 CML patients ( median age 50 years , range 16 - 75 years ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the commencement of the study , 29 patients were in chronic phase ( CP ) , 25 in an accelerated phase ( AP ) , and 31 in the blast crisis ( BC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temporal expression ( percentage positivity per 1000 analysed cells ) VEGF proteins over the course of CML were studied using the immunohistochemical technique utilizing relevant monoclonal antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was correlated with the laboratory ( Hb , WBC and platelet counts , and the percentage of blasts ) and clinical parameters ( organomegaly , duration of CP , AP , and BC ) of disease progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "WBC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The expression ofVEGF protein was most pronounced in AP ( ANOVA , p = 0 . 033 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of VEGF expression correlated inversely with the degree of splenomegaly ( Pearson , r = - 0 . 400 , p = 0 . 011 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenomegaly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High expression of VEGF correlated with a shorter overall survival ( log rank , p = 0 . 042 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Immunohistochemically confirmed significance of the expression of VEGF in dependence of the CML stage could be of clinical importance in deciding on the timing therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that VEGF plays a role in the biology of CML and that VEGF inhibitors should be investigated in CML .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pbx1 is a downstream target of Evi - 1 in hematopoietic stem / progenitors and leukemic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic stem / progenitors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 74]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecotropic viral integration site - 1 ( Evi - 1 ) is a nuclear transcription factor , which is essential for the proliferation / maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 167]}, {"entity": "HSCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrant expression of Evi - 1 has been frequently found in myeloid leukemia , and is associated with a poor patient survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we reported candidate target genes of Evi - 1 shared in HSCs and leukemic cells using gene expression profiling analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we identified Pbx1 , a proto - oncogene in hematopoietic malignancy , as a target gene of Evi - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic malignancy", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of Evi - 1 increased Pbx1 expression in hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analysis of the Pbx1 promoter region revealed that Evi - 1 upregulates Pbx1 transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , reduction of Pbx1 levels through RNAi - mediated knockdown significantly inhibited Evi - 1 - induced transformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , knockdown of Pbx1 did not impair bone marrow transformation by E2A / HLF or AML1 / ETO , suggesting that Pbx1 is specifically required for the maintenance of bone marrow transformation mediated by Evi - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Pbx1 is a target gene of Evi - 1 involved in Evi - 1 - mediated leukemogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor Angiogenesis : Initiation and Targeting - Therapeutic Targeting of an FGF - Binding Protein , an Angiogenic Switch Molecule , and Indicator of Early Stages of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas - .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor - binding protein ( FGF - BP ) as a chaperone molecule , which binds to various FGFs , enhances FGF - mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate - limiting factor for tumor - dependent angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [263, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF - BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF - BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [181, 189]}, {"entity": "colorectal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [194, 214]}, {"entity": "tissue samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [227, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that FGF - BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "pancreatic adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "pancreatic adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF - BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high - risk premalignant lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "premalignant lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [202, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the biological activity of FGF - BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody - based therapeutic targeting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Range of motion limitation after rotator cuff repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "rotator cuff", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HYPOTHESIS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was conducted to identify preoperative factors correlating with limited motion after rotator cuff repair ( RCR ) and to evaluate the affect of loss of motion on outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "rotator cuff", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that patients with preoperative ROM loss , diabetes , and workman ' s compensation claims would exhibit postoperative ROM loss at 3 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preoperative and postoperative evaluations , including outcomes assessment and physical examination parameters , were reviewed for 345 patients who underwent RCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlations between demographic , physical examination , and surgical variables and postoperative limitation of motion and need for capsular release were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 3 - month follow - up , mean active forward elevation ( AFE ) , active external rotation ( AER ) , and passive internal rotation ( PIR ) were 90 % , 78 % , and 80 % of the contralateral side .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limitation of preoperative motion correlated with limitation of postoperative AFE , AER , and PIR ( P < . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - seven patients considered clinically stiff were followed at 1 year postoperatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients required arthroscopic capsular release for persistent range of motion loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early postoperative limitation of motion after RCR is associated with restricted preoperative motion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other factors , including diabetes mellitus and worker ' s compensation claim , are also associated with range of motion loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most shoulders with early motion loss recover motion and rarely require capsular release .", "entity": [{"entity": "shoulders", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of hypoxia in 2 - butoxyethanol - induced hemangiosarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying compound - induced hemangiosarcomas in mice , and therefore , their human relevance , a systems biology approach was undertaken using transcriptomics and Causal Network Modeling from mice treated with 2 - butoxyethanol ( 2 - BE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemangiosarcomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - BE is a hemolytic agent that induces hemangiosarcomas in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemangiosarcomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that the hemolysis induced by 2 - BE would result in local tissue hypoxia , a well - documented trigger for endothelial cell proliferation leading to hemangiosarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 140]}, {"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression data from bone marrow ( BM ) , liver , and spleen of mice exposed to a single dose ( 4 h ) or seven daily doses of 2 - BE were used to develop a mechanistic model of hemangiosarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "BM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "spleen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting mechanistic model confirms previous work proposing that 2 - BE induces macrophage activation and inflammation in the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the model supports local tissue hypoxia in the liver and spleen , coupled with increased erythropoeitin signaling and erythropoiesis in the spleen and BM , and suppression of mechanisms that contribute to genomic stability , events that could be contributing factors to hemangiosarcoma formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "spleen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "spleen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "BM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 167]}, {"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [284, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , an immunohistochemistry method ( Hypoxyprobe ) demonstrated that tissue hypoxia was present in the spleen and BM .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "spleen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "BM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , the results of this study identify molecular mechanisms that initiate hemangiosarcoma , a key step in understanding safety concerns that can impact drug decision processes , and identified hypoxia as a possible contributing factor for 2 - BE - induced hemangiosarcoma in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "hemangiosarcoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [263, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic endocrine tumors : expression profiling evidences a role for AKT - mTOR pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pancreatic endocrine tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : We investigated the global gene expression in a large panel of pancreatic endocrine tumors ( PETs ) aimed at identifying new potential targets for therapy and biomarkers to predict patient outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic endocrine tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "PETs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : Using a custom microarray , we analyzed 72 primary PETs , seven matched metastases , and 10 normal pancreatic samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary PETs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "pancreatic samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant differentially expressed genes were validated by either quantitative real - time polymerase chain reaction or immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our data showed that : tuberous sclerosis 2 ( TSC2 ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN ) were downregulated in most of the primary tumors , and their low expression was significantly associated with shorter disease - free and overall survival ; somatostatin receptor 2 ( SSTR2 ) was absent or very low in insulinomas compared with nonfunctioning tumors ; and expression of fibroblast growth factor 13 ( FGF13 ) gene was significantly associated with the occurrence of liver metastasis and shorter disease - free survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "insulinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [323, 334]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [364, 370]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [486, 491]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TSC2 and PTEN are two key inhibitors of the Akt / mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) pathway and the specific inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or RAD001 inhibited cell proliferation of PET cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "PET cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our results strongly support a role for PI3K / Akt / mTOR pathway in PET , which ties in with the fact that mTOR inhibitors have reached phase III trials in neuroendocrine tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "PET", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "neuroendocrine tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding of differential SSTR expression raises the potential for SSTR expression to be evaluated as a marker of response to somatostatin analogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we identified FGF13 as a new prognostic marker that predicted poorer outcome in patients who were clinically considered free from disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neural network analysis of spectroscopic data of lycopene and beta - carotene content in food samples compared to HPLC - UV - vis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study a neural network ( NN ) model was designed to predict lycopene and beta - carotene concentrations in food samples , combined with a simple and fast technique , such as UV - vis spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurement of the absorbance at 446 and 502 nm of different beta - carotene and lycopene standard mixtures was used to optimize a neural network based on a multilayer perceptron ( MLP ) ( learning and verification process ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , for validation purposes , the optimized NN has been applied to determine the concentration of both compounds in food samples ( fresh tomato , tomato concentrate , tomato sauce , ketchup , tomato juice , watermelon , medlar , green pepper , and carrots ) , comparing the NN results with the known values of these compounds obtained by analytical techniques ( UV - vis and HPLC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomato", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "tomato", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "tomato", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "tomato juice", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "watermelon", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "medlar", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 229]}, {"entity": "green pepper", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [232, 244]}, {"entity": "carrots", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [251, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that when the MLP - NN is used within the range studied , the optimized NN is able to estimate the beta - carotene and lycopene concentrations in food samples with an adequate accuracy , solving the UV - vis interference of beta - carotene and lycopene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICAM - 3 enhances the migratory and invasive potential of human non - small cell lung cancer cells by inducing MMP - 2 and MMP - 9 via Akt and CREB .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that intercellular adhesion molecule - 3 ( ICAM - 3 ) is associated with an increase of cellular radio - resistance and cancer cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we hypothesized that ICAM - 3 has an additional effect on cancer cell migration and invasion because molecules induced by ICAM - 3 are known as regulators of cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine this hypothesis , we used NCI - H1299 non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) cell line ( p53 and PTEN null cell ) and constructed an ICAM - 3 - over - expressing stable transfectant , which exhibited increased cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCI - H1299 non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 97]}, {"entity": "p53 and PTEN null cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 122]}, {"entity": "transfectant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased migration and invasion resulted from up - regulation of expression and activities of MMP - 2 and MMP - 9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICAM - 3 also increased Akt phosphorylation , which caused an increase in cellular migration / invasion and MMP activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity of several transcriptional factors located downstream in the Akt pathway was also tested , and constitutive activation of adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate response element - binding protein ( CREB ) by ICAM - 3 was detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockage of the Akt pathway attenuated CREB activation , and a decrease in CREB expression reduced cellular migration / invasion and activity of MMPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result indicates that CREB functions in the signaling pathway between Akt and MMP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also showed ICAM - 3 - induced cell migration and invasion in NCI - H460 NSCLC cells ( wild - type p53 and PTEN cell ) through the same signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "NCI - H460 NSCLC cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "wild - type p53 and PTEN cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our findings suggest that ICAM - 3 stimulates cancer cell migration / invasion via ICAM - 3 / Akt / CREB / MMP pathway regardless of p53 and PTEN status , and this reflects the possibility that ICAM - 3 could be considered as a candidate for anti - cancer drug development and as a cancer diagnostic marker .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [266, 272]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [299, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costs of hip fracture .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rehabilitation of 180 patients in primary health care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costs related to functional status were calculated for 180 consecutive hip fracture patients ( mean age 78 years ) who were admitted from their own home and rehabilitated in primary health care .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within 4 months after the fracture , 75 percent of the patients had been discharged to their own home , 9 percent were dead , and the short - term medical treatment costs per patient were SEK 43 , 000 , whereas the total costs including communal help and costs for living accommodations after discharge were twice as high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total costs per patient for long - term medical treatment ( from 4 months up to 3 years after fracture ) were 7 percent of the short - term medical treatment costs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with a cervical fracture discharged to their own home and with good functional status consumed only one fifth of the resources that patients with a trochanteric fracture discharged to institutional care and who had reduced functional status consumed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "trochanteric", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A substantial part of the costs can be saved by improved organization of rehabilitation after discharge from the hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A further cost reduction would require a combination of technologic , social , and organizational changes aimed at early discharge and continued follow - up in primary health care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of p53 in glucose metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p53 protein functions to prevent tumour development by inhibiting the outgrowth of stressed or damaged cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to well established functions to block cell proliferation , recent studies have revealed a role for p53 in the regulation of pathways involved in glucose metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolic functions of p53 resist the shift to glycolysis that is characteristically seen in cancers , and also help cells adapt to and survive limited periods of metabolic stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such activities of p53 would not only help to prevent cancer development , but might also contribute to non - tumour related roles for p53 , such as in the regulation of longevity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These new functions of p53 are providing interesting possibilities for the development of novel therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 - 3 - 3zeta Overexpression and abnormal beta - catenin expression are associated with poor differentiation and progression in stage I non - small cell lung cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "stage I non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have shown that 14 - 3 - 3zeta interacted with other key cellular proteins involved in the tumor development and progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of 14 - 3 - 3zeta and beta - catenin expression and clinical significance in the same tumor tissues is limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of 14 - 3 - 3zeta and beta - catenin in stage I non - small - cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small - cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 155]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specimens of NSCLC and adjacent normal lung tissues were collected from 110 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "lung tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expressions of 14 - 3 - 3zeta and beta - catenin were detected by western blotting , double labeling immunofluorescence , confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of 14 - 3 - 3zeta was upregulated in stage I NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "stage I NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , the overexpression of 14 - 3 - 3zeta correlated with histological grades , lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal expression of beta - catenin was significantly correlated with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal beta - catenin expression was associated significantly with positive 14 - 3 - 3zeta expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , 14 - 3 - 3zeta and beta - catenin might have an important role in development , progression and metastatic process of NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 - 3 - 3zeta might be used as prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A randomized pilot study of the Engaging Moms Program for family drug court .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to the need for effective drug court interventions , the effectiveness of the Engaging Moms Program ( EMP ) versus Intensive Case Management Services ( ICMS ) on multiple outcomes for mothers enrolled in family drug court was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this intent - to - treat study , mothers ( N = 62 ) were randomly assigned to either usual drug court care or the Engaging Moms drug court program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mothers were assessed at intake and 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months following intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that at 18 months post drug court enrollment , 77 % of mothers assigned to EMP versus 55 % of mothers assigned to ICMS had positive child welfare dispositions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were statistically significant time effects for both intervention groups on multiple outcomes including substance use , mental health , parenting practices , and family functioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EMP showed equal or better improvement than ICMS on all outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that EMP in family drug court is a viable and promising intervention approach to reduce maternal addiction and child maltreatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p24 family type 1 transmembrane proteins are required for insulin biosynthesis and secretion in pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transmembrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "pancreatic beta - cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p24 protein family have multiple functions in protein transport in the early secretory pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we examined the role of p24 proteins in insulin transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several members were detected in insulinoma cell lines and rat islets and expression levels positively correlated with insulin abundance , particularly for p24delta1 and p24beta1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "islets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knocking down p24delta1 in insulinoma cell lines , which also resulted in the concomitant knock - down of other family members , impaired glucose - stimulated insulin secretion , decreased total cellular insulin content and reduced proinsulin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulinoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no effect on overall protein biosynthesis or ER stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that p24delta1 and possibly other p24 family proteins are required for normal insulin biosynthesis and subsequent secretion in pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic beta - cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of microbiota ( germ - free conditions ) accelerates the atherosclerosis in ApoE - deficient mice fed standard low cholesterol diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of our work was to determine the influence of intestinal bacteria on the development of atherosclerotic lesions using apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) - deficient knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "atherosclerotic lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experiments were performed on ApoE - / - - deficient mouse strain C57BL / 6 , bred under germ - free ( GF ) conditions for two generations or under conventional conditions with defined microflora ( CV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mice were fed a standard low cholesterol diet or cholesterol - rich diet for 3 - 4 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the development of advanced lesions in the thoracic and abdominal aorta by histological , morphometric and immunohistological methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "thoracic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "abdominal aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventionally reared ApoE - / - mice ( containing no pathogenic intestinal microbiota ) and fed a standard low cholesterol diet in contrast to a high cholesterol diet did not develop atherosclerotic aortic plaques .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "atherosclerotic aortic plaques", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , ApoE - / - mice reared under germfree conditions for 2 generations and fed a low cholesterol diet exhibited atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerotic plaques", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characteristic lipid deposition with foam cells and macrophages was found in their arterial walls .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "arterial walls", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the absence of atherosclerotic plaques in conventionally reared ApoE - deficient mice , germ - free ApoE - / - mice consuming the same low cholesterol standard diet developed atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerotic plaques", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 53]}, {"entity": "atherosclerotic plaques", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 213]}, {"entity": "aorta", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [221, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differences in atherosclerotic plaques between GF and CV ApoE - / - mice are not so apparent when mice are fed a high cholesterol diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerotic plaques", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings thus document the protective effect of microbiota ( commensal bacteria ) on atherosclerosis development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of KISS1 and MMP - 9 in non - small cell lung cancer and their relations to metastasis and survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 and matrix metalloproteinase - 9 ( MMP - 9 ) may play important roles as metastasis suppressor and metastasis promoter genes , respectively , in a variety of malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is little information about their possible roles in non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 96]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goals of this study were to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of KISS1 and MMP - 9 in NSCLC and their relations to metastasis and prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA and protein expressions of KISS1 and of MMP - 9 protein were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively in 85 cases of NSCLC , and their matched lymph node metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expressions of KISS1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in low TNM stages of NSCLC ( I - II ) compared to more advanced stages ( III - IV ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in advanced TNM stages , cases without metastasis had higher KISS1 gene expression compared to those with lymph node metastasis ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , MMP - 9 expression was higher in stage III - IV NSCLC cases compared to stage I - II tumors ( p < 0 . 05 ) and higher in NSCLC cases with metastasis than those without metastasis ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was negative correction between KISS1 and MMP - 9 protein expression ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 - year survival rate in cases with higher KISS1 protein expression was significantly higher than in those with low expression ( 20 . 9 vs . 2 . 4 % , p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the 5 - year survival rate of patients with high MMP - 9 protein expression were lower than those with low expression ( 19 vs . 4 . 7 % , p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that KISS1 and MMP - 9 may serve as potential prognostic and therapeutic markers in lung cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A generative model for image segmentation based on label fusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose a nonparametric , probabilistic model for the automatic segmentation of medical images , given a training set of images and corresponding label maps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting inference algorithms rely on pairwise registrations between the test image and individual training images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The training labels are then transferred to the test image and fused to compute the final segmentation of the test subject .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such label fusion methods have been shown to yield accurate segmentation , since the use of multiple registrations captures greater inter - subject anatomical variability and improves robustness against occasional registration failures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this manuscript presents the first comprehensive probabilistic framework that rigorously motivates label fusion as a segmentation approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed framework allows us to compare different label fusion algorithms theoretically and practically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , recent label fusion or multiatlas segmentation algorithms are interpreted as special cases of our framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conduct two sets of experiments to validate the proposed methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first set of experiments , we use 39 brain MRI scans - with manually segmented white matter , cerebral cortex , ventricles and subcortical structures - to compare different label fusion algorithms and the widely - used FreeSurfer whole - brain segmentation tool .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "white matter", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "cerebral cortex", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "ventricles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "subcortical structures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 156]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [245, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that the proposed framework yields more accurate segmentation than FreeSurfer and previous label fusion algorithms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second experiment , we use brain MRI scans of 282 subjects to demonstrate that the proposed segmentation tool is sufficiently sensitive to robustly detect hippocampal volume changes in a study of aging and Alzheimer ' s Disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "hippocampal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship and prognostic significance of SPARC and VEGF protein expression in colon cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : SPARC ( secreted protein , acidic and rich in cysteine ) is closely related with the progress , invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor and angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Using human colon adenocarcinoma tissues ( hereinafter referred to as colon cancer ) and their corresponding non - diseased colon from 114 patients ' biopsies , the expression of SPARC and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were investigated by immunohistochemistry staining to assessment the relationship between SPARC and VEGF , as well as their prognostic significance in patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon adenocarcinoma tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 50]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "non - diseased colon", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 139]}, {"entity": "biopsies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of VEGF expression level with the same tissues was used to establish the antigenic profiles , and the marker of CD34 staining was used as an indicator of microvessel density ( MVD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : SPARC expression was mainly in the stromal cells surrounding the colon cancer , and was significant difference in those tissues with the lymph node metastasis and differentiation degree of tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "stromal cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of SPARC was significantly correlated with the expression of VEGF and MVD in colon cancer tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with low or absence expressing SPARC had significantly worse overall survival and disease - free survival in a Single Factor Analysis ; Cox Regression Analysis , SPARC emerged as an overall survival and disease - free survival independent prognostic factor for colon cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [270, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The low expression or absence of stromal SPARC was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis of colon cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "stromal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SPARC maybe involved in the regulation of anti - angiogenesis by which it may serve as a novel target for colon cancer treatment as well as a novel distinctive marker .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Listerine : past , present and future - - a test of thyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Listerine , a mouthrinse composed of a mixture of essential oils , was created in 1879 and was originally formulated as a surgical antiseptic .", "entity": [{"entity": "essential oils", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of its known antimicrobial properties it was thought of as a product in search of a use and promoted as a deterrent for halitosis and as a floor cleaner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last several years Listerine has emerged as a bona fide therapeutic agent for reduction of plaque induced oral diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the inconsistent history of Listerine , systemic antibiotics discovered in the 1940 ' s were heralded as miracle drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the value of prophylactic usage of antibiotics has come under scrutiny as a result of increasing resistance and adverse reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , reports by both American and British professional societies have led to a re - evaluation of the relative risks associated with plaque induced bacteremia when twice - yearly visits to dental professionals are compared to daily activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These new recommendations and revelations open the door for local antimicrobial approaches to reduce the challenge of plaque - induced bacteremias .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These issues will be discussed in the context of Listerine , its intricate and complicated past , and its connection to current uses in oral health and beyond .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neural stem cell fate determinant TLX promotes tumorigenesis and genesis of cells resembling glioma stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "glioma stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A growing body of evidence indicates that deregulation of stem cell fate determinants is a hallmark of many types of malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neural stem cell fate determinant TLX plays a pivotal role in neurogenesis in the adult brain by maintaining neural stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "neural stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report a tumorigenic role of TLX in brain tumor initiation and progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased TLX expression was observed in a number of glioma cells and glioma stem cells , and correlated with poor survival of patients with gliomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "glioma stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic expression of TLX in the U87MG glioma cell line and Ink4a / Arf - deficient mouse astrocytes ( Ink4a / Arf ( - / - ) astrocytes ) induced cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in cyclin D expression , and accelerated foci formation in soft agar and tumor formation in in vivo transplantation assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "U87MG glioma cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 55]}, {"entity": "Ink4a / Arf - deficient mouse astrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 100]}, {"entity": "Ink4a / Arf ( - / - ) astrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 135]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [234, 238]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [266, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , overexpression of TLX in Ink4a / Arf ( - / - ) astrocytes inhibited cell migration and invasion and promoted neurosphere formation and Nestin expression , which are hallmark characteristics of glioma stem cells , under stem cell culture conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ink4a / Arf ( - / - ) astrocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 71]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "neurosphere", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "glioma stem cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 224]}, {"entity": "stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that TLX is involved in glioma stem cell genesis and represents a potential therapeutic target for this type of malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma stem cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute ablation of Langerhans cells enhances skin immune responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Langerhans cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the function of Langerhans cells ( LCs ) in vivo has been complicated by conflicting results from LC - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Langerhans cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "LC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human Langerin - DTA mice constitutively lack LCs and develop exaggerated contact hypersensitivity ( CHS ) responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murine Langerin - diphtheria toxin receptor ( DTR ) mice allow for the inducible elimination of LCs and Langerin ( + ) dermal dendritic cells ( dDCs ) after administration of diphtheria toxin , which results in reduced CHS .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "Langerin ( + ) dermal dendritic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 141]}, {"entity": "dDCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Langerin ( + ) dDCs have partially repopulated the skin but LCs are still absent , CHS returns to normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Langerin ( + ) dDCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , LCs appear to be suppressive in human Langerin - DTA mice and redundant in murine Langerin - DTR mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether inducible versus constitutive LC ablation explains these results , we engineered human Langerin - DTR mice in which diphtheria toxin ablates LCs without affecting Langerin ( + ) dDCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "LC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 165]}, {"entity": "Langerin ( + ) dDCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inducible ablation of LCs in human Langerin - DTR mice resulted in increased CHS .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , LC - mediated suppression does not require their absence during ontogeny or during the steady - state and is consistent with a model in which LCs actively suppress Ag - specific CHS responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "LC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "LCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proenkephalin - A - derivative Met - enkephalin - Arg - Gly - Leu is not present in the feline species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No opioid octapeptide Met - enkephalin - Arg - Gly - Leu was detected either in the brain or in the adrenal gland of the cat using a specific radioimmunoassay .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "adrenal gland", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas it was possible to determine the Met - enkephalin and Leu - enkephalin contents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Met - enkephalin versus Leu - enkephalin concentration ratio was around five in each area of the brain assayed .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of authentic Met - enkephalin and Leu - enkephalin was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All in all , these data seem to indicate that the cat proenkephalin is partly different from that previously analysed in mammalian species including humans , rats and cows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression profiling in progressive stages of fumarate - hydratase deficiency : the contribution of metabolic changes to tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma ( HLRCC ) is caused by mutations in the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase ( FH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 50]}, {"entity": "HLRCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been proposed that \" pseudohypoxic \" stabilization of hypoxia - inducible factor - alpha ( HIF - alpha ) by fumarate accumulation contributes to tumorigenesis in HLRCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLRCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that an additional direct consequence of FH deficiency is the establishment of a biosynthetic milieu .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate this hypothesis , we isolated primary mouse embryonic fibroblast ( MEF ) lines from Fh1 - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse embryonic fibroblast ( MEF ) lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As predicted , these MEFs upregulated Hif - 1alpha and HIF target genes directly as a result of FH deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEFs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , detailed metabolic assessment of these MEFs confirmed their dependence on glycolysis , and an elevated rate of lactate efflux , associated with the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes known to be associated with tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEFs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondingly , Fh1 - deficient benign murine renal cysts and an advanced human HLRCC - related renal cell carcinoma manifested a prominent and progressive increase in the expression of HIF - alpha target genes and in genes known to be relevant to tumorigenesis and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fh1 - deficient benign murine renal cysts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 59]}, {"entity": "HLRCC - related renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accord with our hypothesis , in a variety of different FH - deficient tissues , including a novel murine model of Fh1 - deficient smooth muscle , we show a striking and progressive upregulation of a tumorigenic metabolic profile , as manifested by increased PKM2 and LDHA protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "FH - deficient tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "Fh1 - deficient smooth muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the models assessed herein , we infer that that FH deficiency compels cells to adopt an early , reversible , and progressive protumorigenic metabolic milieu that is reminiscent of that driving the Warburg effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targets identified in these novel and diverse FH - deficient models represent excellent potential candidates for further mechanistic investigation and therapeutic metabolic manipulation in tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A STAT3 - mediated metabolic switch is involved in tumour transformation and STAT3 addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pro - oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 is constitutively activated in a wide variety of tumours that often become addicted to its activity , but no unifying view of a core function determining this widespread STAT3 - dependence has yet emerged .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that constitutively active STAT3 acts as a master regulator of cell metabolism , inducing aerobic glycolysis and down - regulating mitochondrial activity both in primary fibroblasts and in STAT3 - dependent tumour cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "tumour cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , cells are protected from apoptosis and senescence while becoming highly sensitive to glucose deprivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that enhanced glycolysis is dependent on HIF - 1alpha up - regulation , while reduced mitochondrial activity is HIF - 1alpha - independent and likely caused by STAT3 - mediated down - regulation of mitochondrial proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [206, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of aerobic glycolysis is an important component of STAT3 pro - oncogenic activities , since inhibition of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in the tumour cell lines down - regulates glycolysis prior to leading to growth arrest and cell death , both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 175]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [242, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that this novel , central metabolic role is at the core of the addiction for STAT3 shown by so many biologically different tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissecting genetic networks underlying complex phenotypes : the theoretical framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Great progress has been made in genetic dissection of quantitative trait variation during the past two decades , but many studies still reveal only a small fraction of quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) , and epistasis remains elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We integrate contemporary knowledge of signal transduction pathways with principles of quantitative and population genetics to characterize genetic networks underlying complex traits , using a model founded upon one - way functional dependency of downstream genes on upstream regulators ( the principle of hierarchy ) and mutual functional dependency among related genes ( functional genetic units , FGU ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both simulated and real data suggest that complementary epistasis contributes greatly to quantitative trait variation , and obscures the phenotypic effects of many ' downstream ' loci in pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mathematical relationships between the main effects and epistatic effects of genes acting at different levels of signaling pathways were established using the quantitative and population genetic parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both loss of function and \" co - adapted \" gene complexes formed by multiple alleles with differentiated functions ( effects ) are predicted to be frequent types of allelic diversity at loci that contribute to the genetic variation of complex traits in populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Downstream FGUs appear to be more vulnerable to loss of function than their upstream regulators , but this vulnerability is apparently compensated by different FGUs of similar functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other predictions from the model may account for puzzling results regarding responses to selection , genotype by environment interaction , and the genetic basis of heterosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roles of brca2 ( fancd1 ) in oocyte nuclear architecture , gametogenesis , gonad tumors , and genome stability in zebrafish .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocyte nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "gonad tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mild mutations in BRCA2 ( FANCD1 ) cause Fanconi anemia ( FA ) when homozygous , while severe mutations cause common cancers including breast , ovarian , and prostate cancers when heterozygous .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "ovarian", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "prostate cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report a zebrafish brca2 insertional mutant that shares phenotypes with human patients and identifies a novel brca2 function in oogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments showed that mutant embryos and mutant cells in culture experienced genome instability , as do cells in FA patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant embryos", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "mutant cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In wild - type zebrafish , meiotic cells expressed brca2 ; and , unexpectedly , transcripts in oocytes localized asymmetrically to the animal pole .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "animal pole", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In juvenile brca2 mutants , oocytes failed to progress through meiosis , leading to female - to - male sex reversal .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult mutants became sterile males due to the meiotic arrest of spermatocytes , which then died by apoptosis , followed by neoplastic proliferation of gonad somatic cells that was similar to neoplasia observed in ageing dead end ( dnd ) - knockdown males , which lack germ cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "spermatocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "gonad somatic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 170]}, {"entity": "neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 200]}, {"entity": "germ cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [268, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The construction of animals doubly mutant for brca2 and the apoptotic gene tp53 ( p53 ) rescued brca2 - dependent sex reversal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Double mutants developed oocytes and became sterile females that produced only aberrant embryos and showed elevated risk for invasive ovarian tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "embryos", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "invasive ovarian tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oocytes in double - mutant females showed normal localization of brca2 and pou5f1 transcripts to the animal pole and vasa transcripts to the vegetal pole , but had a polarized rather than symmetrical nucleus with the distribution of nucleoli and chromosomes to opposite nuclear poles ; this result revealed a novel role for Brca2 in establishing or maintaining oocyte nuclear architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "animal pole", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "vegetal pole", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "nucleus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [200, 207]}, {"entity": "nucleoli", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 241]}, {"entity": "chromosomes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [246, 257]}, {"entity": "nuclear poles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [270, 283]}, {"entity": "oocyte nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [361, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutating tp53 did not rescue the infertility phenotype in brca2 mutant males , suggesting that brca2 plays an essential role in zebrafish spermatogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this work verified zebrafish as a model for the role of Brca2 in human disease and uncovered a novel function of Brca2 in vertebrate oocyte nuclear architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocyte nuclear", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - [ ( Methyl - carbamo - yl ) amino ] - 1H - isoindolium chloride .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title compound , C ( 10 ) H ( 12 ) N ( 3 ) O ( + ) . Cl ( - ) , is a derivative of o - phthaldehyde and methyl - thio - urea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mol - ecules form dimers through intra - and inter - molecular N - H . . . O hydrogen bonds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dimers are further linked into chains through one C - H . . . Cl and two N - H . . . Cl hydrogen bonds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 methylation and expression as tumor stratification biomarkers and clinical outcome prognosticators for bladder cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "bladder cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 is a metastasis suppressor gene that is lost in several malignancies , including bladder cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "bladder cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the epigenetic silencing hypothesis and evaluated the biological influence of KISS1 methylation on its expression and clinical relevance in bladder cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 hypermethylation was frequent in bladder cancer cells analyzed by methylation - specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing and was associated with low gene expression , being restored in vitro by demethylating azacytidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypermethylation was also frequently observed in a large series of bladder tumors ( 83 . 1 % , n = 804 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 methylation was associated with increasing stage ( P = 0 . 001 ) and tumor grade ( P = 0 . 010 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 methylation was associated with low KISS1 transcript expression by quantitative RT - PCR ( P = 0 . 037 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 transcript expression was also associated with histopathological tumor stage ( P < 0 . 0005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low transcript expression alone ( P = 0 . 003 ) or combined with methylation ( P = 0 . 019 ) was associated with poor disease - specific survival ( n = 205 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 transcript expression remained an independent prognosticator in multivariate analyses ( P = 0 . 017 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KISS1 hypermethylation was identified in bladder cancer , providing a potential mechanistic explanation ( epigenetic silencing ) for the observed loss of KISS1 in uroepithelial malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "uroepithelial malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Associations of KISS1 methylation and its expression with histopathological variables and poor survival suggest the utility of incorporating KISS1 measurement using paraffin - embedded material for tumor stratification and clinical outcome prognosis of patients with uroepithelial neoplasias .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [198, 203]}, {"entity": "uroepithelial neoplasias", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [267, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oscillatory alpha - band mechanisms and the deployment of spatial attention to anticipated auditory and visual target locations : supramodal or sensory - specific control mechanisms ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oscillatory alpha - band activity ( 8 - 15 Hz ) over parieto - occipital cortex in humans plays an important role in suppression of processing for inputs at to - be - ignored regions of space , with increased alpha - band power observed over cortex contralateral to locations expected to contain distractors .", "entity": [{"entity": "parieto - occipital cortex", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 79]}, {"entity": "cortex", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is unclear whether similar processes operate during deployment of spatial attention in other sensory modalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence from lesion patients suggests that parietal regions house supramodal representations of space .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "parietal regions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parietal lobes are prominent generators of alpha oscillations , raising the possibility that alpha is a neural signature of supramodal spatial attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "parietal lobes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "neural", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , when spatial attention is deployed within vision , processing of task - irrelevant auditory inputs at attended locations is also enhanced , pointing to automatic links between spatial deployments across senses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we asked whether lateralized alpha - band activity is also evident in a purely auditory spatial - cueing task and whether it had the same underlying generator configuration as in a purely visuospatial task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If common to both sensory systems , this would provide strong support for \" supramodal \" attention theory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternately , alpha - band differences between auditory and visual tasks would support a sensory - specific account .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lateralized shifts in alpha - band activity were indeed observed during a purely auditory spatial task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crucially , there were clear differences in scalp topographies of this alpha activity depending on the sensory system within which spatial attention was deployed .", "entity": [{"entity": "scalp", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Findings suggest that parietally generated alpha - band mechanisms are central to attentional deployments across modalities but that they are invoked in a sensory - specific manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data support an \" interactivity account , \" whereby a supramodal system interacts with sensory - specific control systems during deployment of spatial attention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation of lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor with nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphatic vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "nodal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "papillary thyroid microcarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to investigate not only the intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density ( ILD and PLD ) but also the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors ( VEGFs ) and to test their correlation with regional lymph nodal metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ( PTMC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "intratumoral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "peritumoral lymphatic vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 112]}, {"entity": "lymph nodal metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [254, 276]}, {"entity": "papillary thyroid microcarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 312]}, {"entity": "PTMC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [315, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A clinicopathologic data review was performed in 60 patients with PTMC treated with total thyroidectomies involving neck dissections .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTMC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "neck", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patterns of lymphatic vessels , the expression of VEGFs , and their correlation with neck metastases were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphatic vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "neck metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : PLD was significantly higher than ILD ( p < . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with high PLD ( > 8 . 0 ) showed higher rates of neck metastases than low PLD ( < = 8 . 0 ) ( 74 . 0 % vs 46 . 8 % , p = . 03 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neck metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed high PLD as the only independent variable predictive of neck metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "neck", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of VEGFs did not correlate with either lymphatic density or neck metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "neck", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : PLD may be of potential benefit in the prediction of neck metastasis in PTMC .", "entity": [{"entity": "neck", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "PTMC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of autophagy potentiates the antitumor effect of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multikinase inhibitor sorafenib inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of tumors by suppressing the Raf / MEK / ERK signaling pathway and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It significantly prolongs median survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) but the response is disease - stabilizing and cytostatic rather than one of tumor regression .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 92]}, {"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the mechanisms underlying the relative resistance in HCC , we investigated the role of autophagy , an evolutionarily conserved self - digestion pathway , in hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sorafenib treatment led to accumulation of autophagosomes as evidenced by conversion from LC3 - I to LC3 - II observed by immunoblot in Huh7 , HLF and PLC / PRF / 5 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "autophagosomes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Huh7", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "HLF", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "PLC / PRF / 5 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This induction was due to activation of autophagic flux , as there was further increase in LC3 - II expression upon treatment with lysosomal inhibitors , clear decline of the autophagy substrate p62 , and an mRFP - GFP - LC3 fluorescence change in sorafenib - treated hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [268, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sorafenib inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and its inhibition led to accumulation of LC3 - II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability in hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "siRNA - mediated knockdown of the ATG7 gene also sensitized hepatoma cells to sorafenib .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , sorafenib induced autophagy in Huh7 xenograft tumors in nude mice and coadministration with chloroquine significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with sorafenib alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huh7 xenograft tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , sorafenib administration induced autophagosome formation and enhanced autophagic activity , which conferred a survival advantage to hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "autophagosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant inhibition of autophagy may be an attractive strategy for unlocking the antitumor potential of sorafenib in HCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "HCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desensitization of prostaglandin F2 alpha - stimulated inositol phosphate generation in NIH - 3T3 fibroblasts transformed by overexpression of normal c - Ha - ras - 1 , c - Ki - ras - 2 and c - N - ras genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH - 3T3 fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stimulation of inositol phosphate generation in control and ras - gene - transformed NIH - 3T3 cells by prostaglandin F2 alpha ( PGF2 alpha ) was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH - 3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the control cells , a desensitization of the response was observed in cells transformed by the overexpression of N - , Ha - , or Ki - ras genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This desensitization was without effect upon the concentration causing half - maximal effect ( EC50 ) , dissociation constant ( Kd ) or number of PGF2 alpha receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of PG synthesis was without effect upon desensitization , demonstrating that the effect was not agonist - induced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desensitization could be induced in NIH - 3T3 cells by culturing under conditions where the cells were all in the exponential growth phase , or by a 12 h exposure to a C - kinase - activating phorbol ester .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH - 3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that desensitization of certain agonist - induced inositol phospholipid responses in ras - transformed cells is a consequence of increased cell proliferation and associated amplification in C - kinase activity and is an indirect consequence of transformation by ras .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of antisperm antibodies in anejaculatory men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisperm antibodies were assessed in the serum samples of 73 men unable to ejaculate naturally and on the sperm cells of 13 of these men .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "sperm cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the serum samples were found to be positive by sperm agglutination or sperm immobilization methods and antibodies were detected by an immunobead assay on the sperm cells of one of the 13 men examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "sperm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "sperm", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "sperm cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between of blood flow , glucose metabolism , protein synthesis , glucose and ATP content in experimentally - induced glioma ( RG1 2 . 2 ) of rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "RG1 2 . 2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In experimental RG1 2 . 2 glioma of rat brain , local blood flow , glucose utilization , protein synthesis , glucose and ATP content were measured by means of triple tracer autoradiography and bioluminescence technique , respectively , to determine hemodynamic and metabolic thresholds for local tumor energy failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "RG1 2 . 2 glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [296, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfusion thresholds were estimated at tumor blood flow values of 69 . 0 + / - 0 . 1 ml / 100 g / min ( estimate + / - standard error ) and of 69 + / - 7 . 1 ml / 100 g / min for the beginning of the decline in regional ATP and glucose content , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic thresholds were derived at tumor glucose utilization values of 70 . 6 + / - 8 . 3 mumol / 100 g / min for reduced protein synthesis , of 55 . 0 + / - 0 . 2 mumol / 100 g / min for the decrease in glucose content , and 34 . 7 + / - 4 . 7 mumol / 100 g / min for decline in ATP content .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that blood flow limits glucose supply to tumor tissue at much higher flow rates than in normal brain which , in turn , is associated with a decrease in tumor glucose utilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "tumor tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reduction and not an increase in tumor glucose availability could be a more appropriate strategy for the induction of energy failure in tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of androgen - induced regulator ARD1 inhibits androgen receptor acetylation and prostate tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen signaling through androgen receptor ( AR ) is critical for prostate tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that AR - mediated gene regulation is enhanced by AR coregulators , inactivation of those coregulators is emerging as a promising therapy for prostate cancer ( PCa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 163]}, {"entity": "PCa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the N - acetyltransferase arrest - defect 1 protein ( ARD1 ) functions as a unique AR regulator in PCa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCa cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ARD1 is up - regulated in human PCa cell lines and primary tumor biopsies .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCa cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "primary tumor biopsies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of ARD1 was augmented by treatment with synthetic androgen ( R1881 ) unless AR is deficient or is inhibited by AR - specific siRNA or androgen inhibitor bicalutamide ( Casodex ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of ARD1 by shRNA suppressed PCa cell proliferation , anchorage - independent growth , and xenograft tumor formation in SCID mice , suggesting that AR - dependent ARD1 expression is biologically germane .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCa cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "xenograft tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , ARD1 was critical for transcriptionally regulating a number of AR target genes that are involved in prostate tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ARD1 interacted physically with and acetylated the AR protein in vivo and in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because AR - ARD1 interaction facilitated the AR binding to its targeted promoters for gene transcription , we propose that ARD1 functions as a unique AR regulator and forms a positive feedback loop for AR - dependent prostate tumorigenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [218, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of AR - ARD1 interactions may be a potent intervention for androgen - dependent PCa therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCa", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of Hes genes in intestinal development , homeostasis and tumor formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notch signaling regulates intestinal development , homeostasis and tumorigenesis , but its precise downstream mechanism remains largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we found that inactivation of the Notch effectors Hes1 , Hes3 and Hes5 , but not Hes1 alone , led to reduced cell proliferation , increased secretory cell formation and altered intestinal structures in adult mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "secretory cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "intestinal structures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in Apc mutation - induced intestinal tumors , inactivation of Hes1 alone was sufficient for reducing tumor cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of tumor cells into all types of intestinal epithelial cells , but without affecting the homeostasis of normal crypts owing to genetic redundancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "intestinal epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [198, 225]}, {"entity": "crypts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [276, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that Hes genes cooperatively regulate intestinal development and homeostasis and raised the possibility that Hes1 is a promising target to induce the differentiation of tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation - induced cytidine deaminase in antibody diversification and chromosome translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA damage , rearrangement , and mutation of the human genome are the basis of carcinogenesis and thought to be avoided at all costs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An exception is the adaptive immune system where lymphocytes utilize programmed DNA damage to effect antigen receptor diversification .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both B and T lymphocytes diversify their antigen receptors through RAG1 / 2 mediated recombination , but B cells undergo two additional processes - - somatic hypermutation ( SHM ) and class - switch recombination ( CSR ) , both initiated by activation - induced cytidine deaminase ( AID ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AID deaminates cytidines in DNA resulting in U : G mismatches that are processed into point mutations in SHM or double - strand breaks in CSR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although AID activity is focused at Immunoglobulin ( Ig ) gene loci , it also targets a wide array of non - Ig genes including oncogenes associated with lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review the molecular basis of AID regulation , targeting , and initiation of CSR and SHM , as well as AID ' s role in generating chromosome translocations that contribute to lymphomagenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of BRAF p . Val600Glu and p . Val600Lys mutations in a consecutive series of 183 metastatic melanoma patients from a high incidence region .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : Approximately 40 - 60 % of melanomas from Caucasian populations carry activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene , with the most common being the p . Val600Glu ( V600E ) hotspot mutation in exon 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of the less common p . Val600Lys ( V600K ) mutation in metastatic melanoma from a high incidence region .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Dideoxy sequencing and fluorescent single strand conformation analysis were used to screen for mutations in exon 15 of BRAF in 183 cases of metastatic melanoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The overall incidence of BRAF mutation ( 89 / 183 , 49 % ) was very similar to other large studies of Caucasian populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the frequency of the p . Val600Lys mutation was higher than in most other studies and comprised almost one - third of all BRAF mutations in our cohort ( 27 / 89 , 30 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : BRAF p . Val600Lys mutations were present at a relatively high frequency in this cohort of metastatic melanoma patients ( 27 / 183 , 15 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assays used to screen for BRAF mutations in the clinic should be robust enough to detect the p . Val600Lys mutation , as this may have therapeutic implications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Biotechnological and biomedical aspects of production and study of metal cation - phospholipid complexes ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Problems relating to the technology of a phospholipid preparation from natural materials , liposome production , and studies into the mechanisms of interaction between metal ( trace elements ) cations and model bilayer lipid membranes are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "liposome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "bilayer lipid membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed technology of extraction allows for preparation of phospholipids utilizable for liposome formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "liposome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cation specificity of lipid bilayers is found to be determined by the presence of anionic phosphate adsorption sites on their surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipid bilayers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following an overnight fast , blood samples were obtained from 14 dogs with previously untreated lymphoma before and 5 , 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , and 90 minutes following an intravenous challenge with 500 mg / kg dextrose .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "intravenous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples were assayed for glucose , lactate , and insulin concentrations and compared statistically with ten control dogs of similar weight and age undergoing an identical dextrose challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dogs with lymphoma had similar glucose tolerance curves when compared with controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactate concentrations were significantly higher ( P less than 0 . 001 ) at baseline and all time periods of the glucose tolerance test in dogs with lymphoma when compared with controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rise in lactate concentrations over baseline levels in the first 30 minutes of the glucose tolerance test were significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma ( P = 0 . 011 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin concentrations were significantly higher ( P less than 0 . 001 ) at baseline and at the 5 - , 45 - , 60 - , and 90 - minute time periods of the glucose tolerance test in dogs with lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rise in insulin concentrations over baseline in the first 5 minutes of the glucose tolerance test were also significantly greater in dogs with lymphoma ( P = 0 . 021 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate carbohydrate metabolism is altered in dogs with lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these alterations parallel those observed in human patients suffering from cancer cachexia making canine lymphoma a potential model for further study of the pathogenesis and therapy of cancer cachexia .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cachexia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "cancer cachexia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the src and ras oncogene families supplant the epidermal growth factor requirement of BALB / MK - 2 keratinocytes and induce distinct alterations in their terminal differentiation program .", "entity": [{"entity": "keratinocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BALB - / MK - 2 mouse epidermal keratinocytes required epidermal growth factor for proliferation and terminally differentiated in response to high Ca2 + concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "epidermal keratinocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infection with retroviruses containing transforming genes of the src and ras oncogene families led to rapid loss of epidermal growth factor dependence , in some cases , accompanied by alterations in cellular morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The virus - altered cells continued to proliferate in the presence of high levels of extracellular calcium but exhibited alterations in normal keratinocyte terminal differentiation that appear to be specific to the particular oncogene .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "extracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "keratinocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alterations bore similarities to abnormalities in differentiation observed in naturally occurring squamous epithelial malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous epithelial malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental drug therapy of peritumoral brain edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "peritumoral brain edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four drugs with potential anti - peritumoral brain edema activity were studied using the VX2 rabbit brain tumor model .", "entity": [{"entity": "peritumoral brain edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "VX2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "brain tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meclofenamate and indomethacin were tested in an attempt to confirm recent reports of anti - edema activity in non steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAID ' s ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ' angiostatic ' steroids 17 hydroxyprogesterone and epicortisol were tested because of their lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects and their structural similarity to glucocorticoids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein and water component of brain edema were indirectly quantitated .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the test drugs demonstrated significant anti - edema activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work does not confirm reports that NSAID ' s have anti - edema activity and suggests that there may be no correlation between ' angiostatic ' and anti - edema activity in certain steroid compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a small region of the v - fos gene product that is sufficient for transforming potential and growth - stimulating activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To analyze the structure - function relationship for the v - fos protein , we constructed in - frame insertion and deletion mutants of the v - fos gene carried by FBJ - MuSV , and expressed them in chicken primary cells using retrovirus vectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed the effects of these mutations on the ability of the v - fos protein to transform chicken embryo fibroblasts and to stimulate cellular proliferation of chicken neuroretinal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryo fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "neuroretinal cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutant which retains only the central region of the v - fos protein ( Met111 - Ile206 ) have both activities , but the mutants which have deletions in this region , and one of the mutants that has a four amino acid insertion in it , lost both activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The central region that is sufficient for these activities includes the evolutionarily highly conserved region among human , mouse and chicken c - fos proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , this sequence shares some homology with the DNA binding domain of GCN4 and c - jun protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The truncated fos protein that contains only part of the central region is not phosphorylated in chicken embryo fibroblasts , indicating that phosphorylation of the fos protein is not necessary for the transforming activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryo fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition by retinoic acid of type IV collagenolysis and invasion through reconstituted basement membrane by metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "basement membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "mammary adenocarcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of type IV collagenase , which enables tumor cells to degrade collagen type IV found in the subendothelial basement membrane , has been correlated with the metastatic potential in several tumor types , including the rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell line and its clones .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "subendothelial basement membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 137]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [201, 206]}, {"entity": "13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 273]}, {"entity": "clones", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [282, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we examined whether all - trans - retinoic acid ( all - trans - RA ) and other retinoids , which exhibit antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo , affect the collagenolytic activity of metastatic rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [216, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells of the highly metastatic lung - colonizing clone MTF7 . T35 . 3 , derived from the 13762NF cell line , were treated for 3 days with 0 . 1 , 1 , or 10 microM all - trans - RA , harvested , and seeded on [ 3H ] proline - labeled extracellular matrix deposited by cultured rat lung endothelial cells or on a film of purified [ 3H ] proline - labeled type IV collagen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "clone MTF7 . T35 . 3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "13762NF cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 253]}, {"entity": "lung endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [280, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of radioactivity released into the medium during the subsequent 24 to 72 h was measured , and it was found that all - trans - RA treatment inhibited degradation of extracellular matrix and type IV collagen by 50 to 60 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular matrix", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was observed whether the cells had been treated with all - trans - RA in serum - free medium or in medium supplemented with heat - inactivated or acid - treated fetal bovine serum .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "fetal bovine serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [173, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth of the cells was not inhibited under these conditions , except after treatment with 10 microM all - trans - RA in serum - free medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduction in collagenolytic activity was observed in viable cells as well as in conditioned medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 24 - h exposure of cells to all - trans - RA was sufficient to cause a 30 % decrease in the collagenolytic activity , and this inhibitory effect was reversible .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The direct addition of all - trans - RA to conditioned medium had no effect on secreted collagenase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent molecular weights of the collagenolytic enzymes were determined by electrophoresis of cell extracts and concentrated conditioned medium in type IV collagen - embedded polyacrylamide gels followed by renaturation and activation of the enzymes within the gels .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell extracts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two major type IV collagenolytic metalloproteinases exhibiting molecular weights of 64 , 000 and 88 , 000 , respectively , were detected by this method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two enzymes were also found to have specificity for gelatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mr 64 , 000 enzyme could be extracted from viable cells ( presumably from the cell membrane ) by 2 % 1 - butanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "cell membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with all - trans - RA decreased the level of these enzymes in the cellular , cell membrane , and conditioned medium compartments . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "cell membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endoscopic injection therapy for acute upper GI bleeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "upper GI", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , we have found this technique to be useful in patients in whom coagulation therapy is not possible or effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It must still be considered a technique which is undergoing evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospective randomized trials comparing this therapy with other currently available therapies such a electrocoagulation , laser and conservative management must be completed to firmly define its place in treatment strategy for acute upper GI bleeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "upper GI", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [233, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of hypertension and sympathetic denervation on cerebral blood flow in newborn pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the potential role of sympathetic nerves in preventing pronounced increases in cerebral blood flow , we evaluated the effects of abrupt hypertension on the cerebral circulation of newborn pigs with intact cerebral sympathetic innervation and after cerebral sympathetic denervation .", "entity": [{"entity": "sympathetic nerves", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 228]}, {"entity": "cerebral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [263, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epinephrine infusion was used to induce abrupt increases in mean ( + / - SEM ) arterial pressure ( innervated pigs , 62 + / - 3 mm of Hg to 115 + / - 3 mm of Hg ; denervated pigs , 71 + / - 4 mm of Hg to 132 + / - 4 mm of Hg ) that remained increased for the 3 minutes of the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "arterial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abrupt hypertension increased blood flow to all brain regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In denervated pigs , the increased flow to the cerebrum was prolonged , compared with that in pigs with intact sympathetic innervation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebrum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differences between pigs of the innervated and denervated groups were not apparent , with respect to blood flow to any other region ( caudate region , brain stem , cerebellum ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "caudate region", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "brain stem", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "cerebellum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In newborn pigs , sympathetic nerves may attenuate hypertension - induced increases in blood flow to the cerebrum , but do not appear to affect flow to the rest of the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "sympathetic nerves", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "cerebrum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malate - citrate cycle during glycolysis and glutaminolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The malate - citrate cycle was studied during aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in a strain of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which showed a very low malate - aspartate shuttle system activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental approach includes : estimation of mitochondrial NAD [ P ] + - dependent malic enzyme activity ; respiratory activity of freshly harvested or fasted cells , and of isolated mitochondria ; and determination of the metabolites involved in the glycolytic and glutaminolytic pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that in this strain , the malate - citrate shuttle is not an effective pathway for transferring glycolytic reducing equivalents from cytosol to mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "cytosol", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less than 15 % of the glucose uptake was affected by the 1 , 2 , 3 - benzenetricarboxylate inhibition of the malate - citrate shuttle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in the presence of glucose , the malate - citrate cycle did not appear to play an important role in the glutaminolytic process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work supports and extends the finding of previous studies , since the results showed that the glucose metabolism depressed the oxidative processes in Ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria , not only alone , but also in the presence of glutamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "mitochondria", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [184, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the high glutamine uptake was maintained in the presence of glucose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - methyl - N - nitrosourea - induced transformation of rat urothelial cells in vitro is not mediated by activation of ras oncogenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "urothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult rat urothelial cells were transformed in vitro following treatment with a single dose of N - methyl - N - nitrosourea ( MNU ) or MNU treatment followed by promotion with sodium saccharin .", "entity": [{"entity": "urothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This in vitro transformation process involves multiple steps : slow - growing ' pre - neoplastic ' epithelial foci are induced 70 - 100 days after MNU treatment and from such foci rapidly proliferating immortal cell lines were established , some of which became tumorigenic after a further latent period .", "entity": [{"entity": "' pre - neoplastic ' epithelial foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 114]}, {"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 179]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of epithelial cell lines and a single fibroblast cell line established in this way were analysed for the presence of transforming genes by DNA transfection into NIH3T3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "fibroblast cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "NIH3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the epithelial cell lines induced foci in a focus formation assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "focus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single non - epithelial line induced foci and was found to contain an activated c - Ki - ras gene with a G - - - - A transition in codon 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - epithelial line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assay for the possible presence of transforming genes which were not active in a focus formation assay , two of the epithelial lines were analysed further by co - transfection with a dominant selectable marker , followed by selection and inoculation into nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "focus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "epithelial lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No tumours were induced within the latent period for tumour production by control cells transfected with NIH3T3 cell DNA ( 40 - 60 days ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "NIH3T3 cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that there is cell type specificity for oncogene activation during in vitro rat bladder transformation initiated by a single carcinogen and that ras gene activation is not a necessary step in urothelial transformation in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "bladder", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "urothelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [214, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivity analysis of the influence of source - term and environmental parameters on the radiological risk of coal - fired plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to determine the influence of different source - term and environmental parameters on the radiological risks from a coal - fired plant ( CFP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the release rate of radionuclides and the effective release height most significantly influence radiological risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site characteristics , such as rain scavenging coefficients and food acquirement habits , have a lesser influence , and some parameters , such as time delay before ingestion of contaminated food , have practically no influence on the radiological impact of a CFP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution to radiation risks of different exposure modes ( i . e . inhalation , ingestion and contact with ground surface ) were also analyzed , as well as of specific radionuclides and human body organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "body organs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the sensitivity analysis were interpreted in terms of the characteristics of the fuel , facilities and site of a CFP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that by proper choice of coal , furnace , ash filtration and stack height , as well as by proper siting , the radiological impact of a CFP can be drastically reduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antishock trousers : a collective review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antishock trousers have become an integral part of emergency medical care for many traumatic and life - threatening emergencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article represents a summary of the current state of knowledge concerning the use of this device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A brief history of the development of antishock garments is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is followed by a discussion of human clinical studies and results of clinical research on hemodynamics , respiration , use in head injury , and effects on vascular hemostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indications , contraindications , complications , and recommended procedure for use are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on randomized prospective studies , antishock garments have not , as yet , been shown to improve patient morbidity or mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proper use of antishock garments requires an understanding of both their function and their limitations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement of serum glycosylated proteins and glycosylated low density lipoprotein fraction in diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple method was developed for estimating serum glycosylated protein levels using gel filtration with Bio - Gel P6 by determining the protein and sugar content in the void volume fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glycosylated protein levels ( GSP ) correlated well with fasting blood sugar levels and glycosylated albumin level ( G - ALB ) determined by affinity chromatography with Blue Sepharose CL6B .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glycosylation level of heparin - citrate precipitable fraction of serum which predominantly contained low density lipoprotein ( G - LDL ) also correlated well with GSP and LDL - cholesterol levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly different values were obtained for GSP , G - ALB , and G - LDL between normals and diabetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The origin of yolk - DNA in Xenopus laevis .", "entity": [{"entity": "yolk", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xenopus laevis serum and plasma was found to contain an average of 25 microgram DNA / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated X . laevis oocytes incubated in medium containing 25 microgram DNA / ml labeled with either 125I , 32P or 14C and from three different sources ( bovine , E . coli and X . laevis ) , incorporated the label at an average rate of 0 . 11 ng . mm - 2 . hr - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sucrose gradient fractionation of oocytes revealed that 40 - 75 % of the acid - precipitable label incorporated was associated with the yolk platelets .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "yolk platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [136, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional incubations of oocytes in unlabeled medium demonstrated that the DNA incorporated into the yolk platelets was undergoing turnover ; only 20 % of the yolk - associated DNA was still present after a one - week incubation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "yolk platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "yolk", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that yolk - DNA arises by the adventitious uptake of DNA present in the maternal serum by vitellogenic oocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "yolk", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "oocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low - level X - radiation effects on functional vascular changes in Syrian hamster cheek pouch epithelium during hydrocarbon carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "cheek pouch epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of repeated low - level X radiation on functional microvascular changes in hamster cheek pouch epithelium during and following carcinogenesis by 7 , 12 - dimethylbenz [ a ] anthracene ( DMBA ) were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "cheek pouch epithelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior studies showed enhancement of such carcinogenesis by repeated 20 rad head and neck X - radiation exposures , and it was proposed that one possible mechanism was radiogenic alteration of the functional microvasculature in a manner which favored subsequent tumor development .", "entity": [{"entity": "head", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "neck", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "microvasculature", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 223]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [261, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hamsters were treated with either radiation , DMBA , radiation + DMBA , or no treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were sacrificed at 3 - week intervals from 0 to 39 weeks after treatments began .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pouch vascular volume and permeability changes were studied by fractional distributions of radiotracers and were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods which explored the vascular parameters , treatment types , elapsed time , presence of the carcinogen , and histopathologic changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pouch vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All treatments resulted in significant changes in vascular volume with time , while only DMBA treatments alone resulted in significant changes in vascular permeability with time .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to the appearances of frank neoplasms , volumetric changes in DMBA only and radiation only groups were similar , while volume changes in DMBA + radiation groups increased slowly to a peak later than in other groups and then declined steadily to levels similar to the radiation only group .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplasms", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in prior studies , there were significant vascular volume differences between DMBA and DMBA + radiation groups of tumor - bearing cheek pouches .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "cheek pouches", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DMBA maxima were significantly higher than those of DMBA + radiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiation significantly affected DMBA - associated vascular volume and permeability changes during carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several possible explanations for the relationship of these changes to the enhancement of DMBA carcinogenesis include : radiation blocking normal capillary proliferative and / or dilatory responses to inflammation secondary to neoplastic changes ; radiation - induced focal increases in the pericapillary connective tissue histohematic barrier , stimulating angiogenesis but reducing nutrient diffusion ; radiation exposures sensitizing vascular endothelium to subsequent angiogenic stimulation from premalignant tissues ; DMBA vascular and epithelial effects partially or completely blocking radiation effects on epithelial and / or endothelial cells ; and radiation damage to vessel walls partially or fully inhibiting normal physiologic mechanisms of repairing DMBA damage to the vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "neoplastic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [227, 237]}, {"entity": "pericapillary connective tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [291, 322]}, {"entity": "histohematic barrier", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [323, 343]}, {"entity": "vascular endothelium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [437, 457]}, {"entity": "premalignant tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [500, 520]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [528, 536]}, {"entity": "epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [541, 551]}, {"entity": "epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [614, 624]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [634, 651]}, {"entity": "vessel walls", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [678, 690]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [783, 790]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoglobulins associated with elevated riboflavin binding by plasma from cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma from 182 patients with different malignant diseases was tested for riboflavin binding by immunoglobulins , which have been recently identified as major carriers of this micronutrient .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "malignant diseases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide range of binding ( 5 . 9 to 130 pmole / ml plasma ) was observed , and significant elevations were found for patients having breast cancer ( 21 . 2 + / - 1 . 9 , P less than 0 . 05 ) and melanoma ( 25 . 7 + / - 1 . 9 , P less than 0 . 001 ) compared to controls ( 15 . 5 + / - 1 . 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proteins responsible for a majority of the higher binding were identified as immunoglobulins , based on their elution from gel filtration columns and the removal of 57 - 88 % of the non - albumin binding by treating of plasma with Protein A - agarose .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding was only weakly related to the total concentration of immunoglobulins ( r = 0 . 11 by linear regression analysis ) , however , and is apparently due to a subclass that is elevated in some types of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated levels of these immunoglobulins may contribute to the lower urinary levels and clearance of riboflavin in cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postpartum rubella immunization : association with development of prolonged arthritis , neurological sequelae , and chronic rubella viremia .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six women developed chronic long - term arthropathy after postpartum immunization against rubella .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All individuals developed acute polyarticular arthritis within 12 days to three weeks postimmunization and have had continuing chronic or recurrent arthralgia or arthritis for two to seven years after vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute neurological manifestations , consisting of carpal tunnel syndrome or multiple paresthesiae , developed postvaccination in three women .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two have developed continuing active or chronic recurrent episodes of blurred vision , paresthesiae , and painful limb syndromes together with recurrent joint symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "limb", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "joint", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic rubella viremia has been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( MNC ) populations in five of the six women up to six years after vaccination .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral blood mononuclear cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 78]}, {"entity": "MNC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition rubella virus was isolated from breast milk MNCs in one individual at nine months postvaccination and from peripheral blood MNCs in two of four breast - fed infants studied at 12 - 18 months of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast milk MNCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood MNCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 140]}, {"entity": "breast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune responses to rubella virus studied at sequential intervals after vaccination correlated with development of rheumatologic and neurological manifestations .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac gap junction configuration after an uncoupling treatment as a function of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rabbit ventricle either was fixed in glutaraldehyde without injury ( control ) or was injured before fixation , presumably causing electrical uncoupling of the gap junctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All tissue was then processed for freeze - fracture .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replicas of control gap junctions exhibited irregular packing of the P - face particles and E - face pits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average center - to - center spacing of the particles was 10 . 5 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue fixed 1 - 5 min after injury showed clumping of gap junctional particles and pits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the clumps , the particles and pits were hexagonally packed and the center - to - center spacing of the particles averaged 9 . 5 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In tissue fixed 15 - 30 min after injury , the clumps of gap junctional particles had coalesced into a homogeneous structure in most junctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The packing of the particles and pits was hexagonal and the spacing of the particles averaged 9 . 5 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few pieces of rabbit atrium were frozen without prior fixation or cryoprotection to try to assess the effect of glutarldehyde fixation on gap junction structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "pieces", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "atrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this tissue the gap junctional particles were irregularly packed and their spacing averaged 10 . 0 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of effect of prenatal ethanol on adult emotionality and ethanol consumption in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower peak blood ethanol concentrations after 1 and 2 g of ethanol per kg were found in pregnant rats than in virgin females .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant differences in adult \" emotionality \" or ethanol consumption were found in rats exposed to prenatal alcohol and in pair - fed and untreated controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tropical splenomegaly syndrome in Zambia : further observations and effects of cycloguanil and proguanil .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenomegaly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nineteen Zambian patients with the tropical splenomegaly syndrome and sinusoidal lymphocytosis on liver biopsy were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenomegaly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "sinusoidal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of macrobulinaemia with the tropical splenomegaly syndrome has again been confirmed .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenomegaly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen patients were treated with antimalarials - 12 with cycloguanil pamoate alone , 3 with cycloguanil and proguanil , and 1 with proguanil alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve patients were observed for periods of sufficient length for the drug effect to be assessed , and in 11 there was a good response in terms of decrease in spleen size . Cycloguanil pamoate may be of value both for prophylaxis and treatment in areas where tropical splenomegaly syndrome is endemic .", "entity": [{"entity": "spleen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "splenomegaly", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [269, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of glucosyl - and fructosyltransferase synthesis by continuous cultures of Streptococcus mutans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Streptococcus mutans strains Ingbritt , and its derivative B7 which had been passaged through monkeys , have been used to investigate how the synthesis of extracellular glucosyl - and fructosyltransferases is regulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "strains", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "extracellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active enzyme from carbon - limited continuous cultures was a fructosyltransferase ; enzymes catalysing the formation of water - insoluble glucans from sucrose were relatively inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dextransucrase ( EC 2 . 4 . 1 . 5 ) , which catalyses soluble glucan synthesis , was most active in the supernatant fluid from cultures grown with excess glucose , fructose or sucrose , but full activity was detected only when the enzyme was incubated with both sucrose and dextran .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little dextransucrase activity was detected in carbon - limited cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that glucosyl - and fructosyltransferases are constitutive enzymes in that they are synthesized at similar rates during growth with an excess of the substrate or of the products of the reactions which they catalyse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Ingbritt strain was originally isolated from a carious lesion , it is now a poor source of glucosyltransferase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "carious lesion", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucosyltransferases were extremely active in cultures of a recent clinical isolate , strain 3209 , and were apparently induced during growth with excess glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "strain 3209", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts in experimental ocular vasoproliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "ocular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts was used to investigate three experimental models of neovascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each experimental situation , the casts provided a valuable three dimensional representation of the newly formed blood vessels and permitted subclassification of the vessels within normal and proliferating vascular networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "vascular networks", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They defined also the predominant origin of new vessels from venules and capillaries , and enabled the evolution of proliferating vessels into arterioles and venules to be documented .", "entity": [{"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "venules", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "capillaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "arterioles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "venules", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although vascular casts must be interpreted with caution in light of the possibility of incomplete filling and other artifacts , they are a valuable tool in the study of ocular vasoproliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "ocular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participation of p53 cellular tumour antigen in transformation of normal embryonic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "embryonic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular tumour antigen p53 is found at elevated levels in a wide variety of transformed cells ( for reviews see refs 1 , 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very little is yet known about the precise relationship of p53 to malignant transformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the increase in p53 levels could be a secondary by - product of the transformed state , it is equally possible that p53 is actively involved in altering cellular growth properties , especially as it has been implicated in the regulation of normal cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [256, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to test whether p53 could behave in a manner similar to known genes in a biological test system , and we demonstrate here that p53 can cooperate with the activated Ha - ras oncogene to transform normal embryonic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant foci contain cells of a markedly altered morphology which produce high levels of p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell lines established from such foci elicit tumours in syngeneic animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "foci", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction between cellular and viral genes in the expression of the RSV - induced transformation - specific cell - surface antigen VCSA .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "cell - surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transformation of BHK hamster fibroblasts by an env - strain of Rous sarcoma virus ( RSV ) leads to the appearance at the cell surface of a virus - induced nonvirion antigen ( VCSA ) , specific for transformation , whose expression is controlled by the transforming src gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "BHK hamster fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 41]}, {"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work has shown that a rabbit anti - VCSA serum lyses specifically , in the presence of complement , 51Cr - labelled RSV - transformed cells from different animal species .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum lyses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , by competition experiments with a panel of different unlabelled cells we show that the VCSA expressed on RSV - transformed hamster fibroblasts is a complex of at least three distinct antigenic specificities : ( 1 ) one expressed on all RSV - transformed fibroblasts , regardless their species and the subgroup or strain of the transforming virus ; ( 2 ) one cross - reacting with a cell - surface antigen ( CSA ) expressed at various degrees on untransformed avian fibroblasts , but not on mammalian fibroblasts ; ( 3 ) one species - specific , present only on RSV - transformed hamster fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [260, 271]}, {"entity": "cell - surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [388, 402]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [471, 482]}, {"entity": "mammalian fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [496, 517]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [593, 604]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that VCSA is a complex of several antigenic determinants , and that some of these differ in different cells transformed by RSV .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This observation indicates that VCSA expression at the cell surface is likely to be the result of the interaction between the viral src gene product pp60src with host cell gene ( s ) or gene product ( s ) , rather than the simple expression of this molecule at the cell surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [265, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of interleukin 1 in antigen - specific T cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) in human antigen - specific T cell proliferation was examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nylon wool - purified T cells proliferated in the presence of autologous monocytes ( Mo . ) pulsed for 18 h with tetanus toxoid ( TT ) antigen ( Mo . TT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "autologous monocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irradiation of Mo . TT with ultraviolet ( UV ) light ( 72 J / m2 ) abolished their capacity to support T cell proliferation and drastically reduced their capacity to secrete IL 1 after stimulation with Staphylococcus albus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defect in antigen presentation induced by UV irradiation of Mo . TT was reversed in a dose - dependent manner by the addition of two different preparations containing human interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first preparation consisted of supernatants of Mo . stimulated with Con A for 18 hr and in which Con A activity was blocked by alpha - D - methyl - mannoside ( Mo . - Con A - Sup ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second preparation consisted of human IL 1 partially purified from supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with S . albus .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This IL 1 copurified with human leukocyte pyrogen ( LP ) and was termed IL 1 / LP .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both IL 1 - containing preparations enhanced the response of C57BL / 6 mouse thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rabbit antibody to human IL 1 / LP inhibited the capacity of T cells to proliferate in response to Mo . TT and inhibited the capacity of Mo . - Con A - Sup to reconstitute the T cell response to UV - irradiated Mo . TT .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL 1 / LP was not necessary for T cells to recognize the immunogenic moiety presented by Mo . , because monolayers of UV - irradiated Mo . TT were equivalent to monolayers of unirradiated MO . TT in their capacity to adsorb TT - reactive T cells specifically .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "monolayers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "monolayers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 171]}, {"entity": "MO", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [188, 190]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [238, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the addition of rabbit antibody to IL 1 / LP did not interfere with the capacity of UV - irradiated Mo . TT to adsorb TT - reactive T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained in this study indicate that IL 1 is involved in optimal antigen - driven proliferation of human T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ca + + distribution after Na + pump inhibition in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of inhibition of the Na + pump , with secondary stimulation of Na + - Ca + + exchange , on cellular Ca + + distribution is examined using the on - line scintillation disk technique and cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "myocardial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [221, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under control conditions , La + + + displaced 78 . 1 + / - 1 . 13 % ( SEM ) of the total cell associated 45Ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of 1 mm ouabain or reduction of [ K + ] o to 0 . 5 mM resulted in a net increase of 10 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 % and 13 . 8 + / - 2 % , respectively , in total cell - associated Ca + + .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of this added 45Ca , 75 . 9 + / - 2 . 7 % and 78 . 4 + / - 2 . 1 % , respectively remained La + + + - displaceable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 45Ca - binding characteristics of isolated sarcolemma , prepared from the cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells using the gas dissection technique , were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "sarcolemma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "myocardial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When treated with either ouabain or low [ K + ] o solutions , sarcolemmal 45Ca binding did not change .", "entity": [{"entity": "sarcolemmal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result indicates that functional , intact tissue is necessary to observe the Ca + + increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of the cells with verapamil before and during ouabain exposure failed to inhibit the ouabain - induced increase in cell - associated 45Ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evidence indicates that inhibition of the Na + - pump , and secondary stimulation of Na + - Ca + + exchange , result in a net increase of 11 - 15 % in cell - associated Ca + + , 78 % of which remains La + + + - displaceable and is , therefore , localized to the sarcolemma - glycocalyx complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "sarcolemma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [266, 276]}, {"entity": "glycocalyx", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [279, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oesophageal candidiasis and croup in a child with defective neutrophil motility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oesophageal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe oesophageal candidiasis and croup due to involvement of the larynx developed insidiously in a girl aged 20 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "oesophageal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "larynx", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There had been delayed separation of the umbilical cord and repeated infections associated with a defect of neutrophil motility .", "entity": [{"entity": "umbilical cord", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of the early clinical features was not fully appreciated and the diagnosis considered only when stricture of the oesophagus became evident .", "entity": [{"entity": "oesophagus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was treated with oral ketoconazole 100 mg daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After one month ' s treatment there was striking radiological improvement apart from the persistence of the oesophageal stricture .", "entity": [{"entity": "oesophageal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The croup resolved completely but there was only partial relief of dysphagia because of the residual stricture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We would emphasis that candidiasis should be anticipated and treated vigorously in children with such a defect of neutrophil motility .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of translocations on the cellular myc gene in Burkitt lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Burkitt lymphomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromosomal translocations are found to be a characteristic feature of Burkitt lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Burkitt lymphomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar translocations are found in mouse plasmacytomas and both diseases involve interchanges between one of the immunoglobulin loci and DNA in the vicinity of the myc gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasmacytomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the myc gene has been elucidated from studies on translocated versions of the gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the myc gene may play a role in transformation by promoting growth of the cells bearing the rearranged chromosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "chromosomes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Suppurated acute obstructive cholangitis . Anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 134 cases are discussed , with suppurated acute obstructive angiocholitis , that underwent surgical treatment over a period of 10 years , representing 12 , 8 % of the total number of organic obstructions of the hepato - choledocus .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepato - choledocus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [222, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the standpoint of the etiopathogenic mechanisms the angiocholitis was determined by biliary lithiasis in 59 cases , by sclerosis of the Oddi sphincter in 5 cases , by postoperative cicatriceal stenosis of the main biliary pathway in 2 cases , by hepatic hydatitosis in 16 cases , by Vater ampuloma in 10 cases by cancers of the main biliary pathway in 40 cases and by the congenital cyst of the choledocus in one case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oddi sphincter", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "hepatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [251, 258]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [318, 325]}, {"entity": "cyst", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [388, 392]}, {"entity": "choledocus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [400, 410]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high frequency was noted , of the severe forms of ictero - uremigenic angiocholitis ( representing 68 cases , or 50 , 7 % of the total , with a death rate of 34 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medico - surgical treatment should be performed as early as possible , and it must be intensive , complex , and adapted to the anatomo - clinical forms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors performed evacuation choledocotomy with external draining in 22 cases ( 3 deaths ) , and choledoco - duodenal anastomosis in 46 cases ( 10 deaths ) , choledoco - jejunostomia in 3 cases , Oddi sphincterotomia in 12 cases ( 2 deaths ) ampulectomia in 5 cases ( 2 deaths ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral bilio - hepatodigestive anastomoses were performed in 40 cases with 5 deaths .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Reactive states among psychopathic personalities of different clinical groups ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of a clinical follow - up of 71 psychopaths with manifestations of reactive psychosis , the authors established the clinico - typological characteristics of both groups of pathology and the system of correlations between them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also described the structure of the psychopathic and psychogenic syndromes , the type of psychopathic personality reaction and the form of psychogenic responses and proved statistically their close interrelationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were obtained on some general regularities of interrelations of reactive psychoses with a psychopathic background which are important for the prognosis , prophylaxis and therapy of reactive states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition by N - ( phosphonacetyl ) - L - aspartate of Ehrlich ascites tumour growth and glucose transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - ( Phosphonacetyl ) - L - aspartate ( PALA ) suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vivo in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumour cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneously as the growth rate decreased , the cellular uptake of glucose and the density of a class of glucose - reversible binding sites for cytochalasin B on the cell surface were also found to be reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "cell surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a highly significant correlation between the magnitude of changes in the number of cytochalasin B binding sites and the magnitude of changes in glucose uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physiological significance of these observations are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of 3 - chloromethylthiochromone - 1 , 1 - dioxide on nucleic acid , protein , and aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - Chloromethylthiochromone - 1 , 1 - dioxide was observed to be a potent inhibitor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth and a moderate inhibitor of P - 388 lymphocytic leukemia growth at 10 mg / kg / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 113]}, {"entity": "P - 388 lymphocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary in vitro studies showed that the agents significantly inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehrlich ascites cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo studies after dosing on Days 6 , 7 , and 8 demonstrated the same reductions in nucleic acid synthesis and a moderate reduction in protein synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary site of nucleic acid synthesis , which was blocked by 3 - chloromethylthiochromone , was at orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in the primidine pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other enzymes , in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis , which were blocked include hexokinase , phosphofructokinase , succinic and alpha - ketoglutarate dehydrogenases , as well as States 3 and 4 of oxidative phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unusual case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucous membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid ( BMMP ) is unusual in that blistering , scarring lesions were confined to the skin for 15 years before mucous membranes were involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucous membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "mucous membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The onset of this disorder at the age of 38 is also unusual .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed immunological investigation was performed on this patient but the results in no way clarify the present confusion regarding the immunopathological processes in BMMP related to those operative in bullous pemphigoid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mast cell heparin stimulates migration of capillary endothelial cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mast cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Migration of capillary endothelial cells is an important component of angiogenesis in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased numbers of mast cells have been associated with several types of angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used a quantitative assay in vitro to demonstrate that mast cells release a factor that significantly increases bovine capillary endothelial cell migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The factor is present in medium conditioned by mast cells as well as lysates of mast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stimulatory effect of mast cells on migration is specific for capillary endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , mast cells have no mitogenic activity for capillary endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of all the secretory products of mast cells tested , only heparin stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "capillary endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin preparations from a variety of sources stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration to the same degree but did not stimulate migration of several other cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 84]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The migration activity of heparin and mast cell conditioned medium was blocked by specific antagonists of heparin ( protamine and heparinase ) , but not by chondroitinase ABC .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The migration activity of mast cell conditioned medium was resistant to heat ( 100 degrees C ) and incubation with proteolytic enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the role of mast cells in angiogenesis may be to enhance migration of the endothelial cells of growing capillaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "mast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 118]}, {"entity": "capillaries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer progression and p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a complex organism , somatic cells are under intermittent selection pressure for the emergence of mutants that can survive environmental insults and that can grow autonomously despite adverse conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated rounds of mutation , selection , and proliferation may lead to cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organism prevents malignant transformation by assuring accurate DNA repair before cell division , by forcing the death of cells with excessive DNA damage , and by placing limits on the replicative lifespans of most somatic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "somatic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p53 gene is a \" guardian of the genome \" - - it regulates multiple components of the DNA damage control response and promotes cellular senescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disabling mutations and deletions of p53 occur in 50 % of human tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 - deficient cancers are often unstable , aggressive , and resistant to therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 - deficient cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Met proto - oncogene mesenchymal to epithelial cell conversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesenchymal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "epithelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of the human Met receptor and its ligand , hepatocyte growth factor / scatter factor ( HGF / SF ) , in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts causes the cells to become tumorigenic in nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH 3T3 fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 135]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [147, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant tumors display lumen - like morphology , contain carcinoma - like focal areas with intercellular junctions resembling desmosomes , and coexpress epithelial ( cytokeratin ) and mesenchymal ( vimentin ) cytoskeletal markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "lumen", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "carcinoma - like focal areas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 91]}, {"entity": "intercellular junctions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 120]}, {"entity": "desmosomes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "mesenchymal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "cytoskeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [215, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor cells also display enhanced expression of desmosomal and tight - junction proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "desmosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "tight - junction", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent mesenchymal to epithelial conversion of the tumor cells mimics the conversion that occurs during embryonic kidney development , suggesting that Met - HGF / SF signaling plays a role in this process as well as in tumors that express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesenchymal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "embryonic kidney", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 231]}, {"entity": "epithelial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [250, 260]}, {"entity": "mesenchymal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [265, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultraviolet B irradiation promotes tumorigenic and metastatic properties in primary cutaneous melanoma via induction of interleukin 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary cutaneous melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [76, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV radiation has been shown to play a role in the initiation of human cutaneous melanoma , but its role in the development of malignant melanoma to the metastatic state is not very well defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutaneous melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "malignant melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although previous studies have concentrated on the effect of UV - B on the host immune response , the effect of UV - B on the tumor cells was not elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that UV - B can induce interleukin 8 ( IL - 8 ) mRNA and protein secretion in human cutaneous melanoma with negligible expression of IL - 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutaneous melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - B - induced IL - 8 was constitutively expressed 60 days after irradiation in tumors implanted in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of IL - 8 was UV - B dose dependent and blocked by cyclohexamide , indicating that de novo protein synthesis is required for its expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UV - irradiated cells demonstrated enhanced tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in tumorigenicity and metastatic ability could be explained by the increase in Mr 72 , 000 type IV collagenase activity and angiogenesis attributed to the induction of IL - 8 after irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acquisition of the metastatic phenotype induced by UV - B could not be attributed to abnormalities in the p53 or MTS - 1 ( p16INK4 ) genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first report to show that UV - B can increase the aggressiveness of human cutaneous melanoma for growth and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutaneous melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LHRH pulse generator : a mediobasal hypothalamic location .", "entity": [{"entity": "mediobasal hypothalamic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The location and mechanism of LHRH pulse generator are discussed based on our series of experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suckling stimulus is a novel stimulus that inhibits LH pulses without any cooperation from ovarian steroids , unlike other stimuli such as stress , photoperiod etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is directly involved in suppressing the activity of the LHRH pulse generator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information from teats suckled by pups or babies is conveyed dorsally to the mediobasal hypothalamus ( MBH ) , where the LHRH pulse generator may be located .", "entity": [{"entity": "mediobasal hypothalamus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "MBH", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments using various types of deafferentation and fetal brain tissue transplantation confirmed that the LHRH pulse generator is located in the MBH and suggested that LHRH pulse generator consists of nonLHRH neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal brain tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "MBH", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "neurons", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [212, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endogenous excitatory amino acid is one of the possible neurotransmitters that regulate LHRH release at the nerve terminal in ME .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerve terminal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer metastasis : negative regulation by an invasion - suppressor complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invasion is the hallmark of tumor malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We situate invasion within microecosystems comprising neoplastic cells as well as host cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplastic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of invasion within such systems is ascribed to balances between promoter and suppressor pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The E - cadherin / alpha - , beta - , gamma - catenin complex has an invasion - suppressor function as evidenced by transfections either with sense cDNA encoding these molecules or with antisense cDNA inhibiting their expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of heterozygosity at the E - Cadherin ( uvo ) locus has been reported , but mutations in the E - cadherin gene seem to be rare .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Downregulation of E - cadherin occurred at the level of transcription or of mRNA stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex vivo cultures from invasive tumors or metastases produced cells that were homogeneously E - cadherin - positive and noninvasive in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultures", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "invasive tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations have led to the idea that factors in the host downmodulate the E - cadherin complex and promote invasion most probably in a transient way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin - steroid conjugates : new angiogenesis inhibitors with antitumor activity in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "antitumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitors of angiogenesis hold potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where the disease is caused or maintained by the inappropriate growth of blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [161, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis was synthesized by covalently linking a nonanticoagulating derivative of heparin , heparin adipic hydrazide ( HAH ) , by an acid - labile bond to the antiangiogenic steroid , cortisol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rationale was that the heparin derivative , which binds to sulfated polyanion receptors on endothelial cells , should concentrate the steroid on the surface of vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "vascular endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [164, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocytosis of the conjugate and decomposition of the acid - labile linkage inside lysosomes and other acidic intracellular compartments should then lead to release of the cortisol and expression of its antiproliferative activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysosomes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "intracellular compartments", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the stability of HAH - cortisol showed that it was stable at pH 7 . 4 and broke down rapidly ( t1 / 2 15 min ) at pH 4 . 8 at 37 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of murine pulmonary capillary endothelial cells with HAH - cortisol at 10 ( - 5 ) M ( with respect to cortisol ) suppressed their DNA synthesis by 50 % and inhibited their migration into wounded areas of confluent monolayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 57]}, {"entity": "wounded areas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [197, 210]}, {"entity": "monolayers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [224, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HAH - cortisol at 10 ( - 4 ) M ( with respect to cortisol ) did not suppress the DNA synthesis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis lung carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily i . p . injections of HAH - cortisol into mice bearing s . c . sponge implants retarded vascularization of the sponge , and injections directly into the sponge abolished vascularization for as long as the injections were continued .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily i . v . injections of HAH - cortisol at doses causing no apparent toxicity retarded the growth of solid s . c .", "entity": [{"entity": "i . v .", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lewis lung carcinomas in mice by up to 65 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all of these assays , equivalent treatments with a mixture of the HAH plus cortisol was significantly less effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiproliferative effect of HAH - cortisol on endothelial cells appeared independent of the glucocorticoid activity of the steroid since HAH conjugated to 5 beta - pregnane - 3 alpha , 17 alpha , 21 - triol - 20 - one , a steroid lacking glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity , was even more effective at inhibiting DNA synthesis by murine pulmonary capillary endothelial cells than was HAH - cortisol .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "pulmonary capillary endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [351, 388]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , HAH - cortisol represents the prototype of a new class of angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenic diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colorimetrical rate assay for urinary dipeptidyl peptidase IV ( DPPIV ) activity using a new substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We synthesized a new substrate glycyl - L - proline 3 , 5 - dibromo - 4 - hydroxyanilide ( Gly - Pro - DBAP ) , for dipeptidyl peptidase IV ( DPPIV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its hydrolysis by DPPIV resulted in the formation of a chromophore , 2 , 6 - dibromophenol - indo - p - xylenol , and its maximal absorption wavelength ( 600 nm ) was longer than that of p - nitroaniline ( 415 nm ) released from conventional substrate , glycyl - L - proline p - nitroanilide ( Gly - Pro - pNA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also established the rate assay for urinary DPPIV activity using Gly - Pro - DBAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimum pH was between 8 . 5 and 9 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent Km was 1 . 1 mmol / 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detectable range was 2 . 5 - 350 U / l .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No changes in blank values occurred throughout the enzyme reaction in the optimum pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its value was also much lower than Gly - Pro - pNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CVs for within - run and between - run were 1 . 1 % ( n = 10 ) and 3 . 0 % ( n = 10 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among tested peptidases , only DPPIV could hydrolyze Gly - Pro - DBAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the protease inhibitors , only two , diprotin - A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ( PMSA ) , could inhibit DPPIV activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present method did not interfere with urinary ingredients such as hemoglobin .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation between the present ( y ) and conventional ( x ) methods is presented by the equation y = 1 . 121x + 0 . 096 ( r = 0 . 993 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus the present method provides practical advantages over the conventional method for routine laboratory use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary hyperparathyroidism and the heart : cardiac abnormalities correlated to clinical and biochemical data .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHP ) to a normocalcemic control population , those with PHP have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and cardiac abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed at correlating cardiac findings ( valvular and myocardial calcification , myocardial hypertrophy ) with clinical data ( age , sex , clinical manifestation , nephrolithiasis , nephrocalcinosis , hypertension , skeletal abnormalities , hypercalcemic syndrome ) and biochemical data ( serum calcium , serum phosphate , serum iPTH level , serum creatinine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "valvular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "skeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [226, 234]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [299, 304]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [315, 320]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [333, 338]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [352, 357]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of 132 consecutive patients with surgically verified PHP ( 94 women , 38 men ; ages 15 - 86 , mean age 57 + / - 16 years ) were included in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood chemistry , clinical presentation , radiography , and echocardiography were carried out in all patients for univariate and multivariate analyses of all parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no statistical correlation between clinical symptoms , biochemical data , and cardiac calcific alterations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical skeletal manifestations ( osteolysis / subperiostal resorption ) and valvular calcifications were significantly correlated to left ventricular hypertrophy ( p = 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "skeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "valvular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "left ventricular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac abnormalities such as calcific myocardial deposits or mitral and aortic valvular calcifications do not correlate with laboratory findings and clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "mitral", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "aortic valvular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no biochemical or clinical variable that could predict the frequency or severity of valvular sclerosis or calcific deposits in the myocardium .", "entity": [{"entity": "valvular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "myocardium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , PHP - related skeletal abnormalities and valvular calcification were predicting factors for left ventricular hypertrophy , a reversible cardiac manifestation of PHP .", "entity": [{"entity": "skeletal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "valvular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "left ventricular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "cardiac", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial hypertrophy is more often found with classic symptomatic PHP with osseous abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myocardial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "osseous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenoperoxidase - dependent glutathione cycle activity in peroxide - challenged leukemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murine leukemia L1210 cells rendered deficient in glutathione peroxidase ( GPX ) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase ( PHGPX ) by Se deprivation ( L . Se ( - ) cells ) were found to be more sensitive to tert - butyl hydroperoxide ( t - BuOOH ) cytotoxicity than Se - replete controls ( L . Se ( + ) cells ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia L1210 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "L . Se ( - ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 183]}, {"entity": "L . Se ( + ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [304, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human K562 cells , which express PHGPX , but not GPX , were also more sensitive to t - BuOOH in the Se - deficient ( K . Se ( - ) ) than Se - satisfied ( K . Se ( + ) ) condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "K . Se ( - )", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "K . Se ( + )", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [154, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In examining the metabolic basis for selenoperoxidase - dependent resistance , we found that glucose - replete Se ( - ) cells reduce t - BuOOH to t - butanol far more slowly than Se ( + ) cells , the ratio of the first - order rate constants approximating that of the GPX activities ( L1210 cells ) or PHGPX activities ( K562 cells ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se ( - ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "Se ( + ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [179, 193]}, {"entity": "L1210 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [285, 296]}, {"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [321, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monitoring peroxide - induced changes in GSH and GSSG gave consistent results ; e . g . , glucose - depleted L . Se ( + ) cells exhibited a first order loss of GSH that was substantially faster than that of glucose - depleted L . Se ( - ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "L . Se ( + ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "L . Se ( - ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [226, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the conditions used , peroxide - induced conversion of GSH to GSSG could be stoichiometrically reversed by resupplying D - glucose , indicating that no significant lysis or GSSG efflux and / or interchange had taken place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent first - order rate constant for GSH decay increased progressively for L1210 cells expressing a range of GPX activities from approximately 5 % to 100 % , demonstrating that peroxide detoxification is strictly dependent on enzyme content .", "entity": [{"entity": "L1210 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial rate of 14CO2 release from D - [ 1 - 14C ] glucose supplied in the medium was much greater for L . Se ( + ) or K . Se ( + ) cells than for their respective Se ( - ) counterparts , consistent with greater hexose monophosphate shunt activity in the former .", "entity": [{"entity": "L . Se ( + )", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "K . Se ( + ) cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 141]}, {"entity": "Se ( - )", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results highlight the importance of selenoperoxidase action in the glutathione cycle as a means by which tumor cells cope with hydroperoxide stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential expression and mutation of NME genes in autologous cultured human melanoma cells with different metastatic potentials .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative metastasis suppressor genes , NME1 ( nm23 - 1 ) and NME2 ( nm23 - 2 ) , were examined in a model system we developed to approximate the dissemination of melanoma from a primary skin tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "primary skin tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilized two autologous human melanoma cell lines , IV Cl 1 and IV Cl 3 , which displayed qualitatively different metastatic phenotypes following subdermal inoculation into nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "IV Cl 1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "IV Cl 3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "subdermal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly metastatic IV Cl 1 cells expressed approximately 5 fold lower levels of protein encoded by NME genes than non - metastatic IV Cl 3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic IV Cl 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 31]}, {"entity": "non - metastatic IV Cl 3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar differences in NME protein levels were observed in tumors induced by the two cell lines in nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences in NME mRNA levels between these two cell lines , suggesting that expression of these proteins is regulated at a post - transcriptional level .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a ser122 - pro mutation in the NME2 gene of metastatic IV Cl 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic IV Cl 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar ser120 - gly mutation in NME1 has been found in human neuroblastoma , suggesting that mutation in this region may be a general phenomenon related to tumor progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutations may have functional consequences since they eliminate potential phosphorylation sites and may affect the tertiary structure of mature protein complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Image - directed and color Doppler studies of gallbladder tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallbladder tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder ( GB ) , 1 of malignant fibrous histocytoma , 3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma , 5 of adenoma , 5 of polypus , 2 of xanthogranuloma , 6 of chronic cholecystitis , 4 of acute cholecystitis , and 8 of subacute cholecystitis were studied by image - directed and color Doppler ultrasonography ( CDUS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 40]}, {"entity": "gallbladder", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "malignant fibrous histocytoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 103]}, {"entity": "metastatic adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 136]}, {"entity": "adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "polypus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "xanthogranuloma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the 14 cases of primary GB cancer ( 10 masses , 4 thickening wall ) were found to have a high velocity arterial blood flow signal in the wall of the GB .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary GB cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "masses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "arterial blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the 3 cases of metastatic cancer of the GB had no blood flow signal in the wall of the GB .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 30 cases of benign lesions of the GB , only in 12 cases was a low velocity blood flow signal found .", "entity": [{"entity": "benign lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine of 10 cases of primary GB malignancy were found to have high velocity arterial blood flow signals in the tumor masses .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary GB malignancy", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "arterial blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "tumor masses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No blood flow signal was observed in the masses of 13 cases ( 3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma , 5 of adenoma , 5 of polypus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "masses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "metastatic adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 92]}, {"entity": "adenoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "polypus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An abnormal high velocity arterial blood flow signal observed within masses in the GB or in the GB wall is a significant feature of primary GB cancer and thus helps to differentiate primary GB cancer from metastatic and benign lesions of the GB .", "entity": [{"entity": "arterial blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "masses", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "GB wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "primary GB cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "primary GB cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [182, 199]}, {"entity": "metastatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "benign lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [220, 234]}, {"entity": "GB", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [242, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of calmodulin - dependent myosin light - chain kinase by growth - hormone - releasing factor and vasoactive intestinal peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of the ability of calmodulin to bind vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) and growth - hormone - releasing factor ( GRF ) with high affinity [ Stallwood , Brugger , Baggenstoss , Stemmer , Shiraga , Landers and Paul ( 1992 ) J . Biol . Chem . 267 , 19617 - 19621 ] , the effects of these neuropeptides on a model calmodulin - dependent enzyme , myosin light - chain kinase ( MLCK ) , were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both peptides were potent inhibitors of MLCK activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of enzyme activity by VIP and GRF was progressively overcome with increasing calmodulin concentrations , with no inhibition observed at a saturating calmodulin concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanomolar concentrations of MLCK blocked the formation of calmodulin - [ 125I - Tyr10 ] VIP complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide support for a functional role of VIP and GRF binding by calmodulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclin D1 / bcl - 1 cooperates with myc genes in the generation of B - cell lymphoma in transgenic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - cell lymphoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosomal translocation t ( 11 : 14 ) is associated with human lymphoid neoplasia affecting centrocytic B - cells of intermediate differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "lymphoid neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "centrocytic B - cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence the cyclin D1 ( bcl - 1 ) gene is juxtaposed to the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer E mu .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To show that transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 is causally involved in the generation of B - cell neoplasia we have generated transgenic mice that carry a cyclin D1 gene under the transcriptional control of the E mu element .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - cell neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E mu cyclin D1 transgenic mice show only very subtle alterations in the cycling behaviour of B - cell populations in the bone marrow compared with normal mice and do not develop lymphoid tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - cell populations", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 113]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "lymphoid tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , E mu - directed coexpression of cyclin D1 and N - MYC or L - MYC in double transgenic mice reveals a strong cooperative effect between MYC and cyclin D1 provoking the rapid development of clonal pre - B and B - cell lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonal pre - B", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [198, 212]}, {"entity": "B - cell lymphomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [217, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , crossing of cyclin D1 transgenic mice with E mu L - myc transgenics that express their transgene in both B - and T - cells but predominantly develop T - cell tumours leads in double transgenics exclusively to B - cell neoplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "B -", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "T - cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "T - cell tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 181]}, {"entity": "B - cell neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [225, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data presented here demonstrate that transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 can oncogenically transform B - cells in concert with a myc gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They establish cyclin D1 as a proto - oncogene whose activity appears to depend on a specific cell type as well as on a specific cooperating partner and link disturbances in the regulation of cell cycle progression to the development of human malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [192, 196]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [243, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated expression of the junB proto - oncogene is essential for v - fos induced transformation of Rat - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rat - 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously described the isolation of non - tumorigenic revertants from mutagenized populations of v - fos - transformed Rat - 1 cells ( Zarbl et al . , 1987 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "populations", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Rat - 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we examined the possibility that the revertant phenotype resulted from mutations that altered the expression or activities of the c - jun or junB proto - oncogenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrated that levels of the c - jun mRNA and protein were unchanged in the revertants when compared to the transformed parental cells , and ectopic overexpression of c - jun failed to retransform the revertants .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "revertants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [216, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although one mutant allele was detected in revertant EMS - 1 - 19 , overexpression of this mutant allele failed to inhibit v - fos induced cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertant EMS - 1 - 19", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 65]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these results indicated that the revertant phenotype did not result from altered expression or mutations in the c - jun gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertant", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the results obtained with c - jun , the levels of junB mRNA and protein were found to be reduced two - or threefold in revertant EMS - 1 - 19 .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertant EMS - 1 - 19", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic overexpression of junB induced transformation of revertant EMS - 1 - 19 , but failed to transform Rat - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertant EMS - 1 - 19", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "Rat - 1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , about 10 % of v - fos transformed cells transfected with vectors that express antisense junB mRNA acquired a non - transformed phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these results indicate that expression of junB above a threshold level is essential for v - fos - induced transformation of Rat - 1 fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rat - 1 fibroblasts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methotrexate osteopathy in rheumatic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether two adults with stress fractures receiving low weekly doses of methotrexate had methotrexate osteopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE REPORTS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two adult patients developed features consistent with methotrexate osteopathy while receiving low weekly doses of methotrexate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iliac crest biopsy samples were taken and bone histomorphometry carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iliac crest biopsy samples", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symptoms resolved when the methotrexate was discontinued .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone histology showed changes consistent with osteoblast inhibition by methotrexate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "osteoblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When given in low doses for prolonged periods , methotrexate may have adverse effects on bone , particularly in post - menopausal women .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methodologies for measuring carcinogen adducts in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , although some of the more optimistic aspirations for human biomonitoring studies envisaged a decade ago have not been realized thus far , some considerable advances have been made .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The examples cited above indicate that the feasibility of biomonitoring has been clearly established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , they demonstrate the need for preliminary biomarker testing and validation through transitional studies prior to their field application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next decade of research into carcinogen adducts in humans , continued improvements in the reproducibility and specificity of assays for DNA adducts will be needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the increasing use of hybrid methodologies to concentrate adducts followed by specific chemical analyses will allow such adducts to be monitored more precisely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , further basic research into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis will allow the measurement of specific novel markers which are more closely tied to the disease endpoint than adducts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of new assays for determining metabolic phenotypes and genotypes relevant to carcinogenesis should improve our estimates of susceptibility ( 46 - 48 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such new approaches along with the sustained improvement of current assays will allow molecular approaches to continue to enrich cancer epidemiology in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Treatment of the diabetic foot by hyperbaric oxygen ]", "entity": [{"entity": "foot", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic foot wounds are consequences of the neuropathy and the small and large vessel disease that complicate diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "foot wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "vessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the cellular level , the result is hypoxia which impairs wound healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperbaric oxygenation ( HBO ) may be a useful adjuvant to wound care .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It leads to enhanced oxygenation of the affected tissues , has an antiseptic effect , reduces edema , and accelerates collagen production and angiogenesis , thus enhancing tissue repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 diabetics with chronic nonhealing wounds which did not respond to treatment for at least 3 months were treated by HBO .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic nonhealing wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All had palpable pedal pulses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcutaneous measurements of tissue pO2 showed elevation from 20 + / - 10 mm Hg during air breathing to 643 + / - 242 mm Hg while breathing pure oxygen at 2 . 5 ATA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transcutaneous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were treated with HBO in 56 + / - 10 consecutive HBO sessions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 11 there was complete wound healing , while in 1 there was partial response , in 1 minimal response , and in 1 a transient response .", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBO is useful in chronic nonhealing wounds of the diabetic foot and of the diabetic foot with impending amputation .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic nonhealing wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 42]}, {"entity": "foot", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "foot", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a safe mode of therapy , but further studies are required to establish its efficacy and to ascertain which diabetic patients and wounds will benefit the most from it .", "entity": [{"entity": "wounds", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactotransferrin binding to its platelet receptor inhibits platelet aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fluorescent lactotransferrin probe was prepared by coupling 5 - ( ( [ 2 - ( carbhydrazino ) methyl ] - thio ) acetyl ) amino fluorescein to aldehyde groups that were produced by a mild periodic - acid oxidation of the glycan moieties of lactotransferrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this manner , the receptor - binding site of the lactotransferrin remains active in contrast to the binding site of the lactotransferrin derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluorescent probe allowed us to characterize , by flow cytometry , the binding of lactotransferrin to non - activated human platelets .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative lactotransferrin platelet receptor was purified and its immunological and physico - chemical properties were found to be very similar to those of the receptor previously isolated from activated human lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactotransferrin inhibits ADP - induced platelet aggregation at concentrations down to 5 nM , which can be reached in the plasma after leukocyte degranulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "plasma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "leukocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of platelet aggregation was also observed with the N - terminal fragment of lactotransferrin ( residues 3 - 281 ; 50 % inhibition = 2 microM ) and with CFQWQRNMRKVRGPPVSC synthetic octodecapeptide ( residues 20 - 37 ; 50 % inhibition = 20 microM ) corresponding to one of the two external loops ( residues 28 - 34 and 39 - 42 ) where we recently located the receptor - binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity ( 50 % inhibition = 500 microM ) of the tetrapeptide KRDS ( residues 39 - 42 ) , which has already been described , was at least 25 - times and 16000 - times lower than the activity of the octodecapeptide and of the lactotransferrin molecules , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the inhibition was demonstrated to be mediated by a mechanism which requires the binding of lactotransferrin to its putative receptor and not to platelet glycoprotein IIb - IIIa .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appearance of tumorous phenotypes in goldfish erythrophores transfected with ras , src , and myc oncogenes and spontaneous differentiation of the transformants in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumorous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "erythrophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When goldfish erythrophores isolated from the skin by tissue digestion and centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient were transfected in a monolayer - culture with v - Ha - ras or v - src oncogene either singly or in combination with v - myc by means of calcium phosphate - DNA co - precipitation , there appeared a certain number of transformants manifesting a chromatoblast - like profile and tumorous phenotypes as seen in the capability for unlimited growth , and piling - up in a monolayer - culture or colony formation in semi - solid soft agar .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythrophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "monolayer - culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 161]}, {"entity": "transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [337, 350]}, {"entity": "chromatoblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [365, 378]}, {"entity": "tumorous", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [398, 406]}, {"entity": "monolayer - culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [488, 507]}, {"entity": "colony", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [511, 517]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After successive growth in vitro for longer than one month which was scarcely observed with the erythrophores , the vast majority of such transformants began to differentiate into erythrophores and ceased proliferation spontaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythrophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 151]}, {"entity": "erythrophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The onset of their differentiation was ascertained by the deposition of marker pteridine pigments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the transformants differentiated into melanophores or iridophores or other neural crest derivatives as seen in goldfish erythrophoroma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "melanophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "iridophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "neural crest", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "erythrophoroma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [128, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little difference was observed in their transforming efficiency ( 0 . 2 - 0 . 3 transformants / micrograms DNA ) between the combinations of oncogenes applied but a tendency was noted that cells transfected with ras or src in combination with myc developed the capacity to grow for a longer period and differentiated at a later stage than those transfected solely with ras or src .", "entity": [{"entity": "transformants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [189, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One cell line ( ESM - 1 ) derived from the erythrophores transfected with src / myc grew successively over nine months , indicating its acquisition of immortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "ESM - 1", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "erythrophores", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of the transfected oncogenes in this cell line was examined in comparison with the erythrophoroma cells by Western and Northern blot analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "erythrophoroma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [98, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune consequences of burn injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the immune system is to protect cells from invasion by microorganisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The body has three equally important interactive immune defense systems , all of which are profoundly disrupted with major burn injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "immune defense systems", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immune response to burn injury is immediate , prolonged , and severe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The end result in individuals surviving burn shock is immunosuppression , with increased susceptibility to potentially fatal systemic burn wound or pulmonary sepsis .", "entity": [{"entity": "burn wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nursing actions to support the humoral and cell - mediated immune system of the burned patient include providing nutritional support to maintain serum protein levels at optimal levels ; measures to decrease edema and promote angiogenesis in areas of partial - thickness injury ; meticulous treatment of the wound to prevent infection and promote healing ; monitoring of antibiotic use ; conservative use of invasive techniques , including intubation and vascular access devices ; maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and body temperature ; and energy conservation measures .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "immune system", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "serum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 212]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [307, 312]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [454, 462]}, {"entity": "fluid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [495, 500]}, {"entity": "body", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [529, 533]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autocrine angiogenic vascular prosthesis with bone marrow transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic vascular prostheses are foreign bodies , so that blood coagulation can occur on their luminal surfaces , causing graft occlusion very frequently in prostheses of small diameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "luminal surfaces", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vascular prosthesis needs angiogenesis for endothelialization of the luminal surface , as endothelial cells have natural and permanent antithrombogenic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "luminal surface", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To induce capillary growth into the graft , we developed a method of transplanting bone marrow cells , which are primitive , strong enough to survive , and create blood cells , resulting in the inducement of capillary growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "capillary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "bone marrow cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "blood cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "capillary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an animal experiment , marrow cells were infiltrated into the walls of long - fibril expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE ) vascular grafts .", "entity": [{"entity": "marrow cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "vascular grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The grafts were implanted in the abdominal aortic position of 24 dogs autologously .", "entity": [{"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "abdominal aortic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marrow cells survived and continued exogenous hemopoiesis for up to six months and were immunohistochemically reactive to basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marrow cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the grafts older than three weeks had complete endothelialization and maintained their patency .", "entity": [{"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty grafts without bone marrow were implanted as controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelialization was present at anastomotic sites , but other areas were covered with fresh thrombi .", "entity": [{"entity": "anastomotic sites", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "thrombi", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four out of seven control grafts were patent with endothelial cell lining at six months , but three were occluded and one of the four grafts was still covered with a thrombus layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "grafts", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "thrombus layer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [166, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone marrow with its unique native properties produced autocrine angiogenicity in the graft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone marrow", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of clonal analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential diagnosis for synchronous primary ovarian and endometrial cancers and metastatic cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary ovarian", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "endometrial cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "metastatic cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous involvement of the endometrium and the ovary by carcinoma is a familiar problem in the routine practice of surgical pathology .", "entity": [{"entity": "endometrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "ovary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such cases may be considered either examples of a single primary carcinoma with metastasis or as synchronous primary neoplasms .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "synchronous primary neoplasms", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distinction between these two possibilities is made based on clinicopathologic observations , and therefore may not be definitive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the authors used molecular techniques to analyze the clonal composition of five cases of concurrent adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and ovary that were clinicopathologically diagnosed as synchronous primary tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "endometrium", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "ovary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "synchronous primary tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [213, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patterns of X - chromosome inactivation , mutations in the K - ras gene , mutations or allelic loss of the p53 gene , or human papillomavirus detection were identical in both endometrial and ovarian lesions in three of the cases suggesting that those three cases represented single primary tumors with metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "X - chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "endometrial", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "ovarian lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "primary tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [282, 296]}, {"entity": "metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [302, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both of the other two cases , the patterns of X - chromosome inactivation clearly demonstrated the presence of independent primary tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "X - chromosome", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "primary tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of molecular technology may play an important role for the differential diagnosis between synchronous primary carcinomas and a single carcinoma with metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "synchronous primary carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 136]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "metastasis", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular biology of cervical cancer and its precursors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "precursors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cervical cancer develops from well - defined precursor lesions referred to as either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cervical cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "precursor lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "cervical intraepithelial neoplasia", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 119]}, {"entity": "squamous intraepithelial lesions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now known that specific types of human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) are the principal etiologic agents for both cervical cancer and its precursors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "precursors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high - oncogenic - risk HPV types associated with invasive cervical cancer produce two oncoproteins , designated E6 and E7 , which interact with endogenous cell cycle regulatory proteins , including p53 and Rb .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive cervical cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of virally derived and endogenous cellular proteins converges in deregulation of cell cycle progression and appears to be critical for the development of cervical cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "cervical cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [170, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the development of cervical cancer is a multistep process that cannot be explained simply by infection with specific types of HPV .", "entity": [{"entity": "cervical cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One additional event that appears to play a role in tumor progression is integration of HPV DNA into the host genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integration of HPV DNA frequently disrupts the E2 open reading frames , resulting in overexpression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins and possibly causing genomic instability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional cofactors and mutational events may be important in the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancers and may include chromosomal rearrangements , loss of constitutional heterozygosity , and proto - oncogene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive cervical cancers", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 108]}, {"entity": "chromosomal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of radiation on neovascularization in a rat model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is thought that radiation treatment inhibits neovascularization of recipient and / or graft tissues , and this may account in part for abnormalities in wound healing associated with radiation therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "graft tissues", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined this hypothesis using a model that measures the neovascularization of an implanted foreign material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ) sheets were implanted adjacent to both superficial epigastric vascular pedicles of 63 rats distributed into 7 groups ( n = 7 ) that differed with respect to dose and timing of irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigastric vascular pedicles", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zero to 10 daily fractions of electron - beam radiation ( 300 cGy each ) were delivered to the implant in the right groin , while the implant in the left groin served as a nonirradiated internal control .", "entity": [{"entity": "right groin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "left groin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unirradiated animals showed equal neovascularization of both implants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats that were irradiated twice ( single fractions at 0 and 24 hours after implantation ) did not show a significant decrease in the neovascularization of the irradiated implant compared with the contralateral control implant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the implants that were irradiated three times ( single fractions at 0 , 24 , and 48 hours after implantation ) demonstrated significantly diminished ( greater than 25 percent , p less than 0 . 05 ) neovascularization beyond day 7 , whereas implants irradiated only at 48 hours after implantation did not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , neovascularization of the implants irradiated with 10 fractions ( 3000 cGy ) was not significantly decreased compared with irradiation with three fractions ( 900 cGy ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irradiation delivered before implantation ( 900 cGy ) inhibited neovascularization significantly less than the same dose administered after implantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study suggest that a subclinical cumulative dose of 900 cGy is the threshold for impaired tissue revascularization provided that treatment is delivered immediately after implantation over a 48 - hour interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prognostic value of angiogenesis in operable non - small cell lung cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumour angiogenesis is an important factor for tumour growth and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although some recent reports suggest that microvessel counts in non - small cell lung cancer are related to a poor disease outcome , the results were not conclusive and were not compared with other molecular prognostic markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "microvessel", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the vascular grade was assessed in 107 ( T1 , 2 - N0 , 1 ) operable non - small cell lung carcinomas , using the JC70 monoclonal antibody to CD31 .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "non - small cell lung carcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three vascular grades were defined with appraisal by eye and by Chalkley counting : high ( Chalkley score 7 - 12 ) , medium ( 5 - 6 ) , and low ( 2 - 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant correlation between eye appraisal and Chalkley counting ( P less than 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "eye", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular grade was not related to histology , grade , proliferation index ( Ki67 ) , or EGFR or p53 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumours from younger patients had a higher grade of angiogenesis ( P = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumours", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from the vascular grade , none of the other factors examined was statistically related to lymph node metastasis ( P less than 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A univariate analysis of survival showed that vascular grade was the most significant prognostic factor ( P = 0 . 0004 ) , followed by N - stage ( P = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a multivariate analysis , N - stage and vascular grade were not found to be independent prognostic factors , since they were strongly related to each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excluding N - stage , vascular grade was the only independent prognostic factor ( P = 0 . 007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kaplan - Meier survival curves showed a statistically significant worse prognosis for patients with high vascular grade , but no difference was observed between low and medium vascular grade .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that angiogenesis in operable non - small cell lung cancer is a major prognostic factor for survival and , among the parameters tested , is the only factor related to cancer cell migration to lymph nodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 77]}, {"entity": "cancer cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "lymph nodes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [211, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The integration of vascular grading in clinical trials on adjuvant chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy could substantially contribute in defining groups of operable patients who might benefit from cytotoxic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E inhibits experimental carcinogenesis and tumour angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an experiment in which vitamin E inhibited carcinogenesis , it was found that tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth - factor alpha ( TGF alpha ) expression were also inhibited .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty male golden hamsters were divided into four equal groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 1 animals had the left buccal pouches painted three times weekly with 7 , 12 - dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene ( DMBA ) for 14 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "left buccal pouches", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 2 animals had the same procedure of DMBA applications but also received alpha tocopherol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups 3 and 4 were vitamin E and untreated controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis was studied with factor 8 - related antigen ( F8 - RA ) which identifies endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TGF alpha was studied with the appropriate antibody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staining was effected by the standard avidin - biotin horseradish peroxidase system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean tumour volume was significantly lower in the DMBA - vitamin E group compared to the tumour control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis was significantly inhibited in the DMBA - vitamin E group and TGF alpha expression was also inhibited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that inhibition of tumour angiogenesis by vitamin E may be an additional mechanism for the anticancer action of vitamin E .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "anticancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin induces apoptosis in immortalized NIH 3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH 3T3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "malignant cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin , which is a widely used dietary pigment and spice , has been demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "skin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report that curcumin induces cell shrinkage , chromatin condensation , and DNA fragmentation , characteristics of apoptosis , in immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast NIH 3T3 erb B2 oncogene - transformed NIH 3T3 , mouse sarcoma S180 , human colon cancer cell HT - 29 , human kidney cancer cell 293 , and human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells , but not in primary culture of mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H 10T1 / 2 , rat embryonic fibroblast , and human foreskin fibroblast cells in a concentration - and time - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "embryo fibroblast NIH 3T3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 176]}, {"entity": "NIH 3T3", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [207, 214]}, {"entity": "sarcoma S180", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [223, 235]}, {"entity": "colon cancer cell HT - 29", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [244, 269]}, {"entity": "kidney cancer cell 293", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [278, 300]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [313, 350]}, {"entity": "culture", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [372, 379]}, {"entity": "embryonic fibroblast C3H 10T1 / 2", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [389, 422]}, {"entity": "embryonic fibroblast", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [429, 449]}, {"entity": "foreskin fibroblast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [462, 487]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many cellular and biochemical effects of curcumin in mouse fibroblast cells have been reported , such as inhibition of protein kinase C ( PKC ) activity induced by phorbol 12 - myristate 13 - acetate treatment , inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase activity , and inhibition of arachidonic acid ( AA ) metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "fibroblast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of NIH 3T3 cells with the PKC inhibitor staurosporine , the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A , and the AA metabolism inhibitor quinacrine induces apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH 3T3 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that , in some immortalized and transformed cells , blocking the cellular signal transduction might trigger the induction of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do we know how much people like one another ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metaperception is a person ' s perception about a second person ' s perception of a third person .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this article is to examine the accuracy of metaperceptions of liking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A related question concerns whether the heuristics of balance , reciprocity , and agreement are used by perceivers when forming such judgments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors present analyses from 5 diverse research studies that used an adaptation of the social relations model for triads ( C . F . Bond , E . M . Horn , & D . A . Kenny , in press ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that people know how much people like one another , even with small amounts of information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there is evidence for the use of heuristics , particularly reciprocity and agreement , accuracy is sometimes enhanced by using these heuristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic heterogeneity evidenced by low incidence of KAL - 1 gene mutations in sporadic cases of gonadotropin - releasing hormone deficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated GnRH deficiency is a heritable condition characterized by a functional deficit in GnRH secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Familial cases with different modes of inheritance have been described , and the gene responsible for the X - linked form ( KAL - 1 ) has been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , sporadic cases with no documented family history of GnRH deficiency account for the majority of the affected patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , we sought to determine the frequency with which KAL - 1 gene mutations occur in patients with sporadic GnRH deficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 1 of 21 patients with sporadic GnRH deficiency was found to bear a defect in the KAL - 1 gene ( a deletion of 14 bases starting at codon 464 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three types of polymorphic single base substitutions with no apparent correlation with GnRH deficiency were also detected in several patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each of 3 different patients with an X - linked mode of inheritance , 3 genetic defects , 2 point mutations and a small intragenic deletion , were detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These defects consist of a single base mutation introducing a stop codon at position 328 , a single base mutation resulting in a phenylalanine to leucine substitution at position 517 , and a 9 - base deletion at the 3 ' - exon - intron splice site of exon 8 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All identified genetic defects occur within the fibronectin type III repeats of the predicted protein encoded by the KAL - 1 gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our study indicates that the incidence of genetic defects within the coding region of the KAL - 1 gene in patients with sporadic GnRH deficiency is low ( 5 - 8 % ) , thus supporting the idea that the X - linked form of inheritance represents the least common form of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of early diagnosis and treatment in cystic fibrosis : a seven - year study of 16 sibling pairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data on 16 sibling pairs with cystic fibrosis were analyzed to test the hypothesis that early treatment of this condition improves prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Younger siblings ' conditions were diagnosed before 1 year of age , usually before the onset of pulmonary disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Older siblings ' conditions were diagnosed after 1 year of age and after the onset of pulmonary disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the sibling pairs received similar treatment , comparison at 7 years of age showed that the younger siblings had significantly better chest roentgenogram scores , total clinical scores , residual lung volumes , and ratios of residual volume to total lung volume .", "entity": [{"entity": "chest", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [259, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Younger siblings also required fewer hospital admissions to control their lung disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that , in general , early initiation of therapy is beneficial for patients with cystic fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fas - signaling and effects on receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction in human breast epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fas - mediated cell death was examined in MCF - 10AT preneoplastic human breast epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "MCF - 10AT preneoplastic human breast epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with anti - Fas for 48 h induced apoptosis with cells exhibiting typical apoptotic features including loss of cell contact , condensation of chromatin , and increased staining of the nuclear membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "nuclear membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [193, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA fragmentation occurred in response to anti - Fas treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - Fas treatment resulted in decreased p53 protein levels , while bcl - 2 and bax protein levels remained unaffected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells treated with anti - Fas also exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the c - met growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Fas associated with c - erbB2 and c - met in untreated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with anti - Fas , however , significantly decreased Fas - c - erbB2 and Fas - c - met association .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - Fas treatment of these cells caused a significant decrease in p120 - GAP levels , ERK - 1 levels , and phosphorylation , as well as Grb2 - Sosl and MEK - 1 - ERK - 1 association .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that Fas - signaling exerted a suppressive effect on p53 levels and on downstream effectors of receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction , thereby ensuring cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of hepatic tumor metastases in rats with herpes viral vaccines and gamma - interferon .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies showed that gammaIFN decreases metastatic hepatic tumor growth by stimulating Kupffer cells ( KC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic hepatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [48, 72]}, {"entity": "Kupffer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "KC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM - CSF or IL - 2 decreases hepatic tumor growth , and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "hepatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [191, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM - CSF , IL - 2 or LacZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 18 , half of each group was treated with 5 x 10 ( 4 ) U gammaIFN , or saline intraperitoneally for 3 d .", "entity": [{"entity": "intraperitoneally", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 21 , all rats received 5 x 10 ( 5 ) hepatoma cells intrasplenically .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "intrasplenically", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 41 , rats were killed and tumor nodules were counted .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor nodules", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separate rats underwent splenocyte and KC harvest for assessment of lymphocyte - and macrophage - mediated tumor cell kill in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "KC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "macrophage", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "tumor cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM - CSF or IL - 2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly ( GM - CSF 13 + / - 4 , IL - 2 14 + / - 6 vs . control 75 + / - 24 , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor nodules", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination therapy was more effective , and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN - GM - CSF and 8 of 11 IFN - IL - 2 animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional rats underwent partial hepatectomy , an immunosuppressive procedure known to accelerate the growth of hepatic tumor , following tumor challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapy was equally effective in this immunosuppressive setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vaccination is associated with enhancement of splenocyte - mediated tumoricidal activity , whereas the effect of gammaIFN is mediated by KC .", "entity": [{"entity": "splenocyte", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "KC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [137, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM - CSF and IL - 2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination therapy targets both lymphocytes and macrophages , and is more effective in reducing tumor than either therapy alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of oxidative stress on in vivo brain GSH turnover in young and mature mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione ( GSH ) synthetase activities and GSH turnover rates were examined during severe oxidative stress in the mouse brain as induced by t - butylhydroperoxide ( t - BuOOH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain GSH synthetase activities in 8 - mo - old mice in the cortex , striatum , thalamus , hippocampus , midbrain , and cerebellum were found to increase following t - BuOOH treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "cortex", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "striatum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "thalamus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "hippocampus", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "midbrain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "cerebellum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of GSH synthesis on brain GSH turnover rates for 2 - and 8 - mo - old mice were determined after intracerebroventricular ( icv ) injection of [ 35S ] cysteine .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rate constants for GSH turnover were determined by least - squares iterative minimization from the specific activity data from 20 min to 108 h after [ 35S ] cysteine administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSH and glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ) specific activities were determined after separation by high - pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The half - life of GSH in the 2 - mo - old mouse was 59 . 5 h and in the 8 - mo - old mouse was 79 . 1 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in the brain differ with age .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Young mice can increase the cellular availability of GSH , whereas mature mice can increase GSH synthetase activity during oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These differences make mature mice more susceptible to brain oxidative damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - like growth factor I induces tumor hexokinase RNA expression in cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased glycolysis is a characteristic of cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though less efficient in energy production , it ensures continuous supply of energy and phosphometabolites for biosynthesis enabling metastatic and less vascularized cancer cells to proliferate even under hypoxic conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "metastatic", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "vascularized cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [153, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since hexokinase is the first rate limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway , elevated levels of Type II like hexokinase in tumors are of great significance in this context .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under normal conditions insulin regulates expression of hexokinase Type II isoenzyme , which is predominantly expressed in muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [123, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand cancer cells overexpress insulin - like growth factors and their receptors which mimic many activities of insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This prompted us to examine a hypothesis that insulin - like growth factors may be responsible for overexpression of tumor hexokinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experiments demonstrate that insulin - like growth factor I indeed induces hexokinase gene expression in a concentration and time dependent manner in two cancer cell lines we studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer cell lines", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of tumor growth by the 3 ' untranslated region of mel - 18 in 3Y1 cells transformed by the E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "3Y1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By introducing a cDNA library derived from rat embryonic fibroblast cells , we isolated several morphologically flat revertants of rat 3Y1 cells transformed by the E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 18 ( HPV18 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic fibroblast cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [47, 73]}, {"entity": "revertants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "3Y1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From one of the revertants , we recovered a 0 . 2 - kb cDNA , N56 , that suppresses the tumor growth of the transformed 3Y1 cells irrespective of the expression of the E6 and E7 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "revertants", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "transformed 3Y1 cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [108, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was shown to be identical to that of the 3 ' untranslated region of a putative mammalian polycomb group gene , mel - 18 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calretinin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A selective marker of normal and neoplastic mesothelial cells in serous effusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplastic mesothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "serous effusions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To document that a polyclonal antiserum to calretinin , a 29 - kd calcium - binding protein , consistently decorates normal and tumor mesothelial cells in cytologic preparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "antiserum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "tumor mesothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 163]}, {"entity": "cytologic preparations", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [167, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY DESIGN : Thirty - three archival cytologic specimens from eight patients with histologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma and 13 from patients with metastatic serous effusions were destained and then immunostained with anticalretinin antiserum .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytologic specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "malignant mesothelioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "metastatic serous effusions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [158, 185]}, {"entity": "antiserum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [244, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For investigation of cell suspensions , four pleural fluids were incubated with anticalretinin antiserum .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell suspensions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "pleural fluids", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "antiserum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After cytocentrifugation the specimens were stained in accordance with the alkaline phosphatase anti - alkaline phosphatase ( APAAP ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "specimens", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For electron microscopic examination the cell suspensions were then incubated with gold - labeled antirabbit antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell suspensions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The diagnostic sensitivity of this new immunocytochemical approach reached 100 % for the eight malignant mesotheliomas investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant mesotheliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [105, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 3 of the 13 adenocarcinomas metastatic to the serous membranes included in this study were weakly reactive , accounting for 81 % specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenocarcinomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "serous membranes", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of anticalretinin antiserum to living mesothelial cells was consistently documented in all four cases investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "antiserum", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "mesothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Calretinin is a very useful marker for positive identification of normal and tumor mesothelial cells in serous effusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor mesothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 113]}, {"entity": "serous effusions", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prognostic value of HLA - DR expression and dendritic cell infiltration in gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "dendritic cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We attempted to correlate the expression of human leukocyte antigen DR ( HLA - DR ) and tumor infiltration by S - 100 - protein - positive dendritic cells with clinicopathologic features in 165 patients with gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "S - 100 - protein - positive dendritic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 154]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [208, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of HLA - DR was correlated with the histologic type .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infiltration of dendritic cells correlated negatively with distant lymph node metastases , clinical stage , and peritoneal invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "dendritic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "lymph node metastases", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [67, 88]}, {"entity": "peritoneal", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no correlation between the expression of HLA - DR and infiltration by dendritic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "dendritic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with resectable gastric cancer , the grade of infiltrating dendritic cells may be a suitable predictor of prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "dendritic cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrin alphavbeta3 requirement for sustained mitogen - activated protein kinase activity during angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis depends on growth factors and vascular cell adhesion events .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrins and growth factors are capable of activating the ras / MAP kinase pathway in vitro , yet how these signals influence endothelial cells during angiogenesis is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon initiation of angiogenesis with basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) on the chick chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ) , endothelial cell mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinase ( ERK ) activity was detected as early as 5 min yet was sustained for at least 20 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "chorioallantoic membrane", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 114]}, {"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "endothelial cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [125, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial wave of ERK activity ( 5 - 120 min ) was refractory to integrin antagonists , whereas the sustained activity ( 4 - 20 h ) depended on integrin alphavbeta3 , but not beta1 integrins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of MAP kinase kinase ( MEK ) during this sustained alphavbeta3 - dependent ERK signal blocked the formation of new blood vessels while not influencing preexisting blood vessels on the CAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of MEK also blocked growth factor induced migration but not adhesion of endothelial cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , angiogenesis depends on sustained ERK activity regulated by the ligation state of both a growth factor receptor and integrin alphavbeta3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basic fibroblast growth factor : a missing link between collagen VII , increased collagenase , and squamous cell carcinoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [99, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ( RDEB ) have deficiencies of collagen type VII and have elevated levels of fibroblast collagenase , and a greatly increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [203, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with other genetic blistering disorders do not have elevated collagenase or an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma , despite chronic wounding .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [106, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The connection between collagen type VII deficiency , increased collagenase , and squamous cell carcinoma is not understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Urine from 81 patients with RDEB ( 39 patients ) , junctional epidermolysis bullosa ( JEB ; 12 patients ) , and epidermolysis bullosa simplex ( EBS ; 30 patients ) , as well as unaffected family members of RDEB patients ( 33 patients ) , was tested for the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) using a sensitive radioimmunoassay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urine", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These patients included many who were enrolled in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry and others who were referred by their physicians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Fifty - one percent of patients with RDEB had elevated levels ( greater than 5000 pg / g ) of urinary bFGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , none of the patients with JEB had elevated levels of bFGF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - one percent of clinically unaffected family members had elevated levels of bFGF , and 13 % of patients with EBS had elevated levels of bFGF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of elevated bFGF values among all groups was statistically significant ( p = 0 . 002 ) , and the levels of bFGF in RDEB patients were significantly elevated compared with those of other groups ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : We have found that patients with RDEB have elevated levels of bFGF , which may contribute to increased fibroblast collagenase and the development of squamous cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [163, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest a novel treatment for RDEB , namely , angiogenesis inhibitors , which may antagonize the effects of bFGF in this disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are currently no other means of treatment for this disorder , which has a high morbidity and mortality rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple phosphotyrosine phosphatase mRNAs are expressed in the human lung fibroblast cell line WI - 38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung fibroblast cell line WI - 38", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein tyrosine phosphatases are important components of signal transduction pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors have used reverse transcription / polymerase chain reactions to accomplish a comprehensive examination of the RNA expression for 58 distinct mammalian protein tyrosine and dual specificity phosphatase ( PTPase ) and PTPase - like genes in the normal human diploid fibroblast cell line WI - 38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "diploid fibroblast cell line WI - 38", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [268, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - seven of these PTPase genes express easily measurable RNA , and four simultaneously express the RNA for two or more isoforms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Messages for an additional eight PTPase genes are detectable at low levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 14 known PTPase genes do not express measurable RNA under our conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For purposes of comparison , the authors also assessed the PTPases expressed in the WI - 38 cell line using highly degenerate primers to conserved motifs found in the classical tyrosine - specific PTPases .", "entity": [{"entity": "WI - 38 cell line", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only eight of the 22 classic tyrosine - specific PTPases detected using the specific primers were detected using these degenerate primers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our panel of specific PTPase primers should be very useful for semiquantitatively assessing the repertoire of PTPases expressed by cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epstein - Barr virus - associated nonsmall cell lung carcinoma : undifferentiated \" lymphoepithelioma - like \" carcinoma as a distinct entity with better prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonsmall cell lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 62]}, {"entity": "\" lymphoepithelioma - like \" carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epstein - Barr virus ( EBV ) infection in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) has been demonstrated in some ethnic groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonsmall cell lung carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [42, 70]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathobiology and the role of EBV and oncoprotein expression in these tumors have not been studied extensively .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the authors investigated EBV - encoded RNA - 1 ( EBER1 ) transcripts by in situ hybridization and the expression of latent membrane protein - 1 ( LMP - 1 ) and bcl - 2 protein by immunohistochemistry in NSCLC patients from Taiwan , where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [254, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 127 cases of NSCLC ( 43 cases of squamous cell carcinoma [ SCC ] , 67 cases of adenocarcinoma [ AD ] , 12 cases of large cell carcinoma [ LCC ] , and 5 cases of lymphoepithelioma - like carcinoma [ LE ] ) were included .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [44, 67]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "adenocarcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "AD", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "large cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 146]}, {"entity": "LCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "lymphoepithelioma - like carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [172, 206]}, {"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [209, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sensitive polymerase chain reaction - derived , digoxigenin - labeled DNA probe for in situ detection of EBER1 transcripts was performed for the detection of EBV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry using the avidin - biotin - immunoperoxidase method was also performed to evaluate the expression of bcl - 2 and LMP - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EBER1 was detected in 11 of the 127 NSCLC cases ( 8 . 7 % ; 6 SCC cases and 5 LE cases ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All 5 LE cases were EBV - positive , whereas only 6 of the 43 SCC cases ( 14 % ) , 0 of 67 AD cases , and 12 LCC cases were EBV - positive ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "AD", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "LCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All five LE cases showed diffuse , strong , positive staining of tumor cells ; five of the six SCC cases showed diffuse but weak staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the nontumor epithelial cells , there was no EBER1 staining of any of the 11 EBER1 - positive cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "nontumor epithelial cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean age of the LE patients was 10 years younger than that of the patients with other histological types .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All 5 LE patients were nonsmokers , whereas 3 of the 6 patients with EBER1 - positive SCC ( 50 % ) were smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "SCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EBER1 expression did not correlate with the 2 - year survival rate of overall cases , but all 5 LE patients were alive without clinical evidence of disease at last follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gender , lymph node or distant metastasis , and clinical stage were not found to have any correlation with EBER1 expression ( P > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymph node", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All LE cases had bcl - 2 oncoprotein expression ( 100 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This frequency was significantly different from other histologic types ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LMP - 1 detection rate was low and demonstrated no correlation with bcl - 2 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the authors found that the primary LE of the lung is associated with young age , a history of not smoking , high bcl - 2 immunoreactivity , and better survival rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These characteristics demonstrate that EBV - associated LE of the lung is a unique entity .", "entity": [{"entity": "LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings of the current study suggest that EBV infection may play a different role in the tumorigenesis of primary LE of the lung than it does in other EBER1 - positive NSCLCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary LE", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "lung", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "EBER1 - positive NSCLCs", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [156, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisocial patients : a comparison of those with and those without childhood conduct disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to compare persons with antisocial personality disorder ( ASP ) with those who meet the adult criteria for ASP but fail to meet the criteria for childhood conduct disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sociodemographic data , medical history , and psychiatric symptoms exhibited during a recent hospital admission were compared in the two groups by chart review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two groups were virtually indistinguishable , except that patients without childhood conduct disorder were less likely to smoke or consume alcohol , were less likely to have spent time in a training school / boot camp as a child or adolescent , were less likely to have been admitted for a recent suicide attempt , and were less likely to have conned others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that persons meeting the adult criteria for ASP but not the childhood conduct disorder criteria essentially suffer the same disorder as those who meet full ASP criteria but are less severely affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myoadipose flap : a new composite .", "entity": [{"entity": "myoadipose flap", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A prefabricated composite fat flap consisting of muscle woven into an anatomically distinct fat pad was studied in a rabbit model .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite fat flap", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "muscle", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "fat pad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 17 rabbits , a 2 - cm strip of latissimus dorsi was woven into the parascapular fat pad on one side , with the contralateral fat pad serving as a control .", "entity": [{"entity": "strip", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "latissimus dorsi", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "parascapular fat pad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [70, 90]}, {"entity": "contralateral fat pad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [114, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 3 weeks , the endogenous blood supply of both the control and the experimental fat pads was isolated and ligated , and the composite fat / muscle flap was transferred to the chest wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "fat pads", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "composite fat / muscle flap", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 153]}, {"entity": "chest wall", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [177, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 6 weeks , animals were killed , and flaps were analyzed for length , width , and weight ; perfused with fluorescein or lead oxide ; and examined histologically .", "entity": [{"entity": "flaps", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences were found between the control and experimental fat pads with regard to weight and length .", "entity": [{"entity": "fat pads", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental flaps were found to be perfused fully with fluorescein and lead oxide ; control fat pads were found not to be perfused .", "entity": [{"entity": "flaps", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "fat pads", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lead oxide group revealed extensive growth of blood vessels from the latissimus graft into the experimental fat pad .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "latissimus graft", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "fat pad", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No vessels were visualized in the controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "vessels", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , sections of the control and experimental flaps were analyzed histologically .", "entity": [{"entity": "sections", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "flaps", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A preponderance of viable fat , with evidence of neovascularization , was found in experimental flaps , compared with the necrotic fat that characterized the controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "fat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "flaps", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "fat", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that prefabrication of a fat flap is possible and may have extensive application in various areas of plastic surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "fat flap", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brainstem auditory - evoked potential evaluation in children with meningitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brainstem", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brainstem auditory - evoked potential ( BAEP ) was performed on 101 children with meningitis to assess the incidence of hearing impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brainstem", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - two ( 51 . 5 % ) children had bacterial meningitis , six ( 5 . 9 % ) had viral meningitis , and 43 ( 42 . 6 % ) had aseptic meningitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - one ( 50 . 5 % ) patients were assessed before discharge and 50 ( 49 . 5 % ) 9 days to 17 months later ( mean = 4 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BAEP impairment was found in 28 ( 27 . 7 % ) of 101 patients ; 24 had sensorineural and four had conductive type of hearing loss , and 17 ( 60 . 7 % ) had unilateral and 11 ( 39 . 3 % ) had bilateral impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hearing threshold was elevated in 22 ( 21 . 8 % ) patients , and the other six had increased latency and interpeak latencies with normal threshold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency of BAEP impairment or hearing loss associated with bacterial meningitis was 34 . 6 % and 30 . 8 % , respectively ; frequency associated with aseptic meningitis was 20 . 9 % and 13 . 9 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One child with viral meningitis ( coxsackie virus ) had mild BAEP impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the BAEP impairment in the bacterial meningitis group was associated with H . influenzae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospective BAEP study was performed in 20 patients randomly at 0 . 3 to 18 months to assess hearing status after antibiotic treatment , 10 with normal and 10 with abnormal BAEP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the initially normal BAEP patients remained normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 10 patients with abnormal BAEP results initially , four returned to normal , two improved , three remained unchanged , and one deteriorated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of hearing loss after bacterial and aseptic meningitis is high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BAEP is useful to screen for possible hearing loss in children with meningitis , and follow - up BAEP is necessary for those patients with initially abnormal BAEP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ The assessment of flow velocity in carotid and intracranial arteries in three different age groups ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "carotid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "intracranial arteries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we assess the systolic maximal flow velocity in carotid and intracranial arteries in 191 subjects with no history of cerebral vascular disease in 3 age groups : 20 - 40 years ( 1 group ) , 41 - 60 years ( 2 group ) , and above 60 years ( 3 group ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carotid", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "intracranial arteries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [75, 96]}, {"entity": "cerebral vascular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subjects were assessed using Sonomed Transcranial Doppler Spectrograph according to generally accepted principles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the study was to establish the mean value of maximal flow velocity in each particular artery in three age groups , and to observe the changes in this parameter with age .", "entity": [{"entity": "artery", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were analyzed using statistical methods and a significant decrease in blood flow , Vmax , was found in all investigated arteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "arteries", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mean decrease of 8 . 02 % in flow velocity Vmax was found , when comparing groups 2 and 1 , and difference 15 . 99 % comparing 3 and 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Requirement of estrogen receptor expression and function for [ 12Val ] K - Ras - mediated NIH3T3 cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH3T3 cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the biological significance of estrogen receptors ( ERs ) in NIH3T3 cell transformation by the [ 12Val ] K - Ras mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH3T3 cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutant enhanced the steady - level and transcriptional activity of ER .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of the progesterone receptor with mutant K - Ras led to suppression of tumorigenicity and inhibition of the activation of ER .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antisense oligomers complementary to the ER suppressed proliferation and transformed phenotypes of K12V cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "K12V cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations support the importance of ER in Ras - mediated cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene therapy for gliomas : p53 and E2F - 1 proteins and the target of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current therapy for glioma is suboptimal .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transfer of apoptosis genes to tumors constitutes one of the most promising strategies for cancer gene therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that massive apoptosis occurs when wild - type p53 or E2F - 1 expression is induced in glioma .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism of action and the efficiency in inducing apoptosis of these two proteins are not similar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenovirus - mediated p53 gene transfer is ineffective in causing apoptosis in glioma cells that retain wild - type p53 genotype or overexpress the p21 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p16 / Rb / E2F pathway is the most frequent target of genetic alterations in gliomas , and therefore constitutes a suitable target for gene therapy strategies .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the transfer of either the p16 or Rb gene to glioma cells results in cytostatic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The E2F - 1 protein is able to induce generalized apoptosis in gliomas independently of the p53 , p16 or Rb status .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliomas", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , p21 - or p16 - mediated growth arrest did not protect glioma cells from E2F - 1 - mediated apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apoptotic molecule bax is induced in p53 - mediated apoptosis , but bax is not induced in E2F - 1 - mediated apoptosis in glioma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful selection of patients may be necessary before designing therapeutic strategies using either p53 or E2F - 1 as a therapeutic tools for glioma patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective function of von Hippel - Lindau protein against impaired protein processing in renal carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal carcinoma cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [90, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of functional von Hippel - Lindau ( VHL ) tumor suppressor gene leads to the development of neoplasias characteristic of VHL disease , including renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [157, 177]}, {"entity": "RCC", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we compared the sensitivity of RCC cells lacking VHL gene function with that of RCC cells expressing the wild - type VHL gene ( wtVHL ) after exposure to various stresses .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCC cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "RCC cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the response to most treatments was not affected by the VHL gene status , glucose deprivation was found to be much more cytotoxic for RCC cells lacking VHL gene function than for wtVHL - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCC cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heightened sensitivity of VHL - deficient cells was not attributed to dissimilar energy requirements or to differences in glucose uptake , but more likely reflects a lesser ability of VHL - deficient cells to handle abnormally processed proteins arising from impaired glycosylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In support of this hypothesis , other treatments which act through different mechanisms to interfere with protein processing ( i . e . , tunicamycin , brefeldin A , and azetidine ) were also found to be much more toxic for VHL - deficient cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [239, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ubiquitination of cellular proteins was elevated in VHL - deficient cells , particularly after glucose deprivation , supporting a role for the VHL gene in ubiquitin - mediated proteolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the rate of elimination of abnormal proteins was lower in cells lacking a functional VHL gene than in wtVHL - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , pVHL appears to participate in the elimination of misprocessed proteins , such as those arising in the cell due to the unavailability of glucose or to other stresses .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "Anatomy", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
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+["location", "else", "organization", "person"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CoNLL2003/test.json b/IE-en/NER/CoNLL2003/test.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..504409dc2561bab605febd22e0d4732b121e77d5
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+{"text": "SOCCER - JAPAN GET LUCKY WIN , CHINA IN SURPRISE DEFEAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHINA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "JAPAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nadim Ladki", "entity": [{"entity": "Nadim Ladki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AL-AIN , United Arab Emirates 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "United Arab Emirates", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 29]}, {"entity": "AL-AIN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan began the defence of their Asian Cup title with a lucky 2-1 win against Syria in a Group C championship match on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But China saw their luck desert them in the second match of the group , crashing to a surprise 2-0 defeat to newcomers Uzbekistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China controlled most of the match and saw several chances missed until the 78th minute when Uzbek striker Igor Shkvyrin took advantage of a misdirected defensive header to lob the ball over the advancing Chinese keeper and into an empty net .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 212]}, {"entity": "Igor Shkvyrin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Uzbek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oleg Shatskiku made sure of the win in injury time , hitting an unstoppable left foot shot from just outside the area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oleg Shatskiku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former Soviet republic was playing in an Asian Cup finals tie for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite winning the Asian Games title two years ago , Uzbekistan are in the finals as outsiders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Games", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two goals from defensive errors in the last six minutes allowed Japan to come from behind and collect all three points from their opening meeting against Syria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takuya Takagi scored the winner in the 88th minute , rising to head a Hiroshige Yanagimoto cross towards the Syrian goal which goalkeeper Salem Bitar appeared to have covered but then allowed to slip into the net .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hiroshige Yanagimoto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 90]}, {"entity": "Takuya Takagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Salem Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the second costly blunder by Syria in four minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defender Hassan Abbas rose to intercept a long ball into the area in the 84th minute but only managed to divert it into the top corner of Bitar 's goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "Hassan Abbas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nader Jokhadar had given Syria the lead with a well-struck header in the seventh minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nader Jokhadar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan then laid siege to the Syrian penalty area for most of the game but rarely breached the Syrian defence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bitar pulled off fine saves whenever they did .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan coach Shu Kamo said : ' ' The Syrian own goal proved lucky for us .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shu Kamo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Syrians scored early and then played defensively and adopted long balls which made it hard for us . '", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "'", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan , co-hosts of the World Cup in 2002 and ranked 20th in the world by FIFA , are favourites to regain their title here .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hosts UAE play Kuwait and South Korea take on Indonesia on Saturday in Group A matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All four teams are level with one point each from one game .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUGBY UNION - CUTTITTA BACK FOR ITALY AFTER A YEAR .", "entity": [{"entity": "CUTTITTA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "RUGBY UNION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ITALY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROME 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "ROME", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy recalled Marcello Cuttitta", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcello Cuttitta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on Friday for their friendly against Scotland at Murrayfield more than a year after the 30-year-old wing announced he was retiring following differences over selection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Murrayfield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuttitta , who trainer George Coste said was certain to play on Saturday week , was named in a 21-man squad lacking only two of the team beaten 54-21 by England at Twickenham last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuttitta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "George Coste", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Twickenham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stefano Bordon is out through illness and Coste said he had dropped back row Corrado Covi , who had been recalled for the England game after five years out of the national team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corrado Covi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Stefano Bordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Coste", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuttitta announced his retirement after the 1995 World Cup , where he took issue with being dropped from the Italy side that faced England in the pool stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Cuttitta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "1995 World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coste said he had approached the player two months ago about a comeback .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coste", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" He ended the World Cup on the wrong note , \" Coste said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coste", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I thought it would be useful to have him back and he said he would be available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think now is the right time for him to return . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Squad : Javier Pertile , Paolo Vaccari , Marcello Cuttitta , Ivan Francescato , Leandro Manteri , Diego Dominguez , Francesco Mazzariol , Alessandro Troncon , Orazio Arancio , Andrea Sgorlon , Massimo Giovanelli , Carlo Checchinato , Walter Cristofoletto , Franco Properzi Curti , Carlo Orlandi , Massimo Cuttitta , Giambatista Croci , Gianluca Guidi , Nicola Mazzucato , Alessandro Moscardi , Andrea Castellani .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franco Properzi Curti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [257, 278]}, {"entity": "Alessandro Troncon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 156]}, {"entity": "Massimo Giovanelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [193, 211]}, {"entity": "Walter Cristofoletto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 254]}, {"entity": "Leandro Manteri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Andrea Sgorlon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "Gianluca Guidi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [336, 350]}, {"entity": "Francesco Mazzariol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 135]}, {"entity": "Carlo Orlandi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [281, 294]}, {"entity": "Alessandro Moscardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [372, 391]}, {"entity": "Paolo Vaccari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Ivan Francescato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "Giambatista Croci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [316, 333]}, {"entity": "Carlo Checchinato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [214, 231]}, {"entity": "Nicola Mazzucato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [353, 369]}, {"entity": "Javier Pertile", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Orazio Arancio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "Andrea Castellani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [394, 411]}, {"entity": "Diego Dominguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "Massimo Cuttitta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [297, 313]}, {"entity": "Marcello Cuttitta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - LATE GOALS GIVE JAPAN WIN OVER SYRIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAPAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "SYRIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two goals in the last six minutes gave holders Japan an uninspiring 2-1 Asian Cup victory over Syria on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takuya Takagi headed the winner in the 88th minute of the group C game after goalkeeper Salem Bitar spoiled a mistake-free display by allowing the ball to slip under his body .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takuya Takagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Salem Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the second Syrian defensive blunder in four minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syria had taken the lead from their first serious attack in the seventh minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nader Jokhadar headed a cross from the right by Ammar Awad into the top right corner of Kenichi Shimokawa 's goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenichi Shimokawa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "Nader Jokhadar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Ammar Awad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan then laid siege to the Syrian penalty area and had a goal disallowed for offside in the 16th minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minute later , Bitar produced a good double save , first from Kazuyoshi Miura 's header and then blocked a Takagi follow-up shot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Kazuyoshi Miura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bitar saved well again from Miura in the 37th minute , parrying away his header from a corner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Miura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan started the second half brightly but Bitar denied them an equaliser when he dived to his right to save Naoki Soma 's low drive in the 53rd minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naoki Soma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan : 19 - Kenichi Shimokawa , 2 - Hiroshige Yanagimoto , 3 - Naoki Soma , 4 - Masami Ihara , 5 - Norio Omura , 6 - Motohiro Yamaguchi , 8 - Masakiyo Maezono ( 7 - Yasuto Honda 71 ) , 9 - Takuya Takagi , 10 - Hiroshi Nanami , 11 - Kazuyoshi Miura , 15 - Hiroaki Morishima ( 14 - Masayuki Okano 75 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Masami Ihara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Yasuto Honda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "Takuya Takagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 203]}, {"entity": "Hiroaki Morishima", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 273]}, {"entity": "Masakiyo Maezono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Kenichi Shimokawa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "Norio Omura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Naoki Soma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Masayuki Okano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [281, 295]}, {"entity": "Kazuyoshi Miura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 248]}, {"entity": "Hiroshi Nanami", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 225]}, {"entity": "Hiroshige Yanagimoto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "Motohiro Yamaguchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syria : 24 - Salem Bitar , 3 - Bachar Srour ; 4 - Hassan Abbas , 5 - Tarek Jabban , 6 - Ammar Awad ( 9 - Louay Taleb 69 ) , 8 - Nihad al-Boushi , 10 - Mohammed Afash , 12 - Ali Dib , 13 - Abdul Latif Helou ( 17 - Ammar Rihawiy 46 ) , 14 - Khaled Zaher ; 16 - Nader Jokhadar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tarek Jabban", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Nihad al-Boushi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "Ali Dib", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "Abdul Latif Helou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [188, 205]}, {"entity": "Khaled Zaher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [239, 251]}, {"entity": "Salem Bitar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Ammar Awad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Ammar Rihawiy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [213, 226]}, {"entity": "Hassan Abbas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Mohammed Afash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 165]}, {"entity": "Nader Jokhadar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [259, 273]}, {"entity": "Bachar Srour", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Louay Taleb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FREESTYLE SKIING-WORLD CUP MOGUL RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKIING-WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIGNES , France 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "TIGNES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the World Cup", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "freestyle skiing moguls competition on Friday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Jesper Ronnback ( Sweden ) 25.76 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Jesper Ronnback", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Andrei Ivanov ( Russia ) 24.88", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Andrei Ivanov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Ryan Johnson ( Canada ) 24.57", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Ryan Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Jean-Luc Brassard ( Canada ) 24.40", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Jean-Luc Brassard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Korneilus Hole ( Norway ) 23.92", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Korneilus Hole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Jeremie Collomb-Patton ( France ) 23.87", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Jeremie Collomb-Patton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Jim Moran ( U.S. ) 23.25", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Jim Moran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Dominick Gauthier ( Canada ) 22.73", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Dominick Gauthier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Johann Gregoire ( France ) 22.58", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Johann Gregoire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Troy Benson ( U.S. ) 22.56", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Troy Benson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Tatjana Mittermayer ( Germany ) 24.32", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Tatjana Mittermayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Candice Gilg ( France ) 24.31", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Candice Gilg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Minna Karhu ( Finland ) 24.05", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Minna Karhu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Tae Satoya ( Japan ) 23.75", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Tae Satoya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Ann Battellle ( U.S. ) 23.56", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Ann Battellle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Donna Weinbrecht ( U.S. ) 22.48", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Donna Weinbrecht", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Liz McIntyre ( U.S. ) 22.00", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Liz McIntyre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Elena Koroleva ( Russia ) 21.77", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Elena Koroleva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Ljudmila Dymchenko ( Russia ) 21.59", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Ljudmila Dymchenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Katleen Allais ( France ) 21.58", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Katleen Allais", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ASIAN CUP GROUP C RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASIAN CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Asian Cup group C matches played on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan 2 Syria 1 ( halftime 0-1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scorers :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan - Hassan Abbas 84 own goal , Takuya Takagi 88 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hassan Abbas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Takuya Takagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syria - Nader Jokhadar 7", "entity": [{"entity": "Nader Jokhadar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance : 10,000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 0 Uzbekistan 2 ( halftime 0-0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scorers : Shkvyrin Igor 78 , Shatskikh Oleg 90", "entity": [{"entity": "Shkvyrin Igor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Shatskikh Oleg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendence : 3,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings ( tabulate under played , won , drawn , lost , goals", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "for , goals against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uzbekistan 1 1 0 0 2 0 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan 1 1 0 0 2 1 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syria 1 0 0 1 1 2 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 1 0 0 1 0 2 0", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - PAKISTAN V NEW ZEALAND ONE-DAY SCOREBOARD .", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW ZEALAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "PAKISTAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ CORRECTED 14:06 GMT ]", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SIALKOT , Pakistan 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SIALKOT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scoreboard in the second", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "one-day cricket international between Pakistan and New Zealand", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on Friday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saeed Anwar run out 91 ( corrects from 90 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Saeed Anwar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zahoor Elahi b Cairns 86 ( corrects from 87 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Zahoor Elahi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Cairns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ijaz Ahmad c Spearman b Vaughan 59", "entity": [{"entity": "Ijaz Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Spearman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Vaughan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inzamamul Haq st Germon b Astle 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Inzamamul Haq", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Germon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Astle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wasim Akram b Harris 4", "entity": [{"entity": "Wasim Akram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shahid Afridi b Harris 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Shahid Afridi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moin Khan c Astle b Harris 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Moin Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Astle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Waqar Younis st Germon b Harris 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Waqar Younis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Germon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saqlain Mushtaq b Harris 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Saqlain Mushtaq", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mushtaq Ahmad not out 5", "entity": [{"entity": "Mushtaq Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salim Malik not out 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Salim Malik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extras ( lb-8 nb-2 w-14 ) 24", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total ( for 9 wickets in 47 overs ) 277", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fall of wicket : 1-177 ( corrects from 1-178 ) 2-225 3-240 4-247 5-252 6-260 7-261 8-269 9-276", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowling : Doull 8-1-60-0 ( w-3 ) , Kennedy 3-0-24-0 ( w-7 nb-1 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Doull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cairns 8-1-35-1 ( w-2 ) , Vaughan 9-1-55-1 , Harris 10-0-42-5 ( w-1 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Cairns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Vaughan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astle 9-0-53-1 ( w-1 nb-1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Astle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Zealand innings", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B. Young c Moin Khan b Waqar 5", "entity": [{"entity": "Moin Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "B. Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Waqar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Spearman c Moin Khan b Wasim 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Moin Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "C. Spearman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Wasim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A. Parore c Ijaz Ahmad b Saqlain 37", "entity": [{"entity": "Ijaz Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "A. Parore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Saqlain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. Fleming c and b Afridi 88", "entity": [{"entity": "S. Fleming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Afridi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Cairns b Saqlain 10", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Cairns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Saqlain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N. Astle c Ijaz Ahmad b Salim Malik 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Ijaz Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "N. Astle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Salim Malik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Harris lbw b Wasim 22", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Wasim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L. Germon lbw b Afridi 2", "entity": [{"entity": "L. Germon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Afridi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J. Vaughan c Moin Khan b Wasim 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Moin Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "J. Vaughan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Wasim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. Doull c subs ( M. Wasim ) b Waqar 1", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Wasim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "S. Doull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Waqar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R. Kennedy not out 7", "entity": [{"entity": "R. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extras ( b-9 lb-3 w-12 nb-2 ) 26", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total ( all out in 42.1 overs ) 231", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fall of wickets : 1-3 2-7 3-125 4-146 5-170 6-190 7-195", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8-213 9-216 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowling : Wasim Akram 8.1-0-43-3 ( 9w , 1nb ) , Waqar Younis", "entity": [{"entity": "Wasim Akram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Waqar Younis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6-0-32-2 ( 2w , 1nb ) , Saqlain Mushtaq 8-0-54-2 , Mushtaq Ahmad", "entity": [{"entity": "Saqlain Mushtaq", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Mushtaq Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10-0-42-0 ( 1w ) , Shahid Afridi 7-0-40-2 , Salim Malik 2.5-0-8-1 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Shahid Afridi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Salim Malik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ijaz Ahmad 0.1-0-0-0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ijaz Ahmad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result : Pakistan won by 46 runs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third one-day match : December 8 , in Karachi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karachi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ENGLISH F.A. CUP SECOND ROUND RESULT .", "entity": [{"entity": "ENGLISH F.A. CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LONDON 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "LONDON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of an English F.A. Challenge", "entity": [{"entity": "English F.A. Challenge", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cup second round match on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plymouth 4 Exeter 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Exeter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Plymouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - BLINKER BAN LIFTED .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLINKER", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dutch forward Reggie Blinker had his indefinite suspension lifted by FIFA on Friday and was set to make his Sheffield Wednesday comeback against Liverpool on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reggie Blinker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blinker missed his club 's last two games after FIFA slapped a worldwide ban on him for appearing to sign contracts for both Wednesday and Udinese while he was playing for Feyenoord .", "entity": [{"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Blinker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIFA 's players ' status committee , meeting in Barcelona , decided that although the Udinese document was basically valid , it could not be legally protected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The committee said the Italian club had violated regulations by failing to inform Feyenoord , with whom the player was under contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blinker was fined 75,000 Swiss francs ( $ 57,600 ) for failing to inform the Engllsh club of his previous commitment to Udinese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Engllsh", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Blinker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - LEEDS ' BOWYER FINED FOR PART IN FAST-FOOD FRACAS .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEEDS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "BOWYER", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leeds ' England under-21 striker Lee Bowyer was fined 4,500 pounds ( $ 7,400 ) on Friday for hurling chairs at restaurant staff during a disturbance at a McDonald 's fast-food restaurant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Bowyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "McDonald 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowyer , 19 , who was caught in the act by security cameras , pleaded guilty to a charge of affray at a court in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bowyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was fined and ordered to pay a total of 175 pounds to two members of staff injured in the fracas in an east London restaurant in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leeds had already fined Bowyer 4,000 pounds ( $ 6,600 ) and warned him a repeat of his criminal behaviour could cost him his place in the side .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Bowyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowyer , who moved to the Yorkshire club in August for 3.5 million pounds ( $ 5.8 million ) , was expected to play against Middlesbrough on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "Bowyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Yorkshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BASKETBALL - EUROLEAGUE STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "EUROLEAGUE", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings in the men 's EuroLeague", "entity": [{"entity": "EuroLeague", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "basketball championship after Thursday 's matches ( tabulate under", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "played , won , lost , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSKA Moscow ( Russia 9 6 3 15", "entity": [{"entity": "CSKA Moscow", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stefanel Milan ( Italy ) 9 6 3 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Stefanel Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Tel Aviv ( Israel ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Maccabi Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ulker Spor ( Turkey ) 9 4 5 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Ulker Spor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limoges ( France ) 9 3 6 12", "entity": [{"entity": "Limoges", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panionios ( Greece ) 9 3 6 12", "entity": [{"entity": "Panionios", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group B", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teamsystem Bologna ( Italy ) 9 7 2 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Teamsystem Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olympiakos ( Greece ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympiakos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cibona Zagreb ( Croatia ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Cibona Zagreb", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alba Berlin ( Germany ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Alba Berlin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estudiantes Madrid ( Spain ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Estudiantes Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charleroi ( Belgium ) 9 0 9 9", "entity": [{"entity": "Charleroi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group C", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panathinaikos ( Greece ) 9 7 2 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Panathinaikos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ljubljana ( Slovenia ) 9 6 3 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Ljubljana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Villeurbanne ( France ) 9 6 3 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Villeurbanne", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barcelona ( Spain ) 9 4 5 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Split ( Croatia ) 9 4 5 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Split", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bayer Leverkusen ( Germany ) 9 0 9 9", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayer Leverkusen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group D", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efes Pilsen ( Turkey ) 9 7 2 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Efes Pilsen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pau-Orthez ( France ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Pau-Orthez", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partizan Belgrade ( Yugoslavia ) 9 5 4 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Partizan Belgrade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinder Bologna ( Italy ) 9 4 5 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinder Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sevilla ( Spain ) 9 4 5 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Sevilla", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamo Moscow ( Russia ) 9 2 7 11", "entity": [{"entity": "Dynamo Moscow", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUGBY UNION - LITTLE TO MISS CAMPESE FAREWELL .", "entity": [{"entity": "LITTLE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "RUGBY UNION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "CAMPESE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Kitson", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Kitson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centre Jason Little will miss Australia 's end-of-tour fixture against the Barbarians at Twickenham on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Twickenham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Jason Little", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little has opted not to risk aggravating the knee injury which ruled him out of a large chunk of the tour and is replaced by fellow Queenslander Daniel Herbert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queenslander", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Little", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Daniel Herbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owen Finegan has recovered from the knocks he took in last weekend 's test against Wales and retains his place in the back-row ahead of Daniel Manu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Owen Finegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Daniel Manu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wallabies have their sights set on a 13th successive victory to end their European tour with a 100 percent record but also want to turn on the style and provide David Campese with a fitting send-off in his final match in Australian colours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [225, 235]}, {"entity": "Wallabies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "David Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wallabies currently have no plans to make any special presentation to the 34-year-old winger but a full house of 75,000 spectators will still gather in the hope of witnessing one last moment of magic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wallabies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Campese will be up against a familiar foe in the shape of Barbarians captain Rob Andrew , the man who kicked Australia to defeat with a last-ditch drop-goal in the World Cup quarter-final in Cape Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Rob Andrew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cape Town", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Campo has a massive following in this country and has had the public with him ever since he first played here in 1984 , \" said Andrew , also likely to be making his final Twickenham appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twickenham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [173, 183]}, {"entity": "Campo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "Andrew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On tour , Australia have won all four tests against Italy , Scotland , Ireland and Wales , and scored 414 points at an average of almost 35 points a game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League duties restricted the Barbarians ' selectorial options but they still boast 13 internationals including England full-back Tim Stimpson and recalled wing Tony Underwood , plus All Black forwards Ian Jones and Norm Hewitt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Underwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 174]}, {"entity": "All Black", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "Norm Hewitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 226]}, {"entity": "Tim Stimpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Ian Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teams :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barbarians - 15 - Tim Stimpson ( England ) ; 14 - Nigel Walker ( Wales ) , 13 - Allan Bateman ( Wales ) , 12 - Gregor Townsend ( Scotland ) , 11 - Tony Underwood ( England ) ; 10 - Rob Andrew ( England ) , 9 - Rob Howley ( Wales ) ; 8 - Scott Quinnell ( Wales ) , 7 - Neil Back ( England ) , 6 - Dale McIntosh ( Pontypridd ) , 5 - Ian Jones ( New Zealand ) , 4 - Craig Quinnell ( Wales ) , 3 - Darren Garforth ( Leicester ) , 2 - Norm Hewitt ( New Zealand ) , 1 - Nick Popplewell ( Ireland ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [343, 354]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [280, 287]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Darren Garforth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [394, 409]}, {"entity": "Craig Quinnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [363, 377]}, {"entity": "Ian Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [331, 340]}, {"entity": "Nick Popplewell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [464, 479]}, {"entity": "Norm Hewitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [430, 441]}, {"entity": "Allan Bateman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Tim Stimpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Gregor Townsend", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "Rob Howley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "Dale McIntosh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [296, 309]}, {"entity": "Tony Underwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 161]}, {"entity": "Nigel Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Scott Quinnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [237, 251]}, {"entity": "Rob Andrew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 191]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "Neil Back", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [268, 277]}, {"entity": "Leicester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [412, 421]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [482, 489]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [223, 228]}, {"entity": "Pontypridd", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [312, 322]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [254, 259]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [444, 455]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [380, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia - 15 - Matthew Burke ; 14 - Joe Roff , 13 - Daniel Herbert , 12 - Tim Horan ( captain ) , 11 - David Campese ; 10 - Pat Howard , 9 - Sam Payne ; 8 - Michael Brial , 7 - David Wilson , 6 - Owen Finegan , 5 - David Giffin , 4 - Tim Gavin , 3 - Andrew Blades , 2 - Marco Caputo , 1 - Dan Crowley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Horan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "Andrew Blades", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [252, 265]}, {"entity": "Pat Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "Dan Crowley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [291, 302]}, {"entity": "David Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 191]}, {"entity": "Matthew Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Daniel Herbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Michael Brial", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "Tim Gavin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [236, 245]}, {"entity": "David Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Owen Finegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 210]}, {"entity": "Marco Caputo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [272, 284]}, {"entity": "Sam Payne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "Joe Roff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "David Giffin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GOLF - ZIMBABWE OPEN SECOND ROUND SCORES .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZIMBABWE OPEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HARARE 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "HARARE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading second round scores in the Zimbabwe Open at the par-72 Chapman Golf Club on Friday ( South African unless stated ) : 132 Des Terblanche 65 67 133 Mark McNulty ( Zimbabwe ) 72 61 134 Steve van Vuuren 65 69 136 Nick Price ( Zimbabwe ) 68 68 , Justin Hobday 71 65 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Des Terblanche", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Nick Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 227]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe Open", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Steve van Vuuren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 206]}, {"entity": "Chapman Golf Club", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "Justin Hobday", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 262]}, {"entity": "South African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "Mark McNulty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrew Pitts ( U.S. ) 69 67 138 Mark Cayeux ( Zimbabwe ) 69 69 , Mark Murless 71 67 139 Hennie Swart 75 64 , Andrew Park 72 67 140 Schalk van der Merwe ( Namibia ) 67 73 , Desvonde", "entity": [{"entity": "Desvonde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "Mark Murless", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "Andrew Park", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "Andrew Pitts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Hennie Swart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Schalk van der Merwe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 151]}, {"entity": "Mark Cayeux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Botes 72 68 , Greg Reid 72 68 , Clinton Whitelaw 70", "entity": [{"entity": "Botes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Greg Reid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Clinton Whitelaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "70 , Brett Liddle 75 65 , Hugh Baiocchi 73 67 141 Adilson da Silva ( Brazil ) 72 69 , Sammy Daniels 73", "entity": [{"entity": "Brett Liddle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Adilson da Silva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "Hugh Baiocchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Sammy Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "68 , Trevor Dodds ( Namibia ) 72 69 142 Don Robertson ( U.S. ) 73 69 , Dion Fourie 69 73 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Trevor Dodds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Don Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Dion Fourie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Waltman 72 70 , Ian Dougan 73 69", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Dougan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Steve Waltman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - UNCAPPED PLAYERS CALLED TO FACE MACEDONIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "MACEDONIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUCHAREST 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BUCHAREST", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Romania trainer Anghel Iordanescu called up three uncapped players on Friday in his squad to face Macedonia next week in a World Cup qualifier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anghel Iordanescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Macedonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midfielder Valentin Stefan and striker Viorel Ion of Otelul Galati and defender Liviu Ciobotariu of National Bucharest are the newcomers for the European group eight clash in Macedonia on December 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liviu Ciobotariu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "Viorel Ion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Macedonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 184]}, {"entity": "National Bucharest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 118]}, {"entity": "Otelul Galati", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "Valentin Stefan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iordanescu said he had picked them because of their good performances in the domestic championship in which National Bucharest are top and Otelul Galati third . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "National Bucharest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 126]}, {"entity": "Otelul Galati", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "Iordanescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it 's fair to give them a chance , \" he told reporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League title-holders Steaua Bucharest , who finished bottom of their Champions ' League group in the European Cup , have only two players in the squad .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Steaua Bucharest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "Champions ' League", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attacking midfielder Adrian Ilie , who recently moved from Steaua to Turkish club Galatasaray , is ruled out after two yellow-card offences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrian Ilie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Steaua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Galatasaray", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Squad :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goalkeepers - Bogdan Stelea , Florin Prunea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florin Prunea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Bogdan Stelea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defenders - Dan Petrescu , Daniel Prodan , Anton Dobos , Cornel Papura , Liviu Ciobotariu , Tibor Selymess , Iulian Filipescu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan Petrescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Daniel Prodan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Iulian Filipescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "Liviu Ciobotariu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "Tibor Selymess", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Cornel Papura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Anton Dobos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midfielders - Gheorghe Hagi , Gheorghe Popescu , Constantin Galca , Valentin Stefan , Basarab Panduru , Dorinel Munteanu , Ovidiu Stinga .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gheorghe Hagi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Gheorghe Popescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "Ovidiu Stinga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "Basarab Panduru", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Dorinel Munteanu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "Valentin Stefan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Constantin Galca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forwards - Ioan Vladoiu , Gheorghe Craioveanu , Ionel Danciulescu , Viorel Ion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gheorghe Craioveanu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "Ioan Vladoiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Ionel Danciulescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "Viorel Ion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "REUTER", "entity": [{"entity": "REUTER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - BRAZILIAN CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "BRAZILIAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RIO DE JANEIRO 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "RIO DE JANEIRO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Brazilian", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "soccer championship semifinal , first leg matches on Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goias 1 Gremio 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Gremio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Goias", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portuguesa 1 Atletico Mineiro 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Atletico Mineiro", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "Portuguesa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - LARA ENDURES ANOTHER MISERABLE DAY .", "entity": [{"entity": "LARA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Galvin", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Galvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MELBOURNE 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "MELBOURNE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia gave Brian Lara another reason to be miserable when they beat West Indies by five wickets in the opening World Series limited overs match on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Brian Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara , disciplined for misconduct on Wednesday , was dismissed for five to extend a disappointing run of form on tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia , who hold a 2-0 lead in the five-match test series , overhauled West Indies ' total of 172 all out with eight balls to spare to end a run of six successive one-day defeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All-rounder Greg Blewett steered his side to a comfortable victory with an unbeaten 57 in 90 balls to the delight of the 42,442 crowd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Man-of-the match Blewett came to the wicket with the total on 70 for two and hit three fours during an untroubled innings lasting 129 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His crucial fifth-wicket partnership with fellow all-rounder Stuart Law , who scored 21 , added 71 off 85 balls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stuart Law", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara looked out of touch during his brief stay at the crease before chipping a simple catch to Shane Warne at mid-wicket .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Shane Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies tour manager Clive Lloyd has apologised for Lara 's behaviour on Tuesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Clive Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He ( Lara ) had told Australia coach Geoff Marsh that wicketkeeper Ian Healy was unwelcome in the visitors ' dressing room .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoff Marsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "Ian Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Melbourne crowd were clearly angered by the incident , loudly jeering the West Indies vice-captain as he walked to the middle .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was left to fellow left-hander Shivnarine Chanderpaul to hold the innings together with a gritty 54 despite the handicap of an injured groin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chanderpaul was forced to rely on a runner for most of his innings after hurting himself as he scurried back to his crease to avoid being run out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan , who arrive in Australia later this month , are the other team competing in the World Series tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - AUSTRALIA V WEST INDIES WORLD SERIES SCOREBOARD .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD SERIES", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "WEST INDIES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "AUSTRALIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scoreboard in the World Series", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "limited overs match between Australia and West Indies on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies", "entity": [{"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. Campbell c Healy b Gillespie 31", "entity": [{"entity": "S. Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R. Samuels c M. Waugh b Gillespie 7", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "R. Samuels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B. Lara c Warne b Moody 5", "entity": [{"entity": "B. Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. Chanderpaul c Healy b Blewett 54", "entity": [{"entity": "S. Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Hooper run out 7", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Hooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J. Adams lbw b Moody 5", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J. Murray c Blewett b Warne 24", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N. McLean c and b M. Waugh 7", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "N. McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K. Benjamin b Warne 8", "entity": [{"entity": "K. Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Ambrose run out 2", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Ambrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C. Walsh not out 8", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extras ( lb-10 w-1 nb-3 ) 14", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total ( 49.2 overs ) 172", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fall of wickets : 1-11 2-38 3-64 4-73 5-81 6-120 7-135 8-150", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9-153 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowling : Reiffel 10-2-26-0 ( nb-3 ) , Gillespie 10-0-39-2 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Reiffel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moody 10-1-25-2 , Blewett 6.2-0-27-1 , Warne 10-0-34-2 ( w-1 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M. Waugh 3-0-11-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M. Taylor b McLean 29", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M. Waugh c Murray b Benjamin 27", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R. Ponting lbw McLean 5", "entity": [{"entity": "R. Ponting", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G. Blewett not out 57", "entity": [{"entity": "G. Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M. Bevan st Murray b Hooper 3", "entity": [{"entity": "M. Bevan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Hooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. Law b Hooper 21", "entity": [{"entity": "S. Law", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Hooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T. Moody not out 3", "entity": [{"entity": "T. Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extras ( lb-17 nb-8 w-3 ) 28", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total ( for five wickets , 48.4 overs ) 173", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fall of wickets : 1-59 2-70 3-78 4-90 5-160 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did not bat : I. Healy , P. Reiffel , S. Warne , J. Gillespie .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "P. Reiffel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "I. Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "S. Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bowling : Ambrose 10-3-19-0 ( 2nb 1w ) , Walsh 9-0-34-0 ( 4nb ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Ambrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benjamin 9.4-0-43-1 ( 1nb 1w ) , Hooper 10-0-27-2 ( 1nb ) , McLean", "entity": [{"entity": "McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Hooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10-1-33-2 ( 1w ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result : Australia won by five wickets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - AUSTRALIA BEAT WEST INDIES BY FIVE WICKETS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WEST INDIES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "AUSTRALIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia beat West Indies by five wickets in a World Series limited overs match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 112]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scores : West Indies 172 all out in 49.2 overs ( Shivnarine Chanderpaul 54 ) ; Australia 173-5 in 48.4 overs ( Greg Blewett 57 not out ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - WEST INDIES 172 ALL OUT IN 49.2 OVERS V AUSTRALIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "WEST INDIES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "AUSTRALIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies were all out for 172 off 49.2 overs in the World Series limited overs match against Australia on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - SHEFFIELD SHIELD SCORE .", "entity": [{"entity": "SHEFFIELD SHIELD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOBART , Australia 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "HOBART", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Score on the first day of the four-day Sheffield Shield match between Tasmania and Victoria at Bellerive Oval on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Sheffield Shield", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Bellerive Oval", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tasmania 352 for three ( David Boon 106 not out , Shaun Young 86 not out , Michael DiVenuto 119 ) v Victoria .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Boon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Michael DiVenuto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "Shaun Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - LARA SUFFERS MORE AUSTRALIAN TOUR MISERY .", "entity": [{"entity": "LARA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies batsman Brian Lara suffered another blow to his Australian tour , after already being disciplined for misconduct , when he was dismissed cheaply in the first limited overs match against Australia on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara , who earned a stern rebuke from his own tour management after an angry outburst against Australia wicketkeeper Ian Healy , scored five to prolong a run of poor form with the bat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "Ian Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The West Indies vice-captain struggled for timing during his 36-minute stay at the crease before chipping a ball from medium pacer Tom Moody straight to Shane Warne at mid-wicket .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Shane Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies were 53 for two in 15 overs when rain stopped play at the Melbourne Cricket Ground after captain Courtney Walsh won the toss and elected to bat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Courtney Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara 's outburst three days ago has clearly turned some of the Australian public against him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As he walked to the wicket he was greeted by loud jeers from sections of the crowd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On several occasions during his innings , the crowd joined together in a series of obscene chants against him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tour manager Clive Lloyd on Wednesday apologised for Lara 's behaviour in confronting Australia coach Geoff Marsh in the opposition dressing room to protest against his dismissal in the second test on Tuesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clive Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Geoff Marsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lloyd did not say what form the discipline would take .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara , who holds the record for the highest score in test and first-class cricket , was unhappy about Healy 's role in the incident and questioned whether the ball had carried to the Australia keeper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia went on to win the match at the Sydney Cricket Ground by 124 runs to take a two-nil lead in the five-test series after Lara failed in both innings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "Sydney Cricket Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lara has yet to score a century since West Indies arrived in Australia five weeks ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both West Indies and Australia team management have played down the incident , stressing that relations between the two sides have not been adversely affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan , who arrive next week , are the third team in the triangular World Series tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - WEST INDIES TO BAT AFTER WINNING THE TOSS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WEST INDIES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies captain Courtney Walsh elected to bat after winning the toss in the first match in the World Series limited overs competition against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Courtney Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 172]}, {"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia - Mark Taylor ( captain ) , Mark Waugh , Ricky Ponting , Greg Blewett , Michael Bevan , Stuart Law , Tom Moody , Ian Healy , Paul Reiffel , Shane Warne , Jason Gillespie , Glenn McGrath 12th man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Tom Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "Ian Healy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "Shane Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "Stuart Law", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Glenn McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Greg Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Michael Bevan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Ricky Ponting", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Jason Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 179]}, {"entity": "Mark Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Paul Reiffel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies - Sherwin Campbell , Robert Samuels , Brian Lara , Shivnarine Chanderpaul , Carl Hooper , Jimmy Adams , Junior Murray , Nixon McLean , Kenneth Benjamin , Curtly Ambrose , Courtney Walsh ( captain ) , Roland Holder 12th man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Courtney Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "Roland Holder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 225]}, {"entity": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "Curtly Ambrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "Robert Samuels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Nixon McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Sherwin Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Junior Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Kenneth Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Brian Lara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Carl Hooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BADMINTON - WORLD GRAND PRIX RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD GRAND PRIX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BALI 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BALI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results in last of the group matches at the World Grand Prix badminton finals on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Grand Prix", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men 's singles", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chen Gang ( China ) beat Martin Londgaard Hansen ( Denmark ) 15-12 15-6", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Gang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Martin Londgaard Hansen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dong Jiong ( China ) beat Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen ( Denmark ) 15-10 15-6", "entity": [{"entity": "Dong Jiong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indra Wijaya ( Indonesia ) beat Ong Ewe Hock ( Malaysia ) 5-15 15-11 15-11", "entity": [{"entity": "Indra Wijaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "Ong Ewe Hock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sun Jun ( China ) beat Rashid Sidek ( Malaysia ) 15-12 17-14", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun Jun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Rashid Sidek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hermawan Susanto ( Indonesia ) beat Soren B. Nielsen ( Denmark ) 15-8 15-2", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermawan Susanto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Soren B. Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allan Budi Kuksuma ( Indonesia ) beat Poul-Erik Hoyer-Larsen ( Denmark ) 15-7 15-4", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Poul-Erik Hoyer-Larsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "Allan Budi Kuksuma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Budi Santoso ( Indonesia ) beat Hu Zhilan ( China ) 15-4 15-5", "entity": [{"entity": "Budi Santoso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Hu Zhilan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Semifinals ( on Saturday ) : Fung Permadi ( Taiwan ) v Indra", "entity": [{"entity": "Indra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Fung Permadi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wijaya ( Indonesia ) ; Sun Jun ( China ) v Allan Budi Kusuma", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Allan Budi Kusuma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "Sun Jun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Wijaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Indonesia )", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women 's singles", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gong Zhichao ( China ) beat Mia Audina ( Indonesia ) 11-2 12-10", "entity": [{"entity": "Gong Zhichao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Mia Audina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ye Zhaoying ( China ) beat Meiluawati ( Indonesia ) 11-6 12-10", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Ye Zhaoying", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Meiluawati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camilla Martin ( Denmark ) beat Wang Chen ( China ) 11-0 12-10", "entity": [{"entity": "Camilla Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Wang Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susi Susanti ( Indonesia ) beat Han Jingna ( China ) 11-5 11-4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susi Susanti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Han Jingna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Semifinals ( on Saturday ) : Susi Susanti ( Indonesia ) v Camilla Martin ( Denmark ) ; Ye Zhaoying ( China ) v Gong Zichao ( China ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camilla Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "Susi Susanti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Gong Zichao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Ye Zhaoying", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ARAB CONTRACTORS WIN AFRICAN CUP WINNERS ' CUP .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFRICAN CUP WINNERS ' CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 55]}, {"entity": "ARAB", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAIRO 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "CAIRO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of the second leg of the African Cup Winners ' Cup final at the National stadium on Friday : Arab Contractors ( Egypt ) 4 Sodigraf ( Zaire ) 0 ( halftime 2-0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Arab Contractors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "National stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "African Cup Winners ' Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 57]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Sodigraf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aly Ashour 7 , 56 penalty , Mohamed Ouda 24 , 73", "entity": [{"entity": "Aly Ashour", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Mohamed Ouda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contractors won 4-0 on aggregate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NHL ICE HOCKEY - STANDINGS AFTER THURSDAY 'S GAMES .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings of National Hockey", "entity": [{"entity": "National Hockey", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League teams after games played on Thursday ( tabulate under", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "won , lost , tied , goals for , goals against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EASTERN CONFERENCE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NORTHEAST DIVISION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W L T GF GA PTS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HARTFORD 12 7 6 77 76 30", "entity": [{"entity": "HARTFORD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO 13 12 1 77 76 27", "entity": [{"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOSTON 10 11 4 74 84 24", "entity": [{"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MONTREAL 10 14 4 96 103 24", "entity": [{"entity": "MONTREAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PITTSBURGH 9 13 3 81 91 21", "entity": [{"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OTTAWA 7 11 6 62 72 20", "entity": [{"entity": "OTTAWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATLANTIC DIVISION", "entity": [{"entity": "ATLANTIC", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FLORIDA 17 4 6 83 53 40", "entity": [{"entity": "FLORIDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA 14 12 2 75 75 30", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW JERSEY 14 10 1 61 61 29", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 13 12 1 69 66 27", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY RANGERS 10 13 5 91 81 25", "entity": [{"entity": "NY RANGERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY ISLANDERS 7 11 8 65 72 22", "entity": [{"entity": "NY ISLANDERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAMPA BAY 8 15 2 69 81 18", "entity": [{"entity": "TAMPA BAY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WESTERN CONFERENCE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CENTRAL DIVISION", "entity": [{"entity": "CENTRAL DIVISION", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT 15 9 4 81 53 34", "entity": [{"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DALLAS 16 9 1 74 60 33", "entity": [{"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO 12 12 3 71 67 27", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST LOUIS 13 14 0 78 81 26", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TORONTO 11 15 0 76 89 22", "entity": [{"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHOENIX 9 13 4 61 74 22", "entity": [{"entity": "PHOENIX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PACIFIC DIVISION", "entity": [{"entity": "PACIFIC", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COLORADO 17 6 4 97 56 38", "entity": [{"entity": "COLORADO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VANCOUVER 14 11 1 84 83 29", "entity": [{"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EDMONTON 13 14 1 94 88 27", "entity": [{"entity": "EDMONTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LOS ANGELES 11 13 3 72 83 25", "entity": [{"entity": "LOS ANGELES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN JOSE 10 13 4 69 87 24", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN JOSE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CALGARY 10 16 2 65 77 22", "entity": [{"entity": "CALGARY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANAHEIM 9 14 4 73 86 22", "entity": [{"entity": "ANAHEIM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FRIDAY , DECEMBER 6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANAHEIM AT BUFFALO", "entity": [{"entity": "ANAHEIM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TORONTO AT NY RANGERS", "entity": [{"entity": "NY RANGERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PITTSBURGH AT WASHINGTON", "entity": [{"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MONTREAL AT CHICAGO", "entity": [{"entity": "MONTREAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA AT DALLAS", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST LOUIS AT COLORADO", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "COLORADO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OTTAWA AT EDMONTON", "entity": [{"entity": "OTTAWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "EDMONTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NHL ICE HOCKEY - THURSDAY 'S RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ CORRECTED 08:40 GMT ]", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Corrects headline from NBA to NHL and corrects team name in second result from La Clippers to Ny Islanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "La Clippers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Ny Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ")", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of National Hockey", "entity": [{"entity": "National Hockey", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League games on Thursday ( home team in CAPS ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hartford 4 BOSTON 2", "entity": [{"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Hartford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FLORIDA 4 Ny Islanders 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Ny Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "FLORIDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW JERSEY 2 Calgary 1", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phoenix 3 ST LOUIS 0", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tampa Bay 2 LOS ANGELES 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa Bay", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "LOS ANGELES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFL AMERICAN FOOTBALL-COLTS CLOBBER EAGLES TO STAY IN PLAYOFF HUNT .", "entity": [{"entity": "EAGLES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANAPOLIS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "INDIANAPOLIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The injury-plagued Indianapolis Colts lost another quarterback on Thursday but last year 's AFC finalists rallied together to shoot down the Philadelphia Eagles 37-10 in a showdown of playoff contenders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indianapolis Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marshall Faulk rushed for 101 yards and two touchdowns and Jason Belser returned an interception 44 yards for a score as the Colts improved to 8-6 , the same mark as the Eagles , who lost for the fourth time in five games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marshall Faulk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "Jason Belser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Justin , starting for the sidelined Jim Harbaugh , was 14-of-23 for 144 yards and a touchdown for the the Colts , who played their last home game of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Justin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Jim Harbaugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indianapolis closes with games at Kansas City and Cincinnati .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Kansas City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Indianapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Eagles were held without a touchdown until the final five seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philadelphia , which fell from an NFC East tie with the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins , go on the road against the New York Jets and then entertain Arizona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Dallas Cowboys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "Washington Redskins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "New York Jets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss by Philadelphia allowed the idle Green Bay Packers ( 10-3 ) to clinch the first NFC playoff berth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Green Bay Packers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 59]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Colts won despite the absence of injured starting defensive tackle Tony Siragusa , cornerback Ray Buchanan and linebacker Quentin Coryatt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quentin Coryatt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Tony Siragusa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Ray Buchanan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Faulk carried 16 times , including a 13-yard TD run in the first quarter and a seven-yard score early in the final period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Faulk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Justin made his second straight start for Harbaugh , who has a knee injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Justin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Harbaugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Justin suffered a sprained right shoulder in the third quarter and did not return .", "entity": [{"entity": "Justin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third-stringer Kerwin Bell , a 1988 draft choice of the Miami Dolphins , made his NFL debut and was 5-of-5 for 75 yards , including a 20-yard scoring strike to Marvin Harrison in the third period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 175]}, {"entity": "Miami Dolphins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Kerwin Bell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 39-yard interference penalty against Philadelphia 's Troy Vincent set up Faulk 's first score around left end that capped an 80-yard march 5:17 into the game and the rout was on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Troy Vincent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Faulk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eagles quarterback Ty Detmer was 17-of-34 for 182 yards before he was benched .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ty Detmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ricky Watters , who leads the NFC in rushing , left the game after getting kneed to the helmet after gaining 33 yards on seven carries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricky Watters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBA BASKETBALL - STANDINGS AFTER THURSDAY 'S GAMES .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings of National", "entity": [{"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basketball Association teams after games played on Thursday", "entity": [{"entity": "Basketball Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( tabulate under won , lost , percentage , games behind ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W L PCT GB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIAMI 14 4 .778 -", "entity": [{"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK 10 6 .625 3", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORLANDO 8 6 .571 4", "entity": [{"entity": "ORLANDO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 7 9 .438 6", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA 7 10 .412 6 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOSTON 4 12 .250 9", "entity": [{"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW JERSEY 3 10 .231 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO 17 1 .944 -", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT 13 3 .813 3", "entity": [{"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLEVELAND 11 5 .688 5", "entity": [{"entity": "CLEVELAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATLANTA 10 8 .556 7", "entity": [{"entity": "ATLANTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHARLOTTE 8 8 .500 8", "entity": [{"entity": "CHARLOTTE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MILWAUKEE 8 8 .500 8", "entity": [{"entity": "MILWAUKEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANA 7 8 .467 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "INDIANA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TORONTO 6 11 .353 10 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIDWEST DIVISION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOUSTON 16 2 .889 -", "entity": [{"entity": "HOUSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UTAH 14 2 .875 1", "entity": [{"entity": "UTAH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MINNESOTA 7 10 .412 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "MINNESOTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DALLAS 6 11 .353 9 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DENVER 5 14 .263 11 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "DENVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN ANTONIO 3 13 .188 12", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN ANTONIO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VANCOUVER 2 16 .111 14", "entity": [{"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEATTLE 15 5 .750 -", "entity": [{"entity": "SEATTLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LA LAKERS 13 7 .650 2", "entity": [{"entity": "LA LAKERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PORTLAND 11 8 .579 3 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "PORTLAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LA CLIPPERS 7 11 .389 7", "entity": [{"entity": "LA CLIPPERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GOLDEN STATE 6 12 .333 8", "entity": [{"entity": "GOLDEN STATE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SACRAMENTO 6 12 .333 8", "entity": [{"entity": "SACRAMENTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHOENIX 2 14 .125 11", "entity": [{"entity": "PHOENIX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW JERSEY AT BOSTON", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLEVELAND AT DETROIT", "entity": [{"entity": "CLEVELAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK AT MIAMI", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHOENIX AT SACRAMENTO", "entity": [{"entity": "PHOENIX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "SACRAMENTO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VANCOUVER AT SAN ANTONIO", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN ANTONIO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MINNESOTA AT UTAH", "entity": [{"entity": "MINNESOTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "UTAH", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHARLOTTE AT PORTLAND", "entity": [{"entity": "CHARLOTTE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "PORTLAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANA AT GOLDEN STATE", "entity": [{"entity": "GOLDEN STATE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "INDIANA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORLANDO AT LA LAKERS", "entity": [{"entity": "LA LAKERS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "ORLANDO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFL AMERICAN FOOTBALL-STANDINGS AFTER THURSDAY 'S GAME .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "National Football League", "entity": [{"entity": "National Football League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "standings after Thursday 's game ( tabulate under won , lost ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tied , points for and points against ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE", "entity": [{"entity": "AMERICAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EASTERN DIVISION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W L T PF PA", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW ENGLAND 9 4 0 355 269", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW ENGLAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO 9 4 0 267 215", "entity": [{"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANAPOLIS 8 6 0 269 284", "entity": [{"entity": "INDIANAPOLIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIAMI 6 7 0 285 266", "entity": [{"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY JETS 1 12 0 221 368", "entity": [{"entity": "NY JETS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PITTSBURGH 9 4 0 299 211", "entity": [{"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOUSTON 7 6 0 291 254", "entity": [{"entity": "HOUSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JACKSONVILLE 6 7 0 263 288", "entity": [{"entity": "JACKSONVILLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CINCINNATI 5 8 0 299 318", "entity": [{"entity": "CINCINNATI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BALTIMORE 4 9 0 320 369", "entity": [{"entity": "BALTIMORE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WESTERN DIVISION", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X-DENVER 12 1 0 351 199", "entity": [{"entity": "X-DENVER", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KANSAS CITY 9 4 0 262 230", "entity": [{"entity": "KANSAS CITY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN DIEGO 7 6 0 277 323", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN DIEGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OAKLAND 6 7 0 274 234", "entity": [{"entity": "OAKLAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEATTLE 5 8 0 250 317", "entity": [{"entity": "SEATTLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NATIONAL FOOTBALL CONFERENCE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DALLAS 8 5 0 254 201", "entity": [{"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 8 5 0 291 251", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA 8 6 0 313 302", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ARIZONA 6 7 0 248 332", "entity": [{"entity": "ARIZONA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY GIANTS 5 8 0 200 250", "entity": [{"entity": "NY GIANTS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y-GREEN BAY 10 3 0 346 191", "entity": [{"entity": "Y-GREEN BAY", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MINNESOTA 7 6 0 243 245", "entity": [{"entity": "MINNESOTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO 5 8 0 202 248", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT 5 8 0 263 289", "entity": [{"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAMPA BAY 4 9 0 153 243", "entity": [{"entity": "TAMPA BAY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN FRANCISCO 10 3 0 325 198", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN FRANCISCO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAROLINA 9 4 0 292 164", "entity": [{"entity": "CAROLINA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST LOUIS 4 9 0 246 334", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATLANTA 2 11 0 234 393", "entity": [{"entity": "ATLANTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW ORLEANS 2 11 0 184 291", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW ORLEANS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X -- CLINCHED DIVISION TITLE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y -- CLINCHED PLAYOFF BERTH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUNDAY , DECEMBER 8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST LOUIS AT CHICAGO", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BALTIMORE AT CINCINNATI", "entity": [{"entity": "BALTIMORE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "CINCINNATI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DENVER AT GREEN BAY", "entity": [{"entity": "GREEN BAY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "DENVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JACKSONVILLE AT HOUSTON", "entity": [{"entity": "JACKSONVILLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "HOUSTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY GIANTS AT MIAMI", "entity": [{"entity": "NY GIANTS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATLANTA AT NEW ORLEANS", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW ORLEANS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "ATLANTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN DIEGO AT PITTSBURGH", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN DIEGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON AT TAMPA BAY", "entity": [{"entity": "TAMPA BAY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DALLAS AT ARIZONA", "entity": [{"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "ARIZONA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY JETS AT NEW ENGLAND", "entity": [{"entity": "NY JETS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "NEW ENGLAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO AT SEATTLE", "entity": [{"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "SEATTLE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAROLINA AT SAN FRANCISCO", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN FRANCISCO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "CAROLINA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MINNESOTA AT DETROIT", "entity": [{"entity": "MINNESOTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MONDAY , DECEMBER 9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KANSAS CITY AT OAKLAND", "entity": [{"entity": "KANSAS CITY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "OAKLAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFL AMERICAN FOOTBALL-THURSDAY 'S RESULT .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of National Football", "entity": [{"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Football", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League game on Thursday ( home team in CAPS ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANAPOLIS 37 Philadelphia 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "INDIANAPOLIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCAA AMERICAN FOOTBALL-OHIO STATE 'S PACE FIRST REPEAT LOMBARDI AWARD WINNER .", "entity": [{"entity": "PACE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "FOOTBALL-OHIO STATE", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 33]}, {"entity": "LOMBARDI AWARD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "NCAA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOUSTON 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "HOUSTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ohio State left tackle Orlando Pace became the first repeat winner of the Lombardi Award Thursday night when the Rotary Club of Houston again honoured him as college football 's lineman of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "Ohio State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Orlando Pace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Lombardi Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Rotary Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pace , a junior , helped Ohio State to a 10-1 record and a berth in the Rose Bowl against Arizona State .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rose Bowl", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Arizona State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Pace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Ohio State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the most dominant offensive lineman in the country and also played defensive line in goal-line situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , Pace became the first sophomore to win the award since its inception in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pace outdistanced three senior finalists -- Virginia Tech defensive end Cornell Brown , Arizona State offensive tackle Juan Roque and defensive end Jared Tomich of Nebraska .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jared Tomich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Nebraska", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "Arizona State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Virginia Tech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Cornell Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Juan Roque", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Pace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Lombardi Award is presented to the college lineman who , in addition to outstanding effort on the field , best exemplifies the characteristics and discipline of Vince Lombardi , legendary coach of the Green Bay Packers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lombardi Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Vince Lombardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 179]}, {"entity": "Green Bay Packers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - DUTCH FIRST DIVISION RESULTS / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "DUTCH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMSTERDAM 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "AMSTERDAM", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of Dutch first division", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "soccer match played on Friday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RKC Waalwijk 1 Willem II Tilburg 2", "entity": [{"entity": "RKC Waalwijk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Willem II Tilburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PSV Eindhoven 18 13 3 2 52 14 42", "entity": [{"entity": "PSV Eindhoven", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feyenoord 17 11 3 3 29 20 36", "entity": [{"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twente Enschede 18 10 4 4 28 15 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Twente Enschede", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graafschap Doetinchem 18 9 3 6 29 22 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Graafschap Doetinchem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitesse Arnhem 18 8 5 5 29 21 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitesse Arnhem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ajax Amsterdam 18 7 8 3 23 16 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Ajax Amsterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heerenveen 18 7 7 4 30 20 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Heerenveen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roda JC Kerkrade 17 7 6 4 19 21 27", "entity": [{"entity": "Roda JC Kerkrade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utrecht 18 4 10 4 26 24 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Utrecht", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volendam 18 5 6 7 20 23 21", "entity": [{"entity": "Volendam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sparta Rotterdam 19 6 3 10 21 25 21", "entity": [{"entity": "Sparta Rotterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAC Breda 18 6 3 9 17 29 21", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC Breda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Willem II Tilburg 18 5 4 9 19 31 19", "entity": [{"entity": "Willem II Tilburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groningen 18 4 6 8 20 31 18", "entity": [{"entity": "Groningen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AZ Alkmaar 18 5 2 11 16 23 17", "entity": [{"entity": "AZ Alkmaar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortuna Sittard 17 3 7 7 14 28 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Fortuna Sittard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEC Nijmegen 18 3 7 8 19 32 16", "entity": [{"entity": "NEC Nijmegen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RKC Waalwijk 19 3 5 11 18 33 14", "entity": [{"entity": "RKC Waalwijk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - GERMAN FIRST DIVISION RESULTS / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "GERMAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BONN 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BONN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of German first division", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "soccer matches played on Friday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bochum 2 Bayer Leverkusen 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayer Leverkusen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "Bochum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Werder Bremen 1 1860 Munich 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Werder Bremen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "1860 Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karlsruhe 3 Freiburg 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Freiburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Karlsruhe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schalke 2 Hansa Rostock 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Hansa Rostock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Schalke", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings ( tabulated under played , won , drawn , lost , goals", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "for goals against points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bayer Leverkusen 17 10 4 3 38 22 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayer Leverkusen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bayern Munich 16 9 6 1 26 14 33", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayern Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VfB Stuttgart 16 9 4 3 39 17 31", "entity": [{"entity": "VfB Stuttgart", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Borussia Dortmund 16 9 4 3 33 17 31", "entity": [{"entity": "Borussia Dortmund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karlsruhe 17 8 4 5 30 20 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Karlsruhe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VfL Bochum 16 7 6 3 23 21 27", "entity": [{"entity": "VfL Bochum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. FC Cologne 16 8 2 6 31 27 26", "entity": [{"entity": "1. FC Cologne", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schalke 04 17 7 4 6 25 26 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Schalke 04", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Werder Bremen 17 6 4 7 29 28 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Werder Bremen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MSV Duisburg 16 5 4 7 16 22 19", "entity": [{"entity": "MSV Duisburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SV 1860 Munich 17 4 6 7 25 31 18", "entity": [{"entity": "SV 1860 Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FC St. Pauli 15 5 3 7 21 28 18", "entity": [{"entity": "FC St. Pauli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortuna Dusseldorf 16 5 3 8 13 24 18", "entity": [{"entity": "Fortuna Dusseldorf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hamburger SV 16 4 5 7 20 25 17", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamburger SV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arminia Bielefeld 16 4 4 8 18 28 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Arminia Bielefeld", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FC Hansa Rostock 17 4 3 10 19 26 15", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Hansa Rostock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Borussia Monchengladbach 16 4 3 9 12 22 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Borussia Monchengladbach", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SC Freiburg 17 4 1 12 20 40 13", "entity": [{"entity": "SC Freiburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - FRENCH LEAGUE SUMMARIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRENCH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PARIS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "PARIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summaries of French first division", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "matches on Friday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lens 0 Nantes 4 ( Japhet N'Doram 7 , Claude Makelele 42 , Jocelyn", "entity": [{"entity": "Japhet N'Doram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Jocelyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Claude Makelele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gourvennec 67 , Christophe Pignol 72 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christophe Pignol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "Gourvennec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halftime 0-2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15,000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paris St Germain 1 ( Bruno N'Gotty 2 ) Nancy 2 ( Paul Fischer", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno N'Gotty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Nancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Paul Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Paris St Germain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "70 , Phil Gray 89 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1-0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30,000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - DUTCH FIRST DIVISION SUMMARIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "DUTCH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summary of Dutch first division", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RKC Waalwijk 1 ( Starbuck 76 ) Willem II Tilburg 2 ( Konterman 45 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Konterman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "RKC Waalwijk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Willem II Tilburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van der Vegt 77 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van der Vegt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halftime 0-1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance 5,300 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - FRENCH LEAGUE STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRENCH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings in the French first", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "division after Friday 's matches ( tabulate under played , won ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "drawn , lost , goals for , against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paris Saint-Germain 21 12 6 3 34 15 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris Saint-Germain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monaco 20 12 5 3 36 16 41", "entity": [{"entity": "Monaco", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bordeaux 20 9 7 4 29 21 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Bordeaux", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strasbourg 20 11 1 8 27 27 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Strasbourg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bastia 20 9 6 5 27 22 33", "entity": [{"entity": "Bastia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Auxerre 20 8 8 4 26 12 32", "entity": [{"entity": "Auxerre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metz 20 8 7 5 21 16 31", "entity": [{"entity": "Metz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nantes 21 7 9 5 41 25 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guingamp 20 7 7 6 18 18 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Guingamp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lille 20 7 7 6 22 28 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Lille", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marseille 20 6 8 6 18 17 26", "entity": [{"entity": "Marseille", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyon 20 6 8 6 24 31 26", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rennes 20 7 4 9 23 28 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Rennes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lens 21 7 4 10 25 34 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Le Havre 20 5 7 8 20 21 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Le Havre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cannes 20 5 7 8 13 22 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Montpellier 20 3 9 8 17 24 18", "entity": [{"entity": "Montpellier", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caen 20 3 7 10 12 23 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Caen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nancy 21 3 7 11 14 26 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Nancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nice 20 3 4 13 17 38 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Nice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - FRENCH LEAGUE RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRENCH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of French first division", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lens 0 Nantes 4", "entity": [{"entity": "Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paris St Germain 1 Nancy 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Nancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Paris St Germain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - GERMAN FIRST DIVISION SUMMARIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "GERMAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summaries of matches played in the German first division on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bochum 2 ( Stickroth 30th pen , Wosz 89th ) Bayer Leverkusen 2 ( Kirsten 18th , Ramelow 56th ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stickroth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "Kirsten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Bayer Leverkusen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "Bochum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ramelow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Wosz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halftime 1-1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance : 24,602", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Werder Bremen 1 ( Bode 85th ) 1860 Munich 1 ( Bormirow 8th ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bormirow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Werder Bremen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "1860 Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Bode", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance 33,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karlsruhe 3 ( Reich 29th , Carl 44th , Dundee 69th ) Freiburg 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Freiburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Karlsruhe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Carl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halftime 2-0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schalke 2 ( Mulder 2nd and 27th ) Hansa Rostock 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mulder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Hansa Rostock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Schalke", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance 29,300", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TENNIS - GRAND SLAM CUP QUARTER-FINAL RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRAND SLAM CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MUNICH , Germany 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "MUNICH", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quarter-final results at the $ 6 million Grand Slam Cup tennis tournament on Friday : Goran Ivanisevic ( Croatia ) beat Mark Woodforde ( Australia ) 6-4 6-4", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Slam Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Mark Woodforde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 134]}, {"entity": "Goran Ivanisevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yevgeny Kafelnikov ( Russia ) beat Jim Courier ( U.S. ) 2-6 6-4 8-6", "entity": [{"entity": "Yevgeny Kafelnikov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Jim Courier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - WEAH HEAD-BUTT DEPRIVES PORTUGAL OF COSTA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PORTUGAL", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "WEAH", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "COSTA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LISBON 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "LISBON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portugal called up Porto central defender Joao Manuel Pinto on Friday to face Germany in a World Cup qualifier in place of injured club colleague Jorge Costa , who is still nursing a broken nose after being head-butted by Liberian striker Georg Weah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Joao Manuel Pinto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 59]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Georg Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "Jorge Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "Liberian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [222, 230]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costa has not played since being struck by the AC Milan forward after a bad-tempered European Champions ' League game on November 27 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AC Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "European Champions ' League", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 112]}, {"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portugal lead European qualifying group nine with seven points from four games , one more than Ukraine and three more than Germany , who have only played twice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Ukraine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Portuguese host Germany on December 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portuguese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goalkeepers - Vitor Baia ( Barcelona , Spain ) , Rui Correia ( Braga ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitor Baia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Rui Correia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Braga", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defenders - Paulinho Santos ( Porto ) , Sergio Conceicao ( Porto ) , Joao Manuel Pinto ( Porto ) , Oceano Cruz ( Sporting ) , Fernando Couto ( Barcelona ) , Helder Cristovao ( Deportivo Coruna , Spain ) , Dimas Teixeira ( Juventus , Italy ) , Carlos Secretario ( Real Madrid , Spain ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 238]}, {"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [222, 230]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Oceano Cruz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "Joao Manuel Pinto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "Dimas Teixeira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 219]}, {"entity": "Fernando Couto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Paulinho Santos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Helder Cristovao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 173]}, {"entity": "Deportivo Coruna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 192]}, {"entity": "Carlos Secretario", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 260]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [277, 282]}, {"entity": "Sporting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "Sergio Conceicao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midfielders - Rui Barros ( Porto ) , Jose Barroso ( Porto ) , Luis Figo ( Barcelona ) , Paulo Bento ( Oviedo , Spain ) , Jose Taira ( Salamanca , Spain ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "Rui Barros", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Salamanca", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "Paulo Bento", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Oviedo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Luis Figo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Jose Taira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Jose Barroso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forwards - Antonio Folha ( Porto ) , Joao Vieira Pinto ( Benfica ) , Paulo Alves ( Sporting ) , Rui Costa ( Fiorentina , Italy ) , Jorge Cadete ( Celtic Glasgow , Scotland ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge Cadete", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "Antonio Folha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "Sporting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "Celtic Glasgow", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Benfica", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Joao Vieira Pinto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "Rui Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "Fiorentina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Paulo Alves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER SHOWCASE-BETTING ON REAL MADRID V BARCELONA .", "entity": [{"entity": "REAL MADRID", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "BARCELONA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MADRID 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "MADRID", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William Hill betting on Saturday 's", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spanish first division match between Real Madrid and Barcelona :", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To win : 6-5 Real Madrid ; 7-4 Barcelona", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Draw : 9-4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correct score :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid to win Barcelona to win", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1-0 13-2 1-0 15-2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2-0 9-1 2-0 12-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2-1 8-1 2-1 10-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3-0 20-1 3-0 28-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3-1 16-1 3-1 22-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3-2 25-1 3-2 25-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4-0 50-1 4-0 100-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4-1 40-1 4-1 80-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4-2 50-1 4-2 80-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Draw :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "0-0 8-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1-1 11-2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2-2 14-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3-3 50-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Double result :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "half-time full-time", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5-2 Real Madrid Real Madrid", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14-1 Real Madrid Draw", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "28-1 Real Madrid Barcelona", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5-1 Draw Real Madrid", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4-1 Draw Draw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11-2 Draw Barcelona", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25-1 Barcelona Real Madrid", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14-1 Barcelona Draw", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4-1 Barcelona Barcelona", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First goalscorer of match :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid Barcelona", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9-2 Davor Suker 9-2 Ronaldo", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Davor Suker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5-1 Pedrag Mijatovic 7-1 Luis Figo", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Figo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Pedrag Mijatovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7-1 Raul Gonzalez 7-1 Juan Pizzi", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan Pizzi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Raul Gonzalez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12-1 Fernando Redondo 9-1 Giovanni", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Fernando Redondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14-1 Victor Sanchez 12-1 Guillermo", "entity": [{"entity": "Guillermo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Victor Sanchez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amor", "entity": [{"entity": "Amor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16-1 Jose Amavisca 14-1 Roger Garcia", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Garcia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Jose Amavisca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16-1 Manolo Sanchis 14-1 Gheorghe", "entity": [{"entity": "Gheorghe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Manolo Sanchis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Popescu", "entity": [{"entity": "Popescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16-1 Roberto Carlos 16-1", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Carlos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JosepGuardiola", "entity": [{"entity": "JosepGuardiola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20-1 Fernando Hierro 20-1 Ivan de", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan de", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Fernando Hierro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "laPena", "entity": [{"entity": "laPena", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20-1 Luis Milla 25-1 Luis", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "Luis Milla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enrique", "entity": [{"entity": "Enrique", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "33-1 Fernando Sanz 25-1", "entity": [{"entity": "Fernando Sanz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AbelardoFernandez", "entity": [{"entity": "AbelardoFernandez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "40-1 Carlos Secretario 28-1 Sergi Barjuan", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergi Barjuan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Carlos Secretario", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "40-1 Rafael Alkorta 33-1 Albert", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Rafael Alkorta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ferrer", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferrer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "40-1 Chendo Porlan 33-1 Miguel Nadal", "entity": [{"entity": "Miguel Nadal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Chendo Porlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "40-1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laurent Blanc", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurent Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER SHOWCASE-FANS FACE BREATHALYSER TESTS , PAPER SAYS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spanish police will breathalyse fans at the gates of the Santiago Bernabeu stadium and ban drunk supporters from Saturday 's big Real Madrid-Barcelona game , the Madrid daily El Mundo said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "El Mundo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 183]}, {"entity": "Santiago Bernabeu stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 82]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid-Barcelona", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 150]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there are no known precedents in the country , the action is envisaged in Spanish legislation governing sports events .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tickets for the game stipulate that supporters will be barred if they are \" under the effects of alcohol \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SPANISH FIRST DIVISION STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPANISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings in the Spanish first", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "division ahead of this weekend 's games .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( tabulate under games played , won , drawn , lost , goals for ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid 15 10 5 0 31 12 35", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barcelona 15 10 4 1 46 19 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deportivo Coruna 15 9 6 0 23 7 33", "entity": [{"entity": "Deportivo Coruna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Betis 15 8 5 2 28 13 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Betis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atletico Madrid 15 8 3 4 26 17 27", "entity": [{"entity": "Atletico Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Athletic Bilbao 15 7 4 4 28 22 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Athletic Bilbao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Sociedad 15 7 3 5 20 18 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Sociedad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valladolid 15 7 3 5 19 18 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Valladolid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Racing Santander 15 5 7 3 15 15 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Racing Santander", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rayo Vallecano 15 5 5 5 21 19 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Rayo Vallecano", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valencia 15 6 2 7 23 22 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Valencia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Celta Vigo 15 5 5 5 17 17 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Celta Vigo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tenerife 15 5 4 6 23 17 19", "entity": [{"entity": "Tenerife", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Espanyol 15 4 4 7 17 20 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Espanyol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oviedo 15 4 4 7 17 21 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Oviedo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sporting Gijon 15 4 4 7 15 22 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Sporting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logrones 15 4 3 8 11 33 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Logrones", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zaragoza 15 2 8 5 18 23 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaragoza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sevilla 15 4 2 9 13 20 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Sevilla", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compostela 15 3 4 8 13 28 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Compostela", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hercules 15 2 2 11 11 29 8", "entity": [{"entity": "Hercules", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extremadura 15 1 3 11 8 30 6", "entity": [{"entity": "Extremadura", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SPAIN PICK UNCAPPED ARMANDO FOR WORLD CUP CLASH .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "ARMANDO", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "SPAIN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spain coach Javier Clemente has added uncapped Deportivo Coruna midfielder Armando Alvarez to his squad for the World Cup qualifier against Yugoslavia on December 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Javier Clemente", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Armando Alvarez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "Deportivo Coruna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I do n't believe it ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought it was a joke , \" said Armando who replaces injured Atletico Madrid playmaker Jose Luis Caminero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Armando", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "Jose Luis Caminero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "Atletico Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - FIFA BOSS HAVELANGE STANDS BY WEAH .", "entity": [{"entity": "WEAH", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "HAVELANGE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIFA chairman Joao Havelange said on Friday he would personally present AC Milan George Weah with world soccer 's fair play award despite the striker 's attack on Porto captain Jorge Costa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joao Havelange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Jorge Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 188]}, {"entity": "George Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "AC Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview with the Italian newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport , he was quoted as saying Weah had been provoked into the assault which left Costa with a broken nose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "Gazzetta dello Sport", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" FIFA has named the Liberian for its 1996 Fair Play award and it is not going to change its decision , \" Havelange said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havelange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 6]}, {"entity": "Liberian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A reaction , provoked , cannot erase 10 years of loyalty everywhere and in every competition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I will be happy to give him the award personally on January 20 in Lisbon and I 'm confident that Costa himself will be there beside me on that day to shake his hand . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisbon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weah was suspended for one match by UEFA , European soccer 's governing body , pending a fuller investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "UEFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incident took place in the players ' tunnel after a European Champions ' League match on November 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Champions ' League", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [56, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weah has admitted head butting Costa but said he reacted to racist taunts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has offered to apologise if Costa acknowledges the provocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costa , who needed surgery on his nose , has not accepted the offer and was reported to be considering suing Weah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weah served out his suspension during Milan 's 2-1 home defeat by Rosenborg of Norway on Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosenborg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defeat put the Italians out of the Europoean Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europoean Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Italians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GUNMEN WOUND TWO MANCHESTER UNITED FANS IN AUSTRIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "AUSTRIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "MANCHESTER UNITED", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VIENNA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "VIENNA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two Manchester United soccer fans were wounded by unidentified gunmen on Friday and taken to hospital in the Austrian capital , police said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Austrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The four Britons were shot at from a Mercedes car at around 1 a.m. , \" a spokeswoman told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercedes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Britons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two men were hit in the pelvis and leg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police said their lives were not in danger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fans , in Austria to watch their team play Rapid Vienna last Wednesday , may have been involved in a pub brawl earlier , the spokeswoman said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Rapid Vienna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manchester United won 2-0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ITALIAN FIRST DIVISION MATCHES THIS WEEKEND .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITALIAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italian Serie A games to be played on Sunday ( league positions in parentheses , all kick- off times GMT ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Serie A", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bologna ( 4 ) v Piacenza ( 13 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Piacenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with leaders Vicenza , fourth-placed Bologna represent the biggest surprise of this Italian autumn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Vicenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Led as usual by Swede Kennet Andersson and Russian Igor Kolyvanov in attack , Bologna can expect a tough home match against a Piacenza side still exultant after a 3-2 league win over AC Milan last Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "AC Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 191]}, {"entity": "Swede", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Kennet Andersson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "Piacenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Igor Kolyvanov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cagliari ( 16 ) v Reggiana ( 18 ) 1530", "entity": [{"entity": "Cagliari", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Reggiana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cagliari start favourite in this relegation scrap following draws with Napoli and Inter in last two outings but will be without suspended Swiss defender Ramon Vega .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Ramon Vega", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "Cagliari", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Napoli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bottom team Reggiana are also without a suspended defender , German Dietmar Beiersdorfer .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Reggiana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Dietmar Beiersdorfer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiorentina ( 10 ) v Perugia ( 8 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiorentina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Perugia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiorentina will be without three suspended players -- defenders Daniele Carnasciali and Lorenzo Amoruso and midfielder Emiliano Bigica -- for a difficult home match against unpredictable , attack-oriented Perugia led by in-form Croat striker Milan Rapajic and the experienced Fausto Pizzi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emiliano Bigica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "Fausto Pizzi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [276, 288]}, {"entity": "Lorenzo Amoruso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Milan Rapajic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [242, 255]}, {"entity": "Croat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 233]}, {"entity": "Fiorentina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Perugia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 212]}, {"entity": "Daniele Carnasciali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lazio ( 12 ) v AS Roma ( 7 ) 1930", "entity": [{"entity": "AS Roma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor man 's Roman derby in what has been a miserable season for both Rome teams , already eliminated from the Italian and UEFA Cups .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Cups", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "Roman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lazio have injury doubts about striker Pierluigi Casiraghi , Czech midfielder Pavel Nedved and defender Paolo Negro , while Roma present a full strength side led by Argentine Abel Balbo , Marco Delvecchio and Francesco Totti in attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "Pierluigi Casiraghi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "Francesco Totti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [209, 224]}, {"entity": "Roma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "Abel Balbo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Pavel Nedved", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Marco Delvecchio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [188, 204]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Paolo Negro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AC Milan ( 9 ) v Udinese ( 11 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "AC Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can Milan sink any further ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following their midweek Champions ' League elimination by Norwegian side Rosenborg , a morale-boosting win is badly needed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosenborg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Champions ' League", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liberian striker George Weah makes a welcome return for Milan alongside Roberto Baggio , with Montenegrin Dejan Savicevic in midfield .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Weah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Dejan Savicevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 121]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Montenegrin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Roberto Baggio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Liberian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good news for Milan is that Udinese 's German striker Oliver Bierhoff is out through injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Oliver Bierhoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Napoli ( 5 ) v Verona ( 17 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Napoli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Verona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In-form Napoli should prove too strong for second from bottom Verona despite the absence of their suspended Argentine defender Roberto Ayala .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Roberto Ayala", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Napoli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Argentine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verona 's slim chances have been further reduced by a knee injury to their experienced midfielder Eugenio Corini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugenio Corini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Verona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parma ( 14 ) v Atlalanta ( 15 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Parma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Atlalanta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parma may field new signing , Croat midfielder Mario Stanic , in an attempt to lift a miserable season which has seen them go without a win since a 1-0 triumph over Cagliari eight weeks ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cagliari", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "Mario Stanic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Parma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Croat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parma 's French midfielder Daniel Bravo and defender Fabio Cannavaro are suspended while Argentine Nestor Sensini is out through injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Bravo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Fabio Cannavaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "Nestor Sensini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "Parma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Argentine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atalanta look to Filippo Inzaghi , scorer of eight goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Filippo Inzaghi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "Atalanta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sampdoria ( 6 ) v Juventus ( 3 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Sampdoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All-conquering Juventus field their most recent signing , Portuguese defender Dimas , while Alessandro Del Piero and Croat Alen Boksic lead the attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Alen Boksic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "Portuguese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Alessandro Del Piero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 112]}, {"entity": "Croat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Dimas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new world club champions may prove too strong for a Sampdoria side led by captain Roberto Mancini but missing injured French midfielder Pierre Laigle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Mancini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Sampdoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Pierre Laigle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vicenza ( 1 ) v Internazionale ( 2 ) 1330", "entity": [{"entity": "Vicenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Internazionale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not exactly a clash of the titans but an intriuguing match nonetheless .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full strength Vicenza , led by Uruguayan Marcelo Otero , may continue their surprise run at the top against an Inter side that has been less than impressive in three successive home draws .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcelo Otero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Vicenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Uruguayan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Inter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inter will be without suspended French defender Joceyln Angloma and injured Chilean striker Ivan Zamorano .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chilean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Ivan Zamorano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Joceyln Angloma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Inter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BASKETBALL - EUROLEAGUE RESULT .", "entity": [{"entity": "EUROLEAGUE", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRUSSELS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BRUSSELS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of a EuroLeague basketball match on Thursday :", "entity": [{"entity": "EuroLeague", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Charleroi :", "entity": [{"entity": "Charleroi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charleroi ( Belgium ) 75 Estudiantes Madrid ( Spain ) 82 ( 34-35 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Estudiantes Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Charleroi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading scorers :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charleroi - Eric Cleymans 18 , Ron Ellis 18 , Jacques Stas 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Stas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Eric Cleymans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Ron Ellis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Charleroi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estudiantes - Harper Williams 20 , Chadler Thompson 17 , Juan Aisa 14", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan Aisa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Harper Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "Chadler Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Estudiantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Belgrade :", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partizan Belgrade ( Yugoslavia ) 78 Kinder Bologna ( Italy ) 70 ( halftime 44-35 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Partizan Belgrade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Kinder Bologna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partizan - Dejan Koturovic 21", "entity": [{"entity": "Dejan Koturovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "Partizan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinder - Zoran Savic 18", "entity": [{"entity": "Zoran Savic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SQUASH - EYLES WITHIN SIGHT OF FIFTH TITLE OF YEAR .", "entity": [{"entity": "EYLES", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOMBAY , India 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BOMBAY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World number two Rodney Eyles moved within sight of his fifth title of the year on Friday when he hurried in only 40 minutes to the final of the richest squash tournament outside the World Open , the $ 105,000 Mahindra International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney Eyles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "World Open", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "Mahindra International", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [210, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Australian brushed aside unseeded Englishman Mark Cairns 15-7 15-6 15-8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Cairns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Englishman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Top-seeded Eyles now meets titleholder Peter Nicol of Scotland who overcame Simon Parke of England 15-7 15-12 15-12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Peter Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Eyles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "Simon Parke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicol was full of praise for his opponent who has battled testicular cancer to return to the circuit . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's a remarkably courageous player , \" said Nicol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SQUASH - MAHINDRA INTERNATIONAL SEMIFINAL RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAHINDRA INTERNATIONAL", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of semifinals in the Mahindra International squash tournament on Friday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahindra International", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter Nicol ( Scotland ) beat Simon Parke ( England ) 15-7 15-12 15-12 Rodney Eyles ( Australia ) beat Mark Cairns ( England ) 15-7 15-6 15-8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Peter Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Simon Parke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Mark Cairns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Rodney Eyles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Final : Nicol v Eyles , on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Eyles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GUNMEN KILL FOUR IN S.AFRICA 'S ZULU PROVINCE .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZULU", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "S.AFRICA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DURBAN , South Africa 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "DURBAN", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least four people have been shot dead in two suspected political attacks in South Africa 's volatile Zulu heartland , police said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Zulu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A police spokesman said two youths believed to be supporters of President Nelson Mandela 's African National Congress ( ANC ) had been killed when unknown gunmen opened fire at the rural settlement of Izingolweni on KwaZulu-Natal province 's south coast on Thursday night .", "entity": [{"entity": "KwaZulu-Natal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 229]}, {"entity": "Nelson Mandela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "ANC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "Izingolweni", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 212]}, {"entity": "African National Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The victims were 18 and 20 , he said , adding one other youth had been wounded in the shooting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another attack , also on the province 's south coast on Thursday night , two men were shot dead near Umkomaas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Umkomaas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We suspect that these killings are linked to politics , \" spokesman Bala Naidoo told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Bala Naidoo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There had been no arrests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The killings came just hours after violence monitors said they were not optimistic of a peaceful festive season in KwaZulu-Natal and pointed the south coast region where 18 people were massacred last Christmas as one of potential hot spots .", "entity": [{"entity": "KwaZulu-Natal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said the recent lull in political feuding could be upset as thousands of migrant workers , some tense with grudges brewed in the cities and keen to settle old scores , flock back to their home villages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 14,000 people have lost their lives in over a decade of political turf wars between the ANC and Zulu Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi 's Inkatha Freedom Party in the province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "Zulu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "Inkatha Freedom Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 162]}, {"entity": "ANC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HAVEL PRAISES CZECH NATIVE ALBRIGHT AS FRIEND .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAVEL", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "CZECH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "ALBRIGHT", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Klara Gajduskova", "entity": [{"entity": "Klara Gajduskova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRAGUE 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "PRAGUE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Czech President Vaclav Havel on Friday welcomed the appointment of Madeleine Albright , who is of Czech extraction , as the United States ' first woman Secretary of State .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vaclav Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Madeleine Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 85]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a statement Havel , who is recovering from cancer surgery , said : \" Madeleine Albright is a distinguished friend , a tested diplomat , and a true American of fine origins . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "Madeleine Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I look forward to continuing our good relations ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with the United States and with the first woman ever to hold the position of Secretary of State .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wish her well , \" Havel said in a statement to Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Havel , who helped lead the \" velvet revolution \" that ousted the Communist regime in Prague in 1989 , invited Albright , then working for a private foreign policy think tank , to advise his new democratic government in 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Prague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Havel had a small malignant tumour removed from his lung on Monday and is recovering in hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albright , born Marie Korbelova to a Czechoslovak diplomat in 1937 , fled with her family to the United States after the Communists came to power in a coup in 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Czechoslovak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Marie Korbelova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Communists", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an academic , Albright studied and lectured on Europe 's 20th century problems before becoming U.S. ambassador to the United Nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Czech diplomats , seeking to have their country included in the expected expansion of NATO , praised the selection of Albright , known to be a strong supporter of alliance 's integration of former Soveit-bloc countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soveit-bloc", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 208]}, {"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The nomination ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a clear signal that one key of the lines of foreign policy will be the strengthening of the trans-Atlantic cooperation , a creation of strategic partnership between Europe and the US , \" Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josef Zieleniec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 222]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 235]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "trans-Atlantic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" ( Albright ) is a convinced advocate of NATO enlargement and of stabilisation of security structures . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Czech ambassador to the United Nations , Karel Kovanda , told the daily Mlada Fronta Dnes that Albright \" is a little light in our diplomatic heaven , \" but warned against expecting her to exert any influence in favour of the Czechs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czechs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Karel Kovanda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Mlada Fronta Dnes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RADIO ROMANIA AFTERNOON HEALINES AT 4 PM .", "entity": [{"entity": "RADIO ROMANIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radio Romania news headlines :", "entity": [{"entity": "Radio Romania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* The Democratic Convention signed an agreement on government and parliamentary support with its coalition partners the Social Democratic Union and the Hungarian Democratic Union ( UDMR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungarian Democratic Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 178]}, {"entity": "Democratic Convention", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 27]}, {"entity": "UDMR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ceremony was attended by President Emil Constantinescu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emil Constantinescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* The three parties in the government coalition have committed themselves to a real reform of Romania 's economy , Constantinescu said after the ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constantinescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* The UDMR wants to contribute to social reform and economic revival in Romania , union leader Marko Bela said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marko Bela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "UDMR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* The international airport in Timisoara and the domestic airports in Arad , Oradea and Sibiu were closed due to fog .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timisoara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Sibiu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Arad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "Oradea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Bucharest Newsroom 40-1 3120264", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucharest Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CZECH VICE-PM SEES WIDER DEBATE AT PARTY CONGRESS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CZECH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturday 's national congress of the ruling Czech Civic Democratic Party ( ODS ) will discuss making the party more efficient and transparent , Foreign Minister and ODS vice-chairman Josef Zieleniec , said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech Civic Democratic Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "ODS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "ODS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "Josef Zieleniec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Modernisation and more profesionalism of the party 's structure , having financing of the party be more transparent ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are absolutely fundamental , \" Zieleniec , who is also vice-premier in the government , told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "Zieleniec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said after June general elections in which the ruling three-party coalition lost its parliamentary majority , the ODS executive , led by Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus , had developed proposals on these subjects to present at the congress on Saturday in the Czech second city Brno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brno", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [276, 280]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [258, 263]}, {"entity": "Vaclav Klaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "ODS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I am convinced , that the congress will tackle these proposals , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ODS , a party in which Klaus often tries to emulate the style of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , has been in control of Czech politics since winning general elections in 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Thatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "ODS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 147]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Klaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zieleniec in the summer led calls for the party and its leadership to listen to more diverse opinions , a thinly-veiled criticism of Klaus who has spearheaded the country 's post-Communist economic reforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "Zieleniec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "post-Communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [174, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party , led by the vigorously-confident Klaus , took 32 of 81 seats after late November runoff elections to the new upper house of Czech parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Klaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But after the first round vote a week before , the ODS had the potential to win as many 79 seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Klaus and his coalition lost its majority in parliament in June lower house elections after the left-wing opposition consolidated , putting the centre-left Social Democrats in a strong second-place position .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Social Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Prague Newsroom 42-2-2423-0003", "entity": [{"entity": "Prague Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "POLAND GOT MONEY FROM POST-WAR SWISS ACCOUNTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SWISS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "POLAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marcin Grajewski", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcin Grajewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WARSAW 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "WARSAW", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poland said on Friday that Swiss bank accounts , which in many cases belonged to Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust , were used in debt settlements between the two countries after the World War Two .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War Two", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 200]}, {"entity": "Holocaust", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign Minister Dariusz Rosati , unveiling first findings of a special government commission , said that in 1970s the then communist Poland received 460,000 Swiss francs from the accounts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dariusz Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In 1970s , Poland received from unclaimed accounts in Switzerland a sum of 460,000 francs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What was its right ( to the money ) ...I do not know , \" Rosati told a news conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Switzerland stands accused by Senator Alfonse D'Amato , chairman of the powerful U.S. Senate Banking Committee , of agreeing to give money to Poland from unclaimed bank accounts of Polish citizens , as part of an accord on compensating Swiss nationals whose assets had been seized in communist Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Alfonse D'Amato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [294, 300]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [236, 241]}, {"entity": "U.S. Senate Banking Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these citizens were Jews murdered during the war , when Nazi German invaders killed most of Poland 's 3.5 million Jews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Nazi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosati did not say whether the payment in 1970s was part of the 1949 agreement between Warsaw and Switzerland on compensation to Swiss citizens whose assets were seized by the Soviet-imposed communists authorities after World War Two .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War Two", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 233]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Soviet-imposed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I expect that the commission will finish gathering information within two to three weeks and then more details will be provided , \" Rosati said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosati confirmed that the 1949 agreement had provided for granting Switzerland about 53 million francs and most of this sum was repaid with coal exports .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said , however , that Switzerland did get about 16,000 francs from the so-called \" dead accounts \" as part of the compensation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" About 16,000 francs were seized from accounts of four or five Polish citizens , whose data we do not precisely know .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The issue is of moral and legal nature , because its financial significance is small , \" Rosati said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under pressure from international Jewish organisations , Swiss government has devised a plan to pay out millions of dollars in unclaimed bank accounts as a conciliatory gesture toward Holocaust victims .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holocaust", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conservative Radical Democrats ( FDP ) have said they would ask parliament next week to order Swiss banks to put some 40 million Swiss francs ( $ 31 million ) in dormant wealth into a fund earmarked for Jewish groups and charitable organisations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Radical Democrats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "FDP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [207, 213]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Swiss banks and the country 's Jewish community voiced doubts whether the plan would work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVIEW-ZYWIEC SEES NO BIG 97 NET RISE .", "entity": [{"entity": "INTERVIEW-ZYWIEC", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steven Silber", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Silber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polish brewer Zywiec 's 1996 profit slump may last into next year due in part to hefty depreciation charges , but recent high investment should help the firm defend its 10-percent market share , the firm 's chief executive said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Company President Jean van Boxmeer told Reuters in an interview on Friday that the firm , whose net profit fell 77 percent in the first 10 months of 1996 despite a 30-percent rise in sales , might only post slightly better profits in 1997 before having a chance to make a more significant turnaround .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Jean van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far this year Zywiec , whose full name is Zaklady Piwowarskie w Zywcu SA , has netted six million zlotys on sales of 224 million zlotys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Zaklady Piwowarskie w Zywcu SA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has produced 1.5 million hectolitres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Boxmeer would not say how much higher 1997 profits or market share could be but said sales of leading Polish brewers should rise as the country 's young urban professionals gradually switch from vodka to beer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The perspective on growth is such that reasonably we can think that somewhere between 65 and 80 litres per year is certainly reachable , \" van Boxmeer said on Polish per-capita beer consumption , currently around 40 litres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said the 65-80-litre level could be reached in the next ten years and make Poland , with its 40-million population , Europe 's third largest beer market after Germany and Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Boxmeer said Poland 's top five brewers , which produce about 55 percent of the country 's beer , could all raise market share as some of the numerous small brewers fall to competition from the large brewers with foreign investors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zywiec is 31.8-percent owned by Heineken while Carlsberg has the same amount in Okocim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okocim", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Heineken", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Carlsberg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier this year South African Breweries Ltd ( SAB ) bought strategic stakes in the unlisted Lech and Tychy brewers , which together hold more than 20 percent of the market , and Australia 's Brewpole BV has a controlling stake in Poland 's larges t brewery , Elbrewery Company Ltd. ( EB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "Elbrewery Company Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [261, 283]}, {"entity": "EB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [286, 288]}, {"entity": "Lech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "South African Breweries Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 45]}, {"entity": "SAB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [232, 238]}, {"entity": "Brewpole BV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "Tychy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Boxmeer said the tough competition had prevented Zywiec from raising prices in line with inflation , which had added to the pressure on the firm 's margins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said advertising costs would also increase in the fight for market share .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he said the company 's investment of more than $ 100 million already this decade , largely in production , would help position it to compete with such competitors as brewers from the neighbouring Czech Republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some analysts say cheaper but high-quality Czech imports could invade Poland once tariffs for CEFTA countries are lifted in 1998 , but van Boxmeer says such a threat might be exaggerated despite the Czech beer market 's overcapacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 204]}, {"entity": "Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "CEFTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I think Polish consumers in general are quite proud of their beers -- and I 'm speaking about all the brands -- and as we make good beers ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that this fidelity to our beers is a factor which can limit the Czech beers , \" he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Boxmeer said Zywiec had its eye on Okocim , which has said it would start producing Carlsberg beer next year , but that Zywiec 's potential production of Heineken was a medium-term possibility rather than a short-term one .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Heineken", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "Okocim", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Carlsberg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said his firm would be better off concentrating on its leading brand , Zywiec Full Light , which accounts for 85 percent of sales and is the country 's largest-selling brand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Full Light", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" You will not win the war of the Polish beer market with imported international brands , \" van Boxmeer said , adding that Heineken would remain an up-market import in Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heineken", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Boxmeer also said Zywiec would be boosted by its recent shedding of soft drinks which only accounted for about three percent of the firm 's overall sales and for which 7.6 million zlotys in provisions had already been made .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zywiec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Van Boxmeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Warsaw Newsroom +48 22 653 9700", "entity": [{"entity": "Warsaw Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HAVEL HAS TRAECHEOTOMY AFTER CONDITIONS WORSENS .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAVEL", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doctors performed an emergency tracheotomy to help Czech President Vaclav Havel breathe after cancer surgery on his lungs earlier this week , a spokesman said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Vaclav Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that the procedure to insert a device into Havel 's throat , done after his breathing worsened on Thursday , had helped , and the president 's condition significantly improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A worsening in the president 's lung functions took place yesterday , \" presidential spokesman Ladlislav Spacek said in a statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ladlislav Spacek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A tracheotomy was performed and supportive breathing was installed through the help of a breathing device , \" he said . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After these steps , the president 's condition signigicantly improved . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Havel has been recovering from surgery on Monday which removed a small malignant tumour and half of his right lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doctors after the operation said that they had caught the cancer early , and that Havel could fully recover from the surgery within six weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His spokesman said on Thursday that Havel , 60 and a heavy smoker , had also developed a slight case of pneumonia in the left lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UK-US open skies talks end , no date to restart .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK-US", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UK Department of Transport on Friday said that the latest round of \" open skies \" talks with the U.S. had ended with no deal on liberalising the transatlantic flight market and no date set for when talks would restart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Department of Transport", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 30]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for the DOT told Reuters \" We have had talks towards concluding a new air service agreement which would produce liberalisation ...", "entity": [{"entity": "DOT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "useful progress was made on a number of issues , but not all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No date has been set for further talks . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tambang Timah at $ 15.575 in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tambang Timah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LONDON 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "LONDON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PT Tambang Timah closed at $ 15.575 per GDR in London on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "PT Tambang Timah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It recorded the day 's low of $ 15.475 and the day 's high of $ 15.725 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It closed at $ 15.80 on Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One Global Depository Receipt represents 10 common shares .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Jakarta newsroom +6221 384-6364", "entity": [{"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Telkom at $ 35 in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Telkom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia ( Telkom ) closed at $ 35 in London on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telkom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It recorded the day 's low of $ 34.475 and the day 's high of $ 35.375 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its previous close on Thursday as $ 35.63 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One ADS represents 20 ordinary shares -- Jakarta newsroom +6221 384-6364 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woman charged over N. Ireland arms find .", "entity": [{"entity": "N. Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BELFAST 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BELFAST", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A woman was charged on Friday with terrorist offences after three Irish Republican Army mortar bombs were found in a Belfast house , police said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irish Republican Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police said the bombs were found hidden with incendiaries and ammunition that were blocked up behind a kitchen wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 35-year-old woman was charged with possession of explosives with intent to endanger life and making a house available for the purpose of terrorism , police said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She will appear in court on Saturday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her name was not released .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Security forces said the bombs may have been intended for use in a pre-Christmas bombing campaign by the guerrilla group that is battling to oust Britain from Northern Ireland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Britain sets conditions to clear American alliance .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edna Fernandes", "entity": [{"entity": "Edna Fernandes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The British government warned Friday that it would refer the proposed trans-Atlantic alliance between British Airways Plc and American Airlines to Britain 's Monopolies and Mergers Commission unless the carriers complied with a number of conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Airways Plc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 121]}, {"entity": "Monopolies and Mergers Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 191]}, {"entity": "trans-Atlantic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "American Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trade and Industry Secretary Ian Lang added that even if the conditions were met by both airlines , final clearance would hinge on an open skies deal between Britain and the United States to liberalise trans-Atlantic air traffic , which would create greater competition on the routes .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "Ian Lang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "trans-Atlantic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [202, 216]}, {"entity": "Trade and Industry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lang said he supported conditions proposed by Britain 's Office of Fair Trading , which was asked to examine the case last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Lang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Office of Fair Trading", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I agree ... that without suitable undertakings the alliance would be likely to lead to a significant loss of actual and potential passengers , on those routes where BA and AA currently compete and for all passengers on the trans-Atlantic market route between the UK and U.S. , \" he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "AA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [272, 276]}, {"entity": "BA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 169]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [265, 267]}, {"entity": "trans-Atlantic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [225, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His comments came just minutes after the latest set of open skies talks ended in London with no deal signed .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Industry sources said there was no new date for fresh talks and blamed the deadlock on uncertainty over whether the British Airways-American deal would be cleared .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Airways-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conditions for clearance of the alliance were that British Airways and American drop 168 slots at London Heathrow airport , the busiest in Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "London Heathrow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American 's parent , AMR Corp. , said it did not view the terms as a \" deal breaker . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "AMR Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it called the conditions \" more severe \" than those imposed by other regulatory authorities on similar airline alliances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British Airways 's initial response was that \" unconditional divestiture of slots is unprecedented and if done it must be on the basis of fair market value . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "British Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It added that it would be \" prepared to take reasonable steps to assist the introduction of additional competition . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government also wants British Airways to drop a clause in its agreement with USAir that bars it from competing on trans-Atlantic routes , and said both British Airways and American should be prepared to reduce services on the London to Dallas-Fort Worth route in the event that a new entrant wishes to enter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas-Fort Worth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [240, 257]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "British Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "trans-Atlantic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "British Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 171]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "USAir", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also suggested losing some slots on the London-to-Boston route .", "entity": [{"entity": "London-to-Boston", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Office of Fair Trade called for British Airways / American to allow third-party access to their joint frequent flyer programme where the applicant does not have access to an equivalent programme .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Office of Fair Trade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "British Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lang said responses should be made to the Office of Fair Trading by Jan. 10 , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Office of Fair Trading", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "Lang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Med oil products mostly lower as Elf strike ends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mediterranean oil products were steady to mostly lower on Friday after Elf refinery workers voted to end their nine-day strike .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas oil erased Thursday 's gains , plunging $ 5.50 a tonne in line with the screen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volume was very thin and market remained long , with premiums down $ 1 at about high cif quotes +$0.50 basis Genoa . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Genoa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sharp moves on the screen make everyone nervous , \" a trader said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trades were discussed in 0.2 , 0.5 and one percent heating oil into Syria and Lebanon and there were fresh inquiries from France and Spain for low sulphur diesel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest remains focussed on a tender by India for a second purchase of high speed diesel for January delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fuel oil lost ground sharply with weaker crude , but also suffered from some pricing pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High sulphur cracked fuel lost about $ 3 to $ 109-111 fob Med with several cargoes threatening to overhang the market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chance of material heading north , talked earlier this week , may be in jeopardy now since American fuel oil is expected to head transatlantic following outages at two coking units in the U.S .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [192, 195]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to 165,000 tonnes of fuel will have to find a new home and with the arbitrage from the U.S. to Europe open Rotterdam is a prime candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Rotterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low sulphur prices were lower with cif Med pegged in the mid to low $ 140s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gasoline prices fell after striking Elf refinery workers voted to go back to work , traders said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But an open arbitrage to the U.S. and tight Italian supplies after Elf scooped up Med material over the last week , continued to underpin prices into next week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Elf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New meningitis scare hits Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A boy has died from meningitis and a girl from the same school has contracted the disease in the second such scare to hit Britain in as many weeks , health authorities said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 16-year-old who attended Sale Grammar School in the northern England city of Manchester died less than a day after becoming ill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sale Grammar School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 15-year-old girl is also suffering from the disease and hospital officials described her condition as serious .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" At the moment there is no evidence the two cases are linked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we are assuming they are as a precaution for the time being , \" a spokeswoman said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more than 1,260 students at the school are being given antibiotics as a precaution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wales grappled with its own cluster of meningitis cases on a university campus in Cardiff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least two people have died and hundreds have been vaccinated in an effort to contain the virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Scotland , eight people have died and hundreds more are fighting a widespread food-poisoning outbreak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A health authority spokeswoman said 78 people suspected of having the disease , including 64 confirmed cases , were still being treated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three were listed in poor condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 290 people have reported symptoms in Lanarkshire county , the worst-hit area , since the outbreak first came to light after people ate tainted meat pies at a pensioners ' lunch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanarkshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major 's office-Conservatives still have majority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "office-Conservatives", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British Prime Minister John Major 's office said on Friday that rebel Conservative MP Sir John Gorst had not \" resigned the whip \" ( quit the parliamentary party ) and the government still had a majority in the 651-seat parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "John Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" He ( Gorst ) isreserving the right not to cooperate , but he has not resigned the whip .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government still has a majority , \" a spokesman from Major 's office in Downing Street said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "Downing Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gorst 's office said later the MP would not feel himself obliged to vote with the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said at one point during a press conference : \" I have seen my whip ( party manager ) for next week which , of course , does n't mean very much to me now . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before Gorst 's statement , Major had a one-seat majority in the 651-seat House of Commons lower house of parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "House of Commons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his formal statement , Gorst said : \" I am today withdrawing my cooperation from the government and shall not treat the \" whip ' as either a summons to attend the House of Commons or as placing me under any obligation to vote as advised . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Commons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 182]}, {"entity": "Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gorst resigned over a hospital closure in his constituency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic Data bags flight data contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Data", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information technology firm Electronic Data Systems said on Friday it had bagged a contract for the first air traffic control project being funded under the Private Finance Initiative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Data Systems", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a statement , EDS said the contract would be in the region of 50 million stg .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contract involved upgrading the flight data processing system at the Oceanic Control Centre in Prestwick in south west Scotland for National Air Traffic Services Ltd ( NATS ) , subsidiary of the Civil Aviation Authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "NATS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 176]}, {"entity": "Civil Aviation Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 223]}, {"entity": "Oceanic Control Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 95]}, {"entity": "Prestwick", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "National Air Traffic Services Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system is responsible for the control of aircraft flying transatlantic routes from Europe and North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system , which would use satellite technology , is scheduled to enter service in 2000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- London Newsroom +44-171-542 7717", "entity": [{"entity": "London Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RTRS - Cricket - Play restarts in Australia-West Indies match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia-West Indies", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "RTRS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Play restarted in the first World Series limited overs match between West Indies and Australia after a rain delay of 50 minutes on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "West Indies resumed their innings on 53 for two with opener Sherwin Campbell on 25 and Shivnarine Chanderpaul 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 109]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Sherwin Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rain earlier delayed the start of play by 30 minutes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Sydney Newsroom 61-2 9373-1800", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cricket - Pakistan beat New Zealand by 46 runs .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan beat New Zealand by 46 runs on Friday to take an unbeatable 2-0 lead in the three-match one-day series .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scores : Pakistan 277-9 , New Zealand 231", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manitoba Pork forward contract PM prices - Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manitoba Pork", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WINNIPEG 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "WINNIPEG", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manitoba Pork closing forward contract prices in Canadian dollars per hundred lbs ( Cwt ) for Dec 6 including minimum guaranteed price --", "entity": [{"entity": "Manitoba Pork", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONTRACT PREVIOUS CLOSE PM CLOSE PM CLOSING RANGE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATE PM CLOSE FIXED MINIMUM AT 1230 CST", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feb 97 79.94 79.67 75.55 77.01-81.80", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mar 97 76.37 76.12 72.02 73.47-78.24", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apr 97 74.13 74.69 70.59 72.04-76.81", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May 97 76.51 77.07 72.97 74.42-79.19", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jun 97 77.53 77.24 73.17 74.62-79.35", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jul 97 74.45 74.01 69.95 71.39-76.12", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aug 97 72.41 72.07 68.01 69.45-74.18", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sep 97 69.18 69.24 65.17 66.61-71.34", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oct 97 68.00 68.05 63.98 65.43-70.16", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nov 97 68.00 68.05 63.98 65.43-70.16", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note : Manitoba Government Price Index ( C$ per cwt ) -", "entity": [{"entity": "Manitoba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "C$", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dec 4 87.16", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manitoba 's Hog Price Range : 84.00-86.00 per cwt", "entity": [{"entity": "Manitoba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAN / U.S. DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE : 1.3570", "entity": [{"entity": "CAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Source : Manitoba Pork .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manitoba Pork", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ( Winnipeg bureau 204-947-3548 ) )", "entity": [{"entity": "Winnipeg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian West Coast Vessel Loadings - CWB .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Canadian Wheat Board reported six ships loading , 10 waiting and four due at the Canadian West Coast , as of Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Wheat Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The longest wait to load on the West Coast was 13 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two ship loaded in Thunder Bay , one waited and seven were due .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thunder Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two ships loaded on the East Coast , three waited to load , six were due .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Port Loading Waiting", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vancouver 5 7", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prince Rupert 1 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Prince Rupert", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ( Gilbert Le Gras 204 947 3548 ) )", "entity": [{"entity": "Gilbert Le Gras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York timecharter fixtures - Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No new fixtures reported from New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- New York Commodities Desk +1 212 859 1640", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Commodities Desk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York coal / ore / scrap fixtures - Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORE - Maritime Queen 70,000 tonnes Dampier / Kaohsiung 20-30/12 $ 5.25 fio 35,000 / 30,000 China Steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaohsiung", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Maritime Queen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "China Steel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Dampier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clean tankers fixtures and enquiries - 2321 GMT .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIXTURES -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WESTERN HEMISPHERE -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Danila 28.5 16/12 Caribs / up W224 Mobil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danila", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Caribs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Mobil", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- New York Commodities Desk , 212-859-1640", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Commodities", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dirty tanker fixtures and enquiries - 2317 GMT .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIDEAST / RED SEA -", "entity": [{"entity": "RED SEA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thai Resource 264 31/12 Ras Tanura / Red Sea W46.50 Mobil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mobil", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Thai Resource", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Red Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Ras Tanura", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEDITERRANEAN -", "entity": [{"entity": "MEDITERRANEAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lula I 85 25/12 Sidi Kreir / Augusta W100 Exxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augusta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Lula I", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Exxon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Sidi Kreir", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spetses 139 17/12 Sidi Kreir / Augusta W97.50 Exxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sidi Kreir", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Spetses", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Exxon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Augusta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesipia 77.5 17/12 Bajaia / Fos W105 Exxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "Mesipia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Bajaia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Exxon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYC Jan refunding has its 1st Euro floating rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYC", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Euro", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York City on Friday said that it planned a $ 775 million refunding for January that will include its first floating rate issue of taxable debt for European investors .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A city official , who declined to be named , explained that Goldman , Sachs , which this summer was demoted to the second tier of the syndicate , proposed the floating rate issue and as a result was promoted to book runner for this offering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goldman , Sachs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By selling the floating rate debt , the city hopes to establish a benchmark , the city official said , adding that it needed a large deal to accomplish this objective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city in late June sold its first issue of Euronotes , a strategy that it says saved it $ 500,000 in interest costs , and it has been trying to build on this strategy of expanding the pool of potential investors since then .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euronotes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November , New York City said it became the first U.S. municipality to offer bonds for sale in European markets by competitive bidding as it listed taxable bonds on the London Stock Exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "London Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The refunding planned for January also includes a $ 475 million tax-exempt offering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No specific date in January has been selected for the debt sale , the official added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Joan Gralla , 212-859-1654", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Gralla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "USDA gross cutout hide and offal value .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DES MOINES 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "DES MOINES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hide and offal value from a typical slaughter steer for Friday was estimated at $ 9.54 per cwt live , dn 0.05 when compared to Thursday 's value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- USDA", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wall St speculates about Santa Fe savior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall St", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brendan Intindola", "entity": [{"entity": "Brendan Intindola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homestake Mining Co tops Wall Street 's list as the most likely white knight buyer for Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corp if Santa Fe rejects unsolicited suitor Newmont Mining Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "Newmont Mining Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 172]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 113]}, {"entity": "Homestake Mining Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Santa Fe is so far mum on the more than $ 2 billion stock swap takeover proposal from Newmont , announced Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wall Street , since the bid , has speculated that any deal between Newmont and Santa Fe would be a \" bear hug , \" or a reluctantly negotiated agreement where the buyer is not necessarily a friendly suitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newmont said the companies have had previous contact , though declined to detail the encounters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts predict Santa Fe will go to the highest bidder , and that if a rival buyer is found , Newmont may not be able to match its offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said the Santa Fe deal , which includes desirable Nevada mining territory , would only payoff for Newmont longer term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newmont , in fact , will not benefit from the Santa Fe acquisition on an earnings basis for at least two years , which also limits its capacity to raise its offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any deal , friendly or hostile , would almost assuredly be a stock swap , which is necessary to preserve the tax-free , pooling-of-interest accounting , they said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts and arbitrageurs immediately ruled out Barrick Gold Corp and Bre-X Minerals Ltd as Santa Fe saviors because they are locked in negotiations over their splitting Indonesia 's Busang vast gold deposit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X Minerals Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 179]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "Barrick Gold Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Placer Dome Inc too was considered unlikley because it is focusing on geographic expansion in areas that do match Santa Fe 's Nevada , South America and Central Asia presence , they said .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Central Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 165]}, {"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Placer Dome Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Homestake spokesman was not immediately available to comment on speculation that it tops the list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Homestake", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homestake , based in San Francisco , operates gold mines in the United States , Australia , Chile and Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Homestake", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earnings in 1995 were $ 0.22 per share , or $ 30.3 million , on revenues of $ 746.3 million .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Santa Fe is headquartered Albuquerque , N.M. and reported 1995 earnings of $ 0.30 per share , or $ 40 million , on revenues of $ 350 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albuquerque", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "N.M.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Santa Fe has mining and exploration operations in Nevada , California , Montana , Canada , Brazil , Australia , Chile , Kazakstan , Mexico and Ghana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Montana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Kazakstan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PaineWebber analyst Marc Cohen said he lowered his rating on Newmont to neutral from attractive today because if Newmont merged with Santa Fe , investors would have to wait until the second half of 1998 to realize earnings accretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Cohen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "PaineWebber", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I think Homestake could come in as a white knight , but how much is someone willing to come in above the Newmont number .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "Homestake", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One would have to outbid by at least 15 percent , but there is going to be a ( Santa Fe ) deal with someone , \" he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Longer term , two to three years out , ( a Newmont-Santa Fe deal ) is positive , it does all the right things .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmont-Santa Fe", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in the near-term it is , at worst , neutral , \" the analyst added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newmont proposed to Santa Fe a stock-swap merger at a ratio of 0.33 Newmont shares for each Santa Fe shares .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Friday New York Stock Exchange trade , Newmonth was off 1/2 to 46-5/8 while Santa Fe added 1/4 to 15-1/8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "New York Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 33]}, {"entity": "Newmonth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Newmont said it wants to discuss a friendly deal with Santa Fe , which is almost always a euphemism for ' We have more money in our pocket , ' \" said an arb , referring to a possible sweetened bid from Newmont .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 9]}, {"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [204, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two other arbs called Newmont 's move a \" a 32 cent bid \" because there is no formal tender offer , only the proposal letter \" mailed \" to Santa Fe 's board .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Wall Street Desk , 212-859-1734 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall Street Desk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russ Berrie president to retire in July .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russ Berrie", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OAKLAND , N.J. 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "OAKLAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "N.J.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russ Berrie and Co Inc said on Friday that A. Curts Cooke will retire as president and chief operating officer effective July 1 , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russ Berrie and Co Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "A. Curts Cooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooke will provide consulting services to the company through July 1 , 1998 , and will continue to serve as a director , the toy and gift maker said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zimbabwe executes convicted murderer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zimbabwe hanged a convicted murderer on Friday , bringing to eight the number of executions carried out in the past year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A statement said Piniel Sindiso Ncube was hanged at dawn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piniel Sindiso Ncube", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Robert Mugabe 's government has resisted pressure from local and international human rights groups to abolish the death sentence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Mugabe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multinational commander going back to east Zaire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jonathan Wright", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAIROBI 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "NAIROBI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Canadian general in charge of a multinational force for eastern Zaire said on Friday he was going back to Zaire for more information about the plight of about 165,000 Rwandan refugees adrift in the countryside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Rwandan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lieutenant-General Maurice Baril told a news conference in Nairobi his main concern was for a large group of about 150,000 refugees living off the land in a valley about 65 km ( 40 miles ) west of the eastern city of Goma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nairobi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Goma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "Maurice Baril", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If he decided it was necessary and safe for the aircrew , he would not hesitate to order airdrops of food for the refugees , even against the wishes of the government in Kinshasa and the Zairean rebels who control much of eastern Zaire , he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinshasa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Tomorrow I 'm going into Rwanda and my intention is to go across into eastern Zaire and try to find out for the second time what the situation is on the ground , \" he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "Rwanda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General Baril saw rebel leader Laurent Kabila in Goma last week but the rebels told him the crisis was over because most of the Rwandan refugees have already gone home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurent Kabila", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Rwandan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "Baril", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Goma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rebels do not want the multinational force to deploy on the ground , for fear it might help the Zairean army regain control of the area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinshasa opposes airdrops , apparently because the food could fall into the hands of the rebels and their local supporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinshasa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian Defence Minister Doug Young said on Thursday that the multinational force would probably not have to make food airdrops or intervene militarily in any major way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doug Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It does n't look as though they ( airdrops ) are going to be required in any significant way because the NGOs ( non-governmental organisations ) are in that area on the border between Zaire and Rwanda , \" Young told reporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [186, 191]}, {"entity": "Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 212]}, {"entity": "Rwanda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [196, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But General Baril said it would be premature to rule out any course of action until he had more information .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baril", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We hope that if the front moves forward or stabilises then we will have access ( to the large group of refugees ) with reconnaissance or humanitarian agencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" If they ca n't move because they are too weak , then we will probably consider very seriously using air delivery means ( airdrops ) ...It 's complex , it 's dangerous for the air crew that fly in there and it will have to be absolutely necessary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it is necessary , I wo n't hesitate to use it , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked if he would disregard the objections of the Zairean government , he said : \" It would have to be in the last resort .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would have to mean that tens of thousands of lives are in danger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you think that I would have a conscience problem doing it or not at that time ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And my mandate is also under Chapter Seven to operate in eastern Zaire . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under Chapter Seven of the U.N. charter , the Security Council has wide powers to preserve peace and security .", "entity": [{"entity": "Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I know their ( the Zairean government 's ) position and I know it 's very delicate and we are very sensitive to their position also , \" the general added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He denied that his contacts , criticised by Kinshasa , with the Zairean rebels amounted to negotiations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinshasa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I do n't negotiate , \" he said . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I coordinate with those who are holding ground and that 's a wise thing to do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When we do n't know where the front is , we do n't know what the risk is . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baril said that apart from the group of 150,000 , U.S. and British reconnaissance plans had tracked two much smaller groups of refugees -- one of up to 1,000 north of the town of Masisi and one of up to 8,000 on the road from Bukavu west to Kindu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bukavu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Kindu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 246]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Baril", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Kisangani office of the medical charity Medecins sans Frontieres said on Friday that more than 100,000 refugees were trekking northwest from the Goma-Bukavu area and many of them were now in the town of Walikale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walikale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 215]}, {"entity": "Medecins sans Frontieres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 68]}, {"entity": "Goma-Bukavu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "Kisangani", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general did not mention these refugees , who are on the outer limit of the strip the planes have been checking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mauritius put on cyclone alert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PORT LOUIS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "PORT LOUIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mauritian authorities put the Indian Ocean island on cyclone alert on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Indian Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weather services office said the centre of the intense tropical cyclone Daniella was 570 km ( 310 miles ) north by northwest of the island on Friday afternoon and was moving south by southwest at eight km an hour ( four knots ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniella", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not threatening Mauritius directly , it is coming closer to the island and could change direction , it added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winds up to 75 km an hour ( 40 knots ) could blow over Mauritius during the night of Friday to Saturday , it said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weather in the capital Port Louis was heavily cloudy on Friday afternoon with occasional showers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Port Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The northeastern coast of the nearby island of Madagascar has also gone on alert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madagascar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.N. evacuates staff from Central African Republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABIDJAN 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "ABIDJAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Nations evacuated its staff in the Central African Republic on Friday because of mounting violence in a two-week-old army mutiny in the capital , a U.N. official said .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official from the U.N. refugee agency UNHCR said a chartered plane had picked up the staff from Bangui and was heading for Abidjan , Ivory Coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivory Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Abidjan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "UNHCR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senegal proposes foreign minister for U.N. post .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DAKAR 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "DAKAR", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senegal 's President Abdou Diouf said on Friday he was proposing his foreign minister Moustapha Niasse for the post of United Nations secretary-general .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abdou Diouf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Moustapha Niasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diouf announced his intention to reporters when he returned from the Franco-African summit in Burkina Faso where an African successor to Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boutros Boutros-Ghali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 176]}, {"entity": "Burkina Faso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Franco-African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Diouf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States has vetoed a second term for the Egyptian but left the door open for another African candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egyptian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" If Africa does not wish to lose its turn we have to act fast , \" Diouf said . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Diouf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [5, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of my brother heads of state asked me if I would n't nominate Moustapha Niasse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moustapha Niasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I see in him the profile of a secretray-general of the United Nations and I have given my endorsement . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex-minister , son killed in Central Africa unrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raphael Kopessoua", "entity": [{"entity": "Raphael Kopessoua", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BANGUI 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BANGUI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A former cabinet minister in Central African Republic and his son were abducted from their home and murdered in growing ethnic violence in the capital Bangui , a government minister said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 53]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With violence spiralling out of control , France voiced backing for the elected Bangui government but said its troops based in the former colony under defence pacts would not help it combat army mutineers .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" France cannot be involved in the domestic political debate , \" President Jacques Chirac told a news conference at the end of a Franco-African summit in Burkina Faso .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franco-African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Jacques Chirac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "Burkina Faso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" French troops may only take part in maintaining order to avoid major abuses and protect foreign communities , \" he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Public Service Minister David Dofara , who is the head of the national Red Cross , told Reuters he had seen the bodies of former interior minister Christophe Grelombe and his son , who was not named .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Dofara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Christophe Grelombe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 166]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Red Cross", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Witnesses said they had been seized by troops loyal to President Ange-Felix Patasse at dawn on Thursday when they clashed with soldiers staging a mutiny since November 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ange-Felix Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grelombe is from the Yakoma tribe to which most of the rebel soldiers belong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grelombe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Yakoma", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uprising began over pay demands but has turned into a campaign to topple Patasse , sparking ethnic violence and dividing the capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former minister and his son had been taken from their home close to the presidential palace , which is guarded by loyalist soldiers backed by French troops based in Bangui .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bodies were found on Thursday in an open field about two km ( one mile ) further away , said Dofora and other witnesses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dofora", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The men were seized as loyalist forces and French troops fought gunbattles with mutineers who fired rockets into the city centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A French-owned hotel was slightly damaged .", "entity": [{"entity": "French-owned", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yakomas are hounded in stronghold districts of Patasse 's Baya people while other tribes have fled areas in rebel hands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baya", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Yakomas", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roadblocks have been erected in city districts while central Bangui , which is patrolled by French troops with tanks , is deserted .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shops and businesses have remained shut this week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Franco-African summit decided to send a mission Bangui to seek ways of containing the mutiny and a threat of civil war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Franco-African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chirac said Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore would visit Bangui \" in the coming hours \" with the heads of state of Gabon , Mali and Chad to try and establish dialogue between authorities and rebels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "Blaise Compaore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "Mali", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "Burkina Faso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Chirac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Bangui", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutiny forced Patasse to miss the summit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His spokesman had predicted the meeting to send an assessment mission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patasse , who won Central Africa 's first multi-party elections , refuses to resign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Central Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Church-led meadiation attempts hit deadlock over rebel demands for his departure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soldiers staged mutinies in April and May , with French troops stepping in with tanks and helicopters to quell the more serious second uprising .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patasse offered concessions and amnesty to rebels before the May rebellion ended after rebels looted the city centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rebels accuse Patasse of tribalism and of arming his civilian supporters and hired guns from Sudan and Chad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "Patasse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Sudan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutineers have vowed to disarm all civilians and to chase out the foreign forces knwon as Codos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Codos", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hospital sources and witnesses said about 10 people were known to have been killed in the more than two weeks of fighting , including two rebels killed in Thursday 's clashes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An undetermined number of people are reported to have been abducted and killed outside the town by tribal vigilante groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Thursday 's fighting , French troops fired back as mutineers trying to break out of their strongholds rained mortar shells on the city centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five die as SAfrican crop plane hits pickup .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAfrican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JOHANNESBURG 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "JOHANNESBURG", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five people were killed when a crop-spraying plane preparing for takeoff crashed into a light delivery vehicle in South Africa 's North West region , state radio reported on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "North West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The freak accident occurred in Mafikeng on Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mafikeng", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pilot survived the crash , but the driver and passengers of the van were killed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WEATHER - Conditions at CIS airports - Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MOSCOW 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "MOSCOW", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No weather-related closures of CIS airports are expected on December 7 and 8 , the Russian Weather Service said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Russian Weather Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Moscow Newsroom +7095 941 8520", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skinheads attack Bratislava Rabbi - police .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bratislava", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRATISLAVA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BRATISLAVA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four skinheads attacked and insulted the rabbi of Bratislava , Baruch Meyers , in the city centre on Friday , but he escaped unharmed , a police spokesman told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bratislava", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 167]}, {"entity": "Baruch Meyers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A group of four skinheads attacked the rabbi , one kicked him in the hand but caused no injury , \" the spokesman said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" All four attackers were apprehended and two have been detained , \" the spokesman added", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was unable to give more details .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The further procedure is now in the hands of the local police investigator , \" the spokesman said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the second attack by skinheads in two years on Meyers , an American .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meyers was not available for comment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albanian jailed for threat of bomb suicide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albanian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIRANA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "TIRANA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An Albanian court on Friday sentenced a man who threatened to blow himself up outside President Sali Berisha 's office to 13 years in jail for guerrilla action and illegal possession of arms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sali Berisha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "Albanian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buza last April said he would blow himself up outside the presidential palace unless he was allowed to speak to Berisha , who was at the time meeting Italian President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Berisha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Oscar Luigi Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 188]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buza was overpowered by riot police less than one hour after he began his action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Evaluating all the conditions of the case the court thinks the sentence should be lower than the minimum ( 15 years ) , \" Tirana judge Qazim Gjonaj added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qazim Gjonaj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "Tirana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defendant denied the charges , saying his action was intended to urge the authorities to give him a $ 20,000 loan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical experts had concluded Buza was mentally unstable but fully responsible for the act he had committed , Gjonaj said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gjonaj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "Buza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polish ex-communist president to visit Pope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poland 's ex-communist President Aleksander Kwasniewski is likely to visit Polish-born Pope John Paul in early 1997 despite uneasy relations between the Vatican and Warsaw , the foreign minister said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Paul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Vatican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Aleksander Kwasniewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 55]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" President Kwasniewski plans to visit Italy on a invitation from President Oscar Scalfaro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kwasniewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Oscar Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A meeting with the Pope is also planned , \" Dariusz Rosati told a news conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dariusz Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosati said that the atmosphere of the meeting , if it takes place , would largely depend on the progress in talks on ratification of a treaty between Warsaw and the Vatican .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Vatican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "@", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratification of the treaty , which was signed in 1993 by the then right-centrist government , is being delayed by an ex-communist party , which won parliamentary elections in the same year and now dominates parliament .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party , the Democratic Left Alliance , says the agreement would give the Catholic Church too much influence over life in Poland and could infringe on rights of other religious groups and non-believers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Left Alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 40]}, {"entity": "Catholic Church", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relations with the Vatican have also been soured by a recent relaxation of Poland 's anti-abortion rules , which Kwasniewski signed into law last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vatican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Kwasniewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia warns Norilsk , not expected to liquidate it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lynnley Browning", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynnley Browning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian Finance Minister Alexander Livshits warned financially-troubled Norilsk Nickel on Friday that it must pay overdue taxes , but analysts said the firm would not be liquidated or that its would assets would be frozen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Livshits", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Norilsk Nickel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Norilsk really is a big debtor , both to the federal and regional budgets , \" said Konstantin Chernyshev , equities analyst at Moscow brokerage Rinaco Plus and a Norilsk watcher . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Rinaco Plus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 9]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "Konstantin Chernyshev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Livshits 's words are an attempt to put pressure on the company . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Livshits", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official Itar-Tass news agency quoted Livshits as telling parliamentary deputies that RAO Norilsky Nikel 0#NKEL.RUO had to pay its tax arrears and that bankruptcy procedures applied to the metals group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Livshits", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Itar-Tass", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "RAO Norilsky Nikel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" If it was an unsolicited statement and a bolt out of the blue , then it obviously means something , \" said Christopher Granville , chief economist at United City Bank in Moscow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "Christopher Granville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "United City Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But if it was a response to a deputy 's question that was essentially loaded , then it was the only answer he could have given . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian tax and cabinet authorities , under pressure from the International Monetary Fund to boost tax revenues as a condition for receiving payments of a $ 10 billion , three-year loan to Moscow , have been striking fear into the hearts of some of Russia 's most prominent industrial firms by saying they must pay up or face liquidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 89]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" They could freeze metal , but it 's not a long-term solution to the problem and would n't put money in the budget , \" Chernyshev said . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Chernyshev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think they would do that . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Entire social infrastructures in the icy Far North where Norilsk is based depend on the company , and Moscow has said it has no finances to resettle hundreds of thousands of people -- an expenditure which could far outstrip Norilsk 's debts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Norilsk officials declined to comment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts said the government , while anxious about Norilsk 's debts , is highly unlikely to bring the nickel , copper , cobalt , platinum and platinum group metals producer to its knees or take measures that could significantly affect output .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it also wants Norilsk , the world 's second-largest nickel producer , to clean up its act .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The procedure of bankruptcy will be applied , \" Tass quoted Livshits as telling Duma deputies about Norilsk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Livshits", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Tass", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Duma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It indirectly quoted him as saying Norilsk should first pay salary arrears , which in the past have led to worker strikes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is unlikely that Norilsk will pay these debts in the near-term -- the company will remain a debtor in the near future , \" Chernyshev said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Chernyshev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He estimated the company 's regional debts at least one trillion roubles and said 30 percent of the giant Krasnoyarsk regional budget was fuelled by Norilsk money .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krasnoyarsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Norilsk 's new majority shareholder , Russian commerical bank Uneximbank , has said it is reorganising metal exports through Interrosimpex in order to boost revenues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interrosimpex", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Uneximbank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the changes have yet to improve significantly Norilsk 's situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Uneximbank has inherited a mountain and whether or not they climb out and over it remains to be seen , \" said one metals source .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uneximbank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Norilsk said in September that it total debts , including unpaid salaries to workers , were 13 trillion roubles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norilsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company said last month that it had worked out a tax payment schedule with authorities , after regional tax officials threatened to seize some nickel and copper assets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Moscow Newsroom , +7095 941 8520", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estonian Tallinna Pank 11-mo net 46.6 mln kroons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallinna Pank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Estonian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TALLINN 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "TALLINN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tallinna Pank , one of the largest banks in Estonia , made a 11-month 1996 net profit of 46.6 million kroons , the bank said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallinna Pank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Estonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It said in a statement that it made profits of 4.5 million kroons in November .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bank made a profit of 20.1 million kroons in the first half of the year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tallinna Pank said its assets rose 17.8 million kroons to 1.84 billion kroons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallinna Pank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demand deposits rose to 855.8 million kroons from 834.6 million kroons and time deposits increased to 295.1 million kroons from 285.3 million kroons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Riga Newsroom , +371 721 5240", "entity": [{"entity": "Riga Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia ready for constructive work with Albright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia said on Friday it expected a constructive relationship with Madeleine Albright , nominated by U.S. President Bill Clinton to be Secretary of State .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "Madeleine Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 85]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interfax news agency quoted First Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov as saying Moscow was ready for \" most active and constructive \" work with Albright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Igor Ivanov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Interfax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he noted that policy would be shaped by Clinton and President Boris Yeltsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Boris Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinton and Yeltsin are due to meet next March for their first summit since both were re-elected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Our countries ' leaders have agreed to meet in March , 1997 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Russian foreign ministry believes the new directions in the development of Russian-U.S. relations will be worked out there , \" Ivanov told Interfax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian-U.S.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Interfax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Ivanov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interfax , outlining Albright 's biography , pointed out that she had defended Washington 's interests fiercely as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and that this had included actively supporting NATO 's plans to expand eastwards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [200, 204]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "Interfax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia opposes NATO 's plans to take in countries of eastern and central Europe which used to be part of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact , saying such moves would threaten its security .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Soviet-led", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Warsaw Pact", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeltsin plans return to Kremlin for Dec 25 - speaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kremlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian President Boris Yeltsin , who had heart bypass surgery a month ago , plans to return to work on December 25 , the head of the upper chamber of parliament told Interfax news agency on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boris Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Interfax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 175]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Today he is a mobile , energetic man with lots of colour in his cheeks , \" said Yegor Stroyev who met Yeltsin , 65 , on Friday at a country residence . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Yegor Stroyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He told me that he had lost 20 kg ( 44 lbs ) which is natural after such an operation . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "December 25 , a normal working day in Russia , is the fifth anniversary of Yeltsin 's arrival in the Kremlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Kremlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took over there , and took control of the red button controlling nuclear arms , in December 1991 when Mikhail Gorbachev resigned , marking the end of the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeltsin has been shown a few times on television since his quintuple bypass on November 5 but has yet to deliver any major television or radio address to the nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgeon Renat Akchurin who led the operation , told Itar-Tass news agency Yeltsin was working up to four hours a day at his residence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Itar-Tass", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Renat Akchurin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bomb explodes outside home of expelled Slovak MP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bomb exploded on Friday outside the home of a Slovak politician expelled from parliament after he quit the ruling party , complaining of a lack of democracy in the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official TASR news agency said the explosion blew out all ground floor windows of Frantisek Gaulieder 's family home in Galanta , western Slovakia , and damaged the main entrance , but no-one was injured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galanta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "TASR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Frantisek Gaulieder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaulieder , formerly a member of Prime Minister Vladimir Meciar 's ruling Movement for a Democratic Slovakia , was stripped of his parliamentary mandate on Wednesday after leaving the party last month in protest over what he said was a lack of democracy in the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaulieder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Movement for a Democratic Slovakia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 108]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Meciar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said he had been receiving anonymous death threats since making the move .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" This was an act of terrorism and now I fear not only for my own life , but also of that of my wife and children , \" he told TASR .", "entity": [{"entity": "TASR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaulieder 's family was sleeping in a bedroom at the back of the house and were unharmed by the blast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaulieder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not immediately clear who was behind the blast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bomb explodes at mosque in central Bulgaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOFIA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SOFIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bomb exploded on Friday at a mosque in the central Bulgarian town of Kazanluk , causing damage but no injuries , state radio said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bulgarian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Kazanluk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Violent crime has soared since the collapse of communism in 1989 as Bulgaria moves to a market economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bombings are often carried out by criminals to settle scores but the motive in this case was not immediately clear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some residents of the Kazanluk area are Moslems who converted to Islam during Ottoman Turkish rule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kazanluk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Islam", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Moslems", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority in Bulgaria are Christians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The radio quoted police as saying the blast broke windows and shattered the door of the mosque .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hungary o / n rates end up before Dec 10 tax payment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUDAPEST 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BUDAPEST", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hungarian overnight interest rates closed higher on Friday as market liquidity tightened before the December 10 social security contribution payment deadline , dealers said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungarian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The banks are already preparing for the December 10 tax payment , \" said Budapest Bank 's Sandor Tolonics . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Sandor Tolonics", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They expect a larger-than-average payment . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overnight market opened at 22.00 / 22.75 percent , then substantial money was taken up at 22.5 percent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But later , rates dropped and closed at 22.00 / 22.25 as a large bank finished borrowing money .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Thursday , overnight rates moved between 21.625 and 22.125 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dealers said liquidity could tighten further early next week as the social security contribution payments date approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Sandor Peto , Budapest newsroom ( 36 1 ) 327 4040", "entity": [{"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Sandor Peto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mexico stocks off lows but still hit by Greenspan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenspan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEXICO CITY", "entity": [{"entity": "MEXICO CITY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mexican stocks closed sharply lower Friday , but had made a tentative recovery as initial panic and volatility abated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It was Greenspan at first .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenspan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then once we saw the Dow ( Jones industrial average ) was not about to crash , some buyers stepped in , \" said a trader , referring to Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan , whose comments that assets were \" irrationally exhuberant \" upset financial markets worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Reserve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 150]}, {"entity": "Alan Greenspan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 174]}, {"entity": "Dow", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Jones", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blue-chip IPC index ended down 1.29 points , or 43.56 percent , at 3,333.05 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IPC", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volume was regular at 74.7 million shares traded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mexican stocks were also hurt by U.S. long bond rates which had begun to rise before Greenspan 's comments and were inflated by employment data released before trade began in Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenspan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yields on U.S. 30-year Treasury bonds were 6.51 percent when stock trading closed in Mexico , unchanged from Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the broad market , 107 stocks changed hands , of which losers well outnumbered winners by 75 to 13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traders noted the lack of blue chips or stocks traded at significant volume among the gainers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simec , the steelmaking arm of the debt-ridden Sidek group headed the losers , off 7 centavos ( 1 cent ) at 1.40 pesos ( 18 cents ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Sidek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sidek fell 4 centavos ( 1 cent ) to 95 centavos ( 12 cents ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sidek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traders also remarked that Mexican ADRs suffered in New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "ADRs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavyweights Telmex and Televisa ended off 25 cents and 75 cents , respectively , at $ 31.125 and $ 25.875 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telmex", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Televisa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Falling share prices in New York do n't hurt Mexico as long as it happens gradually , as earlier this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a sudden plunge that takes its toll , \" said Carlos Ponce , research director at Santander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santander", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Carlos Ponce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traders and analysts differed as to how firm the relative recovery on Friday was .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Some buyers stepped in , but the market was not very convinced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volume was lackluster , \" said one trader .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The market 's very healthy , we 're buying , \" said another trader .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ponce said shares were certainly attractively priced in Mexico , but would not appreciate until foreign buyers stepped in , which they had yet to do . '", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Ponce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plastic surgery gets boost in Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simona de Logu", "entity": [{"entity": "Simona de Logu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RIO DE JANEIRO 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "RIO DE JANEIRO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plastic surgery is booming , especially among men , as Brazilians spend much of their new-found wealth on the latest beauty treatments , said the organisers of a four-day international plastic surgery conference that opened on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazilians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of plastic surgeries in Brazil has jumped 30 percent to an estimated 150,000 this year since an anti-inflation plan was introduced in July 1994 , Farid Hakme , the president of the Brazilian Plastic Surgery Society ( SBCP ) , said .", "entity": [{"entity": "SBCP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 232]}, {"entity": "Farid Hakme", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "Brazilian Plastic Surgery Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 225]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of operations on men increased even more -- by 80 percent , from 8,000 in 1994 to 15,000 in 1995 , he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Brazil ranks right at the top for plastic surgery with respect to the number of surgeons , the number of patients , number of operations , number of conferences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our statistics are the highest for everything , \" Hakme said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hakme", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We believe the increase in plastic surgeries for men results from the difficulties in the job market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People need to have a more youthful look to compete in the job market , given the profound changes in Latin America 's economy . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A controlled exchange rate , trade liberalisation and tight monetary policies have also dramatically curbed inflation , making more money available for cosmetic surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazil has been at the forefront in plastic surgery for decades and is home to one of the most famous surgeons , Ivo Pitangy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivo Pitangy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 6,000 plastic surgeons there , of which 4,500 have qualified to be members of the SBCP .", "entity": [{"entity": "SBCP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every year , 500 new plastic surgeons graduate in Brazil and medical students from all over the world come to study there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hakme attributes Brazil 's fascination with plastic surgery not to excessive vanity but to the country 's mix and match of different races , which can create physical disharmonies . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Hakme", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What happens is the nose sometimes does n't match the mouth or the buttocks do n't match with the legs , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazil 's most sought-after beauty treatment is liposuction in which fat is sucked away from areas of the body , with about 30,000 operations a year at a cost of $ 3,000 to $ 4,000 each .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stomach tucks and breast operations are also popular since the tropical climate calls for flesh-baring fashions , but unlike women elsewhere Brazilians tend to have breast reductions and buttock implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazilians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The women who want to reduce their breasts here would probably want to increase them in the United States , \" SBCP Vice-President Oswaldo Saldanha said . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "SBCP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Oswaldo Saldanha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beauty ideals and cultures are different in every country . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plastic surgery scares like the case in which Brazilian model Claudia Liz fell into a coma after being anaesthetised for a liposuction in October are not much of a deterrent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claudia Liz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saldanha said operations fell 30 percent immediately after that case but the rate was back to normal now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saldanha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily Argentine grain fixings - Camaras Arbitrales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUENOS AIRES 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BUENOS AIRES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avg December 5 price fix :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buenos Aires Quequen Rosario Bahia Blanca", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Bahia Blanca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Rosario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Quequen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oats unq unq unq unq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wheat 121 130 121.3 121", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maize ( Flint ) 113 114 113.7 112", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maize ( Dent ) 113 114 113.7 112", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sorghum unq unq unq unq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Millet unq unq 90 unq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soybeans 283 unq 283 unq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sunseeds 219 216 220 216", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Buenos Aires Newsroom +541 318-0655", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mexican daily port , shipping update for Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEXICO CITY 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "MEXICO CITY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All major ports were open as of 1000 local / 1600 GMT , the Communications and Transportation Ministry said in a daily update .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Communications and Transportation Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tampico port authorities said fishing restrictions were in place in an area adjacent to the port because of a geophysical study being carried out in deep waters of the region from the ship Kenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenda", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 194]}, {"entity": "Tampico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ministry updated port conditions and shipping warnings for the Gulf of Mexico , Caribbean and Pacific Coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf of Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Pacific Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Pacific Coast :", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Light rains along the coast of southern Baja California and Sinaloa , with the rest of the coast seeing clear skies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sinaloa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "Baja California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winds from the northeast of 10 to 15 knots ( 19 to 28 kilometers / 11 to 17 miles per hour ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new front is seen emerging during the course of Friday , affecting the north of the Baja California peninsula and Sonora state , bringing lower temperatures , light rains and waves up to six feet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sonora", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "Baja California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Gulf of Mexico :", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf of Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cold front bringing light rains to the coast of Tamaulipas , but with the rest of the Gulf in clear skies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Tamaulipas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winds from the northeast at 10 to 15 knots ( 19 to 28 kilometers / 11 to 17 miles per hour ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Caribbean :", "entity": [{"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tropical air carrying sporadic light rains over the coast of Quintana Roo state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quintana Roo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winds from the northeast at 10 to 15 knots with waves three to five feet high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Chris Aspin , Mexico City newsroom +525 728-7903", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Chris Aspin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazil exam cheats caught using \" pager \" watches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazilian students have been caught cheating in university entrance exams by using digital watches which gave the correct answers to test questions , a newspaper said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rio de Janeiro state university officials discovered students were paying 15,000 reais ( $ 14,563 ) for the special watches , which operated like a telephone pager to receive correct answers , O Globo said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rio de Janeiro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "O Globo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy-seven students were found with the watches and disqualified , O Globo said .", "entity": [{"entity": "O Globo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chile , Mexico to seek to broaden trade deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SANTIAGO 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "SANTIAGO", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chile and Mexico will start negotiations next year to broaden their free trade agreement to include services and investments , Finance Minister Eduardo Aninat said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduardo Aninat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "Finance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chile hopes to broaden the treaty signed in 1994 beyond reduction of tariffs on imports and exports and add provisions covering services and investment codes , said Aninat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Aninat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both areas tend to more laden with friction in free trade negotiations than tariff reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' ' In January or February , we 'll have some very close contacts with Mexico to add the issue of services and advance on the issue of investments , ' ' Aninat told reporters after signing a free trade deal with Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aninat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [212, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' ' We want to give the treaty between Mexico and Chile greater depth and coverage than it has now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's very good now , but it practically only covers trade in goods , ' ' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aninat also said he was confident the Chilean Congress would ratify the treaty with Congress quickly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aninat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Chilean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' ' The reactions from business and unions which I have seen have been almost unanimously positive , so I do n't see any problem , ' ' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Roger Atwood , Santiago newsroom +56-2-699-5595 x211", "entity": [{"entity": "Santiago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Roger Atwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indonesia 's Belo leaves for Nobel award ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DILI , East Timor 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "East Timor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "DILI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East Timorese Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Belo left Dili on Friday on his way to Norway for the awards ceremony as co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dili", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Carlos Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Roman Catholic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "East Timorese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Witnesses said Belo left the territory for the Indonesian capital Jakarta accompanied by five other people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not immediately known when he would arrive in Oslo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oslo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bishop will jointly receive the Nobel award next Tuesday with East Timorese-born activist Jose Ramos Horta , who lives in self-exile in Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Timorese-born", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "Jose Ramos Horta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Nobel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Indonesian government has condemned the inclusion of Ramos Horta in the award , and Foreign Minister Ali Alatas said on Friday that Indonesia would not be represented officially at the ceremony in the Norwegian capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 214]}, {"entity": "Ali Alatas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Ramos Horta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I sincerely believe that this unfortunate choice in giving the honour to such a controversial figure as Ramos Horta ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramos Horta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "will exacerbate the problem in finding a solution ( to East Timor ) , \" Alatas said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Timor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Alatas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was responding to questions at a news conference called to discuss next week 's ministerial meeting of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference ( OIC ) in Jakarta .", "entity": [{"entity": "OIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "Organisation of the Islamic Conference", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 148]}, {"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ramos Horta has been a vocal leader of the opposition to Jakarta 's rule in the territory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramos Horta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belo and Ramos Horta were awared the prize for their efforts to secure a peaceful solution to the issue of East Timor , a former Portuguese colony which Indonesia invaded in 1975 and annexed the following year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramos Horta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Portuguese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "East Timor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Nations has never recognised Jakarta 's move .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alatas said the government 's position on the Nobel Peace Prize would have been different if it had been awarded solely to Belo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Alatas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked if the Indonesian ambassador to Norway would have attended the ceremony if only Belo had been involved , Alatas replied : \" Probably , yes , but that is a hypothetical question . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Alatas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alatas said on Tuesday that on his way back from Oslo , Belo would visit the Vatican to see the Pope , and would also meet German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in Bonn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Helmut Kohl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "Oslo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Bonn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Alatas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Vatican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kohl had wanted to meet Belo during the chancellor 's official visit to Indonesia last month , but the bishop was too busy in East Timor to come to Jakarta .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Timor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "Kohl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China to open port in Hainan to foreign ships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hainan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BEIJING 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BEIJING", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's State Council , or cabinet , has given a port in the southern province of Hainan permission to open to foreign vessels , the Xinhua news agency said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hainan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua did not say when Qinglan port in Wenchang city would be opened to foreign vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qinglan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Wenchang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wenchang has built a berth for 5,000 deadweight-tonne container ships at the port and invested 34 million yuan ( $ 4.1 million ) to dredge the harbour , Xinhua said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "Wenchang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It gave no further details .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( $ 1 = 8.3 yuan )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Government disperses protest with water cannons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RANGOON 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "RANGOON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Burmese troops and riot police moved in to disperse a student street protest at a suburban road junction near the Ranyon ( Rangoon ) University early on Saturday , witnesses said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ranyon ( Rangoon ) University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 143]}, {"entity": "Burmese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said police and troops used water cannons from fire engines to subdue about 120 university students sitting in at the centre of the junction at about 3 a.m. before they moved in to round them up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The students , who had staged an 11-hour protest at the junction in northern Rangoon , were taken away in three vehicles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The witnesses said some of the students were hit with batons while they were herded onto the vehicles and it was believed they were taken to the Insein prison in suburban Rangoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insein", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protesting students , mostly from Rangoon University , were demanding the right to organise independent unions on campuses and the release of about 80 student leaders currently in jail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rangoon University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were among 500 students who started demonstrating at the intersection on late Friday afternoon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protest was the second major one in five days in the capital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Burmese students march briefly out of campus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burmese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vithoon Amorn", "entity": [{"entity": "Vithoon Amorn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RANGOON 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "RANGOON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 200 Burmese students marched briefly from troubled Yangon Institute of Technology in northern Rangoon on Friday towards the University of Yangon six km ( four miles ) away , and returned to their campus , witnesses said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yangon Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 87]}, {"entity": "University of Yangon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "Burmese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven truckloads of armed riot police and three fire engines were on standby at one of the junctions near the institute .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no clashes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" They are now back in the YIT campus , \" an institute official who declined to be identified told Reuters by telephone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "YIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of two roads leading to the University of Yangon from the institute had been closed by authorities .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Yangon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But about 300 university students were still gathered outside the gates of their campus , witnesses said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were singing peacefully .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Monday and Tuesday , students from the institute and the university launched protests against what they said was unfair handling by police of a brawl between some of their colleagues and restaurant owners in October .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Tuesday and Wednesday , opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was restricted to her home by the military government to prevent her from being drawn into the protests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was allowed to move freely on Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protest culminated at dawn on Tuesday with several hundred students being detained briefly by police in central Rangoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The street protests were the biggest seen in the capital since the student-led pro-democracry demonstrations of September 1988 when the junta crushed the uprising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thousands were killed or imprisoned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier on Friday some of the students , who were held briefly by police during the protests earlier this week , said they were still dissatisfied with the military government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They told Reuters they were unhappy that the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council ( SLORC ) had not heeded their calls for the right to organise independent unions on campus .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLORC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "State Law and Order Restoration Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 91]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We still want government answers to our demands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We want police punishment to be published in newspapers , \" one student said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the students stressed their protests were non-political and they had no contact with Suu Kyi 's National League for Democracy ( NLD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "National League for Democracy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 129]}, {"entity": "NLD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suu Kyi , a Nobel laureate and daughter of independence hero Aung San , and key NLD officials have also denied any link with the students .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "NLD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "Aung San", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Nobel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they have said both parties had a \" moral link \" in that they were against police brutality and injustice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The students also demanded the government announce punishments meted out to policemen who they said had manhandled students involved in a brawl with some restaurant owners near the Yangon institute in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yangon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The students appealed to the government not to close the institute because of their latest demonstration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The institute was shut for nearly two years after the 1988 uprising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Friday , the road leading to Suu Kyi 's lakeside residence in central Rangoon remained closed by police .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Union leaders outraged by WTO snub to ILO head .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SINGAPORE 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SINGAPORE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International trade union leaders on Friday expressed outrage that the head of the International Labour Organisation ( ILO ) had been barred from speaking at next week 's WTO meeting in Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "International Labour Organisation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 116]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bill Jordan , general secretary of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ( ICFTU ) , told a news conference the withdrawal of a WTO invitation to ILO director general Michel Hansenne was \" outrageous behaviour on the part of an organisation that wants to command respect in the world \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "Bill Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "International Confederation of Free Trade Unions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 87]}, {"entity": "ICFTU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Michel Hansenne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 197]}, {"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jordan said a small group of developing nations that oppose linking trade talks and labour conditions had pressured World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) officials to prevent Hansenne from taking the platform to urge such links .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Trade Organisation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 140]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is to their shame that those who are responsible for encouraging this meeting responded ( to the pressure ) in silencing him , \" Jordan said after the opening of an ICFTU conference on international labour standards and trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICFTU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 175]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three-day trade union conference in Singapore hopes to push labour issues onto the WTO agenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jordan said the WTO 's credibility was at stake over the issue of trade and labour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ICFTU said it wanted the WTO conference beginning on Monday to outlaw forced and child labour , end discrimination in hiring , and guarantee the right to join a union .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICFTU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bill Brett , chairman of the ILO Workers Group , told Reuters before the news conference he was \" not too surprised , but very disappointed \" that the speaking invitation had been withdrawn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Brett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "ILO Workers Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Some governments are very determined to stop the issue ( of trade and labour rights ) being discussed , \" he said , adding that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) seemed particularly hostile to the ILO agenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [218, 221]}, {"entity": "ASEAN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ASEAN groups Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines , Singapore , Thailand and Vietnam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "ASEAN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Brunei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ILO wants a trade and labour rights \" social clause \" included in the final ministerial statement issued by WTO leaders at the end of the meeting , the organization 's first ministerial-level gathering .", "entity": [{"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking to ICFTU delegates , Richard Eglin , director of the WTO secretariat , said the WTO was capable of making a significant contribution to governmental efforts to solve social problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Eglin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "ICFTU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he said the WTO 's organisational structure made it difficult to impose on its members a social clause such as that called for by the ILO .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "ILO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indian rubber demand seen outstripping production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indian rubber demand is seen outpacing local production in the 1996/97 April / March season and the trend will persist way into the next century , the chairman of the Rubber Board of India said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rubber Board of India", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 188]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K.J. Matthew said at the Asia Rubber Markets meeting here Indian production of natural rubber in 1996/97 will reach 547,000 tonnes against projected demand of 578,000 tonnes , a gap of 31,000 tonnes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "K.J. Matthew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Asia Rubber Markets meeting", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For synthetic rubber , production reached 68,200 tonnes in 1995/96 while consumption in the same season hit 134,085 tonnes , Matthew added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Though schemes designed to realise further increases in the production of natural rubber are being operated successfully , the demand-supply gap is expected to widen , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indian synthetic rubber output is not expected to rise significantly in the next season but demand will rise to 145,000 tonnes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matthew estimates that by the 2000/01 season , the gap between natural rubber output and consumption will rise to 51,000 tonnes and 319,000 tonnes in 2010/11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural rubber production will go up to 695,000 tonnes in 2000/01 against consumption of 746,000 tonnes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010/11 , domestic demand should rise further to 1.233 million tonnes while production will only reach about 914,000 tonnes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One way to bridge the widening gap is to put more land under cultivation which the Rubber Board official estimates will reach 220,000 hectares between now and the year 2003 although Matthew said this may not be possible at this time in India .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "Rubber Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [236, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The development objective for the rubber plantation industry will be to increase production to the best extent possibly with a view to minimising imports of natural rubber , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Singapore Newsroom ( 65-8703305 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan 's authorities seen seeking to rein in dollar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "George Nishiyama", "entity": [{"entity": "George Nishiyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TOKYO 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "TOKYO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comments by Japan 's tight-lipped central bank chief and an influential top bureaucrat are further signs that the nation 's authorities want to keep the dollar at current levels , market sources said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a rare expression of a view on currencies by the Bank of Japan ( BOJ ) governor , Yasuo Matsushita was quoted in Japan 's leading economic daily on Friday as saying that he sees no further , immediate fall in the yen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yasuo Matsushita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Bank of Japan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This followed a widely watched television appearance late on Thursday by Eisuke Sakakibara , a high-ranking Finance Ministry official , who denied he had said he wants to guide the dollar lower to between 108 and 110 yen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finance Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "Eisuke Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But many in the market thought Sakakibara 's real intentions lay elsewhere , and took more notice of his comments about the U.S. government 's stance on the dollar , dealers said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I think his views on ( U.S. Treasury Secretary Robert ) Rubin 's comments were indeed what he himself thinks about the dollar , \" said Hank Note , chief dealer at Sumitomo Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Rubin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Hank Note", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Sumitomo Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 178]}, {"entity": "Robert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked about Rubin 's comment that a strong dollar was in U.S. interests , Sakakibara said the remark does not necessarily mean the United States supports a stronger dollar .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Rubin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It 's a strong dollar , not stronger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that sense , the comments are not pointing to a certain direction , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It shows that Sakakibara is not for a stronger dollar either , \" said Sumitomo 's Note .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sumitomo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Note", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takao Sakoh , first vice president at Union Bank of Switzerland in Tokyo , said : \" Maybe a dollar at 104.50 yen is not acceptable ( to Sakakibara ) , but it may be okay at the current level , at the lower end of 112 yen . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Bank of Switzerland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 63]}, {"entity": "Takao Sakoh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Market participants have kept a close eye on Sakakibara , chief of the ministry 's International Finance Bureau , as a comment he made in November after the dollar hit this year 's high of 114.92 yen pushed the currency down sharply .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Finance Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 111]}, {"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had said then that the market 's view on Japan 's economy was too pessimistic and that he believed it was stronger than the market thought .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dealers have come to refer to 115 yen as the \" Sakakibara ceiling \" for the dollar following the remark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adding to the comments by \" Mr Yen \" , as Sakakibara is known for his prominence in the currency market , was BOJ governor Matsushita 's remark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sakakibara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Mr Yen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Matsushita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The recent level of the yen exchange rate has been stable , and it does not appear to be moving towards a further depreciation of the yen immediately , so import prices are likely to stabilise at current levels , \" Matsushita said in an interview with the Nihon Keizai Shimbun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nihon Keizai Shimbun", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [258, 278]}, {"entity": "Matsushita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The fact that he touched on the issue of inflation triggered by import prices shows that the BOJ does not want a further depreciation of the yen , past 115 yen , \" said Yasuhito Kawashima , chief forex manager at Toyo Trust & Banking Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toyo Trust & Banking Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [215, 238]}, {"entity": "Yasuhito Kawashima", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 189]}, {"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some said the central bank may have been concerned a weaker yen would lead to unfounded pessimism about Japan 's economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There was concern that foreign investors may sell Japanese stocks if the dollar goes above 115 yen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BOJ does not want the yen 's weakness to lead to pessimism over the economy , \" said Taisuke Tanaka , market strategist with Credit Suisse in Tokyo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Credit Suisse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Taisuke Tanaka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senior BOJ officials have separately said financial markets ' views on the economy have been too negative .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I realise there are negative views in the markets about the impact of the consumption tax hike and drop in public spending , but the markets appear to be exaggerating the magnitude of the negative impact , \" a senior BOJ official told Reuters on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [219, 222]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consumption tax is due to raised in April from three to five percent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lebanon sentences pro-Israeli warlord to death .", "entity": [{"entity": "pro-Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haitham Haddadin", "entity": [{"entity": "Haitham Haddadin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BEIRUT 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "BEIRUT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Lebanese military court on Friday sentenced to death in absentia the commander of Israel 's surrogate militia in south Lebanon on treason charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The court convicted General Antoine Lahd , head of the South Lebanon Army ( SLA ) , of collaborating with Israel with which Lebanon is officially at war .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Lebanon Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Antoine Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lahd , a 69-year-old former Lebanese army major-general , heads the 3,000-strong SLA militia which helps Israel hold a border zone in south Lebanon to ward off cross-frontier guerrilla raids on northern Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lahd said a few days after the trial began on February 16 that Lebanese authorities must drop the charges or risk blocking any peace deal with the Jewish state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said Israel was capable of pressuring Lebanon 's Syrian-backed government to stop the legal pursuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Syrian-backed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charges against Lahd were : forming a hostile army , carrying weapons on Israel 's side , helping Israel strip off a part of Lebanese territory by violence , forming an armed gang , killing or trying to kill Lebanese civilians by artillery shelling and kidnapping Lebanese citizens for long periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [212, 220]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [268, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly before Lahd 's trial began , a Beirut military prosecutor charged another 89 former Lebanese army soldiers with collaborating with Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beirut", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No date has been set for the trial of the men , all members of the SLA living in the Israeli-held zone in south Lebanon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Israeli-held", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel and Lahd have repeatedly demanded safety guarantees for the SLA -- a mixed Christian-Shi'ite Moslem force -- which the Jewish states regards as loyal allies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian-Shi'ite", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel has said the Lebanese army must incorporate the SLA fighters into its ranks as an army brigade as a condition for peace .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Lebanese political analysts have said that would be out of the question and Lebanese authorities pre-empted the issue by taking legal action against Lahd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres , calling Lahd \" a great Lebanese patriot \" , said earlier this year Lebanon had insulted the SLA commander by ordering his arrest on the treason charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "Shimon Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peres , who was ousted in May by rightwing Israeli leader Benjamin Netanyahu , said there could not be real negotiations with Lebanon \" unless it will stop the maltreatment of the SLA and its commanders . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Benjamin Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Beirut military court also sentenced to life in jail in absentia Etian Saqr , former head of the pro-Israeli Guardians of the Cedars , a small rightwing Christian civil war militia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "Etian Saqr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Guardians of the Cedars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "pro-Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Beirut", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saqr , whose trial was concurrent with Lahd 's , was convicted of \" contacting the Israeli enemy , passing information to Israel and undertaking hostile acts against Lebanon \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "Saqr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Lahd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Texas / w Okla fed cattle market thin at $ 67 - USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okla", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMARILLO 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "AMARILLO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trade was slow in the Panhandle area Friday , USDA said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panhandle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter steers and heifers were $ 1.00 per cwt lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feedlots reporting moderate inquiry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sales reported on 8,200 head slaughter steers and 1,000 heifers ; following weekly movement of 71,200 head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note - all cattle prices based on net weights FOB the feedlot after a 4 percent shrink .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter Steers - Select and Choice 2-3 1150-1200 lbs 67.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter Heifers - Select and Choice 2-3 1050-1100 lbs 67.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confirmed - 9,300 Week Ago - None Year Ago - None", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ( Chicago newsdesk 312 408 8720 ) )", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "USDA daily cattle and hog slaughter - Dec 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Est daily livestock slaughter under Fed inspection - USDA", "entity": [{"entity": "Fed", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CATTLE CALVES HOGS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 12/06/96 ( est ) 132,000 7,000 359,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Week ago ( est ) 130,000 6,000 346,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Year ago ( act ) 132,000 6,000 336,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturday 12/07/96 ( est ) 38,000 0 18,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Week to date ( est ) 688,000 31,000 1,810,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Same Period Last Week ( est ) 601,000 26,000 1,547,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Same Period Last Year* ( act ) 685,000 31,000 1,914,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1996 Year to date 33,549,000 1,589,000 84,894,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1995 Year to date* 32,970,000 1,305,000 88,800,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percent change 1.8 % 21.8 % - 4.4 %", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "*1995 totals adjusted to reflect NASS revisions 1996 Totals are subject to revision Yearly totals may not add due to rounding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NASS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous day estimated Steer and Heifer Cow and Bull", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thursday 100,000 33,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BALANCE - Hartford , Conn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Hartford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", $ 11 mln .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CITY OF HARTFORD , CONNECTICUT", "entity": [{"entity": "CONNECTICUT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "HARTFORD", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RE : $ 25,000,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MOODY 'S : Aaa / A1 S&P : AAA / AA-", "entity": [{"entity": "MOODY 'S", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "S&P", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delivery Date : 12/16/1996", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FSA INSURED", "entity": [{"entity": "FSA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maturity Balance Coupon List", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2000 1,250M 6.25 4.10", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2001 575M 4.60 4.20", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2003 265M 4.40 4.40", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2004 625M 4.50 4.50", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2005 55M 4.60 4.60", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2006 145M 4.70 4.70", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2007 850M 4.85 4.85", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2008 1,200M 4.95 4.95", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2009 1,240M 5.05 5.05", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2010 1,250M 5.15 5.15", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2011 1,240M 5.25 5.25", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2012 1,200M 5.25 5.30", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2013 1,135M 5.30 5.35", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12/15/2014 850M 5.30 5.35", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total : 11,880M", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "State Street Bank and Trust Company", "entity": [{"entity": "State Street Bank and Trust Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prudential Securities Incorporated", "entity": [{"entity": "Prudential Securities Incorporated", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PaineWebber Incorporated", "entity": [{"entity": "PaineWebber Incorporated", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First Union Capital Markets Corp. - NJ", "entity": [{"entity": "First Union Capital Markets Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "NJ", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- U.S. Municipal Desk , 212-859-1650", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Municipal Desk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 years later , Florida man dies for killing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TALLAHASSEE , Fla. 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "TALLAHASSEE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Fla.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen years after he bludgeoned and shot a man whose trailer home he robbed in 1982 , John Mills Jr .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", 41 , was put to death in Florida 's electric chair Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Glenn Lawhon , a rural Florida minister who is the victim 's father , looked on , Mills was pronounced dead at 7:13 a.m. EST ( 1213 GMT ) for the murder of Lester Lawhon .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "Lester Lawhon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Glenn Lawhon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking in Arabic , Mills made a final statement before an anonymous citizen flipped the switch that sent 2000 volts of electricity through his body , said Department of Corrections spokesman Eugene Morris , who was present at the execution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Department of Corrections", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 182]}, {"entity": "Arabic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Eugene Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I bear witness that there is no God but Allah and I bear witness that the prophet Mohammed is the messenger of God , \" he quoted Mills as saying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "God", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "God", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "Mohammed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Allah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prison officials said they had no record of Mills ' official conversion , but they said that , on May 14 , 1991 , he had asked that a new name , Yuhanna Abdullah Muhammed , be added to his prison file , which is usually an indication of a conversion to Islam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islam", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [253, 258]}, {"entity": "Yuhanna Abdullah Muhammed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 170]}, {"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mills is the 38th person to die in Florida 's electric chair since the U.S. Supreme Court reversed itself in 1976 and legalised the death penalty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "U.S. Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prison officials said Mills made no special request for a last meal and did not eat the steak , fried potatoes and orange juice offered him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent Thursday with family members and his spiritual adviser , Morris said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mills was scheduled to die Wednesday but had his sentence temporarily postponed by the Florida Supreme Court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Florida Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Thursday , the 11th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals in Atlanta denied his appeal in federal court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "U.S. Court of Appeals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 1982 , Mills and accomplice Michael Frederick knocked on the door of Lester Lawhon 's trailer in an attempt to rob it , police said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lester Lawhon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Michael Frederick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lester Lawhon was taken to a nearby airstrip where he was bludgeoned with a tire iron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lester Lawhon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mills then fired two shots that killed Lawhon as the victim tried to run away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Lawhon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frederick is serving a 347-year sentence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York grain freight fixtures - Dec 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mana 50,000 tonnes soybeans USG / China 10-15/12 $ 23.50 10,000 / 4,000 GeePee .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iowa-S Minn fed cattle market quiet , no sales-USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "sales-USDA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Minn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Iowa-S", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter steers and heifers not tested , compared with Thursday 's close , USDA said .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trade slow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demand and seller interest light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Offerings light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steers - Select and Choice 2-4 no sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heifers - Select and Choice 2-4 no sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carcass Basis ( weight only ) Compared Thursdays Close - Slaughter steers and heifers not tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holstein - ( weight only ) Select to mostly Choice 2-3 1250-1400 lbs no sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holsteins - ( grade and weight ) Choice 2-3 1250-1450 lbs no sales Select 2-3 1250-1450 lbs no sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confirmed - None Week Ago - 800 Year Ago - 900", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wk to Date - None Week Ago - 800 Year Ago - 900", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ( Chicago newsdesk 312-408-8720 ) )", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Man stole pigs , tipped strippers , gets 10 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APPLETON , Wis .", "entity": [{"entity": "APPLETON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Wis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1996-12-06", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A farmhand used the proceeds from stolen pigs to lavish tips on dancers at strip clubs and offered one $ 3,000 to pay for breast implant surgery , authorities said Friday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sentencing Darrel Voeks , 38 , to a 10-year prison term on Thursday , Outagmie County Circuit Court Judge Dennis Luebke said he was \" a thief by habit . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Darrel Voeks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Dennis Luebke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "Outagmie County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" You are self-indulgent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are narcissitic , \" Luebke said at the sentencing , adding Voeks should pay restitution of more than $ 100,000 to the farming family who had hired him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Voeks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Voeks , who was already on probation for prior pig thefts , pleaded that he was trying to pay bills for his ex-wife and children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Voeks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the court heard that receipts showed much of the money went to dancers at strip clubs where he was known as a big tipper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One stripper said Voeks offered to give her $ 3,000 for breast implant surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Voeks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian grain statistics weekly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO , Dec 6 ( Reuter ) Statistics for the week ending December 1 in 000 's tonnes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Canadian Grain Commission", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Grain Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visible Supplies Farmers Deliveries", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curr Wk Yr Ago Curr Wk Yr to Date Yr Ago", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wheat 4320.2 3909.3 288.5 6278.9 5580.0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Durum 1168.9 1225.0 44.3 965.3 1069.6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oats 286.5 284.6 31.9 937.3 581.2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barley 1074.0 1104.8 178.0 2531.4 1897.1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rye 44.6 86.3 2.3 108.2 119.2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flax 165.2 181.9 14.9 231.4 332.9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canola 646.6 769.4 60.5 1902.0 2147.6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corn 79.6 163.5 9.4 95.7 252.0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total 7785.8 7724.8 629.8 13050.2 11979.6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exports Domestic Disappearance", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curr Wk YTD Yr Ago Curr Wk YTD Yr Ago", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wheat 387.4 4677.8 4553.6 55.2 1039.7 846.1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Durum 129.0 1515.9 1220.6 4.6 75.8 73.3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oats 40.0 561.0 391.9 4.8 149.6 115.0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barley 110.8 1203.4 506.0 48.2 941.0 786.6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rye 4.1 60.7 57.9 3.0 10.7 18.9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flax 7.2 154.1 235.7 1.1 22.2 15.7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canola 47.1 988.1 1135.5 46.7 894.9 822.0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corn 4.4 15.1 87.0 0.6 22.1 11.1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total 730.0 9176.1 8188.2 164.2 3156.0 2686.7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Statistics Canada indicated the following exports to the U.S. between August and September 1996 , in tonnes :", "entity": [{"entity": "Statistics Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oats Rye Flaxseed Canola Corn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exports 29,200 17,200 7,700 100 59,400", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Year Ago 47,000 24,300 8,700 8,200 12,200", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Chicago newsdesk 312 408 8720 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX natgas ends sharply lower on weather outlook .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX Henry Hub natgas futures settled significantly lower Friday , pressured early by profit taking and driven even lower late by the National Weather Service 's bearish six to 10 day forecast , sources said .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Weather Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "Henry Hub", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "January ended 29.7 cents lower at $ 3.487 per million British thermal units after dipping to a low of $ 3.46 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feb settled down 22 cents at $ 3.186 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most others also were down .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Weather forecasts have been sketchy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now the National Weather Service is calling for above-normal temperatures in more than half of the U.S. , \" one futures trader said .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Weather Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 32]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its forecast , the NWS said it expects above-normal temperatures \" over the lower 48 states \" from December 12 through December 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NWS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With more room to the downside anticipated early next week , traders said support in January was at $ 3.47 , then $ 3.35 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next backstops were seen at $ 3.11 and $ 3.04 , the low set on November 21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistance was pegged at the new contract high of $ 3.80 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the cash market , Gulf Coast prices were around $ 3.60 shortly before nomination deadlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midcontinent prices were similarly lower in the $ 3.40s. New York city gate gas slipped into the $ 4.40s , down almost 15 cents .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX said an estimated 35,662 Hub contracts traded , down from Thursday 's revised tally of 43,955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX Alberta natgas remained untraded , with January settling at $ 1.65 , off 10 cents from Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical prices for the weekend at the AECO storage hub were also down about 10 cents in the C$ 1.92-1.97 per gigajoule , or $ 1.52-1.56 per mmBtu range , pressured by unseasonably mild weather in western Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "C$", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "AECO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX Permian natgas , also untraded , ended 10 cents lower at $ 2.90 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Permian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In congruence with futures , Permian cash prices for the weekend fell more than 10 cents to the high - $ 3.40s.", "entity": [{"entity": "Permian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the KCBT , January finished 26.5 cents lower at $ 3.35 after dipping to a low of $ 3.33 earlier in the session .", "entity": [{"entity": "KCBT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "February was down 22 cents at the close , while other deferreds were 4.5 to nine cents lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The East / West spread narrowed by 3.2 cents to 13.7 cents ( NYMEX premium ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical prices at Waha for the weekend lost more than 15 cents to the low-to-mid $ 3.50s as milder weather moved into the Southwest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- H McCulloch , New York Power Desk +212-859-1628", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Power Desk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "H McCulloch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. barges lightly quoted on call session .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST. LOUIS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "ST. LOUIS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. barge rates were lightly quoted Friday on the St. Louis Merchants Exchange call session .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No barges traded versus no trades Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Two barges next week Illinois bid at a steady 130 percent of tariff , offered at 135 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- One barge , week of December 15 , lower Ohio bid 2-1/2 points higher at 105 percent , no offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two barges , week of January 5 , Illinois , offered five points lower at 195 percent , bid at 150 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Five barges , 30-day open , mid-Mississippi ( McGregor and south ) bid at 160 percent , offered at 170 percent , no comparisons .", "entity": [{"entity": "McGregor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "mid-Mississippi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- 36 barges , two each week May-August , Illinois , offered at 130 percent of tariff , no bid or comparison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- 36 barges , two each week May-August , mid-Mississippi offered at a steady 135 percent , bid at 120 percent ( basis one each week ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mid-Mississippi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Chicago newsdesk 312-408 8720", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBOT grain / oilseed receipts and shipments .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBOT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grain and soybean receipts and shipments , in bushels , at delivery locations for the previous trading day , according to the Chicago Board of Trade -", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Board of Trade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receipts Shipments", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wheat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicago 0 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St. Louis 21,346 0", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toledo 61,514 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Toledo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicago 78,056 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St. Louis 217,092 75,810", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toledo 285,505 561,287", "entity": [{"entity": "Toledo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oats", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minneapolis 306,364 153,231", "entity": [{"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soybeans", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicago 8,674 484,018", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St. Louis 253,821 223,172", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toledo 64,334 160,476", "entity": [{"entity": "Toledo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ( Chicago Newsdesk 312-408-8720 ) )", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Newsdesk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinton to have more news conferences in 2nd term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton aims to hold more news conferences in his second term and will have one Dec. 13 , the White House said Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The president had only two formal , full-blown news conferences last year , one in January and one after he won re-election in November , although he had various other limited sessions with the press .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White House spokesman Mike McCurry said Clinton \" plans to have regular news conferences \" during his second term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike McCurry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But when asked how frequent these would be , he was evasive , saying , \" periodic , occasional . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" He enjoys the give and take \" with reporters , the spokesman added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Action Performance to acquire firms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TEMPE , Ariz .", "entity": [{"entity": "TEMPE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Ariz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Action Performance Cos Inc said Friday it has agreed to acquire Motorsport Traditions Ltd and Creative Marketing & Promotions Inc for about $ 13 million in cash and stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Creative Marketing & Promotions Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 129]}, {"entity": "Action Performance Cos Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Motorsport Traditions Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two firms to be acquired have about $ 25 million in annual revenues from the design , manufacture and sale and distribution of licensed motorsports products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deal is expected to close by the end of the year subject to due diligence and other customary closing conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Half of dog bites provoked , says American vet .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As many as 1 million dog bites are recorded in the United States every year and half of them are provoked by humans , a veterinarian told fellow animal doctors on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Humane Society of the United States estimates that between 500,000 and one million bites are delivered by dogs each year , more than half of which are suffered by children .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Most bites can be prevented by teaching children how to respect a dog , \" Michael Cornwell of the Glencoe Animal Hospital in Columbus , Ohio , told the annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Cornwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "American Veterinary Medical Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 215]}, {"entity": "Columbus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "Glencoe Animal Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Let 's not let our kids jump on them or crawl on them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dogs and children do n't have to have an interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's respect their territories , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cornwell said 50 percent of reported bites were provoked by a person and 60 percent were suffered by children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cornwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also estimated that only 25 percent of bites were reported because medical attention was not needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Don Rieck , president of the National Animal Control Association , said aggressiveness in dogs was related more to gender than breed and a male dog that had not been neutered was three times more likely to bite than an unspayed female .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Rieck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "National Animal Control Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The five breeds credited with the most incidents were chow chows , Rottweilers , German shepherds , cocker spaniels and Dalmatians . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottweilers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "cocker spaniels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Dalmatians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "German shepherds", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trends in dog bites by particular breeds have more to do with fad pets owned by individuals who need to have something unique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking strictly of dogs , 15 years ago the macho fad pet was a Doberman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doberman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , Rottweilers are on the way up , \" Rieck said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottweilers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "Rieck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If approached by a stray dog , children should be taught to stand still with fists folded underneath the neck , elbows in , and gaze forward until the dog goes away .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iowa-S Minn feedlot cattle market not tested- USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Iowa-S", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steers and heifers were not tested , compared with Thursday 's close , USDA said .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reported sales for Fri- None .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Week to Date - None .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nebraska fed cattle roundup - USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Nebraska", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OMAHA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "OMAHA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter steers and heifers were not established Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demand limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seller interest light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thursday 200 Last Week Holiday Last Year N / A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Week to Date 3,500 Sm Pd Lst Wk 800 Sm Pd Lst Yr N / A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dressed Basis Delivered not well tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dressed Basis Steers : Few Select and Choice 2-3 , 1200-1300 lbs 112.00 ; load early 114.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dressed Basis Heifers : Few Select and Choice 2-3 , 1100-1200 lbs 112.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four Africans said to vie for top U.N. post .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evelyn Leopold", "entity": [{"entity": "Evelyn Leopold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UNITED NATIONS 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "UNITED NATIONS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four African states are ready to nominate candidates for the post of U.N. secretary-general on Friday now that Boutros Boutros-Ghali has temporarily put aside his bid for re-election .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "Boutros Boutros-Ghali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nominees , according to diplomats , are : Kofi Annan of Ghana , the U.N. undersecretary-general for peacekeeping ; Ahmedou Ould Abdallah of Mauritania , the former U.N. special envoy for Burundi ; Amara Essy of the Ivory Coast , its foreign minister and the U.N. General Assembly president in 1994-95 ; and Hamid Algabid of Niger , the secretary-general of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivory Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [219, 230]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Niger", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [328, 333]}, {"entity": "Hamid Algabid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [311, 324]}, {"entity": "Organisation of the Islamic Conference", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [365, 403]}, {"entity": "Amara Essy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "U.N. General Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [262, 283]}, {"entity": "Mauritania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "Burundi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "Kofi Annan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Ahmedou Ould Abdallah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Representatives of the U.N. missions of Ghana , the Ivory Coast , Mauritania and Niger have scheduled a meeting with Security Council president Paolo Fulci of Italy to hand in the nominations in writing , the envoys said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Paolo Fulci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Ivory Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "Niger", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not known if other candidates would step forward .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diplomats said General Joseph Garba of Nigeria , a U.N. General Assembly president in 1989-90 , was putting forth his own candidacy without being nominated by his country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Garba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "U.N. General Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 72]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boutros-Ghali on Wednesday opened the door for other Africans to contest his job by saying he was suspending temporarily his candidacy but was not withdrawing completely from the race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boutros-Ghali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Africans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His supporters said this meant he remained a candidate in case the race reached an impasse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States on Nov. 19 vetoed his bid for re-election while the other 14 Security Council members supported him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The move by the African states means that the council could begin voting on candidates next week , a procedure that could either result in a decision or turn into a bitter fight with vetoes against each nominee .", "entity": [{"entity": "African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Security Council has to vote on a new secretary-general and then seek the endorsement of the 185-members General Assembly before December 31 when Boutros-Ghali 's term expires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "General Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "Boutros-Ghali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spain 's police seize petrol bombs , arrest five .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spanish police said on Friday they had arrested five people and seized more than 90 petrol bombs during disturbances after a protest in the Basque country against Spain 's constitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Basque", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hooded protesters threw burning bottles and other objects at police in Pamplona after the protest organised by Herri Batasuna , the political wing of Basque separatist group ETA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "Herri Batasuna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "Basque", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "Pamplona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police also confiscated eight kg ( 18 lb ) of screws , balaclavas and spray paint cans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protest , which attracted several thousand supporters , coincided with the 18th anniversary of Spain 's constitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mussolini 's granddaughter rejoins far-right party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alessandra Mussolini , the granddaughter of Italy 's Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini , said on Friday she had rejoined the far-right National Alliance ( AN ) party she quit over policy differences last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alessandra Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "National Alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 152]}, {"entity": "Benito Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I 've gone back , \" she told a radio show shortly after AN leader Gianfranco Fini , who was being interviewed on the programme , said the row had been resolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gianfranco Fini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" He did n't want to lose me and I did n't want to lose him . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fini told state radio RAI he met Mussolini thanks to the good offices of Giuseppe Tatarella , AN 's leader in the Chamber of Deputies ( lower house ) , and had overcome their differences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giuseppe Tatarella", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 91]}, {"entity": "RAI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Chamber of Deputies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 133]}, {"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "Fini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mussolini , 33 , resigned from the parliamentary party group for what she said were strictly political reasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fiery politician , who is also a niece of screen star Sophia Loren , had accused AN leaders of stifling internal party debate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sophia Loren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mussolini , who sits in the Chamber , told La Stampa newspaper last month after quitting AN 's parliamentary party that she was considering joining the neo-fascist Social Movement ( MS-Fiamma ) formed by some of the Duce 's World War Two followers .", "entity": [{"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "Social Movement", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 179]}, {"entity": "World War Two", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 237]}, {"entity": "MS-Fiamma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "Chamber", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "La Stampa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German Santa in bank nearly gets arrested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HANOVER , Germany 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "HANOVER", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Santa Claus distributing presents to workers in a German bank on Friday nearly ended up behind bars when a passing police patrol thought he was a robber in disguise .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Santa Claus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The man , doing his rounds in the northern city of Hanover on the day when German children traditionally receive small presents from Saint Nicholas , convinced police eventually that he was genuine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Nicholas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Hanover", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy commission concludes 1997 budget examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Italian upper house Senate budget commission has concluded its examination of Italy 's 1997 budget , and it will approve the measure officially by Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Tuesday , the full assembly of the Senate will start its examination of the financial package .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Milan newsroom +392 66129502", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EU , Poland agree on oil import tariffs .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [5, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The European Union and Poland have resolved disagreements over a new Polish oil import regime , the European Commission said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "European Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EU had objected to increases in Polish tariffs on imports of gasoline and gasoil products introduced on January 1 , 1996 , saying they contravened levels envisaged in the so-called Europe Agreement between the EU and Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [221, 227]}, {"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 216]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increases were aimed at protecting the Polish market while helping to modernise the local oil industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The EU and Poland have now reached a final settlement regarding issues related to the Polish import regime in the oils sector , \" the Commission said in a statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the agreement , Poland will abolish all oil import tariffs by 2001 , remove all oil price controls and end quantitative restrictions on imports by January 1 , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agreement includes the early privatisation and modernisation of Polish oil refineries , which will be obliged to offer equal treatment to all buyers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EU and Poland will monitor the settlement at six-monthly meetings .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hindu party forces India parliament to adjourn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW DELHI 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW DELHI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hindu nationalists forced adjournment of India 's lower house of parliament on Friday , in protest against a proposal to observe a minute 's silence over the destruction of a mosque by a Hindu mob in 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) shouted pro-Hindu slogans in the house after a communist deputy made the proposal in remembrance of the Babri mosque , which was razed on December 6 , 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "pro-Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "BJP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Bharatiya Janata Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The house was first adjourned for two hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When it reconvened , BJP deputies resumed the slogan-shouting , and deputy speaker Suraj Bhan suspended work until Monday .", "entity": [{"entity": "BJP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Suraj Bhan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The destruction of the 16th-century mosque in the northern Indian town of Ayodhya triggered nationwide Hindu-Moslem violence in which more than 3,000 people were killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hindu-Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Ayodhya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indian officials blame revenge-minded Moslem underworld gangs in Bombay for a string of bombings in the city three months later that killed 260 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bombay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BJP backs a hardline Hindu campaign to build a temple at the site of the mosque , which Hindus believe was the birthplace of the Lord Rama .", "entity": [{"entity": "BJP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Hindus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "Rama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The campaign catapulted BJP from the political fringe to become India 's main opposition party in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "BJP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indian Sept crude oil output falls to 2.6 mln T .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "India 's crude petroleum output fell to 2.56 million tonnes in September from 2.83 million in the same month in 1995 , the government said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STEEL OUTPUT Sept Sept Apr-Sept Apr-Sept", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1996 1995 1996 1995", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crude petroleum 2,557 2,832 15,838 17,648", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Petroleum products 4,605 5,110 30,589 29,328", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note - Figures are in thousands of tonnes and preliminary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LUXEMBOURG CHRISTMAS MARKET GOES ON WORLD WIDE WEB .", "entity": [{"entity": "LUXEMBOURG", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luxembourg 's traditional Christmas market , which starts on Saturday and runs to December 24 , has taken to the world wide web as a way of publicising its activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luxembourg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The web site ( http://www.pt.lu/infoweb/kreschtmaart ) gives details of the market 's concert programme as well as its various retailers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Brussels Newsroom +32 2 287 6810 , Fax +32 2 230 7710", "entity": [{"entity": "Brussels Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "London coal / ore fixtures .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COAL - Lantau Peak - 120,000 tones coal Hay Point or Newcastle / Kaohsiung 20-30/1 $ 5.25 and $ 5.85 fio respectively 40,000-35,000 / 28,000 shinc China Steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaohsiung", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "China Steel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "Lantau Peak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "Hay Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Royal Clipper - 77,000 tonnes coal Maracaibo / Fos 19/12-2/1 $ 9.90 fio 20,000 shinc / 25,000 shinc Coe and Clerici .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Royal Clipper", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Coe and Clerici", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Maracaibo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORE - IMC TBN - 70,000 tonnes Dampier / Kaohsiung 20-30/12 $ 5.25 fio 35,000 shinc / 30,000 shinc China Steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dampier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Kaohsiung", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "China Steel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UK bookmakers lengthen Conservative victory odds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UK bookmakers William Hill said on Friday they have lengthened the odds of a Conservative victory in the next general election from 9-4 to 5-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William Hill said the odds were the longest they had been for six months .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Labour opposition are now 1-4 favourites , it said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The election must be held by May .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- London Newsroom +44 171 542-7768", "entity": [{"entity": "London Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy tops week of meagre bond returns - Salomon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Salomon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High-flying Italy topped the league in a week of meagre returns on government bonds , Salomon Brothers said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salomon Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In local currency terms , Italian BTPs offered returns of 0.85 percent in the week ended on Thursday , with fellow high-yielder Sweden close behind on 0.80 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weekly government bond index rose 0.07 percent in local currency terms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "France managed third place with 0.68 percent in the 16-nation world government bond index .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada 's were the worst performing bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They lost 2.21 percent , depressed by a wave of new Canadian supply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Returns on Treasuries were also in negative territory at minus 0.24 percent , the poorest result after Canada and British gilts which lost 0.28 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Treasuries", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia was the only dollar-bloc country in the table to eke out a positive return , albeit a paltry 0.02 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German Bunds were not much better , offering returns of 0.05 percent , while Japanese government bonds managed a 0.38 percent gain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spanish bonds , which had been top performers in Salomon Brothers ' league table for November as a whole , turned in a more subdued weekly performance with a return of only 0.27 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salomon Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In U.S. dollar terms , Japan was the only country to give positive returns at 1.35 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "France lost 0.37 percent , followed by Italy on minus 0.59 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biggest losers in dollar terms were British gilts , which shed 3.41 percent , Canada with minus 3.03 percent and Australia at minus 1.54 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salomon 's bond index is calculated using all government bonds with over one year to maturity , weighted for market capitalisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salomon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only bonds freely available to institutional investors and with a certain minimum amount outstanding are included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Returns take account of price moves and accrued interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Stephen Nisbet , International Bonds +44 171 6320", "entity": [{"entity": "International Bonds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "Stephen Nisbet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OPEC basket price $ 24.20 on Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The price of the OPEC basket of seven crudes stood at $ 24.20 a barrel on Thursday , against $ 23.47 on Wednesday , the OPECNA news agency said , quoting the OPEC secretariat .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "OPECNA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "OPEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basket comprises Algeria 's Saharan Blend , Indonesia 's Minas , Nigeria 's Bonny Light , Saudi Arabia 's Arabian Light , Dubai of the UAE , Venezuela 's Tia Juana and Mexico 's Isthmus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Minas", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Saharan Blend", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "Isthmus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "Tia Juana", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "Dubai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Arabian Light", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Bonny Light", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- London Newsroom +44 171 542 7630", "entity": [{"entity": "London Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relations between Clarke , Major good - spokesman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relations between Chancellor of the Exchequer Kenneth Clarke and Prime Minister John Major are good despite media reports of a rift over European policy , a spokesman for Major 's office said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "John Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked about the reports , the spokesman said : \" Relations are good . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked about Major 's mood after a day of media speculation about his political fortunes , the spokesman said : \" He is resolute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is getting on with the job . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spokesman said he was not aware of any meetings overnight between Clarke and Major , nor of any talks between the prime minister and parliamentary business managers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Major and Clarke were in their constituencies on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two dead after executive jet crashes in Newfoundland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newfoundland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STEPHENVILLE , Newfoundland 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "STEPHENVILLE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Newfoundland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two people were killed when an executive jet en route to Ireland from Michigan crashed on approach to an airport in Stephenville , Newfoundland , on Friday , authorities said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephenville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "Newfoundland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pilot and co-pilot , the only two aboard , were killed in the crash of the Learjet 36 , airport manager David Snow said in a telephone interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "Learjet 36", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "David Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snow said the plane last reported to air traffic control at about 3 A.M. local time / 1:30 A.M. EST ( 0630 GMT ) when it began its final approach about 10 miles ( 16 km ) from the airport in this east coast Canadian province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [207, 215]}, {"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was the last communication the aircraft made with the airport , he added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We considered it as being missing until about 0600 ( 4:30 A.M. EST ) ( 0930 GMT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's when the wreckage was discovered , \" Snow said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said the cargo flight originated in Grand Rapids , Michigan , and was due to stop at Stephenville for refueling before going to Shannon , Ireland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Rapids", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "Stephenville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Shannon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cause of the crash was not yet known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigators were due to fly to Stephenville later on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephenville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLO says Arafat , Netanyahu could meet Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JERUSALEM 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "JERUSALEM", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLO negotiators said on Friday Palestinian President Yasser Arafat , Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak might all meet on Saturday to try to clinch a deal on Israel 's handover of Hebron to the PLO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebron", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [224, 230]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Benjamin Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Hosni Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 241]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Egyptian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is very possible that Arafat and Netanyahu will meet in Cairo on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is work on arranging such a meeting hosted by President Mubarak , \" one PLO official , who requested anonymity , told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli officials said no meeting had yet been set .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arafat 's adviser Nabil Abu Rdainah said :", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Nabil Abu Rdainah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" President Arafat is ready to meet Prime Minister Netanyahu but no time or date has been set for such a meeting yet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" President Arafat 's position is clear that such a meeting should come after successful negotiations so that the meeting would have positive results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially since the Hebron issue has not been agreed yet and the crucial disputed issues have not been resolved . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebron", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Rdainah said Arafat would go to Cairo on Saturday for talks with Mubarak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Rdainah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Arafat and Netanyahu have expressed willingness to meet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netanyahu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They last met in Washington after clashes in September that killed 60 Palestinians and 15 Israelis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The violence was spurred by Israel 's opening an entrance to a tunnel near Moslem sites in Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Palestine Liberation Organisation ( PLO ) negotiators said the last two weeks of talks with Israel on implementing the long-delayed handover of most of Hebron to PLO rule had been \" meaningless \" , necessitating an Arafat-Netanyahu meeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "Hebron", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "Palestine Liberation Organisation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 37]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mubarak 's adviser Osama el-Baz said on Thursday there were efforts to arrange a meeting between the Israeli and Palestinian leaders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osama el-Baz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinian Authority Secretary General Ahmed Abdel-Rahman said on Thursday he understood it could be held in Cairo either on Friday or Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "Ahmed Abdel-Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abdel-Rahman had said on Thursday he did not think Saturday would be the date because it is the Jewish sabbath .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abdel-Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the Jewish sabbath ends at sundown , so a night meeting would not interfere with the religious observance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turkey hindered by own landmines on Syrian border .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANKARA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "ANKARA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turkey 's efforts to prevent Kurdish rebels and smugglers infiltrating from Syria are being badly hindered because the military does not have a map of its own minefields on the border , a commission of parliamentarians said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurdish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is not known exactly where the mines have been sown because a minefield chart cannot be found , \" the commission said in a report on border protection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The report , to be debated in parliament in coming weeks , was seen by Reuters on Friday . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials say the minefields present an obstacle to the security forces , \" it said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It said Kurdistan Workers Party ( PKK ) guerrillas sometimes know the layout of mined areas along the border better than the security forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurdistan Workers Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Terrorists and smugglers have dug up the mines , defused them and opened up wide paths in some areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can come in and out easily as the minefields are not an obstacle , \" it said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An armed forces spokesman was not available for comment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turkey says Syria sponsors the PKK , fighting for Kurdish self-rule in southeast Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Kurdish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Damascus denies aiding the rebels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damascus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PKK also crosses into Turkey from bases in the mountains of northern Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 21,000 people have died in the 12-year-old conflict .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three dead in Kurd militia blood feud in Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Kurd", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DIYARBAKIR , Turkey 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "DIYARBAKIR", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three people were killed on Friday in a gun battle between rival groups of anti-guerrilla militiamen on the streets of this southeastern Turkish city , police said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four others were wounded in the clash , caused by a blood feud between two families , the Kesers and Karabuluts , serving as state-paid village guards against Kurdish rebels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karabuluts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Kesers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Kurdish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police said the guards fired automatic weapons at each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the dead was a civilian passer-by .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of the 70,000 mainly Kurdish village guards who fight Kurdistan Workers Party ( PKK ) guerrillas in the southeast has been questioned recently after media allegations that many of them are involved in common crime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurdistan Workers Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "Kurdish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The head of the region 's main pro-state militia is at the centre of a security scandal that has shaken the government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 21,000 people have been killed in the 12-year-old conflict between Turkish security forces and the PKK , fighting for Kurdish autonomy or independence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "Kurdish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Texas / w Okla fed cattle roundup - USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okla", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trade very slow in the Panhandle area Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panhandle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter steers and heifers not well tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feedlots reporting light inquiry from buyers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thursday 200 Week Ago Holiday Year Ago 10,900", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wk to Date 69,100 Week Ago 58,100 Year Ago 30,800", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sales reported on 200 head steers ; 69,100 head confirmed for week to date which includes 14,000 formulated and 3,400 contracted cattle to be shipped this week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughter Steers : Pen Select and Choice 2-3 , 1150 lbs 67.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pen Select , few choice 2-3 1150 lbs 66.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kansas feedlot cattle roundup - USDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "USDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Kansas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DODGE CITY 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "DODGE CITY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not enough slaughter steer or heifer sales confirmed for an adequate market test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thursday 600 week ago holiday year ago 14,200", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "week to date 89,300 week ago 71,000 year ago 47,200", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inquiry good , demand light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sales confirmed on 500 slaughter steers and 100 slaughter heifers Thursday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the week to date 89,300 head confirmed including 30,600 head of contracted or formulated cattle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steers : Select and Choice 2-3 , 1200 lbs 67.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heifers : Select and Choice 2-3 , 1150 lbs 67.00 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delphis Hanover weekly municipal bond yields .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delphis Hanover", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delphis Hanover weekly muni bond yields calculated Dec 5", "entity": [{"entity": "Delphis Hanover", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aaa Aa A Baa", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1997 3.50 3.60* 3.70 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.30 4.35", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2001 4.20 4.20 4.35 4.40 4.65 4.65 5.00 5.00", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2006 4.70 4.70 4.85 4.85 5.15 5.15 5.50 5.50", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2011 5.15 5.15 5.30 5.30 5.60 5.60 5.90 5.90", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2016 5.35 5.30 5.50 5.45 5.80 5.75 6.10 6.05", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2021 5.45 5.40 5.60 5.55 5.90 5.85 6.20 6.15", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2026 5.50 5.45 5.65 5.60 5.95 5.90 6.25 6.20", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "*from previous calculation on Nov 27", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACCESS energy futures prices add to daytime gains .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACCESS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LOS ANGELES 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "LOS ANGELES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. energy futures added to floor session gains in light NYMEX ACCESS trade Thursday , as forecasts for colder temperatures in distillate-hungry Northeastern markets raised supply concerns .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "NYMEX ACCESS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The cold weather forecasts are helping right now , \" a trader said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier , NYMEX crude ended daytime trade 78 cents higher at $ 25.58 a barrel , following breakthroughs of key technical levels and reports of tighter supplies .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Front-month heating oil firmed 0.09 cents a gallon to 75.20 cents as roughly 100 lots changed hands within the first few hours of ACCESS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACCESS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 112 lots were exchanged overall , traders said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NYMEX gasoline for January delivery climbed 0.12 cents a gallon to 69.80 cents as a light 33 lots traded in the nearby month and 35 moved overall .", "entity": [{"entity": "NYMEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "January crude was barely changed from its settlement , edging up one cent to $ 25.66 a barrel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 350 lots were traded for January and 870 in all months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- David Brinkerhoff , Los Angeles bureau +1 213 380 2014", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "David Brinkerhoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. blasts release of convicted bomber .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States Thursday blasted the release from a Greek prison of a Palestinian guerrilla convicted of bombing an airliner and killing a teenager in 1982 , saying the move \" does not make sense . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" All of us who have been victimised by terrorists ... need to stand together against terrorists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We ca n't let terrorists out of jail when they are a danger to civilians all around the world , \" State Department spokesman Nicholas Burns said . '", "entity": [{"entity": "State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mohammed Rashid \" is a terrorist who deserves to be behind bars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mohammed Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is inexplicable to us why he would have been allowed to leave Greece before serving his just sentence ... This is an incomprehensible move .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It does not make sense , \" Burns told a news briefing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spoke after Rashid left Greece Thursday on being freed from prison early for good behaviour after serving 8-1/2 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Clinton administration 's strong views on this subject have been conveyed to the Greek government , Burns said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mahammad Rashid was whisked from Korydallos maximum security prison just outside Athens to the airport where he boarded a regular Olympic Airways flight to Cairo where he would transit to Tunis and the former Palestine Liberation Organisation headquarters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korydallos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Tunis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [188, 193]}, {"entity": "Mahammad Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Olympic Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 145]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "Athens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Palestine Liberation Organisation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [209, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rashid , 46 , was sentenced to 18 years in prison by a Greek court in 1992 after being convicted of premeditated murder in the mid-air bombing of a Pan American airliner in 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Pan American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His sentence had been reduced to 15 years in 1993 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A parole court ruled recently that Rashid could be freed after serving 8-1/2 years , with time in pre-trial detention counted towards his term , but said he must be expelled immediately from Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States accuses Rashid of belonging to the May 15 Palestinian guerrilla group and being an accomplished student of master Palestinian bombmaker Abu Ibrahim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Ibrahim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three FBI agents who testified against Rashid during the trial , held at Korydallos prison , said they had ample evidence against Rashid for a bomb planted on a Pan American plane in Brazil in 1982 and a mid-air bomb blast on a TWA airliner approaching Athens in 1986 which killed four U.S. citizens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "Pan American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "Korydallos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "TWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 231]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [286, 290]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "Athens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [253, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "School football player banned for slashing opponents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALBUQUERQUE , N.M. 1996-12-05", "entity": [{"entity": "ALBUQUERQUE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "N.M.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A New Mexico high school football player who used razor-sharp helmet buckles to slash opponents and a referee was expelled from high school banned Thursday from competition for one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mike Cito , 17 , was expelled from St Pius X High School in Albuquerque after an October game in which he used the sharpened chin strap buckles to injure two opposing players and the referee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Cito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "St Pius X High School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Albuquerque", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the players need 10 stitches to a cut on his forearm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials said the New Mexico Activities Association decided to bar Cito from any inter-scholastic competition until next October , regardless of the school he attends .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Mexico Activities Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 52]}, {"entity": "Cito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cito 's father , Stephen Cito , had admitted filing the metal buckles to a fine edge , saying he did it to get even with the referee and with players who had roughed up his son in a previous game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Stephen Cito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyberspace squabbles overshadow copyright talks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elif Kaban", "entity": [{"entity": "Elif Kaban", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GENEVA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "GENEVA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a gloomy Geneva conference centre built before the dawn of the Internet , groups of staid officials made a first stab on Friday at rewriting copyright laws for the digital age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Geneva", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But critics at the first government-level meeting to revise copyright laws in 25 years said the officials and legislators might as well be trying to police the ether .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After four days of diplomatic wrangling over procedures , some 600 delegates from nations small and large got down to the nitty-gritty of setting the digital agenda for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyberspace squabbles overshadowed the debate on a stack of proposals covering literary and artistic works , the rights of performers and producers of music and producers of databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" If it goes on like this , we wo n't have enough time to finish all the discussions , \" a frustrated Western delegate said . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They announced they will start evening sessions next week . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attempts by copyright-based industries to ensure they get a cut from online works led to a storm of protests by Internet companies and critics who say the pacts would curb public access to online information from soccer results to stock prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It 's not illegal to make photocopies of newspaper articles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's fair use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can read sports statistics or stock prices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But with the treaty , this kind of fact will be owned and subject to licensing , \" said James Love , a consumer lobbyist heading the Washington-based Consumer Project on Technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington-based", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 149]}, {"entity": "James Love", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Consumer Project", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" None of the treaties are ready to move .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These people do n't understand what they 're doing . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At stake are billions of dollars and the future of the electronic information industry -- the coming medium for the distribution of music , films , literature , software and commerce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supporters of the three pacts say they are only an extension of existing intellectual property rights , covered by the century-old Berne Convention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berne Convention", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [131, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But an array of opponents from the network industry to consumer , scientific and academic groups say the pacts will give sweeping powers to entertainment and copyright-based industries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A quick survey at the conference centre found few officials who had actually surfed the Internet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mongolia 's state copyright official , Gundegma Jargalshaihan , said apologetically that he had just arrived from Ulan Bator and was not aware of the details of the digital agenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gundegma Jargalshaihan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "Ulan Bator", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "Mongolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We do n't have money for Internet in Mongolia , \" he added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mongolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alexander Bavykin , deputy legal chief at Russia 's foreign ministry , said Moscow had yet to formulate a policy on copyright in cybersppace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Bavykin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He too had never browsed the Net .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I 've never tried it and why should I ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are lots of other things in this life I have n't tried either , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A visit to the computer centre offering Internet services found a lone European official clicking away on his mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Internet is a potential cash cow for copyright-based industries and we need roadmaps on the information superhighway , \" said Marc Pearl , vice-president of the Information Technology Association of America , a trade association of U.S. network companies opposing the treaties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Pearl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [234, 238]}, {"entity": "Information Technology Association of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But there are a lot of dinosaurs here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People here do n't understand Internet technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because they do n't understand technology , they fear the unknown . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the Internet , those whose business was to protect copyrights knew where they stood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their enemies were tangible if elusive , such as the people who pirated music cassettes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the Internet , a global computer network where anything from music to software can be duplicated and distributed at the click of a computer mouse , has ripped up the rulebooks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Network operators said the draft laws would hold them responsible for copyright infringements in the system and expose them to multi-billion-dollar liabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Network", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There are 500 million messages transmitted through the Internet everyday , \" said Tim Casey of the U.S.-based MCI Communications Corporation . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Casey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "MCI Communications Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 142]}, {"entity": "Internet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "U.S.-based", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can we control them all ? \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy evacuates 17 nuns and priests from Zaire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy said on Friday it had evacuated 17 Roman Catholic nuns and priests from Zaire where they had been at risk from fighting between government troops and ethnic Tutsi rebels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Roman Catholic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Tutsi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Foreign Ministry said the 10 Europeans and seven Africans took a special flight from the Garamba national park in northern Zaire to the Ugandan capital Kampala where they were being looked after at the Italian embassy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ugandan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "Kampala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Africans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Foreign Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "Europeans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Garamba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group had travelled from their mission on the edge of the park to a landing strip to make the rendezvous , a ministry official said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ministry said the group consisted of 13 nuns , seven Italians and six Zaireans , and four priests , two from Belgium , one from Spain and one from Zambia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaireans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Zambia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "Italians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third Paris blast victim was Moroccan student .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "Moroccan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moroccan Mohamed Benchaou , the third person to die after a bombing on a Paris train , was a 25-year-old student about to submit a mathematics doctorate , the Moroccan embassy said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moroccan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Moroccan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "Mohamed Benchaou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benchaou died of his injuries on Thursday night , two days after the blast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benchaou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A newly-married Canadian woman and a man from New Caledonia died instantly in the bomb that injured 90 others in the rush-hour train .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An embassy spokesman said Benchaou , the son of a Moroccan army colonel , had been due to take his doctorate in March and hoped to become a teacher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moroccan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Benchaou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigators have said the explosion bore the hallmarks of Algerian Moslem fundamentalists who staged a series of bombings last year which killed eight people and injured more than 160 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Algerian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italian President urges separatists to turn back .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MANTUA , Italy 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italian President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro visited the symbolic heartland of the separatist Northern League on Friday and appealed to its supporters to drop their campaign for a breakaway state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Oscar Luigi Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addressing a convention on Italian unity in Mantua , where the party has set up its own \" parliament of the north \" , Scalfaro made a direct appeal to what he called \" my friends from the League \" to work instead for federal reform .", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [188, 194]}, {"entity": "Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is an invitation , a commitment , a promise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's march together , \" Scalfaro , a northerner himself , said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Let", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Help Italy to teach , to propose a capacity for strong local autonomy , for the federalism which can give new vigour to our blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But turn back from the line you are taking now , \" he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scalfaro was in Mantua to attend a ceremony commemorating the executions there by Austrian rulers in 1852 and 1853 of a group of Italians who had campaigned for national unity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Italians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Scalfaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Mantua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was jeered and whistled at by a small group of League supporters when he arrived for a visit marked by heavy security .", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Witnesses said the protesters were outnumbered by other Italians who waved tricolour flags in the national red , white and green or shouted \" Viva Italia \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Italians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The League won more than eight percent of votes at the last general election in April on a federalist platform but its leader Umberto Bossi later switched to a separatist agenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Umberto Bossi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A three-day \" independence \" march along the Po River in September , culminating in a declaration in Venice of a self-styled \" Republic of Padania \" , flopped badly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Po", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "Venice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "Republic of Padania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denmark 's Radiometer H1 result seen flat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COPENHAGEN 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "COPENHAGEN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Reuter consensus survey sees medical equipment group Radiometer reporting largely unchanged earnings when it publishes first half 19996/97 results next Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "Radiometer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An average of four analysts ' forecasts predicted pre-tax profit of 147.3 million crowns compared to 144.5 million in the first six months of 1995/96 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said that the group 's failure to introduce new products was behind the share 's weak performance in 1996 , during which it has lost seven percent so far .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Soeren Linding Jakobsen , Copenhagen newsroom +45 33969650", "entity": [{"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Soeren Linding Jakobsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moslem fundamentalists kill 19 Algerians - agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Algerians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moslem fundamentalists killed 19 civilians overnight in Blida province south of Algiers , Algerian security forces said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Algerian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Algiers", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a statement carried on the official Algerian news agency APS , the security forces said the 19 had been killed by \" a group of terrorists \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Algerian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belgian police smash major drugs rings , 30 arrested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police smashed two drugs smuggling rings and arrested 30 people after a taxidriver in Spain alerted them to a suitcase of heroin left in his cab , Belgian police said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police seized dozens of kilos of heroin with a street value of hundreds of millions of Belgian francs , a public prosecutor 's office spokesman in the port city of Antwerp said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antwerp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said a 24-year-old Belgian woman left a suitcase containing 13 kg ( 29 lb ) of heroin in a taxi in Barcelona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The taxidriver alerted police who arrested a 33-year-old Turkish man when he came to pick up the suitcase at a lost luggage office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The woman was later arrested in Belgium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She and the Turkish man smuggled heroin from Turkey to Antwerp from where it was taken to Spain , France and Germany by others , the spokesman said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Turkish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Antwerp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said 14 people were arrested in Belgium and 16 others in other European nations after an investigation lasting nearly a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( $ 1=32.14 Belgian Franc )", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Port conditions update - Lloyds Shipping .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lloyds Shipping", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GREECE , Dec 5 - Greek port workers called off a strike which had kept the country 's ports closed , giving the government until Feb 1 to introduce a promised bonus scheme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "GREECE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German Jan-August coffee imports detailed .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HAMBURG 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "HAMBURG", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German net green coffee imports from outside the EU totalled 7.73 million bags in January-August compared with 7.66 million in the year-ago period , the DKV coffee association said .", "entity": [{"entity": "DKV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imports of 1.04 million bags in August were down from 1.08 million in August 1995 but up from 992,860 bags in July 1996 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colombia shipped 198,226 bags in August after 164,185 in July , El Salvador 160,553 ( 129,184 ) , Indonesia 72,218 ( 78,959 ) , Ethiopia 69,252 ( 60,456 ) and Kenya 63,969 ( 60,043 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "El Salvador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Ethiopia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazil was in seventh position with 54,333 bags ( 29,055 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Hamburg newsroom +49-40-41903275", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Munich Re says to split stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich Re", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muenchener Rueckversicherungs AG , the world 's largest reinsurer , said on Friday it expected to switch its shares to a lower par value by September 1997 at the earliest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rueckversicherungs AG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "Muenchener", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group , known as Munich Re , plans to seek approval for the move at its shareholders ' meeting today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich Re", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company said the switch would probably become effective in September .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The planned 10-for-one stock split would reduce the par value of Munich Re 's shares to five marks from 50 , causing their price to drop to around one tenth of the present value .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich Re", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Munich Re 's registered shares , part of the blue-chip DAX index , were trading at 3,710 marks on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Munich Re", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Frankfurt Newsroom , +49 69 756525", "entity": [{"entity": "Frankfurt Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EU experts postpone talks on rice area aid .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "European Union rice experts on Thursday postponed discussion on area aid payments to rice producers because the documents were not available in all the EU languages , an EU offcial said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 154]}, {"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "EU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The discussion in the experts group had to be postponed because the documents needed to be translated into the official languages and the item will be on next week 's agenda , \" the offcial said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "European rice producers are due to get compensatory area aid payments similar to those paid to cereal producers because of cuts in intervention prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Brussels Newsroom 32 2 287 6800", "entity": [{"entity": "Brussels Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frankfurt dollar fix 1.5338 marks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frankfurt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FRANKFURT 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "FRANKFURT", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dollar was fixed at 1.5338 marks in Frankfurt on Friday , after 1.5607 marks on Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frankfurt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no Bundesbank intervention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bundesbank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Lewis UK store sales up 4.5 % in week .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lewis UK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The John Lewis Partnership said its UK department store sales rose 4.5 percent in the week to November 30 compared with the same week a year earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "John Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 18 weeks to November 30 , sales were up 13.6 percent year-on-year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total sales , including the Waitrose supermarket chain , rose 5.8 percent in the week and were up 11.4 percent in the 18-week period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waitrose", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Rosemary Bennett , London Newsroom 44 171 542 2774", "entity": [{"entity": "London Newsroom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "Rosemary Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Timah at 15.625 in London at 0931 GMT .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Timah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PT Tambang Timah was traded at $ 15.625 per GDR in London on Friday at around 0931 GMT .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "GMT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "PT Tambang Timah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It recorded a low of $ 15.625 and a high of $ 15.725 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its previous close on Thursday was $ 15.80 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British \" Euro-sceptic \" says Clarke should resign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euro-sceptic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" Euro-sceptic \" member of the ruling Conservative party said on Thursday British finance minister Kenneth Clarke had to resign to prevent the party disintegrating over the issue of a single European currency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 201]}, {"entity": "Euro-sceptic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Member of Parliament Tony Marlow said the resignation of the chancellor of the exchequer was the only way to make the Conservatives electable in a general election which must take place by May next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Marlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We have a divided and split Cabinet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cabinet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cannot endure , \" Marlow told BBC television 's Newsnight programme on Thursday . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Newsnight", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Marlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not sustainable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kenneth Clarke has to go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If he does n't resign , the prime minister has got to fire him . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marlow 's comment come on the heels of speculation that Clarke had threatened to resign if the government changed its \" wait and see \" policy on a single currency and declared it would not sign up for the currency in the next Parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clarke denied on Thursday he had threatened to resign and said his position on the single currency was in tune with that of Prime Minister John Major .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "John Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major told parliament on Thursday he would keep his options open on single-currency membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His statement was interpreted as a significant victory for Clarke and fellow pro-European Michael Heseltine , deputy prime minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "pro-European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Michael Heseltine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pro-European Conservative MP Edwina Currie told the BBC that if Clarke resigned , other ministers would go with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edwina Currie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "Pro-European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Court ejects head of Australian child-sex inquiry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CANBERRA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "CANBERRA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Australian opposition on Friday demanded a high-powered investigation into paedophilia in the Australian diplomatic service after the federal court forced the head of the existing inquiry to stand aside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The court said inquiry head Chris Hunt might be biased , since he privately told a newspaper he had turned up no major evidence of paedophile activity , even though he still had months ' of investigation before him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Today we are left with a ruinous wreck beyond salvage and a continuing pall of doubt and suspicion hanging over our diplomatic service , \" opposition foreign affairs spokesman Laurie Brereton said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurie Brereton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the government responded by pressing ahead with the original inquiry , established in May , appointing a new head to lead it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critics say that if there were many paedophiles in senior posts in the Foreign Affairs Department then a secret inquiry would be open to internal influence and would become a public service whitewash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foreign Affairs Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , they demand an open investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for Foreign Affairs Minister Alexander Downer said the appointment of a new inquiry head , administrative law expert Pamela O'Neil , showed the government 's commitment to pursue the matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pamela O'Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Foreign Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "Alexander Downer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A report is due in May next year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One Australian diplomat has been prosecuted this year for having sex with a Cambodian boy under 16 but was acquitted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambodian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police have investigated others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A newspaper reported allegations in April that diplomats had directed Australian government aid to certain foreign orphanages to secure sex with children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australian hitman killed wrong victim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SYDNEY 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SYDNEY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An Australian hitman who went to the wrong house and killed the wrong man was sentenced to 20 years jail on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Crofts , 33 , and an accomplice were contracted to shoot a man , identified only as Tony , in the leg to punish him for his misconduct with a female friend of the contractor , the New South Wales Supreme Court was told .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Crofts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "New South Wales Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 214]}, {"entity": "Tony", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in February 1993 Leszic Betcher , was shot and killed after answering a knock at the door of his Sydney home . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Leszic Betcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Sydney", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inference from all the material is that the marauders had come to the wrong house , \" Judge Michael Grove said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Grove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sentencing Crofts , who pleaded guilty , Grove took into account his \" mildly retarded \" intellectual state , which placed him in the lowest two percent of the population .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crofts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Grove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grove said Betcher was \" not only the victim of a horrendous crime , but his death was brought about in circumstances of an equally ghastly error on the part of the prisoner and his accomplices \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Grove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unnamed accomplice was earlier sentenced to 20 years in prison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NZ 's Bolger says Nats to meet NZ First on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "NZ", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Bolger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "NZ", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Nats", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WELLINGTON 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "WELLINGTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Zealand Prime Minister Jim Bolger , emerging from coalition talks with the nationalist New Zealand First party on Friday afternoon , said National and NZ First would meet again on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand First", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "Jim Bolger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "NZ First", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bolger said he expected a government to be formed by Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NZ 's Peters says Nat , Lab talks at similar stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "Lab", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "NZ", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Nat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Zealand First leader Winston Peters on Friday said coalition talks with the National and Labour parties were at a similar level of completion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Winston Peters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "New Zealand First", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peters left a meeting between NZ First and National negotiators to spend 20 minutes speaking to Labour leader Helen Clark .", "entity": [{"entity": "NZ First", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "Helen Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Peters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He told Reuters he had needed to speak to her before she left Wellington later on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wellington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peters said the talks with Labour and National had reached \" about the same level of completion , and that 's good \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RTRS - Australian MP John Langmore formally resigns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "John Langmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "RTRS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australian parliamentarian John Langmore has formally resigned from his lower house seat , the office of House of Representatives speaker Bob Halverson said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Representatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 129]}, {"entity": "John Langmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Bob Halverson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 151]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Halverson announced that he had received today from Mr John Vance Langmore , a letter resigning his place as member of the House of Representatives for the electoral division of Fraser in the Australian Capital Territory , \" his office said in a statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Capital Territory", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 222]}, {"entity": "John Vance Langmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 186]}, {"entity": "Halverson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "House of Representatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halverson was considering possible dates for the by-election , his office said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Halverson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Langmore , 57 , announced in November that he intended to resign from parliament to take up a position as Australia 's senior representative at the United Nations headquarters in New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "Langmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 162]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played an active role at the U.N. social development conference in Copenhagen last year and has co-authored articles with U.N. development programme officer Inge Kaul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Inge Kaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Langmore , a persistent campaigner for interventionist economic policy , has been Labor member for Fraser since 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Langmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was senior private secretary to the employment and industrial relations minister from 1983 to 1984 and was economic advisor to then treasurer Paul Keating in 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Keating", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His previous posts include assistant director of the national planning office of Papua New Guinea from 1969 to 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Papua New Guinea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Canberra Bureau 61-6 273-2730", "entity": [{"entity": "Canberra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Burmese students march out of campus again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burmese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of Burmese students on Friday marched out of the Yangon Institute of Technology ( YIT ) in the northern outskirts of Rangoon and moved toward the University of Yangon about six km ( four miles ) away , witnesses said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Burmese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "University of Yangon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 174]}, {"entity": "Yangon Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 87]}, {"entity": "YIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The witnesses could not give exact numbers of those taking part in the march or any other details immediately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Monday and Tuesday , students from the YIT and the university launched street protests against what they called unfair handling by police of a brawl between some of their colleagues and restaurant owners in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "YIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protests culminated at dawn on Tuesday with several hundred of the student protesters being detained briefly by police near the central Shwe Dagon pagoda in Rangoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rangoon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "Shwe Dagon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were later released .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Friday , some students told Reuters that they were still dissatisfied with the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council 's ( SLORC ) handling of their demands .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLORC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "State Law and Order Restoration Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 128]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said they wanted to organise independent unions on university campuses and demanded that details of the punishment of policemen who allegedly manhandled some students at the October brawl be published in newspapers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thai rice vessels loading and movements at Dec 06 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BANGKOK 1996-11-29", "entity": [{"entity": "BANGKOK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Thai Commerce Ministry detailed rice loading at Thai ports as follows ( in tonnes ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Commerce Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vessel Date of Arrival Quantity Destination", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iran Sabr 19/11/96 9,000 Iran", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Iran Sabr", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Princess of Loine 19/11/96 10,000 Philippines", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Princess of Loine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deligst 20/11/96 5,500 Indonesia", "entity": [{"entity": "Deligst", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seagramd ace 20/11/96 5,000 Japan", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "Seagramd", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucky Emdldm 20/11/96 5,000 Japan", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "Lucky Emdldm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Algoa Day 21/11/96 6,000 Africa", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Algoa Day", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sangthai Glory 22/11/96 3,000 Singapore", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Sangthai Glory", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myos Yang 5 22/11/96 4,000 Indonesia", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Myos Yang", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Budisuryana 22/11/96 3,800 Malaysia", "entity": [{"entity": "Budisuryana", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King Ace 22/11/96 5,000 Japan", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "King Ace", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tong Shun 25/11/96 3,000 Vietnam", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Tong Shun", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But 2 27/11/96 5,000 Burma", "entity": [{"entity": "Burma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "But", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Bangkok newsroom ( 662 ) 652-0642", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangkok", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese girl nearly dies from cigarette smoke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SHANGHAI 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SHANGHAI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A five-year-old girl in the east China city of Tianjin choked and almost died from cigarette smoke at her grandfather 's birthday with relatives smoking for hours in a small room , the Wen Hui Bao newspaper said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wen Hui Bao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "Tianjin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newspaper said the girl was rushed to hospital and found to be having extreme difficulty breathing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It said eight of the people at the party , including the girl 's father , immediately announced they would give up smoking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korean won closes down on import settlements .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEOUL 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "SEOUL", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The won slid against the U.S. unit on Friday as players prepared for Monday 's import settlement needs , traders said .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The won ended at 831.00 , slightly down from an opening of 830.60 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It ranged between 830.20 and 831.40 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A sale of about $ 60 million by Hyundai Heavy pushed the dollar down earlier in the day , but Monday 's import needs helped it recover , \" said a Koram Bank dealer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyundai Heavy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Koram Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dealers said the dollar / yen 's movement on the world market would continue to set the trend for the dollar / won next week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign planes to land in China 's popular Guilin .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Guilin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's tourist spot of Guilin in the southern region of Guangxi will open its airport to foreign aircraft , the Xinhua news agency said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guilin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Guangxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assessment group made up of the State Council 's Port Office , the Civil Aviation Administration of China , the General Administration of Customs and other authorities had granted the airport permission to handle foreign aircraft , Xinhua said .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Administration of Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 148]}, {"entity": "Civil Aviation Administration of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 108]}, {"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [235, 241]}, {"entity": "State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The move is expected to give a shot in the arm to the economic expansion of Guangxi and southwest China as a whole , \" the agency said but gave no further details .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guilin is well known for its mountain and river scenery and is one of China 's most popular tourist destinations .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Guilin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPA says economic assessment unchanged by GDP data .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan 's Economic Planning Agency has not changed its view that the economy is gradually recovering , despite relatively weak gross domestic product figures released on Tuesday , EPA Vice Minister Shimpei Nukaya told reporters on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Economic Planning Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 33]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Shimpei Nukaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said the GDP growth was weak but that this reflected the economy between July and September and did not take into account more recent data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When asked about the outlook for the fiscal year beginning in April , Nukaya said the economy may slow down in the early part of the fiscal year due to a planned consumption tax hike , but that would be only temporary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nukaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consumption tax will be raised to five percent from three percent from April 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sangetsu - 96/97 parent forecast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sangetsu", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Year to March 31 , 1997", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( in billions of yen unless specified )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LATEST ACTUAL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Parent ) FORECAST YEAR-AGO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sales 128.00 117.56", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current 12.00 9.94", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Net 6.20 5.36", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPS 143.56 yen 127.64 yen", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ord div 30.00 yen 30.00 yen", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NOTE - Sangetsu Co Ltd is a trader specialising in interiors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sangetsu Co Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bre-X , Barrick said to continue Busang talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K.T. Arasu", "entity": [{"entity": "K.T. Arasu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JAKARTA 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "JAKARTA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada 's Bre-X Minerals Ltd and Barrick Gold Corp are to continue negotiations to hammer out a partnership agreement to develop the spectacular Busang gold find in Indonesia , sources close to the talks said on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Bre-X Minerals Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "Barrick Gold Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The negotiations will be held both in Toronto and in Jakarta , \" one source , speaking on condition of anonymity , told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Jakarta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another source said most of the key negotiators from both Bre-X and Barrick had returned to Toronto , but declined to say if there had been any progress in their negotiations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sources said Bre-X and Barrick did not hold talks on Thursday with Mines and Energy Ministry Secretary-General Umar Said , who is coordinating the negotiations over the Busang find in East Kalimantan .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Kalimantan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [189, 204]}, {"entity": "Mines and Energy Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 97]}, {"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Umar Said", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first source also said Bre-X had until December 21 to submit to the Indonesian Mines and Energy Ministry a feasibility study on the central region of the Busang property , estimated to contain 2.6 million ounces of gold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "Indonesian Mines and Energy Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 108]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The richest parts of the property to the north and south of the central region have been estimated by Bre-X to contain 57 million ounces of gold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Bre-X is expected to complete the feasibility report by December 16 and submit it to the government before the December 21 deadline , \" the source said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said Bre-X would then formally seek the permission of the Indonesian government to begin construction to develop Busang 's central region , which might take up to two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The source declined to say if there had been any progress in the talks between Bre-X and Barrick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" This is a huge project ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we are not selling furniture , and Bre-X has 13,000 shareholders to answer to , \" the source said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" While there has been some agreement in principle on some issues , there are still others such as procedures and mechanisms that needed to be sorted out , \" he added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The source said no new deadline had been set by the Mines and Energy Ministry for Bre-X and Barrick to strike a deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mines and Energy Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 77]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ministry had given the companies until December 4 to complete a partnership deal , and advised Bre-X to take a 25 percent stake and Barrick 75 percent to develop the property .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" As far as I am aware , there 's been no new deadline , \" the source said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ministry 's Umar said on Thursday that both Bre-X and Barrick had responded positively to a government letter recommending a 25-75 split in the Busang gold property .", "entity": [{"entity": "Umar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government also wants 10 percent of the property .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Umar said the government had yet to receive a formal reply from the companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Umar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had said earlier that if the two companies failed to reach a partnership agreement , the government would explore other ways to expedite development of the Busang find .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bre-X has a partnership deal with PT Panutan Duta of the Panutan Group run by President Suharto 's eldest son , Sigit Harjojudanto , under which Panutan would receive $ 40 million over 40 months plus a 10 percent stake Busang 's richest parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "PT Panutan Duta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Busang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [219, 225]}, {"entity": "Panutan Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Sigit Harjojudanto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 130]}, {"entity": "Suharto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Bre-X", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Panutan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barrick has teamed up with a construction company in the Citra Group of Suharto 's eldest daughter , Siti Hardianti Rukmana , in what Barrick had said was a partnership \" to prepare us for a potential mining development project \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Citra Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Siti Hardianti Rukmana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 123]}, {"entity": "Barrick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "Suharto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honda RV exceeds sales target .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honda RV", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honda Motor Co Ltd said on Friday that it had received 15,000 domestic orders for its S-MX recreational vehicle in the first two weeks after its launch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honda Motor Co Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "S-MX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honda launched the S-MX light minivan , featuring cubic body styling , on November 22 with a monthly sales target of 5,000 units .", "entity": [{"entity": "S-MX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Honda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A version with lower road clearance and front and rear spoilers accounted for two-thirds of the sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEATURE - Singapore sees prestige in hosting WTO .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ramthan Hussain", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramthan Hussain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Singapore 's winning campaign to host the World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) 's first ministerial meeting reflected its ambition to play a key role in shaping global free trade , the lifeblood of its economy , analysts said .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organisation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 66]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" As one of the world 's most externally oriented economies , Singapore has a disproportionately large stake in the WTO , \" said Desmond Supple , economist at research house I.D.E.A .", "entity": [{"entity": "I.D.E.A", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "Desmond Supple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Singapore stands to benefit more than most from continued global trade liberalisation as trade is the engine of its growth , accounting for nearly three times its gross domestic product . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city-state met U.S. opposition two years ago in its bid to host the meeting , expected to gather 4,000 officials from 160 countries from December 9 to 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a stand some analysts linked to controversy over Singapore 's caning of an American teenager for vandalism , then-U.S. Trade Representative Mickey Kantor had said the meeting ought to be held where the WTO was going to be headquartered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mickey Kantor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "then-U.S.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That would have meant Geneva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geneva", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Singapore had the support of other WTO members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derek da Cunha , senior fellow at the Institute of Policy Studies ( ISEAS ) , said Singapore 's hosting of the conference \" carries a great deal of symbolism for the city-state , underscoring its commitment to free trade and its trading links across the globe . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Institute of Policy Studies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 65]}, {"entity": "ISEAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Derek da Cunha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is the international prestige Singapore would enjoy , but \" more importantly there is a genuine national interest in fostering better global free trade and an open market \" , said Tan Kong Yam , head of Business Policy at the National University of Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "National University of Singapore", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [232, 264]}, {"entity": "Tan Kong Yam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the ministerial meeting , trade ministers will review the work of the WTO and the implementation of the Uruguay Round free trade commitments under its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "GATT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 215]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June , the WTO hailed Singapore for its open market policies but the European Union and other trading powers called on Singapore to speed up the opening of its services sector .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supple said the struggle that Singapore had to wage in vying to host the meeting would be repeated during the talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Supple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There is tension at every step of the way , \" since a battle line between the West and developing countries has been drawn over the issue of linking trade liberalisation with labour rights , he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supple said hosting the meeting carried prestige for Singapore , \" however , this is quite intangible as the prestige factor may not necessarily lead to any additional investment and trade flows to this region . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Supple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a commercial point of view , the meeting would be good for Singapore 's tourism industry , Tan said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Tan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large part of Singapore 's workforce would be mobilised to ensure the meeting would run without a glitch but the average Singaporean \" would probably not be too concerned about some of the issues , \" Tan said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Singaporean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "Tan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [202, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But the more educated public will realise that these kind of things are important for Singapore as a small economy . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supple said any political gains the Singapore government would get from the WTO meeting -- ahead of a general election due by April 1997 -- would depend on how successful it was in pushing its economic agenda .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "Supple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" If there are any movements toward freer trade , then Singapore 's economy and the electorate would gain , \" he said . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I do n't think it would be wise to play up the political aspect of this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think political issues will take secondary importance to all these economic issues that will be displayed . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan NTT says hopes to start int'l business soon .", "entity": [{"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp ( NTT ) said on Friday that it hopes to move into the international telecommunications business as soon as possible following the government 's decision to split NTT into three firms under a holding company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We hope to start international telephone business as soon as possible , \" a company official told Reuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reuters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official said the latest government decision to split the company under a holding company would allow flexibility in NTT 's international phone business .", "entity": [{"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier , Posts and Telecommunications Minister Hisao Horinouchi told a news conference the government plans to split NTT into three firms under a holding company , but did not specify when the restructuring would likely take effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hisao Horinouchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the three new companies will be a long-distance operator and the other two will be local-call operators , Horinouchi said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Horinouchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the local firms will operate in west Japan and the other in east Japan , he added .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long-distance operator will offer international services , Horinouchi said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Horinouchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NTT official said the timing of the planned split-up was uncertain because more discussions by government officials were required .", "entity": [{"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ahold launches Asian food discount stores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZAANDAM , Netherlands 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "ZAANDAM", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dutch supermarkets group Ahold NV said on Friday it had launched a second food store format for Asian consumers today , opening 16 BILO food discount stores in Malaysia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahold NV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "BILO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BILO stores are located in Malysia 's capital Kuala Lumpur and in the country 's second city Johor Bahru .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuala Lumpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "BILO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Johor Bahru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "Malysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discount price format store BILO is to complement Ahold 's full service supermarket TOPS , recently launched in Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "TOPS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "BILO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In the coming five to ten years , Ahold plans to open many more stores of both formats , making TOPS and BILO household names in the region , \" Ahold said in a statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "BILO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "TOPS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well as its activities in Asia , Dutch retail group Ahold has a strong presence in Europe , in the U.S. and the company recently announced a joint venture agreement in Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ahold has annualised sales of approximately US$ 24 billion , and employs 180,000 people worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "US$", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Amsterdam newsroom +31 20 504 5000 , Fax +31 20 504 504", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-WOMEN 'S WORLD CUP SUPER G WINNER PROFILE .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VAIL , Colorado 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "VAIL", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Colorado", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profile of the winner of Saturday 's women 's World Cup super G race :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Name : Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity": [{"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age : 25", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nation : Russia", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous World Cup victories : None", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other Facts : Gladishiva won a silver medal in super G at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics and a bronze medal in downhill at the 1991 World Championships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winter Olympics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Lillehammer", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "World Championships", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-WOMEN 'S WORLD CUP SUPER G RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Provisional results from", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturday 's women 's World Cup super G race :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Svetlana Gladishiva ( Russia ) one minute 17.76 seconds", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Pernila Wiberg ( Sweden ) 1:17.97", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Pernila Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Carole Montillet ( France ) 1:18.11", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Hilde Gerg ( Germany ) 1:18.15", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Hilde Gerg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Isolde Kostner ( Italy ) 1:18.19", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Isolde Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Warwara Zelenskaja ( Russia ) 1:18.21", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Warwara Zelenskaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Madlen Brigger-Summermatter ( Switzerland ) 1:18.23", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Madlen Brigger-Summermatter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Florence Masnada ( France ) 1:18.31", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Florence Masnada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Katja Seizinger ( Germany ) 1:18.32", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10= Martina Ertl ( Germany ) 1:18.48", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Martina Ertl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10= Stefanie Schuster ( Austria ) 1:18.48", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Stefanie Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12. Bibiana Perez ( Italy ) 1:18.52", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Bibiana Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13. Barbara Merlin ( Italy ) 1:18.67", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Barbara Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14. Sybille Brauner ( Germany ) 1:18.81", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Sybille Brauner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15. Katharina Gutensohn ( Germany ) 1:18.92", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Katharina Gutensohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16. Leatitia Dalloz ( France ) 1:18.96", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Leatitia Dalloz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17. Renate Goetschl ( Austria ) 1:18.98", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18. Marianne Brechu ( France ) 1:19.02", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Marianne Brechu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19. Heidi Zurbriggen ( Switzerland ) 1:19.03", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Heidi Zurbriggen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20. Spela Bracun ( Slovenia ) 1:19.07", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Spela Bracun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "21. Shannon Nobis ( U.S. ) 1:19.08", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "Shannon Nobis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22= Regine Cavagnoud ( France ) 1:19.21", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Regine Cavagnoud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22= Anita Wachter ( Austria ) 1:19.21", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Anita Wachter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24. Megan Gerety ( U.S. ) 1:19.39", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Megan Gerety", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25. Hilary Lindh ( U.S. ) 1:19.41", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Hilary Lindh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "26= Catherine Borghi ( Switzerland ) 1:19.44", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Catherine Borghi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "26= Michaela Dorfmeister ( Austria ) 1:19.44", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Michaela Dorfmeister", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "28. Alexandra Meissnitzer ( Austria ) 1:19.53", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Meissnitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "29. Ingeborg Helen Marken ( Norway ) 1:19.54", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Ingeborg Helen Marken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30. Monika Tschirky ( Switzerland ) 1:19.60", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Monika Tschirky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were declared official .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-GLADISHIVA WINS WORLD CUP SUPER G .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "SKIING-GLADISHIVA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Svetlana Gladishiva of Russia won the women 's World Cup Super G race on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pernilla Wiberg of Sweden finished second and Carole Montillet of France came in third , according to provisional results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pernilla Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GOLF - THIRD ROUND OF JCPENNEY CLASSIC WASHED OUT .", "entity": [{"entity": "JCPENNEY CLASSIC", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TARPON SPRINGS , Florida 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "TARPON SPRINGS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavy rains on Saturday washed out the third round of the $ 1.5 million JCPenney Classic at the Innisbrook Hilton Resort .", "entity": [{"entity": "JCPenney Classic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Innisbrook Hilton Resort", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials said the tournament would be reduced to 54 holes for the first time in its 37-year history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final round of the special event , which pairs players from the PGA and LPGA Tours , will be played in the alternate shot format on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "LPGA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The duo of Pat Hurst and Scott McCarron were tied for the lead with the team of Donna Andrews and Mike Hulbert at 13-under-par 129 through 36 holes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Hurst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "Scott McCarron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Donna Andrews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Mike Hulbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tandem of reigning U.S. Amateur champions Kelli Kuehne and Tiger Woods were another shot back at 12-under 130 .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Kelli Kuehne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Tiger Woods", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defending champions Beth Daniel and Davis Love will start the final round six shots off the pace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davis Love", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Beth Daniel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-WOMEN 'S DOWNHILL WINNER PROFILE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profile of the winner of Saturday 's women 's World Cup downhill race :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Name : Renate Goetschl", "entity": [{"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age : 20", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nation : Austria", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous victories ( two ) : slalom , Lillehammer Norway , 1993 ; super G , Flachau , Austria , 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lillehammer", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Flachau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other facts : As a qualifier for the 1993 World Cup finals through Europa Cup results , 16-year-old Goetschl won the slalom to become history 's youngest World Cup victor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1993 World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "Europa Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-WOMEN 'S WORLD CUP STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women 's World Cup", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "standings after Saturday 's downhill race :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Downhill Standings", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Katja Seizinger ( Germany ) 180 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Renate Goetschl ( Austria ) 132", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Carole Montillet ( France ) 86", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Pernilla Wiberg ( Sweden ) 75", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Pernilla Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Heidi Zurbriggen ( Switzerland ) 69", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Heidi Zurbriggen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Regina Haeusl ( Germany ) 66", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Regina Haeusl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Alexandra Meissnitzer ( Austria ) 65", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Meissnitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Isolde Kostner ( Italy ) 60", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Isolde Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Ingeborg Helen Markein ( Norway ) 58", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Ingeborg Helen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10= Megan Gerety ( U.S. ) 51", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Megan Gerety", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10= Warwara Zelenskaja ( Russia ) 51", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Warwara Zelenskaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10= Florence Masnada ( France ) 51", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Masnada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Florence", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13= Picabo Street ( U.S. ) 50", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "Picabo Street", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13= Stefanie Schuster ( Austria ) 50", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Stefanie Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15. Miriam Vogt ( Germany ) 47", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Miriam Vogt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16. Bibiana Perez ( Italy ) 45", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Bibiana Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17. Hilde Gerg ( Germany ) 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Hilde Gerg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18. Barbara Merlin ( Germany ) 38", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Barbara Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19= Kate Pace Lindsay ( Canada ) 23", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Kate Pace Lindsay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19= Svetlana Gladishiva ( Russia ) 23", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19= Regine Cavagnoud ( France ) 23", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Regine Cavagnoud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall women 's World Cup standings leaders after", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturday 's downhill and super G races :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Katja Seizinger ( Germany ) 414 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Pernilla Wiberg ( Sweden ) 353", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Pernilla Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Hide Gerg ( Germany ) 276", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Hide Gerg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Anita Wachter ( Austria ) 180", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Anita Wachter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Isolde Kostner ( Italy ) 157", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Isolde Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Heidi Zurbriggen ( Switzerland ) 153", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Heidi Zurbriggen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Warwara Zelenskaja ( Russia ) 151", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Warwara Zelenskaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8= Renate Goetschl ( Austria ) 146", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8= Carole Montillet ( France ) 146", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Svetlana Gladishiva ( Russia ) 137", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11. Florence Masnada ( France ) 133", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Masnada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Florence", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12. Deborah Compagnoni ( Italy ) 120", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "Deborah Compagnoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13. Martina Ertl ( Germany ) 119", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Martina Ertl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14. Alexandra Meissnitzer ( Austria)118", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexandra Meissnitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15. Urska Horvat ( Slovenia ) 108", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Urska Horvat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16= Claudia Riegler ( New Zealand ) 100", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Claudia Riegler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16= Sabina Panzanini ( Italy ) 100", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Sabina Panzanini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18. Barbara Merlin ( Italy ) 92", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Barbara Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19. Stefanie Schuster ( Austria ) 89", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Stefanie Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20. Miriam Vogt ( Germany ) 76", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Miriam Vogt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Super G standings :", "entity": [{"entity": "Super G", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Pernilla Wiberg ( Sweden ) 180", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Pernilla Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Hilde Gerg ( Germany ) 130", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Hilde Gerg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Svetland Gladishiva ( Russia ) 114", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Svetland Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Warwara Zelenskaja ( Russia ) 100", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Warwara Zelenskaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Florence Masnada ( France ) 82", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Florence Masnada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Katja Seizinger ( Germany ) 74", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Isolde Kostner ( Italy ) 65", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Isolde Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Carole Montillet ( France ) 60", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Martina Ertl ( Germany ) 58", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Martina Ertl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Anita Wachter ( Austria ) 49", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Anita Wachter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11. Heidi Zurbriggen ( Switzerland ) 43", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Heidi Zurbriggen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12= Madlen Brigger-Summermatter ( Switzerland ) 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Madlen Brigger-Summermatter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12= Barbara Merlin ( Italy ) 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Barbara Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12= Katharina Gutensohn ( Germany ) 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Katharina Gutensohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15. Stefanie Schuster ( Austria ) 39", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Stefanie Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16. Leatitia Dalloz ( France ) 33", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Leatitia Dalloz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17. Bibiana Perez ( Italy ) 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Bibiana Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18= Miriam Vogt ( Germany ) 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Miriam Vogt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18= Marianne Brechu ( France ) 29", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Marianne Brechu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20. Alexandra Meissnitzer ( Austria ) 27", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Meissnitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nation 's Cup standings :", "entity": [{"entity": "Nation 's Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Austria 1,973 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Germany 1,135", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Switzerland 972", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Italy 887", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. France 853", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Norway 746", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Sweden 673", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Slovenia 432", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Russia 288", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. United States 164", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-WOMEN 'S WORLD CUP DOWNHILL RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturday 's women 's World Cup downhill race :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Renate Goetschl ( Austria ) one minute 47.71 seconds", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Katja Seizinger ( Germany ) 1:48.53", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Isolde Kostner ( Italy ) 1:48.91", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Isolde Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Alexandra Meissnitzer ( Austria ) 1:49.13", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Meissnitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Megan Gerety ( U.S. ) 1:49.26", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Megan Gerety", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Miriam Vogt ( Germany ) 1:49.28", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Miriam Vogt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Stefanie Schuster ( Austria ) 1:49.38", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Stefanie Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Ingeborg Helen Marken ( Norway ) 1:49.41", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Ingeborg Helen Marken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Florence Masnada ( France ) 1:49.51", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Florence Masnada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Regina Haeusl ( Germany ) 1:49.53", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Regina Haeusl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11. Heidi Zurbriggen ( Switzerland ) 1:49.65", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Heidi Zurbriggen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12. Warwara Zelenskaja ( Russia ) 1:49.66", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Warwara Zelenskaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13. Barbara Merlin ( Italy ) 1:49.76", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Barbara Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14. Hilde Gerg ( Germany ) 1:49.84", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Hilde Gerg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15. Martina Ertl ( Germany ) 1:49.85", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Martina Ertl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "16. Pernilla Wiberg ( Sweden ) 1:49.88", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Pernilla Wiberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17. Svetlana Gladishiva ( Russia ) 1:50.03", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Gladishiva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18. Anita Wachter ( Austria ) 1:50.10", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Anita Wachter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19. Spela Bracun ( Slovenia ) 1:50.40", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Spela Bracun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20. Regine Cavagnoud ( France ) 1:50.51", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Regine Cavagnoud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "21. Kate Pace Lindsay ( Canada ) 1:50.54", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Kate Pace Lindsay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22. Bibiana Perez ( Italy ) 1:50.65", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Bibiana Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "23. Hilary Lindh ( United States ) 1:50.69", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Hilary Lindh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24. Catherine Borghi ( Switzerland ) 1:50.72", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Catherine Borghi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25. Carole Montillet ( France ) 1:50.91", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Carole Montillet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "26. Brigitte Obermoser ( Austria ) 1:50.99", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Brigitte Obermoser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "27. Sybille Brauner ( Germay ) 1:51.04", "entity": [{"entity": "Sybille Brauner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "28. Grete Stroem ( Norway ) 1:51.07", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Grete Stroem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "29. Patrizia Bassis ( Italy ) 1:51.13", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Patrizia Bassis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30. Alessandra Merlin ( Italy ) 1:51.16", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Alessandra Merlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NORDIC SKIING-WORLD CUP BIATHLON RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKIING-WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OESTERSUND , Sweden 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "OESTERSUND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Saturday 's", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World Cup biathlon races :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men 's 10 kms", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Vadim Sashurin ( Belarus ) 26 minutes 17.2 seconds ( no penalty", "entity": [{"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Vadim Sashurin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rounds )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Frode Andresen ( Norway ) 26:17.8 ( 2 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Frode Andresen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Ole Einar Bjorndalen ( Norway ) 26:24.9 ( 2 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Ole Einar Bjorndalen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Sven Fischer ( Germany ) 26:28.2 ( 1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Sven Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Ricco Gross ( Germany ) 26:33.0 ( 1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Ricco Gross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World Cup standings", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Fischer ( Germany ) 82 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Pavel Muslimov ( Russia ) 82", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Pavel Muslimov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Sashurin 68 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sashurin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women 's 7.5 kms", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Olga Melnik ( Russia ) 23:13.3 ( 0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Olga Melnik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Svetlana Paramygina ( Belorus ) 23:58.6 ( 0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Belorus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Paramygina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Gunn Margit Andreassen ( Norway ) 24:00.4 ( 0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Gunn Margit Andreassen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Simone Greiner-Petter-Memm ( Germany ) 24:09.5 ( 1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Simone Greiner-Petter-Memm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Petra Behle ( Germany ) 24:15.4 ( 2 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Petra Behle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Behle 89", "entity": [{"entity": "Behle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Paramygina 79", "entity": [{"entity": "Paramygina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Greiner-Petter-Memm 78", "entity": [{"entity": "Greiner-Petter-Memm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-GOETCHL WINS WORLD CUP DOWNHILL .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renate Goetschl of Austria won the women 's World Cup downhill race on Saturday , according to provisional results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renate Goetschl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Katja Seizinger of Germany finished second and Islode Kostner of Italy took third .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katja Seizinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Islode Kostner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOBSLEIGH-SHIMER PILOTS USA III TO SURPRISE WIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "USA III", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "BOBSLEIGH-SHIMER", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGLS , Austria 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "IGLS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian Shimer piloted USA III to a surprise victory in a World Cup two-man bobsleigh race on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Brian Shimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "USA III", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lying fifth after the first run , Shimer and breakman Randy Jones delivered a near-perfect second trip down the 1976 Olympic course for an aggregate time of one minute 45.91 seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "Randy Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Shimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First run leaders Guenther Huber and breakman Antonio Tartaglia in the Italy I sleigh finished second two-hundredths of a second behind the Americans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guenther Huber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Antonio Tartaglia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada I , represented by Pierre Lueders and breakman Dave MacEachern , completed the third World cup event of the winter a further one-hundredth of a second behind the Italians .", "entity": [{"entity": "World cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Pierre Lueders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "Canada I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Italians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "Dave MacEachern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Canadians , winners of the opening two events in Altenberg , Germany , and La Plagne , France , increased their lead in the World Cup standings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "La Plagne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Altenberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Canadians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have 104 points , 15 ahead of USA I 's Jim Herberich and breakman Garrett Hines who managed only 10th place on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "USA I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Jim Herberich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Garrett Hines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SKIING-CHINESE MAKE PROMISING FREESTYLE SKIING DEBUT .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKIING-CHINESE", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIGNES , France 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "TIGNES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China made a promising debut on the freestyle skiing world cup circuit in an aerials event in the French resort of Tignes on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tignes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the Chinese failed to gain a place in the men 's final , they had two in the top 10 of the women 's competition , Cuo Dan finishing a respectable seventh and Xu Nannan ninth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xu Nannan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "Cuo Dan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But overall , it was France and Canada who dominated the day .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alexis Blanc and Sebastien Foucras gave France a one-two finish in the first aerials competition of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sebastien Foucras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Alexis Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blanc collected his seventh career World Cup win with a two jump combined score of 238.36 points , easily beating Foucras , the overall World Cup aerials champion , who was a distant second with 223.60 .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Foucras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada 's Jeff Bean , who had never finished higher than ninth in a World Cup event , made his first trip to the podium taking third place with a mark of 209.96 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Bean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Veronica Brenner of Canada , who picked up her first career victory at Tignes last year , made it two wins in a row at the French resort taking first in the women 's competition with a score of 170.42 .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Veronica Brenner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Tignes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swiss skiers occupied the other two places on the podium , Karin Kuster taking second with 160.55 narrowly ahead of Evelyne Leu with 160.36 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evelyne Leu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Karin Kuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOBSLEIGH-WORLD CUP TWO-MAN RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOBSLEIGH-WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of a World Cup two-man bobsleigh event on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. United States III ( Brian Shimer , Randy Jones ) one", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Shimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Randy Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "United States III", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "minute 45.91 seconds ( 52.90 / 53.01 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Italy I ( Guenther Huber , Antonio Tartaglia ) 1:45.93", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Antonio Tartaglia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "Guenther Huber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.74 / 53.19 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Canada I ( Pierre Lueders , Dave MacEachern ) 1:45.94", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Dave MacEachern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Pierre Lueders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.76 / 53.18 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. German I ( Sepp Dostthaler , Thomas Lebsa ) 1:45.95", "entity": [{"entity": "German I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Thomas Lebsa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Sepp Dostthaler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.82 / 53.13 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Switzerland I ( Reto Goetschi , Guido Acklin ) 1:45.98", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Guido Acklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Reto Goetschi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.91 / 53.07 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Germany III ( Dirk Wiese , Jakobs Marco ) 1:46.02", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany III", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Jakobs Marco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Dirk Wiese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.89 / 53.13 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Czech Republic I ( Jiri Dzmura , Pavel Polomsky )", "entity": [{"entity": "Jiri Dzmura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Pavel Polomsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Czech Republic I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1:46.06 ( 53.01 / 53.05 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Austria I ( Hubert Schoesser , Erwin Arnold ) 1:46.13", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Erwin Arnold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Hubert Schoesser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 52.92 / 53.21 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Britain I ( Sean Olsson , Dean Ward ) 1:46.26 ( 52.97/", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Dean Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Sean Olsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "53.29 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10 equal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "United States I ( Jim Herberich , Garrett", "entity": [{"entity": "Garrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Jim Herberich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "United States I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hines ) 1:46.34 ( 53.14 / 53.20 ) and Austria III", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria III", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Hines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Hannes Conti , Georg Kuttner ) 1:46.34 ( 53.30/", "entity": [{"entity": "Georg Kuttner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Hannes Conti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "53.04).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - WOOLMER MAKES SENTIMENTAL RETURN TO KANPUR .", "entity": [{"entity": "KANPUR", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "WOOLMER", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KANPUR , India 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "KANPUR", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Africa 's trip to Kanpur for the third test against India has given former England test cricketer Bob Woolmer the chance of a sentimental return to his birthplace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kanpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Bob Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woolmer was born in the northern city of Kanpur when his father worked there for an insurance compnay and was himself an active cricketer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kanpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It 's been a sentimental journey ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A visit to India is always an intriguing experience , \" Woolmer , now the South African coach , said on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "South African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woolmer , 48 , played 19 tests for England between 1975 and 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first cricketing sojurn to India was as a member of Tony Greig 's England side in 1976-77 .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Tony Greig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father Clarence Woolmer represented United Province , now renamed Uttar Pradesh , in India 's Ranji Trophy national championship and captained the state during 1949 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uttar Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Clarence Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "Ranji Trophy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "United Province", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now aged 86 , Woolmer senior lives with his son in Cape Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Town", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woolmer 's memories of Kanpur are few and blurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kanpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I do n't remember much of the place , \" he said . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I came here on zero and left at three ( aged three ) when my father was transferred to Calcutta where I spent another four and half years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcutta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But I do remember we had a cobra snake in the basement of our house .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also that my father bought a bicycle and when we rode over a hose pipe it broke into two . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woolmer said the hospital where he was born is close to the stadium where the India-South Africa test will be played .", "entity": [{"entity": "India-South Africa", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "Woolmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FREESTYLE SKIING-WORLD CUP AERIALS RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKIING-WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "freestyle skiing aerials competition on Saturday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Alexis Blanc ( France ) 238.36 points", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Alexis Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Sebastien Foucras ( France ) 223.60", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Sebastien Foucras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Jeff Bean ( Canada ) 209.96", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Jeff Bean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Eric Bergoust ( U.S ) 207.15", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Eric Bergoust", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Christian Rijavec ( Austria ) 204.17", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Christian Rijavec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Alexandre Mikhailov ( Russia ) 202.59", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Alexandre Mikhailov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Ales Valenta ( Czech Republic ) 194.02", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Ales Valenta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Andy Capicik ( Canada ) 193.82", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Andy Capicik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Trace Worthington ( U.S. ) 192.36", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Trace Worthington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Dmitri Dashinski Belarus ) 190.70", "entity": [{"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Dmitri Dashinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Veronica Brenner ( Canada ) 170.42", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Veronica Brenner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Karin Kuster ( Switzerland ) 160.55", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Karin Kuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Evelyne Leu ( Switzerland ) 160.36", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Evelyne Leu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Caroline Olivier ( Canada ) 157.10", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Caroline Olivier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Jacqui Cooper ( Australia ) 156.52", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Jacqui Cooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Marie Lindgren ( Sweden ) 154.82", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Marie Lindgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Dan Cuo ( China ) 154.61", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Dan Cuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Kristie Marshall ( Australia ) 154.60", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Kristie Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Xu Nannan ( China ) 152.08", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Xu Nannan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Hilde Synnove Lid ( Norway ) 148.20", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Hilde Synnove Lid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SKI JUMPING-LEADING WORLD CUP RESULTS / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KUUSAMO , Finland 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "KUUSAMO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading results in a", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World Cup high hill ( 120-metre ) ski jumping event on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Takanobu Okabe ( Japan ) 303.4 points ( first jump", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Takanobu Okabe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "145.4 / second jump 158 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Kazuyoshi Funaki ( Japan ) 295.4 ( 151.5 / 143.9 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Kazuyoshi Funaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Andreas Goldberger ( Austria ) 274.4 ( 144.4 / 130 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Andreas Goldberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Dieter Thoma ( Germany ) 267 ( 141.6 / 124.4 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Dieter Thoma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Ari-Pekka Nikkola ( Finland ) 256.4 ( 126 / 130.4 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Ari-Pekka Nikkola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Reinhard Schwarzenberger ( Austria ) 252.6 ( 119.7 / 132.9 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Reinhard Schwarzenberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Noriaki Kasai ( Japan ) 242 ( 124.2 / 117.8 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Noriaki Kasai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Hiroya Saitoh ( Japan ) 234.7 ( 124.6 / 110.1 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Hiroya Saitoh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Jani Soininen ( Finland ) 231.5 ( 115 / 116.5 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Jani Soininen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Kristian Brenden ( Norway ) 228.1 ( 129.4 / 98.7 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Kristian Brenden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading World Cup standings ( after three events ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Thoma 210 points", "entity": [{"entity": "Thoma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Brenden 206", "entity": [{"entity": "Brenden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Goldberger 160", "entity": [{"entity": "Goldberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Okabe 146", "entity": [{"entity": "Okabe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Funaki 143", "entity": [{"entity": "Funaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Saitoh 121", "entity": [{"entity": "Saitoh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Espen Bredesen ( Norway ) 112", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Espen Bredesen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Nikkola 101", "entity": [{"entity": "Nikkola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Soininen 85", "entity": [{"entity": "Soininen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Primoz Peterka ( Slovakia ) 76", "entity": [{"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Primoz Peterka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BADMINTON - WORLD GRAND PRIX SEMIFINAL RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD GRAND PRIX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TEMBAU DENPASAR , Bali 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "TEMBAU DENPASAR", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Bali", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "semifinals at the World Grand Prix finals on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "World Grand Prix", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fung Permadi ( Taiwan ) beat Indra Wijaya ( Indonesia ) 15-6 15-8", "entity": [{"entity": "Fung Permadi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Indra Wijaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sun Jun ( China ) beat Allan Budi Kusuma ( Indonesia ) 15-9 15-10", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun Jun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Allan Budi Kusuma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susi Susanti ( Indonesia ) beat Camilla Martin ( Denmark ) 11-1", "entity": [{"entity": "Susi Susanti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Camilla Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11-3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ye Zhaoying ( China ) beat Gong Zhichao ( China ) 11-8 11-3", "entity": [{"entity": "Ye Zhaoying", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Gong Zhichao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SPEED SKATING-RESULTS OF WORLD CUP SPEED SKATING RACES .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHONJU , South Korea 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "CHONJU", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results on the first day of the World Cup speed skating races here on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men 's 500 metres first round : 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Horii Manabu ( Japan ) 37.23 seconds ; 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Horii Manabu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jaegal Sung-Yeol ( South Korea ) 37.46 ; 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaegal Sung-Yeol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grunde Njos ( Norway ) 37.49 ; 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grunde Njos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shimizu Hiroyasu ( Japan ) 37.68 ; 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shimizu Hiroyasu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sergey Klevchenya ( Russia ) 37.86 ; 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergey Klevchenya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yamakage Hiroaki ( Japan ) 37.93 ; 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yamakage Hiroaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Casey Fitzrandolph ( US ) 37.97 ; 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casey Fitzrandolph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sylvain Bouchard ( Canada ) 38.00 ; 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sylvain Bouchard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Yoon-man ( South Korea ) 38.05 ; 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Yoon-man", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inoue Junichi ( Japan ) 38.08 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inoue Junichi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women 's 500 metres first round : 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xuc Rulhong ( China ) 40.78 ; 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuc Rulhong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Svetlana Jhurova ( Russia ) 41.08 ; 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Svetlana Jhurova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franziska Schenk ( Germany ) 41.13 ; 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franziska Schenk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okazaki Tomomi ( Japan ) 41.19 ; 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okazaki Tomomi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shimazaki Kyoko ( Japan ) 41.45 ; 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shimazaki Kyoko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marianne Timmer ( Netherlands ) 41.58 ; 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marianne Timmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jin Hua ( China ) 41.59 ; 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jin Hua", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alena Koroleva ( Russia ) 41.64 ; 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alena Koroleva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chris Witty ( US ) 41.75 ; 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Witty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anke Baler ( Germany ) 41.76 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anke Baler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men 's 1,000 metres first round :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Sylvain Bouchard ( Canada ) 1 minute 16.24 seconds", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Sylvain Bouchard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Sergey Klevchenya ( Russia ) 1:16.31", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Sergey Klevchenya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Jan Bos ( Netherlands ) 1:16.38", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Jan Bos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Grunde Njos ( Norway ) 1:16.44", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Grunde Njos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Lee Kyou-hyuk ( South Korea ) 1:16.47", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Lee Kyou-hyuk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Inoue Junichi ( Japan ) 1:16.61", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Inoue Junichi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Gerard Van Velde ( Netherlands ) 1:16.63", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Gerard Van Velde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Kim Yoon-man ( South Korea ) 1:16.75", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Kim Yoon-man", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Jeremy Wotherspoon ( Canada ) 1:16.75", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Jeremy Wotherspoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Miyabe Yasunori ( Japan ) 1:16.86", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Miyabe Yasunori", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women 's 1,000 metres first round :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Franziska Schenk ( Germany ) 1:23.17", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Franziska Schenk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Kusunose Shiho ( Japan ) 1:24.77", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Kusunose Shiho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Marianne Timmer ( Netherlands ) 1:24.86", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Marianne Timmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Anka Baier ( Germany ) 1:25.16", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Anka Baier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Becky Sundstrom ( U.S. ) 1:25.39", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Becky Sundstrom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6. Shimazaki Kyoko ( Japan ) 1:25.51", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Shimazaki Kyoko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7. Oksana Ravllova ( Russia ) 1:25.55", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Oksana Ravllova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8. Sammiya Eriko ( Japan ) 1:25.79", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Sammiya Eriko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9. Chris Witty ( U.S. ) 1:25.85", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "Chris Witty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10. Xue Rulhong ( China ) 1:25.89", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "Xue Rulhong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALPINE SKIING-OFFICIALS HOPE TO SALVAGE WORLD CUP WEEKEND .", "entity": [{"entity": "WORLD CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WHISTLER , British Columbia 1996-12-06", "entity": [{"entity": "British Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "WHISTLER", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World Cup ski officials hope to be able to get in at least one men 's downhill training run on Saturday in an effort to salvage the weekend racing programme .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the third consecutive day , Friday 's scheduled training runs were cancelled due to heavy wet snow and fog on Whistler Mountain , leaving the scheduled World Cup events in jeopardy .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "Whistler Mountain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rules call for at least one training run to be completed before a World Cup downhill race can be staged .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organisers hope to get that run in on Saturday morning , conditions permitting , and stage the race later in the day or on Sunday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There was no possibility today to make a training run , \" said Bernd Zobel , the Canadian men 's national coach , citing too much new snow and poor visibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernd Zobel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If organisers are forced to run the downhill on Sunday , the super-giant slalom originally scheduled for Sunday would likely be abandoned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - LEADING SCOTTISH PREMIER DIVISION SCORERS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCOTTISH PREMIER DIVISION", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GLASGOW 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "GLASGOW", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading goalscorers in the", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scottish premier division after Saturday 's matches :", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish premier", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10 - Billy Dodds ( Aberdeen ) , Pierre Van Hooydonk ( Celtic )", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Van Hooydonk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "Billy Dodds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 - Paul Gascoigne ( Rangers )", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Gascoigne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 - Paul Wright ( Kilmarnock ) , Ally McCoist ( Rangers )", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Ally McCoist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Kilmarnock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - Andreas Thom ( Celtic ) , Dean Windass ( Aberdeen ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Andreas Thom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "Dean Windass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian Laudrup ( Rangers ) , Darren Jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Laudrup", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Darren Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Hibernian )", "entity": [{"entity": "Hibernian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Peter van Vossen ( Rangers ) , Gerry Britton", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerry Britton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Peter van Vossen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Dunfermline ) , Colin Cameron ( Hearts ) , Robert", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunfermline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 13]}, {"entity": "Colin Cameron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Robert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Hearts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winters ( Dundee United ) , Paolo Di Canio ( Celtic ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Winters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Paolo Di Canio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - LEADING ENGLISH GOALSCORERS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ENGLISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading goalscorers in the English", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "premier league after Saturday 's matches :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13 - Ian Wright ( Arsenal )", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 - Fabrizio Ravanelli ( Middlesbrough ) , Alan Shearer", "entity": [{"entity": "Fabrizio Ravanelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Alan Shearer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Newcastle )", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 - Matthew Le Tissier ( Southampton ) , Dwight Yorke ( Aston", "entity": [{"entity": "Dwight Yorke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Aston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Matthew Le Tissier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Villa ) , Les Ferdinand ( Newcastle ) , Efan Ekoku ( Wimbledon ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Les Ferdinand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Efan Ekoku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gianluca Vialli ( Chelsea )", "entity": [{"entity": "Gianluca Vialli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Chelsea", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 - Robbie Earle ( Wimbledon ) , Les Ferdinand ( Newcastle )", "entity": [{"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Robbie Earle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Les Ferdinand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - Marcus Gayle ( Wimbledon ) , Gary Speed ( Everton ) , Chris", "entity": [{"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Marcus Gayle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Chris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Gary Speed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sutton ( Blackburn )", "entity": [{"entity": "Sutton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Blackburn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Robbie Fowler ( Liverpool ) , Steve McManaman ( Liverpool )", "entity": [{"entity": "Robbie Fowler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Steve McManaman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Peter Beardsley ( Newcastle ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Beardsley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - NORTHERN IRELAND PREMIER DIVISION RESULTS / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "NORTHERN IRELAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Northern Ireland premier", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "division matches on Saturday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ards 0 Crusaders 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Crusaders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Ards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cliftonville 1 Portadown 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Portadown", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Cliftonville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glenavon 2 Linfield 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Linfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "Glenavon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glentoran 1 Coleraine 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Coleraine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Glentoran", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings ( tabulated - played , won , drawn , lost , goals for ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "goals against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coleraine 10 7 1 2 18 11 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Coleraine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linfield 10 4 3 3 13 10 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Linfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crusaders 10 3 4 3 11 9 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Crusaders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glenavon 10 3 4 3 15 14 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenavon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glentoran 10 3 3 4 18 18 12", "entity": [{"entity": "Glentoran", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portadown 9 3 3 3 11 12 12", "entity": [{"entity": "Portadown", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ards 10 3 2 5 12 17 11", "entity": [{"entity": "Ards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cliftonville 9 1 4 4 5 12 7", "entity": [{"entity": "Cliftonville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUGBY UNION - BRITISH RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "RUGBY UNION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of British rugby union", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "matches on Saturday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilkington Cup fourth round", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilkington Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reading 50 Widnes 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Widnes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Reading", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "English division one", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bath 35 Harlequins 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Harlequins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Bath", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gloucester 29 London Irish 19", "entity": [{"entity": "London Irish", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Gloucester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orrell 22 West Hartlepool 15", "entity": [{"entity": "West Hartlepool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "Orrell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wasps 15 Bristol 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Wasps", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welsh division one", "entity": [{"entity": "Welsh", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caerphilly 20 Cardiff 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Caerphilly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Llanelli 97 Newbridge 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Newbridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Llanelli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newport 45 Dunvant 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunvant", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Newport", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pontypridd 53 Bridgend 9", "entity": [{"entity": "Bridgend", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Pontypridd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swansea 49 Neath 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Neath", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "Swansea", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treorchy 13 Ebbw Vale 17", "entity": [{"entity": "Ebbw Vale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Treorchy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scottish division one", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boroughmuir 31 Watsonians 35", "entity": [{"entity": "Watsonians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Boroughmuir", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SCOTTISH PREMIER DIVISION SUMMARIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCOTTISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summaries of Scottish premier division matches played on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dunfermline 2 ( Millar 43 , 46 penalty ) Aberdeen 3 ( Miller 10 , Rowson 55 , Windass 78 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Millar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Rowson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Dunfermline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance : 5,465", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hearts 0 Raith 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raith", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "Hearts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10,719", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kilmarnock 0 Dundee United 2 ( Olafsson 22 , 51 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Olafsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Kilmarnock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "0-1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5,812", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motherwell 2 ( Davies 39 , Ross 89 ) Celtic 1 ( Hay 83 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Hay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "Motherwell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11,589", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Middlesbrough 0 Leeds 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Sunderland 1 ( Melville 83 ) Wimbledon 3 ( Ekoku 8 , 29 , Holdsworth", "entity": [{"entity": "Melville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Holdsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Ekoku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "SOCCER - SCOTTISH LEAGUE STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCOTTISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Standings in English league soccer", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "after Saturday 's matches ( tabulated - played , won , drawn , lost ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "goals for , goals against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Watford 21 9 9 3 24 18 36", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wrexham 20 9 8 3 27 22 35", "entity": [{"entity": "Wrexham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crewe 21 11 1 9 29 21 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Crewe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bristol City 21 9 6 6 36 23 33", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bristol Rovers 22 7 7 8 22 23 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shrewsbury 22 7 6 9 26 33 27", "entity": [{"entity": "Shrewsbury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "York 21 7 5 9 23 29 26", "entity": [{"entity": "York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blackpool 22 5 10 7 22 24 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walsall 21 7 4 10 21 25 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Walsall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gillingham 22 7 4 11 21 27 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Gillingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preston 22 7 4 11 21 27 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Preston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bournemouth 22 7 4 11 20 27 25", "entity": [{"entity": "Bournemouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plymouth 22 5 8 9 24 31 23", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peterborough 22 4 8 10 32 41 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Peterborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notts County 21 5 5 11 15 23 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Notts County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wycombe 22 4 5 13 17 33 17", "entity": [{"entity": "Wycombe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotherham 21 3 6 12 18 33 15", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotherham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fulham 22 15 3 4 36 16 48", "entity": [{"entity": "Fulham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cambridge 22 13 3 6 33 27 42", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wigan 21 12 4 5 39 24 40", "entity": [{"entity": "Wigan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carlisle 22 11 7 4 32 20 40", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlisle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiff 21 10 4 7 25 22 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swansea 22 9 5 8 25 25 32", "entity": [{"entity": "Swansea", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barnet 22 8 8 6 23 17 32", "entity": [{"entity": "Barnet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchester 22 7 10 5 32 26 31", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scunthorpe 22 9 4 9 28 30 31", "entity": [{"entity": "Scunthorpe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northampton 22 8 6 8 31 26 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Northampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scarborough 21 7 9 5 30 27 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lincoln 22 8 6 8 28 33 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chester 21 8 6 7 23 23 30", "entity": [{"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hull 22 6 11 5 20 22 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Hull", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Torquay 22 8 4 10 22 24 28", "entity": [{"entity": "Torquay", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rochdale 21 6 8 7 27 26 26", "entity": [{"entity": "Rochdale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exeter 22 7 5 10 21 28 26", "entity": [{"entity": "Exeter", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doncaster 22 7 3 12 24 33 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Doncaster", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mansfield 21 5 9 7 21 22 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Mansfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leyton Orient 21 6 6 9 16 19 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Leyton Orient", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereford 22 6 5 11 23 31 23", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Darlington 22 6 4 12 30 39 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Darlington", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hartlepool 21 6 4 11 23 28 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Hartlepool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brighton 22 3 4 15 18 42 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Brighton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - VIEIRA SAVES ARSENAL WITH LAST-MINUTE EQUALISER .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARSENAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "VIEIRA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frenchman Patrick Vieira blasted a last-minute goal to salvage a 2-2 draw for English premier league leaders Arsenal at home to Derby on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Vieira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Frenchman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Derby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The London club had been rocked by a two-goal burst from forwards Dean Sturridge and Darryl Powell in the 62nd and 71st minutes which overturned Arsenal 's 1-0 lead from a diving header by captain Tony Adams on the stroke of halftime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Dean Sturridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Tony Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Darryl Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liverpool suffered an upset first home league defeat of the season , beaten 1-0 by a Guy Whittingham goal for Sheffield Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guy Whittingham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wimbledon leap-frogged over Liverpool into second place by winning 3-1 at Sunderland to extend their unbeaten league and cup run to 18 games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two strikes by Efan Ekoku in the first half and a late goal from fellow forward Dean Holdsworth secured victory for Wimbledon , who trail pacemakers Arsenal by four points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Efan Ekoku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Dean Holdsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SCOTTISH LEAGUE AND CUP RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCOTTISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Scottish league and cup", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "matches played on Saturday :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dunfermline 2 Aberdeen 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Dunfermline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hearts 0 Raith 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Raith", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "Hearts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kilmarnock 0 Dundee United 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Kilmarnock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motherwell 2 Celtic 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Motherwell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rangers 4 Hibernian 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Hibernian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Division one", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dundee 2 Falkirk 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Falkirk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greenock Morton 0 St Johnstone 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenock Morton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "St Johnstone", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postponed : Airdrieonians v Clydebank ( to Wednesday ) , East", "entity": [{"entity": "Clydebank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "East", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "Airdrieonians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fife v Partick , Stirling v St Mirren ( to Tuesday )", "entity": [{"entity": "Stirling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Partick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "St Mirren", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Fife", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Division two", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Livingston 2 Stenhousemuir 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Stenhousemuir", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Livingston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stranraer 0 Brechin 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Brechin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Stranraer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Division three", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ross County 4 Montrose 4", "entity": [{"entity": "Ross County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Montrose", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postponed : Forfar v Alloa , Inverness Thistle v Queen 's Park", "entity": [{"entity": "Alloa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Queen 's Park", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Inverness Thistle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Forfar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scottish Cup first round", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alloa 3 Hawick 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Alloa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elgin City 0 Whitehill 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Elgin City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Whitehill", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postponed : Albion v Forfar , Huntly v Clyde ( both now play on", "entity": [{"entity": "Forfar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Huntly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Clyde", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "December 14 )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ENGLISH LEAGUE AND CUP RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ENGLISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of English league and cup", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenal 2 Derby 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Derby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chelsea 2 Everton 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Chelsea", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coventry 1 Tottenham 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "Coventry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leicester 1 Blackburn 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackburn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Leicester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liverpool 0 Sheffield Wednesday 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middlesbrough 0 Leeds 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southampton 0 Aston Villa 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sunderland 1 Wimbledon 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Wimbledon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barnsley 3 Southend 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Southend", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "Barnsley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Birmingham 0 Grimsby 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Grimsby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Birmingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charlton 2 Swindon 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Swindon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Charlton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal Palace 2 Oxford 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Crystal Palace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Huddersfield 2 Norwich 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Norwich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Huddersfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ipswich 0 Wolverhampton 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolverhampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Ipswich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manchester City 3 Bradford 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Bradford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oldham 0 Queens Park Rangers 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens Park Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "Oldham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reading 0 Port Vale 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Port Vale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Reading", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sheffield United 1 Portsmouth 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Portsmouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stoke 2 Tranmere 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Tranmere", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Stoke", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Playing Sunday : West Bromwich v Bolton", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Bolton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "F.A. Challenge Cup second round", "entity": [{"entity": "F.A. Challenge Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barnet 3 Wycombe 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Wycombe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Barnet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blackpool 0 Hednesford 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Hednesford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bristol City 9 St Albans 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "St Albans", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cambridge United 0 Woking 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Woking", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carlisle 1 Darlington 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Darlington", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Carlisle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chester 1 Boston 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chesterfield 2 Scarborough 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Chesterfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enfield 1 Peterborough 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Peterborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Enfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hull 1 Crewe 5", "entity": [{"entity": "Crewe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Hull", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leyton Orient 1 Stevenage 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Leyton Orient", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Stevenage", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luton 2 Boreham Wood 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Boreham Wood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Luton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mansfield 0 Stockport 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Stockport", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Mansfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notts County 3 Rochdale 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Notts County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Rochdale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preston 2 York 3", "entity": [{"entity": "York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Preston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sudbury Town 1 Brentford 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Sudbury Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Brentford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walsall 1 Burnley 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Burnley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Walsall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Watford 5 Ashford Town 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashford Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wrexham 2 Scunthorpe 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Scunthorpe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Wrexham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiff 0 Gillingham 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Gillingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUGBY UNION - CAMPESE SIGNS OFF WITH TRY IN WALLABY ROMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAMPESE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "RUGBY UNION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "WALLABY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia bade farewell to David Campese in spectacular fashion by overwhelming the Barbarians 39-12 in the final match of their European tour at Twickenham on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twickenham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "David Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wallabies ran in five tries with Campese , who has retired from test rugby after collecting 101 caps and a world record 64 tries , adding one last touchdown in a Wallaby jersey before departing the international game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wallabies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Wallaby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Barbarians included 14 internationals but , with only two pre-match practice sessions behind them , proved no real match for a Wallaby side determined to finish their 12-match tour unbeaten .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Wallaby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The touring team were 27-0 ahead by half-time before easing up in the second-half .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full-back Matthew Burke finished with a personal haul of 24 points to take his tour aggregate to 136 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUGBY UNION - AUSTRALIA BEAT BARBARIANS 39-12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RUGBY UNION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BARBARIANS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "AUSTRALIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia beat the Barbarians 39-12 ( halftime 27-0 ) in the final match of their European tour on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia - Tries : Matthew Burke ( 2 ) , Joe Roff , David Campese , Tim Horan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Horan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Matthew Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "David Campese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Joe Roff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penalties : Burke ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversions : Burke ( 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barbarians - Tries : Alan Bateman , Scott Quinnell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Quinnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Alan Bateman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Barbarians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion : Rob Andrew .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Andrew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GOLF - ZIMBABWE OPEN THIRD ROUND SCORES .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZIMBABWE OPEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HARARE 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "HARARE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leading third round scores in the", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zimbabwe Open on Saturday ( South African unless stated ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe Open", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "South African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "201 Mark McNulty ( Zimbabwe ) 72 61 68", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Mark McNulty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "205 Des Terblanche 65 67 73", "entity": [{"entity": "Des Terblanche", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "206 Nick Price ( Zimbabwe ) 68 68 70", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Nick Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "207 Clinton Whitelaw 70 70 67 , Mark Cayeux ( Zimbabwe )", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Mark Cayeux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Clinton Whitelaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "69 69 69 , Justin Hobday 71 65 71", "entity": [{"entity": "Justin Hobday", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "209 Steve van Vuuren 65 69 75", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve van Vuuren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "210 Brett Liddle 75 65 70", "entity": [{"entity": "Brett Liddle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "211 Hugh Baiocchi 73 67 71 , Greg Reid 72 68 71 , Mark", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Greg Reid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Hugh Baiocchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murless 71 67 73", "entity": [{"entity": "Murless", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "212 Trevor Dodds ( Namibia ) 72 69 71 , Schalk van der", "entity": [{"entity": "Schalk van der", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Trevor Dodds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Merwe ( Namibia ) 67 73 72 , Hennie Swart 75 64 73 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Hennie Swart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Merwe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrew Pitts ( U.S. ) 69 67 76", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Pitts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "213 Sean Farrell ( Zimbabwe ) 77 68 68 , Glen Cayeux", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Glen Cayeux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Sean Farrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Zimbabwe ) 75 68 70 , Nic Henning 73 70 70 , Dion", "entity": [{"entity": "Dion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "Nic Henning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourie 69 73 71", "entity": [{"entity": "Fourie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "214 Steven Waltman 72 70 72 , Bradford Vaughan 72 71", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradford Vaughan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "Steven Waltman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "71 , Andrew Park 72 67 75 , Desvonde Botes 72 68 74 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Park", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Desvonde Botes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - REINSTATED ALBANIA NAMES SQUAD TO PLAY N.IRELAND .", "entity": [{"entity": "N.IRELAND", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "ALBANIA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TIRANA 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "TIRANA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albanian coach Astrit Hafizi said on Saturday it was important that his players brush aside the country 's short ban by FIFA in order to concentrate on next Saturday'sWorld Cup group nine qualifier against Northern Ireland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Astrit Hafizi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Albanian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Saturday'sWorld Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 176]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [206, 222]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World soccer 's governing body reinstated Albania last Tuesday after the Balkan country 's government lifted suspensions on various soccer officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Balkan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Albania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIFA had banned Albania indefinitely after its sports ministry had ordered the suspension of Albanian Football Association general secretary Eduard Dervishi and dissolved the executive committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduard Dervishi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Albanian Football Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 122]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Albania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We would be very happy with a draw in Belfast , \" said Hafizi . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Hafizi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially if one takes into consideration our difficult post-suspension situation and the fact Northern Ireland is very keen to win . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regular defender Artur Lekbello , who is injured , was missing from Hafizi 's squad named on Saturday for the Belfast match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hafizi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Artur Lekbello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goalkeepers - Blendi Nallbani , Armir Grima", "entity": [{"entity": "Armir Grima", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Blendi Nallbani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defenders - Rudi Vata , Saimir Malko , Arjan Xhumba , Ilir Shulku , Afrim Tole , Nevil Dede , Arjan Bellai", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudi Vata", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Saimir Malko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Arjan Bellai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Afrim Tole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Nevil Dede", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Ilir Shulku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Arjan Xhumba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midfielders - Bledar Kola , Altin Haxhi , Sokol Prenga , Ervin Fakaj", "entity": [{"entity": "Altin Haxhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "Bledar Kola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Sokol Prenga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Ervin Fakaj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forwards - Altin Rraklli , Viktor Paco , Fatmir Vata , Erjon Bogdani .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Paco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "Altin Rraklli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "Fatmir Vata", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Erjon Bogdani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRICKET - JONES HITS CENTURY AS VICTORIA FIGHT BACK .", "entity": [{"entity": "JONES", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "VICTORIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOBART , Australia 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "HOBART", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former Australia test batsman Dean Jones hit an unbeaten 130 to lead Victoria 's fightback in their Sheffield Shield match against Tasmania on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "Dean Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Sheffield Shield", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replying to the home side 's first innings 481 for eight declared , Victoria reached 220 for three at close of play on the second day of the four-day match at Hobart 's Bellerive Oval .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bellerive Oval", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "Hobart", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jones became the fourth century-maker of the match , equalling the feats of Tasmanian trio David Boon , Shaun Young and Michael DiVenuto .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Michael DiVenuto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "Shaun Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "Tasmanian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "David Boon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jones , who took over as captain for the match in the absence of Australia test leg-spinner Shane Warne , added 195 runs for the third wicket with left-hander Laurie Harper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shane Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Laurie Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harper was eventually dismissed for 77 after the pair joined forces with their side reeling on nine for two .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier , former Australia test batsman David Boon scored 118 and all-rounder Shaun Young hit 113 .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Boon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Shaun Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pair hammered 36 boundaries between them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pace bowler Ian Harvey claimed three for 81 for Victoria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Harvey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Pace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Close of play score on the second day of the four-day Sheffield Shield cricket match between Tasmania and Victoria at Bellerive Oval on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Shield", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "Bellerive Oval", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tasmania 481 for eight declared ( Michael DiVenuto 119 , David Boon 118 , Shaun Young 113 ) ; Victoria 220 for three ( Dean Jones 130 not out ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael DiVenuto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "David Boon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "Dean Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Shaun Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SOUTH KOREA MOVE CLOSE TO QUARTER-FINAL BERTH .", "entity": [{"entity": "SOUTH KOREA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABU DHABI 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "ABU DHABI", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea made virtually certain of an Asian Cup quarter-final spot with a 4-2 win over Indonesia in a Group A match on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After going four up in the first 55 minutes South Korea allowed Indonesia , newcomers to Asian Cup finals , back into the match , conceding two goals from rare counter attacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Do Hoon opened the scoring for South Korea in only the fifth minute , turning unmarked on the penalty spot to fire a shot into the top corner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Do Hoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It looked like turning into a rout as Hwang Sun Hong rapidly added two more in the seventh and 15th minutes but although the Koreans continued to dominate they failed to add to the score before the interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hwang Sun Hong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Koreans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they started the second half where they had left off and it was not long before they went four up , Ko Jeong Woon heading in from a free kick in the 55th minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ko Jeong Woon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Koreans then appeared to relax , allowing the Indonesians to get back into the match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Koreans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ronny Wabia scored for Indonesia three minutes later direct from a a corner kick that Korean goalkeeper Kim Byung reached with one hand but failed to keep out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Ronny Wabia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "Kim Byung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 65 minutes gone Indonesia 's Widodo Putra , who scored a spectacular goal against Kuwait on Wednesday , was again on target , breaking through the Korean defence to beat the keeper with a low shot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "Widodo Putra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indonesian keeper Hendro Kartiko produced a string of fine saves to prevent the Koreans increasing their lead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendro Kartiko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Koreans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indonesia : 20 - Hendro Kartiko ; 2 - Agung Setyabudi ; 3 - Suwandi Siswoyo ; 4 - Yeyen Tumera ; 5 - Aples Tecuari ; 6 - Sudiriman ; 7 - Widodo Gahyo Purta ; 8 - Ronny Wabia ; 11 - Bima Sakti ; 12 - Chris Yarangga ( 15 - Francis Wewengken 36 ) ; 16 - Marzuki Badriawan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeyen Tumera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Ronny Wabia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "Francis Wewengken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 238]}, {"entity": "Bima Sakti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 191]}, {"entity": "Marzuki Badriawan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [251, 268]}, {"entity": "Hendro Kartiko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Aples Tecuari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Suwandi Siswoyo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Sudiriman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Widodo Gahyo Purta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 155]}, {"entity": "Chris Yarangga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 213]}, {"entity": "Agung Setyabudi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea : 1 - Kim Byung Ji ; 2 - Kim Pan Keun ; 5 - Huh Ki Tae ; 8 - Roh Sang Rae ( 7 - Sin Tae Yong 33 ) ; 9 - Kim Do Hoon ; 11 - Ko Jeong Woon ; 17 - Ha Seok Ju ; 18 - Hwang Sun Hong ; 22 - Lee Young Jin ; 23 - Yoo Sang Chul ; 24 - Kim Joo Sung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Pan Keun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Ha Seok Ju", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "Hwang Sun Hong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 188]}, {"entity": "Kim Joo Sung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [238, 250]}, {"entity": "Sin Tae Yong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Yoo Sang Chul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 230]}, {"entity": "Kim Do Hoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Ko Jeong Woon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Kim Byung Ji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Lee Young Jin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 209]}, {"entity": "Roh Sang Rae", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Huh Ki Tae", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ISRAELI FIRST DIVISION RESULTS / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISRAELI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JERUSALEM 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "JERUSALEM", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of first division soccer", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "matches played over the weekend :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zafririm Holon 1 Hapoel Petah Tikva 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Zafririm Holon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Hapoel Petah Tikva", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Haifa 1 Hapoel Taibe 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Haifa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Hapoel Taibe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Kfar Sava 1 Bnei Yehuda 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Bnei Yehuda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Hapoel Kfar Sava", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Tel Aviv 1 Betar Jerusalem 4", "entity": [{"entity": "Betar Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "Hapoel Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Jerusalem 0 Maccabi Tel Aviv 4", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Maccabi Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ironi Rishon Lezion 1 Maccabi Herzliya 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Herzliya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "Ironi Rishon Lezion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Beit She'an 2 Hapoel Beersheba 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Beersheba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "Hapoel Beit She'an", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Petah Tikva 0 Hapoel Haifa 2", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Haifa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "Maccabi Petah Tikva", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "for , against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Betar Jerusalem 12 10 2 0 28 7 32", "entity": [{"entity": "Betar Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Petah Tikva 12 9 2 1 27 13 29", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Petah Tikva", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Beersheba 12 8 0 4 18 9 24", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Beersheba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Tel Aviv 12 6 4 2 21 14 22", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Petah Tikva 12 6 2 4 14 12 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Petah Tikva", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bnei Yehuda 12 6 2 4 15 15 20", "entity": [{"entity": "Bnei Yehuda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Haifa 12 6 1 5 21 16 19", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Haifa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Haifa 12 4 4 4 14 15 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Haifa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Kfar Sava 12 5 1 6 10 11 16", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Kfar Sava", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Jerusalem 12 4 1 7 10 18 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ironi Rishon Lezion 12 4 1 7 13 24 13", "entity": [{"entity": "Ironi Rishon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zafririm Holon 12 2 4 6 8 14 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Zafririm Holon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maccabi Herzliya 12 3 1 8 5 12 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Maccabi Herzliya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Taiba 12 3 1 8 10 21 10", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Taiba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Beit She'an 12 2 3 7 9 13 9", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Beit She'an", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hapoel Tel Aviv 12 2 3 7 7 16 9", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ASIAN CUP RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASIAN CUP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Asian Cup group A matches on Saturday :", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "United Arab Emirates 3 Kuwait 2 ( halftime 0-2 )", "entity": [{"entity": "United Arab Emirates", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UAE - Hassan Ahmed 53 , Adnan Al Talyani 55 , Bakhit Saad 80", "entity": [{"entity": "Hassan Ahmed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "Bakhit Saad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Adnan Al Talyani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuwait - Jassem Al-Huwaidi 9 , 44", "entity": [{"entity": "Jassem Al-Huwaidi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance : 15,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea 4 Indonesia 2 ( 3-0 )", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea - Kim Do Hoon 5 , Hwang Sun Hong 7 and 15 , Koo", "entity": [{"entity": "Hwang Sun Hong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Koo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Kim Do Hoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeon Woon 55", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeon Woon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indonesia - Ronny Wabia 58 , Widodo Putra 65", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronny Wabia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Widodo Putra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance : 2,000", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group A standings ( tabulate under : played , won , drawn , lost ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "goals for , against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea 2 1 1 0 5 3 4", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UAE 2 1 1 0 4 3 4", "entity": [{"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuwait 2 0 1 1 4 5 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indonesia 2 0 1 1 4 6 1", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBA BASKETBALL - STANDINGS AFTER FRIDAY 'S GAMES .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basketball Association teams after games played on Friday", "entity": [{"entity": "Basketball Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIAMI 14 5 .737 -", "entity": [{"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW YORK 11 6 .647 2", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORLANDO 8 7 .533 4", "entity": [{"entity": "ORLANDO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 7 9 .438 5 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA 7 10 .412 6", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW JERSEY 4 10 .286 7 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOSTON 4 13 .235 9", "entity": [{"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT 14 3 .824 2 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLEVELAND 11 6 .647 5 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "CLEVELAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INDIANA 8 8 .500 8", "entity": [{"entity": "INDIANA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHARLOTTE 8 9 .471 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "CHARLOTTE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UTAH 15 2 .882 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "UTAH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MINNESOTA 7 11 .389 9", "entity": [{"entity": "MINNESOTA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAN ANTONIO 3 14 .176 12 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN ANTONIO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VANCOUVER 3 16 .158 13 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LA LAKERS 14 7 .667 1 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "LA LAKERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PORTLAND 12 8 .600 3", "entity": [{"entity": "PORTLAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GOLDEN STATE 6 13 .316 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "GOLDEN STATE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SACRAMENTO 6 13 .316 8 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "SACRAMENTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHOENIX 3 14 .176 10 1/2", "entity": [{"entity": "PHOENIX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SATURDAY , DECEMBER 7 SCHEDULE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TORONTO AT ATLANTA", "entity": [{"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ATLANTA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LA CLIPPERS AT NEW YORK", "entity": [{"entity": "LA CLIPPERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "NEW YORK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MILWAUKEE AT WASHINGTON", "entity": [{"entity": "MILWAUKEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT AT NEW JERSEY", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIAMI AT CHICAGO", "entity": [{"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VANCOUVER AT DALLAS", "entity": [{"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA AT HOUSTON", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "HOUSTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UTAH AT DENVER", "entity": [{"entity": "UTAH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "DENVER", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHARLOTTE AT SEATTLE", "entity": [{"entity": "CHARLOTTE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "SEATTLE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBA BASKETBALL - FRIDAY 'S RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of National Basketball", "entity": [{"entity": "National Basketball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association games on Friday ( home team in CAPS ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Jersey 110 BOSTON 108 ( OT )", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DETROIT 93 Cleveland 81", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "DETROIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York 103 MIAMI 85", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "MIAMI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phoenix 101 SACRAMENTO 95", "entity": [{"entity": "SACRAMENTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vancouver 105 SAN ANTONIO 89", "entity": [{"entity": "SAN ANTONIO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UTAH 106 Minnesota 95", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "UTAH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PORTLAND 97 Charlotte 93", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "PORTLAND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indiana 86 GOLDEN STATE 71", "entity": [{"entity": "GOLDEN STATE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Indiana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LA LAKERS 92 Orlando 81", "entity": [{"entity": "LA LAKERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Orlando", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NHL ICE HOCKEY - STANDINGS AFTER FRIDAY 'S GAMES .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League teams after games played on Friday ( tabulate under won ,", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lost , tied , goals for , goals against , points ) :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO 13 12 2 78 77 28", "entity": [{"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MONTREAL 11 14 4 99 104 26", "entity": [{"entity": "MONTREAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PITTSBURGH 10 13 3 86 94 23", "entity": [{"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OTTAWA 7 12 6 64 77 20", "entity": [{"entity": "OTTAWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHILADELPHIA 15 12 2 81 78 32", "entity": [{"entity": "PHILADELPHIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON 13 13 1 72 71 27", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY RANGERS 11 13 5 97 86 27", "entity": [{"entity": "NY RANGERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DALLAS 16 10 1 77 66 33", "entity": [{"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST LOUIS 14 14 0 82 84 28", "entity": [{"entity": "ST LOUIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO 12 13 3 72 70 27", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TORONTO 11 16 0 81 95 22", "entity": [{"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COLORADO 17 7 4 100 60 38", "entity": [{"entity": "COLORADO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EDMONTON 14 14 1 99 90 29", "entity": [{"entity": "EDMONTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANAHEIM 9 14 5 74 87 23", "entity": [{"entity": "ANAHEIM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHOENIX AT NEW JERSEY", "entity": [{"entity": "NEW JERSEY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "PHOENIX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CALGARY AT BOSTON", "entity": [{"entity": "CALGARY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "BOSTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO AT HARTFORD", "entity": [{"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "HARTFORD", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WASHINGTON AT NY ISLANDERS", "entity": [{"entity": "NY ISLANDERS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHICAGO AT MONTREAL", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "MONTREAL", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY RANGERS AT TORONTO", "entity": [{"entity": "NY RANGERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "TORONTO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANAHEIM AT PITTSBURGH", "entity": [{"entity": "ANAHEIM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "PITTSBURGH", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COLORADO AT LOS ANGELES", "entity": [{"entity": "LOS ANGELES", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "COLORADO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAMPA BAY AT SAN JOSE", "entity": [{"entity": "TAMPA BAY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "SAN JOSE", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OTTAWA AT VANCOUVER", "entity": [{"entity": "OTTAWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "VANCOUVER", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NHL ICE HOCKEY - FRIDAY 'S RESULTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "League games on Friday ( home team in CAPS ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NY RANGERS 6 Toronto 5", "entity": [{"entity": "NY RANGERS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUFFALO 1 Anaheim 1 ( OT )", "entity": [{"entity": "Anaheim", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "BUFFALO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pittsburgh 5 WASHINGTON 3", "entity": [{"entity": "WASHINGTON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Montreal 3 CHICAGO 1", "entity": [{"entity": "CHICAGO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philadelphia 6 DALLAS 3", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "DALLAS", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St Louis 4 COLORADO 3", "entity": [{"entity": "St Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "COLORADO", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EDMONTON 5 Ottawa 2", "entity": [{"entity": "EDMONTON", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NHL ICE HOCKEY - CANUCKS RW BURE SUSPENDED FOR ONE GAME .", "entity": [{"entity": "CANUCKS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "BURE", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vancouver Canucks star right wing Pavel Bure was suspended for one game by the National Hockey League and fined $ 1,000 Friday for his hit on Buffalo Sabres defenceman Garry Galley on Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Hockey League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "Buffalo Sabres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "Pavel Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Vancouver Canucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Garry Galley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bure received a double-minor penalty for high-sticking with 2:22 left in the first period of Wednesday 's 7-6 overtime win by Vancouver after colliding with Galley in Buffalo zone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 163]}, {"entity": "Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Buffalo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galley suffered a concussion and did not return to the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Mr Bure left his feet to deliver a forearm blow to Mr Galley as he was about to be checked legally by his opponent , \" said NHL discipline chief Brian Burke in handing out the suspension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "Brian Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Although it is clear from the videotape that Mr Bure 's actions were a reaction to the impending hit and there was no intent to injure his opponent , there can be no excuse for this type of conduct , \" Burke said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bure , who is struggling with only nine goals and 12 assists in 26 games , will miss Saturday 's home game against Ottawa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOXING - SCHULZ DEFEATS RIBALTA IN IBF HEAVYWEIGHT FIGHT .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCHULZ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "RIBALTA", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "IBF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VIENNA 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "VIENNA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German Axel Schulz outpointed Cuba 's Jose Ribalta in their International Boxing Federation non-title 10-round heavyweight fight on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Boxing Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 91]}, {"entity": "Jose Ribalta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Cuba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Axel Schulz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SPANISH FIRST DIVISION SUMMARY .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPANISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MADRID 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "MADRID", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summary of Saturday 's Spanish first division match :", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid 2 ( Davor Suker 24 , Predrag Mijatovic 48 ) Barcelona 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Predrag Mijatovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "Davor Suker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attendance 106,000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - BALKAN STRIKE FORCE WIN OLD FIRM GAME FOR REAL .", "entity": [{"entity": "REAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "BALKAN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid 's Balkan strike force of Davor Suker and Predrag Mijatovic shot their side to a 2-0 win over Barcelona in Spain 's old firm game on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Predrag Mijatovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "Balkan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Davor Suker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result leaves Real on 38 points after 16 games , four ahead of Barcelona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With just one league match scheduled before the New Year break , Real are also assured of spending Christmas ahead of their arch-rivals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mix-up in the Barcelona defence let Croatian international Suker in midway through the first half , and Montenegrin striker Mijatovic made it 2-0 after fine work by Clarence Seedorf just after the break .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montenegrin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Croatian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Suker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Clarence Seedorf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 183]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Mijatovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barcelona fought back strongly but were twice denied by the woodwork on an unusually quiet night for Brazilian striker Ronaldo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Ronaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - PSV HIT VOLENDAM FOR SIX .", "entity": [{"entity": "VOLENDAM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "PSV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMSTERDAM 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "AMSTERDAM", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazilian striker Marcelo and Yugoslav midfielder Zeljko Petrovic each scored twice as Dutch first division leaders PSV Eindhoven romped to a 6-0 win over Volendam on Saturday .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSV Eindhoven", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Volendam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Zeljko Petrovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "Marcelo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their other marksmen were Brazilian defender Vampeta and Belgian striker Luc Nilis , his 14th of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vampeta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "Luc Nilis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PSV , well on the way to their 14th league title , outgunned Volendam in every department of the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Volendam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "PSV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They boast a nine-point lead over Feyenoord , who have two games in hand , and are 16 points clear of champions Ajax Amsterdam , who have played 18 matches compared to PSV 's 19 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ajax Amsterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "PSV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 171]}, {"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ajax face AZ Alkmaar away on Sunday and Feyenoord , eliminated from the UEFA Cup after losing 4-2 on aggregate to Tenerife on Tuesday , travel to De Graafschap Doetinchem .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZ Alkmaar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "De Graafschap Doetinchem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 170]}, {"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "UEFA Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Ajax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Tenerife", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Doetinchem side , dubbed \" The Super Peasants \" , are one of the surprise packages of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doetinchem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "The Super Peasants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are fourth in the table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - SPANISH FIRST DIVISION RESULT / STANDINGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPANISH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result of Saturday 's only Spanish", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "first division match :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid 2 Barcelona 0", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standings ( tabulate under games played , won , drawn , lost ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid 16 11 5 0 32 12 38", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barcelona 16 10 4 2 46 21 34", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOCCER - ENGLISHMAN CHARLTON IS MADE AN HONORARY IRISHMAN .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHARLTON", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "ENGLISHMAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "IRISHMAN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DUBLIN 1996-12-07", "entity": [{"entity": "DUBLIN", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jack Charlton 's relationship with the people of Ireland was cemented on Saturday when the Englishman was officially declared one of their own .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Jack Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Englishman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charlton , 61 , and his wife , Peggy , became citizens of Ireland when they formally received Irish passports from deputy Prime Minister Dick Spring who said the honour had been made in recognition of Charlton 's achievements as the national soccer manager .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Peggy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Dick Spring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The years I spent as manager of the Republic of Ireland were the best years of my life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republic of Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It all culminated in the fact that I now have lots of great , great friends in Ireland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is why this is so emotional a night for me , \" Charlton said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It was the joy that we all had over the period , that I shared with people that I grew to love , that I treasure most , \" he added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charlton managed Ireland for 93 matches , during which time they lost only 17 times in almost 10 years until he resigned in December 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He guided Ireland to two successive World Cup finals tournaments and to the 1988 European championship finals in Germany , after the Irish beat a well-fancied England team 1-0 in their group qualifier .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lanky former Leeds United defender did not make his England debut until the age of 30 but eventually won 35 caps and was a key member of the 1966 World Cup winning team with his younger brother , Bobby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "Bobby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "1966 World Cup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
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+["algorithm", "conference", "else", "product", "task", "field", "metrics", "organization", "researcher", "program language", "country", "location", "person", "university"]
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+{"text": "Typical generative model approaches include naive Bayes classifier s , Gaussian mixture model s , variational autoencoders and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "naive Bayes classifier", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "Gaussian mixture model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "variational autoencoders", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [98, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , every other year , ELRA organizes a major conference LREC , the International Language Resources and Evaluation Conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "ELRA", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "LREC", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "International Language Resources and Evaluation Conference", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [74, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The task is usually to derive the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters of the HMM given the of output sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood estimate", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike neural network s and Support vector machine , the AdaBoost training process selects only those features known to improve the predictive power of the model , reducing dimensionality and potentially improving execution time as irrelevant features need not be computed .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Support vector machine", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "AdaBoost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponymy is one of the possible relations between verb s in the semantic network of the WordNet database .", "entity": [{"entity": "Troponymy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "semantic network", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "WordNet database", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A frame language is a technology used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "knowledge representation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [42, 66]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [70, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NIST also differs from Bilingual evaluation understudy in its calculation of the brevity penalty insofar as small variations in translation length do not impact the overall score as much .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Bilingual evaluation understudy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [23, 54]}, {"entity": "brevity penalty", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model is initially fit on a training dataset , The model ( e.g. a neural net or a naive Bayes classifier ) is trained on the training dataset using a supervised learning method , for example using optimization methods such as gradient descent or stochastic gradient descent .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural net", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "naive Bayes classifier", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [86, 108]}, {"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [154, 173]}, {"entity": "gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [230, 246]}, {"entity": "stochastic gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [250, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FrameNet has been used in applications like question answering , paraphrasing , recognizing textual entailment , and information extraction , either directly or by means of Semantic Role Labeling tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "FrameNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "question answering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "paraphrasing", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "recognizing textual entailment", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [80, 110]}, {"entity": "information extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [117, 139]}, {"entity": "Semantic Role Labeling", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [173, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would include programs such as data analysis and extraction tools , spreadsheets ( e.g. Excel ) , databases ( e.g. Access ) , statistical analysis ( e.g. SAS ) , generalized audit software ( e.g. ACL , Arbutus , EAS ) , business intelligence ( e.g. Crystal Reports and Business Objects ) , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "data analysis", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "spreadsheets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "Excel", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "databases", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "Access", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "statistical analysis", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [131, 151]}, {"entity": "SAS", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "generalized audit software", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 193]}, {"entity": "ACL", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [201, 204]}, {"entity": "Arbutus", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [207, 214]}, {"entity": "EAS", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [217, 220]}, {"entity": "business intelligence", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [225, 246]}, {"entity": "Crystal Reports", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [254, 269]}, {"entity": "Business Objects", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [274, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rethink Robotics - founded by Rodney Brooks , previously with iRobot - introduced Baxter in September 2012 ; as an industrial robot designed to safely interact with neighboring human workers , and be programmable for performing simple tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rethink Robotics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Rodney Brooks", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "iRobot", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Baxter", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical text mining tasks include text categorization , text clustering , concept / entity extraction , production of granular taxonomies , sentiment analysis , document summarization , and entity relation modeling ( i.e. , learning relations between named entity recognition ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "text mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "text categorization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "text clustering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "concept / entity extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [74, 101]}, {"entity": "production of granular taxonomies", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [104, 137]}, {"entity": "sentiment analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [140, 158]}, {"entity": "document summarization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [161, 183]}, {"entity": "entity relation modeling", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [190, 214]}, {"entity": "named entity recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [251, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , stemming reduces precision , or TRUE negative rate , for such systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "TRUE negative rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A special case of keyword spotting is wake word ( also called hot word ) detection used by personal digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri to wake up when their name is spoken .", "entity": [{"entity": "keyword spotting", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "wake word", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "hot word", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Alexa", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Siri", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prova is an open source programming language that combines Prolog with Java .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prova", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Prolog", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1987 , Tocibai Machine , a subsidiary of Toshiba , was accused of illegally selling CNC milling s used to produce very quiet submarine propellers to the Soviet Union in violation of the CoCom agreement , an international embargo on certain countries to COMECON countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tocibai Machine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "Toshiba", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "CNC milling", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "CoCom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 194]}, {"entity": "COMECON", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [256, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Engelberger 's most famous co-invention , the Unimate industrial robotic arm , was among the first inductees into the Robot Hall of Fame in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Engelberger", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Unimate industrial robotic arm", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [46, 76]}, {"entity": "Robot Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally controlled via static html web pages using CGI , work by Dalton saw the introduction of an augmented reality Java -based interface that met with limited success .", "entity": [{"entity": "static html", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "CGI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Dalton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "augmented reality", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first publication about the LMF specification as it has been ratified by ISO ( this paper became ( in 2015 ) the 9th most cited paper within the LREC conferences from LREC papers ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "LMF specification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "LREC", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "LREC", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A confusion matrix or matching matrix is often used as a tool to validate the accuracy of k -NN classification .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [2, 18]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "k -NN classification", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decision tree learning is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics , data mining and machine learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Decision tree", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "data mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [105, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At runtime , the target prosody of a sentence is superimposed on these minimal units by means of signal processing techniques such as linear predictive coding , PSOLA", "entity": [{"entity": "prosody", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "signal processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "linear predictive coding", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [134, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach utilized artificial intelligence and machine learning to allow researchers to visibly compare conventional and thermal facial imagery .", "entity": [{"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [23, 46]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "facial imagery", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [133, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In computer science , evolutionary computation is a family of algorithms for global optimization inspired by biological evolution , and the subfield of artificial intelligence and soft computing studying these algorithms .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "evolutionary computation", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [22, 46]}, {"entity": "global optimization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [77, 96]}, {"entity": "biological evolution", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 129]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [152, 175]}, {"entity": "soft computing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [180, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , one can combine some measure based on the confusion matrix with the mean squared error evaluated between the raw model outputs and the actual values .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority are results of the word2vec model developed by Mikolov et al or variants of word2vec .", "entity": [{"entity": "word2vec model", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Mikolov", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "word2vec", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was during this time that a total of 43 publications were recognized by the CVPR and the International Conference on Computer Vision ( ICCV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "International Conference on Computer Vision", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [92, 135]}, {"entity": "ICCV", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AIBO has seen much use as an inexpensive platform for artificial intelligence education and research , because integrates a computer , Computer vision , and articulators in a package vastly cheaper than conventional research robots .", "entity": [{"entity": "AIBO", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [58, 81]}, {"entity": "Computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [139, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She served as Program Chair of International Conference on Computer Vision 2021 .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Conference on Computer Vision 2021", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [31, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scheinman , after receiving a fellowship from Unimation to develop his designs , sold those designs to Unimation who further developed them with support from General Motors and later marketed it as the Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly ( PUMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scheinman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Unimation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Unimation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "General Motors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 172]}, {"entity": "Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [202, 245]}, {"entity": "PUMA", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [248, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overview of calibration methods for binary classification and multiclass classification classification tasks is given by Gebel ( 2009 )", "entity": [{"entity": "binary classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "multiclass classification classification tasks", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [65, 111]}, {"entity": "Gebel", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [124, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition ( OCR ) , speech synthesis , speech recognition technology , and electronic keyboard instruments .", "entity": [{"entity": "optical character recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [33, 62]}, {"entity": "OCR", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "speech synthesis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [92, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more recent and state-of-the-art techniques , Kaldi toolkit can be used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaldi toolkit", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johnson-Laird is a Fellow of the American Philosophical Society , a Fellow of the Royal Society , a Fellow of the British Academy , a William James Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science , and a Fellow of the Cognitive Science Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnson-Laird", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 63]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "British Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "William James", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Association for Psychological Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [162, 199]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Science Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [222, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing in 2010 , Rui Hu , Mark Banard , and John Collomosse extended the HOG descriptor for use in sketch based image retrieval ( SBIR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IEEE International Conference on Image Processing", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [7, 56]}, {"entity": "Rui Hu", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Mark Banard", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "John Collomosse", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "HOG descriptor", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "sketch based image retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [149, 177]}, {"entity": "SBIR", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [180, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BLEU uses a modified form of precision to compare a candidate translation against multiple reference translations .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the case of a general base space math ( Y , \\ mathcal { B } , \\ nu ) / math ( i.e. a base space which is not countable ) , one typically considers the relative entropy .", "entity": [{"entity": "relative entropy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [155, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of October 2011 , the already-existing partnerships with the United States ' National Park Service ( NPS ) , the United Kingdom 's Historic Scotland ( HS ) , World Monuments Fund , and Mexico 's Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Historia ( INAH ) had been greatly expanded , , CyArk website", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "National Park Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "NPS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "Historic Scotland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 151]}, {"entity": "HS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "World Monuments Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 181]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [188, 194]}, {"entity": "Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Historia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 243]}, {"entity": "INAH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [246, 250]}, {"entity": "CyArk", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [283, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kernel SVMs are available in many machine-learning toolkits , including LIBSVM , MATLAB , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kernel SVMs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "machine-learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "LIBSVM", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2009 Loebner Prize Competition was held September 6 , 2009 at the Brighton Centre , Brighton UK in conjunction with the Interspeech 2009 conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Loebner Prize Competition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 34]}, {"entity": "Brighton Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Brighton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "Interspeech 2009 conference", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [124, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The humanoid QRIO robot was designed as the successor to AIBO , and runs the same base R-CODE Aperios operating system .", "entity": [{"entity": "QRIO robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "AIBO", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "R-CODE", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "Aperios operating system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [94, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speech waveforms are generated from HMMs themselves based on the maximum likelihood criterion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Speech waveforms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "HMMs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Google Translate is a free multilingual statistical machine translation and neural machine translation service developed by Google , to translate text and websites from one language into another .", "entity": [{"entity": "Google Translate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "multilingual statistical machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [27, 71]}, {"entity": "neural machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [76, 102]}, {"entity": "Google", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeletons are widely used in computer vision , image analysis , pattern recognition and digital image processing for purposes such as optical character recognition , fingerprint recognition , visual inspection or compression .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "image analysis", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "pattern recognition", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "digital image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [88, 112]}, {"entity": "optical character recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [134, 163]}, {"entity": "fingerprint recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [166, 189]}, {"entity": "visual inspection or compression", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [192, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge is a benchmark in object classification and detection , with millions of images and hundreds of object classes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [4, 53]}, {"entity": "object classification and detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [72, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bengio , together with Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun , are referred to by some as the Godfathers of AI and Godfathers of Deep Learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bengio", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Geoffrey Hinton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Yann LeCun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "Godfathers of AI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "Godfathers of Deep Learning", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a Life Fellow of IEEE .", "entity": [{"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSA Bethesda is responsible for base operational support for its major tenant , the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSA Bethesda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three major learning paradigms are supervised learning , unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "unsupervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [61, 82]}, {"entity": "reinforcement learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [87, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include control , planning and scheduling , the ability to answer diagnostic and consumer questions , handwriting recognition , natural language understanding , speech recognition and facial recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "control", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "planning and scheduling", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "answer diagnostic and consumer questions", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [68, 108]}, {"entity": "handwriting recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [111, 134]}, {"entity": "natural language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [137, 167]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [170, 188]}, {"entity": "facial recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [193, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 he was elected as a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ( 1990 , founding fellow ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [42, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , by formulating the problem as the solution of a Toeplitz matrix and using Levinson recursion , we can relatively quickly estimate a filter with the smallest mean squared error possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toeplitz matrix", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "Levinson recursion", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [167, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2011 the 15th edition of Campus Party Spain will be held at the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia .", "entity": [{"entity": "15th edition of Campus Party Spain", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [17, 51]}, {"entity": "City of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 97]}, {"entity": "Valencia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often this is generally only possible at the very end of complicated games such as chess or go , since it is not computationally feasible to look ahead as far as the completion of the game , except towards the end , and instead , positions are given finite values as estimates of the degree of belief that they will lead to a win for one player or another .", "entity": [{"entity": "chess", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "go", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [92, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference between the multinomial logit model and numerous other methods , models , algorithms , etc. with the same basic setup ( the perceptron algorithm , support vector machine s , linear discriminant analysis , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "multinomial logit model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "perceptron algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [139, 159]}, {"entity": "support vector machine", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [162, 184]}, {"entity": "linear discriminant analysis", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [189, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association for Computational Linguistics , published by", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for Computational Linguistics", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [0, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In computerised Facial recognition system , each face is represented by a large number of pixel values .", "entity": [{"entity": "Facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [16, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , his son , Daniel Pearl , a journalist working for the Wall Street Journal was kidnapped and murdered in Pakistan , leading Judea and the other members of the family and friends to create the Daniel Pearl Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Pearl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Wall Street Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Judea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "Daniel Pearl Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of late 2006 , Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Envelope Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 44]}, {"entity": "John Waters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building is now part of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A common theme of this work is the adoption of a sign-theoretic perspective on issues of artificial intelligence and knowledge representation .", "entity": [{"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [89, 112]}, {"entity": "knowledge representation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [117, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , the term neural machine translation ( NMT ) emphasizes the fact that deep learning-based approaches to machine translation directly learn sequence-to-sequence transformations , obviating the need for intermediate steps such as word alignment and language modeling that was used in statistical machine translation ( SMT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "NMT", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [118, 137]}, {"entity": "word alignment", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [242, 256]}, {"entity": "language modeling", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [261, 278]}, {"entity": "statistical machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [296, 327]}, {"entity": "SMT", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [330, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most research in the field of WSD is performed by using WordNet as a reference sense inventory for .", "entity": [{"entity": "WSD", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable former PhD students and postdoctoral researchers from his group include Richard Zemel , and Zoubin Ghahramani .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "Richard Zemel", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Zoubin Ghahramani", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each prediction result or instance of a confusion matrix represents one point in the ROC space .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 Thrun and his colleagues Wolfram Burgard and Dieter Fox developed the world 's first robotic tour guide in the Deutsches Museum Bonn ( 1997 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Wolfram Burgard", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Dieter Fox", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "robotic tour guide", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "Deutsches Museum Bonn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WordNet is a lexical database of semantic relation s between word s in more than 200 languages. its primary use is in automatic natural language processing and artificial intelligence applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "semantic relation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [128, 155]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [160, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conferences in the field of natural language processing , such as Association for Computational Linguistics , North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics , EMNLP , and HLT , are beginning to include papers on speech processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "Association for Computational Linguistics", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [66, 107]}, {"entity": "North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [110, 181]}, {"entity": "EMNLP", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [184, 189]}, {"entity": "HLT", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "speech processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [237, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of Java programs use the lexicon to work through the variations in biomedical texts by relating words by their parts of speech , which can be helpful in web searches or searches through an electronic medical record .", "entity": [{"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "parts of speech", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "electronic medical record", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [195, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many more recent algorithms such as LPBoost , TotalBoost , BrownBoost , xgboost , MadaBoost , , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBoost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "TotalBoost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "BrownBoost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "xgboost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "MadaBoost", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an example implementation in Python :", "entity": [{"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mattel Intellivision game console offered the Intellivoice Voice Synthesis module in 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattel", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Intellivision", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "Intellivoice Voice Synthesis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [50, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also worked on machine translation , both high-accuracy knowledge-based MT and machine learning for Statistical machine translation ( such as generalized example-based MT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "high-accuracy knowledge-based MT", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [45, 77]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "Statistical machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [103, 134]}, {"entity": "generalized example-based MT", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [145, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wolfram Mathematica ( usually termed Mathematica ) is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical - including neural networks , machine learning , image processing , geometry , data science , visualizations , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolfram Mathematica", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Mathematica", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [135, 150]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [191, 199]}, {"entity": "data science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "visualizations", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [217, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first digitally operated and programmable robot was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was ultimately called the Unimate .", "entity": [{"entity": "digitally operated and programmable robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [10, 51]}, {"entity": "George Devol", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Unimate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like DBNs , DBMs can learn complex and abstract internal representations of the input in tasks such as Object recognition or speech recognition , using limited , labeled data to fine-tune the representations built using a large set of unlabeled sensory input data .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBNs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "DBMs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Object recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [103, 121]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [125, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scientific conferences where vision based activity recognition work often appears are ICCV and CVPR .", "entity": [{"entity": "vision based activity recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [29, 62]}, {"entity": "ICCV", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In statistics , an expectation-maximization ( EM ) algorithm is an iterative method to find maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori ( MAP ) estimates of parameter s in statistical model s , where the model depends on unobserved latent variable s .", "entity": [{"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "expectation-maximization", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "EM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "maximum a posteriori", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [114, 134]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "latent variable", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [231, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , investigators sometimes report the FALSE Positive Rate ( FPR ) as well as the FALSE Negative Rate ( FNR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FALSE Positive Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "FPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "FALSE Negative Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "FNR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept is similar to the signal to noise ratio used in the sciences and confusion matrix used in artificial intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "signal to noise ratio", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "sciences", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [102, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Code of Ethics on Human Augmentation , which was originally introduced by Steve Mann in 2004 and refined with Ray Kurzweil and Marvin Minsky in 2013 , was ultimately ratified at the Virtual Reality Toronto conference on June 25 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human Augmentation", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Steve Mann", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Ray Kurzweil", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "Marvin Minsky", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "Virtual Reality Toronto conference", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [186, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1913 , Walter R. Booth directed 10 films for the U.K. Kinoplastikon , presumably in collaboration with Cecil Hepworth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter R. Booth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "U.K. Kinoplastikon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "Cecil Hepworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They introduced their new robot in 1961 at a trade show at Chicago 's Cow Palace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Cow Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While some chatbot applications use extensive word-classification processes , natural language processing processors , and sophisticated Artificial intelligence , others simply scan for general keywords and generate responses using common phrases obtained from an associated library or database .", "entity": [{"entity": "chatbot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "word-classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [78, 105]}, {"entity": "Artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [137, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WaveNet model proposed in 2016 achieves great performance on speech quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "WaveNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organizations known to use ALE for Emergency management , disaster relief , ordinary communication or extraordinary situation response : American Red Cross , FEMA , Disaster Medical Assistance Team s , NATO , Federal Bureau of Investigation , United Nations , AT & T , Civil Air Patrol , ( ARES ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALE", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Emergency management", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "disaster relief", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "ordinary communication", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 98]}, {"entity": "extraordinary situation response", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [102, 134]}, {"entity": "American Red Cross", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 155]}, {"entity": "FEMA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "Disaster Medical Assistance Team", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 197]}, {"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "Federal Bureau of Investigation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [209, 240]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [243, 257]}, {"entity": "AT & T", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [260, 266]}, {"entity": "Civil Air Patrol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [269, 285]}, {"entity": "ARES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [290, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the Kronecker delta is used for simplicity ( cf. the derivative of a sigmoid function , being expressed via the function itself ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kronecker delta", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "sigmoid function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theory is based in philosophical foundations , and was founded by Ray Solomonoff around 1960 . Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Solomonoff", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Samuel Rathmanner", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "Marcus Hutter", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WordNet , a freely available database originally designed as a semantic network based on psycholinguistic principles , was expanded by addition of definitions and is now also viewed as a dictionary .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "semantic network", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "psycholinguistic principles", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in the field of computational imaging research is presented in several venues including publications of SIGGRAPH and the .", "entity": [{"entity": "computational imaging", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "SIGGRAPH", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classification can be thought of as two separate problems - binary classification and multiclass classification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "binary classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [60, 81]}, {"entity": "multiclass classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [86, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advanced gene finders for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes typically use complex probabilistic model s , such as hidden Markov model s ( HMMs ) to combine information from a variety of different signal and content measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "probabilistic model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "HMMs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroevolution , or neuro-evolution , is a form of artificial intelligence that uses evolutionary algorithm s to generate artificial neural network s ( ANN ) , parameters , topology and rules. and evolutionary robotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroevolution", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "neuro-evolution", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "evolutionary algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "artificial neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [122, 147]}, {"entity": "ANN", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "evolutionary robotics", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [197, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since IBM proposed and realized the system of BLEU Papineni et al .", "entity": [{"entity": "IBM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Papineni", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2009 , experts attended a conference hosted by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ( AAAI ) to discuss whether computers and robots might be able to acquire any autonomy , and how much these abilities might pose a threat or hazard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [54, 112]}, {"entity": "AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After boosting , a classifier constructed from 200 features could yield a 95 % detection rate under a ^ { -5 } / math FALSE positive rate .P. Viola , M. Jones , Robust Real-time Object Detection , 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "FALSE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [118, 137]}, {"entity": ".P. Viola", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "M. Jones", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "Robust Real-time Object Detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [161, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The website was originally Perl -based , but IMDb no longer discloses what software it uses for reasons of security .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perl", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "IMDb", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The start-up was founded by Demis Hassabis , Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman in 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Demis Hassabis", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Shane Legg", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Mustafa Suleyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two very commonly used loss functions are the mean squared error , mathL ( a ) = a ^ 2 / math , and the absolute loss , mathL ( a ) = | a | / math .", "entity": [{"entity": "loss functions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "absolute loss", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soft-margin support vector machine described above is an example of an empirical risk minimization ( ERM ) for the hinge loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "support vector machine", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "empirical risk minimization", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [75, 102]}, {"entity": "ERM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "hinge loss", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A deep learning based approach to MT , neural machine translation has made rapid progress in recent years , and Google has announced its translation services are now using this technology in preference to its previous statistical methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "deep learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "neural machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [39, 65]}, {"entity": "Google", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tends to yield very large performance gains when working with large corpora such as WordNet .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Face detection is used in biometrics , often as a part of ( or together with ) a facial recognition system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Face detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "biometrics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [81, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "trained by maximum likelihood estimation .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood estimation", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [11, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", Ltd. in Thailand ; Komatsu ( Shanghai ) Ltd. in 1996 in Shanghai , China ; Industrial Power Alliance Ltd. in Japan , a joint venture with Cummins , in 1998 ; L & T-Komatsu Limited in India in 1998 ( shares sold in 2013 ) ; and Komatsu Brasil International Ltda. in Brazil in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Komatsu ( Shanghai ) Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Industrial Power Alliance Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 107]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "Cummins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "L & T-Komatsu Limited", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 181]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [185, 190]}, {"entity": "Komatsu Brasil International Ltda.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [229, 263]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [267, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dgp also occasionally hosts artists in residence ( e.g. , Oscar -winner Chris Landreth .", "entity": [{"entity": "dgp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "artists in residence", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "Oscar", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Chris Landreth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It currently includes four sub-competitions - the RoboMaster Robotics Competition , the RoboMaster Technical Challenge , the ICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge , and the new RoboMaster Youth Tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "RoboMaster Robotics Competition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 81]}, {"entity": "RoboMaster Technical Challenge", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 118]}, {"entity": "ICRA RoboMaster AI Challenge", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 153]}, {"entity": "RoboMaster Youth Tournament", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the early 2000s , the dominant speech processing strategy started to shift away from Hidden Markov model towards more modern neural networks and deep learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "deep learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [148, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another equivalent expression , in the case of a binary target rate , is that the TRUE positive rate and the FALSE positive rate are equal ( and therefore the FALSE negative rate and the TRUE negative rate are equal ) for every value of the sensitive characteristics :", "entity": [{"entity": "binary target rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "TRUE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "FALSE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [109, 128]}, {"entity": "FALSE negative rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [159, 178]}, {"entity": "TRUE negative rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [187, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MATLAB function ,", "entity": [{"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An articulated robot is a robot with rotary joint s ( e.g. a legged robot or an industrial robot ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "articulated robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "rotary joint", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pandora ( also known as Pandora Media or Pandora Radio ) is an American music streaming and automated Recommender system internet radio service powered by the Music Genome Project and headquartered in Oakland , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pandora", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Pandora Media", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Pandora Radio", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "automated Recommender system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [92, 120]}, {"entity": "Music Genome Project", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 179]}, {"entity": "Oakland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [211, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a board member of the International Machine Learning Society , has been a member of AAAI Executive council , was PC co-chair of ICML 2011 , and has served as senior PC member for conferences including AAAI , ICML , IJCAI , ISWC , KDD , SIGMOD , UAI , VLDB , WSDM and WWW .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Machine Learning Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 67]}, {"entity": "AAAI Executive council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "ICML 2011", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [208, 212]}, {"entity": "ICML", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [215, 219]}, {"entity": "IJCAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [222, 227]}, {"entity": "ISWC", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [230, 234]}, {"entity": "KDD", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [237, 240]}, {"entity": "SIGMOD", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [243, 249]}, {"entity": "UAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [252, 255]}, {"entity": "VLDB", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [258, 262]}, {"entity": "WSDM", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [265, 269]}, {"entity": "WWW", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [274, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James S. Albus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) developed the Robocrane , where the platform hangs from six cables instead of being supported by six jacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "James S. Albus", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 68]}, {"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "Robocrane", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another class of direct search algorithms are the various evolutionary algorithm s , e.g. genetic algorithm s .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct search algorithms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "evolutionary algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "genetic algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KUKA is a German manufacturer of industrial robot s and solution s for factory automation .", "entity": [{"entity": "KUKA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other films between 2016 to 2020 that captured with IMAX camera 's were Zack Snyder ' s Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , Clint Eastwood ' s Sully , Damien Chazelle ' s First Man , Patty Jenkins ' Wonder Woman 1984 , Cary Joji Fukunaga ' s No Time to Die and Joseph Kosinski ' s Top Gun : Maverick .", "entity": [{"entity": "IMAX", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Zack Snyder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 123]}, {"entity": "Clint Eastwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "Sully", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "Damien Chazelle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 168]}, {"entity": "First Man", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "Patty Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 198]}, {"entity": "Wonder Woman 1984", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 218]}, {"entity": "Cary Joji Fukunaga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 239]}, {"entity": "No Time to Die", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [244, 258]}, {"entity": "Joseph Kosinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [263, 278]}, {"entity": "Top Gun : Maverick", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [283, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trial of MICR E13B font was shown to the American Bankers Association ( ABA ) in July 1956 , which adopted it in 1958 as the MICR standard for negotiable document s in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "MICR E13B", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "American Bankers Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 73]}, {"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "MICR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [176, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local search algorithms are widely applied to numerous hard computational problems , including problems from computer science ( particularly artificial intelligence ) , mathematics , operations research , engineering , and bioinformatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Local search algorithms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [141, 164]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "operations research", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [183, 202]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [205, 216]}, {"entity": "bioinformatics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [223, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gerd Gigerenzer ( born September 3 , 1947 , Wallersdorf , Germany ) is a Germany psychologist who has studied the use of bounded rationality and heuristic s in decision making .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerd Gigerenzer", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Wallersdorf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "bounded rationality", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [121, 140]}, {"entity": "heuristic", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "decision making", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to minimize the Mean squared error .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But even an official language with a regulating academy , such as Standard French with the Académie française , is classified as a natural language ( for example , in the field of natural language processing ) , as its prescriptive points do not make it either constructed enough to be classified as a constructed language or controlled enough to be classified as a controlled natural language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Standard French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Académie française", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [180, 207]}, {"entity": "constructed language", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [302, 322]}, {"entity": "controlled natural language", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [366, 393]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are a number of other metrics , most simply the accuracy or Fraction Correct ( FC ) , which measures the fraction of all instances that are correctly categorized ; the complement is the Fraction Incorrect ( FiC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Fraction Correct", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "FC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "Fraction Incorrect", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [192, 210]}, {"entity": "FiC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [213, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardie became a Fellow of the Association for Computational Linguistics in 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardie", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Association for Computational Linguistics", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [30, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Learning the parameters math \\ theta / math is usually done by maximum likelihood learning for mathp ( Y _ i | X _ i ; \\ theta ) / math .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood learning", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [63, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cluster analysis , and Non-negative matrix factorization for descriptive mining .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Non-negative matrix factorization", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [23, 56]}, {"entity": "descriptive mining", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In computer science and the information technology that it enables , it has been a long-term challenge to the ability in computers to do natural language processing and machine learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "information technology", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [137, 164]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [169, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Code for Gabor feature extraction from images in MATLAB can be found at", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabor feature extraction", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [11, 35]}, {"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NeuralExpert centers the design specifications around the type of problem the user would like the neural network to solve ( Classification , Prediction , Function approximation or Cluster analysis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NeuralExpert", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "Prediction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "Function approximation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [158, 180]}, {"entity": "Cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [184, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the quantization step size ( Δ ) is small relative to the variation in the signal being quantized , it is relatively simple to show that the mean squared error produced by such a rounding operation will be approximately math \\ Delta ^ 2 / 12 / math.math", "entity": [{"entity": "quantization step size", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [146, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The construction of a rich lexicon with a suitable ontology requires significant effort , e.g. , Wordnet lexicon required many person-years of effort. G. A. Miller , R. Beckwith , C. D. Fellbaum , D. Gross , K. Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wordnet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "G. A. Miller", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "R. Beckwith", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": "C. D. Fellbaum", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [180, 194]}, {"entity": "D. Gross", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "K. Miller", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [208, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kawasaki 's portfolio also includes retractable roofs , floors and other giant structures , the Sapporo Dome ' retractable surface is one example .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kawasaki", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Sapporo Dome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kappa statistics such as Fleiss ' kappa and Cohen 's kappa are methods for calculating inter-rater reliability based on different assumptions about the marginal or prior distributions , and are increasingly used as chance corrected alternatives to accuracy in other contexts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kappa statistics", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Fleiss ' kappa", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Cohen 's kappa", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "inter-rater reliability", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [87, 110]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [248, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With his students Sepp Hochreiter , Felix Gers , Fred Cummins , Alex Graves , and others , Schmidhuber published increasingly sophisticated versions of a type of recurrent neural network called the long short-term memory ( LSTM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sepp Hochreiter", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "Felix Gers", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Fred Cummins", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Alex Graves", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Schmidhuber", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "recurrent neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [162, 186]}, {"entity": "long short-term memory", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [198, 220]}, {"entity": "LSTM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [223, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2004 - The first Cobot KUKA LBR 3 is released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobot KUKA LBR 3", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two shallow approaches used to train and then disambiguate are Naive Bayes classifier and decision trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naive Bayes classifier", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "decision trees", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first practical forms of photography were introduced in January 1839 by Louis Daguerre and Henry Fox Talbot .", "entity": [{"entity": "photography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Louis Daguerre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Henry Fox Talbot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , speech synthesis , combined with speech recognition , allows for interaction with mobile devices via language processing interfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech synthesis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [115, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phidgets can be programmed using a variety of software and programming languages , ranging from Java to Microsoft Excel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phidgets", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "Microsoft Excel", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel , an American IBMer and pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "Arthur Samuel", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "American IBMer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "computer gaming", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [130, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Israeli poet David Avidan , who was fascinated with future technologies and their relation to art , desired to explore the use of computers for writing literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "David Avidan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the GATEway Project in 2017 , Oxbotica trialled seven autonomous shuttle buses in Greenwich , navigating a two-mile riverside path near London 's The O2 Arena on a route also used by pedestrians and cyclists .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATEway Project", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Oxbotica", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "Greenwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "The O2 Arena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unrelated but commonly used combination of basic statistics from information retrieval is the F-score , being a ( possibly weighted ) harmonic mean of recall and precision where recall = sensitivity = TRUE positive rate , but specificity and precision are totally different measures .", "entity": [{"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [68, 89]}, {"entity": "F-score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "harmonic mean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "TRUE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [204, 222]}, {"entity": "specificity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [229, 240]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [245, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuromorphic engineering is an interdisciplinary subject that takes inspiration from biology , physics , mathematics , computer science , and electronic engineering to design artificial neural systems , such as vision systems , head-eye systems , auditory processors , and autonomous robots , whose physical architecture and design principles are based on those of biological nervous systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuromorphic engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "biology", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "electronic engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [142, 164]}, {"entity": "vision systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [211, 225]}, {"entity": "head-eye systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [228, 244]}, {"entity": "auditory processors", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [247, 266]}, {"entity": "autonomous robots", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [273, 290]}, {"entity": "biological nervous systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [365, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To be specific , the BIBO stability criterion requires that the ROC of the system includes the unit circle .", "entity": [{"entity": "BIBO stability criterion", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [21, 45]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 The program was rewritten in Java beginning in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MCC can be calculated directly from the confusion matrix using the formula :", "entity": [{"entity": "MCC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was developed by a team at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab and first presented at the 2018 International Conference on Learning Representations .", "entity": [{"entity": "MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "2018 International Conference on Learning Representations", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [83, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the TRUE prevalence s for the two positive variables are equal as assumed in Fleiss kappa and F-score , that is the number of positive predictions matches the number of positive classes in the dichotomous ( two class ) case , the different kappa and correlation measure collapse to identity with Youden 's J , and recall , precision and F-score are similarly identical with accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRUE prevalence", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "Fleiss kappa", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "F-score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "kappa", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [245, 250]}, {"entity": "correlation", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [255, 266]}, {"entity": "Youden 's J", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [301, 312]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [319, 325]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [328, 337]}, {"entity": "F-score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [342, 349]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [379, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Building Educational Applications workshop ( BEA ) at NAACL 2013 hosted the inaugural NLI shared task. Tetreault et al , 2013 The competition resulted in 29 entries from teams across the globe , 24 of which also published a paper describing their systems and approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Building Educational Applications workshop", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [4, 46]}, {"entity": "BEA", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "NAACL", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "NLI shared task.", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "Tetreault", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states called the Viterbi path that results in a sequence of observed events , especially in the context of Markov information source s and hidden Markov model s ( HMM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viterbi algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "dynamic programming algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [27, 56]}, {"entity": "hidden states", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Viterbi path", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Markov information source", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [212, 237]}, {"entity": "hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [244, 263]}, {"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [268, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In statistics , multinomial logistic regression is a classification method that generalizes logistic regression to multiclass classification , i.e. with more than two possible discrete outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "multinomial logistic regression", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [16, 47]}, {"entity": "classification method", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 74]}, {"entity": "logistic regression", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [92, 111]}, {"entity": "multiclass classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [115, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hidden Markov models are known for their applications to reinforcement learning and temporal pattern recognition such as speech , handwriting recognition , gesture recognition , Thad Starner , Alex Pentland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hidden Markov models", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "reinforcement learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "temporal pattern recognition", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [84, 112]}, {"entity": "speech", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "handwriting recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [130, 153]}, {"entity": "gesture recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [156, 175]}, {"entity": "Thad Starner", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "Alex Pentland", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Essentially , this means that if the n-gram has been seen more than k times in training , the conditional probability of a word given its history is proportional to the maximum likelihood estimate of that n -gram .", "entity": [{"entity": "n-gram", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood estimate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [169, 196]}, {"entity": "n -gram", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is interested in knowledge representation , commonsense reasoning , and natural language understanding , believing that deep language understanding can only currently be achieved by significant hand-engineering of semantically-rich formalisms coupled with statistical preferences .", "entity": [{"entity": "knowledge representation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [20, 44]}, {"entity": "commonsense reasoning", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "natural language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [75, 105]}, {"entity": "deep language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [123, 150]}, {"entity": "hand-engineering", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In JavaScript , Python or", "entity": [{"entity": "JavaScript", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Newcomb Awards are announced in the AI Magazine published by AAAI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcomb Awards", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "AI Magazine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mean squared error on a test set of 100 exemplars is 0.084 , smaller than the unnormalized error .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The F-score has been widely used in the natural language processing literature , such as the evaluation of named entity recognition ( NER ) and word segmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "F-score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [40, 67]}, {"entity": "named entity recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [107, 131]}, {"entity": "NER", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "word segmentation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chatbots are typically used in dialog systems for various purposes including customer service , request routing , or for information gathering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chatbots", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "dialog systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "request routing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "information gathering", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important journals include the IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing ( later renamed IEEE Transactions on Audio , Speech and Language Processing and since Sept 2014 renamed IEEE / ACM Transactions on Audio , Speech and Language Processing - after merging with an ACM publication ) , Computer Speech and Language , and Speech Communication .", "entity": [{"entity": "IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [31, 79]}, {"entity": "IEEE Transactions on Audio , Speech and Language Processing", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [96, 155]}, {"entity": "IEEE / ACM Transactions on Audio , Speech and Language Processing", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [184, 249]}, {"entity": "ACM", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [274, 277]}, {"entity": "Computer Speech and Language", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [294, 322]}, {"entity": "Speech Communication", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [329, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EM is frequently used for data clustering in machine learning and computer vision .", "entity": [{"entity": "EM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "data clustering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there is no perfect way of describing the confusion matrix of TRUE and FALSE positives and negatives by a single number , the Matthews correlation coefficient is generally regarded as being one of the best such measures .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Matthews correlation coefficient", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [132, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As data set s have grown in size and complexity , direct hands-on data analysis has been augmented with indirect , automated data processing , aided by other discoveries in computer science , specially in the field of machine learning , such as neural networks , cluster analysis , genetic algorithms ( 1950s ) , decision tree learning and decision rules ( 1960s ) , and support vector machines ( 1990s ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "data analysis", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [173, 189]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [218, 234]}, {"entity": "neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [245, 260]}, {"entity": "cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [263, 279]}, {"entity": "genetic algorithms", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [282, 300]}, {"entity": "decision tree learning", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [313, 335]}, {"entity": "decision rules", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [340, 354]}, {"entity": "support vector machines", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [371, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the fall of 2005 , Thrun published a textbook entitled Probabilistic Robotics together with his long-term co-workers Dieter Fox and Wolfram Burgard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Probabilistic Robotics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "Dieter Fox", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "Wolfram Burgard", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John D. Lafferty , Andrew McCallum and Pereiramath as follows :", "entity": [{"entity": "John D. Lafferty", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Andrew McCallum", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "Pereiramath", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Question answering ( QA ) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing ( NLP ) , which is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions posed by humans in a natural language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Question answering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "QA", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [106, 133]}, {"entity": "NLP", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [136, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the version of the metric used by NIST evaluations prior to 2009 , the shortest reference sentence had been used instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 27 , 2018 , Toyota announced an investment of $ 500 Million in Uber ' s autonomous car s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toyota", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Uber", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "autonomous car", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sample maximum is the maximum likelihood estimator for the population maximum , but , as discussed above , it is biased .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood estimator", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [26, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSI helps overcome synonymy by increasing recall , one of the most problematic constraints of Boolean keyword queries and vector space models .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSI", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "synonymy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Boolean keyword queries", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [94, 117]}, {"entity": "vector space models", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [122, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data acquisition applications are usually controlled by software programs developed using various general purpose programming languages such as Assembly , BASIC , C , C + + , C # , Fortran , Java , LabVIEW , Lisp , Pascal , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Data acquisition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Assembly", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "BASIC", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [163, 164]}, {"entity": "C + +", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "C #", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "Fortran", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [191, 195]}, {"entity": "LabVIEW", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [198, 205]}, {"entity": "Lisp", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [208, 212]}, {"entity": "Pascal", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [215, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , Honda released its Cog advertisement in the UK and on the Internet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Cog", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Association for Computational Linguistics defines computational linguistics as :", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for Computational Linguistics", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [4, 45]}, {"entity": "computational linguistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [54, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expectation-maximization algorithm s may be employed to calculate approximate maximum likelihood estimates of unknown state-space parameters within minimum-variance filters and smoothers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Expectation-maximization algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood estimates", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [78, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondents included former Baywatch actresses Donna D 'Errico , Carmen Electra , and Traci Bingham , former Playboy Playmate Heidi Mark , comedian Arj Barker and identical twins Randy and Jason Sklar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baywatch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Donna D 'Errico", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "Carmen Electra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Traci Bingham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "Playboy Playmate", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "Heidi Mark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Arj Barker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "Randy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "Jason Sklar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is commonly used to generate representations for speech recognition ( ASR ) , e.g. the CMU Sphinx system , and speech synthesis ( TTS ) , e.g. the Festival system .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "ASR", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "CMU Sphinx system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "speech synthesis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "TTS", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "Festival system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivity or TRUE Positive Rate ( TPR ) , also known as recall , is the proportion of people that tested positive and are positive ( TRUE Positive , TP ) of all the people that actually are positive ( Condition Positive , CP = TP + FN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "TRUE Positive Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "TPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "TRUE Positive", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "TP", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "Condition Positive", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [203, 221]}, {"entity": "CP", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [224, 226]}, {"entity": "TP + FN", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [229, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Popular speech recognition conferences held each year or two include SpeechTEK and SpeechTEK Europe , ICASSP , Interspeech / Eurospeech , and the IEEE ASRU .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [8, 26]}, {"entity": "SpeechTEK", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "SpeechTEK Europe", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "ICASSP", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Interspeech", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Eurospeech", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "IEEE ASRU", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Devol collaborated with Engelberger , who served as president of the company , to engineer and produce an industrial robot under the brand name Unimate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Devol", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Engelberger", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "Unimate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Hidden Markov model ( HMM ) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved ( hidden ) states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [2, 21]}, {"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "statistical Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [35, 59]}, {"entity": "Markov process", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This property , undesirable in many applications , has led researchers to use alternatives such as the mean absolute error , or those based on the median .", "entity": [{"entity": "mean absolute error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [103, 122]}, {"entity": "median", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a sequence ( which depends on the outcome of the investigation of previous attributes at each stage ) is called a decision tree and applied in the area of machine learning known as decision tree learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "decision tree", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [160, 176]}, {"entity": "decision tree learning", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [186, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in factor analysis , the LCA can also be used to classify case according to their maximum likelihood class membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "factor analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "LCA", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supervised neural networks that use a mean squared error ( MSE ) cost function can use formal statistical methods to determine the confidence of the trained model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Supervised neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "MSE", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "cost function", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be directly expressed as a linear program , but it is also equivalent to Tikhonov regularization with the hinge loss function , mathV ( f ( x ) , y ) = \\ max ( 0 , 1 - yf ( x ) ) / math :", "entity": [{"entity": "Tikhonov regularization", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "hinge loss function", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [115, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following technique was described in Breiman 's original paper and is implemented in the R package randomForest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Breiman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "R package randomForest", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [93, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional image quality measures , such as PSNR , are typically performed on fixed resolution images and do not take into account some aspects of the human visual system , like the change in spatial resolution across the retina .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSNR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "retina", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [223, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Ireland , Joanne Dru and Macdonald Carey starred in the Jack Broder color production Hannah Lee , which premiered June 19 , 1953 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Ireland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Joanne Dru", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Macdonald Carey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "Jack Broder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Hannah Lee", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That process is called image registration , and uses different methods of computer vision , mostly related to tracking .", "entity": [{"entity": "image registration", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "tracking", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now let us start explaining the different possible relations between predicted and actual outcome : Confusion matrix", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VOICEBOX speech processing toolbox for MATLAB implements the conversion and its inverse as :", "entity": [{"entity": "VOICEBOX", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "speech processing toolbox", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 38]}, {"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolog is a logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prolog", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "computational linguistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [83, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milner has received numerous awards for her contributions to neuroscience and psychology including memberships in the Royal Society of London , the Royal Society of Canada and the National Academy of Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milner", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "neuroscience", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "psychology", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 171]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining these operators one can obtain algorithms for many image processing tasks , such as feature extraction , image segmentation , image sharpening , image filtering , and classification .", "entity": [{"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "feature extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "image segmentation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [118, 136]}, {"entity": "image sharpening", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "image filtering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [158, 173]}, {"entity": "classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [180, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2017 , he is a professor at the Collège de France and , since 1989 , the director of INSERM Unit 562 , Cognitive Neuroimaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Collège de France", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "INSERM Unit 562", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroimaging", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [109, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many approaches to learning these embeddings , notably using Bayesian clustering frameworks or energy-based frameworks , and more recently , TransE ( Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayesian clustering frameworks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [71, 101]}, {"entity": "energy-based frameworks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [105, 128]}, {"entity": "TransE", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2013", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [160, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an alternative to the Word error rate ( Word Error Rate ) used in several countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Word error rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "Word Error Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANNs have been used on a variety of tasks , including computer vision , speech recognition , machine translation , social network filtering , playing board and video games , medical diagnosis , and even in activities that have traditionally been considered as reserved to humans , like painting .", "entity": [{"entity": "ANNs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [93, 112]}, {"entity": "social network filtering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [115, 139]}, {"entity": "playing board and video games", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [142, 171]}, {"entity": "medical diagnosis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [174, 191]}, {"entity": "painting", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [286, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modular Audio Recognition Framework ( MARF ) is an open-source research platform and a collection of voice , sound , speech , text and natural language processing ( NLP ) algorithm s written in Java and arranged into a modular and extensible framework that attempts to facilitate addition of new algorithm s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modular Audio Recognition Framework", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "MARF", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [135, 162]}, {"entity": "NLP", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [194, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2018 , a report by the civil liberties and rights campaigning organisation Big Brother Watch revealed that two United Kingdom police forces , South Wales Police and the Metropolitan Police , were using live facial recognition at public events and in public spaces , in September 2019 , South Wales Police use of facial recognition was ruled lawful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Brother Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "South Wales Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "Metropolitan Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 191]}, {"entity": "facial recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [210, 228]}, {"entity": "South Wales Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [289, 307]}, {"entity": "facial recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [315, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANIMAL has been ported to R , a freely available language and environment for statistical computing and graphics .", "entity": [{"entity": "ANIMAL", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "statistical computing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [78, 99]}, {"entity": "graphics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time-inhomogeneous hidden Bernoulli model ( TI-HBM ) is an alternative to hidden Markov model ( HMM ) for automatic speech recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time-inhomogeneous hidden Bernoulli model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 41]}, {"entity": "TI-HBM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "automatic speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [106, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2016 , Nvidia demonstrated during SIGGRAPH a new method of foveated rendering claimed to be invisible to users .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nvidia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "SIGGRAPH", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both rely on speech act theory developed by John Searle in the 1960s and enhanced by Terry Winograd and Flores in the 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech act theory", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "John Searle", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Flores", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neural network models of concept formation and the structure of knowledge have opened powerful hierarchical models of knowledge organization such as George Miller ' s Wordnet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neural network models", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "George Miller", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [149, 162]}, {"entity": "Wordnet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Template matching has various applications and is used in such fields as face recognition ( see facial recognition system ) and medical image processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Template matching", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "face recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "medical image processing", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [128, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , usage only became widespread in 2005 when Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs , researchers for the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation ( INRIA ) , presented their supplementary work on HOG descriptors at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ( CVPR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Navneet Dalal", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Bill Triggs", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 177]}, {"entity": "INRIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "HOG descriptors", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [228, 243]}, {"entity": "Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [251, 304]}, {"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [307, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to joining the Penn faculty in 2002 , he spent a decade ( 1991-2001 ) in AT & T Labs and Bell Labs , including as head of the AI department with colleagues including Michael L. Littman , David A. McAllester , and Richard S. Sutton ; Secure Systems Research department ; and Machine Learning department with members such as Michael Collins and the leader ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penn", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "AT & T Labs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Bell Labs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "AI", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "Michael L. Littman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [172, 190]}, {"entity": "David A. McAllester", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "Richard S. Sutton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [219, 236]}, {"entity": "Secure Systems Research department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 273]}, {"entity": "Machine Learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [280, 296]}, {"entity": "Michael Collins", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [329, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When data are unlabelled , supervised learning is not possible , and an unsupervised learning approach is required which attempts to find natural Cluster analysis to groups , and then map new data to these formed groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "unsupervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [72, 93]}, {"entity": "Cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [146, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This field of computer science developed in the 1950s at academic institutions such as the MIT A.I. Lab , originally as a branch of artificial intelligence and robotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "MIT A.I. Lab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [132, 155]}, {"entity": "robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It could also be replaced by the Log loss equation below :", "entity": [{"entity": "Log loss", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Shirley Ryan AbilityLab ( formerly the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago ) , University of California at Berkeley , MIT , Stanford University , and University of Twente in the Netherlands are the researching leaders in biomechatronics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shirley Ryan AbilityLab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 78]}, {"entity": "University of California at Berkeley", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [83, 119]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [128, 147]}, {"entity": "University of Twente", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [154, 174]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "biomechatronics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [225, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given a set of predicted values and a corresponding set of actual values for X for various time periods , a common evaluation technique is to use the mean squared prediction error ; other measures are also available ( see forecasting # forecasting accuracy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mean squared prediction error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [150, 179]}, {"entity": "forecasting accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [236, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other measures , such as the proportion of correct predictions ( also termed accuracy ) , are not useful when the two classes are of very different sizes .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first alpha version of OpenCV was released to the public at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition in 2000 , and five betas were released between 2001 and 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "OpenCV", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [82, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results have been presented which give correlation of up to 0.964 with human judgement at the corpus level , compared to BLEU ' s achievement of 0.817 on the same data set .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An early version of VMAF has been shown to outperform other image and video quality metrics such as SSIM , PSNR -HVS and VQM-VFD on three of four datasets in terms of prediction accuracy , when compared to subjective ratings .", "entity": [{"entity": "VMAF", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "SSIM", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "PSNR -HVS", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "VQM-VFD", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the ambiguity of ' mouse ' ( animal or device ) is not relevant in machine translation , but is relevant in information retrieval .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [122, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geometric hashing was originally suggested in computer vision for object recognition in 2D and 3D ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Geometric hashing", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "object recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It forms one of the three main categories of machine learning , along with supervised learning and reinforcement learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "reinforcement learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [99, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reinforcement learning , due to its generality , is studied in many other disciplines , such as game , control theory , operations research , information theory , simulation-based optimization , multi-agent systems , swarm intelligence , statistics and genetic algorithm s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reinforcement learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "game", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "control theory", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "operations research", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "information theory", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [142, 160]}, {"entity": "simulation-based optimization", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [163, 192]}, {"entity": "multi-agent systems", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [195, 214]}, {"entity": "swarm intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [217, 235]}, {"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [238, 248]}, {"entity": "genetic algorithm", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [253, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pattern recognition is closely related to artificial intelligence and machine learning ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Pattern recognition", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The software is used to design , train and deploy neural network ( supervised learning and unsupervised learning ) models to perform a wide variety of tasks such as data mining , classification , function approximation , multivariate regression and time-series prediction .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "unsupervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [91, 112]}, {"entity": "data mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [179, 193]}, {"entity": "function approximation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [196, 218]}, {"entity": "multivariate regression", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [221, 244]}, {"entity": "time-series prediction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [249, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , he was elected Fellow of Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [35, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She serves as a member of the National Academy of Sciences ( since 2005 ) , American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( since 2009 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 58]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1973 Yom Kippur War , Soviet-supplied surface-to-air missile batteries in Egypt and Syria caused heavy damage Israeli fighter jet s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yom Kippur War", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "surface-to-air missile", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another resource ( free but copyrighted ) is the HTK book ( and the accompanying HTK toolkit ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTK book", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "HTK toolkit", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- were taken in the 2004 AAAI Spring Symposium where linguists , computer scientists , and other interested researchers first aligned interests and proposed shared tasks and benchmark data sets for the systematic computational research on affect , appeal , subjectivity , and sentiment in text .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single grid can be analysed for both content ( eyeball inspection ) and structure ( cluster analysis , principal component analysis , and a variety of structural indices relating to the complexity and range of the ratings being the chief techniques used ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "eyeball inspection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "principal component analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [105, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2018 Toyota was regarded as being behind in Self-driving car and in need of innovation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toyota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Self-driving car", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such targets include natural objects such as ground , sea , precipitation ( such as rain , snow or hail ) , sand storm s , animals ( especially birds ) , atmospheric turbulence , and other atmospheric effects , such as ionosphere reflections , meteor trails , and three body scatter spike .", "entity": [{"entity": "ionosphere reflections", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [219, 241]}, {"entity": "meteor trails", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [244, 257]}, {"entity": "three body scatter spike", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [264, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In planning and control , the essential difference between humanoids and other kinds of robots ( like industrial ones ) is that the movement of the robot must be human-like , using legged locomotion , especially biped gait .", "entity": [{"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "biped gait", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [212, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gradient descent can take many iterations to compute a local minimum with a required accuracy , if the curvature in different directions is very different for the given function .", "entity": [{"entity": "gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "local minimum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "curvature", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1997 RoboCup 2D Soccer Simulation League was the first RoboCup competition promoted in conjunction with International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence held in Nagoya , Japan , from 23 to 29 August 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1997 RoboCup 2D Soccer Simulation League", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 44]}, {"entity": "RoboCup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [108, 165]}, {"entity": "Nagoya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [183, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other programming options include an embedded Python environment , and an R Console plus support for Rserve .", "entity": [{"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "Rserve", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Bonn he has contributed fundamentally to artificial intelligence and robotics ( with Wolfram Burgard , Dieter Fox , Sebastian Thrun among his students ) , and to the development of software engineering , particularly in civil engineering , and information systems , particularly in the geosciences. won the AAAI Classic Paper award of 2016.2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonn", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [46, 69]}, {"entity": "robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Wolfram Burgard", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "Dieter Fox", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Sebastian Thrun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "software engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [186, 206]}, {"entity": "civil engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [225, 242]}, {"entity": "information systems", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [249, 268]}, {"entity": "geosciences.", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [291, 303]}, {"entity": "AAAI Classic Paper award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [312, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first USA edition of Campus Party will take place from 20 to 22 of August at TCF Center in Detroit , Michigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "USA edition of Campus Party", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [10, 37]}, {"entity": "TCF Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with Yann LeCun , and Yoshua Bengio , Hinton won the 2018 Turing Award for conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made deep neural networks a critical component of computing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yann LeCun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Yoshua Bengio", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Hinton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Turing Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "deep neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [140, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Euler Math Toolbox uses a matrix language similar to MATLAB , a system that had been under development since the 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euler Math Toolbox", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some languages make it possible portably ( e.g. Scheme , Common Lisp , Perl or D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scheme", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Common Lisp", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Perl", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "D", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [79, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1969 a famous book entitled Perceptrons by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert showed that it was impossible for these classes of network to learn an XOR function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perceptrons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Marvin Minsky", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Seymour Papert", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "XOR function", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large numbers of Russian scientific and technical documents were translated using SYSTRAN under the auspices of the USAF Foreign Technology Division ( later the National Air and Space Intelligence Center ) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "SYSTRAN", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "USAF Foreign Technology Division", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 148]}, {"entity": "National Air and Space Intelligence Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 203]}, {"entity": "Wright-Patterson Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [209, 240]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [243, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Semi-supervised learning falls between unsupervised learning ( without any labeled training data ) and supervised learning ( with completely labeled training data ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Semi-supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "unsupervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [103, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An n -gram model is a type of probabilistic language model for predicting the next item in such a sequence in the form of a ( n − 1 ) -order Markov model .efficiently .", "entity": [{"entity": "n -gram model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "probabilistic language model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [30, 58]}, {"entity": "Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cleveland Clinic has used Cyc to develop a natural language query interface of biomedical information , spanning decades of information on cardiothoracic surgeries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Clinic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "Cyc", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "natural language query interface of biomedical information", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [47, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incident strained relations between the United States and Japan , and resulted in the arrest and prosecution two senior executives , as well as the imposition of sanctions on the company by both countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the modeling is done by an artificial neural network or other machine learning , the optimization of parameters is called training , while the optimization of model hyperparameters is called tuning and often uses cross-validation ..", "entity": [{"entity": "artificial neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [30, 55]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "training", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "tuning", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 200]}, {"entity": "cross-validation", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [216, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localized versions of the site available in the United Kingdom , India , and Australia were discontinued following the acquisition of Rotten Tomatoes by Fandango .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "Fandango", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NER model is one of a number of methods for determining the accuracy of live subtitles in television broadcasts and events that are produced using speech recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "NER", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [151, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atran has taught at Cambridge University , Hebrew University in Jerusalem , the École pratique des hautes études and École Polytechnique in Paris , and John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atran", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Cambridge University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [20, 40]}, {"entity": "Hebrew University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "École pratique des hautes études", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [80, 112]}, {"entity": "École Polytechnique", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [117, 136]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "John Jay College of Criminal Justice", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [152, 188]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SHRDLU was an early natural language understanding computer program , developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968-1970", "entity": [{"entity": "SHRDLU", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "natural language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [20, 50]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a B.E. in electronics engineering from B.M.S. College of Engineering in Bangalore , India in 1982 , when it was affiliated with Bangalore University , an M.S. in electrical and computer engineering in 1984 from Drexel University , and an M.S. in computer science in 1989 , and a Ph.D. in 1990 , respectively , from the University of Wisconsin-Madison , where he studied Artificial Intelligence and worked with Leonard Uhr .", "entity": [{"entity": "B.E.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "electronics engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "B.M.S. College of Engineering", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 80]}, {"entity": "Bangalore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "Bangalore University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "M.S.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "electrical and computer engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [174, 209]}, {"entity": "Drexel University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [223, 240]}, {"entity": "M.S.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 254]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [258, 274]}, {"entity": "Ph.D.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [291, 296]}, {"entity": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [331, 362]}, {"entity": "Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [382, 405]}, {"entity": "Leonard Uhr", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [422, 433]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accuracy is usually rated with word error rate ( WER ) , whereas speed is measured with the real time factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "word error rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "WER", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "real time factor", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1971 Terry Winograd developed an early natural language processing engine capable of interpreting naturally written commands within a simple rule-governed environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [42, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In artificial intelligence , Marvin Minsky , Herbert A. Simon , and Allen Newell are prominent .", "entity": [{"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 26]}, {"entity": "Marvin Minsky", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Herbert A. Simon", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "Allen Newell", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the latter half of the 20th century , electrical engineering itself separated into several disciplines , specialising in the design and analysis of systems that manipulate physical signals ; electronic engineering and computer engineering as examples ; while design engineering developed to deal with functional design of user-machine interfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "electrical engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "electronic engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [194, 216]}, {"entity": "computer engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [221, 241]}, {"entity": "design engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [262, 280]}, {"entity": "user-machine interfaces", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [325, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the simplest statistic is accuracy or Fraction Correct ( FC ) , which measures the fraction of all instances that are correctly categorized ; it is the ratio of the number of correct classifications to the total number of correct or incorrect classifications : ( TP + TN ) / Total Population = ( TP + TN ) / ( TP + TN + FP + FN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Fraction Correct", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "FC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "TP + TN", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [271, 278]}, {"entity": "TP + TN", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [304, 311]}, {"entity": "TP + TN + FP + FN", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [318, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the academic community , the major forums for research started in 1995 when the First International Conference Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery ( KDD-95 ) was started in Montreal under AAAI sponsorship .", "entity": [{"entity": "First International Conference Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [83, 149]}, {"entity": "KDD-95", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [191, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this approach , models are developed using different data mining , machine learning algorithms to predict users ' rating of unrated items .", "entity": [{"entity": "data mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of the above discussion , we see that the SVM technique is equivalent to empirical risk with Tikhonov regularization , where in this case the loss function is the hinge loss", "entity": [{"entity": "SVM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "empirical risk", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Tikhonov regularization", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [102, 125]}, {"entity": "loss function", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2015 edition was hosted by Molly McGrath , with Chris Rose and former UFC fighter Kenny Florian as commentators .", "entity": [{"entity": "Molly McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Chris Rose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "UFC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "Kenny Florian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A subset called Micro-Planner was implemented by Gerald Jay Sussman , Eugene Charniak and Terry Winograd Sussman , , and Winograd 1971 and was used in Winograd 's natural-language understanding program SHRDLU , Eugene Charniak 's story understanding work , Thorne McCarty 's work on legal reasoning , and some other projects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Micro-Planner", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Gerald Jay Sussman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Eugene Charniak", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Sussman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "natural-language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [163, 193]}, {"entity": "SHRDLU", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [202, 208]}, {"entity": "Eugene Charniak", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [211, 226]}, {"entity": "story understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [230, 249]}, {"entity": "Thorne McCarty", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [257, 271]}, {"entity": "legal reasoning", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [283, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WordNet has been used for a number of purposes in information systems , including word-sense disambiguation , information retrieval , automatic text classification , Automatic summarization , machine translation and even automatic crossword puzzle generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "information systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "word-sense disambiguation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [82, 107]}, {"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [110, 131]}, {"entity": "automatic text classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [134, 163]}, {"entity": "Automatic summarization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [166, 189]}, {"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [192, 211]}, {"entity": "automatic crossword puzzle generation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [221, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keutzer was named a Fellow of the IEEE in 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keutzer", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A widely used type of composition is the nonlinear weighted sum , where math \\ textstyle f ( x ) = K \\ left ( \\ sum _ i w _ i g _ i ( x ) \\ right ) / math , where math \\ textstyle K / math ( commonly referred to as the activation function ) is some predefined function , such as the hyperbolic tangent , sigmoid function , softmax function , or rectifier function .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonlinear weighted sum", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "activation function", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [219, 238]}, {"entity": "hyperbolic tangent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [283, 301]}, {"entity": "sigmoid function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [304, 320]}, {"entity": "softmax function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [323, 339]}, {"entity": "rectifier function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [345, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the film Westworld , female robots actually engaged in intercourse with human men as part of the make-believe vacation world human customers paid to attend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westworld", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , the process starts by terminology extraction and concepts or noun phrase s from plain text using linguistic processors such as part-of-speech tagging and phrase chunking .", "entity": [{"entity": "terminology extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [34, 56]}, {"entity": "part-of-speech tagging", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "phrase chunking", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They demonstrated its performance on a number of problems of interest to the machine learning community , including handwriting recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "handwriting recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [116, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While studying at Stanford , Scheinman was awarded a fellowship sponsored by George Devol , the inventor of the Unimate , the first industrial robot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanford", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Scheinman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "George Devol", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Unimate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While originally used to evaluate machine translations , bilingual evaluation understudy ( BLEU ) has been used successfully to evaluate paraphrase generation models as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine translations", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "bilingual evaluation understudy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [57, 88]}, {"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "paraphrase generation models", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [137, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unimation later licensed their technology to Kawasaki Heavy Industries and GKN , manufacturing Unimate s in Japan and England respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unimation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 70]}, {"entity": "GKN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "Unimate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the confusion between these two research communities ( which do often have separate conferences and separate journals , ECML PKDD being a major exception ) comes from the basic assumptions they work with : in machine learning , performance is usually evaluated with respect to the ability to reproduce known knowledge , while in knowledge discovery and data mining ( KDD ) the key task is the discovery of previously unknown knowledge .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECML PKDD", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [217, 233]}, {"entity": "knowledge discovery and data mining", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [337, 372]}, {"entity": "KDD", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [375, 378]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hidden Markov model s are the basis for most modern automatic speech recognition systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "automatic speech recognition systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [52, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", a company in Bangalore , India specializing in online handwriting recognition software .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangalore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "handwriting recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [56, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do repeated translations converge on a single expression in both languages ? I.e. does the translation method show stationarity or produce a canonical form ? Does the translation become stationary without losing the original meaning ? This metric has been criticized as not being well correlated with BLEU ( BiLingual Evaluation Understudy ) scores .", "entity": [{"entity": "canonical form", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [301, 305]}, {"entity": "BiLingual Evaluation Understudy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [308, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He holds fellowships in the American Association for Artificial Intelligence , the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University , the MIT Center for Cognitive Science , the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , the Canadian Psychological Association , and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Association for Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [28, 76]}, {"entity": "Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 135]}, {"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [180, 197]}, {"entity": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [204, 244]}, {"entity": "Canadian Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [251, 285]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [318, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hinton - together with Yoshua Bengio and Yann LeCun - are referred to by some as the Godfathers of AI and Godfathers of Deep Learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hinton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Yoshua Bengio", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Yann LeCun", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Godfathers of AI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "Godfathers of Deep Learning", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lightweight open-source speech project eSpeak , which has its own approach to synthesis , has experimented with Mandarin and Cantonese. eSpeak was used by Google Translate from May 20102010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "eSpeak", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Mandarin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "Cantonese.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "eSpeak", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "Google Translate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [159, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also released in 1982 , Software Automatic Mouth was the first commercial all-software voice synthesis program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Software Automatic Mouth", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [24, 48]}, {"entity": "synthesis program", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The column ratios are TRUE Positive Rate ( TPR , aka Sensitivity or recall ) ( TP / ( TP + FN ) ) , with complement the FALSE Negative Rate ( FNR ) ( FN / ( TP + FN ) ) ; and TRUE Negative Rate ( TNR , aka Specificity , SPC ) ( TN / ( TN + FP ) ) , with complement FALSE Positive Rate ( FPR ) ( FP / ( TN + FP ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRUE Positive Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "TPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "TP / ( TP + FN )", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "FALSE Negative Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "FNR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "FN / ( TP + FN )", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [150, 166]}, {"entity": "TRUE Negative Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [175, 193]}, {"entity": "TNR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "Specificity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "SPC", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [220, 223]}, {"entity": "TN / ( TN + FP )", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [228, 244]}, {"entity": "FALSE Positive Rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [265, 284]}, {"entity": "FPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [287, 290]}, {"entity": "FP / ( TN + FP )", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [295, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edsinger and Weber collaborated on many other robots as well , and their experience working with the Kismet", "entity": [{"entity": "Edsinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Weber", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R functionality is accessible from several scripting languages such as Python , are available as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VAL was one of the first robot languages and was used in Unimate robots .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Unimate robots", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They presented their database for the first time as a poster at the 2009 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ( CVPR ) in Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "2009 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [68, 126]}, {"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Categorization tasks in which no labels are supplied are referred to as unsupervised classification , unsupervised learning , Cluster analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Categorization tasks", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "unsupervised classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [72, 99]}, {"entity": "unsupervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "Cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [126, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It needs to Object recognition , recognize and locate humans and further emotion recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Object recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "emotion recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [73, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process is complex and contains encoding and recall or retrieval .", "entity": [{"entity": "encoding", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "retrieval", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also known as parallel robots , or generalized Stewart platforms ( in the Stewart platform , the actuators are paired together on both the basis and the platform ) , these systems are articulated robot s that use similar mechanisms for the movement of either the robot on its base , or one or more manipulator arms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stewart platforms", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "Stewart platform", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "articulated robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [184, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Machine vision as a systems engineering discipline can be considered distinct from computer vision , a form of computer science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Machine vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "systems engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation function of the LSTM gates is often the logistic sigmoid function .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSTM gates", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "logistic sigmoid function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [55, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , the sample mean is the ( necessarily unique ) efficient estimator , and thus also the minimum variance unbiased estimator ( MVUE ) , in addition to being the maximum likelihood estimator .", "entity": [{"entity": "sample mean", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "minimum variance unbiased estimator", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [103, 138]}, {"entity": "MVUE", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [141, 145]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood estimator", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [175, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee , James Hendler , and Ora Lassila described an expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "Berners-Lee", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "James Hendler", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Ora Lassila", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Web", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Semantic Web", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blade Runner used a number of then-lesser-known actors : Sean Young portrays Rachael , an experimental replicant implanted with the memories of Tyrell 's niece , causing her to believe she is human ; Sammon , pp. 92-93 Nina Axelrod auditioned for the role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blade Runner", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Sean Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Rachael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Tyrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Sammon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 206]}, {"entity": "Nina Axelrod", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gerry Sussman , Eugene Charniak , Seymour Papert and Terry Winograd visited the University of Edinburgh in 1971 spreading the news about Micro-Planner and SHRDLU and casting doubt on the resolution uniform proof procedure approach that had been the mainstay of the Edinburgh Logicists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerry Sussman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Eugene Charniak", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "Seymour Papert", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "University of Edinburgh", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [80, 103]}, {"entity": "Micro-Planner", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "SHRDLU", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [265, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walter 's work inspired subsequent generations of robotics researchers such as Rodney Brooks , Hans Moravec and Mark Tilden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Rodney Brooks", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Hans Moravec", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Mark Tilden", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , a similar GPU-based CNN by Alex Krizhevsky et al. won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Alex Krizhevsky", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2012", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [73, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Commonly used loss functions for probabilistic classification include log loss and the Brier score between the predicted and the TRUE probability distributions .", "entity": [{"entity": "loss functions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "log loss", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Brier score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "TRUE probability", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2016 , NtechLab was admitted to the official testing of biometrics technology by NIST among the three Russian companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "NtechLab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "biometrics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , floating-point numbers have only a certain amount of mathematical precision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 2015 , many of SenseTime 's papers were accepted into the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ( CVPR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SenseTime", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [65, 118]}, {"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He co-developed optimal algorithms for Structure From Motion ( SFM , or Visual SLAM , simultaneous localization and mapping , in Robotics ; Best Paper Award at Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 1998 ) , characterized its ambiguities ( David Marr Prize at ICCV 1999 ) , also characterized the identifiability and observability of visual-inertial sensor fusion ( Best Paper Award at Robotics 2015 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Structure From Motion", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "SFM", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Visual SLAM", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "simultaneous localization and mapping", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [86, 123]}, {"entity": "Robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Best Paper Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 156]}, {"entity": "Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [160, 213]}, {"entity": "David Marr Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [255, 271]}, {"entity": "ICCV 1999", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [275, 284]}, {"entity": "Best Paper Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [381, 397]}, {"entity": "Robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [401, 409]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stephen H. Muggleton FBCS , FIET , Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen H. Muggleton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "FBCS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "FIET", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [35, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing , machine vision and computer vision , particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edge detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "machine vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "feature detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [125, 142]}, {"entity": "feature extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example of this would be a variable such as outside temperature ( mathtemp / math ) , which in a given application might be recorded to several decimal places of precision ( depending on the sensing apparatus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "outside temperature", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "decimal places of precision", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The returning judges are Fon Davis , Jessica Chobot , and Leland Melvin , as well as celebrity guest judges actor Clark Gregg , MythBusters host and former Battlebots builder Adam Savage , NFL tightend Vernon Davis , and YouTube star Michael Stevens a.k.a. Vsauce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fon Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Jessica Chobot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Leland Melvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Clark Gregg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "MythBusters", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Battlebots", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "Adam Savage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 192]}, {"entity": "Vernon Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "YouTube", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 228]}, {"entity": "Michael Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 249]}, {"entity": "Vsauce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [257, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But these methods never won over the non-uniform internal-handcrafting Gaussian mixture model / Hidden Markov model ( GMM-HMM ) technology based on generative models of speech trained discriminatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaussian mixture model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "Hidden Markov model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "GMM-HMM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Software packages like MATLAB , GNU Octave , Scilab , and SciPy provide convenient ways to apply these different methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "GNU Octave", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Scilab", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "SciPy", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linear predictive coding ( LPC ) , a speech processing algorithm , was first proposed by Fumitada Itakura of Nagoya University and Shuzo Saito of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ( NTT ) in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linear predictive coding", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "LPC", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "speech processing", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "Fumitada Itakura", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "Nagoya University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "Shuzo Saito", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 176]}, {"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , for the 25th anniversary of the algorithm , a workshop was organized at the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ( CVPR ) to summarize the most recent contributions and variations to the original algorithm , mostly meant to improve the speed of the algorithm , the robustness and accuracy of the estimated solution and to decrease the dependency from user defined constants .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [86, 153]}, {"entity": "CVPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The members went to the University of Debrecen , the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Eötvös Loránd University , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Debrecen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "Hungarian Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 82]}, {"entity": "Eötvös Loránd University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [85, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To extend SVM to cases in which the data are not linearly separable , we introduce the loss function ,", "entity": [{"entity": "SVM", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "loss function", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logo is an educational programming language , designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig , Seymour Papert , and Cynthia Solomon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Logo", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Wally Feurzeig", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Seymour Papert", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "Cynthia Solomon", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eyring Research Institute was instrumental to the U.S. Air Force Missile Directorate at Hill Air Force Base near Ogden , Utah to produce in top military secrecy , the Intelligent Systems Technology Software that was foundational to the later named Reagan Star Wars program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eyring Research Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "U.S. Air Force Missile Directorate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 84]}, {"entity": "Hill Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "Ogden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "Utah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Intelligent Systems Technology Software", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [167, 206]}, {"entity": "Reagan Star Wars program", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [248, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the decades he has researched and developed emerging fields of computer science from compiler , programming languages and system architecture John F. Sowa and John Zachman ( 1992 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "John F. Sowa", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [147, 159]}, {"entity": "John Zachman", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sobel operator , sometimes called the Sobel-Feldman operator or Sobel filter , is used in image processing and computer vision , particularly within edge detection algorithms where it creates an image emphasising edges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sobel operator", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Sobel-Feldman operator", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "Sobel filter", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "edge detection algorithms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [153, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LDA is a supervised learning algorithm that utilizes the labels of the data , while PCA is an learning algorithm that ignores the labels .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDA", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "supervised learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "PCA", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other linear classification algorithms include Winnow , support vector machine and logistic regression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winnow", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "support vector machine", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "logistic regression", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VTK consists of a C + + class library and several interpreted interface layers including Tcl / Tk , Java , and Python .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTK", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "C + +", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "Tcl / Tk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , text produced by processing spontaneous speech using automatic speech recognition and printed or handwritten text using optical character recognition contains processing noise .", "entity": [{"entity": "automatic speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [60, 88]}, {"entity": "optical character recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [127, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miller wrote several books and directed the development of WordNet , an online word-linkage database usable by computer programs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contemporary automata are represented by the works of Cabaret Mechanical Theatre in the United Kingdom , Dug North and Chomick + Meder , Arthur Ganson , Joe Jones in the United States , Le Défenseur du Temps by French artist Jacques Monestier , and François Junod in Switzerland .", "entity": [{"entity": "automata", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Cabaret Mechanical Theatre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Dug North", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "Chomick + Meder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "Arthur Ganson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Joe Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [170, 183]}, {"entity": "Le Défenseur du Temps", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [186, 207]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 217]}, {"entity": "Jacques Monestier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [225, 242]}, {"entity": "François Junod", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 263]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [267, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATLAB does include standard codefor / code and codewhile / code loops , but ( as in other similar applications such as R ) , using the vectorized notation is encouraged and is often faster to execute .", "entity": [{"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [120, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pausch received two awards from Association for Computing Machinery in 2007 for his achievements in computing education : the Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award and the ACM SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pausch", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Association for Computing Machinery", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [32, 67]}, {"entity": "computing education", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [100, 119]}, {"entity": "Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 170]}, {"entity": "ACM SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1960 , Devol personally sold the first Unimate robot , which was shipped in 1961 to General Motors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Devol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Unimate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "General Motors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Semantic networks are used in natural language processing applications such as semantic parsing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Semantic networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [30, 57]}, {"entity": "semantic parsing", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some successful applications of deep learning are computer vision and speech recognition . Honglak Lee , Roger Grosse , Rajesh Ranganath , Andrew Y. Ng .", "entity": [{"entity": "deep learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Honglak Lee", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Roger Grosse", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Rajesh Ranganath", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "Andrew Y. Ng", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to maintaining the Discovery One spacecraft systems during the interplanetary mission to Jupiter ( or Saturn in the novel ) , HAL is capable of speech synthesis , speech recognition , facial recognition , natural language processing , lip reading , art appreciation , Affective computing , automated reasoning , spacecraft piloting and playing chess .", "entity": [{"entity": "Discovery One spacecraft systems", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [31, 63]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "HAL", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "speech synthesis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [156, 172]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [175, 193]}, {"entity": "facial recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [196, 214]}, {"entity": "natural language processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [217, 244]}, {"entity": "lip reading", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [247, 258]}, {"entity": "art appreciation", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [261, 277]}, {"entity": "Affective computing", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [280, 299]}, {"entity": "automated reasoning", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [302, 321]}, {"entity": "spacecraft piloting", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [324, 343]}, {"entity": "playing chess", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [348, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dr. Julesz emigrated from Hungary to the United States following the 1956 Soviet invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dr. Julesz", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sigmoid function activation functions use a second non-linearity for large inputs : math \\ phi ( v _ i ) = ( 1 + \\ exp ( -v _ i ) ) ^ { -1 } / math .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sigmoid function", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These probabilities are used to determine what the target is using a maximum likelihood decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood decision", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [69, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1984 he moved to the University of Konstanz and in 1990 to the University of Salzburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Konstanz", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "University of Salzburg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [66, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some popular fitness functions based on the confusion matrix include sensitivity / specificity , recall / precision , F-measure , Jaccard similarity , Matthews correlation coefficient , and cost / gain matrix which combines the costs and gains assigned to the 4 different types of classifications .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "sensitivity / specificity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [69, 94]}, {"entity": "recall / precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "F-measure", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "Jaccard similarity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [130, 148]}, {"entity": "Matthews correlation coefficient", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [151, 183]}, {"entity": "cost / gain matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [190, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common numerical programming environments such as MATLAB , SciLab , NumPy , Sklearn and the R language provide some of the simpler feature extraction techniques ( e.g. principal component analysis ) via built-in commands .", "entity": [{"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "SciLab", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "NumPy", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Sklearn", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "R language", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "principal component analysis", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [168, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Industrial robots have been implemented to collaborate with humans to perform industrial manufacturing tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Industrial robots", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first published paper on CGs , John F. Sowa applied them to a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence , computer science , and cognitive science .", "entity": [{"entity": "CGs", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "John F. Sowa", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "cognitive science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NIST also differs from BLEU in its calculation of the brevity penalty , insofar as small variations in translation length do not impact the overall score as much .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "BLEU", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "brevity penalty", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IJCAI Award for Research Excellence is a biannual award given at the IJCAI conference to researcher in artificial intelligence as a recognition of excellence of their career .", "entity": [{"entity": "IJCAI Award for Research Excellence", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 39]}, {"entity": "IJCAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [107, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lenat was one of the original Fellows of the AAAI , and is the only individual to have on the Scientific Advisory Boards of both Microsoft and Apple .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenat", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "AAAI", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "Scientific Advisory Boards of both Microsoft and Apple", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autoencoders are trained to minimise reconstruction errors ( such as Mean squared error ) , often referred to as the loss :", "entity": [{"entity": "Autoencoders", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "loss", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative to the use of the definitions is to consider general word-sense relatedness and to compute the similarity of each pair of word senses based on a given lexical knowledge base such as WordNet .", "entity": [{"entity": "lexical knowledge base", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 188]}, {"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [197, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TD-Lambda is a learning algorithm invented by Richard S. Sutton based on earlier work on temporal difference learning by Arthur Samuel .", "entity": [{"entity": "TD-Lambda", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Richard S. Sutton", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Arthur Samuel", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In data mining and statistics , hierarchical clustering ( also called hierarchical cluster analysis or HCA ) is a method of cluster analysis which seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "data mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "hierarchical clustering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "hierarchical cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [70, 99]}, {"entity": "HCA", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [124, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of deconvolution is widely used in the techniques of signal processing and image processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "deconvolution", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "signal processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [87, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive maps serve the construction and accumulation of spatial knowledge , allowing the mind 's eye to visualize images in order to reduce cognitive load , enhance recall and learning of information .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cognitive maps", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "cognitive load", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [167, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", typically providing bindings to languages such as Python , C + + , Java ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Python", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "C + +", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A voice-user interface ( VUI ) makes spoken human interaction with computers possible , using speech recognition to understand spoken commands and Question answering , and typically text to speech to play a reply .", "entity": [{"entity": "voice-user interface", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "VUI", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "Question answering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [147, 165]}, {"entity": "text to speech", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [182, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jess is a rule engine for the Java platform that was developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jess", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "rule engine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Ernest Friedman-Hill", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "Sandia National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For multilayer perceptron s , where a hidden layer exists , more sophisticated algorithms such as backpropagation must be used .", "entity": [{"entity": "multilayer perceptron", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "backpropagation", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Google Translate 's neural machine translation system uses a large end-to-end artificial neural network that attempts to perform deep learning , in particular , long short-term memory networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Google Translate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "neural machine translation system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [20, 53]}, {"entity": "end-to-end artificial neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [67, 103]}, {"entity": "deep learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "long short-term memory networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [161, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various methods for doing so were developed in the 1980s and early 1990s by Werbos , Williams , Robinson , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Sepp Hochreiter , Pearlmutter and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Werbos", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Williams", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Robinson", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "Jürgen Schmidhuber", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "Sepp Hochreiter", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "Pearlmutter", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "| Apple Apple Inc originally licensed software from Nuance to provide speech recognition capability to its digital assistant Siri .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apple", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "Apple Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Nuance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Siri", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columbia released several 3D westerns produced by Sam Katzman and directed by William Castle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "3D westerns", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Sam Katzman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "William Castle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It incorporates knowledge and research in the computer science , linguistics and computer engineering fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "computer science", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "linguistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "computer engineering", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here is an example of R code :", "entity": [{"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [22, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ROC curve is created by plotting the TRUE positive rate ( TPR ) against the FALSE positive rate ( FPR ) at various threshold settings .", "entity": [{"entity": "ROC curve", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "TRUE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "TPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "FALSE positive rate", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "FPR", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research stagnated after machine learning research by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert ( 1969 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Marvin Minsky", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Seymour Papert", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other programming environments that are used to build DAQ applications include ladder logic , Visual C + + , Visual Basic , LabVIEW , and MATLAB .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAQ", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "ladder logic", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Visual C + +", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Visual Basic", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "LabVIEW", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "MATLAB", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metric was designed to fix some of the problems found in the more popular BLEU metric , and also produce good correlation with human judgement at the sentence or segment level .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLEU metric", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Techniques such as dynamic Markov Networks , Convolutional neural network and Long short-term memory are often employed to exploit the semantic correlations between consecutive video frames .", "entity": [{"entity": "dynamic Markov Networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "Convolutional neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [45, 73]}, {"entity": "Long short-term memory", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [78, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass-produced printed circuit board s ( PCBs ) are almost exclusively manufactured by pick-and-place robots , typically with SCARA manipulators , which remove tiny electronic component s from strips or trays , and place them on to PCBs with great accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "printed circuit board", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "pick-and-place robots", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "SCARA", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [231, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the context of machine learning , where it is most widely applied today , LDA was rediscovered independently by David Blei , Andrew Ng and Michael I. Jordan in 2003 , and presented as a graphical model for topic discovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "LDA", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "David Blei", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Andrew Ng", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Michael I. Jordan", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [142, 159]}, {"entity": "graphical model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [189, 204]}, {"entity": "topic discovery", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [209, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measured performance on test data of eight naive WSI across various tauopathies resulted in the recall , precision , and an F1 score of 0.92 , 0.72 , and 0.81 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "WSI", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "tauopathies", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "F1 score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of advanced AR technologies ( e.g. adding computer vision , incorporating AR cameras into smartphone and object recognition ) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes interactive and digitally manipulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "AR", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "AR", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "object recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [119, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 , Schmidhuber formed a company , Nnaisense , to work on commercial applications of artificial intelligence in fields such as finance , heavy industry and self-driving car s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schmidhuber", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Nnaisense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [91, 114]}, {"entity": "self-driving car", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only does this alter the performance of all subsequent tests on the retained explanatory model , it may introduce bias and alter mean square error in estimation .", "entity": [{"entity": "mean square error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [133, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bigrams are used in most successful language model s for speech recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bigrams", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "language model", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His research in cognitive psychology has won the Early Career Award ( 1984 ) and Boyd McCandless Award 1986 ) from the American Psychological Association , the Troland Research Award ( 1993 ) from the National Academy of Sciences , the Henry Dale Prize ( 2004 ) from the Royal Institution of Great Britain , and the George Miller Prize ( 2010 ) from the Cognitive Neuroscience Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive psychology", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "Early Career Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Boyd McCandless Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "American Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 153]}, {"entity": "Troland Research Award", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [160, 182]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 229]}, {"entity": "Henry Dale Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [236, 252]}, {"entity": "Royal Institution of Great Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [271, 305]}, {"entity": "George Miller Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [316, 335]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroscience Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [354, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An eigenface ( The approach of using eigenfaces for Facial recognition system was developed by Sirovich and Kirby ( 1987 ) and used by Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland in face classification . Turk , Matthew A and Pentland , Alex P. Face recognition using eigenfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "eigenface", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "eigenfaces", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "Facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [52, 77]}, {"entity": "Sirovich", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Kirby", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "Matthew Turk", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "Alex Pentland", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "face classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [169, 188]}, {"entity": "Turk , Matthew A", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [191, 207]}, {"entity": "Pentland , Alex P.", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [212, 230]}, {"entity": "Face recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [231, 247]}, {"entity": "eigenfaces", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [254, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lexical dictionary such as WordNet can then be used for understanding the context .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyponymy is the most frequently encoded relation among synsets used in lexical databases such as WordNet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyponymy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "synsets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OPeNDAP offers open-source libraries in C + + and Java , but many clients rely on community developed libraries such as libraries include embedded capabilities for retrieving ( array-style ) data from DAP servers .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPeNDAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "C + +", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "DAP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that page , Samurai Damashii exaggerated the Senkousha as the crystallization of China 's four thousand years of scientific knowledge , commented on the crude design ( e.g. the Chinese Cannon on its crotch ) , and put its image among images of Honda ' s ASIMO and Sony ' s QRIO SDR-3X for juxtaposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samurai Damashii", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Senkousha", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Chinese Cannon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [180, 194]}, {"entity": "Honda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "ASIMO", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [257, 262]}, {"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [267, 271]}, {"entity": "QRIO SDR-3X", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [276, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also many programming libraries that contain neural network functionality and that can be used in custom implementations ( such as TensorFlow , Theano , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "neural network", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "TensorFlow", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "Theano", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery , IEEE , American Association for the Advancement of Science , IAPR and SPIE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for Computing Machinery", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [22, 57]}, {"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [67, 118]}, {"entity": "IAPR", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "SPIE", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trial by RET in 2011 with Facial recognition system cameras mounted on trams made sure that people were banned from the city trams did not sneak on anyway .", "entity": [{"entity": "RET", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "Facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [28, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film , adapted from the popular Cole Porter Broadway musical , starred the MGM songbird team of Howard Keel and Kathryn Grayson as the leads , supported by Ann Miller , Keenan Wynn , Bobby Van , James Whitmore , Kurt Kasznar and Tommy Rall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole Porter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Howard Keel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Kathryn Grayson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "Ann Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "Keenan Wynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 184]}, {"entity": "Bobby Van", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 196]}, {"entity": "James Whitmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 213]}, {"entity": "Kurt Kasznar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 228]}, {"entity": "Tommy Rall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such applications should streamline the call flows , minimize prompts , eliminate unnecessary iterations and allow elaborate mixed initiative dialog system , which enable callers to enter several pieces of information in a single utterance and in any order or combination .", "entity": [{"entity": "mixed initiative dialog system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [125, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , traditional gradient descent ( or Stochastic gradient descent ) methods can be adapted , where of taking a step in the direction of the function 's gradient , a step is taken in the direction of a vector selected from the function 's sub-gradient .", "entity": [{"entity": "gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "Stochastic gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [44, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it is assumed that distortion is measured by mean squared error , the distortion D , is given by :", "entity": [{"entity": "mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "distortion D", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MLPs were a popular machine learning solution in the 1980s , finding applications in diverse fields such as speech recognition , image recognition , and machine translation software , Neural networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLPs", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [108, 126]}, {"entity": "image recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [129, 146]}, {"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [153, 172]}, {"entity": "Neural networks", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [184, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allen received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1979 , under the supervision of C. Raymond Perrault ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Allen", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "University of Toronto", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "C. Raymond Perrault", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [91, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OpenCV supports some models from deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow , Torch , PyTorch ( after converting to an ONNX model ) and Caffe according to a defined list of supported layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "OpenCV", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "deep learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "TensorFlow", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Torch", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "PyTorch", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "ONNX", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "Caffe", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , Christensen was the Founding Chairman of European Robotics Research Network ( EURON ) and an IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Distinguished Lecturer in Robotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christensen", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "European Robotics Research Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 88]}, {"entity": "EURON", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "IEEE Robotics and Automation Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 142]}, {"entity": "Robotics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received his master 's degree in mathematics from the Samarkand State University , Samarkand , Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1958 and Ph.D in statistics at the Institute of Control Sciences , Moscow in 1964 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Samarkand State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [57, 83]}, {"entity": "Samarkand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [98, 129]}, {"entity": "Ph.D", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "statistics", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "Institute of Control Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 197]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasingly , however , work at Cycorp involves giving the Cyc system the ability to communicate with end users in natural language , and to assist with the ongoing knowledge formation process via machine learning and natural language understanding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cycorp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Cyc system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "machine learning", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [198, 214]}, {"entity": "natural language understanding", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [219, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , if the most suitable classifier for the problem is sought , the training dataset is used to train the candidate algorithms , the validation dataset is used to compare their performances and decide which one to take and , finally , the test dataset is used to obtain the performance characteristics such as accuracy , sensitivity , specificity , F-measure , and so on .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [320, 328]}, {"entity": "sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [331, 342]}, {"entity": "specificity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [345, 356]}, {"entity": "F-measure", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [359, 368]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mean squared error is 0.15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mean squared error", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1979 a Micromouse competition was organized by the IEEE as shown in the Spectrum magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Micromouse competition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 32]}, {"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "Spectrum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gabor space is very useful in image processing applications such as optical character recognition , iris recognition and fingerprint recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabor space", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "image processing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "optical character recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [72, 101]}, {"entity": "iris recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "fingerprint recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or via high-level interfaces to Java and Tcl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Tcl", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent research , kernel-based methods such as support vector machine s have shown superior performance in supervised .", "entity": [{"entity": "support vector machine", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [50, 72]}, {"entity": "supervised", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To illustrate the basic principles of bagging , below is an analysis on the relationship between ozone and temperature ( data from Rousseeuw and Leroy ( 1986 ) , analysis done in R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Rousseeuw", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Leroy", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [179, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denso Wave is a subsidiary that produces automatic identification products ( bar-code reader s and related products ) , industrial robot s and programmable logic controller s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denso Wave", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "bar-code reader", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "industrial robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "programmable logic controller", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [143, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where Bilingual evaluation understudy simply calculates n-gram precision adding equal weight to each one , NIST also calculates how informative a particular n-gram is .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bilingual evaluation understudy", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "n-gram precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "NIST", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "n-gram", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , they are used during the calculation of likelihood of a tree ( in Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to tree estimation ) and they are used to estimate the evolutionary distance between sequences from the observed differences between the sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayesian", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "maximum likelihood", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [95, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Audio Engineering Society recommends 48 kHz sampling rate for most applications but gives recognition to 44.1 kHz for Compact Disc ( CD ) and other consumer uses , 32 kHz for transmission-related applications , and 96 kHz for higher bandwidth or relaxed anti-aliasing filter ing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Audio Engineering Society", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "Compact Disc", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "anti-aliasing filter", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [258, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resources for affectivity of words and concepts have been made for WordNet { { cite journal", "entity": [{"entity": "WordNet", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In red-green anaglyph , the audience was presented three reels of tests , which included rural scenes , test shots of Marie Doro , a segment of John B. Mason playing a number of passages from Jim the Penman ( a film released by Famous Players-Lasky that year , but not in 3D ) , Oriental dancers , and a reel of footage of Niagara Falls .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-green anaglyph", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "Marie Doro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "John B. Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "Jim the Penman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "Famous Players-Lasky", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 248]}, {"entity": "Niagara Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [323, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a particular way of implementing maximum likelihood estimation for this problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "maximum likelihood estimation", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [41, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crawler-friendly Web Servers , and it integrates the features of sitemaps and RSS feeds into a decentralized mechanism for computational biologists and bio-informaticians to openly broadcast and retrieve meta-data about biomedical resources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crawler-friendly Web Servers", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "RSS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is covered by American National Standards Institute / NISO standard Z39.50 , and International Organization for Standardization standard 23950 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American National Standards Institute / NISO standard Z39.50", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 77]}, {"entity": "International Organization for Standardization standard 23950", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encoder and decoder are trained to take a phrase and reproduce the one-hot distribution of a corresponding paraphrase by minimizing perplexity using simple stochastic gradient descent .", "entity": [{"entity": "one-hot distribution", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 91]}, {"entity": "perplexity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "stochastic gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [160, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other typical applications of pattern recognition techniques are automatic speech recognition , classification of text into several categories ( e.g. , spam / non-spam email messages ) , the handwriting recognition on postal envelopes , automatic recognition of images of human faces , or handwriting image extraction from medical forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "pattern recognition", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "automatic speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [65, 93]}, {"entity": "classification of text into several categories", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [96, 142]}, {"entity": "handwriting recognition on postal envelopes", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [191, 234]}, {"entity": "automatic recognition of images of human faces", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [237, 283]}, {"entity": "handwriting image extraction from medical forms", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [289, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial neural networks have been used on a variety of tasks , including computer vision , speech recognition , machine translation , social network filtering , playing board and video games and medical diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Artificial neural networks", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "computer vision", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "speech recognition", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "machine translation", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "social network filtering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [137, 161]}, {"entity": "playing board and video games", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [164, 193]}, {"entity": "medical diagnosis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [198, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include Salford Systems CART ( which licensed the proprietary code of the original CART authors ) , IBM SPSS Modeler , RapidMiner , SAS Enterprise Miner , Matlab , R ( an open-source software environment for statistical computing , which includes several CART implementations such as rpart , party and randomForest packages ) , Weka ( a free and open-source data-mining suite , contains many decision tree algorithms ) , Orange , KNIME , Microsoft SQL Server programming language ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salford Systems", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "CART", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "CART", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "IBM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "SPSS Modeler", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "RapidMiner", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "SAS Enterprise Miner", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [141, 161]}, {"entity": "Matlab", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [173, 174]}, {"entity": "statistical computing", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [217, 238]}, {"entity": "CART", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [264, 268]}, {"entity": "rpart", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [293, 298]}, {"entity": "party", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [301, 306]}, {"entity": "randomForest", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [311, 323]}, {"entity": "Weka", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [337, 341]}, {"entity": "data-mining", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [367, 378]}, {"entity": "decision tree", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [401, 414]}, {"entity": "Orange", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [430, 436]}, {"entity": "KNIME", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [439, 444]}, {"entity": "Microsoft SQL Server", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [447, 467]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linear predictive coding ( LPC ) was first developed by Fumitada Itakura of Nagoya University and Shuzo Saito of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ( NTT ) in 1966 , and then further developed by Bishnu S. Atal and Manfred R. Schroeder at Bell Labs during the early-to-mid-1970s , becoming a basis for the first speech synthesizer DSP chips in the late 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linear predictive coding", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "LPC", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Fumitada Itakura", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Nagoya University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Shuzo Saito", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 143]}, {"entity": "NTT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "Bishnu S. Atal", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "Manfred R. Schroeder", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [211, 231]}, {"entity": "Bell Labs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [235, 244]}, {"entity": "speech synthesizer DSP chips", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [308, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An F-score is a combination of the precision and the recall , providing a single score .", "entity": [{"entity": "F-score", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar code d tags or as sophisticated as facial recognition system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Image analysis", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "reading bar code d tags", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [41, 64]}, {"entity": "facial recognition system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [88, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The special case of linear support-vector machines can be solved more efficiently by the same kind of algorithms to optimize its close cousin , logistic regression ; this class of algorithms includes Stochastic gradient descent ( e.g. , PEGASOS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "support-vector machines", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "logistic regression", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [144, 163]}, {"entity": "Stochastic gradient descent", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [200, 227]}, {"entity": "PEGASOS", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [237, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Siri on an iOS device is asked Do you have a pet ? , one the responses is I used to have an AIBO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siri", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "iOS", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "AIBO", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In information retrieval , the positive predictive value is called precision , and sensitivity is called recall .", "entity": [{"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [3, 24]}, {"entity": "positive predictive value", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "recall", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , his research focused on areas such as text mining ( extraction , categorization , novelty detection ) and in new theoretical frameworks such as a unified utility-based theory bridging information retrieval , Automatic summarization , free-text Question Answering and related tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "text mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "categorization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "novelty detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [98, 115]}, {"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [200, 221]}, {"entity": "Automatic summarization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [224, 247]}, {"entity": "free-text Question Answering", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [250, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delta robot s have base-mounted rotary actuator s that move a light , stiff , parallelogram arm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta robot", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "rotary actuator", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "parallelogram arm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four outcomes can be formulated in a 2 × 2 contingency table or confusion matrix , as follows :", "entity": [{"entity": "2 × 2 contingency table", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [41, 64]}, {"entity": "confusion matrix", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actual data mining task is the semi-automatic or automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract unknown , interesting patterns such as groups of data records ( cluster analysis ) , unusual records ( anomaly detection ) , and dependencies ( association rule mining , sequential pattern mining ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "data mining", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "cluster analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "anomaly detection", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [214, 231]}, {"entity": "association rule mining", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [255, 278]}, {"entity": "sequential pattern mining", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [281, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a recommender system , sentiment analysis has been proven to be a valuable technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "recommender system", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "sentiment analysis", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By chance , the Germans had chosen the operating frequency of the Wotan system very badly ; it operated on 45 MHz , which just happened to be the frequency of the powerful-but-dormant BBC television transmitter at Alexandra Palace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Wotan", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 187]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Semantic Web applications , and in relatively popular applications of RDF like RSS and FOAF ( Friend a Friend ) , resources tend to be represented by URIs that intentionally denote , and can be used to access , actual data on the World Wide Web .", "entity": [{"entity": "Semantic Web applications", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 28]}, {"entity": "RDF", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "RSS", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "FOAF", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "Friend a Friend", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "URIs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "World Wide Web", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [233, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has studied this topic in depth", "entity": [{"entity": "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [4, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting as a curiosity , the speech system of Apple Macintosh has evolved into a fully supported program PlainTalk , for people with vision problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "speech system of Apple Macintosh", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [30, 62]}, {"entity": "PlainTalk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other areas of usage for ontologies within NLP include information retrieval , information extraction and automatic summarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "NLP", "entity_type": "field", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "information retrieval", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "information extraction", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "automatic summarization", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [106, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Institute has collaborated closely with the Janelia Farm Campus of Howard Hughes Medical Institute , the Allen Institute for Brain Science and the National Institutes of Health to develop better methods of reconstructing neuronal architectures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janelia Farm Campus of Howard Hughes Medical Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 102]}, {"entity": "Allen Institute for Brain Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 142]}, {"entity": "National Institutes of Health", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , Google announced that Google Translate translates roughly enough text to fill 1 million books in one day ( 2012 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Google", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Google Translate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Events are held worldwide , and are most popular in the United Kingdom , United States , Japan , Singapore , India , South Korea and becoming popular in subcontinent countries such as Sri Lanka .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [184, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These packages are developed primarily in R , and sometimes in Java , C , C + + , and Fortran .", "entity": [{"entity": "R", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [70, 71]}, {"entity": "C + +", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Fortran", "entity_type": "program language", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the 2006 European Conference on Computer Vision ( ECCV ) , Dalal and Triggs teamed up with Cordelia Schmid to apply HOG detectors to the problem of human detection in films and videos .", "entity": [{"entity": "2006 European Conference on Computer Vision", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [15, 58]}, {"entity": "ECCV", "entity_type": "conference", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "Dalal", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Triggs", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Cordelia Schmid", "entity_type": "researcher", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "HOG detectors", "entity_type": "algorithm", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "human detection in films and videos", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [159, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to sensitivity and specificity , the performance of a binary classification test can be measured with positive predictive value ( PPV ) , also known as precision , and negative predictive value ( NPV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sensitivity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "specificity", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "binary classification", "entity_type": "task", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "positive predictive value", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [114, 139]}, {"entity": "PPV", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "negative predictive value", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [180, 205]}, {"entity": "NPV", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such models may given partial credit for overlapping matches ( such as using the Jaccard index criterion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaccard index criterion", "entity_type": "metrics", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Two decades after Frank Herbert 's death , his son Brian Herbert , along with Kevin J. Anderson , published two sequel s - Hunters of Dune ( 2006 ) and Sandworms of Dune ( 2007 ) - based on notes left behind by Frank Herbert for what he referred to as Dune 7 , his own planned seventh novel in the Dune series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Brian Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Kevin J. Anderson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Hunters of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "Sandworms of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [152, 169]}, {"entity": "Frank Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [211, 224]}, {"entity": "Dune 7", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [252, 258]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [285, 290]}, {"entity": "Dune series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [298, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "February 2015 saw Ellis release his first album as Zarelli , Soft Rains on the Seriés Aphōnos label - a mostly instrumental synthesizer record , featuring the voice of Leonard Nimoy reading the Ray Bradbury short story There Will Come Soft Rains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ellis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "Zarelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Soft Rains", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Seriés Aphōnos label", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "Leonard Nimoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 181]}, {"entity": "Ray Bradbury", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [194, 206]}, {"entity": "short story", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [207, 218]}, {"entity": "There Will Come Soft Rains", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [219, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first known science fiction television program was a thirty-five-minute adapted excerpt of the play RUR , written by the Czech playwright Karel Čapek , broadcast live from the BBC 's Alexandra Palace studios on 11 February 1938 .", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "RUR", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Karel Čapek", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stoker 's inspirations for the story , in addition to Whitby , may have included a visit to Slains Castle in Aberdeenshire , a visit to the crypts of St. Michan 's Church in Dublin , and the novella Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stoker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Whitby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Slains Castle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Aberdeenshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "St. Michan 's Church", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "novella", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "Carmilla", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [199, 207]}, {"entity": "Sheridan Le Fanu", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [211, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The Forsyte Saga , first published under that title in 1922 , is a series of three novels and two interludes published between 1906 and 1921 by Nobel Prize in Literature -winning English author John Galsworthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Forsyte Saga", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [144, 169]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "John Galsworthy", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [194, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first actual missionary in Sweden and the Nordic countries ( and organizer of the Catholic church therein ) , Ansgar was later declared Patron of Scandinavia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Nordic countries", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Ansgar", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late November 1851 , Dickens moved into Tavistock House where he wrote Bleak House ( 1852-53 ) , Hard Times ( 1854 ) , and Little Dorrit ( 1856 ) ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickens", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Tavistock House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Bleak House", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Hard Times", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "Little Dorrit", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His supernatural thriller film Djinn premiered at the 2013 Abu Dhabi Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Djinn", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Abu Dhabi Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truffaut is admired among other filmmakers and several tributes to his work have appeared in other films such as Almost Famous , Face and The Diving Bell and the Butterfly , as well as novelist Haruki Murakami ' s Kafka on the Shore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Truffaut", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Almost Famous", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "Face", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "The Diving Bell and the Butterfly", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 171]}, {"entity": "Haruki Murakami", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [194, 209]}, {"entity": "Kafka on the Shore", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [214, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These confessional poems are the ones that document Lowell 's struggle with mental illness and include pieces like Skunk Hour , Home After Three Months Away and Waking in the Blue .", "entity": [{"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Lowell", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Skunk Hour", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Home After Three Months Away", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [128, 156]}, {"entity": "Waking in the Blue", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [161, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novelist Alan Furst has written in The Book of Spies that Graham Greene Graham Greene , John le Carré , Somerset Maugham , and McCarry write with a kind of cloaked anger , a belief that the world is a place where political power is maintained by treachery and betrayal ... Alan Furst , The Book of Spies , 2003 , p. ix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Furst", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "The Book of Spies", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Graham Greene", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Graham Greene", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "John le Carré", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Somerset Maugham", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "McCarry", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Alan Furst", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [277, 287]}, {"entity": "The Book of Spies", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [290, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay , in the Bombay Presidency of British Raj , to Alice Kipling ( née MacDonald ) and John Lockwood Kipling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudyard Kipling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Bombay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Bombay Presidency", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "British Raj", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Alice Kipling ( née MacDonald )", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [102, 133]}, {"entity": "John Lockwood Kipling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [138, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his awards for particular works were : Hugo Award s , in 1963 for The Dragon Masters , in 1967 for The Last Castle , and in 2010 for his memoir This is Me , Jack Vance ! ; a Nebula Award in 1966 , also for The Last Castle ; the Jupiter Award in 1975 ; the World Fantasy Award in 1990 for Lyonesse : Madouc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "The Dragon Masters", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "The Last Castle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "This is Me , Jack Vance !", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [150, 175]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "The Last Castle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [212, 227]}, {"entity": "Jupiter Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "World Fantasy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [262, 281]}, {"entity": "Lyonesse : Madouc", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [294, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a letter to P. Schuyler Miller and John Drury Clark in 1936 , only three months before Howard 's death , Conan is described as standing 6 ft / 183 cm and weighing when he takes part in an attack on Venarium at only 14 years old , though being far from fully grown .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. Schuyler Miller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "John Drury Clark", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Howard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Conan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Better parts followed , including The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .. BBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Cider House Rules", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [95, 134]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her novel Quartet in Autumn ( 1977 ) was nominated for the Booker Prize that year , and she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Quartet in Autumn", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "Booker Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Literature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gide went successively to Middle Congo ( now the Republic of the Congo ) , Ubangi-Shari ( now the Central African Republic ) , briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon before returning to France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Middle Congo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "Ubangi-Shari", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [98, 122]}, {"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "Cameroon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were Rachel , Rachel ( 1968 ) , based on Margaret Laurence ' s A Jest of God , the screen version of the Pulitzer Prize -winning play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds ( 1972 ) , the television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Shadow Box ( 1980 ) , and a screen version of Tennessee Williams ' The Glass Menagerie ( 1987 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rachel , Rachel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "Margaret Laurence", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "A Jest of God", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [139, 192]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize-winning", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [241, 263]}, {"entity": "The Shadow Box", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [269, 283]}, {"entity": "Tennessee Williams", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [319, 337]}, {"entity": "The Glass Menagerie", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [340, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elwyn Brooks White ( July 11 , 1899 - October 1 , 1985 ) In addition , he was a contributor to The New Yorker magazine , and also a co-author of the English language style guide The Elements of Style .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elwyn Brooks White", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "The Elements of Style", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [178, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his best-known works - most of which were published posthumously - are Dulce et Decorum est , Insensibility , Anthem for Doomed Youth , Futility , Spring Offensive and Strange Meeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dulce et Decorum est", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "Insensibility", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [116, 139]}, {"entity": "Futility", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "Spring Offensive", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "Strange Meeting", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [174, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crooked House ( 1949 ) and Ordeal by Innocence ( 1957 ) , which could easily have been Poirot novels , represent a logical endpoint of the general diminution of his presence in such works .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crooked House", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Ordeal by Innocence", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "Poirot novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In The Nation , reviewer Katha Pollitt said , Gibson has violated just about every precept of the ( United States Conference of Catholic Bishops ) conference 's own 1988 ' Criteria ' for the portrayal of Jews in dramatizations of the Passion ( no bloodthirsty Jews , no rabble , no use of Scripture that reinforces negative stereotypes of Jews , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Nation", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "Katha Pollitt", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Gibson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "United States Conference of Catholic Bishops", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 144]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [260, 264]}, {"entity": "Scripture", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [289, 298]}, {"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [339, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Saga of Eric Brighteyes is an epic viking novel by H. Rider Haggard that concerns the adventures of its eponymous principal character in 10th-century Iceland .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Saga of Eric Brighteyes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "epic viking novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "H. Rider Haggard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "Iceland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some critics , including Donald Spoto and Roger Ebert , agree that Vertigo is the director 's most personal and revealing film , dealing with the Pygmalion -like obsessions of a man who crafts a woman into the woman he desires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Spoto", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Vertigo", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Pygmalion -like", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his spare time he also enjoyed reading about natural science s and popular novels , such as Don Quixote and Robinson Crusoe .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Don Quixote", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "Robinson Crusoe", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Stanley Robinson ' s novel , The Years of Rice and Salt ( 2002 ) , starts at the point of divergence with Timur turning his army away from Europe , and the Black Death has killed 99 % of Europe 's population , instead of only a third .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Stanley Robinson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "The Years of Rice and Salt", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [33, 59]}, {"entity": "Timur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 149]}, {"entity": "Black Death", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H. G. Wells praised Growth of the Soil ( 1917 ) for which Hamsun was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. G. Wells", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Growth of the Soil", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Hamsun", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1961 , his friend C. S. Lewis even nominated him for the Nobel Prize in Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "C. S. Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , he was best known for his setting the Draumkvedet ( 1905 ) and the Poetic Edda ( 1908 ) into modern Norwegian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Draumkvedet", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Poetic Edda", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She later formed the Pagan Babies with friend Kat Bjelland , whom she met at the Satyricon club in Portland in 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pagan Babies", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Kat Bjelland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Satyricon club", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "Portland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser , with its stanzas of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by one alexandrine , exemplifies what came to be its chief role : as a somewhat infrequent variant line in an otherwise iambic pentameter context .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Faerie Queene", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Edmund Spenser", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this part of his career , he was often seen as a rival to the The New Yorker ' s Pauline Kael , who had originally attacked the auteur theory in her essay Circles and Squares .", "entity": [{"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Pauline Kael", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Circles and Squares", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Smith later taught himself French and Spanish to translate verse out of those languages , including works by Gérard de Nerval , Paul Verlaine , and all but 6 of Charles Baudelaire ' s 157 poems in Les Fleurs du mal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "verse", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Gérard de Nerval", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Paul Verlaine", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Charles Baudelaire", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [163, 181]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [190, 195]}, {"entity": "Les Fleurs du mal", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [199, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with Andersson , Ulvaeus was nominated for the Drama Desk Award in the category Outstanding Music ( for the musical Chess ) , and for a Tony Award in a category Best Orchestrations ( for the musical Mamma Mia ! ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andersson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Ulvaeus", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Drama Desk Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Outstanding Music", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "Chess", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "Best Orchestrations", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 189]}, {"entity": "Mamma Mia !", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [208, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 1938 , Huxley 's friend Anita Loos , a novelist and screenwriter , put him in touch with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , which hired him for Madame Curie which was originally to star Greta Garbo and be directed by George Cukor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huxley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Anita Loos", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 117]}, {"entity": "MGM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "Madame Curie", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Greta Garbo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "George Cukor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jonathan Lethem , in a 1998 essay in the Village Voice entitled Close Encounters : The Squandered Promise of Science Fiction , suggested that the point in 1973 when Thomas Pynchon Gravity 's Rainbow was nominated for the Nebula Award and was passed over in favor of Clarke 's Rendezvous with Rama , stands as a hidden tombstone marking the death of the hope that SF was about to merge with the mainstream .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Lethem", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Village Voice", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Close Encounters : The Squandered Promise of Science Fiction", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [64, 124]}, {"entity": "Thomas Pynchon", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [165, 179]}, {"entity": "Gravity 's Rainbow", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [180, 198]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [221, 233]}, {"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [266, 272]}, {"entity": "Rendezvous with Rama", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [276, 296]}, {"entity": "SF", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [363, 365]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writing for The Spectator in the UK , Graham Greene gave the film a mixed good review , characterizing the first half of the film as simple and direct and TRUE , but complaining that the second half displays a little less than life and that the last hour was permeated by banality and ennui .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Spectator", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "Graham Greene", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rights to A. A. Milne 's Pooh books were left to four beneficiaries : his family , the Royal Literary Fund , Westminster School and the Garrick Club at the beginning of the year after the 70th anniversary of the author 's death ( PMA -70 ) , and has already expired in those countries with a PMA-50 rule .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. A. Milne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Pooh", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "Royal Literary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "Westminster School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 131]}, {"entity": "Garrick Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She portrayed Nora in Henrik Ibsen ' s A Doll 's House at the Donmar Warehouse in London 's West End during a limited engagement which ran from May 14 , 2009 , until July 18 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nora", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Henrik Ibsen", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "A Doll 's House", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Donmar Warehouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "London 's West End", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carmilla is an 1872 Gothic novel la by Irish author Sheridan Le Fanu and one of the early works of vampire fiction , predating Bram Stoker ' s Dracula ( 1897 ) by 26 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carmilla", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Gothic novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Sheridan Le Fanu", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "vampire fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "Bram Stoker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Dracula", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She appeared in Catherine Cookson ' s The Fifteen Streets , alongside Sean Bean and Owen Teale in 1989 ; Our Own Kind ( Bush , 1991 ) ; Deadly Advice ( Fletcher , 1993 ) ; Cabaret ( Donmar Warehouse 1994 ) ; Macbeth ( Greenwich Theatre , 1995 ) ; and Absurd Person Singular ( Garrick Theatre , 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catherine Cookson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "The Fifteen Streets", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "Sean Bean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "Owen Teale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "Our Own Kind", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Deadly Advice", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Fletcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "Cabaret", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "Donmar Warehouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 198]}, {"entity": "Macbeth", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [208, 215]}, {"entity": "Greenwich Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [218, 235]}, {"entity": "Absurd Person Singular", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [251, 273]}, {"entity": "Garrick Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [276, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A keen reader , Truffaut adapted many literary works , including two novels by Henri-Pierre Roché , Ray Bradbury ' s Fahrenheit 451 , Henry James ' The Altar of the Dead , filmed as The Green Room , and several American detective novels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Truffaut", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Henri-Pierre Roché", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "Ray Bradbury", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "Fahrenheit 451", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Henry James", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "The Altar of the Dead", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [148, 169]}, {"entity": "The Green Room", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 196]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "detective novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [220, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1945 , she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mildred Pierce , and received Best Actress nominations for Possessed ( 1947 ) and Sudden Fear ( 1952 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 52]}, {"entity": "Mildred Pierce", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "Possessed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Sudden Fear", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four more children followed : Charlotte Brontë , ( 1816-1855 ) , Branwell Brontë ( 1817-1848 ) , Emily Brontë , ( 1818-1848 ) and Anne ( 1820-1849 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "Branwell Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Emily Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second quarter of the 13th century , a version in Latin verse , the Gesta Regum Britanniae , was produced by William of Rennes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin verse", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Gesta Regum Britanniae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "William of Rennes", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His best known works include The Day of the Triffids ( 1951 ) and The Midwich Cuckoos ( 1957 ) , the latter filmed twice as Village of the Damned .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Day of the Triffids", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [29, 52]}, {"entity": "The Midwich Cuckoos", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "Village of the Damned", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [124, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The character of Conan has proven durably popular , resulting in Conan stories by later writers such as Poul Anderson , Leonard Carpenter , Lin Carter , L. Sprague de Camp , Roland J. Green , John C. Hocking , Robert Jordan , Sean A. Moore , Björn Nyberg , Andrew J. Offutt , Steve Perry , John Maddox Roberts , Harry Turtledove , and Karl Edward Wagner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Conan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Poul Anderson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Leonard Carpenter", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "Lin Carter", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "L. Sprague de Camp", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "Roland J. Green", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "John C. Hocking", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [192, 207]}, {"entity": "Robert Jordan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "Sean A. Moore", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [226, 239]}, {"entity": "Björn Nyberg", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [242, 254]}, {"entity": "Andrew J. Offutt", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [257, 273]}, {"entity": "Steve Perry", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [276, 287]}, {"entity": "John Maddox Roberts", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [290, 309]}, {"entity": "Harry Turtledove", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [312, 328]}, {"entity": "Karl Edward Wagner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [335, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other well-known works are the short-story collection Dubliners ( 1914 ) , and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ( 1916 ) and Finnegans Wake ( 1939 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "short-story", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Dubliners", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [90, 129]}, {"entity": "Finnegans Wake", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to his Best Picture Awards , he received an Academy Honorary Award for his film contributions , the Palme d 'Or ( posthumously ) for Union Pacific ( 1939 ) , a Directors Guild of America Award for Lifetime Achievement , and the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Best Picture Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 38]}, {"entity": "Academy Honorary Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "Palme d 'Or", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "Union Pacific", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "Directors Guild of America Award for Lifetime Achievement", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [172, 229]}, {"entity": "Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [240, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frost originally attempted to read his poem Dedication , which was written for the occasion , but was unable to read it due to the brightness of the sunlight , so he recited his poem The Gift Outright from memory instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frost", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Dedication", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "The Gift Outright", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [183, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His later novels included fix-ups such as The Beast ( also known as Moonbeast ) ( 1963 ) , Rogue Ship ( 1965 ) , Quest for the Future ( 1970 ) and Supermind ( 1977 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "The Beast", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Moonbeast", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Rogue Ship", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Quest for the Future", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [113, 133]}, {"entity": "Supermind", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powers ' first major novel was The Drawing of the Dark ( 1979 ) , but the novel that earned him wide praise was The Anubis Gates , which won the Philip K. Dick Award , and has since been published in many other languages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Powers", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "The Drawing of the Dark", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "The Anubis Gates", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "Philip K. Dick Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He founded Toffler Associates , a management consulting company , and was a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation , visiting professor at Cornell University , faculty member of the New School for Social Research , a White House correspondent , and a business consultant ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Toffler Associates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "Russell Sage Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 123]}, {"entity": "Cornell University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "New School for Social Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 221]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his best-known works are Moby-Dick ( 1851 ) , Typee ( 1846 ) , a romanticized account of his experiences in Polynesia , and Billy Budd , a posthumously published novella .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moby-Dick", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Typee", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Polynesia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "Billy Budd", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "novella", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [168, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poem was translated into a number of languages , including the Middle English Ywain and Gawain ; the Old Norwegian Chivaldric Ívens saga , and the Old Swedish Herr Ivan .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Middle English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Ywain and Gawain", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "Old Norwegian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Ívens saga", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "Old Swedish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "Herr Ivan", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the major surviving Ancient Rome poets of the classical period , only Catullus ( N ° 11 , 17 , 30 , 34 , 51 , 61 ) and Horace ( Odes ) wrote lyric poetry , which in the disputed view of some commentatorsS Lyons ' Music in the Odes of Horace ( 2010 ) provides evidence to the contrary. was no longer meant to be sung but instead read or recited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ancient Rome", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Catullus", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Horace", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Odes", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "lyric poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [147, 159]}, {"entity": "Lyons", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "Music in the Odes of Horace", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [219, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1929 , after he had been nominated by Anders Österling , member of the Swedish Academy , principally in recognition of his popular achievement with the epic Buddenbrooks ( 1901 ) , The Magic Mountain ( Der Zauberberg , 1924 ) and his numerous short stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mann", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "Anders Österling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "Swedish Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "Buddenbrooks", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [207, 219]}, {"entity": "The Magic Mountain", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [231, 249]}, {"entity": "Der Zauberberg", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [252, 266]}, {"entity": "short stories", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [293, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the Playboy interview subject in December 1965 , in a conversation conducted by Alvin Toffler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Playboy", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Alvin Toffler", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his book The Mask of Sanity , Cleckley refers to Finnegans Wake as a 628-page collection of erudite gibberish indistinguishable to most people from the familiar word salad produced by hebephrenic patients on the back wards of any state hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Mask of Sanity", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "Cleckley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "Finnegans Wake", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a writer , Orwell produced literary criticism and poetry , fiction and polemic al journalism ; and is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm ( 1945 ) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four ( 1949 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orwell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "literary criticism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "polemic", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Animal Farm", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "dystopian novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [189, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percy is known for his philosophical novels set in and around New Orleans ; the first , The Moviegoer , won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percy", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "philosophical novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "The Moviegoer", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "National Book Award for Fiction", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Reference Library , Astounding Science Fiction , March 1952 , pp.159 In his Books column for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction , Damon Knight selected the novel as one of the 10 best SF books of the 1950s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Astounding Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [97, 138]}, {"entity": "Damon Knight", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "SF", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [195, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existing repertoire of Scottish-themed plays included John Home ' s Douglas ( 1756 ) and Allan Ramsay ' s The Gentle Shepherd ( 1725 ) , with the last two being the most popular plays among amateur groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish-themed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "John Home", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Douglas", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Allan Ramsay", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "The Gentle Shepherd", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first two Sherlock Holmes stories , the novels A Study in Scarlet ( 1887 ) and The Sign of the Four ( 1890 ) , were moderately well received , but Holmes first became widely popular early in 1891 , when the first six short stories featuring the character were published in The Strand Magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sherlock Holmes stories", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [14, 37]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "A Study in Scarlet", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "The Sign of the Four", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "Holmes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "The Strand Magazine", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [277, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smith briefly moved among the circle that included Ambrose Bierce and Jack London , but his early fame soon faded away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Ambrose Bierce", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Jack London", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parodies of courtly poetry also exist , among them Der Weinschwelg .", "entity": [{"entity": "courtly poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Der Weinschwelg", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her most notable accomplishment was the translation of Roman Triptych ( Trittico romano ( Meditazioni ) by Pope John Paul II ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roman Triptych", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Trittico romano ( Meditazioni )", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [72, 103]}, {"entity": "Pope John Paul II", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [107, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other highlights were The Dosadi Experiment , The Godmakers , The White Plague and the books he wrote in partnership with Bill Ransom : The Jesus Incident , The Lazarus Effect , and The Ascension Factor which were sequels to Destination : Void .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Dosadi Experiment", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "The Godmakers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "The White Plague", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "Bill Ransom", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "The Jesus Incident", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [136, 154]}, {"entity": "The Lazarus Effect", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [157, 175]}, {"entity": "The Ascension Factor", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [182, 202]}, {"entity": "Destination : Void", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [225, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This , and other early work by Derleth , made him a well-known figure among the regional literary figures of his time : early Pulitzer Prize winners Hamlin Garland and Zona Gale , as well as Sinclair Lewis , the last both an admirer and critic of Derleth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derleth", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "Hamlin Garland", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "Zona Gale", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "Sinclair Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [191, 205]}, {"entity": "Derleth", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [247, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classicist Bernard Knox made direct reference to this topic when he delivered his 1992 Jefferson Lecture ( the U.S. federal government 's highest honor for achievement in the humanities ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernard Knox", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Jefferson Lecture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In The New York Review of Books Christopher Ricks wrote of the refinement of self-consciousness , usually flawless in its execution and Larkin 's summoning up of the world of all of us , the place where , in the end , we find our happiness , or not at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "The New York Review of Books", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [3, 31]}, {"entity": "Christopher Ricks", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "Larkin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His original works include the Saga of Seven Suns series and the Nebula Award -nominated Assemblers of Infinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saga of Seven Suns", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Assemblers of Infinity", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [89, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , under the guidance of L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter , the stories were edited , revised , and sometimes rewritten .", "entity": [{"entity": "L. Sprague de Camp", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "Lin Carter", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternate history has long been a staple of Japanese speculative fiction with such authors as Futaro Yamada and Ryō Hanmura writing novels set in recognizable historical settings with supernatural or science fiction elements present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alternate history", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Futaro Yamada", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Ryō Hanmura", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "supernatural", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [200, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Poland he is best known for his Trilogy of historical novels - With Fire and Sword , The Deluge , and Fire in the Steppe - set in the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ; internationally he is best known for Quo Vadis , set in Nero ' s Ancient Rome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Trilogy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "historical novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "With Fire and Sword", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "The Deluge", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Fire in the Steppe", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [105, 123]}, {"entity": "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 180]}, {"entity": "Quo Vadis", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [220, 229]}, {"entity": "Nero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [239, 243]}, {"entity": "Ancient Rome", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [248, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dick said he conceived The Man in the High Castle when reading Bring the Jubilee ( 1953 ) , by Ward Moore , which occurs mainly in an alternative 20th-century US wherein the Confederate States of America won the American Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "The Man in the High Castle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [23, 49]}, {"entity": "Bring the Jubilee", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "Ward Moore", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [159, 161]}, {"entity": "Confederate States of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 203]}, {"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [212, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is influenced by the tragedies of Sophocles and Seneca , and tells the story of princess Alvida of Norway , who is forcibly married off to the Goth king Torrismondo , when she is devoted to her childhood friend , king Germondo of Sweden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sophocles", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Seneca", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Alvida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Goth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "Torrismondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "Germondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 229]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [233, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the service of the Russian Empire , Clausewitz helped negotiate the Convention of Tauroggen ( 1812 ) , which prepared the way for the coalition of Prussia , Russia , and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that ultimately defeated Napoleon and his allies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Clausewitz", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Convention of Tauroggen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 94]}, {"entity": "coalition of Prussia , Russia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 166]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [177, 220]}, {"entity": "Napoleon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [246, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second volume ( The Black Cauldron ) was a runner-up for the 1966 Newbery Medal ; the fourth ( Taran Wanderer ) was a School Library Journal Best Book of the Year ; the fifth and concluding volume ( The High King ) won the 1969 Newbery .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Black Cauldron", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Newbery Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Taran Wanderer", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "School Library Journal", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [122, 144]}, {"entity": "Best Book of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "The High King", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "Newbery", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [232, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gentle Shepherd , first published in 1725 , was dedicated to her by Allan Ramsay and Hamilton of Bangour wrote flattering verse to Susanna , Lady Eglinton and her daughters .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Gentle Shepherd", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Allan Ramsay", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Hamilton of Bangour", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [89, 108]}, {"entity": "verse", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Susanna , Lady Eglinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Nietzsche and Philosophy , for example , Deleuze claims that Nietzsche 's On the Genealogy of Morality ( 1887 ) is an attempt to rewrite Kant 's Critique of Pure Reason ( 1781 ) , Nietzsche and Philosophy , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nietzsche and Philosophy", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [3, 27]}, {"entity": "Deleuze", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Nietzsche", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "On the Genealogy of Morality", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "Kant", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "Critique of Pure Reason", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [148, 171]}, {"entity": "Nietzsche and Philosophy", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [183, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilder earned the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story , The Lost Weekend ( 1945 ) , about alcoholism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [18, 49]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [54, 95]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Charles R. Jackson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [135, 153]}, {"entity": "The Lost Weekend", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "122 The Public Square illustrates this quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Public Square", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of his best known poems are about love , such as Funeral Blues ; on political and social themes , such as September 1 , 1939 and The Shield of Achilles ; on cultural and psychological themes , such as The Age of Anxiety ; and on religious themes such as For the Time Being and Horae Canonicae .", "entity": [{"entity": "love", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Funeral Blues", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "political and social themes", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "September 1 , 1939", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "The Shield of Achilles", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [134, 156]}, {"entity": "cultural and psychological themes", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [162, 195]}, {"entity": "The Age of Anxiety", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [206, 224]}, {"entity": "religious themes", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [234, 250]}, {"entity": "For the Time Being", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [259, 277]}, {"entity": "Horae Canonicae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [282, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a Barnard student , Elise Cowen extensively read the poetry of Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot , when she met Joyce Johnson and Leo Skir , among other Beat players .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barnard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "Elise Cowen", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Ezra Pound", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "T. S. Eliot", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Joyce Johnson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "Leo Skir", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Beat", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [149, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After some unsuccessful films , she had her critical breakthrough playing a vulgar waitress in Of Human Bondage ( 1934 ) , although , contentiously , she was not among the three nominees for the Academy Award for Best Actress that year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Of Human Bondage", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [195, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after his return to England , Dickens began work on the first of his Christmas stories , A Christmas Carol , written in 1843 , which was followed by The Chimes in 1844 and The Cricket on the Hearth in 1845 .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Dickens", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "A Christmas Carol", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "The Chimes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "The Cricket on the Hearth", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [177, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were later collected and published in book form as My Disillusionment in Russia ( 1923 ) and My Further Disillusionment in Russia ( 1924 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "My Disillusionment in Russia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [57, 85]}, {"entity": "My Further Disillusionment in Russia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [99, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His name had sometimes been mentioned as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature , but in 1971 , after losing to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , he wrote to a friend : That Nobel Prize ! I hope I never hear it mentioned again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [61, 86]}, {"entity": "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sir Walter Scott published Harold the Dauntless .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Scott", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Harold the Dauntless", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With William Butler Yeats and Edward Martyn , she co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre , and wrote numerous short works for both companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Butler Yeats", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [5, 25]}, {"entity": "Edward Martyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Irish Literary Theatre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "Abbey Theatre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his London Letter on 17 April 1944 for Partisan Review , Orwell wrote that it was now next door to impossible to get anything overtly anti-Russian printed .", "entity": [{"entity": "London Letter", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Partisan Review", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "Orwell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "anti-Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bernardo Bertolucci ( ; 16 March 1941 - 26 November 2018 ) was an Italian director and screenwriter , whose films include The Conformist , Last Tango in Paris , 1900 , The Last Emperor ( for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay ) , The Sheltering Sky , Little Buddha , Stealing Beauty and The Dreamers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernardo Bertolucci", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "The Conformist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "Last Tango in Paris", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "1900", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "The Last Emperor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [208, 239]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [248, 289]}, {"entity": "The Sheltering Sky", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [294, 312]}, {"entity": "Little Buddha", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 328]}, {"entity": "Stealing Beauty", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [331, 346]}, {"entity": "The Dreamers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [351, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polanski 's next film , An Officer and a Spy , centers on the notorious 19th century Dreyfus affair , The film stars Jean Dujardin as French officer Georges Picquart and follows his struggle from 1896-1906 to expose the truth about the doctored evidence that led to Alfred Dreyfus , one of the few Jewish members of the French Army 's general staff , being wrongly convicted of passing military secrets to the German Empire and sent to Devil 's Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polanski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "An Officer and a Spy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "Dreyfus affair", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Jean Dujardin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "Georges Picquart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 165]}, {"entity": "Alfred Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [266, 280]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [298, 304]}, {"entity": "French Army", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [320, 331]}, {"entity": "German Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [410, 423]}, {"entity": "Devil 's Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [436, 451]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She exhibited a marble statue of Maud Muller at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maud Muller", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "1876 Centennial Exposition", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Color Purple is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Color Purple", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "epistolary novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "Alice Walker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize for Fiction", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [95, 121]}, {"entity": "National Book Award for Fiction", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [130, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his visits to England in these years , Swift published A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books ( 1704 ) and began to gain a reputation as a writer .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Swift", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "A Tale of a Tub", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "The Battle of the Books", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [82, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Humorist Henry Morgan had a recurring role as a humor writer for The New Yorker , which was said to be based on real-life humorist / actor Robert Benchley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Robert Benchley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [139, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1905 H. G. Wells published A Modern Utopia .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. G. Wells", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "A Modern Utopia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marilynne Robinson , On Edgar Allan Poe , The New York Review of Books , vol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marilynne Robinson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Edgar Allan Poe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "The New York Review of Books", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [42, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his later writings , some believe that he proposed ideas such as purification of venial sin s after death in purgatory ( The Great Divorce and Letters to Malcolm ) and mortal sin ( The Screwtape Letters ) , which are generally considered to be Roman Catholic teachings , although they are also widely held in Anglicanism ( particularly in high church Anglo-Catholic circles ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "venial sin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "purgatory", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "The Great Divorce", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [124, 141]}, {"entity": "Letters to Malcolm", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [146, 164]}, {"entity": "mortal sin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 181]}, {"entity": "The Screwtape Letters", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [184, 205]}, {"entity": "Roman Catholic teachings", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 271]}, {"entity": "Anglicanism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [312, 323]}, {"entity": "high church Anglo-Catholic circles", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [342, 376]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1283 ) , was commemorated in the poem The Bards of Wales by the Kingdom of Hungary poet János Arany in 1857 , as a way of encoded resistance to the suppressive politics of his own time .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "The Bards of Wales", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "János Arany", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xuanxue was a philosophical school that combined elements of Confucianism and Taoism to reinterpret the I Ching , Tao Te Ching , and Zhuangzi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuanxue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Confucianism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Taoism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "I Ching", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Tao Te Ching", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "Zhuangzi", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unable to pay independently to return for the appeal and second trial , Hurston contacted journalist William Bradford Huie , with whom she had worked at The American Mercury , to try to interest him in the case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hurston", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "William Bradford Huie", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "The American Mercury", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [153, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other main course in Smith 's self-education was to read the complete Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica at least twice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [74, 114]}, {"entity": "Encyclopædia Britannica", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [122, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially , after the Roman appeared , other authors who refer to the story , for example , Azalais d 'Altier in her poem Tanz salutz e tantas amors and Guido delle Colonne in his Historia destructionis Troiae , continue to use names derived from that of Briseis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Azalais d 'Altier", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "Tanz salutz e tantas amors", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [122, 148]}, {"entity": "Guido delle Colonne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [153, 172]}, {"entity": "Historia destructionis Troiae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [180, 209]}, {"entity": "Briseis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [255, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , WordFire acquired the reprint rights to the works of Allen Drury , including his 1959 Pulitzer Prize -winning political novel Advise and Consent .", "entity": [{"entity": "WordFire", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Allen Drury", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "political novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "Advise and Consent", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [136, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternate history shades off into other fantasy subgenres when the use of actual , though altered , history and geography decreases , although a culture may still be clearly the original source ; Barry Hughart ' s Bridge of Birds and its sequels take place in a fantasy world , albeit one clearly based on China , and with allusions to actual Chinese history , such as the Empress Wu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alternate history", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Barry Hughart", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [196, 209]}, {"entity": "Bridge of Birds", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [214, 229]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [306, 311]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [343, 350]}, {"entity": "Empress Wu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [373, 383]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Media coverage of Lewis 's death was almost completely overshadowed by news of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on the same day ( approximately 55 minutes following Lewis 's collapse ) , as did the death of English writer Aldous Huxley , author of Brave New World .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [199, 204]}, {"entity": "Aldous Huxley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [256, 269]}, {"entity": "Brave New World", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [282, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He eventually returned to Christianity , having been influenced by arguments with his Oxford colleague and Christian friend J. R. R. Tolkien , whom he seems to have met for the first time on 11 May 1926 , and the book The Everlasting Man by G. K. Chesterton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christianity", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "J. R. R. Tolkien", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [124, 140]}, {"entity": "The Everlasting Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [218, 237]}, {"entity": "G. K. Chesterton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [241, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Landing in Boston , he devoted the rest of the month to a round of dinners with such notables as Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and his American publisher , James Thomas Fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Ralph Waldo Emerson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "James Thomas Fields", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [177, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She visited Hill Top at every opportunity , and her books written during this period ( such as The Tale of Ginger and Pickles , about the local shop in Near Sawrey and The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse , a wood mouse ) reflect her increasing participation in village life and her delight in country living.Taylor , ed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hill Top", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "The Tale of Ginger and Pickles", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [95, 125]}, {"entity": "Near Sawrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [168, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His associations were numerous , including Gustave Courbet , Honoré Daumier , Félicien Rops , Franz Liszt , Champfleury , Victor Hugo , Gustave Flaubert , and Balzac .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gustave Courbet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Honoré Daumier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Félicien Rops", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Franz Liszt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Champfleury", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "Victor Hugo", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Gustave Flaubert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "Balzac", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kingsley Amis set his novel , The Alteration ( 1976 ) , in the 20th century , but major events in the Reformation did not take place , and Protestantism is limited to the breakaway Republic of New England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingsley Amis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "The Alteration", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "the Reformation", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "Protestantism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "Republic of New England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adapted by Harry Behn from the autobiographical novel Plumes by Laurence Stallings , with titles by Joseph W. Farnham , the film is about an idle rich boy who joins the US Army ' s Rainbow Division and is sent to France to fight in World War I , becomes a friend of two working class men , experiences the horrors of trench warfare , and finds love with a French girl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Behn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "autobiographical novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "Plumes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Laurence Stallings", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "Joseph W. Farnham", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "US Army", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Rainbow Division", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [181, 197]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [213, 219]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [232, 243]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [356, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His film Night Train to Lisbon ( 2013 ) premiered out of competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Night Train to Lisbon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 30]}, {"entity": "63rd Berlin International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [76, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His most famous works were his longer and more moralistic Troy Book ( 1412-20 ) , a 30,000 line translation of the Latin prose narrative by Guido delle Colonne , Historia destructionis Troiae , the Siege of Thebes which was translated from a French prose redaction of the Roman de Thebes and the Fall of Princes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Troy Book", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Latin prose", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Guido delle Colonne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [140, 159]}, {"entity": "Historia destructionis Troiae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [162, 191]}, {"entity": "Siege of Thebes", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [198, 213]}, {"entity": "French prose", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [242, 254]}, {"entity": "Roman de Thebes", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "Fall of Princes", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [296, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nigerian Wole Soyinka was the first African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986 , and American Toni Morrison was the first black woman to win in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigerian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Wole Soyinka", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Toni Morrison", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His philosophy was expressed in many ways , but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné , which up to 1958 was situated in French Equatorial Africa , and after this in Gabon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Schweitzer Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "Lambaréné", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "French Equatorial Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 192]}, {"entity": "Gabon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [213, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certain works , though published legally by the State-controlled media , were practically impossible to find in bookshops and libraries , and found their way into samizdat : for example Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ' s novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was widely distributed via samizdat . November 1962 issue of the Novy Mir literary magazine", "entity": [{"entity": "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [186, 208]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [213, 218]}, {"entity": "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [219, 257]}, {"entity": "Novy Mir", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [323, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tradition of regularly assembling bards at an eisteddfod never lapsed , and was strengthened by formation of the Gorsedd by Iolo Morganwg in 1792 , establishing Wales as the major Celtic upholder of bardic tradition in the 21st century .", "entity": [{"entity": "eisteddfod", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Gorsedd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "Iolo Morganwg", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [128, 141]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1929 , Mann had a cottage built in the fishing village of Nidden , Memel Territory ( now Nida , Lithuania ) on the Curonian Spit , where there was a German art colony and where he spent the summers of 1930-1932 working on Joseph and His Brothers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mann", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Nidden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Memel Territory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Nida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "Lithuania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Curonian Spit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "Joseph and His Brothers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [225, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in late 1970 , Pauline Kael , in her negative The New Yorker review of the Maysles ' subsequent documentary Gimme Shelter , alleged that Salesman was set up and acted by its principals , rather than actually being direct cinema .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauline Kael", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "Maysles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Gimme Shelter", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Salesman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hunter S. Thompson wrote a scathing piece denouncing Nixon for Rolling Stone , entitled He Was a Crook ( which also appeared a month later in The Atlantic ) .ref name = atlantic In his article , Thompson described Nixon as a political monster straight out of Grendel and a very dangerous enemy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hunter S. Thompson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Rolling Stone", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "He Was a Crook", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "The Atlantic", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "Thompson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [195, 203]}, {"entity": "Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "Grendel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [259, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , in the 1970s , new arguments concerning Israel 's past and the biblical texts challenged these views ; these arguments can be found in Thomas L. Thompson ' s The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives ( 1974 ) , and John Van Seters ' Abraham in History and Tradition ( 1975 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Thomas L. Thompson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [141, 159]}, {"entity": "The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [164, 209]}, {"entity": "John Van Seters", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [225, 240]}, {"entity": "Abraham in History and Tradition", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [243, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philip Lamantia introduced him to other Surrealists and Surrealism continued to be an influence ( for example , sections of Kaddish were inspired by André Breton ' s Free Union ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Lamantia", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Surrealists", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Surrealism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Kaddish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "André Breton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "Free Union", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susan Cooper related that The power and range of Alan Garner 's astounding talent has grown with every book he 's written , whilst David Almond called him one of Britain 's greatest writers whose works really matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan Cooper", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Alan Garner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "David Almond", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have Space Suit - Will Travel is a science fiction novel for young readers by American writer Robert A. Heinlein , originally serialised in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction ( August , September , October 1958 ) and published by Scribner 's in hardcover in 1958 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Have Space Suit - Will Travel", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "science fiction novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Robert A. Heinlein", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [140, 181]}, {"entity": "Scribner", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prahlādacharita a Sanskrit work written by Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran , former Maharaja of Cochin is in Champu style .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prahlādacharita", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Sanskrit", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Rama Varma Parikshith Thampuran", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [43, 74]}, {"entity": "Cochin", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "Champu style", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1977 , he took various parts in the Joint Stock Theatre Company ' s production of Epsom Downs and in 1979 , he starred in Snoo Wilson ' s The Soul of the White Ant at the Soho Theatre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Stock Theatre Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 66]}, {"entity": "Epsom Downs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Snoo Wilson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "The Soul of the White Ant", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 166]}, {"entity": "Soho Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginsberg won a 1974 National Book Award for The Fall of America ( split with Adrienne Rich , Diving into the Wreck ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ginsberg", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "National Book Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "The Fall of America", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "Adrienne Rich", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "Diving into the Wreck", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [93, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1992 , he narrated Dr. Seuss Video Classics : Horton Hatches the Egg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dr. Seuss", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Horton Hatches the Egg", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Samanid Empire king , Mansur I ( 961-976 ) , ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari , originally in Arabic , into Persian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samanid Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Mansur I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Khorasan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Tafsir al-Tabari", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "Arabic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "Persian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Zabur-e-Ajam ( Persian Psalms ) , published in 1927 , includes the poems Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadeed ( Garden of New Secrets ) and Bandagi Nama ( Book of Slavery ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zabur-e-Ajam", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Persian Psalms", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadeed", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [77, 99]}, {"entity": "Garden of New Secrets", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "Bandagi Nama", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "Book of Slavery", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [145, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His books Difference and Repetition ( 1968 ) and The Logic of Sense ( 1969 ) led Michel Foucault to declare that one day , perhaps , this century will be called Deleuzian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Difference and Repetition", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [10, 35]}, {"entity": "The Logic of Sense", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Michel Foucault", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "Deleuzian", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paradoxically , one of his most famous works , a book called Safahat , was not widely read or published until recently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Safahat", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is partially a science-fictional pastiche of Moby-Dick by Herman Melville .", "entity": [{"entity": "science-fictional", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "Moby-Dick", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "Herman Melville", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well , several ( though not all ) of the stories that were compiled to make up the novels The Weapon Shops of Isher , The Mixed Men and The War Against the Rull were also published during this time .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "The Weapon Shops of Isher", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [93, 118]}, {"entity": "The Mixed Men", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "The War Against the Rull", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [139, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harry Segall won the Academy Awards for Best Story , while Sidney Buchman and Seton I. Miller won for Best Screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Segall", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards for Best Story", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 50]}, {"entity": "Sidney Buchman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Seton I. Miller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Best Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [102, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Akhundzade 's first published work was Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin ( 1837 ) , written to lament the death of the great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Akhundzade", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Eastern poem on the death of Pushkin", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [39, 75]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "Alexander Pushkin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Moore had this to say about the use of the Guy Fawkes motif adopted from his comic V for Vendetta , in an interview with Entertainment Weekly :", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Moore", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Guy Fawkes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "V for Vendetta", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Entertainment Weekly", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [126, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few of Hardy 's poems , such as The Blinded Bird , a melancholy polemic against the sport of , reflect his firm stance against animal cruelty , exhibited in his antivivisectionist views and his membership in The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hardy", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "The Blinded Bird", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , the Russian Nobel Prize in Literature -winning anti-Communist author of The Gulag Archipelago , argued that Soviet communism needed enslavement and forced labour to survive , and that this had been ... foreseen as far back as Thomas More , in his Utopia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 62]}, {"entity": "The Gulag Archipelago", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [97, 118]}, {"entity": "Soviet communism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 149]}, {"entity": "Thomas More", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [251, 262]}, {"entity": "Utopia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [272, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won three Pulitzer Prizes - for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey , and for the plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth - and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth Day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pulitzer Prizes", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [45, 71]}, {"entity": "Our Town", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "The Skin of Our Teeth", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [105, 126]}, {"entity": "U.S. National Book Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "The Eighth Day", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [174, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , Stoker was part of the literary staff of The Daily Telegraph in London , and he wrote other fiction , including the horror novels The Lady of the Shroud ( 1909 ) and The Lair of the White Worm ( 1911 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stoker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "The Daily Telegraph", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "horror novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "The Lady of the Shroud", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [151, 173]}, {"entity": "The Lair of the White Worm", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [187, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 22 December Gabriela Mistral , who took her pen name from Occitan poet Frédéric Mistral , won top prize for her Sonetos de la Muerte .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabriela Mistral", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Occitan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Frédéric Mistral", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Sonetos de la Muerte", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [115, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his death , some of his poems , notably Funeral Blues , Musée des Beaux Arts , Refugee Blues , The Unknown Citizen , and September 1 , 1939 , became known to a much wider public than during his lifetime through films , broadcasts , and popular media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Funeral Blues", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Musée des Beaux Arts", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "Refugee Blues", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "The Unknown Citizen", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [101, 120]}, {"entity": "September 1 , 1939", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [127, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the Light We Cannot See , a Pulitzer prize winning novel by Anthony Doerr , tells the story of Marie-Laure LeBlanc , a young girl who has gone completely blind due to cataract s at the age of 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "All the Light We Cannot See", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Anthony Doerr", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Marie-Laure LeBlanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "cataract", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April he chaired the South Side Writers Group , whose members included Arna Bontemps and Margaret Walker .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Side Writers Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 48]}, {"entity": "Arna Bontemps", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Margaret Walker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A final folktale , Wag by Wall , was published posthumously by The Horn Book Magazine in 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "folktale", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Wag by Wall", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "The Horn Book Magazine", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [63, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novels such as Kipps and The History of Mr Polly , which describe lower-middle-class life , led to the suggestion that he was a worthy successor to Charles Dickens , Vincent Brome , H. G. Wells : A Biography ( London , New York , and Toronto : Longmans , Green , 1951 ) , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Kipps", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "The History of Mr Polly", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "Charles Dickens", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [148, 163]}, {"entity": "Vincent Brome", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "H. G. Wells : A Biography", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [182, 207]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [210, 216]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [219, 227]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Longmans , Green", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this time , he made the short film I Am Joaquin based on the legendary poem by Rodolfo Corky Gonzáles ( it was later inducted into the National Film Registry in 2010 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Am Joaquin", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "Rodolfo Corky Gonzáles", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [86, 108]}, {"entity": "National Film Registry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of his early novels , called scientific romance s , invented several themes now classic in science fiction in such works as The Time Machine , The Island of Doctor Moreau , The Invisible Man , The War of the Worlds , The Sleeper Awakes , and The First Men in the Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "scientific romance", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "The Time Machine", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [129, 145]}, {"entity": "The Island of Doctor Moreau", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [148, 175]}, {"entity": "The Invisible Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [178, 195]}, {"entity": "The War of the Worlds", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [198, 219]}, {"entity": "The Sleeper Awakes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [222, 240]}, {"entity": "The First Men in the Moon", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [247, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Handke was awarded the International Ibsen Award in 2014 , it caused some calls On the other hand , Jon Fosse , former recipient of the prize , welcomed the decision , saying that Handke was a worthy recipient and deserved the Nobel Prize in Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Handke", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "International Ibsen Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [28, 53]}, {"entity": "Jon Fosse", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "Handke", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [185, 191]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [232, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mid-1970s , Pohl acquired and edited novels for Bantam Books , published as Frederik Pohl Selections ; these included Samuel R. Delany ' s Dhalgren and Joanna Russ ' s The Female Man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pohl", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Bantam Books", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Frederik Pohl", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Samuel R. Delany", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "Dhalgren", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "Joanna Russ", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "The Female Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two other early works were Anelida and Arcite and The House of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anelida and Arcite", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "The House of Fame", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Faulkner was awarded two Pulitzer Prize s for what are considered minor novels : his 1954 novel A Fable , which took the Pulitzer in 1955 , and the 1962 novel , The Reivers , which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Faulkner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "A Fable", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "The Reivers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has received five Robert Awards ( including Best Film and Best Director ) and three Bodil Awards for Best Danish Film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Best Film", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Bodil Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "Best Danish Film", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it finally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979 Cannes Film Festival , winning the Palme d 'Or along with The Tin Drum , directed by Volker Schlöndorff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 129]}, {"entity": "Palme d 'Or", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "The Tin Drum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "Volker Schlöndorff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He performed poetry at Liverpool 's Everyman Theatre ( 1983 ) with such poets as Roger McGough and Adrian Henri .", "entity": [{"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "Everyman Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Roger McGough", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Adrian Henri", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possibly , Stoker was not inspired by a real edifice at all , but by Jules Verne ' s novel The Carpathian Castle ( 1892 ) or Anne Radcliffe ' s The Mysteries of Udolpho ( 1794 ) .Elizabeth Miller , Dracula : Sense & Nonsense .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stoker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Jules Verne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "The Carpathian Castle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [91, 112]}, {"entity": "Anne Radcliffe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "The Mysteries of Udolpho", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [144, 168]}, {"entity": ".Elizabeth Miller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [178, 195]}, {"entity": "Dracula : Sense & Nonsense", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [198, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moving to London in 1945 , he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "High Magic 's Aid", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "Witchcraft Today", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [155, 171]}, {"entity": "The Meaning of Witchcraft", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [185, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the KGB had confiscated Solzhenitsyn 's materials in Moscow , during 1965-67 , the preparatory drafts of The Gulag Archipelago were turned into finished typescript in hiding at his friends ' homes in Estonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "KGB", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "The Gulag Archipelago", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "Estonia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [206, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Adam Bede to The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner , Eliot presented the cases of social outsiders and small-town persecution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam Bede", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "The Mill on the Floss", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "Silas Marner", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Eliot", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 1974 short story The Four-Hour Fugue was nominated for a Hugo Award , and Nebula Award nominations for his 1975 novel The Computer Connection ( titled The Indian Giver as a magazine serial and later reprinted as Extro ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "short story", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "The Four-Hour Fugue", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "The Computer Connection", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "The Indian Giver", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [155, 171]}, {"entity": "Extro", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While at Columbia , Ginsberg contributed to the Columbia Review literary journal , the Jester of Columbia humor magazine , won the Woodberry Poetry Prize , served as president of the Philolexian Society ( literary and debate group ) , and joined Boar 's Head Society ( poetry society ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "Ginsberg", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Columbia Review", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Jester of Columbia", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [87, 105]}, {"entity": "Woodberry Poetry Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [131, 153]}, {"entity": "Philolexian Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 202]}, {"entity": "Boar 's Head Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [246, 266]}, {"entity": "poetry society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [269, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuarón shared an Academy Awards nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with co-writer and brother Carlos Cuarón .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuarón", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [47, 89]}, {"entity": "Carlos Cuarón", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has directed film versions of his plays The Grey Zone and Eye of God ( for which he received an Independent Spirit Awards nomination for the Someone to Watch Award ) , as well as writing and directing two original screenplays : 1998 's Kansas and Leaves of Grass , which was released in 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Grey Zone", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Eye of God", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Independent Spirit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [99, 124]}, {"entity": "Someone to Watch Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [144, 166]}, {"entity": "1998 's Kansas", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [231, 245]}, {"entity": "Leaves of Grass", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [250, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the introduction of the talkies , Dwan directed child-star Shirley Temple in Heidi ( 1937 ) and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm ( 1938 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "talkies", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Dwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Shirley Temple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Heidi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rape of Nanking : The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937-1938 Nanking Massacre , the massacre and atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army after it captured Nanjing , then capital of China , during the Second Sino-Japanese War .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Rape of Nanking : The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 61]}, {"entity": "Iris Chang", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "1937-1938 Nanking Massacre", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [133, 159]}, {"entity": "Imperial Japanese Army", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [207, 229]}, {"entity": "Nanjing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [248, 255]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [274, 279]}, {"entity": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [293, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spears has earned numerous awards and accolades , including a Grammy Award ; seven Guinness World Records ; six MTV Video Music Awards , including the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award ; seven Billboard Music Awards , including the Millennium Award ; the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award ; the GLAAD Media Award ' s Vanguard Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spears", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Guinness World Records", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [83, 105]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [112, 134]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 187]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [196, 218]}, {"entity": "Millennium Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [235, 251]}, {"entity": "Radio Disney Icon Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [268, 291]}, {"entity": "GLAAD Media Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [298, 315]}, {"entity": "Vanguard Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [320, 334]}, {"entity": "Hollywood Walk of Fame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [353, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the parallel poem The Greene Knight , the lace is white , not green , and is considered the origin of the collar worn by the knights of the Bath , not the Order of the Garter .", "entity": [{"entity": "parallel poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "The Greene Knight", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "knights of the Bath", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 157]}, {"entity": "Order of the Garter", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The friendship between Graves and Sassoon is documented in Graves 's letters and biographies ; the story is fictionalised in Pat Barker ' s novel Regeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graves", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Sassoon", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Graves", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Pat Barker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Regeneration", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recognition of his work with electricity , Franklin received the Royal Society ' s Copley Medal in 1753 , and in 1756 , he became one of the few 18th-century Americans elected as a Fellow of the Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [184, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dragons of Eden , which won a Pulitzer Prize ; and Broca 's Brain : Reflections on the Romance of Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Dragons of Eden", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Broca 's Brain : Reflections on the Romance of Science", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [55, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 Algis Budrys listed Aldiss , J. G. Ballard , Roger Zelazny , and Samuel R. Delany as an earthshaking new kind of writers , and leaders of the New Wave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Algis Budrys", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "J. G. Ballard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "Roger Zelazny", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Samuel R. Delany", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "New Wave", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They published numerous criticisms in the 1950s and 1960s by Whittaker Chambers , Garry Wills , and M. Stanton Evans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whittaker Chambers", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "Garry Wills", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "M. Stanton Evans", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of his films - Andrei Rublev , Mirror , and Stalker - featured in Sight & Sound s 2012 poll of the 50 greatest films of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrei Rublev", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Mirror", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Stalker", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Sight & Sound", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "2012 poll of the 50 greatest films of all time", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [88, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early in his career , he published short stories and poetry and edited the literary magazine Oxford Poetry , before going on to publish travel writing , satire , and screenplays .", "entity": [{"entity": "short stories", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Oxford Poetry", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "satire", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The English Patient ( 1992 ) won the Booker Prize , the Canada Australia Prize , and the Governor General 's Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "The English Patient", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Booker Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Canada Australia Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "Governor General 's Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The character is brought back as a ghola in the Herbert / Anderson sequels which conclude the original series , Hunters of Dune ( 2006 ) and Sandworms of Dune ( 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ghola", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Herbert / Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "Hunters of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "Sandworms of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Patricia Wrede ' s Regency fantasies , Great Britain has a Royal Society of Wizards , and in Poul Anderson 's A Midsummer Tempest William Shakespeare is remembered as the Great Historian , with the novel itself taking place in the era of Oliver Cromwell and Charles I , with an alternate outcome for the English Civil War and an earlier Industrial Revolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patricia Wrede", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "Regency fantasies", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Great Britain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Wizards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "Poul Anderson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "A Midsummer Tempest", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [113, 132]}, {"entity": "William Shakespeare", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "Great Historian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [201, 206]}, {"entity": "Oliver Cromwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 256]}, {"entity": "Charles I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 270]}, {"entity": "English Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [307, 324]}, {"entity": "Industrial Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [340, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was followed the next year by The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin and The Tailor of Gloucester , which had also first been written as picture letters to the Moore children .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [33, 60]}, {"entity": "The Tailor of Gloucester", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [65, 89]}, {"entity": "Moore children", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The details of their narrative of the war were copied , for example , in the Laud Troy Book and Lydgate Troy Books and also in Raoul Lefevre ' s Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laud Troy Book", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Lydgate", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Troy Books", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Raoul Lefevre", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [145, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See Gubbinal and The Snow Man for other experiments in perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gubbinal", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "The Snow Man", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can see its echo in the works of such very different writers as Daniel Defoe , William Makepeace Thackeray , the Brontës , Samuel Taylor Coleridge , T. S. Eliot and even Dorothy L. Sayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Defoe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "William Makepeace Thackeray", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [82, 109]}, {"entity": "Brontës", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [126, 149]}, {"entity": "T. S. Eliot", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "Dorothy L. Sayers", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [173, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the American publication , James T. Farrell , writing in The New Republic , called it genuine , unexaggerated and intelligent , while Herbert Gorman wrote for the New York Times Book Review , He possesses a keen eye for character and a rough-and-ready ' styleless style ' that plunges along and makes the reader see what the author wants him to see .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "James T. Farrell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "The New Republic", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "Herbert Gorman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "New York Times Book Review", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [173, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1962 , two major anthologies of Borges 's writings were published in English by New York presses : Ficciones and Labyrinths .", "entity": [{"entity": "Borges", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "New York presses", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Ficciones", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Labyrinths", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chaplin received three Academy Awards : an Academy Honorary Award for versatility and genius in acting , writing , directing , and producing The Circus in 1929 ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaplin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Academy Honorary Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 65]}, {"entity": "The Circus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1550 , one year after Marguerite 's death , a tributary poem , Hecatodistichon , was published in England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marguerite", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "tributary poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "Hecatodistichon", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group ( jokingly designated The Collective ) included future Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan , a young psychology student named Nathan Blumenthal ( later Nathaniel Branden ) and his wife Barbara Branden and Barbara 's cousin Leonard Peikoff .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Collective", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Federal Reserve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Alan Greenspan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "psychology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Nathan Blumenthal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Nathaniel Branden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 184]}, {"entity": "Barbara Branden", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [200, 215]}, {"entity": "Barbara", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [220, 227]}, {"entity": "Leonard Peikoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [238, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ti-Grace Atkinson , the New York chapter president of the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) , described Solanas as the first outstanding champion of women 's rights", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti-Grace Atkinson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "National Organization for Women", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 89]}, {"entity": "NOW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "Solanas", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later , Wilder earned the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story , The Lost Weekend ( 1945 ) , the first major American film to make a serious examination of alcoholism , another difficult theme under the Production Code .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilder", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [36, 67]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [72, 113]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Charles R. Jackson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "The Lost Weekend", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [180, 196]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 232]}, {"entity": "Production Code", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [318, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He associated with a variety of figures in Britain 's intelligence community at the time , including Dennis Wheatley , Roald Dahl , Ian Fleming , and Maxwell Knight ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Dennis Wheatley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "Roald Dahl", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Ian Fleming", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "Maxwell Knight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1970s , Pohl re-emerged as a novel writer in his own right , with books such as Man Plus and the Heechee series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pohl", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Man Plus", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "Heechee", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the war , Geisel returned to writing children 's books , writing classics like If I Ran the Zoo ( 1950 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 1955 ) , If I Ran the Circus ( 1956 ) , The Cat in the Hat ( 1957 ) , How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( 1957 ) , and Green Eggs and Ham ( 1960 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geisel", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "classics", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "If I Ran the Zoo", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "Horton Hears a Who !", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [113, 133]}, {"entity": "If I Ran the Circus", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [145, 164]}, {"entity": "The Cat in the Hat", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [176, 194]}, {"entity": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas !", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [206, 238]}, {"entity": "Green Eggs and Ham", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [254, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its sequel , Nova Swing ( 2006 ) , won the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2007 Ansible newsletter", "entity": [{"entity": "Nova Swing", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Arthur C. Clarke Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 65]}, {"entity": "Ansible", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert B. Parker , The Godwulf Manuscript , Dell Books , 1987 , page 163 : I looked at them obliquely as I 'd learned to do a long time ago in Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert B. Parker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "The Godwulf Manuscript", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "Dell Books", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He considered himself to have inherited the visionary poetic mantle handed down from the English poet and artist William Blake , the American poet Walt Whitman and the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca .", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "William Blake", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "Walt Whitman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [147, 159]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Federico García Lorca", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [181, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1930 , an American film of the novel was made , directed by Lewis Milestone ; with a screenplay by Maxwell Anderson , George Abbott , Del Andrews , C. Gardner Sullivan ; and with uncredited work by Walter Anthony .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Lewis Milestone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "Maxwell Anderson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "George Abbott", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "Del Andrews", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "C. Gardner Sullivan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [151, 170]}, {"entity": "Walter Anthony", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [201, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early collections of English ballads were made by Samuel Pepys ( 1633-1703 ) and in the Roxburghe Ballads collected by Robert Harley , ( 1661 & ndash ; 1724 ) , which paralleled the work in Scotland by Walter Scott and Robert Burns .", "entity": [{"entity": "English ballads", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Samuel Pepys", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Roxburghe Ballads", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "Robert Harley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "Walter Scott", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "Robert Burns", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [219, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In her later years , she won her third Academy Award , this one for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , for her small performance in Murder on the Orient Express ( 1974 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 109]}, {"entity": "Murder on the Orient Express", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his 1981 book about the horror genre , Danse Macabre , Stephen King reviewed Ellison 's collection Strange Wine and considered it one of the best horror books published between 1950 and 1980 .", "entity": [{"entity": "horror genre", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Danse Macabre", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Stephen King", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Ellison", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Strange Wine", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "horror books", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milne was an early screenwriter for the nascent British film industry , writing four stories filmed in 1920 for the company Minerva Films ( founded in 1920 by the actor Leslie Howard and his friend and story editor Adrian Brunel ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "nascent", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Minerva Films", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "Leslie Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "Adrian Brunel", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [215, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owen 's experiences with religion also heavily influenced his poetry , notably in poems such as Anthem for Doomed Youth , in which the ceremony of a funeral is re-enacted not in a church , but on the battlefield itself , and At a Calvary near the Ancre , which comments on the Crucifixion of Christ .", "entity": [{"entity": "Owen", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [96, 119]}, {"entity": "At a Calvary near the Ancre", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [225, 252]}, {"entity": "Crucifixion of Christ", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [277, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of June 2018 , Amnesty International and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States have reported that Ortega has engaged in a violent oppression campaign against protesters in response to anti-Ortega protests since April 2018 , while government officials and government-owned media have denied such actions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "Inter-American Commission on Human Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 89]}, {"entity": "Organization of American States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 128]}, {"entity": "Ortega", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "anti-Ortega protests", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [234, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hein was a close associate of Martin Gardner and his work was frequently featured in Gardner 's Mathematical Games column in Scientific American . The game of Hex ( July 1957 ) , the Soma cube ( Sep 1958 ) , the game of Tangloids ( Dec 1959 ) and The Superellipse ( Sep 1965 ) At the age of 95 Gardner wrote his autobiography and titled it Undiluted Hocus-Pocus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hein", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Martin Gardner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Gardner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Mathematical Games column", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "Hex", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "Soma cube", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [183, 192]}, {"entity": "Tangloids", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 229]}, {"entity": "Superellipse", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [251, 263]}, {"entity": "Gardner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [294, 301]}, {"entity": "Undiluted Hocus-Pocus", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [340, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Commonwealth of England period he was a colleague and friend of John Milton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Commonwealth of England", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 34]}, {"entity": "John Milton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his most celebrated tales are The Call of Cthulhu , The Rats in the Walls , At the Mountains of Madness , The Shadow over Innsmouth , and The Shadow Out of Time .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Call of Cthulhu", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "The Rats in the Walls", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "At the Mountains of Madness", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [82, 109]}, {"entity": "The Shadow over Innsmouth", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [112, 137]}, {"entity": "The Shadow Out of Time", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [144, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues ; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Singapore , Indonesia and Malaysia , The Malay Archipelago , was both popular and highly regarded .", "entity": [{"entity": "scientific and social issues", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [48, 76]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "The Malay Archipelago", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [190, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recommended Reading , The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction , February 1952 , p.105 P. Schuyler Miller , noting that the novel 's climactic situations seem to be telegraphed , suggested that Heinlein presented his background situations so effectively that readers solve the story 's mysteries more quickly than Heinlein allowed his characters to .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [22, 63]}, {"entity": "P. Schuyler Miller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Heinlein", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [195, 203]}, {"entity": "Heinlein", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [315, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Live-action film adaptations have been made of three of The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch , and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Prince Caspian ( 2008 ) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader ( 2010 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Chronicles of Narnia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [56, 80]}, {"entity": "The Lion", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "the Witch", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "the Wardrobe", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "Prince Caspian", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "The Voyage of the Dawn Treader", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [162, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although German language writers such as Hilde Domin , Luise Rinser and Nelly Sachs had published notable works on women 's issues in the post-war period it was only in the 1970s that a feminist movement emerged in West Germany .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "Hilde Domin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Luise Rinser", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Nelly Sachs", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "West Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [215, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lunar Paraphrase can be read as such a response , despite its mention of religious figures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lunar Paraphrase", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William wrote the Arthurian epic Gesta Regum Britanniae , in Latin hexameters , which he completed just after 1236 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Arthurian epic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Gesta Regum Britanniae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [33, 55]}, {"entity": "Latin hexameters", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first professional critic to comment on Howard 's work was Hoffman Reynolds Hays , reviewing the Arkham House collection Skull-Face and Others in The New York Times Book Review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Hoffman Reynolds Hays", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 84]}, {"entity": "Arkham House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Skull-Face and Others", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [125, 146]}, {"entity": "The New York Times Book Review", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [150, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She subsequently received critical acclaim for her performances in films such as Silkwood ( 1983 ) , Mask ( 1985 ) , The Witches of Eastwick ( 1987 ) , and Moonstruck ( 1987 ) , with the latter having earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silkwood", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "Mask", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "The Witches of Eastwick", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 140]}, {"entity": "Moonstruck", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [216, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slaughterhouse-Five received generally positive reviews , with Michael Crichton writing in The New Republic , he writes about the most excruciatingly painful things .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slaughterhouse-Five", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Michael Crichton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "The New Republic", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued his Dune saga , following it with Dune Messiah , Children of Dune , and God Emperor of Dune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dune saga", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "Dune Messiah", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Children of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "God Emperor of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TV interview 1982 Hedwig Gorski and Robert Creeley discuss Beats in the context of performance poetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hedwig Gorski", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Robert Creeley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Beats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy ( 1952-1959 ) , the Cosmicomics collection of short stories ( 1965 ) , and the novels Invisible Cities ( 1972 ) and If on a winter 's night a traveler ( 1979 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Our Ancestors", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Cosmicomics", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "Invisible Cities", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "If on a winter 's night a traveler", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [171, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barry Lyndon is a 1975 period drama film written , directed and produced by Stanley Kubrick , based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Lyndon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Stanley Kubrick", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "The Luck of Barry Lyndon", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [118, 142]}, {"entity": "William Makepeace Thackeray", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [146, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Swahili and Indonesian culture , many of his stories are being told under the name of Abunuwasi or Abunawas , though this confuses Nasreddin with an entirely different man - the poet Abu Nuwas , known for homoerotic verse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swahili", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Abunuwasi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "Abunawas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "Nasreddin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Abu Nuwas", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [190, 199]}, {"entity": "homoerotic verse", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [212, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , he was a member of the jury at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "48th Berlin International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990 steampunk novel The Difference Engine by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling , Ada Lovelace delivers a lecture on the punched cards programme that proves two theorems , the discovery that , in reality , would not be made until 1931 by Kurt Gödel .", "entity": [{"entity": "steampunk novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "The Difference Engine", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "William Gibson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Bruce Sterling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Ada Lovelace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "Kurt Gödel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He directed Mac ( 1992 ) , which won the Golden Camera Award at the Cannes Film Festival , Illuminata ( 1998 ) , and Romance and Cigarettes ( 2005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mac", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Golden Camera Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "Illuminata", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Romance and Cigarettes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boethius and Consolatio Philosophiae are cited frequently by the main character Ignatius J. Reilly in the Pulitzer Prize -winning A Confederacy of Dunces ( 1980 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boethius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Consolatio Philosophiae", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [13, 36]}, {"entity": "Ignatius J. Reilly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "A Confederacy of Dunces", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [130, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Birmingham ' s Axis of Time trilogy deals with the culture shock when a United Nations naval task force from 2021 finds itself back in 1942 helping the Allies against the Empire of Japan and the Germans ( and doing almost as much harm as good in spite of its advanced weapons ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Birmingham", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Axis of Time", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "United Nations naval task force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 108]}, {"entity": "Empire of Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [176, 191]}, {"entity": "Germans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [200, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( See The Snow Man and Gubbinal for some references .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Snow Man", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "Gubbinal", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official and historian who authored the monumental history book Zizhi Tongjian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Song dynasty", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "monumental history", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "Zizhi Tongjian", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andy Warhol was commissioned in 1984 by collector and gallerist Alexander Iolas to produce work based on Leonardo da Vinci ' s The Last Supper for an exhibition at the old refectory of the Palazzo delle Stelline in Milan , opposite from the Santa Maria delle Grazie where Leonardo da Vinci 's mural can be seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Warhol", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Alexander Iolas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Leonardo da Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "The Last Supper", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "Palazzo delle Stelline", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [189, 211]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "Santa Maria delle Grazie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 265]}, {"entity": "Leonardo da Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [272, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his life , Cocteau was commander of the Legion of Honor , Member of the Mallarmé Academy , German Academy ( Berlin ) , American Academy , Mark Twain ( U.S.A ) Academy , Honorary President of the Cannes Film Festival , Honorary President of the France-Hungary Association and President of the Jazz Academy and of the Academy of the Disc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocteau", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Legion of Honor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "Mallarmé Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "German Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "American Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 142]}, {"entity": "Mark Twain ( U.S.A ) Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 173]}, {"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [202, 222]}, {"entity": "France-Hungary Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [251, 277]}, {"entity": "Jazz Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [299, 311]}, {"entity": "Academy of the Disc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [323, 342]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After making a series of westerns and comedies , Dwan directed fellow Canadian-American Mary Pickford in several very successful movies as well as her husband , Douglas Fairbanks , notably in the acclaimed 1922 Robin Hood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Canadian-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Mary Pickford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Douglas Fairbanks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 178]}, {"entity": "Robin Hood", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Years later , Lead Me On would be chosen as the greatest Contemporary Christian album of all time by CCM Magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lead Me On", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "CCM Magazine", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the DVD commentary for the 1969 movie , Guthrie stated that the events presented in the song all actually happened ( others , such as the arresting officer , William Obanhein , disputed some of the song 's details , Saul Braun , Alice & Ray & Yesterday 's Flowers , in Playboy ' s Music Scene , Chicago , IL , 1972 , pp. 122-125 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DVD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "Guthrie", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "William Obanhein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 177]}, {"entity": "Saul Braun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 229]}, {"entity": "Alice & Ray & Yesterday 's Flowers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [232, 266]}, {"entity": "Playboy", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [272, 279]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [298, 305]}, {"entity": "IL", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [308, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shot in January , it premièred at the Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seljuk Sultanate of Rum , where he produced his works Coleman Barks , Rumi : The Book of Love : Poems of Ecstasy and Longing , HarperCollins , 2005 , p. xxv , For example , Professor Franklin Lewis of the University of Chicago , author of the most complete biography on Rumi , has separate sections for the hagiographical biography of Rumi and the actual biography about him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seljuk", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Sultanate of Rum", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Coleman Barks", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Rumi : The Book of Love : Poems of Ecstasy and Longing", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [70, 124]}, {"entity": "HarperCollins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Franklin Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 226]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [257, 266]}, {"entity": "Rumi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [270, 274]}, {"entity": "hagiographical biography", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [307, 331]}, {"entity": "Rumi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [335, 339]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [355, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Henry Littlefield 's 1964 article , L. Frank Baum ' s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , may be readily understood as a plot-driven fantasy narrative in an extended fable with talking animals and broadly sketched characters , intended to discuss the politics of the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Littlefield", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "L. Frank Baum", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [67, 93]}, {"entity": "fantasy narrative", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [139, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a key figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution , best known for his laws of planetary motion , and his books Astronomia nova , Harmonices Mundi , and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae .", "entity": [{"entity": "17th-century scientific revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 60]}, {"entity": "laws of planetary motion", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [82, 106]}, {"entity": "Astronomia nova", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "Harmonices Mundi", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [164, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Oscar Wilde , Henry James , and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth , loose writing , and a vein of sentimentalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar Wilde", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Henry James", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Virginia Woolf", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remment Koolhaas , usually abbreviated to Rem Koolhaas , was born on 17 November 1944 in Rotterdam , Netherlands , to Anton Koolhaas ( 1912-1992 ) and Selinde Pietertje Roosenburg ( born 1920 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Remment Koolhaas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Rem Koolhaas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Rotterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Anton Koolhaas", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "Selinde Pietertje Roosenburg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This heartbreak was reflected in her early poetry and earned Mistral her first recognized literary work in 1914 with Sonetos de la Muerte .", "entity": [{"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Mistral", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Sonetos de la Muerte", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [117, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview , Sapkowski mentioned that his favorite writers included Ernest Hemingway , Mikhail Bulgakov , Raymond Chandler and Umberto Eco , and stated I love their style , but I know I can never match them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sapkowski", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "Ernest Hemingway", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Bulgakov", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "Raymond Chandler", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Umberto Eco", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received good notices and was nominated for the National Book Award in March 1962 , though Walker Percy ' s The Moviegoer won .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Book Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Walker Percy", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "The Moviegoer", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , McEntire starred as Nellie Forbush in the Carnegie Hall concert production of the Broadway musical South Pacific with Alec Baldwin as Luther Billis and Brian Stokes Mitchell as Emile de Becque , directed by Walter Bobbie and with an adapted script by David Ives .", "entity": [{"entity": "McEntire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Nellie Forbush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall concert", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "South Pacific", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "Alec Baldwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Luther Billis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "Brian Stokes Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "Emile de Becque", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "Walter Bobbie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 230]}, {"entity": "David Ives", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [261, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1987 , the British Academy of Film and Television Arts awarded the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film to The Sacrifice .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Academy of Film and Television Arts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 57]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 112]}, {"entity": "The Sacrifice", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another well-known version of the play is Jedermann by the Austrian playwright Hugo von Hofmannsthal , which has been performed annually at the Salzburg Festival since 1920 , .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jedermann", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Austrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Hugo von Hofmannsthal", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [79, 100]}, {"entity": "Salzburg Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few Saint stories crossed into science fiction and fantasy , The Man Who Liked Ants and the early novel The Last Hero being examples ; one Saint short story , The Darker Drink , was even published in the October 1952 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint stories", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "The Man Who Liked Ants", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "The Last Hero", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "short story", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "The Darker Drink", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [161, 177]}, {"entity": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [228, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 17 , 2010 , Smith won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "National Book Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "Just Kids", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writing for The Spectator , Graham Greene expressed similar views , acerbically noting of the film that it goes on too long , otherwise it might have been the funniest film since The Crusades .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Spectator", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Graham Greene", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "The Crusades", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his work , he received numerous accolades , including six Primetime Emmy Award s , a Tony Award , a Mark Twain Prize and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Mark Twain Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "Hollywood Walk of Fame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the Vietnam War , he has also been through the Iran hostage crisis and the Gulf War , plus a number of missions in the Soviet Union , and claims to have had Abu Nidal ' s head in my gunsights , but never got the green light allowing him to kill the man ( Clear and Present Danger ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Iran hostage crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "Gulf War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Abu Nidal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "Clear and Present Danger", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [270, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nurturing an image of her own country as a haven of social peace and prosperity , she threatened to boycott the 1955 Venice Film Festival if the American juvenile delinquent film Blackboard Jungle was shown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venice Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "Blackboard Jungle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Le Guin refused a Nebula Award for Best Novelette for her story The Diary of the Rose in 1977 , in protest at the Science Fiction Writers of America ' s revocation of Stanisław Lem ' s membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Le Guin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award for Best Novelette", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [18, 49]}, {"entity": "The Diary of the Rose", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "Science Fiction Writers of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 148]}, {"entity": "Stanisław Lem", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [167, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes a Great Notion inspired a 1970 film starring and directed by Paul Newman ; it was nominated for two Academy Awards , and in 1972 was the first film shown by the new television network HBO ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Sometimes a Great Notion", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Paul Newman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [194, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 2012 Pride of Britain Awards shown on ITV on 30 October , Fry , along with Michael Caine , Elton John , Richard Branson and Simon Cowell , recited Rudyard Kipling ' s poem If - in tribute to the 2012 British Olympic and Paralympic athletes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pride of Britain Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [12, 35]}, {"entity": "ITV", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "Fry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "Michael Caine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Richard Branson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "Simon Cowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "Rudyard Kipling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "If -", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "2012 British Olympic and Paralympic athletes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [202, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solzhenitsyn criticized the 2003 invasion of Iraq and accused the United States of the occupation of Kosovo , Afghanistan and Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "2003 invasion of Iraq", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Kosovo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilson has been part of the international conservation movement , as a consultant to Columbia University 's Earth Institute , as a director of the American Museum of Natural History , Conservation International , The Nature Conservancy and the World Wildlife Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "conservation movement", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "Earth Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "American Museum of Natural History", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 181]}, {"entity": "Conservation International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 210]}, {"entity": "The Nature Conservancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 235]}, {"entity": "World Wildlife Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Anatole Litvak , unhappy with the script submitted by Frank Partos and Millen Brand for The Snake Pit ( 1948 ) , hired Laurents to rewrite it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatole Litvak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Frank Partos", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Millen Brand", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "The Snake Pit", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Laurents", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writing for The Spectator in 1936 , Graham Greene gave the film a tepid review , describing it on the one hand as his favorite of the films he reviewed that week , but describing it as a fine spirited mix-up and making pointed note of the magnificently wrong characterization of bad King James .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Spectator", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Graham Greene", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "King James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [283, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novels The Book of Ptath and The Weapon Makers both appeared in magazines in serial form during this era ; they were later published in book form after World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "The Book of Ptath", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "The Weapon Makers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Romanticism began in Portugal with the publication of the poem Camões ( 1825 ) , by Almeida Garrett , who was raised by his uncle D. Alexandre , bishop of Angra , in the precepts of Neoclassicism , which can be observed in his early work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romanticism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Camões", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "Almeida Garrett", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "D. Alexandre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "bishop of Angra", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "Neoclassicism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [182, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is about feuding gangsters in the Prohibition era , inspired by Dashiell Hammett ' s novels Red Harvest ( 1929 ) and The Glass Key ( serialized in 1930 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prohibition era", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Dashiell Hammett", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Red Harvest", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "The Glass Key", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A different account in Virgil ' s Aeneid ( 3.163f ) has Aeneas in a dream learn from his ancestral Penates that Dardanus and Father Iasius and the Penates themselves originally came from Hesperia , afterwards renamed as Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virgil", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Aeneid", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Aeneas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Penates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Dardanus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Father Iasius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Penates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "Hesperia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 195]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [220, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barry Lyndon won four Oscars at the 48th Academy Awards : Academy Award for Best Original Score , Academy Award for Best Costume Design , Academy Award for Best Production Design and Academy Award for Best Cinematography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Lyndon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Oscars", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "48th Academy Awards", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [58, 95]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Costume Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [98, 135]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Production Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [138, 178]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Cinematography", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [183, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequel The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle ( 1922 ) won Lofting the prestigious Newbery Medal .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [11, 41]}, {"entity": "Lofting", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Newbery Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The episode depicts the attempted assassination of Warhol by Valerie Solanas ( Lena Dunham ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warhol", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Valerie Solanas", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "Lena Dunham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was greatly admired by such notable writers and critics of mystery and detective fiction as Ellery Queen ( Frederic Dannay ) , Anthony Boucher , Vincent Starrett and Howard Haycraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery and detective fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [70, 99]}, {"entity": "Ellery Queen", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Frederic Dannay", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "Anthony Boucher", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "Vincent Starrett", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [156, 172]}, {"entity": "Howard Haycraft", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [177, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his 100th , 200th , and 300th books ( based on his personal count ) , Asimov published Opus 100 ( 1969 ) , Opus 200 ( 1979 ) , and Opus 300 ( 1984 ) , celebrating his writing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asimov", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "Opus 100", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "Opus 200", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Opus 300", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using donations and sales of their magazine , Skeptical Inquirer , they and secular humanist philosopher Paul Kurtz took seats on the executive board , with Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan joining as founding members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skeptical Inquirer", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "Paul Kurtz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Isaac Asimov", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [157, 169]}, {"entity": "Carl Sagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gygax wrote the supplements Greyhawk , Eldritch Wizardry , and Swords & Spells for the original D & D game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gygax", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Greyhawk", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Eldritch Wizardry", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Swords & Spells", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "D & D game", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat , written in the preface of Narmakosh , listed with a sense of pride all the cultural symbols that go into constituting the Gujarati identity .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "Narmakosh", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Gujarati", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first story to attract major attention was A Rose for Ecclesiastes , published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction , with cover art by Hannes Bok .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Rose for Ecclesiastes", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [47, 70]}, {"entity": "The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [86, 127]}, {"entity": "Hannes Bok", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capp also freelanced very successfully as a magazine writer and newspaper columnist , in a wide variety of publications including Life , Show , Pageant , The Atlantic , Esquire , Coronet , and The Saturday Evening Post .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capp", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Life", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "Show", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "Pageant", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "The Atlantic", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [154, 166]}, {"entity": "Esquire", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Coronet", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "The Saturday Evening Post", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [193, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fuller Dome is referenced in the Hugo Award -winning novel Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner , in which a geodesic dome is said to cover the entire island of Manhattan , and it floats on air due to the hot-air balloon effect of the large air-mass under the dome ( and perhaps its construction of lightweight materials ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fuller Dome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "Stand on Zanzibar", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "John Brunner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A documentary was also made for BBC Radio 4 entitled The Story of O : The Vice Francaise , presented by Rowan Pelling , former editor of the Erotic Review , which looked at the history of the book and its author Anne Desclos .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC Radio 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "The Story of O : The Vice Francaise", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 88]}, {"entity": "Rowan Pelling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Erotic Review", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [141, 154]}, {"entity": "Anne Desclos", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [212, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote that Kubrick has taken a quick-witted story and controlled it so meticulously that he 's drained the blood out of it , adding , It 's a coffee-table movie ; we might as well be at a three-hour slide show for art-history majors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauline Kael", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Kubrick", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dwan helped launch the career of two other successful Hollywood directors , Victor Fleming , who went on to direct The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind , and Marshall Neilan , who became an actor , director , writer and producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Victor Fleming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "The Wizard of Oz", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "Gone With the Wind", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [136, 154]}, {"entity": "Marshall Neilan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [161, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verne 's largest body of work is the Voyages extraordinaires series , which includes all of his novels except for the two rejected manuscripts Paris in the Twentieth Century and Backwards to Britain ( published posthumously in 1994 and 1989 , respectively ) and for projects left unfinished at his death ( many of which would be posthumously adapted or rewritten for publication by his son Michel ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Voyages extraordinaires", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [37, 60]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "Paris in the Twentieth Century", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [143, 173]}, {"entity": "Backwards to Britain", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "Michel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [390, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaiman 's 2009 Newbery Medal winning book The Graveyard Book will be made into a movie , with Ron Howard as the director .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaiman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Newbery Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "The Graveyard Book", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "Ron Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 , Berkoff directed an interpretation of Salome by Oscar Wilde , performed in slow motion , at the Gate Theatre , Dublin ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Berkoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Salome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Oscar Wilde", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Gate Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Professor and the Woggle-Bug try to dissuade the girls from war , the Woggle-Bug saying that it is better to be a Maud Muller than a Carrie Nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woggle-Bug", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Woggle-Bug", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Maud Muller", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "Carrie Nation", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They continued to work in sf and fantasy , and their works include two frequently anthologized sf classics : Mimsy Were the Borogoves ( February 1943 ) , the basis for the film The Last Mimzy ( 2007 ) , and Vintage Season ( September 1946 ) , the basis for the film Timescape ( 1992 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sf", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "sf", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "Mimsy Were the Borogoves", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [109, 133]}, {"entity": "The Last Mimzy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "Vintage Season", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [207, 221]}, {"entity": "Timescape", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [266, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December of the same year , allegations by Arkansas state troopers Larry Patterson and Roger Perry were first reported by David Brock in The American Spectator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arkansas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Larry Patterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Roger Perry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "David Brock", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "The American Spectator", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [140, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1947 , Miller 's play All My Sons , the writing of which had commenced in 1941 , was a success on Broadway ( earning him his first Tony Award , Tony Award for Best Author ) and his reputation as a playwright was established .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "All My Sons", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Author", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [147, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released in hardback by Angus and Robertson in 1895 , and features the poet 's widely anthologised poems The Man from Snowy River , Clancy of the Overflow , Saltbush Bill and The Man from Ironbark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angus and Robertson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "The Man from Snowy River", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [112, 136]}, {"entity": "Clancy of the Overflow", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "Saltbush Bill", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [164, 177]}, {"entity": "The Man from Ironbark", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [182, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is based on the novel Schindler 's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally .", "entity": [{"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Schindler 's Ark", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Thomas Keneally", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These styles included the historical fiction of Memories of the Ford Administration ( 1992 ) , the magical realism of Brazil ( 1994 ) , the science fiction of Toward the End of Time ( 1997 ) , the postmodernism of Gertrude and Claudius ( 2000 ) , and the experimental fiction of Seek My Face ( 2002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "historical fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "Memories of the Ford Administration", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [48, 83]}, {"entity": "magical realism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "Toward the End of Time", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [159, 181]}, {"entity": "postmodernism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [197, 210]}, {"entity": "Gertrude and Claudius", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [214, 235]}, {"entity": "experimental fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [255, 275]}, {"entity": "Seek My Face", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [279, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ginsberg 's first year at Columbia he met fellow undergraduate Lucien Carr , who introduced him to a number of future Beat writers , including Jack Kerouac , William S. Burroughs , and John Clellon Holmes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ginsberg", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Lucien Carr", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "Beat", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Jack Kerouac", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "William S. Burroughs", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [161, 181]}, {"entity": "John Clellon Holmes", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [188, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Friedman never visited Estonia , his book Free to Choose exercised a great influence on that nation 's then 32-year-old prime minister , Mart Laar , who has claimed that it was the only book on economics he had read before taking office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "Estonia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Free to Choose", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Mart Laar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St. Columba 's School one of the most prominent English-Medium schools in India run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers is also named after the saint .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Columba 's School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Congregation of Christian Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among lyric poets , the most important figures are Anne Bradstreet , who wrote personal poems about her family and homelife ; pastor Edward Taylor , whose best poems , the Preparatory Meditations , were written to help him prepare for leading worship ; and Michael Wigglesworth , whose best-selling poem , The Day of Doom ( 1660 ) , describes the time of judgment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anne Bradstreet", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "Edward Taylor", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Preparatory Meditations", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [172, 195]}, {"entity": "Michael Wigglesworth", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [257, 277]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [299, 303]}, {"entity": "The Day of Doom", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [306, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "197 , Oxford University Press , 1969 and gave lectures on Human Potentialities both at the UCSF Medical Center and at the Esalen Institute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford University Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 29]}, {"entity": "Human Potentialities", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [58, 78]}, {"entity": "UCSF Medical Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "Esalen Institute", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Science fiction set in what was the future but is now the past , like Arthur C. Clarke ' s 2001 : A Space Odyssey or George Orwell ' s Nineteen Eighty-Four , is not alternate history because the author did not make the choice to change the past at the time of writing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Arthur C. Clarke", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "2001 : A Space Odyssey", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "George Orwell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [135, 155]}, {"entity": "alternate history", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [165, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During China ' s Warring States period , the Songs of Chu collected by Qu Yuan and Song Yu defined a new form of poetry that came from the exotic Yangtze Valley , far from the Wei and Yellow River homeland of the traditional four-character verses collected in the Classic of Poetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Warring States period", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "Songs of Chu", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Qu Yuan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Song Yu", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "Yangtze Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Wei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "Yellow River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "verses", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [240, 246]}, {"entity": "Classic of Poetry", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [264, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frances Yates in her 1966 study The Art of Memory argues that a brief passage of the Confessions , 10.8.12 , in which Augustine writes of walking up a flight of stairs and entering the vast fields of memory technique for organizing large amounts of information .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frances Yates", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "The Art of Memory", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "Confessions", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Augustine", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daniel 11 : A future king of Persia will make war on the king of Greece , a mighty king will arise and wield power until his empire is broken up and given to others , and finally the king of the south ( identified in verse 8 as Egypt ) will go to war with the king of the north .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel 11", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [228, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penelope Gilliatt of The New Yorker was negative , writing , This pompously prophetic thing of a film hasn 't a brain in its beanbag .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penelope Gilliatt", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His poem , Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat ( 1873 ) , is used as a de facto state song for Gujarat .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [11, 33]}, {"entity": "Gujarat", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only three Middle English texts have survived in more copies : Piers Plowman , The Canterbury Tales and the Prick of Conscience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Piers Plowman", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "The Canterbury Tales", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "Prick of Conscience", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [108, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1980s , Rumsfeld became a member of the National Academy of Public Administration , and was named a member of the boards of trustees of the Gerald R. Ford Foundation , the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships , the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and the National Park Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Public Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 92]}, {"entity": "Gerald R. Ford Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 176]}, {"entity": "Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 214]}, {"entity": "Hoover Institution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 239]}, {"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [243, 262]}, {"entity": "National Park Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [271, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naguib Mahfouz ( 1911 & ndash ; 2006 ) was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naguib Mahfouz", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Egyptian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize for Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chaucer 's sources for the legends include : Virgil ' s Aeneid , Vincent of Beauvais , Guido delle Colonne ' s Historia destructionis Troiae , Gaius Julius Hyginus ' Fabulae and Ovid ' s Metamorphoses and Heroides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaucer", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Virgil", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Aeneid", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Vincent of Beauvais", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "Guido delle Colonne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "Historia destructionis Troiae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [111, 140]}, {"entity": "Gaius Julius Hyginus", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [143, 163]}, {"entity": "Fabulae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Ovid", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "Metamorphoses", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [187, 200]}, {"entity": "Heroides", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [205, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was commissioned by Walt Disney in 1945 to write a script based on Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland and the biography of the story 's author , Lewis Carroll .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walt Disney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [70, 103]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Lewis Carroll", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [147, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Plutarch ' s Life of Theseus , the ship Theseus used on his return from Crete to Classical Athens was kept in the Athenian harbour as a memorial for several centuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plutarch", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Life of Theseus", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Theseus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "Crete", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Classical Athens", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Athenian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern readers are more often introduced to Orwell as a novelist , particularly through his enormously successful titles Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orwell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Animal Farm", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [137, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship provided the text for many lied er , among others by Beethoven , for example Sehnsucht : Gedicht von Goethe viermal in Musik gesetzt von L. van Beethoven , four settings of Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt , WoO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Meister 's Apprenticeship", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Sehnsucht : Gedicht von Goethe", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [111, 141]}, {"entity": "L. van Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 187]}, {"entity": "Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [207, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rushdie wrote a non-fiction book about Nicaragua in 1987 called The Jaguar Smile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rushdie", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Nicaragua", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "The Jaguar Smile", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thorpe began competition in 2002 at the Australian Championships in Brisbane in March , which were used to select the team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thorpe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Brisbane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [131, 154]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [177, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Al Capp Admits One Morals Count ; Pays $ 500 Fine ; The Capital Times , February 12 , 1972 In a December 1992 article for The New Yorker , Seymour Hersh reported that President Richard Nixon and Charles Colson had repeatedly discussed the Capp case in Oval Office recordings that had recently been made available by the National Archives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Capp", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "The Capital Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "Seymour Hersh", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 190]}, {"entity": "Charles Colson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 209]}, {"entity": "Capp", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [239, 243]}, {"entity": "Oval Office", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [252, 263]}, {"entity": "the National Archives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [316, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poem was inspired by The Rodiad ( 1871 ) , falsely ascribed to George Colman the Younger ,", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "The Rodiad", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "George Colman the Younger", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [67, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was born in the Château of Sarcenat , Orcines commune , some 4 km north-west of Clermont-Ferrand , Auvergne , French Third Republic , on 1 May 1881 , as the fourth of eleven children of librarian Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin ( 1844-1932 ) and of Berthe-Adèle , née de Dompierre d 'Hornoys of Picardy , a great-grandniece of Voltaire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Teilhard de Chardin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Château of Sarcenat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "Orcines commune", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Clermont-Ferrand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "Auvergne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "French Third Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [137, 158]}, {"entity": "Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 251]}, {"entity": "Berthe-Adèle , née de Dompierre d 'Hornoys of Picardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [273, 326]}, {"entity": "Voltaire", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [351, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This included The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins in 1938 , as well as The King 's Stilts and The Seven Lady Godivas in 1939 , all of which were in prose , atypically for him .", "entity": [{"entity": "The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [14, 49]}, {"entity": "The King 's Stilts", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "The Seven Lady Godivas", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [94, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also edited works by Juvenal ( 1905 ) and Lucan ( 1926 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juvenal", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Lucan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phrase , from Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College , is possibly one of the most misconstrued phrases in English literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [18, 59]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , Joe Haldeman ' s 1974 anti-war , Hugo Award - and Nebula Award -winning science fiction novel The Forever War is popularly thought to be a direct reply to Starship Troopers , and though Haldeman has stated that it is actually a result of his personal experiences in the Vietnam War , he has admitted to being influenced by Starship Troopers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Haldeman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "science fiction novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "The Forever War", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Starship Troopers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [168, 185]}, {"entity": "Haldeman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [199, 207]}, {"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [283, 294]}, {"entity": "Starship Troopers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [336, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , Cuarón released his first feature film produced in the United States , A Little Princess , an adaptation of Frances Hodgson Burnett ' s classic novel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuarón", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "A Little Princess", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "Frances Hodgson Burnett", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "classic novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began acting on-screen in the early 1980s , with his mainstream breakthrough coming with Lee 's Do the Right Thing ( 1989 ) and the Coens ' Miller 's Crossing ( 1990 ) and Barton Fink ( 1991 ) , for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "Do the Right Thing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "Coens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Miller 's Crossing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [143, 161]}, {"entity": "Barton Fink", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [219, 260]}, {"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [274, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book and its sequel , The Road Back ( 1930 ) , were among the books banned and burned in Nazi Germany .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Road Back", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Nazi Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Too old to enlist when the First World War broke out , he served in France as a member of the British Red Cross ' s so-called Literary Ambulance Drivers , a group of some 24 well-known writers , including the Americans John Dos Passos , E. E. Cummings , and Ernest Hemingway .", "entity": [{"entity": "First World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "British Red Cross", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "Literary Ambulance Drivers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 152]}, {"entity": "John Dos Passos", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [219, 234]}, {"entity": "E. E. Cummings", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [237, 251]}, {"entity": "Ernest Hemingway", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [258, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rashomon , which premiered in Tokyo , became the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the 1951 Venice Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rashomon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Golden Lion", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Venice Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sterling is one of the founders of the cyberpunk movement in science fiction , along with William Gibson , Rudy Rucker , John Shirley , Lewis Shiner , and Pat Cadigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sterling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "William Gibson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Rudy Rucker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "John Shirley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "Lewis Shiner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "Pat Cadigan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [155, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversial wars in Afghanistan and South Africa undermined his public support .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No Country for Old Men , released in November 2007 , closely follows No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "No Country for Old Men", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "No Country for Old Men", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "Cormac McCarthy", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [95, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tallulah premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 23 , 2016 and was released on Netflix on July 29 , 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallulah", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "2016 Sundance Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 53]}, {"entity": "Netflix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the prophets urged the people of Kingdom of Judah and Israel to see their exile as punishment for failing to uphold their covenant with God , it was not long after they had been restored to the land and to Temple worship that the people 's commitment to their God began , once again , to wane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingdom of Judah", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title is taken from his poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [33, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wrote that The Matarese Circle was inspired by rumors about the Trilateral Commission , and it was published only a few years after the commission was founded .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Matarese Circle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [14, 33]}, {"entity": "Trilateral Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were honored with the rank of a marquis 35 times since Gaozu of the Han dynasty , and they were promoted to the rank of duke 42 times from the Tang dynasty to the Qing dynasty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaozu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Han dynasty", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Tang dynasty", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Qing dynasty", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuarón 's next feature was also a literary adaptation , a modernized version of Charles Dickens ' s Great Expectations starring Ethan Hawke , Gwyneth Paltrow and Robert De Niro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuarón", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Charles Dickens", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Great Expectations", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [100, 118]}, {"entity": "Ethan Hawke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Gwyneth Paltrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 157]}, {"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its glory rests chiefly on three works ... ' A song of sorrow inside the royal harem ' ... by Nguyễn Gia Thiều , ' Calling all souls ' ... by Nguyễn Du , and ' Chinh phụ ngâm ' ... by Phan Huy Ích .", "entity": [{"entity": "A song of sorrow inside the royal harem", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [45, 84]}, {"entity": "Nguyễn Gia Thiều", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Calling all souls", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "Nguyễn Du", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "Chinh phụ ngâm", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [160, 174]}, {"entity": "Phan Huy Ích", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [184, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contest over the authenticity of Macpherson 's pseudo-Gaelic productions , Curley asserts , became a seismograph of the fragile unity within restive diversity of British Empire Kingdom of Great Britain in the age of Samuel Johnson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macpherson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "pseudo-Gaelic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Curley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "British Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 205]}, {"entity": "Samuel Johnson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [220, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Jack Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence ( 1983 ) , Jareth the Goblin King in Labyrinth ( 1986 ) , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige ( 2006 ) , among other film and television appearances and cameos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major Jack Celliers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "Jareth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "Goblin King", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Labyrinth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Pontius Pilate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 172]}, {"entity": "The Last Temptation of Christ", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [176, 205]}, {"entity": "Nikola Tesla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 233]}, {"entity": "The Prestige", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [237, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "247 Many lyricists worked on the show , including James Agee , Dorothy Parker , John Latouche , Richard Wilbur , Leonard and Felicia Bernstein , and Hellman .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Agee", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Dorothy Parker", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "John Latouche", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Richard Wilbur", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Leonard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "Felicia Bernstein", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 142]}, {"entity": "Hellman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1993 , Thornton married Playboy model Pietra Dawn Cherniak , with whom he had two sons , Harry James and William .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thornton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Playboy", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Pietra Dawn Cherniak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 61]}, {"entity": "Harry James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "William", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His works have been short listed for the Booker Prize five times , in 1981 for Midnight 's Children , 1983 for Shame , 1988 for The Satanic Verses , 1995 for The Moor 's Last Sigh , 2019 for Quichotte .", "entity": [{"entity": "Booker Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Midnight 's Children", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "Shame", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "The Satanic Verses", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "The Moor 's Last Sigh", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [158, 179]}, {"entity": "Quichotte", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baudelaire 's highly original style of prose-poetry influenced a whole generation of poets including Paul Verlaine , Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé , among many others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baudelaire", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "prose-poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Paul Verlaine", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "Arthur Rimbaud", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Stéphane Mallarmé", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [136, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of allegory in popular culture that may or may not have been intended include the works of Bertolt Brecht , and even some works of science fiction and fantasy , such as The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertolt Brecht", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [160, 167]}, {"entity": "The Chronicles of Narnia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [178, 202]}, {"entity": "C. S. Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [206, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuban-American writer Daína Chaviano paid homage to Anaïs Nin and Henry Miller in her novel Gata encerrada ( 2001 ) , where both characters are portraited as disembodied spirits whose previous lives they shared with Melisa , the main character - and presumably Chaviano 's alter ego -- , a young Cuban obsessed with Anaïs Nin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuban-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Daína Chaviano", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Anaïs Nin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Henry Miller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Gata encerrada", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Melisa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 222]}, {"entity": "Chaviano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 269]}, {"entity": "Cuban", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [296, 301]}, {"entity": "Anaïs Nin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [316, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tarkovsky studied film at Moscow 's State Institute of Cinematography under filmmaker Mikhail Romm , and subsequently directed his first five feature film s in the Soviet Union : Ivan 's Childhood ( 1962 ) , Andrei Rublev ( 1966 ) , Solaris ( 1972 ) , Mirror ( 1975 ) , and Stalker ( 1979 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tarkovsky", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "State Institute of Cinematography", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 69]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Romm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "Ivan 's Childhood", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 196]}, {"entity": "Andrei Rublev", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [208, 221]}, {"entity": "Solaris", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [233, 240]}, {"entity": "Mirror", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [252, 258]}, {"entity": "Stalker", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [274, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of her work , including the collections of erotica Delta of Venus and Little Birds , was published posthumously amid renewed critical interest in her life and work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta of Venus", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "Little Birds", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angel is skeptical about the efficacy of astrology , and believes that the unfolding existential situation of Tim and Kirsten is akin to Friedrich Schiller ' s Germany Romanticism era masterpiece , the Wallenstein trilogy ( insofar as their credulity reflects the loss of rational belief in contemporary consensual reality ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angel", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "astrology", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Kirsten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "Friedrich Schiller", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [137, 155]}, {"entity": "Germany Romanticism", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [160, 179]}, {"entity": "Wallenstein trilogy", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [202, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Love subsequently attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen in the face at a party ; the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum. and were subsequently nominated for three Grammy Award s at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Love", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Belissa Cohen", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [221, 233]}, {"entity": "41st Annual Grammy Awards ceremony", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [243, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film earned Tarkovsky international acclaim and won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival in the year 1962 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tarkovsky", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Golden Lion award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "Venice Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [85, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 3 , 1968 , radical feminist writer Valerie Solanas shot Warhol and Mario Amaya , art critic and curator , at Warhol 's studio. a separatist feminist tract that advocated the elimination of men ; and appeared in the 1968 Warhol film I , a Man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valerie Solanas", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Warhol", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Mario Amaya", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "Warhol", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Warhol", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [228, 234]}, {"entity": "I , a Man", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [240, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a lifetime member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars , the American Legion , and Sigma Chi fraternity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Veterans of Foreign Wars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 61]}, {"entity": "American Legion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Sigma Chi fraternity", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adapted by Altman and Sam Shepard for The Cannon Group from the latter 's Pulitzer Prize -nominated play , Fool for Love ( 1985 ) featured the playwright-actor alongside Kim Basinger , Harry Dean Stanton and Randy Quaid ; it fared better than most of his films from the era , earning $ 900,000 domestically on a $ 2 million budget and positive reviews from Roger Ebert and Vincent Canby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Altman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Sam Shepard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "The Cannon Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Fool for Love", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Kim Basinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "Harry Dean Stanton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "Randy Quaid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [357, 368]}, {"entity": "Vincent Canby", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [373, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See also The Snow Man and Gubbinal for related experiments in perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Snow Man", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Gubbinal", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His most famous poem is De bello Troiano ( On the Trojan War ) in six books , most of which was written before 1183 , but which was finished after 1184 .", "entity": [{"entity": "De bello Troiano", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "On the Trojan War", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two decades later , Herbert 's son Brian Herbert , along with Kevin J. Anderson , published two sequel s - Hunters of Dune ( 2006 ) and Sandworms of Dune ( 2007 ) - based in part on notes left behind by Frank Herbert for what he referred to as Dune 7 , his own planned seventh novel in the Dune series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Brian Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Kevin J. Anderson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "Hunters of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Sandworms of Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "Frank Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "Dune 7", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [244, 250]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [277, 282]}, {"entity": "Dune series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [290, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being educated by the French humanist and poet , Nicholas Denisot , Anne Seymour with her sisters Margaret and Jane composed 103 Latin distich s for the tomb of Marguerite de Navarre , which were published in France as Hecatodistichon .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Denisot", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Anne Seymour", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Margaret", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "Jane", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "Latin distich", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Marguerite de Navarre", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [161, 182]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [209, 215]}, {"entity": "Hecatodistichon", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [219, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She memorized entire books , including The Shipwreck , The Lady of the Lake , Lalla-Rookh , The Bride of Abydos , and The Corsair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shipwreck", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Lady of the Lake", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "Lalla-Rookh", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "The Bride of Abydos", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [92, 111]}, {"entity": "The Corsair", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poem 's major source is Guido delle Colonne ' s Historia destructionis Troiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Guido delle Colonne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "Historia destructionis Troiae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [52, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pahlavic poetic debate Drakht-i Asurig indicates the history of this form of debate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drakht-i Asurig", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She wrote seven novels , Adam Bede ( 1859 ) , The Mill on the Floss ( 1860 ) , Silas Marner ( 1861 ) , Romola ( 1862-63 ) , Felix Holt , the Radical ( 1866 ) , Middlemarch ( 1871-72 ) and Daniel Deronda ( 1876 ) , most of which are set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Adam Bede", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "The Mill on the Floss", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "Silas Marner", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Romola", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Felix Holt , the Radical", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [124, 148]}, {"entity": "Middlemarch", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "Daniel Deronda", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [188, 202]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [250, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received honorary doctorates and a number of professional honours , such the Royal Society ' s Royal Medal and Darwin Medal in 1868 and 1890 respectively , Above all , his role as the co-discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography marked him out as an exceptional figure .", "entity": [{"entity": "honorary doctorates", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Darwin Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "zoogeography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [238, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Holmes falls in love and marries in Laurie R. King ' s Mary Russell series , is re-animated after his death to fight future crime in the animated series Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century , and is meshed with the setting of H. P. Lovecraft ' s Cthulhu Mythos in Neil Gaiman ' s A Study in Emerald ( which won the 2004 Hugo Award for Best Short Story ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Laurie R. King", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Mary Russell series", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 202]}, {"entity": "H. P. Lovecraft", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [239, 254]}, {"entity": "Cthulhu Mythos", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [259, 273]}, {"entity": "Neil Gaiman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [277, 288]}, {"entity": "A Study in Emerald", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [293, 311]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award for Best Short Story", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [333, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps his most famous poem is The Negro Speaks of Rivers , which he wrote as a young teen .", "entity": [{"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [32, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pauline Kael , who wrote a lengthy freelance essay in The New Yorker in praise of the film , was hired as the magazine 's new staff-critic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauline Kael", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "The New Yorker", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 1968 novel Stand on Zanzibar , about an overpopulated world , won the 1969 Hugo Award for best science fiction novel , and the BSFA award the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "Stand on Zanzibar", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "science fiction novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [99, 120]}, {"entity": "BSFA award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Williams attracted the attention and admiration of some of the most notable writers of his day , including T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden , his greatest admirer was probably C. S. Lewis , whose novel That Hideous Strength ( 1945 ) has been regarded as partially inspired by his acquaintance with both the man and his novels and poems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Williams", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "T. S. Eliot", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "W. H. Auden", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "C. S. Lewis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [180, 191]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "That Hideous Strength", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [206, 227]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [323, 329]}, {"entity": "poems", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [334, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival where it won the festival 's Mimmo Rotella Foundation Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venice Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "Mimmo Rotella Foundation Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [76, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gathering widespread critical acclaim at the Toronto and New York Film Festival film festivals , the film also became a favorite when Academy Awards nominations were announced in 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto and New York Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 79]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Fire Upon the Deep won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1993 , sharing it with Doomsday Book by Connie Willis .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Fire Upon the Deep", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award for Best Novel", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 54]}, {"entity": "Doomsday Book", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Connie Willis", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [98, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dune was parodied in 1984 's National Lampoon 's Doon by Ellis Weiner , which William F. Touponce called something of a tribute to Herbert 's success on college campuses , noting that the only other book to have been so honored is J. R. R. Tolkien ' s Lord of the Rings , which Bored of the Rings by The Harvard Lampoon in 1969 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dune", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "National Lampoon 's Doon", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [29, 53]}, {"entity": "Ellis Weiner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "William F. Touponce", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "Herbert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "J. R. R. Tolkien", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [231, 247]}, {"entity": "Lord of the Rings", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [252, 269]}, {"entity": "Bored of the Rings", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [278, 296]}, {"entity": "The Harvard Lampoon", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [300, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edwards delivered the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God , a classic of early American literature , during another revival in 1741 , following George Whitefield ' s tour of the Thirteen Colonies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edwards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "sermon", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [29, 65]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "George Whitefield", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [152, 169]}, {"entity": "Thirteen Colonies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some historians such as John Julius Norwich , despite their admiration for his furthering of historical methodology , consider Gibbon 's hostile views on the Byzantine Empire flawed and blame him somewhat for the lack of interest shown in the subject throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. John Julius Norwich , Byzantium ( New York : Knopf , 1989 ) ; Byzantium : the apogee ( London and New York : Viking Press , 1991 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Julius Norwich", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Gibbon", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Byzantine Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 174]}, {"entity": "John Julius Norwich", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [297, 316]}, {"entity": "Byzantium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [319, 328]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [331, 339]}, {"entity": "Byzantium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [359, 368]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [384, 390]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [395, 403]}, {"entity": "Viking Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [406, 418]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Mythos was not formalized or acknowledged between them , Lovecraft did correspond and share story elements with other contemporary writers including Clark Ashton Smith , Robert E. Howard , Robert Bloch , Frank Belknap Long , Henry Kuttner , Henry S. Whitehead , and Fritz Leiber", "entity": [{"entity": "Mythos", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Lovecraft", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "Clark Ashton Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "Robert E. Howard", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [183, 199]}, {"entity": "Robert Bloch", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "Frank Belknap Long", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [217, 235]}, {"entity": "Henry Kuttner", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [238, 251]}, {"entity": "Henry S. Whitehead", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [254, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maria died of cancer on 15 September 1821 , leaving five daughters , Maria , Elizabeth , Charlotte , Emily Brontë and Anne Brontë , and a son , Branwell Brontë , to be taken care of by her sister , Elizabeth Branwell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Maria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Charlotte", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "Emily Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Anne Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "Branwell Brontë", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Branwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for his circus drama The Greatest Show on Earth ( 1952 ) , which won both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 72]}, {"entity": "The Greatest Show on Earth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 120]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 181]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [190, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Celebrated Puerto Rican novelists who write in English and Spanish include Giannina Braschi , author of the Spanglish classic Yo-Yo Boing ! and Rosario Ferré , best known for Eccentric Neighborhoods Puerto Rico has also produced important playwrights such as René Marqués , Luis Rafael Sánchez , and José Rivera and New York based poets such as Julia de Burgos , Giannina Braschi and Pedro Pietri , as well as various members of the Nuyorican Poets Café .", "entity": [{"entity": "Puerto Rican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Giannina Braschi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Spanglish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "Yo-Yo Boing !", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "Rosario Ferré", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "Eccentric Neighborhoods", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [175, 198]}, {"entity": "Puerto Rico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 210]}, {"entity": "René Marqués", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [259, 271]}, {"entity": "Luis Rafael Sánchez", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [274, 293]}, {"entity": "José Rivera", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [300, 311]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [316, 324]}, {"entity": "Julia de Burgos", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [345, 360]}, {"entity": "Giannina Braschi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [363, 379]}, {"entity": "Pedro Pietri", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [384, 396]}, {"entity": "Nuyorican Poets Café", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [433, 453]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is best known for his works of fiction , especially The Screwtape Letters , The Chronicles of Narnia , and The Space Trilogy , and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics , such as Mere Christianity , Miracles , and The Problem of Pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "The Screwtape Letters", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "The Chronicles of Narnia", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [79, 103]}, {"entity": "The Space Trilogy", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "non-fiction Christian apologetics", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [142, 175]}, {"entity": "Mere Christianity", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [186, 203]}, {"entity": "Miracles", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [206, 214]}, {"entity": "The Problem of Pain", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [221, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His fictional work , Redburn ( 1849 ) , and his non-fiction White-Jacket ( 1850 ) were given better reviews but did not provide financial security .", "entity": [{"entity": "fictional work", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Redburn", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "White-Jacket", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adaptations of the novel include François Truffaut ' s 1966 film adaptation and a 1982 BBC Radio dramatization.Nov 13 1982 Fahrenheit 451 , BBC Radio 4 Bradbury published a stage play version in 1979 and helped develop a 1984 interactive fiction computer game titled Fahrenheit 451 , as well as a collection of his short stories titled A Pleasure to Burn .", "entity": [{"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "François Truffaut", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "BBC Radio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Fahrenheit 451", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "BBC Radio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "Bradbury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "interactive fiction", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [226, 245]}, {"entity": "Fahrenheit 451", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [267, 281]}, {"entity": "short stories", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [315, 328]}, {"entity": "A Pleasure to Burn", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [336, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scholars S.T. Joshi and David E. Schultz are preparing various volumes of Smith 's letters to such of his individual correspondents as Donald Wandrei , Robert H. Barlow , and August Derleth .", "entity": [{"entity": "S.T. Joshi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "David E. Schultz", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Donald Wandrei", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Robert H. Barlow", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [152, 168]}, {"entity": "August Derleth", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was joint winner of the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1967 ( with Flowers for Algernon ) { { cite web", "entity": [{"entity": "Nebula Award for Best Novel", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [27, 54]}, {"entity": "Flowers for Algernon", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [70, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "; few writers focus on this idea , although it has been explored in stories such as Larry Niven ' s story All the Myriad Ways , where the reality of all possible universes leads to an epidemic of suicide and crime because people conclude their choices have no moral import .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry Niven", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "All the Myriad Ways", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [106, 125]}, {"entity": "epidemic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philip Roth ' s novel , The Plot Against America ( 2004 ) , looks at an America where Franklin D. Roosevelt is defeated in 1940 in his bid for a third term as President of the United States , and Charles Lindbergh is elected , leading to a US that features increasing fascism and anti-Semitism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Roth", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "The Plot Against America", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [24, 48]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [176, 189]}, {"entity": "Charles Lindbergh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 213]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [240, 242]}, {"entity": "fascism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [268, 275]}, {"entity": "anti-Semitism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [280, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gustave Flaubert , recently attacked in a similar fashion for Madame Bovary ( and acquitted ) , was impressed and wrote to Baudelaire : You have found a way to rejuvenate Romanticism ... You are as unyielding as marble , and as penetrating as an English mist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gustave Flaubert", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Madame Bovary", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Baudelaire", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "Romanticism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 182]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [246, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most celebrated work of Ramapurathu Warrier is Kuchelavritham Vanchippattu , which depicts the story of Kuchela , a devotee and an old classmate of Krishna , going to Dwaraka to meet with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramapurathu Warrier", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "Kuchelavritham Vanchippattu", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [51, 78]}, {"entity": "Kuchela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Krishna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "Dwaraka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first published novels were social satires , Crome Yellow ( 1921 ) , Antic Hay ( 1923 ) , Those Barren Leaves ( 1925 ) , and Point Counter Point ( 1928 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "social satires", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Crome Yellow", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Antic Hay", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Those Barren Leaves", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "Point Counter Point", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [129, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her novels have inspired many films , from 1940 's Pride and Prejudice to more recent productions like Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , Emma ( 1996 ) , Mansfield Park ( 1999 ) , Pride & Prejudice ( 2005 ) , Love & Friendship ( 2016 ) , and .", "entity": [{"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Pride and Prejudice", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Sense and Sensibility", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [103, 124]}, {"entity": "Emma", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Mansfield Park", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "Pride & Prejudice", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [178, 195]}, {"entity": "Love & Friendship", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [207, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vernor Steffen Vinge ( He has won the Hugo Award for his novels and novellas A Fire Upon the Deep ( 1992 ) , A Deepness in the Sky ( 1999 ) , Rainbows End ( 2006 ) , Fast Times at Fairmont High ( 2002 ) , and The Cookie Monster ( 2004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vernor Steffen Vinge", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Hugo Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "novellas", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "A Fire Upon the Deep", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "A Deepness in the Sky", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "Rainbows End", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "Fast Times at Fairmont High", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [166, 193]}, {"entity": "The Cookie Monster", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [209, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This period also saw alternate history works by S. M. Stirling , Kim Stanley Robinson , Harry Harrison , Howard Waldrop , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "alternate history", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "S. M. Stirling", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "Kim Stanley Robinson", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [65, 85]}, {"entity": "Harry Harrison", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Howard Waldrop", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marlowe also wrote the poem Hero and Leander ( published in 1598 , with a continuation by George Chapman the same year ) , the popular lyric The Passionate Shepherd to His Love , translations of Ovid ' s Amores and the first book of Lucan ' s Pharsalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marlowe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "poem", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Hero and Leander", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "George Chapman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [141, 176]}, {"entity": "Ovid", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [195, 199]}, {"entity": "Amores", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [204, 210]}, {"entity": "Lucan", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [233, 238]}, {"entity": "Pharsalia", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [243, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like The Black Diamonds , it uses a medieval , Arabian Nights -like setting , and the Arabian Nights , like the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm and the works of Edgar Allan Poe , are known to have strongly influenced Smith 's early writing , as did William Beckford ' s Vathek .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Black Diamonds", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [5, 23]}, {"entity": "Arabian Nights", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "Arabian Nights", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "fairy tales", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "the Brothers Grimm", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [127, 145]}, {"entity": "Edgar Allan Poe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "William Beckford", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [251, 267]}, {"entity": "Vathek", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [272, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "91 In the same year The Saturday Evening Post paid $ 3,500 to serialise Something Fresh , the first of what became a series of novels set at Blandings Castle . Wodehouse and Ratcliffe , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Saturday Evening Post", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [20, 45]}, {"entity": "Something Fresh", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Blandings Castle", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "Wodehouse", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "Ratcliffe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It recounts the tale of a man who is considered a madman due to his perceptions of a different 1845 , a reality in which long-dead famous people , such as the poets Robert Burns , Lord Byron , Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats , the actor Edmund Kean , the British politician George Canning , and even Napoleon Bonaparte , are still alive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Burns", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "Lord Byron", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [193, 213]}, {"entity": "John Keats", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [218, 228]}, {"entity": "Edmund Kean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 252]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [259, 266]}, {"entity": "George Canning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [278, 292]}, {"entity": "Napoleon Bonaparte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [304, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , in 1963 , J. M. G. Le Clézio , winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature , published the novel Le Proces-Verbal .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. M. G. Le Clézio", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [61, 86]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "Le Proces-Verbal", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [109, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aung San Suu Kyi ( ; born 19 June 1945 ) is a Myanmar politician , diplomat , author , and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Myanmar", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [98, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 , after an ideological disagreement with Peikoff , philosopher David Kelley founded the Institute for Objectivist Studies , now known as The Atlas Society ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Peikoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "David Kelley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Objectivist Studies", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "The Atlas Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Christie had long been a fan of detective novels , having enjoyed Wilkie Collins ' s The Woman in White and The Moonstone , as well as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ' s early Sherlock Holmes stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christie", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "detective novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "Wilkie Collins", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "The Woman in White", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [85, 103]}, {"entity": "The Moonstone", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "Sir Arthur Conan Doyle", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [135, 157]}, {"entity": "early Sherlock Holmes stories", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [162, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Knighthood ( i.e. the title of ' Sir ' ) was conferred on him by the same King George V after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature for Gitanjali from the government of Sweden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Knighthood", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Sir", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "King George V", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [112, 137]}, {"entity": "Gitanjali", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1969 , Crichton also wrote a review for The New Republic ( as J. Michael Crichton ) , critiquing Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crichton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "The New Republic", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "J. Michael Crichton", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "Slaughterhouse Five", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Kurt Vonnegut", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lalla-Rookh ( Thomas Moore 1817 ) , William Beckford .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lalla-Rookh", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Thomas Moore", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "William Beckford", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 1813 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe invited Schopenhauer for research on his Theory of Colours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [17, 43]}, {"entity": "Schopenhauer", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Theory of Colours", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also read the work of Edith Nesbit , including The Story of the Treasure Seekers ( 1899 ) , The Phoenix and the Carpet ( 1903 ) , and The Railway Children ( 1906 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edith Nesbit", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "The Story of the Treasure Seekers", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [51, 84]}, {"entity": "The Phoenix and the Carpet", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [96, 122]}, {"entity": "The Railway Children", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other ancient epic poetry includes the Greek epics , the Iliad and the Odyssey ; the Avestan books , the Gathic Avesta and the Yasna ; the Ancient Rome national epic , Virgil ' s Aeneid ( written between 29 and 19 BCE ) ; and the Indian epics , the Ramayana and the Mahabharata .", "entity": [{"entity": "ancient epic poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [6, 25]}, {"entity": "Greek epics", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Iliad", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "Odyssey", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Avestan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Gathic Avesta", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Yasna", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Ancient Rome", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "Virgil", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Aeneid", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "Indian epics", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [230, 242]}, {"entity": "Ramayana", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [249, 257]}, {"entity": "Mahabharata", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their first child , a daughter , Maria Teresa , was born on 9 March 1938 and a son , Auberon Waugh , on 17 November 1939 Hastings , pp. 336 and 392 Between these events , Scoop was published in May 1938 to wide critical acclaim. Stannard , Vol. i pp. 470-71 In August 1938 Waugh , with Laura , made a three-month trip to Mexico after which he wrote Robbery Under Law , based on his experiences there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maria Teresa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Auberon Waugh", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "Hastings", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "Scoop", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "Stannard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [229, 237]}, {"entity": "Waugh", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [273, 278]}, {"entity": "Laura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [286, 291]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [321, 327]}, {"entity": "Robbery Under Law", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [349, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his 1947 long poem The Age of Anxiety , the title of which became a popular phrase describing the modern era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pulitzer Prize for Poetry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [11, 36]}, {"entity": "The Age of Anxiety", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences , worked alongside the Writers Guild of America , and was head of the Directors Guild of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 73]}, {"entity": "Writers Guild of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 121]}, {"entity": "Directors Guild of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles appeared in the John Godber comedy play Teechers , in which he swapped in and out of various roles , at the Arts Theatre , London , and at the Edinburgh Festival ( 1989 ) , and he played Idle Jack in the pantomime Dick Whittington , at the Hull New Theatre ( 1997 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "John Godber", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Teechers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Arts Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "Idle Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 204]}, {"entity": "Dick Whittington", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [222, 238]}, {"entity": "Hull New Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [248, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1971 , as a response to the popularity of sexual guidebooks such as The Sensuous Woman ( by J ) and The Sensuous Man ( by M ) , Asimov published The Sensuous Dirty Old Man under the byline Dr. ' A", "entity": [{"entity": "The Sensuous Woman", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "J", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [95, 96]}, {"entity": "The Sensuous Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "M", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [125, 126]}, {"entity": "Asimov", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "The Sensuous Dirty Old Man", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [148, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although its setting is Trojan , Boccaccio 's story is not taken from Greek myth , but from the Roman de Troie , a twelfth-century French medieval re-elaboration of the Trojan legend by Benoît de Sainte-Maure known to Boccaccio in the Latin prose version by Guido delle Colonne ( Historia destructionis Troiae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trojan", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Boccaccio", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Greek myth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "Roman de Troie", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "Trojan", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "Benoît de Sainte-Maure", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [186, 208]}, {"entity": "Boccaccio", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [218, 227]}, {"entity": "Latin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [235, 240]}, {"entity": "prose", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [241, 246]}, {"entity": "Guido delle Colonne", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [258, 277]}, {"entity": "Historia destructionis Troiae", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [280, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See also Two Figures In Dense Violet Night which can be read as a humorous anecdote about the gauche male , or a meditation on the lover 's otherness , or the poet 's challenge to the imagination of the reader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two Figures In Dense Violet Night", "entity_type": "poem", "pos": [9, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other signers and RESIST members included Mitchell Goodman , Henry Braun , Denise Levertov , Noam Chomsky , William Sloane Coffin , Dwight Macdonald , Robert Lowell , and Norman Mailer . Barsky , Robert F. ( 1998 ) as a form of anti-war protest .", "entity": [{"entity": "RESIST", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Mitchell Goodman", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "Henry Braun", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Denise Levertov", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "Noam Chomsky", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "William Sloane Coffin", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [108, 129]}, {"entity": "Dwight Macdonald", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [132, 148]}, {"entity": "Robert Lowell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "Norman Mailer", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Barsky", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [187, 193]}, {"entity": "Robert F.", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "anti-war protest", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [228, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germany ' s national poet , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , also wrote many sonnets , using a rhyme scheme derived from Italian poetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "sonnets", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "poetry", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ride with the Devil received its world premiere at the 25th Deauville American Film Festival in France on September 9 , 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ride with the Devil", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Deauville American Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [60, 92]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1980s , Coppola started considering concepts for a motion picture based upon the 19th-century novel The Adventures of Pinocchio , and in 1991 Coppola and Warner Bros. began discussing the project as well as two others involving the life of J. Edgar Hoover and the children 's novel The Secret Garden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coppola", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "The Adventures of Pinocchio", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [112, 139]}, {"entity": "Coppola", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "Warner Bros.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "J. Edgar Hoover", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [252, 267]}, {"entity": "novel", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [288, 293]}, {"entity": "The Secret Garden", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [294, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his earliest influences , Simon cited Norman Angell for his book The Great Illusion and Henry George for his book Progress and Poverty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Norman Angell", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "The Great Illusion", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "Henry George", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Progress and Poverty", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The several characters live within a divided United States , in which the Empire of Japan takes the Pacific states , governing them as a puppet , Nazi Germany takes the East Coast of the United States and parts of the Midwest , with the remnants of the old United States ' government as the Neutral Zone , a buffer state between the two superpowers .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Empire of Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "Pacific states", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "Nazi Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "East Coast of the United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 200]}, {"entity": "Midwest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [218, 225]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [257, 270]}, {"entity": "Neutral Zone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [291, 303]}, {"entity": "buffer state", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [308, 320]}, {"entity": "superpowers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [337, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are also frequently adapted and , like many of his novels , evoke images of early Victorian London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oliver Twist", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Great Expectations", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "novels", "entity_type": "literary genre", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "Victorian London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eisenhower 's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations , a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan , and The American Assembly , Eisenhower 's vision of a great cultural center where business , professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eisenhower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "Council on Foreign Relations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 130]}, {"entity": "Marshall Plan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [225, 238]}, {"entity": "The American Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [245, 266]}, {"entity": "Eisenhower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [269, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He proposed that Germany be reunified and accept the Oder-Neisse line as its border , and that a neutral zone be established in Central Europe , consisting at the minimum of Germany , Poland , Hungary , and Czechoslovakia , with each of these countries being free of foreign troops and influence , and prohibited from forming alliances with countries outside the zone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Oder-Neisse line", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "Central Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [184, 190]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "Czechoslovakia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [207, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly thereafter , Bloch created the Damon Runyon -esque humorous series character Lefty Feep in the story Time Wounds All Heels Fantastic Adventures ( April 1942 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bloch", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Damon Runyon", "entity_type": "writer", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Lefty Feep", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "Time Wounds All Heels", "entity_type": "book", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "Fantastic Adventures", "entity_type": "magazine", "pos": [131, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/schema.json
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+["location", "event", "country", "band", "person", "song", "musical artist", "music genre", "else", "album", "organization", "award", "musical instrument"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/test.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/test.json
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+{"text": "It is based on the classic song The Guns of Brixton on The Clash ' s London Calling and has proven to be a success on the modern rock charts .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Guns of Brixton", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "The Clash", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "London Calling", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a strong advocate of animal rights , Linda lent her support to many organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) , the Campaign to Protect Rural England , and Friends of the Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linda", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [93, 136]}, {"entity": "PETA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "Campaign to Protect Rural England", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [152, 185]}, {"entity": "Friends of the Earth", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [192, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polka is still a popular genre of folk music in many European countries and is performed by folk artists in Poland , Latvia , Lithuania , Czech Republic , Netherlands , Croatia , Slovenia , Germany , Hungary , Austria , Switzerland , Italy , Ukraine , Belarus , Russia and Slovakia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polka", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "European countries", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Latvia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Lithuania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [190, 197]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [200, 207]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [210, 217]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [234, 239]}, {"entity": "Ukraine", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [242, 249]}, {"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [252, 259]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [262, 268]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [273, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jazz accordionists from the United States include Steve Bach , Milton DeLugg , Orlando DiGirolamo , Dominic Frontiere , Guy Klucevsek , Yuri Lemeshev , Frank Marocco , John Serry Sr. , Lee Tomboulian , and Art Van Damme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Steve Bach", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Milton DeLugg", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Orlando DiGirolamo", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "Dominic Frontiere", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "Guy Klucevsek", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "Yuri Lemeshev", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Frank Marocco", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "John Serry Sr.", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [168, 182]}, {"entity": "Lee Tomboulian", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "Art Van Damme", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [206, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the singles from the album reached number one on the UK charts , but Chiquitita , Does Your Mother Know , Angeleyes ( with Voulez-Vous , released as a double A-side ) and I Have a Dream were all UK Top 5 hits .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "Chiquitita", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Does Your Mother Know", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "Angeleyes", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "Voulez-Vous", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "A-side", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "I Have a Dream", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [179, 193]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [203, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plaid went on to release several more albums , including Trainer ( a compilation of early Plaid work , including the complete Mbuki Mvuki album ) , Double Figure , Spokes , Parts in the Post ( a compilation of Plaid remixes ) , Greedy Baby ( an audio-visual collaboration with Bob Jaroc ) , Scintilli , Reachy Prints and The Digging Remedy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plaid", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Trainer", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Plaid", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Mbuki Mvuki", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "Double Figure", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "Spokes", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "Parts in the Post", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [173, 190]}, {"entity": "Plaid", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [210, 215]}, {"entity": "Greedy Baby", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [228, 239]}, {"entity": "Bob Jaroc", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [277, 286]}, {"entity": "Scintilli", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [291, 300]}, {"entity": "Reachy Prints", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [303, 316]}, {"entity": "The Digging Remedy", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [321, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two rappers have resolved their disagreement and have collaborated on four songs : Wish You Would off Ludacris 's sixth studio album , Theater of the Mind , On Top of the World off T.I. ' s sixth studio album , Paper Trail and We in This Bitch off DJ Drama 's album , Quality Street Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wish You Would", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Ludacris", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "Theater of the Mind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "On Top of the World", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "T.I.", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [185, 189]}, {"entity": "Paper Trail", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [215, 226]}, {"entity": "We in This Bitch", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [231, 247]}, {"entity": "DJ Drama", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [252, 260]}, {"entity": "Quality Street Music", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [272, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often termed soul blues or Southern soul , the music at the heart of this movement was given new life by the unexpected success of two particular recordings on the Jackson-based Malaco label : Z. Z. Hill ' s Down Home Blues ( 1982 ) and Little Milton ' s The Blues is Alright ( 1984 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "soul blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Southern soul", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Malaco label", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "Z. Z. Hill", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [193, 203]}, {"entity": "Down Home Blues", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [208, 223]}, {"entity": "Little Milton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [237, 250]}, {"entity": "The Blues is Alright", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [255, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Belgium group Technotronic scored an international hit with the song Pump Up the Jam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Technotronic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Pump Up the Jam", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this success , Francis recorded seven more albums of favorites between 1960 and 1964 , including Connie Francis Sings Jewish Favorites , Connie Francis Sings German Favorites , and Connie Francis Sings Irish Favorites , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Connie Francis Sings Jewish Favorites", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [107, 144]}, {"entity": "Connie Francis Sings German Favorites", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [147, 184]}, {"entity": "Connie Francis Sings Irish Favorites", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [191, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With Fredriksson 's continued treatment and recuperation he made three more albums , Son of a Plumber ( 2005 ) , En händig man ( A handy man , 2007 ) and Party Crasher ( 2008 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fredriksson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Son of a Plumber", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "En händig man", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "A handy man", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "Party Crasher", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [154, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2019 , Phair announced via her Instagram that she had been working on new studio material with Brad Wood , who produced Exile in Guyville , Whip-Smart , and parts of Whitechocolatespaceegg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phair", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Instagram", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Brad Wood", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "Exile in Guyville", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [129, 146]}, {"entity": "Whip-Smart", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "Whitechocolatespaceegg", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [175, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annie Hall ( 1977 ) won four Academy Awards , including Academy Award for Best Picture , Academy Award for Best Actress for Diane Keaton , Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Academy Award for Best Director for Woody Allen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annie Hall", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 86]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 119]}, {"entity": "Diane Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [139, 181]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [186, 217]}, {"entity": "Woody Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [222, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in 1993 , the band contributed the track It 's the New Style ( with DJ Hurricane ) to the AIDS benefit album No Alternative , produced by the Red Hot Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New Style", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "DJ Hurricane", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "AIDS benefit album", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [95, 113]}, {"entity": "No Alternative", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Red Hot Organization", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [147, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often cited as a pop icon , Timberlake is the recipient of numerous awards and accolades , including ten Grammy Award s , four Emmy Award s , three Brit Awards , nine Billboard Music Awards , the Contemporary Icon Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame , an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music , and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timberlake", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [167, 189]}, {"entity": "Contemporary Icon Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [196, 219]}, {"entity": "Songwriters Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [227, 251]}, {"entity": "honorary Doctor of Music degree", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [257, 288]}, {"entity": "Berklee College of Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [298, 322]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [333, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several notable albums have been released , in particular the Morris On series , which consists of Morris On , Son of Morris On , Grandson of Morris On , Great Grandson of Morris On , Morris on the Road , and Mother of all Morris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Son of Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Grandson of Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [130, 151]}, {"entity": "Great Grandson of Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [154, 181]}, {"entity": "Morris on the Road", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [184, 202]}, {"entity": "Mother of all Morris", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [209, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film won Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Costume Design , Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling and Academy Award for Best Sound Editing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Costume Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [32, 69]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [72, 117]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [122, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 2010s , there was somewhat of a resurgence of boy band popularity in countries where the trend had not maintained , with the emergence of new boy bands like Big Time Rush , The Wanted , and One Direction and the formation of supergroup NKOTBSB which comprised members of New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Time Rush", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [170, 183]}, {"entity": "The Wanted", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "One Direction", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "NKOTBSB", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [249, 256]}, {"entity": "New Kids on the Block", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [284, 305]}, {"entity": "Backstreet Boys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [310, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first wave of black metal emerged in Europe in the early and mid-1980s , led by the United Kingdom 's Venom , Denmark 's Mercyful Fate , Switzerland 's Hellhammer and Celtic Frost , and Sweden 's Bathory .", "entity": [{"entity": "black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Venom", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Mercyful Fate", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "Hellhammer", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "Celtic Frost", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [171, 183]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "Bathory", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [200, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in 1999 , Righteous Babe Records began releasing albums by other artists including Sara Lee , Sekou Sundiata , Michael Meldrum , Arto Lindsay , Bitch and Animal , That One Guy , Utah Phillips , Hamell on Trial , Andrew Bird , Kurt Swinghammer , Buddy Wakefield , Anaïs Mitchell and Nona Hendryx .", "entity": [{"entity": "Righteous Babe Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [20, 42]}, {"entity": "Sara Lee", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "Sekou Sundiata", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "Michael Meldrum", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "Arto Lindsay", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "Bitch and Animal", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "That One Guy", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [173, 185]}, {"entity": "Utah Phillips", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "Hamell on Trial", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [204, 219]}, {"entity": "Andrew Bird", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [222, 233]}, {"entity": "Kurt Swinghammer", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [236, 252]}, {"entity": "Buddy Wakefield", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [255, 270]}, {"entity": "Anaïs Mitchell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [273, 287]}, {"entity": "Nona Hendryx", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [292, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting in the early 1950s , and during the mid-1960s , Western singer-songwriters such as Michael Martin Murphey and Marty Robbins rose in prominence as did others , throughout Western music traditions , like New Mexico music ' s Al Hurricane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Martin Murphey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 114]}, {"entity": "Marty Robbins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Western music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "New Mexico music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [211, 227]}, {"entity": "Al Hurricane", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [232, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the direction of producers such as Chet Atkins , Bill Porter , Paul Cohen , Owen Bradley , Bob Ferguson , and later Billy Sherrill , the sound brought country music to a diverse audience and helped revive country as it emerged from a commercially fallow period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chet Atkins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Bill Porter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Paul Cohen", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Owen Bradley", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Bob Ferguson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "Billy Sherrill", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [211, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conductors with whom she has worked include Pierre Boulez , Sir Simon Rattle , Sir Colin Davis , Michael Tilson Thomas , and Valery Gergiev , and she has appeared in many of the world 's greatest venues , including the Wigmore Hall , Southbank Centre and the Barbican Centre in London , Sydney Opera House , New York 's Lincoln Center , Leipzig Gewandhaus , the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and the Mozarteum in Salzburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Boulez", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Simon Rattle", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Colin Davis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Michael Tilson Thomas", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "Valery Gergiev", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Wigmore Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [223, 235]}, {"entity": "Southbank Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [238, 254]}, {"entity": "Barbican Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [263, 278]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [282, 288]}, {"entity": "Sydney Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [291, 309]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [312, 320]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [324, 338]}, {"entity": "Leipzig Gewandhaus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [341, 359]}, {"entity": "Concertgebouw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [366, 379]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [383, 392]}, {"entity": "Mozarteum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [401, 410]}, {"entity": "Salzburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [414, 422]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1993 , Grohl was recruited to help recreate the music of The Beatles ' early years for the movie Backbeat ; he played drums in an all-star lineup that included Greg Dull of the Afghan Whigs , indie producer Don Fleming , Mike Mills of R.E.M. , Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth , and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grohl", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "The Beatles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Backbeat", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "drums", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "Greg Dull", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [163, 172]}, {"entity": "the Afghan Whigs", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [176, 192]}, {"entity": "indie", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "Don Fleming", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [210, 221]}, {"entity": "Mike Mills", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [224, 234]}, {"entity": "R.E.M.", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [238, 244]}, {"entity": "Thurston Moore", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [247, 261]}, {"entity": "Sonic Youth", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [265, 276]}, {"entity": "Dave Pirner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [283, 294]}, {"entity": "Soul Asylum", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [298, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The venues they visited were ( in chronological order ) , Southampton Mayflower Theatre , Leeds Grand Theatre , Southend Cliffs Pavilion , Bristol Hippodrome , Bournemouth International Centre , and Milton Keynes Theatre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton Mayflower Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 87]}, {"entity": "Leeds Grand Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "Southend Cliffs Pavilion", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 136]}, {"entity": "Bristol Hippodrome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 157]}, {"entity": "Bournemouth International Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 192]}, {"entity": "Milton Keynes Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Convention Centre hosted preliminary rounds of the men 's basketball competition at the Commonwealth Games , which was held on Queensland 's Gold Coast in April 2018 Commonwealth Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Convention Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "men 's basketball competition", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [55, 84]}, {"entity": "Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "Queensland 's Gold Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 155]}, {"entity": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [165, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Gulf Winds ( 1976 ) , an album of entirely self-composed songs and From Every Stage ( 1976 ) , a live album that had Baez performing songs from every stage of her career , Baez again parted ways with a record label when she moved to CBS Records for Blowin ' Away ( 1977 ) and Honest Lullaby ( 1979 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Winds", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "From Every Stage", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "Baez", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "Baez", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "CBS Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [239, 250]}, {"entity": "Blowin ' Away", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [255, 268]}, {"entity": "Honest Lullaby", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [282, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played on the live albums that would follow the release of Bitches Brew , taken from concerts at the Fillmore East in New York and Fillmore West in San Francisco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bitches Brew", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Fillmore East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "Fillmore West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the years , the festival has taken place in numerous venues , including the Angel Orensanz Center for the Arts , the St. Nicholas of Myra church basement , the New Age Cabaret ( formerly known as the Electric Circus ) , the Knitting Factory , St. Patrick 's youth center , CBGB , Clemente Soto Vélez Cultural Center , the Abrons Arts Center , Roulette Intermedium and Judson Memorial Church .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angel Orensanz Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "St. Nicholas of Myra church basement", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 158]}, {"entity": "New Age Cabaret", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 180]}, {"entity": "Electric Circus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 220]}, {"entity": "Knitting Factory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [229, 245]}, {"entity": "St. Patrick 's youth center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [248, 275]}, {"entity": "CBGB", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [278, 282]}, {"entity": "Clemente Soto Vélez Cultural Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [285, 320]}, {"entity": "Abrons Arts Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [327, 345]}, {"entity": "Roulette Intermedium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [348, 368]}, {"entity": "Judson Memorial Church", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [373, 395]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her charting singles include Crucify , Silent All These Years , God , Cornflake Girl , Caught a Lite Sneeze , Professional Widow , Spark , 1000 Oceans , Flavor and A Sorta Fairytale , her most commercially successful single in the U.S. to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crucify", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Silent All These Years", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "God", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Cornflake Girl", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Caught a Lite Sneeze", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [87, 107]}, {"entity": "Professional Widow", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [110, 128]}, {"entity": "Spark", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "1000 Oceans", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Flavor", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "A Sorta Fairytale", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [164, 181]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [231, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2011 , three of the band 's albums ( The Power Cosmic , Atlantis Ascendant and The Chthonic Chronicles ) were reissued as limited edition digipaks by Nuclear Blast 's affiliate label Metal Mind Productions .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Power Cosmic", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Atlantis Ascendant", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "The Chthonic Chronicles", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [91, 114]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Blast", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "Metal Mind Productions", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [195, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The style of British blues developed in the UK , when bands such as the The Animals , Fleetwood Mac , John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers , the The Rolling Stones , the The Yardbirds , the supergroup Cream and the Irish musician Rory Gallagher performed classic blues songs from the Delta blues or Chicago blues traditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "British blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "The Animals", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Fleetwood Mac", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [102, 133]}, {"entity": "The Rolling Stones", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [140, 158]}, {"entity": "The Yardbirds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [165, 178]}, {"entity": "supergroup Cream", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [185, 201]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [210, 215]}, {"entity": "Rory Gallagher", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [225, 239]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [258, 263]}, {"entity": "Delta blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [279, 290]}, {"entity": "Chicago blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [294, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1970s she returned to traditional jazz and recorded Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town and Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town Volume 2 and in 1978 , The Hot Jazz Duo .", "entity": [{"entity": "traditional jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [63, 105]}, {"entity": "Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town Volume 2", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [110, 161]}, {"entity": "The Hot Jazz Duo", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [176, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She later released a CD on Righteous Babe of the concert Til We Outnumber Em featuring artists such as DiFranco , Billy Bragg , Ramblin ' Jack Elliott , Arlo Guthrie , Indigo Girls , Dave Pirner , Tim Robbins , and Bruce Springsteen with 100 percent of proceeds going to the Woody Guthrie Foundation and Archives and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum educational department .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Righteous Babe", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Til We Outnumber Em", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "DiFranco", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "Billy Bragg", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "Ramblin ' Jack Elliott", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [128, 150]}, {"entity": "Arlo Guthrie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [153, 165]}, {"entity": "Indigo Girls", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "Dave Pirner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "Tim Robbins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [197, 208]}, {"entity": "Bruce Springsteen", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [215, 232]}, {"entity": "Woody Guthrie Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [275, 299]}, {"entity": "Archives", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [304, 312]}, {"entity": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [321, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other artists featured on the show include Michael Jackson , Barry White , Al Green , Tina Turner , Macy Gray , Gloria Gaynor , Chayanne , Barry Manilow , Anastacia , Elton John , Sting and Mariah Carey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Barry White", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Al Green", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Tina Turner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Macy Gray", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "Gloria Gaynor", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "Chayanne", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "Barry Manilow", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "Anastacia", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "Sting", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "Mariah Carey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The festival presents concerts in Dixieland , swing , Jazz fusion , blues , gospel , funk , soul and drum and bass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dixieland", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "swing", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Jazz fusion", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "soul", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "drum and bass", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Duke turned 65 in the spring of 1964 but showed no signs of slowing down as he continued to make vital and innovative recordings , including The Far East Suite ( 1966 ) , New Orleans Suite ( 1970 ) , Latin American Suite ( 1972 ) and The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse ( 1971 ) , much of it inspired by his world tours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duke", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "The Far East Suite", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [141, 159]}, {"entity": "New Orleans Suite", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [171, 188]}, {"entity": "Latin American Suite", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [200, 220]}, {"entity": "The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [234, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prince formed the Time , originally conceived as an opening act for him and based on his Minneapolis sound , a hybrid mixture of funk , R & B , Rock music , Pop music & amp ; New wave music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prince", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "the Time", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis sound", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "R & B", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "New wave music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some managers in Europe soon created their own acts after being inspired by New Kids on the Block , beginning with Nigel Martin-Smith ' s Take That in the UK ( formed in 1990 ) and followed by Tom Watkins , who had success with Bros in the late 1980s and formed East 17 in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "New Kids on the Block", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "Nigel Martin-Smith", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [115, 133]}, {"entity": "Take That", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 157]}, {"entity": "Tom Watkins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "Bros", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [228, 232]}, {"entity": "East 17", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contained what would become Brooks ' signature song , the blue collar anthem Friends in Low Places , as well as other popular singles , The Thunder Rolls and Unanswered Prayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooks", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "blue collar anthem", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "Friends in Low Places", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "The Thunder Rolls", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Unanswered Prayers", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [161, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 March 2001 , their first full-length album , the self-titled Gorillaz , was released , producing four singles : Clint Eastwood , 19-2000 , Rock the House , and Tomorrow Comes Today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorillaz", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "Clint Eastwood", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "19-2000", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "Rock the House", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "Tomorrow Comes Today", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [166, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such important centres include Mexico , the Andean region , Venezuela , and Paraguay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Andean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of the decade , Underwood had amassed eight No. 1 songs on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart , along with numerous awards from the Country Music Association , Academy of Country Music and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Underwood", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Billboard", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Hot Country Songs chart", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [84, 107]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [146, 171]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [174, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not until 1997 and the change to pop-oriented groups such as Backstreet Boys , 98 Degrees , NSYNC , The Moffatts , and Hanson that boy bands exploded commercially and dominated the market in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "pop-oriented", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Backstreet Boys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "98 Degrees", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "NSYNC", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "The Moffatts", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Hanson", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [202, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Squash Centre and the National Cycling Centre , which includes both the Manchester Velodrome and the National Indoor BMX Arena , are all a short distance from the stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Squash Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "National Cycling Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 58]}, {"entity": "Manchester Velodrome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "National Indoor BMX Arena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was a success , securing three Oscar nominations , including Academy Award for Best Picture , Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Lemmon , who won .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 100]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [103, 138]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [143, 182]}, {"entity": "Lemmon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1970 Lucian K. Truscott IV reviewing Led Zeppelin II for the Village Voice described the sound as heavy and made comparisons with Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge .. January 22 , 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucian K. Truscott IV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "Led Zeppelin II", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Village Voice", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Blue Cheer", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "Vanilla Fudge", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success and popularity of the Commonwealth Games resulted in Edmonton bidding for and being selected to host the 1983 Summer Universiade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "Edmonton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "1983 Summer Universiade", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [117, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to being named Top Female Vocalist by the Academy of Country Music ( ACM ) twice and Female Vocalist of the Year by the Country Music Association ( CMA ) , she also won a Grammy Award ( earning seven nominations ) , People 's Choice Award and an American Music Award ( AMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Top Female Vocalist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "ACM", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Female Vocalist of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [97, 124]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "CMA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [183, 195]}, {"entity": "People 's Choice Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [228, 250]}, {"entity": "American Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [258, 278]}, {"entity": "AMA", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [281, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1985 , the trio joined up with Marc Almond to record a version of Donna Summer ' s I Feel Love .", "entity": [{"entity": "trio", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Marc Almond", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Donna Summer", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "I Feel Love", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They won a Grammy Award in 1999 in the Grammy Award for Best Polka Album category for their album Polkasonic , and again in 2004 for their album Let 's Kiss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Polka Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [39, 72]}, {"entity": "Polkasonic", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Let 's Kiss", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harper also contributed a recital of Jabberwocky for The Wildlife Album , an 18-track compilation CD to benefit the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Ulster Wildlife Trust .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harper", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Jabberwocky", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Wildlife Album", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [116, 142]}, {"entity": "Ulster Wildlife Trust", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [151, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After their first two albums , Fungus Amongus ( 1995 ) and S.C.I.E.N.C.E. ( 1997 ) , the band earned mainstream recognition with the release of their 1999 album Make Yourself which spawned several hits , including the band 's highest charting song Drive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fungus Amongus", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "S.C.I.E.N.C.E.", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Make Yourself", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "Drive", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [248, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Funk drumming creates a groove by emphasizing the drummer 's feel and emotion , which including occasional tempo fluctuations , the use of Swing music feel in some songs ( e.g. , Cissy Strut by The Meters and I 'll Take You There by The Staple Singers , which have a half-swung feel ) , and less use of fills ( as they can lessen the groove ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Funk drumming", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Swing music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Cissy Strut", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [179, 190]}, {"entity": "The Meters", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [194, 204]}, {"entity": "I 'll Take You There", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [209, 229]}, {"entity": "The Staple Singers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [233, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has earned numerous awards for his work , including 20 Grammy Award s , two Golden Globe s , an Academy Awards , and a Tony Award ( for Springsteen on Broadway ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "Springsteen on Broadway", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album also won Best Album at the 2002 MTV Europe Music Awards , Billboard Music Award for Top Billboard 200 Album at the 2002 Billboard Music Awards and Best International Album and International Album of the Year at the Brit Awards and the Juno Awards respectively in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Best Album at the 2002 MTV Europe Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 65]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Award for Top Billboard 200 Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 117]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [130, 152]}, {"entity": "Best International Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [157, 181]}, {"entity": "International Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [186, 217]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [225, 236]}, {"entity": "Juno Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [245, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , Freddie King and Albert King often played with rock and Soul music musicians ( Eric Clapton and Booker T & the MGs ) and had a major influence on those styles of music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddie King", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Albert King", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Eric Clapton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "Booker T & the MGs", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [117, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1998 brought a sequel , Blues Brothers 2000 that , while not holding as great a critical and financial success , featured a much larger number of blues artists , such as B.B. King , Bo Diddley , Erykah Badu , Eric Clapton , Steve Winwood , Charlie Musselwhite , Blues Traveler , Jimmie Vaughan , and Jeff Baxter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blues Brothers 2000", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "B.B. King", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [170, 179]}, {"entity": "Bo Diddley", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [182, 192]}, {"entity": "Erykah Badu", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "Eric Clapton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [209, 221]}, {"entity": "Steve Winwood", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [224, 237]}, {"entity": "Charlie Musselwhite", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [240, 259]}, {"entity": "Blues Traveler", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [262, 276]}, {"entity": "Jimmie Vaughan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [279, 293]}, {"entity": "Jeff Baxter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [300, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It includes collaborations with Pete Seeger , Ivan Neville , Cyril Neville , Skerik , Adam Levy , Righteous Babe recording artist Anaïs Mitchell , CC Adcock , and a host of New Orleans-based horn players known for their work in such outfits as Galactic , Bonerama , and Rebirth Brass Band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Seeger", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Ivan Neville", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Cyril Neville", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Skerik", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Adam Levy", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Righteous Babe recording", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [98, 122]}, {"entity": "Anaïs Mitchell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "CC Adcock", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "New", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "Orleans-based", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [177, 190]}, {"entity": "Galactic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [244, 252]}, {"entity": "Bonerama", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [255, 263]}, {"entity": "Rebirth Brass Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [270, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indo-Caribbean music of Indo-Caribbean people in Caribbean is most common in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , Jamaica , and Suriname , which reflects their Bhojpuri heritage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indo-Caribbean", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Indo-Caribbean", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Trinidad and Tobago", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 96]}, {"entity": "Guyana", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Jamaica", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Suriname", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Bhojpuri", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The New Orleans setting of the film played to Newman 's musical strengths , and his songs contained elements of Cajun music , zydeco , blues and Dixieland .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Newman", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Cajun music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "zydeco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Dixieland", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also released five singles to promote the album : Enter Sandman , The Unforgiven , Nothing Else Matters , Wherever I May Roam , and Sad but TRUE , all of which have been considered to be among the band 's best-known songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enter Sandman", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "The Unforgiven", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Nothing Else Matters", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "Wherever I May Roam", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "Sad but TRUE", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He helped found the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco , the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles , and the Brooklyn Academy of Music Repertory Company in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Conservatory Theater", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 49]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Mark Taper Forum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn Academy of Music", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 140]}, {"entity": "Repertory Company", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cliff Bruner , Moon Mullican , Milton Brown and Adolph Hofner were other early Western swing pioneers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cliff Bruner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Moon Mullican", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Milton Brown", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Adolph Hofner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Western swing", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Police won a number of music awards , including six Grammy Award s , two Brit Awards - winning Best British Group once , an MTV Video Music Award , and in 2003 were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .. Rolling Stone .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Police", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "Best British Group", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [128, 149]}, {"entity": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [187, 213]}, {"entity": "Rolling Stone", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alt-country , in various iterations overlapped with other genres , including Red Dirt country music ( Cross Canadian Ragweed ) , jam band s ( My Morning Jacket and The String Cheese Incident ) , and indie folk ( The Avett Brothers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alt-country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Red Dirt country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [77, 99]}, {"entity": "Cross Canadian Ragweed", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [102, 124]}, {"entity": "jam band", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "My Morning Jacket", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [142, 159]}, {"entity": "The String Cheese Incident", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [164, 190]}, {"entity": "indie folk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [199, 209]}, {"entity": "The Avett Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [212, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of this include Michael Jackson from The Jackson 5 , Donny Osmond from The Osmonds , Ricky Martin from Menudo , Justin Timberlake from * NSYNC , and Ronan Keating from Boyzone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "The Jackson 5", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Donny Osmond", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "The Osmonds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Ricky Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Menudo", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "Justin Timberlake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 138]}, {"entity": "NSYNC", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "Ronan Keating", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "Boyzone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baduizm was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , Gold by the British Phonographic Industry and the Canadian Recording Industry Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baduizm", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Recording Industry Association of America", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [50, 91]}, {"entity": "British Phonographic Industry", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [106, 135]}, {"entity": "Canadian Recording Industry Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [144, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dead Kennedys have influenced multiple acts such as System of a Down , Green Day , Faith No More , Rage Against the Machine , Anthrax , Sepultura , Descendents , Bad Religion , X , Minutemen , The Hives , Saves the Day and Screeching Weasel among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dead Kennedys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "System of a Down", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "Green Day", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Faith No More", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Rage Against the Machine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [99, 123]}, {"entity": "Anthrax", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "Sepultura", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "Descendents", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "Bad Religion", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [162, 174]}, {"entity": "X", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [177, 178]}, {"entity": "Minutemen", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "The Hives", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [193, 202]}, {"entity": "Saves the Day", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [205, 218]}, {"entity": "Screeching Weasel", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [223, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , zydeco integrates genres such as Rhythm and blues , Soul music , brass band , reggae , Hip hop music , ska , Rock music , Afro-Caribbean music and other styles , in addition to the traditional forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhythm and blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "brass band", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "reggae", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "ska", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "Afro-Caribbean music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [130, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium will be the opening and closing ceremonies , athletics , and football venue for the 2014 South American Games and the 2023 Pan American Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "2014 South American Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "2023 Pan American Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [130, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more core members , such as Dead & amp ; Company , Furthur , the Rhythm Devils , Phil Lesh and Friends , RatDog , and Billy & amp ; the Kids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dead & amp ; Company", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [84, 104]}, {"entity": "Furthur", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "Rhythm Devils", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "Phil Lesh and Friends", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [137, 158]}, {"entity": "RatDog", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "Billy & amp ; the Kids", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [174, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White audiences ' interest in the blues during the 1960s increased due to the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield featuring guitarist Mike Bloomfield , and the British blues movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Chicago-based", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Paul Butterfield", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "Mike Bloomfield", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "British blues movement", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [155, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little Walter , Sonny Boy Williamson II and Sonny Terry are well known harmonica ( called harp by blues musicians ) players of the early Chicago blues scene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Walter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Sonny Boy Williamson II", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 39]}, {"entity": "Sonny Terry", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "harmonica", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "harp", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Chicago blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The territory band s operating out of Kansas City , the Bennie Moten orchestra , Jay McShann , and the Count Basie Orchestra were also concentrating on the blues , with 12-bar blues instrumentals such as Basie 's One O 'Clock Jump and Jumpin ' at the Woodside and boisterous blues shouting by Jimmy Rushing on songs such as Going to Chicago and Sent for You Yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "territory band", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Kansas City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Bennie Moten orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "Jay McShann", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Count Basie Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [103, 124]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "12-bar blues instrumentals", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [169, 195]}, {"entity": "Basie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "One O 'Clock Jump", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [213, 230]}, {"entity": "Jumpin ' at the Woodside", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [235, 259]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [275, 280]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Rushing", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [293, 306]}, {"entity": "Going to Chicago", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [324, 340]}, {"entity": "Sent for You Yesterday", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [345, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troy Cassar-Daley is among Australia 's successful contemporary indigenous performers , and Kev Carmody and Archie Roach employ a combination of folk-rock and country music to sing about Aboriginal rights issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Troy Cassar-Daley", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "contemporary indigenous performers", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [51, 85]}, {"entity": "Kev Carmody", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "Archie Roach", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "folk-rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "Aboriginal", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [187, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She won Top New Female Vocalist from the Academy of Country Music and the Horizon Award from the Country Music Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Top New Female Vocalist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [41, 65]}, {"entity": "Horizon Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [97, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band headlined the Soul Assassins tour with House of Pain and Funkdoobiest as support , then performed on a college tour with Rage Against the Machine and Seven Year Bitch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soul Assassins", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "House of Pain", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Funkdoobiest", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Rage Against the Machine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [130, 154]}, {"entity": "Seven Year Bitch", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [159, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are run by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 17 February 2004 at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Phonographic Industry", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [20, 49]}, {"entity": "Earls Court Exhibition Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 117]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They play Avant-garde jazz versions of tradition American Folk music & amp ; Blues songs with Ritchie 's shakuhachi playing as the focal point .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avant-garde jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "American Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "Blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Ritchie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "shakuhachi", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a Kennedy Center Honors in 2009 , a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in 2010 , the 41st AFI Life Achievement Award in June 2013 , a British Film Institute Fellowship in March 2015 , a National Medal of Arts in September 2016 , and a BAFTA Fellowship in February 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kennedy Center Honors", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "Hollywood Walk of Fame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "41st AFI Life Achievement Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [90, 121]}, {"entity": "British Film Institute Fellowship", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [139, 172]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Arts", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [191, 213]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Fellowship", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [240, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shulman , Art Dynamo - Country Style ( 1956 ) , TV Guide , p , 28 The late 1950s saw the emergence of Buddy Holly , but by the end of the decade , backlash as well as traditional artists such as Ray Price , Marty Robbins , and Johnny Horton began to shift the industry away from the rock n ' roll influences of the mid-1950s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shulman , Art", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Dynamo - Country Style", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "Buddy Holly", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Ray Price", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [195, 204]}, {"entity": "Marty Robbins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [207, 220]}, {"entity": "Johnny Horton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [227, 240]}, {"entity": "rock n ' roll", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [283, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the time she released her fourth album in the early 1990s , she had amassed several top ten singles in the UK and Australia , including I Should Be So Lucky , The Loco-Motion , Hand on Your Heart , Better the Devil You Know and Step Back in Time .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "I Should Be So Lucky", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [139, 159]}, {"entity": "The Loco-Motion", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "Hand on Your Heart", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [180, 198]}, {"entity": "Better the Devil You Know", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [201, 226]}, {"entity": "Step Back in Time", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [231, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mathis has undergone rehabilitation for both alcohol and prescription drug addictions , and he has supported many organizations through the years , including the American Cancer Society , the March of Dimes , the YWCA and YMCA , the Muscular Dystrophy Association and the NAACP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mathis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "American Cancer Society", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [162, 185]}, {"entity": "March of Dimes", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "YWCA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [213, 217]}, {"entity": "YMCA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [222, 226]}, {"entity": "Muscular Dystrophy Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [233, 263]}, {"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [272, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had her first experience in show business when she was crowned Miss Teenager Universal in 1971 , and was Miss World / Venezuela in 1975 where she became sixth runner-up in the Miss World pageant won by Puerto Rico 's Wilnelia Merced .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miss Teenager Universal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "Miss World", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "Miss World pageant", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [180, 198]}, {"entity": "Puerto Rico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "Wilnelia Merced", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nathan Phillips Square was also a venue for Wheelchair tennis for the 2017 Invictus Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathan Phillips Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Wheelchair tennis", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "2017 Invictus Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the songs of the Spice Girls , the show began previews at the Piccadilly Theatre in the West End on 27 November 2012 and had its Press Night on 11 December 2012 and features some of the group 's biggest hit songs including Wannabe , Spice Up Your Life and the eponymous Viva Forever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spice Girls", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Piccadilly Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "West End", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Press Night", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "Wannabe", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [232, 239]}, {"entity": "Spice Up Your Life", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [242, 260]}, {"entity": "Viva Forever", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [279, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third generation ( 1950s-1960s ) started at the end of World War II with mountaineer string band music known as Bluegrass music , which emerged when Bill Monroe , along with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs were introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "Bill Monroe", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Lester Flatt", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "Earl Scruggs", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "Roy Acuff", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [227, 236]}, {"entity": "Grand Ole Opry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [244, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their styles developed into West Coast blues , Detroit blues , and post-World War II Chicago blues , which differed from earlier , predominantly acoustic-style blues .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Coast blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "Detroit blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "post-World War II", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "Chicago blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "acoustic-style blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [145, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just like in Christian rock and other Christian music genres , some artists welcome being called Christian artists while others do not want to be labeled as Christian music , as to not limit their music to the Christian music market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [157, 172]}, {"entity": "Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [210, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also co-wrote Posible , which has been used as a theme song for the 2005 Southeast Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Posible", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "2005 Southeast Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [71, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derived from the traditional Western , including Red Dirt , New Mexico music , Texas country music , Tejano music , and honky-tonk musical styles of the late 1950s and 1960s .", "entity": [{"entity": "traditional Western", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "Red Dirt", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "New Mexico music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "Texas country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [79, 98]}, {"entity": "Tejano music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "honky-tonk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their farewell concerts at Wembley Arena were multiple sell-outs ; their final concert took place at the Brighton Centre on 11 December 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wembley Arena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Brighton Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is recognized as a primary instrument in genres such as blues , Bluegrass music , country , flamenco , Folk music , jazz , jota , mariachi , metal , punk , reggae , rock , Soul music , and pop .", "entity": [{"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "flamenco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "jota", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "mariachi", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "reggae", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parsons acted as Assistant Engineer on the Beatles ' albums Abbey Road ( 1969 ) and Let It Be ( 1970 ) , engineered Pink Floyd ' s The Dark Side of the Moon ( 1973 ) , and produced several acts for EMI Records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parsons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "the Beatles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Abbey Road", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Let It Be", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Pink Floyd", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "The Dark Side of the Moon", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [131, 156]}, {"entity": "EMI Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The West African community is also very large , integrated by people from Senegal , Mali , Ivory Coast , and Guinea .", "entity": [{"entity": "West African", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Mali", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Ivory Coast", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Guinea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 17 , 2020 , a 50th anniversary concert production of Joseph was staged at Lincoln Center ' s David Geffen Hall in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "David Geffen Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parts of Europe , including Germany , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland , Hungary , Norway , Denmark , Serbia , Croatia , Slovenia , Finland and Iceland ( and Sweden before about 1990s ) , the Gothic b transformed into the letter H ( possibly for hart , German for hard , or just because the Gothic b resembled an H ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "Slovenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "Iceland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "Gothic", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [262, 268]}, {"entity": "Gothic", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [300, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their musical style shifted in the direction of progressive rock with the albums Aqualung ( 1971 ) , Thick as a Brick ( 1972 ) and A Passion Play ( 1973 ) , and shifted again to hard rock mixed with folk rock with Songs from the Wood ( 1977 ) and Heavy Horses ( 1978 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "progressive rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Aqualung", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "Thick as a Brick", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "A Passion Play", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "hard rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "folk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "Songs from the Wood", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [214, 233]}, {"entity": "Heavy Horses", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [247, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include Portuguese Fado , Spanish-speaking Mexican Regional , Reggaeton and Tejano music , French Cajun music ( especially in French Louisiana ) , Russian Shanson , and ( since the late 2000s ) Korean K-pop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portuguese", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Fado", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Mexican Regional", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "Reggaeton", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Tejano music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Cajun music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "French Louisiana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Shanson", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [203, 209]}, {"entity": "K-pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [210, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly afterwards , her career in the United States was launched with a concert at New York 's Lincoln Center , followed in 1973 by the first of many Carnegie Hall appearances .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Godfather won three Academy Awards : Academy Award for Best Picture , Academy Award for Best Actor , and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay ( shared with Mario Puzo ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Godfather", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 71]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [74, 102]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [109, 150]}, {"entity": "Mario Puzo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The banned monastic orders : Jesuits , Camaldolese , Order of Friars Minor Capuchin , Carmelites , Carthusians , Poor Clares , Order of Saint Benedict , Cistercians , Dominican Order ( Order of Preachers ) , Franciscans , Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit and Premonstratensians , and their wealth was taken over by the Religious Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jesuits", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Camaldolese", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Order of Friars Minor Capuchin", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [53, 83]}, {"entity": "Carmelites", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Carthusians", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Poor Clares", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "Order of Saint Benedict", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [127, 150]}, {"entity": "Cistercians", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Dominican Order", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [167, 182]}, {"entity": "Order of Preachers", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "Franciscans", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [222, 258]}, {"entity": "Premonstratensians", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [263, 281]}, {"entity": "Religious Fund", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [323, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black metal album covers are typically dark and tend to be atmospheric or provocative ; some feature natural or fantasy landscapes ( for example Burzum ' s Filosofem and Emperor 's In the Nightside Eclipse ) while others are violent , sexually transgressive , sacrilegious , or iconoclastic ( for example Marduk ' s Fuck Me Jesus and Dimmu Borgir ' s In Sorte Diaboli ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Burzum", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Filosofem", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "Emperor", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [170, 177]}, {"entity": "In the Nightside Eclipse", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [181, 205]}, {"entity": "Marduk", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [305, 311]}, {"entity": "Fuck Me Jesus", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [316, 329]}, {"entity": "Dimmu Borgir", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [334, 346]}, {"entity": "In Sorte Diaboli", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [351, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local varieties of this dance are also found in the Nordic countries , United Kingdom , Republic of Ireland , Latin America ( especially Mexico ) , and in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordic countries", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Republic of Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dark Star St. Stephen pairing was taken from the February 27 , 1969 show at the The Fillmore ; The Eleven and Turn On Your Love Light were from the January 26 , 1969 show at the Avalon Ballroom ; Death Don 't Have No Mercy , Feedback , and And We Bid You Goodnight were recorded March 2 , 1969 , at the The Fillmore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dark Star St. Stephen", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "The Fillmore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "The Eleven", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "Turn On Your Love Light", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [114, 137]}, {"entity": "Avalon Ballroom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 197]}, {"entity": "Death Don 't Have No Mercy", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [200, 226]}, {"entity": "Feedback", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [229, 237]}, {"entity": "We Bid You Goodnight", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [248, 268]}, {"entity": "The Fillmore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [307, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "McTell 's influence extended over a wide variety of artists , including the The Allman Brothers Band , who covered his Statesboro Blues , and Bob Dylan , who paid tribute to him in his 1983 song Blind Willie McTell , the refrain of which is And I know no one can sing the blues like Blind Willie McTell .", "entity": [{"entity": "McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "The Allman Brothers Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [76, 100]}, {"entity": "Statesboro Blues", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "Bob Dylan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "Blind Willie McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [195, 214]}, {"entity": "Blind Willie McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [283, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also performed in The Rocky Horror Show , as the narrator , at the Churchill Theatre in Bromley and the New Wimbledon Theatre .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Rocky Horror Show", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "Churchill Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Bromley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "New Wimbledon Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Gilbert composes music in a wide variety of styles , including Pop music , Rock and roll , metal , blues , and funk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Gilbert", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Rock and roll", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The follow-up release , Road Rage , reached number 5 in May , and was nominated for best song at the Brit Awards and the Ivor Novello Awards , winning at the Q Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Road Rage", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Ivor Novello Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [121, 140]}, {"entity": "Q Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the song 's success , the age of rock music began overnight and ended the dominance of the jazz and pop standards performed by Frank Sinatra , Jo Stafford , Perry Como , Bing Crosby , Eddie Fisher , Patti Page and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "Frank Sinatra", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "Jo Stafford", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "Perry Como", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "Bing Crosby", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "Eddie Fisher", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [189, 201]}, {"entity": "Patti Page", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [204, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Govere first attracted media attention by being the first black female gymnast to represent Zimbabwe in artistic gymnastics at the 1999 All-Africa Games , and later by co-founding the Kijana Project , which provides relief for AIDS orphans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Govere", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "1999 All-Africa Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [131, 152]}, {"entity": "Kijana Project", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [184, 198]}, {"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [227, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples can be found in the music of the Chambers Brothers , George Clinton with his Parliament-Funkadelic collective , Sly and the Family Stone and the productions of Norman Whitfield with The Temptations .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Chambers Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "George Clinton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "Parliament-Funkadelic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "Sly and the Family Stone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [121, 145]}, {"entity": "Norman Whitfield", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "The Temptations", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [191, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He composed and wrote many standard blues songs of the period , such as Hoochie Coochie Man , I Just Want to Make Love to You ( both penned for Muddy Waters ) and , Wang Dang Doodle and Back Door Man for Howlin ' Wolf .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Hoochie Coochie Man", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "I Just Want to Make Love to You", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [94, 125]}, {"entity": "Muddy Waters", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Wang Dang Doodle", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [165, 181]}, {"entity": "Back Door Man", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [186, 199]}, {"entity": "Howlin ' Wolf", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [204, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looking to depart from the distorted production of their previous record , The Downward Spiral ( 1994 ) , the album features elements of Ambient music and Electronic music music , alongside the band 's traditional industrial rock sound .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Downward Spiral", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "Ambient music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Electronic music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [155, 171]}, {"entity": "industrial rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G-Mex was also the 2002 Commonwealth Games venue for gymnastics , weightlifting , judo and wrestling .", "entity": [{"entity": "G-Mex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "gymnastics", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "weightlifting", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "judo", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "wrestling", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buckingham 's Second Hand News , Nicks 's Gold Dust Woman and The Chain ( the only song written by all five band members ) also received significant radio airplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buckingham", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Second Hand News", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "Nicks", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Gold Dust Woman", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "The Chain", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johnston was involved in the 1999 All-Africa Games , and in South Africa 's bid for the 2004 Summer Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1999 All-Africa Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "2004 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and Rhythm and blues to Gospel music and classical .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dion", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Rhythm and blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "Gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "classical", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His songs for the group included Taxman , Within You Without You , While My Guitar Gently Weeps , Here Comes the Sun and Something .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taxman", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Within You Without You", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [67, 95]}, {"entity": "Here Comes the Sun", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "Something", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New songwriting and recording sessions took place , and during October and December , they released the singles The Day Before You Came / Cassandra and Under Attack / You Owe Me One , the A-sides of which were included on the compilation album .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Day Before You Came", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [112, 135]}, {"entity": "Cassandra", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Under Attack", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "You Owe Me One", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [167, 181]}, {"entity": "A-sides", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [188, 195]}, {"entity": "compilation album", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [226, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Zorn ( born September 2 , 1953 ) is an American composer , arranger , record producer , saxophonist , and multi-instrumentalist with hundreds of album credits as performer , composer , and producer across a variety of genres including jazz , rock , Hardcore punk , classical , Surf music , Heavy metal music , soundtrack , Ambient music , and improvised music .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Zorn", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [240, 244]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "Hardcore punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [254, 267]}, {"entity": "classical", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [270, 279]}, {"entity": "Surf music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [282, 292]}, {"entity": "Heavy metal music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [295, 312]}, {"entity": "soundtrack", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [315, 325]}, {"entity": "Ambient music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [328, 341]}, {"entity": "improvised music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [348, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics , the installation of individual seats was required , which reduced capacity to 66,000 spectators .", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [8, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coolio was dropped from Tommy Boy Records and his albums since then , 2001 's Coolio.com , 2003 's El Cool Magnifico , 2006 's The Return of the Gangsta , and 2008 's Steal Hear , have not charted on any Billboard chart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coolio", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Tommy Boy Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Coolio.com", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "El Cool Magnifico", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "The Return of the Gangsta", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [127, 152]}, {"entity": "Steal Hear", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "Billboard", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [204, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His complex and intricate fingerpicking inspired Reverend Gary Davis , Jorma Kaukonen , Ry Cooder , Arlen Roth , John Fahey , Ralph McTell , David Bromberg , Leon Redbone and many others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reverend Gary Davis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "Jorma Kaukonen", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Ry Cooder", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "Arlen Roth", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "John Fahey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "Ralph McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "David Bromberg", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "Leon Redbone", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to shared cultural heritage and language , Indian music and Bollywood films are also popular in Afghanistan , Pakistan , Bangladesh , and Nepal , where Hindustani is widely understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Bollywood", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [142, 147]}, {"entity": "Hindustani", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several countries geographically outside the boundaries of Europe have competed : Israel , Cyprus and Armenia in Western Asia ( Cyprus is a member of the Council of Europe and a member state of the European Union ) , since 1973 , 1981 and Eurovision Song Contest 2006 respectively ; Australia since Eurovision Song Contest 2015", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Armenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Western Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Council of Europe", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [154, 171]}, {"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [198, 212]}, {"entity": "Eurovision Song Contest 2006", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [239, 267]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [283, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2017 production was nominated for 10 Laurence Olivier Award s and won 2 for Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival and Laurence Olivier Award for Best Costume Design ( by Vicki Mortimer ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurence Olivier Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [80, 127]}, {"entity": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Costume Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [132, 178]}, {"entity": "Vicki Mortimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [184, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While they did not release any studio albums during this period , Devo sporadically reconvened to record a number of songs for various films and compilations , including a cover of the Nine Inch Nails hit Head Like a Hole for the 1992 film Police Story 3 : Super Cop and a new recording of Girl U Want on the soundtrack to the 1995 film Tank Girl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Devo", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Nine Inch Nails", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [185, 200]}, {"entity": "Head Like a Hole", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [205, 221]}, {"entity": "Police Story 3 : Super Cop", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [240, 266]}, {"entity": "Girl U Want", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [290, 301]}, {"entity": "Tank Girl", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [337, 346]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tour opened at the Palace Theatre , Manchester and also played in the Birmingham Hippodrome , the Mayflower Theatre in Southampton , the Edinburgh Playhouse , the Bristol Hippodrome and The Point Theatre in Dublin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palace Theatre , Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 50]}, {"entity": "Birmingham Hippodrome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "Mayflower Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh Playhouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 160]}, {"entity": "Bristol Hippodrome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 185]}, {"entity": "The Point Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [190, 207]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [211, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artists who typified this sound included Travis Tritt , Reba McEntire , George Strait , Keith Whitley , Alan Jackson , Ricky Skaggs , Patty Loveless , Kathy Mattea , Randy Travis , Dwight Yoakam , and The Judds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Travis Tritt", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Reba McEntire", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "George Strait", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Keith Whitley", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Alan Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "Ricky Skaggs", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Patty Loveless", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "Kathy Mattea", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "Randy Travis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "Dwight Yoakam", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "The Judds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [201, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , several 1960s pop music hits feature the bassoon , including The Tears of a Clown by The Miracles ( the bassoonist was Charles R. Sirard ) , Jennifer Juniper by Donovan , 59th Street Bridge Song by Harpers Bizarre , and the oompah bassoon underlying The New Vaudeville Band ' s Winchester Cathedral .", "entity": [{"entity": "pop music hits", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "bassoon", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "The Tears of a Clown", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [71, 91]}, {"entity": "The Miracles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Charles R. Sirard", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [129, 146]}, {"entity": "Jennifer Juniper", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [151, 167]}, {"entity": "Donovan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "59th Street Bridge Song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [181, 204]}, {"entity": "Harpers Bizarre", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [208, 223]}, {"entity": "oompah", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [234, 240]}, {"entity": "bassoon", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [241, 248]}, {"entity": "The New Vaudeville Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [260, 283]}, {"entity": "Winchester Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [288, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group have released six studio albums : both The Official Fiction ( 2003 ) and Desert Lights ( 2006 ) topped the ARIA Albums Chart ; while Beautiful Sharks ( 1999 ) , Echolalia ( 2001 ) and Leave Your Soul to Science ( 2012 ) reached the top 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Official Fiction", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "Desert Lights", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "ARIA Albums Chart", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "Beautiful Sharks", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Echolalia", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [171, 180]}, {"entity": "Leave Your Soul to Science", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [194, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their fifth album , Rosenrot , was released in 2005 , and the lead single , Benzin , reached No. 1 in Finland , becoming their first ever No. 1 single .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosenrot", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Benzin", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shoegazing , Stoner rock and noise pop genres emerged into the mainstream with the explosion of bands such as Kyuss , Monster Magnet , the Desert Sessions , Slowdive , the Verve , My Bloody Valentine , Flying Saucer Attack , Loop , Ride , Shiner , the Flaming Lips , Failure , Year of the Rabbit , Cave In , Sun Dial , Hum , Orange Goblin , Porcupine Tree , Spacemen 3 , Spiritualized , and Mercury Rev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shoegazing", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Stoner rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "noise pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Kyuss", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "Monster Magnet", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "the Desert Sessions", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "Slowdive", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "the Verve", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "My Bloody Valentine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [180, 199]}, {"entity": "Flying Saucer Attack", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [202, 222]}, {"entity": "Loop", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [225, 229]}, {"entity": "Ride", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [232, 236]}, {"entity": "Shiner", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [239, 245]}, {"entity": "the Flaming Lips", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [248, 264]}, {"entity": "Failure", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [267, 274]}, {"entity": "Year of the Rabbit", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [277, 295]}, {"entity": "Cave In", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [298, 305]}, {"entity": "Sun Dial", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [308, 316]}, {"entity": "Hum", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [319, 322]}, {"entity": "Orange Goblin", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [325, 338]}, {"entity": "Porcupine Tree", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [341, 355]}, {"entity": "Spacemen 3", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [358, 368]}, {"entity": "Spiritualized", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [371, 384]}, {"entity": "Mercury Rev", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [391, 402]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "| Invisible Children Invisible Children , Inc , To Write Love On Her Arms , Shirts for a Cure , Keep A Breast Foundation , and Hope For The Day to advocate about their cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "Invisible Children , Inc", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [21, 45]}, {"entity": "To Write Love On Her Arms", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "Shirts for a Cure", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Keep A Breast Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [96, 120]}, {"entity": "Hope For The Day", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [127, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "House of Pain abruptly broke up in 1996 after the release of their third album , Truth Crushed to Earth Shall Rise Again , which featured guest appearances by rappers Sadat X of Brand Nubian , Guru of Gang Starr , Divine Styler and Cokni O 'Dire of the Scheme Team .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Pain", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Truth Crushed to Earth Shall Rise Again", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [81, 120]}, {"entity": "Sadat X", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "Brand Nubian", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "Guru", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [193, 197]}, {"entity": "Gang Starr", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "Divine Styler", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [214, 227]}, {"entity": "Cokni O 'Dire", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [232, 245]}, {"entity": "Scheme Team", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [253, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kid A received a Grammy Award for Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and a nomination for Grammy Award for Album of the Year in early 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kid A", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 79]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [101, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Lomax ' s recordings of Mississippi Fred McDowell would eventually bring him wider attention on both the blues and Folk music circuit , with McDowell 's droning style influencing North Mississippi hill country blues musicians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Lomax", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Mississippi Fred McDowell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [29, 54]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "McDowell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "droning style", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "North Mississippi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 201]}, {"entity": "hill country blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [202, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group has won an Ivor Novello Awards for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers , and Authors , as well as one Grammy Award , two MTV Video Music Award s , and two Billboard Music Award s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivor Novello Awards for Outstanding Song Collection", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 72]}, {"entity": "British Academy of Songwriters , Composers , and Authors", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [82, 138]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [175, 196]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [209, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 Warp signed Boards Of Canada , a duo that would go on to release some of the most highly revered electronic music albums of their time : Music Has the Right to Children ( 1998 ) , Geogaddi ( 2002 ) , The Campfire Headphase ( 2005 ) and Tomorrow 's Harvest ( 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warp", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "Boards Of Canada", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "electronic music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "Music Has the Right to Children", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [145, 176]}, {"entity": "Geogaddi", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [188, 196]}, {"entity": "The Campfire Headphase", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [208, 230]}, {"entity": "Tomorrow 's Harvest", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [244, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of them , Emergency on Planet Earth ( 1993 ) , Synkronized ( 1999 ) , A Funk Odyssey ( 2001 ) , along with their greatest hits compilation , charted at number 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emergency on Planet Earth", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [16, 41]}, {"entity": "Synkronized", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "A Funk Odyssey", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "their greatest hits", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [113, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Link Wray Biography , AllMusic.com ; accessed March 17 , 2015 facilitating the emergence of Punk rock and Hard rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Link Wray", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Hard rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Southwestern United States , it was the Rocky Mountains , American frontier , and Rio Grande that acted as a similar backdrop for Indigenous music of North America , Mexican , and cowboy ballads , which resulted in New Mexico music and the development of Western music , and its directly related Red Dirt , Texas country music , and Tejano music styles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southwestern United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 33]}, {"entity": "Rocky Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "American frontier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "Rio Grande", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Indigenous music of North America", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 170]}, {"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "cowboy ballads", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [187, 201]}, {"entity": "New Mexico music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [222, 238]}, {"entity": "Western music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [262, 275]}, {"entity": "Red Dirt", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [303, 311]}, {"entity": "Texas country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [314, 333]}, {"entity": "Tejano music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [340, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also appeared with RBX , Nas and KRS-One on East Coast Killer , West Coast Killer from Dr. Dre 's Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath album , and contributed to an album entitled The Psycho Realm with Psycho Realm .", "entity": [{"entity": "RBX", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Nas", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "KRS-One", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "East Coast Killer , West Coast Killer", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [47, 84]}, {"entity": "Dr. Dre", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [101, 131]}, {"entity": "The Psycho Realm", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [177, 193]}, {"entity": "Psycho Realm", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [199, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thumrī is also used as a generic name for some other , even lighter , forms such as Dadra , Hori , Kajari , Sawani , Jhoola , and Chaiti , even though each of them has its own structure and content - either lyrical or musical or both - and so the exposition of these forms vary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thumrī", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Dadra", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Hori", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "Kajari", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Sawani", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Jhoola", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Chaiti", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of his sixteenth birthday on June 20 , 1958 , Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers , Dennis Wilson and Carl Wilson - aged thirteen and eleven , respectively - in their family home in Hawthorne .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Dennis Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "Carl Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "Hawthorne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [206, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wills favored jazz-like arrangements and the band found national popularity into the 1940s with such hits as Steel Guitar Rag , New San Antonio Rose , Smoke On The Water , Stars And Stripes On Iwo Jima , and New Spanish Two Step .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wills", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "jazz-like", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Steel Guitar Rag", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "New San Antonio Rose", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [128, 148]}, {"entity": "Smoke On The Water", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "Stars And Stripes On Iwo Jima", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [172, 201]}, {"entity": "New Spanish Two Step", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [208, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( e.g. Red Sector A , Closer to the Heart on A Show of Hands and Mystic Rhythms on R30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Sector A", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Closer to the Heart", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "A Show of Hands", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "Mystic Rhythms", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "R30", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new millennium brought about a drastic change in Autechre 's style , demonstrated by Confield ( 2001 ) and Draft 7.30 ( 2003 ) , as well as the Gantz Graf EP ( 2002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autechre", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Confield", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "Draft 7.30", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Gantz Graf", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "EP", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [159, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agreement sees an annual fixture at the MCG , beginning with a clash between Australia and European champions Greece on 25 May 2006 in front of a sell-out crowd of 95,103 , before Australia left to contest in the World Cup finals .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCG", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [217, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the recording industry grew , country blues performers like Bo Carter , Jimmie Rodgers ( country singer ) , Blind Lemon Jefferson , Lonnie Johnson , Tampa Red and Blind Blake became more popular in the African American community .", "entity": [{"entity": "country blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Bo Carter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "Jimmie Rodgers", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "country singer", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Blind Lemon Jefferson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "Lonnie Johnson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Tampa Red", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Blind Blake", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": "African American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [205, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of Mattacks ' most notable participation in studio recordings in the late 1970s are the work on art rock studio albums by Brian Eno ( Before and After Science ) and 801 ' s Listen Now , as well as several Ashley Hutchings -related folk rock projects ( The Compleat Dancing Master , Son of Morris On etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattacks", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "art", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "studio", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "albums", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Brian Eno", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "Before and After Science", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 163]}, {"entity": "801", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "Listen Now", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "Ashley Hutchings", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [210, 226]}, {"entity": "folk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [236, 245]}, {"entity": "The Compleat Dancing Master", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [257, 284]}, {"entity": "Son of Morris On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [287, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contemporary African-American performers who work in this style of the blues include Bobby Rush , Denise LaSalle , Sir Charles Jones , Bettye LaVette , Marvin Sease , Peggy Scott-Adams , Mel Waiters , Clarence Carter , Dr. Feelgood Potts , O.B. Buchana , Ms. Jody , Shirley Brown , and dozens of others .", "entity": [{"entity": "African-American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "Bobby Rush", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "Denise LaSalle", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Sir Charles Jones", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "Bettye LaVette", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Marvin Sease", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Peggy Scott-Adams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [167, 184]}, {"entity": "Mel Waiters", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "Clarence Carter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [201, 216]}, {"entity": "Dr. Feelgood Potts", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [219, 237]}, {"entity": "O.B. Buchana", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "Ms. Jody", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [255, 263]}, {"entity": "Shirley Brown", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [266, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilson 's charity work includes the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Race for the Cure , the American Cancer Society , St. Jude 's Children 's Research Hospital , the Easter Seals Foundation , UNICEF , The NAACP , the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation , the All-Star Network , and Figure Skaters of Harlem , a youth organization devoted to helping children towards entering the Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Susan G. Komen for the Cure", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [36, 63]}, {"entity": "Race for the Cure", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "American Cancer Society", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "St. Jude 's Children 's Research Hospital", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [114, 155]}, {"entity": "Easter Seals Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [162, 185]}, {"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [188, 194]}, {"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [201, 206]}, {"entity": "Cystic Fibrosis Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [213, 239]}, {"entity": "All-Star Network", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [246, 262]}, {"entity": "Figure Skaters of Harlem", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [269, 293]}, {"entity": "Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [366, 374]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 , he appeared on Kool Thing , a song by the alternative rock band Sonic Youth , and along with Flavor Flav , he sang on George Clinton ' s song Tweakin ' , which appears on his 1989 album The Cinderella Theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kool Thing", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "alternative rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "Sonic Youth", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Flavor Flav", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "George Clinton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "Tweakin", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "The Cinderella Theory", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [196, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Deftones ' third album White Pony , subsequent releases would be written with seven-strings , until 2010 's Diamond Eyes and 2012 's Koi No Yokan , which were written with an eight-string guitar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deftones", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "White Pony", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "seven-strings", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "Diamond Eyes", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "Koi No Yokan", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "eight-string guitar", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [181, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four-piece Indie rock band played gigs at pubs and festivals from 2005 to 2007 such as Knitting Factory , Bamboozle Left , The Roxy , Spaceland , and The Viper Room .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indie rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Knitting Factory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "Bamboozle Left", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "The Roxy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "Spaceland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "The Viper Room", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mix of traditional Senegalese mbalax with eclectic influences ranging from Cuban rumba to Hip hop music , jazz , and Soul music won him an international fan base of millions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "mbalax", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "eclectic", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Cuban rumba", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This list includes artists that perform in traditional gospel music genres such as Southern gospel , traditional black gospel , progressive Southern gospel , urban contemporary gospel , gospel blues , Christian country music , Celtic gospel and British black gospel as well as artists in the general market who have recorded music in these genres .", "entity": [{"entity": "gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Southern gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "traditional black gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [101, 125]}, {"entity": "progressive Southern gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [128, 155]}, {"entity": "urban contemporary gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [158, 183]}, {"entity": "gospel blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "Christian country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [201, 224]}, {"entity": "Celtic gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [227, 240]}, {"entity": "British black gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [245, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dave Bush joined on keyboards for 1992 's Code : Selfish , followed by the band 's return to an independent record label for The Infotainment Scan ( 1993 ) , Middle Class Revolt ( 1994 ) , and Cerebral Caustic ( 1995 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Bush", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Code : Selfish", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "The Infotainment Scan", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [125, 146]}, {"entity": "Middle Class Revolt", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "Cerebral Caustic", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [193, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Nordic Choir has also appeared throughout the United States , performing in well-known concert halls as Lincoln Center in New York and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington , D.C. Additionally , Luther College has the largest collegiate choral program in the United States with almost 600 student singers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordic Choir", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 189]}, {"entity": "Washington , D.C.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 210]}, {"entity": "Luther College", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 240]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [290, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baron Cohen was named Best Newcomer at the 1999 British Comedy Awards for The 11 O 'Clock Show , and since then , he has received two British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards for Da Ali G Show , several Emmy nominations , a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a Golden Globe for Best Actor for his work in the feature film Borat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baron Cohen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Best Newcomer at the 1999 British Comedy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 69]}, {"entity": "The 11 O 'Clock Show", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [134, 184]}, {"entity": "Da Ali G Show", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [189, 202]}, {"entity": "Emmy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [213, 217]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [252, 293]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [302, 329]}, {"entity": "Borat", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [363, 368]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australian Film Institute , Blockbuster Entertainment Awards , Empire Awards , Hollywood Film Festival , London Film Critics ' Circle , Russian Guild of Film Critics , Satellite Awards , and Southeastern Film Critics Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Film Institute", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Blockbuster Entertainment Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [28, 60]}, {"entity": "Empire Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Hollywood Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [79, 102]}, {"entity": "London Film Critics ' Circle", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [105, 133]}, {"entity": "Russian Guild of Film Critics", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [136, 165]}, {"entity": "Satellite Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "Southeastern Film Critics Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [191, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the instrument of the early jazz great Johnny St. Cyr , jazzmen Django Reinhardt , Danny Barker , Papa Charlie Jackson and Clancy Hayes , as well as the blues and gospel singer The Reverend Gary Davis .", "entity": [{"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "Johnny St. Cyr", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "Django Reinhardt", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "Danny Barker", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Papa Charlie Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [107, 127]}, {"entity": "Clancy Hayes", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "Reverend Gary Davis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [190, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For portraying both gunfighter Kid Shelleen and criminal Tim Strawn , he won the Academy Award for Best Actor , along with a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , a Golden Globe Award , an National Board of Review Award for Best Actor , and the Silver Bear for Best Actor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kid Shelleen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Tim Strawn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 109]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [125, 169]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [174, 192]}, {"entity": "National Board of Review Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [198, 243]}, {"entity": "Silver Bear for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [254, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in the recordings of successful and critically acclaimed albums such as Marvin Gaye ' s What 's Going On ( 1971 ) and Let 's Get it On ( 1973 ) , and Stevie Wonder ' s Music of My Mind ( 1972 ) , Talking Book ( 1972 ) , and Innervisions ( 1973 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin Gaye", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "What 's Going On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "Let 's Get it On", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [132, 148]}, {"entity": "Stevie Wonder", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [164, 177]}, {"entity": "Music of My Mind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [182, 198]}, {"entity": "Talking Book", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [210, 222]}, {"entity": "Innervisions", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [238, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Styles of music unique to the nation of Haiti include music derived from Vodou ceremonial traditions , Rara parading music , Twoubadou ballads , Mini-jazz rock bands , Rasin movement , Hip hop Kreyòl , the wildly popular Compas , and Méringue as its basic rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Vodou", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "ceremonial", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "traditions", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Rara parading music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [103, 122]}, {"entity": "Twoubadou ballads", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [125, 142]}, {"entity": "Mini-jazz rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "Rasin", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "Hip hop Kreyòl", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "Compas", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [221, 227]}, {"entity": "Méringue", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [234, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rohani was commissioned in 1998 by the government of Thailand and the committee of the 1998 Asian Games to compose and conduct the music for opening ceremonies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rohani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "1998 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [87, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has influenced , in some capacity , Garage house , Jungle music , Eurodance , Electropop , Dubstep , and even certain elements of Alternative rock and Hip hop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garage house", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Jungle music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "Eurodance", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Electropop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Dubstep", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Alternative rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [133, 149]}, {"entity": "Hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many early rock and roll songs are based on blues : That 's All Right Mama , Johnny B. Goode , Blue Suede Shoes , Whole Lotta Shakin ' Goin On , Shake , Rattle , and Roll , and Long Tall Sally .", "entity": [{"entity": "rock and roll", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "That 's All Right Mama", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [52, 74]}, {"entity": "Johnny B. Goode", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "Blue Suede Shoes", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Whole Lotta Shakin ' Goin On", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [114, 142]}, {"entity": "Shake , Rattle , and Roll", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [145, 170]}, {"entity": "Long Tall Sally", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [177, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music video for the album 's lead single , Virtual Insanity , was named MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year at the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virtual Insanity", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [76, 119]}, {"entity": "1997 MTV Video Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [127, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2010 , ASCAP sent letters to its members soliciting donations to fight entities that support weaker copyright restrictions , such as Public Knowledge , the Electronic Frontier Foundation , and Creative Commons ,", "entity": [{"entity": "ASCAP", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Public Knowledge", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [164, 194]}, {"entity": "Creative Commons", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [201, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hee Haw featured a premiere showcase on commercial television throughout its run for Country music , Bluegrass music , Gospel music , and other styles of American traditional music , featuring hundreds of elite musical performances that were paramount to the success , popularity and legacy of the series for a broad audience of Southern , rural and purely music fans alike .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hee Haw", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "Gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "American traditional music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [154, 180]}, {"entity": "Southern", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [329, 337]}, {"entity": "rural", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [340, 345]}, {"entity": "purely music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [350, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pixies , minus original bassist Kim Deal , reunited for a United States and world tour in 2014 and have subsequently released three additional studio albums : Indie Cindy ( 2014 ) , Head Carrier ( 2016 ) and Beneath the Eyrie ( 2019 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pixies", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Kim Deal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Indie Cindy", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "Head Carrier", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "Beneath the Eyrie", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [212, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her most popular songs include All I Wanna Do ( 1993 ) , If It Makes You Happy ( 1996 ) , Everyday Is a Winding Road ( 1996 ) , Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) ( the theme song for the James Bond film of the same name ) , and My Favorite Mistake ( 1998 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "All I Wanna Do", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "If It Makes You Happy", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "Everyday Is a Winding Road", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [90, 116]}, {"entity": "Tomorrow Never Dies", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [128, 147]}, {"entity": "James Bond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 192]}, {"entity": "My Favorite Mistake", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [223, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He traveled to Africa in 1973 , where he visited Ethiopia , Kenya , Tanzania , Malawi , and South Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Ethiopia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Tanzania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "Malawi", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly noted in the UK are the Music of Newport , once labelled ' the new Seattle ' , and the Music of Cardiff , for which the city has recently been labelled ' Music City ' , for having the second highest number of independent music venues in the UK .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Music of Newport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "new Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Music of Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Music City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [254, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lords of Acid has also explored various other genres of music such as Hip hop music and R & amp ; B , disco , Pop music , jazz , Latin , reggae , Folk music and Country music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lords of Acid", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "R & amp ; B", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "Latin", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "reggae", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [161, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2001 , having previously won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award and an Academy Awards , he joined a small list of EGOT winners with his Tony Award wins for The Producers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "EGOT", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "The Producers", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steel-string guitars are also important in the world of flatpicking , as utilized by such artists as Clarence White , Tony Rice , Bryan Sutton , Doc Watson and David Grier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steel-string guitars", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "flatpicking", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Clarence White", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Tony Rice", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "Bryan Sutton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "Doc Watson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "David Grier", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [160, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to Lady Antebellum , groups such as Herrick , The Quebe Sisters Band , Little Big Town , The Band Perry , Gloriana , Thompson Square , Eli Young Band , Zac Brown Band and British duo The Shires have emerged to occupy a large portion of the new country artists in the popular scene along with solo singers Kacey Musgraves and Miranda Lambert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lady Antebellum", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Herrick", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "The Quebe Sisters Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "Little Big Town", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "The Band Perry", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Gloriana", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "Thompson Square", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Eli Young Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [147, 161]}, {"entity": "Zac Brown Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [164, 178]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "The Shires", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "Kacey Musgraves", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [317, 332]}, {"entity": "Miranda Lambert", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [337, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organised by the European Broadcasting Union ( EBU ) and host broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija ( LTV ) , the contest was held at the Skonto Hall , with the final on 24 May 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Broadcasting Union", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [17, 44]}, {"entity": "EBU", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Latvijas Televīzija", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "LTV", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "Skonto Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1969 , RCA released the live album Bless Its Pointed Little Head , which was culled from 1968 performances at the Fillmore West on October 24-26 and the Fillmore East on November 28-30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Bless Its Pointed Little Head", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "Fillmore West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "Fillmore East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seal has won multiple awards throughout his career , including three Brit Awards ; he won Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist in 1992 , as well as four Grammy Award s and an MTV Video Music Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [90, 129]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [178, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four demos for the album were recorded on August 13 , 1990 ; Enter Sandman , The Unforgiven , Nothing Else Matters and Wherever I May Roam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enter Sandman", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "The Unforgiven", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Nothing Else Matters", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [94, 114]}, {"entity": "Wherever I May Roam", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [119, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , along with Sonu Nigam , Sunidhi Chauhan and Shiamak Davar , Ghoshal performed the theme song of 2010 Commonwealth Games at its closing ceremony , as an invitation to everyone to the following Commonwealth Games in Delhi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sonu Nigam", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Sunidhi Chauhan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Shiamak Davar", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Ghoshal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [106, 129]}, {"entity": "Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [202, 220]}, {"entity": "Delhi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [224, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King Crimson ' s In the Court of the Crimson King started with 21st Century Schizoid Man , which was considered heavy metal by several critics. Fricke David .", "entity": [{"entity": "King Crimson", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "In the Court of the Crimson King", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [17, 49]}, {"entity": "21st Century Schizoid Man", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [63, 88]}, {"entity": "heavy metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "Fricke David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She reprised her role in it the next year , playing the Edinburgh Playhouse from November 19 to December 8 , 2007 and the Wales Millennium Centre in the Donald Gordon Theatre from December 13 , 2007 through January 12 , 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edinburgh Playhouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 75]}, {"entity": "Wales Millennium Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "Donald Gordon Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema , and has won an Academy Awards , a Palme d 'Or , Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award , Silver Lion , Grammy Award , Emmy Award , Golden Globes , British Academy Film Awards , and Directors Guild of America Award s .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFI Life Achievement Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [30, 56]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "Palme d 'Or", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [143, 183]}, {"entity": "Silver Lion", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [200, 212]}, {"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [215, 225]}, {"entity": "Golden Globes", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [228, 241]}, {"entity": "British Academy Film Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [244, 271]}, {"entity": "Directors Guild of America Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [278, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the advent of the radio , bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations ( such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion , two major organizers for classic drum corps ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "radio", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Veterans of Foreign Wars", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [139, 163]}, {"entity": "American Legion", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [168, 183]}, {"entity": "classic drum corps", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [211, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few of those include bagad ( Breton pipe bands ) , Fairport Convention , Pentangle , Steeleye Span and Horslips .", "entity": [{"entity": "bagad", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Breton pipe bands", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "Fairport Convention", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "Pentangle", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Steeleye Span", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [87, 100]}, {"entity": "Horslips", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bubbles created sleeves for bands including the Damned , Elvis Costello , Ian Dury and Wreckless Eric .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bubbles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "the Damned", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Elvis Costello", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Ian Dury", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Wreckless Eric", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable post-punk groups that presaged that genre and helped develop and shape the subculture , include Siouxsie and the Banshees , Joy Division , Bauhaus and The Cure .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Siouxsie and the Banshees", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [104, 129]}, {"entity": "Joy Division", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Bauhaus", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "The Cure", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jagger , in the role of Turner in the 1970 film Performance , performed excerpts from Come On in My Kitchen and Me and the Devil Blues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jagger", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Performance", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Come On in My Kitchen", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "Me and the Devil Blues", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [112, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the most prominent of these were Metallica ' s Master of Puppets , Slayer ' s Reign in Blood , Anthrax ' s Among the Living and Megadeth ' s Peace Sells ... but Who 's Buying ? beginning a search for his replacement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metallica", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Master of Puppets", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Slayer", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Reign in Blood", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Anthrax", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Among the Living", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "Megadeth", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "Peace Sells ... but Who 's Buying ?", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [147, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a long campaign , the World DanceSport Federation ( WDSF ) , formerly IDSF , was recognized by the International Olympic Committee as the sole representative body for dancesport , on September 5 , 1997.Long , Daniel 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "World DanceSport Federation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "WDSF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "IDSF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "International Olympic Committee", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [105, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her music has been heard at the Brooklyn Academy of Music , the Sydney Olympic Arts Festival , Settembre Musica ( Italy ) , Théâtre de la Ville ( Paris ) , Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts , and Carnegie Hall , and has been recorded on Cantaloupe Music , Teldec , Point / Universal , Sony Classical Records , and Argo / Decca .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn Academy of Music", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 57]}, {"entity": "Sydney Olympic Arts Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "Settembre Musica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Théâtre de la Ville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 143]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 194]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 214]}, {"entity": "Cantaloupe Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [242, 258]}, {"entity": "Teldec", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [261, 267]}, {"entity": "Point / Universal", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [270, 287]}, {"entity": "Sony Classical Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [290, 312]}, {"entity": "Argo / Decca", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [319, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , Grant won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , and the film won the British Academy Film Awards BAFTA Award for Best Film , BAFTA Award for Best Direction , and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Scott Thomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 97]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [106, 150]}, {"entity": "British Academy Film Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [174, 201]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Film", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [202, 227]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Direction", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [230, 260]}, {"entity": "BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [267, 316]}, {"entity": "Scott Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [321, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "XXXVII No. 32 , pp. 69 , 82 ) Spaces in Manhattan that supported Downtown music from the 1960s on included the Judson Memorial Church , The Kitchen , Experimental Intermedia , Roulette Intermedium , the Knitting Factory , Dance Theater Workshop , Tonic , the Gas Station , the Paula Cooper Gallery , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Downtown music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Judson Memorial Church", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 133]}, {"entity": "The Kitchen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "Experimental Intermedia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 173]}, {"entity": "Roulette Intermedium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 196]}, {"entity": "Knitting Factory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 219]}, {"entity": "Dance Theater Workshop", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [222, 244]}, {"entity": "Tonic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "Gas Station", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [259, 270]}, {"entity": "Paula Cooper Gallery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [277, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The singles One Night in Bangkok ( with vocals by Murray Head and Anders Glenmark ) and I Know Him So Well ( a duet by Barbara Dickson and Elaine Paige , and later also recorded by Barbra Streisand and Whitney Houston ) were both hugely successful .", "entity": [{"entity": "One Night in Bangkok", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [12, 32]}, {"entity": "Murray Head", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Anders Glenmark", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "I Know Him So Well", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "Barbara Dickson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "Elaine Paige", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "Barbra Streisand", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [181, 197]}, {"entity": "Whitney Houston", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [202, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They took up a long residency at San Francisco 's Black Hawk nightclub and gained great popularity touring college campuses , recording a series of albums with such titles as Jazz at Oberlin ( 1953 ) , Jazz at the College of the Pacific ( 1953 ) , and Brubeck 's debut on Columbia Records , Jazz Goes to College ( 1954 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Black Hawk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Jazz at Oberlin", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [175, 190]}, {"entity": "Jazz at the College of the Pacific", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [202, 236]}, {"entity": "Brubeck", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [252, 259]}, {"entity": "Columbia Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [272, 288]}, {"entity": "Jazz Goes to College", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [291, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rollins left to join them soon after , leaving Davis to pay over $ 25,000 ( US $ With this group , Davis completed the rest of what became Seven Steps to Heaven ( 1963 ) and recorded the live albums Miles Davis in Europe ( 1964 ) , My Funny Valentine ( 1965 ) , and Four & More ( 1966 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rollins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Davis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "Davis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "Seven Steps to Heaven", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 160]}, {"entity": "Miles Davis in Europe", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [199, 220]}, {"entity": "My Funny Valentine", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [232, 250]}, {"entity": "Four & More", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bush 's albums include the aforementioned Sixteen Stone , Razorblade Suitcase , Deconstructed , The Science of Things , and Golden State .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Sixteen Stone", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Razorblade Suitcase", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [58, 77]}, {"entity": "Deconstructed", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "The Science of Things", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [96, 117]}, {"entity": "Golden State", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Douglas also began to appear at the mainstream jazz clubs around New York such as Iridium Jazz Club , Village Vanguard and Jazz Standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Douglas", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "Iridium Jazz Club", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "Village Vanguard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "Jazz Standard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Revolver he selected five non- Heavy metal music records that influenced him : The Cure 's Pornography , Helium 's No Guitars , Mogwai EP + 2 , My Bloody Valentine 's Loveless and The Smashing Pumpkins ' Siamese Dream .", "entity": [{"entity": "Revolver", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Heavy metal music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Cure", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "Pornography", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "Helium", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "No Guitars", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Mogwai", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "EP + 2", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "My Bloody Valentine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [148, 167]}, {"entity": "Loveless", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "The Smashing Pumpkins", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [184, 205]}, {"entity": "Siamese Dream", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also released three solo albums : Stranger in This Town in 1991 , Undiscovered Soul in 1998 , and Aftermath of the Lowdown released in September 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stranger in This Town", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "Undiscovered Soul", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "Aftermath of the Lowdown", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [105, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also tried his hand at music production , producing Idoli ' s 1980 seven-inch single Maljčiki / Retko te viđam sa devojkama and co-producing , alongside Kornelije Kovač , Zdravko Čolić ' s fourth studio album Malo pojačaj radio in 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Idoli", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Maljčiki", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Retko te viđam sa devojkama", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [99, 126]}, {"entity": "Kornelije Kovač", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [156, 171]}, {"entity": "Zdravko Čolić", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "Malo pojačaj radio", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [212, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow-up albums You 've Come a Long Way , Baby , Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars , and Palookaville , as well as singles such as The Rockafeller Skank , Praise You , Right Here , Right Now , Weapon of Choice , and Wonderful Night , achieved commercial and critical success .", "entity": [{"entity": "You 've Come a Long Way , Baby", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [17, 47]}, {"entity": "Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [50, 90]}, {"entity": "Palookaville", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "The Rockafeller Skank", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [139, 160]}, {"entity": "Praise You", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "Right Here , Right Now", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [176, 198]}, {"entity": "Weapon of Choice", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [201, 217]}, {"entity": "Wonderful Night", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [224, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , Grohl helped Chan Marshall of Cat Power on the album You Are Free and played with Queens of the Stone Age on their album Songs for the Deaf .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grohl", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Chan Marshall", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Cat Power", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "You Are Free", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Queens of the Stone Age", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [92, 115]}, {"entity": "Songs for the Deaf", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [131, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded four studio albums for A & amp ; M : Pleasures of the Harbor ( 1967 ) , Tape from California ( 1968 ) , Rehearsals for Retirement ( 1969 ) , and the ironically titled Greatest Hits ( 1970 ) ( which actually consisted of all new material ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "A & amp ; M", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "Pleasures of the Harbor", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [49, 72]}, {"entity": "Tape from California", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [84, 104]}, {"entity": "Rehearsals for Retirement", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [116, 141]}, {"entity": "Greatest Hits", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Howlin ' Wolf , Muddy Waters , Willie Dixon and Jimmy Reed were all born in Mississippi and moved to Chicago during the Great Migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howlin ' Wolf", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Muddy Waters", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Willie Dixon", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Reed", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Great Migration", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received a major expansion ahead of the 1983 Summer Universiade , when it reached a capacity of 60,081 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1983 Summer Universiade", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [43, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other artists influenced by McTell include Taj Mahal , Alvin Youngblood Hart , Ralph McTell , Chris Smither , Jack White , and the The White Stripes .", "entity": [{"entity": "McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Taj Mahal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Alvin Youngblood Hart", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "Ralph McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Chris Smither", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Jack White", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "The White Stripes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reggae en Español spread from the Spanish-speaking Central American country of Panama to the mainland South American countries of Venezuela and Guyana then to the rest of South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reggae en Español", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Central American", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "South American", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "Guyana", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cliff Richard covered Lay All Your Love on Me , while Dionne Warwick , Peter Cetera , and Celebrity Skin recorded their versions of SOS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cliff Richard", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Lay All Your Love on Me", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "Dionne Warwick", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Peter Cetera", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Celebrity Skin", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "SOS", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , Afshin-Jam became Miss World Canada and joined in the Miss World contest in Sanya , China , where she placed second .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afshin-Jam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Miss World Canada", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "Miss World", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Sanya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 11-12 , 2008 , they played in Philadelphia and New Jersey at the Trocadero Theatre and Starland Ballroom , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Trocadero Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "Starland Ballroom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brad Wilk of Rage Against the Machine was chosen as the drummer , and Rick Rubin was chosen as the producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brad Wilk", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Rage Against the Machine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [13, 37]}, {"entity": "Rick Rubin", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many stations play primarily gospel music , including Urban contemporary gospel and Southern Gospel , or contemporary worship music , while others play all formats of contemporary Christian music , including Christian pop , Christian rock , Christian rap , Christian country music , and Christian alternative rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Urban contemporary gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [54, 79]}, {"entity": "Southern Gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "contemporary worship music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [105, 131]}, {"entity": "contemporary Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [167, 195]}, {"entity": "Christian rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [224, 238]}, {"entity": "Christian rap", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [241, 254]}, {"entity": "Christian country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [257, 280]}, {"entity": "Christian alternative rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [287, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Williams has received a record eighteen Brit Awards - winning Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist four times , two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the 2017 Brits Icon for his lasting impact on British culture , eight German Echo Music Prize , and three MTV European Music Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Williams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [62, 101]}, {"entity": "Outstanding Contribution to Music", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [130, 163]}, {"entity": "2017 Brits Icon", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [172, 187]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [238, 244]}, {"entity": "Echo Music Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [245, 261]}, {"entity": "MTV European Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [274, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album included three songs written or co-written by Dylan ( This Wheel 's on Fire , Tears of Rage , and I Shall Be Released ) as well as The Weight , the use of which in the film Easy Rider would make it one of their best-known songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dylan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "This Wheel 's on Fire", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "Tears of Rage", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "I Shall Be Released", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "The Weight", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "Easy Rider", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [183, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phoenix music venues have included Comerica Theatre , Ashley Furniture HomeStore Pavilion , Long Wong 's , The Rebel Lounge ( formerly The Mason Jar ) , Modified Arts , Trunk Space , Paper Heart Gallery , Club Red , Marquee Theatre , The Van Buren , Crescent Ball Room , Valley Bar , the Nile Theater , The Rhythm Room , and Compton Terrace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Comerica Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Ashley Furniture HomeStore Pavilion", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 89]}, {"entity": "Long Wong 's", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "The Rebel Lounge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "The Mason Jar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Modified Arts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Trunk Space", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "Paper Heart Gallery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 202]}, {"entity": "Club Red", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 213]}, {"entity": "Marquee Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 231]}, {"entity": "The Van Buren", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "Crescent Ball Room", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [250, 268]}, {"entity": "Valley Bar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [271, 281]}, {"entity": "Nile Theater", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [288, 300]}, {"entity": "The Rhythm Room", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [303, 318]}, {"entity": "Compton Terrace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [325, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His producing credits also include the UK or US Top 10 albums Cloud Nine ( Harrison , 1987 ) , Mystery Girl ( Orbison , 1989 ) , Full Moon Fever ( Petty , 1989 ) , Into the Great Wide Open ( Petty , 1991 ) , Flaming Pie ( Paul McCartney , 1997 ) and Get Up ! ( Bryan Adams , 2015 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "Cloud Nine", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Harrison", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Mystery Girl", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Orbison", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "Full Moon Fever", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Petty", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "Into the Great Wide Open", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [164, 188]}, {"entity": "Petty", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [191, 196]}, {"entity": "Flaming Pie", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "Paul McCartney", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [222, 236]}, {"entity": "Get Up !", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [250, 258]}, {"entity": "Bryan Adams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [261, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hawkwind are best known for the song Silver Machine , which became a number three UK hit single in 1972 , but they scored further hit singles with Urban Guerrilla ( another Top 40 hit ) and Shot Down in the Night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawkwind", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Silver Machine", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "Urban Guerrilla", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "Shot Down in the Night", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [190, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter earned Kidman the Primetime Emmy Award for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kidman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [54, 132]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 they supported Greenpeace , International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War , Aktion Atomteststop ( an initiative for a nuclear test ban ) , the Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland ( German Friends of the Earth chapter ) and they were featured on the track Tout Pour Sauver L 'Amour ( Everything to save love ) on the Stop Chirac compilation album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenpeace", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [36, 94]}, {"entity": "Aktion Atomteststop", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [164, 207]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [210, 216]}, {"entity": "Friends of the Earth", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [217, 237]}, {"entity": "Tout Pour Sauver L 'Amour", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [284, 309]}, {"entity": "Everything to save love", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [312, 335]}, {"entity": "Stop Chirac", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [345, 356]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Martin Fry and band were once more accompanied by the Southbank Sinfonia Orchestra for dates at Liverpool 's Philharmonic Hall , Glasgow Royal Concert Hall , Sheffield City Hall , the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane in London and Symphony Hall , Birmingham , between November 4th and 9th , 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Fry", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Southbank Sinfonia Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [54, 82]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "Philharmonic Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "Glasgow Royal Concert Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "Sheffield City Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "Theatre Royal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 197]}, {"entity": "Drury Lane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 220]}, {"entity": "Symphony Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [225, 238]}, {"entity": "Birmingham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He toured with his band Les Mistigris ( not related to Mistigris ) in Germany , Belgium , France and Turkey until 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Les Mistigris", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Mistigris", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The near 3-hour-long epic , which chronicled the saga of the Corleone family , received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and fetched Coppola the Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , which he shared with Mario Puzo and two Golden Globe Award s : for Golden Globe Award for Best Director and Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corleone family", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "Coppola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [176, 217]}, {"entity": "Mario Puzo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 251]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [260, 278]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [287, 323]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [328, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been nominated in more categories than any other musician , namely Country music , pop , jazz , Bluegrass music , classical , Folk music , spoken word , composition , and arranging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "classical", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "spoken word", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "arranging", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [178, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That January , the San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a cover of Eddie Cochran ' s classic Summertime Blues , from their debut album Vincebus Eruptum , that many consider the first TRUE heavy metal recording.McCleary ( 2004 ) , pp. 240 , 506 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Blue Cheer", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Eddie Cochran", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "Summertime Blues", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Vincebus Eruptum", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [137, 153]}, {"entity": "heavy metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not long before Peña was touring the world , both as a soloist and an accompanist with performances at Carnegie Hall in New York City , the Royal Albert Hall in London and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peña", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Royal Albert Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Concertgebouw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 196]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It includes folklore music of parts of Bolivia , Ecuador , Chile , Colombia , Peru and Venezuela .", "entity": [{"entity": "folklore music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Bolivia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Ecuador", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collette supports various charities including Médecins Sans Frontières , Amnesty International and Feeding America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Collette", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Médecins Sans Frontières", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [46, 70]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "Feeding America", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After several line-up changes , the band went on to release a series of UK and US platinum and gold albums , including 1982 's The Number of the Beast , 1983 's Piece of Mind , 1984 's Powerslave , 1985 's live release Live After Death , 1986 's Somewhere in Time , and 1988 's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "The Number of the Beast", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [127, 150]}, {"entity": "Piece of Mind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "Powerslave", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [185, 195]}, {"entity": "Live After Death", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [219, 235]}, {"entity": "Somewhere in Time", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [246, 263]}, {"entity": "Seventh Son of a Seventh Son", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [278, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 , the Robert David MacDonald and Jeremy Sams translation ( previously used in 1994 at the Donmar Warehouse ) toured the UK , presented by the Graeae Theatre Company with Nottingham Playhouse , New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Birmingham Repertory Theatre and West Yorkshire Playhouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert David MacDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "Jeremy Sams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Donmar Warehouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "Graeae Theatre Company", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [150, 172]}, {"entity": "Nottingham Playhouse", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "New Wolsey Theatre", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [201, 219]}, {"entity": "Birmingham Repertory Theatre", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [230, 258]}, {"entity": "West Yorkshire Playhouse", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [263, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rob Sheffield in an AllMusic review feels that , like Mellow Gold , Odelay incorporates elements from various genres , including Folk music and Country music , grungy garage rock , stiff-boned electro , louche exotica , Old-school hip hop and noise rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Sheffield", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "AllMusic", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Mellow Gold", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Odelay", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "grungy garage rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [160, 178]}, {"entity": "electro", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "exotica", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [210, 217]}, {"entity": "Old-school hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [220, 238]}, {"entity": "noise rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [243, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apple 's debut album earned her a Grammy Award for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for Criminal and the MTV Video Music Award for MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist for Sleep to Dream .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apple", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [51, 102]}, {"entity": "Criminal", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [124, 145]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [150, 191]}, {"entity": "Sleep to Dream", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [196, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The focus of their activities in Europe became annual concert cycles at the Wiener Konzerthaus , at London 's Queen Elizabeth Hall , the Frankfurt Alte Oper , the Théâtre des Champs Elysées in Paris , the Philharmonic Hall in Cologne , the Zurich Opera , as well as regular concerts at most major halls and venues around the world ( among them La Scala , Concertgebouw , Berliner Philharmonie , Carnegie Hall , Teatro Colón , Suntory Hall , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Wiener Konzerthaus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Queen Elizabeth Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "Frankfurt Alte Oper", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 156]}, {"entity": "Théâtre des Champs Elysées", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 189]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "Philharmonic Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 222]}, {"entity": "Cologne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 233]}, {"entity": "Zurich Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "La Scala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [344, 352]}, {"entity": "Concertgebouw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [355, 368]}, {"entity": "Berliner Philharmonie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [371, 392]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [395, 408]}, {"entity": "Teatro Colón", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [411, 423]}, {"entity": "Suntory Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [426, 438]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original 2005 Broadway theatre production was nominated for 14 Tony Awards and won three : Tony Award for Best Musical , Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical ( Sara Ramirez ) , and Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical ( Mike Nichols ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway theatre", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "Tony Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [95, 122]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [125, 174]}, {"entity": "Sara Ramirez", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [177, 189]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [198, 240]}, {"entity": "Mike Nichols", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [243, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Country music , also known as country and western ( or simply country ) , and hillbilly music , is a genre of popular music that takes its roots from genres such as blues and old-time music , and various types of American folk music including Appalachian music , Cajun music , and the cowboy Western music styles of Red Dirt , New Mexico music , Texas country music , and Tejano music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "hillbilly music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "popular music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "old-time music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [175, 189]}, {"entity": "American folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [213, 232]}, {"entity": "Appalachian music", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [243, 260]}, {"entity": "Cajun music", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "cowboy Western music", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [285, 305]}, {"entity": "Red Dirt", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [316, 324]}, {"entity": "New Mexico music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [327, 343]}, {"entity": "Texas country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [346, 365]}, {"entity": "Tejano music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [372, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also produced tracks for a number of other acts on Ruthless Records , including Eazy-E 's 1988 solo debut Eazy-Duz-It , Above the Law ' s 1990 debut Livin ' Like Hustlers , Michel 'le ' s 1989 self-titled debut , The D.O.C. ' s 1989 debut No One Can Do It Better , J.J. Fad ' s 1988 debut Supersonic and funk rock musician Jimmy Z ' s 1991 album Muzical Madness", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruthless Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "Eazy-E", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Eazy-Duz-It", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "Above the Law", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "Livin ' Like Hustlers", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [152, 173]}, {"entity": "Michel 'le", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "The D.O.C.", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [216, 226]}, {"entity": "No One Can Do It Better", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [242, 265]}, {"entity": "J.J. Fad", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [268, 276]}, {"entity": "Supersonic", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [292, 302]}, {"entity": "funk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [307, 316]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Z", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [326, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , Grohl drummed on several tracks for Nine Inch Nails ' 2005 album With Teeth , later returning to play drums on ' The Idea of You ' from their 2016 EP Not the Actual Events .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grohl", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Nine Inch Nails", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "With Teeth", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "drums", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "The Idea of You", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "Not the Actual Events", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [160, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences , the earliest being Patti Smith , The Runaways , and The Pretenders , artists she discovered while in juvenile hall at age fifteen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Love", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Patti Smith", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "The Runaways", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "The Pretenders", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 , it was certified 3 × platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , 3 × Platinum by the Australian Record Industry Association and platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Phonographic Industry", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "BPI", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "Australian Record Industry Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [107, 145]}, {"entity": "Recording Industry Association of America", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [166, 207]}, {"entity": "RIAA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [210, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every style of music was offered , from Rock music and Pop music to Spanish-language programming ( for Mexican restaurants ) , jazz , blues , classical and even easy listening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Spanish-language", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "Mexican", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "classical", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "easy listening", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [161, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Singers such as Blind Willie McTell and Blind Boy Fuller performed in the southeastern delicate and lyrical Piedmont blues tradition , which used an elaborate ragtime-based fingerpicking guitar technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blind Willie McTell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "Blind Boy Fuller", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "Piedmont blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "ragtime-based", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "fingerpicking guitar technique", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [173, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band also saw success with the rest of the album 's singles , Bleed It Out , Shadow of the Day , Given Up , and Leave Out All the Rest , which were released throughout 2007 and early 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bleed It Out", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Shadow of the Day", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "Given Up", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Leave Out All the Rest", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [116, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1970 , Korner and Thorup formed a big-band ensemble , CCS - short for The Collective Consciousness Society - which had several hit singles produced by Mickie Most , including a version of Led Zeppelin ' s Whole Lotta Love , which was used as the theme for BBC 's Top of the Pops between 1970 and 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Thorup", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "CCS", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Collective Consciousness Society", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [77, 109]}, {"entity": "Mickie Most", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "Led Zeppelin", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [191, 203]}, {"entity": "Whole Lotta Love", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [208, 224]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [259, 262]}, {"entity": "Top of the Pops", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [266, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reed 's 1984 album New Sensations marked the first time that Reed had charted within the US Top 100 since 1978 's Street Hassle , and the first time that Reed had charted in the UK altogether since 1976 's Coney Island Baby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reed", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "New Sensations", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Reed", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "Street Hassle", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "Reed", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [178, 180]}, {"entity": "Coney Island Baby", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [206, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franklin continued to record acclaimed albums such as I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You ( 1967 ) , Lady Soul ( 1968 ) , Spirit in the Dark ( 1970 ) , Young , Gifted and Black ( 1972 ) , Amazing Grace ( 1972 ) , and Sparkle ( 1976 ) before experiencing problems with her record company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [54, 92]}, {"entity": "Lady Soul", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "Spirit in the Dark", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "Young , Gifted and Black", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [155, 179]}, {"entity": "Amazing Grace", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "Sparkle", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [220, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movie also featured a soundtrack of popular songs , including a cover version of The Troggs ' Love Is All Around performed by Wet Wet Wet that remained at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart for fifteen weeks and was then the ninth ( now twelfth ) biggest selling single of all time in Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Troggs", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "Love Is All Around", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "Wet Wet Wet", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "UK Singles Chart", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [287, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benson also did a version of The Beatles ' s 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road , also released in 1969 , and a version of White Rabbit , originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society , and made famous by Jefferson Airplane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "The Beatles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Abbey Road", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "The Other Side of Abbey Road", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [74, 102]}, {"entity": "White Rabbit", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [196, 209]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [210, 214]}, {"entity": "Great Society", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [221, 234]}, {"entity": "Jefferson Airplane", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [256, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the course of her career , Saariaho has received commissions from the Lincoln Center for the Kronos Quartet and from IRCAM for the Ensemble Intercontemporain , the BBC , the New York Philharmonic , the Salzburg Music Festival , the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris , and the Finnish National Opera , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saariaho", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Kronos Quartet", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "IRCAM", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "Ensemble Intercontemporain", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "New York Philharmonic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [181, 202]}, {"entity": "Salzburg Music Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [209, 232]}, {"entity": "Théâtre du Châtelet", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [239, 258]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [262, 267]}, {"entity": "Finnish National Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [278, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first known opera from Turkey ( the Ottoman Empire ) was Arshak II , which was an Armenia n opera composed by an ethnic Armenian composer Tigran Chukhajian in 1868 and partially performed in 1873 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Ottoman Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Arshak II", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Armenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Armenian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Tigran Chukhajian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hank Williams , Jr ( and , to an even greater extent , Hank Williams III ) , Gary Allan , Shania Twain , Brooks & amp ; Dunn , Faith Hill , Garth Brooks , Alan Jackson , Dwight Yoakam , Steve Earle , Dolly Parton , Rosanne Cash and Linda Ronstadt moved country further towards rock influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hank Williams , Jr", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Hank Williams III", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "Gary Allan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Shania Twain", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Brooks & amp ; Dunn", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "Faith Hill", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Garth Brooks", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [140, 152]}, {"entity": "Alan Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "Dwight Yoakam", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [170, 183]}, {"entity": "Steve Earle", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "Dolly Parton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [200, 212]}, {"entity": "Rosanne Cash", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "Linda Ronstadt", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [232, 246]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [277, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On numerous songs from band 's fourth album , A Thousand Suns , such as the album 's singles ( The Catalyst , Burning in the Skies , Iridescent ) , both Shinoda and Bennington sing .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Thousand Suns", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "The Catalyst", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Burning in the Skies", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "Iridescent", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "Shinoda", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Bennington", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium hosted the 2003 World Championships in Athletics and from 1999 to 2016 it hosted the annual Meeting Areva athletics meet .", "entity": [{"entity": "2003 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [23, 60]}, {"entity": "Meeting Areva", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the band 's 1960s heyday , the influence of the Byrds on successive generations of Rock music and Pop music musicians has grown steadily , with acts such as the Eagles , Big Star , Tom Petty & amp ; the Heartbreakers , R.E.M. , the Bangles , the Smiths , and innumerable alternative rock bands of the post- Punk rock era all exhibiting signs of their influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Byrds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Pop music musicians", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [104, 123]}, {"entity": "Eagles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "Big Star", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "Tom Petty & amp ; the Heartbreakers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [187, 222]}, {"entity": "R.E.M.", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [225, 231]}, {"entity": "the Bangles", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [234, 245]}, {"entity": "the Smiths", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [248, 258]}, {"entity": "alternative rock bands", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [277, 299]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [313, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Elephant Man was a huge critical and commercial success , and earned eight Academy Awards nominations , including Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Lynch personally .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Elephant Man", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [118, 149]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 195]}, {"entity": "Lynch", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [200, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within months , Hendrix earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience : Hey Joe , Purple Haze , and The Wind Cries Mary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendrix", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "the Jimi Hendrix Experience", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [58, 85]}, {"entity": "Hey Joe", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Purple Haze", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "The Wind Cries Mary", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [116, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The set includes the first round of the remastered series plus the long-awaited remastered versions of On Your Feet or on Your Knees ( 1975 ) , Mirrors , Cultösaurus Erectus , Fire Of Unknown Origin , Extraterrestrial Live , The Revölution by Night , Club Ninja and Imaginos .", "entity": [{"entity": "On Your Feet or on Your Knees", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [103, 132]}, {"entity": "Mirrors", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "Cultösaurus Erectus", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [154, 173]}, {"entity": "Fire Of Unknown Origin", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [176, 198]}, {"entity": "Extraterrestrial Live", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [201, 222]}, {"entity": "The Revölution by Night", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [225, 248]}, {"entity": "Club Ninja", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [251, 261]}, {"entity": "Imaginos", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [266, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The musical debuted in San Diego at the Old Globe Theatre in 1986 and premiered on Broadway on November 5 , 1987 , where it won several Tony Award s , including Tony Award for Best Original Score , Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical , and Best Actress in a Musical ( Joanna Gleason ) , in a year dominated by The Phantom of the Opera ( 1988 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "Old Globe Theatre", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [161, 195]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [198, 235]}, {"entity": "Best Actress in a Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [242, 267]}, {"entity": "Joanna Gleason", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [270, 284]}, {"entity": "The Phantom of the Opera", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [312, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has won five Primetime Emmy Award s , four Golden Globe Awards , a Grammy Award , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Screen Actors Guild Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [93, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simon Fuller has championed many good causes through his working life including The Prince 's Trust , Amnesty International , Save the Children , United Nations Foundation , UNICEF , Greenpeace , World Wide Fund for Nature and Comic Relief .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "The Prince 's Trust", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "Save the Children", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "United Nations Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [146, 171]}, {"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "Greenpeace", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [196, 222]}, {"entity": "Comic Relief", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [227, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early in their recording careers , Hall and Oates had trouble clearly defining their sound , alternating among Folk music , Soul music , rock and pop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hall and Oates", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mid 2000s , especially the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe , saw the continued longevity of nineties boy bands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife ( before they disbanded in 2012 ) , and the successful comeback of Take That in 2005 , Boyzone in 2007 , and New Kids on the Block in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Backstreet Boys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Westlife", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Take That", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [225, 234]}, {"entity": "Boyzone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [245, 252]}, {"entity": "New Kids on the Block", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [267, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received Academy Awards nominations for Academy Award for Best Picture ( producer Lawrence Turman ) , Academy Award for Best Actor ( Dustin Hoffman ) , Academy Award for Best Actress ( Anne Bancroft ) , Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress ( Katharine Ross ) , Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay ( Buck Henry and Calder Willingham ) , and Academy Award for Best Cinematography ( Robert L. Surtees ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [49, 79]}, {"entity": "Lawrence Turman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [111, 139]}, {"entity": "Dustin Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [161, 191]}, {"entity": "Anne Bancroft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 207]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [212, 253]}, {"entity": "Katharine Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 270]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [275, 316]}, {"entity": "Buck Henry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [319, 329]}, {"entity": "Calder Willingham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [334, 351]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Cinematography", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [360, 397]}, {"entity": "Robert L. Surtees", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [400, 417]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was produced Mike Chapman , also known for his work with The Sweet , Mud , Suzi Quatro , Blondie , Pat Benatar and The Knack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Chapman", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "The Sweet", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Mud", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "Suzi Quatro", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Blondie", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Pat Benatar", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "The Knack", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , he also held a variety of positions at the Boston Symphony Orchestra ' s summer home in Tanglewood , serving as director of new music activities from 1965 to 1969 and as artistic director of the Tanglewood Music Center from 1970 to 1984 and creating the Tanglewood Festival of Contemporary Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [64, 89]}, {"entity": "Tanglewood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Tanglewood Music Center", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [216, 239]}, {"entity": "Tanglewood Festival of Contemporary Music", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [275, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The British and blues musicians of the early 1960s inspired a number of American blues rock fusion performers , including the The Doors , Canned Heat , the early Jefferson Airplane , Janis Joplin , Johnny Winter , The J. Geils Band , Ry Cooder , and the Allman Brothers Band .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "blues rock fusion", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "The Doors", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "Canned Heat", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "Jefferson Airplane", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "Janis Joplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 195]}, {"entity": "Johnny Winter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "The J. Geils Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [214, 231]}, {"entity": "Ry Cooder", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [234, 243]}, {"entity": "Allman Brothers Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [254, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other acts who became prominent in the alt-country genre during the 1990s and 2000s included The Bottle Rockets , The Handsome Family , Blue Mountain , Robbie Fulks , Blood Oranges , Bright Eyes , Drive-By Truckers , Old 97 's , Old Crow Medicine Show , Nickel Creek , Neko Case , and Whiskeytown , whose lead singer Ryan Adams later had a successful solo-career .", "entity": [{"entity": "alt-country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "The Bottle Rockets", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "The Handsome Family", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [114, 133]}, {"entity": "Blue Mountain", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Robbie Fulks", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Blood Oranges", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [167, 180]}, {"entity": "Bright Eyes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "Drive-By Truckers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [197, 214]}, {"entity": "Old 97", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [217, 223]}, {"entity": "Old Crow Medicine Show", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [229, 251]}, {"entity": "Nickel Creek", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [254, 266]}, {"entity": "Neko Case", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [269, 278]}, {"entity": "Whiskeytown", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [285, 296]}, {"entity": "Ryan Adams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [317, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respected for her versatility , she received an Academy Juvenile Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Special Tony Award , and was the first woman to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for her 1961 live recording Judy at Carnegie Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Juvenile Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "Special Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 188]}, {"entity": "Judy at Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [217, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the 2001 release Destroyer of Worlds was a transitional release that led to a full return to the Viking metal style with the releases of Nordland I ( 2002 ) and Nordland II ( 2003 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Destroyer of Worlds", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "Viking metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Nordland I", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "Nordland II", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black Messiah , Beyoncé ' s self-titled album ( 2013 ) , Run the Jewels ' Run the Jewels 2 ( 2014 ) , and Kendrick Lamar ' s To Pimp a Butterfly ( 2015 ) were noted as laying the groundwork down for the politically charged releases that happened in 2016 , which included Rihanna ' s Anti , Kanye West 's The Life of Pablo , and Beyonce 's Formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Messiah", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Beyoncé", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Run the Jewels", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Run the Jewels 2", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Kendrick Lamar", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "To Pimp a Butterfly", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "Rihanna", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [271, 278]}, {"entity": "Anti", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [283, 287]}, {"entity": "Kanye West", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [290, 300]}, {"entity": "The Life of Pablo", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [304, 321]}, {"entity": "Beyonce", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [328, 335]}, {"entity": "Formation", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [339, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the release of chart-topping albums such as Heart Like a Wheel , Simple Dreams , and Living in the USA , Ronstadt became the first female arena class rock star .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heart Like a Wheel", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Simple Dreams", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Living in the USA", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "Ronstadt", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "rock star", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [155, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With Nevermind The success of Nevermind provided numerous Seattle bands , such as Alice in Chains , Pearl Jam , and Soundgarden , access to wider audiences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nevermind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "Nevermind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Alice in Chains", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "Pearl Jam", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "Soundgarden", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 2001 , the dominance of traditional boy bands on pop charts began to fade in the western hemisphere , although Gil Kaufman of MTV has described new boy bands that are more likely to resemble My Chemical Romance , Sum 41 , and Simple Plan .", "entity": [{"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Gil Kaufman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "MTV", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [132, 135]}, {"entity": "My Chemical Romance", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [197, 216]}, {"entity": "Sum 41", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [219, 225]}, {"entity": "Simple Plan", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [232, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Finland , there emerged a scene that mixed the first wave black metal style with elements of death metal and grindcore ; this included Beherit , Archgoat and Impaled Nazarene , whose debut album Tol Cormpt Norz Norz Norz Rock Hard journalist Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann considers a part of war metal 's roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "death metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "grindcore", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Beherit", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "Archgoat", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "Impaled Nazarene", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [161, 177]}, {"entity": "Tol Cormpt Norz Norz Norz", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [198, 223]}, {"entity": "Rock Hard", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 266]}, {"entity": "war metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [287, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiko have a mythological origin in Japanese folklore , but historical records suggest that taiko were introduced to Japan through Korea n and China cultural influence as early as the 6th century CE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiko", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Japanese folklore", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "taiko", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focusing on live performance in Scandinavia , Rednex appeared at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics IAAF World Championships in Athletics , in Helsinki .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Rednex", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "2005 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [69, 106]}, {"entity": "IAAF World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [107, 144]}, {"entity": "Helsinki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hunt won the Academy Award for Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as Carol Connelly in the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) , while her portrayal of Cheryl Cohen-Greene in The Sessions ( 2012 ) , gained her an additional Academy Awards nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Academy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [31, 61]}, {"entity": "Carol Connelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "As Good as It Gets", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "Cheryl Cohen-Greene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 188]}, {"entity": "The Sessions", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [192, 204]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [241, 255]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [271, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 , she contributed a cover of You Do Something to Me to the Cole Porter tribute / AIDS fundraising album Red Hot + Blue produced by the Red Hot Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "You Do Something to Me", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [37, 59]}, {"entity": "Cole Porter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "Red Hot + Blue", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "Red Hot Organization", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [143, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Southeast Asia , local boy bands also emerged as a result of the continued success of Korean and Japanese boy bands such as SMAP , Shinhwa , TVXQ ! , Arashi , Exile , Super Junior , Big Bang , SHINee , EXO , and BTS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "SMAP", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "Shinhwa", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "TVXQ !", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Arashi", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "Exile", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "Super Junior", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "Big Bang", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [185, 193]}, {"entity": "SHINee", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [196, 202]}, {"entity": "EXO", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [205, 208]}, {"entity": "BTS", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [215, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It won two Academy Awards , Academy Award for Best Original Score and Academy Award for Best Original Song for A Whole New World and receiving nominations for Best Song ( Friend Like Me ) , Academy Award for Best Sound Editing ( Mark A. Mangini ) , and Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing ( Terry Porter , Mel Metcalfe , David J. Hudson and Doc Kane ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [28, 65]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 106]}, {"entity": "A Whole New World", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "Best Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "Friend Like Me", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [171, 185]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [190, 226]}, {"entity": "Mark A. Mangini", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [229, 244]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [253, 288]}, {"entity": "Terry Porter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [291, 303]}, {"entity": "Mel Metcalfe", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [306, 318]}, {"entity": "David J. Hudson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [321, 336]}, {"entity": "Doc Kane", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [341, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Located in downtown Los Angeles , The Music Center is home to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Ahmanson Theater , Mark Taper Forum , Roy and Edna Disney / CalArts Theatre , and Walt Disney Concert Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "The Music Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Dorothy Chandler Pavilion", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 91]}, {"entity": "Ahmanson Theater", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Mark Taper Forum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "Roy and Edna Disney / CalArts Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 169]}, {"entity": "Walt Disney Concert Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highlights in 2002 included the premieres of several major works , including View From Olympus a double concerto for piano , percussion and orchestra performed by Evelyn Glennie , Philip Smith and the Halle Orchestra conducted by Mark Elder at the Royal Gala finale of the 2002 Commonwealth Games ' Pulse ' music festival in Manchester , UK .", "entity": [{"entity": "View From Olympus", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [77, 94]}, {"entity": "piano", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Evelyn Glennie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "Philip Smith", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "Halle Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [201, 216]}, {"entity": "Mark Elder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 240]}, {"entity": "Royal Gala finale", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [248, 265]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [273, 296]}, {"entity": "Pulse ' music festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [299, 321]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [325, 335]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [338, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rock and roll songs critical of disco included Bob Seger ' s Old Time Rock and Roll and , especially , The Who ' s Sister Disco ( both 1978 ) - although The Who 's Eminence Front ( four years later ) had a disco feel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rock and roll", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Bob Seger", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Old Time Rock and Roll", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "The Who", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Sister Disco", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "The Who", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Eminence Front", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [164, 178]}, {"entity": "disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [206, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These have been used in clay shooting and were suggested for use in the Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics after a successful trial at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [72, 117]}, {"entity": "2010 Summer Youth Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [150, 176]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [180, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 12 , 2010 , during the Chilean bicentennial festivities , President Sebastián Piñera announced that the capacity of the stadium will be increased so as to reach 70,000 seats for the 2014 South American Games that will take place in Santiago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chilean bicentennial festivities", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [36, 68]}, {"entity": "Sebastián Piñera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "2014 South American Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [195, 220]}, {"entity": "Santiago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subsequent albums The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein ( 1976 ) , Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome ( 1977 ) , and Motor Booty Affair ( 1978 ) all reached high on both the R & amp ; B and Pop charts , while Funkadelic was also experiencing significant mainstream success .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [22, 51]}, {"entity": "Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [63, 101]}, {"entity": "Motor Booty Affair", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "R & amp ; B", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "Pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "Funkadelic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [209, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deep Purple and Whitesnake ' s David Coverdale , Samson ' s Nicky Moore and Lone Star ' s John Sloman were all considered and Iommi states in his autobiography that Michael Bolton auditioned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deep Purple", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Whitesnake", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "David Coverdale", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Samson", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Nicky Moore", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Lone Star", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "John Sloman", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Iommi", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Michael Bolton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [165, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indie band Rilo Kiley , in keeping with their tendency to explore a variety of rockish styles , incorporated funk into their song The Moneymaker on the album Under the Blacklight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rilo Kiley", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "rockish", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "The Moneymaker", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "Under the Blacklight", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [158, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The box set was accompanied by 5 Album Studio Set , which contains only the first five studio albums ( excluding Cut the Crap ) , and The Clash Hits Back , a 33-track , two-CD best of collection sequenced to copy the set played by the band at the Brixton Fair Deal ( now the Academy ) on 19 July 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 Album Studio Set", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Cut the Crap", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "The Clash Hits Back", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [134, 153]}, {"entity": "Brixton Fair Deal", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [247, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six albums released by the label have been certified gold for sales of 500,000 copies : Oh , Inverted World , Chutes Too Narrow and Wincing the Night Away , all by The Shins , Fleet Foxes by Fleet Foxes , The Head and the Heart by The Head and the Heart , and Everything All the Time by Band of Horses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oh , Inverted World", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "Chutes Too Narrow", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Wincing the Night Away", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [132, 154]}, {"entity": "The Shins", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "Fleet Foxes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [176, 187]}, {"entity": "Fleet Foxes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "The Head and the Heart", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [205, 227]}, {"entity": "The Head and the Heart", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [231, 253]}, {"entity": "Everything All the Time", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [260, 283]}, {"entity": "Band of Horses", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [287, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The picture received Academy Awards nominations for Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing ( Loren L. Ryder ) and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [52, 87]}, {"entity": "Loren L. Ryder", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [111, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the mid-1980s , bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular , including the Sisters of Mercy , the Mission , Alien Sex Fiend , the March Violets , Xmal Deutschland , the Membranes , and Fields of the Nephilim .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Sisters of Mercy", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "the Mission", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "Alien Sex Fiend", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "the March Violets", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [144, 161]}, {"entity": "Xmal Deutschland", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [164, 180]}, {"entity": "the Membranes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [183, 196]}, {"entity": "Fields of the Nephilim", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [203, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breakbeats have been used in styles such as hip hop , Jungle music , drum and bass , big beat , hardcore , and UK garage styles ( including 2-step garage , breakstep and dubstep ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Breakbeats", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Jungle music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "drum and bass", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "big beat", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "hardcore", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "UK garage", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "2-step garage", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "breakstep", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "dubstep", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [170, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 Chuck D joined the band Prophets of Rage along with B-Real and former members of Rage Against the Machine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chuck D", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Prophets of Rage", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "B-Real", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "Rage Against the Machine", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [89, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The viola is also an important accompaniment instrument in Slovakia n , Hungary and Romania n folk string band music , especially in Transylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "viola", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Transylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folsom Field is also used as the finish line for the Bolder Boulder , a popular 10K run .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folsom Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Bolder Boulder", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "10K run", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , some alt-country songs have been crossover hits to mainstream country radio in cover versions by established artists on the format ; Lucinda Williams ' Passionate Kisses was a hit for Mary Chapin Carpenter in 1993 , Ryan Adams 's When The Stars Go Blue was a hit for Tim McGraw in 2007 , and Old Crow Medicine Show 's Wagon Wheel was a hit for Darius Rucker in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "alt-country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "mainstream country radio", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [61, 85]}, {"entity": "Lucinda Williams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Passionate Kisses", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [162, 179]}, {"entity": "Mary Chapin Carpenter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [194, 215]}, {"entity": "Ryan Adams", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [226, 236]}, {"entity": "When The Stars Go Blue", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [240, 262]}, {"entity": "Tim McGraw", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [277, 287]}, {"entity": "Old Crow Medicine Show 's", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [302, 327]}, {"entity": "Wagon Wheel", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [328, 339]}, {"entity": "Darius Rucker", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [354, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During their three years as a mainstream act , Nirvana was awarded an American Music Awards , Brit Awards , Grammy Award , seven MTV Video Music Award s and two NME Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nirvana", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "American Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "MTV Video Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [129, 150]}, {"entity": "NME Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was reflected in a series of albums released by Island Records , including Swordfishtrombones ( 1983 ) , Rain Dogs ( 1985 ) , and Franks Wild Years ( 1987 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Island Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Swordfishtrombones", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "Rain Dogs", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "Franks Wild Years", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [135, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pink is also involved with several charities , including Human Rights Campaign , ONE Campaign , Prince 's Trust , New York Restoration Project , Run for the Cure Foundation , Save the Children , Take Back the Night , UNICEF and World Animal Protection . Look to the Stars : that swept through the Australian state of Victoria earlier that month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pink", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Campaign", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "ONE Campaign", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Prince 's Trust", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "New York Restoration Project", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [114, 142]}, {"entity": "Run for the Cure Foundation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [145, 172]}, {"entity": "Save the Children", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [175, 192]}, {"entity": "Take Back the Night", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [195, 214]}, {"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [217, 223]}, {"entity": "World Animal Protection", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [228, 251]}, {"entity": "Look to the Stars", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [254, 271]}, {"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [297, 307]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [317, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's first two releases on the label , Enjoy Incubus and S.C.I.E.N.C.E. went largely unnoticed in the mainstream , but subsequent releases Make Yourself and Morning View were commercial successes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enjoy Incubus", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "S.C.I.E.N.C.E.", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "Make Yourself", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "Morning View", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reggae en Español spread from mainland South American Caribbean from Venezuela and Guyana to the rest of South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reggae en Español", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "South American", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Guyana", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles Lost in France and More Than a Lover .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyler", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "The World Starts Tonight", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [60, 84]}, {"entity": "Lost in France", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "More Than a Lover", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's evolution can be traced through the recordings The John Coltrane Quartet Plays , Living Space and Transition ( both June 1965 ) , New Thing at Newport ( July 1965 ) , Sun Ship ( August 1965 ) , and First Meditations ( September 1965 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The John Coltrane Quartet Plays", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [60, 91]}, {"entity": "Living Space", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Transition", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "New Thing at Newport", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [143, 163]}, {"entity": "Sun Ship", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "First Meditations", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [211, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female artists such as Reba McEntire , Patty Loveless , Faith Hill , Martina McBride , Deana Carter , LeAnn Rimes , Mindy McCready , Lorrie Morgan , Shania Twain , and Mary Chapin Carpenter all released platinum-selling albums in the 1990s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reba McEntire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Patty Loveless", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Faith Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Martina McBride", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "Deana Carter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "LeAnn Rimes", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Mindy McCready", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "Lorrie Morgan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Shania Twain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "Mary Chapin Carpenter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [168, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 19 September , he played with Korean artist PSY for opening ceremony of 2014 Asian Games in Incheon , South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "PSY", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "2014 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Incheon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chess - concept album - with vocals by Elaine Paige , Barbara Dickson , Murray Head and Swedes Tommy Körberg and Björn Skifs - was released in October 1984 , selling two million copies worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chess", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "concept album", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Elaine Paige", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Barbara Dickson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "Murray Head", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Swedes", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Tommy Körberg", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "Björn Skifs", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shore has also been honored with awards from National Board of Review , Recording Academy Honors , Broadcast Film Critics Association , Chicago Film Critics , Genie Award , World Soundtrack Award , New York 's Gotham Award , and The Saturn Award for Science Fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shore", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "National Board of Review", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "Recording Academy Honors", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [72, 96]}, {"entity": "Broadcast Film Critics Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [99, 133]}, {"entity": "Chicago Film Critics", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [136, 156]}, {"entity": "Genie Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "World Soundtrack Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 206]}, {"entity": "Gotham Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [210, 222]}, {"entity": "Saturn Award for Science Fiction", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [233, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newspaper sources are not clear whether Chen attempted to enter and was rejected by the Miss World pageant or the Miss Universe pageant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "Miss World pageant", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "Miss Universe pageant", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [114, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Scotland , The Corries , Silly Wizard , Capercaillie , Runrig , Jackie Leven , Julie Fowlis , Karine Polwart , Alasdair Roberts , Dick Gaughan , Wolfstone , Boys of the Lough , and The Silencers have kept Scottish folk vibrant and fresh by mixing traditional Scottish and Gaelic folk songs with more contemporary genres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "The Corries", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Silly Wizard", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Capercaillie", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Runrig", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Jackie Leven", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Julie Fowlis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Karine Polwart", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "Alasdair Roberts", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "Dick Gaughan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "Wolfstone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "Boys of the Lough", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [160, 177]}, {"entity": "The Silencers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [184, 197]}, {"entity": "Scottish folk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [208, 221]}, {"entity": "traditional Scottish", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [250, 270]}, {"entity": "Gaelic folk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [275, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conjunction with the book and the play that also paid tribute to his uncle , Milt Gabler , Crystal produced two CD compilations : Billy Crystal Presents : The Milt Gabler Story , which featured his uncle 's most influential recordings from Billie Holiday ' s Strange Fruit to Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley & His Comets ; and Billy Remembers Billie featuring Crystal 's favorite Holiday recordings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milt Gabler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Crystal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "Billy Crystal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "The Milt Gabler Story", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [158, 179]}, {"entity": "Billie Holiday", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [243, 257]}, {"entity": "Strange Fruit", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [262, 275]}, {"entity": "Rock Around the Clock", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [279, 300]}, {"entity": "Bill Haley & His Comets", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [304, 327]}, {"entity": "Billy Remembers Billie", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [334, 356]}, {"entity": "Crystal", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [367, 374]}, {"entity": "Holiday", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [387, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has won several awards throughout her career , including one Grammy Award from seven nominations , one Latin Grammy Award , ten Juno Awards , one BRIT Award , one Billboard Music Award , one MTV Europe Music Award , one World Music Award , and three Much Music Video Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Latin Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "Juno Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "BRIT Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [167, 188]}, {"entity": "MTV Europe Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [195, 217]}, {"entity": "World Music Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [224, 241]}, {"entity": "Much Music Video Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [254, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The awards were established in 1969 , and represent a variety of musical styles , including Christian rock , Contemporary Christian music , Christian hip hop , Christian country music , and Urban contemporary gospel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Contemporary Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [109, 137]}, {"entity": "Christian hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "Christian country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [160, 183]}, {"entity": "Urban contemporary gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [190, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He provided musical direction for the ceremonies of the 1978 Commonwealth Games , EXPO 86 , The World University Games , the XV Olympic Winter Games , and for countless television shows .", "entity": [{"entity": "1978 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [56, 79]}, {"entity": "EXPO 86", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "The World University Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 118]}, {"entity": "XV Olympic Winter Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicago blues is influenced to a large extent by the Delta blues style , because many performers had migrated from the Mississippi region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Delta blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Performers such as Frank Stokes , Sleepy John Estes , Robert Wilkins , Joe McCoy , Casey Bill Weldon and Memphis Minnie used a variety of unusual instruments such as washboard , fiddle , kazoo or mandolin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Stokes", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Sleepy John Estes", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Robert Wilkins", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Joe McCoy", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Casey Bill Weldon", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Memphis Minnie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "washboard", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [166, 175]}, {"entity": "fiddle", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "kazoo", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [187, 192]}, {"entity": "mandolin", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World DanceSport Federation ( WDSF ) , formerly the International DanceSport Federation ( IDSF ) , is the international governing body of DanceSport and Wheelchair DanceSport , as recognised by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) and the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "World DanceSport Federation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [4, 31]}, {"entity": "WDSF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "International DanceSport Federation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [56, 91]}, {"entity": "IDSF", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "DanceSport", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "Wheelchair DanceSport", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [157, 178]}, {"entity": "International Olympic Committee", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [202, 233]}, {"entity": "IOC", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [236, 239]}, {"entity": "International Paralympic Committee", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [250, 284]}, {"entity": "IPC", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [287, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While he was working at Friends , Bubbles formed an association with Hawkwind and became responsible for a run of their album sleeves , including In Search of Space , Doremi Fasol Latido and Space Ritual .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bubbles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Hawkwind", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "In Search of Space", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [146, 164]}, {"entity": "Doremi Fasol Latido", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [167, 186]}, {"entity": "Space Ritual", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [191, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990s , artists like Me 'shell Ndegeocello , Brooklyn Funk Essentials and the ( predominantly UK-based ) acid jazz movement including artists and bands such as Jamiroquai , Incognito , Galliano , Omar Lye-Fook , Los Tetas and the Brand New Heavies carried on with strong elements of funk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Me 'shell Ndegeocello", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn Funk Essentials", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "acid jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Jamiroquai", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "Incognito", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "Galliano", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "Omar Lye-Fook", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "Los Tetas", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [219, 228]}, {"entity": "Brand New Heavies", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [237, 254]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [290, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Simpsons episode Homerpalooza features Homer explaining 1970s rock music to Lisa , Bart , and Milhouse : Grand Funk Railroad paved the way for Jefferson Airplane , clearing the way for Jefferson Starship .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Simpsons", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Homerpalooza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Homer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Lisa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "Bart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "Milhouse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "Grand Funk Railroad", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [109, 128]}, {"entity": "Jefferson Airplane", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [147, 165]}, {"entity": "Jefferson Starship", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [189, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His film Annie Hall ( 1977 ) , a romantic comedy featuring Allen and his frequent collaborator Diane Keaton , won four Academy Awards , including Academy Award for Best Picture , Academy Award for Best Director , Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , and Academy Award for Best Actress for Keaton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annie Hall", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Diane Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [146, 176]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [179, 210]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [213, 255]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [262, 292]}, {"entity": "Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [297, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Armstrong had nineteen Top Ten records including Stardust , What a Wonderful World , When The Saints Go Marching In , Dream a Little Dream of Me , Ain 't Misbehavin ' , You Rascal You , and Stompin ' at the Savoy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Armstrong", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Stardust", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "What a Wonderful World", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "When The Saints Go Marching In", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [85, 115]}, {"entity": "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [118, 144]}, {"entity": "Ain 't Misbehavin '", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [147, 166]}, {"entity": "You Rascal You", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Stompin ' at the Savoy", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [190, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It won five Grammys : Grammy Award for Best Rock Album , Grammy Award for Best Rock Song ( Dani California ) , Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal ( Dani California ) , Best Boxed Or Special Limited Edition Package , and Best Producer ( Rick Rubin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Rock Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 54]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Rock Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [57, 88]}, {"entity": "Dani California", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [111, 178]}, {"entity": "Dani California", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [181, 196]}, {"entity": "Best Boxed Or Special Limited Edition Package", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [201, 246]}, {"entity": "Best Producer", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [253, 266]}, {"entity": "Rick Rubin", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [269, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muse released another live DVD on 12 December 2005 , Absolution Tour , containing edited and remastered highlights from their Glastonbury performance unseen footage from their performances at London Earls Court Exhibition Centre , Wembley Arena , and the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muse", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Absolution Tour", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "Glastonbury", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [192, 198]}, {"entity": "Earls Court Exhibition Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 228]}, {"entity": "Wembley Arena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [231, 244]}, {"entity": "Wiltern Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [255, 270]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [274, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band released four albums : Styx I ( 1972 ) , Styx II ( 1973 ) , The Serpent Is Rising ( 1973 ) , and Man of Miracles ( 1974 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Styx I", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Styx II", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "The Serpent Is Rising", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [69, 90]}, {"entity": "Man of Miracles", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nirvana occasionally played cover songs by these bands , including Led Zeppelin 's Heartbreaker , Moby Dick and Immigrant Song , Black Sabbath 's Hand of Doom , and Kiss ' Do You Love Me ? and wrote the Incesticide song Aero Zeppelin as a tribute to Led Zeppelin and Aerosmith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nirvana", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Led Zeppelin", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Heartbreaker", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Moby Dick", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Immigrant Song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "Black Sabbath", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Hand of Doom", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "Kiss ' Do You Love Me ?", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [165, 188]}, {"entity": "Incesticide", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [203, 214]}, {"entity": "Aero Zeppelin", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [220, 233]}, {"entity": "Led Zeppelin", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [250, 262]}, {"entity": "Aerosmith", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [267, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It ranges from the combination of live instrumentation with the beats of jazz house ( as exemplified by St Germain , Jazzanova , and Fila Brazillia ) to more band-based improvised jazz with electronic elements ( for example , The Cinematic Orchestra , Kobol and the Norwegian future jazz style pioneered by Bugge Wesseltoft , Jaga Jazzist , and Nils Petter Molvær ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "jazz house", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "St Germain", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Jazzanova", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "Fila Brazillia", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [180, 184]}, {"entity": "The Cinematic Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [226, 249]}, {"entity": "Kobol", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [252, 257]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [266, 275]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [283, 287]}, {"entity": "Bugge Wesseltoft", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [307, 323]}, {"entity": "Jaga Jazzist", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [326, 338]}, {"entity": "Nils Petter Molvær", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [345, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Os Mutantes ( meaning the mutants ; ) are an influential Brazilian Rock music band that were linked with the Tropicália movement , a dissident musical movement during the Brazilian dictatorship of the late 1960s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Os Mutantes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "Tropicália", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinct from Afrobeat is Afrobeats - a sound originating in West Africa in the 21st century , one which takes in diverse influences and is an eclectic combination of genres such as British house music , hiplife , hip hop , dancehall , Soca music , Jùjú music , highlife , Rhythm and blues , Ndombolo , Naija beats , Azonto , and Palm-wine music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afrobeat", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Afrobeats", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "West Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "house music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "hiplife", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [204, 211]}, {"entity": "hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "dancehall", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "Soca music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [236, 246]}, {"entity": "Jùjú music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [249, 259]}, {"entity": "highlife", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [262, 270]}, {"entity": "Rhythm and blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [273, 289]}, {"entity": "Ndombolo", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [292, 300]}, {"entity": "Naija beats", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [303, 314]}, {"entity": "Azonto", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [317, 323]}, {"entity": "Palm-wine music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [330, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Priories may be houses of mendicant friar s or nun s ( such as the Dominican Order , Augustinians , Franciscans , and Carmelites , for instance ) , or monasteries of monk s or nun s ( as with the Benedictines ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dominican Order", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "Augustinians", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Franciscans", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Carmelites", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "Benedictines", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [196, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with one other Original Six indoor ice hockey arena , the Boston Garden , the Montreal Forum used a high-pitched siren to signal the end of an NHL game 's period - the siren would later be re-installed in the Forum 's successor facility , the Bell Centre ( and still in use there ) , much as the TD Garden in Boston inherited the lower-pitched Garden 's siren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Montreal Forum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "NHL game", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Forum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "Bell Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [249, 260]}, {"entity": "TD Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [302, 311]}, {"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [315, 321]}, {"entity": "Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [350, 356]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 2014 Brit Awards on 19 February , Bowie became the oldest recipient of a Brit Awards in the ceremony 's history when he won the award for Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist , which was collected on his behalf by Kate Moss .", "entity": [{"entity": "2014 Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Bowie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Brit Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 184]}, {"entity": "Kate Moss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [224, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began a long-running DJ residency at London 's Met Bar in 2003 , playing a mix of House music and Hip hop music , and has gone on to become a renowned DJ over recent years , performing sets at Cielo New York and Pacha Ibiza .", "entity": [{"entity": "London 's Met Bar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "House music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "Cielo New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [196, 210]}, {"entity": "Pacha Ibiza", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [215, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other artists such as Brooks and Dunn ( Boot Scootin ' Boogie ) also combined conventional country with slick , rock elements , while Lorrie Morgan , Mary Chapin Carpenter , and Kathy Mattea updated neotraditionalist styles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooks and Dunn", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "Boot Scootin ' Boogie", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [40, 61]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Lorrie Morgan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Mary Chapin Carpenter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [150, 171]}, {"entity": "Kathy Mattea", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About the musical style of the album Pitchfork writer Joe Tangari wrote that Generation Terrorists walked a weird line between agit- Punk rock , cock rock , romantic melodicism and Glam rock , and was so obviously patterned after the Clash 's London Calling that it was actually kind of cute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pitchfork", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Joe Tangari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Generation Terrorists", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [77, 98]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "cock rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "romantic melodicism", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [157, 176]}, {"entity": "Glam rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "Clash", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [234, 239]}, {"entity": "London Calling", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [243, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995 Arena was nominated in six categories and won four trophies : ARIA Award for Best Pop Release and Song of the Year for Chains ; and ARIA Award for Album of the Year and ARIA Award for Best Female Artist for Don 't Ask . ARIA Music Awards for Tina Arena :", "entity": [{"entity": "ARIA Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "Arena", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "ARIA Award for Best Pop Release", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [95, 126]}, {"entity": "Song of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [131, 147]}, {"entity": "Chains", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "ARIA Award for Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [165, 197]}, {"entity": "ARIA Award for Best Female Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [202, 235]}, {"entity": "Don 't Ask", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [240, 250]}, {"entity": "ARIA Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [253, 270]}, {"entity": "Tina Arena", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [275, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2019 , Cayabyab composed the theme song for the 2019 Southeast Asian Games , We Win as One ; with lyrics by playwright Floy Quintos , and sung by Lea Salonga .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cayabyab", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "2019 Southeast Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [51, 77]}, {"entity": "We Win as One", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Floy Quintos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Lea Salonga", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1984 New York Times article on the emerging aesthetic acknowledged cowpunk as one of several catch-all terms critics were using to categorize the Country music -influenced music of otherwise unrelated Punk rock and New wave music bands .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "cowpunk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "New wave music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [217, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brooks and Dunn have more Country Music Association awards and Academy of Country Music awards than any act in the history of country music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooks and Dunn", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [26, 58]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [63, 94]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Byrne has contributed songs to five AIDS benefit compilation albums produced by the Red Hot Organization : Red Hot + Blue : A Tribute to Cole Porter , Red Hot + Rio , Silencio = Muerte : Red Hot + Latin , Onda Sonora : Red Hot + Lisbon , and Offbeat : A Red Hot Soundtrip .", "entity": [{"entity": "Byrne", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Red Hot Organization", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [84, 104]}, {"entity": "Red Hot + Blue : A Tribute to Cole Porter", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [107, 148]}, {"entity": "Red Hot + Rio", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "Silencio = Muerte : Red Hot + Latin", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [167, 202]}, {"entity": "Onda Sonora : Red Hot + Lisbon", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [205, 235]}, {"entity": "Offbeat : A Red Hot Soundtrip", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [242, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three UEFA Euro 2012 Group D matches , a quarter-final and the final were scheduled for here ( with the other matches in Group D being played at the Donbass Arena ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Euro 2012 Group D", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 28]}, {"entity": "Donbass Arena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also collected in Moldavia , Wallachia , and ( in 1913 ) Algeria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moldavia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Wallachia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other influential folk artists include Surinder Shinda - famous for his Putt Jattan De - Harbhajan Mann , Manmohan Waris , Meshi Eshara , Sarbjit Cheema , Hans Raj Hans , Sardool Sikander , Anakhi .", "entity": [{"entity": "folk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Surinder Shinda", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Putt Jattan De", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Harbhajan Mann", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Manmohan Waris", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "Meshi Eshara", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Sarbjit Cheema", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Hans Raj Hans", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "Sardool Sikander", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [171, 187]}, {"entity": "Anakhi", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received seven Academy Award nominations , winning the Academy Award for Best Actress Oscar for Spacek , a gold album for the soundtrack album , a Grammy nomination for Spacek , Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music awards , and several Golden Globe awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [64, 94]}, {"entity": "Spacek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Grammy nomination", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [156, 173]}, {"entity": "Spacek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [187, 212]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [217, 248]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [263, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional power metal bands like Sweden 's HammerFall , England 's DragonForce , and America 's Iced Earth have a sound clearly indebted to the classic NWOBHM style.See , e.g. , Reesman Bryan .", "entity": [{"entity": "power metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "HammerFall", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "DragonForce", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Iced Earth", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "NWOBHM", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "Reesman Bryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other songs from 2015 like I Don 't Like It , I Love It by Flo Rida , Adventure of a Lifetime by Coldplay , Back Together by Robin Thicke and Levels by Nick Jonas feature disco elements as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Don 't Like It , I Love It", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [27, 55]}, {"entity": "Flo Rida", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Adventure of a Lifetime", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "Coldplay", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Back Together", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "Robin Thicke", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "Levels", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Nick Jonas", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's biggest hit singles are Sentimental ballad such as Easy , Three Times a Lady , and Nightshift ; and funky dance hits which include Brick House , Fancy Dancer , Lady ( You Bring Me Up ) , and Too Hot ta Trot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sentimental ballad", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "Easy", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "Three Times a Lady", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Nightshift", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "funky", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "Brick House", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "Fancy Dancer", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [157, 169]}, {"entity": "Lady", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [172, 176]}, {"entity": "You Bring Me Up", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [179, 194]}, {"entity": "Too Hot ta Trot", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [203, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , Illinois Jacquet , Ray Pizzi , Frank Tiberi , and Marshall Allen have both doubled on bassoon in addition to their saxophone performances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois Jacquet", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "Ray Pizzi", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Frank Tiberi", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Marshall Allen", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "bassoon", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "saxophone", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influenced by 1960s rhythm and blues , Soul music , Bluegrass music , and Rock music bands such as the Byrds and Buffalo Springfield ,", "entity": [{"entity": "rhythm and blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "Soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "the Byrds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Buffalo Springfield", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [113, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hailed as a great innovator of rock and roll by contemporaries such as Little Richard and Johnny Otis , He is also inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame , the Clarksdale Walk of Fame , the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame , the Blues Hall of Fame , and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hailed", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "rock and roll", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Little Richard", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Johnny Otis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "St. Louis Walk of Fame", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [133, 155]}, {"entity": "Clarksdale Walk of Fame", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [162, 185]}, {"entity": "Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [192, 226]}, {"entity": "Blues Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [233, 251]}, {"entity": "Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [262, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the 1990s , country music had attained crossover success in the pop charts , with artists like James Blundell and James Reyne singing The Dingoes , and country star Kasey Chambers winning the ARIA Award for Best Female Artist in 2000 , 2002 and 2004 , tying with pop stars Wendy Matthews and Sia for the most wins in that category .", "entity": [{"entity": "country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "James Blundell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "James Reyne", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "The Dingoes", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "Kasey Chambers", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [168, 182]}, {"entity": "ARIA Award for Best Female Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [195, 228]}, {"entity": "pop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [266, 269]}, {"entity": "Wendy Matthews", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [276, 290]}, {"entity": "Sia", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [295, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Ice Cube made a cameo appearance in Dr. Dre 's Let Me Ride video in 1993 , the two recorded the hit song Natural Born Killaz for Snoop Doggy Dogg ' s 1994 short film and soundtrack Murder Was the Case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ice Cube", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "Dr. Dre", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Let Me Ride", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "Natural Born Killaz", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "Snoop Doggy Dogg", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "Murder Was the Case", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [187, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian Wilson , Dennis Wilson , and Carl Wilson , their cousin Mike Love , and their friend Al Jardine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Dennis Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Carl Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Mike Love", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "Al Jardine", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The station broadcast Christian feature stories , preaching and teaching to various fundamentalist and Pentecostal denominations and playing Traditional black gospel , Southern gospel , and inspirational music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "fundamentalist", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Pentecostal denominations", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [103, 128]}, {"entity": "Traditional black gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [141, 165]}, {"entity": "Southern gospel", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [168, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clooney lists 9 hotels including The Dorchester , 45 Park Lane , Coworth Park , The Beverly Hills Hotel , Hotel Bel-Air , Le Meurice , Hotel Plaza Athenee , Hotel Eden and Hotel Principe di Savoia and asks readers to consider how we are putting money directly into the pockets of men who choose to stone and whip to death their own citizens for being gay or accused of adultery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "The Dorchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "45 Park Lane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Coworth Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "The Beverly Hills Hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 103]}, {"entity": "Hotel Bel-Air", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "Le Meurice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "Hotel Plaza Athenee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "Hotel Eden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 167]}, {"entity": "Hotel Principe di Savoia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2019 Ulvaeus worked with Swedish songwriter Andreas Carlsson to arrange an English dub of Tomas Ledin jukebox musical film En del av mitt hjärta ( English : A Piece of My Heart ) directed by Edward af Sillén .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ulvaeus", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Swedish", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Andreas Carlsson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Tomas Ledin", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "jukebox musical", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "En del av mitt hjärta", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [126, 147]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "A Piece of My Heart", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [160, 179]}, {"entity": "Edward af Sillén", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to recording , Dylan previewed the songs that would constitute Blood on the Tracks for a number of friends in the music world , including David Crosby , Graham Nash , Stephen Stills , Tim Drummond and Peter Rowan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dylan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Blood on the Tracks", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "David Crosby", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Graham Nash", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "Stephen Stills", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "Tim Drummond", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [190, 202]}, {"entity": "Peter Rowan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [207, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their third album , Inhuman Rampage ( 2006 ) , was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) ; its lead single , Through the Fire and Flames , is their best-known song , and was featured in several video games , including Guitar Hero III : Legends of Rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inhuman Rampage", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Recording Industry Association of America", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [73, 114]}, {"entity": "RIAA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "British Phonographic Industry", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [132, 161]}, {"entity": "BPI", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "Through the Fire and Flames", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [190, 217]}, {"entity": "Guitar Hero III : Legends of Rock", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [299, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medeski Martin & amp ; Wood , Robert Randolph & amp ; the Family Band , Galactic , Widespread Panic , Jam Underground , Diazpora , Soulive , and Karl Denson 's Tiny Universe all drew heavily from the funk tradition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Medeski Martin & amp ; Wood", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Robert Randolph & amp ; the Family Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [30, 69]}, {"entity": "Galactic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Widespread Panic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Jam Underground", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "Diazpora", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "Soulive", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Karl Denson 's Tiny Universe", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [145, 173]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [200, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She represented America in the opening ceremony of 2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games singing the song I Know I Can , and in the opening ceremony of Expo 2010 Shanghai China , singing the song Better City , Better Life with Jon B. , both songs which she co-wrote with Quincy Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [51, 91]}, {"entity": "I Know I Can", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Expo 2010 Shanghai China", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [155, 179]}, {"entity": "Better City , Better Life", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [199, 224]}, {"entity": "Jon B.", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "Quincy Jones", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [274, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Huey of AllMusic said that the band 's earlier Punk rock influences are rarely detectable , replaced by surprisingly effective appropriations of Pop music and psychedelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Huey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AllMusic", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "psychedelia", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delta blues was also an inspiration for the creation of British skiffle music , from which eventually came the British invasion bands , while simultaneously influencing British blues , which led to the birth of early hard rock and Heavy metal music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "skiffle music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "British invasion", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "British blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "hard rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [217, 226]}, {"entity": "Heavy metal music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [231, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finn has recorded four solo albums , Try Whistling This ( 1998 ) , One Nil ( 2001 ) , Dizzy Heights ( 2014 ) , and Out of Silence ( 2017 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finn", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Try Whistling This", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "One Nil", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Dizzy Heights", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Out of Silence", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [115, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also won two Grammy Award s for Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance , and in 2019 the band were presented a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [42, 81]}, {"entity": "Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [122, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A breakthrough came when Van Damm began to incorporate glamorous nude females on stage , inspired by the Folies Bergère and Moulin Rouge in Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Damm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Folies Bergère", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "Moulin Rouge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1993 , Jimmy Webb has produced five critically acclaimed solo albums : Suspending Disbelief ( 1993 ) , Ten Easy Pieces ( 1996 ) , Twilight of the Renegades ( 2005 ) , Just Across the River ( 2010 ) , and Still Within the Sound of My Voice ( 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Webb", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "solo albums", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Suspending Disbelief", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "Ten Easy Pieces", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "Twilight of the Renegades", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [136, 161]}, {"entity": "Just Across the River", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [173, 194]}, {"entity": "Still Within the Sound of My Voice", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [210, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the time he released his debut album 2Pacalypse Now in 1991 , he had become a central figure in West Coast hip hop , introducing social issues in the genre at a time when gangsta rap was dominant in the mainstream .", "entity": [{"entity": "2Pacalypse Now", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "West Coast hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "gangsta rap", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [174, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crust punk groups , such as Antisect , Sacrilege and Anti System took some influence from early black metal bands like Venom , Hellhammer , and Celtic Frost , In addition , Norwegian band Darkthrone have incorporated crust punk traits in their more recent material .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crust punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Antisect", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Sacrilege", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Anti System", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "early black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "Venom", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Hellhammer", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Celtic Frost", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "Darkthrone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [188, 198]}, {"entity": "crust punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [217, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brad Shoup of Stereogum surmised that , thanks to the Ramones ' praise for the group , many punk , pop punk , or punk-adjacent artists showed influence from the Beach Boys , noting cover versions of the band 's songs recorded by Slickee Boys , Agent Orange , Bad Religion , Shonen Knife , the Queers , Hi-Standard , the Descendents , the Donnas , M.O.D. , and the Vandals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brad Shoup", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Stereogum", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Ramones", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "pop punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "punk-adjacent", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "the Beach Boys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Slickee Boys", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [229, 241]}, {"entity": "Agent Orange", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [244, 256]}, {"entity": "Bad Religion", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [259, 271]}, {"entity": "Shonen Knife", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [274, 286]}, {"entity": "the Queers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [289, 299]}, {"entity": "Hi-Standard", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [302, 313]}, {"entity": "the Descendents", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [316, 331]}, {"entity": "the Donnas", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [334, 344]}, {"entity": "M.O.D.", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [347, 353]}, {"entity": "the Vandals", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [360, 371]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also serves on the board of People for the American Way , and volunteers at Amnesty International and Citymeals-on-Wheels .", "entity": [{"entity": "People for the American Way", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [32, 59]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "Citymeals-on-Wheels", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [106, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pioneered by black-doom bands like Ophthalamia , Katatonia , Bethlehem , Forgotten Tomb and Shining , depressive suicidal black metal , also known as suicidal black metal , depressive black metal or DSBM , is a style that melds the second wave -style of black metal with doom metal ,", "entity": [{"entity": "black-doom", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Ophthalamia", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "Katatonia", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Bethlehem", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Forgotten Tomb", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "Shining", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "depressive suicidal black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [102, 133]}, {"entity": "suicidal black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "depressive black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "DSBM", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "black metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [254, 265]}, {"entity": "doom metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [271, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third UK tour for 2017 / 2018 opened at the Curve in Leicester , and also toured to the Birmingham Hippodrome , the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre in Dublin , the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff , the Edinburgh Festival Theatre , the Mayflower Theatre in Southampton and the Palace Theatre in Manchester .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "Curve", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Leicester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Birmingham Hippodrome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "Bord Gáis Energy Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 142]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "Wales Millennium Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 182]}, {"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh Festival Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 226]}, {"entity": "Mayflower Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 250]}, {"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [254, 265]}, {"entity": "Palace Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [274, 288]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [292, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz first tried , and then Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II attempted , but gave up and Hammerstein told Lerner , Pygmalion had no subplot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Schwartz", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Howard Dietz", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Richard Rodgers", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Oscar Hammerstein II", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "Hammerstein", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "Lerner", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Pygmalion", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Bentum competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for her native country , starting in Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Bentum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "1980 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [110, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morissette assumed creative control and producing duties for her subsequent studio albums , including Under Rug Swept ( 2002 ) , So-Called Chaos ( 2004 ) , and Flavors of Entanglement ( 2008 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morissette", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Under Rug Swept", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "So-Called Chaos", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Flavors of Entanglement", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [160, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also recorded jazz , such as The Great Ray Charles ( 1957 ) and worked with vibraphonist Milt Jackson , releasing Soul Brothers in 1958 and Soul Meeting in 1961 .", "entity": [{"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "The Great Ray Charles", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Milt Jackson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Soul Brothers", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Soul Meeting", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The groups which made up the Native Tongues Posse tended toward jazzy releases : these include the Jungle Brothers ' debut Straight Out the Jungle ( 1988 ) , and A Tribe Called Quest ' s People 's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm ( 1990 ) and The Low End Theory ( 1991 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Native Tongues Posse", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "jazzy", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Jungle Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "Straight Out the Jungle", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [123, 146]}, {"entity": "A Tribe Called Quest", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [162, 182]}, {"entity": "People 's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [187, 240]}, {"entity": "The Low End Theory", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [254, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music arose as a synthesis of traditional Creole music , some Cajun music influences , and African-American traditions , including Rhythm and blues , blues , jazz , and Gospel music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Creole music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Cajun music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "African-American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Rhythm and blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "Gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyngstad returned to the recording studio in 2010 to record vocals for the Cat Stevens song Morning Has Broken , for Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius ' s album Reconnection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyngstad", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Cat Stevens", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "Morning Has Broken", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "Swedish", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "Georg Wadenius", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Reconnection", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [160, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was a commercial disappointment compared to the band 's previous effort , though it charted generally high at # 5 in the United Kingdom and Germany , # 7 on the Austria n and Switzerland music charts and # 8 in Norway .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [221, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Returning to his solo work , Iommi enlisted bassist Dave Spitz ( ex- Great White ) , drummer Eric Singer and initially intended to use multiple singers , including Rob Halford of Judas Priest , former Deep Purple and Trapeze vocalist Glenn Hughes , and former Sabbath vocalist Ronnie James Dio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iommi", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Dave Spitz", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Great White", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Eric Singer", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Rob Halford", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "Judas Priest", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [179, 191]}, {"entity": "Deep Purple", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [201, 212]}, {"entity": "Trapeze", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [217, 224]}, {"entity": "Glenn Hughes", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [234, 246]}, {"entity": "Sabbath", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [260, 267]}, {"entity": "Ronnie James Dio", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [277, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This scene and the associated dances and fashions quickly spread to other UK dancehalls and nightclubs like the Chateau Impney ( Droitwich ) , Catacombs ( Wolverhampton ) , the Highland Rooms at Blackpool Mecca , Golden Torch ( Stoke-on-Trent ) and Wigan Casino .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Chateau Impney", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "Droitwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "Catacombs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "Wolverhampton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "Highland Rooms", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "Blackpool Mecca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [195, 210]}, {"entity": "Golden Torch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [213, 225]}, {"entity": "Stoke-on-Trent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 242]}, {"entity": "Wigan Casino", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [249, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exceptions to this scheme were the band 's fourth album , a live boxed set entitled Chicago at Carnegie Hall , their twelfth album Hot Streets , and the Arabic-numbered Chicago 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago at Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [88, 112]}, {"entity": "Hot Streets", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "Chicago 13", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deacon Blue also performed at the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony on 3 August 2014 , performing their hit , Dignity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deacon Blue", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "2014 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "Dignity", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band released seven studio albums between 1994 and 2005 : Sleater-Kinney ( 1995 ) , Call the Doctor ( 1996 ) , Dig Me Out ( 1997 ) , The Hot Rock ( 1999 ) , All Hands on the Bad One ( 2000 ) , One Beat ( 2002 ) and The Woods ( 2005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sleater-Kinney", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "Call the Doctor", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Dig Me Out", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "The Hot Rock", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "All Hands on the Bad One", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [161, 185]}, {"entity": "One Beat", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "The Woods", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was nominated for Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Costume Design , Academy Award for Best Original Score and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Costume Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [46, 83]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [86, 123]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [128, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hosted the television show Gastank , and recorded his first of several New-age music , ambient , and Christian music albums with Country Airs ( 1986 ) and The Gospels ( 1987 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastank", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "New-age music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "ambient", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Christian music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "Country Airs", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "The Gospels", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavily based in soul music , neo soul is distinguished by a less conventional sound than its contemporary R & B counterpart , with incorporated elements ranging from jazz , funk , Hip hop music and Electronic music to Pop music , Jazz fusion , and African music .", "entity": [{"entity": "soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "neo soul", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "R & B", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "jazz", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "Electronic music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [199, 215]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [219, 228]}, {"entity": "Jazz fusion", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [231, 242]}, {"entity": "African music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [249, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Locust , from San Diego , In Los Angeles , Hole also initially drew influence from grindcore in their early releases , particularly on their singles Dicknail and Teenage Whore , as well as on their debut album , Pretty on the Inside ( 1991 ) , { { cite AV media notes", "entity": [{"entity": "The Locust", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Hole", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "grindcore", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Dicknail", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "Teenage Whore", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "Pretty on the Inside", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [216, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In English skiffle bands , Australia n and New Zealand bush band s and South Africa n kwela bands , the same sort of bass has a tea chest as a resonator .", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "skiffle", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "bush", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "kwela", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "tea chest", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in Major Minus and Hurts Like Heaven , both from the album Mylo Xyloto ( 2011 ) , Chris Martin ' s vocals are mostly vocoder-processed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major Minus", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Hurts Like Heaven", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "Mylo Xyloto", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Chris Martin", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major artists of the Texas style are Johnny Winter , Stevie Ray Vaughan , the The Fabulous Thunderbirds ( led by harmonica player and singer-songwriter Kim Wilson ) , and ZZ Top .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas style", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Johnny Winter", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "Stevie Ray Vaughan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "The Fabulous Thunderbirds", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [78, 103]}, {"entity": "harmonica", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "Kim Wilson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "ZZ Top", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recipient of many awards and honors , she is one of the few entertainers to have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Academy Awards , and a Tony Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked with Berlin State Opera ; La Scala , Milan ; Royal Opera Stockholm ; the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden , Chorégies d 'Orange and Houston Grand Opera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin State Opera", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "La Scala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Royal Opera Stockholm", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "Royal Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Covent Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Chorégies d 'Orange", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "Houston Grand Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable recital engagements have included her Carnegie Hall debut and performances at the Kennedy Center , Symphony Center , Symphony Hall , Barbican Centre , Philharmonie , and Concertgebouw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Kennedy Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Symphony Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Symphony Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Barbican Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Philharmonie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 171]}, {"entity": "Concertgebouw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the recipient of numerous accolades , including a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor and nominations for a Tony Award , an Academy Awards , two Primetime Emmy Award s and five Golden Globe Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 97]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [157, 177]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [189, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this era , Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5 , and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music , including older disco records , newer Italo disco and electro funk tracks , B-boy hip hop music by Man Parrish , Jellybean Benitez , Arthur Baker and John Robie as well as Electropop music by Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Hot Mix 5", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "Ron Hardy", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "Frankie Knuckles", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "dance music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "Italo disco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [171, 182]}, {"entity": "electro funk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [187, 199]}, {"entity": "hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [215, 228]}, {"entity": "Man Parrish", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [232, 243]}, {"entity": "Jellybean Benitez", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [246, 263]}, {"entity": "Arthur Baker", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [266, 278]}, {"entity": "John Robie", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [283, 293]}, {"entity": "Electropop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [305, 315]}, {"entity": "music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [316, 321]}, {"entity": "Kraftwerk", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [325, 334]}, {"entity": "Yellow Magic Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [339, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine Inch Nails covered the song Metal on The Fragile remix album Things Falling Apart as did Afrika Bambaataa ( with Numan himself ) on the album Dark Matter Moving at the Speed of Light .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nine Inch Nails", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Metal", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "The Fragile", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Things Falling Apart", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "Afrika Bambaataa", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Numan", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "Dark Matter Moving at the Speed of Light", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [147, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goodness toured extensively all over the world , supporting such acts as Pearl Jam , Cheap Trick , and Oasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goodness", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Pearl Jam", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Cheap Trick", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Oasis", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared on several Jack Bruce albums , including A Question of Time , Cities of the Heart , Monkjack and More Jack than God .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "A Question of Time", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "Cities of the Heart", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "Monkjack", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "More Jack than God", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes it is taken to include Greenland and historically the Baltic countries of Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Baltic countries", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "Estonia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Latvia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Lithuania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lent active support to several philanthropic endeavours such as the library at St. Mary 's School , Mumbai , Bombay Hospital , Child Rights and You , Save the Children and ALMA .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Mary 's School", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "Mumbai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Bombay Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "Child Rights and You", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "Save the Children", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [153, 170]}, {"entity": "ALMA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a fellow , examiner , lecturer , committee and council member of the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing , life member of the Royal Academy of Dance , and Honorary MA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [77, 116]}, {"entity": "Royal Academy of Dance", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [138, 160]}, {"entity": "Honorary MA", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to Parliament Funkadelic , artists like Sly and the Family Stone , Rufus & Chaka Khan , Bootsy 's Rubber Band , the Isley Brothers , Ohio Players , Con Funk Shun , Kool and the Gang , the Bar-Kays , Commodores , Roy Ayers , and Stevie Wonder , among others , were successful in getting radio play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parliament Funkadelic", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "Sly and the Family Stone", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "Rufus & Chaka Khan", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "Bootsy 's Rubber Band", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [100, 121]}, {"entity": "Isley Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "Ohio Players", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Con Funk Shun", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "Kool and the Gang", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [176, 193]}, {"entity": "the Bar-Kays", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [196, 208]}, {"entity": "Commodores", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [211, 221]}, {"entity": "Roy Ayers", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "Stevie Wonder", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [240, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electropop is a music genre combining elements of Electronic music and Pop music genres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electropop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Electronic music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to that , in 1999 , he became the undisputed light heavyweight champion by unifying the WBA , World Boxing Council , and International Boxing Federation titles .", "entity": [{"entity": "WBA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "World Boxing Council", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [100, 120]}, {"entity": "International Boxing Federation", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [127, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After attaining mainstream success , Cobain became a devoted champion of lesser known indie bands , covering songs by The Vaselines , Meat Puppets , Wipers and Fang onstage and / or in the studio , wearing Daniel Johnston T-shirts during photo shoots , having the K Records logo tattooed on his forearm , and enlisting bands like Butthole Surfers , Shonen Knife , Chokebore and Half Japanese along for the In Utero tour in late 1993 and early 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobain", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "The Vaselines", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Meat Puppets", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Wipers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "Fang", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "Daniel Johnston", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [206, 221]}, {"entity": "K Records", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [264, 273]}, {"entity": "Butthole Surfers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [330, 346]}, {"entity": "Shonen Knife", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [349, 361]}, {"entity": "Chokebore", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [364, 373]}, {"entity": "Half Japanese", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [378, 391]}, {"entity": "In Utero", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [406, 414]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grammer has won five Primetime Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , one Daytime Emmy Award and one Tony Award ; additionally , he has also worked as a television producer , director , and writer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammer", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "Golden Globe Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Daytime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "Tony Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has won four Academy Awards , one for Academy Award for Best Director , and three for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [41, 72]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swamp blues has a laid-back , slow tempo , and generally is a more rhythmic variation of Louisiana blues , incorporating influences from New Orleans blues , zydeco , soul music and Cajun music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swamp blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Louisiana blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "New Orleans blues", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "zydeco", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [157, 163]}, {"entity": "soul music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "Cajun music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [181, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The groups released albums such as Maggot Brain ( 1971 ) , Mothership Connection ( 1975 ) , and One Nation Under a Groove ( 1978 ) to critical praise , and scored charting hits with singles such as Give Up the Funk ( 1976 ) , One Nation Under a Groove ( 1978 ) , and Flash Light ( 1978 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maggot Brain", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Mothership Connection", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "One Nation Under a Groove", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "Give Up the Funk", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [198, 214]}, {"entity": "One Nation Under a Groove", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [226, 251]}, {"entity": "Flash Light", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [267, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards : Tony Award for Best Musical , Tony Award for Best Scenic Design , and Tony Award for Best Lighting Design , winning the latter two .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Musical", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Scenic Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [80, 113]}, {"entity": "Tony Award for Best Lighting Design", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [120, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rain Man won four Academy Awards , including Academy Award for Best Picture , Academy Award for Best Actor for Hoffman , and Academy Award for Best Director for Barry Levinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rain Man", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [45, 75]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 106]}, {"entity": "Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [125, 156]}, {"entity": "Barry Levinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his work in the Western film Unforgiven ( 1992 ) and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby ( 2004 ) , Eastwood won Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture , as well as receiving nominations for Academy Award for Best Actor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Unforgiven", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Million Dollar Baby", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "Eastwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Academy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Director", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 168]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Picture", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [173, 203]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Actor", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [243, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1970 releases by Black Sabbath ( Black Sabbath and Paranoid ) and Deep Purple ( In Rock ) were crucial in this regard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Sabbath", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Black Sabbath", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "Paranoid", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Deep Purple", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "In Rock", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the height of their fame during the 1970s , the band popularized the Southern rock genre with songs such as Sweet Home Alabama and Free Bird .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Sweet Home Alabama", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "Free Bird", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others , including San Francisco Bay Area 's Testament and Exodus , New Jersey 's Overkill , and Brazil 's Sepultura and Sarcófago , also had a significant impact .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "Testament", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Exodus", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Overkill", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "Sepultura", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "Sarcófago", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The top 20 also included LPs by The Velvet Underground , The Ramones , Pulp , Misty in Roots , Nirvana , Neil Young , Pink Floyd , The Four Brothers , Dave Clarke , Richard and Linda Thompson and The Rolling Stones .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPs", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "The Velvet Underground", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [32, 54]}, {"entity": "The Ramones", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Pulp", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "Misty in Roots", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "Nirvana", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Neil Young", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Pink Floyd", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "The Four Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "Dave Clarke", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "Richard and Linda Thompson", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [165, 191]}, {"entity": "The Rolling Stones", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [196, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitin Mishra came up with contemporary storylines like ' Hum Honge Kamyaab ' in 2010 , which was his take on the controversies attached with the 2010 Commonwealth Games conducted in India in 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitin Mishra", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Hum Honge Kamyaab", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [145, 168]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [182, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "... Baby One More Time earned Spears Grammy Award nominations for Grammy Award for Best New Artist and Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for ... Baby One More Time at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baby One More Time", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [66, 98]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [103, 153]}, {"entity": "Baby One More Time", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "42nd Annual Grammy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [188, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current general music director of the Berlin State Opera and the Staatskapelle Berlin , Barenboim previously served as Music Director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Orchestre de Paris and La Scala in Milan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin State Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "Staatskapelle Berlin", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "Barenboim", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Chicago Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [145, 171]}, {"entity": "Orchestre de Paris", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [178, 196]}, {"entity": "La Scala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 209]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [213, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Building on the distorted electric guitar sound of early records , his 1958 instrumental hit Rumble by Link Wray & His Ray Men popularized the power chord , the major modus operandi of modern Rock music guitarists , facilitating the emergence of Punk rock and Hard rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "electric guitar", "entity_type": "musical instrument", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Rumble", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Link Wray & His Ray Men", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [103, 126]}, {"entity": "power chord", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "modus operandi", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [167, 181]}, {"entity": "Rock music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [192, 202]}, {"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [246, 255]}, {"entity": "Hard rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [260, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , he wrote the music for the Sestriere FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1997 opening ceremony of 1997 including the official anthem , incidental music for stage productions , and a film score .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sestriere", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1997", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [51, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "format = Country music , Bluegrass music , Gospel music |", "entity": [{"entity": "Country music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Bluegrass music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "Gospel music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreman wrote Melbourne Girl for the Closing Ceremony of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester , UK which was performed by Vanessa Amorosi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melbourne Girl", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 84]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "Vanessa Amorosi", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [127, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , McBride has the Country Music Association ' s Female Vocalist of the Year award four times ( tied with Reba McEntire for the second-most wins ) and the Academy of Country Music ' s Top Female Vocalist award three times .", "entity": [{"entity": "McBride", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [30, 55]}, {"entity": "Female Vocalist of the Year award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 93]}, {"entity": "Reba McEntire", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [166, 190]}, {"entity": "Top Female Vocalist award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [195, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boogie Down Productions was a Hip hop music group , originally composed of KRS-One , D-Nice , and DJ Scott La Rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boogie Down Productions", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "KRS-One", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "D-Nice", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "DJ", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Scott La Rock", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The track was used for the entrance of Team Scotland during the opening ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games at Celtic Park in Glasgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Team Scotland", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "2014 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "Celtic Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parton recorded a series of bluegrass -inspired albums , beginning with The Grass Is Blue ( 1999 ) , winning a Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album ; and Little Sparrow ( 2001 ) , with its cover of Collective Soul ' s Shine winning a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parton", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "bluegrass", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "The Grass Is Blue", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [111, 148]}, {"entity": "Little Sparrow", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [155, 169]}, {"entity": "Collective Soul", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [199, 214]}, {"entity": "Shine", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [235, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Doors incorporated Asturias into their song Spanish Caravan ; also , Iron Maiden ' s Piece of Mind uses the introduction of the piece for the song bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Doors", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Asturias", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Spanish Caravan", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Iron Maiden", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Piece of Mind", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boogie-woogie was pioneered by the Chicago-based Jimmy Yancey and the Boogie-Woogie Trio ( Albert Ammons , Pete Johnson and Meade Lux Lewis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boogie-woogie", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Chicago-based", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Yancey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Boogie-Woogie Trio", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Albert Ammons", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "Pete Johnson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Meade Lux Lewis", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was a reaction to the 1980s flow of hip hop culture from New York City and the Los Angeles area and can be considered a third major American hip hop genre , after East Coast hip hop and West Coast hip hop .", "entity": [{"entity": "hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "East Coast hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [173, 191]}, {"entity": "West Coast hip hop", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [196, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hathaway currently serves on the board of the Lollipop Theatre Network and is involved with charities Creative Coalition , St. Jude Children 's Research Hospital and the Human Rights Campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hathaway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Lollipop Theatre Network", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [46, 70]}, {"entity": "Creative Coalition", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "St. Jude Children 's Research Hospital", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [123, 161]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Campaign", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [170, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O 'Connell co-hosted the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants with Bob Barker from 1972 to 1980 and was nominated for an Emmy award in 1976 for her coverage of the Miss Universe pageant .", "entity": [{"entity": "O 'Connell", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Miss USA", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Miss Universe", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Bob Barker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Emmy award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "Miss Universe", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [163, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sosa performed in venues such as the Lincoln Center in New York City , the Théâtre Mogador in Paris and the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City , as well as sell-out shows in New York 's Carnegie Hall and the Roman Colosseum during her final decade of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sosa", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Théâtre Mogador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Sistine Chapel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "Vatican City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "Roman Colosseum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [204, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the 1970s through the 1990s , Terry performed at Carnegie Hall , Town Hall , and Lincoln Center , toured with the Newport Jazz All Stars and Jazz at the Philharmonic , and was featured with Skitch Henderson ' s New York Pops Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Town Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "Lincoln Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "Newport Jazz All Stars", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Jazz at the Philharmonic", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [146, 170]}, {"entity": "Skitch Henderson", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [195, 211]}, {"entity": "New York Pops Orchestra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the early 20th century , the United States had become a major center for folk music from around the world , including polka , Ukrainian and Polish fiddling , Ashkenazi , Klezmer , and several kinds of Latin music .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "folk music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "polka", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "Ukrainian", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "Polish fiddling", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [143, 158]}, {"entity": "Ashkenazi", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Klezmer", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "Latin music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [204, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Chamberlain left DA in late 1983 , he did return on a few later albums including MotorCycle ( 1993 ) ( which he co-produced ) , BibleLand ( 1994 ) and Songs of the Heart ( 1995 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chamberlain", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "MotorCycle", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "BibleLand", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Songs of the Heart", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [160, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 2000 , France , Germany , Spain and United Kingdom have automatically qualified for the final , regardless of their positions on the scoreboard in previous contests , as they are the four biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "European Broadcasting Union", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [232, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Country influences combined with Punk rock and alternative rock to forge the cowpunk scene in Southern California during the 1980s , which included bands such as The Long Ryders , Lone Justice and The Beat Farmers , as well as the established punk group X , whose music had begun to include country and rockabilly influences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "alternative rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "cowpunk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Southern California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "The Long Ryders", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "Lone Justice", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "The Beat Farmers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [197, 213]}, {"entity": "punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [243, 247]}, {"entity": "X", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [254, 255]}, {"entity": "country", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [291, 298]}, {"entity": "rockabilly", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [303, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent from the United Kingdom scene , in the late 1970s and early 1980s in California , deathrock developed as a distinct branch of American punk rock , with acts such as Christian Death and 45 Grave .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "deathrock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "punk rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "Christian Death", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [177, 192]}, {"entity": "45 Grave", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [197, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Vinny Appice left the band following the reunion show to rejoin Ronnie James Dio 's solo band , later appearing on Dio 's Strange Highways and Angry Machines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinny Appice", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Ronnie James Dio", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Dio", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "Strange Highways", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "Angry Machines", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [151, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autechre remain going strong to this day , where they continue to call Warp Records their home , having released numerous albums to critical acclaim in the years to follow , such as Confield , Draft 7.30 , Untilted , Quaristice , Oversteps , Exai and elseq 1-5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autechre", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Warp Records", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Confield", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "Draft 7.30", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [193, 203]}, {"entity": "Untilted", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [206, 214]}, {"entity": "Quaristice", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [217, 227]}, {"entity": "Oversteps", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [230, 239]}, {"entity": "Exai", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [242, 246]}, {"entity": "elseq 1-5", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [251, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Madlib samples Gong 's music frequently , including Eat That Phone Book Coda on his song The Further Adventures of Lord Quas , You Never Blow Yr Trip Forever on The Further Adventures of Lord Quas , and Shamal on The Further Adventures of Lord Quas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madlib", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Gong", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Eat That Phone Book Coda", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "The Further Adventures of Lord Quas", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [89, 124]}, {"entity": "You Never Blow Yr Trip Forever", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [127, 157]}, {"entity": "The Further Adventures of Lord Quas", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [161, 196]}, {"entity": "Shamal", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [203, 209]}, {"entity": "The Further Adventures of Lord Quas", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [213, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After releasing only one album on a major label , Black Elvis / Lost in Space , Kool Keith subsequently returned to independently releasing music , producing further efforts as a solo artist and in collaboration with groups such as Analog Brothers , Masters of Illusion , Thee Undatakerz and Project Polaroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Elvis / Lost in Space", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "Kool Keith", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Analog Brothers", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [232, 247]}, {"entity": "Masters of Illusion", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [250, 269]}, {"entity": "Thee Undatakerz", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "Project Polaroid", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [292, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhythms of Resistance formed as part of the UK Earth First action against the International Monetary Fund / World Bank meeting in Prague in September 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhythms of Resistance", "entity_type": "band", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "UK Earth First", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [78, 105]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Prague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the Way was released in July 2002 and produced four singles ; By the Way , The Zephyr Song , Can 't Stop and Universally Speaking .", "entity": [{"entity": "By the Way", "entity_type": "album", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "By the Way", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "The Zephyr Song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Can 't Stop", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Universally Speaking", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [112, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to its highly syncretic nature , Latin American music encompasses a wide variety of styles , including influential genres such as cumbia , bachata , bossa nova , Merengue music , Cuban rumba , Salsa music , samba , son , and Tango music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin American", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "cumbia", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "bachata", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "bossa nova", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "Merengue music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "Cuban rumba", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "Salsa music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [197, 208]}, {"entity": "samba", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "son", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [219, 222]}, {"entity": "Tango music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [229, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crosby gained valuable experience on tour for a year with Whiteman and performing and recording with Bix Beiderbecke , Jack Teagarden , Tommy Dorsey , Jimmy Dorsey , Eddie Lang , and Hoagy Carmichael .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crosby", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Whiteman", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "Bix Beiderbecke", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "Jack Teagarden", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Tommy Dorsey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Dorsey", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "Eddie Lang", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "Hoagy Carmichael", "entity_type": "musical artist", "pos": [183, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today there are Celtic-influenced subgenres of virtually every type of popular music including electronica , Celtic rock , Celtic metal , Celtic punk , Hip hop music , reggae , New-age music , Latin , Andean and Pop music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic-influenced subgenres", "entity_type": "misc", "pos": [16, 43]}, {"entity": "popular music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "electronica", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "Celtic rock", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "Celtic metal", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Celtic punk", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "Hip hop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "reggae", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "New-age music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [177, 190]}, {"entity": "Latin", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "Andean", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "Pop music", "entity_type": "music genre", "pos": [212, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in 2009 , Cape Town Opera ' s production , set in 1970s South Africa and inspired by life in Soweto , toured Britain , opening at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff and going on to the Royal Festival Hall in London and Edinburgh Festival Theatre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Town Opera", "entity_type": "organisation", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Soweto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "Wales Millennium Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 161]}, {"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "Royal Festival Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 222]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh Festival Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [227, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/train.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/train.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf5088b0a27723ffd7b8730a4e7009eb52036a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_music/train.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:aa399b9f12a5e93f03aedf42a4fdfc2e61821ba0c4ec4c134e05f64f246b040b
+size 66645
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/dev.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/dev.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..377f3c4155e4e4f38a574e79e33dbb4318beaec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/dev.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4f1d61c8ac22364f9dbceef24a53ff7499b1cfd
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+++ b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/schema.json
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+["election", "else", "political party", "organization", "politician", "person", "event", "country", "location"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/test.json b/IE-en/NER/CrossNER_politics/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5cd6ea8655f3af443928dcd9a70c20c4aa59088
--- /dev/null
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+{"text": "They mostly engage in confronting the police during demonstrations and riots , especially in countries like Canada , Mexico or Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lincoln replaced Buell with William Rosecrans ; and after the 1862 and 1863 United States House of Representatives elections he replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Buell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "William Rosecrans", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "1862 and 1863 United States House of Representatives elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [62, 124]}, {"entity": "McClellan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Ambrose Burnside", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tamsin Greig narrated , and the cast included Nicky Henson as Napoleon , Toby Jones as the propagandist Squealer , and Ralph Ineson as Boxer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tamsin Greig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Nicky Henson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Toby Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Ralph Ineson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the most prominent national leaders , such as Washington , John Adams , John Hancock , and Benjamin Franklin , retired from public life , served as foreign delegates , or held office in state governments ; and for the general public , local government and self-rule seemed quite satisfactory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "John Adams", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "John Hancock", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "Benjamin Franklin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Einstein became a full professor at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911 , accepting Austria n citizenship in the Austria-Hungary to do so .", "entity": [{"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Charles-Ferdinand University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 75]}, {"entity": "Prague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Austria-Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Locker-Lampson took Einstein to meet Winston Churchill at his home , and later , Austen Chamberlain and former Prime Minister David Lloyd George .", "entity": [{"entity": "Locker-Lampson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Winston Churchill", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "Austen Chamberlain", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [81, 99]}, {"entity": "David Lloyd George", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [126, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara ( a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan ) , to come to him and submit to his authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "chieftains", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Gandhara", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East of Porus ' kingdom , near the Ganges River , was the Nanda Empire of Magadha , and further east , the Gangaridai of Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Ganges River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Nanda Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Magadha", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Gangaridai", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "Bengal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "Indian subcontinent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the assassination of Perdiccas in 321 BC , Macedonian unity collapsed , and 40 years of war between The Successors ( Diadochi ) ensued before the Hellenistic world settled into four stable power blocs : Ptolemaic Kingdom Egypt , Seleucid Empire Mesopotamia and Central Asia , Attalid dynasty Anatolia , and Antigonid dynasty Macedon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perdiccas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Macedonian unity", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Ptolemaic Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [209, 226]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [227, 232]}, {"entity": "Seleucid Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [235, 250]}, {"entity": "Mesopotamia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [251, 262]}, {"entity": "Central Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [267, 279]}, {"entity": "Attalid dynasty", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [282, 297]}, {"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [298, 306]}, {"entity": "Antigonid dynasty", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [313, 330]}, {"entity": "Macedon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [331, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the most pronounced effects of Hellenization can be seen in Afghanistan and India , in the region of the relatively late-rising Greco-Bactrian Kingdom ( 250-125 BC ) ( in modern Afghanistan , Pakistan , and Tajikistan ) and the Indo-Greek Kingdom ( 180 BC - 10 AD ) in modern Afghanistan and India. and created a culture of Greco-Buddhist art .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hellenization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [136, 158]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "Tajikistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [215, 225]}, {"entity": "Indo-Greek Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [236, 254]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [284, 295]}, {"entity": "India.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [300, 306]}, {"entity": "Greco-Buddhist art", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [332, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gide went successively to Middle Congo ( now the Republic of the Congo ) , Ubangi-Shari ( now the Central African Republic ) , briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon before returning to France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Middle Congo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "Ubangi-Shari", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [98, 122]}, {"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "Cameroon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2000 , Andranik Margaryan replaced Aram Sargsyan ( a brother of assassinated Vazgen Sargsyan ) as Prime Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andranik Margaryan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "Aram Sargsyan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Vazgen Sargsyan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most significant growth has been in the Melanesian countries of the Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , and Papua New Guinea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melanesian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Solomon Islands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Vanuatu", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Papua New Guinea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The empire 's capital was Pataliputra ( in Magadha , present-day Patna ) , with provincial capitals at Taxila and Ujjain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pataliputra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Magadha", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Patna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Taxila", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Ujjain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The provinces ceded to Augustus for that ten-year period comprised much of the conquered Roman world , including all of Hispania and Gaul , Syria , Cilicia , Cyprus , and Egypt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Roman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Hispania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "Gaul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Cilicia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms : Bibb Graves , Jim Folsom , and Fob James each served two , and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "governors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "Bibb Graves", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Jim Folsom", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Fob James", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "George Wallace", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The twelve countries that had significant interests in Antarctica at the time were : Argentina , Australia , Belgium , Chile , France , Japan , New Zealand , Norway , South Africa , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antarctica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [205, 219]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [230, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Battle of Qarqar is mentioned in extra-biblical records , and was perhaps at Apamea , where Shalmaneser III of Assyria fought a great confederation of princes from Cilicia , Northern Syria , Israel , Ammon , and the tribes of the Syrian desert ( 853 BC ) , including Ahab the Israelite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Battle of Qarqar", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "Apamea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Shalmaneser III", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "Assyria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Cilicia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [187, 192]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [195, 201]}, {"entity": "Ammon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 240]}, {"entity": "Ahab", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [271, 275]}, {"entity": "Israelite", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [280, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state branches formed their first majority governments in 1910 New South Wales state election and 1910 South Australian state election in 1910 , 1911 Western Australian state election in 1911 , 1915 Queensland state election in 1915 and 1925 Tasmanian state election in 1925 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1910 New South Wales state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [62, 97]}, {"entity": "1910 South Australian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [102, 138]}, {"entity": "1911 Western Australian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [149, 187]}, {"entity": "1915 Queensland state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [198, 228]}, {"entity": "1925 Tasmanian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [241, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various ideological beliefs were factionalised under reforms to the ALP under Gough Whitlam , resulting in what is now known as the Labor Left who tend to favour a more interventionist economic policy and more socially progressive ideals , and Labor Right , the now dominant faction that tends to be more economically liberal and focus to a lesser extent on social issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "Gough Whitlam", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Labor Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "Labor Right", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [244, 255]}, {"entity": "economically liberal", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [305, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Beazley led the party to the 1998 Australian federal election , winning 51 percent of the two-party-preferred vote but falling short on seats , and lost ground at the 2001 Australian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Beazley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "1998 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [33, 65]}, {"entity": "two-party-preferred vote", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 118]}, {"entity": "2001 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [171, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rallying his Afghan tribes and allies , he pushed east towards the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Empire empires of India , west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire of Persia , and north toward the Khanate of Bukhara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Mughal Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "Maratha Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Afsharid Empire of Persia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 180]}, {"entity": "Khanate of Bukhara", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then moved southward into Greece , where he sacked Piraeus ( the port of Athens ) and destroyed Corinth , Megara , Argos and Sparta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Piraeus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Athens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Corinth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Megara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Argos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "Sparta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before making the announcement , Alexander did not consult with his father , who had been on vacation in Karlovy Vary and making arrangements to secure the hand of Germany Princess Alexandra zu Schaumburg-Lippe for his son , or his Prime Minister Dr. Vladan Đorđević , who was visiting the Paris Universal Exhibition at the time of the announcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Karlovy Vary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "Alexandra zu Schaumburg-Lippe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 210]}, {"entity": "Vladan Đorđević", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [251, 266]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [290, 295]}, {"entity": "Universal Exhibition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [296, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to France , the Jackson administration successfully settled spoliation claims with Denmark , Portugal , and Spain .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson 's state department was active and successful at making trade agreements with Russia , Spain , Turkey , United Kingdom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Rebuilding Russia , an essay first published in 1990 in Komsomolskaya Pravda . Solzhenitsyn urged the Soviet Union to grant independence to all the non-Slav republics , which he claimed were sapping the Russian nation and he called for the creation of a new Slavic state bringing together Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , and parts of Kazakhstan that he considered to be Russified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "Solzhenitsyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "non-Slav republics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "Slavic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [261, 267]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [292, 298]}, {"entity": "Ukraine", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [301, 308]}, {"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [311, 318]}, {"entity": "Kazakhstan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [334, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colonial affairs saw the Netherlands conquest of Jaffna patam , Portugal 's last colony in Portuguese Ceylon ( 1658 ) and the cession of Bombay and Tangier to England ( 23 June 1661 ) as dowry for Afonso 's sister , Catherine of Braganza , who had married King Charles II of England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Jaffna patam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Portuguese Ceylon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "Bombay", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "Tangier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "Afonso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 203]}, {"entity": "Catherine of Braganza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 237]}, {"entity": "King Charles II of England", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He assumed the name Alfonso XII , for although no king of united Spain had borne the name Alfonso XI , the Spanish monarchy was regarded as continuous with the more ancient monarchy represented by the 11 kings of Kingdom of Asturias , Kingdom of León and Kingdom of Castile also named Alfonso .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfonso XII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Alfonso XI", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Asturias", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [213, 232]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of León", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [235, 250]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Castile", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [255, 273]}, {"entity": "Alfonso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [285, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With his marriage to Urraca , queen regnant of Kingdom of Castile , Kingdom of León and Kingdom of Galicia , in 1109 , he began to use , with some justification , the grandiose title Emperor of Spain , formerly employed by his father-in-law , Alfonso VI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urraca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Castile", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of León", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Galicia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "Alfonso VI", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell , Duchy of Athens , and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon .", "entity": [{"entity": "County of Urgell", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Duchy of Athens", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "Duchy of Neopatria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "Crown of Aragon", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants ( modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe ) along with Bruce Willis , Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schwarzenegger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Planet Hollywood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Hard Rock Cafe", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "Bruce Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 174]}, {"entity": "Sylvester Stallone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 195]}, {"entity": "Demi Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1996 , bin Laden personally engineered a plot to assassinate United States President Bill Clinton while the president was in Manila for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bin Laden", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Manila", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [143, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN report has revealed that Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) have been handing out sophisticated American-made weapons to al-Qaeda-linked fighters in Yemen .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "United Arab Emirates", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "al-Qaeda-linked", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also recalled a past instance in which Osama bin Laden called on al-Qaeda members and supporters to give allegiance to Abu Omar al-Baghdadi when the group was still solely operating in Iraq , as the Islamic State of Iraq , and condemned Ayman al-Zawahiri for not making this same claim for Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi , and that Zawahiri was encouraging factionalism and division between former allies of ISIL such as the al-Nusra Front .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osama bin Laden", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "al-Qaeda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "Abu Omar al-Baghdadi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [122, 142]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [188, 192]}, {"entity": "Islamic State of Iraq", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 223]}, {"entity": "Ayman al-Zawahiri", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [240, 257]}, {"entity": "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [293, 313]}, {"entity": "Zawahiri", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [325, 333]}, {"entity": "ISIL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [401, 405]}, {"entity": "al-Nusra Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [418, 432]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , Chipp 's former Liberal Party of Australia affiliation was frequently recalled by opponents , Such as the then Democratic Socialist Perspective and early green-left parties such as the United Tasmania Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [32, 58]}, {"entity": "Democratic Socialist Perspective", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [127, 159]}, {"entity": "United Tasmania Group", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [201, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ACLU was founded in 1920 by a committee including Helen Keller , Roger Baldwin , Crystal Eastman , Walter Nelles , Morris Ernst , Albert DeSilver , Arthur Garfield Hays , Jane Addams , Felix Frankfurter , Elizabeth Gurley Flynn , and Rose Schneiderman .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Helen Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "Roger Baldwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "Crystal Eastman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Walter Nelles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "Morris Ernst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Albert DeSilver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "Arthur Garfield Hays", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 172]}, {"entity": "Jane Addams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "Felix Frankfurter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [189, 206]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Gurley Flynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [209, 231]}, {"entity": "Rose Schneiderman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [238, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allies of the ACLU in legal actions have included the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People , the American Jewish Congress , People For the American Way , the National Rifle Association , the Electronic Frontier Foundation , Americans United for Separation of Church and State , and the National Organization for Women .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 112]}, {"entity": "American Jewish Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 143]}, {"entity": "People For the American Way", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 173]}, {"entity": "National Rifle Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 206]}, {"entity": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 243]}, {"entity": "Americans United for Separation of Church and State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [246, 297]}, {"entity": "National Organization for Women", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [308, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Norman Thomas , John Haynes Holmes , and Morris Ernst were anti-Communists who wanted to distance the ACLU from Communism ; opposing them were Harry F. Ward , Corliss Lamont , and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn , who rejected any political test for ACLU leadership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norman Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "John Haynes Holmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "Morris Ernst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "Harry F. Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "Corliss Lamont", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Gurley Flynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 202]}, {"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [241, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1988 United States presidential election , Vice President George H. W. Bush noted that his opponent Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis had described himself as a card-carrying member of the ACLU and used that as evidence that Dukakis was a strong , passionate liberal and out of the mainstream .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [11, 51]}, {"entity": "George H. W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "Michael Dukakis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "Dukakis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [241, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Celebrities donating included Chris Sacca ( who offered to match other people 's donations and ultimately gave $ 150,000 ) , Rosie 'Donnell , Judd Apatow , Sia , John Legend , and Adele Stelter The number of members of the ACLU doubled in the time from the election to end of January to 1 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Sacca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Rosie 'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "Judd Apatow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "Sia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "John Legend", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "Adele Stelter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 193]}, {"entity": "ACLU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [223, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assyria ( This vast span of time is divided in Early Period ( 2500 BCE-2025 BCE ) , Old Assyrian Empire ( 2025 BCE - 1378 BCE ) , Middle Assyrian Empire ( 1392 BCE - 934 BCE ) and Neo-Assyrian Empire ( 911 BCE - 609 BCE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Assyria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Old Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [84, 103]}, {"entity": "Middle Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [130, 152]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [180, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At its peak , the Neo-Assyrian Empire of 911 to 609 BC stretched from eastern Libya and Cyprus in the East Mediterranean to Iran , and from present-day Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Transcaucasia to the Arabian Peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "Libya", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "East Mediterranean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "Armenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "Azerbaijan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "Transcaucasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "Arabian Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region of Assyria fell under the successive control of the Median Empire of 678 to 549 BC , the Achaemenid Empire of 550 to 330 BC , the Macedonian Empire ( late 4th century BC ) , the Seleucid Empire of 312 to 63 BC , the Parthian Empire of 247 BC to 224 AD , the Roman Empire ( from 116 to 118 AD ) and the Sasanian Empire of 224 to 651 AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Assyria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Median Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Achaemenid Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "Macedonian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Seleucid Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [189, 204]}, {"entity": "Parthian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [227, 242]}, {"entity": "Roman Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [269, 281]}, {"entity": "Sasanian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [313, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods into which the history of Assyria is divided , the other three being : the Early Assyrian Period , the Middle Assyrian Empire and the Neo-Assyrian Empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Old Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "Assyria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Early Assyrian Period", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 143]}, {"entity": "Middle Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [150, 172]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tiglath-Pileser III conquered as far as the East Mediterranean , bringing the Greeks of Cyprus , Phoenicia , Kingdom of Judah , Philistia , Samaria and the whole of Aramea under Assyrian control .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tiglath-Pileser III", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "East Mediterranean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "Greeks of Cyprus", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Phoenicia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Judah", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "Philistia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Samaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "Aramea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "Assyrian", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , Assyria conquered Babylonia , Chaldea , Elam , Media , Persia , Urartu ( Armenia ) , Phoenicia , Aramea / Syria , Phrygia , the Neo-Hittite States , the Hurrian lands , Arabia , Gutium , Israel , Kingdom of Judah , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Assyria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Babylonia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Chaldea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Elam", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Media", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Persia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Urartu", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Armenia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Phoenicia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Aramea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Phrygia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "Neo-Hittite States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [141, 159]}, {"entity": "Hurrian lands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "Arabia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [182, 188]}, {"entity": "Gutium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [200, 206]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Judah", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [209, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Scythians and Cimmerians took advantage of the bitter fighting among the Assyrians to raid Neo-Assyrian Empire colonies , with hordes of horse-borne marauders ravaging parts of Asia Minor and the Caucasus , where the vassal kings of Urartu and Lydia begged their Neo-Assyrian Empire overlord for help in vain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scythians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Cimmerians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Assyrians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [95, 114]}, {"entity": "Asia Minor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 191]}, {"entity": "Caucasus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "Urartu", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [237, 243]}, {"entity": "Lydia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [248, 253]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [267, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also raided the Levant , Israel and Kingdom of Judah ( where Ashkelon was sacked by the Scythians ) and all the way into Egypt whose coasts were ravaged and looted with impunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levant", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Judah", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Ashkelon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Scythians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iranic peoples under the Medes , aided by the previous Neo-Assyrian Empire destruction of the hitherto dominant Elamites of Ancient Iran , also took advantage of the upheavals in Neo-Assyrian Empire to coalesce into a powerful Median-dominated force .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Medes", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "Elamites", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "Ancient Iran", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [183, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the sorely depleted Neo-Assyrian Empire , bitter fighting ensued ; throughout 614 BC the Medes continued to gradually make hard fought inroads into Neo-Assyrian Empire itself , scoring a decisive and devastating victory over the Assyrian forces at the battle of Assur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "Medes", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [156, 175]}, {"entity": "Assyrian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [237, 245]}, {"entity": "battle of Assur", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [260, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 , President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas , a federal Circuit Judge , to succeed retiring Associate Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall .", "entity": [{"entity": "George H. W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "Clarence Thomas", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Supreme Court", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "Thurgood Marshall", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 25 April 2019 , the 2020 United States presidential election team for Joe Biden disclosed that he had called Ms. Hill to express his regret for what she endured 28 years ago , when , as the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee , he presided over the confirmation hearings in which she accused Clarence Thomas , George W. Bush ' s nominee to the Supreme Court , of sexual harassment .", "entity": [{"entity": "2020 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [23, 63]}, {"entity": "Joe Biden", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Ms. Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Senate Judiciary Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [209, 235]}, {"entity": "Clarence Thomas", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [302, 317]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [320, 334]}, {"entity": "Supreme Court", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [354, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He subsequently became the de facto leader of Afghanistan 's Uzbek community , controlling the country 's northern provinces and Mazar-i-Sharif , effectively creating his own proto-state with an army of up to 40,000 men with tanks supplied by Uzbekistan and Russia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Uzbek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Mazar-i-Sharif", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "proto-state", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [243, 253]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [258, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He initially supported the new government of Burhanuddin Rabbani in Kabul but in 1994 switched sides and allied with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burhanuddin Rabbani", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "Kabul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Gulbuddin Hekmatyar", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [117, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dostum was directly chosen as First Vice President of Afghanistan in the 2014 Afghan presidential election , next to Ashraf Ghani as President and Sarwar Danish as second Vice President .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dostum", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "2014 Afghan presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [73, 106]}, {"entity": "Ashraf Ghani", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "Sarwar Danish", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [147, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She contested the seat of Burnley in Lancashire in the 1979 United Kingdom general election and then , against David Owen , the Plymouth Devonport seat in the 1983 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burnley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Lancashire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "1979 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [55, 91]}, {"entity": "David Owen", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Plymouth Devonport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "1983 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [159, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2019 Widdecombe appeared on the celebrity version of The Crystal Maze , where alongside Sunetra Sarker , Wes Nelson , Matthew Wright and Nikki Sanderson , she won money for the Stand Up to Cancer initiative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Widdecombe", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "The Crystal Maze", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Sunetra Sarker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Wes Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Matthew Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Nikki Sanderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "Stand Up to Cancer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [180, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He learnt that at Multan , Thatta , and particularly at Varanasi , the teachings of Hindu Brahmins attracted numerous Muslims .", "entity": [{"entity": "Multan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Thatta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Varanasi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early loans went largely to Indonesia , Thailand , Malaysia , South Korea and the Philippines ; these nations accounted for 78.48 % of the total ADB loans between 1967 and 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "ADB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abbas II Helmy Bey ( also known as Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha , In 1914 , after the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in World War I , the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British , then ruling Egypt , in favor of his more pro-British uncle , Hussein Kamel , marking the de jure end of Egypt 's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire , which had begun in 1517 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abbas II Helmy Bey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Ottoman Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "Central Powers", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "Khedive", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [176, 183]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [198, 203]}, {"entity": "Hussein Kamel", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [247, 260]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [290, 295]}, {"entity": "Ottoman Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [337, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abbas II ( full name : Abbas Hilmy ) , the great-great-grandson of Muhammad Ali , was born in Alexandria , Egypt on 14 July 1874 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abbas II", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Abbas Hilmy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Muhammad Ali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Alexandria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second marriage in Çubuklu , Turkey on 1 March 1910 was to Hungary noblewoman Marianna Török de Szendrö , who took the name Zübeyde Cavidan Hanım ( Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , U.S. , 8 January 1874", "entity": [{"entity": "Çubuklu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Marianna Török de Szendrö", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 107]}, {"entity": "Zübeyde Cavidan Hanım", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 149]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , his descendants can be found in many places outside Afghanistan , such as in America , France , Germany , and even in Scandinavian countries such as Denmark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Scandinavian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [157, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adam confirmed through a press conference that the film would co-star David Alan Grier , Illeana Douglas , Diane Farr , and Larry Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "David Alan Grier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Illeana Douglas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "Diane Farr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "Larry Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The youngest daughter of Aung San , Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar , and Khin Kyi , Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Yangon , British rule in Burma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aung San", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Father of the Nation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "Myanmar", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Khin Kyi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "Yangon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "Burma", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 9 November 1996 , the motorcade that Aung San Suu Kyi was traveling in with other National League for Democracy leaders Tin Oo and Kyi Maung , was attacked in Yangon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "National League for Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [85, 114]}, {"entity": "Tin Oo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Kyi Maung", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "Yangon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked what democratic models Myanmar could look to , she said : We have many , many lessons to learn from various places , not just the Asian countries like South Korea , Mongolia , and Indonesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myanmar", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "Mongolia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a nod to the deep US political divide between Republicans led by Mitt Romney and the Democrats of Barack Obama - then battling to win the 2012 United States presidential election - she stressed , Those of you who are familiar with American politics I 'm sure understand the need for negotiated compromise .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Mitt Romney", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "2012 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [141, 181]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The life of Aung San Suu Kyi and her husband Michael Aris is portrayed in Luc Besson ' s 2011 film The Lady , in which they are played by Michelle Yeoh and David Thewlis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aung San Suu Kyi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "Michael Aris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Luc Besson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "The Lady", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "Michelle Yeoh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 151]}, {"entity": "David Thewlis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2005 , Sharon formed a national unity government that included representatives of Likud , Labor , and Meimad and Degel HaTorah as out-of-government supporters without any seats in the government ( United Torah Judaism parties usually reject having ministerial offices as a policy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "national unity government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 59]}, {"entity": "Likud", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "Labor", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Meimad", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "Degel HaTorah", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "United Torah Judaism", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [208, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United States , within 100 years , four presidents - Abraham Lincoln , James A. Garfield , William McKinley and John F. Kennedy - died at the hands of assassins .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Abraham Lincoln", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "James A. Garfield", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "William McKinley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [119, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1930s and 1940s , Joseph Stalin ' s NKVD carried out numerous assassinations outside of the Soviet Union , such as the killings of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists leader Yevhen Konovalets , Ignace Poretsky , Fourth International secretary Rudolf Klement , Leon Trotsky , and the Workers ' Party of Marxist Unification ( POUM ) leadership in Catalonia Michael Ellman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Stalin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "NKVD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [142, 180]}, {"entity": "Yevhen Konovalets", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [188, 205]}, {"entity": "Ignace Poretsky", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [208, 223]}, {"entity": "Fourth International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 246]}, {"entity": "Rudolf Klement", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [257, 271]}, {"entity": "Leon Trotsky", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [274, 286]}, {"entity": "Workers ' Party of Marxist Unification", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [297, 335]}, {"entity": "POUM", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [338, 342]}, {"entity": "Catalonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [359, 368]}, {"entity": "Michael Ellman", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [369, 383]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In India , Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi ( neither of whom were related to Mahatma Gandhi , who was assassinated in 1948 ) , were assassinated in 1984 and 1991 respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Indira Gandhi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Rajiv Gandhi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Mahatma Gandhi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most modern assassinations have been committed either during a public performance or during transport , both because of weaker security and security lapses , such as with U.S. President John F. Kennedy and former Pakistan i Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto , or as part of coups d 'état where security is either overwhelmed or completely removed , such as with Democratic Republic of the Congo Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [171, 175]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [186, 201]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [213, 221]}, {"entity": "Benazir Bhutto", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [239, 253]}, {"entity": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [358, 390]}, {"entity": "Patrice Lumumba", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [406, 421]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In interviews with Oliver Stone in 2017 , Russian president Vladimir Putin said that in trying to persuade Russia to accept US withdrawal from the treaty , both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush had tried , without evidence , to convince him of an emerging nuclear threat from Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oliver Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [178, 192]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [275, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Kingdom of Hungary and the First Austrian Republic were treated as its successors de jure , whereas the independence of the West Slavs and South Slavs of the Empire as the First Czechoslovak Republic , the Second Polish Republic and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , respectively , and most of the territorial demands of the Kingdom of Romania were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingdom of Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "First Austrian Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "West Slavs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "South Slavs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "First Czechoslovak Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [176, 203]}, {"entity": "Second Polish Republic", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [210, 232]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [241, 262]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [323, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of Romanians in Transylvania and in the eastern Banat , Slovaks in today 's Slovakia , and Croats and Serbs in the crown lands of Croatia and of Dalmatia ( today 's Croatia ) , in Bosnia and Herzegovina , and in the provinces known as the Vojvodina ( today 's northern Serbia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungarian", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Romanians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "Transylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "Banat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 135]}, {"entity": "Slovaks", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "Croats", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "Serbs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 189]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [212, 219]}, {"entity": "Dalmatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [227, 235]}, {"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [247, 254]}, {"entity": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [262, 284]}, {"entity": "Vojvodina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [321, 330]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [351, 357]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of six assassins ( Cvjetko Popović , Gavrilo Princip , Muhamed Mehmedbašić , Nedeljko Čabrinović , Trifko Grabež , Vaso Čubrilović ) from the nationalist group Young Bosnia , supplied by the Black Hand , had gathered on the street where the Archduke 's motorcade would pass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cvjetko Popović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Gavrilo Princip", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "Muhamed Mehmedbašić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "Nedeljko Čabrinović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "Trifko Grabež", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Vaso Čubrilović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "Young Bosnia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "Black Hand", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 209]}, {"entity": "Archduke", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [249, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the two Acts , the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were , in the words of the Treaty , United into One Kingdom by the Name of Kingdom of Great Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingdom of England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [144, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( alternatively of Kingdom of England , Kingdom of Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland depending on the period ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingdom of England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first public radio station in Australia opened in Sydney on 23 November 1923 under the call sign 2SB with other stations in Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide , Perth and Hobart following .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Sydney", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Brisbane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "Adelaide", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "Perth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "Hobart", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2013 University of the Sunshine Coast study of the voting intentions of journalists found that 73.6 per cent of ABC journalists supported Australian Labor Party or Australian Greens - with 41 % supporting the Greens ( whereas only around 10 % of people in the general population voted Green ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of the Sunshine Coast", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 39]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [140, 162]}, {"entity": "Australian Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [166, 183]}, {"entity": "Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [211, 217]}, {"entity": "Green", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [287, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the Coalition side of politics , Pru Goward has served as a Minister in the NSW state Liberal Government , Scott Emerson and Sarah Henderson all held , or hold , positions at the ABC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pru Goward", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "NSW state Liberal", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "Scott Emerson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Sarah Henderson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This school initially consisted of nearly 200 faculty members and Ph.D. students from the Vrije Universiteit , University of Amsterdam , Delft University of Technology , and Leiden University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vrije Universiteit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 108]}, {"entity": "University of Amsterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 134]}, {"entity": "Delft University of Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 167]}, {"entity": "Leiden University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the spring of 2002 , immediately following the capture of Zubaydah , top Bush administration officials , Vice President Dick Cheney , Secretary of State Colin Powell , CIA Director George Tenet , National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice , Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , and US Attorney General John Ashcroft discussed at length whether or not the CIA could legally use harsh techniques against him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zubaydah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Dick Cheney", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "Colin Powell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "George Tenet", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "Condoleezza Rice", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [225, 241]}, {"entity": "Donald Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [265, 280]}, {"entity": "John Ashcroft", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [307, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fini was succeeded by Ignazio La Russa , who managed the merger of the party with Forza Italia ( FI ) into The People of Freedom ( PdL ) in 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Ignazio La Russa", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "Forza Italia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "FI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "The People of Freedom", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "PdL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gianfranco Fini , a moderniser who saw Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron as role-models , impressed an ambitious political line to the party , combining the pillars of conservative ideology like security , family values and patriotism with a progressive approach in other areas such as stem cell research and supporting voting rights for legal aliens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gianfranco Fini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Nicolas Sarkozy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "David Cameron", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "stem cell", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [286, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party had a good showing in the first general election to which it took part ( 13.5 % in 1994 Italian general election ) and reached 15.7 % in 1996 Italian general election , when Fini tried for the first time to replace Silvio Berlusconi as leader of the centre-right .", "entity": [{"entity": "1994 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [93, 122]}, {"entity": "1996 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [147, 176]}, {"entity": "Fini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "Silvio Berlusconi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [225, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter were ruled successively by the Habsburg Spain ( Spanish Netherlands ) and the Austrian Habsburgs ( Austrian Netherlands ) and comprised most of modern Belgium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Habsburg Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Spanish Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "Austrian Habsburgs", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [89, 107]}, {"entity": "Austrian Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belgium assumed control of the German colonies of Ruanda-Urundi ( modern-day Rwanda and Burundi ) during the war , and in 1924 the League of Nations mandated them to Belgium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Ruanda-Urundi", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Rwanda", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Burundi", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "League of Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belgium became one of the six founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 and of the European Atomic Energy Community and European Economic Community , established in 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "European Coal and Steel Community", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 87]}, {"entity": "European Atomic Energy Community", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 139]}, {"entity": "European Economic Community", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2009 , he was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake , he teamed up with George W. Bush to form the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Special Envoy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "2010 Haiti earthquake", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 100]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Clinton Bush Haiti Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , he secured the release of two American journalists imprisoned by North Korea , visiting the capital Pyongyang in 2009 and negotiating their release with then-North Korean leader Kim Jong-il .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Pyongyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "then-North Korean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 184]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong-il", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1996 United States presidential election , Clinton was re-elected , receiving 49.2 percent of the popular vote over Republican Bob Dole ( 40.7 percent of the popular vote ) and Reform Party of the United States of America candidate Ross Perot ( 8.4 percent of the popular vote ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1996 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 47]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Bob Dole", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "Reform Party of the United States of America", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [184, 228]}, {"entity": "Ross Perot", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [239, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He brought Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat together at Camp David for the Camp David Summit in July 2000 , which lasted 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Camp David", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "Camp David Summit", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 , 18 percent of respondents in a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll of American voters regarded Clinton as the best president since World War II , making him the third most popular among postwar presidents , behind John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinnipiac University Polling Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 80]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [233, 248]}, {"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [253, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main Eurosceptic parties in Portugal are National Renovator Party ( PNR ) , Portuguese Communist Party ( PCP ) , and Left Bloc ( BE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "National Renovator Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "PNR", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "Portuguese Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [80, 106]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "Left Bloc", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "BE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last 2014 European Parliament election , the Portuguese Communist Party won three seats and the Left Bloc won one seat .", "entity": [{"entity": "2014 European Parliament election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [12, 45]}, {"entity": "Portuguese Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "Left Bloc", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal , Left Bloc took 9.83 % and gained 1 seat , Portuguese Communist Party working in coalition with Ecologist Party , The Greens took 6.88 % and 2 seats and National Renovator Party ( PNR ) polled just 0.49 % , with no seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "2019 European Parliament election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 40]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Left Bloc", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Portuguese Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 123]}, {"entity": "Ecologist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 165]}, {"entity": "The Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "National Renovator Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [207, 231]}, {"entity": "PNR", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [234, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a founder and the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada , a Canadian federal political party that evolved into the Canadian Alliance which in turn merged with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to form today 's Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reform Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [174, 214]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [232, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Canada , there are three major federal political parties : the Conservative Party of Canada , the Liberal Party of Canada , and the New Democratic Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 94]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 124]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 1921 Canadian federal election , Progressive Party of Canada leader Thomas Crerar was considering a merger of his party with the Liberal Party of Canada and asked Greenfield to join him as Alberta 's representative in the federal cabinet .", "entity": [{"entity": "1921 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [10, 40]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [43, 70]}, {"entity": "Thomas Crerar", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [139, 162]}, {"entity": "Greenfield", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [173, 183]}, {"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1959 , he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party , which fought against the Congress in the 1962 Indian general election , 1967 Indian general election and 1971 Indian general election elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian National Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 55]}, {"entity": "Swatantra Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "1962 Indian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [131, 159]}, {"entity": "1967 Indian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [162, 190]}, {"entity": "1971 Indian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [195, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like its competitor The Globe and Mail , the Post publishes a separate edition in Toronto , Ontario , Canada 's largest city and the fourth largest English-language media centre in North America after New York City , Los Angeles and Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Globe and Mail", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 214]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 April 1977 , Bhutto imposed martial law in the major cities of Karachi , Lahore and Hyderabad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bhutto", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "martial law", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Karachi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Lahore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "Hyderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by the Somaschi Fathers in 1528 , the Barnabites in 1530 , the Ursulines in 1535 , the Jesuits , canonically recognised in 1540 , the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca in 1583 , the Camillians in 1584 , the Adorno Fathers in 1588 , and finally the Piarists in 1621 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Somaschi Fathers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Barnabites", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Ursulines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "Jesuits", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 197]}, {"entity": "Camillians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 222]}, {"entity": "Adorno Fathers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 251]}, {"entity": "Piarists", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [278, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orders such as the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin , Discalced Carmelites , Discalced Augustinians , Augustinian Recollects , Cistercian Feuillants , Ursulines , Theatines , Barnabites , Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri , and especially Society of Jesus worked in rural parishes and set examples of Catholic renewal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Order of Friars Minor Capuchin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 49]}, {"entity": "Discalced Carmelites", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "Discalced Augustinians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "Augustinian Recollects", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 122]}, {"entity": "Cistercian Feuillants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 146]}, {"entity": "Ursulines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "Theatines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Barnabites", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 183]}, {"entity": "Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 234]}, {"entity": "Society of Jesus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [252, 268]}, {"entity": "Catholic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [314, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then worked on a number of foreign campaigns , including those of Tony Blair - then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - during the 2001 United Kingdom general election ; Ehud Barak of Israel ' s Israeli Labor Party ( at the suggestion of Clinton , who had grown frustrated with Benjamin Netanyahu ' s intransigence in the peace process ) in the 1999 Knesset election ; and with the Liberal Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Blair", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "2001 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [137, 173]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "Israeli Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [201, 220]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [244, 251]}, {"entity": "Benjamin Netanyahu", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [284, 302]}, {"entity": "1999 Knesset election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [351, 372]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [388, 411]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He further sought the Republican nomination for president in 1964 Republican Party presidential primaries , 1968 Republican Party presidential primaries , 1976 Republican Party presidential primaries , 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries , 1984 Republican Party presidential primaries , 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries , and 1992 Republican Party presidential primaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "1964 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [61, 105]}, {"entity": "1968 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [108, 152]}, {"entity": "1976 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [155, 199]}, {"entity": "1980 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [202, 246]}, {"entity": "1984 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [249, 293]}, {"entity": "1988 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [296, 340]}, {"entity": "1992 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [347, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MacKay was the final leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC Party ) , and he agreed to merge the party with Stephen Harper 's Canadian Alliance in 2003 , forming the Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "MacKay", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [35, 75]}, {"entity": "PC Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [187, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In New Zealand , the Māori Party won one overhang seat in 2005 New Zealand general election and 2011 New Zealand general election , and two overhang seats in 2008 New Zealand general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "2005 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [58, 91]}, {"entity": "2011 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [96, 129]}, {"entity": "2008 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [158, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have been five elections to the Assembly , in 1999 National Assembly for Wales election , 2003 National Assembly for Wales election , 2007 National Assembly for Wales election , 2011 National Assembly for Wales election and 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999 National Assembly for Wales election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [52, 93]}, {"entity": "2003 National Assembly for Wales election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [96, 137]}, {"entity": "2007 National Assembly for Wales election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [140, 181]}, {"entity": "2011 National Assembly for Wales election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [184, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reid adopted a strategy of trying to reorient the party system along Australian Labor Party vs non-Labor lines - prior to the 1906 Australian federal election , he renamed his Free Trade Party to the Anti-Socialist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reid", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "1906 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [126, 158]}, {"entity": "Free Trade Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [176, 192]}, {"entity": "Anti-Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Born in Hanover to Carl Hugenberg , a royal Kingdom of Hanover official who in 1867 entered the Prussian Landtag as a member of the National Liberal Party , he studied law in University of Göttingen , Heidelberg , and Humboldt University of Berlin , as well as economics in University of Strasbourg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hanover", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Carl Hugenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Hanover", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "Prussian Landtag", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "National Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 154]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 198]}, {"entity": "Heidelberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [218, 247]}, {"entity": "University of Strasbourg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [274, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was re-elected in the general elections of 1971 Saskatchewan general election , 1975 Saskatchewan general election and 1978 Saskatchewan general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1971 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [46, 80]}, {"entity": "1975 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [83, 117]}, {"entity": "1978 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [122, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Liberal Democrats were the third largest party until the 2015 United Kingdom general election when they were overtaken by the Scottish National Party in terms of seats and UK political party membership , and by the UK Independence Party in terms of votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "2015 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [61, 97]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [130, 153]}, {"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [219, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied law and political science at the universities of Goethe University Frankfurt , University of Burgundy , Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , University of Königsberg , and University of Hamburg from 1933 to 1936 , gaining a doctorate in 1938 and taking the Second Staatsexamen degree in 1939 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goethe University Frankfurt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 87]}, {"entity": "University of Burgundy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 153]}, {"entity": "University of Königsberg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 180]}, {"entity": "University of Hamburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 208]}, {"entity": "Staatsexamen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [279, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1920 Hallstein studied law in University of Bonn , later moving to Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and then to Humboldt University of Berlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hallstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "University of Bonn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 110]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his lifetime , Walter Hallstein received honorary doctorates from nine European universities , including University of Padua , Sussex , University of Liège , Nancy , Leuven , University of Oviedo , and University of Tübingen , and nine American universities , including Georgetown , Harvard , and Johns Hopkins University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Hallstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "University of Padua", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "Sussex", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "University of Liège", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 162]}, {"entity": "Nancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Leuven", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "University of Oviedo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 202]}, {"entity": "University of Tübingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [209, 231]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [243, 251]}, {"entity": "Georgetown", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [277, 287]}, {"entity": "Harvard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [290, 297]}, {"entity": "Johns Hopkins University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [304, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has several facilities spread across India including Bengaluru , Nasik , Korwa , Kanpur , Koraput , Lucknow , Hyderabad and Kasaragod .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Bengaluru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Nasik", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Korwa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "Kanpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Koraput", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "Lucknow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Hyderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "Kasaragod", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YIP had chapters all over the US and in other countries , with particularly active groups in New York City , Vancouver , Washington D.C. , Detroit , Milwaukee , Los Angeles , Tucson , Houston , Austin , Columbus , Dayton , Chicago , Berkeley , San Francisco and Madison .", "entity": [{"entity": "YIP", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "Washington D.C.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "Milwaukee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "Tucson", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "Houston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 200]}, {"entity": "Columbus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 211]}, {"entity": "Dayton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 220]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "Berkeley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 241]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [244, 257]}, {"entity": "Madison", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the party won the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election and formed a coalition with the Finns Party and the National Coalition Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "2015 Finnish parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [28, 63]}, {"entity": "Finns Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "National Coalition Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leaders of two of its caucuses formed separate socialist organizations , namely the Socialist Party USA and the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee , the latter of which became a precursor to the largest present-day socialist organization in the United States , the Democratic Socialists of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socialist Party USA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [84, 103]}, {"entity": "Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 153]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [252, 265]}, {"entity": "Democratic Socialists of America", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [272, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six human rights groups ( Amnesty International Belgium , both the Dutch-speaking Human Rights League and the French-speaking Human Rights League of Belgium , the International Federation for Human Rights , Avocats Sans Frontières ( Lawyers Without Borders ) and Human Rights Watch ) called that loss of the universal jurisdiction component a step backwards in the global fight against the worst atrocities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Dutch-speaking Human Rights League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 101]}, {"entity": "French-speaking Human Rights League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 145]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "International Federation for Human Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 204]}, {"entity": "Avocats Sans Frontières", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 230]}, {"entity": "Lawyers Without Borders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [233, 256]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hawkins is also seeking the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries presidential nomination , as well as that of various state-level parties such as the Peace and Freedom Party in California and Liberty Union Party in Vermont , in a bid to unite the non-sectarian independent Left behind a single campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawkins", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "2020 Green Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [28, 67]}, {"entity": "Peace and Freedom Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 176]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "Liberty Union Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [195, 214]}, {"entity": "Vermont", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [218, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contending for the nomination were Gloria La Riva ( also nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation ) , Cynthia McKinney ( also nominee of the Green Party of the United States ) Brian Moore ( also nominee of the Socialist Party USA ) and independent presidential candidate Ralph Nader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gloria La Riva", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Party for Socialism and Liberation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 106]}, {"entity": "Cynthia McKinney", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Green Party of the United States", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 182]}, {"entity": "Brian Moore", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party USA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [219, 238]}, {"entity": "Ralph Nader", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [280, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Evolution of American Electoral Systems ( 1983 ) , The first two-party system consisted of the Federalist Party , who supported the ratification of the Constitution , and the Democratic-Republican Party or the Anti-Administration party ( Anti-Federalists ) , who opposed the powerful central government , among others , that the Constitution established when it took effect in 1789 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Electoral Systems", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 43]}, {"entity": "Federalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "Democratic-Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [179, 206]}, {"entity": "Anti-Administration party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [214, 239]}, {"entity": "Anti-Federalists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [242, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , the party 's popularity declined in the 2011 Ontario general election and 2014 Ontario general election elections during tightly contested races between the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and ruling Ontario Liberal Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "2011 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [55, 84]}, {"entity": "2014 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [89, 118]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [172, 213]}, {"entity": "Ontario Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bloc Québécois , New Democratic Party and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada all lost seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bloc Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [50, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time the PCI , which had absorbed the Italian Socialist Party s left-wing , the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity , so strengthening its leadership over the Italian left , was the largest communist party in a capitalist state , garnering 34.4 % of the vote in the 1976 Italian general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "Italian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [45, 68]}, {"entity": "Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [87, 131]}, {"entity": "1976 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [282, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ewing became active in campaigning for Scottish independence through her membership of the Glasgow University Scottish Nationalist Association , and came to prominence in 1967 when she won the 1967 Hamilton by-election as the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ewing", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Glasgow University Scottish Nationalist Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 142]}, {"entity": "1967 Hamilton by-election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [193, 218]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [226, 249]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [252, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The appointment of a number of administrators who did not speak Mandarin to Chinese schools provoked an outcry among Chinese Malaysians to the point where UMNO 's coalition partners the Malaysian Chinese Association and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia joined the Democratic Action Party ( DAP ) in protesting the appointments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mandarin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Chinese Malaysians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "UMNO", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "Malaysian Chinese Association", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [186, 215]}, {"entity": "Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [220, 249]}, {"entity": "Democratic Action Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [261, 284]}, {"entity": "DAP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [287, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold coins bearing portraits of Chandragupta and Kumaradevi have been discovered at Mathura , Ayodhya , Lucknow , Sitapur , Tanda , Ghazipur , and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh ; Bayana in Rajasthan ; and Hajipur in Bihar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chandragupta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Kumaradevi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Mathura", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Ayodhya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Lucknow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Sitapur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Tanda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "Ghazipur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "Varanasi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "Uttar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "Bayana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "Rajasthan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 194]}, {"entity": "Hajipur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "Bihar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [212, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A February 1974 United Kingdom general election at the end of February was a triumph for the United Ulster Unionist Coalition , in which the bulk of his old party stood as Official Unionists with William Craig 's Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party and Paisley 's new Democratic Unionist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "February 1974 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [2, 47]}, {"entity": "United Ulster Unionist Coalition", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [93, 125]}, {"entity": "William Craig", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [196, 209]}, {"entity": "Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [213, 248]}, {"entity": "Paisley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [253, 260]}, {"entity": "Democratic Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [268, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the founding President of the Council on Foreign Relations , formed in 1921 , Chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1922 to 1939 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Council on Foreign Relations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 65]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 143]}, {"entity": "Rockefeller Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Fine Gael , the Labour Party , the National Labour Party , Clann na Poblachta , Clann na Talmhan and a number of Independent candidates all came together to form the first inter-party government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "National Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [45, 66]}, {"entity": "Clann na Poblachta", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "Clann na Talmhan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "the first inter-party government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 it employed 178 staff who were based in Edinburgh , Inverness , Glasgow and Dundee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "Inverness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1927 , protests on their behalf were held in every major city in North America and Europe , as well as in Tokyo , Sydney , Melbourne , São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro , Buenos Aires , Dubai , Montevideo , Johannesburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Sydney", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "São Paulo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Rio de Janeiro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 164]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "Dubai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "Montevideo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "Johannesburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ford worked as a managing editor and editorial writer from 1872 to 1905 , at six different newspapers in three cities Baltimore , New York City , and Pittsburgh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Baltimore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were then 1,400,000 Hindu Sindhis , though most were concentrated in cities such as Hyderabad , Karachi , Shikarpur , and Sukkur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hindu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Hyderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "Karachi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Shikarpur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Sukkur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its national headquarters remain in New York City , but today it has regional offices in Atlanta , Chicago , Dallas , Los Angeles , and Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four main cities of Scotland , Glasgow , Edinburgh , Aberdeen and Dundee have a Lord Provost who is also , ex officio , Lord Lieutenant for that city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It merged with the centre-right Scottish Party in 1934 to form the Scottish National Party , but the SNP remained a peripheral force until the watershed 1967 Hamilton by-election of 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "1967 Hamilton by-election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [153, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Communists won West Fife in 1935 United Kingdom general election and again in 1945 United Kingdom general election ( Willie Gallacher ) and several Glasgow Labour MPs joined the Independent Labour Party in the 1930s , often heavily defeating the official Labour candidates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communists", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "West Fife", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "1935 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [32, 68]}, {"entity": "1945 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [82, 118]}, {"entity": "Willie Gallacher", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [121, 137]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Independent Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [182, 206]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [259, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2017 United Kingdom general election produced a mixed result for the party as it gained six seat and increased its vote by 2.8 % but the party came in third behind the Scottish National Party and Scottish Conservatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "2017 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [4, 40]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [172, 195]}, {"entity": "Scottish Conservatives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the four subsequent UK elections ( 2001 United Kingdom general election , 2005 United Kingdom general election , 2010 United Kingdom general election and 2015 United Kingdom general election ) the Conservatives won only one Scottish seat .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "2001 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [38, 74]}, {"entity": "2005 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 113]}, {"entity": "2010 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [116, 152]}, {"entity": "2015 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [157, 193]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [227, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most famously , the Houses of House of York and House of Lancaster , whose feuding over the succession to the English throne after the end of the main line of the House of Plantagenet caused the Wars of the Roses , were both established when the Duchies of York and Lancaster were given as appanages for Edmund of Langley and John of Gaunt , the younger sons of King Edward III .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "House of Lancaster", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "House of Plantagenet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 183]}, {"entity": "Wars of the Roses", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [195, 212]}, {"entity": "Duchies of York", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [246, 261]}, {"entity": "Lancaster", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [266, 275]}, {"entity": "Edmund of Langley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [304, 321]}, {"entity": "John of Gaunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [326, 339]}, {"entity": "Edward III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [367, 377]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was put in charge of governing Lingling ( present day Yongzhou , Hunan ) , Guiyang and Changsha commanderies and collecting taxes to fund the military .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yongzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Hunan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Guiyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Changsha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Liu Bei refused , Sun Quan ordered Lü Meng to lead troops to seize three commanderies - Changsha ( 長沙 ) , Lingling ( 零陵 ; around present-day Yongzhou , Hunan ) and Guiyang ( 桂陽 ; around present-day Chenzhou , Hunan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liu Bei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "Sun Quan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Lü Meng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Changsha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "長沙", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "Lingling", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "零陵", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "Yongzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "Hunan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "Guiyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "桂陽", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 181]}, {"entity": "Chenzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 211]}, {"entity": "Hunan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Anti-Defamation League has accused ANSWER of supporting terrorist organizations , such as Hezbollah and Hamas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti-Defamation League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "ANSWER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Hezbollah", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "Hamas", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups financially supporting Feingold 's election bid included Planned Parenthood , the League of Conservation Voters , American Bridge 21st Century , and the National Abortion Rights Action League .", "entity": [{"entity": "Feingold", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Planned Parenthood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "League of Conservation Voters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 118]}, {"entity": "American Bridge 21st Century", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 149]}, {"entity": "National Abortion Rights Action League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Zealand 's 48th Parliament operated with both a coalition and a looser agreement : the government was a coalition between the New Zealand Labour Party and the Progressives , while United Future and New Zealand First had an agreement to support the government on confidence matters , while the Green Party abstained .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "48th Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "New Zealand Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [130, 154]}, {"entity": "Progressives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [184, 197]}, {"entity": "New Zealand First", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [202, 219]}, {"entity": "Green Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [297, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Eurozone crisis , the two main parties , The People of Freedom and the Democratic Party , along with other minor political forces , supported the Monti cabinet , and eventually , after the 2013 Italian general election , formed a grand coalition in support of the Letta Cabinet , which , however , was opposed by a new major political force in parliament , the anti-establishment Five Star Movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eurozone crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "The People of Freedom", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "Monti cabinet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "2013 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [200, 229]}, {"entity": "Letta Cabinet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [275, 288]}, {"entity": "Five Star Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [391, 409]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a period of negotiations , the party formed a pact with Republican Left of Catalonia , Initiative for Catalonia Greens and the United and Alternative Left , and governed in Catalonia until 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican Left of Catalonia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [62, 90]}, {"entity": "Initiative for Catalonia Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [93, 124]}, {"entity": "United and Alternative Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [133, 160]}, {"entity": "Catalonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PSOE 's motion passed with the support of Unidos Podemos ( UP ) , Republican Left of Catalonia ( ERC ) , Catalan European Democratic Party ( PDeCAT ) , Basque Nationalist Party ( PNV ) , Coalició Compromís , EH Bildu and New Canaries ( NCa ) , bringing down the Rajoy government .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSOE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Unidos Podemos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "UP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "Republican Left of Catalonia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 98]}, {"entity": "ERC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "Catalan European Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 142]}, {"entity": "PDeCAT", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Basque Nationalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [156, 180]}, {"entity": "PNV", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [183, 186]}, {"entity": "Coalició Compromís", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [191, 209]}, {"entity": "EH Bildu", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [212, 220]}, {"entity": "New Canaries", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 237]}, {"entity": "NCa", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [240, 243]}, {"entity": "Rajoy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [266, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the same day as the 2019 general election , 2019 Valencian regional election , where the Socialist Party of the Valencian Country was re-elected , in coalition with the Valencianist party Coalició Compromís and UP .", "entity": [{"entity": "2019 Valencian regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [47, 79]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party of the Valencian Country", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [92, 132]}, {"entity": "Coalició Compromís", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [191, 209]}, {"entity": "UP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [214, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PSOE finished first in terms of votes and seats in every region except for 2019 Cantabrian regional election , where the Regionalist Party of Cantabria ( PRC ) finished first and the PSOE third behind the PP , and 2019 Navarrese regional election , where the conservative regionalist Navarra Suma finished first and the Socialist Party of Navarre finished second .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSOE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "2019 Cantabrian regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 112]}, {"entity": "Regionalist Party of Cantabria", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 155]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [158, 161]}, {"entity": "PSOE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [187, 191]}, {"entity": "PP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [209, 211]}, {"entity": "2019 Navarrese regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [218, 250]}, {"entity": "Navarra Suma", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [288, 300]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party of Navarre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [324, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party took over the Presidency of the 2019 Canarian regional election with the support of New Canaries and Podemos , ending 26 years of Canarian Coalition government .", "entity": [{"entity": "2019 Canarian regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [42, 73]}, {"entity": "New Canaries", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Podemos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Canarian Coalition", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PSOE , UP , En Comú Podem , Grupo Común da Esquerda , PNV , Más País , Compromís , NCa , the Galician Nationalist Bloc ( BNG ) and Teruel Existe ( TE ) voting in favor of the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSOE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "UP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "En Comú Podem", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Grupo Común da Esquerda", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "PNV", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Más País", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Compromís", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "NCa", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "Galician Nationalist Bloc", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 122]}, {"entity": "BNG", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "Teruel Existe", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "TE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [151, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current prime minister of Denmark is Mette Frederiksen who , since 27 June 2019 , has led a one-party government consisting of the Social Democrats with parliamentary support from the Danish Social Liberal Party , Socialist People 's Party , Red-Green Alliance , the Faroese Social Democratic Party and Greenland ' s Inuit Ataqatigiit and Siumut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mette Frederiksen", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [41, 58]}, {"entity": "Social Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "Danish Social Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [188, 215]}, {"entity": "Socialist People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [218, 243]}, {"entity": "Red-Green Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [246, 264]}, {"entity": "Faroese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [271, 278]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [279, 302]}, {"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [307, 316]}, {"entity": "Inuit Ataqatigiit", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [321, 338]}, {"entity": "Siumut", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [343, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 23 , 1945 , La Pasionaria left Moscow on a trip to Tehran , Baghdad and Cairo .", "entity": [{"entity": "La Pasionaria", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Tehran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1642 parliament seized control of the Tower mint and after Charles I tried to arrest the Five Members he was forced to flee London , establishing at least 16 emergency mints across the British Isles in Colchester , Chester , Cork , Edinburgh , Dublin , Exeter , Salisbury , parts of Cornwall including Truro , Weymouth , Worcester , York , Carlisle , Newark , Pontefract and Scarborough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "British Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "Colchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [218, 225]}, {"entity": "Cork", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 232]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [235, 244]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [247, 253]}, {"entity": "Exeter", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [256, 262]}, {"entity": "Salisbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [265, 274]}, {"entity": "Cornwall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [286, 294]}, {"entity": "Truro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [305, 310]}, {"entity": "Weymouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [313, 321]}, {"entity": "Worcester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [324, 333]}, {"entity": "York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [336, 340]}, {"entity": "Carlisle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [343, 351]}, {"entity": "Newark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [354, 360]}, {"entity": "Pontefract", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [363, 373]}, {"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [378, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Satellite mints to aid in the re-coinage were established in Bristol , Chester , Exeter , Norwich , and York , with returned coins being valued by weight , not face value .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Exeter", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Norwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whelan was defeated by Conservative Party of Canada Jeff Watson at the 2004 Canadian federal election , and unsuccessfully tried to win back her old seat in 2006 Canadian federal election and the 2008 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whelan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [23, 51]}, {"entity": "Jeff Watson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [71, 101]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [157, 187]}, {"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [196, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While Nemanja 's envoys were negotiating with Berthold as Barbarossa 's representative , Nemanja took Pernik , Zemen , Velbužd , Žitomisk , Stobi , Prizren and rest of Kosovo and Metohija and even Skopje .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nemanja", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "Berthold", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Barbarossa", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Nemanja", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Pernik", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Zemen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "Velbužd", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "Žitomisk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Stobi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Prizren", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Kosovo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Metohija", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "Skopje", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [197, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other currently elected parties in Victorian politics include the Australian Greens Victoria , the Reason Party , the Justice Party , the Liberal Democratic Party , the Shooters , Fishers and Farmers Party , Sustainable Australia , the Animal Justice Party , and Transport Matters Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victorian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Australian Greens Victoria", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 92]}, {"entity": "Reason Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "Justice Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Liberal Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [138, 162]}, {"entity": "Shooters , Fishers and Farmers Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 205]}, {"entity": "Sustainable Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [208, 229]}, {"entity": "Animal Justice Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [236, 256]}, {"entity": "Transport Matters Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [263, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "State parties which exclusively contest Victorian state elections include the Aussie Battler Party , Hudson for Northern Victoria , Victorian Socialists , and Vote 1 Local Jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victorian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Aussie Battler Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "Hudson for Northern Victoria", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 129]}, {"entity": "Victorian Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "Vote 1 Local Jobs", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [159, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cabinet is composed of 21 members , with fifteen coming from the Socialist Party of Albania , four from the Socialist Movement for Integration and one from the Democratic Party of Albania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socialist Party of Albania", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 95]}, {"entity": "Socialist Movement for Integration", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 146]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of Albania", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Personal exhibitions include such as Janos Gallery in New York City ( 1993 ) ; Place de Médiathèque in France ( 1995 ) ; Acud in Berlin ( 1993 ) ; São Paulo in Brazil ( 1994 ) ; Israel ( 1995 ) ; National Art Gallery in Tirana , Albania ( 1992 ) ; and Gallery XXI in Albania ( 1999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janos Gallery", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Place de Médiathèque", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Acud", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "São Paulo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "National Art Gallery", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [196, 216]}, {"entity": "Tirana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [220, 226]}, {"entity": "Albania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [229, 236]}, {"entity": "Gallery XXI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [252, 263]}, {"entity": "Albania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [267, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 2007 elections , and the death of Anakpawis representative Crispin Beltran , Bayan now has five combined representatives in the 14th Congress of the Philippines , Satur Ocampo and Teodoro Casiño of Bayan Muna , Rafael V. Mariano of Anakpawis , and Liza Maza and Luzviminda Ilagan of GABRIELA .", "entity": [{"entity": "2007 elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Anakpawis", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Crispin Beltran", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "Bayan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "14th Congress of the Philippines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 170]}, {"entity": "Satur Ocampo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [173, 185]}, {"entity": "Teodoro Casiño", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [190, 204]}, {"entity": "Bayan Muna", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [208, 218]}, {"entity": "Rafael V. Mariano", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [221, 238]}, {"entity": "Anakpawis", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [242, 251]}, {"entity": "Liza Maza", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [258, 267]}, {"entity": "Luzviminda Ilagan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [272, 289]}, {"entity": "GABRIELA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [293, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glasgow Prestwick is Scotland 's fifth-busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic , after Edinburgh , Glasgow , Aberdeen and Inverness , although it is the largest in terms of land area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glasgow Prestwick", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "Inverness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the size of the remaining retail units reflects the size of the area 's population and with larger shopping facilities within reasonable travelling distance in Grimsby , Kingston upon Hull , Doncaster , Lincoln , Leeds and at Meadowhall Centre , Sheffield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grimsby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Kingston upon Hull", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 196]}, {"entity": "Doncaster", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [211, 218]}, {"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [221, 226]}, {"entity": "Meadowhall Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [234, 251]}, {"entity": "Sheffield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [254, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six offices were set up : in Chang 'an , Luoyang , Handan , Linzi ( modern Zibo , Shandong ) , Wancheng ( modern Nanyang , Henan ) , and Chengdu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang 'an", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Luoyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Handan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Linzi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Zibo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Wancheng", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Nanyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "Henan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Chengdu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CFR is headquartered in Bucharest and has regional divisions centered in Bucharest , Brașov , Cluj-Napoca , Constanța , Craiova , Galați , Iași and Timișoara .", "entity": [{"entity": "CFR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Brașov", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Cluj-Napoca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Constanța", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "Craiova", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "Galați", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "Iași", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "Timișoara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michener first ran for political office in 1943 Ontario general election as the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario candidate in the riding of St. David , but was defeated by William Dennison of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michener", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1943 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [43, 72]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [80, 121]}, {"entity": "St. David", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "William Dennison", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [181, 197]}, {"entity": "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [205, 241]}, {"entity": "CCF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [244, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerned Women for America has been actively involved in the prevention of sex trafficking ; working closely with the National Organization for Women , the Family Research Council , Catholics for Choice , Gloria Steinem , and Charles Colson , the CWA has increased awareness of this issue , and was a major contributor in the establishment of The Trafficking Victims Protection Act ( TVPA ) in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "National Organization for Women", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 150]}, {"entity": "Family Research Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 180]}, {"entity": "Catholics for Choice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 203]}, {"entity": "Gloria Steinem", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "Charles Colson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [227, 241]}, {"entity": "CWA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [248, 251]}, {"entity": "Trafficking Victims Protection Act", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [348, 382]}, {"entity": "TVPA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [385, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organization has local chapters in Fredericton , Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , Hamilton , Edmonton , Calgary and Vancouver , plus international chapters in the US and the UK .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fredericton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "Edmonton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [164, 166]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [175, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other minor parties included the Green Party of Canada which ran 79 candidates , Libertarian Party of Canada , the Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada and the Christian Heritage Party of Canada , which was mainly dedicated to opposing abortion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Green Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "Libertarian Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [81, 108]}, {"entity": "Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 147]}, {"entity": "Christian Heritage Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [156, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti-fascist activities in places such as Liverpool , Yorkshire , Bristol and Norwich were heavily influenced by local anarchists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Yorkshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Bristol", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "Norwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imelda also established a network of Philippine Center in major cities abroad such as New York City , Canberra , Hong Kong , and San Francisco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imelda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Philippine Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Canberra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taylor was a candidate for the social democratic New Democratic Party ( NDP ) in Mount Royal on three occasions in the 1960s , beginning with the 1962 Canadian federal election when he came in third behind Liberal Party of Canada Alan MacNaughton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "NDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "Mount Royal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "1962 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [146, 176]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [206, 229]}, {"entity": "Alan MacNaughton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [230, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was eclipsed by parties like the ( relatively moderate ) National Peasants ' Party and its more radical Romanian Front offshoot , the National-Christian Defense League ( LANC ) and the Iron Guard .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Peasants ' Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 85]}, {"entity": "Romanian Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "National-Christian Defense League", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [137, 170]}, {"entity": "LANC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "Iron Guard", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [188, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Ruairí Brugha later became a politician , firstly supporting Clann na Poblachta and later Fianna Fáil , and was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1973 Irish general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruairí Brugha", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Clann na Poblachta", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "Fianna Fáil", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Dáil Éireann", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "1973 Irish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [151, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some international routes operate from Chengdu , Chongqing , Dalian , Hangzhou , Kunming and Xiamen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chengdu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Chongqing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Dalian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Hangzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Kunming", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "Xiamen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at Congregation of Christian Brothers in Synge Street , Dublin ; University College Dublin and Harvard Business School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congregation of Christian Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 53]}, {"entity": "Synge Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "University College Dublin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "Harvard Business School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He entered the British Diplomatic Service in 1883 , and served in minor positions at embassies in Berlin , Rome , Athens and Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Diplomatic Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 41]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "Athens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some parts of the denomination belong to the National Association of Evangelicals , the Canadian Council of Churches , and the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Association of Evangelicals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 81]}, {"entity": "Canadian Council of Churches", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 116]}, {"entity": "Evangelical Fellowship of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After serving two terms in the New Hampshire Senate , Shaheen was elected governor in 1996 New Hampshire gubernatorial election and reelected in 1998 New Hampshire gubernatorial election and 2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Hampshire Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "Shaheen", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "1996 New Hampshire gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [86, 127]}, {"entity": "1998 New Hampshire gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [145, 186]}, {"entity": "2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [191, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Scotland , Aberdeen , Dundee , Edinburgh and Glasgow are functionally independent cities , though the term is not used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other recent appearances include Carnegie Hall , the Blue Note ( Milan , Italy ) , the Howard Theater ( Washington DC ) , the Dakota Jazz Club ( Minneapolis ) , BB King Blues Club ( NYC ) , the Cheltenhem Jazz Festival and the Mouth of the Tyne Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Blue Note", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "Howard Theater", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Washington DC", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Dakota Jazz Club", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 142]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "BB King Blues Club", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 179]}, {"entity": "NYC", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "Cheltenhem Jazz Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [194, 218]}, {"entity": "Mouth of the Tyne Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [227, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tends to lead to the chamber being dominated by two major political groups , the centre-right Coalition ( consisting of the Liberal Party of Australia and National Party of Australia Parties ) and the centre-left Australian Labor Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [160, 187]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [218, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALP = Australian Labor Party , L + NP = grouping of Liberal Party of Australia / National Party of Australia / Liberal National Party of Queensland / Country Liberal Party Coalition parties ( and predecessors ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [6, 28]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [81, 108]}, {"entity": "Liberal National Party of Queensland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [111, 147]}, {"entity": "Country Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served twice as leader of the Liberal Party of Australia ( 1983-1985 and 1989-1990 ) , leading the party to defeat at the 1984 Australian federal election and 1990 Australian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [33, 59]}, {"entity": "1984 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [125, 157]}, {"entity": "1990 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [162, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the 2000s ( decade ) , Thai aggressively continued its route network expansion with new services to Chengdu , Busan , Chennai , Xiamen , Milan , Moscow , Islamabad , Hyderabad , Johannesburg ( later suspended ) and Oslo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Chengdu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Busan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "Chennai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "Xiamen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "Islamabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "Hyderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 186]}, {"entity": "Johannesburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [189, 201]}, {"entity": "Oslo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 23 September 2016 , Thai Smile , Thai 's subsidiary announced four new services to Gaya , Varanasi , Jaipur , and Lucknow in India marking the expansion of Thai 's network in regional market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thai Smile", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Gaya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Varanasi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "Jaipur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Lucknow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "Thai", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , in Israel , party lists had been decided upon by the parties ' committees , but since the late 1970s , almost every party in Israel ( with the exception of the Ultra-orthodox ones , Shas and United Torah Judaism , and many of the Centrist parties ; Yesh Atid , Israel Resilience Party , Telem , and Kulanu ) has followed Dash 's lead and adopted the primaries system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "Shas", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [195, 199]}, {"entity": "United Torah Judaism", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 224]}, {"entity": "Centrist parties", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [243, 259]}, {"entity": "Yesh Atid", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [262, 271]}, {"entity": "Israel Resilience Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [274, 297]}, {"entity": "Telem", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [300, 305]}, {"entity": "Kulanu", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [312, 318]}, {"entity": "Dash", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [334, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Canada , BOCC has ten locations located in Markham , Scarborough ( under the name GTA Toronto branch ) , Toronto ( several branches , in North York and downtown ) , Mississauga , Vancouver , Montreal , and Calgary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "BOCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Markham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "GTA Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "North York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "Mississauga", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 202]}, {"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It operates four channels : TVR1 , TVR2 , TVR3 and TVRi , along with six regional studios in Bucharest , Cluj-Napoca , Iași , Timișoara , Craiova and Târgu Mureș .", "entity": [{"entity": "TVR1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "TVR2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "TVR3", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "TVRi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "Cluj-Napoca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Iași", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Timișoara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "Craiova", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "Târgu Mureș", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , the Rainbow Coalition was joined nationwide by Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) , the Brown Berets , American Indian Movement , and the Red Guard Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rainbow Coalition", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "Students for a Democratic Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 88]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "Brown Berets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "American Indian Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 142]}, {"entity": "Red Guard Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also became a member of the March 14 Alliance , along with the Future Movement , Progressive Socialist Party , Lebanese Forces and other minor parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "March 14 Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "Future Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Progressive Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [84, 111]}, {"entity": "Lebanese Forces", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections - in the elections of 1876 United States presidential election , 1880 United States presidential election , and 1884 United States presidential election , before fading away .", "entity": [{"entity": "1876 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 119]}, {"entity": "1880 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [122, 162]}, {"entity": "1884 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [169, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chandrika Kumaratunga briefly took over the leadership of her husband 's party , and formed the United Socialist Alliance with the Communist Party of Sri Lanka , the Lanka Sama Samaja Party , and the Nava Sama Samaja Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chandrika Kumaratunga", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "United Socialist Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 159]}, {"entity": "Lanka Sama Samaja Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [166, 189]}, {"entity": "Nava Sama Samaja Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of western alienation both the dominant Conservative and Liberal parties were challenged in the west by the rise of a number of protest parties including the Progressive Party of Canada , the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) , the Reconstruction Party of Canada and the Social Credit Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Liberal", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [170, 197]}, {"entity": "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 240]}, {"entity": "CCF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [243, 246]}, {"entity": "Reconstruction Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [255, 285]}, {"entity": "Social Credit Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [294, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the end , there were three candidates in the party 's 2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election : former Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper , former Magna International CEO Belinda Stronach , and former Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Cabinet minister Tony Clement .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [57, 110]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "Magna International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [169, 188]}, {"entity": "Belinda Stronach", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [193, 209]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [223, 264]}, {"entity": "Tony Clement", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [282, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are other small conservative parties with which the federal Conservative Party has close ties , such as the Saskatchewan Party and the British Columbia Liberal Party ( not associated with the federal Liberal Party of Canada despite its name ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [124, 142]}, {"entity": "British Columbia Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [151, 181]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [216, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Alberta , relations became strained between the federal Conservative Party and the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta prior to its provincial loss in 2015 Alberta general election and eventually emergence with the Wildrose Party into the United Conservative Party in 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [86, 133]}, {"entity": "2015 Alberta general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [166, 195]}, {"entity": "Wildrose Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [230, 244]}, {"entity": "United Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [254, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was linked with the provincial United Farmers of Canada parties in several provinces , and it spawned the Progressive Party of Saskatchewan , and the Progressive Party of Manitoba , which formed the government of that province .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Farmers of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party of Saskatchewan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 142]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party of Manitoba", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most sitting UFA MPs joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party , and all the UFA MPs were defeated at the polls in the 1935 Canadian federal election by the Social Credit Party of Canada political landslide .", "entity": [{"entity": "UFA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [32, 68]}, {"entity": "UFA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "1935 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [131, 161]}, {"entity": "Social Credit Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progressive MP Agnes Macphail was re-elected in the 1935 Canadian federal election as a United Farmers of Ontario - Labour candidate but was defeated running under the same banner in the 1940 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progressive", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Agnes Macphail", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "1935 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [52, 82]}, {"entity": "United Farmers of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [88, 113]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "1940 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [187, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan ran seven candidates and elected six members to the Saskatchewan legislature in the 1921 Saskatchewan general election despite the absence of a provincial organization due to the reluctance of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers ' Association to break with the Saskatchewan Liberal Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progressive Party of Saskatchewan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 37]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "1921 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [122, 156]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan Grain Growers ' Association", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [235, 275]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [294, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For four decades , the party dominated the British Columbian political scene , with the only break occurring between the 1972 British Columbia general election and 1975 British Columbia general election when the British Columbia New Democratic Party governed .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Columbian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "1972 British Columbia general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [121, 159]}, {"entity": "1975 British Columbia general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [164, 202]}, {"entity": "British Columbia New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [212, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 1952 British Columbia general election , the coalition government between the British Columbia Liberal Party and British Columbia Conservative Party reformed the electoral system from first past the post to the alternative vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "1952 British Columbia general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [8, 46]}, {"entity": "British Columbia Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [86, 116]}, {"entity": "British Columbia Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quickly became active in the party , making two sacrificial-lamb bids for Parliament against entrenched but vulnerable New Zealand Labour Party incumbents in 1954 New Zealand general election ( Mount Albert ) and 1957 New Zealand general election ( Waitemata ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 146]}, {"entity": "1954 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [161, 194]}, {"entity": "Mount Albert", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [197, 209]}, {"entity": "1957 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [216, 249]}, {"entity": "Waitemata", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [252, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spivak has received 11 honorary doctorates from the University of Toronto , University of London , Oberlin College , Rovira i Virgili University , Rabindra Bharati University , National University of General San Martín , University of St Andrews , Université de Vincennes à Saint-Denis , Presidency University , Yale University , and University of Ghana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spivak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "University of Toronto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "University of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "Oberlin College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "Rovira i Virgili University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 144]}, {"entity": "Rabindra Bharati University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 174]}, {"entity": "National University of General San Martín", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 218]}, {"entity": "University of St Andrews", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 245]}, {"entity": "Université de Vincennes à Saint-Denis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [248, 285]}, {"entity": "Presidency University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [288, 309]}, {"entity": "Yale University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [312, 327]}, {"entity": "University of Ghana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [334, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UFP presented itself as an alternative to the main three parties in Québec : the centre-left Parti Québécois , the centre-right Quebec Liberal Party , and the conservative Action démocratique du Québec / Equipe Mario Dumont , saying that all three are but different faces of the same right-wing ideology called neoliberalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "UFP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Québec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Parti Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Quebec Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "Action démocratique du Québec", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [176, 205]}, {"entity": "Mario Dumont", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "neoliberalism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The commission set up eight regional offices in Jalalabad , Herat , Kunduz , Kabul , Gardez , Kandahar , Mazar-i-Sharif and Bamyan as well as in the Pakistan i cities of Peshawar and Quetta , and in the Iran ian cities of Tehran and Mashhad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jalalabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "Herat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Kunduz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Kabul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Gardez", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Kandahar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "Mazar-i-Sharif", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "Bamyan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 130]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Peshawar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Quetta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [203, 207]}, {"entity": "Tehran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [222, 228]}, {"entity": "Mashhad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NDP focused the campaign on winning ridings in Canada 's urban centres , hoping especially to win seats in central Toronto , Hamilton , Ottawa and Winnipeg .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "Winnipeg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at the University of Basel , University of Heidelberg , University of Bern , and University of Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Basel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "University of Heidelberg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "University of Bern", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , students from Santa Ana College , Santiago Canyon College , Fullerton College , and Golden West College can local fixed route buses for free using their student ID .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Ana College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "Santiago Canyon College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 71]}, {"entity": "Fullerton College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "Golden West College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of 16 , he graduated from high school in Husum and later studied at the universities of University of Jena , University of Bonn , Leipzig , Berlin , and University of Tübingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Husum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "University of Jena", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "University of Bonn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 138]}, {"entity": "Leipzig", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "University of Tübingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served twice as Liberal Party of Australia , from 2008 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill to 2009 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill when he was Leader of the Opposition , and from 2015 to 2018 when he was Prime Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "2008 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [53, 101]}, {"entity": "2009 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [105, 153]}, {"entity": "Opposition", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [180, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other controversial municipal amalgamations took place during Harris ' second term , including in Ottawa , Hamilton , Greater Sudbury and Kawartha Lakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "Greater Sudbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "Kawartha Lakes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was re-elected in the elections of 1966 Manitoba general election , 1969 Manitoba general election , 1973 Manitoba general election and 1977 Manitoba general election , each time by a significant margin .", "entity": [{"entity": "1966 Manitoba general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [38, 68]}, {"entity": "1969 Manitoba general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [71, 101]}, {"entity": "1973 Manitoba general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [104, 134]}, {"entity": "1977 Manitoba general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [139, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states , including Denver , Boston , Chicago , Oklahoma ( Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular ) and Oregon ( Portland in particular ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnamese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "Tulsa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "Portland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Union party won seven seats , and was included in Ariel Sharon 's coalition , alongside Likud , Shinui , the National Religious Party , and Yisrael BaAliyah .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Union party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "Ariel Sharon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Likud", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Shinui", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "National Religious Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 146]}, {"entity": "Yisrael BaAliyah", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shalala has been elected to the Council on Foreign Relations ; National Academy of Education ; the National Academy of Public Administration ; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; the American Philosophical Society ; the National Academy of Social Insurance ; the American Academy of Political and Social Science ; and the National Academy of Medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shalala", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Council on Foreign Relations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 60]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Education", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 92]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Public Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 140]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 184]}, {"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 221]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Social Insurance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 264]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Political and Social Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [271, 319]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Medicine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [330, 358]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned from the governorship to briefly co-lead the Sunrise Party , then joined the Japan Restoration Party and returned to the House of Representatives in the 2012 Japanese general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunrise Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Japan Restoration Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [89, 112]}, {"entity": "House of Representatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 157]}, {"entity": "2012 Japanese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [165, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1872 to 1874 , Kuropatkin studied at the Nicholas General Staff Academy , after which he was dispatched as a military attaché to Berlin and Paris , completing his military studies , and with the French troops in Algiers , accompanying a French expedition to Sahara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuropatkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Nicholas General Staff Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 76]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [200, 206]}, {"entity": "Algiers", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [217, 224]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 248]}, {"entity": "Sahara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [263, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compulsory voting was introduced for the 1915 Queensland state election , for federal elections since the 1925 Australian federal election , Australian Electoral Commission-Page 4 Voter turnout-2016 House of Representatives and Senate elections and Victoria introduced it for the Legislative Assembly at the 1927 Victorian state election and for Legislative Council elections in 1935 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1915 Queensland state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [41, 71]}, {"entity": "1925 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [106, 138]}, {"entity": "Australian Electoral Commission-Page", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 177]}, {"entity": "House of Representatives and Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 234]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [249, 257]}, {"entity": "Legislative Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [280, 300]}, {"entity": "1927 Victorian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [308, 337]}, {"entity": "Legislative Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [346, 365]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the 2004 Australian federal election , at which the Liberal Party of Australia - National Party of Australia coalition government won a majority in both houses , a senior minister , Senator Nick Minchin , said that he favoured the abolition of compulsory voting .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [14, 46]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [62, 88]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [91, 118]}, {"entity": "Nick Minchin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [200, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALP = Australian Labor Party , L + NP = grouping of Liberal Party of Australia / National Party of Australia / Liberal National Party of Queensland / Country Liberal Party Coalition parties ( and predecessors ) , Oth = other parties and independents .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [6, 28]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [81, 108]}, {"entity": "Liberal National Party of Queensland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [111, 147]}, {"entity": "Country Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Operations started in July 1933 , initially linking Cairo with Alexandria and Mersa Matruh using de Havilland DH.84 Dragon equipment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Alexandria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Mersa Matruh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "de Havilland DH.84 Dragon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2006 , The carrier links Cairo with Sharm El Sheikh , Hurghada , Luxor , Aswan , Marsa Alam , Abu Simbel and Alexandria ( Egypt ) in addition to secondary destinations to complement the parent company 's network .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Sharm El Sheikh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Hurghada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Luxor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "Aswan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "Marsa Alam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Abu Simbel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Alexandria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 2011 , they are part of the Coalició Compromís coalition , which won six seats in the 2011 Valencian regional election s and 19 in the 2015 Valencian regional election , becoming the third largest party in the regional parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coalició Compromís", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "2011 Valencian regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [92, 124]}, {"entity": "2015 Valencian regional election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [141, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Republican Left of the Valencian Country , Socialist Party of National Liberation ( currently integrated in Catalan Solidarity for Independence ) , Estat Català also support this idea to a greater or lesser extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican Left of the Valencian Country", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party of National Liberation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [43, 81]}, {"entity": "Catalan Solidarity for Independence", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [108, 143]}, {"entity": "Estat Català", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gazprom is listed on the stock markets of Moscow , London , Karachi , Berlin , Frankfurt and Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gazprom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Karachi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Frankfurt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Davies was first elected to parliament in 1997 Canadian federal election and re-elected in 2000 Canadian federal election , 2004 Canadian federal election , 2006 Canadian federal election and 2008 Canadian federal election and 2011 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davies", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "1997 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [42, 72]}, {"entity": "2000 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [91, 121]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [124, 154]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [157, 187]}, {"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [192, 222]}, {"entity": "2011 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [227, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Workers ' Party had its best performance at the polls in 1989 when it won seven seats in the 1989 Irish general election and party president Proinsias De Rossa won a seat in Dublin in the 1989 European Parliament election in Ireland held on the same day , sitting with the communist Left Unity group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Workers ' Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "1989 Irish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [97, 124]}, {"entity": "Proinsias De Rossa", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "1989 European Parliament election in Ireland", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [192, 236]}, {"entity": "Left Unity", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [287, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attempts to secure its operation on a permanent basis had been frustrated by disagreements between the two main unionist parties ( the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and the Ulster Unionist Party ) and Sinn Féin , the largest nationalist party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 160]}, {"entity": "DUP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "Ulster Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [177, 198]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 2003 election , the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Féin displaced the more moderate Ulster Unionist Party and Social Democratic and Labour Party as the largest parties in the unionist and nationalist blocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [27, 52]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Ulster Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [95, 116]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ALP was defeated at three consecutive federal elections under Evatt 's leadership , in 1954 Australian federal election , 1955 Australian federal election and 1958 Australian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Evatt", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "1954 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [91, 123]}, {"entity": "1955 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [126, 158]}, {"entity": "1958 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [163, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , Agamben is teaching at Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio ( Università della Svizzera Italiana ) and has taught at the Università IUAV di Venezia , the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris , and the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee , Switzerland ; he previously taught at the University of Macerata and at the University of Verona , both in Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agamben", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 73]}, {"entity": "Università della Svizzera Italiana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 110]}, {"entity": "Università IUAV di Venezia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 161]}, {"entity": "Collège International de Philosophie", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 204]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [208, 213]}, {"entity": "European Graduate School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 248]}, {"entity": "Saas-Fee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [252, 260]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "University of Macerata", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [305, 327]}, {"entity": "University of Verona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [339, 359]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [370, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During campaigning for the 1978 French legislative election , in his Verdun-sur-le-Doubs speech , President Giscard d 'Estaing noted that the political leanings of the French people were divided among four groups : the Communists ( French Communist Party ) , the Socialists ( PS ) , the Neo-Gaullists ( Rally for the Republic ) and his own followers .", "entity": [{"entity": "1978 French legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [27, 59]}, {"entity": "Verdun-sur-le-Doubs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "Giscard d 'Estaing", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [108, 126]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "French Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [232, 254]}, {"entity": "Rally for the Republic", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [303, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has been a frequent candidate for the French presidency , starting with 1974 French presidential election , and continuing through those of 1981 French presidential election , 1988 French presidential election , 1995 French presidential election , 2002 French presidential election , and 2007 French presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "1974 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [76, 109]}, {"entity": "1981 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [144, 177]}, {"entity": "1988 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [180, 213]}, {"entity": "1995 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [216, 249]}, {"entity": "2002 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [252, 285]}, {"entity": "2007 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [292, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regional office is located in Edmonton with three district offices located in Winnipeg , Regina and Calgary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Winnipeg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Regina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2007 French presidential election , he supported the Union for a Popular Movement ( UMP ) candidate Nicolas Sarkozy , despite having been a minister in a socialist government , and being a member of the Radical Party of the Left ( PRG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2007 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 40]}, {"entity": "Union for a Popular Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 88]}, {"entity": "UMP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "Nicolas Sarkozy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Radical Party of the Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [210, 235]}, {"entity": "PRG", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [238, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyndall was to be the leader of this new party , with the majority of its members coming from the NNF , although others were defectors from the NF , British Movement , British Democratic Party , and Constitutional Movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyndall", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "NNF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "NF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "British Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [149, 165]}, {"entity": "British Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [168, 192]}, {"entity": "Constitutional Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The left-wing Fatherland for All ( Spanish : Patria Para Todos or PPT ) , Movement for Socialism ( Spanish : Movimiento al Socialismo or MAS ) , Radical Cause ( Spanish : Causa R ) and For Social Democracy ( Spanish : Por la Democracia Social ) initially supported Chavismo , but they have since distanced themselves from it and now oppose it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatherland for All", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Patria Para Todos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "Movement for Socialism", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 96]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Movimiento al Socialismo", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 133]}, {"entity": "MAS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "Radical Cause", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "Causa R", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "For Social Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [185, 205]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [208, 215]}, {"entity": "Por la Democracia Social", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [218, 242]}, {"entity": "Chavismo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [265, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He first defeated three-term Republican incumbent Al D 'Amato before being reelected in 2004 United States Senate election in New York with 71 percent of the vote , in 2010 United States Senate election in New York with 66 percent of the vote , and in 2016 United States Senate election in New York with 70 percent of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Al D 'Amato", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "2004 United States Senate election in New York", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [88, 134]}, {"entity": "2010 United States Senate election in New York", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [168, 214]}, {"entity": "2016 United States Senate election in New York", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [252, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the main goals of the Dal is to build the Ramjanmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya , the Krishnajanmabhoomi temple in Mathura and the Kashi Vishwanath temple in Varanasi , which are currently disputed places of worship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramjanmabhoomi temple", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "Ayodhya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Krishnajanmabhoomi temple", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 113]}, {"entity": "Mathura", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "Kashi Vishwanath temple", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 156]}, {"entity": "Varanasi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , Orchard was a member of the now defunct Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC Party ) , and opposed the party 's merger with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orchard", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [53, 93]}, {"entity": "PC Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 167]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [180, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agency also has offices in Ottawa , at the David Florida Laboratory , and small liaison offices in Houston ; Washington , D.C. ; and Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "David Florida Laboratory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 71]}, {"entity": "Houston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Washington , D.C.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also known for the brutalities during the capture of Mechelen , Zutphen , Naarden and Haarlem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mechelen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Zutphen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Naarden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Haarlem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of major Christian democratic parties include the Christian Democratic Union of Germany , the Austrian People 's Party , Ireland 's Fine Gael , the Christian Democratic Party of Chile , the Aruban People 's Party , the Dutch Christian Democratic Appeal , the Christian Democratic People 's Party of Switzerland and the Spanish People 's Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian Democratic Union of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [59, 96]}, {"entity": "Austrian People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [103, 127]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic Party of Chile", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [157, 192]}, {"entity": "Aruban People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 221]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 233]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic Appeal", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [234, 261]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic People 's Party of Switzerland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [268, 319]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [328, 335]}, {"entity": "People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [336, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because Sendai is near several major fishing ports , such as Kesennuma , Ishinomaki , and Shiogama , and the fact that Miyagi Prefecture is a major producer of rice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Kesennuma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Ishinomaki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Shiogama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "Miyagi Prefecture", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various sporting venues can be found in Sendai , such as Hitomebore Stadium Miyagi ( venue of 2002 FIFA World Cup ) , Yurtec Stadium Sendai , Rakuten Seimei Park Miyagi , Kamei Arena Sendai , Koshin Gom Athlete Park Sendai , Shellcom Sendai and Sendai Hi-Land Raceway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Hitomebore Stadium Miyagi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 82]}, {"entity": "2002 FIFA World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "Yurtec Stadium Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 139]}, {"entity": "Rakuten Seimei Park Miyagi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 168]}, {"entity": "Kamei Arena Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 189]}, {"entity": "Koshin Gom Athlete Park Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [192, 222]}, {"entity": "Shellcom Sendai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [225, 240]}, {"entity": "Sendai Hi-Land Raceway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [245, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the elections of 1969 New Zealand general election and 1972 New Zealand general election , McKinnon stood unsuccessfully as the New Zealand National Party ' s candidate in the Birkenhead electorate , having previously served on two of the party 's electorate committees .", "entity": [{"entity": "1969 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [20, 53]}, {"entity": "1972 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [58, 91]}, {"entity": "McKinnon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 157]}, {"entity": "Birkenhead", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GO Transit 's lines extend into the nearby Niagara and Waterloo Regions , the cities of Brantford and Peterborough , Simcoe , Dufferin and Wellington Counties an area largely coextensive with the Greater Golden Horseshoe .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO Transit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Niagara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Waterloo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Brantford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "Peterborough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "Simcoe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Dufferin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Wellington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "Greater Golden Horseshoe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [196, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Party was most recently in government from 2008 New Zealand general election to 2017 under John Key and Bill English ; it governed with support from the centrist United Future , the classical-liberal ACT New Zealand and the indigenous-rights-based Māori Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "2008 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [56, 89]}, {"entity": "John Key", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "Bill English", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [175, 188]}, {"entity": "ACT New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [213, 228]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [261, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holyoake 's government lasted twelve years , the party gaining re-election three times ( in 1963 New Zealand general election , 1966 New Zealand general election , and 1969 New Zealand general election ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holyoake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1963 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [92, 125]}, {"entity": "1966 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [128, 161]}, {"entity": "1969 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [168, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "National formed a minority government under John Key with confidence-and-supply support from the ACT New Zealand ( 5 seats ) , the Māori Party ( 5 seats ) and United Future ( 1 seat ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Key", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "ACT New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NF was founded by A. K. Chesterton , formerly of the British Union of Fascists , as a merger between his League of Empire Loyalists and the British National Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "A. K. Chesterton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "British Union of Fascists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 82]}, {"entity": "League of Empire Loyalists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 135]}, {"entity": "British National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Born and raised in Indianapolis , Indiana , Cantwell graduated from Miami University before moving to Seattle to work on Alan Cranston ' s 1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indianapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Indiana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Cantwell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Miami University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Alan Cranston", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [139, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cantwell was reelected in 2006 United States Senate election in Washington , 2012 United States Senate election in Washington , and 2018 United States Senate election in Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cantwell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "2006 United States Senate election in Washington", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [26, 74]}, {"entity": "2012 United States Senate election in Washington", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 125]}, {"entity": "2018 United States Senate election in Washington", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [132, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tories lost power to the United Farmers of Ontario in the 1919 Ontario general election but were able to regain office in 1923 Ontario general election due to the UFO 's disintegration and divisions in the Ontario Liberal Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tories", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "United Farmers of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [29, 54]}, {"entity": "1919 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [62, 91]}, {"entity": "1923 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [126, 155]}, {"entity": "UFO", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [167, 170]}, {"entity": "Ontario Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [210, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hampton sought election to the Ontario legislature under the NDP banner in the 1977 Ontario general election , placing third against incumbent Ontario Liberal Party T. Patrick Reid and Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario Gordon Armstrong in Rainy River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hampton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Ontario legislature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "NDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "1977 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 108]}, {"entity": "Ontario Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [143, 164]}, {"entity": "T. Patrick Reid", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [165, 180]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [185, 226]}, {"entity": "Gordon Armstrong", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [227, 243]}, {"entity": "Rainy River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [247, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went from place to place , in danger of his life , denouncing the errors of the Papacy and the abuses in the churches of Montrose , Dundee ( where he escaped an attempt on his life ) , Ayr , Perth , Edinburgh , Leith , Haddington ( where Knox accompanied him ) and elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Papacy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Montrose", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Ayr", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [188, 191]}, {"entity": "Perth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [202, 211]}, {"entity": "Leith", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "Haddington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [222, 232]}, {"entity": "Knox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Departing from Middlesbrough railway station , Northern operates rail services throughout the north-east region including to Newcastle upon Tyne , Sunderland , Darlington , Redcar and Whitby , whilst TransPennine Express provides direct rail services to cities such as Leeds , York , Liverpool and Manchester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough railway station", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 44]}, {"entity": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "Darlington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "Redcar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "Whitby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 190]}, {"entity": "TransPennine Express", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [200, 220]}, {"entity": "Leeds", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [269, 274]}, {"entity": "York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [277, 281]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [284, 293]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [298, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has since been re-elected in 2002 United States Senate election in Illinois , 2008 United States Senate election in Illinois and 2014 United States Senate election in Illinois , each time by at least 10 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "2002 United States Senate election in Illinois", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [32, 78]}, {"entity": "2008 United States Senate election in Illinois", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [81, 127]}, {"entity": "2014 United States Senate election in Illinois", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [132, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the June 1946 French legislative election , the Rally of Left Republicans ( , RGR ) , which encompassed the Radical-Socialist Party , the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance and other conservative parties , unsuccessfully attempted to oppose the Christian democrat and socialist Popular Republican Movement alliance .", "entity": [{"entity": "June 1946 French legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [8, 45]}, {"entity": "Rally of Left Republicans", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 77]}, {"entity": "RGR", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Radical-Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 135]}, {"entity": "Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [142, 190]}, {"entity": "Christian democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [263, 281]}, {"entity": "Popular Republican Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [296, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stabenow has received low scores from free-market groups ( Competitive Enterprise Institute , 2013 , 0 % ; American Conservative Union , 2016 , 0 % ; Americans for Prosperity , 2015-16 , 0 % ) and high scores from fiscally liberal groups ( Progressive Punch , 2015 , 92 % ; NETWORK , A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby , 2012 , 91 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stabenow", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Competitive Enterprise Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 91]}, {"entity": "American Conservative Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 134]}, {"entity": "Americans for Prosperity", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 174]}, {"entity": "Progressive Punch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 257]}, {"entity": "NETWORK , A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [274, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has received low scores from low-spending advocates ( Club for Growth , 2016 , 8 % ; Citizens Against Government Waste , 2015 , 0 % ; National Taxpayers Union , 2015 , 9 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Club for Growth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "Citizens Against Government Waste", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 122]}, {"entity": "National Taxpayers Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levin was re-elected in 1984 United States Senate election in Michigan , 1990 United States Senate election in Michigan , 1996 United States Senate election in Michigan , 2002 United States Senate election in Michigan and 2008 United States Senate election in Michigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "1984 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [24, 70]}, {"entity": "1990 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [73, 119]}, {"entity": "1996 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [122, 168]}, {"entity": "2002 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [171, 217]}, {"entity": "2008 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [222, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the French newspaper , only La Paz , El Alto , Sucre , Potosí , Camiri and Santa Cruz de la Sierra are now connected to the gas network ; making an interior network which would reach all Bolivians would cost $ 1.5 billion , notwithstanding a central gas pipeline to link the various regions together .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "La Paz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "El Alto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Sucre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Potosí", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Camiri", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Santa Cruz de la Sierra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "Bolivians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [200, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his junior year at Harvard College , he spent three years studying Japanese at the International Christian University in Tokyo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "International Christian University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 123]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rockefeller was re-elected in 1990 United States Senate election in West Virginia , 1996 United States Senate election in West Virginia , 2002 United States Senate election in West Virginia and 2008 United States Senate election in West Virginia by substantial margins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rockefeller", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "1990 United States Senate election in West Virginia", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [30, 81]}, {"entity": "1996 United States Senate election in West Virginia", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [84, 135]}, {"entity": "2002 United States Senate election in West Virginia", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [138, 189]}, {"entity": "2008 United States Senate election in West Virginia", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [194, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party was established in 1997 by a coalition of former provincial Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Liberal Party party members and supporters who sought to remove the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party ( NDP ) from power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 116]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 147]}, {"entity": "Saskatchewan New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [202, 235]}, {"entity": "NDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [238, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having joined the New Zealand National Party in 1975 , Shipley successfully stood in Ashburton , a safe National seat in the country areas surrounding Christchurch , in the 1987 New Zealand general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [18, 44]}, {"entity": "Ashburton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "Christchurch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "1987 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [173, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 24 February 2016 , the DPJ announced an agreement to merge with the smaller Japan Innovation Party ( JIP ) and Vision of Reform ahead of the 2016 Japanese House of Councillors election in the summer ,", "entity": [{"entity": "DPJ", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "Japan Innovation Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "JIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Vision of Reform", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "2016 Japanese House of Councillors election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [144, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , after the 2004 Australian federal election , it became clear that the governing Liberal Party of Australia / National Party of Australia coalition would gain a majority in the new Senate , which was due to sit the following July .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [24, 56]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 120]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [123, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liebknecht was a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) , opposed to the merger with the Communist Party of Germany and the joining of the Comintern but also to the reunification of the party with the Social Democratic Party of Germany , he continued the USPD as an independent party with Georg Ledebour until its merger into the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands ( SAPD , Socialist Worker 's Party of Germany ) in 1931 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liebknecht", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [31, 77]}, {"entity": "USPD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 146]}, {"entity": "Comintern", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 179]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [232, 266]}, {"entity": "USPD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [286, 290]}, {"entity": "Georg Ledebour", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [320, 334]}, {"entity": "Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [361, 403]}, {"entity": "SAPD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [406, 410]}, {"entity": "Socialist Worker 's Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [413, 449]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the New Zealand National Party won the most seats overall , forming a minority government , the Fifth National Government of New Zealand , with the support of ACT as well as the Māori Party and United Future .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [18, 44]}, {"entity": "Fifth National Government of New Zealand", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 150]}, {"entity": "ACT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [192, 203]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Treaty of Ganghwa became the first unequal treaty signed between Korea and a foreign country ; it gave extraterritorial rights to Japanese citizens in Korea and forced the Korean government to open three ports , Busan , Incheon , and Wonsan , to Japanese and foreign trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treaty of Ganghwa", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [176, 182]}, {"entity": "Busan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "Incheon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [224, 231]}, {"entity": "Wonsan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [238, 244]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other targets included Birmingham and Coventry , and strategically important cities , such as the naval base at Plymouth and the port of Kingston upon Hull .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birmingham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Coventry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Plymouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Kingston upon Hull", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It did not stand candidates in the Māori electorates in the 2002 New Zealand general election , 2005 New Zealand general election , or 2008 New Zealand general elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Māori", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "2002 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [60, 93]}, {"entity": "2005 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [96, 129]}, {"entity": "2008 New Zealand general elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [135, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the only election held in Zimbabwe Rhodesia , Bishop Abel Muzorewa ' s United African National Council ( United African National Council ) won a majority in the common-roll seats , while Ian Smith 's Rhodesian Front ( RF ) won all of the old voter roll seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zimbabwe Rhodesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Abel Muzorewa", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "United African National Council", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 105]}, {"entity": "United African National Council", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [108, 139]}, {"entity": "Ian Smith", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [190, 199]}, {"entity": "Rhodesian Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [203, 218]}, {"entity": "RF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [221, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 4 April , a special conference will be hosted in London to announce the results of the 2020 Labour Party leadership election , the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election and by-elections for two membership election NEC positions and a BAME ( Black And other Minority Ethnicities ) place on the National Executive Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "2020 Labour Party leadership election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [90, 127]}, {"entity": "2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [134, 178]}, {"entity": "NEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "BAME", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [244, 248]}, {"entity": "Black And other Minority Ethnicities", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [251, 287]}, {"entity": "National Executive Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [303, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre-commission training of Gentlemen Cadets is carried out at the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun and the Officers Training Academy at Chennai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Military Academy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 89]}, {"entity": "Dehradun", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "Officers Training Academy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 135]}, {"entity": "Chennai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Imperial Court in Kyoto was the nominal ruling government of Japan from 794 AD until the Meiji period ( 1868-1912 ) , after which the court was moved from Kyoto ( formerly Heian-kyō ) to Tokyo ( formerly Edo ) and integrated into the Meiji government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imperial Court", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Kyoto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Meiji period", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "Kyoto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "Heian-kyō", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 196]}, {"entity": "Edo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "Meiji government", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [238, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Redmond was an excellent representative of the old Ireland , but grew increasingly out-dated as he paid little attention to the new forces attracting younger Irishman , such as Sinn Féin , and the Ancient Order of Hibernians in politics , the Gaelic Athletic Association in sports , and the Gaelic League in cultural affairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Redmond", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Irishman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [177, 186]}, {"entity": "Ancient Order of Hibernians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 224]}, {"entity": "Gaelic Athletic Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [243, 270]}, {"entity": "Gaelic League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [291, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human Rights organizations such as Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch and Freedom House condemn both the Saudi criminal justice system and its severe punishments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "Freedom House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Saudi", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As late as 1970 , most Saudis lived a subsistence life in the rural provinces , but in the last half of the 20th century the kingdom has urbanized rapidly. about 80 % of Saudis live in urban metropolitan areas - specifically Riyadh , Jeddah , or Dammam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Saudis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "Riyadh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [225, 231]}, {"entity": "Jeddah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [234, 240]}, {"entity": "Dammam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [246, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Institutions of higher education include the country 's first university , King Saud University founded in 1957 , the Islamic University of Madinah at Medina founded in 1961 , and the King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah founded in 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "King Saud University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "Islamic University of Madinah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 147]}, {"entity": "Medina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "King Abdulaziz University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 209]}, {"entity": "Jeddah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [213, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this capacity he attended numerous international conferences , including those at Tehran , Yalta , Dumbarton Oaks , and Potsdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tehran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Yalta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Dumbarton Oaks", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Potsdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fate of Poland had been determined in a series of negotiations that included the conferences in Tehran , Yalta , and Potsdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Tehran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Yalta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Potsdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strictness of these qualifications led to the 1999 Singaporean presidential election , 2005 Singaporean presidential election , and 2017 Singaporean presidential election being walkovers as only one candidate had qualified on nomination day ..", "entity": [{"entity": "1999 Singaporean presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [50, 88]}, {"entity": "2005 Singaporean presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [91, 129]}, {"entity": "2017 Singaporean presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [136, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karamanlis won three successive elections ( 1956 Greek legislative election , 1958 Greek legislative election and 1961 Greek legislative election ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karamanlis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "1956 Greek legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [44, 75]}, {"entity": "1958 Greek legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [78, 109]}, {"entity": "1961 Greek legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [114, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ruling coalition , consisting of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia ( SDP ) , Croatian People 's Party ( HNS ) , Croatian Peasant Party ( HSS ) , Party of Liberal Democrats ( Libra ) and the Liberal Party ( LS ) did not contest the elections as a single bloc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Croatia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 75]}, {"entity": "SDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "Croatian People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [86, 110]}, {"entity": "HNS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "Croatian Peasant Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 143]}, {"entity": "HSS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "Party of Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [154, 180]}, {"entity": "Libra", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [183, 188]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 212]}, {"entity": "LS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [215, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Namely , the SDP ran with the Istrian Democratic Assembly ( IDS ) , the Party of Liberal Democrats ( Libra ) and the Liberal Party ( LS ) , HNS ran with the Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar ( PGS ) and the Slavonia-Baranja Croatian Party ( SBHS ) , while HSS ran on its own .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Istrian Democratic Assembly", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [30, 57]}, {"entity": "IDS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Party of Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 98]}, {"entity": "Libra", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "LS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "HNS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [157, 190]}, {"entity": "PGS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [193, 196]}, {"entity": "Slavonia-Baranja Croatian Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [207, 238]}, {"entity": "SBHS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [241, 245]}, {"entity": "HSS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [256, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carstairs led the Liberal Party to a dramatic resurgence in the 1988 Manitoba general election , which saw the election of a Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba minority government under Gary Filmon and the reduction of the New Democratic Party of Manitoba from government to third party status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carstairs", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "1988 Manitoba general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [64, 94]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 167]}, {"entity": "Gary Filmon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [194, 205]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party of Manitoba", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [231, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bill was backed by the Labour Party , the Liberal Democrats , Plaid Cymru , the Scottish National Party and the Social Democratic and Labour Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Plaid Cymru", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [84, 107]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The New Zealand Labour Party had taken office after defeating the New Zealand National Party under Robert Muldoon in the 1984 New Zealand general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 92]}, {"entity": "Robert Muldoon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "1984 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [121, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the Liberal Party of Australia and its predecessors ( the Nationalist Party and the United Australia Party ) have been in coalition with the National Party of Australia ( or its predecessor the Country Party ) , the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate his party 's members of the Coalition ministry , and to be consulted by the Prime Minister on the allocation of their portfolios .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [9, 35]}, {"entity": "Nationalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "United Australia Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [89, 111]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 173]}, {"entity": "Country Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1942 , every member of the Cabinet has been a member of the Australian Labor Party , the Liberal Party of Australia , or the National Party of Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [66, 88]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [95, 121]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Union populaire was succeeded by the Parti nationaliste du Québec in the 1984 Canadian federal election , and subsequently by the Bloc Québécois .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union populaire", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Parti nationaliste du Québec", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 69]}, {"entity": "1984 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 107]}, {"entity": "Bloc Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both liberal ( like the American Civil Liberties Union ) and conservative groups ( like the Traditional Values Coalition ) as well as other groups such as the Christian Legal Society , the American Jewish Congress , the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty , and the National Association of Evangelicals joined forces to support RFRA , which would reinstate the Sherbert Test , overturning laws if they burden a religion .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil Liberties Union", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [24, 54]}, {"entity": "Traditional Values Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 120]}, {"entity": "Christian Legal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 182]}, {"entity": "American Jewish Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 213]}, {"entity": "Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [220, 265]}, {"entity": "National Association of Evangelicals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [276, 312]}, {"entity": "RFRA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [338, 342]}, {"entity": "Sherbert Test", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [371, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Born in Pownal , he first ran for public office in the 1921 Canadian federal election as a United Farmers of Canada - Progressive Party of Canada candidate , but failed to win a seat in the House of Commons of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pownal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "1921 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [55, 85]}, {"entity": "United Farmers of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [91, 115]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 145]}, {"entity": "House of Commons of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [190, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He soon became president of the national Social Credit Party of Canada , doing much to rebuild the party after it was shut out of Parliament in the massive Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC ) landslide of 1958 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Credit Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 70]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [156, 196]}, {"entity": "PC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 201]}, {"entity": "1958 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [217, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party was founded on 5 January 1930 by the merger of the Hapoel Hatzair founded by A. D. Gordon and the original Ahdut HaAvoda ( founded in 1919 from the right , more moderate , wing of the Zionist socialist Poale Zion led by David Ben-Gurion ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hapoel Hatzair", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "A. D. Gordon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "Ahdut HaAvoda", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Zionist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "Poale Zion", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [212, 222]}, {"entity": "David Ben-Gurion", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [230, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party refused to admit Arab members until the late 1960s , instead setting up a succession of satellite parties for Israeli Arabs , including the Democratic List of Nazareth , the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs , Agriculture and Development , Progress and Work , Cooperation and Brotherhood , Progress and Development and Cooperation and Development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "Israeli Arabs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "Democratic List of Nazareth", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 177]}, {"entity": "Democratic List for Israeli Arabs", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [184, 217]}, {"entity": "Agriculture and Development", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [220, 247]}, {"entity": "Progress and Work", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [250, 267]}, {"entity": "Cooperation and Brotherhood", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [270, 297]}, {"entity": "Progress and Development", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [300, 324]}, {"entity": "Cooperation and Development", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [329, 356]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ben-Gurion became Prime Minister and formed a coalition with the United Religious Front , the Progressive Party , the Sephardim and Oriental Communities and the Democratic List of Nazareth ( an Israeli Arab party associated with Mapai ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben-Gurion", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "United Religious Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "Sephardim and Oriental Communities", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 152]}, {"entity": "Democratic List of Nazareth", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [161, 188]}, {"entity": "Israeli Arab", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 206]}, {"entity": "Mapai", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [229, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ben-Gurion again formed the government with the support of Mizrachi , Hapoel HaMizrachi , Agudat Yisrael , Poalei Agudat Yisrael and the three Israeli Arab parties associated with Mapai , the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs , Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben-Gurion", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Mizrachi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Hapoel HaMizrachi", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Agudat Yisrael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Poalei Agudat Yisrael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "Israeli Arab", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [143, 155]}, {"entity": "Mapai", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "Democratic List for Israeli Arabs", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [192, 225]}, {"entity": "Progress and Work", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [228, 245]}, {"entity": "Agriculture and Development", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [250, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ben Gurion returned as Prime Minister , and formed a coalition with the National Religious Front ( which later changed its name to the National Religious Party ) , Mapam , Ahdut HaAvoda , and the three Israeli Arab parties , the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs , Progress and Work and Agriculture and Development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Gurion", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "National Religious Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "Mapam", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "Ahdut HaAvoda", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [172, 185]}, {"entity": "Israeli Arab", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "Israeli Arabs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [249, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan of the party nominated candidates in the 2003 Saskatchewan general election , and the 2007 Saskatchewan general election , but none were elected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 46]}, {"entity": "2003 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [88, 122]}, {"entity": "2007 Saskatchewan general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [133, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When this draft was discussed in 1929 by the judiciary committee of the Reichstag , the Social Democratic Party of Germany , the Communist Party of Germany , and the left-wing liberal German Democratic Party at first managed to mobilize a majority of 15 to 13 votes against Paragraph 296 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reichstag", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [88, 122]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Germany", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "German Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [184, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gorelick has served on the boards of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Urban Institute , the Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorelick", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 86]}, {"entity": "Urban Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 155]}, {"entity": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the Hawke Labor opposition defeated the Fraser - Doug Anthony Liberal Party of Australia - National Party of Australia coalition , Labor retained its four Senate seats in New South Wales , with Richardson polling the third highest quota at the 1983 Australian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawke Labor", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "Fraser", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Doug Anthony", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [65, 91]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 121]}, {"entity": "Labor", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "1983 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [247, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richardson was re-elected to the Senate at the 1984 Australian federal election , 1987 Australian federal election , and 1993 Australian federal election federal elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "1984 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [47, 79]}, {"entity": "1987 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [82, 114]}, {"entity": "1993 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [121, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1963 Canadian federal election , he ran unsuccessfully as a Liberal Party of Canada in the riding of Port Arthur , losing to the New Democratic Party candidate , Douglas Fisher .", "entity": [{"entity": "1963 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [3, 33]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "Port Arthur", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "Douglas Fisher", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [165, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scottish Labour , the Scottish National Party , Liberal Democrats , and Scottish Greens campaigned for a Yes vote for both proposals whilst the Conservatives opposed both proposals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "Scottish Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Conservatives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other fellowships included the Guggenheim 1988-1989 ; the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1977 and 1979 ; Fulbright 1964-1965 and 1977 ; SSRC-ACLS 1966-1968 ; Ford Foundation , 1970 ; German Marshall Fund , 1979 ; Social Science Research Council , 1982 ; SSRC-Foreign Policy Studies , 1988-1989 and was made a Harold Lasswell by the American Academy of Political and Social Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guggenheim", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 106]}, {"entity": "Fulbright", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "SSRC-ACLS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "Ford Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 191]}, {"entity": "German Marshall Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 221]}, {"entity": "Social Science Research Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [231, 262]}, {"entity": "SSRC-Foreign Policy Studies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [272, 299]}, {"entity": "Harold Lasswell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [327, 342]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Political and Social Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [350, 398]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Yes campaign was officially supported by Wilson - the Liberal Party , the Social Democratic and Labour Party , the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland and the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Yes campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Wilson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "the Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 112]}, {"entity": "Alliance Party of Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [119, 153]}, {"entity": "Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [162, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other organisations that have participated at the Freedom Festival have included the Adam Smith Institute , Big Brother Watch , Conservative Way Forward , the Centre for Policy Studies , the Institute of Economic Affairs , the TaxPayers Alliance and Global Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freedom Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "Adam Smith Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Big Brother Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "Conservative Way Forward", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 152]}, {"entity": "Centre for Policy Studies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 184]}, {"entity": "Institute of Economic Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 220]}, {"entity": "TaxPayers Alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [227, 245]}, {"entity": "Global Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [250, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was suspected de Lille would either revive her old political party , the Independent Democrats , or either join the African National Congress or the Economic Freedom Fighters .", "entity": [{"entity": "de Lille", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Independent Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "African National Congress", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [119, 144]}, {"entity": "Economic Freedom Fighters", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [152, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ilić was nominated for president in 2008 Serbian presidential election by New Serbia with support of Democratic Party of Serbia , United Serbia and List for Sandžak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ilić", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "2008 Serbian presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [36, 70]}, {"entity": "New Serbia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of Serbia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 127]}, {"entity": "United Serbia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "List for Sandžak", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joining forces for the 2003 parliamentary election , they achieved limited success , but more importantly managed to get into the coalition that formed the minority government ( along with Democratic Party of Serbia , G17 Plus ) , providing it with critical parliamentary seats to keep the far-right radicals ( Serbian Radical Party ) at bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "2003 parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [23, 50]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of Serbia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [189, 215]}, {"entity": "G17 Plus", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [218, 226]}, {"entity": "Serbian Radical Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [311, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goldstone serves on the Board of Directors of several nonprofit organisations that promote justice , including Physicians for Human Rights , the International Center for Transitional Justice , the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation , the South African Legal Services Foundation , the Brandeis University Center for Ethics , Justice , and Public Life , Human Rights Watch , and the Center for Economic and Social Rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goldstone", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Physicians for Human Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 138]}, {"entity": "International Center for Transitional Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 190]}, {"entity": "Institute for Justice and Reconciliation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 237]}, {"entity": "South African Legal Services Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 283]}, {"entity": "Brandeis University Center for Ethics , Justice , and Public Life", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [290, 355]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [358, 376]}, {"entity": "Center for Economic and Social Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [387, 424]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , Cox campaigned for Labour in the run-up to that year 's 2007 Scottish Parliament election . However , Cox endorsed the Scottish National Party in the 2011 Scottish Parliament election , only because of their higher education policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cox", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "2007 Scottish Parliament election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [66, 99]}, {"entity": "Cox", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 152]}, {"entity": "2011 Scottish Parliament election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [160, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two members being appointed by each of the National Governors Association , the National Conference of State Legislatures , the National Association of Secretaries of State , the National Association of State Election Directors , the National Association of Counties , the )", "entity": [{"entity": "National Governors Association", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "National Conference of State Legislatures", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 121]}, {"entity": "National Association of Secretaries of State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 172]}, {"entity": "National Association of State Election Directors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 227]}, {"entity": "National Association of Counties", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [234, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "François Bayrou ( , born 25 May 1951 ) is a French centrist politician and the president of the Democratic Movement ( MoDem ) , who was a candidate in the 2002 French presidential election , 2007 French presidential election and 2012 French presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "François Bayrou", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Democratic Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "MoDem", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "2002 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [155, 188]}, {"entity": "2007 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [191, 224]}, {"entity": "2012 French presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [229, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No Montreal-area riding has elected a Conservative or any member of the party 's predecessors - the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , the Canadian Alliance and the Reform Party of Canada - since 1988 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal-area", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [100, 140]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "Reform Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "1988 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [204, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1980 the party merged with the Anti-Revolutionary Party ( ARP ) and the Christian Historical Union ( CHU ) to form the Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti-Revolutionary Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "ARP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "Christian Historical Union", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [75, 101]}, {"entity": "CHU", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic Appeal", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 149]}, {"entity": "CDA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The act led to a significant increase in the number of MEPs being returned from minor parties in the 1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom , with more Liberal Democrats , along with the first European representatives for Plaid Cymru and the first national representatives for both the Green Party of England and Wales and the United Kingdom Independence Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEPs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [101, 156]}, {"entity": "Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 186]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [210, 218]}, {"entity": "Plaid Cymru", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [239, 250]}, {"entity": "Green Party of England and Wales", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [303, 335]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [344, 377]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tradition was broken in 1993 when massive vote-splitting between the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and Reform Party of Canada allowed the Liberal Party of Canada to sneak up the middle and take the riding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 114]}, {"entity": "Reform Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [154, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both losses ( 1974 Canadian federal election and 1993 Canadian federal election ) have come at the hands of Liberal Party of Canada candidates who failed to retain the seat at the next election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1974 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "1993 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [49, 79]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [108, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UK Independence Party ( UKIP ) , Green Party of England and Wales and Plaid Cymru gained their first ever seats in the European Parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "UKIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Green Party of England and Wales", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [37, 69]}, {"entity": "Plaid Cymru", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "European Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UK Independence Party , Green Party of England and Wales and Plaid Cymru won their first ever seats in the European Parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "Green Party of England and Wales", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 60]}, {"entity": "Plaid Cymru", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "European Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sponsoring organizations included NARAL Pro-Choice America , Choice USA , the Feminist Majority Foundation , Planned Parenthood , the American Civil Liberties Union , the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People , the National Organization for Women , Code Pink , and Black Women 's Health Imperative .", "entity": [{"entity": "NARAL Pro-Choice America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "Choice USA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Feminist Majority Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 106]}, {"entity": "Planned Parenthood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "American Civil Liberties Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 164]}, {"entity": "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 229]}, {"entity": "National Organization for Women", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [236, 267]}, {"entity": "Code Pink", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [270, 279]}, {"entity": "Black Women 's Health Imperative", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [286, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advocating staunch Islamist political views during his university years , Gül became a Member of Parliament for Kayseri in 1991 and was re-elected in 1995 Turkish general election , 1999 Turkish general election , 2002 Turkish general election and 2007 Turkish general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "Gül", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "1995 Turkish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [150, 179]}, {"entity": "1999 Turkish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [182, 211]}, {"entity": "2002 Turkish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [214, 243]}, {"entity": "2007 Turkish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [248, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2004 Canadian federal election , the Conservative Party of Canada selected Adam Richardson , who had run for the Canadian Alliance in the 2000 Canadian federal election , but national head office refused to sign his nomination papers , apparently because of Richardson 's demands that Stephen Harper apologize for comments about Atlantic Canadians .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "Adam Richardson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "2000 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [145, 175]}, {"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [265, 275]}, {"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [292, 306]}, {"entity": "Atlantic Canadians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [336, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of February 2019 , the Party is the fourth-largest political party in the State of New York , ranking behind the Democratic Party , the Republican Party and the Independence Party of New York and ahead of the Working Families Party and the Green Party of New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "Independence Party of New York", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 194]}, {"entity": "Working Families Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [212, 234]}, {"entity": "Green Party of New York", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [243, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar mechanisms exist in other organizations : International Atomic Energy Agency , Council of Europe , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States , International Labour Bureau , and the World Trade Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Atomic Energy Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 84]}, {"entity": "Council of Europe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 134]}, {"entity": "Organization of American States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 168]}, {"entity": "International Labour Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 198]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [209, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , Kaczyński co-founded the Law and Justice party , after splitting from the Solidarity Electoral Action and the Christian National Union , along with his brother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaczyński", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "Law and Justice", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "Solidarity Electoral Action", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [84, 111]}, {"entity": "Christian National Union", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then chosen to fill the casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Brian Archer in 1994 , and was elected in his own right at the subsequent 1998 Australian federal election and re-elected in 2004 Australian federal election and 2004 Australian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Archer", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "1998 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [149, 181]}, {"entity": "2004 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [200, 232]}, {"entity": "2004 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [237, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout his political career he has been variously associated with conservative groups , including the Association of Christian Parent Controlled Schools , Salt Shakers , Focus on the Family , Lyons Forum , Endeavour Forum , Family Council of Victoria , Fatherhood Foundation , Australian Christian Lobby , Australian Family Association and Right to Life Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association of Christian Parent Controlled Schools", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 156]}, {"entity": "Salt Shakers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 171]}, {"entity": "Focus on the Family", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 193]}, {"entity": "Lyons Forum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "Endeavour Forum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [210, 225]}, {"entity": "Family Council of Victoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 254]}, {"entity": "Fatherhood Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [257, 278]}, {"entity": "Australian Christian Lobby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [281, 307]}, {"entity": "Australian Family Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [310, 339]}, {"entity": "Right to Life Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [344, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2018 Victorian state election and 2019 Australian federal election Socialist Alternative campaigned alongside the Socialist Alliance to support the newly founded left-wing political party , the Victorian Socialists .", "entity": [{"entity": "2018 Victorian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 36]}, {"entity": "2019 Australian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [41, 73]}, {"entity": "Socialist Alternative", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "Socialist Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [121, 139]}, {"entity": "Victorian Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [201, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "244 Among the most important are World Vision International ( 1950 ) , Samaritan 's Purse ( 1970 ) , Mercy Ships ( 1978 ) , Prison Fellowship International ( 1979 ) , International Justice Mission ( 1997 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Vision International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 59]}, {"entity": "Samaritan 's Purse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "Mercy Ships", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Prison Fellowship International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 155]}, {"entity": "International Justice Mission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the local Northern Ireland parties represented in the Northern Ireland Peace Forum , the Ulster Unionist Party , Social Democratic and Labour Party , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , Progressive Unionist Party , Ulster Democratic Party , Northern Ireland Women 's Coalition and local Labour groups supported the proposals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland Peace Forum", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 85]}, {"entity": "Ulster Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [92, 113]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 150]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "Alliance Party of Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [165, 199]}, {"entity": "Progressive Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [202, 228]}, {"entity": "Ulster Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [231, 254]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland Women", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [257, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Republic of Ireland , all parties represented in the Oireachtas were in favour - Fianna Fáil , Fine Gael , Labour , Progressive Democrats , Democratic Left , Green Party , Sinn Féin and the Socialist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republic of Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [7, 26]}, {"entity": "Oireachtas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Fianna Fáil", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Progressive Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [123, 144]}, {"entity": "Democratic Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "Green Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [197, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1984 Canadian federal election , the seat was won by Progressive Conservative Party of Canada Robert de Cotret , who held it until the 1988 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1984 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 100]}, {"entity": "Robert de Cotret", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "1988 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [142, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2004 Canadian federal election and the 2006 Canadian federal election , Bloc Québécois MP Guy André was elected in the riding .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [46, 76]}, {"entity": "Bloc Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "Guy André", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Opposition Australian Labor Party announced they would not support the bill ; nor would the Australian Greens , Australian Democrats or independent Senator Brian Harradine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "Australian Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "Australian Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [116, 136]}, {"entity": "Brian Harradine", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Belfast North at the 2017 United Kingdom general election , the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) were criticised for standing Martin McAuley as a paper candidate - a deliberately weak candidate , a 26-year-old with little experience , on the assumption that nationalist and Catholic voters would instead vote for Sinn Féin , instead of the unionist candidate Nigel Dodds ( Democratic Unionist Party ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belfast North", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "2017 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [24, 60]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [67, 101]}, {"entity": "SDLP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "Martin McAuley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [140, 154]}, {"entity": "nationalist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [272, 283]}, {"entity": "Catholic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [288, 296]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [327, 336]}, {"entity": "unionist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [354, 362]}, {"entity": "Nigel Dodds", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [373, 384]}, {"entity": "Democratic Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [387, 412]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there have been cases of unexpected surges for certain parties ( such as Labour in 1992 Irish general election and Sinn Féin in 2020 Irish general election ) that led to many paper candidates being unexpectedly elected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "1992 Irish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [93, 120]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "2020 Irish general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [138, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In neighbouring Alberta , The United Conservative Party formed from a merger of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta and Wildrose Party parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "United Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [30, 55]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [84, 131]}, {"entity": "Wildrose Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [136, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 1999 Scottish Parliament election to the reconvened Scottish Parliament in 1999 , the Scottish Liberal Democrats signed up to what was termed a partnership government with Scottish Labour , with both parties providing ministers in a shared government .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999 Scottish Parliament election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [10, 43]}, {"entity": "Scottish Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "Scottish Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 122]}, {"entity": "Scottish Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australian parliaments are modelled on the Westminster system , with a hung parliament typically defined as a lack of a lower house parliamentary majority from either the Australian Labor Party or Liberal Party of Australia / National Party of Australia Coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Westminster system", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [171, 193]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [197, 223]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [226, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent examples include 1991 New South Wales state election , Queensland in 1998 Queensland state election and 2015 Queensland state election , 1999 Victorian state election , 1997 South Australian state election and 2002 South Australian state election , 2008 Western Australian state election , the 2008 Australian Capital Territory general election , and 2010 Tasmanian state election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1991 New South Wales state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [24, 59]}, {"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "1998 Queensland state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [76, 106]}, {"entity": "2015 Queensland state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [111, 141]}, {"entity": "1999 Victorian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [144, 173]}, {"entity": "1997 South Australian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [176, 212]}, {"entity": "2002 South Australian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [217, 253]}, {"entity": "2008 Western Australian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [256, 294]}, {"entity": "2008 Australian Capital Territory general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [301, 351]}, {"entity": "2010 Tasmanian state election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [358, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the Conservative Party had a plurality of seats , the Liberal Party of Canada and New Democratic Party , supported by The Bloc Québécois , agreed to defeat the Conservatives in favour of a Liberal / NDP coalition government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 83]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "Bloc Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "Conservatives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "Liberal / NDP coalition government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [195, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only on five occasions since the beginnings of modern party politics in 1890 New Zealand general election has a hung parliament occurred , in 1911 New Zealand general election , 1922 New Zealand general election , 1928 New Zealand general election , 1931 New Zealand general election & amp ; 1993 New Zealand general election respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "1890 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [72, 105]}, {"entity": "1911 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [142, 175]}, {"entity": "1922 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [178, 211]}, {"entity": "1928 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [214, 247]}, {"entity": "1931 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [250, 283]}, {"entity": "1993 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [292, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the Assembly was 2003 National Assembly for Wales election on 1 May 2003 , Welsh Labour won 30 seats , Plaid Cymru won 12 , the Conservatives won 11 , Welsh Liberal Democrats won 6 , and the John Marek Independent Party won a seat .", "entity": [{"entity": "2003 National Assembly for Wales election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [22, 63]}, {"entity": "Welsh Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "Plaid Cymru", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "Conservatives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Welsh Liberal Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [156, 179]}, {"entity": "John Marek Independent Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [196, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also the second-worst defeat of a sitting provincial government in Canada , eclipsed only by the 1987 New Brunswick general election , the 1935 Alberta general election , and the 1935 Prince Edward Island general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "1987 New Brunswick general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [104, 139]}, {"entity": "1935 Alberta general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [146, 175]}, {"entity": "1935 Prince Edward Island general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [186, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially , Reform BC , the British Columbia Social Credit Party , the British Columbia Party , and the Family Coalition Party of British Columbia had joined under the BC Unity umbrella .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reform BC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "British Columbia Social Credit Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 64]}, {"entity": "British Columbia Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "Family Coalition Party of British Columbia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 146]}, {"entity": "BC Unity", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a candidate for the McGillicuddy Serious Party in the 1993 New Zealand general election , for the Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party in the 1996 New Zealand general election and for McGillicuddy Serious again in the 1999 New Zealand general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "McGillicuddy Serious Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "1993 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [62, 95]}, {"entity": "Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [106, 138]}, {"entity": "1996 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [146, 179]}, {"entity": "McGillicuddy Serious", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [188, 208]}, {"entity": "1999 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [222, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These policies ( in particular , the right to buy scheme ) are thought to have caused many people who had traditionally voted Labour in Essex to switch their allegiance in the elections of 1979 United Kingdom general election , 1983 United Kingdom general election and 1987 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "right to buy scheme", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "Essex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "1979 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [189, 225]}, {"entity": "1983 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [228, 264]}, {"entity": "1987 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [269, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 2005 election the members elected were from the following political parties : nine Sinn Féin , five Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) , five Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) and four Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "Ulster Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "UUP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 178]}, {"entity": "SDLP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "Democratic Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [197, 222]}, {"entity": "DUP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese reunification -leaning conservative Pan-Blue Coalition ( consisting of the Kuomintang , People First Party , and New Party ) retained its majority in the legislature , winning 114 seats , compared to 101 seats won by the Taiwan independence -leaning Pan-Green Coalition ( consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party and Taiwan Solidarity Union ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese reunification -leaning conservative Pan-Blue Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 66]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "People First Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [100, 118]}, {"entity": "New Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Taiwan independence -leaning Pan-Green Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [233, 281]}, {"entity": "Democratic Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [302, 330]}, {"entity": "Taiwan Solidarity Union", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [335, 358]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the wake of the landslide victory of the liberal forces led by the United Democrats of Hong Kong ( UDHK ) in the 1991 Hong Kong legislative election of the Legislative Council in 1991 , Lee formed the Co-operative Resources Centre ( CRC ) , a conservative parliamentary group with other appointed and indirectly elected members from the business sectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Democrats of Hong Kong", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 99]}, {"entity": "UDHK", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "1991 Hong Kong legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [116, 151]}, {"entity": "Legislative Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 178]}, {"entity": "Co-operative Resources Centre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 233]}, {"entity": "CRC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [236, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party was launched in January 2006 by Portas , a former member of Forza Italia ( FI ) , and was joined by four regional councillors : Giuliano Manolino ( ex-FI ) , Giovanni Pizzale ( ex- Italy of Values ) , Mauro Laus ( ex-DS ) and Graziella Valloggia ( ex- Communist Refoundation Party ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portas", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Forza Italia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "FI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "Giuliano Manolino", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [138, 155]}, {"entity": "ex-FI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "Giovanni Pizzale", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "Italy of Values", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "Mauro Laus", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [211, 221]}, {"entity": "ex-DS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [224, 229]}, {"entity": "Graziella Valloggia", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [236, 255]}, {"entity": "Communist Refoundation Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [262, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven parties contested the elections as the Mgwirizano Coalition ; the Republican Party , the People 's Progressive Movement , the Movement for Genuine Democratic Change , the People 's Transformation Party , the Malawi Forum for Unity and Development , the National Unity Party and the Malawi Democratic Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mgwirizano Coalition", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "People 's Progressive Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [95, 125]}, {"entity": "Movement for Genuine Democratic Change", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 170]}, {"entity": "People 's Transformation Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [177, 207]}, {"entity": "Malawi Forum for Unity and Development", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [214, 252]}, {"entity": "National Unity Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [259, 279]}, {"entity": "Malawi Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [288, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was re-elected in 1923 United Kingdom general election , 1924 United Kingdom general election and 1929 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1923 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [21, 57]}, {"entity": "1924 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [60, 96]}, {"entity": "1929 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [101, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Eleventh Amendment was introduced by a Fianna Fáil - Progressive Democrats coalition government and was also supported by opposition parties Fine Gael and the Labour Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eleventh Amendment", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Fianna Fáil", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Progressive Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amendment was adopted during the Fianna Fáil - Progressive Democrats coalition government led by Bertie Ahern but had been first drafted and suggested by the previous Fine Gael - Labour Party - Democratic Left government led by John Bruton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fianna Fáil", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Progressive Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [51, 72]}, {"entity": "Bertie Ahern", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [171, 180]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [183, 195]}, {"entity": "Democratic Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [198, 213]}, {"entity": "John Bruton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [232, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party did not win any seats in the 2010 Czech legislative election , 2013 Czech legislative election or 2017 Czech legislative election legislative elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 Czech legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [39, 70]}, {"entity": "2013 Czech legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [73, 104]}, {"entity": "2017 Czech legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [108, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strauss writes that , as a result of far-right involvement , a bizarre ideological turf war has broken out , whereby anti-globalization activists are fighting a two-front battle , one against the World Trade Organization , International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , and World Bank , the other against the extremists who turn up at their rallies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Strauss", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [196, 220]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [223, 250]}, {"entity": "IMF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [253, 256]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [265, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A disastrous ad was run by the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in the 1993 Canadian federal election , apparently emphasizing Liberal Party of Canada leader Jean Chrétien ' s Bell 's Palsy partial facial paralysis in a number of unflattering photos , with the subtext of criticizing his platforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [31, 71]}, {"entity": "1993 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 109]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 158]}, {"entity": "Jean Chrétien", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "Bell 's Palsy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Conservative Party of Canada minority government that was elected in both 2006 Canadian federal election and 2008 Canadian federal election had a platform calling for a repeal of portions of the registry , but did not successfully alter legislation on the registry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [78, 108]}, {"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [113, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St. John 's East was won by Liberal Party of Canada Bonnie Hickey in 1993 Canadian federal election , who was defeated by Progressive Conservative Party of Canada Norman Doyle in the 1997 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. John 's East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "Bonnie Hickey", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "1993 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 162]}, {"entity": "Norman Doyle", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "1997 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [183, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he was returned as MP for Reigate where he was returned again in 1727 British general election and 1734 British general election . He sponsored the Mortmain Act and the Gin Act 1736 , and was noted for his opposition to intoxication , which annoyed the public so much that he was forced to have a guard at his house at all times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reigate", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "1727 British general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [65, 94]}, {"entity": "1734 British general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [99, 128]}, {"entity": "Mortmain Act", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Gin Act 1736", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presidential elections have been held in 1999 Slovak presidential election , 2004 Slovak presidential election , 2009 Slovak presidential election , 2014 Slovak presidential election and 2019 Slovak presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999 Slovak presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [41, 74]}, {"entity": "2004 Slovak presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 110]}, {"entity": "2009 Slovak presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [113, 146]}, {"entity": "2014 Slovak presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [149, 182]}, {"entity": "2019 Slovak presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [187, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dion would hold the riding in 1997 Canadian federal election , and was reelected again in the 2000 Canadian federal election , 2004 Canadian federal election , 2006 Canadian federal election , 2008 Canadian federal election , 2011 Canadian federal election , and 2015 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dion", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "1997 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [30, 60]}, {"entity": "2000 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [94, 124]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [127, 157]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [160, 190]}, {"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [193, 223]}, {"entity": "2011 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [226, 256]}, {"entity": "2015 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [263, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These agreements set the policies for the Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , and World Bank , the so-called Bretton Woods Institutions , launched in the late 1940s for the last two ( the BIS was founded in 1930 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank for International Settlements", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 76]}, {"entity": "BIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 114]}, {"entity": "IMF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Bretton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Woods", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "Institutions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "BIS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [235, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the The New Zealand National Party won the most seats and formed a minority government with the support of ACT , the Māori Party and United Future .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "ACT", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If serving on a deputation , they may be employed in intergovernmental organisation s such as the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Asian Development Bank , the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , or the United Nations , or its agencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 142]}, {"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 171]}, {"entity": "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 214]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [224, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It formed a coalition with the United New Zealand as United Future New Zealand in 2000 and contested the 2002 New Zealand general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "United New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "United Future New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [53, 78]}, {"entity": "2002 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [105, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future New Zealand joined with the United New Zealand to form a coalition known as United Future New Zealand in November 2000 and contested the 2002 New Zealand general election as such .", "entity": [{"entity": "Future New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "United New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "United Future New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [83, 108]}, {"entity": "2002 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [144, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tabuns was re-elected in the 2007 Ontario general election , 2011 Ontario general election , 2014 Ontario general election , and in the 2018 Ontario general election provincial elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tabuns", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "2007 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [29, 58]}, {"entity": "2011 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [61, 90]}, {"entity": "2014 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [93, 122]}, {"entity": "2018 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [136, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She ran again in 1979 , and won the nomination but was defeated in both the 1979 Canadian federal election and 1980 Canadian federal election by Progressive Conservative Party of Canada candidate David Crombie .", "entity": [{"entity": "1979 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [76, 106]}, {"entity": "1980 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [111, 141]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 185]}, {"entity": "David Crombie", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [196, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Condon ran unsuccessfully as a New Democratic Party candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1980 Canadian federal election and 1984 Canadian federal election in the riding of Grand Falls - White Bay - Labrador .", "entity": [{"entity": "Condon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "House of Commons of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 96]}, {"entity": "1980 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [104, 134]}, {"entity": "1984 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [139, 169]}, {"entity": "Grand Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "White Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 210]}, {"entity": "Labrador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [213, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 2008 New Zealand general election , 2011 New Zealand general election and 2014 New Zealand general election s , where the party won five , three and two Māori seats respectively , it supported a government led by the centre-right New Zealand National Party ,", "entity": [{"entity": "2008 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [10, 43]}, {"entity": "2011 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [46, 79]}, {"entity": "2014 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [84, 117]}, {"entity": "Māori", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [240, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The New Zealand National Party won the most seats overall and formed a minority government with the support of the Māori Party , ACT New Zealand and United Future .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Māori Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "ACT New Zealand", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "United Future", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it never reached high shares of vote and never participated in government , the party had close relations with the other parties of the Italian left - from the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Socialist Party to the Italian Communist Party and Proletarian Democracy - and opened its ranks also to members of other parties through dual membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Italian Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 193]}, {"entity": "Italian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [202, 225]}, {"entity": "Italian Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [233, 256]}, {"entity": "Proletarian Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [261, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Radicals continued to participate in elections through the Antiprohibitionists on Drugs list , the Rainbow Greens , the Pannella List , the Bonino List and the Bonino-Pannella List .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antiprohibitionists on Drugs", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [63, 91]}, {"entity": "Rainbow Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "Pannella List", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "Bonino List", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Bonino-Pannella List", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gathering was to criticize unfair trade and undemocratic globalization of the WTO , World Bank , World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , the International Monetary Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "World Economic Forum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "WEF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The election also coincided with the 2004 United Kingdom local elections and the 2004 London Assembly election and 2004 London mayoral election elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 United Kingdom local elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [37, 72]}, {"entity": "2004 London Assembly election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [81, 110]}, {"entity": "2004 London mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [115, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Kingdom local elections of 2004 were held on 10 June , as part of the 2004 set of elections along with the 2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom and the London 2004 London mayoral election and 2004 London Assembly election elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom local elections of 2004", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [4, 42]}, {"entity": "2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [118, 173]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 188]}, {"entity": "2004 London mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [189, 217]}, {"entity": "2004 London Assembly election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [222, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "López Obrador was a candidate for the third time in the 2018 Mexican general election , representing Juntos Haremos Historia , a coalition of the left-wing Labor Party , right-wing Social Encounter Party , and National Regeneration Movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "López Obrador", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "2018 Mexican general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [56, 85]}, {"entity": "Juntos Haremos Historia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 124]}, {"entity": "left-wing Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 167]}, {"entity": "right-wing Social Encounter Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [170, 203]}, {"entity": "National Regeneration Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [210, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Democratic candidates won by large margins in the Southern states in every presidential election from the 1876 United States presidential election to 1948 United States presidential election except for 1928 United States presidential election , when the Democratic candidate was Al Smith , a Catholic New Yorker ; and even in that election , the divided South provided Smith with nearly three-fourths of his electoral votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "1876 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [106, 146]}, {"entity": "1948 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [150, 190]}, {"entity": "1928 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [202, 242]}, {"entity": "Al Smith", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [279, 287]}, {"entity": "Catholic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [292, 300]}, {"entity": "New Yorker", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [301, 311]}, {"entity": "Smith", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [369, 374]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Democratic Party made steady gains there , however , and in 1992 United States presidential election , 1996 United States presidential election , 2004 United States presidential election , 2008 United States presidential election and 2012 United States presidential election all eleven Northeastern states , from Maryland to Maine , voted for the Democrats except New Hampshire leaned more Republican .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "1992 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [64, 104]}, {"entity": "1996 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [107, 147]}, {"entity": "2004 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [150, 190]}, {"entity": "2008 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [193, 233]}, {"entity": "2012 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [238, 278]}, {"entity": "Maryland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [317, 325]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [329, 334]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [351, 360]}, {"entity": "New Hampshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [368, 381]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [394, 404]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olympic athlete Bob Richards ( 1984 United States presidential election ) , David Duke ( a founder of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and a future Louisiana state representative , 1988 United States presidential election ) and former Green Beret Bo Gritz ( 1992 United States presidential election ) were the Populist Party 's only three presidential candidates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Bob Richards", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "1984 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [31, 71]}, {"entity": "David Duke", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Knights of the Ku Klux Klan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 133]}, {"entity": "Louisiana state", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "1988 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [180, 220]}, {"entity": "Green Beret", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [234, 245]}, {"entity": "Bo Gritz", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [246, 254]}, {"entity": "1992 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [257, 297]}, {"entity": "Populist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [309, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then moved to UK Independence Party , for which he stood in Kensington and Chelsea at the 1999 Kensington and Chelsea by-election and the 2001 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "Kensington and Chelsea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "1999 Kensington and Chelsea by-election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [93, 132]}, {"entity": "2001 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [141, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He unsuccessfully stood as a parliamentary candidate for Washington ( in the 1987 United Kingdom general election ) , Gateshead East ( in the 1992 United Kingdom general election ) , and Tynemouth ( in the 1997 United Kingdom general election ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "1987 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 113]}, {"entity": "Gateshead East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "1992 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [142, 178]}, {"entity": "Tynemouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 196]}, {"entity": "1997 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [206, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After standing unsuccessfully at West Derbyshire in 1966 United Kingdom general election , he represented Derby North as a Labour MP from 1970 United Kingdom general election to 1983 United Kingdom general election , when he was defeated by the Conservative Greg Knight .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Derbyshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "1966 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [52, 88]}, {"entity": "Derby North", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Labour", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "1970 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [138, 174]}, {"entity": "1983 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [178, 214]}, {"entity": "Greg Knight", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [258, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helmer was elected to the European Parliament in 1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom , 2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom , and 2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom as a member of the Conservative Party and in 2014 as a member of the UK Independence Party ( UKIP ) , having defected from the Conservatives to UKIP in March 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helmer", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "European Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [49, 104]}, {"entity": "2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [107, 162]}, {"entity": "2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [169, 224]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [244, 262]}, {"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [294, 315]}, {"entity": "UKIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [318, 322]}, {"entity": "Conservatives", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [352, 365]}, {"entity": "UKIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [369, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected for the UK Independence Party in the European elections of 2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom and 2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom , representing UKIP until September 2013 , when UKIP withdrew the party whip from him .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [74, 129]}, {"entity": "2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [134, 189]}, {"entity": "UKIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "UKIP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [238, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party became active participants in by-elections , contesting those held in City of London and Westminster , Beaconsfield , Penrith and the Border and 1983 Bermondsey by-election , as well as putting up two candidates in the general elections of 1979 United Kingdom general election and 1983 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "City of London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Westminster", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Beaconsfield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "Penrith", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "the Border", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "1983 Bermondsey by-election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [155, 182]}, {"entity": "1979 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [250, 286]}, {"entity": "1983 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [291, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stood for election to Parliament at the 1987 United Kingdom general election , the 1992 United Kingdom general election and 1997 United Kingdom general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [43, 79]}, {"entity": "1992 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [86, 122]}, {"entity": "1997 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [127, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It comprised the Federation of The Olive Tree , the Communist Refoundation Party ( PRC ) , the Party of Italian Communists ( PdCI ) , Italy of Values ( IdV ) , the Federation of the Greens and other minor parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federation of The Olive Tree", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 45]}, {"entity": "Communist Refoundation Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 80]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "Party of Italian Communists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [95, 122]}, {"entity": "PdCI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "Italy of Values", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "IdV", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "Federation of the Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Democrats of the Left ( DS ) , Democracy is Freedom - The Daisy ( DL ) and the European Republicans Movement ( MRE ) decided to form a joint electoral list for the 2006 Italian general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrats of the Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "DS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "Democracy is Freedom - The Daisy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [35, 67]}, {"entity": "DL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "European Republicans Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [83, 112]}, {"entity": "MRE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "2006 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [168, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Italian Democratic Socialists ( SDI ) , which were part of the federation and fight the 2004 European and the 2005 regional elections within it , decided not to take part of the joint electoral list for the 2006 general election and , otherwise , to form a common list with the Italian Radicals called Rose in the Fist within The Union coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian Democratic Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 33]}, {"entity": "SDI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "Italian Radicals", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [282, 298]}, {"entity": "Rose in the Fist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [306, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This made the LPR the second largest party in Poland in that election , second only to the liberal conservative Civic Platform ( PO ) , and well ahead of the then ruling post- communist Democratic Left Alliance , the populist Samoobrona and the conservative Law and Justice ( PiS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPR", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Civic Platform", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "PO", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 131]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "Democratic Left Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [186, 210]}, {"entity": "Samoobrona", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [226, 236]}, {"entity": "Law and Justice", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [258, 273]}, {"entity": "PiS", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [276, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EPP includes major centre-right parties such as the CDU / CSU of Germany , The Republicans of France , Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams of Belgium , PNL of Romania , Fine Gael of Ireland , Kokoomus of Finland , New Democracy of Greece , Forza Italia of Italy , the People 's Party ( PP ) of Spain , and the Civic Platform of Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "CDU / CSU", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "The Republicans", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 138]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "PNL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 178]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "Kokoomus", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 211]}, {"entity": "New Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [214, 227]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [231, 237]}, {"entity": "Forza Italia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [256, 261]}, {"entity": "People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [268, 283]}, {"entity": "PP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [286, 288]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [294, 299]}, {"entity": "Civic Platform", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [310, 324]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [328, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UPR cooperated with National Movement in the 2014 European Parliament election in Poland , 2014 Polish local elections and the 2015 Polish presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "UPR", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "National Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "2014 European Parliament election in Poland", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [45, 88]}, {"entity": "2014 Polish local elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [91, 118]}, {"entity": "2015 Polish presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [127, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in the Canada 1993 Canadian federal election , the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada attacked Liberal Party of Canada leader Jean Chrétien by implicitly mocking his Bell 's Palsy partial facial paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "1993 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [28, 58]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [65, 105]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 138]}, {"entity": "Jean Chrétien", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the run up to and the 2015 Canadian federal election itself , Justin Trudeau , Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and the son of Canadian Prime Minister , Pierre Trudeau , was subjected to a sustained negative ad campaign by the Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "2015 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [25, 55]}, {"entity": "Justin Trudeau", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 119]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "Pierre Trudeau", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [161, 175]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [235, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the Social Democratic Party of Finland and the Finnish Centre Party improved their vote at the expense of the conservative National Coalition Party and the Green League .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Finland", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [9, 43]}, {"entity": "Finnish Centre Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "National Coalition Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [128, 152]}, {"entity": "Green League", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The banned monastic orders : Jesuits , Camaldolese , Order of Friars Minor Capuchin , Carmelites , Carthusians , Poor Clares , Order of Saint Benedict , Cistercians , Dominican Order ( Order of Preachers ) , Franciscans , Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit and Premonstratensians , and their wealth was taken over by the Religious Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jesuits", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Camaldolese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Order of Friars Minor Capuchin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 83]}, {"entity": "Carmelites", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Carthusians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Poor Clares", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "Order of Saint Benedict", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 150]}, {"entity": "Cistercians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Dominican Order", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 182]}, {"entity": "Order of Preachers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "Franciscans", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [222, 258]}, {"entity": "Premonstratensians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 281]}, {"entity": "Religious Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [323, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Pakistan the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan enjoyed popular support especially since the formation of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal , and in Algeria the Islamic Salvation Front was expected to win the cancelled elections in 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [16, 40]}, {"entity": "Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [103, 126]}, {"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "Islamic Salvation Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [148, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several public opinion polls predicted that the 2006 Canadian federal election would result in either a strong Conservative minority or a slight majority , the Liberal Party of Canada enjoyed a last-minute surge but were unable to overtake the Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [57, 87]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 192]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [253, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wright served as president of several scholarly bodies , including the American Association of University Professors ( 1944-1946 ) , the American Political Science Association ( 1948-1949 ) , the International Political Science Association ( 1950-1952 ) , and the American Society of International Law ( 1955-1956 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wright", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "American Association of University Professors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 116]}, {"entity": "American Political Science Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 175]}, {"entity": "International Political Science Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [196, 239]}, {"entity": "American Society of International Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [264, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fidesz narrowly lost the 2002 Hungarian parliamentary election and 2006 Hungarian parliamentary election to the Hungarian Socialist Party , with Orbán spending this period as Leader of the Opposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fidesz", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "2002 Hungarian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [25, 62]}, {"entity": "2006 Hungarian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [67, 104]}, {"entity": "Hungarian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 137]}, {"entity": "Orbán", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the sovereigntist Bloc Québécois dominated the mostly francophone East End for 20 years , the largely anglophone and Jewish western portions of the city have been a Liberal Party of Canada and federalist fortress for over six decades , being to the Liberals what rural Alberta is to the Conservative Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "sovereigntist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Bloc Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [171, 194]}, {"entity": "Liberals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [255, 263]}, {"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [275, 282]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [293, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venkataraman was also , variously , a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet ; Governor , International Monetary Fund , the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , and the Asian Development Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venkataraman", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Political Affairs Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 79]}, {"entity": "Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 135]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 176]}, {"entity": "International Bank for Reconstruction and Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 236]}, {"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [247, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rob Schenck , founder of the Washington , D.C. ministry Faith and Action in the Nation 's Capital , described the Family 's influence as off the charts in comparison with other fundamentalist groups , specifically compared to Focus on the Family , Pat Robertson , Gary Bauer , Traditional Values Coalition , and Prison Fellowship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Schenck", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Washington , D.C.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Faith and Action in the Nation 's Capital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 97]}, {"entity": "Focus on the Family", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 245]}, {"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 261]}, {"entity": "Gary Bauer", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [264, 274]}, {"entity": "Traditional Values Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [277, 305]}, {"entity": "Prison Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [312, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O 'Connor continued to be re-elected in Liverpool under this label unopposed in the 1918 United Kingdom general election , 1922 United Kingdom general election , 1923 United Kingdom general election , 1924 United Kingdom general election and 1929 United Kingdom general election general elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "O 'Connor", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "1918 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [84, 120]}, {"entity": "1922 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [123, 159]}, {"entity": "1923 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [162, 198]}, {"entity": "1924 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [201, 237]}, {"entity": "1929 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [242, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 8 , 2005 , LaMarche announced her candidacy on the Maine Green Independent Party ticket for the 2006 Maine gubernatorial election against incumbent Maine Democratic Party John Baldacci .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaMarche", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Maine Green Independent Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [63, 92]}, {"entity": "2006 Maine gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [108, 141]}, {"entity": "Maine Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [160, 182]}, {"entity": "John Baldacci", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "years = 1924 United States presidential election ( lost ) , 1928 United States presidential election ( lost ) , 1932 United States presidential election ( lost ) |", "entity": [{"entity": "1924 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [8, 48]}, {"entity": "1928 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [60, 100]}, {"entity": "1932 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [112, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successor to the FRAP coalition , Popular Unity originally comprised most of the Chilean Left : the Socialist Party of Chile , the Communist Party of Chile , the Radical Party , the Social Democrat Party , the Independent Popular Action and MAPU ( Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "Popular Unity", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Chilean Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party of Chile", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [100, 124]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Chile", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [131, 155]}, {"entity": "Radical Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "Social Democrat Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [182, 203]}, {"entity": "Independent Popular Action", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [210, 236]}, {"entity": "MAPU", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [241, 245]}, {"entity": "Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [248, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 2018 Mexican general election , the National Regeneration Movement proposed having Senator Rabindranath Salazar Solorio as the candidate under the coalition Juntos Haremos Historia for the Governor of Morelos but PES , also part of the coalition , argued Blanco was the better choice for the coalition 's candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "2018 Mexican general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [8, 37]}, {"entity": "National Regeneration Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [44, 74]}, {"entity": "Rabindranath Salazar Solorio", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [99, 127]}, {"entity": "Juntos Haremos Historia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [165, 188]}, {"entity": "Governor of Morelos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [197, 216]}, {"entity": "PES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 224]}, {"entity": "Blanco", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [263, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the following parties and organisations are usually accepted by peers such as the Liberal International , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party , the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats , the Africa Liberal Network , the Liberal Network for Latin America and the European Liberal Forum or scholars as following social liberalism as a core ideology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 113]}, {"entity": "Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 171]}, {"entity": "Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 217]}, {"entity": "Africa Liberal Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 246]}, {"entity": "Liberal Network for Latin America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [253, 286]}, {"entity": "European Liberal Forum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [295, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to embarking on his political career , Tharoor also served on the board of overseers of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy , the board of trustees of the Aspen Institute , and the advisory boards of the Indo-American Arts Council , the American India Foundation , the World Policy Journal , the Virtue Foundation , and the human rights organisation Breakthrough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tharoor", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 134]}, {"entity": "Aspen Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 181]}, {"entity": "Indo-American Arts Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [215, 241]}, {"entity": "American India Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [248, 273]}, {"entity": "World Policy Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [280, 300]}, {"entity": "Virtue Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [307, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2008 Canadian federal election , Di Ianni was the Liberal Party of Canada candidate in the federal riding of Hamilton East - Stoney Creek , losing the race to incumbent MP Wayne Marston of the New Democratic Party by a margin of 6,464 votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "Di Ianni", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 80]}, {"entity": "Hamilton East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Stoney Creek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Wayne Marston", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2008 New Zealand general election , 2011 New Zealand general election , 2014 New Zealand general election and 2017 New Zealand general election general elections also had seven :", "entity": [{"entity": "2008 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [4, 37]}, {"entity": "2011 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [40, 73]}, {"entity": "2014 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [76, 109]}, {"entity": "2017 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [114, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1993 New Zealand general election , however , the new New Zealand First party , led by the part-Māori Winston Peters - who himself held the general seat of Tauranga from 1984 to 2005 - gained the Northern Māori seat ( electing Tau Henare to Parliament ) , and in the 1996 New Zealand general election New Zealand First captured all the Māori electorates for one electoral term .", "entity": [{"entity": "1993 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 40]}, {"entity": "New Zealand First", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "part-Māori", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Winston Peters", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "Tauranga", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "Northern Māori", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [203, 217]}, {"entity": "Tau Henare", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [234, 244]}, {"entity": "1996 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [274, 307]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [308, 319]}, {"entity": "Māori", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [343, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2009 Portuguese legislative election , the party won 21 seats , its most since the 1985 Portuguese legislative election , and increased it to 24 2011 Portuguese legislative election , leading to it forming a coalition government with the PSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "2009 Portuguese legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 43]}, {"entity": "1985 Portuguese legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [90, 126]}, {"entity": "2011 Portuguese legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [152, 188]}, {"entity": "PSD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [245, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Social Democratic and Labour Party , which until recently was the largest nationalist party in Northern Ireland , promotes social democracy , while militant republican parties such as Sinn Féin , Éirígí , Republican Sinn Féin , and the 32 County Sovereignty Movement all promote their own varieties of democratic socialism intended to re-distribute wealth on an all-island basis once a united Ireland has been achieved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Democratic and Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "social democracy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 143]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "Éirígí", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 206]}, {"entity": "Republican Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [209, 229]}, {"entity": "32 County Sovereignty Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [240, 270]}, {"entity": "democratic socialism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [306, 326]}, {"entity": "united Ireland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [390, 404]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In American history , many parties were named by their opponents : ( Federalist Party , Loco-Focos , Know Nothing s , Populists , Dixiecrat s ) , including the Democrats themselves , as the Federalists in the 1790s used Democratic Party as a term of ridicule .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Federalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "Loco-Focos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Know Nothing", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Populists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "Dixiecrat", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "Federalists", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [220, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the fall of the Hungarian Democratic Forum conservative government at the following 1994 Hungarian parliamentary election , SZDSZ surprised many by entering into a coalition with the Hungarian Socialist Party ( MSZP ) , legal successors to the communist Hungarian Socialist Workers Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungarian Democratic Forum", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "1994 Hungarian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [90, 127]}, {"entity": "SZDSZ", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [130, 135]}, {"entity": "Hungarian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [189, 214]}, {"entity": "MSZP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "Hungarian Socialist Workers Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [260, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite his opposition to partial-birth abortion , Clyburn is regarded to be pro-abortion rights on the issue of abortion , as shown by his high ratings from Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice America , and low rating from the National Right to Life Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clyburn", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Planned Parenthood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 176]}, {"entity": "NARAL Pro-Choice America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 205]}, {"entity": "National Right to Life Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [232, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the Minister of Finance ( 1976-1984 ) , Minister of International Trade and Industry ( 1984-1987 ) , former chairman of Asian Development Bank , former chairman of Islamic Development Bank , founding Chairman and Chief Executive of Malaysian oil company , PETRONAS , and chairman of the 33rd Board of Governors of the World Bank and IMF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 149]}, {"entity": "Islamic Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 195]}, {"entity": "Malaysian oil company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 260]}, {"entity": "PETRONAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 271]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [325, 335]}, {"entity": "IMF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [340, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to his excellent drive and contribution to the country 's economy , and his strong economics and finance background , he was entrusted to manage the country 's finance and was made the Finance Minister in 1976 , Chairman of Asian Development Bank in 1976 , IBRD ( World Bank ) and IMF in 1977 , and Islamic Development Bank in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 250]}, {"entity": "IBRD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [261, 265]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [268, 278]}, {"entity": "IMF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [285, 288]}, {"entity": "Islamic Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [303, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At its founding congress , the NPSI decided to enter the centre-right House of Freedoms ( CdL ) coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi ( a former friend of Bettino Craxi ) as the centre-left was considered too compromised with the Mani pulite investigation , upon which the old Italian Socialist Party was disbanded while the ex Democratic Party of the Left were not touched .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPSI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "House of Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "CdL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "Silvio Berlusconi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "Bettino Craxi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "Mani pulite", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [227, 238]}, {"entity": "Italian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [274, 297]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of the Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [325, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2007 , the NPSI split among those who wanted to participate to the foundation of a joint Socialist Party along with the Italian Democratic Socialists of Enrico Boselli , The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi and the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci and those who wanted to maintain the allegiance to the House of Freedoms coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPSI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Socialist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "Italian Democratic Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [128, 157]}, {"entity": "Enrico Boselli", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [161, 175]}, {"entity": "The Italian Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [178, 200]}, {"entity": "Bobo Craxi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [204, 214]}, {"entity": "Association for the Rose in the Fist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [223, 259]}, {"entity": "Lanfranco Turci", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [263, 278]}, {"entity": "House of Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [334, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party was formed as Union of Christian and Centre Democrats in December 2002 upon the merger of the Christian Democratic Centre ( CCD ) , the United Christian Democrats ( CDU ) and European Democracy ( DE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union of Christian and Centre Democrats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 63]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic Centre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 131]}, {"entity": "CCD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "United Christian Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 172]}, {"entity": "CDU", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "European Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "DE", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [206, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CCD was an early ally of Silvio Berlusconi ' s Forza Italia in 1994 and was part of the centre-right Pole for Freedoms / House of Freedoms since its establishment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Silvio Berlusconi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Forza Italia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Pole for Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "House of Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2013 Italian general election the UdC was part of With Monti for Italy , the coalition formed around Mario Monti ' s Civic Choice , and obtained a mere 1.8 % of the vote , down from 5.6 % in 2008 Italian general election and 6.8 % in 2006 Italian general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "2013 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 36]}, {"entity": "UdC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "With Monti for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "Mario Monti", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "Civic Choice", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "2008 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [198, 227]}, {"entity": "2006 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [241, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2001 Italian general election the Christian Democratic Centre ( CCD ) , led by Pier Ferdinando Casini , and the United Christian Democrats ( CDU ) , a 1995 split from the Italian People 's Party ( PPI ) led by Rocco Buttiglione were part of the winning centre-right House of Freedoms coalition , but their joint list won a mere 3.2 % of the vote ( − 2.6pp from 1996 Italian general election ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 36]}, {"entity": "Christian Democratic Centre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 68]}, {"entity": "CCD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "Pier Ferdinando Casini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [86, 108]}, {"entity": "United Christian Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "CDU", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "Italian People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [178, 201]}, {"entity": "PPI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "Rocco Buttiglione", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [217, 234]}, {"entity": "House of Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [273, 290]}, {"entity": "1996 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [368, 397]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly afterwards , when Casini refused to merge his party into Berlusconi 's then-new political movement , The People of Freedom ( PdL ) , the UDC was joined by The Rose for Italy of Tabacci , Baccini and Savino Pezzotta , as well as by two leading members of Forza Italia ( FI ) , Ferdinando Adornato and Angelo Sanza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Berlusconi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "The People of Freedom", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "PdL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "UDC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "The Rose for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [163, 181]}, {"entity": "Tabacci", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [185, 192]}, {"entity": "Baccini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [195, 202]}, {"entity": "Savino Pezzotta", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [207, 222]}, {"entity": "Forza Italia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [262, 274]}, {"entity": "FI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [277, 279]}, {"entity": "Ferdinando Adornato", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [284, 303]}, {"entity": "Angelo Sanza", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [308, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 2010 the UdC was a founding member of the New Pole for Italy ( NPI ) , along with Future and Freedom ( FLI ) and the Alliance for Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "UdC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "New Pole for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "NPI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "Future and Freedom", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "FLI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "Alliance for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UdC contested the 2013 Italian general election as part of the With Monti for Italy coalition , alongside FLI and Monti 's Civic Choice ( SC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "UdC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "2013 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [22, 51]}, {"entity": "With Monti for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "FLI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Monti", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "Civic Choice", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "SC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this respect , Casini and his followers have long tried to form the nucleus of a third force in Italian politics ( e.g. : New Pole for Italy , With Monti for Italy , Popular Area ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casini", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "New Pole for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "With Monti for Italy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 166]}, {"entity": "Popular Area", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dalli was first elected to the House of Representatives of Malta in 1987 Maltese general election on behalf of the Nationalist Party and since then he has been re-elected in five successive elections : in 1992 Maltese general election , 1996 Maltese general election , 1998 Maltese general election , 2003 Maltese general election and 2008 Maltese general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dalli", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "House of Representatives of Malta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 64]}, {"entity": "1987 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [68, 97]}, {"entity": "Nationalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "1992 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [205, 234]}, {"entity": "1996 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [237, 266]}, {"entity": "1998 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [269, 298]}, {"entity": "2003 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [301, 330]}, {"entity": "2008 Maltese general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [335, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting in 1992 , he served as a member of Meretz , a dovish left wing party which resulted from the merger of Mapam , Ratz and Shinui .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meretz", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Mapam", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "Ratz", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Shinui", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 2001 Italian general election the SDI thus formed an unusual alliance ( The Sunflower ) with the Federation of the Greens , which was disbanded soon after the election , due to political divergences and ultimately to the disappointing electoral result : 2.2 % of the vote , while the two parties ' combined result in 1999 had been 4.0 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 Italian general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [8, 37]}, {"entity": "SDI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "The Sunflower", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Federation of the Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [105, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2001 Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi left the party in order to form , along with Gianni De Michelis , the New Italian Socialist Party ( NPSI ) , which joined the House of Freedoms centre-right coalition , while in 2004 Giorgio Carta left to re-establish the Italian Democratic Socialist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claudio Martelli", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "Bobo Craxi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Gianni De Michelis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [85, 103]}, {"entity": "New Italian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [110, 137]}, {"entity": "NPSI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "House of Freedoms", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [166, 183]}, {"entity": "Giorgio Carta", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [223, 236]}, {"entity": "Italian Democratic Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [262, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , several groups , including a large portion of the New Italian Socialist Party , The Italian Socialists , Democracy and Socialism and the Association for the Rose in the Fist , decided to join forces with the SDI .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Italian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [60, 87]}, {"entity": "The Italian Socialists", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "Democracy and Socialism", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 138]}, {"entity": "Association for the Rose in the Fist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [147, 183]}, {"entity": "SDI", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [218, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2009 European Parliament election in Italy , the party ran as part of The Autonomy , an electoral coalition including The Right , the Movement for the Autonomies and the Alliance of the Centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "2009 European Parliament election in Italy", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 49]}, {"entity": "The Autonomy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "The Right", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Movement for the Autonomies", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [141, 168]}, {"entity": "Alliance of the Centre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [177, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 1989 European Parliament election in Italy there were two competing green parties : the LV and the Rainbow Greens ( VA ) , formed mainly by Radicals , including Adelaide Aglietta , Franco Corleone , Adele Faccio , Marco Taradash and Francesco Rutelli , as well as splinters from Proletarian Democracy , including Mario Capanna , Guido Pollice , Gianni Tamino and Edo Ronchi .", "entity": [{"entity": "1989 European Parliament election in Italy", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 49]}, {"entity": "LV", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "Rainbow Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "VA", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "Adelaide Aglietta", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [168, 185]}, {"entity": "Franco Corleone", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [188, 203]}, {"entity": "Adele Faccio", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [206, 218]}, {"entity": "Marco Taradash", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [221, 235]}, {"entity": "Francesco Rutelli", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [240, 257]}, {"entity": "Proletarian Democracy", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [286, 307]}, {"entity": "Mario Capanna", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [320, 333]}, {"entity": "Guido Pollice", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [336, 349]}, {"entity": "Gianni Tamino", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [352, 365]}, {"entity": "Edo Ronchi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [370, 380]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edgar was recognized by several national organizations for his work , including by the American Legion , Vietnam Veterans of America and the National Taxpayers Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edgar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "American Legion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "Vietnam Veterans of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 132]}, {"entity": "National Taxpayers Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the 1988 Canadian federal election , he co-authored Election : the issues , the strategies , the aftermath with Liberal Party of Canada strategiest Michael J. L. Kirby and Conservative Party of Canada strategist Hugh Segal .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "Michael J. L. Kirby", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [182, 210]}, {"entity": "Hugh Segal", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [222, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World Bank , the African Development Bank , the European Investment Bank , bilateral donors , and the southern African power companies , have all expressed interest in pursuing the project which is estimated to cost US $ 80 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "African Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 45]}, {"entity": "European Investment Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "southern African", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [220, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between the 1935 Canadian federal election and 1958 Canadian federal election elections , the top ranking was consistently held by either the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation or the Labor-Progressive Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "1935 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [12, 42]}, {"entity": "1958 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [47, 77]}, {"entity": "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [142, 178]}, {"entity": "Labor-Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [186, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boundary changes took place for the 1990 Colchester Borough Council election , 2003 Colchester Borough Council election and 2016 Colchester Borough Council election elections leading to the whole council being elected on those years .", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 Colchester Borough Council election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [36, 76]}, {"entity": "2003 Colchester Borough Council election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 119]}, {"entity": "2016 Colchester Borough Council election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [124, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the century , the state voted for the Federalist Party twice , the Democratic-Republican Party five times , the National Republican Party once , the Whig Party four times , the Democratic Party ten times , and the Republican Party three times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Democratic-Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 105]}, {"entity": "National Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [123, 148]}, {"entity": "Whig Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [188, 204]}, {"entity": "Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some notable examples of these contributors are World Wide Fund for Nature , Greenpeace , Conservation International , The Nature Conservancy , Friends of the Earth , Himalayan Wildlife Foundation and the Environmental Investigation Agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 74]}, {"entity": "Greenpeace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Conservation International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 116]}, {"entity": "The Nature Conservancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Friends of the Earth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 164]}, {"entity": "Himalayan Wildlife Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 196]}, {"entity": "Environmental Investigation Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the founding member of the Co-operative Resources Centre , a conservative political group led by Senior Unofficial Member Allen Lee in 1991 to counter the liberal emergence of the United Democrats of Hong Kong in the Legislative Council after the 1991 Hong Kong legislative election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co-operative Resources Centre", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [34, 63]}, {"entity": "Allen Lee", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "United Democrats of Hong Kong", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [187, 216]}, {"entity": "Legislative Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 243]}, {"entity": "1991 Hong Kong legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [254, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Sainsbury also stood as a Liberal parliamentary candidate at Sudbury in the 1929 United Kingdom general election , 1931 United Kingdom general election and 1935 United Kingdom general election general elections , before joining the Labour Party in 1945 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Sainsbury", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Sudbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "1929 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [81, 117]}, {"entity": "1931 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [120, 156]}, {"entity": "1935 United Kingdom general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [161, 197]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [237, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resulting from this move was targeting by the New Democracy Party , the Popular Orthodox Rally , PASOK and the Communist Party of Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Democracy Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "Popular Orthodox Rally", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [72, 94]}, {"entity": "PASOK", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Greece", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [111, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agro was a prominent Hamilton-area Liberal Party of Canada , garnering the support of Culture and Communications Minister Lily Munro and CHCH-TV reporter Stan Keyes , who would represent Hamilton West in Parliament from 1988 Canadian federal election until 2004 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agro", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [35, 58]}, {"entity": "Lily Munro", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "CHCH-TV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "Stan Keyes", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "Hamilton West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 200]}, {"entity": "1988 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [220, 250]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [257, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the results were announced , Jubilee made post-election agreements with the New Ford Kenya , Alliance Party of Kenya , Chama Cha Uzalendo , People 's Democratic Party , Ford People , Kenya African National Union , and United Democratic Forum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jubilee", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "New Ford Kenya", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Alliance Party of Kenya", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "Chama Cha Uzalendo", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "People 's Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [146, 172]}, {"entity": "Ford People", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "Kenya African National Union", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [189, 217]}, {"entity": "United Democratic Forum", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [224, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With two homogenous groups , Bouckaert concluded , a left-wing bloc around the Socialistische Partij Anders , ACV and Groen ! , and a right wing bloc with the VLD , the right wing of the Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams , the New Flemish Alliance and the Vlaams Belang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socialistische Partij Anders", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 107]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Groen !", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "VLD", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [187, 218]}, {"entity": "New Flemish Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 245]}, {"entity": "Vlaams Belang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [254, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the War of the Camps broke out at Beirut in May 1985 , the OACL allied itself with the pro- Arafat Palestinian refugee camp militias , the Al-Mourabitoun , the Sixth of February Movement and the Kurdish Democratic Party - Lebanon ( KDP-L ) against a powerful coalition of Druze Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) , Lebanese Communist Party ( LCP ) , and Shia Muslim Amal movement militia forces backed by Syria ,", "entity": [{"entity": "War of the Camps", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "Beirut", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "OACL", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "Palestinian refugee camp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 128]}, {"entity": "Al-Mourabitoun", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "Sixth of February Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [165, 191]}, {"entity": "Kurdish Democratic Party - Lebanon", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 234]}, {"entity": "KDP-L", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [237, 242]}, {"entity": "Druze", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [277, 282]}, {"entity": "Progressive Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [283, 310]}, {"entity": "PSP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [313, 316]}, {"entity": "Lebanese Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [321, 345]}, {"entity": "LCP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [348, 351]}, {"entity": "Shia Muslim Amal movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [360, 385]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [411, 416]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key to parties : APN Irish Parliamentary Party , Ind N Independent Nationalist , Ind N-H Independent Nationalist ( supporter of Timothy Healy ) , Lab Irish Labour Party , N Irish Parliamentary Party , PN Irish Parliamentary Party , SF Sinn Féin , U Unionist , LU Liberal Unionist Party , L Liberal Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irish Parliamentary Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "Independent Nationalist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "Independent Nationalist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [89, 112]}, {"entity": "Timothy Healy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [128, 141]}, {"entity": "Irish Labour Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [150, 168]}, {"entity": "Irish Parliamentary Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [173, 198]}, {"entity": "Irish Parliamentary Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 229]}, {"entity": "Sinn Féin", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [235, 244]}, {"entity": "Unionist", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [249, 257]}, {"entity": "Liberal Unionist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [263, 285]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [290, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was TRUE , for example , for Synaspismos , Renewing Communist Ecological Left , Ecosocialists of Greece and Unitary Movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Synaspismos", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Renewing Communist Ecological Left", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [48, 82]}, {"entity": "Ecosocialists of Greece", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [85, 108]}, {"entity": "Unitary Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [113, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace from 1992 to 1993 , a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars from 1998 to 1999 , and a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1997 to 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 75]}, {"entity": "Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 160]}, {"entity": "Brookings Institution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Fidesz remained the largest party in the National Assembly despite receiving fewer votes than the Hungarian Socialist Party , the Socialist Party was able to form a coalition government with the Alliance of Free Democrats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fidesz", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "National Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "Hungarian Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [107, 132]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [139, 154]}, {"entity": "Alliance of Free Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [204, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision to form the Royal Commission was taken by the Fourth Labour government , after the Labour party had received more votes , yet won fewer seats than the New Zealand National Party in both the 1978 New Zealand general election and 1981 New Zealand general election elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Fourth Labour government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 83]}, {"entity": "Labour party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "New Zealand National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 190]}, {"entity": "1978 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [203, 236]}, {"entity": "1981 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [241, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the course of the next 9 years , she would run in the 1999 Ontario general election and the 2003 Ontario general election , the Hamilton municipal election of 2000 and two federal elections in 1997 Canadian federal election and 2004 Canadian federal election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [59, 88]}, {"entity": "2003 Ontario general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [97, 126]}, {"entity": "Hamilton municipal election of 2000", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [133, 168]}, {"entity": "1997 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [198, 228]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [233, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2006 Canadian federal election , Simon Strelchik achieved a vote increase of 25 % , to 4405 votes , against Liberal Party of Canada Susan Kadis and Conservative Party of Canada Anthony Reale .", "entity": [{"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "Simon Strelchik", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [115, 138]}, {"entity": "Susan Kadis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [155, 183]}, {"entity": "Anthony Reale", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the publication of this paper , the growth diagnostics strategy has been adopted by a number of international institutions including the World Bank , the Inter-American Development Bank , the Asian Development Bank , the UK 's Department for International Development and the Millennium Challenge Corporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "Inter-American Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 191]}, {"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 220]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [227, 229]}, {"entity": "Department for International Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [233, 273]}, {"entity": "Millennium Challenge Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [282, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was re-elected in the 2008 Canadian federal election , but was defeated in the 2011 Canadian federal election by Raymond Côté of the New Democratic Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [26, 56]}, {"entity": "2011 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [83, 113]}, {"entity": "Raymond Côté", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "New Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [137, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The British People 's Party was a neo-Nazi political party in the United Kingdom , launched in 2005 by Kevin Watmough , Eddy Morrison , John G. Wood and Sid Williamson , former members of Combat 18 , British National Party ( BNP ) , National Front ( NF ) and the White Nationalist Party , as a splinter group from the Nationalist Alliance .", "entity": [{"entity": "British People 's Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "neo-Nazi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Kevin Watmough", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "Eddy Morrison", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "John G. Wood", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "Sid Williamson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [153, 167]}, {"entity": "Combat 18", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "British National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [200, 222]}, {"entity": "BNP", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [225, 228]}, {"entity": "National Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [233, 247]}, {"entity": "NF", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [250, 252]}, {"entity": "White Nationalist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [263, 286]}, {"entity": "Nationalist Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [318, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Party leader Peter Dunne was re-elected into the Ōhariū seat in 2008 New Zealand general election , 2011 New Zealand general election , and 2014 New Zealand general election , becoming a coalition partner with National , despite receiving under 1 % of the party vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Dunne", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Ōhariū", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "2008 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [64, 97]}, {"entity": "2011 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [100, 133]}, {"entity": "2014 New Zealand general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [140, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Mel Hurtig ' s National Party of Canada in 1993 , and later campaigned for the Green Party of Canada and the Alberta Greens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mel Hurtig", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "National Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [25, 49]}, {"entity": "Green Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "Alberta Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [119, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2006 Canadian federal election in Canada , the Liberal Party of Canada used attack ads against Conservative Party of Canada leader Stephen Harper .", "entity": [{"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 37]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [102, 130]}, {"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the 1948 Progressive Party , however , have joined the later state Progressive Parties , thus linking the 1948-1960s group to the Vermont Progressive Party , Wisconsin Progressive Party , Minnesota Progressive Party , California Progressive Party , Oregon Progressive Party , and Washington Progressive Party , as well as the Citizens Party of the 1980s and 90s .", "entity": [{"entity": "1948 Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "Progressive Parties", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "Vermont Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [141, 166]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [169, 196]}, {"entity": "Minnesota Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [199, 226]}, {"entity": "California Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [229, 257]}, {"entity": "Oregon Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [260, 284]}, {"entity": "Washington Progressive Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [291, 319]}, {"entity": "Citizens Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [337, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1989 Norwegian parliamentary election , 1993 Norwegian parliamentary election and 2001 Norwegian parliamentary election , Brekk was deputy member of parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "1989 Norwegian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [3, 40]}, {"entity": "1993 Norwegian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [43, 80]}, {"entity": "2001 Norwegian parliamentary election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [85, 122]}, {"entity": "Brekk", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had also been the Workers World Party vice-presidential candidate in the elections of 1984 United States presidential election , 1988 United States presidential election , 1996 United States presidential election , and 2000 United States presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Workers World Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "1984 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [90, 130]}, {"entity": "1988 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [133, 173]}, {"entity": "1996 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [176, 216]}, {"entity": "2000 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [223, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He ran for a seat in the National Assembly of Quebec in the Montreal-based district of Mercier against Daniel Turp of the Parti Québécois in the 2003 Quebec general election , 2007 Quebec general election and 2008 Quebec general election elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Assembly of Quebec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 52]}, {"entity": "Montreal-based district", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 83]}, {"entity": "Mercier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Daniel Turp", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "Parti Québécois", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "2003 Quebec general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [145, 173]}, {"entity": "2007 Quebec general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [176, 204]}, {"entity": "2008 Quebec general election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [209, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had previously been the party 's candidate for Newmarket - Aurora in the 2004 Canadian federal election , losing narrowly to Conservative Party of Canada candidate Belinda Stronach , and the first declared candidate for the 2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election to succeed Paul Martin in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newmarket - Aurora", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [77, 107]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 157]}, {"entity": "Belinda Stronach", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [228, 276]}, {"entity": "Paul Martin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [288, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jobbik has been a founding member of the Alliance of European National Movements , alongside the French National Front , the Ukrainian Svoboda , Italy 's Tricolour Flame , the British National Party , the Swedish National Democrats , the Finnish Blue and White Front , the Portuguese National Renovator Party , and the Spanish Republican Social Movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alliance of European National Movements", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 80]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "National Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "Ukrainian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Svoboda", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "Tricolour Flame", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "British National Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [176, 198]}, {"entity": "Swedish National Democrats", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [205, 231]}, {"entity": "Finnish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "Blue and White Front", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [246, 266]}, {"entity": "Portuguese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [273, 283]}, {"entity": "National Renovator Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [284, 308]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [319, 326]}, {"entity": "Republican Social Movement", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [327, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incumbent Australian Labor Party , led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke , defeated the opposition Liberal Party of Australia , led by John Howard and the National Party of Australia led by Ian Sinclair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Labor Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "Bob Hawke", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [97, 123]}, {"entity": "John Howard", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "National Party of Australia", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 180]}, {"entity": "Ian Sinclair", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [188, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Butcher was a member of the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party of Canada before that party merged with the more right-wing Canadian Alliance to create the Conservative Party of Canada in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butcher", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Progressive Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [41, 81]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [164, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The People 's party remained the dominant power of the right until 1950 Greek legislative election , but , in 1951 Greek legislative election , the Greek Rally of retired General Alexandros Papagos swept the election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 Greek legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [67, 98]}, {"entity": "1951 Greek legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [110, 141]}, {"entity": "Greek Rally", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "Alexandros Papagos", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [179, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent Democrat Zell Miller , who was appointed by Governor Roy Barnes to replace the late Paul Coverdell , won re-election to serve the remainder of the term , beating Republican Mack Mattingly , former Ambassador to Seychelles and former U.S. Senator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Zell Miller", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Roy Barnes", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Paul Coverdell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "Mack Mattingly", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "Seychelles", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [221, 231]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [243, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent Republican Slade Gorton ran for a third consecutive term ( fourth overall ) , but was unseated for a second time ( the first being 1986 United States Senate election in Washington ) by Democratic candidate , former Congresswoman Maria Cantwell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Slade Gorton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "1986 United States Senate election in Washington", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [141, 189]}, {"entity": "Maria Cantwell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [239, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minority leader Bob Dole became Majority Leader , while on the Democratic side , Tom Daschle became Minority Leader after the retirement of the previous Democratic leader , George J. Mitchell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Dole", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Tom Daschle", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "George J. Mitchell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [173, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2019 , this is the last election cycle in which Republicans won Senate elections in 1994 United States Senate election in Delaware , 1994 United States Senate election in Michigan , and 1994 United States Senate election in Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "1994 United States Senate election in Delaware", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [90, 136]}, {"entity": "1994 United States Senate election in Michigan", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [139, 185]}, {"entity": "1994 United States Senate election in Washington", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [192, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The party , in alliance with The Greens obtained about 14 % of the vote in the 1992 French regional elections ; but the 1993 French legislative election was disappointing for the Green-GE alliance , as it failed to win any seats and won only 7 % ( other ecologist parties brought the score up to 11 % ) , when polls had given them up to 16 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Greens", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "1992 French regional elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [79, 109]}, {"entity": "1993 French legislative election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [120, 152]}, {"entity": "Green-GE alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last days of the campaign , D 'Amato campaigned with popular Governor George Pataki , who was also running for re-election , and was also supported by New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani and former Mayor Ed Koch ( a Democrat )", "entity": [{"entity": "D 'Amato", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "George Pataki", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "Rudy Giuliani", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [178, 191]}, {"entity": "Ed Koch", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [209, 216]}, {"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [221, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1968 United States presidential election , Alabama supported native son and American Independent Party candidate George Wallace over both Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey .", "entity": [{"entity": "1968 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [3, 43]}, {"entity": "Alabama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "American Independent Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 105]}, {"entity": "George Wallace", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [141, 154]}, {"entity": "Hubert Humphrey", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [159, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Republican Paul Coverdell narrowly unseated Democrat Wyche Fowler in Georgia 's other United States Senate seat in 1992 United States Senate election in Georgia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Paul Coverdell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Wyche Fowler", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "1992 United States Senate election in Georgia", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [115, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 , incumbent Democrat Ted Kennedy won re-election against businessman Mitt Romney with just 58 % of the vote , the lowest percentage since his first 1962 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Ted Kennedy", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Mitt Romney", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "1962 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [156, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent Democrat Max Baucus , who was first elected in 1978 United States Senate election in Montana and was re-elected in 1984 United States Senate election in Montana and 1990 United States Senate election in Montana , ran for re-election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Max Baucus", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "1978 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [57, 102]}, {"entity": "1984 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [125, 170]}, {"entity": "1990 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [175, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The election was a rematch of the 1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina : between the Republican incumbent Jesse Helms and the Democratic nominee Harvey Gantt .", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [34, 86]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Jesse Helms", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Harvey Gantt", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Warner was endorsed by such notable figures as Bob Dole , George H.W. Bush , and Colin Powell , while Miller was endorsed by the National Rifle Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warner", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Bob Dole", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "George H.W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "Colin Powell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "National Rifle Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990 California gubernatorial election , Republican senator Pete Wilson had beaten Democrat Dianne Feinstein for governor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 California gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 45]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Pete Wilson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Dianne Feinstein", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Braun ( whose victory coincided with Bill Clinton ' s win in the 1992 United States presidential election and 1992 United States presidential election in Illinois ) made history in this election by becoming the first African-American woman ever elected to the U.S Senate , and also the first African-American elected to the U.S Senate as a Democrat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Braun", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "1992 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [65, 105]}, {"entity": "1992 United States presidential election in Illinois", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [110, 162]}, {"entity": "African-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [217, 233]}, {"entity": "U.S Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [260, 270]}, {"entity": "African-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [292, 308]}, {"entity": "U.S Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [324, 334]}, {"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [340, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These expulsions paralleled similar efforts to purge the Soviet Communist Party of followers of Nikolai Bukharin , Alexei Rykov and Mikhail Tomsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Communist Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "Nikolai Bukharin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "Alexei Rykov", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Tomsky", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mission was named after and headed by Iwakura Tomomi in the role of extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador , assisted by four vice-ambassadors , three of whom ( Ōkubo Toshimichi , Kido Takayoshi , and Itō Hirobumi ) were also ministers in the Japanese government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iwakura Tomomi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Ōkubo Toshimichi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [171, 187]}, {"entity": "Kido Takayoshi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [190, 204]}, {"entity": "Itō Hirobumi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [211, 223]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [253, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent United States Senator Max Baucus , who was first elected in 1978 United States Senate election in Montana and was re-elected in 1984 United States Senate election in Montana , ran for re-election .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Max Baucus", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "1978 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [70, 115]}, {"entity": "1984 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [138, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent John Melcher , who was first elected to the Senate in 1976 United States Senate election in Montana and was re-elected in 1982 United States Senate election in Montana , ran for re-election .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Melcher", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "1976 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [64, 109]}, {"entity": "1982 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [132, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three-term popular incumbent Howard Baker , who had served as United States Senate Majority Leader since 1981 ( Minority Leader from 1977 to 1981 ) decided not to seek re-election in order to concentrate on a planned bid for 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries ( which did not happen , as he later accepted a White House Chief of Staff position under President Ronald Reagan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Baker", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "United States Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "1988 Republican Party presidential primaries", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [225, 269]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [318, 329]}, {"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [370, 383]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the 1982 elections were a setback nationally for incumbent President Ronald Reagan and the Republican Party , neither Heinz nor incumbent Republican governor Dick Thornburgh , who was also 1982 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in 1982 , were challenged by Democrats with statewide prominence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Republican Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Heinz", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "Dick Thornburgh", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [167, 182]}, {"entity": "1982 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [198, 238]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [268, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent Democrat Alan Cranston easily won re-election to a third term over Paul Gann , political activist , even as the state 's former Republican governor , Ronald Reagan , claimed a landslide victory in the 1980 United States presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Alan Cranston", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Paul Gann", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "1980 United States presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [211, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Republican incumbent Bob Packwood was re-elected to a third term , defeating Democratic state senator Ted Kulongoski and Libertarian Tonie Nathan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Bob Packwood", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Ted Kulongoski", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Tonie Nathan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was re-elected in 1997 Canadian federal election , 2000 Canadian federal election ( as a member of the Canadian Alliance ) , 2004 Canadian federal election , 2006 Canadian federal election , and 2008 Canadian federal election ( as a Conservative ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1997 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [21, 51]}, {"entity": "2000 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [54, 84]}, {"entity": "Canadian Alliance", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "2004 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [128, 158]}, {"entity": "2006 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [161, 191]}, {"entity": "2008 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [198, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the closest the Democrats have come to winning a Senate election in Kansas since George McGill won re-election in 1932 United States Senate elections ( McGill was defeated by Clyde M. Reed in 1938 United States Senate elections ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Kansas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "George McGill", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "1932 United States Senate elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [121, 156]}, {"entity": "McGill", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "Clyde M. Reed", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "1938 United States Senate elections", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [199, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incumbent Democrat Lee Metcalf , who was first elected to the Senate in 1960 United States Senate election in Montana and was re-elected in 1966 United States Senate election in Montana , ran for re-election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Lee Metcalf", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "1960 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [72, 117]}, {"entity": "1966 United States Senate election in Montana", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [140, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many political figures of the time appear ( some in cameos , some extended ) , including Bruce Babbitt , Bob Dole , Kitty Dukakis , Gary Hart , Jesse Jackson , and Pat Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Babbitt", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "Bob Dole", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Kitty Dukakis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Gary Hart", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "Jesse Jackson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green deputies Noël Mamère , Martine Billard and Yves Cochet on September 10 , 2003 requested a Parliamentary Commission on the role of France in the support of military regimes in Latin America from 1973 to 1984 before the Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly , presided by Edouard Balladur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Noël Mamère", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Martine Billard", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "Yves Cochet", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "Foreign Affairs Commission of the National Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 275]}, {"entity": "Edouard Balladur", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [290, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are brief comments about some of the elections , and separate articles have been written for those of 1917 New York City mayoral election , 1977 New York City mayoral election , 1997 New York City mayoral election , 2001 New York City mayoral election , 2005 New York City mayoral election , and 2009 New York City mayoral election .", "entity": [{"entity": "1917 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [108, 143]}, {"entity": "1977 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [146, 181]}, {"entity": "1997 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [184, 219]}, {"entity": "2001 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [222, 257]}, {"entity": "2005 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [260, 295]}, {"entity": "2009 New York City mayoral election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [302, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ") Christine Quinn , the Speaker of the New York City Council , came in third , with 15.7 % , while none of the other candidates , including City Comptroller John Liu and former Congressman Anthony Weiner , won as much as 10 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christine Quinn", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "New York City Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "John Liu", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "Anthony Weiner", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [189, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rep. Bella Abzug took Manhattan , Mayor Abe Beame Brooklyn , Rep. Herman Badillo the Bronx , and NY Sec. of State Mario Cuomo Queens & amp ; Staten Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bella Abzug", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Abe Beame", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Herman Badillo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "NY", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "Mario Cuomo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "Queens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "Staten Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mayor Hylan , an ally of the newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst , was unseated in a venomous Democratic primary by Gentleman Jimmy Walker , the Democratic party leader in the New York State Senate , who had been recruited to oppose Hylan by Hearst 's inveterate enemy , Democratic Governor Al Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hylan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "William Randolph Hearst", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [49, 72]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Walker", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Democratic party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "New York State Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 205]}, {"entity": "Hylan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [241, 246]}, {"entity": "Hearst", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [250, 256]}, {"entity": "Al Smith", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [299, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2000 presidential election , the party 's candidate , incumbent president Abdou Diouf , was defeated by the leader of the Senegalese Democratic Party , Abdoulaye Wade , in a second round of voting .", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 presidential election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [7, 33]}, {"entity": "Abdou Diouf", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Senegalese Democratic Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [129, 156]}, {"entity": "Abdoulaye Wade", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2000 Canadian federal election as the Liberal Party of Canada MP for York South - Weston defeating Independent MP ( and former Liberal ) John Nunziata by 1,497 votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Commons of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "2000 Canadian federal election", "entity_type": "election", "pos": [56, 86]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [94, 117]}, {"entity": "York South - Weston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "John Nunziata", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Michael Moore partnered with producers Harvey Weinstein and Bob Weinstein in May 2017 to produce and distribute Fahrenheit 11 / 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Harvey Weinstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Bob Weinstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "Fahrenheit 11 / 9", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is based upon the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege in London and stars Jamie Bell , Abbie Cornish , Mark Strong and Martin Shaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranian Embassy siege", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Jamie Bell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Abbie Cornish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Mark Strong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "Martin Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was written by Russell T Davies and directed by Stephen Frears , with Hugh Grant starring as Thorpe and Ben Whishaw as Scott .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russell T Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "Stephen Frears", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Hugh Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Thorpe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Ben Whishaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manifesto has been signed by several personalities of international relevance , which include the following five Nobel Prize winners : Rigoberta Menchú , Desmond Tutu , Adolfo Pérez Esquivel , Dario Fo and Jody Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Rigoberta Menchú", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "Desmond Tutu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "Adolfo Pérez Esquivel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 194]}, {"entity": "Dario Fo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "Jody Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panel guests have included comedians Sarah Silverman , Brett Gelman , Ira Madison III and Paul Scheer , screenwriter Wil Wheaton and journalists Lauren Duca and Katie Nolan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Silverman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "Brett Gelman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Ira Madison III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Paul Scheer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Wil Wheaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Lauren Duca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "Katie Nolan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Chiranjeevi in the title role along with Tamannaah , Nayanthara , Sudeep , Jagapati Babu , and Vijay Sethupathi in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiranjeevi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Tamannaah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Nayanthara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Sudeep", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Jagapati Babu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Vijay Sethupathi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guests have included Jordan Peterson , Coleman Hughes , James Damore , Lindsay Shepherd , Susan Bradley , Ed the Sock , Adrienne Batra , Steven Pinker , Bill Kristol , Michael Shermer , Matthew Goodwin , Irshad Manji , Roger Scruton , Claire Fox , Francis Fukuyama , Peter Boghossian , Douglas Murray , Brian C. Kalt , and David Frum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan Peterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Coleman Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "James Damore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Lindsay Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "Susan Bradley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Ed the Sock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Adrienne Batra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 134]}, {"entity": "Steven Pinker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Bill Kristol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 165]}, {"entity": "Michael Shermer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 183]}, {"entity": "Matthew Goodwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 201]}, {"entity": "Irshad Manji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 216]}, {"entity": "Roger Scruton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 232]}, {"entity": "Claire Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [235, 245]}, {"entity": "Francis Fukuyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 264]}, {"entity": "Peter Boghossian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [267, 283]}, {"entity": "Douglas Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [286, 300]}, {"entity": "Brian C. Kalt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [303, 316]}, {"entity": "David Frum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [323, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film , which is produced by Joe Dante , stars Danielle Harris and Chad Michael Murray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Dante", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Danielle Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "Chad Michael Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jacqueline McKenzie , Daniel Wyllie and John Brumpton reprise their roles from the original film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacqueline McKenzie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Daniel Wyllie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "John Brumpton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jihadi John is notorious for executing many US , UK , and Japanese citizens such as Steven Sotloff , David Haines , and Alan Henning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jihadi John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "Steven Sotloff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "David Haines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Alan Henning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in the film are Sharyl Attkisson , Candace Owens , Ann Coulter and Cornel West .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharyl Attkisson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "Candace Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Ann Coulter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Cornel West", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Hugh Jackman , Vera Farmiga , J. K. Simmons , and Alfred Molina .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Jackman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Vera Farmiga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "J. K. Simmons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Alfred Molina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digital Rights Watch also works with international groups such as AccessNow.org , Electronic Frontier Foundation , Open Media Foundation , European Digital Rights , Privacy International and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "AccessNow.org", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 112]}, {"entity": "Open Media Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "European Digital Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 162]}, {"entity": "Privacy International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organizations that have argued against accommodationist policies in the United States include Americans United for Separation of Church and State , the Ayn Rand Institute , the Freedom From Religion Foundation , the Military Religious Freedom Foundation , People for the American Way , and the Secular Coalition for America .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Americans United for Separation of Church and State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 145]}, {"entity": "Ayn Rand Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 170]}, {"entity": "Freedom From Religion Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 209]}, {"entity": "Military Religious Freedom Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [216, 253]}, {"entity": "People for the American Way", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [256, 283]}, {"entity": "Secular Coalition for America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [294, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Krasinski also stars in the series as the title character , making him the fifth actor to portray the character after Alec Baldwin , Harrison Ford , Ben Affleck , and Chris Pine from the film series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krasinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Alec Baldwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "Harrison Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Ben Affleck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "Chris Pine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film stars and celebrities such as Patrick Stewart , Susan Sarandon , Richard Curtis , Lindsay Duncan , Mark Rylance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "Susan Sarandon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Richard Curtis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Lindsay Duncan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Mark Rylance", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2018 , new additions to the voice cast included Ben Mendelsohn , Karen Gillan , Rashida Jones , DJ Khaled and Masi Oka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Mendelsohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Karen Gillan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Rashida Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "DJ Khaled", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "Masi Oka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film features Vaibhav Reddy , Inigo Prabhakaran and Sana Althaf , Anjena Kirti in the lead roles , while Sampath Raj plays a supporting role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vaibhav Reddy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Inigo Prabhakaran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Sana Althaf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Anjena Kirti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Sampath Raj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rest of the film 's cast consists of Cherie Gil , Lou Veloso , Nonie Buencamino , Anna Luna , Allan Paule , Richard Quan , Victor Neri , Ruby Ruiz , Nanding Josef and Dina Bonnevie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cherie Gil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Lou Veloso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Nonie Buencamino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "Anna Luna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Allan Paule", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Richard Quan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "Victor Neri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Ruby Ruiz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "Nanding Josef", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Dina Bonnevie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to his involvement in J-PAL , Olken is affiliated with several other economic institutions , including the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development ( BREAD ) , the International Growth Centre , the Centre for Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) , and the National Bureau of Economic Research ( NBER ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "J-PAL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Olken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 175]}, {"entity": "BREAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 183]}, {"entity": "International Growth Centre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 219]}, {"entity": "Centre for Economic Policy Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 261]}, {"entity": "CEPR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [264, 268]}, {"entity": "National Bureau of Economic Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [281, 317]}, {"entity": "NBER", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [320, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same time many reports emphasize that the violent picture of the Ukrainian nationalism is coming out of Western mainstream media , whistleblowers and Jewish organizations , for example Radio Free Europe , World Jewish Congress , Simon Wiesenthal Center , Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch , and Freedom House .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ukrainian nationalism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 93]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 163]}, {"entity": "Radio Free Europe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 209]}, {"entity": "World Jewish Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 233]}, {"entity": "Simon Wiesenthal Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [236, 259]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [262, 283]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [286, 304]}, {"entity": "Freedom House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [311, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other key speakers included Mrs F.T. Swanwick , suffragist and editor of the NUWSS paper the Common Cause : Kathleen Courtney , secretary of the North of England Society for Women 's Suffrage ; Lisbeth Simms of the Women 's Labour League ; Margaret Robertson BA Manchester Society / NUWSS organiser : and a Manchester councillor , Margaret Ashton , founder member of the Women 's Trade Union League and chairperson of the NUWSS .", "entity": [{"entity": "F.T. Swanwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "NUWSS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Common Cause", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "Kathleen Courtney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "Women 's Suffrage", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [174, 191]}, {"entity": "Lisbeth Simms", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 207]}, {"entity": "Women 's Labour League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [215, 237]}, {"entity": "Margaret Robertson BA Manchester Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 280]}, {"entity": "NUWSS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [283, 288]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [307, 317]}, {"entity": "Margaret Ashton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [331, 346]}, {"entity": "Women 's Trade Union League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [371, 398]}, {"entity": "NUWSS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [422, 427]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition Alexander Ovechkin , the PutinTeam movement also included many Russian sportsmen , actors , musicians and social activists : Evgeni Malkin , Yelena Isinbayeva , Sergey Karjakin , Sergey Tetyukhin , Nikolay Rastorguyev , Polina Gagarina , Dima Bilan , Ilya Kovalchuk , Nyusha , Andrey Merzlikin , Pavel Bure , Evgeni Plushenko , Nikolay Baskov , Sergei Krikalev , Mikhail Galustyan , Alexander Legkov , Anton Shipulin , Ivan Tcherezov , Alexandr Karelin and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Ovechkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "PutinTeam movement", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Evgeni Malkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Yelena Isinbayeva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 170]}, {"entity": "Sergey Karjakin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "Sergey Tetyukhin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 207]}, {"entity": "Nikolay Rastorguyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 229]}, {"entity": "Polina Gagarina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [232, 247]}, {"entity": "Dima Bilan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [250, 260]}, {"entity": "Ilya Kovalchuk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [263, 277]}, {"entity": "Nyusha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [280, 286]}, {"entity": "Andrey Merzlikin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [289, 305]}, {"entity": "Pavel Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [308, 318]}, {"entity": "Evgeni Plushenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [321, 337]}, {"entity": "Nikolay Baskov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [340, 354]}, {"entity": "Sergei Krikalev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [357, 372]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Galustyan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [375, 392]}, {"entity": "Alexander Legkov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [395, 411]}, {"entity": "Anton Shipulin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [414, 428]}, {"entity": "Ivan Tcherezov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [431, 445]}, {"entity": "Alexandr Karelin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [448, 464]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of far-right groups , including the Q Society , Reclaim Australia , the Australian Defence League and the United Patriots Front opposed the construction of a mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo , Victoria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Q Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Reclaim Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "Australian Defence League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "United Patriots Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "Bendigo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speakers included Michael Moore , Whoopi Goldberg , Padma Lakshmi , Amy Schumer , Laura Benanti , Amber Tamblyn , Patricia Arquette , Rosie Perez , Piper Perabo , Drew Barrymore , and singers Cyndi Lauper and Halsey", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Whoopi Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Padma Lakshmi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Amy Schumer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "Laura Benanti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Amber Tamblyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Patricia Arquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 131]}, {"entity": "Rosie Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "Piper Perabo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Drew Barrymore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "Cyndi Lauper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [192, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent sidebar participants include ex-Treasury Secretary and Harvard President Larry Summers , composer Philip Glass ( who also supplies the music for the podcast ) , filmmaker Rob Reiner , actresses Jane Lynch and Toni Trucks , musicians Shawn Colvin and Bettye LaVette , magician Penn Jillette , and professors Laurence Tribe and Erwin Chemerinsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "ex-Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Harvard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Larry Summers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Philip Glass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Rob Reiner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "Jane Lynch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "Toni Trucks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 227]}, {"entity": "Shawn Colvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "Bettye LaVette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [257, 271]}, {"entity": "Penn Jillette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [283, 296]}, {"entity": "Laurence Tribe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [314, 328]}, {"entity": "Erwin Chemerinsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [333, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holt was joined by Today co-anchor Savannah Guthrie , Meet the Press moderator Chuck Todd , Megyn Kelly Today anchor Megyn Kelly , special correspondent Tom Brokaw , and chief foreign affairs correspondent Andrea Mitchell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Savannah Guthrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Meet the Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Chuck Todd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Megyn Kelly Today", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "Megyn Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Tom Brokaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "Andrea Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The All India Mahila Empowerment Party was launched at The Lalit in New Delhi on 12 November 2017 in the presence of important personalities from different fields , including cricketer Mohammed Azharuddin , tennis player Sania Mirza , film stars Suniel Shetty , Bobby Deol , Aftab Shivdaasani , Zeenat Aman , Poonam Dhillon , choreographer Farah Khan , and Urdu poetess Lata Haya .", "entity": [{"entity": "All India Mahila Empowerment Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "The Lalit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "New Delhi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Mohammed Azharuddin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 204]}, {"entity": "Sania Mirza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 232]}, {"entity": "Suniel Shetty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [246, 259]}, {"entity": "Bobby Deol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [262, 272]}, {"entity": "Aftab Shivdaasani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [275, 292]}, {"entity": "Zeenat Aman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [295, 306]}, {"entity": "Poonam Dhillon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [309, 323]}, {"entity": "Farah Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [340, 350]}, {"entity": "Urdu", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [357, 361]}, {"entity": "Lata Haya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [370, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She hosted Lucy Stone and husband Henry Browne Blackwell when they came to Louisville , Kentucky for the American Woman Suffrage Association meeting - the first suffrage convention in the South - in 1881 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Henry Browne Blackwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 56]}, {"entity": "Louisville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Kentucky", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "American Woman Suffrage Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper 's editors were major figures in the Jewish-American anarchist movement : David Edelstadt , Saul Yanovsky , Joseph J. Cohen , Hillel Solotaroff , Roman Lewis , and Moshe Katz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jewish-American anarchist movement", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [47, 81]}, {"entity": "David Edelstadt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Saul Yanovsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "Joseph J. Cohen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "Hillel Solotaroff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "Roman Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "Moshe Katz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mary Blathwayt ' s parents planted trees there between April 1909 and July 1911 to commemorate the achievements of suffragettes including Emmeline Pankhurst , Christabel Pankhurst , Annie Kenney , Charlotte Despard , Millicent Fawcett and Lady Lytton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Blathwayt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Emmeline Pankhurst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 156]}, {"entity": "Christabel Pankhurst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 179]}, {"entity": "Annie Kenney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 194]}, {"entity": "Charlotte Despard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 214]}, {"entity": "Millicent Fawcett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 234]}, {"entity": "Lady Lytton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [239, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Omar Chaparro , Angélica Vale , Eduardo Manzano , and Jaime Maussan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Omar Chaparro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Angélica Vale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Eduardo Manzano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Jaime Maussan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series starred Ben Platt , Gwyneth Paltrow , Jessica Lange , Zoey Deutch , Lucy Boynton , Bob Balaban , Laura Dreyfuss , David Corenswet , Julia Schlaepfer , Theo Germaine , Rahne Jones , and Benjamin Barrett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Platt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Gwyneth Paltrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Jessica Lange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Zoey Deutch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Lucy Boynton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Bob Balaban", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Laura Dreyfuss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "David Corenswet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 140]}, {"entity": "Julia Schlaepfer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Theo Germaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "Rahne Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 189]}, {"entity": "Benjamin Barrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review was welcomed by many of the engineering institutions including the Institution of Engineering and Technology , the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Nuclear Institute - many of whom highlighted their existing schemes to encourage women and young people into the industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 119]}, {"entity": "Institution of Mechanical Engineers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 161]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series is set to be written by Oscar -nominated screenwriter Billy Ray , who will also executive produce the series alongside Alex Kurtzman , Heather Kadin , and Shane Salerno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Billy Ray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Alex Kurtzman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Heather Kadin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "Shane Salerno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bill was also supported by prominent think tanks including conservative groups Heritage Action and FreedomWorks , as well as liberal think tanks Families USA and Public Citizen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heritage Action", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "FreedomWorks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Families USA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "Public Citizen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magazine typically featured on its covers Nigerian artists and creative types like Tiwa Savage , P-Square , Omotola Jalade Ekeinde , Stephanie Okereke Linus , TY Bello , Agbani Darego , Bassey Ikpi , Mo Cheddah among others , all taken by Amadi-Obi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigerian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Tiwa Savage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "P-Square", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Omotola Jalade Ekeinde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 134]}, {"entity": "Stephanie Okereke Linus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 160]}, {"entity": "TY Bello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "Agbani Darego", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "Bassey Ikpi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "Mo Cheddah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 214]}, {"entity": "Amadi-Obi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The speakers - all of whom were high schoolers or younger - included Marjory Stoneman Douglas students Cameron Kasky , David Hogg , Delaney Tarr , Sarah Chadwick , Alex Wind , Jaclyn Corin , Ryan Deitsch , Aalayah Eastmond , Samantha Fuentes , and Emma González .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marjory Stoneman Douglas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 93]}, {"entity": "Cameron Kasky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "David Hogg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Delaney Tarr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Sarah Chadwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 161]}, {"entity": "Alex Wind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "Jaclyn Corin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 188]}, {"entity": "Ryan Deitsch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 203]}, {"entity": "Aalayah Eastmond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 222]}, {"entity": "Samantha Fuentes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [225, 241]}, {"entity": "Emma González", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writers with whom he worked included Andrew Grove , Senator Sam Ervin , Governor Thomas Kean , Lester Thurow , Robert Eisner , Kevin Phillips , Julian Jaynes , Judy Shelton , Yuji Ichioka , Merry White , and Daniel Yergin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Grove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Sam Ervin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Thomas Kean", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Lester Thurow", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "Robert Eisner", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "Kevin Phillips", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "Julian Jaynes", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "Judy Shelton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "Yuji Ichioka", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "Merry White", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "Daniel Yergin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corin met with fellow students at Stoneman Douglas , including David Hogg , Emma González and Cameron Kasky , at Kasky 's house ; they formed the Never Again MSD movement during these meetings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Stoneman Douglas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "David Hogg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Emma González", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "Cameron Kasky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Kasky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "Never Again MSD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , Forbes named Chiara Ferragni , Danielle Bernstein , Julia Engel , Gabi Gregg , Jenn Im , Susanna Lau , Nicolette Mason , Simone Zippi Stardust , Aimee Song and Bryan Yambao , also known as Bryanboy , as the top influencers in the fashion category .", "entity": [{"entity": "Forbes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Chiara Ferragni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Danielle Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Julia Engel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Gabi Gregg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Jenn Im", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Susanna Lau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Nicolette Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Simone Zippi Stardust", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 152]}, {"entity": "Aimee Song", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "Bryan Yambao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "Bryanboy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Sen died of a heart attack , Islam took over his duties , managing Bangladesh 's contributions to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , International Development Association , and International Finance Corporation , the former two of which were both previously managed by Sen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "Islam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "International Bank for Reconstruction and Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 160]}, {"entity": "International Development Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 200]}, {"entity": "International Finance Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 240]}, {"entity": "Sen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [299, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Devil 's Skipper is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by John G. Adolfi and starring Belle Bennett , Montagu Love and Gino Corrado .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Devil 's Skipper", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "John G. Adolfi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Belle Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Montagu Love", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "Gino Corrado", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2018 , it was announced Kristen Stewart , Jack O 'Connell , Anthony Mackie , Margaret Qualley and Colm Meaney had joined the cast of the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kristen Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Jack O 'Connell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "Anthony Mackie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Margaret Qualley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Colm Meaney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At an international student peace conference held in Paris on April 20 , 1949 , Robeson made the widely publicized controversial comments that American blacks would not support the United States in a post-World War II Cold War with the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "international student peace conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 44]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Robeson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "Cold War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [218, 226]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [236, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Simba rebellion of 1963-65 , also known as the Orientale Revolt , was a rebellion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo which took place within the wider context of the Congo Crisis and the Cold War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simba rebellion", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Orientale Revolt", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [93, 125]}, {"entity": "Congo Crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "Cold War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this interview conducted in Cambridge , Massachusetts on February 12 , 2004 , Chomsky starts by responding to Robert McNamara ' s comments about the World War II firebombing of Tokyo in The Fog of War by pointing out that definition of a war crime at the Nuremberg Trials was anything the enemy did that the Allies didn 't do and goes on to point out that this logic is central to the Bush doctrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Robert McNamara", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "firebombing of Tokyo", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [165, 185]}, {"entity": "The Fog of War", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 203]}, {"entity": "Nuremberg Trials", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [258, 274]}, {"entity": "Bush doctrine", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [388, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers of the Empire of Japan during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing states of World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States of America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [60, 84]}, {"entity": "Empire of Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [153, 168]}, {"entity": "Japan home islands campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [180, 207]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The German city of Friedrichshafen was bombed during World War II as part of the Allied strategic bombing campaign against Nazi Germany war materiel industry , particularly in the targeting of German fighter aircraft production and long range missile development .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Friedrichshafen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Nazi Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official presentation was made while the Allies of World War II wartime leaders were meeting in the Soviet embassy at the November 1943 Tehran Conference , where the final plans for Operation Overlord were being settled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Soviet embassy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "Tehran Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "Operation Overlord", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [186, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Purple Plain , also known as Llanura Roja , is a 1954 British war film , directed by Robert Parrish , with Gregory Peck playing a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot serving in the Royal Air Force in the Burma Campaign in the closing months of the World War II , who is battling with depression after having lost his wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Purple Plain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Llanura Roja", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "British war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Robert Parrish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Gregory Peck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "Royal Canadian Air Force", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "Royal Air Force", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [180, 195]}, {"entity": "Burma Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [203, 217]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [247, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his premiership , Renzi faced several challenging foreign policy situations , such as the European debt crisis , the civil war in Libya , the Ukrainian Crisis and the insurgency of the Islamic State ( IS ) in the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renzi", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "European debt crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [97, 117]}, {"entity": "civil war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "Libya", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "Ukrainian Crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [149, 165]}, {"entity": "insurgency of the Islamic State", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [174, 205]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [208, 210]}, {"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the end of the Second World War and the wartime alliance between the Soviet Union and the Allies of World War II of the United States , Great Britain , and France , a new Cold War erupted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Great Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "Cold War", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Arakan Campaign of 1942-43 was the first tentative Allies of World War II attack into British rule in Burma , following the Japanese conquest of Burma earlier in 1942 , during the Second World War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arakan Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Burma", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "Japanese conquest of Burma", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [128, 154]}, {"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [184, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The campaign 's sustained role in Russian culture may be seen in Tolstoy ' s War and Peace , Tchaikovsky ' s 1812 Overture , and the identification of it with the German invasion of 1941-45 , which became known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Tolstoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "War and Peace", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "Tchaikovsky", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "1812 Overture", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "German invasion of 1941-45", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [163, 189]}, {"entity": "Great Patriotic War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [218, 237]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [245, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Röttgen , in his capacity as environment minister , led the German delegations to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancún and the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Röttgen", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [86, 131]}, {"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [152, 197]}, {"entity": "Cancún", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [216, 261]}, {"entity": "Durban", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [265, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 1914 he was appointed to the Committee on Alleged German Outrages , which in May 1915 reported on German war crimes against civilians during the invasion of Belgium in the opening months of World War I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Committee on Alleged German Outrages", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 77]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "invasion of Belgium", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [157, 176]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [202, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Madden was permitted to temporarily leave the bench in 1945 to assist the United States Department of War and the United States Army in various legal capacities associated with the Allies of World War II administration of Allied-occupied Germany in the wake of World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "United States Department of War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 105]}, {"entity": "United States Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 132]}, {"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [191, 203]}, {"entity": "Allied-occupied Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [222, 245]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [261, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the second day of the Summit , President Obama announced that the next summit meeting about this subject will be in South Korea ; see 2012 Nuclear Security Summit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Obama", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "2012 Nuclear Security Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [137, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corsi had scheduled a press conference to announce the claim that Obama had raised a million dollars for the election campaign of Kenyan prime minister Raila Odinga , and had helped run Odinga 's campaign as a strategist , including setting the stage for the campaign of violence and bloodshed that had brought Odinga to power after a disputed election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corsi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Obama", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "election campaign of Kenyan", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 136]}, {"entity": "Raila Odinga", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "'s", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [193, 195]}, {"entity": "Odinga", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [311, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The California Campaign ( 1846-1847 ) , colloquially the Conquest of California or Conquest of Alta California by the United States , was an early military campaign of the Mexican-American War that took place in the western part of Mexico 's Alta California Department , in the present-day state of California .", "entity": [{"entity": "California Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "Conquest of California", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "Conquest of Alta California", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [83, 110]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Mexican-American War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [172, 192]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [232, 238]}, {"entity": "Alta California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [242, 257]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [299, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine Men is a 1943 United Kingdom war film , set in the Western Desert Campaign during the Second World War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nine Men", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Western Desert Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [56, 79]}, {"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The air raid was part of the Allies of World War II ' aerial campaign against the Home Islands of the Empire of Japan during World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Empire of Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "215 Although he had a difficult personal relationship with his superior Wilhelm Canaris the two co-operated closely in supporting Canaris ' friend Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War . John H. Waller , The Unseen War in Europe : Espionage and Conspiracy in the Second World War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Canaris", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Canaris", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Francisco Franco", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "Spanish Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [175, 192]}, {"entity": "John H. Waller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 209]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [271, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as an aide to Democratic National Committee chair Terry McAuliffe during the 2003-2004 election cycle before returning to work for Sen. Clinton 's campaign committee for Clinton 's 2006 re-election campaign and part of her 2008 presidential primary campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic National Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 53]}, {"entity": "Terry McAuliffe", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Sen. Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "2006 re-election campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [191, 216]}, {"entity": "2008 presidential primary campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [233, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UNA campaign manager Toby Tiangco said that the percentages could not be the same for every place in the Philippines ; meanwhile , Team PNoy spokesperson Miro Quimbo said that it is a result of a great message campaign led by the President himself and an aggressive ground war pursued by local parties allied with the President .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNA campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Toby Tiangco", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Team PNoy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Miro Quimbo", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filipinos suspended the independence campaign during the First World War and supported the United States and the Allies of World War I against the German Empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Filipinos", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "First World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "Allies", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "German Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [147, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a cable dated 15 January 2010 on the subject of war crimes accountability , the US ambassador in Colombo Patricia A. Butenis implicated Mahinda Rajapaksa in alleged war crimes committed in the final months of the Sri Lankan Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "US ambassador", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Colombo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "Patricia A. Butenis", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "Mahinda Rajapaksa", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Sri Lankan Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [216, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final draft of G20 Toronto summit communique became the public announcement that the 2011 summit in France would be followed by a 2012 summit in Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "G20 Toronto summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "2011 summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "2012 summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The referendum was held by the Council of the Islamic Revolution , because Mehdi Bazargan ' s Interim Government of Iran - which oversaw the previous referendum - had resigned in protest to the U.S. Embassy hostage crisis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Council of the Islamic Revolution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 64]}, {"entity": "Mehdi Bazargan", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "Interim Government of Iran", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 120]}, {"entity": "U.S. Embassy hostage crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [194, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 31 , 2009 an International Conference on Afghanistan ( subtitled : The Afghanistan Conference 2009 : A Comprehensive Strategy in a Regional Context ) was held in the World Forum Convention Center in The Hague where members of the international community discussed the future of Afghanistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "The Afghanistan Conference 2009", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [76, 107]}, {"entity": "World Forum Convention Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 204]}, {"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [287, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United Kingdom , the Alternative Vote referendum also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was a referendum that took place on 5 May 2011 , on whether to change the system for electing the House of Commons , the lower house of the national Parliament at Westminster .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Alternative Vote referendum", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "UK-wide referendum", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "House of Commons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 242]}, {"entity": "Parliament at Westminster", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [277, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLN campaign also focused in showing Calderón as a man of war and remembering old historical periods , blaming Calderonism for the 1948 Civil War and the 1955 Anastasio Somoza García -endorsed Calderonistas ' invasion attempt .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLN campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Calderón", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Calderonism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "1948 Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "Anastasio Somoza García", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [159, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the NATO Summit in Lisbon in November 2010 , Afghanistan 's President Hamid Karzai had asked Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel to host a follow-up conference ten years after the 2001 Bonn Conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO Summit in Lisbon", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 28]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Hamid Karzai", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "Angela Merkel", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "2001 Bonn Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [180, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2012 BRICS summit was the fourth annual BRICS summit , an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "2012 BRICS summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "BRICS summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [177, 183]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [203, 208]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [213, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Second Banda Oriental campaign was a military campaign of the Argentine War of Independence , that besieged and captured the Banda Oriental ( present-day Uruguay ) with joint operations against Montevideo by José Rondeau on land and William Brown on water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Banda Oriental campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "Argentine War of Independence", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [66, 95]}, {"entity": "Banda Oriental", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "Montevideo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 208]}, {"entity": "José Rondeau", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [212, 224]}, {"entity": "William Brown", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [237, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American entry into World War I came in the immediate aftermath of President Woodrow Wilson successful November 1916 re-election campaign , which made prominent use of the slogan He Kept Us Out of War .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Woodrow Wilson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There Novick threw a political jab , challenging Merkley 's statements that he had been an opponent of the war from the start by pointing to his support of a Republican-drafted non-binding resolution in 2003 , two days after the invasion began , that praised President George W. Bush for the invasion of Iraq and the efforts of the troops and prayed for their safety .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novick", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "Merkley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [269, 283]}, {"entity": "invasion of Iraq", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [292, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The International Crisis Group believes that the crisis in Guinea could lead to civil war in Guinea and to deteriorating political stability in neighboring Liberia , Sierra Leone and Côte d 'Ivoire , and Guinea-Bissau .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Crisis Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Guinea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Guinea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Liberia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Sierra Leone", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "Côte d 'Ivoire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "Guinea-Bissau", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been featured at various film festivals including the Toronto Festival of Festivals ; the Berlin International Film Festival ; the Cognac Festival du Film Policier , Cognac , France ; and the New Directors / New Films Festival in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Festival of Festivals", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 90]}, {"entity": "Berlin International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [97, 131]}, {"entity": "Cognac Festival du Film Policier , Cognac , France", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [138, 188]}, {"entity": "New Directors / New Films Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [199, 233]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [237, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conflict began when the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo ( FNLC ) , a group of about 2,000 Katangan Congolese soldiers ( veterans of the Congo Crisis , the Angolan War of Independence , and the Angolan Civil War ) crossed the border into Shaba from Angola .", "entity": [{"entity": "Front for the National Liberation of the Congo", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [28, 74]}, {"entity": "FNLC", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Congolese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "Congo Crisis", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "Angolan War of Independence", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [174, 201]}, {"entity": "Angolan Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [212, 229]}, {"entity": "Shaba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [256, 261]}, {"entity": "Angola", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [267, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Handan Campaign ( 邯郸战役 ) , also known as Pinghan Campaign ( 平汉战役 ) , short for Beiping-Hankou Campaign ( 北平汉口战役 ) , is one of the largest clashes between the communist force and the Kuomintang force immediately after the end of World War II , which resulted in communist victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Handan Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "邯郸战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Pinghan Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "平汉战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Beiping-Hankou Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [79, 102]}, {"entity": "北平汉口战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [182, 192]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [228, 240]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [261, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has been screened at various film festivals , including : the Palm Beach Jewish Film Festival , Palm Beach , Florida ; the Washington Jewish Film Festival , Washington , D.C. ; the Haifa International Film Festival , Haifa , Israel ; the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival , San Francisco ; the Hong Kong Jewish Film Festival , Hong Kong ; the Boston Jewish Film Festival , Boston ; and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palm Beach Jewish Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [71, 102]}, {"entity": "Palm Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "Washington Jewish Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [132, 163]}, {"entity": "Washington , D.C.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 183]}, {"entity": "Haifa International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [190, 223]}, {"entity": "Haifa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 231]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [234, 240]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Jewish Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [247, 281]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [284, 297]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [304, 313]}, {"entity": "Jewish Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [314, 334]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [337, 346]}, {"entity": "Boston Jewish Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [353, 380]}, {"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [383, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paisan ( They are set in the Italian campaign during World War II when Nazi Germany was losing the war against the Allies of World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paisan", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Italian campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Nazi Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Allies of World War II", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was screened at various film festivals , including : the Toronto International Film Festival , Canada ; the Huelva Latin American Film Festival , Spain ; the Norwegian International Film Festival , Norway ; the Human Rights Watch Film Festival , New York City ; the Amnesty International Film Festival , Netherlands ; and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [66, 101]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Huelva Latin American Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [117, 152]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "Norwegian International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [167, 204]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [207, 213]}, {"entity": "Human Rights Watch Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [220, 252]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [255, 268]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [275, 310]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [313, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the end of World War II and the official beginning of the Cold War , plans were made to prepare for an invasion by the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Cold War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Operation Cascade gave the Allies of World War II valuable experience in planning deception operations , which was later used to good effect in the deception operations covering the invasion of Europe ( D-Day landings in Normandy , and the invasion of Southern France ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allies of World War II", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 49]}, {"entity": "invasion of Europe", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [182, 200]}, {"entity": "D-Day landings in Normandy", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [203, 229]}, {"entity": "invasion of Southern France", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [240, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Datong - Jining Campaign ( 大同集宁战役 ) was a series of battles fought between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China mainly in northern Shanxi and the surrounding regions during the Chinese Civil War in the post- World War II era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Datong - Jining Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "大同集宁战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of China", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [98, 122]}, {"entity": "northern Shanxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 148]}, {"entity": "Chinese Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [188, 205]}, {"entity": "post- World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [213, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the defeat of Axis powers in the North African campaign in May 1943 , Winston Churchill , the British Prime Minister , who at least as far back as the Gallipoli campaign in World War I had a deep interest in the region , turned his sights on the islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Axis powers", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "North African campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "Winston Churchill", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Gallipoli campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [156, 174]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [178, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 3 , 1865 , Lincoln and Seward held a conference at Hampton Roads with three representatives of the Confederate government - Vice President Alexander H. Stephens , Senator Robert M. T. Hunter , and Assistant Secretary of War John Archibald Campbell - to discuss terms to end the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Seward", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Hampton Roads", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Confederate government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 133]}, {"entity": "Alexander H. Stephens", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [151, 172]}, {"entity": "Robert M. T. Hunter", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [183, 202]}, {"entity": "John Archibald Campbell", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [236, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under Lal Bahadur Shastri , the government 's popularity was boosted after India prevailed in the 1965 War with Pakistan , but this war ( along with the previous 1962 War with China ) had helped put a strain on the economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lal Bahadur Shastri", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [6, 25]}, {"entity": "1965 War with Pakistan", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [98, 120]}, {"entity": "1962 War with China", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of the economic and political challenges many countries in the region had faced since the 2001 Quebec City Summit of the Americas and because 14 Heads of State and Government in the Hemisphere had assumed office since then , the Government of Canada proposed holding a Special Summit of the Americas to reinforce hemispheric unity before the Fourth Summit of the Americas , which took place in Mar del Plata , Argentina , in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 Quebec City Summit of the Americas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [99, 138]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [252, 258]}, {"entity": "Special Summit of the Americas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [278, 308]}, {"entity": "Fourth Summit of the Americas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [351, 380]}, {"entity": "Mar del Plata", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [403, 416]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [419, 428]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Politics of War : The Story of Two Wars Which Altered Forever the Political Life of the American Republic 1890-1920 ( 1979 ) reports how William McKinley impelled the United States to fight the Spanish-American War ( April to August 1898 ) and how Woodrow Wilson compelled intervention to the First World War ( 1914-18 ) as well as how they determined the US 's emergence as an imperial world power .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Politics of War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "The Story of Two Wars Which Altered Forever the Political Life of the American Republic 1890-1920", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 119]}, {"entity": "William McKinley", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Spanish-American War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [198, 218]}, {"entity": "Woodrow Wilson", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [252, 266]}, {"entity": "First World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [297, 312]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [360, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whicker 's War HarperCollins 2005 About 1,500 of them had sailed from Tripoli , on the understanding that they were to join the rest of their units , at the time based in Sicily and soon to return to the United Kingdom in preparation for Operation Overlord , the Allies of World War II invasion of Normandy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whicker 's War HarperCollins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "Tripoli", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Sicily", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 177]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 218]}, {"entity": "Operation Overlord", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [238, 256]}, {"entity": "Allies of World War II", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 285]}, {"entity": "invasion of Normandy", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [286, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "253 was the final Allies of World War II attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allies of World War II", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 40]}, {"entity": "Italian Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [103, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Adriatic Campaign of World War I was a naval campaign fought between the Central Powers and the Mediterranean squadrons of United Kingdom , France , the Kingdom of Italy , Australia and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Adriatic Campaign of World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "Central Powers", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Mediterranean", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [157, 173]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [194, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the Caucasus Campaign of World War I broke out between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire , Britain declared martial law in Egypt , and announced that it would shoulder the entire burden of the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caucasus Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Russian Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "Ottoman Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "martial law", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaoyou -Shaobo Campaign was a campaign fought at the Gaoyou and the region between Gaoyou and Shaobo ( 邵伯 ) in Jiangsu , and it was a clash between the communist s and the former Kuomintang turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the Kuomintang after World War II , and their Japanese ally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaoyou -Shaobo Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Gaoyou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Gaoyou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Shaobo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Jiangsu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [243, 253]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [260, 272]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [285, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Weixian-Guangling-Nuanquan Campaign ( 蔚广暖战役 ) was a campaign fought in Wei ( 蔚 ) County and Warm Spring ( Nuanquan 暖泉 ) of Chahar ( province ) and Guanling ( 广灵 ) of Shanxi , and it was a clash between the communist s and the former Kuomintang turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the Kuomintang after World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weixian-Guangling-Nuanquan Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 39]}, {"entity": "蔚广暖战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Wei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "蔚", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 82]}, {"entity": "Warm Spring", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Nuanquan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "暖泉", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "Chahar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Guanling", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "广灵", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 164]}, {"entity": "Shanxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [210, 219]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [237, 247]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [255, 263]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [301, 311]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [318, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Datong -Puzhou Campaign ( 同蒲战役 ) is a campaign Communist Party of China fought against the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War in the post- World War II era in Shanxi , and resulted in communist victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Datong -Puzhou Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "同蒲战役", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of China", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [47, 71]}, {"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Chinese Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "post- World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [138, 156]}, {"entity": "Shanxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "communist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia has also been engaged on its own , also largely internally focused , counter-terrorism campaign often termed a war on terror , during the Second Chechen War , the Insurgency in the North Caucasus , and the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Second Chechen War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "Insurgency in the North Caucasus", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [170, 202]}, {"entity": "Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [213, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 1914 , World War I began when alliance obligations arising from the war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary brought Germany and Russia to war , while Germany 's invasion of Belgium directly triggered Britain 's entry .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Austria-Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "Germany 's invasion of Belgium", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [159, 189]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Campaign for a Referendum went to Manchester for the 2011 Conservative Party conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Remain Campaign was led by Britain Stronger in Europe , a cross-party lobbying group that was declared as the official Remain campaign for the referendum by the Electoral Commission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain Stronger in Europe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It later reappeared during EU membership referendum campaigning ahead of the 2016 UK referendum on EU membership , being used to criticise the campaign being run by Britain Stronger in Europe , supporters of the UK remaining in the European Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "EU membership referendum campaigning", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 63]}, {"entity": "2016 UK referendum on EU membership", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [77, 112]}, {"entity": "Britain Stronger in Europe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 191]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [212, 214]}, {"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [232, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Nigel Farage and long-term Eurosceptic party UK Independence Party used images from the refugee crisis during their campaign to increase the anxiety about immigration that the crisis caused , prompting criticism from some Leave and Remain supporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigel Farage", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "UK Independence Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [59, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hitler however cut a deal with Joseph Stalin to divide Eastern Europe ; when Germany did invade Poland in September 1939 , Britain and France declared war ; the British Commonwealth followed London 's lead Donald Cameron Watt , How War Came : Immediate Origins of the Second World War , 1938-39 ( 1990 )", "entity": [{"entity": "Hitler", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Joseph Stalin", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Eastern Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "British Commonwealth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 181]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "Donald Cameron Watt", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [206, 225]}, {"entity": "How War Came : Immediate Origins of the Second World War", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lines was nominated for the best film in 2016 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival , in 37th Fantasporto International Film Festival , in 2017 Los Angeles Greek Film Festival , in 30th Athens Panorama of European Cinema , in 10th this human world in Vienna , in 2018 Hellas FilmBox on Berlin , in 8th Philosophical IFF in Macedonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lines", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "2016 Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [41, 80]}, {"entity": "37th Fantasporto International Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [86, 130]}, {"entity": "2017 Los Angeles Greek Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [136, 172]}, {"entity": "30th Athens Panorama of European Cinema", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [178, 217]}, {"entity": "10th this human world in Vienna", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [223, 254]}, {"entity": "2018 Hellas FilmBox on Berlin", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [260, 289]}, {"entity": "8th Philosophical IFF in Macedonia", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [295, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brătianu , to seek a rapprochement with the former war enemy ; during World War II , PNL leaders supported Romania 's participation in the Axis -led invasion of the Soviet Union , while maintaining contacts with the Western Allies of World War II , ultimately backing the realignment with the latter in August 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brătianu", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "PNL", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "Axis -led invasion", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [139, 157]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "Allies of World War II", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [224, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the Mueller Report , the second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service , the GRU , hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign , including that of campaign chairman John Podesta , and also hacking into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee ( DCCC ) and the Democratic National Committee ( DNC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mueller Report", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Russian intelligence service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 112]}, {"entity": "GRU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "Clinton presidential campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [194, 223]}, {"entity": "John Podesta", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [262, 274]}, {"entity": "Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [328, 371]}, {"entity": "DCCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [374, 378]}, {"entity": "Democratic National Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [389, 418]}, {"entity": "DNC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [421, 424]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the summer of 1914 , he took part in the meetings of the Crown Council held at Sinaia , arguing for Romania 's neutrality in World War I. Two years later , he took part in the Crown Council meeting at Cotroceni Palace , voting for Romania 's entry into the war on the side of the Allies of World War I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crown Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Sinaia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "World War I.", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Crown Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "Cotroceni Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [204, 220]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Allies of World War I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [283, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service , the GRU , hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign , including that of campaign chairman John Podesta , and also hacking into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee ( DCCC ) and the Democratic National Committee ( DNC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian intelligence service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 78]}, {"entity": "GRU", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "Clinton presidential campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [160, 189]}, {"entity": "John Podesta", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [228, 240]}, {"entity": "Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [294, 337]}, {"entity": "DCCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [340, 344]}, {"entity": "Democratic National Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [355, 384]}, {"entity": "DNC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [387, 390]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This absolute loyalty began to break down during World War II when Vice-Presidents Henry A. Wallace and Harry S. Truman began to realize that a legacy of discrimination against blacks was a threat to the United States ' image abroad and its ability to win the Cold War against the radically egalitarian rhetoric of Communism .Fredericksen , Karl A. ; The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Henry A. Wallace", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Harry S. Truman", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [204, 217]}, {"entity": "Cold War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [260, 268]}, {"entity": "Communism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 324]}, {"entity": ".Fredericksen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [325, 338]}, {"entity": "Karl A.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [341, 348]}, {"entity": "Dixiecrat Revolt", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [355, 371]}, {"entity": "End of the Solid South", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [380, 402]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first phase of the campaign was concurrent with another SDF operation , the Raqqa campaign conducted against Raqqa , ISIL 's then-capital city and stronghold in Syria , as well as with the Central Syria campaign , the Eastern Syria campaign , and the Battle of Deir ez-Zor , in which the Syrian Army ( SAA ) was also capturing territory from the Islamic State ; the Iraqi Army ' s Western Iraq campaign against ISIL was also underway .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Raqqa campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Raqqa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "ISIL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Central Syria campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [193, 215]}, {"entity": "Eastern Syria campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [222, 244]}, {"entity": "Battle of Deir ez-Zor", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [255, 276]}, {"entity": "Syrian Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [292, 303]}, {"entity": "SAA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [306, 309]}, {"entity": "Islamic State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [350, 363]}, {"entity": "Iraqi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [370, 380]}, {"entity": "Western Iraq campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [385, 406]}, {"entity": "ISIL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [415, 419]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2016 , when Donald Trump promoted Manafort to the post of campaign manager , Gates began to work for the campaign as Manafort 's deputy handling the day-to-day activities of the campaign including taking responsibility for apparent plagiarism in Melania Trump ' s speech at the Republican National Convention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Manafort", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Gates", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Manafort", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "Melania Trump", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [254, 267]}, {"entity": "Republican National Convention", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [286, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revolt ignited a broader religious war across Germany , the Thirty Years ' War , which would involve not only the states of the empire but also Swedish Empire , the Dutch Republic , Kingdom of France , Denmark-Norway , Kingdom of England , Kingdom of Scotland , Habsburg Spain and Kingdom of Hungary and which would kill some eight million people before its end .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Thirty Years ' War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "Swedish Empire", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [148, 162]}, {"entity": "Dutch Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [186, 203]}, {"entity": "Denmark-Norway", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [223, 241]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [244, 263]}, {"entity": "Habsburg Spain", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [266, 280]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [285, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2018 North Korea-United States Singapore Summit , commonly known as Singapore Summit , was a summit meeting between North Korean Chairman Kim Jong-un and U.S. President Donald Trump , held at the Capella Hotel , Sentosa , Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "2018 North Korea-United States Singapore Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 51]}, {"entity": "Singapore Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong-un", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [173, 185]}, {"entity": "Capella Hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 213]}, {"entity": "Sentosa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [216, 223]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [226, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the decade leading up to the Anschluss and to World War II , implacable hostility between Social Democratic Party of Austria and Christian Conservatives had eroded civil society , undermined democratic institutions , and sparked a civil war ; the Christian Social Party eventually manufactured a constitutional crisis that allowed it to replace the Republic of Austria with the Federal State of Austria , a Fascist single-party state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anschluss", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Austria", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [93, 127]}, {"entity": "Christian Conservatives", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 155]}, {"entity": "civil war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [234, 243]}, {"entity": "Christian Social Party", "entity_type": "political party", "pos": [250, 272]}, {"entity": "Republic of Austria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [352, 371]}, {"entity": "Federal State of Austria", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [381, 405]}, {"entity": "Fascist single-party state", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [410, 436]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Western Allied Campaign in Romania consisted of war declarations and aerial operations during the Second World War by 8 Western Allied countries against Kingdom of Romania which itself was primarily engaged on the Eastern Front in fighting against the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Allied Campaign", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "Kingdom of Romania", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [157, 175]}, {"entity": "Eastern Front", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [218, 231]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [256, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2019 North Korea-United States Hanoi Summit , commonly known as the Hanoi Summit , was a two-day summit meeting between North Korea n Chairman Kim Jong-un and United States President Donald Trump , held at the Metropole Hotel in Hanoi , Vietnam , on February 27-28 , 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "2019 North Korea-United States Hanoi Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 47]}, {"entity": "Hanoi Summit", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong-un", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [163, 176]}, {"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [187, 199]}, {"entity": "Metropole Hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 229]}, {"entity": "Hanoi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 238]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "War returned in September 1939 when the French and British governments declared war on Nazi Germany in response to the German invasion of Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Nazi Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "German invasion of Poland", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [119, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buttigieg 's campaign manager , Mike Schmuhl , had previously been the campaign manager on Joe Donnelly ' s 2010 congressional campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buttigieg", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Mike Schmuhl", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Joe Donnelly", "entity_type": "politician", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "ESA 's Advanced Concepts Team also demonstrated theoretically that a deflection of 99942 Apophis could be achieved by sending a spacecraft weighing less than a tonne to impact against the asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Advanced Concepts Team", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 29]}, {"entity": "99942 Apophis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies in human neutrophils first detected a plasma membrane -localized site which reversibly bound 5-oxo-ETE and had the attributes of a Gi alpha subunit -linked G protein-coupled receptor based on the ability of 5-oxo-ETE to activate this class of membrane G proteins by a pertussis toxin -sensitive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "plasma membrane -localized site", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 77]}, {"entity": "5-oxo-ETE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Gi alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 190]}, {"entity": "5-oxo-ETE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [215, 224]}, {"entity": "G proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [260, 270]}, {"entity": "pertussis toxin -sensitive mechanism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [276, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That first evening session was organized by Jack Yardley from Johns Hopkins University , and included Henry Appelman ( University of Michigan ) , Harvey Goldman ( Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School ) , Bill Hawk ( The Cleveland Clinic ) , Tom Kent ( University of Iowa ) , Si-Chun Ming ( Temple University ) , Tom Norris ( University of Washington ) , and Robert Riddell ( University of Chicago ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Yardley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Johns Hopkins University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "Henry Appelman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Harvey Goldman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 199]}, {"entity": "Harvard Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [204, 226]}, {"entity": "Bill Hawk", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Clinic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [247, 263]}, {"entity": "Tom Kent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [268, 276]}, {"entity": "University of Iowa", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [279, 297]}, {"entity": "Si-Chun Ming", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [302, 314]}, {"entity": "Temple University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [317, 334]}, {"entity": "Tom Norris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [339, 349]}, {"entity": "University of Washington", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [352, 376]}, {"entity": "Robert Riddell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [385, 399]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [402, 423]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral TK phosphorylates aciclovir into its monophosphate form , which is subsequently phosphorylated to active aciclovir triphoshate by cellular kinase s , thus selectively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viral TK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "aciclovir", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "aciclovir triphoshate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "cellular kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [190, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also won the Copley Medal in 1907 , the Henry Draper Medal in 1916 and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1923 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Henry Draper Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypomethylation of these genes correlated with decreased expression of various DNMTs and Methyl-CpG-binding domain binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypomethylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "DNMTs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Methyl-CpG-binding domain binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 2016 , he was one of the four scientists of LIGO Scientific Collaboration / Virgo interferometer collaboration presenting at the press conference for the announcement that the first direct gravitational wave observation had been made in September 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIGO Scientific Collaboration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 85]}, {"entity": "Virgo interferometer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "first direct gravitational wave observation", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [188, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research indicates that the majority of variation in coat growth pattern , length and curl can be attributed to mutations in four genes , the R-spondin-2 gene or RSPO2 , the fibroblast growth factor-5 gene or FGF5 , the KRT71 gene or KRT71 and the melanocortin 5 receptor gene ( MC5R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "R-spondin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "RSPO2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "fibroblast growth factor-5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 200]}, {"entity": "FGF5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 213]}, {"entity": "KRT71 gene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "KRT71", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 239]}, {"entity": "melanocortin 5 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 271]}, {"entity": "MC5R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [279, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 9 May 1821 he married in Klein Lankum with Camper 's third child and second daughter Frederika Theodora Ernestina Camper ( 1799-1834 ) , who was herself an amateur-scientist who accompanied him on voyages to Georges Cuvier in France and Humphry Davy in England ; she made drawings of his specimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klein Lankum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Camper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Frederika Theodora Ernestina Camper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 123]}, {"entity": "Georges Cuvier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [211, 225]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [229, 235]}, {"entity": "Humphry Davy", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [256, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , cell stimulation causes DHA to be released from the sn-2 position of their membrane-bound cellular phospholipid pools through the action of a Phospholipase A2 -type enzyme and the subsequent attack of the released DHA by CYP450 epoxidases .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "sn-2 position", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "membrane-bound cellular phospholipid pools", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 127]}, {"entity": "Phospholipase A2 -type enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [152, 181]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "CYP450 epoxidases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [231, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Football is also a common sport and the multi-use Saifur Rahman Stadium and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium s are known to host football matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saifur Rahman Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Khan 's research focus is on developing new inhibitors against multidrug resistant clinical strains with special interest on extended spectrum beta lactamases ( ESBL ) such as NDM-1 and Beta-lactamase , using QSARR modeling and structure-based virtual screening methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Khan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "multidrug resistant", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "extended spectrum beta lactamases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [125, 158]}, {"entity": "ESBL", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "NDM-1", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "Beta-lactamase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [186, 200]}, {"entity": "QSARR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) bottles are made from ethylene and P-Xylene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyethylene terephthalate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "PET", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "P-Xylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most widely used to assess potential synthetic lethal interactions is using siRNA and CRISPR to modify target genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "siRNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the low pressure process α-olefins ( e.g. 1-Butene or 1-Hexene ) may be added , which are incorporated in the polymer chain during polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "α-olefins", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "1-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "1-Hexene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cory 's work has been published in research journals including Blood ( journal ) , The EMBO Journal , Nature ( journal ) , Cell Death & amp ; Differentiation , and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cory", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Blood", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "The EMBO Journal", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Cell Death & amp ; Differentiation", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [123, 157]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [164, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albarn teamed up with Robert 3D Del Naja of Massive Attack and worked with Stop the War Coalition , CND and the Muslim Association of Britain to organise campaigns to raise awareness of the potential dangers of the UK 's involvement in the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albarn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Robert 3D Del Naja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Massive Attack", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Stop the War Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "CND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "Muslim Association of Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 141]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [215, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further articles appeared on neuroethics in Nature Neuroscience , Neuron , and Brain and Cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "Neuron", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Brain and Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [79, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary effectors of Gβγ are various ion channels , such as G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel ( GIRKs ) , P-type calcium channel / Q-type calcium channel - and N- type voltage-gated Casup2 + / sup channels , as well as some isoforms of AC and PLC , along with some phosphoinositide-3-kinase ( PI3K ) isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gβγ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "ion channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 119]}, {"entity": "GIRKs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "P-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 154]}, {"entity": "Q-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 179]}, {"entity": "N- type voltage-gated", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [186, 207]}, {"entity": "Casup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [208, 222]}, {"entity": "AC", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [262, 264]}, {"entity": "PLC", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [269, 272]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide-3-kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [291, 316]}, {"entity": "PI3K", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [319, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It displays the mean time , sidereal , ( or star ) , time and the motions of the sun , moon and the five then-known planets Venus , Mars , Saturn , Mercury , and Jupiter .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hamilton was a visiting professor at Harvard University and later spent nine months with the Royal Society ' s and the Royal Geographical Society ' s Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition as a visiting professor at the University of São Paulo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [150, 179]}, {"entity": "University of São Paulo", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [211, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second season , married couple Rose Nadler ( L. Scott Caldwell ) and Bernard Nadler ( Sam Anderson ) , separated on opposite sides of the island ( she with the main characters , he with the tail section survivors ) , were featured in a flashback episode after being reunited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rose Nadler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "L. Scott Caldwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "Bernard Nadler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Sam Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of Casup2 + / sup , calmodulin and S100 protein bind calponin at the region of actin-binding sites and reverse calponin 's inhibition of myosin MgATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "S100 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "calponin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "calponin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "myosin MgATPase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amplified fragment ( amplicon ) is incubated with the restriction enzyme HaeIII , comprising the SNP in their recognition sequence GGCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "amplicon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "HaeIII", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has won five Grammy Awards , including Grammy Award for Album of the Year and Grammy Award for Record of the Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 77]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Record of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [82, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some asteroid s , also named after the same Shakespearean characters , share names with moons of Uranus : 171 Ophelia , 218 Bianca , 593 Titania , 666 Desdemona , 763 Cupido , and 2758 Cordelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "171 Ophelia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "218 Bianca", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "593 Titania", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "666 Desdemona", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "763 Cupido", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "2758 Cordelia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was opened in 1982 to host the 1982 Southern Cross Games and since then it has hosted the 1983 South American Championships in Athletics ; the 1985 , 1994 and 2001 South American Junior Championships in Athletics ; and the 1989 and 2001 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships , beside numerous seminars , congresses and courses .", "entity": [{"entity": "1982 Southern Cross Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 59]}, {"entity": "1983 South American Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [93, 126]}, {"entity": "Athletics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "2001 South American Junior Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [162, 202]}, {"entity": "Athletics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 215]}, {"entity": "2001 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [235, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GAR + 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate → Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide + Tetrahydrofolic acid", "entity": [{"entity": "GAR", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "10-Formyltetrahydrofolate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [34, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alferov and colleagues worked on Gallium arsenide and Aluminium arsenide III-V heterojunctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alferov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Gallium arsenide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Aluminium arsenide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [54, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has listed Christina Aguilera , Jessica Simpson , Bobbie Gentry , Janis Joplin , Shelby Lynne , and Shania Twain as her musical influences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christina Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "Jessica Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Bobbie Gentry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Janis Joplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Shelby Lynne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Shania Twain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Zeitschrift für Naturforschung ( English : Journal for Nature Research ) was established in 1946 by the Max Planck Institute and the physical sciences ( Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ) were separated from the other natural sciences ( Part B ) from 1947 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zeitschrift für Naturforschung", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Journal for Nature Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "Max Planck Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "the physical sciences ( Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A )", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [133, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second meeting was held soon thereafter and included Klaus Clusius , Robert Döpel , Werner Heisenberg , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus Clusius", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [110, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the The Recording Academy and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lifetime Achievement Award from the The Recording Academy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [25, 82]}, {"entity": "Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self-harmful T cells , further referred to as autoreactive T cells , originate in the thymus because of the stochastic process called V ( D ) J recombination which conducts the generation of T-cell receptor ( TCRs ) and enables their limitless variability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Self-harmful T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "autoreactive T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "thymus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "V ( D ) J recombination", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 157]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "TCRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has chaired the Southern Growth Policies Board , the Southern Regional Education Board , the Southern Technology Council , the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission , and the Education Commission of the States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Growth Policies Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 49]}, {"entity": "Southern Regional Education Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 89]}, {"entity": "the Southern Technology Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 123]}, {"entity": "Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 171]}, {"entity": "Education Commission of the States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific ligand of this receptor is CCL25 To note , the chemokine binding protein D6 had previously been named CCR9 , but this molecule is a scavenger receptor not a TRUE ( signaling ) chemokine receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCL25", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "D6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "CCR9", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "scavenger receptor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "chemokine receptor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of oxidative stress causes a loss of NF-κB signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidative stress", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mikhail Rabinovich published over 250 peer reviewed articles in leading scientific journals ( Science , Neuron , Journal of Neuroscience , PLoS Computational Biology , Reviews of Modern Physics , Physics of Fluids , Physical Review Letters ) that are actively cited ( over 3000 citations ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Rabinovich", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Neuron", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Journal of Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "PLoS Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [139, 165]}, {"entity": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [168, 193]}, {"entity": "Physics of Fluids", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 213]}, {"entity": "Physical Review Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [216, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , three major groups of DNA binding proteins have been predominantly used for epigenome editing : Zinc finger proteins , Transcription Activator-Like Effectors ( TALEs ) and nuclease deficient Cas9 fusions ( CRISPR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "Transcription Activator-Like Effectors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 169]}, {"entity": "TALEs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "Cas9", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 207]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [218, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On screen she has starred in scores of films and is a six-time Oscar nominee , winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the title role in the film Julia ( 1977 ) . 1977 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [91, 132]}, {"entity": "Julia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [164, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 1914 , experiments by physicists Ernest Rutherford , Henry Moseley , James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz had largely established the structure of an atom as a dense nucleus of positive charge surrounded by lower-mass electrons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernest Rutherford", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "Henry Moseley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "James Franck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Gustav Ludwig Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [89, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the discovery of a new element is claimed , the Joint Working Party ( JWP ) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ) assembles to examine the claims according to their criteria for the discovery of a new element , and decides scientific priority and naming rights for the elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "JWP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 137]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 203]}, {"entity": "IUPAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [9, 36]}, {"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further story arcs which provided a particular focus on individual characters include Addison Montgomery-Shepherd ( Kate Walsh ) facing Derek Shepherd ' s ( Patrick Dempsey ) desire to divorce her , Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) coping with Denny Duquette ' s ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) death and the repercussions of her choice to quit the internship program , and Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) struggling with the choice between Shepherd and Finn Dandridge ( Chris O 'Donnell ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addison Montgomery-Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 113]}, {"entity": "Kate Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Derek Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "Patrick Dempsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 172]}, {"entity": "Izzie Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 212]}, {"entity": "Katherine Heigl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 230]}, {"entity": "Denny Duquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 259]}, {"entity": "Jeffrey Dean Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [266, 285]}, {"entity": "Meredith Grey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [367, 380]}, {"entity": "Ellen Pompeo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [383, 395]}, {"entity": "Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [433, 441]}, {"entity": "Finn Dandridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [446, 460]}, {"entity": "Chris O 'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [463, 479]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non-governmental agencies such as the International Planned Parenthood Federation and Marie Stopes International provide contraceptive advice for young women worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Planned Parenthood Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 81]}, {"entity": "Marie Stopes International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , they activate multiple signal transduction pathways including oxidant stress , tyrosine kinase s , Protein kinase C , and MAPK s leading to activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB , and dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms including HKme , histone lysine acetylation , and DNA methylation via the action of corresponding methyltransferases , demethylases , acetylases , and deacetylases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "HKme", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "histone lysine acetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [263, 289]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [296, 311]}, {"entity": "methyltransferases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [344, 362]}, {"entity": "demethylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [365, 377]}, {"entity": "acetylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [380, 390]}, {"entity": "deacetylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [397, 409]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Young 's work on squid giant axons was utilized by Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin who in 1963 received the Nobel Prize for their work on the conduction of action potentials along nerve fibres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Young", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "squid giant axons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Andrew Huxley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Alan Hodgkin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "nerve fibres", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group included the physicists Walther Bothe , Robert Döpel , Hans Geiger , Wolfgang Gentner ( probably sent by Walther Bothe ) , Wilhelm Hanle , Gerhard Hoffmann , and Georg Joos ; Peter Debye was invited , but he did not attend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Gentner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Hanle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [149, 165]}, {"entity": "Georg Joos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "Peter Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [185, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writing for The Mathematical Gazette on the first edition , L. Rosenhead congratulated Goldstein for a lucid account of classical mechanics leading to modern theoretical physics , which he believed would stand the test of time alongside acknowledged classics such as E. T. Whittaker ' s Analytical Dynamics and Arnold Sommerfeld ' s Lectures on Theoretical Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Mathematical Gazette", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "L. Rosenhead", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "classical mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "E. T. Whittaker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [267, 282]}, {"entity": "Analytical Dynamics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [287, 306]}, {"entity": "Arnold Sommerfeld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [311, 328]}, {"entity": "Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [345, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his academic career he served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis , Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis , Journal of Elasticity , and the International Journal of Solids and Structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [68, 110]}, {"entity": "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 156]}, {"entity": "Journal of Elasticity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 180]}, {"entity": "International Journal of Solids and Structures", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [191, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA methyltransferase is the enzyme involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation marks .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA methyltransferase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The California portion of the desert also contains Edwards Air Force Base and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake , noted for experimental aviation and weapons projects , and the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms in the world at Twentynine Palms .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Edwards Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 114]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 234]}, {"entity": "Twentynine Palms", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [251, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical modelling of two of these super-Earths , Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f , suggests both could be solid , either rocky or rocky with frozen water .", "entity": [{"entity": "super-Earths", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Kepler-62e", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Kepler-62f", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nature Research also publishes other specialized journals including Nature Neuroscience , Nature Biotechnology , Nature Methods , the Nature Clinical Practice series of journals , Nature Structural & Molecular Biology , Nature Chemistry , and the Nature Reviews series of journals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Nature Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "Nature Biotechnology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "Nature Methods", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "Nature Clinical Practice", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "Nature Structural & Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [180, 217]}, {"entity": "Nature Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "Nature Reviews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biju has extensively published in high impact factor and prestigious journals such as Nature , Science , Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Proceedings of the Royal Society , and has written books on both plants and amphibians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biju", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [105, 146]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 196]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [199, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lexell calculated its orbit , showed that the comet had had a much larger perihelion before the encounter with Jupiter in 1767 and predicted that after encountering Jupiter again in 1779 it would be altogether expelled from the inner Solar System .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lexell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This minor planet was named in memory of Russian plant geneticist Nikolai Vavilov ( 1887-1943 ) and his physicist brother Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov ( 1891-1951 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Nikolai Vavilov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the many prestigious residents include : Academy Award winners Rustam Ibrahimbeyov and Vladimir Menshov , one of the founders and head of the Soviet space program Kerim Kerimov , Nobel Prize winner and physicist Lev Landau and famous musicians such as Gara Garayev , Uzeyir Hajibeyov , Muslim Magomayev , Vagif Mustafazadeh and Alim Qasimov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Rustam Ibrahimbeyov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Menshov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Soviet space program", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "Kerim Kerimov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "Lev Landau", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "Gara Garayev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [260, 272]}, {"entity": "Uzeyir Hajibeyov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [275, 291]}, {"entity": "Muslim Magomayev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [294, 310]}, {"entity": "Vagif Mustafazadeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [313, 331]}, {"entity": "Alim Qasimov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [336, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1937 to 1942 , as successor to Max Delbrück , Flügge was an assistant to Otto Hahn at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie ( KWIC , after World War II reorganized and renamed the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry ) , in Berlin-Dahlem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Delbrück", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 129]}, {"entity": "KWIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 220]}, {"entity": "Berlin-Dahlem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 the British Biochemical Society was given a grant by the Wellcome Trust to catalogue and preserve the 35 laboratory notebooks in which Sanger recorded his research from 1944 to 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Biochemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 39]}, {"entity": "Wellcome Trust", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Sanger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won the J. Lawrence Smith Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1960 , the Meteoritical Society Frederick C. Leonard Memorial Medal in 1968 , the Kepler Gold Medal from the American Association for the Advancement of Science & amp ; Meteoritical Society in 1972 , the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1975 and the Bruce Medal in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Lawrence Smith Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [11, 34]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "Meteoritical Society Frederick C. Leonard Memorial Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [87, 143]}, {"entity": "Kepler Gold Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [158, 175]}, {"entity": "American Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 205]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [280, 324]}, {"entity": "Bruce Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [341, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 11 , 2014 , astronomers released studies , using the Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) for the first time , that detailed the distribution of Hydrogen cyanide , Hydrogen isocyanide , Formaldehyde , and dust inside the comae of comet s C / 2012 F6 ( Lemmon ) and C / 2012 S1 ( ISON ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 109]}, {"entity": "ALMA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen cyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [174, 190]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen isocyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "Formaldehyde", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "comet s C / 2012 F6", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [259, 278]}, {"entity": "Lemmon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [281, 287]}, {"entity": "C / 2012 S1", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [294, 305]}, {"entity": "ISON", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [308, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ran exists in the cell in two nucleotide-bound forms : Guanosine diphosphate -bound and Guanosine triphosphate -bound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ran", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Guanosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "Guanosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [88, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WH2 domain is found as a modular part of larger proteins ; it can be associated with the WH1 domain or EVH1 domain and with the CRIB domain , and the WH2 domain can occur as a tandem repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "WH2 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "WH1 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "EVH1 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "CRIB domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "WH2 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and an Academy Award for Best Original Song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 75]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A United States Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker arrived at Misawa Air Base on 14 March with the first batch of relief workers and 50 civil engineers from Kadena Air Base .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 45]}, {"entity": "Misawa Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Kadena Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The journal is abstracted and indexed in Applied Mechanics Reviews , Current Contents / Engineering , Computing & Technology , Current Contents / Physics , Chemical , ; Earth Sciences , Compendex , Inspec , Mathematical Reviews , Scopus , and Zentralblatt MATH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Applied Mechanics Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "Engineering", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Computing & Technology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [102, 124]}, {"entity": "Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "Chemical", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "Earth Sciences", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Compendex", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "Inspec", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 204]}, {"entity": "Mathematical Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [207, 227]}, {"entity": "Scopus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "Zentralblatt MATH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [243, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurexin - Neuroligin interactions help establish the trans-synaptic functional asymmetry essential for the stabilization and maintenance of proper synaptic transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurexin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Neuroligin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "synaptic transmission", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [148, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1950s , James D. Watson , Francis Crick , Rosalind Franklin , and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with the genetic transfer of information .", "entity": [{"entity": "James D. Watson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Francis Crick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Rosalind Franklin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "Maurice Wilkins", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 1989 , an Indian group from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre ( P. K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan ) and in October 1989 , John Bockris ' group from Texas University reported on the creation of tritium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Bhabha Atomic Research Centre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 69]}, {"entity": "P. K. Iyengar", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "M. Srinivasan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "John Bockris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Texas University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "tritium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ring1A and Ring1B ( which are also known as Rnf1 and Rnf2 , respectively ) are Ubiquitin ligase that mark lysine 119 of histone H2A with a single ubiquitin group ( H2AK119ub ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ring1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ring1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Rnf1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Rnf2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Ubiquitin ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "lysine 119", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "H2A", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "H2AK119ub", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept had been advocated by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck , Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , Erasmus Darwin , and Robert Grant , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 88]}, {"entity": "Erasmus Darwin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Robert Grant", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 11 August 2014 , astronomers released studies , using the Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) for the first time , that detailed the distribution of HCN , Hydrogen isocyanide , Formaldehyde , and dust inside the comae of comet s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 107]}, {"entity": "ALMA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen isocyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [178, 197]}, {"entity": "Formaldehyde", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [200, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently on the editorial board of more than 10 scientific journals , among them Chaos , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A , PLOS One , European Journal of Physics , J. Nonlinear Science and Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics and of the Springer Series Complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaos", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [96, 145]}, {"entity": "PLOS One", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 186]}, {"entity": "J. Nonlinear Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 209]}, {"entity": "Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [214, 247]}, {"entity": "the Springer Series Complexity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [255, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unification , which was observed by Michael Faraday , extended by James Clerk Maxwell , and partially reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz , is one of the key accomplishments of 19th-century mathematical physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Faraday", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "Oliver Heaviside", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [123, 139]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "mathematical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [211, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has co-authored a number of frequently-cited articles in Circulation Research , the Journal of Biological Chemistry , and the American Journal of Physiology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Circulation Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [87, 118]}, {"entity": "American Journal of Physiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [129, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historian J. G. M. Ramsey reported a conference between militia commander John Sevier and Cherokee Chief Hanging Maw held at the original Citico in 1782 in which the two sides agreed to a truce .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. G. M. Ramsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "militia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "John Sevier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Cherokee", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Hanging Maw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Citico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Young began to study medicine in London at St Bartholomew 's Hospital in 1792 , moved to the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1794 , and a year later went to Göttingen , Lower Saxony , Germany , where he obtained the degree of doctor of medicine in 1796 from the University of Göttingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "St Bartholomew 's Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "University of Edinburgh Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [93, 131]}, {"entity": "Göttingen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 176]}, {"entity": "Lower Saxony", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 191]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [272, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1827 he was elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , and in 1829 he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 70]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [96, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album earned Usher numerous awards , including two Grammy Award s , three Billboard Music Awards and a BET Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Usher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "BET Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphitrite ( minor planet designation : 29 Amphridite ) is one of the largest S-type asteroid s , approximately in diameter , and probably third largest after 15 Eunomia and 3 Juno , although 7 Iris and 532 Herculina are similar in size .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphitrite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "29 Amphridite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [192, 198]}, {"entity": "532 Herculina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Woese was a MacArthur Fellow in 1984 , was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1988 , received the Leeuwenhoek Medal ( microbiology 's highest honor ) in 1992 , the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology in 1995 from the National Academy of Sciences ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Woese", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "MacArthur Fellow", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "Leeuwenhoek Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "microbiology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [182, 221]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She played at 1989 AFC Championship and 1990 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "1989 AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "1990 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He competed in Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics at the 1988 Summer Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "1988 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of these proteins recruit Histone deacetylase enzyme which initiate chromatin remodeling such that the DNA becoming less accessible to transcriptional machinery , such as RNA polymerase , effectively repressing gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone deacetylase enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "chromatin remodeling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [179, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lycomedes was discovered on 26 September 1960 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plate s taken by astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lycomedes", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 103]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 222]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recognition of his contribution to the creation of modern electrical science , an international convention , signed at the 1881 International Exposition of Electricity , established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement , along with the coulomb , volt , ohm , and watt , which are named , respectively , after Ampère 's contemporaries Charles-Augustin de Coulomb of France , Alessandro Volta of Italy , Georg Ohm of Germany , and James Watt of Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "electrical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "1881 International Exposition of Electricity", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [126, 170]}, {"entity": "ampere", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "coulomb", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [258, 265]}, {"entity": "volt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [268, 272]}, {"entity": "ohm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [275, 278]}, {"entity": "watt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [285, 289]}, {"entity": "Ampère", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [331, 337]}, {"entity": "Charles-Augustin de Coulomb", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [356, 383]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [387, 393]}, {"entity": "Alessandro Volta", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [396, 412]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [416, 421]}, {"entity": "Georg Ohm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [424, 433]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [437, 444]}, {"entity": "James Watt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [451, 461]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [465, 473]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five out of Finland 's 15 universities ref group = note These are Aalto University , the University of Helsinki , the University of the Arts Helsinki , the Hanken School of Economics , and the National Defence University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Aalto University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "University of Helsinki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [89, 111]}, {"entity": "University of the Arts Helsinki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [118, 149]}, {"entity": "Hanken School of Economics", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [156, 182]}, {"entity": "National Defence University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [193, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extended double stranded adapters are cleaved by Restriction enzyme at a specific restriction site located at 3 side of the tag sequence and will results in a 3 -dT overhang that will be ligated to the 3 -dA overhang on DNA libraries in adapter ligation step ( Figure 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Restriction enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "3 -dT overhang", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "3 -dA overhang", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "DNA libraries", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 237]}, {"entity": "adapter ligation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [241, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "50000 Quaoar and 90377 Sedna are two Solar System objects discovered in this way by Michael E. Brown and others at Caltech using the Palomar Observatory ' s Samuel Oschin telescope of and the Palomar-Quest large-area CCD camera .", "entity": [{"entity": "50000 Quaoar", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "90377 Sedna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Michael E. Brown", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Caltech", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "Samuel Oschin telescope", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 180]}, {"entity": "Palomar-Quest large-area CCD camera", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [192, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics without reaching the semifinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "2017 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The German university system allowed students to move easily from one university to another , so he spent summer semesters at Heidelberg University in 1902 and the University of Zurich in 1903 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The German university", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "Heidelberg University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [126, 147]}, {"entity": "University of Zurich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [164, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparently regulated genes encode subunits of RNA polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STAT6 , IRF4 , GATA3 are absolutely required for TsubH / sub9 cell development and other such as PU.1 , BATF , NF-κB , NFAT1 , STAT5 , AP-1 transcription factor contribute to TsubH / sub9 sub-population commitment and to IL-9 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "IRF4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "GATA3", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "TsubH / sub9 cell", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "BATF", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "NFAT1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "AP-1 transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 160]}, {"entity": "TsubH / sub9", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "IL-9", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reverse transcriptase protocols at the time had difficulties with the secondary structure of mRNA , leading to abbreviated cDNAs that were difficult to align and invited further complications in downstream analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "cDNAs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include the Naval Base San Diego , Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , and Naval Air Station North Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naval Base San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 38]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 73]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Air Station Miramar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 108]}, {"entity": "Naval Air Station North Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drewry Ice Stream in Ellsworth Land and Mount Drewry in the Queen Alexandra Range are named after him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drewry Ice Stream", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Ellsworth Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Mount Drewry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Queen Alexandra Range", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a life member of the Franklin Institute , the National Academy of Engineering and the Society for Advancement of Management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 84]}, {"entity": "Society for Advancement of Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal candidates for the origin of Mars ' methane include non-biological processes such as Properties of water -rock reactions , radiolysis of water , and pyrite formation , all of which produce Hydrogen that could then generate methane and other hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with Carbon monoxide and COsub2 / sub .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "water -rock reactions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 134]}, {"entity": "radiolysis of water", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 156]}, {"entity": "pyrite formation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [203, 211]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [255, 267]}, {"entity": "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [272, 297]}, {"entity": "Carbon monoxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [303, 318]}, {"entity": "COsub2 / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [323, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a definition of the term planet could also have led to changes in classification for the trans-Neptunian object s , and the asteroids 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , and 10 Hygiea .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans-Neptunian object", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minor planets 1062 Ljuba and 1086 Nata were also named after Soviet female paratroopers Lyuba Berlin ( 1915-1936 ) and Nata Babushkina ( 1915-1936 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "1062 Ljuba", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "1086 Nata", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Lyuba Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Nata Babushkina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This minor planet was named for Aesculapius , the Greek and Roman demigod of medicine and healing , son of Apollo and Coronis , after whom the asteroids 158 Koronis and 1862 Apollo are named , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Aesculapius", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Roman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "medicine", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "Apollo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Coronis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "158 Koronis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "1862 Apollo", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this publication he proposed the names still used today for the seven then-known satellites of Saturn : Mimas , Enceladus , Tethys , Dione , Rhea , Titan , and Iapetus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Mimas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Enceladus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "Tethys", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Dione", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Rhea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 156]}, {"entity": "Iapetus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is probably the fifth- most-massive asteroid after Ceres , 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , and 10 Hygiea , with a mass estimated to be 1.2 % of the mass of the entire asteroid belt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "asteroid belt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were proposed independently by Alfred J. Lotka in 1925 and Vito Volterra in 1926 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred J. Lotka", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Vito Volterra", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lolitrem B affects a kind of ion channel called BK channel s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lolitrem B", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ion channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "BK channel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closer to the city , several sporting complexes are located , including the Hobart Aquatic Centre , Hobart International Tennis Centre the Domain Athletic Centre , and the Hobart TCA Ground .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobart Aquatic Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "Hobart International Tennis Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 134]}, {"entity": "Domain Athletic Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "Hobart TCA Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , she has received five Academy of Country Music Awards , six Country Music Association Awards , and a Grammy Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy of Country Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 68]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [75, 107]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juilfs was a theoretical physics assistant from 1938 to 1945 at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik ( KWIP , Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics ; today , the Max-Planck Institut für Physik ) , first for Max von Laue and from 1943 to Werner Heisenberg and Hentschel , 1996 , Appendix F .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juilfs", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 102]}, {"entity": "KWIP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 148]}, {"entity": "Max-Planck Institut für Physik", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 193]}, {"entity": "Max von Laue", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [208, 220]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [238, 255]}, {"entity": "Hentschel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [260, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excessive amounts of chlorine in the buffer should also be avoided , since this will overlap with the sulfur peak ; Potassium bromide and Sodium bromide are suitable alternatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Potassium bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "Sodium bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original body farm is the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility located a few miles from downtown on Alcoa Highway in Tennessee , behind the University of Tennessee Medical Center .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [30, 87]}, {"entity": "Alcoa Highway in", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "University of Tennessee Medical Center", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [165, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These experimental and mathematical analyses were applied to several areas of geophysics : Earth 's shape , density , and gravity field ( Pierre Bouguer , Alexis Clairaut and Henry Cavendish ) , Earth 's magnetic field ( Alexander von Humboldt , Edmund Halley and Carl Friedrich Gauss ) , seismology ( John Milne and Robert Mallet ) , and the Earth 's age , heat and radioactivity ( Arthur Holmes and William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mathematical", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "geophysics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "Pierre Bouguer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Alexis Clairaut", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [155, 170]}, {"entity": "Henry Cavendish", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [175, 190]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "Alexander von Humboldt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [221, 243]}, {"entity": "Edmund Halley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [246, 259]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [264, 284]}, {"entity": "seismology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [289, 299]}, {"entity": "John Milne", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [302, 312]}, {"entity": "Robert Mallet", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [317, 330]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [343, 348]}, {"entity": "Arthur Holmes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [383, 396]}, {"entity": "William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [401, 435]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three required enzyme activities are : exonuclease , DNA polymerase , and DNA ligase .", "entity": [{"entity": "exonuclease", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "DNA ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer programs that solve these problems have been used to research a broad range of scientific topics from Adenosine diphosphate to breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observations are currently being coordinated by the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers and the British Astronomical Association to re-observe sites where transient lunar phenomena were reported in the past .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 96]}, {"entity": "British Astronomical Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The programs described are Arthur Samuel ' s checkers program for the IBM 701 , Daniel Bobrow ' s STUDENT , Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon ' s Logic Theorist and Terry Winograd ' s SHRDLU .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Samuel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "IBM 701", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Daniel Bobrow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "STUDENT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "Allen Newell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Herbert A. Simon", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "Logic Theorist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [165, 179]}, {"entity": "SHRDLU", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s , predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois , Johann Palisa , Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth ( also see category ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Charlois", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "Johann Palisa", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [154, 167]}, {"entity": "Max Wolf", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Karl Reinmuth", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For herbivore mammal species , DNA is usually extracted from faeces samples Potentially , this application is applicable to all herbivorous species feeding on angiosperms and gymnosperms Alternatively to the trn L aprroach , the markers RuBisCO , ITS2 , Maturase K , trnH-psbA can be used to amplify plant species .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "angiosperms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "gymnosperms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "RuBisCO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "ITS2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "Maturase K", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [254, 264]}, {"entity": "trnH-psbA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [267, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the Hong Kong roster in the women 's basketball tournament of the 2018 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "women 's basketball tournament", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 66]}, {"entity": "2018 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucifer was the name used by the Romans for the Venus and the goddess Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucifer", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Romans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ten attendees were conference organizer J. Peter Pearman , Frank Drake , Philip Morrison , businessman and radio amateur Dana Atchley , chemist Melvin Calvin , astronomer Su-Shu Huang , neuroscientist John C. Lilly , inventor Barney Oliver , astronomer Carl Sagan and radio-astronomer Otto Struve .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Peter Pearman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "Frank Drake", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Philip Morrison", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "Dana Atchley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "Melvin Calvin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "Su-Shu Huang", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "John C. Lilly", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [205, 218]}, {"entity": "Barney Oliver", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [230, 243]}, {"entity": "Carl Sagan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [257, 267]}, {"entity": "Otto Struve", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [289, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The planets of the Solar System are divided into two groups : the four inner planets are the terrestrial planet s ( Mercury , Venus , Earth and Mars ) , with relatively small sizes and rocky surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "terrestrial planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognition of Kilby 's outstanding achievements have been made by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) , including the election to IEEE Fellow in 1966 , the IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 1966 , was created in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kilby", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 120]}, {"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "IEEE Fellow", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "IEEE David Sarnoff Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [184, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a diameter of approximately 10 kilometers , Amundsenia is one of the largest mid-sized Mars-crossing asteroid s such as 1139 Atami ( 9.35 km ) , 1474 Beira ( 14.9 km ) , 1011 Laodamia ( 7.39 km ) , 1727 Mette ( est 9 km ) , 1131 Porzia ( 7.13 km ) , 1235 Schorria ( est .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amundsenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Mars-crossing asteroid", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 114]}, {"entity": "1139 Atami", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "1474 Beira", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "1011 Laodamia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 188]}, {"entity": "1727 Mette", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 213]}, {"entity": "1131 Porzia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [229, 240]}, {"entity": "1235 Schorria", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [255, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond the Earth 's atmosphere , thunderstorms have also been observed on the planets of Jupiter , Saturn , Neptune , and , probably , Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such measures include proofreading by some DNA polymerase during replication , DNA mismatch repair following replication , DNA proofreading and repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "DNA mismatch repair", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 98]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase s is one of the ways radiation induced DNA damage can be repaired .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA synthesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCR3 is a receptor for multiple inflammatory / inducible CC chemokines , including CCL11 , CCL26 , CCL7 , CCL13 , CCL15 , CCL24 and CCL5 that attract eosinophils , and CCL28 that attracts B and T lymphocyte s to mucosal tissue s.ref name = Youn / It is most highly expressed in both eosinophils and basophils , but can also be found in Th1 and Th2 cells and airway epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CC chemokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "CCL11", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "CCL26", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "CCL7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "CCL13", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "CCL15", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "CCL24", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "CCL5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "CCL28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "B and T lymphocyte", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [188, 206]}, {"entity": "mucosal tissue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [212, 226]}, {"entity": "eosinophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [283, 294]}, {"entity": "basophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [299, 308]}, {"entity": "Th1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [336, 339]}, {"entity": "Th2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [344, 347]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [365, 381]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 11 September 2010 , Jones performed for an audience of 50,000 at the Help for Heroes charity concert at Twickenham Stadium performing Strange Things Are Happening Every Day and his hit Green , Green Grass of Home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Help for Heroes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "charity concert", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Twickenham Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "Strange Things Are Happening Every Day", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 175]}, {"entity": "Green , Green Grass of Home", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [188, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mining interests Thomas Ewing and George W. Grayson , then miner Edward Blewett , Judge Hiram G. Bond of Denver and New York City , and Seattle publisher Leigh S. J. Hunt , funded further work and soon a wagon road was built over Barlow Pass to join the Sauk wagon road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Ewing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "George W. Grayson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Edward Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Hiram G. Bond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "Leigh S. J. Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "Barlow Pass", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 241]}, {"entity": "Sauk wagon road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [254, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camilla is the 6th trinary asteroid that has been discovered in the asteroid belt , after 87 Sylvia , 45 Eugenia , 216 Kleopatra , 93 Minerva and 130 Elektra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camilla", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "87 Sylvia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "45 Eugenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "216 Kleopatra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "93 Minerva", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "130 Elektra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to efforts such as Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment , or OGLE , that have characterized hundreds of such events , including those of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb and OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 68]}, {"entity": "OGLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topics included matter creation and annihilation , the fundamental interaction s , elementary particle s and their currents , hadron ic and lepton ic physics , and the parton model , published in professional peer-reviewed scientific journal s including Nuclear Physics B , Australian Journal of Physics , Nuovo Cimento , and Physical Review D .", "entity": [{"entity": "matter creation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "annihilation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "fundamental interaction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "elementary particle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "hadron ic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "lepton ic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "parton model", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "peer-reviewed scientific journal", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 241]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Physics B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [254, 271]}, {"entity": "Australian Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [274, 303]}, {"entity": "Nuovo Cimento", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [306, 319]}, {"entity": "Physical Review D", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [326, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In neuron s , gambierol has been reported to induce Ca threshold for the activation of Ras superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuron", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "gambierol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Ca threshold", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Ras superfamily", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can simulate BOD / DO , Ammonia , Nitrate , Eutrophication , heavy metals and Wetland s .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "DO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Ammonia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Nitrate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Eutrophication", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "heavy metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "Wetland", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The episode 's airing - in particular , its shock regeneration - contributed to a public surge of interest , and speculation about Tennant 's replacement : actor Robert Carlyle was the bookmaker 's favourite and actors James McAvoy , Jason Statham , Alan Davies , and James Nesbitt were less popular predictions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tennant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Robert Carlyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "James McAvoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 231]}, {"entity": "Jason Statham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "Alan Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [250, 261]}, {"entity": "James Nesbitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [268, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a member of the American Philosophical Society and an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , and in 1985 was a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy 0.2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 52]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 119]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the British Academy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some additional examples include 990 Yerkes , 991 McDonalda , and 992 Swasey around this time ; many more minor planets would be discovered at the observatory in the following decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "990 Yerkes", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "991 McDonalda", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "992 Swasey", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , unlike vertebrates who use G protein coupled receptors ( G protein-coupled receptor ) , insects express proteins including ORs ( olfactory receptors ) , GRs ( gustatory receptors ) and IRs ( ionotropic receptors ) which are all heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "vertebrates", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "G protein coupled receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 60]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 89]}, {"entity": "ORs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "olfactory receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "GRs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "gustatory receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "IRs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "ionotropic receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 217]}, {"entity": "heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It works by blocking Type I topoisomerase which results in DNA damage and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Type I topoisomerase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "DNA damage", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "cell death", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It did not pass through its perihelion until 13 March 1759 , the attraction of Jupiter and Saturn having caused a retardation of 618 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Vital-IT infrastructure is distributed to three sites : University of Lausanne , EPFL and University of Geneva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vital-IT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "University of Lausanne", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "EPFL", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "University of Geneva", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , his work with WITNESS and his long-standing support of peace and human rights causes was recognised by the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates with the Man of Peace award .", "entity": [{"entity": "WITNESS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "Man of Peace award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related star s : two of the three , Kepler-438b and Kepler-442b , are near-Earth-size and likely rocky ; the third , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "exoplanets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Kepler-438b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Kepler-442b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Kepler-440b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "super-Earth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alessandra Becatti ( born 30 April 1965 ) is an Italy female retired heptathlete , which participated at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alessandra Becatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "1987 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to reset the protein to its original , basic state , it needs ATP synthase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP synthase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the lighthouse , there are four other sites in Point Loma listed on the National Register of Historic Places : Cabrillo National Monument , the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego , Naval Training Center San Diego , and Rosecroft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Point Loma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "National Register of Historic Places", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 123]}, {"entity": "Cabrillo National Monument", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 152]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 195]}, {"entity": "Naval Training Center San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 229]}, {"entity": "Rosecroft", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [236, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2018 a group of Chinese scientists published research in the journal Molecular Therapy detailing their use of CRISPR technology to correct a single mistaken amino acid successfully in 16 out of 18 attempts in a human embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Molecular Therapy", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "CRISPR technology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 139]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the first group interacts one plaque protein without PDZ domain , called cingulin , which plays a key role in the cell adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "cingulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "cell adhesion", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story instead focuses on the Doctor 's companion , Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) and her encounters with former companion Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donna Noble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Catherine Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Rose Tyler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Billie Piper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , he finished fourth at the 2014 European Championships and won the silver medal at the 2013 Summer Universiade .", "entity": [{"entity": "2014 European Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 67]}, {"entity": "2013 Summer Universiade", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [100, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As early as 1807 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Brewster by Marischal College , Aberdeen ; in 1815 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society , and received the Copley Medal ; in 1818 he received the Rumford Medal of the society ; and in 1816 the French Institute awarded him one-half of the prize of three thousand francs for the two most important discoveries in physical science made in Europe during the two preceding years .", "entity": [{"entity": "LL.D.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Brewster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Marischal College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [124, 151]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [171, 183]}, {"entity": "Rumford Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "French Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [257, 273]}, {"entity": "physical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [375, 391]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [400, 406]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are several descriptions and discussions about a philosophical theory of the water cycle by Vitruvius , Leonardo da Vinci and Bernard Palissy .", "entity": [{"entity": "philosophical", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "water cycle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "Vitruvius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Leonardo da Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Bernard Palissy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before receiving his Ph.D. for atomic models of alkali metals from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1924 , he spent the 1922-23 academic year as a Fellow of The American-Scandinavian Foundation at the University of Copenhagen under Niels Bohr and Hans Kramers .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkali metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [67, 104]}, {"entity": "Fellow of The American-Scandinavian Foundation", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [155, 201]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [209, 233]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [240, 250]}, {"entity": "Hans Kramers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [255, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encke ( 1850 ) has further symbols for 5 Astraea , 6 Hebe , 7 Iris , 8 Flora and 9 Metis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Encke", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "5 Astraea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "6 Hebe", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "8 Flora", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "9 Metis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABC Family Worldwide Inc ( ABC Family Channel ) , Regent University , the American Center for Law & Justice ( ACLJ ) , the Founders Inn and Conference Center , the Christian Coalition of America , an L-1011 Flying Hospital , Operation Blessing International , and CBN Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC Family Worldwide Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "ABC Family Channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "Regent University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "American Center for Law & Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 107]}, {"entity": "ACLJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Founders Inn and Conference Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 157]}, {"entity": "Christian Coalition of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 194]}, {"entity": "L-1011 Flying Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [200, 222]}, {"entity": "Operation Blessing International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [225, 257]}, {"entity": "CBN Asia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [264, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common herbicide used was Herbicide Orange , more commonly referred to as Agent Orange : a fifty-fifty mixture of two herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) manufactured for the U.S. Department of Defense primarily by Monsanto Corporation and Dow Chemical .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbicide Orange", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Agent Orange", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [138, 168]}, {"entity": "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [171, 201]}, {"entity": "2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [208, 241]}, {"entity": "2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [244, 277]}, {"entity": "U.S. Department of Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [301, 327]}, {"entity": "Monsanto Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [341, 361]}, {"entity": "Dow Chemical", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [366, 378]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his career he held academic posts at the universities of University of Manchester ( 1951-6 ) , Durham University ( 1956-92 ) , the University of Ceylon and the University of Hong Kong , and was head of department at Durham where he remains an emeritus professor .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Manchester", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [64, 88]}, {"entity": "Durham University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "University of Ceylon", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [138, 158]}, {"entity": "University of Hong Kong", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [167, 190]}, {"entity": "Durham", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [223, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout its run , the executive producers of the series were Damon Lindelof , J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Carlton Cuse , Jack Bender , Jeff Pinkner , Edward Kitsis , Adam Horowitz , Jean Higgins , and Elizabeth Sarnoff , with Lindelof and Cuse serving as showrunner s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damon Lindelof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "J. J. Abrams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Bryan Burk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Carlton Cuse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Jack Bender", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Jeff Pinkner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "Edward Kitsis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Adam Horowitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "Jean Higgins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 197]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Sarnoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 221]}, {"entity": "Lindelof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1896 , he translated , from German , Heimat , a play in four acts by Hermann Sudermann , renamed Magda and played by Henry Stephenson and Charles Waldron in a Broadway theatre production in New York City , New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Hermann Sudermann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Magda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "Henry Stephenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "Charles Waldron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Broadway theatre", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [162, 178]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 206]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [209, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "Cornelis Johannes van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other three gas giant s ( Saturn , Uranus and Neptune ) eclipses only occur at certain periods during the planet 's orbit , due to their higher inclination between the orbits of the moon and the orbital plane of the planet .", "entity": [{"entity": "gas giant", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "moon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Vincent Gallo and Maria de Medeiros , and was directed by Spanish filmmaker and actress María Lidón ( credited in the English version of the movie as Luna ) , with screenplay by Spanish science fiction author Juan Miguel Aguilera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincent Gallo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Maria de Medeiros", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "María Lidón", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "Luna", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "Juan Miguel Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occultations have also been used to estimate the diameter of trans-Neptunian object s such as , 28978 Ixion , and 20000 Varuna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Occultations", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "trans-Neptunian object", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "28978 Ixion", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "20000 Varuna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As demonstrated by Temin and Baltimore , who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dulbecco , the transfer of viral genes to the cell is mediated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase ( or , more precisely , RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ) , which replicates the viral genome ( in this case made of RNA ) into DNA , which is later incorporated in the host genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Baltimore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 93]}, {"entity": "Dulbecco", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [182, 203]}, {"entity": "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [228, 256]}, {"entity": "RNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [318, 321]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [329, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2011 , during the Second CoRoT Symposium , the probe added ten new objects to the Exoplanet catalogue : CoRoT-16b , CoRoT-17b , CoRoT-18b , CoRoT-19b , CoRoT-20b , CoRoT-21b , CoRoT-22b , CoRoT-23b , CoRoT-24b , CoRoT-24c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second CoRoT Symposium", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "Exoplanet catalogue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-16b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-17b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-18b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-19b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-20b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-21b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-22b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-23b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-24b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-24c", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was about eighteen he went to the University of Copenhagen and afterwards studied at University of Rostock and Wittenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [42, 66]}, {"entity": "University of Rostock and Wittenberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [93, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with Roger Guillemin he described the neurohormone GnRH that controls Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Guillemin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "neurohormone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Follicle-stimulating hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 107]}, {"entity": "Luteinizing hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 176]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1993 the Milutin Milankovic Medal has been awarded by the European Geophysical Society ( called the European Geosciences Union since 2003 ) for contributions in the", "entity": [{"entity": "Milutin Milankovic Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "European Geophysical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "European Geosciences Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The invitees included Walther Bothe , Siegfried Flügge , Hans Geiger , Otto Hahn , Paul Harteck , Gerhard Hoffmann , Josef Mattauch , and Georg Stetter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Siegfried Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Paul Harteck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "Josef Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Georg Stetter", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study showed that CRISPR is could effectively be used as a gene-editing tool in human 2PN zygotes , which could lead potentially pregnancy viable if implanted .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "human 2PN zygotes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Editors-in-Chief of Neuro-Ophthalmology are Gordon Plant ( National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London , UK ) and Walter Jay ( Loyola University Medical Center ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuro-Ophthalmology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Gordon Plant", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 111]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "Walter Jay", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "Loyola University Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MACROH2A deposition has been suggested to be regulated by the Cullin - SPOP - RBX1 ligase complex and is actively involved in stable X inactivation , likely through the formation of an additional layer of epigenetic silencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "MACROH2A deposition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Cullin - SPOP - RBX1 ligase complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 97]}, {"entity": "X inactivation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "epigenetic silencing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , three new actors joined the regular cast : Elizabeth Mitchell , as fertility doctor and Other Juliet Burke ; and Kiele Sanchez and Rodrigo Santoro as background survivor couple Nikki Fernandez and Paulo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Juliet Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Kiele Sanchez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Rodrigo Santoro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "Nikki Fernandez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "Paulo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 13 February 2015 , scientists ( including Geoffrey Marcy , Seth Shostak , Frank Drake and David Brin ) at a convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , discussed Active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent extraterrestrials in the Cosmos was a good idea ;", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoffrey Marcy", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Seth Shostak", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Frank Drake", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "David Brin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 180]}, {"entity": "Active SETI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "Cosmos", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [289, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arizona State University offers undergraduate student housing on four metropolitan Phoenix campuses ( Arizona State University Tempe campus , Arizona State University Polytechnic campus , Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus , and Arizona State University West campus ) , plus the ASU Colleges at Lake Havasu City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Phoenix campuses", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Tempe campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [102, 139]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Polytechnic campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [142, 185]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [188, 236]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University West campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [243, 279]}, {"entity": "ASU Colleges at Lake Havasu City", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [293, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traditional precursor is N-Nitroso-N-methylurea , but this compound is itself somewhat unstable , and nowadays compounds such as Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ( MNNG ) and Diazald ( Diazald ) are preferred .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-Nitroso-N-methylurea", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "Methylnitronitrosoguanidine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [133, 160]}, {"entity": "MNNG", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "Diazald", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "Diazald", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [184, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The International Astronomical Union names all colles ( small hills ) on Saturn ' s moon Titan after characters in Tolkien 's work .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Astronomical Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Tolkien", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since uranium had been named after the planet Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune , element 94 was named after Pluto , which at the time was considered to be a planet as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "neptunium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pupil of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet , Gabriel Lamé and Augustin-Louis Cauchy Bjerknes worked for the rest of his life in the field of hydrodynamics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [11, 41]}, {"entity": "Gabriel Lamé", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Augustin-Louis Cauchy Bjerknes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 91]}, {"entity": "hydrodynamics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [140, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as editor of Optics Communications ( 1987-2006 ) and was member of the editorial board at Physical Review A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optics Communications", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "Physical Review A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1840s , Urbain Le Verrier used Newtonian mechanics to predict the position of the then-undiscovered planet Neptune after analyzing perturbations in the orbit of Uranus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urbain Le Verrier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Newtonian mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Esaki moved back to Japan in 1992 , subsequently , he served as president of the University of Tsukuba and Shibaura Institute of Technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Esaki", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "University of Tsukuba", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "Shibaura Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [107, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1930 to 1934 , Wu studied at National Central University ( later renamed Nanjing University ) , first in mathematics , but later transferring to physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "National Central University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "Nanjing University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quarry is at Herniss , to the north of the A 394 road , between Rame and Longdowns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herniss", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "A 394 road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Rame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "Longdowns", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The schemas targeted by emotional selection are those essential for meeting human needs , such as those define by Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray .", "entity": [{"entity": "schemas", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Abraham Maslow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Henry Murray", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1991 , the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine in 1993 , the Otto Warburg Medal in 1999 and half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [85, 117]}, {"entity": "Otto Warburg Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [175, 199]}, {"entity": "nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [231, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her group has characterized the role of a number of Pentatricopeptide repeat -containing proteins in gene expression , as well as proteins involved in splicing in the chloroplast , discovering a number of CRM domain -containing proteins and coining the domain name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentatricopeptide repeat -containing proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 97]}, {"entity": "chloroplast", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "CRM domain -containing proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative table of countries with very high human development ( same or higher than 0.8 ) , according to UNDP ; OECD members ; advanced economies , according to the International Monetary Fund ; high income economies , according to the World Bank and income per capita ( purchasing power parity ) higher than $ 22,000 , according to the International Monetary Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNDP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "OECD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 194]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 248]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [339, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathogenic spirochetes , including B. burgdorferi and T. pallidum , use their proteolipid Bacterial adhesin s to stick to victim cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pathogenic spirochetes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "B. burgdorferi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "T. pallidum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Bacterial adhesin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alkaline earth metals are named after their oxide s , the alkaline earths , whose old-fashioned names were beryllia , Magnesium oxide , Calcium oxide , strontia , and baryta .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline earth metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "alkaline earths", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "beryllia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Magnesium oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "Calcium oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "strontia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "baryta", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Copenhagen interpretation is an expression of the meaning of quantum mechanics that was largely devised from 1925 to 1927 by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "quantum mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied physics at the University of Heidelberg , the University of Lausanne , and , ultimately , the Humboldt University of Berlin under Max Planck .", "entity": [{"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "University of Heidelberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "University of Lausanne", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [105, 134]}, {"entity": "Max Planck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He entered the accredited Illinois Central College , then transferred to the unaccredited Midwestern Baptist College in 1972 , attaining a Bachelor of Religious Education in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois Central College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "Midwestern Baptist College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [90, 116]}, {"entity": "Bachelor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "Religious Education", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [151, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chun-Tsung scholarships , supervised by the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia ( New York ) , are awarded to undergraduates , usually in their 2nd or 3rd year , at six universities , which are Shanghai Jiaotong University , Fudan University , Lanzhou University , Soochow University , Peking University and Taiwan National Tsing Hua University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chun-Tsung scholarships", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 99]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "Shanghai Jiaotong University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [214, 242]}, {"entity": "Fudan University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [245, 261]}, {"entity": "Lanzhou University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [264, 282]}, {"entity": "Soochow University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [285, 303]}, {"entity": "Peking University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [306, 323]}, {"entity": "Taiwan National Tsing Hua University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [328, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads to enhanced microbicidal capacity and secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines : e.g. IFN-γ , IL-1 , IL-6 , Interleukin 12 , Interleukin 23 and TNFα .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-γ", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "IL-1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "Interleukin 12", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Interleukin 23", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 164]}, {"entity": "TNFα", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed as assistant to the astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati in 1862 , professor at the technological institute of Bologna in 1864 , professor of physics at the University of Cagliari in 1873 , and , finally , successor to his father in 1881 in the chair of technological physics at the University of Pisa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Battista Donati", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 72]}, {"entity": "technological institute of Bologna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 134]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "University of Cagliari", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "technological physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [270, 291]}, {"entity": "University of Pisa", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [299, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Arts Centre Melbourne ( which includes the State Theatre , Hamer Hall , the Playhouse and the Fairfax Studio ) , and the Melbourne Recital Centre are located just to the south of the CBD , with the Sidney Myer Music Bowl in parklands to the east .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arts Centre Melbourne", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "State Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Hamer Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Playhouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "Fairfax Studio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Melbourne Recital Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 149]}, {"entity": "CBD", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "Sidney Myer Music Bowl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [202, 224]}, {"entity": "parklands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , he is the founding editor of Theoretical Population Biology ( 1971-2013 ) and an associate editor of Genetics , Human Genetics , Annals of Human Genetics , Annals of Human Biology , and Complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theoretical Population Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "Human Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "Annals of Human Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [143, 167]}, {"entity": "Annals of Human Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Complexity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marsden was discovered on 24 March 1971 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marsden", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [69, 97]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 121]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [192, 203]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 226]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [229, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeffrey S. Moore has published over 300 articles in journals such as Macromolecules , the Journal of Chemical Education , Advanced Materials and the Journal of Materials Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeffrey S. Moore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Macromolecules", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Journal of Chemical Education", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 119]}, {"entity": "Advanced Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "Journal of Materials Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , scientific results obtained using HAARP are routinely published in major research journals ( such as Geophysical Research Letters and Journal of Geophysical Research ) , written both by university scientists ( American and foreign ) and by U.S. Department of Defense research lab scientists .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAARP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Geophysical Research Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [115, 143]}, {"entity": "Journal of Geophysical Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 179]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 232]}, {"entity": "U.S. Department of Defense research lab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [254, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work has appeared in leading scientific journals such as Nature , Science , Nature Genetics , Molecular Biology and Evolution , Journal of Evolutionary Biology , as well as popular magazines such as Scientific American .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Nature Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [98, 129]}, {"entity": "Journal of Evolutionary Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [132, 163]}, {"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [203, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is home to the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ( ) and the Serres Campus of the International Hellenic University ( former Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia ) , composed of the Faculty of Engineering , the Faculty of Economics and Management , and the Department of Interior Architecture and Design .", "entity": [{"entity": "Department of Physical Education and Sport Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 74]}, {"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [82, 118]}, {"entity": "Serres Campus of the International Hellenic University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [131, 185]}, {"entity": "Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [195, 251]}, {"entity": "Faculty of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [272, 294]}, {"entity": "Faculty of Economics and Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [301, 336]}, {"entity": "Department of Interior Architecture and Design", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [347, 393]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bangladesh is a member of the UN , World Trade Organization , International Monetary Fund , the World Bank , Asian Development Bank , OIC , Islamic Development Bank , SAARC , BIMSTEC and the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 59]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 89]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "OIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Islamic Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "SAARC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "BIMSTEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flügge also extended Niels Bohr and John Archibald Wheeler theory of nuclear fission published in 1939 . Niels Bohr and J. A. Wheeler Mechanism of nuclear fission , Phys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "John Archibald Wheeler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "theory of nuclear fission", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "J. A. Wheeler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "nuclear fission", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "Phys", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work won him the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 1838 , and in 1843 he received its Royal Medal for a paper on the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Laws of Extinction of the Sun 's Rays passing through it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumford Medal of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 55]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Msub2 / sub muscarinic receptors decrease the heart rate by inhibiting depolarization of the sinoatrial node via Gi alpha subunit - G protein-coupled receptor and through modulation of muscarinic potassium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Msub2 / sub muscarinic receptors", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "depolarization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "sinoatrial node", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Gi alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 162]}, {"entity": "muscarinic potassium channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Employing a starting feedstock mixture of 1-Butene and 2-Butene , which is known as Raffinate-2 , produces phenol and a mixture of acetone and butanone instead of only phenol and acetone in the original .", "entity": [{"entity": "1-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "2-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Raffinate-2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "butanone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kostiuk and his students were first to measure calcium currents through neuron soma , discover ATP-receptors and Acid-sensing ion channel currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kostiuk", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "neuron soma", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "ATP-receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "Acid-sensing ion channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1944 , Folch was appointed director of the new Biological Research Laboratory at the McLean Hospital ( a division of Massachusetts General Hospital ) and assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School to develop a program in Neuroscience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Biological Research Laboratory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 80]}, {"entity": "McLean Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 150]}, {"entity": "biological chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [180, 200]}, {"entity": "Harvard Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [204, 226]}, {"entity": "Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [251, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Right Stuff won four Academy Awards : for Academy Award for Best Sound Editing ( Jay Boekelheide ) , for Academy Award for Best Film Editing , for Academy Award for Best Original Score and for Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing ( Mark Berger , Tom Scott , Randy Thom and David MacMillan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Right Stuff", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [46, 82]}, {"entity": "Jay Boekelheide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Film Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [109, 144]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 188]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [197, 232]}, {"entity": "Mark Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [235, 246]}, {"entity": "Tom Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 258]}, {"entity": "Randy Thom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 271]}, {"entity": "David MacMillan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [276, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered on 16 October 1977 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [42, 70]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Royal Society elected him a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1877 and bestowed their Rumford Medal ( 1894 ) , Davy ( 1909 ) , and Copley Medal ( 1916 ) medals upon him for his work , as well as inviting him to deliver their Bakerian Lecture in 1901 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [32, 59]}, {"entity": "Rumford Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Davy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "Bakerian Lecture", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [231, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Witten has been honored with numerous awards including a MacArthur Grant ( 1982 ) , the Fields Medal ( 1990 ) , the Nemmers Prize in Mathematics ( 2000 ) , the National Medal of Science , retrieved 2013-09-01 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Witten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "MacArthur Grant", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Fields Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Nemmers Prize in Mathematics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 144]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [160, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2060 Chiron is a small Solar System body in the outer Solar System , orbit ing the Sun between Saturn and Uranus .", "entity": [{"entity": "2060 Chiron", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "small Solar System body", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Hooke , Mikhail Lomonosov , Ole Borch , and Pierre Bayden all successfully created oxygen , but did not realize it at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Hooke", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Lomonosov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Ole Borch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Pierre Bayden", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1753 , he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , and on 15 December 1769 a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 82]}, {"entity": "Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A research into the mutual perturbations of Jupiter and Saturn secured for him the prize of the Berlin Academy in 1830 , and a memoir on cometary disturbances was crowned by the Paris Academy in 1850 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Berlin Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Paris Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lithophile elements include : Al , Boron , Barium , Beryllium , Bromine , Calcium , Chlorine , Cr , Caesium , Fluorine , Iodine , Hf , Potassium , Lithium , Magnesium , Sodium , Niobium , O , P , Rubidium , Sc , Si , Strontium , Ta , Th , Ti , U , V , Y , Zirconium , W and the lanthanides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Barium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Beryllium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Bromine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "Caesium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Iodine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Hf", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "Magnesium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "Niobium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [192, 193]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [196, 197]}, {"entity": "Rubidium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "Sc", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [216, 218]}, {"entity": "Strontium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [221, 230]}, {"entity": "Ta", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [233, 235]}, {"entity": "Th", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [238, 240]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [243, 245]}, {"entity": "U", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [248, 249]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [252, 253]}, {"entity": "Y", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [256, 257]}, {"entity": "Zirconium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [260, 269]}, {"entity": "W", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [272, 273]}, {"entity": "lanthanides", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [282, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences and Britain 's Royal Society , as well as to the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "US National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 58]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 138]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After receiving his D. Sc. in physics from Humboldt University of Berlin in Berlin , Germany in 1938 , Peterlin accepted in 1939 the chair as a professor of physics at the University of Ljubljana , where he remained for 22 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [43, 72]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Peterlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "University of Ljubljana", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [172, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone s , gene regulatory proteins , DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase s , and other substances essential for nuclear activities must be imported from the cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "cytoplasm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recurring characters of Adele Webber ( Loretta Devine ) , Finn Dandrige ( Chris O 'Donnell ) , Dr. Ellis Grey ( Kate Burton ) and Olivia Harper ( Sarah Utterback ) were portrayed with guest star billing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele Webber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Loretta Devine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Finn Dandrige", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Chris O 'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Dr. Ellis Grey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Kate Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Olivia Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Sarah Utterback", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( The previously discovered 45 Eugenia , 54 Alexandra , and 64 Angelina had nevertheless also been given non-classical names ; 64 Angelina had also been discovered by Tempel , but its name stood despite similar protests .", "entity": [{"entity": "45 Eugenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "54 Alexandra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "64 Angelina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "64 Angelina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Tempel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [167, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Against a Crooked Sky is a 1975 American Western film directed by Earl Bellamy and starring Richard Boone , Stewart Petersen , and Henry Wilcoxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crooked Sky", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Earl Bellamy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Richard Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Stewart Petersen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "Henry Wilcoxon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other alumni include scientists who were distinguished with the highest honours in their respective fields , amongst them Fields Medal , Pritzker Prize and Turing Award winners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fields Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Pritzker Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "Turing Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His research in cognitive psychology has won the Early Career Award ( 1984 ) and Boyd McCandless Award ( 1986 ) from the American Psychological Association , the Troland Research Award ( 1993 ) from the National Academy of Sciences , the Henry Dale Prize ( 2004 ) from the Royal Institution of Great Britain , and the George Miller Prize ( 2010 ) from the Cognitive Neuroscience Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive psychology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "Early Career Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Boyd McCandless Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "American Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 155]}, {"entity": "Troland Research Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [162, 184]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [203, 231]}, {"entity": "Henry Dale Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [238, 254]}, {"entity": "Royal Institution of Great Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [273, 307]}, {"entity": "George Miller Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [318, 337]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroscience Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [356, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her children were Jupiter , Neptune , Pluto , Juno , Ceres , and Vesta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The episode was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes and directed by co-executive producer Peter Horton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shonda Rhimes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Peter Horton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cohen received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Rita Levi-Montalcini in 1983 , the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for the isolation of nerve growth factor and the discovery of epidermal growth factor and the National Medal of Science in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cohen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Rita Levi-Montalcini", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [120, 157]}, {"entity": "nerve growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 206]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 251]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [260, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1836 and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London from 1837 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 56]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During its ten seasons , Smallville won awards ranging from Primetime Emmy Award to Teen Choice Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smallville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Teen Choice Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [84, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michalak 's estimate depends on the masses of 19 Fortuna , 29 Amphitrite , and 16 Psyche ; thus this mass was obtained assuming an incomplete dynamical model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michalak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "19 Fortuna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "29 Amphitrite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "16 Psyche", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such covalent substances are usually gases , for example , HCl , Sulfur dioxide , Carbon dioxide , and Methane .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Sulfur dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directors of the botanical garden from this period included Karl Julius Perleb , Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner , Alexander Braun , Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli , Heinrich Anton de Bary and Julius von Sachs .", "entity": [{"entity": "botanical garden", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Karl Julius Perleb", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 110]}, {"entity": "Alexander Braun", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [131, 154]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Anton de Bary", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [157, 179]}, {"entity": "Julius von Sachs", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most influential people were Erich Schumann , Abraham Esau , Walther Gerlach , and Kurt Diebner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erich Schumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Abraham Esau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Walther Gerlach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Kurt Diebner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paleontologists - Mary Anning - Robert T. Bakker - Barnum Brown - William Buckland - Edward Drinker Cope - Jack Horner - Gideon Mantell - Othniel Charles Marsh - John Ostrom - Dong Zhiming br /", "entity": [{"entity": "Paleontologists", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Mary Anning", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Robert T. Bakker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "Barnum Brown", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "William Buckland", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "Edward Drinker Cope", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "Jack Horner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "Gideon Mantell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Othniel Charles Marsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 159]}, {"entity": "John Ostrom", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "Dong Zhiming", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2008 , two new exoplanets of Jupiter size , CoRoT-4b and CoRoT-5b , as well as an unknown massive celestial object , CoRoT-3b , were announced by ESA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-4b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-5b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-3b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "ESA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center assert that Pierce created cosmotheism in order to acquire tax-exempt status for the National Alliance after he had failed to do so earlier , and the SPLC refers to it as a bogus religion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti-Defamation League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Southern Poverty Law Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "cosmotheism", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "National Alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 165]}, {"entity": "SPLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the episode , Sarah Jane Smith ( Elisabeth Sladen ) and Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , former travelling companions of the time-travelling Tenth Doctor ( David Tennant ) , prepare to counter the Dalek s ' universe-destroying Reality Bomb with devastating weapons of their own .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Jane Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Elisabeth Sladen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Martha Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Freema Agyeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "time-travelling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Tenth Doctor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "David Tennant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "Dalek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other studied asteroids included 15 Eunomia , 43 Ariadne , 44 Nysa , and 624 Hektor .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "43 Ariadne", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "44 Nysa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "624 Hektor", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 27 , Mercury and Venus were in conjunction , followed by a conjunction of Venus and Jupiter , meaning that the three planets were very close together in the evening sky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Audiences in Monte Carlo , Warsaw and Buenos Aires also heard Caruso sing during this pivotal phase of his career and , in 1899-1900 , he appeared before the tsar and the Russian aristocracy at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow as part of a touring company of first-class Italian singers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monte Carlo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Caruso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "Mariinsky Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 215]}, {"entity": "Bolshoi Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [244, 259]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [263, 269]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [314, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another small epoch seen as a golden age is the unification of electricity , magnetism , and optics because of 19th century notables , including Michael Faraday , James Clerk Maxwell , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "electricity", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "magnetism", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "optics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Michael Faraday", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This culminates in the translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish , leading to production of antimicrobial peptides and other effectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Relish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "antimicrobial peptides", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like anandamide , both compounds activated the Cannabinoid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "anandamide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "Cannabinoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first one , Annales de physique , was latterly published by EDP Sciences under the same name up to 2009 , when it became integrated in the European Physical Journal series as the European Physical Journal H .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annales de physique", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "EDP Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "European Physical Journal", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [143, 168]}, {"entity": "European Physical Journal H", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [183, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many scientists such as James Clerk Maxwell , Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz unsuccessfully attempted to solve these problems by incorporating either Fresnel or Stokes ' theories into Maxwell 's new electromagnetic laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Oliver Heaviside", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Fresnel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "Stokes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "Maxwell 's new electromagnetic laws", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [189, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furry made important contributions to the early development of Quantum Field Theory with J. Robert Oppenheimer , Vladimir Fock , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Furry", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Quantum Field Theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [63, 83]}, {"entity": "J. Robert Oppenheimer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Fock", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While Caruso sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan , the Royal Opera House , in London , the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg , and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires , he appeared most often at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where he was the leading tenor for 18 consecutive seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caruso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "La Scala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Royal Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Mariinsky Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "Teatro Colón", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "Metropolitan Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 223]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [227, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are : Birdlife International , the IUCN , the International Water Management Institute , Wetlands International and the World Wide Fund for Nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birdlife International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 34]}, {"entity": "IUCN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "International Water Management Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 92]}, {"entity": "Wetlands International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 117]}, {"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2016 he has been awarded the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience together with Gerd Binnig and Calvin Quate for the Scanning Force Microscope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kavli Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Nanoscience", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Gerd Binnig", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Calvin Quate", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Scanning Force Microscope", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nucleosome consists of 2 sets of 4 histones : H2A , H2B , Histone H3 , and Histone H4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "H2B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Histone H4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1978 , he was also heavily influenced by the visit of Simon van der Meer and Carlo Rubbia to the laboratory , speaking on the possibilities of stochastic phase space cooling of antiproton beams and the exciting possibilities with proton-antiproton collisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon van der Meer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Carlo Rubbia", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "stochastic phase space cooling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 176]}, {"entity": "antiproton", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "proton-antiproton collisions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [233, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Botryosphaeran reduces hepatic steatosis and dyslipidaemia , and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese rats through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) and the expression of the Forkhead transcription factor , FOXO3a , in adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botryosphaeran", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "hepatic steatosis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "dyslipidaemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "glucose intolerance", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "AMP-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [134, 162]}, {"entity": "AMPK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "Forkhead transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 227]}, {"entity": "FOXO3a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "adipose tissue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1990 Michael Winner film Bullseye ! , starring Michael Caine and Roger Moore , referenced the Fleischmann and Pons experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Winner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Bullseye !", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Michael Caine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Roger Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Fleischmann and Pons experiment", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also played at 1990 Asian Games , 1991 , 1993 and 1995 AFC Championship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Greek-influenced tradition , Neptune is the brother of Jupiter and Pluto ; the brothers preside over the realms of Heaven , the earthly world , and the Underworld .About the relationship of the lord of our earthly world with water ( s ) Bloch , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greek-influenced", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Bloch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [244, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First subgroup composed by JAM-A , JAM-B , JAM-C has a PDZ domain binding motif type II at their C-termini , which interacts with the PDZ domain of ZO-1 , AF-6 , PAR-3 and MUPP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAM-A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "JAM-B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "JAM-C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "C-termini", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "ZO-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 152]}, {"entity": "AF-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "PAR-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "MUPP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( See Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation ) Asymmetric hydrogenation of an alkene in the presence of ( ( S ) - BINAP ) Ru ( Acetate ) sub2 / sub is used for the commercial production of enantiomerically pure ( 97 % ee ) naproxen , used as an anti-inflammatory drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "hydrogenation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "alkene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [101, 102]}, {"entity": "BINAP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Ru", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "Acetate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "ee", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [216, 224]}, {"entity": "anti-inflammatory drug", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [238, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of May , Mercury , Venus and Jupiter went through a series of conjunctions only a few days apart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is some information about earthquakes in Aristotle ' s Meteorology , in Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder , and in Strabo ' s Geographica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Meteorology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Naturalis Historia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "Pliny the Elder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Strabo", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Geographica", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ernst Mayr remarks that the theory was hotly contested by some famous geneticists : William Bateson , Wilhelm Johannsen , Richard Goldschmidt and T.H. Morgan , all of a rather dogmatic turn of mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst Mayr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "William Bateson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Johannsen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "Richard Goldschmidt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "T.H. Morgan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He calculated the orbit s of the moons of Uranus and Saturn , obtaining the first value for Uranus ' mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some known inhibitors of the caveolae pathway are Filipin III , Genistein and Nystatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Filipin III", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Genistein", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Nystatin", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of the country 's largest universities are located in central Thessaloniki : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , the University of Macedonia and the International Hellenic University .", "entity": [{"entity": "central Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [83, 119]}, {"entity": "University of Macedonia", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [126, 149]}, {"entity": "International Hellenic University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [158, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walter Kohn , for his development of the density-functional theory , and John Pople , for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry , received the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Kohn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "density-functional theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "John Pople", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "quantum chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [134, 151]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [172, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Max Planck , Albert Einstein , and Niels Bohr postulated the occurrence of energy in discrete quantities ( quanta ) in order to explain phenomena such as the spectrum of black-body radiation , the photoelectric effect , and the stability and spectra of atoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Planck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "black-body radiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 190]}, {"entity": "photoelectric effect", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [197, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The introduction of the Others featured Tom , a.k.a. Mr. Friendly ( M. C. Gainey ) , and Ethan Rom ( William Mapother ) , all of whom have been shown in both flashbacks and the ongoing story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "M. C. Gainey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Ethan Rom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "William Mapother", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the Royal Society in London published the groundbreaking work of an Italian lensmaker in their journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , de Graaf wrote to the editor of the journal , Henry Oldenburg , with a ringing endorsement of van Leeuwenhoek 's microscopes which , he claimed , far surpass those which we have hitherto seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [108, 155]}, {"entity": "Henry Oldenburg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [204, 219]}, {"entity": "van Leeuwenhoek", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [252, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 and in the same year the first experiment to split the nucleus in a fully controlled manner was performed by students working under his direction , John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Chadwick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "John Cockcroft", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [222, 236]}, {"entity": "Ernest Walton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [241, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the xenon fluorides are well characterized , with the exception of dichloride Xenon dichloride and Xenon tetrachloride , the other halides are not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "xenon fluorides", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "dichloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Xenon dichloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Xenon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As examples , antibiotic drug s of the tetracycline and quinolone families are chelators of Fe sup2 + / sup , Calcium sup2 + / sup , and Magnesium sup2 + / sup ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Fe sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Calcium sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "Magnesium sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [137, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precursors of T cells originate in the bone marrow from which they migrate via bloodstream into thymic cortex , where they encounter stromal cell s including cTECs , which form the microenvironment crucial for proliferation and development of T cells by expression of DLL4 ( delta-like notch ligand 4 ) , cytokine s IL-7 , TGFβ or stem cell factor and chemokine s CCL25 , CXCL12 or CCRL1 etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Precursors", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "thymic cortex", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "stromal cell", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "cTECs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [243, 250]}, {"entity": "DLL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [268, 272]}, {"entity": "delta-like notch ligand 4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [275, 300]}, {"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [305, 313]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [316, 320]}, {"entity": "TGFβ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [323, 327]}, {"entity": "stem cell factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [331, 347]}, {"entity": "chemokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [352, 361]}, {"entity": "CCL25", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [364, 369]}, {"entity": "CXCL12", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [372, 378]}, {"entity": "CCRL1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [382, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donna J. Haraway ( born September 6 , 1944 ) is an American Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department and Feminist Studies Department at the University of California , Santa Cruz , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donna J. Haraway", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Professor Emerita", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "History of Consciousness Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 120]}, {"entity": "Feminist Studies Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 152]}, {"entity": "University of California", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 184]}, {"entity": "Santa Cruz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 197]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [200, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , names have been given to 134 additional satellites : 57 satellites of Jupiter , 43 of Saturn , 22 of Uranus , 12 of Neptune , 5 of Pluto , 1 of Eris , and 2 of Haumea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "Eris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "Haumea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His research group 's developments in the solar and plasmonics field have been featured in Scientific American and in research papers in Science , Nature Materials , Nature Photonics and Advanced Materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "solar and plasmonics field", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "Nature Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "Nature Photonics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [166, 182]}, {"entity": "Advanced Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [187, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The settlements included Grytviken , Leith Harbour , King Edward Point , Stromness , Husvik , Prince Olav Harbour , Ocean Harbour and Godthul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grytviken", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Leith Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "King Edward Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Stromness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Husvik", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Prince Olav Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "Ocean Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Godthul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars , the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally , the discovery of Titania and Oberon ( moons of Uranus ) and Enceladus and Mimas ( moons of Saturn ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "Martian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Titania", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Oberon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "Enceladus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "Mimas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [213, 218]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [230, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , in cells treated with Ezh1 / 2 inhibitors , greater numbers of promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) foci , which are involved with repression of gene expression , were seen , along with upregulation of interferon-alpha ( IFN-α ) and Interleukin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ezh1 / 2 inhibitors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "interferon-alpha", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 227]}, {"entity": "IFN-α", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 235]}, {"entity": "Interleukin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The visitor starts with the sun on the eastern summit of the Hill , and following the trail to the west from the Sun , in the direction of Mills Observatory , he or she will encounter another eight rocks representing the planets Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "Mills Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [229, 236]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [239, 244]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [255, 259]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [262, 269]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [272, 278]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [281, 287]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [292, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simpson 's other great passions were astronomy ( he was a member of the British Astronomical Association and - unusually for an amateur - was made a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society ) and pacifism , specifically addressed in the title of his Tenth String Quartet , For Peace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "British Astronomical Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 104]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [149, 189]}, {"entity": "pacifism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [196, 204]}, {"entity": "Tenth String Quartet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 270]}, {"entity": "For Peace", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [273, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palsson serves on the editorial board of several scientific journals including Annals of Biomedical Engineering , Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Metabolic Engineering and Molecular Systems Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palsson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Annals of Biomedical Engineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [79, 111]}, {"entity": "Biotechnology and Bioengineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [114, 146]}, {"entity": "Metabolic Engineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 170]}, {"entity": "Molecular Systems Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [175, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the sympatric species , they all contain Egg lysin that drives gamete isolation , but the allopatric species does not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egg lysin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "gamete isolation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As examples , for Greeks , Constantine XI Palaiologos and Kolokotronis ; and for Serbs , Miloš Obilić and Tzar Lazar ; for Montenegrins , Đurađ I Balšić and Ivan Crnojević ; for Albanians , George Kastrioti Skanderbeg ; for ethnic Macedonians , Nikola Karev for Bulgarians , Vasil Levski , Georgi Sava Rakovski and Hristo Botev and for Croats , Nikola Šubić Zrinjski .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greeks", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Constantine XI Palaiologos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 53]}, {"entity": "Kolokotronis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Serbs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Miloš Obilić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "Tzar Lazar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "Montenegrins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Đurađ I Balšić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Ivan Crnojević", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Albanians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "George Kastrioti Skanderbeg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 217]}, {"entity": "ethnic Macedonians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 242]}, {"entity": "Nikola Karev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 257]}, {"entity": "Bulgarians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [262, 272]}, {"entity": "Vasil Levski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [275, 287]}, {"entity": "Georgi Sava Rakovski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [290, 310]}, {"entity": "Hristo Botev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [315, 327]}, {"entity": "Croats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [336, 342]}, {"entity": "Nikola Šubić Zrinjski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [345, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today we know that AHR / CYP1-signaling is involved in an amazing array of genetic networks and subcellular processes critical to lifesub production ; crosstalk with hypoxia and Hypoxia-inducible factors ( HIF ) -signaling pathways ; transforming growth factor -signaling pathways , as well as growth suppression ; tumor initiation ; tumor promotion ; transgenerational inheritance and epigenetic effects ; chromatin remodeling ; histone modification ; and aging-related and degenerative disease s .", "entity": [{"entity": "AHR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "CYP1-signaling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "hypoxia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Hypoxia-inducible factors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [178, 203]}, {"entity": "HIF", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 209]}, {"entity": "transforming growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 260]}, {"entity": "growth suppression", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [294, 312]}, {"entity": "tumor initiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 331]}, {"entity": "tumor promotion", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [334, 349]}, {"entity": "transgenerational inheritance", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [352, 381]}, {"entity": "epigenetic effects", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [386, 404]}, {"entity": "chromatin remodeling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [407, 427]}, {"entity": "histone modification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [430, 450]}, {"entity": "aging-related and degenerative disease", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [457, 495]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of détournement has had a popular influence amongst contemporary radicals , and the technique can be seen in action in the present day when looking at the work of Culture Jammer s including the Cacophony Society , Billboard Liberation Front , monochrom , Occupy Movements and Adbusters , whose subvertisements detourn .", "entity": [{"entity": "détournement", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Culture Jammer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 189]}, {"entity": "Cacophony Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 223]}, {"entity": "Billboard Liberation Front", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [226, 252]}, {"entity": "monochrom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [255, 264]}, {"entity": "Occupy Movements", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [267, 283]}, {"entity": "Adbusters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [288, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She played a substantial role in the discovery of germ cell migratory pathways ( namely those involving gap junction s , G protein-coupled receptor like Tre-1 , and isoprenoids ) , particularly those concerning migration into the ovaries and testis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gap junction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 147]}, {"entity": "Tre-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "isoprenoids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "ovaries", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "testis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was developed as a treatment for hepatitis C , acting as a NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor , but while it showed a good safety profile in clinical trials , it was not sufficiently effective to be used as a stand-alone agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis C", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galaxies and protostar s usually show differential rotation ; examples in the Solar System include the Sun , Jupiter and Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galaxies", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "protostar", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alsufi was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alsufi", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 100]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Dutch-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 218]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [219, 238]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manchester hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games , which left it a legacy of sporting facilities including the City of Manchester Stadium , Manchester Aquatics Centre and the National Cycling Centre , headquarters of British Cycling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "City of Manchester Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 134]}, {"entity": "Manchester Aquatics Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 163]}, {"entity": "National Cycling Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 195]}, {"entity": "British Cycling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rings of Uranus are a system of ring s around the planet Uranus , intermediate in complexity between the more extensive set around Saturn and the simpler systems around Jupiter and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These orbital variations , which are influenced by gravity of the Moon , Sun , Jupiter , and Saturn , form the basis of the Milankovitch cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Milankovitch cycle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some exceptions are the Taraxacum officinale ( Taraxacum officinale ) , which since its introduction to the region has proliferated on beaches and shores and near newly opened roads on Baffin Island , Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) , shepherd 's purse ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ) and the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taraxacum officinale", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "Taraxacum officinale", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "Baffin Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 198]}, {"entity": "Barley", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "Hordeum vulgare", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [210, 225]}, {"entity": "shepherd 's purse", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 247]}, {"entity": "Capsella bursa-pastoris", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 273]}, {"entity": "opium poppy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [284, 295]}, {"entity": "Papaver somniferum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [298, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1348 , Giovanni Dondi built the first known clock driven mechanism which displays the ecliptical position of Moon , Sun , Mercury , Venus , Mars , Jupiter and Saturn according to the complicated Ptolemaic planetary theories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Dondi", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 168]}, {"entity": "Ptolemaic planetary theories", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [198, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3K27me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H3K27me3", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "epigenetic modification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "DNA packaging protein", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 , Tooze moved to London to set up a lab studying the biogenesis of Secretion at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund , later the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute ( and now part of the Francis Crick Institute ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tooze", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Imperial Cancer Research Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 121]}, {"entity": "Cancer Research UK London Research Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 178]}, {"entity": "Francis Crick Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also included perturbations due to the other planets ( principally Jupiter and Venus ) and also accounted for the more difficult problem of the non-spherical nature of the Earth and Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the biggest YEC organizations are Answers in Genesis , Institute for Creation Research , and Creation Ministries International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Answers in Genesis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "Institute for Creation Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 92]}, {"entity": "Creation Ministries International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription factors STAT protein , NF-κB , p73 , and p53 are among the many proteins that PIAS interacts with .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "p73", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "PIAS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The journal is published by Taylor and Francis on behalf of the American Association of Geographers , of which it is one of four official journals , the others being The Professional Geographer , AAG Review of Books , GeoHumanities , and African Geographical Review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor and Francis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "American Association of Geographers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 99]}, {"entity": "The Professional Geographer", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [166, 193]}, {"entity": "AAG Review of Books", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 215]}, {"entity": "GeoHumanities", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [218, 231]}, {"entity": "African Geographical Review", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [238, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scientists reported that genome editing by CRISPR induced DNA damage response and the cell cycle stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "genome editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "DNA damage response", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jared Diamond describes an Evil Quartet of habitat destruction , overkill , introduced species and secondary extinctions.small which has been adopted by major international conservation organizations such as the US Nature Conservancy , the World Wildlife Fund , Conservation International and BirdLife International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jared Diamond", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Evil Quartet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "habitat destruction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "US Nature Conservancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 233]}, {"entity": "World Wildlife Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 259]}, {"entity": "Conservation International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [262, 288]}, {"entity": "BirdLife International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [293, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical COC material will have a higher modulus than HDPE and Polypropylene , similar to Polyethylene terephthalate or PC .", "entity": [{"entity": "COC", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "HDPE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Polypropylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Polyethylene terephthalate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [89, 115]}, {"entity": "PC", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [119, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Red Mars won the BSFA Award in 1992 and Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Mars", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "BSFA Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award for Best Novel", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [40, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 The eight planets are : Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and F2RL3 are similarly hypomethylated in smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "F2RL3", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include the TRUE Blue Crew , Antipodean Resistance , the Australian Defence League , National Action ( Australia ) , the Q Society , Reclaim Australia and the Lads Society ( formerly United Patriots Front ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRUE Blue Crew", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Antipodean Resistance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Australian Defence League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 88]}, {"entity": "National Action", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "Q Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "Reclaim Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Lads Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "United Patriots Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named one of the most valued reviewers of 2010 by the Editors of Elsevier and Nuclear Physics Other journals for which Dr. Poenaru peer review ed articles include Physical Review Letters , Physical Review C , Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics and Canadian Journal of Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elsevier", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Poenaru", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Physical Review Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Physical Review C", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 213]}, {"entity": "Journal of Physics G", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [216, 236]}, {"entity": "Nuclear and Particle Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [239, 267]}, {"entity": "Canadian Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [272, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several TLR immunodeficiencies have been described in which cellular proteins that should transmit the message from the Toll-like receptor to the nucleus are abnormal .", "entity": [{"entity": "TLR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Toll-like receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "52872 Okyrhoe is a centaur orbiting in the outer Solar System between Jupiter and Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "52872 Okyrhoe", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "centaur", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "outer Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , LHsub2 / sub / LOx bipropellant produces higher Isubsp / sub but lower thrust than RP-1 / LOx due to the exhaust gases having a lower density and higher velocity ( Properties of water vs Carbon dioxide and Hsub2 / subO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LHsub2 / sub / LOx", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "Isubsp / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "RP-1 / LOx", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "water", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "Carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [201, 215]}, {"entity": "Hsub2 / subO", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [220, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term can also be used to describe the motion of a satellite across its parent planet , for instance one of the Galilean satellites ( Io , Europa , Ganymede , Callisto ) across Jupiter , as seen from Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galilean satellites", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "Io", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "Europa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Ganymede", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "Callisto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the Good Times ( Ray Price ) won Song of the Year in 1970 from the Academy of Country Music , while Sunday Morning Coming Down ( Johnny Cash ) won the same award from the Academy 's rival , the Country Music Association , in the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Good Times", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Ray Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "Song of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 95]}, {"entity": "Sunday Morning Coming Down", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "Johnny Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered during the Palomar-Leiden survey on 24 September 1960 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palomar-Leiden survey", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 139]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [197, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The British English spelling of this compound is hydrogen sulphide , but this spelling is not recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) or the Royal Society of Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "British English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "hydrogen sulphide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 162]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They include the N-terminal scaffold attachment factor -A / B , acinus and PIAS ( SAP ) domain , the Proline - Isoleucine - Asparagine -Ile- Threonine ( PINIT ) motif , the RING finger domain - Zinc finger -like zinc -binding domain ( RLD ) , the highly acidic domain ( AD ) , the SUMO-interacting motif ( SIM ) , and the serine / threonine -rich C-terminal region ( S / T ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-terminal scaffold attachment factor -A / B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 61]}, {"entity": "acinus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "PIAS ( SAP )", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Proline", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Isoleucine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Asparagine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "Threonine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "PINIT", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "RING finger domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 191]}, {"entity": "Zinc finger -like zinc -binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 232]}, {"entity": "RLD", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 238]}, {"entity": "SUMO-interacting motif", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [281, 303]}, {"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [306, 309]}, {"entity": "serine / threonine -rich C-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [322, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of 1,4-butanediol as an intelligent cosubstrate has also been validated in non-aqueous media using a commercial Alcohol dehydrogenase .Kara S , Spickermann D , Weckbecker A , Leggewie C , Arends IWCE , Hollmann F ( 2014 ) Bioreductions Catalyzed by an Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Non-aqueous Media .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,4-butanediol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "intelligent cosubstrate", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "non-aqueous media", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Alcohol dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [120, 141]}, {"entity": ".Kara S", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "Spickermann D", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "Weckbecker A", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "Leggewie C", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "Arends IWCE", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "Hollmann F", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "Bioreductions Catalyzed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 253]}, {"entity": "Alcohol Dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [260, 281]}, {"entity": "Non-aqueous Media", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [285, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also dealt with was Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) attempting to have Stevens rejoin the program , Mark Sloan ( Dane ) arriving from New York City in order to resume his romantic relationship with Montgomery , and Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) being evacuated from the hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miranda Bailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Chandra Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Mark Sloan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "Dane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Montgomery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "Callie Torres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 230]}, {"entity": "Sara Ramirez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of this second group are ZONAB , Ral-A , Raf-1 , Protein kinase C , symplekin , cingulin and some more .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZONAB", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Ral-A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Raf-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "symplekin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "cingulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amar Nath Bhaduri ( 1935-2003 ) was an Indian molecular enzymologist and chemical biologist , known for his studies on UDP-glucose 4-epimerase , a homodimeric epimerase found in cells and his work on Leishmania donovani , the protozoal pathogen for Kala-azar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amar Nath Bhaduri", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "molecular enzymologist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "chemical biologist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 91]}, {"entity": "UDP-glucose 4-epimerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [119, 142]}, {"entity": "homodimeric epimerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [147, 168]}, {"entity": "Leishmania donovani", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [200, 219]}, {"entity": "protozoal pathogen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [226, 244]}, {"entity": "Kala-azar", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [249, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sakharov was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by the Dutch astronomers Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sakharov", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 100]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "Dutch-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "U.S. Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [204, 228]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [232, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traditional emblem for the House of Lancaster is a red rose , the Red Rose of Lancaster , similar to that of the House of York , which is a white rose .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Lancaster", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Red Rose of Lancaster", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "House of York", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "; the most exclusive sports clubs : CCI , The Willingdon Sports Club as well as Bombay Gymkhana and the most expensive hospitals : Breach Candy Hospital , Bombay Hospital , Jaslok Hospital and Hurkisondas Hospital ; in the nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "The Willingdon Sports Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "Bombay Gymkhana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Breach Candy Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 152]}, {"entity": "Bombay Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 170]}, {"entity": "Jaslok Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "Hurkisondas Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [193, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NLR proteins are not linear : the NB-ARC domain is sandwiched in between the Leucine-rich repeat and Toll-Interleukin receptor / CC domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "NLR proteins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "NB-ARC domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Leucine-rich repeat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "Toll-Interleukin receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 130]}, {"entity": "CC domains", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In season three , two actors were promoted from recurring to starring roles : Henry Ian Cusick as former Scottish soldier Desmond Hume ; and Michael Emerson as the manipulative leader of the Others , Ben Linus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Ian Cusick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Desmond Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Michael Emerson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Ben Linus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From left to right , they are : Saturn with sickle and club for Saturday , Jupiter with thunderbolts for Thursday , Mars with sword and shield for Tuesday , Venus with Cupid for Friday and Mercury with staff and bag for Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saha also invented an instrument to measure the weight and pressure of solar rays and helped to build several scientific institutions , such as the Physics Department in University of Allahabad and the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics in Calcutta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Physics Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "University of Allahabad", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 235]}, {"entity": "Calcutta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [239, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin signaling activates the adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) -sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in the arcuate nucleus , decreases AgRP release , and through the vagus nerve , leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes : Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , Glucose 6-phosphatase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [32, 54]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "KATP", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "arcuate nucleus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "AgRP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [227, 232]}, {"entity": "gluconeogenic enzymes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 268]}, {"entity": "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [271, 304]}, {"entity": "Glucose 6-phosphatase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [307, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conclusion of the scientists was that further effort was needed in to improve the precision and efficiency of CRISPR gene editing .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRISPR gene editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [114, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second step react Phosphoribosylamine , glycine and ATP to create Glycineamide ribonucleotide , ADP , and pyrophosphate - catalyzed by phosphoribosylamine - glycine ligase ( GAR synthetase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoribosylamine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Glycineamide ribonucleotide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "phosphoribosylamine - glycine ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [142, 178]}, {"entity": "GAR synthetase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [181, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schweickart is a fellow of the American Astronautical Society and the International Academy of Astronautics , and an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schweickart", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fellow of the American Astronautical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 61]}, {"entity": "International Academy of Astronautics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 107]}, {"entity": "fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [127, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scientists used tripronuclear ( 3PN ) zygotes , zygotes fertilized by two sperm and therefore non-viable , to investigate CRISPR -mediated gene editing in human cells , something that had never been attempted before .", "entity": [{"entity": "tripronuclear ( 3PN ) zygotes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 49]}, {"entity": "CRISPR -mediated gene editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now being unemployed , Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) tries to move on after the death of her fiancé , Denny Duquette ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Izzie Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Katherine Heigl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Denny Duquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "Jeffrey Dean Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon he established closer contact to Wilhelm Wien , Arnold Sommerfeld , Johannes Stark , and Albert Einstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Wien", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Arnold Sommerfeld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Johannes Stark", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [94, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied astronomy and physics at the University of Dorpat , and furthered his education of physics in Paris in the laboratories of Antoine César Becquerel ( 1788-1878 ) and Henri Victor Regnault ( 1810-1878 ) , and afterwards at Berlin in the laboratories of Heinrich Gustav Magnus ( 1802-1870 ) , Johann Christian Poggendorff ( 1796-1877 ) and Heinrich Wilhelm Dove ( 1803-1879 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "University of Dorpat", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Antoine César Becquerel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 157]}, {"entity": "Henri Victor Regnault", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [176, 197]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Gustav Magnus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [262, 284]}, {"entity": "Johann Christian Poggendorff", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [301, 329]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Wilhelm Dove", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [348, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Declaring an arsenal of 39,967 tons of chemical weapons in 1997 , by far the largest arsenal , consisting of blister agents : Lewisite , Sulfur mustard , Lewisite-mustard mix , and nerve agents : Sarin , Soman , and VX .", "entity": [{"entity": "blister agents", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "Lewisite", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Sulfur mustard", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "Lewisite-mustard mix", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [154, 174]}, {"entity": "nerve agents", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "Sarin", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [196, 201]}, {"entity": "Soman", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "VX", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [216, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dyson presented his observations of the solar eclipse of May 29 , 1919 to a joint meeting of the Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society on 6 November 1919 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dyson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "solar eclipse of May 29 , 1919", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of the asteroid 3 Juno by Karl Ludwig Harding and 4 Vesta by Olbers , buttressed his hypothesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Karl Ludwig Harding", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Olbers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During their maturation in the thymus , they undergo a process called V ( D ) J recombination which conducts the development of T-cell receptor ( TCR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "V ( D ) J recombination", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chalcophile elements include : Silver , Arsenic , Bi , Cadmium , Cu , Gallium , Ge , Hg , Indium , Pb , Sulfur , Sb , Selenium , Sn , Tellurium , Thallium and Zn . Allaby , M. ( 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Bi", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Gallium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Ge", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "Indium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Sulfur", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "Tellurium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Thallium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [163, 165]}, {"entity": "Allaby , M.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LINE1 transposable elements have been identified as targets for ionizing radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LINE1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "ionizing radiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staudinger , who initially wanted to become a botanist , studied chemistry at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Staudinger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [82, 126]}, {"entity": "Technische Universität Darmstadt", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [136, 168]}, {"entity": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [180, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese Physics Letters is a part of a small group of four journals from the Chinese Physical Society , the other three are : Communications in Theoretical Physics ( in English , subtitled Chinese Physics A ) , Chinese Physics B ( in English ) , and Chinese Physics C ( in English ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese Physics Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 101]}, {"entity": "Communications in Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 163]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 206]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [211, 228]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics C", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [250, 267]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [273, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mount Tuve in Ellsworth Land in Antarctica was named in honor of Merle Anthony Tuve .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Tuve", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Ellsworth Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Antarctica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Merle Anthony Tuve", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supercritical fluids occur in the atmospheres of the gas giant s Jupiter and Saturn , and probably in those of the ice giant s Uranus and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confirmed transiting hot Jupiters that have orbital periods of less than one day include WASP-18b , WASP-19b , WASP-43b , and WASP-103b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiters", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "WASP-18b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "WASP-19b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "WASP-43b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "WASP-103b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fraser has been an editor for journals mBio , Journal of Bacteriology , Microbial Genomics ( journal ) , Molecular Case Studies , and DNA and Cell Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "mBio", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Journal of Bacteriology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [46, 69]}, {"entity": "Microbial Genomics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "Molecular Case Studies", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [105, 127]}, {"entity": "DNA and Cell Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aluminium hydroxide , ferrous hydroxide , Hydroxide ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Aluminium hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "ferrous hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gamma pseudogene contains an inverted long interspersed nuclear element .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma pseudogene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "long interspersed nuclear element", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juno was originally considered a planet , along with 1 Ceres , 2 Pallas , and 4 Vesta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "1 Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Henry Taube , Ph.D , M.Sc , B.Sc. , Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ( November 30 , 1915 & amp ; ndash ; November 16 , 2005 ) was a Canadian -born American chemist noted for having been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions , especially in metal complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Taube", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [36, 73]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [209, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recognition of the vast amount of scientific information amassed by both rovers , two asteroid s have been named in their honor : 37452 Spirit and 39382 Opportunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "37452 Spirit", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "39382 Opportunity", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been published in a range of Academic journal s , such as the Cambridge Journal of Economics , the Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics and the Oxford Review of Economic Policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge Journal of Economics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [106, 149]}, {"entity": "Oxford Review of Economic Policy", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [158, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under typical dark sky conditions Uranus ( magnitude + 5.8 ) can be seen as well with averted vision , as can the asteroid 4 Vesta at its brighter oppositions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This methylation causes other factors like Histone deacetylase ( HDACs ) to bind to the chromosome and propagate heterochromatin formation , even into active gene regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Histone deacetylase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "HDACs", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "heterochromatin formation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2nd group of anions consist of Chloride , Bromide , Iodide , Nitrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Iodide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Nitrate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1987 , he discovered the DNA sequence of CRISPR ,", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It works as a transmitter from and to the tight junction , because of its association with signaling molecules ( Phosphoinositide 3-kinase , Protein kinase C , YES , Protein phosphatase 2 , 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [113, 138]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "YES", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "Protein phosphatase 2 , 1", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [166, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other enzymes such as ( Transglutaminase ) control chromatin remodeling through proteins such as sirtuin1 ( SIRT1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transglutaminase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "sirtuin1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "SIRT1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , various histone modifications are placed by epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methyltransferase in neurons and these marks regulate gene expression throughout the life span of the neuron .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigenetic modifiers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "DNA methyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 104]}, {"entity": "gene expression", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "neuron", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juno can reach + 7.5 at a favourable opposition , which is brighter than Neptune or Titan , and is the reason for it being discovered before the larger asteroids 10 Hygiea , 52 Europa , 511 Davida , and 704 Interamnia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "52 Europa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "511 Davida", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "704 Interamnia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also played at 1986 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 AFC Championship , 1990 , Football at the 1994 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "Football", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological effects of estrogens ( and xenoestrogens ) are mediated through the Estrogen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "xenoestrogens", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pauli spent a year at the University of Göttingen as the assistant to Max Born , and the following year at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in University of Copenhagen , which later became the Niels Bohr Institute in 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauli", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "Max Born", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Institute for Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 144]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [148, 172]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres also became the first actress to win an award for voice acting , and the third person to do so after Robin Williams and Scott Weinger in 1992 , both for Aladdin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ellen DeGeneres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Scott Weinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Aladdin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assisted by activists from Southern Christian Leadership Conference , Congress of Racial Equality , SNCC , and the NAACP , African Americans and supporters took a stand to fight segregation through nonviolence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Christian Leadership Conference", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 67]}, {"entity": "Congress of Racial Equality", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 97]}, {"entity": "SNCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DSBs can be artificially induced using genome editing technologies such as CRISPR or TALEN .", "entity": [{"entity": "DSBs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "TALEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in 1882 , data for Mercury , Uranus , and Neptune was added to the first part , with eclipses , occultations , and other phenomena forming a separate third part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1966 Maiman received the American Physical Society ' s Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize and the Hertz Foundation Award for distinguished contribution in the field of science ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Maiman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "American Physical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 53]}, {"entity": "Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [58, 98]}, {"entity": "Hertz Foundation Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1968 and 1970 , Roger Penrose , Stephen Hawking , and George F. R. Ellis published papers where they showed that mathematical singularities were an inevitable initial condition of relativistic models of the Big Bang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Penrose", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Stephen Hawking", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "George F. R. Ellis", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Big Bang", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a Doctorate , honoris causa , from the University of Paris and honorary memberships in the Royal Society , Royal Society of Edinburgh , the Indian Academy of Sciences , the International Academy of Philosophy and Sciences , and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doctorate", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "honoris causa", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Edinburgh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "Indian Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [152, 178]}, {"entity": "International Academy of Philosophy and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 233]}, {"entity": "Pontifical Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are two voltage-gated calcium channels within cardiac muscle : L-type calcium channel s ( ' L ' for Long-lasting ) and T-type calcium channel s ( ' T ' for Transient , i.e. short ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "voltage-gated calcium channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "L-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "T-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1855 , he received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society for his ' very remarkable experimental researches ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In chemistry , Erwin Schrödinger , Linus Pauling , Robert S. Mulliken and others noted that the consequence of Heisenberg 's relation was that the electron , as a wave packet , could not be considered to have an exact location in its orbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Erwin Schrödinger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Linus Pauling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Robert S. Mulliken", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "Heisenberg 's relation", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [111, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 years at King 's College London ( contemporary with Rosalind Franklin ) she moved to the University of Sheffield in 1955 as a demonstrator in the Biochemistry department ( now Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ) , obtaining an MRC grant to study the iron storage protein Ferritin , publishing preliminary X-ray diffraction data in the 1st volume of the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "King 's College London", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [17, 39]}, {"entity": "Rosalind Franklin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "University of Sheffield", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [97, 120]}, {"entity": "Biochemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [154, 166]}, {"entity": "Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [184, 201]}, {"entity": "Biotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [206, 219]}, {"entity": "MRC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 240]}, {"entity": "Ferritin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [281, 289]}, {"entity": "X-ray", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 320]}, {"entity": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [363, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several academic bodies exist to support behavior genetic research , including the Behavior Genetics Association , the International Society for Twin Studies , and the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "behavior genetic", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Behavior Genetics Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 112]}, {"entity": "International Society for Twin Studies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 157]}, {"entity": "International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "García studied law , first at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru -although the official records of his tenure in this university were never found- and later earning a law degree from the National University of San Marcos in 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "García", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Pontifical Catholic University of Peru", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [34, 72]}, {"entity": "National University of San Marcos", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [195, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The claims were initially submitted to the International Journal of Astrobiology , which rejected the paper , but were eventually published by the fringe Journal of Cosmology .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Journal of Astrobiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [43, 80]}, {"entity": "Journal of Cosmology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [154, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another absolute instrumental approach was also possible with the development of light scattering theory by Einstein , Raman , Peter Debye , Bruno H. Zimm , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "light scattering theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "Raman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Peter Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Bruno H. Zimm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She discovered mutations in the genes encoding the Retinoic acid receptor , the active derivative of vitamin A , in liver cancer and some types of leukemia and dissected the molecular mechanisms underlying their role in oncogenesis and treatment sensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Retinoic acid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "oncogenesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was shown by Artur Avila and Svetlana Jitomirskaya solving the by-then famous ten martini problem with respect to the parameters ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Artur Avila", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Jitomirskaya", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "ten martini problem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uranus and 4 Vesta had most probably been seen but could not be recognized as planets because they appear so faint even at maximum brightness ; Uranus ' magnitude varies from + 5.3supm / sup to + 5.9supm / sup , and Vesta 's from + 5.2supm / sup to + 8.5supm / sup ( so that it is only visible near its opposition dates ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While he was there , he was among a group of physicists including Bruno Zumino , Harry Lehmann , Wolfhart Zimmermann , Kurt Symanzik , Gerhard Lüders , Reinhard Oehme , Vladimir Glaser , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Zumino", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Harry Lehmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Wolfhart Zimmermann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Kurt Symanzik", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Lüders", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Reinhard Oehme", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Glaser", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [169, 184]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [191, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served on the editorial boards of several scientific journals , including NeuroImage , European Journal of Neuroscience , European Journal of Physiology , NeuroReport , Physiological Reviews , Journal of Motor Behavior , Perception , Cognition , Behavioural Brain Research , and Experimental Brain Research .", "entity": [{"entity": "NeuroImage", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 122]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Physiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [125, 155]}, {"entity": "NeuroReport", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "Physiological Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [172, 193]}, {"entity": "Journal of Motor Behavior", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 221]}, {"entity": "Perception", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [224, 234]}, {"entity": "Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [237, 246]}, {"entity": "Behavioural Brain Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [249, 275]}, {"entity": "Experimental Brain Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [282, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amdahl was named an IBM Fellow in 1965 , became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1967 and was recognized as the Centennial Alumnus of South Dakota State University in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amdahl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "IBM Fellow", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 95]}, {"entity": "South Dakota State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [152, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , Histone Deacetylase A6 and A19 activity contributes to silencing of Cytochrome P450 707A and activation of NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 4 , 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone Deacetylase A6", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "A19", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "Cytochrome P450 707A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [122, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mikhail Lomonosov ( 1711-1765 ) had previously expressed similar ideas in 1748 and proved them in experiments ; others whose ideas pre-date the work of Lavoisier include Jean Rey ( 1583-1645 ) , Joseph Black ( 1728-1799 ) , and Henry Cavendish ( 1731-1810 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Lomonosov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Lavoisier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Jean Rey", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Joseph Black", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "Henry Cavendish", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [228, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetogenetic techniques involve first fusing TRPV class receptors , which are selective calcium transporters , with a paramagnetic protein ( typically Ferritin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Magnetogenetic techniques", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "TRPV class receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "calcium transporters", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "paramagnetic protein", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 140]}, {"entity": "Ferritin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The boy was sent to school at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand , part of the University of Paris , and it was decided that he would carry on the family martial tradition. The comte , the boy 's great-grandfather , enrolled the boy in a program to train future Musketeers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lycée Louis-le-Grand", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mars has four known co-orbital asteroids ( 5261 Eureka , , all at the Lagrangian point s ) , and Jupiter has many ( an estimated one million greater than 1 km in diameter , the Jovian trojans ) ; there are also other small co-orbital moons in the Saturnian system : Telesto and Calypso with Tethys , and Helene and Polydeuces with Dione .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "5261 Eureka", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Lagrangian point", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Jovian trojans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "Saturnian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 256]}, {"entity": "Telesto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [266, 273]}, {"entity": "Calypso", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [278, 285]}, {"entity": "Tethys", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [291, 297]}, {"entity": "Helene", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [304, 310]}, {"entity": "Polydeuces", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [315, 325]}, {"entity": "Dione", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [331, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key step in nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine ( NH2OH ) catalyzed by the enzyme Ammonia monooxygenase ( AMO ) .Arciero , D. ; Vannelli , T. ; Logan , M. ; Hopper , A. B.Degradation of trichloroethylene by the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea Biochem .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "oxidation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "NH2OH", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "Ammonia monooxygenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "AMO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": ".Arciero , D.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Vannelli , T.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Logan , M.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "Hopper , A.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "trichloroethylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [211, 228]}, {"entity": "ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [236, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transform provides an alternative approach to analytic wave front set s of distributions , developed independently by the Japanese mathematicians Mikio Sato , Masaki Kashiwara and Takahiro Kawai in their approach to microlocal analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "wave front set", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Mikio Sato", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "Masaki Kashiwara", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "Takahiro Kawai", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 198]}, {"entity": "microlocal analysis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This minor planet was named by Tadeusz Banachiewicz after Jan Śniadecki ( 1756-1830 ) , a Polish professor of mathematics and astronomy , who founded the Kraków Observatory ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Tadeusz Banachiewicz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "Jan Śniadecki", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "Kraków Observatory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1827 and was awarded their Royal Medal the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 44]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fischer then attended the University of Bonn in 1871 , but switched to the University of Strasbourg in 1872 with his study of phthaleins , and was appointed to a position at the university .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "University of Bonn", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "University of Strasbourg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [75, 99]}, {"entity": "phthaleins", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydroxyl radical can damage virtually all types of macromolecules : carbohydrates , nucleic acids ( mutation s ) , lipids ( lipid peroxidation ) , and amino acids ( e.g. conversion of Phenylalanine to m - Tyrosine and o - Tyrosine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl radical", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "nucleic acids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "lipids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "lipid peroxidation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "Phenylalanine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "m - Tyrosine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [205, 217]}, {"entity": "o - Tyrosine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [222, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable companions from the earlier series included Romana ( Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward ) , a Time Lady ; Sarah Jane Smith ( Elisabeth Sladen ) ; and Jo Grant ( Katy Manning ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Mary Tamm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Lalla Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Time Lady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Sarah Jane Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "Elisabeth Sladen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 139]}, {"entity": "Jo Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "Katy Manning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre-implantation in the uterine wall , rate of loss is undetectable as the Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is not secreted until implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "uterine wall", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conclusion of the study would suggest that p53 inhibition might increase efficiency of human germline editing and that p53 function would need to be watched when developing CRISPR based therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "human germline editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human and mouse genomes each contain about 30 ( evolutionarily highly conserved ) bHLH / PAS protein-coding genes ; this gene subfamily is a subset within the 110 members of the human Basic helix-loop-helix gene superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "bHLH / PAS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Basic helix-loop-helix", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also noticed the similarity between this test theory and Lorentz ether theory of Hendrik Lorentz , Joseph Larmor and Henri Poincaré .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorentz ether theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Joseph Larmor", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Henri Poincaré", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was founded by William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders in 1919 and celebrates its centenary year in 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Bateson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "Edith Rebecca Saunders", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They include the first Albert Einstein Award ( 1951 ) , the U.S. National Medal of Science ( 1964 ) , honorary D.Sc. degrees from Purdue University ( 1961 ) and Harvard University ( 1962 ) , and the Nature of Light Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences ( 1949 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "U.S. National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 90]}, {"entity": "Purdue University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [130, 147]}, {"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [161, 179]}, {"entity": "Nature of Light Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [199, 220]}, {"entity": "U.S. National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Szilard initially attended Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Budapest , but his engineering studies were interrupted by service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He left Hungary for Germany in 1919 , enrolling at Technical University of Berlin , but became bored with engineering and transferred to Humboldt University of Berlin , where he studied physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Szilard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Budapest University of Technology and Economics", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [27, 74]}, {"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Austro-Hungarian Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 173]}, {"entity": "World War I.", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "Technical University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [245, 275]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [331, 360]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [380, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable proponents of this approach include Arjun Appadurai , James Clifford , George E. Marcus , Sidney Mintz , Michael Taussig , Eric Wolf and Ronald Daus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arjun Appadurai", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "James Clifford", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "George E. Marcus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Sidney Mintz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "Michael Taussig", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Eric Wolf", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Ronald Daus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , it received nominations for Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television ( Black ) , Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television ( Anthony Simcoe as the Luxan warrior Ka D 'Argo ) , and Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television ( Gigi Edgley as the Nebari rogue Chiana ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [38, 81]}, {"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [94, 146]}, {"entity": "Anthony Simcoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "Ka D 'Argo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 195]}, {"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [204, 258]}, {"entity": "Gigi Edgley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 272]}, {"entity": "Chiana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [293, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to University of Göttingen in 1913 , to ETH Zurich in 1920 , to University of Leipzig in 1927 , and in 1934 to Humboldt University of Berlin , where , succeeding Einstein , he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics ( now named the Max-Planck-Institut ) whose facilities were built only during Debye 's era .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [3, 26]}, {"entity": "ETH Zurich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "University of Leipzig", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [111, 140]}, {"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 235]}, {"entity": "Max-Planck-Institut", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [252, 271]}, {"entity": "Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [314, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is an active voice in numerous committees of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) , and the National Science Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 81]}, {"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 139]}, {"entity": "AAAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "National Science Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East Malaysia currently has two public universities , namely Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ( UNIMAS ) and Universiti Malaysia Sabah ( UMS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Universiti Malaysia Sarawak", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [61, 88]}, {"entity": "UNIMAS", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Universiti Malaysia Sabah", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [104, 129]}, {"entity": "UMS", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became an expert on the electrical conductivity of gases , the properties of ion s , and the behavior of atmospheric electricity , publishing in journals including the Physical Review , Journal of Applied Physics , Journal of Chemical Physics , and the Journal of Atmospheric Electricity and Terrestrial Magnetism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Physical Review", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [171, 186]}, {"entity": "Journal of Applied Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 215]}, {"entity": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [218, 245]}, {"entity": "Journal of Atmospheric Electricity and Terrestrial Magnetism", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [256, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction of PAMPs with PRPs ( pattern-recognition proteins ) activates a series of Serine protease and those proteolytically cleave the prophenoloxidase ( proPO ) zymogen and activate phenoxidase ( PO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAMPs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "PRPs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "pattern-recognition proteins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "Serine protease", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "prophenoloxidase", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "proPO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "zymogen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "phenoxidase", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "PO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His lab identified a set of transcription factor s that enabled activation of miR-430 and a large fraction of the genome after fertilization : maternal Nanog , Oct4 and SOX gene family .Nanog , Pou5f1 and SoxB1 activate zygotic gene expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "miR-430", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "fertilization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Nanog", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "Oct4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "SOX gene family .Nanog", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 191]}, {"entity": "Pou5f1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 200]}, {"entity": "SoxB1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "zygotic gene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 232]}, {"entity": "maternal-to-zygotic transition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [255, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purification of penicillin was achieved by Ernst Chain , Norman Heatley and Edward Abraham , with Chain and Abraham eventually developing a theoretical model for its chemical structure , which was later confirmed by Dorothy Hodgkin using X-ray crystallography .", "entity": [{"entity": "purification of penicillin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Ernst Chain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Norman Heatley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Edward Abraham", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Chain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "Abraham", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Dorothy Hodgkin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [220, 235]}, {"entity": "X-ray crystallography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taurasi also received many personal accolades at UConn including the 2003 and 2004 Naismith College Player of the Year awards , the 2003 Wade Trophy , the 2003 and 2004 Honda Sports Award and the 2003 Associated Press Player of the Year award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taurasi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "UConn", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Naismith College Player of the Year awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 125]}, {"entity": "Wade Trophy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Honda Sports Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [169, 187]}, {"entity": "Associated Press Player of the Year award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [201, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 15 June 1826 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society , and in 1830 was one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society ( RGS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [31, 58]}, {"entity": "Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "RGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire set is processed through cycles of : ( a ) hybridization at 60 ° C ; ( b ) elongation via Taq polymerase and a standard ligase ; and ( c ) denaturation at 95 ° C , forming progressively longer contiguous strands and ultimately resulting in the final genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "hybridization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Taq polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "denaturation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "genome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [261, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes Pluto , which is constrained in its orbit by the gravity of Neptune and shares its orbital neighbourhood with many Kuiper belt objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Kuiper belt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of the predicted return based on the calculation by Encke was rewarded by the Royal Astronomical Society in London by presenting their Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society to him in 1824 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Encke", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [150, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That work has led to identification and molecular cloning of the IκB kinase ( IKK ) complex , which has turned out to be one of the major activators of the inflammatory response and innate immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "IκB kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "IKK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "inflammatory response", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 177]}, {"entity": "innate immunity", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purity standards for reagents are set by organizations such as ASTM International or the American Chemical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASTM International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was later awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society for this work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [25, 69]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early pioneers also include Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko , Teuvo Kohonen , Stephen Grossberg , Kunihiko Fukushima , Christoph von der Malsburg , David Willshaw , Shun-Ichi Amari , Bernard Widrow , John Hopfield , Eduardo R. Caianiello , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [28, 57]}, {"entity": "Teuvo Kohonen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Stephen Grossberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Kunihiko Fukushima", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [96, 114]}, {"entity": "Christoph von der Malsburg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 143]}, {"entity": "David Willshaw", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Shun-Ichi Amari", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "Bernard Widrow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [181, 195]}, {"entity": "John Hopfield", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "Eduardo R. Caianiello", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [214, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The others : William Henry Bragg ( 1915 ) and William Lawrence Bragg ( 1915 ) ; J. J. Thomson ( 1906 ) and George Paget Thomson ( 1937 ) ; and Manne Siegbahn ( 1924 ) and Kai M. Siegbahn ( 1981 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Henry Bragg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "William Lawrence Bragg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "J. J. Thomson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "George Paget Thomson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [107, 127]}, {"entity": "Manne Siegbahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 157]}, {"entity": "Kai M. Siegbahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [171, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Broadway , the song was originally performed by Chita Rivera , with Candy Brown , Cheryl Clark , Graciela Daniele , Michon Peacock and Pamela Sousa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Chita Rivera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Candy Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Cheryl Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Graciela Daniele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Michon Peacock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Pamela Sousa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sydney Goldstein , who also wrote the Royal Society memoir for Kármán , reviewed the autobiography Sydney Goldstein ( 1968 ) Journal of Fluid Mechanics 33 ( 2 ) and remembered an eminent engineer and scientist , warm-hearted and witty , much traveled , well-known by many , devoted to international collaboration , who , in his own words , as a scientist found the military ' the most comfortable group to deal with ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Kármán", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "Sydney Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [125, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigenetic modifications to the genome , including Histone , DNA methylation , and the modulation of RNAi , are major epigenetic events used to modulate gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epigenetic modifications", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Histone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "RNAi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the honors he 's received are the Federation Aeronautique Internationale ' s De la Vaulx Medal in 1970 for his Apollo 9 flight , both of NASA 's Distinguished Service and Exceptional Service medals , and , unusual for an astronaut , an Emmy Award from the U.S. National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for transmitting the first live TV pictures from space .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federation Aeronautique Internationale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 78]}, {"entity": "De la Vaulx Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Apollo 9 flight", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "NASA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "Distinguished Service", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 172]}, {"entity": "Exceptional Service medals", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [177, 203]}, {"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [242, 252]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [262, 266]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [267, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel in uranium , and subsequently observed by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in thorium and in the new elements polonium and radium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri Becquerel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Marie Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Pierre Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "thorium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "polonium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "radium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigations conducted at the site by William Duncan Strong , Waldo Rudolph Wedel , and A. T. Hill were instrumental in the development of Great Plains archaeology , and of Pawnee archaeology in particular .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Duncan Strong", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 61]}, {"entity": "Waldo Rudolph Wedel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "A. T. Hill", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Great Plains archaeology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 165]}, {"entity": "Pawnee archaeology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , when math E / math belongs to the spectrum , the inequality becomes an equality ( the Aubry-André formula ) , proved by Jean Bourgain and Svetlana Jitomirskaya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aubry-André formula", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "Jean Bourgain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Jitomirskaya", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [148, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are four community colleges in the valley ; Los Angeles Valley College in Valley Glen , Los Angeles Mission College in Sylmar , Los Angeles Pierce College in Woodland Hills and Glendale Community College in the College Hills neighborhood of Glendale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Valley College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 76]}, {"entity": "Valley Glen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Mission College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [94, 121]}, {"entity": "Sylmar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Pierce College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [134, 160]}, {"entity": "Woodland Hills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 178]}, {"entity": "Glendale Community College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [183, 209]}, {"entity": "College Hills neighborhood of Glendale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [217, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected President of the International Council for Science in 2008 , to start his term in 2011 .. International Council for Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Council for Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 65]}, {"entity": "International Council for Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To occur , this lobopodia-based fibroblast migration needs Nesprin , Integrin , RhoA , ROCK and myosin II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nesprin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Integrin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "RhoA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "ROCK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "myosin II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Martin Karplus , Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Karplus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Michael Levitt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Arieh Warshel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group included the physicists Walther Bothe , Robert Döpel , Hans Geiger , Wolfgang Gentner , Wilhelm Hanle , Gerhard Hoffmann , and Joos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Gentner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Hanle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "Joos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 , he obtained a Doctor of Science degree in Physics and Mathematics from Moscow State University and moved to Tokyo ( Japan ) in 1993 to teach astronomy in Hitotsubashi University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doctor of Science", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Moscow State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "Hitotsubashi University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [164, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his discovery of the neutron , Chadwick was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society in 1932 , the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 , the Copley Medal in 1950 and the Franklin Medal in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chadwick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Hughes Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [108, 130]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Franklin Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [174, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilson won gold medals in the 800 metres at both the 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics and the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 96]}, {"entity": "2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 12 , 2005 , he was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by The Recording Academy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [39, 72]}, {"entity": "The Recording Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicago 's cultural heavyweights , such as the Art Institute of Chicago , the Goodman Theatre , the Chicago Theatre , the Lyric Opera at the Civic Opera House building , and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , are also in this area , as is the historic Palmer House Hilton hotel , found on East Monroe Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Art Institute of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 71]}, {"entity": "Goodman Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Chicago Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Lyric Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Civic Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Chicago Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 204]}, {"entity": "Palmer House Hilton hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [250, 275]}, {"entity": "East Monroe Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [287, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 23 January 1960 , the Swiss-designed Trieste , originally built in Italy and acquired by the U.S. Navy , , supported by the USS Wandank ( ATF 204 ) and escorted by the USS Lewis ( DE 535 ) , descended to the ocean floor in the trench manned by Jacques Piccard ( who co-designed the submersible along with his father , Auguste Piccard ) and USN Lieutenant Don Walsh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trieste", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "U.S. Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "USS Wandank", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "ATF 204", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "USS Lewis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 180]}, {"entity": "Jacques Piccard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [247, 262]}, {"entity": "Auguste Piccard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [321, 336]}, {"entity": "Don Walsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [358, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also received honorary doctorates from the universities of Newcastle , Surrey , Tel Aviv University , McGill , Simon Fraser University and the University of Tromsø .", "entity": [{"entity": "universities of Newcastle", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Tel Aviv University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "McGill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Simon Fraser University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "University of Tromsø", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [150, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some fifty papers published in books and journals such as Nature , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , Journal of Theoretical Biology , Journal of Zoology London , Journal of Animal Ecology , Animal Behaviour , and Proceedings of the Royal Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [67, 114]}, {"entity": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [117, 147]}, {"entity": "Journal of Zoology London", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [150, 175]}, {"entity": "Journal of Animal Ecology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [178, 203]}, {"entity": "Animal Behaviour", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [206, 222]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [229, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A conjunction of Venus and Jupiter occurred on 1 December 2008 , and several hours later both planets separately reached conjunction with the crescent Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated cocaine administration in mice induces post-translational modifications including hyperacetylation of Histone H3 or Histone H4 at 1,696 genes in one brain reward region the nucleus accumbens and deacetylation at 206 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "post-translational modifications", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 80]}, {"entity": "hyperacetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Histone H4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "nucleus accumbens", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 199]}, {"entity": "deacetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [204, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others , such as Julian Steward and Leslie White , focused on how societies evolve and fit their ecological niche - an approach popularized by Marvin Harris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julian Steward", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Leslie White", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Marvin Harris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "San Juan de Dios Hospital , Philippine Children 's Medical Center , San Lazaro Hospital , Ospital ng Muntinlupa , Lung Center of the Philippines , the National Kidney and Transplant Institute , Manila Adventist Medical Center and Las Piñas Hospital also made steps to ban the toxic chemical .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Juan de Dios Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Philippine Children 's Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 65]}, {"entity": "San Lazaro Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "Ospital ng Muntinlupa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "Lung Center of the Philippines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 144]}, {"entity": "National Kidney and Transplant Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 191]}, {"entity": "Manila Adventist Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [194, 225]}, {"entity": "Las Piñas Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [230, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar example is given by the Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) , which , when acclimated to temperatures of 26 ° C , produced a significantly higher amount of taurine , Glutamic acid , Gamma-Aminobutyric acid and glycine compared to acclimation to 12 ° C. This may mean that the aforementioned compounds aid in antioxidant defense , osmoregulatory processes , or energetic purposes at these temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese sole", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Solea senegalensis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "taurine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Glutamic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [195, 218]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "antioxidant defense", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [321, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richard Laurence Millington Synge Fellow of the Royal Society FRSE FRIC FRSC MRIA ( Liverpool , 28 October 1914 - Norwich , 18 August 1994 ) was a British biochemist , and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Laurence Millington Synge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "FRSE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "FRIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "FRSC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "MRIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Norwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [188, 212]}, {"entity": "partition chromatography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 258]}, {"entity": "Archer Martin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [264, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 2015 , the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ) recognized the element 's discovery and assigned the priority of the discovery to the Dubna-Livermore collaboration ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 127]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 135]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 189]}, {"entity": "IUPAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "Dubna-Livermore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [286, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then studied meteorology and geography in Humboldt University of Berlin , where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold .", "entity": [{"entity": "meteorology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "geography", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [45, 74]}, {"entity": "Ferdinand von Richthofen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 129]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm von Bezold", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minimum distances from the Earth , Venus , and Jupiter , are 0.5 , 0.8 , and 3.5 AU , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her published work includes biographies of Marie Curie , Alexander Graham Bell , Niels Bohr , Isaac Newton , Albert Einstein , Linus Pauling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marie Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Alexander Graham Bell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Isaac Newton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "Linus Pauling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friedmann Peak , in the Darwin Mountains of Antarctica , where she co-discovered endolith ic microorganisms in the Beacon sandstone , is named after her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedmann Peak", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Darwin Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Antarctica", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Beacon sandstone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zone s of their related star s : two of the three , Kepler-438b and Kepler-442b , are near-Earth-size and likely rocky ; the third , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "exoplanets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "habitable zone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Kepler-438b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "Kepler-442b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "Kepler-440b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [210, 221]}, {"entity": "super-Earth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [229, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of the century , the Boone and Crockett Club and the Safari Club International developed complex scoring systems based on various dimensions and the number of tines or points , and they keep extensive records of high-scoring antlers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boone and Crockett Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 58]}, {"entity": "Safari Club International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1958 , George Beadle and Edward Tatum received the Nobel Prize for work in fungi showing that one gene produces one enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Beadle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Edward Tatum", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "one gene produces one enzyme", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [97, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidants are usually chemical substances with elements in high oxidation states , or else highly electronegative elements ( Osub2 / sub , Fluorine , Chlorine , Bromine ) that can gain extra electrons by oxidizing another substance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxidants", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Osub2 / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "Chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Bromine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there , Bugs meets Marvin the Martian who is trying to blow up Earth with the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator ( in reality a stick of dynamite ; this is the same device he tried to use in his debut short Haredevil Hare , though that Space Modulator was Uranium rather than Illudium ) because it obstructs his view of Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin the Martian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 123]}, {"entity": "Haredevil Hare", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [218, 232]}, {"entity": "Space Modulator", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 262]}, {"entity": "Uranium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [267, 274]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [331, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their engagement with specific ideas relating to feminism , technoscience , political consciousness , and other social issues , formed the images and narrative of Haraway 's book Modest _ Witness for which she received the Society for Social Studies of Science ' s ( 4S ) Ludwik Fleck Prize in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "feminism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "technoscience", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "political consciousness", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 99]}, {"entity": "Haraway", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "Modest _ Witness", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 195]}, {"entity": "Society for Social Studies of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [223, 260]}, {"entity": "4S", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [267, 269]}, {"entity": "Ludwik Fleck Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [272, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next year , in 1995 , a film adaptation of the book , Apollo 13 , was released , directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks as Lovell , Bill Paxton as Haise , Kevin Bacon as Swigert , Gary Sinise as Mattingly , Ed Harris as Kranz , and Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apollo 13", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Ron Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Tom Hanks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Lovell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "Bill Paxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "Haise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "Kevin Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": "Swigert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "Gary Sinise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "Mattingly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 215]}, {"entity": "Ed Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 227]}, {"entity": "Kranz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [231, 236]}, {"entity": "Kathleen Quinlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 259]}, {"entity": "Marilyn Lovell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [263, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only when a virulence factor is sensed , the Adenosine diphosphate is exchanged for Adenosine triphosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "virulence factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "Adenosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [45, 66]}, {"entity": "Adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [84, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The awards that Mayr received include the National Medal of Science , the Balzan Prize , the Sarton Medal of the History of Science Society , the International Prize for Biology , the Loye and Alden Miller Research Award , and the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mayr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [42, 67]}, {"entity": "Balzan Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "Sarton Medal of the History of Science Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [93, 139]}, {"entity": "International Prize for Biology", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [146, 177]}, {"entity": "Loye and Alden Miller Research Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [184, 220]}, {"entity": "Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [231, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1893 he received the Royal Society ' s Copley Medal , then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world , for his researches and discoveries in physical science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "physical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Santos 's scientific work has appeared in journals such as Psychological Science , Animal Cognition , Developmental Science , Current Biology , Animal Behavior , and Cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Psychological Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "Animal Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Developmental Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "Current Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "Animal Behavior , and Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [144, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant increase in Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor expression could lead to a decrease in the body 's ability to break down carcinogens , increasing the risk of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 61]}, {"entity": "carcinogens", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father encouraged him to apply to United States Military Academy , but he decided to enroll in the United States Naval Academy instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Military Academy", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [38, 68]}, {"entity": "United States Naval Academy", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [103, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would be achieved using biotechnology methods to confer to them the capacity to alter nucleotides in the chromosomes of infected individuals through sequence-specific editing systems like CRISPR , ZFN or TALEN .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "chromosomes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 199]}, {"entity": "ZFN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [202, 205]}, {"entity": "TALEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toutatis is also a Mars-crosser asteroid with a chaotic orbit produced by a 3 : 1 resonance with the planet Jupiter , a 1 : 4 resonance with the planet Earth , and frequent close approaches to the terrestrial planet s , including Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toutatis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Mars-crosser asteroid", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "terrestrial planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 215]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [230, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered on 22 February 1938 , by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland , and later named for Johannes Gabriel Granö , rector of the University of Turku .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finnish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Yrjö Väisälä", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Turku Observatory", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Southwest Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "Johannes Gabriel Granö", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "University of Turku", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [178, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her research group demonstrated that one such small protein , AcrZ , binds to the multidrug efflux pump protein Acriflavine resistance protein family to affect its ability to export certain classes of antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "AcrZ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "Acriflavine resistance protein family", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 149]}, {"entity": "antibiotics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starling 's successor , Archibald Hill , fostered the career of Bernard Katz , whose long association with UCL began in 1935 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Starling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Archibald Hill", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Bernard Katz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "UCL", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered on 19 September 1973 , by Dutch astronomers Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 90]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [95, 114]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 197]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though Mendeleev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe , including ( in 1882 ) the Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London ( which later also awarded him the Copley Medal in 1905 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Mendeleev", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [108, 151]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [187, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ras stimulates Mitogen-activated protein kinase to phosphorylate ERK 1 / 2 which induce outgrowth of neurite s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Mitogen-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [15, 47]}, {"entity": "phosphorylate ERK 1 / 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of his preliminary investigations were published in the journal Physikalische Zeitschrift in 1916 ( a full paper was later published in Zeitschrift für Physik in 1922 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Physikalische Zeitschrift", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [76, 101]}, {"entity": "Zeitschrift für Physik", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hund worked at the Universities of University of Rostock , Leipzig , University of Jena , Frankfurt am Main , and University of Göttingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hund", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "University of Rostock", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Leipzig", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "University of Jena", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "Frankfurt am Main", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [114, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded the William Bowie Medal by the American Geophysical Union , the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the National Academy of Sciences , the Medal of the Royal Geographical Society , the Vega Medal by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography and the Sweden Order of the Polar Star .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Bowie Medal by the American Geophysical Union", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 72]}, {"entity": "Alexander Agassiz Medal of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 138]}, {"entity": "Medal of the Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 184]}, {"entity": "Vega Medal by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [191, 255]}, {"entity": "Sweden Order of the Polar Star", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [264, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , calcium antagonist s , which are used to treat coronary heart disease , hypertension , and cardiac arrhythmia , act by inhibiting L-type calcium channel or T-type calcium channel calcium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium antagonist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "coronary heart disease", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "cardiac arrhythmia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 123]}, {"entity": "L-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [144, 166]}, {"entity": "T-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 192]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The report on the B 8 experiment was written by Fritz Bopp , Erich Fischer , Werner Heisenberg , and Karl Wirtz from the KWIP and Walther Bothe , Peter Jensen , and Oskar Ritter from the KWImF.Hentschel and Hentschel , 1996 , 377 and 377n73 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Bopp", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Erich Fischer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 94]}, {"entity": "Karl Wirtz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "KWIP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Peter Jensen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "Oskar Ritter", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "KWImF.Hentschel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "Hentschel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1960s , Ehlers collaborated with Felix Pirani and Alfred Schild on a constructive-axiomatic approach to general relativity : a way of deriving the theory from a minimal set of elementary objects and a set of axioms specifying these objects ' properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehlers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Felix Pirani", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Alfred Schild", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "general relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of function MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6 or PMS2 genes cause defective DNA mismatch repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLH1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "MSH2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "MSH6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "PMS2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "DNA mismatch repair", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , the chairman and ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services called for an alternative plan where Futenma aircraft would move to Kadena Air Base while the current aircraft at Kadena would move to Andersen Air Force Base .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Senate Committee on Armed Services", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 97]}, {"entity": "Futenma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "Kadena Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 181]}, {"entity": "Kadena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [212, 218]}, {"entity": "Andersen Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other members of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in both 1956 and 1957 were : Werner Heisenberg ( chairman ) , Hans Kopfermann ( vice-chairman ) , Fritz Bopp , Walther Bothe , Otto Haxel , Willibald Jentschke , Heinz Maier-Leibnitz , Josef Mattauch , Wolfgang Riezler , Wilhelm Walcher , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclear Physics Working Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 50]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 97]}, {"entity": "Hans Kopfermann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Fritz Bopp", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "Otto Haxel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "Willibald Jentschke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 210]}, {"entity": "Heinz Maier-Leibnitz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [213, 233]}, {"entity": "Josef Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [236, 250]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Riezler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [253, 269]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Walcher", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [294, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he worked with scientists including Luis Walter Alvarez , John von Neumann and George Kistiakowsky on the development of the high explosives and exploding-bridgewire detonator s required by atomic bomb s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Walter Alvarez", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "John von Neumann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "George Kistiakowsky", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "atomic bomb", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has collaborated with , among others , Luciano Pietronero , Benoit Mandelbrot , Betz Halloran , Ira Longini , and David Lazer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luciano Pietronero", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "Benoit Mandelbrot", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "Betz Halloran", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Ira Longini", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "David Lazer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several DNA markers , belonging to the nuclear , mitochondrial , and chloroplast genomes ( RuBisCO , COI , ITS + 5.8S , SSU , 18S ... ) , have been designed and successfully used for diatoms identification with NGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "RuBisCO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "COI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "ITS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "5.8S", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "SSU", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "18S", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "NGS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 was divided , one half jointly to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) and the other half to Jens C. Skou for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme , Na + , K + -ATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "Paul D. Boyer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "John E. Walker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [178, 200]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "Jens C. Skou", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [231, 243]}, {"entity": "ion-transporting enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [274, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2013 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the organization because it had , with the Chemical Weapons Convention , defined the use of chemical weapons as a taboo under international law according to Thorbjørn Jagland , Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "2013 Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Chemical Weapons Convention", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 112]}, {"entity": "Thorbjørn Jagland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 216]}, {"entity": "Norwegian Nobel Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [235, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , ecoimmunology has been the theme of three special issues in peer-reviewed journals , in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , in Functional Ecology , and in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ( see External links ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [104, 153]}, {"entity": "Functional Ecology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 177]}, {"entity": "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [187, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some notable examples include Journal of Computational Biology and PLOS Computational Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [30, 62]}, {"entity": "PLOS Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [67, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nectin s are a distinct family of cell adhesion molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nectin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "cell adhesion molecules", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a journal reviewer for Cell , Science , Nature , Nature Genetics , Nature Immunology , Nature Biotechnology , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Public Library of Science , Development , Genes Development , Journal of Clinical Investigation and Blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Nature Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Nature Immunology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "Nature Biotechnology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [94, 114]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [117, 164]}, {"entity": "Public Library of Science , Development", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [167, 206]}, {"entity": "Genes Development", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [209, 226]}, {"entity": "Journal of Clinical Investigation", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [229, 262]}, {"entity": "Blood", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [267, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following their charting of the JNK signaling pathway , Karin and coworkers have begun to study the role of protein phosphorylation in control of NF-κB activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "JNK signaling pathway", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Karin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "protein phosphorylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 131]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two American explorers claimed to reach the North Pole ; Frederick Cook in 1908 and Robert Peary in 1909 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "North Pole", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Frederick Cook", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Robert Peary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of Pluto -as-planet proponents , in particular Alan Stern , head of NASA 's New Horizons mission to Pluto , have circulated a petition among astronomers to alter the definition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Alan Stern", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "NASA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "New Horizons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1972 , LaHaye helped establish the Institute for Creation Research at San Diego Christian College in El Cajon , California , along with Henry M. Morris .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaHaye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Institute for Creation Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 69]}, {"entity": "San Diego Christian College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "El Cajon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Henry M. Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derek Abbott , Paul C.W. Davies , and Arun K. Pati , Quantum Aspects of Life , Imperial College Press , 2008 , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derek Abbott", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Paul C.W. Davies", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Arun K. Pati", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Quantum Aspects of Life", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "Imperial College Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hearthstone tournament at the 2018 Asian Games was an eSports demonstration event that was contested on 31 August 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hearthstone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "2018 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1897 he got his Habilitation at the University of Göttingen in theoretical physics and in 1902 became extraordinary professor for theoretical physics at the University of Greifswald .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "University of Greifswald", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mary Baker Eddy made the Boston Mother Church of Christian Science the world headquarters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Baker Eddy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Boston Mother Church of Christian Science", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first molecular condensates were created in November 2003 by the groups of Rudolf Grimm at the University of Innsbruck , Deborah S. Jin at the University of Colorado at Boulder and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudolf Grimm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "University of Innsbruck", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "Deborah S. Jin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "University of Colorado at Boulder", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [147, 180]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Ketterle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [206, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cAMP also , activates a protein called protein kinase A ( Protein kinase A ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase A", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Chemical Society and SPIE and serves on the advisory board for ACS Nano , Advanced Functional Materials , Advanced Energy Materials , Chemical Communications , Chemistry of Materials , Materials Today , Nanoscale , and NPG Asia Materials and the board of directors for the Materials Research Society and the Polymers Materials Science and Engineering division of the American Chemical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [9, 74]}, {"entity": "American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 102]}, {"entity": "SPIE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "ACS Nano", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Advanced Functional Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [160, 189]}, {"entity": "Advanced Energy Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [192, 217]}, {"entity": "Chemical Communications", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [220, 243]}, {"entity": "Chemistry of Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [246, 268]}, {"entity": "Materials Today", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [271, 286]}, {"entity": "Nanoscale", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [289, 298]}, {"entity": "NPG Asia Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [305, 323]}, {"entity": "Materials Research Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [359, 385]}, {"entity": "Polymers Materials Science and Engineering division of the American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [394, 478]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the mid 19th century , Edward Frankland , August Kekulé , A.S. Couper , Alexander Butlerov , and Hermann Kolbe , building on the theory of radicals , developed the theory of valency , originally called combining power , in which compounds were joined owing to an attraction of positive and negative poles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Frankland", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "August Kekulé", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "A.S. Couper", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Alexander Butlerov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "Hermann Kolbe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "theory of radicals", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "theory of valency", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [167, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This interaction stabilizes both TOC1 and PRR5 and prevents their degradation by the F-box protein ZEITLUPE ( ZTL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TOC1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "PRR5", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "F-box protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "ZEITLUPE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "ZTL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strong lensing was predicted by Albert Einstein ' s general theory of relativity and observationally discovered by Dennis Walsh , Bob Carswell , and Ray Weymann in 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "general theory of relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [56, 84]}, {"entity": "Dennis Walsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Bob Carswell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Ray Weymann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AAA publishes more than 20 section publications including American Anthropologist , American Ethnologist , Cultural Anthropology , Anthropology & amp ; Education Quarterly and Medical Anthropology Quarterly .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "American Anthropologist", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "American Ethnologist", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "Cultural Anthropology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "Anthropology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "Education Quarterly", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [156, 175]}, {"entity": "Medical Anthropology Quarterly", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [180, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the five Nobel Prize s established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901 ; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry , Nobel Prize in Literature , Nobel Peace Prize , and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Alfred Nobel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [130, 154]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [157, 182]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [209, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bateman served as Executive Editor of the journal Bioinformatics from 2004 to 2012 and has also served as Editor of Nucleic Acids Research , Genome Biology and Current Protocols in Bioinformatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bateman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Bioinformatics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Nucleic Acids Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [116, 138]}, {"entity": "Genome Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "Current Protocols in Bioinformatics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [160, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book on the 1902-1903 expedition contains chapters on magnetic storms on the Earth and their relationship to the Sun , the origin of the Sun itself , Halley 's comet , and the rings of Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "Halley 's comet", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphoinositide signaling is also altered , with elevated levels of phospholipase C , protein kinase C , and Gq alpha subunit being reported in bipolar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoinositide signaling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "phospholipase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "Gq alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The journal has been cited most often by the following journals Journal of Clinical Pathology , Histopathology , Archives of Pathology ; Laboratory Medicine , Human Pathology , and the World Journal of Gastroenterology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Clinical Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [64, 93]}, {"entity": "Histopathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Archives of Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 134]}, {"entity": "Laboratory Medicine", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [137, 156]}, {"entity": "Human Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 174]}, {"entity": "World Journal of Gastroenterology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [185, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré , in 1905 , Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity , which replaced classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics compatible with classical electromagnetism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Henri Poincaré", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "special relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [140, 158]}, {"entity": "classical kinematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [176, 196]}, {"entity": "kinematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [218, 228]}, {"entity": "classical electromagnetism", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [245, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1917 , he worked a few years with Niels Bohr in the University of Copenhagen and received his doctoral degree at the University College of Stockholm ( now Stockholm University ) in 1921 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [57, 81]}, {"entity": "University College of Stockholm", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [122, 153]}, {"entity": "Stockholm University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's score was composed by Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harald Kloser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Thomas Wander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II supernovae mainly synthesize oxygen and the alpha-elements ( Ne , Mg , Si , S , Ar , Ca and Ti ) while Type Ia supernova e mainly produce elements of the iron peak ( Ti , V , Cr , Manganese , Fe , Cobalt and Nickel ) but also alpha-elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Type II supernovae", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Ne", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [84, 85]}, {"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "Type Ia supernova", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "iron peak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [179, 180]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [200, 202]}, {"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "Nickel", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [216, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , some of the top awards for geophysicists are the Vetlesen Prize ( intended to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for geology or geophysics ) ; the William Bowie Medal ( the top award of the American Geophysical Union ) ; and the Crafoord Prize for geosciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vetlesen Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "geology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "geophysics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "William Bowie Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [163, 182]}, {"entity": "American Geophysical Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 232]}, {"entity": "Crafoord Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [245, 259]}, {"entity": "geosciences", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [264, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An E3 uibiquitin ligase complex composed of Cullin ( CUL3 ) , speckle-type POZ protein ( SPOP ) , and RING-box protein 1 ( RBX1 ) has been shown to mark the Bmi-1 with ubiquitin ( a process known as ubiquitin ation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "E3 uibiquitin ligase complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [3, 31]}, {"entity": "Cullin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "CUL3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "speckle-type POZ protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "SPOP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "RING-box protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "RBX1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "Bmi-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin ation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [199, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then stated that , based on his data on various comet s , the size of the Solar system can be 100 AU or even more , and that it could be other planet s there that perturb the orbit of Uranus ( although the position of the eventual Neptune was not calculated until much later by Urbain Le Verrier ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solar system", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [187, 193]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Urbain Le Verrier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [281, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At Institute G were Heinz Barwich , Werner Hartmann , and Justus Mühlenpfordt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Institute G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Heinz Barwich", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Werner Hartmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Justus Mühlenpfordt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a member of the Experimental Aircraft Association , the Space Pioneers , the Confederate Air Force , the Order of Daedalians , the National Rifle Association of America , the Veterans of Foreign Wars , and the Fraternal Order of Eagles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Experimental Aircraft Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 56]}, {"entity": "Space Pioneers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Confederate Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 105]}, {"entity": "Order of Daedalians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "National Rifle Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Veterans of Foreign Wars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 206]}, {"entity": "Fraternal Order of Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [217, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall Bamberga is the tenth-brightest main-belt asteroid after , in order , 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , Ceres , 7 Iris , 6 Hebe , 3 Juno , 18 Melpomene , 15 Eunomia and 8 Flora .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bamberga", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "6 Hebe", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "18 Melpomene", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "8 Flora", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The staff also produce articles on human and animal genetics topics such as gene splicing , CRISPR , government regulation , bioethics , use of stem cells , transhumanism , nanotechnology and synthetic biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "genetics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "gene splicing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "government regulation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "bioethics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "stem cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "transhumanism", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "nanotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "synthetic biology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [192, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has won awards from the American Psychological Association , the National Academy of Sciences , the Royal Institution , the Cognitive Neuroscience Society and the American Humanist Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 96]}, {"entity": "Royal Institution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroscience Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 157]}, {"entity": "American Humanist Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current research in the Liang Tong 's lab focuses on enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism , including Acetyl-CoA carboxylase , carnitine acyltransferase , AMP-activated protein kinase , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liang Tong", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Acetyl-CoA carboxylase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [107, 129]}, {"entity": "carnitine acyltransferase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "AMP-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [160, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main stadium of the city is the Kaftanzoglio Stadium ( also home ground of Iraklis FC ) , while other main stadiums of the city include the football Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium and Toumba Stadium home grounds of Aris F.C. and PAOK F.C. , respectively , all of whom are founding members of the Greek league .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaftanzoglio Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "Iraklis FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 180]}, {"entity": "Toumba Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "Aris F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [216, 225]}, {"entity": "PAOK F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [230, 239]}, {"entity": "Greek league", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [297, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mattauch and Fritz Strassmann actively supported the proposed appointment of Lise Meitner as head of the physics department of the University of Mainz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Fritz Strassmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "Lise Meitner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "physics department of the University of Mainz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
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@@ -0,0 +1,2064 @@
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the main outcome of the reported experience is the proposed redesign approach for part consolidation using metal AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "part consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed approach is general , well structured , and detailed enough to be immedialtely applicable at industrial level , but it needs further testing on different case studies to prove the benefits .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "case studies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An interesting framework to part consolidation and functional integration exploiting AM technologies is presented and validated in .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "part consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a further development of their approach , the authors have recently addressed the relevant problem of detecting the possible candidates for part consolidation , as reported in .", "entity": [{"entity": "part consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 161]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentially , when dealing with part consolidation , the designer may consider the need of part decomposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "part consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "decomposition", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The need to increase the number of parts in a product fabricated by AM may be due to many reasons : printability , productivity , functionality , artistry , and interchangeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "printability", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "productivity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Printability is actually the main reason being related to the limited working envelope of AM machines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Printability", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "AM machines", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the part decomposition problem in AM is addressed , but it is the first and unique example of research on this topic .", "entity": [{"entity": "decomposition", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 Conclusion and future challenges DfAM is about design for the whole AM product life cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "life cycle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper has presented a framework of tools and methods for DfAM and has shown the strong interaction between these life cycle stages and AM product design .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "life cycle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state of the art was presented on many of these design tools and their applicability was illustrated using many of the latest examples from research and industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "art", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9.1 AM suitability exploration A growing number of companies are exploring the commercial use of AM within their supply chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "companies", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "supply chain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For that , better methods and tools are needed to help the designer obtain an overview that identifies the match between functional and economical demands of the intended product and all stages of AM in product development .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [197, 199]}, {"entity": "product development", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods for early cost estimation are lacking , while current figures for production cost per cm3 are not based on established calculation methods and lack experimental and industrial verification .", "entity": [{"entity": "cost estimation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "production cost", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late life cycle stages of postprocessing , inspection and certification have a significant impact on production cost and general applicability of AM , but these stages are underrepresented in current DfAM approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "life cycle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "postprocessing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "inspection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "production cost", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [146, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , more education on Additive Manufacturing is needed , as the majority of product designers and engineers are still trained to think subtractive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "subtractive", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9.2 Product design for AM goals Topology optimization enables strategies that go beyond lightweight design to include minimizing support usage and thermal deformation , optimizing local heat input , and with that the local material properties , porosity and strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "Product design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "Topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "go", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "thermal deformation", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [147, 166]}, {"entity": "local heat input", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [180, 196]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [223, 242]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [245, 253]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [258, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TO methods need further enhancement to tackle optimization as a 3D problem while taking all later product development stages into account .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "product development", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generative design strategies have the benefit that they generate many possible design solutions , but as is the case with TO , few production and inspection constraints are currently integrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "inspection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattice structures show explicit benefits , especially in application fields involving energy absorption and heat conduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "energy absorption", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "heat conduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are however computationally intensive , which limits the optimization possibilities for large lattices to a limited set of parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When looking at the part interior , specially designed porosity is seen as a promising new feature for internal transport of gasses and fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "feature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "transport", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "fluids", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the optimal process settings as well as models for their application need further research to be applicable in everyday product design .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimal process", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "product design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To fully exploit the benefits of functional material complexity , further research must be conducted on rules and CAD representations of FGM related design intent .", "entity": [{"entity": "functional material complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 63]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "FGM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the development of design tools and methods is still a matter of basic research and far from industrial application .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The future of additive manufacturing is also looking towards 4D applications where those challenges will be even more relevant .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "4D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the final optimization of geometry so that it combines AM benefits with efficient production and inspection , a lot of research has been conducted .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "inspection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At an individual process level design knowledge is available and constantly being extended or refined .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research is needed to enable improved integration in upstream product design steps like TO and generative design .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "product design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [103, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrating processing and manufacturing with design in AM is feasible since the full digital chain is there .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "digital chain", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In current AM practice only a few zones in a product are defined where process settings can be defined , for example for the top and bottom facing surfaces and the bulk of the product in L-PBF .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "process settings", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "facing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "L-PBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [187, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If machine learning and closed loop control can be used to define the optimal settings for each deposition area , the need for support structures as well as the effects of thermal stresses and deformations are expected to reduce/diminish .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "closed loop control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "support structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [127, 145]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 148]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "thermal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "deformations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [193, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This will have large impact on the AM products and the way they are designed .", "entity": [{"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of computational and knowledge-based methods would be an optimal solution for DfAM in the future to define qualified AM design solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data analytic methods could be used to explore and discover knowledge from existing validated designs or dig out implicit knowledge from large industrial practice and experimental data sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "experimental data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [167, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A collaborative cloud-based DfAM platform would be more sustainable for the world if people could share their designs and design knowledge as well as other AM processing related data sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "sustainable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [156, 158]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would enable and advance wide KBE in DfAM , save a lot of cost and time and improve quality over the trial and error practice in current DfAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "trial and error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This will result in new application areas , new process constraints and new AM features The main goal of this review is to provide a detailed and comprehensive description of the published work from the past decade regarding AM of ceramic materials with possible applications in dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [225, 227]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [231, 248]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [279, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main printable materials and most common technologies are also addressed , underlining their advantages and main drawbacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods Online databases were consulted on this topic .", "entity": [{"entity": "databases", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results Ceramic materials are broadly used in dentistry to restore/replace damaged or missing teeth , due to their biocompatibility , chemical stability and mechanical and aesthetic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 25]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "chemical stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [134, 152]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [157, 167]}, {"entity": "aesthetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to their brittleness nature , a very tight control of the manufacturing process is needed to obtain dental pieces with adequate mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "brittleness nature", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 83]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology that constitutes an interesting and viable manufacturing alternative to the conventional subtractive methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "conventional subtractive methods", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM enables the production of customized complex 3D parts in a more sustainable and less expensive way .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "3D parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "sustainable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM of ceramics can be achieved with an extensive variety of methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although very promising , AM of ceramic dental materials remains understudied and further work is required to make it a widespread technology in dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 56]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In dentistry , as in many other fields , the production of dental pieces is increasingly becoming automated .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer aided design and/or computer aided manufacturing have become progressively widespread within the medical and dental fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "Computer aided design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "computer aided manufacturing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [29, 57]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tools are generally used in the manufacture of dental pieces in machining centers , where extra material is removed from a block to obtain the piece with the desired shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "machining centers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique is known as subtractive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , a new type of technology is emerging , additive manufacturing , also referred to as 3D printing , that allow building up pieces by adding materials layer-by-layer , based on a computerized 3D model .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 72]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "materials layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 173]}, {"entity": "3D model", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [200, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of technology has suffered great developments in a wide range of areas , allowing to produce pieces of all classes of materials , including materials of biological origin .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "classes of materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM focus has been moving from prototype fabrication to rapid manufacturing of small or medium quantities of end-use products .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "prototype", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "rapid manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the main areas of AM application stands out : - Aerospace : AM technology is particularly suitable to obtain a limited number of pieces that are usually required for aerospace applications , with complex geometries and made of advanced materials which are difficult , costly and time-consuming to manufacture .", "entity": [{"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "Aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "complex geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [202, 220]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [242, 251]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [303, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Automotive : AM technology is an important tool in this industry , since it can reduce the development cycle , manufacturing and product costs of automotive components .", "entity": [{"entity": "Automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It allows producing small quantities of structural and functional parts and thus , is particularly interesting for racing vehicles , where light-weight alloys and composites are used to obtain highly complex structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [200, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Energy : AM technology allows the fast development and fabrication of prototypes to reduce the cost and lead-time of research and development of new solutions that reduce the fossil energy dependency .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "prototypes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "lead-time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It increases the design possibilities to improve energy efficiency and/or power density , in alternatives that use renewable and clean energies .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Biomedical : Recent developments in the biomaterials field , biologic sciences and biomedicine have potentiated the use of AM techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomedical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "biomaterials field", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "biomedicine", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Customization is a critical factor in this area and AM allows the production of a wide range of products with specific properties and shapes that meet the patient needs .", "entity": [{"entity": "critical factor", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "specific properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , it is possible to produce diagnostic platforms , orthopedic and dental implants , drug delivery systems , medical devices , tissue scaffolds and artificial organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "medical devices", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "artificial organs", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [159, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biofabrication through AM emerged in the recent years as a new alternative to fabricate tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biofabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , living cells are deposited layer-by-layer in combination with different biomaterials to obtain complex living structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the dentistry field , the use of AM to produce endurable dental structures is expected to bring advantages over conventional manufacturing methods , as reported on other fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentistry field", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "dental structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 141]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [152, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , it shall : - Allow the production of customized near-net-shape dental pieces with intricate details .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "near-net-shape", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Product complexity shall not add cost to production beyond the design stage , because once the design is set , costs are independent of the shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Allow reduction of dental parts production time and consequently of time-to-market .", "entity": [{"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional subtractive technologies involve several time-consuming steps , while AM allows a faster direct production starting simply from a 3D scan of the oral cavity .", "entity": [{"entity": "subtractive", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Limit human error relevance in the procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minor human intervention is required in AM due to the lower number of manufacturing steps .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Decrease the environmental impact , ensuring a higher manufacturing sustainability .", "entity": [{"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "manufacturing sustainability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being an additive technique , it reduces material waste and energy consumption and eliminates the use of conventional manufacturing tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [105, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Globally , AM allows moving from mass production to mass customization , with significant efficiency increase and production costs decrease .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "mass production", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "production costs", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expected dissemination of this technology applied to dental prosthesis shall result in equipmentcost decrease .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "dental prosthesis", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the reduction of final product price is predictable , increasing the accessibility of dental care to the poorest sectors of the population .", "entity": [{"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "predictable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "population", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the recent expiration of the main 3D printing patents , the access to printers became easier and less expensive .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digital dentistry is reported to be one of the fastest growing sectors of the AM technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are several possible applications of AM techniques in dentistry , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "crowns , bridges , dentures , models , surgical guides , implants and orthodontics materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentures", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several challenges emerge when this technique is considered to produce endurable dental devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental devices", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the reliability of the process , surface finishing of the samples and materials density are among the major concerns .", "entity": [{"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerning dental materials that can be used in AM , polymers are the most studied and used ones , followed by metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM of ceramic dental materials is still underdeveloped , mainly due to the difficulties to produce pieces with suitable surface finishing , mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 30]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 161]}, {"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [166, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The available literature regarding AM of ceramic materials represents less than 5 % of the total AM published related work .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 58]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies are even fewer in what concerns ceramic materials for dental applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper presents a recent overview of published work concerning AM of ceramic materials for dental applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [95, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A summary of potentially printable dental biomaterials and brief descriptions of the most common digital manufacturing technologies are also provided , highlighting the main features , advantages and drawbacks , to better understand the potential and restrictions of each technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "digital manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 118]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [272, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The used keywords strings were : 3D printing AND Dental ; Additive manufacturing AND Dental .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "Dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing of bioceramics for dental applicationsbut included in the remaining sections to complement this review and provide any additional remarks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Ceramic dental materials Bioceramics are broadly used in the dental field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [2, 26]}, {"entity": "Bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials have some attractive features/attributes which are similar to natural dentition properties , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "compressive strength , thermal conductivity , radiopacity , colour stability , aesthetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "thermal conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these materials are brittle , hard and sometimes difficult to process .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "brittle", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioceramics can be divided in 4 categories , depending on their main system composition : glasB-based systems ; glasB-based systems with fillers , usually crystalline ; crystalline-based systems with glass fillers ; polycrystalline solids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "glass fillers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [200, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GlasB-based systems consist of materials that are made mostly of silicon dioxide and can comprise different amounts of alumina .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "silicon dioxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feldspars are composed of aluminosilicates , found in nature , containing different quantities of potassium and sodium .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminosilicates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feldspars can be modified in several ways in order to produce the glass used in the dental area .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "glass", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , synthetic forms of alumina silicate glasses may as well be manufactured for dental ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "glasses", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glass composition is almost the same as the pure glass category , being that the difference resides in the amount of different types of crystals that can either be added or grown in the glassy matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "glass", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "glass", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , the primary crystal types are leucite , lithium dissilicate or fluoroapatite .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intended as an alternative to traditional metal ceramics , crystalline-based systems with glass fillers were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "metal ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "glass fillers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are composed of glasB-infiltrated , partially sintered alumina .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polycrystaline solids are made by directly sintering crystals together , forming a dense , air-free , glasB-free , polycrystalline structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polycrystaline solids", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "directly sintering crystals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "forming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "polycrystalline structure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next sections , a brief description is presented regarding the main properties of the most frequently used bioceramics in dental applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [129, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.1 Zirconia Zirconia ceramics were introduced in dentistry in the early nineties , as endosseous implants in dental prosthetic surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "surgery", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This material is known to have exceptional mechanical properties and ease of machining in the pre-sintering stage through CAD/CAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "pre-sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zirconia is biocompatible with the tissues in the oral cavity and has been reported to be osteoconductive , which means that this ceramic facilitates bone formation when in contact with it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "biocompatible", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "contact", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding mechanical properties , zirconia ceramics are considered to have high strength , hardness , wear resistance , resistance to corrosion , modulus of elasticity similar to steel , coefficient of thermal expansion similar to iron , and the highest fracture toughness among the most used ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 31]}, {"entity": "zirconia ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "wear resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "corrosion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "modulus of elasticity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [146, 167]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [179, 184]}, {"entity": "coefficient of thermal expansion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [187, 219]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [231, 235]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [254, 262]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [293, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zirconia-based ceramics can be stabilized in tetragonal or cubic phases depending on the used dopant , its concentration and temperature during the thermal treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "tetragonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "thermal treatments", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [148, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For dental applications , zirconia is commonly stabilized with 3 mol % yttria .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "yttria", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The excellent mechanical properties of stabilized tetragonal zirconia are related with the stresB-induced from tetragonal to monoclinical transformation , which is accompanied by a 4.5 % volume increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "stabilized tetragonal zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 69]}, {"entity": "tetragonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This behaviour leads to the development of compression zone , shielding the propagating crack tip which inhibits further crack propagation , successfully enhancing toughness .", "entity": [{"entity": "compression zone", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "crack propagation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 138]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , there are some disadvantageous aspects of zirconia ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "zirconia ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.2 Alumina Alumina , also called aluminum oxide , was first introduced in the 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "aluminum oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the initial applications presented a fracture rate of the order of 13 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "fracture rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This observed failure was related to a higher porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With further developments , a decade later , a second improved generation of alumina ceramics was presented , characterized by higher density and smaller grains .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to a decrease of the fracture rate to less than 5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "fracture rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , there is available a third generation of alumina ceramic components , with properties such as high purity , high density and finer microstructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina ceramic components", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "finer microstructure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [136, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alumina is used in dental applications for fabrication of endodontic posts , orthodontic brackets , dental implants , crowns and bridges and in ceramic abutments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [19, 38]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "endodontic posts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "orthodontic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "ceramic abutments", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High purity alumina has usually a purity of 99.99 % and has been developed as an alternative to surgical metal alloys for dental applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "metal alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [122, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to US Food and Drug Administration , only the high-purity Al2O3 can be used for medical grade ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al2O3", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impurities such as SiO2 , metal silicates and alkali metal oxides that form glassy grain boundary phases must be minimized to less than 0.1 wt % , since the in vivo degradation of such glassy phases leads to the appearance of stress concentration sites where cracks can be initiated , leading to the catastrophic failure of the component .", "entity": [{"entity": "Impurities", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "metal silicates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "alkali metal oxides", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "grain boundary", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "degradation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "stress concentration", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [226, 246]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [270, 272]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [313, 320]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [328, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible to enhance alumina toughness and fracture strength by controlling the grain size and the porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "grain size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be achieved using adequate sintering cycles , and adding some additives , zirconium oxide and chromium oxide ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "sintering cycles", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "additives", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "zirconium oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "chromium oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.3 Leucite Leucite is a potassium alumina-silicate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leucite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "potassium alumina-silicate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This material displays a tetragonal structure at room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "tetragonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 625 it suffers a displacive phase transformation from tetragonal to cubic , together with a volume expansion of 1.2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "tetragonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leucite has been widely used as a constituent of dental ceramics to modify the coefficient of thermal expansion , which is very important when the ceramic is to be fused or baked onto metal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leucite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "coefficient of thermal expansion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 111]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [184, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually leucite-based materials are used for veneering ceramics in metal-ceramic restorations , also referred to as feldspathic porcelains .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leucite is attained by incongruent melting of feldspar at temperatures between 1150 and 1530 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leucite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "feldspar", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the mechanical properties of feldspathic porcelains being the weakest within ceramic dental materials , their global performance is perceived as quite successful .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 109]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [150, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.4 Lithium dissilicate Lithium silicate-based glasB-ceramics were recently introduced as machinable materials to respond to the demanded increased strength , toughness and wear resistance , required for the fabrication of dental pieces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "demanded increased strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [129, 156]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "wear resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [223, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ceramic material is used in the fabrication of single and multiunit dental restorations , mainly dental crowns , bridges , and veneers , due to its excellent mechanical and optical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "dental crowns", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "veneers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "optical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [178, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , lithium disilicate presents a microstructure constituted by interlocking needle-like crystals embedded in a glass matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "glass matrix", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of this morphology , cracks are forced to propagate around each individual lithium disilicate crystal .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "morphology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of microstructure increases both strength and toughness relatively to other commonly used glasB-ceramics : they have a strength twice as higher as that of the first generation of leucite-reinforced ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.5 Mica Mica minerals are a group of sheet silicate minerals , or layer type silicates , that consist of varying complex formulae of Si , K , Na , Ca , F , O , Fe and Al .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mica", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "sheet", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "silicates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 140]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 150]}, {"entity": "F", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 154]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [157, 158]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanical properties are dictated by the specific crystal structure formed by the cleavage planes situated along the layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "crystal structure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "cleavage planes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crack propagation is more likely to occur along the cleavage planes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crack propagation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "cleavage planes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mica-based glasB-ceramics are relevant for dental materials due to their good machinability , high strength and resistivity to thermal expansion as well as biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "machinability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "resistivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "thermal expansion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 144]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.6 Others ceramic dental materials Besides the examples mentioned above , there are other ceramic materials used in the dentistry field .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 35]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "dentistry field", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For over 30 years , calcium phosphate-based formulations are recognized by their good osteoconductivity and biocompatibility in reconstructive surgeries .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium phosphate-based formulations", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 56]}, {"entity": "osteoconductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tricalcium phosphate presents three polymorphs .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include : monoclinic , and hexagonal and rhombohedral form .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoclinic", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "hexagonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "rhombohedral form", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxyapatite 62 ) is the main component of enamel , and is responsible for the bright white appearance and elimination of the diffuse reflectivity of light by closing the small pores of the enamel surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxyapatite 62", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "enamel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [179, 184]}, {"entity": "enamel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [192, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HA can be used as filler in the repair of craniofacial defects or small holes and depressions on enamel surface , as grafting material and as coating in implant dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "craniofacial defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "enamel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive glasses are silicate-based materials that can form a strong chemical bond with the tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bioactive glasses", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They present great interest in regeneration and healing of bone tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their ability to support osteoblast cells , to bond to both soft and hard tissue and their capability of stimulating angiogenesis in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor make them an attractive alternative relatively to other scaffold materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "osteoblast cells", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "soft and hard tissue", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "angiogenesis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "vascular endothelial growth factor", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [149, 183]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [240, 248]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [249, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , dental impression materials still play a significant role in dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gypsum products are among the most frequently used materials by dental professionals , since its properties are easily modified by physical and chemical means .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypsum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gypsum may be used as impression material , mold material for processing complete dentures , as binders for silica in gold alloy casting investment , soldering investment , and investment for low-melting-point nickel-chromium alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypsum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "mold", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "dentures", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "gold alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "casting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "soldering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "low-melting-point", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [192, 209]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [226, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.7 Composites A composite material is defined as a combination of two or more materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "composite material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting combination renders unique properties with characteristics different from the individual components .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In dentistry , ceramic composites may comprise combinations such as ceramic-metal , ceramic-polymer , or ceramic-ceramic Examples of current dental ceramic-ceramic composites include aluminacomposites , commercially available as structural ceramics for dental devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "ceramic composites", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "ceramic-polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "dental ceramic-ceramic composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 174]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [226, 228]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [240, 248]}, {"entity": "dental devices", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [253, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials , contain either alumina-toughened zirconia or zirconia-toughened alumina , depending on the percentage of the main component .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "alumina-toughened zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 59]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These composites combine the transformation toughening capabilities of zirconia along with the lower susceptibility to low temperature degradation in biological fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "toughening", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "susceptibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "degradation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "biological fluids", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [150, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , with the development of nanotechnology , the bionanocomposites have emerged .", "entity": [{"entity": "nanotechnology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "bionanocomposites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials are expected to mimic native tissue structure , withstand high biting force and harsh oral cavity environment , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "mimic", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "tissue structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "force", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sudden change of temperature or osmotic pressure and invasion of various pathogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "osmotic pressure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible applications for bionanocomposites in the dental field include dental tissue regeneration or its substitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "bionanocomposites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "dental tissue regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Digital manufacturing CAD/CAM production of fixed prosthetic restorations such as inlays , onlays , veneers , crowns , and fixed partial dentures is a relatively well established technology used by dental health professionals for over 20 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Digital manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [2, 23]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "prosthetic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "onlays", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "veneers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "fixed partial dentures", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [125, 147]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 191]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All CAD/CAM systems involve three steps .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD/CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first one corresponds to the data acquisition , through various scanning technologies that allow to transform the site/product geometry into digital data to be processed by the computer .", "entity": [{"entity": "data acquisition", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "scanning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is followed by manipulation and processing of the data set using a CAD software .", "entity": [{"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the processed data are used for manufacturing of structures in the desired material through CAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "processed data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In dentistry , there are three different production concepts available , depending on the location of the steps of the CAD/CAM processes : - chairside production , - laboratory production , - centralized fabrication in a production center .", "entity": [{"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "laboratory", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [204, 215]}, {"entity": "production center", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [221, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production can be carried out through several different technologies , that can be divided into two manufacturing processes : subtractive and additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [104, 127]}, {"entity": "subtractive", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [146, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.1 Subtractive manufacturing There are several subtractive manufacturing techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most used in dental ceramics processing is based on milling of pre-sintered or fully sintered blocks , through a computer numeric controlled machine .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental ceramics processing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 43]}, {"entity": "milling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "pre-sintered", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "fully sintered blocks", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [83, 104]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CAM software automatically translates the CAD model into tool path for the CNC machine .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAM", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "tool path", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "CNC machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This involves computation of the commands series that dictate the CNC milling , including sequencing , milling tools , and tool motion direction and magnitude .", "entity": [{"entity": "computation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "CNC milling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "milling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "tool motion direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [123, 144]}, {"entity": "magnitude", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of tool positioning has been reported to be within 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3-axis milling systems are the most commonly used in dental milling systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "milling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In such systems , the milling burs move in three axes according to a defined path .", "entity": [{"entity": "milling burs", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SM is extensively used in dentistry for the production of dental pieces such as crowns and bridges .", "entity": [{"entity": "SM", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SM technology allows the processing of materials , which would otherwise be difficult to manipulate .", "entity": [{"entity": "SM", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This way , the exhaustive artisanal production techniques are decreased or even eliminated , thus allowing the dental technician to enhance the creative component of his manual manufacturing process .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [177, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SM is a well-established technology which has the advantage of using intrinsically homogeneous materials which are unaffected by operating conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "SM", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "homogeneous materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it requires low post-processing and the costs regarding the involved equipment are relatively reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "equipment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this is a wasteful process because the piece is milled from an intact block with a significant loss of material amount .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "milled", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors such as the objectscomplexity , the dimension of the tooling equipment and the properties of the material can affect and limit the accuracy of this process .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "dimension", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "tooling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "equipment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2 Additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing , also referred to as solid freeform fabrication , rapid prototyping or 3D printing , involves processing methodologies that are capable of producing structures by depositing materials layer-by-layer resorting to a computer generated design file .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "freeform fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "rapid prototyping", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [101, 118]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "materials layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [225, 249]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [265, 273]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [284, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The workpiece is virtually sliced into several two-dimensional layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "workpiece", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "two-dimensional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , an AM machine generates the tool-path along the x and y directions .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "tool-path", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each material layer is deposited one on top of the other , consecutively , forming a three-dimensional part .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "forming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "three-dimensional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ceramics present a higher melting point , higher susceptibility to thermal shook and lower sintrerability than the other group of materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "melting point", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "susceptibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "sintrerability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it is quite difficult to obtained fully consolidated parts , without defects , using AM methods that produced directly sintered bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "directly sintered bodies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [117, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most of the cases , AM is used to obtain preliminary 3D structures in green that are built from mixture powders with organic or inorganic binder materials and need to be submitted to further steps of debinding and sintering .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "3D structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [217, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some authors refer to these methods as indirect , contrarily to direct methods where the ceramic powder is sintered during the manufacturing procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "ceramic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The debinding step depends on the organic components and became diffusion limited by increasing the thickness of the part , leading to higher debinding times The debinding temperature need to be carefully chosen .", "entity": [{"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "organic components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "diffusion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "debinding temperature", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [192, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If is to high the removal rate of the volatile products resulting from the binder decomposition is too high , the pressure may increase and lead to crack formation and/or delamination .", "entity": [{"entity": "binder decomposition", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "pressure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "delamination", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [171, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible solution to overcome the internal stresses generated during debinding may be the use of plasticizing agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "internal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defects can also be avoided through the introduction of open spaces in the structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That can be achieved by adding compounds able to evaporate/decompose at lower temperature than the debinding process temperature 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are several applications for AM in dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the earliest is medical modelling , for surgery guide , where anatomical modelsare created .", "entity": [{"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "surgery", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The models can also be used as supports for the fabrication of restorations , for example , to help in the addition of veneered materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In digital orthodontics , there are systems available that digitally realign the patientteeth to make a series of 3D printed models for the manufacture of aligners .", "entity": [{"entity": "digital orthodontics", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D printing technology can also be used to produce novel titanium dental implants with a porous or rough surface and different types of restorations/components in metallic or polymeric materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing technology", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "polymeric materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next sections , the main AM technologies available , referred in 1 , are described , namely indirect methods , such as binder jetting , material extrusion and jetting and Vat polymerization/stereolitography , and direct methods , which include direct energy deposition and powder bed fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [143, 161]}, {"entity": "jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Vat polymerization/stereolitography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [178, 213]}, {"entity": "direct energy deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [251, 275]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [280, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2.1 Binder jetting Binder jetting uses two materials , a powder-based material and a binder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Binder jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "Binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "powder-based material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually in the liquid form , the organic binder acts as an adhesive between ceramic powder particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "adhesive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "ceramic powder particles", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A print head deposits alternated layers of the building material and the binding material , moving horizontally along the x and y axes of the machine .", "entity": [{"entity": "print head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "binding material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 111]}, {"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After each layer , the build platform is lowered and the process repeated over the previous layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "build platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BJ presents several advantages , such as the ability to use a range of materials as well as a large number of combinations powder/binder , being generally a fast printing process .", "entity": [{"entity": "BJ", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "printing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drawbacks of this technology are mainly related to the high porosity and consequent low mechanical properties of the printed pieces .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is due to factors such as the high friction within the powder particles , their random agglomeration and the absence of an external force to compress the powder and improve packaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "friction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "powder particles", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "force", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flowability and spreadability of powders are especially important for BJ .", "entity": [{"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "BJ", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using powders with large particle sizes can enhance the flowability , however it may jeopardize the sinterability and densification behaviour after printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "sinterability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "densification behaviour", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [118, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrarily , very fine particle size may lead to considerable agglomeration and reduced flowability .", "entity": [{"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since after sintering , the pieces density rarely exceeds 50 % of the theoretical value , this technology seems not to be suitable for structural parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "theoretical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to overcome this issue , the printed piece may be infiltered under vacuum with a glass material that penetrates in the pores by capillary effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "glass material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "capillary effect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2.2 Material extrusion and jetting Generally , in the material extrusion process the material is heated and extruded through a nozzle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "extruded", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nozzle can move horizontally , and the build platform can move vertically to enable the addition of each subsequent layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "build platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process , also known as fused deposition modeling , is the most widespread and inexpensive process within 3D printing technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "deposition modeling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "3D printing technology", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [111, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are some drawbacks such as not being as fast as other AM processes and presenting an accuracy limited by the nozzle radius , which reduces the final product quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "AM processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "product quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to increase the final quality it is necessary to control factors such as extrusion speed and ensure constant pressure and flow .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "pressure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another form of AM using material extrusion is material jetting process , where the material is deposited in the form of droplets , instead of filament , to form a 2D pattern .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "material jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "filament", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "2D pattern", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printed layer is cured using ultraviolet radiation , immediately after the deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "cured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "ultraviolet radiation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process is repeated until the complete 3D part is formed .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "3D part", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 shows an example of an occlusal surface of a dental crown produced by this technique from a ceramic suspension of yttria partially stabilized zirconia .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "dental crown", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "yttria", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "partially stabilized zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible to observe surface waviness associated with layer-by-layer deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface waviness", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Material extrusion techniques also include robocasting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "robocasting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this process , a filament of a paste is extruded through a nozzle while it moves over a platform , building the object layer-by-layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "filament", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "extruded", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paste exits the nozzle with a given shape , without being necessary waiting for its solidification or drying to build the next layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "drying", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freeze-form Extrusion Fabrication is another example of extrusion-based AM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrarily to most of the other extrusion freeform fabrication methods , in FEF , the organic binder content is only 2vol % and the solids loading of the paste can be higher than 50 vol % .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During FEF the piece is built by keeping the surrounding environment of the building platform below the freezing temperature of water .", "entity": [{"entity": "building platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This solidifies the paste after the deposition on each layer during the fabrication process .", "entity": [{"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEF enables the production of relatively large parts , when compared with traditional robocasting .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "robocasting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In extrusion techniques , the mechanical properties can be improved by controlling the crystallographic texture of the materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "texture", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be achieved by mixing a small number of large particles of anisotropic shape with fine particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "mixing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During extrusion , the anisotropic particles align in the shear direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "shear direction", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a later sintering step , the aligned particles grow absorbing the fine particles , leading to highly textured and dense ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2.3 Vat polymerization/stereolitography Vat polymerization/stereolitography was created by Chuck Hull in 1986 and was the AM technology pioneer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vat polymerization/stereolitography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 41]}, {"entity": "Vat", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "Chuck", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLA was the first AM to be applied in medicine , which was used to produce surgical models for alloplastic implant surgery in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "medicine", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "alloplastic implant surgery", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [95, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vat polymerization printing , a specific type of light is used to build parts one layer at a time , in a vat containing light-cured photopolymer resin mixed with ceramic powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "vat polymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "vat", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "photopolymer resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [135, 153]}, {"entity": "ceramic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The light travels each layer through the surface of the liquid resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the building platform descends allowing that another layer of resin spreads over the surface , and thus repeating the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "building platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technology enables a rapid fabrication and allows to create complex shapes with high level of accuracy and good finish .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "rapid fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The curing depth is a critical parameter that determines the accuracy of the formability .", "entity": [{"entity": "curing depth", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "formability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 shows a zirconia implant printed trough this method .", "entity": [{"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When compared to conventional polymer-based SLA , using ceramics can affect the line width and the curing depth .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "curing depth", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , since conventional SLA equipment uses dispersions with viscosities lower than 5 Pa.s , the particle size and the solids volume fraction of the ceramics preparations must be adjusted to meet the requirements of both formability and sinterability .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "equipment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [177, 179]}, {"entity": "formability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [222, 233]}, {"entity": "sinterability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [238, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain ceramics with a high density , it is essential a fine particle size and a high solids volume fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [96, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , SLA presents excellent surface finishing , but is still considered to be relatively expensive and present a lengthily post-processing time for unprocessed resin removal and additional curing .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "curing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For ceramics , a final thermal cycle allows to remove the organic resin and sintering the material , increasing its density .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "thermal cycle", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2.4 Direct energy deposition techniques Direct energy deposition is a more complex additive printing process , commonly used to repair or add additional material to existing components .", "entity": [{"entity": "Direct energy deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 30]}, {"entity": "Direct energy deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 66]}, {"entity": "additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [176, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A typical DED machine consists of a nozzle mounted on a multi axis arm , which deposits melted material onto the specified surface , where it solidifies .", "entity": [{"entity": "DED machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "nozzle", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material is heated and melted using a laser , electron beam or plasma arc .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "electron beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "plasma arc", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The piece is lowered by a distance equivalent to the layer thickness .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this process typically uses metal , it can also use polymers and ceramics , either provided in wire or powder form .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For ceramic materials , it allows achieving almost 100 % density and avoids shrinkage or distortion , eliminating the need of debinding or sintering steps .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [139, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilkes and Wissenbach were pioneer in studying the applicability of this method to manufacture ceramic components for medical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "medical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2.5 Powder bed fusion Powder-based printing technologies include selective laser sintering , direct metal laser sintering , selective laser melting and electron beam melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 23]}, {"entity": "printing technologies", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 92]}, {"entity": "direct metal laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 123]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 149]}, {"entity": "electron beam melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [154, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these technologies use heat to fuse the powdered materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "fuse", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences rely on the energy source and powder materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "source", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "powder materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , SLS , DMLS , and SLM all use lasers , while EBM uses electron beam as energy source In the sintering processes , the powders are not completely melted .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "DMLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "electron beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "source", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads to porous internal structures and rough surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "internal structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the melting processes , the powders are well fused , creating parts with enhanced mechanical properties and higher densities .", "entity": [{"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "fused", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process begins with the spreading of a layer of material over the build platform , typically 0.1 mm thick .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "build platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energy source fuses the first layer or first cross section of the model .", "entity": [{"entity": "source", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "fuses", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "cross section", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The build platform is then lowered and a new layer of powder is spread across the previous using a roller .", "entity": [{"entity": "build platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "spread", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "roller", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 shows a dental piece made of alumina-zirconia composite obtained by this process .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental piece", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "alumina-zirconia composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 57]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manufacturing time for powder bed fusion based techniques is lower than for other AM techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , as it happens with direct energy deposition , since these techniques do not involve the use of binders for the production of intermediate green pieces , it is not required any debinding process .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "direct energy deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 53]}, {"entity": "binders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "debinding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to the high heating and cooling rates , thermal shock may occur , which may lead to cracking .", "entity": [{"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "cooling rates", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be avoided by pre-heating the powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Additive manufacturing of bioceramics for dental applications Ceramic materials where only recently considered in AM processing due to their intrinsic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [2, 24]}, {"entity": "bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "Ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "intrinsic properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high melting points of ceramics make them difficult to melt under normal heating methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "melting points", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it is possible to melt some ceramics , this process can cause new phase formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , several factors associated to the processing of the ceramic materials and to the characteristics of the raw materials used may affect the porosity of the final piece .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "raw materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase of porosity impairs the mechanical properties of the final product .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it can be favourable for cellular growth or implant fixation , required for specific applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "cellular growth", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This section will report published work where different bioceramics , such as zirconia , alumina , calcium phosphates and ceramic composites , with possible applications in dentistry , are processed using various AM technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "calcium phosphates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "ceramic composites", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [189, 198]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [213, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.1 Additive manufacturing of zirconia The information concerning the AM of zirconia-based compositions , with possible applications in dentistry is present in 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "zirconia-based compositions", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 103]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ebert demonstrated the possibility to build dense three-dimensional components of the size of a crown , with its characteristic occlusal surface topography , through material extrusion technology , using zirconia ceramic suspensions .", "entity": [{"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "three-dimensional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "crown", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "surface topography", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 155]}, {"entity": "material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [166, 184]}, {"entity": "zirconia ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [204, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printed and sintered samples were not completely free of procesB-related defects , mainly due to clogged nozzles during printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "clogged nozzles", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was possible to obtain specimens with relative density of 96.9 % , with mechanical properties comparable to those of conventionally produced 3Y-TZP via cold isostatic pressing .", "entity": [{"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "3Y-TZP", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "cold isostatic pressing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moin , established that it is feasible to use high-end digital light processing technology to fabricate a root analogue implant with a certain amount of precision .", "entity": [{"entity": "digital light processing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 79]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "root analogue", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results showed a printed RAI with a 6.67 % larger surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large number of factors are recognized to influence the precision of this printing technique , namely the resolution of the digital mirroring device and the composition of the ceramic/ photopolymer mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "precision", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "digital mirroring device", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [126, 150]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "photopolymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [187, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors claim that the precise control over spatially grade composition , microstructure design/distribution and shape are potential advantages over milling of unsintered ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "precise control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "spatially grade composition", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 75]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "milling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "unsintered", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osman also used a SLA method to efficiently print customized zirconia dental implants with sufficient dimensional accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "sufficient dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study evaluated among other aspects , the dimensional accuracy , surface topography and mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "surface topography", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report that the dimensional accuracy of the printed implant was high and the achieved mechanical properties showed flexural strength close to those of conventionally produced ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 119]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 144]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLA was again used by Xing , to produce ZrO2 complex shaped ceramic components with high dimensional accuracy and proper properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface roughness of the unpolished ZrO2 showed an anisotropic behavior with values ranging from 0.41 to 1.07 on the measuring direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon could be eliminated through polishing , reducing Ra to a nanometer scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "polishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "nanometer scale", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sintered ceramics had isotropic mechanical properties close to milled zirconia due to the homogeneity of the grain size .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "isotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "milled", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "grain size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the work of Scheithauer , the droplet formation behavior of zirconia suspensions for thermoplastic 3D printing was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "droplet", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic 3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [88, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precise deposition of small adjacent droplets of molten thermoplastic suspensions containing ceramic particles allowed to obtain filament-like structures by coalescence of adjacent droplets .", "entity": [{"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "coalescence of adjacent droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The researchers introduced the droplet fusion factor in order to calculate the necessary distance between two droplets to produce those filaments .", "entity": [{"entity": "droplet fusion factor", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "filaments", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that filament-like structures with a smooth surface and a nearly homogeneous cross section could be produced for suspensions with a dff of 44 % or higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "homogeneous", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "cross section", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous work , the same research group used the same process to print zirconia samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were able to produce ceramic parts with high density and homogeneous microstructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "homogeneous microstructures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [62, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On one hand the heating rates required for thermal debinding are very low and it must be carried out in a powder bed , increasing the time and complexity of the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "thermal debinding", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another work of the same group , the authors combined AM and functionally graded materials to create zirconia-based customizable smart materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "functionally graded materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 93]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using T3DP technology , it was possible to selectively deposit two different materials beside each other , offering the prospect of combining suspensions with different contents of a pore forming agents to obtained components with dense and porous areas inside .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "pore forming agents", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [186, 205]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [218, 228]}, {"entity": "dense and porous", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [234, 250]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [251, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of zones with different porosities reduces the elastic modulus , diminishing the stress shielding , which should be benefic for dental implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosities", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More , the presence of open pores shall favor the osteointegration .", "entity": [{"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "osteointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work of Shao , showed the possibility of successfully printing ZrO2 ceramic parts by a new extrusion-based process , 3D Gel-Printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZrO2 ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "extrusion-based process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 118]}, {"entity": "3D Gel-Printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors were able to produce printed and sintered cuboid samples with a regular appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameters such as surface roughness , relative density , hardness and transverse rupture strength of printed and sintered samples were compared with those obtained in other 3D printing processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "transverse rupture strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 98]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [174, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that 3DGP led to samples with higher density , hardness and surface finishing than those obtained by syringe extrusion , and that presented higher transverse rupture strength than others produced by gel casting .", "entity": [{"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "syringe", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "transverse rupture strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [160, 187]}, {"entity": "gel casting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [212, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More , no defects or deformation was observed from outside of the printed samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors refer the importance of aspects such as printing conditions , rheological behavior of the slurry as well as the solid loading on the final properties of the printed/sintered samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "rheological", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "slurry", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Faes combined the advantages of AM extrusion and UV curing into a single 3D printing technique , to obtain pieces with an high shape stability and green strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "UV curing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "shape stability", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel syringe-based AM process , based on the use of a photopolymerizable dispersion , leads to economic benefits since it reduces the raw material consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "photopolymerizable", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "dispersion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "raw material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High shrinkage was observed during sintering , leading to cracking .", "entity": [{"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This must be due to a low load of ceramic particles in the dispersion .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "dispersion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested to increase the amount of ceramic particles , keeping the rheological behavior , which can be achieved through the introduction of steric repulsive forces in the dispersion , for example using other resins .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "rheological", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "forces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "dispersion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "resins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [215, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.2 Additive manufacturing of alumina 3 gathers the main findings of published work regarding the AM of alumina-based formulations with possible applications in the dental field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "alumina 3", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "alumina-based formulations", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Work carried out by Scheithauer , showed the possibility of printing dense alumina pieces using 3D printing of high-filled suspensions with thermoplastic binder systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic binder systems", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [140, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors achieved samples with high densities , homogeneous microstructures and very good bonding between the printed layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "homogeneous microstructures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 78]}, {"entity": "bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also highlights the importance of the rheological properties of the slurries , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheological properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "low viscosity allows an easy flow through the needle to form small droplets , which can improve the printing resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "viscosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that thermoplastic 3D printing presents several advantages over other suspension-based technologies , namely the fact that the green layer solidifying occur by simple cooling , the versatility of ceramic materials that can be used and the applicability in limited areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "thermoplastic 3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [176, 182]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [212, 229]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [239, 241]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [280, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is recognized the potential of the technique to print multimaterial and multifunctional components , as well as to obtain pieces with material and/or property gradients in different dimensions .", "entity": [{"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [185, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the authors claim that heating rates for thermal debinding must be very low and that the process must be performed in a powder bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "thermal debinding", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dehurtevent , presented a study which provides promising results for manufacturing dense 3D alumina crown frameworks by SLA .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "crown", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors established a comparison between the physical and mechanical properties of SLA-manufactured alumina ceramics of different compositions and viscosity to those of subtractive-manufactured ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 83]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "viscosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [198, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their results showed an acceptability window for viscosity of the slurries that allows producing SLA manufactured alumina pieces .", "entity": [{"entity": "viscosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the authors were able to achieve a composition that originated a reliable material with the anisotropic shrinkage , high density , flexural strength , and Weibull characteristics suitable for SLA manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "anisotropic shrinkage", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [146, 163]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [207, 210]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [211, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , it was observed that although an oversize of 35 % allow manufacturing complex morphologies , differential shrinkage led to deformation of the final structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "complex morphologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the work of Maleksaeedi , a powder-bed inkjet 3D-printing and vacuum infiltration process was used for producing alumina parts with high density and improved mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "inkjet 3D-printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "vacuum infiltration process", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [65, 92]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors utilized vacuum infiltration process to enhance the packing of the green parts after printing , by impregnating the 3D-printed parts with highly solid loaded slurries .", "entity": [{"entity": "vacuum infiltration process", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [21, 48]}, {"entity": "green parts", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "3D-printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their results showed that the vacuum infiltration process was able to significantly increase the density , reduce the porosity and increase the strength of the 3D-printed alumina components .", "entity": [{"entity": "vacuum infiltration process", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [30, 57]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "3D-printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [179, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the bending strength was improved up to 15 times of the original strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "bending strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.3 Additive manufacturing of other ceramics The potential of AM has been explored in several dental applications with other ceramic materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "dental applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 summarizes information regarding various calcium phosphates compositions and other bioceramics , as well as gypsum , mainly for bone regeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium phosphates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "bone regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lopez , produced bioactive tricalcium phosphate scaffolds using a material extrusion technology , robocasting .", "entity": [{"entity": "tricalcium phosphate scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [27, 57]}, {"entity": "material extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "robocasting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printed scaffolds were able to restore critical mandibular segmental defects to levels similar to native bone after a 8 week period implant in an adult rabbit mandibular defect model .", "entity": [{"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "mandibular segmental defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [52, 80]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "adult rabbit mandibular defect model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed directional bony ingrowth into the scaffold interstices , tracking healing pathway origins to defect walls and marrow spaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "scanning electron microscopy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [17, 45]}, {"entity": "directional bony ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 87]}, {"entity": "scaffold interstices", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [97, 117]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "marrow spaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More , it was observed new bone growth and scaffold resorption at bone/scaffold interfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "bone/scaffold interfaces", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another work using robocasting technology is the one carried out by Slots in which porous TCP implants were developed using storable and reusable inks composed of fatty acid/TCP .", "entity": [{"entity": "robocasting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "porous TCP implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total fabrication time including ink preparation , printing and sintering was less than 5 h for 8 cm2 of implant .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "ink", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printed implants were able to retain their shape after sintering and were chemically unchanged by the printing and sintering process .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesenchymal stem cells were able to grow on the implants , secrete collagen and alkaline phosphate and mineralize the implant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesenchymal stem cells", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "alkaline phosphate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , they possessed clinically relevant mechanical strength and presented osteoconductive properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "osteoconductive", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process demonstrated to be sufficiently simple and effective to enable rapid , on-demand , in-hospital production of patient-specific ceramic implants for treatment of bone trauma .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the study conducted by Fahimipour , a biomimetic porous TCP/alginate/gelatin scaffold containing PLGA ) microspheres for slow release of VEGF was processed through extrusion technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "microspheres", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "VEGF", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [167, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printable ink was selected according to the gel point of different formulations of TCP/alginate/gelatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ink", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "gel point", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process faced some difficulties , for example in what concerns the needle blocking during extrusion if the gel point is above room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "faced", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "blocking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "gel point", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , it was possible to achieve satisfactory mechanical and biological features supporting cell viability necessary for bone tissue regeneration.Tamimi , prepared customized 3D-printed monetite onlays by binder jetting .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "cell viability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "3D-printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "onlays", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [204, 210]}, {"entity": "binder jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [214, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The onlays were design to facilitate the diffusion of cells and nutrients from high bone metabolic to low bone metabolic areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "onlays", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "diffusion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "bone metabolic areas", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [106, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The research showed that bone metabolic activity in onlays is anatomy-dependant and correlates with the ability of bone augmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "bone metabolic activity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "onlays", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors were able to achieve osseointegration of dental implants in bone augmented with the printed monetite onlays .", "entity": [{"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "monetite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Klammert also used binder jetting technology to produce several specific craniofacial implants of TCP .", "entity": [{"entity": "binder jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "craniofacial implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [73, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printed parts were able to comply with geometric requirements and provide an adequate accuracy of fit , even though the authors did not use a commercial CAD solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy of fit", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fieldint and colleagues face several challenges to adapt and optimize the processing parameters to produce scaffolds using a 3D binder jetting printer and commercially available binders .", "entity": [{"entity": "face", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "3D binder jetting printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [125, 150]}, {"entity": "binders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report that the addition of dopants to the ceramic powder decreased the to phase transformation of TCP sintered at 1250 Additionally , the density increased leading to a 250 % increase in compressive strength , when compared to pure TCP scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopants", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "ceramic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [200, 220]}, {"entity": "TCP scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [245, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shao prepared by extrusion , four groups of bioceramic scaffolds for treatment of bone defects : Mg-substituted wollastonite-based ; TCP-based ; wollastonite-based ; and bredigite-based .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "bioceramic scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "bone defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , CSi-Mg10 printed parts revealed the largest pore dimension but the lowest porosity , mainly due to the considerable shrinkage of the scaffolds during sintering .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore dimension", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asadi-Eydivand , prepared gypsum-based scaffolds also for the treatment of bone defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "gypsum-based scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "bone defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They investigated the effect of thermic treatment on the structural , mechanical , and physical properties of samples produced by extrusion/jetting .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "physical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the lowest temperature , the samples showed adequate mechanical properties , but high cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "cytotoxicity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , temperatures in the range of 500 led to lower cytotoxic scaffolds but insufficient mechanical strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "cytotoxic scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [97, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For temperatures higher than 1000 higher compressive strength and greater viability were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [41, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , above 1200 decomposition of calcium sulfate occurs , leading to mass loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "decomposition", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.4 Additive manufacturing of ceramic composites 5 gathers the information about AM of ceramic-based composites possible applications in dentistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "ceramic composites", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "ceramic-based composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 111]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the work carried out by GoyoB-Ball porous robocasted structures made of 10 mol % ceria-stabilized zirconia and alumina composite were produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "alumina composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors found that round lattice structures have compression strength similar to cortical bone , are not cytotoxic and induce osseous differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "round lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 47]}, {"entity": "compression strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "cortical bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "cytotoxic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More , the printed parts showed good aesthetics , chemical stability and negligible corrosion and wear .", "entity": [{"entity": "chemical stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "corrosion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "wear", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the high structural integrity , the printed parts could be used as scaffolds for load bearing applications during the osteointegration process .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "osteointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rahim established a comparison between composites prepared by extrusion and by injection moulding .", "entity": [{"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "injection moulding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The samples were composed of polyamide 12 , incorporated with bioceramic fillers , from 10 to 40 % content .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "polyamide 12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "bioceramic fillers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of their work showed that the addition of fillers improved or maintained the strength and stiffness of the parts , while reducing toughness and flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "flexibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melting behaviour of polyamide 12 did not depend on the processing techniques , but was affected by the addition of fillers and by the cooling rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "polyamide 12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "processing techniques", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "cooling rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [135, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incorporation of fillers improved the thermal stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "thermal stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that fuse deposition modelling allows producing medical implants with acceptable mechanical performances for non-load bearing applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "fuse deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "medical implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "non-load bearing", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jan manufactured ceramic objects by powder bed fusion , using selective laser melting technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors were able to produce parts with good mechanical properties , with approximately 100 % density , without needing sintering processes or post-processing , which constitutes an advantage .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study reports some process challenges that need to be overcome , for instance , the thermally induced stresses , caused by the deposition of the new cold powder layers on top of the preheated ceramic , and the surface roughness values .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "cold powder layers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [196, 203]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [214, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 Challenges Additive manufacturing is recognized as a promising technology with advantages not only in the production of customized healthcare products to improve population health and quality of life , but also by its possibility of decreasing environmental impact , enhancing the manufacturing sustainability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "population", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [260, 266]}, {"entity": "manufacturing sustainability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [283, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the inherent challenges of 3D printing should not be overlooked .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspects such as surface quality , dimensional accuracy and the mechanical properties need improvement to allow producing effective high-quality products .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerning surface quality , it depends on the AM used technique , processing conditions and raw material characteristics , which affect the thickness of each printed layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface quality", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "raw material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [167, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powder bed AM leads to lower surface quality than the other AM techniques , due to the presence of large and partially melted powder particles in the printed piecessurfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "surface quality", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relatively to the thickness of the printed layers , extrusion techniques typically lead to high layer thicknesses due to the large diameter of the deposition nozzle .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "layer thicknesses", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powder bed fusion and vat polymerization origin lower layer thicknesses due to the ability to precisely focus the energy beam radius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "vat polymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "layer thicknesses", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "energy beam radius", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [114, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Material jetting techniques are the ones that produce the finest layer thickness due to the small jetted droplets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "droplets", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dimensional accuracy is critical in the production of dental pieces , because these must fit tightly the needs of each patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "dental pieces", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "fit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of issues affects dimensional accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work of Lee summarizes the dimensional accuracy in different manufacturing processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "spreading compaction/densification of the powder within the layers , evaporation of material by laser/heat and shrinkage during solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "evaporation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical properties are influenced by the presence of defects : surface quality and porosity are critical factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "surface quality", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "critical factors", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different solutions have been proposed to reduce porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , choosing ceramic powders with an adequate granulometric distribution , adding dopants or a viscous liquid-forming phase , infiltrating the sintered body with vitreous materials and applying cold/hot isostatic pressure to the green body .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "granulometric distribution", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [56, 82]}, {"entity": "dopants", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "infiltrating", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "vitreous", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "cold/hot isostatic pressure", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [204, 231]}, {"entity": "green body", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [239, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shrinkage is also a concern in AM processes since it affects significantly the pieces dimensions and may lead to cracking .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "AM processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The printing strategy needs to be optimized to prevent the impact of this phenomenon .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible solutions to minimize this issue are : - Increasing the amount of ceramic particles in the pastes , while keeping the rheological behavior unchanged , which may be achieved adding steric dispersants - Adding to the mixture particles that can expand due to phase transformation or reaction during sintering - Decreasing the sintering temperature , without compromising density - Considering it in the CAD design of the parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "rheological", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "steric dispersants", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [189, 207]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [232, 241]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [265, 270]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [305, 314]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [332, 341]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [377, 384]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [409, 412]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most of the mentioned studies along this work , the ceramic materials are composed of mixtures of a sacrificial polymeric binder with ceramic particles for the production of the green product .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "green product", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [181, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This means that additional post-processing steps , such as sintering , are required to remove the binder and achieve a fully dense ceramic component .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "fully dense", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is true for the majority of the AM technologies with few exceptions such as direct selective laser sintering and selective laser melting techniques , where the ceramic particles are directly sintered or melted , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [88, 113]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [196, 204]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dental ceramic pieces made by direct ink deposition still present low mechanical properties , compared to other conventional means to produce molded parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dental ceramic pieces", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "direct ink deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limitations of this layering technique include poor bonding adhesion between layers and the occurrence of porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "adhesion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protocols should be as simple as possible , leading to slurries/inks with appropriate composition , flow consistency and behavior and specific viscoelastic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "protocols", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "consistency", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "viscoelastic properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [147, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They should contain a high solid volume fraction not only to minimize shrinkage during drying and therefore resist the involved stresses , but also to increase the density of the final product .", "entity": [{"entity": "solid volume fraction", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "drying", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another important challenge is bacteriological safety of the final products intended to be in close contact with tissues/organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacteriological safety", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "contact", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structures must be able to endure strict sterilization protocols without losing their intrinsic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "protocols", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "intrinsic properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 Final considerations Ceramic materials play an important role as dental materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceramic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their high chemical and mechanical resistance , as well as their aesthetic properties , make them an excellent option to replace damaged dental tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "aesthetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional manufacturing methods to produce ceramic dental pieces are generally based on subtractive techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "ceramic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "subtractive", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lead to significant material and tool waste and present limitations in the production of parts with complex geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "complex geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rising demand for custom-tailored and patient specific dental products renders dentistry to be one of the rapidly expanding segments of additive manufacturing technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "dentistry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These technologies have been successfully used in many production sectors and present many advantages for processing dental structures , compared with subtracting technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "dental structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include less production steps with consequent impact in the total manufacturing time , lower consumables and raw materials consumption , and adequacy to produce very small and complex dental parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "raw materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It thus opens possibility to mass production of customized dental products , with evident benefit to the patients and/or healthcare systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "mass production", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are still concerns about application of AM to ceramics due to their intrinsically poor mechanical properties , the accuracy of the obtained pieces , their density and surface finishing .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 124]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [183, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This comprehensive review shows that , dental bioceramics can be processed through AM by different techniques , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental bioceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [83, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "material extrusion/jetting , vat polymerization , binder jetting , and powder bed fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "vat polymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "binder jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first technology is the most widely used .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies confirmed that almost any shape could be produced , with different degrees of complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "specific mechanical properties , different degrees of porosity and/or density , biodegradability , osteointegration and cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 30]}, {"entity": "degrees of porosity", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "biodegradability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "osteointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "cytotoxicity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the great potential for dental industry , the application of AM to ceramic dental materials is still under study .", "entity": [{"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "ceramic dental materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In resume , further developments of AM technology are expected to give a significant contribution to bring production costs down , improve manufactured materials properties and render the production processes more efficient and competitive .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "production costs", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [188, 198]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An interesting approach , when printing 3D complex dental ceramic structures , could be to combine the best attributes of AM technologies with conventional surface finishing methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "dental ceramic structures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 76]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "conventional surface finishing methods", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [143, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the critical issues in orthopaedic regenerative medicine is the design of bone scaffolds and implants that replicate the biomechanical properties of the host bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "orthopaedic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "medicine", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "bone scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "biomechanical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [128, 152]}, {"entity": "host bones", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous metals have found themselves to be suitable candidates for repairing or replacing the damaged bones since their stiffness and porosity can be adjusted on demands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "damaged bones", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another advantage of porous metals lies in their open space for the in-growth of bone tissue , hence accelerating the osseointegration process .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [118, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabrication of porous metals has been extensively explored over decades , however only limited controls over the internal architecture can be achieved by the conventional processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "internal architecture", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [117, 138]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in additive manufacturing have provided unprecedented opportunities for producing complex structures to meet the increasing demands for implants with customized mechanical performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [177, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , topology optimization techniques have been developed to enable the internal architecture of porous metals to be designed to achieve specified mechanical properties at will .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "internal architecture", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus implants designed via the topology optimization approach and produced by additive manufacturing are of great interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of topological design and manufacturing processes of various types of porous metals , in particular for titanium alloys , biodegradable metals and shape memory alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "state-of-the-art", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 89]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "titanium alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "biodegradable metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [162, 182]}, {"entity": "shape memory alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [187, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone is a complex tissue that continually undergoes dynamic biological remodelling , i.e. , the coupled process whereby osteoclasts resorb mature bone tissue followed by osteoblasts that generate new bone to maintain healthy homeostasis of bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "dynamic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "osteoblasts", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [170, 181]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [200, 204]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [240, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unique feature of bone underpins its ability to remodel itself to repair damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "feature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "damage", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when a bone defect exceeds a critical non-healable size , external intervention is required to supplement self-healing if the defect is to be bridged .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone defect", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "non-healable size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite recent advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering , repair of such a critical-sized bone defect still remains a challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "tissue engineering", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "bone defect", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal choice is to use autograft .", "entity": [{"entity": "autograft", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , harvesting autograft tissue creates the morbidity associated with a second surgical site .", "entity": [{"entity": "autograft tissue", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The insufficiencies of application of autograft and allograft tissue have led to greater research efforts to identify biomimetic materials and structures that are suitable for skeletal repair without the inherent problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "autograft", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "allograft tissue", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "biomimetic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metals and alloys have a long history of application as bone implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , the use of stainless steels , cobalt based alloys , and titanium and its alloys are well established due to their good biocompatibility , satisfactory mechanical strength and superior corrosion resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "stainless steels", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [132, 148]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [164, 183]}, {"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , implants made of these materials are usually much stiffer than natural bones , leading to stress shielding - a major source for bone resorption and eventual failure of such implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "source", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "bone resorption", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortical bone has elastic moduli ranging from 3 to 30 GPa , while trabecular or cancellous bone has significantly lower elastic moduli of 0.02GPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cortical bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "elastic moduli", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "cancellous bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "elastic moduli", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most current implant materials have much higher moduli than those of bones , e.g. , Ti6Al4V has a modulus of around 110 GPa and CoCrMo alloys have a modulus of around 210 GPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "CoCrMo alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 141]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , to avoid stress shielding at the bone-implant interface , the equivalent Young 's modulus and yield stress have to be adjusted when using these bulk materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "bone-implant interface", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 67]}, {"entity": "yield stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [127, 129]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An effective method is to introduce adjustable porosity or relative density as proposed by Gibson and Ashby for isotropic materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "isotropic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional methods for fabricating open-cell porous metals include liquid state processing , solid state processing , electro-deposition and vapour deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "liquid state", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "solid state processing", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "electro-deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [119, 137]}, {"entity": "vapour deposition", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the shape and size of the pores can be adjusted by changing the parameters of these manufacturing processes , only a randomly organized porous structure can be achievable .", "entity": [{"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [166, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , additive manufacturing technologies can fabricate porous metals with predefined external shape and internal architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [10, 32]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "internal architecture", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metal-based additive manufacturing techniques , such as selective laser melting and electron beam melting , are computer controlled fabrication process based on layer-wise manufacturing principles .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 34]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "electron beam melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 105]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLM and EBM are increasingly used for the fabrication of porous metals with complex architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "architecture", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead of using electron beam as the energy source in EBM , the SLM technology uses laser beam with adjustable wavelength .", "entity": [{"entity": "electron beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "source", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "laser beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "wavelength", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , EBM can only process conductive metals whereas SLM can process polymer or ceramics as well as metal .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , due to more diffuse energy , EBM process has larger minimum feature size , median powder particle size , layer thickness , resolution and surface finish .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "minimum feature size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "powder particle", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "surface finish", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [152, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The robust application of MAM technologies requires extensive material , process and design knowledge , specific to each MAM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAM system behaviour is subject to significant stochastic error and experimental uncertainties , requiring that are necessary to simplify the problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "stochastic error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sources of error include : complex and transient heat transfer phenomena , geometric effects with poorly defined powder thermal properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "transient", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "heat transfer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAM prediction error can lead to excess melt pool temperature , resulting in undesirable microstructure , residual stress , local porosity , and surface roughness .", "entity": [{"entity": "prediction error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "excess melt pool temperature", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 121]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the effects of design decisions on temperature related process defects is critically important to the process control .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "process defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "process control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehensive reviews of AM technologies can be found elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent successes in orthopaedic regenerative medicine have promised an exciting future of AM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "orthopaedic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "medicine", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The world 's first additively manufactured mandible was implanted in a patient by Dr. Jules Poukens and his team in 2012 in Belgium .", "entity": [{"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A full lower jaw implant was coated with hydroxyapatite and implanted in an 83 year old lady .", "entity": [{"entity": "lower jaw implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "coated", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skull reconstructions with AM parts have been performed successfully by using digital design and AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skull reconstructions", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "AM parts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mertens successfully reconstructed a class III defect using AM manufactured titanium implants , which provided both midfacial support and a graft fixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "class III defect", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "titanium implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "midfacial support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "fixture", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jardini in Brazil designed and AM fabricated a customized implant for the surgical reconstruction of a large cranial defect .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "reconstruction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "cranial defect", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical design and application approaches of porous metallic implants normally include the design of scaffold , AM and post-processing as illustrated in 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 134]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review aims to identify the current status and the future directions of design-oriented AM technology in producing porous metallic structures for bone tissue repair , with a particular emphasis on topological design of internal architecture of porous metals for bone implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "porous metallic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [120, 146]}, {"entity": "bone tissue repair", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [202, 220]}, {"entity": "internal architecture", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [224, 245]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [249, 262]}, {"entity": "bone implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [267, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Structure and properties of bone 2.1 Structure of bone Bone is a natural composite containing both organic components and inorganic crystalline mineral , as illustrated in 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "organic components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [101, 119]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of bone is similar to reinforced concrete that is used in the building industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "reinforced", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "concrete", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "building industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The function of HA crystals and collagen molecules are like the steel rod and cement to concrete : one part provides flexibility and the other provides strength and toughness .", "entity": [{"entity": "HA crystals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "collagen molecules", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "rod", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "cement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "concrete", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "flexibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type-I collagen is a triple helix of nm in diameter and nm in length .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "triple helix", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the primary organic components of bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "organic components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other non-collagenous proteins include glycoproteins and bone specific proteoglycans .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycoproteins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "proteoglycans", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic component of bone and is plate-shaped of 50 25 nm in size and 1.5nm thick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HA crystals are oriented in a periodic array in the fibrils , preferentially with their c axis parallel to the collagen fibrils .", "entity": [{"entity": "HA crystals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "fibrils", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "c", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 93]}, {"entity": "collagen fibrils", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "% of the dry bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone has a hierarchical structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hierarchical structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hierarchical levels of bone include macroscale , microscale , sub-microscale , nanoscale , and sub-nanoscale .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "macroscale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "microscale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "sub-microscale", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "sub-nanoscale", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The macroscale level represents the overall shape of the bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "macroscale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone can be classified as compact bone , and trabecular bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compact bone is almost solid , with only spaces for osteocytes , canaliculi , blood vessels , and erosion cavities etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Compact", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "osteocytes", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "canaliculi", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are large spaces in trabecular bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pores in trabecular bone are filled with bone marrow , and the porosity varies between 50 and 90 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building block of compact bone is the osteons , which are of the size ranging from 10 to 500 whereas the trabecular bone is made of a porous network of trabeculae .", "entity": [{"entity": "compact", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "osteons", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "trabeculae", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the micron- and nano-scales , aggregated type-I collagen and HA form the collagen fibril .", "entity": [{"entity": "nano-scales", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "collagen fibril", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reinforced collagen fibre is a universal building element for both compact and trabecular bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "reinforced collagen fibre", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "element", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "compact and trabecular bones", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [71, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.2 Mechanical properties of bone Mechanical properties of bone vary significantly with age , anatomical site and bone quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the various biomechanical properties of bone , elastic modulus has attracted the most research interest because of its critical importance for characterizing various bone pathologies and guiding artificial implant design .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomechanical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [172, 176]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [212, 219]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [220, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elastic modulus and strength of bone are anisotropic .", "entity": [{"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compact bone is both stronger and stiffer when loaded longitudinally along the diaphyseal axis than the radial transverse directions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Compact", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "diaphyseal axis", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trabecular bone is an anisotropic and porous composite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "porous composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like many biological materials , trabecular bone displays time-dependent behaviour as well as damage susceptibility during cyclic loading .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "susceptibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "cyclic loading", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanical properties of trabecular bone depend on not only the porosity , but also the architectural arrangement of the individual trabeculae .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "trabecular bone", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "trabeculae", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physical and mechanical properties of human bone are summarized in 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.3 Requirements for the design of orthopaedic implants A successful porous metallic implant would restore the function of bone and promote regeneration of bone tissue at the damaged site .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [69, 92]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 152]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ideal bone scaffold should possess the following characteristics : biocompatibility ; suitable surface for cell attachment , proliferation and differentiation ; highly porous with an interconnected pore network for cell ingrowth and transport of nutrients and metabolic waste ; mechanical properties to match the requirements of the surrounding tissues to reduce or eliminate stress shielding , and to meet anatomic loading requirements to avoid mechanical failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone scaffold", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "cell attachment", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [171, 177]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [201, 205]}, {"entity": "cell ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [218, 231]}, {"entity": "transport", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [236, 245]}, {"entity": "metabolic waste", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [263, 278]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [281, 302]}, {"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [379, 395]}, {"entity": "mechanical failure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [449, 467]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous metals are implanted to repair bone defects of critical size and , in most cases , serve as load-bearing devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "bone defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone is usually anisotropic with different stiffness and strength in different directions , but normally there are no extremely weak directions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , suitable porous metals will approximate the stiffness of surrounding bones , making them effective for load transfer and alleviating the stress shielding effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [149, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key characteristics to design porous metallic implants include the careful selection of porosity , pore size , and pore interconnectivity , aiming to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structural features have a profound effect on mechanical properties and biological performance of the metallic implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone regeneration in porous implants in vivo involves recruitment and penetration of cells from the surrounding bone tissue and vascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bone regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "porous implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "penetration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "vascularization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher porosity may facilitate these processes and benefit the bone ingrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , more bone ingrowth was found in porous titanium coatings of higher porosity after the implants were placed into a canine model for 8 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "coatings", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "canine model", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [129, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , bone ingrowth was shown to be deeper and greater in porous polymer scaffolds of higher porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of pore size on the bone ingrowth is still controversial in literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal pore size for mineralized bone ingrowth is claimed to be 100in the research by Itala .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They implanted triangle-shaped titanium implants of different plate thickness with pore size ranging from 50 to 125 into rabbit femur and found that there was no clear lower limit of pore size for consistent bone ingrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "titanium implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [183, 192]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently Braem assessed the feasibility of early bone ingrowth into a predominantly microporous Ti coating in the compact bone of rabbit tibiae and found that new bone formed in micropores of less than 10 Large pores are believed to favour vascularization .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "microporous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "compact", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 188]}, {"entity": "vascularization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [240, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bai suggested an upper limit of pore size for vascularization , 400 beyond which no significant difference was observed with increasing pore size .", "entity": [{"entity": "limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "vascularization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuboki found that , when the pore size ranged from 300 to 400 the implantation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds into rats showed higher alkaline phosphates activity , osteocalcin content and bone ingrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "implantation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [82, 113]}, {"entity": "alkaline phosphates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 157]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Naoya implanted 300 600 and 900 AM manufactured porous Ti scaffolds into rabbit tibia and they found 600 and 900 scaffolds demonstrated significantly higher bone ingrowth than 300 scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "tibia", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [167, 180]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to vascularization , specific surface area of scaffolds is another essential factor with respect to fixation ability .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascularization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scaffolds with smaller pores are considered to have larger surface area and therefore more space for bone tissue ingrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "bone tissue ingrowth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another important feature of bone implants is the permeability of the porous metal since the transportation of cells , nutrients and growth factors require the flow of blood through the porous scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "feature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "bone implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "porous metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "porous scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [186, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In simple terms , permeability is characterised by using gradient pressure to push liquid through porous material .", "entity": [{"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "pressure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "porous material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhang stated that permeability may influence vascular invasion and the supply of nutrients required to sustain cell growth and may also provide an outlet for the removal of cell debris , thereby increasing its osteoconductive potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "vascular invasion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "cell growth", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "cell debris", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [173, 184]}, {"entity": "osteoconductive potential", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [210, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High permeability of titanium implants enhances the osseointegration process .", "entity": [{"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "titanium implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research on the effect of permeability of porous metallic implants is in demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [50, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , porosity , pore size and pore interconnectivity are key factors that will significantly influence the mechanical properties and biological performance of scaffolds such as bone ingrowth and transportation of cells and nutrients .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "biological performance of scaffolds", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 176]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [182, 184]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [221, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , increasing the porosity may enhance the biological processes , but it can decrease the stiffness and strength drastically .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "biological processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , finding the optimal topologies for scaffolds is of critical importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , conventional CAD-based design techniques are inefficient and usually fail to obtain the optimal scaffold design because a prohibitively large number of trials would be required in order to achieve a balanced performance , e.g. , desirable stiffness and good permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD-based design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [218, 229]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [249, 258]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [268, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , topology optimization techniques are capable of quickly finding the optimal topologies which satisfy multiple objectives and constraints simultaneously to provide site-specific biological performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [206, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Topological design of porous metallic structures for orthopaedic implants 3.1 Porous metallic implants and topology optimization techniques As mentioned previously , bone is a 3D inhomogeneous structure with elaborate features from macro-to nano-scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 20]}, {"entity": "porous metallic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "Porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [80, 104]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "3D inhomogeneous structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [178, 204]}, {"entity": "nano-scales", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [243, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While it is impossible , and perhaps unnecessary , to recreate all details of natural bone in the porous metallic implant , ideally the implant should have similar hierarchical configurations on multiple scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [98, 121]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is essential that the implant should possess properties similar to the host bone and the ambient tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "host bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "ambient tissue", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This calls for a well-established design methodology integrating structural stiffness with fluid permeability to allow the implant to have both adequate rigidity to resist the physical loading and sufficient permeability to transfer cells , nutrients , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "fluid permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [208, 220]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [233, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fully solid metals , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a stiffness mismatch is regarded as one of the most significant problems in implant design as the resulting stress shielding would often lead to implantation failures .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "implantation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , porous metals were used in orthopaedic surgeries to replace damaged bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "damaged bones", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous scaffolds are geometrically similar to natural hard tissues which are composed of constituting materials penetrated by interconnected pores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous metals can be designed to duplicate the properties of bones if their structures could be designed digitally and fabricated using advanced manufacturing technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "manufacturing technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional porous scaffolds typically consist of a vast number of randomly shaped pores in different sizes and therefore it is almost impossible to quantitatively analyse their properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "quantitatively", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 164]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain a simplified model , researchers usually assume that scaffolds are constructed of periodically-repeating unit cells along all directions and the architecture of the micro unit cells can distinctly define the macro properties of the scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "architecture", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "micro unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "macro", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [218, 223]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [242, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical traditional design strategies of periodic bone scaffolds include Computer Aided Design , image-based design and implicit surfaces , as illustrated in 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "bone scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Computer Aided Design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "implicit surfaces", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAD-based design are obtained by using various CAD tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD-based design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer-aided system for tissue scaffolds is a further development based on these scaffold libraries , aiming to efficiently automate the entire design process for desired topologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bio-inspired design is an alternative to improve the mechanical performance of bone scaffolds and enrich the scaffold library .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bio-inspired design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "bone scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other CAD-based approaches may also be used in designing scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Image-based design , as proposed by Hollister , is based on Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Image data for reconstruction of a defect .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Computed Tomography", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "Magnetic Resonance Image data", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [83, 112]}, {"entity": "reconstruction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It uses Boolean combination of defect image and architecture image to create 3D scaffold image .", "entity": [{"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "architecture", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "image", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implicit surface modelling uses single mathematical equations to freely introduce pore shapes such as triply periodic minimal surfaces , which is highly flexible in designing scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Implicit surface", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "mathematical equations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAD-based randomization approach starts from cell elements to fill a specific volume in computer software , where standard cell elements are usually packaged while new cell elements can also be created .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD-based randomization", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "cell elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "specific volume", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "cell elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "cell elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [168, 181]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [191, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method can effectively imitate real bones by the randomization process , thus promoting the bone attachment and bone cell in-growth , as well as increasing the damage tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "bone attachment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "bone cell", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "damage tolerance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the aforementioned methods enable scaffolds to obtain desirable stiffness and permeability , these approaches demand a vast number of attempts to achieve anticipated properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the main challenges in the application of porous scaffolds to orthopaedic implants is the adaptation of their mechanical and biomedical properties to those of natural bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "biomedical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [132, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implanted scaffolds are placed in a complex environment and their performance is affected by many factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of them such as high permeability and good stiffness are competing with each other since a larger pore size is obtained usually at the cost of a lower mechanical strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , to increase the mass transfer , while retaining a strong supporting framework , there is a need to maintain a delicate trade-off between the porosity of the fabricated scaffold and its strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [193, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topology optimization a mathematical method capable of rearranging the materials to attain desired properties while satisfying prescribed constraints can complement the trial-and-error approach and provide a powerful tool to design complex scaffolds with features on multiple scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "mathematical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "trial-and-error", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [169, 184]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [225, 231]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [240, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a branch of computational mechanics and was originally developed in structural engineering .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural engineering", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been widely used for designing structures and materials for desirable mechanical performance and physical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "physical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through two decades of development , this method has gone far beyond the traditional structural engineering context .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural engineering", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , there are two ways to define a structure in topology optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is a point-by-point description in which a void or a solid phase in a local element is represented by an elemental density .", "entity": [{"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "local element", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Evolutionary Structural Optimization and the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization methods use this type of description and have gained considerable success in solving a wide range of engineering optimization problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Structural Optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "Isotropic Material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [184, 189]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [193, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the field of computational material design , the topology optimization approach is termed as an homogenizationmethod because the homogenization method is used to calculate the effective properties of a unit cell and the material distribution is rearranged through topology optimization to enable the material to attain target properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "homogenization method", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [132, 153]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [189, 199]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [205, 214]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [223, 231]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [232, 244]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [267, 288]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [303, 311]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [329, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seminal work of inverse homogenization was conducted by Sigmund in the 1990s for the design of materials with prescribed elastic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , great achievements were obtained in the design of exceptional material properties including negative thermal expansion coefficient and negative refraction index .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "thermal expansion coefficient", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [114, 143]}, {"entity": "refraction index", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [157, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , this method was extended to the design of scaffold materials with their stiffness matrices matching those of anisotropic native bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "stiffness matrices", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using the SIMP based structural optimization , Guest and Prevost developed a topology optimization technique to find a scaffold with pores in the shape of a Schwartz primitive structure , resulting in the maximum permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 47]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Schwartz primitive structure", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [160, 188]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [216, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also combined bulk modulus and permeability in a single objective function and tailored these two competing properties in a multi-physics optimization problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "bulk modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a similar density-based optimization method , scaffolds with elastic tensors similar to those of natural bones were designed ; and the performance of these scaffolds in subsequent tissue ingrowth was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "elastic tensors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that bone remodeling is at its best when the scaffold elastic tensor matches or is slightly higher than the elastic properties of the host bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "elastic tensor", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "host bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last row in 3 shows the porous structures with the maximum bulk and shear moduli , respectively , at a given porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "shear moduli", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These unit cells were obtained using the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization method , which shows faster convergence and unambiguous material definition .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "Structural Optimization method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BESO method , which allows the material to be added and removed simultaneously during the optimization process , is an extension of the original evolutionary ESO method proposed by Xie and Steven .", "entity": [{"entity": "BESO method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown in 3 on topology optimization , various unit cells with maximal bulk modulus , maximal shear modulus , prescribed stiffness ratios in three directions , and functionally graded structures can be obtained through the BESO method .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "bulk modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "shear modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "functionally graded structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [166, 196]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [201, 203]}, {"entity": "BESO method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [225, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second class of topology optimization methods , represented by the level-set algorithm , focus on tracking phase boundaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "algorithm", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "phase boundaries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level-set method provides an effective technique to represent smooth boundaries and to control topology changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variational level-set technique for periodic material design problems governed by Navierand Maxwell 's equations was developed to attain material with maximal permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Level-set topology optimization enables the no-slip boundary condition of fluids in Stokes flow to be naturally satisfied .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [10, 31]}, {"entity": "boundary condition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "fluids", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periodic structures of scaffolds with the maximal effective diffusivity aimed at providing an ideal environment for nutrient transportation were studied by a level-set based optimization method .", "entity": [{"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "diffusivity", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have been tremendous advances in recent years in the area of using topology optimization techniques to design multi-functional materials with periodic structures , as shown in a comprehensive review by Cadman .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of these developments are directly related to the design of scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both stiffness and diffusive transport properties were considered by Hollister and Challis .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "transport", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using topology optimization , Hollister and co-workers also created an interbody fusion cage for improved arthrodesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [6, 27]}, {"entity": "fusion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "arthrodesis", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The outcomes of their research were used in clinic to support bone regeneration for craniofacial reconstruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "clinic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "bone regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "craniofacial reconstruction", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.2 Constraints in structural design for additive manufacturing Although AM can theoretically produce structures in any shape , the quality of the structures may vary significantly depending on the design and fabrication parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [198, 204]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [209, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is necessary to consider the processability of the designed parts during the topological design process , including the constraints and limitations of AM technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is still limited research on creating design guidelines to achieve this goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kranz experimentally investigated the restrictions of Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V and presented a comprehensive structured catalogue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser Additive Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [54, 82]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their research , restrictions and recommendations were presented based on experimental measurements of different characteristics such as cavities , walls , bores , gap , hollow cylinder , overhangs and support structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "overhangs", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [191, 200]}, {"entity": "support structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [205, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also found that the quality of AM parts was highly dependent on the materials , machines and process parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "AM parts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "machines", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , similar guidelines could be achieved through similar methodology on different material systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "methodology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among many parameters , frequently discussed one includes overhanging structures , which may lead to some undesirable defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "overhanging structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an AM process , the overhanging structure is not supported by solidified section or bottom substrate when it is being built .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "overhanging structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the overhanging structure is strongly influenced by the orientation of building - ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "overhanging structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the critical fabrication angle is of great importance since it determines the form of overhanging structure , hence the processability .", "entity": [{"entity": "critical fabrication angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "overhanging structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 shows the sketch of a circular pore with overhanging arc AB , which can be processable if the fabrication angle were larger than the critical value c. Otherwise , supporting structures have to be used , which are normally avoided to prevent damage of parts in post-processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "overhanging arc", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "AB", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [195, 197]}, {"entity": "damage", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [243, 249]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [262, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A better choice in design is to adopt structures with special geometrical arrangement such as an octahedral lattice , whose lateral schematic is shown in 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the downward sloping surface CD has a larger fabrication angle than the critical angle c , no supporting structures are required .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "critical angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "c", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were also attempts to design structures so that they could be fabricated using AM without support .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach is interesting and useful , but may not be generally applicable to scaffold designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other researchers examined the suitability of using SIMP and BESO topology optimization algorithms to design structures for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "BESO topology optimization algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 98]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Current status of AM and topology optimization in producing porous metallic structures AM technologies are superior to conventional fabrication techniques for producing porous metallic implants with complex and customized structures , as shown in 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "porous metallic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [62, 88]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [171, 195]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [237, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the geometric flexibility , composites with two or more phases can be manufactured .", "entity": [{"entity": "flexibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These advantages enable AM to become a promising tool for the production of biomedical implant devices , controlled drug delivery systems , and engineered tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "biomedical implant devices", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [76, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include artificial joints and load-bearing implants produced by AM using biocompatible materials such as hydroxyapatite , Ti , Ta and Coalloys and customized prostheses such as intervertebral spacers .", "entity": [{"entity": "artificial joints", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "load-bearing", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "biocompatible materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [131, 133]}, {"entity": "Ta", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been growing research interest in using topology optimization to design bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants , however significant challenges still remain before these concepts could be used in clinical practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "bone scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "clinical practice", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [207, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An important issue that may not be neglected when applying topology optimization to scaffold design is to consider the differences in physical , chemical and mechanical properties of base materials produced by AM and conventional fabrication techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 179]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [210, 212]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [230, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material property in AM process may greatly affect the final topological shape of scaffold , which may differ from the original CAD model obtained from topology optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "material property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [156, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , good understanding of the change in mechanical properties in AM process may assist more accurate optimal design in topology optimization procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This section will review the status of research on AM fabrication of three main families of alloys and the application of topology optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.1 Biocompatible Ti alloys Metals in biological systems may experience corrosion and release ions , which may result in many adverse physiological effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biocompatible Ti alloys Metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "biological systems", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "corrosion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the biocompatibility of any implant must be quantified to decrease the patient 's risk and the failure of the implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "implantation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxicity of typical surgical implant alloys and pure metals have been broadly studied in the past decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytotoxicity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "pure metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now commonly accepted that vanadium may cause sterile abscess and aluminium may cause scar tissue , whereas titanium , zirconium , niobium and tantalum exhibit excellent biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "vanadium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "sterile abscess", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "scar tissue", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "zirconium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "niobium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "tantalum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [176, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another important motivation behind the design of biocompatible Ti alloys is the opportunity to decrease the modulus of Ti alloys by adding elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "biocompatible Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 73]}, {"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As mentioned above , the elements should be biocompatible .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various Ti alloys composed of low modulus biocompatible elements were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "biocompatible elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [42, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alloys exhibited lower modulus than the commonly used Ti6Al4V .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One example is Ti13Nb13Zr , which showed improved bone biocompatibility and a modulus of 79 GPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti13Nb13Zr", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other Ti alloys which exhibited lower modulus included Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr and Ti35Nb5Ta7Zr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "Ti35Nb5Ta7Zr", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , AM produced porous Ti alloy scaffolds were widely reported with Ti6Al4V in dominance , such as the Ti6Al4V implants in sheep cervical spine in 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "porous Ti alloy scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 55]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "cervical spine", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ryan combined the multi-stage AM technology with the powder metallurgy process to produce porous Ti alloy scaffolds using wax templates generated by CAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "powder metallurgy", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "porous Ti alloy scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [90, 115]}, {"entity": "wax", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pore size of their designs ranged from 200 to 400 and the porosity reached 66.8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method could achieve controlled porous structure and ensure high resolution in manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "high resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting microstructure and surface roughness were similar to parts manufactured by conventional methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method could also be extended to the fabrication of other metallic structures which are difficult to be directly made by AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "metallic structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murr manufactured different porous Ti6Al4V implants using AM based on micro-CT scan and CAD models built by Materialise software .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "micro-CT scan", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "CAD models", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They studied the influence of geometric features of unit cells on the mechanical properties of the porous structures and found that when the porosity changed from 59 % to 88 % , the elastic modulus decreased from 3.03 to 0.58 GPa , which proved that the elastic modulus of porous metals could be readily adjusted through the porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [141, 149]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [182, 197]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [254, 269]}, {"entity": "porous metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [273, 286]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [293, 295]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [325, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly Pattanyak studied porous Ti implants based on micro-CT scan on human cancellous bones , which focused on structures with complicated internal structures for bone ingrowth applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "micro-CT scan", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "cancellous bones", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "internal structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [143, 162]}, {"entity": "bone ingrowth applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [167, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implants were manufactured via SLM using Ti powder of less than 45 in size .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Ti powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They found that the compressive strength decreased from 120 to 35 MPa when the porosity changed from 55 % to 75 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 40]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hollander produced a variety of Ti6Al4V implants , ranging from porous cylinder to solid human vertebra model with irregular shapes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous Ti6Al4V structures were shown to be effective in supporting cell growth and new bone tissue growth , and cell based study suggested that Ti6Al4V possesses high cyto-biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous Ti6Al4V structures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "cell growth", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "bone tissue growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 105]}, {"entity": "cell based study", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "cyto-biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [167, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro studies were performed with porous Ti6Al4V structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous Ti6Al4V structures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell spreading and proliferation were observed across the entire surface and inside the porous structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds were found performing well in animal models since induced new bone growth and osseointegration were achieved on both bare and surface-coated porous Ti6Al4V structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "bone growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "surface-coated porous Ti6Al4V structures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [151, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although porous Ti6Al4V had been widely studied , the potential release of toxic ions led researchers towards looking for safer alternative alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , Ti alloys such as Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn , Ti7.5Mo and Ti40Nb were designed and fabricated by AM , which exhibited comparable mechanical properties to their counterparts by conventional manufacturing approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "Ti40Nb", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 149]}, {"entity": "conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [175, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was significant research interest in using topology optimization for the design of porous Ti alloy scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "porous Ti alloy scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While early works mainly focused on the theoretical consideration of the structural design of the unit cells , recent efforts put more emphasis on integrating topology optimization with AM , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "theoretical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "structural design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [159, 180]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [186, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Refs.. 4.2 Shape memory alloys Shape Memory Alloys are capable of regaining their original shape after severe deformations when stimulated by external environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shape memory alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "Alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "deformations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to this unique property , SMAs have found their way in orthopaedic implant applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "SMAs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "orthopaedic implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical SMAs include NiTi or nitinol which normally contains approximately 50 at % Ni and 50 at % Ti .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMAs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "nitinol", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shape memory effect in NiTi comes from the austenite/martensite phase transformation since martensite is a low temperature stable phase with the absence of stress whereas austenite is a high temperature stable phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "shape memory effect", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "austenite/martensite phase transformation", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 88]}, {"entity": "martensite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "temperature stable phase", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 139]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "austenite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 184]}, {"entity": "temperature stable phase", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [195, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , more than 90 % of all commercial SMAs are based on NiTi and its ternary alloys - NiTiCu and NiTiNb .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMAs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "ternary alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "NiTiNb", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid NiTi has a modulus of 48 GPa , which is much lower than other Ti alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "GPa", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , NiTi allows for relatively large reversible deformation of up to 8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NiTi has higher stiffness than bone under tendon , and is able to deform over a large strain range at an almost constant stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "tendon", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to these characteristics , NiTi has been widely used in medical devices , such as surgical tools , stents , orthodontic wires , plates and staples for bone fractures .", "entity": [{"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "medical devices", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "stents", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "orthodontic", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "bone fractures", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [155, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Main attractive features of SMAs are : capability to recover the original shape after large deformation , capability to recover the original shape from a stable deformed shape when heated and a high damping capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMAs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "deformed shape", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 175]}, {"entity": "capacity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For biomedical applications , the presence of Ni in NiTi has been a continuous concern since Ni is one of the highest sensitivities in metallic allergy tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomedical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "sensitivities", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , attempts were made either to develop surface modification techniques or to use substitution elements to mitigate this effect without sacrificing the biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , TiNb and the related TiNbX system were developed which exhibited elastic strains as high as 4.2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiNb", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common methods for making porous NiTi structures are based on powder metallurgy and self-propagating high temperature synthesis of a mixture of elemental powders or pre-alloyed NiTi powder with space holding materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "powder metallurgy", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After removing space holding materials at relatively low temperature , the structures are further sintered at high temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to high reactivity of Ti and Ni , the sintering of porous structures is normally done in high vacuum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these methods have difficulties in precisely controlling the porous structures of NiTi , i.e. , pore size and pore shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome this problem , AM technologies such as SLM have been used to produce NiTi implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was shown that AM produced NiTi parts exhibited similar mechanical properties as those fabricated by conventional methods such as casting .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "NiTi", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrary to the substantial research on Ti alloys , no reports on the application of topology optimization in the design of SMA scaffolds involving AM fabrication can be found in the literature up to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [88, 109]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "SMA scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.3 Biodegradable metals Biodegradable materials , including both polymer-based and metal-based ones , are used for some medical implants which will gradually degrade in human body over a period of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biodegradable metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "Biodegradable materials", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "medical implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [121, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some clinical cases , biomaterials are only needed temporarily in the body and are expected to support the healing process and to disappear after the healing process is completed .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 shows a biodegradable Mg stent after expansion .", "entity": [{"entity": "biodegradable Mg stent", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to polymer-based materials , biodegradable metals have higher stiffness and strength , and are more suitable for load bearing conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "biodegradable metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 58]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the degradable alloys are expected to degrade inside human body , the main compositions of the alloys should be metallic elements that can be metabolized , and demonstrate appropriate degradation rates in the human body .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "degradable alloys", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "degradation rates", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [187, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to its unique characteristics , Mg alloys were used to manufacture cardiovascular stents and bone screws .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular stents", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "bone screws", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degradable magnesium alloy bone screws were found clinically equivalent to the conventional Ti screws ; and no foreign body reaction , osteolysis , or systemic inflammatory reaction were observed for the Mg alloy screws .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "bone screws", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "osteolysis", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "Mg alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key parameter that needs to be considered in designing a biodegradable metallic implant is its degradation rate in human body .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "biodegradable metallic implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 89]}, {"entity": "degradation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pure Mg is known to have a fast degradation in high chloride physiological environment but it may produce hydrogen gas at a high rate from corrosion , which can not be dealt with by the host tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pure Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "degradation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "corrosion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fe-based biodegradable materials are known to exhibit a slow degradation rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "biodegradable materials", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "degradation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal tests showed that large portions of the pure Fe stent remained intact in the blood vessels 12 months post-surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "blood vessels", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alloying is a typical method to adjust the degradation rate of a metal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alloying", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "degradation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , by adding elements such as Y , Sr , Zn , Zr and Ca , Mg alloys were shown to have much lower degradation rates in comparison with pure Mg .", "entity": [{"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Sr", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Zr", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "Mg alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "degradation rates", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "pure Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such alloys also exhibited high strength , which is desirable for load-bearing applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "load-bearing", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to alloying , amorphous structures like metallic glass alloys MgZnCa showed low degradation rate and high strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloying", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "amorphous structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "metallic glass alloys MgZnCa", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 80]}, {"entity": "degradation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , metallic glass alloys are generally difficult to manufacture , which would add the cost to the application of this type of material .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallic glass", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous Mg alloy implants were investigated as temporary bone replacements in an animal model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Mg alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were shown to be able to enhance bone remodelling and appropriate host response .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "bone remodelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , porous Mg alloys degrade too rapidly in vivo , which may leave subcutaneous gas cavities .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Mg alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "subcutaneous", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since an open porous implant has large surface area , only alloys with slow degradation rate should be considered for making the porous structure , e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "surface area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "degradation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mg-4 wt. % Y .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The element yttrium helps promote grain refinement , thus resulting in a slow degradation and sufficient cyto-compatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "element", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "degradation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "cyto-compatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [105, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nguyen manufactured porous Mg alloys using SLM and suggested that the dimension , surface morphology and the oxygen pick-up of the laser-melted Mg were strongly dependent on the laser processing parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Mg alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "dimension", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "surface morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "laser processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the high evaporation rate at elevated temperatures , few attempts were made to fabricate Mg scaffolds directly using AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "evaporation rate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , a technique combining 3D printing and gravity casting was shown to be effective in producing topologically-ordered porous Mg structures , where a porous NaCl mould was created using SLM and then Mg alloy was cast into the mould .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "casting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "mould", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [192, 195]}, {"entity": "Mg alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [205, 213]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [218, 222]}, {"entity": "mould", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [232, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After removing the NaCl , porous Mg structure with porosity of 41 % and pore size of 1 mm was obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compressive strength of the porous Mg was reported to be 13 MPa , which is comparable to porous Mg produced by powder metallurgy .", "entity": [{"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "powder metallurgy", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review on porous biodegradable metals for hard tissue scaffolds can be found in Ref.. A theoretical study of topological design of polymeric scaffolds considering the effect of biodegradation was conducted by Chen .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "biodegradable metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 39]}, {"entity": "hard tissue scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "theoretical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "polymeric scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [133, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No reports on the application of topology optimization in the design of biodegradable metallic scaffolds involving AM fabrication have appeared in the literature so far .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "biodegradable metallic scaffolds", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [72, 104]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Heat-treatment and surface modification of porous metallic structures produced by AM 5.1 Heat-treatment The mechanical properties of AM produced materials depend heavily on the processing parameters , including building layer thickness , scan speed , energy density and focal offset distance .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "porous metallic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 71]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 131]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [135, 137]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "building layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [213, 237]}, {"entity": "scan speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [240, 250]}, {"entity": "energy density", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [253, 267]}, {"entity": "focal offset distance", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [272, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually AM produced materials have relatively high yield stress and ultimate tensile strength , but a relatively low ductility .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "yield stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 93]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to improve the mechanical properties of AM produced porous biomaterials so that they can mimic the human tissues and fulfil the desired functions , post-treatment is of critical importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 45]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "mimic", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "post-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [157, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is known that the microstructures of aB-built materials by AM are very different from those by traditional casting or forging approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "casting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "forging", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM is a layer-wise build-up process with high cooling rates that lead to significant internal thermal stresses in the structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "cooling rates", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "thermal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the building process , the scanning by either a laser or an electron beam may cause the instabilities of the melt pool , resulting in increased porosity and high surface roughness .", "entity": [{"entity": "building process", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "scanning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "electron beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "melt pool", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [169, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The post-treatment process also enables the reduction of thermal stresses in AM produced structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "thermal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Ti6Al4V , post heat-treatment is typically performed within the + region , which can control the morphology and size of the without significantly influencing the prior-grain size .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "post heat-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 33]}, {"entity": "morphology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A proper heat-treatment process may substantially improve the mechanical properties of AM produced materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 83]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thone observed significant improvement in ductility and fatigue strength after heat-treatment of SLM produced Ti6Al4V .", "entity": [{"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "fatigue strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They revealed that the tensile strength of heat-treated Ti6Al4V slightly decreased from 1080 MPa to 945 MPa but the elongation at failure increased significantly from 1.6 % to 11.6 % , along with remarkably prolonged fatigue life of parts from 28,900 to 290,000 cycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "heat-treated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "fatigue life", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improvements in the mechanical properties after post heat-treatment are mainly due to the elimination of thermal stresses and the changes of microstructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 45]}, {"entity": "post heat-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 71]}, {"entity": "thermal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , an adequate selection of AM processing variables can facilitate in-situ heat treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "in-situ heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microstructure of Ti6Al4V made by SLM is often dominated by martensite due to rapid cooling , which can be decomposed to lamellar + structure during SLM process by tuning the processing variables .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "martensite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "lamellar", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the optimization of processing conditions , Xu produced Ti6Al4V with comparable or better mechanical properties than forged Ti6Al4V .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 117]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.2 Surface modification Surface modification plays an important role in enhancing the biological performance of AM produced porous biomaterials , particularly bioactivity and biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "Surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "biological performance of AM", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 115]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [176, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ti alloys are normally covered by one layer of 3nm thick native oxide , namely TiO2 , which provides excellent chemical inertness , corrosion resistance and biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "chemical inertness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [157, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the human body , Ti alloy implants may experience non-specific protein adsorption and interrogation of neutrophils and macrophages , which may attract fibroblasts to an encapsulation process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloy implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "adsorption", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "encapsulation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To ensure an effective biological bond between Ti alloy implants and surrounding bones , surface modification is essential to improve the conductivity of bones or the bioactivity of titanium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti alloy implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface morphology of Ti alloy implants depends on the history of material processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Ti alloy implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For AM produced porous Ti alloys , powders tend to become small liquid spheres when heated up by laser or electron beams .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "electron beams", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a effect is a complex metallurgical process that leads to a rough surface and residual powder particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallurgical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "residual powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These loosely connected powder particles can be removed through blasting or other post-processing methods before implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder particles", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "implantation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface modification or activation of Ti surface can be achieved by various techniques such as plasma spray , physical or chemical vapour deposition , ion implantation , electrochemical oxidation , acidic or alkali etching , solheat-treatment , and surface machining or grinding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "vapour deposition", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "ion implantation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 167]}, {"entity": "electrochemical oxidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [170, 195]}, {"entity": "etching", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [215, 222]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [249, 256]}, {"entity": "machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [257, 266]}, {"entity": "grinding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [270, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For porous metallic structures , there are two main approaches , based on surface coating and surface corrosion .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous metallic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "corrosion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A popular coating-based method is solprocess , which is a simple yet versatile method for creating oxide coatings at relatively low temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "oxide coatings", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For implants with a complex topology , dip coating is normally used .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "dip coating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solprocess may deposit thin inorganic coatings .", "entity": [{"entity": "coatings", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical composition and microstructures of the coating can be better controlled by the solprocess than by other methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "chemical composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brie used solto form a bioceramic coating on porous Ti6Al7Nb implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "bioceramic coating", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coating uniformly covered the external and internal surfaces of the implants ; and the coated porous structures exhibited improved biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "coated", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [135, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other methods include electrolytic deposition and plasma spray .", "entity": [{"entity": "electrolytic deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "plasma spray", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ED can produce CaP coatings having a thickness of a few microns to several hundred microns , which can be controlled by applying appropriate current density and processing time .", "entity": [{"entity": "ED", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "CaP coatings", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may also assist to control the surface morphology of CaP coatings from needle-like to plate-like structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "CaP coatings", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coating through ED can produce uniformly and fully covered surface , which makes it suitable for functionalizing porous structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ED", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chai found that the bioactivity of the CaP coated Ti6Al4V scaffold to ) was significantly improved and it was possible to produce osteoinductive for the repair of bone defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "coated", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "osteoinductive", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "bone defects", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corrosion-based surface treatment involves interfacial chemical reactions of structures in corrosive solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "interfacial chemical reactions", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "corrosive solution", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such chemical processes include alkali treatment , acid etching and anodization treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "alkali treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "acid etching", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "anodization treatments", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 to show the surface morphology of scaffold before and after HCl etching treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "etching", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical reaction may produce a thin oxide layer on the surface of the metal , usually resulting in improved bioactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "chemical reaction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thickness of the active layer can be controlled from tens of nanometer to hundreds of microns by adjusting processing variables .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "nanometer", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alkali treatment was initially introduced by Kim to improve the bioactivity of Ti implants owing to a biologically active bone-like apatite layer on Ti surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alkali treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Ti implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "bone-like apatite layer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 151]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anodization is a mature electrochemical process capable of producing protective layers on the metal surface with adjustable surface microstructure and crystal structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anodization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "electrochemical process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 47]}, {"entity": "protective layers", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "surface microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "crystal structure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [151, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Special care should be taken with regard to the possible negative effect on mechanical properties after corrosion-based surface treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "surface treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was reported that alkali treatment might result in the deterioration of mechanical strength of porous Ti alloy scaffolds and also cause the embrittlement of the struts in the scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkali treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "porous Ti alloy scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [98, 123]}, {"entity": "embrittlement", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [178, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 Challenges and future directions Additive manufacturing provides unprecedented opportunities for producing customized medical implants as this technology can fabricate structures of complex external shapes and intricate internal architectures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "medical implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "internal architectures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [222, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topology optimization has become a powerful digital tool for the design of optimal structures and materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "optimal structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The integration of these two technologies sees a promising future in designing and manufacturing biocompatible orthopaedic implants with desired mechanical properties and minimal side effects on patients in clinical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "biocompatible orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [97, 131]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "clinical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [207, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key challenges and future directions in integrating the two technologies are as follows : i ) A comprehensive and reliable database containing detailed information on the mechanical and biological properties of human bones is yet to be established .", "entity": [{"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "database", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [171, 181]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [233, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This database should include properties of bones for different age , gender groups and at different locations .", "entity": [{"entity": "database", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such information is required as the design of the topology optimization process .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "topology optimization process", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [50, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ii ) Sophisticated topology optimization algorithms capable of dealing with multi-functional designs on multiple length scales simultaneously needs to be developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "length scales", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [151, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary studies along this line can be found in Refs.. iii ) Topological design of the lattice structures that can be easily produced by AM and exhibit anisotropic mechanical properties similar to human bones is another promising direction , despite that the fact that there has been extensive research on topology optimization based on continuum models .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 143]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [298, 306]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [310, 331]}, {"entity": "continuum models", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [341, 357]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "iv ) Constraints and limitations of current AM technologies , such as the critical angle of the overhanging structure and the difficulty in removing the supporting structure , should be involved in newly-developed topology optimization algorithms so that the designs could actually be fabricated by AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "critical angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "overhanging structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 117]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [214, 235]}, {"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [236, 246]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [259, 266]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [282, 284]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [299, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "v ) The long-term in vivo material/biological performance of porous metallic implants that are designed through topology optimization techniques and produced by AM needs to be rigorously assessed in order to ascertain the advantages and drawbacks of such implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "v", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [61, 85]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [112, 133]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [173, 175]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [255, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "vi ) Novel alloying systems capable of enhancing the mechanical and biological performance of porous metallic implants are in great demand , together with new post-treatment technologies for improving the bioactivity and biocompatibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloying", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [94, 118]}, {"entity": "post-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "bioactivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [205, 216]}, {"entity": "biocompatibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [221, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 Conclusions In this paper , the current status of the topological design of porous metallic implants and the fabrication of such implants using additive manufacturing is reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "topological design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "porous metallic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [78, 102]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [146, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First the mechanical properties of human bones are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then it is demonstrated that topology optimization is a powerful digital tool that can be used to obtain optimal internal architectures for porous implants which not only satisfy multifunctional requirements but also mimic human bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "internal architectures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 135]}, {"entity": "porous implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "mimic", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [217, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore it is shown that additive manufacturing is the most promising and disruptive technology in the fabrication of porous orthopaedic implants designed through topology optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "porous orthopaedic implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [122, 149]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [167, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further improve the mechanical and biological performance of these structures , both post-treatment and surface modification are necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "post-treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these discussions , challenges and future directions of the integration topology optimization with additive manufacturing are identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review provides useful information to researchers and practitioners who are working in various areas of the truly multidisciplinary topic of bone implant design and fabrication Additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites has transformed AM into a robust manufacturing paradigm and enabled producing highly customized parts with significantly improved mechanical properties , compared to un-reinforced polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "bone implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [170, 181]}, {"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [182, 204]}, {"entity": "polymer-fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [208, 232]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [249, 251]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [266, 279]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [363, 384]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [413, 421]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost all commercially available AM methods could benefit from various fiber reinforcement techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent developments in 3D printing methods of fiber reinforced polymers , namely , fused deposition modeling , laminated object manufacturing , stereolithography , extrusion , and selective laser sintering are reviewed in this study to understand the trends and future directions in the respective areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 71]}, {"entity": "fused deposition modeling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [83, 108]}, {"entity": "laminated object manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 141]}, {"entity": "stereolithography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [144, 161]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [180, 205]}, {"entity": "trends", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [251, 257]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [298, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to extra strength , fibers have also been used in 4D printing to control and manipulate the change of shape or swelling after 3D printing , right out of the printing bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "swelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although AM of fiber/polymer composites are increasingly developing and under intense attention , there are some issues needed to be addressed including void formation , poor adhesion of fibers and matrix , blockage due to filler inclusion , increased curing time , modelling , simulation , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "adhesion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [175, 183]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [187, 193]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [230, 239]}, {"entity": "curing time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [252, 263]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [266, 275]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [278, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing , also known as 3D printing , is defined asa process of adding materials to fabricate objects from three-dimensional models in successive layers , versus traditional subtractive manufacturing methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "three-dimensional models", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [122, 146]}, {"entity": "traditional subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [177, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous novel AM processes have been developed over the span of more than 20years of AM development with applications in aerospace , automotive , biomedical , digital art , architectural design , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "biomedical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "art", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [168, 171]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [188, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been an exponential increase in AM technology in recent years and it continues to grow due to its versatility and low cost for rapid prototyping and manufacturing applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "rapid prototyping", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these features , combined with AMcustomizability to fabricate complex monolithic structures and geometries , with micrometer resolution , helped AM grow to a multibillion-dollar industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "monolithic structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [77, 98]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "micrometer resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [121, 142]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [152, 154]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , the dominant part of the 3D printing industry has immensely relied on single material printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This issue , paired with limited choices of available resins compatible with commercial printers , has severely limited variations in the physical and chemical properties of 3D printed objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "resins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "variations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These limitations have led to development of multi-material printers with partial control on material composition and properties , offering layered composite materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , multiple printing heads have allowed printing blended composites with functional and variable features .", "entity": [{"entity": "printing heads", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D printing of fiber reinforced composites is currently conducted by stereolithography , laminated object manufacturing , fused deposition modeling , selective laser sintering , and extrusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 42]}, {"entity": "stereolithography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "laminated object manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 119]}, {"entity": "fused deposition modeling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 147]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 175]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is one of the hottest topics in the field of additive manufacturing and is under intense attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This also offers significant improvement in mechanical properties , however , it requires a complex procedure to be manufactured and is difficult to be incorporated into processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implementing the traditional methods of composite manufacturing in AM is not practical and new technologies are needed to assist with the development of new AM methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [157, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in development of composite 3D printers have not prevented development in pre-blended materials with fillers such as nanoparticles , carbon nanotubes , fibers and graphene in order to achieve unique characteristics and capabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "3D printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "carbon nanotubes", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 158]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber reinforcement , in particular , appears to be an attractive filler to improve the properties of polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre-blended materials using discontinuous fibers asan additive have been under intense investigation asa suitable alternative to multi-head printers with complex and costly designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These additive based materials exhibit unique characteristics and capabilities , depending on the additive used .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "additive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suitable mechanical , electrical , or thermal properties can be accomplished in an inexpensive manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "electrical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "thermal properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymers , in particular , have been the center of attention due to ease of production and availability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3D printing industry primarily involves polymers in various forms , such as reactive , liquid solutions , and thermoplastic melts .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These benefits , joined by enhancements from fiber reinforcement , offer a favorable combination for future development of AM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , almost all of the existing AM methods can be benefited from fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [74, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although fiber reinforcement in 3D printing sounds promising , there are numerous issues which need to be resolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Namely , the effect of fibers on resolution , agglomerate formation , heterogeneous composite formation , blockage of printer heads , non-adhesion , and increased curing times .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "agglomerate formation", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "heterogeneous composite formation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 103]}, {"entity": "printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "curing times", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reviews recent advances in AM of polymer based fiber reinforced composites and potential methods for modelling and analysis of these 3D printed structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 85]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [144, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latest development and improvement to existing methods will be reviewed in detail , in order to understand the challenges in 3D printing of polymer composites with fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 158]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [164, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D printing of fiber reinforced polymer composites Fiber reinforcement can greatly improve the properties of 3D printed parts with polymer matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 50]}, {"entity": "Fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber orientation and void content of composites are the main concerns in 3D printing of these composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the commercially available 3D printing techniques would benefit from fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this section , all of these techniques for 3D printing of polymer-fiber composites are reviewed in detail to demonstrate their strengths and weaknesses in additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "polymer-fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 85]}, {"entity": "strengths", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [158, 180]}, {"entity": "polymer-fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [184, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These methods are FDM , LOM , SL , extrusion , and SLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.1 Fused deposition modeling FDM is currently the most applied AM technology , according to WohlerReport from Stratasys , Inc. Commercial FDM machines held 41.5 % of the market share , with the total of 15,000 FDM machines sold by the end of 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fused deposition modeling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Stratasys", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key elements of the FDM system include material feed mechanism , liquefier , print head , gantry , and build surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "material feed mechanism", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 66]}, {"entity": "print head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "build surface", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several process parameters are essential in FDM , including bead width , air gap , model build temperature , and raster orientation .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 26]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "bead width", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "raster orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [113, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of raster orientation on tensile and compression test results have been investigated in detail .", "entity": [{"entity": "raster orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "compression test", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temperature distribution during the FDM process can be monitored by IR camera .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "IR", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "camera", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface roughness and cross section shape of the FDM fabricated parts are under intense study .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "cross section", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 and 2 illustrate the bonding mechanism in the FDM of polymer composites along crosB-section of printed parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "bonding mechanism", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several building rules have been proposed to improve the strength and accuracy of the FDM printed parts , such as build parts to ensure tensile loads are carried axially along printed directions , deal with the stress concentration at corners , use negative air gap to increase both strength and stiffness , consider that small bead width leads to extra printing time and better surface quality , be aware the part accuracy affected by the build orientation , and realize that tensile loaded area tends to fail easier than compression loaded area .", "entity": [{"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "tensile loads", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "stress concentration", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [211, 231]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [283, 291]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [296, 305]}, {"entity": "bead width", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [328, 338]}, {"entity": "surface quality", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [379, 394]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [397, 399]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [415, 423]}, {"entity": "build orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [440, 457]}, {"entity": "tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [477, 484]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [492, 496]}, {"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [523, 534]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [542, 546]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , fiber reinforcement in FDM has been very popular amongst researchers .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the efforts have focused on development of filaments with short fiber additives .", "entity": [{"entity": "filaments", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "short fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "additives", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of fibers in filament reduces tape swelling at the printing head during deposition and increases the stiffness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "filament", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "swelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "printing head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene was evaluated by Carneiro , Silva and showed 30 % and 40 % improvement for the modulus and strength , respectively , compared to pure PP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "pure PP", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vapor grown carbon fibers and single wall carbon nanotubes were compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene for the FDM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "single wall carbon nanotubes", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 58]}, {"entity": "acrylonitrile butadiene styrene", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 111]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VGCFs can be easily aligned by the extrusion process .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "extrusion process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tensile strength of 5wt % of VGCFs and SWNTs filled FDM parts increased 18 % and 31 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "SWNTs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the strain to failure of printed parts reinforced with VGCFs and SWNTs was dramatically decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "reinforced", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "SWNTs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABS containing oriented VGCFs and SWNTs exhibited modulus improvements up to 93 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SWNTs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fiber orientation can be observed in 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers with excellent tensile strength , such as ABS and polypropylene , were used in fiber reinforced FDM parts in order to overcome the drawbacks of low aspect ratio of fiber in short fiber filled parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "ABS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "polypropylene", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "aspect ratio", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [189, 201]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "short fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [214, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Processing temperature was one of the important parameters which affects the surface morphology of TLCP and its mechanical behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "surface morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher carbon fiber ratio has a high maximum decomposition temperature , thus providing high thermal stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "maximum decomposition temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [37, 70]}, {"entity": "thermal stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ning , Cong evaluated the effect of weight ratio and length of carbon fiber on physical properties of the FDM samples with ABS matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "physical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 98]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "ABS matrix", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 and 7.5wt % carbon fiber content showed the best improvement in tensile strength and Young 's modulus , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These researchers have also concluded that longer carbon fibers can increase tensile strength and Young 's modulus at the expense of toughness and ductility .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "toughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As described in 4 , with aligned carbon fiber during the FDM process , 30wt % CF-ABS composites exhibited great improvement in strength and Youngmodulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "Youngmodulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These printed CF-ABS parts exhibit specific strength higher than Aluminum .", "entity": [{"entity": "specific strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The triangular channels between beads decreased by incorporating carbon fibers due to the reduced die-swell and increased thermal conductivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "beads", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "thermal conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [122, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , inclusion of carbon fiber into the feedstock caused internal voids inside of the beads responsible for stress concentration , resulting in failure at lower stresses .", "entity": [{"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "feedstock", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "internal voids", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "beads", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "stress concentration", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [113, 133]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be seen in 5 that the FDM samples exhibited significant pore formation , with internal voids , as well as voids formed between the deposited beads during printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "internal voids", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "deposited beads", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous fiber reinforcement is currently one of the biggest challenges researchers face in 3D printing of polymer composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Continuous fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "face", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It offers significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to discontinuous fibers , however , there is still no robust and standard paradigm developed for 3D printing of continuous fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [180, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , Matsuzaki , Ueda developed an innovative technique for in-nozzle impregnation of continuous fiber and thermoplastic matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "impregnation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic matrix", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resin filament and fiber were supplied separately , before heating and mixing in the printing head .", "entity": [{"entity": "resin filament", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "mixing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "printing head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The schematic of this process demonstrating the printing head and continuous fiber integration is presented in 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "printing head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon fibers and twisted yarns of natural jute fibers were used as reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superiority of continuous fiber composites versus short fiber reinforcement and other 3D printing methods can be observed in 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuous fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 42]}, {"entity": "short fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Namiki , Ueda implemented the same technique for printing polyactic acid /carbon fiber composite parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some gaps were reported between PLA filaments , which can be reduced by increasing the resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLA filaments", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tensile strength of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA prepared by FDM , as reported by Li , Li , can reach up to 91MPa , while in the case of short carbon fiber , it is only 68MPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "continuous carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 43]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "short carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weak bonding between PLA and carbon fiber can significantly affect the mechanical properties in this method , however , surface modification of carbon fiber bundle with methylene dichloride and PLA particles improved adhesion and increased tensile and flexural strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 140]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "methylene dichloride", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 189]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "adhesion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [217, 225]}, {"entity": "tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [240, 247]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [252, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 presents the ultimate tensile and flexural strength of pure PLA , carbon fiber-PLA , and modified carbon fiber-PLA .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber-PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber-PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green circles in 8 indicate different phases of the tensile process , namely , loading of the PLA material between fixture and test sample at the beginning of the test and a slight drop of the curve slope due to fiber-matrix interface debonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "PLA material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "fixture", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "interface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marked circles in 8 signify the process of load change from resin to fiber at the beginning of the test .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next circle in 8 shows the plastic elongation of PLA polymer chains that continue to bear load after the failure of carbon fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "plastic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tian , Liu performed a systemic analysis on interface and performance of printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites and the effect of process parameters on the temperature and pressure in the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "interface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "continuous carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "PLA composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 167]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "pressure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 199]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [207, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 shows crosB-section of the tensile bar and continuous fibers in the fracture surface , and 10 demonstrates the capability of this method in 3D printing large curvatures , without losing the continuous fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile bar", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "continuous fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [192, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melenka , Cheung evaluated continuous Kevlar fiber-reinforced 3D printed Nylon structures using commercial desktop printers in order to predict the tensile properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuous Kevlar fiber-reinforced", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "tensile properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [148, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stiffness and ultimate strength showed significant increase with high volume of fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ultimate strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon fibers were placed between layers of 3D printed polymer to improve strength and fatigue life , while thermal treatment was performed to further increase the mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "fatigue life", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "thermal treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [164, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Van Der Klift , Koga showed that increasing the number of carbon fiber layers results in larger void areas , which had negative effect on the tensile strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impregnation of plastics into the fiber bundle could be achieved in the temperature range of 200Layer thickness of 0.4and hatch spacing of about 0.6mm guaranteed bonding strength between lines and layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Impregnation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "plastics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "fiber bundle", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "temperature range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "hatch spacing", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "bonding strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These parameters could achieve maximum flexural strength of 335MPa and flexural modulus of 30GPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.2 Laminated object manufacturing In LOM , which was developed by Helisys of Torrance , CA and shipped in 1991 , 3D parts are manufactured by cutting 2D crosB-sections with a laser or cutter and sequentially laminating the sheets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laminated object manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "Helisys of Torrance", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "CA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "3D parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "cutting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "sheets", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [224, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paper , metals , plastics , fabrics , synthetic materials , and composites are amongst the materials that can be utilized in LOM .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "plastics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "synthetic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymer matrix composites of C-shaped panels were directly fabricated by curved LOM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polymer matrix composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vacuum thermoforming apparatus was applied to bond commercial prepregs .", "entity": [{"entity": "vacuum thermoforming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "prepregs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shear strength of fabricated composites was measured to be approximately 24.8MPa , which was suggested by the authors to be acceptable for normal applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "shear strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LOM process was applied to print 3D parts of unidirectional and continuous glass fibers with 52and epoxy matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "3D parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "unidirectional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "continuous glass fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 91]}, {"entity": "epoxy matrix", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final part and its cross section are presented in 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cross section", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decent interfacial bonding was shown by interlayer microstructures of LOM polymer composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "interfacial bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 26]}, {"entity": "interlayer microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 66]}, {"entity": "LOM polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major issue for the LOM process was the incapability of the heat roller to bring parts to full consolidation and cure .", "entity": [{"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "heat roller", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "cure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is helpful to increase the interface strength and reduce void contents to under 5 % by a post consolidation cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "interface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonmez and Hahn studied heat transfer and stress in LOM to understand the effect of process parameters on the resulting stress and temperature distributions .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat transfer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "distributions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large rollers were more favorable for bonding , due to a less concentrated stress distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "stress distribution", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , a new method called laser assisted AM for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites was developed by researchers at Kansas State University , with the motivation of reducing the waste associated with LOM .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 94]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [222, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors proposed using prepreg tape instead of pre-cut prepreg sheet .", "entity": [{"entity": "prepreg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "prepreg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tape strips were placed layer by layer using a CO2 laser beam and consolidation roller , prior to laser cutting of each layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer by layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "laser cutting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [124, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 demonstrates this process schematically , as well as its tensile properties in comparison with various AM and conventional methods of composite manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "tensile properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "composite manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [137, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method exhibits superior mechanical properties due to continuous fiber reinforcement , high fiber weight ratio , minimized void content , and superior interfacial bonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 89]}, {"entity": "fiber weight ratio", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "minimized void content", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [118, 140]}, {"entity": "interfacial bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.3 Stereolithography The 3D parts fabricated by SL exhibit weak mechanical properties , which hinder their further applications as functional components under loading conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stereolithography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "3D parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 86]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 131]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , adding fibers to the resin can increase the potential of SL in 3D printing functional components .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although continuous fiber is ideal for reinforcement , high weight ratio of short fibers can yield comparable results , however , their efficiency is limited due to fracture during mixing , random orientation , and un-even length .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuous fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "reinforcement", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "short fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "mixing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multi-wall carbon nanotubes with a low weight ratio were mixed in SL resin by mechanical mixing and ultrasonic dispersion .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon nanotubes", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "mechanical mixing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "ultrasonic dispersion", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [100, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tensile strength and fracture strength were increased by 5.7 % and 26 % , respectively , by adding 0.025wt % MWNTs .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon fiber has been successfully applied to reinforce polymers , however , the primary issue for utilizing carbon fiber in SL is that it is opaque to the UV light .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "UV light", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , regions of the resin blocked by carbon fibers remains uncured by UV light .", "entity": [{"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "UV light", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using glass fiber instead of carbon fiber can be beneficial for decreasing the opacity to UV light .", "entity": [{"entity": "glass fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "UV light", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SL plus vacuum cast process was investigated to improve the tensile strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "vacuum cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tensile samples produced by SL and polymer-glass fiber nonwoven-polymer sandwich structures were introduced by vacuum cast , which showed a significant increase of 36 % in ultimate tensile strength and 11 % increase in stiffness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tensile", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "sandwich structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "vacuum cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [172, 197]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The viscosity of the resin , especially at low shear rates , increased in the composite resins with significant volume fractions of fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "viscosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "composite resins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "volume fractions", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface coating of fibers can effectively reduce the viscosity , which is an advantage which allows processing of resins with higher fiber concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "coating", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "viscosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "resins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "fiber concentrations", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [137, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser scanning based SL was used to add 20vol % of short glass fibers into an acrylic based photo polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "SL", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "glass fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "acrylic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15 shows the microstructures of molded and laser-scanned specimen with 20vol % glass fiber .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "glass fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber filled composites represents a higher elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiber filled composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shrinkage of fiber reinforced composites was also observed to be lower than their non-reinforced counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 44]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual porlymerization scheme , including UV radiation and thermal treatments , was proposed to cure resins containing a high volume ratio of carbon fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "UV", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "radiation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "thermal treatments", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "cure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 130]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was estimated that one quarter of resin remains uncured , which was primarily inside of carbon fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an hour of thermal treatment , the tensile strength was increased by 95 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "thermal treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Llewellyn-Jones , Drinkwater used ultrasonic manipulation to distribute glass microfibers in the resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ultrasonic manipulation", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [34, 57]}, {"entity": "glass microfibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of fiber orientation angles were achieved , demonstrating the versatility of the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method allows smart material fabrication , such as resin-filled capsules for self-healing or piezoelectric particles for energy harvesting .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "energy harvesting", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.4 Extrusion Extrusion , as one of the most recent developments in 3D printing , emerged to overcome the limitations of the FDM method with its versatility and cost-effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this AM technique , layers of the material solution are directly deposited in a volatile solvent to produce freeform 3D structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technique", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "freeform 3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lightweight cellular carbon fiber and SiC whiskers filled composites have been demonstrated by applying 3D extrusion printing method , as described in 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cellular carbon fiber", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "SiC whiskers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epoxy-based inks , which exhibited the desired viscoelasticity and long pot-life in the absence and presence of highly anisotropic carbon fibers , were prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epoxy-based inks", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "viscoelasticity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SiC-filled and SiC/C filled transverse specimens showed a substantial increase in Youngmodulus , over the pure resin from 2.66 to 10.61 and 8.06 respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Youngmodulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "pure resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tensile strength of printed composites was comparable to the cast epoxy resin samples , with longitudinal specimens exhibiting slightly higher strength than that the transverse specimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17 shows a comparison in tensile strength of 3D printed tensile bars , using various fillers , as well as their microstructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLA/MWNTs composite was used to fabricate conductive 3D microstructures , with arbitrary shapes as small as 100with a method called liquid deposition modeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "deposition modeling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.5 Selective laser sintering SLS is a powder based AM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The laser scans the powder bed , layer by layer , to form a 3D structure , as demonstrated in 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser scans", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "layer by layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "3D structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It mainly deals with wax , ceramics , metals and polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "wax", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major polymers used by SLS include nylon , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "nylon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "polyamide , crystalline thermoplastics : polyethylene , PEEK , and PCL .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyamide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "crystalline thermoplastics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 38]}, {"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "PEEK", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLS can be categorized in solid state sintering , liquid phase sintering-partial melting , full melting , and chemically induced binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "solid state sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "liquid phase", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SSS is a thermal process that occurs at temperatures between TMelt /2 and TMelt , where TMelt is the melting temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "melting temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [101, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In liquid phase sintering-partial melting , usually the binder material becomes liquefied , while structural material remains solid .", "entity": [{"entity": "liquid phase", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "binder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The full melting technique melts the powder entirely and exhibits properties comparable to those of bulk material .", "entity": [{"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be applied to a wide variety of materials , however , the long process time and preheating of powders is necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "process time", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "preheating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 lists the range of materials and their associated binding mechanism in SLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "mechanism", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNT was added in Polyamide 12 in order to improve the mechanical behaviors .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNT", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Polyamide 12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The laser sintered parts had 13 % greater flexural modulus , 10.9 % higher flexural strength , and 54 % larger Youngmodulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "Youngmodulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystallization temperature of PA12-CNT powder was increased , compared to the pure PA12 , which was responsible in hindering the movement of PA12 chains by the interfacial force between CNTs and PA12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "crystallization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "pure PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "interfacial force", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [165, 182]}, {"entity": "CNTs", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [191, 195]}, {"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [200, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the porosity also increased in the CNT composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "CNT composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MWNTs were also mixed with PA12 for the investigation of its effect on mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goodridge , Shofner also confirmed enhancement in mechanical properties of PA12 with inclusion of CNT , exhibiting 22 % increase in storage modulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "CNT", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high volume ratio of carbon fiber was added into PA12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNT-coated PA12 also improved heat conduction and heat absorption compared to pure PA12.. Furthermore , simulation results on laser sintering of PA12-CNT suggested that inclusion of CNT helps the laser heat to be conducted wider and deeper into the powder bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "heat conduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "heat absorption", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 178]}, {"entity": "CNT", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "laser heat", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [196, 206]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [210, 212]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [249, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result of these simulations can be observed in 19 .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulations", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uniform distribution of carbon fibers and good interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix was achieved by pre-modification of carbon fibers through oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "adhesion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "oxidation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [152, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By adding the maximum weight ratio of carbon fibers , the flexural strength and flexural modulus were enhanced 114 % and 243.4 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glass beads were used asadditives in SLS of Nylon powders , in order to determine the mechanical properties , as a function of material composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glass beads", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Nylon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhu , Yan proposed a novel method to prepare high-performance carbon fibers/PA12/epoxy ternary composites by infiltrating the porous green carbon fibers/PA12 parts built by SLS , with high-performance thermosetting epoxy resin , prior to curing the resin ; this process is described in 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "infiltrating", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "epoxy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "curing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [238, 244]}, {"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [249, 254]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The end result is a ternary composite system with novolac epoxy resin , reinforced with carbon fibers coated with a thin 595nm layer of PA12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ternary composite system", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 44]}, {"entity": "novolac epoxy resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "reinforced", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "PA12", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method with 33 % volume fraction of carbon fibers yielded an ultimate tensile strength of 101.03MPa and a flexural strength of 153.43MPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "carbon fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [66, 91]}, {"entity": "flexural strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Four-Dimensional printing of active Polymer-Fiber composites Addition of fiber in 3D printed polymers is not always for improving the mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polymer-Fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 62]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibers , as well other additives , are also used in manufacturing of smart composites , to control the structure transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "additives", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This implementation in 3D printing opened a new field called 4D printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4D printing refers to a multi-material printing with the ability to transform over time or change its shape after the printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "multi-material printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structures can be programmable and transformed from one or two dimensional structures to 3D objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "3D objects", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in AM made precise placement of material at micro-scale during 3D printing of complex structures possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "micro-scale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows implementing programmable and computational material in AM in order to control the shape of the material after printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials can change their shape under light , temperature change , or immersion into a solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D printing technology has enabled active material to achieve an even higher complexity and accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing technology", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber additives play an important role in 4D printing ; controlling the fiber alignment allows programmable transformation , right out of the printing bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiber additives", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "fiber alignment", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ge , Qi developed a method to print thermomechanically programmable composites with complex shapes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ge", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The matrix and fibers used were an elastomer and a glassy polymer , with tailored thermomechanical behavior , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "elastomer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "thermomechanical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "21 demonstrates the process in which the inkjet deposited material on the bed , prior to photopolymerization of the film by UV light , forms a layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "inkjet", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "photopolymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 108]}, {"entity": "UV light", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gladman , Matsumoto printed plant-inspired architectures , with a hydrogel composite ink , composed of stiff cellulose fibrils embedded in a soft acrylamide matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogel composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "cellulose fibrils", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "acrylamide matrix", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alignment of cellulose fibrils controlled the swelling of the 3D printed part upon immersion in water .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellulose fibrils", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "swelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "3D printed part", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structures are programmable based on the printing direction and orientation of embedded cellulose fibrils inside the structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "cellulose fibrils", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Modeling and analytical techniques Polymer-fiber composites produced by AM can be analyzed using existing theories based on the manufacturing technique and the reinforcement type .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modeling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "Polymer-fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 61]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "reinforcement", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [162, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Existing macro and micro mechanical modelling techniques can be applied to AM with slight modifications .", "entity": [{"entity": "macro", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "mechanical modelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microstructure of 3D printed parts often differ from those prepared by traditional manufacturing methods and with the immerging of new AM methods , there is a demand for modelling and analysis of these structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "traditional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [135, 137]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.1 Short fiber composite theories There are several theories for predicting the properties of short fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Short fiber composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "short fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on their assumptions , they can be applied to various 3D printing methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibers alignment , shape , length , and its bonding with the matrix are crucial in accuracy of the modelling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fibers alignment", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified rule of mixtures is the simplest method to predict the tensile properties of short fiber composites , by assuming perfect fiberinterfacial bonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "rule of mixtures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "tensile properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "short fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "fiberinterfacial bonding", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MROM is given by cu = 1 2 V f fu + V m m where 1 2 is fiber efficiency factor for the strength of the composite , in which , 1 and 2 are the fiber orientation and fiber length factors , respectively ; cu and fu are ultimate strength of the composite and fiber , respectively ; V f and V m represent the volume fraction of the fiber and matrix ; and m is the matrix stress at the composite failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cu", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "f", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 29]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 36]}, {"entity": "fiber efficiency factor", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "fiber length factors", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [163, 183]}, {"entity": "cu", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [201, 203]}, {"entity": "ultimate strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [215, 232]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [240, 249]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [254, 259]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [277, 278]}, {"entity": "f", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [279, 280]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [285, 286]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [303, 318]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [326, 331]}, {"entity": "matrix stress", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [358, 371]}, {"entity": "composite failure", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [379, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the fiber length is equal to L and uniform , fiber orientation factor is equal to 1 and fiber length factor is given by the critical fiber length , r f is fiber radius , and i is interfacial shear stress between matrix and fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber length", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "fiber length factor", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "critical fiber length", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 148]}, {"entity": "f", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 154]}, {"entity": "fiber radius", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "interfacial shear stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [182, 206]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [226, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to consider the effect of fiber orientation and non-uniform fiber length in the model , 1 and 2 should be modified .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "fiber length", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified Kelly and Tyson model proposed for fibers shorter and longer than the critical fiber length with considering fiber orientation , as follows .", "entity": [{"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "critical fiber length", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 100]}, {"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [118, 135]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , fiber orientation factor 1 in this model is fitted empirically .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fu and Lauke used two probability density functions for modelling the fiber length and fiber orientation distributions with the intention of predicting the elastic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "probability density functions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 51]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "fiber length", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "distributions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are various theories for predicting the stiffness properties of short-fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Morimodel is another well-known theory that considers a non-dilute composite containing many identical spheroidal particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "particles", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is assumed that the composite experiences an average stress different from that of the applied stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli in Morimodel are where V f is the volume fraction of filler and m is the Poissonratio of the matrix ; A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 , A5 , and A are functions of the Eshelbytensor and the properties of the fiber and the matrix , with more explanation given in .", "entity": [{"entity": "elastic moduli", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 67]}, {"entity": "f", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [219, 229]}, {"entity": "fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [237, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In theory , the aforementioned equations for short fiber composites , can be used to model 3D printed parts , however , length and orientation of the fibers used in the process should match the assumptions .", "entity": [{"entity": "short fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 67]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FDM , SLS , and extrusion with short fiber reinforcement can be modeled with these analytical methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "short fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , 3D printed parts often contain considerable fraction of void content and modifications may be necessary when applying these methods on additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "fraction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Void in composite materials are comprehensively explained in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2 Classical laminate plate theory CLPT is an extension of the classical plate theory for isotropic and homogeneous materials with some modifications to reflect the inhomogeneity of orthotropic materials in thickness direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Classical laminate plate theory", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 35]}, {"entity": "classical plate theory", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 86]}, {"entity": "isotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "homogeneous materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 126]}, {"entity": "orthotropic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [195, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLTP is applicable to all 3D printed parts that exhibit orthogonal behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we present a brief summary of CLPT for laminated plates consisting of multiple unidirectional laminae .", "entity": [{"entity": "laminated plates", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "unidirectional laminae", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [86, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stiffness matrix of each ply can be described as .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness matrix", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transformed reduced stiffness matrix for various fiber orientation can be computed using transformation matrix as follow , and is the angle of the fiber reinforcement .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness matrix", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "fiber orientation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "transformation matrix", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [147, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , in-plane , coupling , and bending stiffness matrices can be obtained by , respectively where z represents the vertical position in the ply from the midplane .", "entity": [{"entity": "bending", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "vertical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "midplane", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we can write a connection between the applied loads and the associated strains in the laminate , as follows , N M = A B B D 0 where N is normal stress resultants , M is moment resultants , 0 represent strain term in midplane , and is the twist of the laminated plate .", "entity": [{"entity": "laminate", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 121]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 129]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 143]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [211, 217]}, {"entity": "midplane", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [226, 234]}, {"entity": "laminated plate", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [261, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strain along the plate thickness can be given by , x y xy = x 0 y 0 xy 0 + z x y xy Additionally , by using the same principle , CLPT can be applied to evaluate the strength and elastic constants of FDM printed parts with void content .", "entity": [{"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 58]}, {"entity": "y", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 61]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "elastic constants", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [182, 199]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [226, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As mentioned earlier , FDM process is associated with void formation between printing beads , which needs to be considered in the modeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "beads", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "modeling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the method developed by Rodriguez , Thomas for ABS materials , The FDM part is defined as an unidirectional ABScomposite with a laminate structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABS materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "unidirectional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "laminate", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This structure is consisting of vertically stacked layers with contiguous material and voids .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "voids", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unidirectional elastic constants are given as and represent the elastic modulus , shear modulus and Poissonratio of the extruded polymer used in the FDM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "unidirectional", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "elastic constants", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "shear modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "extruded", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 is the area void density in the plane normal to filament direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "area void density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "filament", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method was used in various works for single material FDM parts containing void , however , certain modifications are needed in order to apply it to multi-material 3D printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "multi-material 3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More information regarding void in composite structures can be found in .", "entity": [{"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "composite structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.3 Finite element method FEM is particularly interesting for modelling 3D printed part due to its flexibility in analyzing complex geometries in both macro and micro scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finite element method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "FEM", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "3D printed part", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "flexibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "complex geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 142]}, {"entity": "macro and micro scale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be applied to continuous and short fiber 3D printed composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "short fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary distinction of most composites by AM is the significant void content that needs to be incorporated into the respective finite element model .", "entity": [{"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "finite element model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the most appealing approaches for mechanical modelling of fiber composites are homogenization , which was described briefly in CLPT , and unit-cell based methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical modelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both approaches can be implemented in FEM , thus , applicable to all AM methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "FEM", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , there has been a lack of attention to modelling of these processes , and with increasing the popularity of 3D printing among practitioners , the need for simulation of the 3D printing process is certain .", "entity": [{"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [185, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UC is a single or multiple fibers embedded in the matrix with the volume fraction similar to those of the composite .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A finite element model of this geometry using two different materials is constructed and various loadings are applied to characterize the behavior of the UC .", "entity": [{"entity": "finite element model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of composites with random fiber orientations the composite behavior is approximated by direct averaging over all orientations .", "entity": [{"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "fiber orientations", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "orientations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unit cells depend upon the microstructure of the composite ; some common types of unite cell are presented in 24 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24 presents a UC for discontinuous short fiber composites with random orientations , 24 and shows UC for continuous fiber reinforced with unidirectional orientation and 3D braided structure , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "short fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "orientations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "unidirectional orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "3D braided structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [169, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another commonly used approach is multiscale methods by combining micro level and homogenized macro stress analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "micro level", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "homogenized", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopic level analysis can increase the accuracy , but are often too expensive to be used in practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microscopic level analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiscale modelling takes advantage of the efficiency of macroscopic models and the accuracy of the microscopic models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Multiscale modelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "macroscopic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microscope analysis is normally performed at the area of interest with high stress concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "microscope", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "stress concentration", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25 shows a multiscale simulation with microscale analysis performed on two different areas of interest and macroscale analysis in the entire domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "multiscale simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "microscale analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "areas of interest", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 102]}, {"entity": "macroscale analysis", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [107, 126]}, {"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Conclusions 3D printing of composite structures can be a turning point for AM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "composite structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "turning", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of fabricating functional devices , directly from commercial 3D printers with controllable properties , created a huge rush for new developments and research in this field .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "3D printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attractive combination of endless possibilities in the range of composite materials and extra customization of AM offers a unique new area in the manufacturing field , for researchers and developers to explore .", "entity": [{"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM of composites enables precise control of the physical , electrochemical , thermal , and optical properties ; these structures can even transform their shape over time in 4D printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "precise control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "electrochemical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "optical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber reinforcement significantly improves the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be implemented in various AM techniques , such as FDM , SLA , SLS , LOM , and extrusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Printed CF-ABS composites were even reported with higher specific strength than Aluminum .", "entity": [{"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "specific strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "Aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alignment of fibers in 3D printing of composites was one of the major challenges in the reviewed literature and its improvement attracted tremendous research interest in almost all of the existing AM methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [201, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in FDM printing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics took these improvements one step further to establish AM as a dependable manufacturing method for various industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 77]}, {"entity": "step", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the interesting and innovative developments , continuous carbon fiber and PLA were mixed in the printing head before depositing into the printing bed , increasing the fiber/matrix adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuous carbon fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 79]}, {"entity": "PLA", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "printing head", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "fiber/matrix adhesion", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [177, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser assisted AM for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites demonstrates superior mechanical properties and at the mean time solves the issue of material waste for LOM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 63]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 118]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "LOM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , developments in 3D printing of fiber reinforced composite structures allowed precise placement of material at micro-scale , to fabricate complex structures in 4D printing of active composites , with ability to transform over time , right after the 3D printing .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced composite structures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 82]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "micro-scale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "4D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 184]}, {"entity": "active composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [188, 205]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [262, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , most 3D printing methodologies for composite materials still face major challenges , which need to be overcome before becoming a mainstream manufacturing method .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "face", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Void formation during printing , poor adhesion of fibers and polymer matrix , and challenges in continuous fiber printing are all amongst the existing issues in 3D printing of fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Void", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "adhesion", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "fibers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "continuous fiber", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , most of the commercial 3D printers designed for specific resins and introduction of fillers can lead to blockage , wear , non-adhesion , and increased curing times .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "resins", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "wear", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "curing times", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM of composites is a relatively new technique and there is a lack of research on modelling the structures produced by this process .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Existing theories for short and continuous fiber composites can be modified for 3D printed parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuous fiber composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 59]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "3D printed parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , FEM is a powerful tool to analyze composite structures , and it can be applied for 3D printing with slight modifications of existing finite element models .", "entity": [{"entity": "FEM", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "composite structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "finite element models", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , AM of fiber reinforced polymer composites is tremendously promising in turning 3D printing from a prototyping method to a robust manufacturing technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 57]}, {"entity": "turning", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "prototyping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unique characteristics of 3D printing , such as high customization , combined with extra strength from fiber reinforcement and the ability to produce functional complex 3D structures with total control over material properties , helped AM of fiber-polymer composites gain enormous attention from a broad range of science industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforcement", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [107, 126]}, {"entity": "3D structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 186]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [211, 230]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [240, 242]}, {"entity": "fiber-polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [246, 270]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [308, 313]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [325, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aerospace industry , automotive industry , biomedical science , electronic industries , and robotics are only a few examples of those attracted by AM of fiber reinforced polymer composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "aerospace industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "automotive industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "biomedical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "robotics", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "fiber reinforced polymer composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [157, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the application of additive manufacturing reaches an unprecedented scale in both academia and industry , a reflection upon the state-of-the-art developments in the design for additive manufacturing and structural optimisation , becomes vital for successfully shaping the future AM-landscape .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 44]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "reflection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "state-of-the-art", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "design for additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [167, 200]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [205, 228]}, {"entity": "shaping", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A framework , highlighting both the interdependencies between these two central aspects in AM and the necessity for a holistic approach to structural optimization , using lightweight strategies such as topology optimization and/or latticing , was established to summarize the reviewed content .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 162]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [171, 182]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [199, 201]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [211, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primarily focusing on isotropic material considerations and basic stiffnesB-optimal problems , these concepts have already found wide application , bridging the gaps between design and manufacturing as well as academia and industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "bridging", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [185, 198]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [199, 201]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [207, 209]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [223, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pursuit of streamlining the AM-workflow towards digitally print-ready designs , studies are increasingly investigating mathematically-based structural optimization approaches in conjunction with DfAM-specific constraints , providing a portfolio of solutions like generative design , which is gaining traction in industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 166]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [266, 283]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [315, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides an overview on economically-driven to performance-driven design optimizations , insight into commercial AM-specific software is provided , elucidating potentials and challenges for the community .", "entity": [{"entity": "design optimizations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 85]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights Extensive review , providing a joint perspective on design and structural optimisation in additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Image", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "joint", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 133]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [137, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overview on the lightweighting approaches topology optimization and latticing , considering isotropic material assumptions .", "entity": [{"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consolidated summary , elucidating the gaps between design and manufacturing as well as academia and industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Establishment of a design for AM framework , highlighting the interdependencies between state-of-the art research topics .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "art", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing , also referred to as 3D-printing , has evolved greatly over the last three decades , emerging from the mere application in prototyping , it has now indisputably established its position as a viable fabrication alternative for end-use parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "3D-printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "prototyping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 167]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [222, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This applies to a wide range of industries , including medical engineering , automotive , aerospace and consumer products , .", "entity": [{"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "medical engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "consumer products", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lower energy consumption , has driven the research into identifying lightweight and robust designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topology optimisation and latticing have emerged as the two major lightweighting strategies , best exploiting the design freedoms offered by AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimisation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "design freedoms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former represents a rigorous approach , improving the specific stiffness , whereas the latter can be considered as a design approach for weight-reduction in parts that usually have a high safety factor , which has in fact been widely adopted as a common design practice in today 's AM-specific software .", "entity": [{"entity": "specific stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "safety factor", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [192, 205]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [215, 217]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [258, 264]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [298, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "multifunctionality and bio-inspired designs , are gaining interest and could help shape the future of structurally advanced AM-parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "bio-inspired designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This development is supported by the steady improvements in printer hardware and AM-specific software as well as the enrichment of the available material palette .", "entity": [{"entity": "printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , AM is attributed a central role in the successful realization of the new industrial revolution , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "industrial revolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Industry 4.0 , affecting both the way we design and fabricate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Industry 4.0", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is clearly reflected by the prediction of a threefold increase in the industry 's market value as stated in the Wohlers report .", "entity": [{"entity": "prediction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jiang envisage among others intensified manufacturing of both critical and non-critical spare parts as well as increased customization of products with AM , which will require improvements in the structural performance and adequate design practices , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [152, 154]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [196, 218]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [232, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a design and structural standpoint , reviews in AM have so far focused on either the development of design rules and frameworks in the context of DfAM or the role of e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "design rules", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TO , latticing , processing parameters , materials and bio-inspired approaches , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "bio-inspired", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , a joint scope including a much wider consideration for DfAM in structural optimization for AM is captured , reviewing two key lightweighting strategies in AM , namely TO and latticing and providing insight into the academic versus the commercial landscape .", "entity": [{"entity": "joint", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 95]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 introduces a framework , relating key intrinsic and extrinsic DfAM aspects that were identified in the field of design and structural optimisation for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 148]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intrinsic aspect is , therefore , representing the primary drivers when designing for AM , whereas the extrinsic factors can be regarded as current research topics in design and structural optimization for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "extrinsic factors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "design and structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [170, 204]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [209, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remit of this paper , however , goes beyond this framework , highlighting the underlying dependencies between the individual extrinsic factors in the state-of-the-art research today .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "extrinsic factors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 146]}, {"entity": "state-of-the-art research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three interrelated themes referred to as entail procesB- and material-induced aspects , lightweighting strategies as well as broader DfAM-factors and are arranged analogously to the chronological order of headings in this paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on structural optimisation in AM with particular emphasis on DfAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 46]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As most works on lightweighting strategies are based on isotropic material assumptions , reinforced-materials and the procesB-induced anisotropy caused by the fabrication in a layer-by-layer fashion or infill pattern , are not assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "reinforced-materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "anisotropy", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer fashion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [176, 198]}, {"entity": "infill", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [202, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the role of anisotropy for topology optimisation in AM was discussed in , elucidating that this research is still in its infancy and requiring more fundamental investigations for a critical review , this paper summarizes the more consolidated knowledge in this field .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "anisotropy", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "topology optimisation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DfAM framework , encapsulating intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the cutting-edge research on AM-friendly structural optimisation , preludes the main part of this work and provides context and structure to the reviewed studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 132]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [196, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The joint focus on structural optimisation in AM using TO and latticing with incorporation of DfAM aspects constitutes the remit of this paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "joint", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly , the synergistic and expertise-dominated application of cellular structures , as design approach to lightweighting , will be addressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereby , focus is put on their application and significance in standard engineering problems rather than the medical field , as reviewed elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is important to note that the reviewed works are primarily looking into basic structural problems , concentrating on improved stiffness under volume constraints .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "volume constraints", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Structural optimisation with isotropic material in AM The role of structural optimisation in AM is increasing across industries with lightweighting strategies that can broadly be differentiated into mathematically-driven and expertise-driven , with recent studies seeing increased utilization of both .", "entity": [{"entity": "Structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 25]}, {"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 91]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , TO is frequently adopted for the design of structurally-sound AM-parts and has meanwhile surpassed the use of shape and size optimization in isolation .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "structurally-sound AM-parts", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it has become a general practice in commercial software to post-process TO-solutions by optimizing the size or shape of the final structure to adhere e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to minimum feature sizes that match the resolution of the printer .", "entity": [{"entity": "minimum feature sizes", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [3, 24]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , expertise-driven structural optimisation such as latticing is not a lightweighting strategy per se , as stiffness is greatly compromised in exchange for e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "se", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A good example of this is the latticing of a part for weight reductions and enhanced functionality in areas where stiffness can be sacrificed .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generative design formally merges these two schemes through a parallel implementation to provide a portfolio of solutions i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "Generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Topology optimisation in AM Bendsand Kikuchi 's as well as Sigmund 's landmark work , introducing the concept of shape and TO centred on the homogenization approach and the MATLAB implementation of a density-based TO , respectively , laid the foundation for today 's TO-methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimisation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 23]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most prominent TO approaches can be summarized as follows : Density-based ; Level Set ; Evolutionary/Genetic Algorithms ; Topological Derivatives and Phase Field .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "Algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "Phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discrete TO can be described as a method that explores the optimal connection of the elements , whereas continuum TO determines the optimal spatial distribution of material within a domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "continuum", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "spatial distribution", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the core of each structural TO problem lies an objective function that needs to be minimized or maximized while being subjected to a set of constraints such as volume , displacement or frequency .", "entity": [{"entity": "core", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 139]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [160, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of an iterative process , in methods utilizing density as a design variable , Finite Element Analysis , sensitivity analysis , regularizations and optimisation steps are repeated in this order until convergence is achieved .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Finite Element Analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "sensitivity analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 132]}, {"entity": "regularizations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the context of DfAM , research today is geared towards print-ready TO designs bridging challenges of design and fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "bridging", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This refers to methods that change the numerically optimal solution either intrinsically through the imposition of manufacturing constraints or in subsequent post-processing steps which alter the geometrical layout .", "entity": [{"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 140]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 173]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Support-free designs and strategies to reduce the support volume are facilitators for a time- and cost-efficient fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pursuit of both physically and digitally print-ready designs , smooth boundary representations have drawn great attention in recent years .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , this refers to mesh-refinements , ensuring a better surface representation or CAD-friendly geometries .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , correct digitalizing of TO-solutions will be pivotal for future CAD/CAM software , including an automated design procedure that integrates DfAM considerations and requires less AM-expertise .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM software", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging TO methods with DfAM consideration for smooth boundary representation include the Development Method and the Morphable Method .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , basic geometric shapes and polygons , capturing the geometrical layouts , have served as simple design primitives for representing topologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "geometric shapes", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 SIMP-based designs for AM Density-based TO methods are most prevalent in academia and follow the general procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A well-established continuum method often referred to as the SIMP approach , first introduced by Bends , relates the elements relative densities to the effective material moduli using the power law .", "entity": [{"entity": "continuum", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As most works use linear elastic assumptions with the standard density-based TO approaches , they lack the ability to solve problems with large deformations accurately .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "deformations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "accurately", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [157, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , regarding DfAM , designs with elastoplastic print consumables , as commonly used , could particularly benefit from more realistic material considerations .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major findings in studies on non-linear TO include : 1 ) the difference between linear and non-linear modelling of large deformations is particularly evident in buckling and snap-through scenarios ; 2 ) a non-linear analysis made insignificant changes to the stiffness/compliance of a linear elastic structure but altered the topology significantly ; 3 ) non-linearity assumptions are beneficial for realizing compliant mechanisms ; 4 ) issues with excessive distortions or convergence of the numerical model can be solved .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-linear modelling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "deformations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "buckling", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "non-linear analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [205, 224]}, {"entity": "linear elastic structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [285, 309]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [326, 334]}, {"entity": "compliant mechanisms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [410, 430]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [503, 508]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [513, 515]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Academic approaches to structurally optimized AM-friendly parts With the maturation of TO-codes in recent years towards greater computational efficiency and complexity , the inclusion of DfAM aspects is on the rise .", "entity": [{"entity": "computational efficiency", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 154]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of today 's research on TO for AM is economically-driven and deals with support volume reduction , their complete elimination or simplified removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Support-free structures with reasonably good quality can generally be expected for an inclination angle in the realm of 45 , which has been widely adopted for structural optimization problems anything lower is associated with additional fabrication cost motivating efforts in achieving conformity between design and print .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "inclination angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 182]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [237, 248]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [305, 311]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [316, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it should be noted that fine-tuning of process parameters in polymer FDM has shown to allow even lower print-angles .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Performance is inevitably compromised by imposing manufacturing constraints but opposed to accounting for support volume , performance-driven factors in TO methods , including e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "Performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , the performance and printability of a structure derived from a coupled truss and SIMP-based optimisation approach were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "printability", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "coupled truss", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By projecting a truss framework onto the corresponding TO-solution , the material was re-distributed , promoting adherence to overhang angle limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "truss", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "overhang angle limits", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , a topology that does require less support but has reasonably high performance was created .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it was found that the printing direction is a key control parameter between manufacturability and performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An efficient DfAM filter for TO , avoiding support structures , has also been the subject of research in the works of Langelaar , in which a projection method was proposed for 2D and 3D cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "filter", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "support structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [176, 178]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , Langelaar has extended this AM-filter approach to a method for optimizing topology , support layout and build orientation simultaneously , providing designers and engineers with a portfolio of results with the corresponding fabrication cost and part performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "build orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [240, 251]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The support-filter itself is based on the premise of a layer-wise AM fabrication , whereby it is examined whether the base elements in the underlying layer offer support considering the critical support-free inclination angle of 45Together with a sensitivity filter based on the adjoint method , the AM-filter formulation is integrated into the code of Andreassen , making it an easily accessible tool for print-ready AM-parts with improved structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "inclination angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [208, 225]}, {"entity": "sensitivity", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [247, 258]}, {"entity": "filter", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [259, 265]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [397, 401]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [441, 463]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerical examples provided in illustrated the printability of TO-structures as a function of printing orientation .", "entity": [{"entity": "printability", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a half MBB beam , Langelaar highlighted not only the effectiveness of the filter to avoid shallow angles and its effect on the final topology compared to the unconstrained model , but also the variation in compliance with the building orientation .", "entity": [{"entity": "half MBB beam", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "effectiveness", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "filter", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [193, 202]}, {"entity": "building orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [226, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extension of this method could potentially be promising for multidirectional slicing in robotic AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "multidirectional slicing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 87]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaynor and co-workers as well as Qian , showed that the Heaviside Projection offered an alternative means to constraining the overhang angles in TO-solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "overhang angles", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this scheme was employed to enforce a binary solution from the greyscale SIMP-solution by controlling the minimum radial length scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "binary", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "radial length", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "determine the minimum self-supporting angle in 2D .", "entity": [{"entity": "self-supporting angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaynor and Guest found major changes in the topology and deterioration in performance with increasing self-supporting angles .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "self-supporting angles", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [102, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Heaviside Projection was employed both on the density and the density gradient to obtain well-defined boundaries and constrain the perimeter length in undercuts and overhangs for 3D cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "density gradient", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "undercuts", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "overhangs", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "improved convergence to a discrete solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "discrete solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an example , a cantilever beam was optimized for individual minimum overhang angles , illustrating that overhang angle and gradient constraint need to be concurrently changed and that the compliance is significantly increased over the unconstrained pendant , especially for increased overhang angles .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "cantilever beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "minimum overhang angles", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "overhang angle", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "overhang angles", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [287, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leary proposed an approach in which infeasible inclination angles are initially identified , followed by a layout transmission into a support-free design and the determination of the optimal building orientation .", "entity": [{"entity": "inclination angles", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "building orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [191, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Firstly , a binary topology was obtained through thresholding of the gradient values to identify the perimeters and its local gradients .", "entity": [{"entity": "binary topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "local gradients", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , smoothing of the boundary was performed using the rolling average method .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "rolling average", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actual novelties are the iterative internal and external boundary modifications centred on a recursive subdivision of domains to ensure the final design complies with the allowable inclination angle .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "inclination angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [185, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The change in the geometrical layout increased the volume fraction of the part , however , due to the avoidance of support , experimental results showed a reduction in fabrication time .", "entity": [{"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "fabrication time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [168, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benchmarking against standard TO result , numerical analyses showcased : a ) different stress distributions while the maximum von Mises stress stayed constant and b ) the heat transfer is increased , which is of particular interest for e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "stress distributions", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [87, 107]}, {"entity": "von Mises stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [126, 142]}, {"entity": "b", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 164]}, {"entity": "heat transfer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [171, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "metal-AM , as entrapment of excessive temperature , leads to microstructural changes over time as shown by .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to note , however , that a weight increase is associated with this method , which should be carefully weighed against the material savings achieved by avoiding the supports or the ease in manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [204, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , a more recent paper by Thore investigates the abovementioned factor of stresses in support-free TO-solutions , while adhering to the volume constraint , linking economy and fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "investigates", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "volume constraint", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [187, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to the above works , digitally print-ready designs , accounting for research that highlight efforts to facilitate the transition between design and print such as methods that require minimal post-processing to be manufacture-ready are gaining interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "transition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [200, 215]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [219, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interpreting density-based TO solutions , even when they are discrete , poses a bottleneck for post-processes such as shape optimisation or the use of CAD programs for the conversion into AM-compatible file formats .", "entity": [{"entity": "bottleneck", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [202, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A smooth boundary representation is , therefore , an aspect of particular attention in the context of TO .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An approach which is post-processing the layout of a TO-solution was recently presented by Liu .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a multi-step transformation method from a greyscale SIMP-based solution into STL and IGES formats has been presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "STL", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "IGES", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is comprised of : 1 ) density thresholding and mesh refinement ; 2 ) skeletonisation ; 3 ) identify small features and increase their elemental density ; 4 ) density filtering ; 5 ) density thresholding while preserving volume fraction ; 6 ) create STL file utilizing ; 7 ) boundary interpretation using spline fitting ; 8 ) obtain IGES file from an in-build MATLAB function .", "entity": [{"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "mesh refinement", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "skeletonisation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [185, 192]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [223, 238]}, {"entity": "STL", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [252, 255]}, {"entity": "file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "boundary interpretation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [277, 300]}, {"entity": "spline fitting", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [307, 321]}, {"entity": "IGES file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [335, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shape optimisations procedures using a CAD model were shown to be suitable with designs obtained from the adaptive boundary fitting method due to its smooth boundaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "smooth boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [150, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies like this represent a key element in today 's research from DfAM , namely the transformation of complex AM-designs into CAD/CAM environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "element", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM environments", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [128, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Commercial software implementations for lightweight structures Promoted by the greater application of TO in industry , an increased range of software providers have emerged , maturing and facilitating access to ready-to-use tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "lightweight structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "ready-to-use", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [213, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly TO software providing greater freedom in utilizing subroutines , as recently demonstrated in , present a promising platform for further innovations in this field .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on automotive components like an upright .", "entity": [{"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , significant weight savings of one to two-thirds were achieved while ensuring the same structural performance as the original parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , shape controls ensured control over the member size , accounting for the minimum resolution of the electron beam melting process for a successful print .", "entity": [{"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "electron beam melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [104, 125]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed , that all considered factors were closely related to the amount of support material used , as it increased the fabrication time and cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "support material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "fabrication time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the above study , it can be concluded that the layout of the final design for the industrial sector will be the result of multi-objective considerations , specifically drawing attention to the performance-economy relation with the utilized print materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "industrial sector", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "drawing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [245, 250]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [251, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This highlights the importance of a DfAM framework that assures correct weighting of the relevant parameters and provides similar to the generative design a portfolio of quantifiable geometrical solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimisation of a heat sink design displayed the software 's capabilities to deal with multi-objective optimisation , as the design variables included friction force , thermal conductivity and out-of-plane heat transfer , besides the density of the elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat sink", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "friction force", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 169]}, {"entity": "thermal conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [172, 192]}, {"entity": "heat transfer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [253, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite showcasing the theoretical capabilities of today 's TO-software , the above-mentioned studies commonly lack experimental verification .", "entity": [{"entity": "theoretical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , numerical examples in TO involve either cantilever , half MBB or full MBB beams , but there is no explicit agreement by the scientific community on their aspect ratio , making comparisons difficult .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantilever", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "half MBB", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "MBB beams", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "aspect ratio", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [166, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a practical standpoint , standardised flexure tests would be better suited for experimental verification and therefore aid the comparison between both the TO-models and their physical counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "flexure tests", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Advanced applications TO-designs are increasingly adopted in technologically advanced industries as AM hardware and software are maturing , making complexity and scalability of AM-parts more tangible .", "entity": [{"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent case-studies on topologically optimized engine pistons or car chassis indeed showed a promising development for increased uptake of TO in the automotive sector .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "car", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "automotive sector", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [149, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an example , Aage looked into optimizing the wing structure of a Boeing 777 using high-performance computing to overcome current limitations regarding the number of resolvable voxels and representable feature size .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Boeing", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "high-performance computing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [85, 111]}, {"entity": "voxels", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "feature size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [204, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this should not distract from the more pressing challenge the AM-community is currently faced to further exploit AM capabilities , namely the reduction of the computational cost and improvement of the resolution for standard engineering problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "pressing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "faced", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [211, 221]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [226, 234]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [235, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In case of small- and mid-sized companies these are commonly solved with standard desktop machines rather than employing high-performance computing .", "entity": [{"entity": "companies", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "machines", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "high-performance computing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [121, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the fruition of compliant mechanisms , realized by means of multi-material printers and the use of materials with greatly varying Poisson 's ratios .", "entity": [{"entity": "compliant mechanisms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 AM-designs derived from evolutionary TO Evolutionary algorithms have been used and constantly improved for structural optimisation over the last two decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most prominent representative is BESO , introduced by Yang as an extension to the Evolutionary Structural Optimisation method put forward by Xie and Stevens .", "entity": [{"entity": "BESO", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "Structural Optimisation method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , issues related to stepped contours i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "contours", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "smooth boundaries remain .", "entity": [{"entity": "smooth boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Digitally print-ready designs In light of DfAM , achieving a smooth boundary representation , especially for discrete TO-solutions , is currently a subject of intense study .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capitalizing on the shape functions , a smoother boundary , accounting for discontinuous material distributions within single FEs , was realized .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "distributions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite revealing the same overall topology , the Iso-XFEM method provided a superior structural stiffness as compared to the BESO implementation for the same amount of iterations and identical mesh-size .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Iso-XFEM method", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "BESO implementation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BESO with a finer initial fixed mesh matched the performance but at a computational expense .", "entity": [{"entity": "BESO", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "fixed mesh", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the mesh manipulation is outweighing the computational benefit of BESO , the AM-friendly Iso-XFEM method was regarded as the preferential TO method , streamlining the design process towards digitally-print-ready models and effectively tying in aspects of lightweighting and boundary representation .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "mesh manipulation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "BESO", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Iso-XFEM method", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [170, 184]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [258, 272]}, {"entity": "boundary representation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [277, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a more recent study , Iso-XFEM was applied as a design-procedure to obtain a lightweight brake pedal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iso-XFEM", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure was effectively enhanced for AM , using a manual post-processing step , in which a partial cellular infill based on Body Centred Cubic unit cells was included to improve the performance under arbitrary loading and to reduce warpage arising from residual stresses in SLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "infill", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Body Centred Cubic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 148]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "warpage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [259, 276]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [280, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , a modified BESO method was used to optimize the strut thickness of lattices used in an engine bracket , to improve the compliance over a homogenous design .", "entity": [{"entity": "BESO method", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "strut thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "homogenous design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material allocation is conducted based on the ratio between the local and global stress magnitude i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "magnitude", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the stress distribution as well as the predefined strut diameter bounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "stress distribution", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "strut diameter", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "compliant mechanisms , a modified BESO with local displacement constraints was employed by Zuo and Xie .", "entity": [{"entity": "compliant mechanisms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "BESO", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "displacement constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the standard penalization factor was introduced for the material interpolation and to ensure convergence , however , for the FEA several critical nodes were assigned to local displacement functions based on the individual virtual loads to fine-tune the topology for a specific load case .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "material interpolation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "displacement functions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [182, 204]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [260, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerical examples displayed dissimilar topologies compared to the conventional compliance-driven approach and a significant reduction in the maximum vertical deflection .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "vertical deflection", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [150, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As outlined by the authors , this method lends itself for lightweight structures such as an aircraft wing , for which awareness and control over the deformed shape are required .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "lightweight structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "aircraft wing", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "deformed shape", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [149, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the most part , TO procedures employ fixed meshes for the FEA .", "entity": [{"entity": "fixed meshes", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mesh refinement captures the material behaviour more accurately , however at higher computational cost due to more degrees of freedom .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesh refinement", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "accurately", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "degrees of freedom", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fine mesh for updating design variable and a hierarchical system for the FEA .", "entity": [{"entity": "fine mesh", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in a relatively-smooth topology , due to the finer resolution representing the boundaries of the structure , whereas the size of the internal elements remained coarse .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "finer resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is of note that caution must be taken in choosing an appropriate value for the maximum element size to obtain accurate FEA results .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "element size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Level set TO for AM Level set method centre around the structural boundaries i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "interfaces and their implicit representation via iso-contours of the corresponding level set function .", "entity": [{"entity": "via iso-contours", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "level set function", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inherently smooth and well-defined boundaries obtained lend themselves for parameterization into geometric shapes , potentially linking aspects of manufacturing and digitalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "geometric shapes", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for analysis , the geometrical model is mostly discretized and mapped onto a fixed mesh , following the density-based methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "geometrical model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "fixed mesh", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , by embracing both economic and performance-driven DfAM considerations , Liu and co-workers have developed a feature-based approach as well as algorithms that take into account the deposition path/building direction and support-free manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 148]}, {"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 167]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [247, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding DfAM studies have shown that gaps between paths due to sharp angle changes can be avoided and as the paths follow the principal stress trajectories , the overall performance can be increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "sharp angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "principal stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [128, 144]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 183]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [188, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , the contour offset method and the structural skeleton based method , including a support structure constraint , were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "contour offset method", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [9, 30]}, {"entity": "structural skeleton", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "support structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the structural performance was comparable between both methods , whereas , the skeleton-based method was favourable as it avoided manufacturing irregularities .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [22, 44]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [148, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors optimized a cantilever beam for self-supported AM , using a multi-LS interpolation approach , to illustrate their method .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantilever beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "interpolation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the skeletonisation of 2D LS topologies was utilized in to constrain the minimum hole size and control the number of holes in the topology to ensure better manufacturability .", "entity": [{"entity": "skeletonisation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "hole size", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , it was applied to avoid small struts by controlling the minimum or maximum length scale of the features i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "length scale", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the distance between skeleton and boundary .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8b illustrates the difference in topology between constraint and unconstraint LS TO of a cantilever beam .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "cantilever beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the study of Allaire , the aspect of the overhang constraint was considered from two perspectives .", "entity": [{"entity": "overhang constraint", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter has been developed in and centres on the intermediate AM stages , resulting in the continuous change in shape and boundary conditions with each consecutive layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "boundary conditions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [167, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the cooling rate as another fabrication constraint for this minimum compliance problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "cooling rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "minimum compliance problem", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , in , Mart accounted for procesB-induced effects , such as porosity in parts created from electron beam melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "electron beam melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering fabrication-stages and -flaws for different AM-processes is certainly representing a more interconnected and realistic application of DfAM , encompassing intrinsic and extrinsic factors , shared in the upper and middle band , and contributing to higher quality AM-parts in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "intrinsic and extrinsic factors", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [166, 197]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [265, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certain design requirements like fixed passive elements or other functional affiliations often do not allow support-free angles .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mirzendehdel and Suresh reduced the support volume of topologically optimized structures using an LS based Pareto TO , considering both support structure and topological sensitivities through dynamic weighting .", "entity": [{"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Pareto", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "support structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "topological sensitivities", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 183]}, {"entity": "dynamic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [192, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar attempts to reduce support volume include tree-like and topologically optimized supports .", "entity": [{"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Cellular structures in AM Cellular structures represent an important structural design feature in AM , commonly used for lightweighting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 21]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "structural design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "feature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterized by slender/thin members , such as struts/bars or sheets/plates , these formations are increasingly utilized as an integral feature in AM-designs primarily due to material and time-/energy-saving in fabrication as well as improvements in strength-to-weight ratio , as summarized in .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "feature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [212, 223]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [224, 226]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [232, 234]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [278, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the specific strength , their ability to dissipate energy , heat and vibration add value to the design .", "entity": [{"entity": "specific strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , a significant increase in buckling load and buckling strength have been recorded by using triangular lattice-infills or topology optimized hierarchical microstructures , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "buckling load", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "buckling strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In metal-AM , they can also help mitigate warpage , arising from procesB-induced residual stresses , however , some lattice types must be altered to accommodate for e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "warpage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of lattices , contrary to the common misconception , is therefore not a lightweighting approach from a pure stiffness standpoint , which needs to be considered in the design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overview from design to analysis of cellular structures for AM can be extracted from .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unit cells represent the building blocks of a lattice , which is generated either from sweeping , meshing/mapping , tessellation to obtain a regular pattern or stochastically yielding unstructured formations , which is often achieved via techniques such as dithering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "tessellation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "pattern", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unit cells are generally classified into truss based and surface-based .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "truss", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous cell topologies were generatively developed over the years , leading to the emergence of unit cell libraries/families for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ground trusses , often resembling lattice-like configurations , are characterized by a freeform frame-network with locally varying strut diameters which also lends themselves well for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "freeform", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "strut diameters", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [184, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is however of note , that isotropic open-cell trusB-like structures have an up to threefold inferior stiffness performance compared to their closed-cell lattice counterparts of the same relative density .", "entity": [{"entity": "isotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [189, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On this account , considering that lattices are not stiffnesB-optimal and given the choice , surface-based unit cells should be favoured for lightweight designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unit cell tessellation approaches often give rise to non-conformity as loose-hanging members are formed when a lattice is created , impairing the structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "tessellation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [146, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattices derived from tessellated surface-based unit cells are less affected by this phenomenon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , conformal lattices were found to yield greater structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "conformal lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [65, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Works on graded lattices most generally focus on piecewise variation in volume fractions that change from one unit cell to another .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "volume fractions", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to the implicit definition of triply periodic minimal surface lattices , true functional grading is achievable with ease .", "entity": [{"entity": "triply periodic minimal surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 75]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with the advancement in hardware technology , capable of fine- and multi-scale structures , these new lightweight lattice structures with locally changing material properties represent a unique offering of AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "multi-scale structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [76, 98]}, {"entity": "lightweight lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [164, 183]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [215, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discrepancies between the ideal and the actual performance of lattices , reviewed in , is owed to irregularities introduced during manufacturing , which include micro-voids or the change in surface roughness , making the prediction of the mechanical performance based on the relative density and linear elastic assumptions difficult .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "micro-voids", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [190, 207]}, {"entity": "prediction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [221, 231]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [275, 291]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [303, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison between the experimental and numerical analyses of lattices and a summary of simulation methods are summarized in .", "entity": [{"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latticing tools are increasingly provided in today 's CAD software and are commonly used to substitute low-stress areas for weight reduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [124, 130]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly the ability to achieve a balance between robustness and compliance in tailored lattices was recently stressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "robustness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another emerging research field in AM , aiming - among others - at combing high strength and stiffness , is biomimicry .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is of note , that some software providers like ELiSE are already incorporating bionic templates into designs geared towards AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "bionic templates", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 109]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Topologically optimized lattices based on academic codes Promising academic approaches dealing with structural optimisation of lattices for AM are on the uprise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 125]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The digitalisation of these intricate structures is a prerequisite to ensure optimisation , bridge the gap to manufacturing and ultimately improve the structural performance of lightweight AM-parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "bridge", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [151, 173]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [177, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computationally efficient representation of lattices is as challenging as it is important for the analysis and manufacturing steps .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence , research is actively looking into ways to reduce the computational expense , aiding streamline the design process and enabling geometrical layouts , such as functionally graded lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [173, 175]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Structurally optimized lattices using the homogenization method To capture the heterogeneous nature of lattices , unit cells are commonly homogenized into representative volume elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "homogenization method", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "heterogeneous", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "homogenized", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 151]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homogenization-based methods have recently been integrated into a lattice mesostructural optimisation framework for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , Messner presented the inverse homogenization , in which the macrostructural material properties of a periodic lattice consisting of simple unit cells are combined with a subsequent parameterization to obtain a 3D trusB-like lattice structure with struts of round crosB-sections and isotropic material behaviour .", "entity": [{"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "macrostructural material properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 100]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [215, 217]}, {"entity": "lattice structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [229, 246]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [252, 258]}, {"entity": "crosB-sections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [268, 282]}, {"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [287, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the context of digital AM , it is worth mentioning , that such a parameterization of the design space is beneficial for better control over the geometrical layout using CAD-like environments and therefore bridging the gap between important intrinsic DfAM aspects .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "design space", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "CAD-like environments", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [172, 193]}, {"entity": "bridging", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Graded lattices derived from mapping combined with density-based TO Various studies have utilized a mapping approach to update a cellular structure based on the density values obtained from unpenalized TO .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [131, 149]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these use the abovementioned homogenization approach to map the unit cells achieving a more accurate mechanical response .", "entity": [{"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , a SIMP-solution provides the density distribution , which is mapped onto the explicit cellular structure , leading to the newly density-adjusted structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "density distribution", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an FEA of a beam under three-point bending it was determined that the stiffness of the explicit cellular model increased with greater gradient density and lower cell size , approaching the implicit i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "three-point bending", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "cell size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Great reliability of the numerical model was concluded after negligible differences in performance were obtained in comparison with the specimens created from SLA .", "entity": [{"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "SLA", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in stiffness by more than a third over the uniform lattice was revealed in the experiment , highlighting a viable design approach for structurally enhanced AM-parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "experiment", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dependence between cell size and performance elucidates the need for high-precision , fine-scale manufacturing in future work .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "fine-scale manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manufacturing of extruded 2D lattices is straightforward for most printing technologies , however , 3D cellular structures can pose a challenge for e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "extruded", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "printing technologies", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "3D cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [100, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "powder-based processes , as unconsolidated material is easily encapsulated in cavities .", "entity": [{"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "encapsulated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was taken into consideration by Jin through manufacturing constraints such as the minimum section thickness , the minimum hole diameter and the uniformity of the section thickness i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 74]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors mapped the lattice of square cell honeycombs onto the density matrix of the TO-solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "density matrix", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FEA reveals superior compressive performance of the developed graded lattice even with the manufacturing constraints over the uniform lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 120]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to , the authors found that a decreasing cell size and an increasing gradient density has a positive effect on the structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [123, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Song expanded the concept to irregularly shaped cells for AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a triangular mesh , obtained from a domain of unit tangent circles , is the basis for the formation of the cellular structure with predetermined cell/circle ratios .", "entity": [{"entity": "triangular mesh", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [114, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This irregular lattice is then mapped onto the density field obtained from unpenalized SIMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "density field", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental tests showed that the irregular cell structure obtained from the unpenalized SIMP outperformed those using penalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping strut-based unit cells with different densities into a hexahedral mesh of a topologically optimized structure enabled Robbins to create structures with an external topology based on the penalized SIMP-result filled with a conformal lattice with properties determined from the homogenization method .", "entity": [{"entity": "strut-based", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "conformal lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [230, 247]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [253, 263]}, {"entity": "homogenization method", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [284, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meshing was done with the Sandia 's Sculpt tool , allowing for the adaption and smoothing of the mesh at the boundaries , aiding the creation of a flawless and print-ready STL files .", "entity": [{"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "STL", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "files", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [180, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To guarantee the same weight of structures with various unit cell densities , the external topology was adapted accordingly , revealing an improved performance for less dense lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though the structure was printed using laser power bed fusion of stainless steel , no experimental verification was conducted , which is a recurring shortcoming in many of the reviewed studies on structural optimisation using either TO or lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "laser power bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [201, 224]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [244, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While all the aforementioned studies solely focused on the performance aspects of the mapped structures , Panesar took also aspects of design and manufacturability into account .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereby investigating intersected , scaled and graded lattices with strut- and surface-based self-supporting unit cells for design aspect like structural optimality , design effort , support requirements , robustness i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "self-supporting", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "robustness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [205, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "resilience to variation in loading and design-to-manufacturing discrepancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors used a voxel paradigm , rather than the traditional volume boundary representation via B-rep , to represent lattices and employed an iso-value matrix , similar to , for functional grading .", "entity": [{"entity": "voxel", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "boundary representation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 94]}, {"entity": "B-rep", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "purely topologically optimized result .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors highlighted the superiority of the proposed lattice types in terms of specific stiffness over the uniform lattice and the robustness of the graded lattice making it the most well-rounded performing lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "specific stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "robustness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [206, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , the lattices comprised of surface-based unit cells were found to result in more resilient structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , from a performance i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "stiffness perspective , all lattices perform inferior compared to the solid pendant .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the cellular structures reduced the support structure requirements compared to the solid design .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "support structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to , the voxel-based method of Aremeu employs a net-skin approach , ensuring conformal lattices despite tessellation , through re-connecting strut-members at the boundary .", "entity": [{"entity": "conformal lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [85, 103]}, {"entity": "tessellation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors believe , that due to the limited resolvable resolution of AM machines , this method would satisfy the level of detail required for the model without high computational cost and geometrical complexity , however , no numerical nor experimental verification was conducted in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "AM machines", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "geometrical complexity", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [190, 212]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [242, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently Wang have topologically optimized a strut-based Kagome lattice structure based on the SIMP method with direct AM considerations .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "strut-based", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "lattice structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novelty is that it represents a structure-based rather than a boundary-based TO and constitutes a method to increase the specific stiffness of the primitive unit cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "specific stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to fine-tune the structural response of lattices , Maskery have recently observed a sequential failure of piece-wise graded BCC lattices in compression promoting increased energy absorption in comparison to the ungraded lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "BCC", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "energy absorption", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [186, 203]}, {"entity": "ungraded lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [225, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the results indicated non-homogeneous bulk properties , making the use of Gibson-Ashby models inadequate , as they are developed for uniform density lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-homogeneous bulk properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [36, 67]}, {"entity": "Gibson-Ashby models", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to note however , that this model is still useful for obtaining ballpark values for lattices through simple calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the very specific failure mechanisms in graded lattices , future work ought to put more emphasis on the experimental verification in order to make more reliable predictions for their performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "failure mechanisms", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "predictions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Variable-density infills derived from density-based TO An emerging topic in structural optimization with a promising application for AM are TO-based compliance-driven infill strategies for porous material , which account for the principal stress directions imposed by the loading condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 101]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [135, 137]}, {"entity": "infill", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "porous material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "principal stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [231, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infills derived from homogenization-based TO , using projection-based methods , was subject under investigation in , making designs potentially more feasible for AM through the incorporation of a minimum length scale constraint for the microstructural features matching the print-resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [162, 164]}, {"entity": "length scale", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [204, 216]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [236, 251]}, {"entity": "print-resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [274, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , this method was experimentally underpinned , demonstrating how self-supporting variable-density lattices can be generated .", "entity": [{"entity": "self-supporting", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Work by Wu centres on SIMP , whereby in , solely the infills of 3D structures were optimized and the shell was represented by passive elements , whereas the approach in demonstrated a concurrent optimisation of shell and infill for 2D structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "infill", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [221, 227]}, {"entity": "2D structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [232, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these structures were separated through multiple successive smoothing and projection steps combined with interpolations of intermediate densities to obtain discrete topologies with checkerboard-free domains and well-defined boundaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "discrete topologies", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [159, 178]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [227, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the standard objective function , a local rather than a global volume constraint was employed in both studies , meaning the density of the neighbouring elements was limited in a predefined radius , controlling the porosity locally .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "volume constraint", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [167, 175]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found , that higher radii result in topologies with coarser pores and greater stiffness as the local volume constraint becomes less influencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "topologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "volume constraint", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [108, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Wu emphasized that these control parameters are beneficial for the manufacturability of parts intended for powder-based AM-processes , as closed walls cause entrapments .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To avoid slender struts without infill , a length scale constraint is introduced in , which was implemented by an erosion and dilation projection before a final sensitivity analysis was conducted .", "entity": [{"entity": "slender struts", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "infill", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "length scale", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "sensitivity analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , in , the authors introduce an anisotropic filter , forcing the material to accumulate in preferred i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisotropic filter", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a prescribed direction in order to resemble bone-inspired infills , resulting in trusB-like formations .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone-inspired infills", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The filter , in particular , helped improve the uniaxial buckling stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "filter", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "buckling", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , Wu have presented a computationally more efficient extension to their work that is using a simultaneous optimization of the shape and the distribution of the lattice , demonstrating a twofold increase in buckling load over the equivalent TO-solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "buckling load", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [215, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides weight reductions , improvements in damage tolerance and robustness generally illustrate greater functionality , mechanical capability and versatility of lattices , potentially outweighing the losses in stiffness for certain engineering problems compared to a solid solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "damage tolerance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "robustness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "mechanical capability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [121, 142]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [211, 220]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [233, 244]}, {"entity": "solid solution", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [268, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another emerging topic for AM within topologically optimized and variable-density lattices , which will not be further discussed , are both multi-scale and multi-material structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "multi-material structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [156, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary investigations into a concurrent optimization of both macroscale and a micro-scale lattices , using two different materials , show great promise for the design-potential of AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "macroscale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "micro-scale lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [181, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Strut-sizing and -scaling for structurally optimized trusB-like structures Emerged from the idea to drastically decrease the computational complexity and processing time , the size matching and scaling method for mesoscale lattices , represents an alternative approach for structural optimisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "mesoscale lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [215, 233]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [275, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the modification of the topology as certain struts that have a minor contribution to the structural performance are eliminated , the method mainly centres on the size optimisation of the struts .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [97, 119]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [195, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An average stress distribution of the solid body serves as the basis upon which the unit cell topology with geometrical features is determined prior to the mapping onto the initial geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "unit cell topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "geometrical features", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Choosing the exact node size and thresholds for the upper and lower bounds of the strut diameter were deemed to be vital for the assurance of manufacturability with AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "strut diameter", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 159]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall this does not take away from its feasibility for application in large structures as shown on the basis of a light-weight micro air vehicle fuselage and is , therefore , a viable alternative to pure TO .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "fuselage", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method represents a lattice generation tool integrated into Siemens NX CAD software .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice generation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of the multifunctional performance of lattices , Seepersad have demonstrated how a post-processing steps can be used to obtain lattice topologies with e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "improved heat transfer , by effectively identifying lattice members that can be sacrificed , based on a hybrid FEA and finite difference approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat transfer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more recent study has demonstrated a solution for a similar multifunctional optimization for a heterogeneous cellular structures using a decision support problem formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "heterogeneous cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [97, 130]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Evolutionary algorithms for structurally enhanced lattices Tang made use of a BESO-based approach to design a latticed engine bracket with optimal strut thicknesses , using a kernel-based algorithm .", "entity": [{"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "strut thicknesses", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [149, 166]}, {"entity": "kernel-based algorithm", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [177, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Points of the boundary and internal elements are subsequently separated , and the initial wireframe is mapped onto the boundary kernel points , followed by a trimming procedure used to remove wires outside the functional volume .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "boundary kernel points", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "trimming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [221, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , these two sets of frames are merged together forming the final conformal lattice , which undergoes the BESO algorithm to modify the strut thickness based on the von Mises stresses obtained from the FEA of the homogenized functional volume and predetermined geometrical limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "forming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "conformal lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "BESO algorithm", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "strut thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [142, 157]}, {"entity": "von Mises stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [171, 189]}, {"entity": "homogenized", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [219, 230]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [242, 248]}, {"entity": "geometrical limits", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [267, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural performance was improved in contrast to a homogeneous lattice and the weight reduced by up to 75 % over the original solid design .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "homogeneous lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent study by Tang dealt with DfAM in the context of lattices and used BESO to locally improve the size of trusB-like members , creating a heterogeneous lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "BESO", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "heterogeneous lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [143, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a meta-model was created , which was comprised of the geometrical manufacturing constraints regarding the deflection of horizontal struts and the thickness of struts with reference to the inclination angle .", "entity": [{"entity": "geometrical manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 107]}, {"entity": "horizontal struts", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "inclination angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [204, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the optimized lattice structure led to an increase in stiffness over the traditional homogeneous pendant .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "homogeneous", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the abovementioned more favourable examples for the use of evolutionary algorithms for the optimisation of lattices , Chu have conversely demonstrated eminent drawbacks of the PSO over the non-evolutionary LMO optimisation , due to the stochastic nature of such algorithms .", "entity": [{"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "non-evolutionary LMO optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 232]}, {"entity": "stochastic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [246, 256]}, {"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [272, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on ground truss structures which were optimized for a given volume fraction and a set allowable deflection , the optimal strut dimensions were obtained with both algorithms .", "entity": [{"entity": "truss", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "strut", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed comparable structural performance but the superior computational efficiency and convergence of the LMO method .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "computational efficiency", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The integration of DfAM constraints into the optimisation algorithms remains a bottleneck for a streamlined design procedure , calling for benchmarking studies helping to identify more efficient approaches in digital AM in future work .", "entity": [{"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "bottleneck", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [217, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Topologically optimized lattices employing commercial software As the role of AM in the industry is slowly shifting towards production , ready-to-use design software capitalizing on now amenable features like lattices , are becoming more readily accessible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "ready-to-use", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [211, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3DXpert for Solidworks , nTopology or ANSYS which is providing a AM-specific design platforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "ANSYS", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 Modelling structurally optimized lattices for printing In the context of trusses , Gorguluarslan developed a two-phase lattice optimisation framework , specifically tackling the issue of the minimum manufacturable crosB-section .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "manufacturable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [201, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here a primary ground structure optimisation is followed by a rectification process in which elements falling below a certain minimum crosB-sections threshold are eliminated , before a final optimisation step is conducted , for which the method of Feasible Directions is employed .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "crosB-sections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "step", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [204, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altair 's OptiStruct and HyperMesh were utilized for structural optimisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HyperMesh", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among others , the typical cantilever beam example was used to compare the effectiveness of the framework and the MFD algorithm with Chang and Rosen 's SMS method and the Relative Density Mapping of Alzahrani , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantilever beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "effectiveness", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "MFD algorithm", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "Relative Density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [171, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under restriction of the minimum feature size , MFD was identified to outperform SMS and RDM in terms of stiffness but required more computational effort .", "entity": [{"entity": "minimum feature size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "RDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was also found that designs obtained from genetic algorithms and PSO have an even superior structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "genetic algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [104, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Abaqus served as a tool for the TO within the RDM method .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abaqus", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "RDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to the SMS method , the density values of the TO are used to map the struts into the domain , making RDM less dependent on the FEA analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "RDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arisoy developed a framework for the substitution of solid parts of a CAD model with lattices , which served as the basis for a plugin in Siemens 's NX CAD software .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "boundary surface defining the layout of the lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "layout", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the FEA of the solid part , meshed with tetrahedral elements , a remeshing process including trimming is conducted ensuring that the elements are part of the lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahedral elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "remeshing process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "trimming", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides an improved and efficient workflow for AM , the authors concluded to have improved the boundary smoothness of the lattices with the implicit volume representation , so that the manufacturability for AM is improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "workflow", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "implicit volume representation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [140, 170]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [207, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of digitalization and streamlining the design process , this study demonstrated great promise , as the lattices were modelled within the same CAD environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the design optimisation of a missile launcher beam on a macro- and mesoscale , H exemplarily demonstrated the potential of multi-scale optimisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "missile launcher beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "macro- and mesoscale", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have effectively combined TO with partial substitution of solids with lattices , to design a lightweight beam using the commercial software Altair Inspire and Materialise Magics .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Experimental benchmarking of 3D-printed lattices In contrast to the previous studies , Beyer and Figueroa tested different unit cell structures experimentally and Harl even determined the performance of optimized lattice structures by comparing them to numerical results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "3D-printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [215, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental verification is vital as structural optimisation and DfAM aspects are mutually dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This stems from the individual characteristics and limitations of different AM processes affecting the properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As outlined by Gibson , this is related to common meso- and microstructural features of cellular structures , affecting the structural performance , including : 1 ) material properties ; 2 ) cell topology and shape ; 3 ) relative density of structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "cell topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "relative density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [221, 237]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [241, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the procesB-parameters influence the microstructure and consequently the performance , verification with the numerical model becomes vital for estimating the actual properties and improving future models .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "verification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , Netfabb 's Selective Space Structures tool was utilized to create lattices from rectangular prisms and hexagonal geometries , which were subsequently manufactured using the PolyJet and SLM process for polymers and aluminium , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "hexagonal", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "PolyJet", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 185]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [206, 214]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compression and flexure tests of unit cells composed of a polymer revealed that the hexagonal unit cells show greater yield strengths and that comparable properties with the solid pendant can most likely be achieved with vertical trusses in the cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "flexure tests", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "hexagonal unit cells", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "yield strengths", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [208, 210]}, {"entity": "vertical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [225, 233]}, {"entity": "cell", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [249, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the scaled lattices fabricated from polymer and aluminium , it was found that the kagome structure displayed the best performance-to-mass ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "kagome structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it was reported that the aluminium lattice was superior to the polymer counterpart with respect to the solid structures , possibly stressing differences in manufacturing and therefore highlighting the role of DfAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminium lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [167, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A connection between relative cell density , unit cell structure and structural performance , was established , giving designers and engineers helpful indications for the selection of the adequate lattice configuration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell density", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "lattice configuration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , Harl employed the CAESS ProTOp software for both the lattice generation and the subsequent TO of the lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "lattice generation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter was conducted to improve the structural performance by lowering the local stress concentration to which cellular structures are prone to .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [40, 62]}, {"entity": "local stress concentration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 105]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [115, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using selective laser sintering with polyamide , the designs were tested in flexure and the results clearly highlight the potential of using TO lattices in terms of weight-reduction , robustness and stiffness as well as its superiority over uniform lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "polyamide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "flexure", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "robustness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [209, 211]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [217, 219]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [249, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next paragraphs build on this idea of TO cellular structures by locally changing the cell density with the use of commercial software .", "entity": [{"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "cell density", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a study by Rezaie a beam under three-point bending was topologically optimized using Abaqus and subsequently manufactured in ABS using FDM .", "entity": [{"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "three-point bending", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Abaqus", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "ABS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "FDM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the external boundaries of the bounding box were preserved , and the lattice composed of hollow cubic unit cells was mapped onto a SIMP-result .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "bounding box", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , manufacturability was taken into consideration by tailoring the hole-size to match the printer 's resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison with the standard topologically optimized beam , the loss in performance turned out to be very minor .", "entity": [{"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially when considering the more fabrication-friendly design of the cellular lattice , this method can be a viable alternative for lightweight structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "lightweight structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [135, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of the results , however , must be reviewed critically , due to insufficient batch size and the well-known and inherent quality fluctuations in AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [161, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved quality control measures are therefore needed form a manufacturing standpoint while an extensive data library will ease the choice in adequate lattice configurations from a design perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "lattice configurations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 174]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aspects constitute -among others - a necessity with the increasing uptake of AM across industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the combination of the density-gradients from TO with a size optimisation , Daynes derived functionally graded trusB-structures that align with the isostatic lines i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "functionally graded trusB-structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [96, 132]}, {"entity": "isostatic lines", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the principal stresses during loading .", "entity": [{"entity": "principal stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By making use of the Altair OptiStruct software , a topologically optimized design is automatically obtained , substituted by pre-selected unit cells before a size optimisation ensures that the overall target density is achieved .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon the information on in-plane stresses and orientation extracted from the software , the authors developed a MATLAB subroutine to create a functionally graded mesh , which was fed back into the software for analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "orientation extracted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "functionally graded mesh", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [142, 166]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substitution of the domain with BCC unit cells conformal with the isostatic lines resulted in a graded lattice with improved structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "BCC", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "cells", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "isostatic lines", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [129, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twice the stiffness and about 75 times greater strength were demonstrated in the experimental three-point bending tests compared to the uniform lattice design .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "bending tests", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [144, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These study highlights how much potential is still untapped in commercial software regarding the utilization of tailored , functionally graded lattices for enhanced specific structural performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "functionally graded lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [123, 151]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [174, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Commercial and academic software solutions for TO and the generation of cellular structures AM-specific design tools , incorporating TO or the implementation of lattices , are central to the greater adoption of AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [213, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today 's software landscape for AM-specific design provides a range of features that have been summarized in the supplementary information of this review .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to note , that the majority of commercial software to-date solve specific problems that are common for a wide range of industrial applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14a illustrates the proportionate distribution of underlying TO-methods/approaches in commercial software to-date .", "entity": [{"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14b constitutes the predominant file formats available in current lattice generation software .", "entity": [{"entity": "file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "lattice generation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analogously , lattice generation software is dominated by STL file formats , however , with the emerging complexity in e.g .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice generation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "STL", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "multi-material prints we see the adoption and market share increase of 3MF and AMF file formats .", "entity": [{"entity": "multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "3MF", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "AMF", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the effectiveness of the different software , more benchmarking research will be needed .", "entity": [{"entity": "effectiveness", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A first attempt , recently published by Saadlaoui compared the performance of a topologically optimized cube under compression loading using Optistruct and Abaqus .", "entity": [{"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "cube", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Abaqus", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A stresB-constrained optimisation and a discrete-compliance optimisation were conducted in Abaqus as well as a continuous compliance optimisation in Optistruct .", "entity": [{"entity": "stresB-constrained", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [2, 20]}, {"entity": "Abaqus", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "continuous compliance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both numerical and experimental results were obtained for the three approaches , whereby SLM was adopted for the fabrication of the specimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was explained by the consideration of internal material behaviour for the numerical model rather than the external criteria in the experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "experiment", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This aspect also includes local plastic deformations in the actual specimen , which do not necessarily affect the global elastic properties or mechanical strength and which are not accounted for in the commonly employed linear-elastic computational models , as stated by Saadlaoui .", "entity": [{"entity": "local plastic deformations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 52]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [143, 162]}, {"entity": "computational models", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [235, 255]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [258, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of the computational procedures , the study revealed that the stresB-constrained optimisation approach has the highest computational cost , but the corresponding specimen demonstrated the best mechanical performance with respect to the ratio of strength to weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "stresB-constrained", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [202, 212]}, {"entity": "ratio of strength", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [245, 262]}, {"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [266, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational efficiency and power are particularly important in continuum structural optimisations and will be key for viable design procedures in large-scale , multifunctional , multiscale and cellular-based TO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Computational efficiency", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "continuum", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent efforts made to improve the feasibility of TO codes for machines with standard computational performance are equally important as the more salient examples , exploiting immense resources to explore what is ultimately possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "machines", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General conclusions , drawn from this review , can be summarized as : Superior solutions/designs for AM-parts can be obtained using structural optimization methods such as TO if DfAM considerations are included .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "structural optimization methods", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 163]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This elucidates the need for a holistic design approach , paving way for how we design for AM in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspects of digitalization are still somewhat underrepresented and pose a bottleneck between design and manufacturing , including computationally inexpensive models and an entirely self-contained process from CAD file to Gcode .", "entity": [{"entity": "bottleneck", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [195, 202]}, {"entity": "CAD file", "entity_type": "manufacturing standard", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To bridge the gap to manufacturing , CAD/CAM software needs to be further improved , pathing among others the way for greater efficiency and compatibility when post-processing digital designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "bridge", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "CAD/CAM software", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [160, 175]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [184, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both multifunctional TO-based designs , considering multiple objectives and part-integration as well as latticing were considered particularly promising for lightweight high-performance parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functionally graded structures , specifically those that are optimized to better conform to the load trajectories , are inciting increased research interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Functionally graded structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most prominent TO method , both in academia and industry , is the density-based approach assuming isotropic material property .", "entity": [{"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "isotropic material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Level set methods seem to establish themselves increasingly in the market , due to the intrinsic smooth boundary representation , which is of great benefit for a streamlined design procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [174, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sheer amount of software available for both TO and latticing that includes AM-specific design constraints , clearly demonstrates the industry is gravitating towards a wide application of AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [191, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is supported by the intensified interest in the academic community to make optimisation process more computationally efficient which is a necessity to make AM more accessible for a range of industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [186, 191]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As reviewed , the majority of studies concentrate on structural optimisation with the inclusion of inclination angle constraints as opposed to fabrication , materials or digitalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "inclination angle", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 131]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspects deemed important for future work on the design and structural optimisation in AM , are as follows : Consistency through benchmarking mathematically-driven models and confidence via experimental verification will be important as industries are on the verge of adopting AM as means of production .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "structural optimisation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 82]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "Consistency", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [189, 201]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [220, 222]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [233, 235]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [276, 278]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [291, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural analyses accommodating path planning i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "Structural analyses", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "path planning", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tailored infills and a simultaneous optimization of process and design will constitute a central aspect to improved structural performance in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "structural performance", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [116, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conjunction with a growing interest in fibre-reinforced AM , a key challenge will be to develop TO methods that account for anisotropic material considerations , paving the way for next-generation lightweight structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibre-reinforced AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "lightweight structures", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [200, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The digital AM-workflow for print-ready designs would immensely benefit from smooth boundary representations .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "smooth boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "post-processing procedures for discrete solutions and more recently the intensified use of the level set method were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "discrete solutions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their uptake by the industry into upcoming software could potentially constitute a boost for the future of AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of both increasing complexity through the inclusion of DfAM constraints and multi-objective optimization as well as the orientation towards large-scale designs , generating high-resolution designs efficiently , will become a key challenge across all TO methods in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "inclusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "high-resolution designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [182, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to previous developments , the industry pulls academia with regard to generative design , rather than taking solutions up .", "entity": [{"entity": "industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the feasibility of economically producing large-scale metal components with relatively high deposition rates , significant progress has been made in the understanding of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process , as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated components .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "high deposition rates", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [94, 115]}, {"entity": "Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [181, 212]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [213, 220]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [223, 225]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [231, 233]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 252]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [257, 278]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [286, 296]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [297, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As WAAM has evolved , a wide range of materials have become associated with the process and its applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews the emerging research on WAAM techniques and the commonly used metallic feedstock materials , and also provides a comprehensive over view of the metallurgical and material properties of the deposited parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "feedstock materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 112]}, {"entity": "metallurgical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [166, 179]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common defects produced in WAAM components using different alloys are described , including deformation , porosity , and cracking .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods for improving the fabrication quality of the additively manufactured components are discussed , taking into account the requirements of the various alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The integration of materials and manufacturing process to produce defect-free and structurally-sound deposited parts remains a crucial effort into the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , wire arc additive manufacturing has increasingly attracted attention from the industrial manufacturing sector due to its ability to create large metal components with high deposition rate , low equipment cost , high material utilization , and consequent environmental friendliness .", "entity": [{"entity": "wire arc additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 49]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "high deposition rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [185, 205]}, {"entity": "equipment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [212, 221]}, {"entity": "material utilization", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [234, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The origin of the WAAM process can be traced back to the 1925s when Baker proposed to use an electric arc as the heat source with filler wires as feedstock materials to deposit metal ornaments .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "electric arc", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "heat source", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WAAM technique bears various nomenclatures by different research institutions worldwide , as shown in 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , WAAM has become a promising fabrication process for various engineering materials such as titanium , aluminium , nickel alloy and steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "engineering materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 89]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "nickel alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing , the WAAM system can reduce fabrication time by 40and post-machining time by 15depending on the component size .", "entity": [{"entity": "traditional subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [12, 49]}, {"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "fabrication time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "post-machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , recent breakthroughs in WAAM technology have made it possible to fabricate aircraft landing gear ribs with a saving of approximately 78 % in raw material when compared with the traditional subtractive machining process .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "gear", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "raw material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "traditional subtractive machining process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [192, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the highly complex nature of WAAM , many different aspects of the process need to be studied , including process development , material quality and performance , path design and programming , process modelling , process monitoring and online control .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 206]}, {"entity": "modelling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [207, 216]}, {"entity": "process monitoring", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [219, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several WAAM review papers have been published by leaders in the field , covering state-of-the-art systems , design , usage , in-situ process monitoring , in-situ metrology and in-process control and sensing .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "state-of-the-art", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "in-situ", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "in-situ", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "sensing", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [200, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , there is still a need for a systematic review of the properties of various WAAM-processed materials , the defects associated with different alloys , and a summary of current and future research directions that are aimed at quality improvements for the alloy classes of interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [267, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reviews the microstructure and mechanical properties of various metals , including titanium and its alloys , aluminum and its alloys , Ni-based alloy , steel and other intermetallic materials fabricated by the various WAAM processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "Ni-based alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "intermetallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 213]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [229, 233]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [234, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common defects that have been found to occur for different materials are also summarized .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current methods for both in-process and post-process quality improvement and defect reduction are introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , a discussion is given on improving quality of WAAM fabricated parts through process selection , feedstock optimization , process monitoring and control and post-process , including proposals for future research directions .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "process selection", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "feedstock optimization", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 128]}, {"entity": "process monitoring", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 149]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [212, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 Wire arc additive manufacturing systems 2.1 Classification of WAAM process Depending on the nature of the heat source , there are commonly three types of WAAM processes : Gas Metal Arc Welding -based , Gas Tungsten Arc Welding -based and Plasma Arc Welding -based .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wire arc additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [2, 33]}, {"entity": "Classification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "heat source", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Gas Metal Arc Welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 194]}, {"entity": "Gas Tungsten Arc Welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [204, 228]}, {"entity": "Plasma Arc Welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [240, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As listed in 1 , specific class of WAAM techniques exhibit specific features .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deposition rate of GMAW-based WAAM is 2times higher than that of GTAW-based or PAW-based methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "deposition rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "GMAW-based WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the GMAW-based WAAM is less stable and generates more weld fume and spatter due to the electric current acting directly on the feedstock .", "entity": [{"entity": "GMAW-based WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "weld fume", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "feedstock", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The choice of WAAM technique directly influences the processing conditions and production rate for a target component .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2.2 Robotic WAAM system Most WAAM systems use an articulated industrial robot as the motion mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "WAAM systems", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "articulated industrial robot", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [49, 77]}, {"entity": "mechanism", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different system designs are available .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first design uses an enclosed chamber to provide a good inert gas shielding environment , similar to laser Power-Bed Fusion systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "inert gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Fusion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second design uses existing or specially designed local gas shielding mechanisms , with the robot positioned on a linear rail to increase the overall working envelop .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "robot", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is capable of fabricating very large metal structures up to several a meters in dimension .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "dimension", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 shows an example of this design of WAAM system , used for the research and development at the University of Wollongong .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fabricating a part using WAAM involves three main steps : process planning , deposition , and post processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "process planning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "post processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a given CAD model , 3D slicing and programming software generates the desired robot motions and welding parameters for the deposition process , aimed at producing defect-free fabrication with high geometrical accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "3D slicing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "robot", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "deposition process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [127, 145]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [179, 190]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [213, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the welding deposition model for the specific material being used to fabricate the component , the 3D slicing and programming software offer automated path planning and process optimization to avoid potential procesB-induced defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "specific material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "3D slicing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "automated path planning", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [150, 173]}, {"entity": "process optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [234, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During fabrication , the robot and external axis provide accurate motion for the welding torch to build up the component in a layer-by-layer fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "robot", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "welding torch", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer fashion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advanced WAAM systems can be equipped with various sensors to measure welding signals , deposited bead geometry , metal transfer behaviour and interpass temperature , thereby supporting in-process monitoring and control to achieve higher product quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM systems", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "sensors", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "deposited bead geometry", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "interpass temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [143, 164]}, {"entity": "product quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an area of current and future research interest , with the potential for significantly improving WAAM process performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "process performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Metals used in WAAM process WAAM processes use commercially available wires which are produced for the welding industry and available in spooled form and in a wide range of alloys as feedstock materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "welding industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [166, 171]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "feedstock materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [185, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 indicates the commonly used alloys and their various applications in WAAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manufacture of a structurally sound , defect free , reliable part requires an understanding of the available process options , their underlying physical processes , feedstock materials , process control methods and an appreciation of the causes of the various common defects and their remedies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "physical processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 162]}, {"entity": "feedstock materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "process control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [267, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This section reviews the metals that are commonly used in WAAM , with a particular emphasis on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additively manufactured alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 139]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [147, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.1 Titanium alloys Titanium alloys have been widely studied for application of additive manufacturing in aerospace components due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and inherently high material cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "Titanium alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 102]}, {"entity": "aerospace components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 126]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are increasing demands for more efficient and lower cost alternatives to the conventional subtractive manufacturing methods , which suffer very low fly-to-buy ratios for many component designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "conventional subtractive manufacturing methods", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [83, 129]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [181, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There exists many business opportunities for the WAAM process , particularly for large-sized titanium components with complex structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distinctive WAAM thermal cycle , which involves repeated heating and cooling , produces meta-stable microstructures and inhomogeneous compositions in the fabricated part .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "thermal cycle", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "meta-stable microstructures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [92, 119]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Baufeld investigated the microstructures of Ti6Al4V fabricated using a GTAW-based WAAM system , and found two distinctive regions on the aB-built wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the bottom region , where alternating bands are perpendicular to the build direction , a basketwave Widmanststructure with phase lamellae is present , while in the top region , where no such bands appear , needle-like precipitate is the main structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "lamellae", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "precipitate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [221, 232]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [245, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar microstructural evolution has also been observed in the PAW-based process .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructural evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 33]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lin reported a graded microstructure along the build direction and identified the martensite structure , Widmanststructure and basket-wave structure from the bottom to the top region of the fabricated component , as shown in 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "graded microstructure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "martensite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [201, 210]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An epitaxial growth of grains with discrete direction is also observed along the build direction owing to thermal gradient , commonly seen in additively manufactured titanium alloy components .", "entity": [{"entity": "epitaxial", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "thermal gradient", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [142, 165]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 summarizes the microstructure and mechanical property data of Ti6Al4V samples fabricated using various WAAM technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "mechanical property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "samples fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aB-forged and aB-cast minimum specifications from ASTM standards are also listed for comparison .", "entity": [{"entity": "specifications", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "standards", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown in 4 , the tensile property of aB-fabricated Ti6Al4V samples is close to that of wrought Ti6Al4V and exceeds that of cast Ti6Al4V as specified by ASTM standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "tensile property", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "wrought", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "standards", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , WAAM fabricated Ti6Al4V samples show anisotropic properties with lower strength and higher elongation values in the build direction compared to deposition direction , which is mainly attributed to the grain size of lamellae and the orientation of the elongated prior grains .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "elongation values", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [130, 145]}, {"entity": "deposition direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [158, 178]}, {"entity": "grain size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [215, 225]}, {"entity": "lamellae", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [229, 237]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [246, 257]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [281, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.2 Aluminum alloys and steel Although fabrication trials for many different series of aluminum alloys , including Al-Cu , Al-Si and Al-Mg have been successfully carried out , the commercial value of WAAM is mainly justifiable for large and complex thin-walled structures , since cost of manufacturing small and simple aluminum alloy components using conventional machining processes is low .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "Al-Cu", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Al-Si", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Al-Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [200, 204]}, {"entity": "complex thin-walled structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [241, 271]}, {"entity": "cost of manufacturing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [280, 301]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [312, 318]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [319, 333]}, {"entity": "conventional machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [351, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using WAAM to fabricate steel is unpopular for the same reason although it is the most commonly used engineering material .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "engineering material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another reason for the poor commercial application of WAAM in aluminum is that some series of aluminum alloys , such as Al 7xxx and 6xxx , are challenging to weld due to turbulent melt pool and weld defects , which frequently occur during the deposition process .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "weld", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "melt pool", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "weld", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 206]}, {"entity": "deposition process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [243, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , aB-deposited additively manufactured aluminum alloy parts have inferior mechanical properties compared to those machined from billet material .", "entity": [{"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "machined", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "billet", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to achieve higher tensile strength , most of the aB-deposited aluminum parts undergo post-process heat treatment to refine the microstructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 lists the yield strength , ultimate tensile strength , and elongation of WAAM-fabricated 2219aluminium alloy samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "yield strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [29, 54]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the uniform distribution of large diamond particles within the microstructure , the sample exhibits lower UTS and YS than that of the wrought part specified by ASTM standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "UTS", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "wrought", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after heat treatment , significant improvement beyond ASTM standard can be observed in both strength and elongation as a consequence of the grain refinement .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [150, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.3 Nickel-based superalloys Nickel-based superalloys are the second most popular material studied by the additive manufacturing research community after titanium alloys , mainly due to their high strengths at elevated temperatures and high fabrication cost using traditional methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickel-based superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 128]}, {"entity": "titanium alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "strengths", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [197, 206]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [219, 231]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [241, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nickel-based superalloys are widely applied in aerospace , aeronautical , petrochemical , chemical and marine industries due to their outstanding strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures above 550 To date , various Nickel-based superalloys , including Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 alloy have been studied after WAAM processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickel-based superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "aeronautical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "marine industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "oxidation resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 179]}, {"entity": "temperatures", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [183, 195]}, {"entity": "Nickel-based superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [224, 248]}, {"entity": "Inconel 718", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [261, 272]}, {"entity": "Inconel 625 alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [277, 294]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [319, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microstructure of WAAM fabricated Inconel 718 parts generally consists of large columnar grains with interdendritic boundaries delineated by small Laves phase precipitates and MC carbides .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "columnar grains", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "Laves phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "MC", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [180, 182]}, {"entity": "carbides", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xu reported that columnar dendrite structures decorated with a large amount of Laves phase , MC carbides and Ni3Nb are also present in WAAM-fabricated Inconel 625 parts , as shown in 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "columnar dendrite structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [17, 45]}, {"entity": "Laves phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "MC", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "carbides", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "Ni3Nb", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Inconel 625", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is worth noting that the microstructure can be refined to smaller dendritic arm spacing , less niobium segregation and discontinuous Laves phase in the interdendritic regions using post-process heat treatments , which are beneficial to the mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "dendritic arm spacing", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [69, 90]}, {"entity": "niobium segregation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 117]}, {"entity": "Laves phase", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [184, 201]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [243, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 lists the mechanical properties of several Nickel-based superalloys fabricated using the WAAM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "Nickel-based superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For GMAW-based WAAM-fabricated Inconel 718 alloy , the yield and ultimate tensile strength is 473 6 MPa and 828 8 MPa respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inconel 718 alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 90]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "MPa", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values lie between the minimum values specified by ASTM for wrought and cast materials , whereas the elongation is much lower than the standards for both wrought and cast conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "wrought", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "standards", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "wrought", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [160, 167]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for WAAM-fabricated Inconel 625 alloy , the YS , UTS and elongation all meet the requirement set by ASTM for cast materials , and are slightly lower than those for wrought material .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Inconel 625 alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "UTS", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "wrought material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [167, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3.4 Other metals Other metals have also been investigated for potential fabrication using WAAM , such as magnesium alloy AZ31 for automotive applications , Fe/Al intermetallic compounds and Al/Ti compounds , as well as bimetallic steel/nickel and steel/bronze parts for the aeronautic industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "intermetallic compounds", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [162, 185]}, {"entity": "Al/Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [190, 195]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [208, 210]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [216, 218]}, {"entity": "aeronautic industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [274, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detailed mechanical properties of these materials fabricated using WAAM are listed in 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 34]}, {"entity": "materials fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of this research has focused on determining the microstructural and mechanical properties of samples taken from simple straight-walled structures , rather than developing a process to fabricate functional parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 185]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manufacturing intermetallic parts with accurate pre-designed composition still poses major challenges for the WAAM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "intermetallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Common defects in WAAM-fabricated component Although the mechanical properties of components fabricated by WAAM are in many cases comparable to those of their conventionally processed counterparts , there are however some AM processing defects that must be addressed for critical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [224, 226]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [256, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porosity , high residual stress levels , and cracking , must be avoided , particularly for parts exposed to extreme environments where these defects lead to failure modes such as high temperature fatigue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "failure modes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 178]}, {"entity": "temperature fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defects in WAAM can occur for various reasons , such as poor programming strategy , unstable weld pool dynamics due to poor parameter setup , thermal deformation associated with heat accumulation , environmental influence and other machine malfunctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "weld pool", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "thermal deformation", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [142, 161]}, {"entity": "heat accumulation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [178, 195]}, {"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [232, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown in 6 , certain materials tend to be vulnerable to specific defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , severe oxidization for titanium alloys , porosity for aluminum alloys , poor surface roughness in steel as well as severe deformation and cracks in bimetal components have been found to typically occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "bimetal components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [162, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 lists the major defects that are commonly present in components fabricated using current WAAM techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The details of these common defects and their relationship to the materials will be discussed this section .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.1 Deformation and residual stress Like other additive manufacturing process , distortion and residual stress are inherent to the WAAM process and it is impossible to completely avoid its generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 77]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The residual stress can lead to distortion of the part , loss of geometric tolerance , delamination of layers during deposition , as well as deterioration of fatigue performance and fracture resistance of the additively manufactured components .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "geometric tolerance", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "delamination of layers", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [87, 109]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "fracture resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [182, 201]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [209, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , control and minimization of deformation and residual stress is a key area if research .", "entity": [{"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various types of deformation appear in WAAM fabricated parts , including longitudinal and transvers shrinkage , bending distortion , angular distortion and rotational distortion .", "entity": [{"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "bending", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distortions are caused by thermal expansion and shrinkage of the part during repeated melting and cooling processes , which is particularly an issue for large thin walled structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "thermal expansion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "shrinkage", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "thin walled structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residual stress is the stress that remains in the material when all external loading forces are removed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "forces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the residual stress is sufficiently high , it can be a critical influential factor in the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of the fabricated component .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 114]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the residual stress exceeds the local UTS of the material , cracking will take place , while if it is higher than the local YS but lower than UTS , warping or plastic deformation will occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "UTS", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "UTS", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "warping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "plastic deformation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ding found that the residual stress uniformly distributes across the WAAM deposited wall , and the residual stress in the preceding layer has little effect on the future layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [132, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After release of clamping , however , the internal stress is redistributed with a much lower value at the top of integral part than at the interface to the substrate , resulting in bending distortion of the component .", "entity": [{"entity": "internal stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "interface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "bending", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [207, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Path planning also involves the distortion and residual stress evolution in WAAM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Path planning", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If appropriate deposition path designs , it will help in the significant improvement in these defects , especially in large metal fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "deposition path", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detailed overview of the residual stress origin would exceed the scope of this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among all WAAM engineering materials , bimetal components exhibit high levels of residual stress and deformation due to the material thermal expansion difference .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "engineering materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "bimetal components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , accurate interpass temperature control is needed when bimetal materials are used .", "entity": [{"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "bimetal materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WAAM-fabricated Inconel alloy has comparatively lower residual stresses levels , but it is more susceptible to process defects such as delamination , buckling and warping , since its residual stress is usually higher than the yield stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inconel alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "process defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "buckling", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "warping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 198]}, {"entity": "yield stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [226, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other comparatively softer materials , such as aluminum alloys , easily respond to deformation defects due to their high thermal expansion coefficients .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "deformation defects", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "thermal expansion coefficients", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [121, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A better understanding pf the effect of material characteristics in WAAM processing is needed for controlling residual stress and deformation during deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deformation and residual stress are associated with many process parameters , such as welding current , welding voltage , feeding speed , ambient temperature , shielding gas flow rate , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "gas flow rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [170, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately , several post-process treatments that have been proven to effectively mitigate residual stress and deformation , and these will be discussed 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.2 Porosity Porosity is another common defect in WAAM processing that needs to be minimized due to adverse effects on mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Firstly , porosity will lead to a component with low mechanical strength by damage from micro-cracks , and secondly , it usually brings low fatigue property to deposition via spatially with different size and shape distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "damage", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "micro-cracks", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [215, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , this type of defects are mainly classified as either raw material-induced or procesB-induced .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WAAM raw material , including aB-received wire and substrate , often has a degree of surface contamination , such as moisture , grease and other hydrocarbon compounds that may be difficult to completely remove .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "raw material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "surface contamination", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [180, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These contaminants can be easily absorbed into the molten pool and subsequently generate porosity after solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "molten pool", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among common engineering materials , aluminum alloy is the most susceptible to this defect as the solubility of hydrogen in solid and liquid is significantly different .", "entity": [{"entity": "engineering materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [13, 34]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "solubility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even small amounts of dissolved hydrogen in the liquid state may exceed the limit of solubility after solidification , resulting in porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "liquid state", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "solubility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the cleanliness of raw materials is critical , especially for aluminum alloys .", "entity": [{"entity": "raw materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ProcesB-induced porosity is usually non-spherical , and mainly caused by poor path planning or an unstable deposition process .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "non-spherical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "path planning", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "deposition process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [107, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the deposition path is complex or the manufacturing process is changeable , insufficient fusion or spatter ejection is easily produced , creating gaps or voids in these influenced regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "deposition path", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "insufficient fusion", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "ejection", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "voids", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To control porosity , the following methods can be adopted : an AC GMAW-based process or CMT-PADV based process is preferred , especially for aluminum ; the highest quality shielding gas , tight gas seals , non-organic piping and short pipe lengths are highly recommended ; the wire and substrate surfaces are as clean as possible before fabrication ; high quality feedstock should be used ; the deposited bead shape needs to be optimized ; the thermal profile during processing should be monitored and controlled ; post-deposition treatment , such as interpass rolling can be applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [183, 186]}, {"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [195, 198]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [287, 296]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [310, 312]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [319, 321]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [338, 349]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [357, 364]}, {"entity": "feedstock", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [365, 374]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [382, 384]}, {"entity": "deposited bead shape", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [396, 416]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [426, 428]}, {"entity": "thermal profile", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [445, 460]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [486, 488]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [549, 551]}, {"entity": "rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [562, 569]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [574, 576]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4.3 Crack and delamination Similar to residual stress and deformation , cracking and delamination not only involves the thermal signature of the manufacturing process , but also relates to the material characteristics of the deposit .", "entity": [{"entity": "delamination", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "delamination", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [193, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ordinarily , the crack is categorised as either a solidification crack or grain boundary crack within the WAAM component .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "solidification crack", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "grain boundary crack", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former type of crack depends mainly on the solidification nature of the material and is usually caused by the obstruction of solidified grain flow or high strain in the melt pool .", "entity": [{"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "grain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "melt pool", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [173, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grain boundary cracking often generates along the grain boundaries due to the differences between boundary morphology and potential precipitate formation or dissolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grain boundary", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "grain boundaries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "boundary morphology", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [98, 117]}, {"entity": "precipitate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , this deficiency is visible and can not be repaired by post-process treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to prevent this defect , pre-process treatment such as preheating of the substrate needs to be considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "defect", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bimetal material combinations , such as Al/Cu , Al/Ti and Al/Fe , are quite susceptible to cracking and delamination when fabricated with the WAAM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bimetal material combinations", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "Al/Cu", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Al/Ti", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Al/Fe", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "delamination", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissimilar metals have large differences in their mutual solubility and chemical reactivity so that the intermetallic phase-equilibrium is freely broken , thus inducing crack growth along grain boundaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "mutual solubility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "intermetallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "crack growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 185]}, {"entity": "grain boundaries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [192, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , Inconel alloy readily generates solidification cracking issues due to the existence of liquid film at terminal solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inconel alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "solidification cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both of these material types should receive particular attention to avoid cracking and delamination .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "delamination", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To control crack defects , corresponding measures can be taken as follows : Mixed wires and optimization of their compositions ; Decrease the cooling rate during the deposition process Other measures to improve strength rather than solution treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack defects", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "cooling rate", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "deposition process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [166, 184]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "solution treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [232, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Current methods for quality improvement in the WAAM process Generally , WAAM parts require post-process treatment to improve material properties , reduce surface roughness and porosity , and remove residual stress and distortions .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 146]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 173]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [200, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By appropriate application of post process , the majority of issues that influence deposition quality can be mitigated or eliminated .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "deposition quality", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presently , several post-process treatment technologies have been reported to improve part quality in the WAAM process .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.1 Post-process heat treatment Post-process heat treatment is widely used in WAAM to reduce residual stress , enhance material strength and as a method of hardness control .", "entity": [{"entity": "Post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "material strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 136]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 143]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selection of a suitable heat treatment process depends on the target material , additive manufacturing methods , working temperature and heat treatment conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the heat treatment state is set incorrectly , the probability of cracking will increase under mechanical loading , as the combination of existing residual stress with load stress exceeds the materialdesign limitation .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "probability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "mechanical loading", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [149, 164]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As summarized s 3after heat treatment , the mechanical strength of WAAM-fabricated parts improved significantly , with increase of 4 % , 78 % , 5 % and 17 % being reported for titanium alloy , aluminum alloy , Nickel-based superalloys and intermetallic Ti/Al alloy , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "s", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [3, 4]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "titanium alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "aluminum alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [193, 207]}, {"entity": "Nickel-based superalloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [210, 234]}, {"entity": "intermetallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [239, 252]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [259, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , post-process heat treatment plays an important role in grain refinement , especially for WAAM-fabricated aluminum and Inconel alloy .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "Inconel alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision to use post-process heat treatment depends on the material alloying system and also the pre-heat treatment state .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process heat", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "alloying", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "pre-heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [101, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , high carbon content materials must be heat treated , while a few materials can be damaged by this technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon content", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the utilization of post heat treatment process to WAAM component needs to consider the specific material and its application .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "specific material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.2 Interpass cold rolling Rolling of the weld bead between each deposited layer has been shown to reduce residual stresses and distortion.Interpass cold rolling not only lowers residual stress , but also brings more homogeneous material properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "weld bead", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "deposited layer", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [178, 193]}, {"entity": "homogeneous material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [217, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the WAAM process , the thermal gradient with deposition layers and alternate re-heating and re-cooling process result in the target part having anisotropic microstructural evolution and mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "thermal gradient", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "deposition layers", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "anisotropic microstructural evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 184]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [189, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cold rolling technique significantly reduces microstructural anisotropy through plastically deforming the deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "anisotropy", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 shows the schematic diagram of an interpass cold rolling system developed at Cranfield University .", "entity": [{"entity": "interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A slotted roller is used to refine the microstructure and enhance tensile strength in the longitudinal direction by supporting external force .", "entity": [{"entity": "slotted roller", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 16]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "force", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown in 8 , both ultimate tensile strength and yield strength in the build direction were improved through interpass cold rolling , which contributes to more homogeneous material properties in the target component .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "ultimate tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "yield strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 133]}, {"entity": "homogeneous material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [162, 182]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [208, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interpass cold rolling also can play a critical role in the healing of hydrogen porosity in WAAM-fabricated aluminum parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "hydrogen porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , high dislocation density is produced by the rolling process .", "entity": [{"entity": "dislocation density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "rolling process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These dislocation can act as preferential sites for atomic hydrogen absorption and as well as for the hydrogen , allowing to diffuse to the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "dislocation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "atomic hydrogen absorption", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 summarizes the outcomes documented in the literature , in terms of the pore incidence and size distribution in aluminum components fabricated using WAAM with interpass cold rolling .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [160, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The porosities existing in aB-fabricated component can be reduced or even eliminated when interpass cold rolling is applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosities", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "interpass cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique is only feasible for simple deposited parts , such as straight walls , due to the geometrical limitation of the rolling process .", "entity": [{"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "rolling process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [127, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more complex components with curves and corners , special flexible tooling need to be developed to achieve an effective rolling process , thus limiting the range of industrial application .", "entity": [{"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "flexible tooling", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "rolling process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [160, 165]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cold rolling technique will also reduce residual stress , but the ability to reduce overall part distortion is yet to be proven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cold rolling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.3 Interpass cooling Recently , interpass cooling has been developed and evaluated at the University of Wollongong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interpass", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "interpass", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 presents the schematic diagram of a WAAM system with interpass cooling .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "interpass", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The moveable gas nozzle , which supplies argon , nitrogen or CO2 gas , is used to provide active , or forced , cooling on the fabricated part during and/or after deposition of each layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "gas", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "argon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [181, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using such rapid cooling , the in-situ layer temperature and heat cycle can be controlled within a range to obtain the desired microstructure and mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "in-situ", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "heat cycle", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process may also potentially reduce residual stress and distortion , although this aspect has not been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An initial feasibility study shows promising results when using forced interpass cooling with compressed CO2 to fabricate Ti6Al4V thin-walled structures , as shown in 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "interpass", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that interpass cooling produces less surface oxidation , refined microstructure , improved hardness and enhanced strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "interpass", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "surface oxidation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , manufacturing efficiency is significantly improved due to the reduction of dwell time between deposited layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "dwell time", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "deposited layers", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More detailed research findings will be presented in future .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5.4 Peening and ultrasonic impact treatment Peening and ultrasonic impact treatments have been used in welding applications to reduce local residual stress and improve weld mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peening", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "ultrasonic impact treatment", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [16, 43]}, {"entity": "Peening", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "ultrasonic impact treatments", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [56, 84]}, {"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "local residual stress", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 155]}, {"entity": "weld", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both techniques are cold mechanical treatments that impact the weld surface using high energy media to release tensile stress by imposing compressive stress at the treatment surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "cold mechanical treatments", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [20, 46]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "weld surface", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "tensile stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "compressive stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [138, 156]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the mechanical peening process produces compressive stresses at a limited depth below the component surface , such as around 1mm in carbon steels .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical peening", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "compressive stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "carbon steels", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasonic impact treatment produces grain refinement and randomizes orientation , thus contributing to mechanical strength improvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ultrasonic impact treatment", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "mechanical strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is reported that after ultrasonic impact treatment , the surface residual stress of WAAM-fabricated Ti6Al4V part can be reduced to 58 % and the microhardness can be increased by 28 % compared to the aB-fabricated sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "ultrasonic impact treatment", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [26, 53]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "microhardness", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 167]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [216, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the surface-modified layers undergo plastic deformation with significant grain refinement and dense dislocations .", "entity": [{"entity": "plastic deformation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "dense dislocations", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [101, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultrasonic impact treatment is limited by penetration depth , which is up to 60 below surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "ultrasonic impact treatment", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [4, 31]}, {"entity": "penetration depth", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , although both techniques are good post-process treatments , they have negligible effect on internal residual stresses of large metal part fabricated using WAAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "internal residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [103, 129]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 Discussion Improving process stability , eliminating or decreasing deposition defects and producing components with high quality and mechanical performance have become major research focuses in making the WAAM process more competitive against other additive manufacturing methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "deposition defects", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [207, 211]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [212, 219]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [251, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in-depth understanding of various materials , ideal process setup , in-process parameter control and post processing is essential for achieving such a goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "various materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "post processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a systematic review and analysis , a quality-based framework aiming to achieve high-quality and defectB-free WAAM process is proposed , as shown in 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three main aspects are considered : feedstock optimization , manufacturing process , and post-process treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "feedstock optimization", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [61, 82]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selection of the most suitable welding WAAM process for the deposition material can ensure manufacturing process stability and contribute to reduction of defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "welding WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "deposition material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 112]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , if the CMT-PADV process is used for producing aluminum parts , porosity defects can be dramatically reduced when compared to other GMAW modes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CMT-PADV process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "GMAW", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , integrated and reliable process monitoring and control systems are needed to maintain the stability of the process and ensure the quality of production .", "entity": [{"entity": "process monitoring", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "control systems", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "stability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the bead geometry , interpass temperature , arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour are included in process monitoring and control .", "entity": [{"entity": "bead geometry", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "interpass temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "arc", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "process monitoring", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlling the interpass temperature within a reasonable range is beneficial to microstructural evolution and the resulting mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "interpass temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "microstructural evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , regulating the arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour in real time is helpful to process stability and avoidance of defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "arc", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the process monitoring data that has been collected during deposition , one of several post-process treatments can be selected to mitigate defects and improve mechanical performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "process monitoring", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the material characteristics , microstructural evolution and mechanical properties can also be optimized through new feedstock composition design .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "microstructural evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "feedstock", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is well known that different alloying elements have specific effects on material properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloying elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "specific effects", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By referring to the phase diagram , the desired deposition microstructures can be obtained via adding specific alloying elements in the feedstock and subsequent mechanical properties improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "phase diagram", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "alloying elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "feedstock", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [161, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , twin-wire GTAW-based WAAM has been successfully developed to produce intermetallic graded materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "intermetallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of new powder cored wires , will offer exciting opportunities for fabricating target components with accurate metal composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , using new welding consumables brings a cost effective solution , which supports high deposition quality through obtaining the desired microstructures , lowering manufacturing costs by reducing or eliminating pre-weld cleaning and re-work , and providing safer working environments by reducing weld fumes .", "entity": [{"entity": "welding consumables", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "deposition quality", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "manufacturing costs", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [174, 193]}, {"entity": "pre-weld cleaning", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [221, 238]}, {"entity": "weld fumes", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [306, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another essential part of WAAM processing for most materials is post-process treatment , which is used to reduce residual stresses and distortion , refine microstructures , improve microhardness and enhance material strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 130]}, {"entity": "distortion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [155, 170]}, {"entity": "microhardness", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "material strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [207, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , post-process technologies have their own limitations , for instance , peening and ultrasonic impact treatment only improve material property and reduce defects near the part surface , while extended heat treatment of certain materials promotes grain growth rather than grain refinement .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "peening", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "ultrasonic impact treatment", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 119]}, {"entity": "material property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 150]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [209, 223]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [235, 244]}, {"entity": "grain growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [254, 266]}, {"entity": "grain refinement", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [279, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , most WAAM fabricated parts need to be post-process treated with a selective combination of technologies to reduce the defects and improve the product quality to the greatest extent possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "technologies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "product quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 Conclusions A detailed review of recent technological developments in WAAM process has been presented , with a focus on microstructure , mechanical properties , process defects and post-process treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [139, 160]}, {"entity": "process defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [183, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through matching a knowledge of material characteristics with the performance features of particular WAAM techniques , a quality-based framework is proposed , for producing high-quality and defect-free components .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [202, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In WAAM of metallic materials , the fundamental interrelationships between material composition and microstructure govern the material properties and fabrication quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "metallic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the WAAM process is an inherently non-equilibrium thermal process , it is challenging to predicate and control the microstructural evolution , which is responsible for the variation of mechanical properties in the deposited part .", "entity": [{"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "microstructural evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 146]}, {"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research attention should be paid on the study of underlying physical and chemical metallurgical mechanisms in WAAM process to provide a guidance for the process optimization , improvement and control .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "metallurgical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "WAAM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "process optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defects generated in WAAM-produced part are closely related to the target material characteristics and process parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of strategies or ancillary process to overcome defects generation are of prime importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "ancillary process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As WAAM matures as a commercial manufacturing process , development of a commercially available WAAM system for metal components is an interdisciplinary challenge , which integrates physical welding process development , materials science and thermo-mechanical engineering , and mechatronic and control system design This study presents a review on powder bed laser additive manufacturing of stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "WAAM system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "welding", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 206]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [221, 230]}, {"entity": "thermo-mechanical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [243, 260]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [261, 272]}, {"entity": "control system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [295, 309]}, {"entity": "powder bed laser additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [349, 388]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [392, 407]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The powder bed laser additive manufacturing processes that are presented in this paper are the selective laser sintering and selective laser melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder bed laser additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 43]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 120]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The powder bed laser additive manufacturing process of stainless steel are reviewed in this paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder bed laser additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 43]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process parameters was found to plat an important role in the evolving properties of the powder bed based laser additive manufacturing process .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "laser additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [110, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Materials Processing and characterization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Materials Processing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [53, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steels are important engineering material invented by mankind because of their extreme multiplicity in operties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steels", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "engineering material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stainless steel originated from steel as a result of the addition of chromium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The percentage composition the chromium is sufficient enough to prevent rusting in corrosive environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "corrosive", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different grades of stainless stee ludes , Martensitic stainless steel , Ferritic stainless steel , Austenitic stainless steel , superferritic stainless steel plex stainless steel , precipitation hardening stainless steel and super austenitic stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martensitic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 70]}, {"entity": "Ferritic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 97]}, {"entity": "Austenitic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 126]}, {"entity": "superferritic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 158]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 179]}, {"entity": "precipitation hardening", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [182, 205]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "austenitic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [232, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Materials Processing and characterization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Materials Processing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [50, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asides from its high corrosion resistance property , stainless steel are malleable enough to be bent , folded , welded , machined and deep drawn , they also have a high heat conductivity and high strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "welded", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "machined", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "heat conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [169, 186]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stainless steels find extensive applications that include : chemical equipments , food processing equipments , cryogenic vessels , X-ray tube bases , heat exchangers , cutleries , jet-engine parts , automotive fasteners , valves , brewing equipments , and aircraft fittings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stainless steels", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "cryogenic vessels", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "X-ray tube", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "heat exchangers", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [150, 165]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [199, 209]}, {"entity": "brewing equipments", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [231, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods of fabrication of stainless steel include hot forming processes and cold forming processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "hot forming processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "cold forming processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [76, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex parts are broken down into smaller parts when these conventional manufacturing processes are used .", "entity": [{"entity": "conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These does not only make the process to be cumbersome but also heavier because of extra materials that are used in joining the several parts together .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "joining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing processes is an advanced manufacturing process that can produce complex parts no matter the complexity as a single unit part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive manufacturing is a modern method of fabrication process which is used in producing a functional engineering metallic components one layer at a time from computer aided design model data .", "entity": [{"entity": "Additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "computer aided design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [190, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are various types of additive manufacturing technology , which include : vat photopolymerization , fused deposition modelling , selective laser sintering/melting , laminated object manufacturing and Laser metal deposition that is also referred to as .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 49]}, {"entity": "vat photopolymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [79, 102]}, {"entity": "fused deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "selective laser", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "laminated object manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [170, 200]}, {"entity": "Laser metal deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [205, 227]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [253, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vat photopolymerization is the first commercial additive manufacturing method that is used to create a layer of solidified material using ultraviolet radiation to selectively polymerize a curable resin until a complete part is formed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vat photopolymerization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "ultraviolet radiation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 159]}, {"entity": "curable resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [188, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its advantages includes high building speed and flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "flexibility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major disadvantages are high cost of materials and process errors due to over curing .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "process errors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "curing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing is also referred to as material extrusion process , this process is used for fabricating 3D parts by deposition of laser heated thermoplastic filaments in a layer wise manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fused deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 49]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "extrusion process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "fabricating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "3D parts", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic filaments", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 201]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [207, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this method , complex durable parts can be easily manufactured with high accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Draw-backs of this additive manufacturing technology include poor surface finish , time consumption and high porosity of manufactured parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "surface finish", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "porosity of manufactured parts", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method has been applied in automotive , aerospace , medical and plastic industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "plastic industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser sintering/malting is a powder bed additive manufacturing method that involves atomic fusion/melting of metallic powder deposited in form of layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "powder bed additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 72]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parts can be easily processed within a short time frame , it is flexible and accurate .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "accurate", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This additive manufacturing method has been mostly used with metals such as stainless steel 316L austenitic grade , precipitated hardened stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [5, 27]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "austenitic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "precipitated hardened", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 137]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser sintering has an extensive application in the field of aerospace , medical and automotive engineering due to the ability to control the stiffness of components in a desired model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [189, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser melting is a powder based bed fusion that is used to produce metallic components by deposition of a thin metallic powder on a substrate and using a high intensity laser beam to melt and fuse selective region of metallic powder according to the computer aided design data in a layer-wise fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "deposition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "thin metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 136]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "intensity laser beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [169, 189]}, {"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [193, 197]}, {"entity": "fuse", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [227, 242]}, {"entity": "computer aided design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [260, 281]}, {"entity": "fashion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [303, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method has an advantage of less porosity of built parts with better mechanical property , manufacturability of complex shapes and excellent scanning efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "mechanical property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 92]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "scanning efficiency", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [145, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disadvantage is similar to that of the process discuss earlier in terms of process control challenge due to too many parameters and also there is a material wastage .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "process control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser melting has been extensively used with the employment of stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser melting has an extensive application in the field of aerospace , medical , automotive engineering and medical health care sectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benefits of this methods include good efficiency of material usage , parts with complicated shapes can be built , high strength material can be achieved , materials can be customized , it takes less time and it eliminated oxide impurities due to vacuum environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 143]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 171]}, {"entity": "oxide impurities", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [222, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disadvantages of this methods are high price of set-up due to integration of vacuum with the machine for good thermal and impurity free environment , X-rays are formed during the process which is detrimental to human health .", "entity": [{"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "impurity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "X-rays", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laminated object additive manufacturing is an additive-subtractive rapid prototyping manufacturing process where 3D objects are manufactured by metal sheet material that are bonded together by thermally activated adhesive coating layer by layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laminated object additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 39]}, {"entity": "rapid prototyping", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "3D objects", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "thermally activated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "adhesive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 221]}, {"entity": "layer by layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [230, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each layer is formed from a sheet of paper coated with a thermoplastic adhesive and sheet is bonded together by using a heated stainless steel roller after which a CO2 laser cuts crosB-section into a layer of paper according to the information from the CAD model repeatedly until the required object is formed and lamination is actualized .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "sheet", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "coated", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "thermoplastic adhesive", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "sheet", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "roller", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [143, 149]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "CAD model", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [253, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process is simple and faster since the laser doesnhave to scan the entire area of the cross section .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "cross section", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Merits of this method includes that fact that large size parts can be built , it is cheap , no microstructural alteration during the process , and it is flexible in the sense that component does not need support structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "support structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [204, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Setbacks of this methods includes wastage of material during the subtractive process , complex internal cavities and hollow parts are difficult to build , and it has poor surface finishing .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "subtractive process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [171, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laminated object manufacturing has been demonstrated in aerospace and tool design industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laminated object manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "tool design industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [70, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser Metal Deposition , an additive manufacturing process , is used in building parts by melting a metal powder that is injected into a specific location by mean of a high power laser beam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser Metal Deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 58]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "metal powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "high power laser beam", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [168, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process of solidification and cooling occur in a closed chamber in an argon atmosphere so as to prevent oxidation of the melt pool .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "closed chamber", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "argon atmosphere", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "oxidation", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "melt pool", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process permits the use of high variety of metals and composites such as stainless steel mostly austenitic grades , which are mainly 316 , SS 316L , SS 304L and other exotic metals such as titanium and its alloys , composites and functionally graded materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "austenitic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "SS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "SS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [191, 193]}, {"entity": "alloys", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [211, 217]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "functionally graded materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [235, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major benefit of laser additive manufacturing technology is that , it provide new chances for customization of metallic components in terms of material composition manipulation and properties , improvements in product performance , and lower overall manufacturing costs due to its unique capabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 47]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "manufacturing costs", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [252, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lots of research and discoveries has been achieved with laser metal deposition as an additive manufacturing method with the employment of stainless steel and stainless steel composite with much effort in enhancing wear resistance and strength property .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "laser metal deposition", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [158, 173]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "wear resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [214, 229]}, {"entity": "strength property", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [234, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper presents an overview of selective laser sintering and selective laser melting process of stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 60]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 96]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some recent research works on stainless steel using these powder bed additive manufacturing techniques are presented and future research need are also proposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "powder bed additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 91]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective Laser Sintering of Stainless Steel This additive manufacturing process is a powder based layer-additive manufacturing process where metallic components are built section by section .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective Laser Sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Stainless Steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 80]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A moderately low laser power is used in this process as metallic material never reach a liquid phase during the heating process .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "liquid phase", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process occurs at a faster rate at high temperature which is why it involves heating a powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "heating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process is achieved when the laser scan powder material deposited on the substrate on the 2D crosB-section of the part created in 3D geometrical shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "laser scan", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "2D crosB-section", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "3D geometrical shape", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process is repeated in which after the first laser scan , the powder bed is lowered by the amount of thickness of the layer produced initially , and then a new layer of powder material is spread on the powder bed again on top of the initial scanned layer until a fully dense built part is produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "laser scan", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "powder material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "spread", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [192, 198]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [206, 216]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [253, 258]}, {"entity": "fully dense", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [267, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser sintering process has the potential to become one of the most valuable additive manufacturing techniques , because it has potential to easily produced complex shapes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser sintering process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 109]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [167, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the SLS process .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLS process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schematic diagram of selective laser sintering process .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser sintering process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few research investigations and studies have been done in the application of selective laser sintering with stainless steels .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 102]}, {"entity": "stainless steels", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stainless steel grades that has been involved in this process are the austenitic type mainly SS 316L and the precipitated hardened stainless steel grade PH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "austenitic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "SS", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "precipitated hardened", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "PH", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ibrahim studied the fabrication of a novel porous electrode scaffold made from stainless steel 316L powder using selective laser sintering by careful selection of process parameters and also how the property such as porosity , electrical conductivity and optical microscopy measurements were used to investigate the properties of the fabricated sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "fabrication", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "porous electrode scaffold", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 138]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 181]}, {"entity": "property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [199, 207]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 215]}, {"entity": "electrical conductivity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [227, 250]}, {"entity": "optical microscopy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [255, 273]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [316, 326]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [334, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this investigation stainless steel , SS316L with particle size of 25 to 50 micro-meter were built with 30 W laser power and 1500 mm/s scanning speed .", "entity": [{"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [137, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Density and porosity properties were investigated and it was discovered that high porosity metal parts can be produced by using a low laser power and high scan speed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Density and porosity", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "scan speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also revealed the feasibility of producing porous metal sintered parts for electrochemical devices using the right processing parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "feasibility", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "porous metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "electrochemical devices", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xie studied the mechanical and structural characteristics of porous 316L stainless steel fabricated by indirect laser sintering .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this investigation , a simple encapsulated method was developed to coat 316L SS powder fabricated by indirect SLS process , with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "encapsulated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "316L SS powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "SLS process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [132, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this experiment , a water atomized 316L stainless steel powder with particle size of 45 micro-meter and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin were used to encapsulate the stainless steel metallic particle together .", "entity": [{"entity": "experiment", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "water atomized", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 65]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [107, 145]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 190]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective laser sintering method was performed in a pure argon environment on a WYS600 SLS equipment with powder bed temperature 5 0 C below the melting temperature of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "pure argon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "SLS", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "equipment", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "powder bed", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 138]}, {"entity": "melting temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [149, 168]}, {"entity": "ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [172, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The processing parameters employed were scan spacing of 0.10 , 0.15 and 0.20 mm , laser power ranges between 10 and 35 W at interval of 5 W , scanning speed was set between 1000 and 2000 mm/s at difference of 200 mm/s and layer thickness was set at 0.15 mm .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [161, 164]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [222, 237]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [242, 245]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [254, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before characterization of the EVA resin , post-processing was carried out in pure hydrogen contained furnace .", "entity": [{"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "pure hydrogen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "furnace", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EVA resin was then characterized in terms of its thermal behaviour , density , porosity , average pore size .", "entity": [{"entity": "resin", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical test was performed on a CMT4305 electronic testing universal testing machine with a purpose of investigating the yield strength and young modulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mechanical test", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "electronic testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "yield strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [124, 138]}, {"entity": "young modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that the laser power and the sintering temperature are determining factor on the reduction in the porosity of the material .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that the characteristics of the sintered porous stainless steel 316 L produced can be use as a substitute for bones in biomedical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "biomedical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pal investigated the effect of post-processing and machining process parameters on the mechanical properties of stainless steel product produced by direct laser sintering .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [87, 108]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sample of stainless steel was fabricated in an argon atmosphere in a 40 degree centigrade pre-heating machining chamber with a fibre laser system having beam diameter of 0.1 mm .", "entity": [{"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "argon atmosphere", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "machining chamber", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [104, 121]}, {"entity": "fibre laser system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [129, 147]}, {"entity": "beam diameter", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [176, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Processing parameters of tensile specimens were 195 W laser power , scan speed of 900 mm/s with 40 micro-meter thickness layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "tensile specimens", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "scan speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tensile test was then performed with specimen dimensions 80 mm in total length , 40 mm gauge length , 5 mm gauge diameter , length of holding part was set at 20 mm and diameter 6 mm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tensile test", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "mm gauge diameter", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [104, 121]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 176]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [179, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that the tensile strength of the DLMS part increased after heat treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residual stresses remain in the het treated part with increased tensile strength due to rapid cooling without undergoing any post-processing stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "cooling", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered after the analysis that the energy density will determine the mechanical property which implies that tensile strength of the stainless steel can be controlled by the combination of the machining parameters and energy density .", "entity": [{"entity": "energy density", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "mechanical property", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 158]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 165]}, {"entity": "machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "energy density", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [228, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser power and scanning speed will also determine the extent of surface roughness of the stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "studied the deformation mechanism of 17-4 precipitated hardened stainless steel fabricated by direct metal laser sintering using micro pillar compression testing and transmission electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "precipitated hardened", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "fabricated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "direct metal laser sintering", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 122]}, {"entity": "micro pillar compression testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [129, 161]}, {"entity": "transmission electron microscopy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [166, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17- 4 stainless steel were first produced using direct metal laser sintering system in an argon atmosphere with spherical size of approximately 15 45 micro-meter in diameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "direct metal laser sintering system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [48, 83]}, {"entity": "argon atmosphere", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "spherical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning speed was 750 mm/s with scanning direction made 67 degrees between successive building layers with hatch spacing was 0.11 mm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "scanning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "hatch spacing", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "micro compression properties of the 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steel was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "precipitation hardened", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcome revealed that the microstructure and properties of the 17-4 stainless steel stainless steel specimens vary significantly from those produced by conventional manufacturing methods because of fine grain evolution that emerged .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "17-4 stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 83]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "conventional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [152, 178]}, {"entity": "grain evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel Selective Laser Melting process is an additive manufacturing technology that can be used to produce solid metallic components from metallic powder by using a high intensity laser to melt and fuse selective region of the metallic powder layer by layer according to the computer aided design data .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective Laser Melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Stainless Steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Selective Laser Melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 74]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 103]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [225, 229]}, {"entity": "fuse", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [234, 238]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [263, 278]}, {"entity": "layer by layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [279, 293]}, {"entity": "computer aided design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [311, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new layer of metal powder is applied and the build platform is being lowered by the amount of thickness of one layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "metal powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "build platform", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process involves building of component layer by layer by depositing a thin metallic powder on a substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "building of component layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [21, 48]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "thin metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "substrate", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high intensity power laser is then used to melt and fuse together a specific area of the metallic powder according to the data from the 3D CAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "fuse", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the laser scanning is completed , succeeding layer of metallic powder is deposited on top and laser scans another new layer until the required component is completely built after repeated successive layer of metallic powder is deposited .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "laser scans", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the laser scanning processes completed , loose powders are removed from the building chamber and the component can be separated from the substrate plate manually or by electrical discharge machining .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser scanning processes", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [9, 33]}, {"entity": "powders", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "building chamber", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "substrate plate", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [142, 157]}, {"entity": "electrical discharge machining", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schematic diagram describing the SLM process is shown in Figure 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figure 2 : Schematic diagram selective laser melting process Numerous research has been conducted with the application of selective laser melting of stainless steel in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 60]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 145]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jandin 2005 investigated the influence of laser power strength on the porosity of component built .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser power strength", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "component", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their study , ytterbium fibre laser with a wavelength of 1065 nm was used to process the 316L stainless steel powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibre laser", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "wavelength", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experiment showed that low laser power and high scanning speed caused incomplete melting of the powder material and resulted in high porosity in the components .", "entity": [{"entity": "experiment", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "powder material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "components", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be improved by increasing the laser power , and decreasing the scanning speed .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wang investigated selective laser melting of stainless steel 316L with low porosity and high build rates by employing fast scanning speeds to fabricate high-density stainless steel 316L parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [18, 41]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "build rates", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "scanning speeds", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "fabricate", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the study was to improve the production rate while maintaining a low porosity for the selective laser melting-built parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "selective laser", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study shed light on the improvement of selective laser melting build rates without any decrease in the mechanical properties or any loss of parts density of stainless steel 316L .", "entity": [{"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 66]}, {"entity": "build rates", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miranda investigated and developed models for predicting the physical and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel produced by selective laser melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 119]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [132, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of various processing parameters on density , hardness and shear strength of 316L stainless steel were studied using statistical analysis in order to significantly determine main factors and their interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "shear strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [91, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six different models were developed as a predictive design tool to determine the influence of these processing parameters on the shear strength , hardness and density .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "shear strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wang investigated the development of grain structure mechanism of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting and mechanical property characterization .", "entity": [{"entity": "grain structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [101, 124]}, {"entity": "mechanical property characterization", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [129, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The grain structure mechanism was studied using finite element analysis in order to reveal the growth mechanism of grains under rapid solidification condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "grain structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "finite element analysis", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 71]}, {"entity": "mechanism", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "rapid solidification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [128, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detailed analysis of crystal orientation of formed dendrite was performed using geometrical analysis in collaboration with experimental findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "crystal orientation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "dendrite", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "geometrical analysis", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [82, 102]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that rapid solidification caused by high-speed scanning resulted into sub-micron grains within the final solidified microstructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapid solidification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "high-speed scanning", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "sub-micron", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "solidified microstructure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [123, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also detected that grain size and densification was a dependant on high volume energy density of the laser which will significantly affect the mechanical properties of the final product formed after solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "grain size", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "densification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "volume", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "energy density", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 171]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [206, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Casati studied the microstructure and fracture behaviour of 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by selective laser melting and discovered that severe thermal gradients and high cooling rates affects the crystal growth and orientation of grain structure after solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "316L austenitic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 91]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [104, 127]}, {"entity": "thermal gradients", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [155, 172]}, {"entity": "cooling rates", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "crystal growth", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [208, 222]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [227, 238]}, {"entity": "grain structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [242, 257]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [264, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This causes material spattering and microstructure defects like pores and incomplete melted particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "microstructure defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "melted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of effect of different distribution of defects on mechanical response and failure mechanism were investigated using 316L bars with microstructure and texture built along two different orientations .", "entity": [{"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "mechanical response", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "failure mechanism", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "316L bars", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "texture", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "orientations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [198, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that semi-molten metallic powder particles of stainless steel 316L were responsible for the scattering and reduced strength of the material after solidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "semi-molten", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "metallic powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [163, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liu investigated the spatter behaviour of stainless steel 316L during selective laser melting process .", "entity": [{"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that spatter is caused as a result of negative impact of laser on the building of parts in successive layers during selective laser melting process .", "entity": [{"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "building of parts", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [134, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two types of spatter were identified which were droplet spatter , generated by the tearing behaviour of molten metal and powder spatter , which are produced when non-metallic powder particles around the molten pool are blown away as a result of metallic vapour impact .", "entity": [{"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "droplet spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "molten metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "powder spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "powder particles", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "molten pool", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 214]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [230, 232]}, {"entity": "metallic", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [245, 253]}, {"entity": "impact", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [261, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that oxygen composition increase during spatter and X-ray diffraction shows that diffraction peaks of austenite content and ferrite are low due to the formation of iron oxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "composition", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "spatter", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "X-ray diffraction", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "diffraction", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "austenite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "ferrite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "iron oxides", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [182, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Li investigated the deformation behaviour of stainless steel micro-lattice structures produced by selective laser melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "micro-lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [61, 85]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [98, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroscopic deformation of micro-lattice structures and microscopic stress and strain evolution were studied using a full scale 3D finite element model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macroscopic deformation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "micro-lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 51]}, {"entity": "microscopic stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "strain", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "element", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finite element prediction revealed that deformation of micro-lattice is significantly affected by applied boundary conditions and constitutive properties of the selective laser melted parent material .", "entity": [{"entity": "finite element", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "deformation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "micro-lattice", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "boundary conditions", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "selective laser melted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 187]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [195, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhao studied the influence of stainless steel decarburization on its youngmodulus hardness and tensile strength during selective laser melting process .", "entity": [{"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "decarburization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "youngmodulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "tensile strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [119, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was investigated using evolution mechanism of the chemical element during SLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "element", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that during decarburization process 21 % of carbon composition was lost and as a result , it reduces the young modulus and hardness of the molten pool boundary as well as the tensile property of the stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "decarburization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "young modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [141, 149]}, {"entity": "molten pool", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "boundary", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 180]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [186, 188]}, {"entity": "tensile property", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [193, 209]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [217, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser melting also been used to process martensitic grade of stainless steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "martensitic grade", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Krakhmalev investigated the evolution of microstructure in AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel during selective laser melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "AISI 420", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that several upper layers which are in austenite phase posses hardness value higher than the final bulk microstructure of thermally decomposited martensite .", "entity": [{"entity": "austenite phase", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "thermally decomposited martensite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , numerical simulation results of thermal cycles discovered that thermal process can be controlled by variation of laser energy input .", "entity": [{"entity": "numerical simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "thermal cycles", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "laser energy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tribology of selective laser melting of 316Lstainless steel as a processed part under lubricated conditions was studied by Zhu .", "entity": [{"entity": "tribology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The friction and wear behaviours of 316L stainless steel produced both by selective laser melting and traditional methods were studied using a ring on-disc rig under lubricated conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "friction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "wear", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that the tribological performance of SLM stainless steel sample will be better if the pores can be drastically reduced with refined grains .", "entity": [{"entity": "tribological performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 51]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "grains", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cherry investigated how processing parameters affects the microstructural and physical properties of 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting .", "entity": [{"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "physical properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "316L stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [125, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After systematic characterization of porosity and microstructure , it was discovered that porosity is highest at lower laser energy and decreases at higher laser energy and also laser energy density alteration resulted in production of dense parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "laser energy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "laser energy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "laser energy density", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [222, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Material hardness was also increased due to reduction in porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "hardness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the research that has been done focused mostly on austenitic stainless steel grade , 316L and also on martensitic grade AISI 420 .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "austenitic stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 84]}, {"entity": "martensitic grade", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "AISI 420", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective laser melting has been extensively explored with stainless steel but further study need to be done with the employment of other grades of stainless steel This review article summarizes the current state-of-the-art for biomimicry in additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selective laser melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 163]}, {"entity": "state-of-the-art", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [207, 223]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [228, 238]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [242, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimicry is the practice of learning from and emulating nature - which can be increasingly realized in engineering applications due to progress in additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [149, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM has grown tremendously in recent years , with improvements in technology and resulting material properties sometimes exceeding those of equivalent parts produced by traditional production processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has led to the industrial use of AM parts even in highly critical applications , most notably in aerospace , automotive and medical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "AM parts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "medical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [129, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to create parts with complex geometries is one of the most important advantages of this technology , allowing the production of complex functional objects from various materials including plastics and metals that can not be easily produced by any other means .", "entity": [{"entity": "complex geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "complex functional objects", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [140, 166]}, {"entity": "various materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [172, 189]}, {"entity": "plastics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 219]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [233, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utilizing the full complexity allowed by AM is the key to unlocking the huge potential of this technology for real world applications and biomimicry might be pivotal in this regard .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimicry may take different forms in AM , including customization of parts for individuals , or optimization for specific properties such as stiffness and light-weighting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "specific properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [140, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimization process often uses an iterative simulation-driven process analogous to biological evolution with an improvement in every iteration .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "biological evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other forms of biomimicry in AM include the incorporation of real biological inputs into designs ; the use of cellular or lattice structures for various applications and customized to the application ; incorporating multi-functionality into designs ; the consolidation of numerous parts into one and the reduction of waste , amongst others .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "biological inputs", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [241, 248]}, {"entity": "consolidation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [255, 268]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [304, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous biomimetic design approaches may be used broadly categorized into customized/freeform , simulation-driven and lattice designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [119, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "not for prototyping .", "entity": [{"entity": "prototyping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current limits of each design approach are discussed and the most exciting future opportunities for biomimetic AM applications are highlighted .", "entity": [{"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "biomimetic AM applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [104, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beauty found in nature is often inspirational - and this inspiration has found its way into functional mechanical engineering through the latest developments in additive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [107, 129]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [165, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other forms of engineering beauty are structural hierarchy , order or lack of order , and combinations with other structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "structural hierarchy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Learning from these biological structures may advance our use of efficient structures in engineering applications and may even help to provide new solutions to engineering problems , in a sustainable way .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "sustainable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [188, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimicry in engineering involves the study of biological systems specifically with the aim to use information learned in solving engineering problems , or for use in engineering applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "biological systems", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [168, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nature , structural features from nano to micro to macro scale define an objectproperties and functionalities and vice versa .", "entity": [{"entity": "nano", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "macro scale", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern engineering design has the possibility to change the structural features and properties of the objects while maintaining functionality or to apply simulation to find a design for specific required properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [175, 181]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [204, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an ideal case , AM is able to translate innovative biomimetic design into physical objects with the desired properties and functionality .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of this potential has particularly realistic prospects when using AM , with its freedom of design and complex production capabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capability to emulate the complex structures and hence the properties of biological materials is the aim of biomimicry .", "entity": [{"entity": "complex structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , failure of a specific design that is claimed to be biomimetic but uses no input from nature , might undermine the credibility of biomimicry .", "entity": [{"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often structures with curves and rounded edges in any way resembling something in nature are referred to as or This is not incorrect but it must be kept in mind that no biological input is present , and as such is not truly biomimetic or bio-inspired .", "entity": [{"entity": "rounded edges", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [203, 205]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [224, 234]}, {"entity": "bio-inspired", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [238, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , when a structure is designed for a biological application it may be termed biomimetic or bionic simply due to its intended biological role .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topology optimization , generative design and simulation-driven design tools used to create optimized designs using simulation often create unconventional and complex shapes and forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulation-driven design process is in reality also biomimetic or bio-inspired in the sense that it is iterative and therefore mimics aspects of natural evolutionary strategies in a short timeframe .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "bio-inspired", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the area of cellular or lattice structure design , some engineers refer to all porous engineered structures as biomimetic simply due to their resemblance to natural porous materials , or their similarity to the biological equivalent .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "lattice structure design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 51]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "porous materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "biological equivalent", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [214, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , cellular and lattice designs have unlimited design permutations and can therefore be tailored to the application .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the most important application for these porous engineered structures is in dental and bone implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "dental and bone implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [88, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter is a biomimetic application in the sense that the structure should emulate bone for best results , in terms of mechanical properties and permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic application", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 143]}, {"entity": "permeability", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , biomimetic lattice structures may also specifically refer to stochastic design strategies which create structures with a random distribution of strut thicknesses and lengths the randomness emulates nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "stochastic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "strut thicknesses", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [154, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A biomimetic and bio-inspired approach to materials design has attracted great interest from scientists in diverse areas : biophysics and biomaterials , sensors and chemistry , materials science and engineering , to name a few .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "bio-inspired", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "biophysics", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "biomaterials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "sensors", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "chemistry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [177, 186]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2016 , with the progress in AM technology and wider understanding of the fact that complex designs can be realized in real AM products , biomimetic approaches began to be the subject of research in more than 150 papers per year .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technology", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [164, 166]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest in lattice structures produced by AM also increased year by year .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years AM has grown from a prototyping technology to a reliable direct production technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "prototyping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , metal AM has developed tremendously , up to the point where it is now possible to produce functional metal parts for critical applications in medical and aerospace industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "aerospace industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [170, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powder bed fusion is the term used to specifically describe metal AM using a laser or electron beam to melt tracks and layers for the manufacture of detailed and complex shaped parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "electron beam", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "melt", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The track-by-track and layer-by-layer PBF process allows the manufacturing of parts with intricate , complex designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part complexity allows designs to be optimized for specific applications such as light-weighting in aerospace parts or improving bone growth and implant success in bone implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "bone growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "bone implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [164, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been demonstrated that the mechanical performance of PBF parts can be superior to traditionally manufactured equivalents and lots of work has been done in particular in Ti6Al4V as shown in .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "PBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 183]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [184, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser powder bed fusion is limited to intricate parts typically smaller than 300 mm for larger metal parts it is possible to use wire and arc AM with a reduction in detail possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laser powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "wire and arc AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to metals , various other materials can be reliably processed using AM including polymers , ceramics and various types of composites , as is discussed in more detail in .", "entity": [{"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "processed", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "ceramics", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "composites", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metals are highly likely to have practical uses in biomimetic structural applications in military , aerospace and automotive industries due to the light-weight and strong parts that can be produced , and hence much effort has been aimed in this direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "biomimetic structural applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [51, 85]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "automotive industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [147, 159]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [186, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , many biological systems are based on combinations of stiff and softer materials , and often have mechanical properties more like polymers and composite materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological systems", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "polymers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [152, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , many applications also exist for nature-inspired designs in materials other than metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "metals", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the examples presented in this review focus specifically on metal AM , due to their relevance for high-value functional end-use parts , but the same principles apply to all other additively manufactured materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [187, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For products designed by biomimicry , it has been proposed that two broad approaches exist : the approach and the approach as outlined in .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first case , the designer/engineer is inspired by a biological concept or model and applies this to a new design idea .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological concept", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "model", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to these approaches , three major ways of obtaining a designed biomimetic model in practice exist : customized/freeform design , simulation-driven design and lattice design .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [170, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , lattices may be incorporated in a freeform design process or in a simulation-design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these approaches may also be used with or without direct input from nature , with varying levels of biological input or bio-inspiration possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Customized and freeform design involves manipulation with curved surfaces and is typically used to create custom and unique designs fit for a particular application while maintaining functionality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Customized and freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "curved surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , customized implants aimed at directly replicating the bone shape for replacement , tree-like support structures , nervouB-system-inspired shade or hierarchical networks where nodes constantly branch and merge .", "entity": [{"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "bone shape", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "tree-like support structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [98, 126]}, {"entity": "hierarchical networks", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process is the simplest of the biomimetic design methods , particularly useful for customization such as in prosthetics or implants , and is also used in artistic design .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "prosthetics", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With reference to prosthetics and implants , the design requirement is taken from a biological shape , hence the biomimetic description .", "entity": [{"entity": "prosthetics", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "biological shape", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , freeform design results in organic shapes which can often resemble natural structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulation-driven design is a very promising approach which has emerged in recent years and is especially useful for light-weight design for engineering applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This involves structural optimization and uses an iterative process of simulation and material removal to optimize the required material distribution or material stiffness for a given set of expected load cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 37]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "material stiffness", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process of stepwise optimization is similar to most evolutionary processes in nature , and removal of material in areas of low stress is a similar optimization strategy as is used in natural systems , hence the motivation to categorize this process as biomimetic .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [246, 253]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [254, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The field of topology optimization in AM was reviewed recently in , where the current limits of the practical use of this technique was discussed in detail , especially with regards to overhang angle , support removal , residual stress , build quality including challenges in software tools that need to be solved for its more widespread adoption .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 34]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "overhang angle", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [220, 235]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [238, 243]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [276, 284]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [304, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of additively-manufactured lattice or cellular structures is a highly relevant approach which is often combined with the former methods , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the incorporation of lattices or cellular designs into optimized organic or topology optimized designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "cellular designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural systems often use cellular structures and these are widely used in bio-inspiration for the use of lattices in engineering parts , hence the categorization as biomimetic .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattices have obvious light-weighting advantages , high specific stiffness , fracture toughness , crack growth arresting , amongst other desirable and tailorable properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "specific stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "crack growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One major application of cellular structures is their use in bone implants , to improve osseointegration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "bone implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design theory for present-day AM in general was reviewed and limitations discussed in .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the topic of biomimetic 3D printing , the review gives a detailed overview of the use of biological inputs into the design process , discusses biological study systems used in biomimicry and focusses on applications of polymer and multi-material 3D printing , but does not discuss metal AM or simulation-driven design .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "biological inputs", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [222, 229]}, {"entity": "multi-material 3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [234, 260]}, {"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [284, 292]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [296, 313]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [314, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic approaches for AM include the design of innovative materials and systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to simulation-driven design of single-material parts , fracture-resistant composite materials could be designed using simulation-driven design and validated by multi-material 3D printing as demonstrated in .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "fracture-resistant composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 95]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [130, 147]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "multi-material 3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [172, 198]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [199, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multi-material biomimetic design for medical purposes has been demonstrated in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not all freeform designs , lattice designs or topology optimized designs include biological input , but they are still referred to as biomimetic in a broader sense .", "entity": [{"entity": "freeform designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "True biological input in the AM design process is still rare in engineering due to the lack of biologists involved in engineering design in general .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , biological materials science is a mature field which focuses on studying biological systems to understand their properties and potentially employ these designs in engineering systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 35]}, {"entity": "biological systems", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [178, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological materials often possess superior mechanical properties due to unique combinations of hard and soft materials and gradients between them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biologically inspired design principles have been categorized recently into fibrous , helical , gradient , layered , tubular , cellular , suture and overlapping structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "fibrous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "tubular", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "suture", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides broad design categories or guidelines , the use of X-ray tomography to study intricate details of individual biological structures in 3D for biomimetic applications is also a promising strategy to learn from nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "X-ray tomography", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "biological structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [117, 138]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "biomimetic applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [149, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incorporating biological inputs into engineering design is a topic of continued effort and includes the development of biomimicry design databases .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological inputs", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "databases", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic design has also been named as it has been suggested that these approaches may lead to the use of the minimum required materials , which is most environmentally sustainable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "sustainable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the access to complexity and freedom of design , which is often cited for AM , all the biomimetic approaches discussed here have practical manufacturability limits in the context of present-day AM systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "manufacturability limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 171]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [202, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent review paper covers the use of AM to produce bio-inspired structures with the main aim to learn about and optimize the biological structures themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "bio-inspired structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "biological structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [128, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the area of biomimetic cellular design , various recent reviews are useful and relevant to bone implant applications in particular , and are more generally discussed for various applications in .", "entity": [{"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "biomimetic cellular design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 41]}, {"entity": "bone implant applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [94, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore the aim of this present review paper to fill the gaps between these areas and address all the above biomimetic approaches in one cohesive framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "framework", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most examples used in this paper are focused on metal AM due to its ability to produce functional end-use parts , but the principles are broadly applicable to all additively manufactured materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [163, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While most of the discussion and examples are using laser powder bed fusion , other AM technologies are equally applicable and the design and challenges vary slightly with each technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 75]}, {"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [177, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , binder jetting has shown some promise for realization of complex designs cost effectively , but the obtained material properties require investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "binder jetting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fields of biomimicry and AM hold a unique synergy and inter-dependence on one another .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 True biomimicry True biomimicry of natural form , involves the purposeful emulation of structure-function relationships in biological entities to solve engineering challenges , or to apply these to advanced engineering systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "biological entities", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [209, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review on biomimicry and bio-inspiration in the field of AM and 3D printing is provided in and focuses on explaining different potential biological study organisms and associated applications with specific biological input , mostly by polymer AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [208, 224]}, {"entity": "polymer", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [245, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the review highlights the potential for different forms of AM technologies to mimic nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM technologies", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "mimic", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As mentioned above , the goal of biomimetic research is to learn generic design rules from natural systems to assist the development of optimized biomimetic materials which can be used widely in engineering systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "design rules", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "biomimetic materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 166]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [177, 179]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [195, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To illustrate , osteoderms thin plates of dermal bone that form protective natural body armour in various animal species not only play a defensive role , but might also be involved in physiological processes such as thermoregulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoderms", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "dermal bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 171]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural changes required for a physiological capacity might decrease the strength of osteoderms , rendering the structure less optimally adapted for protection than what would be expected .", "entity": [{"entity": "capacity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "osteoderms", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , a bio-inspiration approach can be employed to alter specific properties of the natural structure resulting in an optimal design .", "entity": [{"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "specific properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glyptodon osteoderms consists of a lattice core sandwiched between two compact layers that form a shell .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoderms", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "lattice core", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "compact", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By printing and testing 3D models with varying lattice and shell parameters , the optimized shell thickness compared to lattice density and lattice strut thickness was revealed .", "entity": [{"entity": "testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "3D models", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "lattice density", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar procedures have been used to reverse-engineer a natural structure for application as a gripping device the Aristotlelantern structure as described in .", "entity": [{"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanical properties of natural materials , particularly the superior fracture toughness , make biological structures highly suitable for biomimetic studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "biological structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "biomimetic studies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , a major advantage of AM is that a structure of interest can be further optimized by using materials that do not occur naturally in biological systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "biological systems", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of glyptodont osteoderms , the use of biomimetic reverse-engineered metal models show remarkable strength and energy absorption capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoderms", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "energy absorption capacity", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [122, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides material properties , the combination of hard and soft materials has been studied for improved fracture toughness properties using simulation-driven design tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 27]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a recent study , pangolin scales were used as inspiration for bendable protective material for aerospace applications different combinations of hard plates and soft connecting material were 3D printed and mechanically tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "bendable protective material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 93]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "3D printed", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [193, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , the microarchitecture of biological structures , which can be categorized as one of eight forms : fibrous , helical , gradient , layered , tubular , cellular , suture and overlapping , plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of biological materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "microarchitecture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "biological structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "fibrous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "tubular", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "suture", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [237, 258]}, {"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [262, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structural organizations can be replicated by AM to study and optimize the arrangement of biological materials as discussed in .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical structures such as functional graded materials , structures and surfaces can be produced directly by AM or in combination with other methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hierarchical structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , LPBF and femtosecond laser surface modification makes it possible to produce complex hierarchical structures for wettability applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "femtosecond laser", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "hierarchical structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "wettability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereolithography and LPBF was applied for manufacturing of a multi-material arm orthosis ; this approach can be used for manufacturing implants where the strength varies throughout the implant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stereolithography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [186, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , AM of in-situ LPBF sintered composite objects also is a form of biomimicry since biological tissues are composite materials with stiff reinforcing elements and binding medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "in-situ", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "biological tissues", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "composite materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 136]}, {"entity": "reinforcing elements", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [148, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pivotal tool to characterize structures for biomimicry or bio-inspiration is X-ray micro-computed tomography , as reviewed in .", "entity": [{"entity": "tool", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "X-ray micro-computed tomography", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [79, 110]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroCT is ideally suited to obtain detailed microstructural information of natural structures in 3D , which can be used to directly replicate natural structures , measure 3D design values and implement these in engineering structures as bio-inspiration , or in a broader sense to create a design principle without using any measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "MicroCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "3D design values", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [212, 223]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [235, 237]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [290, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three are shown in 3 , using the examples of a direct replication of a structure printed on an entry-level FDM printer , a reverse-engineered design based on measurements taken from a natural structure and a generic bio-inspiration example in which honeycomb structures are used as light-weight design .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct replication", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "FDM printer", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [222, 237]}, {"entity": "honeycomb structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [255, 275]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [285, 287]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [301, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main aim of direct replication is to investigate the structure of interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct replication", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For reverse-engineering , the goal is similar to that of direct replication , but the techniques make the structure more practical for direct engineering applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct replication", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The generic bio-inspiration involves using design or guidelines from nature , which might be more beneficial when limits are imposed on the structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One biological structure that is of particular interest to biomimetic studies , and which has been studied extensively using microCT , is the lightweight structure of bird feathers and bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "biological structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "biomimetic studies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "lightweight structure", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "bird feathers", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [167, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , bio-inspiration and design rules might be applied in engineering designs for aerospace applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "bio-inspiration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "design rules", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent work using topology optimization techniques , an optimized light-weight structure for an airplane wing was demonstrated through simulation and optimization , with the obtained structure having a strong resemblance to the structure of bird wing bones , i.e. , a solid shell and connecting rods at angles inside the hollow structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "airplane wing", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 165]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [277, 282]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [331, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the optimality of bone design had been well described analytically , this was the first example of large-scale computational structure design : the rapid increase in computing power over the last years now allows for obtaining detailed structures from simulation-driven design tools , which for the first time nears the complexity of natural systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "computational structure design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [117, 147]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [258, 275]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [276, 282]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [326, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the complexity that AM allows makes it possible to manufacture true biomimetic structures , yet , knowledge of the biological structure is necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "manufacture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "biological structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [131, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 Customized and freeform design Traditional design for engineering involves individual part design in computer-aided design tools , with engineering expertise and intuition required to understand the limits of traditional subtractive manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Customized and freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 32]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "computer-aided design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [103, 124]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "traditional subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [211, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This most often results in traditional designs with right angles and flat surfaces due to the simplicity for subtractive manufacturing of such designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [109, 134]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last few years , advanced manufacturing techniques have become available and viable which allows the design engineer more freedom to create parts with more complex designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These new design capabilities allow organic shapes and freeform designs , which are often also termed biomimetic due to their organic shapes resembling natural structures and sometimes , in the case of medical devices in particular , the forms are shaped to fit natural materials such as bone implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "freeform designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "medical devices", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "fit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [258, 261]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [270, 279]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [285, 287]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [293, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural structures tend to comprise of curves and organic shapes as they represent a balance between minimal energy expenditure and material used on the one hand , and maximal return of work on the other hand , all within the organismdevelopmental limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "energy expenditure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [248, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freeform and custom designs may be termed biomimetic as they resemble natural structures in these aspects , but without the constraints imposed by the organism itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeform", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this freedom of design , traditional engineering thinking is often limited to experience of using right angles and flat surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to optimally use this new design freedom , additional tools are needed .", "entity": [{"entity": "design freedom", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important contributing tools for freeform design are discussed here .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these is the shaping of curved and organic surfaces by the use of T-splines and more recently polygonal non-uniform rational B-spline .", "entity": [{"entity": "shaping", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "T-splines", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "non-uniform rational B-spline", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [111, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tools allow organic designs with curved surfaces that often resemble natural structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "curved surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are also critical tools in final steps of topology optimization and even true biomimetic reverse engineering structures , ultimately allowing for watertight models with curved geometries .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "watertight models", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 169]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [182, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only do these tools make custom curved shapes possible in a relevant workspace , but they are also effectively translated into geometries suitable for simulation and/or AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [173, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of custom design especially for implants patient-specific implants are a special category and require a particular workflow involving the processing of medical image data , the use of CAD tools and design for AM knowledge to yield a good resulting implant as discussed in .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "workflow", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "image data", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [193, 196]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [207, 213]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [218, 220]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [257, 264]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [265, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example is shown in 4 where a patient-specific facial implant was produced in Ti6Al4V .", "entity": [{"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increases in computing power , the availability of cloud computing and the wider availability of CAE tools all led to the sharp increase in advanced and complex design capability .", "entity": [{"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "cloud computing", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "CAE", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "led", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [161, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the first examples was the Insight Plotfrom Solidworks , which demonstrates the main load paths in a designed part , as calculated from one or more applied loads by finite element modelling .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "finite element modelling", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [172, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a forerunner of topology optimization tools which will be discussed in more detail in the next section .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As mentioned above , AM releases much of the traditional limits of subtractive manufacturing allowing much wider allowed manufacturing complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "subtractive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 92]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is already broadly acknowledged , and new design rules for reliable manufacturing in all forms of AM are emerging and in many cases are already mature and well-defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "design rules", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design for AM rules and practical issues are discussed in detail in and more recently in the context of topology optimization in .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One major advantage of these new design tools for creating manually organic and curved surfaces and shapes is the ability to create artistic features the resemblance to biological/natural and organic structures brings a new dimension to artistic designs for end-use products .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "curved surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "biological/natural", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [169, 187]}, {"entity": "organic structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [192, 210]}, {"entity": "dimension", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [246, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of 3D printing in arts , fashion and jewelry is growing as is shown in and artistic design is easily achieved by AM , without significantly adding to the cost of the product .", "entity": [{"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "fashion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freeform design tools can be used to shape custom-fit sportswear or footwear , with the first fully-AM footwear being produced by Adidas Futurecraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "footwear", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "footwear", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design of this shoe is entirely latticed giving a futuristic and biomimetic visual appeal .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are two examples of mass production and mass customization by AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "mass production", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspects of importance besides personal/custom design for fit , is the incorporation of logos or names , and the ability for the customer to take part in the design process giving them some options making their product unique .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "fit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Simulation-driven biomimetic design One of the first drivers of the concepts behind simulation-driven design was from the ideas of Julius Wolff , the 19th Century Orthopedic surgeon , who first suggested that , a consequence of primary shape variations and continuous loading , or even due to loading alone , bone changes its inner architecture according to mathematical rules and , as a secondary effect and governed by the same mathematical rules , also changes its shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "variations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [244, 254]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [311, 315]}, {"entity": "architecture", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [334, 346]}, {"entity": "mathematical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [360, 372]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [385, 387]}, {"entity": "mathematical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [432, 444]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of topology optimization sprung from here from the concept that a structure can be optimized by following load paths and be modified to fit the particular mechanical requirement .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "fit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [167, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first industrial class software solutions incorporating the rules of design along with the ability to capture the along with the constraints to automatically generate design was released in the early 1990This was primarily the beginning of CAE simulation driving inspirational designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "industrial", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [171, 177]}, {"entity": "CAE simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [244, 258]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [281, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the years many manufacturing constraints have also been added to shape these designs to be cognizant of the downstream manufacturing , and is relevant to different manufacturing processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 45]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "manufacturing processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [169, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the part is produced by an extrusion process , then using the extrusion constraints will generate a shape that is extrudable across the defined design space .", "entity": [{"entity": "extrusion process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "extrusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "design space", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , on specifying a casting constraint , the bionic shape that is generated will be free of undercuts for easy extraction from the casting molds .", "entity": [{"entity": "casting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "undercuts", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "casting molds", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For AM , overhang constraints generate shapes that have minimal support requirement during build in a given print direction , with less horizontal sections , for example .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "overhang constraints", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [9, 29]}, {"entity": "support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are various manufacturing constraints in AM that can be incorporated into the design optimization process and it is the incorporation of these into the topology optimization process which will create designs ready for production .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 43]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "design optimization process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 111]}, {"entity": "topology optimization process", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [158, 187]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [224, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shown in 5 are selected examples from Altair covering a variety of parts that illustrate the power of simulation in mimicking nature for product design that outperform conventional designs and are manufacturable and lightweight .", "entity": [{"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "product design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "manufacturable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [197, 211]}, {"entity": "lightweight", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [216, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first example is the HardMarque automotive piston which was designed and optimized for production by additive manufacturing in titanium the end result is reported to be 25 % lighter and equally strong compared to the original aluminium part .", "entity": [{"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "additive manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [105, 127]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [230, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second example from Renishaw is a seat post bracket of a mountain bike , meant to replace a cast aluminium part with additively manufactured titanium : the mass reduction was reported at 40 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [121, 144]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third example is a case study from the aerospace industry , in particular the optimization of a mechanical hinge for an Airbus A320 by the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Innovation Works in this case a 75 % mass reduction was realized .", "entity": [{"entity": "case study", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "aerospace industry", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "Airbus A320", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [223, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last example is a research project with Laser Zentrum Nord focusing on lightweighting of aircraft cabin brackets .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulation-driven design in the context of AM refers to the use of simulation to numerically and a given space to meet some desired performance criteria under a defined set of constraints .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This currently refers to either of topology optimization or generative design , which can often be used interchangeably in the context of AM both involve the use of simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topology optimization refers to optimizing an existing shape or design space .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "design space", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generative design is a broader definition of exploring a variety of possible designs within a given space with a desire to identify an optimal solution from various possible solutions meeting the same performance criteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Generative design", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the context of design for AM , both the approaches are aimed at creating light-weight parts which mostly contain material in areas were load is experienced and material is removed in areas which do not require it .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process of simulation and material-removal or addition is repeated iteratively until an optimization goal is achieved , and this iterative process may be seen analogous to the process of evolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [156, 158]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "evolution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [192, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , these simulations sometimes make use of genetic and evolutionary algorithms .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulations", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "genetic and evolutionary algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effectively , these algorithms incorporate rules like in nature to mathematically disallow weaklings to proliferate , but in an accelerated fashion using clever computational methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "algorithms", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "fashion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "clever computational methods", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [154, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently this was also described in terms of manufacturing challenges in and in terms of available software tools and their differences and limits in .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A good example of topology optimization , applied to an extreme lightweighting requirement is the design of a titanium alloy drone frame , with larger dimensions than can be produced on typical powder bed fusion systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "lightweighting", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "titanium alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [171, 173]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [194, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was produced on the large-scale laser powder bed fusion system called Aeroswift and the design done in collaboration with Altair .", "entity": [{"entity": "laser powder bed fusion system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [37, 67]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design iteration process is shown in 6 , done in Altair Inspire .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another example of a topology optimized part a load bearing bracket is shown in 7 , which is taken from .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "bearing bracket", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This titanium alloy bracket was designed to replace a traditional composite bracket in an experimental vehicle for the Shell eco-challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Shell", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design process schematic here shows the original composite part , the design space , the optimized solution and the final smoothed solution , after application of connections and polyNURBS to the surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "composite", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "design space", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "smoothed solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "polyNURBS", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [183, 192]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [200, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This part was also used in a round robin test whereby the same bracket was produced at various commercial laser powder bed fusion systems and detailed analysis performed using microCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "round robin test", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "laser powder bed fusion systems", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 137]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study highlighted the need for testing AM parts to ensure structural integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "AM parts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [62, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another example is the design for a large bracket for the same vehicle related to the above-mentioned example .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 shows the optimized topology itself which is also latticed : this is a sequential process in most software packages and the area to be latticed and the lattice parameters are selected by the user .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latticing will be discussed in the next section and holds many advantages but must be carefully implemented in a design , due to issues such as requirement for supports inside the lattice region , and struts which are potentially too thin .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 143]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [201, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is the Bugatti brake caliper which is shown in 9 , and which is currently the worldlargest functional part produced in titanium by AM .", "entity": [{"entity": "caliper", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case the use of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is especially useful for light-weighting , as this material is already strong and relatively light .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its use for automotive and aerospace applications is well known , but manufacturing complex designs by traditional manufacturing methods in this material is extremely challenging .", "entity": [{"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "traditional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 128]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The topology optimization result is visually impressive , the performance of this caliper has been validated in various tests and is used in production vehicles , with a 40 % mass reduction compared to the previous version made of aluminium .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "caliper", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [231, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Cellular and lattice design Cellular structures exist in nature in numerous shapes , sizes and packing arrangements some of the most well-known examples are the beehoneycomb , wood cells and spongy bone , all of which are discussed in a book by Gibson .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "beehoneycomb", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "wood cells", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "spongy bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [193, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroCT scans of some natural cellular materials are shown in 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MicroCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , one of the first true observations of cellular structures in nature can be traced back to 1665 , when Robert Hooke published his observation of the cellularity in cork and suggested that the unique behavior of cork was attributable to its underlying cellular structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "cork", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "cork", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [220, 224]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [260, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Humans have been using cellular materials such as wood , cork and bamboo , several millennia before we realized the underlying structural basis for their interesting behaviour .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "cork", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattices today owe much of their origins and design selection to mathematics and crystallography , as well as following Maxwellstability criterion , which was primarily developed in the context of large engineering structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "crystallography", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [203, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main utility of cellular or lattice structures lies in their ability to meet performance targets while enabling significant mass reduction , something that is a principle commonly embodied in nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While cellular materials do tend to have lower effective material stiffness and strength properties , this reduction is often acceptable and can be tailored to the application , as well as varied locally .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "effective material stiffness", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [47, 75]}, {"entity": "strength properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "reduction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [178, 180]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [186, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattices may also be useful for other purposes besides light-weighting : they have interesting thermal , acoustic properties and energy absorbing properties under compressive loading they perform a crucial protection role in nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "compressive loading", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [163, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular materials have also been seen as a crucial enabler for large system-level multi-functional design optimization , such as in an aircraft wing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "multi-functional design optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 119]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [127, 129]}, {"entity": "aircraft wing", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The categorization of natural cellular structures is discussed in more detail in a recent review article which focuses on biomimetic design of cellular materials utilizing cellular designs in engineering systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [122, 139]}, {"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [143, 161]}, {"entity": "cellular designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the most commonly used , and well-known bio-inspired cellular material is the honeycomb , which has found a wide range of applications in architecture , transportation , chemical engineering and more , as compiled in a review article .", "entity": [{"entity": "bio-inspired", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "honeycomb", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "architecture", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [210, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With regard to additively manufactured cellular materials , the emphasis in the past decade has been on lattice structures , and their use for medical bone-replacement implant applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "additively manufactured", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [104, 122]}, {"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [168, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this application , the primary role of the lattice is to allow for osseointegration of bone into the implant , thereby causing better fixation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "osseointegration", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "bone", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "implant", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent book chapter describes the most important criteria for bone regeneration in titanium implants produced by powder bed fusion and the production of topologically designed and otherwise designed porous lattices for this application was also reviewed in .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "titanium implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [85, 102]}, {"entity": "powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "topologically", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From an engineering standpoint , cellular materials are realized practically in commercial software packages using different approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional CAD software uses mesh-based representation , but recent developments in software are exploring the use of volumetric object representation to generate surfaces , and in at least one case , the use of implicit modeling via the definition of fields that then generate cellular structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "modeling", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [222, 230]}, {"entity": "cellular structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [279, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesh-based approaches can generate visually impressive lattices which conform well to the original surface design , and is relatively easily implemented for complex part geometries .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volumetric object representation approach allows for the user to select a unit cell from a wider variety of cellular designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "cellular designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The repeated unit cell approach also allows relatively easy prediction of mechanical properties of the structure , easing the design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "prediction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of unit cells and corresponding repeated lattice structures are shown in 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are all designed with the same total density , but the different designs result in different minimum feature thickness and pore sizes .", "entity": [{"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "minimum feature thickness", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 124]}, {"entity": "pore sizes", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first four are strut-based and the next four are minimal surface designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "strut-based", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter are found in nature , and have been shown to have good properties for bone implant applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "bone implant applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [81, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These minimal surfaces are sheet-based designs which are often self-supporting and tend to have zero average curvature at every point on the surface , which makes for a more even distribution of stresses within these structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "self-supporting", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "zero average curvature", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [96, 118]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [179, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the growing prevalence of design software capable of generating cellular structure designs , it is not always apparent what the best unit cell for a specific application is and this becomes even more challenging in the context of multi-functional design .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [255, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is in such a context that biomimetic design can play a key role , in helping develop structure-function relationships based on observations of cellular materials in nature , and using these to guide selection of cellular materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [146, 164]}, {"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [215, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural cellular materials span the range of parameter space used in design , from beam or strut-based materials to surface based ones , including structures that combine both types , as shown in 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [8, 26]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "beam", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "strut-based", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cellular materials occur in nature both internal to a form , as well as externally on the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main application of lattice structures , which has resulted in considerable research efforts , is their use in medical implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "medical implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this application the pore sizes required are typically small , requiring small feature sizes in general .", "entity": [{"entity": "pore sizes", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "feature sizes", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other applications than medical , such as in light-weight structures for aerospace or automotive parts , might prefer thicker lattices to focus on mechanical reliability and strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "medical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "mechanical reliability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 169]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [174, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental work with lattices with thick struts show excellent strength properties as shown in for 50 % density Ti6Al4V lattices of two strut-based designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "strength properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "strut-based designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [138, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simple strut-based lattice designs can be classified according to the Maxwell criterion as either bending-dominated or stretch-dominated as illustrated schematically and by a few examples in 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Maxwell criterion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Maxwell criterion for simple strut-based 3D structures is : M = b 3j + 6 Where b = the number of struts , and j = the number of joints When M < 0 the structure is bending-dominated When M 0 the structure is stretch-dominated and When M > 0 the structure is over-rigid Bending-dominated refers to the struts which tend to bend under compression of the lattice resulting in shear failure , while stretch-dominated structures are stiffer and fail in a layer-by-layer mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maxwell criterion", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "3D structures", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "b", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "b", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 84]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [248, 257]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [304, 310]}, {"entity": "compression", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [336, 347]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [355, 362]}, {"entity": "shear failure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [376, 389]}, {"entity": "stretch-dominated structures", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [398, 426]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [453, 467]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These failure modes have been observed in relatively thick-strut lattices and imaged by microCT in their initial failure locations .", "entity": [{"entity": "failure modes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanical response of lattice structures in general follows a linear elastic response up to the first point of buckling or failure , followed by a plateau region , followed by final densification .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical response", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "elastic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "first point of buckling", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [101, 124]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "densification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [187, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is shown in the example in 15 , which also shows why cellular materials are useful for energy absorption as they can handle significant yielding without catastrophic failure , under most circumstances .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "energy absorption", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lattice structure can be approximated as an open-cell foam , with effective elastic modulus E of the lattice related to the density of the structure and the elastic modulus of the bulk material - solid as follows : E = 2 E s o l i d s o l i d 2 In this relationship , the constant depends on the manufacturing accuracy and material properties and varies between 0.1 and 4 but is a constant for a specific material and process .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "foam", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [159, 174]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [187, 195]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [204, 206]}, {"entity": "s", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 214]}, {"entity": "o", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [227, 228]}, {"entity": "s", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [235, 236]}, {"entity": "o", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [237, 238]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [298, 311]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [312, 320]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [325, 344]}, {"entity": "specific material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [398, 415]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [420, 427]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What this relationship shows is that the effective elastic modulus can be controlled by the density alone this means that a lattice with unit cell design of 50 % density may use any unit cell size as long as the total space filled contains at least six unit cells in each direction then the material stiffness will be the same .", "entity": [{"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [197, 199]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [205, 207]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [253, 263]}, {"entity": "material stiffness", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [291, 309]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [315, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This means lattices with many thin struts might perform the same as lattices with less thick struts , an interesting design aspect which can be varied by application requirement .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also important to note that the exponent refers to ideal bending-dominated lattice while an ideal stretch-dominated lattice has exponent This is illustrated in 16 , for a range of lattice types clearly this exponent may vary somewhat depending on the lattice design selected .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "range", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [177, 182]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [257, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the relationships mentioned above , lattice designs must also be considered relative to manufacturing limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , sheet-based designs can typically print without supports , and strut-based designs can print without supports up to a certain strut length for horizontal struts .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "strut-based designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [77, 96]}, {"entity": "print", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "certain strut length", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "horizontal struts", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , manufacturing constraints are imposed on the design possibilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing constraints", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 37]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important limits are the minimum feature size , which , in practice , is limited not only by the powder size and laser spot size , but also by the 3D model slicing accuracy and the resulting hatch and contour scanning employed .", "entity": [{"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "minimum feature size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "laser spot size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "3D model slicing", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [156, 172]}, {"entity": "contour scanning", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [210, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in a recent study of thin-strut lattices , the standard processing parameters resulted in the inability to produce struts varying gradually from 0.2 to 0.4 mm .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [170, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , different designs were produced with approximately the same strut dimensions despite differences in design .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "strut", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "dimensions", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These thin-strut lattices also have relatively large surface roughness values compared to the strut thickness , which understandably affects the mechanical properties more than would be expected for a thicker-strut version .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "strut thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this above-mentioned study the experimental elastic modulus values were significantly lower than predicted mostly attributed to surface roughness and irregularity which creates stress concentrations in notches and in locations of very thin wall thickness .", "entity": [{"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "elastic modulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "predicted", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "stress concentrations", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [180, 201]}, {"entity": "notches", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [205, 212]}, {"entity": "wall thickness", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [243, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effectively for a metal laser powder bed fusion system with about 100 spot size , the minimum reliable wall thickness should be 0.3-0.4 mm if no special precautions or optimization for strut manufacturing is done to enhance the manufacturability .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "laser powder bed fusion system", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [24, 54]}, {"entity": "spot size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "wall thickness", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "strut", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [185, 190]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [228, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next section discusses material properties and will specifically mention limits with regards to lattice manufacturability .", "entity": [{"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 Material properties of AM biomimetic parts Biomimetic-designed and produced parts are visually so vastly different from traditional manufactured parts , that it causes mistrust and resistance to acceptance of this new technology , especially by engineers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 21]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "resistance", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [220, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some ways this is to be expected , as AM has a history of over-hype and under-delivery in the past .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the qualification process , mechanical properties of the optimized process can be tested and validated as demonstrated for Ti6Al4V in .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to obtain defect-free and accurately produced parts , X-ray tomography can be used as outlined in .", "entity": [{"entity": "accurately", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "X-ray tomography", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific process parameters which combine to create an object in AM all have an influence on the subsequent material properties and the manufacturing process of the object as a whole .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 161]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is true not only for fully dense objects , but also for complex or lattice design with biomimetic features such as custom or complex shapes , inner structures or surface modifications .", "entity": [{"entity": "fully dense", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "biomimetic features", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [92, 111]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "surface modifications", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [167, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , material properties and the properties of i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "single building blocks and joints between them also influence the properties of the LPBF object .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defects and flaws such as porosity occurs in the LPBF process due to various reasons and this can influence the mechanical properties of the final parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many process parameters the laser power , laser spot size and scanning speed , hatch distance , material properties , powder particle size distribution and powder layer thickness , the strategy , design and orientation of the 3D part and its supports , the scanning and building strategy , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "laser power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "laser spot size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "scanning speed", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "hatch distance", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [106, 125]}, {"entity": "powder particle", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [206, 212]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "3D part", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [236, 243]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [252, 260]}, {"entity": "scanning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [267, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which all may influence the molten pool size , further solidification , microstructural grain growth and eventually the mechanical properties , lifetime and performance of LPBF parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "molten pool", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "solidification", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "grain growth", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [120, 141]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The details of the AM process are discussed in the comprehensive review paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is already well known that variation of process parameters may influence the formation of porosity and may lead to extensive flaws and build imperfections , as is shown for example in a round robin test recently .", "entity": [{"entity": "variation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [160, 162]}, {"entity": "round robin test", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [189, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This highlights the need for process optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "process optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other properties such as corrosion are also strongly affected by processing conditions and are important for biomimetic applications , especially medical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "biomimetic applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [109, 132]}, {"entity": "medical applications", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [146, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , it was shown that a higher corrosion resistance of Co-Cr dental alloy was obtained by Selective Laser Melting in comparison with the Selective Laser Sintering process , due to a passive oxide protecting layer which formed on the surface of the SLM sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 61]}, {"entity": "Co-Cr dental alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "Selective Laser Melting", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [100, 123]}, {"entity": "Selective Laser Sintering process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [147, 180]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [217, 222]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [243, 250]}, {"entity": "SLM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [258, 261]}, {"entity": "sample", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [262, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takaichi found that metal elution from the LPBF dental implants was smaller than that of the aB-cast Co-Cr alloy .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "dental", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it could be said that LPBF materials have superior corrosion properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "LPBF materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "corrosion properties", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [58, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , procesB-parameters can influence the corrosion behavior of samples produced with different procesB-parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "corrosion behavior", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is already known that the level of microporosity affects the corrosion behavior as shown in .", "entity": [{"entity": "microporosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "corrosion behavior", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [83, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Micro-segregation of elements under specific LPBF procesB-parameters can occur causing different corrosion behavior at materials processed under different parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Micro-segregation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "corrosion behavior", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since melt pool boundaries may differ in corrosion resistance compared to the center of the meltpool , more melt pool boundaries imply different corrosion resistance of LPBF material .", "entity": [{"entity": "melt pool boundaries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 26]}, {"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 61]}, {"entity": "meltpool", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "melt pool boundaries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "corrosion resistance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [145, 165]}, {"entity": "LPBF material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [169, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These statements have to be taken into account especially for smart AM advanced biodegradable implants that should degrade with spatial and temporal controllability to meet the requirements of different bone regeneration stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "bone regeneration", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [203, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPBF samples have varying surface roughness on side , top and bottom surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attached powder particles can be eliminated by post-process mechanical or chemical procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "powder particles", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "post-process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for LPBF parts with complex shapes and fine features or lattice structures , full powder evacuation and targeted accuracy and roughness values can be quite difficult to obtain .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "roughness values", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [157, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface roughness is dependent on the building and scanning strategy , material properties , powder size , layer thickness , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "surface roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "scanning strategy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can influence not only the mechanical properties but also the biological response of bone cells or soft tissues when such an object is implanted .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "bone cells", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "implanted", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , there is currently no general approach and agreement about preferred roughness values or surface micron-scale features and pore size for effective bone cell growth and functioning of implants .", "entity": [{"entity": "roughness values", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "micron-scale", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "pore size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "bone cell", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "implants", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For lattice structures , the geometrical characteristics of unit cells , the building direction , overhang angles , hatch and contour scanning strategy may all influence the obtained roughness in the scaffolds and may cause deviations from designed sizes .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "overhang angles", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "contour scanning", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [126, 142]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 192]}, {"entity": "scaffolds", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [200, 209]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [240, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in du Plessis , the elemental cubic lattice was designed with a total 15 mm width , 0.75 mm strut thickness and 8 struts across one direction in total , resulting in 1.28 mm distance between struts and total 65 % porosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [185, 187]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [227, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One set of samples was built at standard procesB-parameters recommended for EOS Ti6Al4V in vertical direction , other ones at 45angle .", "entity": [{"entity": "set", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "EOS", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "vertical", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples were heat-treated for stresB-relieving as indicated in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "heat-treated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences in strut thickness , roughness and microstructure is clearly visible by crosB-sections and also different columnar prior beta-grain orientations are clearly present .", "entity": [{"entity": "strut thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "crosB-sections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "orientations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples that were produced at 45 degrees , had 25 % lower ultimate compression strength in comparison with vertical samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "compression strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "vertical samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bending and stretch-dominated lattices fail respectively in shear and layer-by-layer failure modes , and this might depend somewhat on the material ductility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bending", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "failure modes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a brittle material , shear failure is not desirable and layer-by-layer can be much preferred and even might act as protective mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "brittle material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [6, 22]}, {"entity": "shear failure", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "mechanism", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The layer-by-layer mechanism is more predictable as it is known where the next failure will occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "layer-by-layer", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "predictable", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "failure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , manufacturing imperfections might affect thin features more than thick features , hence thin struts should be thickened or well-designed with sufficient safety margin .", "entity": [{"entity": "manufacturing imperfections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [13, 40]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "safety", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained texturization in LPBF materials - grain and sub-grain sizes - depend on the procesB-parameters used and scanning strategy in LPBF materials as shown by .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBF materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "grain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "sub-grain sizes", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "scanning strategy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "LPBF materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microstructure of LPBF solid samples and their mechanical properties , fracture and fatigue behavior have some peculiarities in aB-built and heat-treated AM parts , which have been widely studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 72]}, {"entity": "fracture", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "heat-treated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "AM parts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the columnar boundaries of prior beta-phase were observed in aB-built Ti6Al4V ELI specimens and remain even after heat treatment of 950 for 2 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anisotropy in AM is often mentioned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anisotropy", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the mechanical properties of LPBF Ti6Al4V ELI was found to be strongly anisotropic where three-point bending fatigue tests were used with parts produced in different orientations .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "three-point bending fatigue tests", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [103, 136]}, {"entity": "orientations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [180, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crack propagation rate and fatigue life of aB-built and heat-treated samples correlated with column boundaries and orientation of the layers , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack propagation rate", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "fatigue life", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "heat-treated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "correlated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "column boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "correlated with the building direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "correlated", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For static tensile tests , lower ductility was observed experimentally for the horizontal specimens in comparison with vertical samples this could be attributed to long prior beta-grain boundaries in Ti6Al4V which grow in the build direction and are hence perpendicular to the loading direction in horizontal specimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "tensile tests", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "horizontal specimens", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "vertical samples", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "boundaries", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "Ti6Al4V", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [200, 207]}, {"entity": "build direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [226, 241]}, {"entity": "horizontal specimens", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [298, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As it was noted in , the orientation dependency of the ductility in AM is not yet clear and further in-depth investigations need to be done .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "orientation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical properties are dependent on building and scanning strategies and these vary for different materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "scanning strategies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 71]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , LPBF 316 L stainless steel had maximum strength and Youngmodulus under a 45 degree offset between the layer and loading direction , whereas AlSi10Mg revealed the lowest strength in this case .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "stainless steel", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Youngmodulus", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "offset", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "AlSi10Mg", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In samples manufactured by LPBF from a nickel-based alloy , strong crystallographic texture resulting in anisotropic properties was found in creep behavior : specimens with loading parallel to the building direction were superior compared to specimens with loading axis normal to the building direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "samples manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "nickel-based alloy", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "texture", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "creep behavior", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [197, 215]}, {"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [284, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Young 's modulus determined in measurements at room and elevated temperature was different during tensile testing parallel or perpendicular to the building direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "tensile testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [151, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building direction and laser scanning direction / scanning strategy are important for the mechanical integrity and this adds complexity to the optimal processing protocol for parts of complex shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "building direction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "scanning strategy", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "mechanical integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [94, 114]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "protocol", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "complex shape", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [188, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Material type , particle size distribution and particle shape , procesB-parameters , protective atmosphere , building and scanning strategies , post-processing , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "particle size distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "particle", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "scanning strategies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [144, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "should all be optimized according to the specific LPBF process so that biomimetic objects can be produced with the desired properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "biomimetic objects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [71, 89]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once material properties and structural integrity have been assessed , the parts produced can be trusted , especially when suitable design safety margins have been incorporated .", "entity": [{"entity": "material properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [132, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are some general suggested guidelines based on the experiences of the authors which can be used in addition to ensure safety and reliability of biomimetic parts in real world applications : 1 For lattices , thin struts might contain micro-porosity , rough surfaces and manufacturing imperfections which affect the mechanical properties sometimes more strongly than thicker features .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "safety", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [124, 130]}, {"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [218, 224]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [262, 270]}, {"entity": "manufacturing imperfections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [275, 302]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [320, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the cyclic response of lattices depend not only on the type of bulk material , but also on the roughness of the outer surface of the struts and the distribution of the micro-pores inside the struts which can both affect the crack initiation and crack propagation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "distribution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [209, 215]}, {"entity": "crack propagation", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [263, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post processing chemical cleaning to decrease strut roughness can be used to minimize this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Post processing chemical cleaning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "strut", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of various AM techniques are different since different laser spot size , powder layer thickness , procesB-parameters as well as powder material are used .", "entity": [{"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "AM techniques", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "laser spot size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "layer thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , for a particular purpose where mechanical properties are critical , AM lattices should be tested stringently .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To improve mechanical performance of lattice structures for load bearing applications they must be well-designed .", "entity": [{"entity": "mechanical", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Van Bael showed that stiffness and compressive strength of lattice structures correlate well with volume fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "stiffness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "compressive strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "volume fraction", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contuzzi proposed to use solid reinforcements in fine lattice structures that increase load carrying capability of the structure almost linearly with the number of the reinforcements .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bobbert proposed to use in these applications continuous sheet-based porous structures because they are expected to be less sensitive to such imperfections than beam-based porous structures , to improve fatigue resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "imperfections", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "porous", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [203, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 For lattices , selecting lattice parameters to ensure no supports are required on the lattice or inside the lattice area is critical .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , strut angles and/or length is important .", "entity": [{"entity": "strut", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 For irregular geometries from topology optimization and freeform design , it is advisable to perform build-simulation to ensure no local heat accumulation occurs which might lead to residual stress and warping .", "entity": [{"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "heat accumulation", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [176, 180]}, {"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [184, 199]}, {"entity": "warping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [204, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this process , the optimal build angle and supports should be selected .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 Residual stress can be minimized by design as mentioned above , and can be further improved by stresB-relief heat treatment a relatively simple recommended solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heat treatment can have a decisive role on higher ductility and load bearing capacity of lattice structures and might increase fatigue life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ductility", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "capacity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [89, 107]}, {"entity": "fatigue life", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Special attention must be given to the loading direction during use , because anisotropic mechanical properties of LPBF objects exists .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "anisotropic", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This anisotropy might not only result from the material and its specific microstructure , but also from scanning and building strategies used for LPBF manufacturing , which might vary with different systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisotropy", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "scanning", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "LPBF", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattice structures built in different directions have non-identical mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [68, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 Challenges in biomimetic AM Despite all the potential for biomimicry in AM in its various forms , there are some challenges to its practical implementation .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic AM", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [74, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most importantly , all forms of biomimetic design for AM involves complexity in various forms not previously encountered .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While AM relaxes the traditional manufacturing rules , not any geometry or structure can be produced easily or reliably .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "traditional manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [89, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the complexity of design , design for AM becomes even more crucial to ensure manufacturability and might involve re-design in cases of difficult geometries .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [84, 101]}, {"entity": "geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metal AM and its limits in general are discussed in more detail in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "limits", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM is still a relatively new manufacturing process which requires process optimization and quality control to ensure accuracy and reliability .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "process optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "quality control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This requirement is critically important for parts with complex geometries which include curved surfaces , thin connecting features , hidden features and lattice structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "complex geometries", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "curved surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also many varieties of AM with different trade names , processes and differences in quality obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This quality refers in particular to material density and process induced pores , inherent process surface roughness , build errors such as uneven powder spreading or scan track errors leading to critical flaws , residual stresses and associated warping and cracking and microstructural inhomogeneity .", "entity": [{"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "errors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "residual stresses", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [213, 230]}, {"entity": "warping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [246, 253]}, {"entity": "cracking", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [258, 266]}, {"entity": "microstructural", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [271, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major limitation is the minimum feature size for the AM system used .", "entity": [{"entity": "minimum feature size", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some additional limitations are placed on the part designs , most notably the build angles .", "entity": [{"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All down-facing surfaces have typically rougher surfaces than upwardB-facing surfaces , thin angled features suffer from stair-step effects , and small angles require supports .", "entity": [{"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Support removal is not a simple process : this post-processing is time consuming and may also affect the dimensional accuracy and quality of the resulting part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Support", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "simple", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "dimensional accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [105, 125]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When supports are needed inside a complex part , these supports might not be physically removable at all as shown in the example in 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [105, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this figure , two topology-optimized bracket designs were almost entirely latticed but the build process required incorporation of supports also inside the lattice region .", "entity": [{"entity": "bracket", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removing supports from lattice regions on the exterior can cause damage to the lattice struts , and removing them from inside the lattice region is entirely impossible .", "entity": [{"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "damage", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , the brackets still met the mass target despite internal supports , but the aesthetic value is not as visually impressive as could have been achieved by appropriate design to eliminate supports .", "entity": [{"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "aesthetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed inspection of these complex parts ensures their structural integrity and accuracy of production .", "entity": [{"entity": "inspection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "accuracy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the expense involved in AM , non-destructive tools are especially useful to analyze parts without destroying them : the most widely used are X-ray techniques such as 2D digital radiography and 3D micro-computed tomography .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "X-ray", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 175]}, {"entity": "radiography", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [200, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the complexity of the parts 2D X-ray images are difficult to interpret and smaller flaws which are typical to AM may be missed .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "2D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "images", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , microCT is often the preferred method of choice .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique works by acquisition of X-ray absorption images from many angles around the object , followed by reconstruction to produce a 3D representation of the object , including its interior .", "entity": [{"entity": "X-ray absorption", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "images", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "reconstruction", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "3D", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [140, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also known as X-ray tomography , CT scanning or X-ray microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "X-ray", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "microscopy", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important issues that can be identified by microCT and which are relevant to biomimetic AM are : - Powder can get stuck in complex areas , especially inside lattices , and when heat-treated they become stuck .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "biomimetic AM", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "heat-treated", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [186, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This adds weight and might be unsafe .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Rough surfaces which depend on build angle might affect mechanical properties , with rough surfaces in inaccessible areas being unable to be processed .", "entity": [{"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roughness can be measured quantitatively or assessed visually .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roughness", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "quantitatively", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Manufacturing flaws such as porosity might also occur despite process parameter optimization and this may affect the mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "process parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [119, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to note here that process parameter optimization prior to building a part can limit procesB-induced porosity and this microporosity is expected to be the same in a test coupon than in a complex part .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "limit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "microporosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [163, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Residual stress can not directly be seen in microCT images but can be seen indirectly in the form of warping and cracks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "images", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "warping", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unnoticed residual stress in a part might affect its mechanical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "residual stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "mechanical properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [53, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "StresB-relief heat treatment is therefore highly recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "heat treatment", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The above issues can be partially improved or solved by using AM simulations to highlight where thermal hotspots might be formed .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [119, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A change in the build angle or design itself can contribute to eliminate these .", "entity": [{"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changing the lattice design or parameters can improve the requirement for supports and self-supporting lattice designs can be selected in some cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "self-supporting", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "lattice designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [123, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides build orientation planning and simulation , the manufacturing process can be optimized to ensure high quality production on test cubes , which can be subjected to detailed analysis by sectioning , or preferably by microCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "build orientation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [8, 25]}, {"entity": "simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "manufacturing process", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "production", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [222, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When using microCT , however , it is also important to realize that while small porosity is acceptable when well distributed , only major flaws or those with specific location-specific clustering are important , as well as those in critical regions of the part .", "entity": [{"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "flaws", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [212, 214]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [220, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of processes using test cubes and microCT may assist in identifying the root cause of some types of defects which allows to improve the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations and experimental work done on lattice structures with artificially induced porosity in individual struts showed that this did not affect the yield strength of the lattice for up to 0.5 mm pores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simulations", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "experimental", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "lattice structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "porosity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "struts", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "yield strength", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [153, 167]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "mm", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [197, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 New trends in biomimetic AM This section mentions some current interesting trends in biomimetic design for AM , with new developments expected in the next few years as the techniques are refined and new tools become available .", "entity": [{"entity": "trends", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "biomimetic AM", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "trends", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [167, 169]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [205, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first worth mentioning is that most topology optimization software at present operates on the topology itself and subsequently certain areas can be selected for latticing , i.e .", "entity": [{"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [40, 61]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "topology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the latticing is not part of the simulation-driven design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This latticing is incorporated into the simulation-driven design process and will find application especially in light-weighting applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other useful development is the optimization of repeated lattices gradient lattices and variations of strut thickness or unit cell size across a part , and conformal lattices to the surfaces of a part .", "entity": [{"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "lattices", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "variations", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "strut thickness", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [106, 121]}, {"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "conformal lattices", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [160, 178]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , the lattice is not simply cut off on the edge of the part but unit cells are stretched to fit the surface topology .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "unit cells", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "fit", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "surface topology", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example hereof is shown in 21 where the lattice is conformal to two opposing surfaces and the lattice density varies to allow denser lattice in areas where simulations show higher stress will be experienced .", "entity": [{"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "lattice density", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "lattice", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "simulations", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "stress", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [195, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research approaches for cellular material design have included the development of multi-scale optimization approaches as described by Osanov and Guest and Cadman .", "entity": [{"entity": "research", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "cellular material", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "optimization", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this approach , the unit cell domain is discretized into elements which are then themselves optimized using topology optimization methods , similar to discussions in the previous section .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "domain", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [111, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unit cell so designed can then be used to compute effective properties , after which inverse homogenization is used to upscale the cellular geometry to the level of the larger structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "unit cell", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "designed", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "properties", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "homogenization", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "geometry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "structure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [178, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ideas have been recently extended to multi-material cellular structure optimization .", "entity": [{"entity": "multi-material", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "cellular structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular automata methods have also been developed to design materials and microstructures , and machine learning methods are beginning to be applied to materials design .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "microstructures", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "machine", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [163, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the very complex shapes of the parts having a biomimetic or bionic design , it is often necessary to use support structures for overhanging areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "complex shapes", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "biomimetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "support structures", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [151, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be a big problem in the post processing of these parts for removing the supports and surface finishing .", "entity": [{"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "post processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "surface finishing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , internal complexity and small features are limited in this process , since with constant preheating of each layer to a high temperature , the powder is partially sintered and later can not be removed from the manufactured part .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "preheating", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "layer", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "temperature", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "powder", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [162, 168]}, {"entity": "sintered", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [209, 211]}, {"entity": "manufactured", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [229, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also quite serious limitations on materials for EBM technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "materials", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "EBM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also recently , companies such as EOS and Velo3D have improved their softwares , scanning strategies and process control parameters , which allowed to realize designs with overhangs lower than 15and large inner diameters without supports .", "entity": [{"entity": "companies", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "scanning strategies", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "process control", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "overhangs", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "supports", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These developments are all very promising for the realization of increasingly complex biomimetic designs with improved structural integrity and surface quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [86, 104]}, {"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [119, 139]}, {"entity": "surface quality", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [144, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An emerging trend is the development of software packages incorporating the entire workflow for advanced design for AM , including freeform design , topology optimization , latticing and more recently also build simulation and even support generation and slicing for build preparation .", "entity": [{"entity": "trend", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "workflow", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "topology optimization", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [149, 170]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [206, 211]}, {"entity": "support generation", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [232, 250]}, {"entity": "slicing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [255, 262]}, {"entity": "build preparation", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [267, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When all this is combined in one workspace the entire design process is simplified and this allows more frequent and improved biomimetic designs to be realized in practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [126, 144]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [148, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of standards for AM and non-destructive testing in AM is emerging as an important aspect in the qualification of processes and ensuring reliability in AM processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "standards", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "non-destructive testing", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "processes", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "AM processes", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is especially applicable to biomimetic designs and it holds the most advantage in optimizing process parameters prior to building complex parts - using microCT test methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [157, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspecting complex parts is also valuable in critical parts such as for aerospace , and microCT is the best method to do this .", "entity": [{"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is worth mentioning that besides complex part inspections , which are limited in resolution by field of view , it is becoming standard practice to inspect witness specimens of smaller diameter built alongside complex parts .", "entity": [{"entity": "inspections", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "standard", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "diameter", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows for high resolution CT analysis with defects found in these specimens being indicative of problems encountered during the build .", "entity": [{"entity": "high resolution", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "defects", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "build", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Something that is becoming increasingly popular for improving part density is the use of hot isostatic pressing , especially for additively-manufactured metal parts for aerospace it is a requirement that all parts are HIPped .", "entity": [{"entity": "density", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "hot isostatic pressing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [89, 111]}, {"entity": "metal", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "aerospace", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [169, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HIP process closes pores and improves the microstructure , but it is important to realize that not all pores are necessarily closed by HIP : it has been shown that pores connected to the surface do not close properly , and is detectable by microCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIP", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "microstructure", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "HIP", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "pores", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "surface", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "microCT", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [244, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The important point is that HIP should not be used as a blind solution its performance especially in thin walled parts should be checked .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIP", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "performance", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [126, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the use of biomimetic AM is growing at a very fast rate , with practical engineering applications emerging almost daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic AM", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is driven by the maturation of metal powder bed fusion AM , the development of appropriate software tools , and the huge interest from companies in investing in a technology with clear potential to disrupt various industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal powder bed fusion", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [36, 59]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "companies", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "technology", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key to disrupting existing products is in significant advantages in the new design which is possible by AM and biomimicry is key to unlocking this potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides aesthetic appeal , actual light-weight advantage is likely the biggest drawcard in automotive and aerospace industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "aesthetic", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "light-weight", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "automotive", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "aerospace industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [106, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other industries the combination of multiple parts into one might be a significant advantage and it is expected that the multi-functionality of designs might be one of the big future growth areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "industries", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "areas", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [193, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 Conclusions It is clear that biomimicry in AM allows complex functional designs and various tools are currently available to easily achieve such designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic designs are therefore both beautiful and functional .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the high possible complexity , some design for AM rules have emerged which improve the manufacturability and reliability of these types of parts and these should be incorporated into the design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "manufacturability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "reliability", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [170, 172]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [195, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is especially important that process parameters are optimized to ensure structural integrity and ensure high quality manufacturing , as manufacturing errors might affect these parts more than traditional parts this requires an additional safety factor to be built into designs , and inspection is critical .", "entity": [{"entity": "process parameters", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "structural integrity", "entity_type": "machanical property", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "quality", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "manufacturing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "errors", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "safety factor", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [241, 254]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [258, 260]}, {"entity": "designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [272, 279]}, {"entity": "inspection", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [286, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post-processing of parts is also a challenge , and the options are limited therefore depending on the application the complexity of the design might need to be constrained to ensure all surfaces are accessible by required post-processing techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "complexity", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "surfaces", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [186, 194]}, {"entity": "post-processing", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [222, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most widely used applications of biomimetic design in AM is light-weighting , but many other opportunities exist including parts customized for acoustic , thermal , optical or other applications , especially in combination with surface modification techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "optical", "entity_type": "process characterization", "pos": [176, 183]}, {"entity": "surface modification", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [239, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most importantly , all examples in this work clearly demonstrate that biomimetic designs can be trusted and should be used more widely .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic designs are crucial for fully unlocking the power of metal AM in particular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimetic designs", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "process parameter", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "metal AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , biomimicry in AM has been shown to be possible in various ways , with the most accessible tools currently being freeform design and simulation-driven design .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "freeform design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [148, 165]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tools allow complex forms to be created which often resemble natural structures , and the design engineer may incorporate from naturein this design process .", "entity": [{"entity": "tools", "entity_type": "machine or equipment", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [147, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in simulation-driven design , various outcomes are possible and selection of the design outcome most similar to a biological structure is most likely the best solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "biological structure", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [128, 148]}, {"entity": "solution", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest future potential for biomimicry in AM lies in incorporating real biological input in some ways in the design process and here biological materials science is crucial in providing from naturewhich can be incorporated easily .", "entity": [{"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "AM", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "biological input", "entity_type": "biomedical", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "biological materials", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [139, 159]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [213, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not only in the design process where biomimicry can be employed .", "entity": [{"entity": "design process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "biomimicry", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "be", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire process of 3D printing may follow biological principles , including sustainability .", "entity": [{"entity": "process", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "3D printing", "entity_type": "manufacturing process", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "sustainability", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic design therefore forms part of and drives the bio-industrial revolution which will become known as Industry 5.0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biomimetic design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "as", "entity_type": "material", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conflict of interest One author is the Senior VP Business Development & Strategy Simulation Driven Design at Altair Engineering Inc , a provider of software for simulation-driven design amongst others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simulation", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Design", "entity_type": "engineering feature", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Altair Engineering", "entity_type": "application", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "software", "entity_type": "concept or principle", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "simulation-driven", "entity_type": "enabling technology", "pos": [161, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/FabNER/train.json b/IE-en/NER/FabNER/train.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/FabNER/train.json
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+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a0bd4f204ec996e792c3c8af39a272bc5209f21a36ec3fd7352147583e4d98f1
+size 5549154
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47c5415b9b27c215b4dd83393f2c16f1be45f7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+["vehicle type", "position of vehicle", "color of vehicle", "orientation of vehicle", "vehicle velocity", "vehicle range", "brand of vehicle", "vehicle model", "SUV", "hatchback", "sports car", "sedan", "bus", "truck", "vintage car", "coupe", "roadster", "estate car", "motorcycle", "MPV", "van"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/test.json b/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0ddee17abf423b1db3bb5440f2041d811c2edc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:91152c6ba59b30fd37abf6e2aca4a4f8386a3917c1cb438a99ca30cfe361e5c9
+size 10952891
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new file mode 100644
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+++ b/IE-en/NER/FindVehicle/train.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:41ae563f0ffa434f2e189abd13e2fe503578576c9ea862bf23ff2faa9024a994
+size 11401742
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/dev.json b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/dev.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04ff0d380053d61596e2bb47092e6025f5fd0e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/dev.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c4cd04b60c1737c0594599698770e0d1b9af54cebacaca1e08daf7ef5bc94353
+size 650272
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7d06e4483125cbd9727aa1222f4785b62775e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+["cell line", "protein", "RNA", "DNA", "cell type"]
+[]
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/test.json b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee99acb77fdd57430bb044f48df6d0f6b14648b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/GENIA_NER/test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1850 @@
+{"text": "There is a single methionine codon-initiated open reading frame of 1,458 nt in frame with a homeobox and a CAX repeat , and the open reading frame is predicted to encode a protein of 51,659 daltons.", "entity": [{"entity": "homeobox", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "methionine codon-initiated open reading frame", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 63]}, {"entity": "open reading frame", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 63]}, {"entity": "CAX repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the homeodomain from HB24 was compared to known mammalian and Drosophila homeodomains it was found to be only moderately conserved, but when it was compared to a highly diverged Drosophila homeodomain , H2.0, it was found to be 80% identical.", "entity": [{"entity": "homeodomain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "homeodomain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "HB24", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Drosophila homeodomain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HB24 mRNA was absent or present at low levels in normal B and T lymphocytes ; however, with the appropriate activation signal HB24 mRNA was induced within several hours even in the presence of cycloheximide .", "entity": [{"entity": "HB24 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "HB24 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of HB24 expression in lymphoid and select developing tissues was performed by in situ hybridization .", "entity": [{"entity": "HB24", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive hybridization was found in thymus , tonsil , bone marrow , developing vessels , and in fetal brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HB24 is likely to have an important role in lymphocytes as well as in certain developing tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "HB24", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet-activating factor induces phospholipid turnover , calcium flux , arachidonic acid liberation , eicosanoid generation , and oncogene expression in a human B cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "human B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet-activating factor is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of the actions of platelet-activating factor have centered mainly around neutrophils , monocytes , and platelets .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 52]}, {"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we begin to uncover the influence of platelet-activating factor on B lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Employing the EBV-transformed human B cell line SKW6.4 , we demonstrate that platelet-activating factor significantly alters membrane phospholipid metabolism indicated by the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylcholine , phosphatidylinositol , and phosphatidic acid but not significantly into phosphatidylethanolamine at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-6) M.", "entity": [{"entity": "SKW6.4", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "human B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "EBV-transformed human B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [14, 47]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inactive precursor, lyso-platelet-activating factor , at a concentration as high as 10(-7) M had no effect on any of the membrane phospholipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyso-platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that platelet-activating factor from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M induced rapid and significant elevation in intracellular calcium levels , whereas lyso- platelet-activating factor was again ineffective.", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 44]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further demonstrate the impact of platelet-activating factor binding to B cells by measuring platelet-activating factor induced arachidonic acid release and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production.", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 63]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 122]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, platelet-activating factor was capable of inducing transcription of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "nuclear proto-oncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally we explored the possible role of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid as a regulator of arachidonic acid liberation demonstrating that endogenous 5-lipoxygenase activity modulates platelet-activating factor induced arachidonic acid release perhaps acting at the level of phospholipase A2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospholipase A2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [273, 289]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 208]}, {"entity": "5-lipoxygenase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary, platelet-activating factor is shown here to have a direct and profound effect on a pure B cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "pure B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "platelet-activating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive and negative regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression by a novel B-cell-specific enhancer element .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new B-cell-specific enhancer element has been identified 3' of E4 and the octamerlike motifs in the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunoglobulin heavy-chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 134]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [6, 38]}, {"entity": "human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tandem copies of this 67-bp MnlI-AluI fragment , when fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by the conalbumin promoter , stimulated transcription in B cells but not in Jurkat T cells or HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [207, 217]}, {"entity": "67-bp MnlI-AluI fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 46]}, {"entity": "conalbumin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [170, 177]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [189, 203]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Footprinting analysis revealed that the identical sequence CCGAAACTGAAAAGG , designated E6 , was protected by nuclear extracts from B cells , T cells , or HeLa cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "E6", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gel mobility shift assays using a synthetic E6 motif detected a B-cell-specific complex in addition to a ubiquitous band found also in T cells and HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "synthetic E6 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 87]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with the results of gel retardation assays , tandem copies of the E6 motif stimulated transcription in ARH77 and Raji cells but not in Jurkat or HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raji cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "ARH77", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "E6 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, a mutant E6 motif lost both in vitro binding activity and in vivo enhancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant E6 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In striking contrast to the mouse Ig heavy-chain enhancer , in which the octamer motif acts as a B-cell-specific enhancer element , the human enhancer contains an octamerlike sequence with one base substitution which bound octamer-binding proteins with only very low affinity and showed no enhancer activity of its own.", "entity": [{"entity": "human enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "octamerlike sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [163, 183]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 129]}, {"entity": "mouse Ig heavy-chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [28, 57]}, {"entity": "octamer motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "octamer-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [223, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, the MnlI-AluI fragment could suppress the basal-level activity of the conalbumin promoter in both Jurkat and HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "conalbumin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "MnlI-AluI fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, simian virus 40 enhancer activity was blocked by the MnlI-AluI fragment in HeLa cells but not in B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnlI-AluI fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, the novel enhancer element identified in this study is probably a target site for both positive and negative factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "positive and negative factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 122]}, {"entity": "negative factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "positive", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charybdotoxin-sensitive, Ca(2+) -dependent membrane potential changes are not involved in human T or B cell activation and proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of ion channels in B and T lymphocyte activation is supported by many reports of changes in ion fluxes and membrane potential after mitogen binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "ion channels", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "mitogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human T and B lymphocytes demonstrate an early and transient hyperpolarization after ligand binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inasmuch as the change in membrane potential is dependent on elevation of free cytosolic calcium , the hyperpolarization is presumably through opening of Ca(2+)-stimulated K+ channels.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used charybdotoxin , a known inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels , to study the role of these channels in lymphocyte activation and mitogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that charybdotoxin inhibits the ligand-induced transient membrane hyperpolarization in B and T cells in a dose-dependent fashion, without affecting changes in cytosolic Ca2+ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, blockade of the Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel is not associated with changes in cell-cycle gene activation , IL-2 production , IL-2R expression or B and T cell mitogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "IL-2R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results imply that membrane potential changes secondary to the ligand-dependent opening of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels are not involved in B and T lymphocyte activation and mitogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity of the kappa B enhancer of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain in somatic cell hybrids is accompanied by the nuclear localization of NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "kappa B enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 74]}, {"entity": "somatic cell hybrids", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two nuclear proteins NF-kappa B (consisting of subunits p50 an dp65 ) and the DNA-binding subunit of NF-kappa B ( p50 ) by itself, also called KBF1 , are constitutively expressed and localized in the nucleus of the human T-cell line IARC 301.5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [219, 236]}, {"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "two nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "IARC 301.5", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [237, 247]}, {"entity": "dp65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to define the roles of these two factors , which bind to the same kappa B enhancers , in transcription activation we have prepared somatic cell hybrids between IARC 301.5 and a murine myeloma .", "entity": [{"entity": "factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "kappa B enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "IARC 301.5", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "murine myeloma", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [186, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most hybrids express both KBF1 and NF-kappa B in their nuclei , but one hybrid expresses only KBF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kappa B enhancer of the gene encoding the interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) receptor alpha chain ( IL-2R alpha ) is functional only in the hybrids expressing nuclear NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 169]}, {"entity": "IL-2R alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) receptor alpha chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 89]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "hybrids", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "kappa B enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings show that nuclear NF-kappa B is necessary to activate the kappa B enhancer , while KBF1 by itself is not sufficient.", "entity": [{"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "kappa B enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "nuclear NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that KBF1 is a competitive inhibitor of NF-kappa B and discuss how these factors may be involved in the transient expression of IL-2 and IL-2 alpha genes during the immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "IL-2 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T-helper-cell determinants in protein antigens are preferentially located in cysteine-rich antigen segments resistant to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin B , L , and D .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine-rich antigen segments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 107]}, {"entity": "T-helper-cell determinants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "protein antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on a computer algorithm capable of predicting the location of T-helper-cell epitopes in protein antigen ( Ag ) by analysing the Ag amino acid sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid sequence", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [141, 160]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "protein antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "T-helper-cell epitopes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The algorithm was constructed with the aim of identifying segments in Ag which are resistant to proteolytic degradation by the enzymes cathepsin B , L , and D .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are prominent enzymes in the endocytic pathway through which soluble protein Ag enter APC , and resistant segments in Ag may, therefore, be expected to contain more T-cell determinants than susceptible segments .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "T-cell determinants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 190]}, {"entity": "enzymes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "susceptible segments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 216]}, {"entity": "soluble protein Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 85]}, {"entity": "resistant segments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From information available in the literature on the substrate specificity of the three enzymes , it is clear that a cysteine is not accepted in any of the S2 , S1 , S1' , and S2' subsites of cathepsin B and L , and not in the S1 and S1' subsites of cathepsin D .", "entity": [{"entity": "enzymes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "S1'", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "cathepsin D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [249, 260]}, {"entity": "S1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, we have noticed that cysteine -containing T-cell determinants in a number of protein Ag are particularly rich in the amino acids alanine , glycine , lysine , leucine , serine , threonine , and valine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "cysteine -containing T-cell determinants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 71]}, {"entity": "protein Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By searching protein Ag for clusters of amino acids containing cysteine and two of the other amino acids we were able to predict 17 out of 23 empirically known T-cell determinants in the Ag with a relatively low number of false (positive) predictions.", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "T-cell determinants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 179]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we present a new principle for searching Ag for potential amphipatic alpha-helical protein segments .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphipatic alpha-helical protein segments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 112]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such segments accord well with empirically known T-cell determinants and our algorithm produces a lower number of false positive predictions than the principle based on discrete Fourier transformations previously described.", "entity": [{"entity": "T-cell determinants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contribution of NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding motifs to the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 : distinct patterns of viral growth are determined by T-cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "T-cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [171, 183]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "Sp1 binding motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting with a replication-incompetent molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 , lacking all the NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding sites present in the native long terminal repeat ( LTR ), proviruses containing reconstructed LTRs with individual or combinations of NF-kappa B and Sp1 elements were generated and evaluated for their capacity to produce virus progeny following transfection-cocultivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "native long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 188]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "reconstructed LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [220, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virus stocks obtained from these experiments exhibited a continuum of replicative capacities in different human T-cell types depending on which element (s) was present in the LTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "human T-cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [106, 124]}, {"entity": "T-cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example, in experiments involving proviral clones with LTRs containing one or two NF-kappa B elements (and no Sp1 binding sites ), a hierarchy of cellular permissivity to virus replication ( peripheral blood lymphocytes = MT4 greater than H9 greater than CEM greater than Jurkat ) was observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "H9", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [243, 245]}, {"entity": "Sp1 binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 131]}, {"entity": "LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [195, 223]}, {"entity": "MT4", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [212, 223]}, {"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [276, 282]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "CEM", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [259, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of note was the associated emergence of second-site LTR revertants which involved an alteration of the TATA box .", "entity": [{"entity": "TATA box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "second-site LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR possesses functional redundancy which ensures virus replication in different T-cell types and is capable of changing depending on the particular combination of transcriptional factors present.", "entity": [{"entity": "T-cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "transcriptional factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [231, 254]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of interferon beta gene transcription in vitro by purified NF-kappa B and a novel TH protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "TH protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "interferon beta gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human interferon beta ( IFN-beta ) regulatory element consists of multiple enhanson domains which are targets for transcription factors involved in inducible expression of the promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 139]}, {"entity": "human interferon beta ( IFN-beta ) regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 57]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "enhanson domains", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "human interferon beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "IFN-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction , positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "positive regulatory domain (PRD) II", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 119]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T-cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [178, 192]}, {"entity": "positive regulatory domain (PRD) II binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 136]}, {"entity": "IFN primed, cycloheximide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid treated HeLa S3 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [202, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From HeLa cells , two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons (kD) copurified with DNA binding activity , whereas from T-cells , four proteins--a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82 , 67 , and 43-47 kD --were purified.", "entity": [{"entity": "82", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 199]}, {"entity": "43-47 kD", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "major protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "T-cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "minor proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 193]}, {"entity": "67", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 204]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "52 kD", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the ( AAGTGA )4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "specific DNA binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 47]}, {"entity": "tetrahexamer sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "PRDI domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRF-1/ISGF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN beta promoter deletions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "PRDII element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts , and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRDII elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "IFN-beta promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "PRDI", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "PRDII", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When purified PRDII and tetrahexamer binding proteins were added to the induced extract, a 4-fold increase in transcription was observed.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These experiments demonstrate that it is possible to modulate IFN-beta transcription in vitro but indicate that additional proteins may be required to fully activate IFN-beta transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rhombotin family of cysteine -rich LIM-domain oncogenes : distinct members are involved in T-cell translocations to human chromosomes 11p15 and 11p13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine -rich LIM-domain oncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 59]}, {"entity": "rhombotin family", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "T-cell translocations", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A chromosomal translocation in a T-cell leukemia involving the short arm of human chromosome 11 at band 11p15 disrupts the rhombotin gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human chromosome 11", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "band 11p15", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "short arm", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "rhombotin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gene encodes a protein with duplicated cysteine -rich regions called LIM domains , which show homology to zinc-binding proteins and to iron-sulfur centers of ferredoxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferredoxins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "iron-sulfur centers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 159]}, {"entity": "cysteine -rich regions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "zinc-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "LIM domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two homologues of the rhombotin gene have now been isolated.", "entity": [{"entity": "rhombotin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these, designated Rhom-2 , is located on human chromosome 11 at band 11p13 , where a cluster of T-cell leukemia-specific translocations occur; all translocation breakpoints at 11p13 are upstream of the Rhom-2 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhom-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "T-cell leukemia-specific translocations", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [103, 142]}, {"entity": "human chromosome 11", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "band 11p13", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [209, 215]}, {"entity": "11p13", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human and mouse Rhom-2 are highly conserved and, like rhombotin , encode two tandem cysteine -rich LIM domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "tandem cysteine -rich LIM domains", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 110]}, {"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "LIM domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhom-2 mRNA is expressed in early mouse development in central nervous system , lung , kidney , liver , and spleen but only very low levels occur in thymus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhom-2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other gene, designated Rhom-3 , is not on chromosome 11 but also retains homology to the LIM domain of rhombotin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhom-3", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "LIM domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the Rhom-2 gene is such a common site of chromosomal damage in T-cell tumors , the consistency of translocations near the rhombotin gene was further examined.", "entity": [{"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "T-cell tumors", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "rhombotin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second translocation adjacent to rhombotin was found and at the same position as in the previous example.", "entity": [{"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore, chromosome bands 11p15 ( rhombotin ) and 11p13 ( Rhom-2 ) are consistent sites of chromosome translocation in T-cell leukemia , with the 11p15 target more rarely involved.", "entity": [{"entity": "11p13", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "chromosome bands 11p15", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 33]}, {"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "11p15 target", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "Rhom-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results define the rhombotin gene family as a class of T-cell oncogenes with duplicated cysteine -rich LIM domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine -rich LIM domains", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 118]}, {"entity": "T-cell oncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "LIM domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "rhombotin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-kappa B activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha in the Jurkat T cell line is independent of protein kinase A , protein kinase C , and Ca(2+) -regulated kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor necrosis factor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 52]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+) -regulated kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 164]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 113]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-kappa B is a DNA-binding regulatory factor able to control transcription of a number of genes, including human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 150]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding regulatory factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In T cells , NF-kappa B is activated upon cellular treatment by phorbol esters and the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ).", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 123]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work, we investigated the molecular events leading to NF-kappa B activation by TNF alpha in a human T cell line ( Jurkat ) and its subclone JCT6 , which presents a deficiency in the PKA transduction pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "JCT6", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 200]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "human T cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [109, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that in both cell lines, both phorbol ester and TNF alpha were able to activate NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phorbol activation was positively modulated by Ca2+ influx while TNF alpha activation was not.", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, while PMA activation was inhibited by the PKC inhibitor staurosporin , the TNF alpha effect was unchanged.", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF alpha did not activate cAMP production and its signal was not modulated by cAMP activators .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, cAMP activators did not activate NF-kappa B in Jurkat cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, TNF alpha -induced NF-kappa B activation was found to be mediated by none of the major signal-mediating kinases such as protein kinase C ( PKC ), protein kinase A , or Ca(2+)-regulated kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 168]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+)-regulated kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 198]}, {"entity": "signal-mediating kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 117]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic acidification facilitated NF-kappa B activation by both TNF alpha and PKC , by a mechanism that increases NF-kappa B /I kappa B dissociation without affecting the NF-kappa B translocation step .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 212]}, {"entity": "/I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine Thy-1 gene promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Thy-1 gene promoter resembles a \"housekeeping\" promoter in that it is located within a methylation-free island , lacks a canonical TATA box , and displays heterogeneity in the 5'-end termini of the mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "canonical TATA box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "\"housekeeping\" promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 59]}, {"entity": "methylation-free island", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [91, 114]}, {"entity": "5'-end termini", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [180, 194]}, {"entity": "Thy-1 gene promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [202, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using transgenic mice , we show that this promoter does not confer any tissue specificity and is active only in a position-dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can only be activated in a tissue-specific manner by elements that lie downstream of the initiation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the functional domains of the minimal Thy-1 promoter and show that the dominant promoter elements consist of multiple binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1 , an inverted CCAAT box , and sequences proximal to the transcription start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "dominant promoter elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 114]}, {"entity": "minimal Thy-1 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 69]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 177]}, {"entity": "multiple binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 148]}, {"entity": "CCAAT box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "transcription start site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [238, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNase I and gel mobility shift assays show the binding of a number of nuclear factors to these elements , including Sp1 and CP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "CP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "nuclear factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that the structure of this promoter only permits productive interactions of the two transcription factors Sp1 and CP1 with the basal transcription machinery in the presence of enhancer sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [193, 211]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "CP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor kappa B activates proenkephalin transcription in T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon activation, T lymphocytes accumulate high levels of the neuropeptide enkephalin which correlate with high levels of proenkephalin mRNA in the cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "proenkephalin mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [121, 139]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigated the transcriptional basis for these changes.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proenkephalin promoter contains a sequence GGGGACGTCCCC , named B2 , which is similar to the kappa B sequence GGGGACTTTCC , the binding site of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 200]}, {"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 172]}, {"entity": "kappa B sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of T lymphocytes induces an NF-kappa B -like binding activity to the B2 site, concomitant with activation of the proenkephalin promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "proenkephalin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations at the B2 site abolish this transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [17, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified homodimer (two p50s ) of the DNA-binding subunit of NF-kappa B binds the B2 site of proenkephalin relatively better than does the heterotetramer (two p65s plus two p50s ) form of the factor.", "entity": [{"entity": "p65s", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "heterotetramer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 157]}, {"entity": "p50s", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "p50s", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "homodimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, it appears that the T-cell-specific activation of the proenkephalin promoter is mediated by NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "proenkephalin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, as NF-kappa B is ubiquitous and the transcriptional activation through the B2 site is T cell specific , yet another T-cell-specific factor which synergizes with NF-kappa B should be considered.", "entity": [{"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of NF-KB during monocyte differentiation by HIV type 1 infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) progeny was followed in the U937 promonocytic cell line after stimulation either with retinoic acid or PMA , and in purified human monocytes and macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "U937 promonocytic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [92, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Southwestern blotting experiments were used to detect the binding of cellular transactivation factor NF-KB to the double repeat-KB enhancer sequence located in the long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [206, 226]}, {"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "double repeat-KB enhancer sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [156, 190]}, {"entity": "cellular transactivation factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PMA treatment , and not retinoic acid treatment of the U937 cells acts in inducing NF-KB expression in the nuclei .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nuclear extracts from monocytes or macrophages , induction of NF-KB occurred only if the cells were previously infected with HIV-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When U937 cells were infected with HIV-1 , no induction of NF-KB factor was detected, whereas high level of progeny virions was produced, suggesting that this factor was not required for viral replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "NF-KB factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that in monocytic cell lineage , HIV-1 could mimic some differentiation/activation stimuli allowing nuclear NF-KB expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-KB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "monocytic cell lineage", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [31, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of the human SCL locus by \" illegitimate\" V-(D)-J recombinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "human SCL locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fusion complementary DNA in the T cell line HSB-2 elucidates a provocative mechanism for the disruption of the putative hematopoietic transcription factor SCL .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell line HSB-2", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 156]}, {"entity": "fusion complementary DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 26]}, {"entity": "SCL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fusion cDNA results from an interstitial deletion between a previously unknown locus , SIL ( SCL interrupting locus ), and the 5' untranslated region of SCL .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIL", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "SCL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "unknown locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "fusion cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "SCL interrupting locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 119]}, {"entity": "5' untranslated region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 153]}, {"entity": "SCL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to 1;14 translocations , this deletion disrupts the SCL 5' regulatory region .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "SCL 5' regulatory region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This event is probably mediated by V-(D)-J recombinase activity , although neither locus is an immunoglobulin or a T cell receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two other T cell lines , CEM and RPMI 8402 , have essentially identical deletions.", "entity": [{"entity": "RPMI 8402", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "CEM", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, in lymphocytes , growth-affecting genes other than immune receptors risk rearrangements .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "growth-affecting genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid hormone receptors form distinct nuclear protein- dependent and independent complexes with a thyroid hormone response element .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 132]}, {"entity": "Thyroid hormone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined the binding of nuclear proteins and recombinant thyroid hormone receptors ( TRs ) to the palindromic thyroid hormone responsive element AGGTCATGACCT ( TREp ) using a gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "recombinant thyroid hormone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 90]}, {"entity": "palindromic thyroid hormone responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [106, 152]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four specific protein-DNA complexes were detected after incubation of nuclear extracts ( NE ) from T3-responsive pituitary (GH3) cells with a TREp -containing DNA fragment .", "entity": [{"entity": "T3-responsive pituitary (GH3) cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 134]}, {"entity": "TREp -containing DNA fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [142, 171]}, {"entity": "protein-DNA complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was compared with the TREp binding of reticulocyte lysate-synthesized TRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "reticulocyte lysate-synthesized TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 78]}, {"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TR alpha 1 and TR beta 2 each formed a single major TR : TREp complex which comigrated with the least retarded complex formed by GH3 NE , while TR beta 1 formed multiple complexes suggesting that it can bind to TREp as an oligomer .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligomer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [222, 230]}, {"entity": "TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "TR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 153]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [211, 215]}, {"entity": "TR : TREp complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "TR beta 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, coincubation of 35S- TR alpha 1 , GH3 NE , and unlabeled TREp resulted in not only the 35S-TR: TREp complex , but in two additional more greatly retarded complexes containing 35S- TR alpha 1 and comigrating with those formed by GH3 extract alone.", "entity": [{"entity": "35S-TR: TREp complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "35S- TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "35S- TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [190, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of each of the TRs with NE from COS-7 cells , which do not possess sufficient endogenous TRs to mediate T3-responses , resulted in formation of a new, more greatly shifted complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "COS-7 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "greatly shifted complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 190]}, {"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar, heat labile activity which altered mobility of the TR:TRE complex was also present in NE from T3-unresponsive JEG-3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T3-unresponsive JEG-3 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [105, 132]}, {"entity": "TR:TRE complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At high concentration of NE , all of the TR bound to TREp was more greatly retarded than in the absence of NE .", "entity": [{"entity": "TREp", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truncation of TR alpha 1 at amino acid 210 prevented additional complex formation in the presence of NE without affecting DNA binding , suggesting that the carboxyl-terminus of the TRs is essential for interaction with nuclear proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "carboxyl-terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 173]}, {"entity": "TR alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [219, 235]}, {"entity": "amino acid 210", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell-specific differences in activation of NF-kappa B regulatory elements of human immunodeficiency virus and beta interferon promoters by tumor necrosis factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three aspects of the involvement of tumor necrosis factor in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) pathogenesis were examined.", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) mRNA production was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification in monocytic U937 cells and in a chronically HIV infected U937 cell line ( U9-IIIB ).", "entity": [{"entity": "U9-IIIB", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [189, 196]}, {"entity": "monocytic U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 46]}, {"entity": "chronically HIV infected U937 cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [147, 186]}, {"entity": "Tumor necrosis factor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF-alpha RNA was undetectable in U937 cells , whereas a low constitutive level was detected in U9-IIIB cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "U9-IIIB cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paramyxovirus infection induced a 5- to 10-fold increase in the steady-state level of TNF-alpha RNA in U9-IIIB cells compared with U937 cells , suggesting that HIV-infected monocytic cells produced higher levels of TNF-alpha than did normal cells after a secondary virus infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "U9-IIIB cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [215, 224]}, {"entity": "HIV-infected monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [160, 188]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of TNF-alpha on gene expression were examined by transient expression assays using reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids linked to regulatory elements from the HIV long terminal repeat ( LTR ) and the beta interferon promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta interferon promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [227, 251]}, {"entity": "regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [157, 176]}, {"entity": "HIV long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [186, 210]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [213, 216]}, {"entity": "reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In U937 and Jurkat T lymphoid cells , the inducibility of the different hybrid promoters by TNF-alpha or phorbol ester varied in a cell type- and promoter context-specific manner; the levels of gene activity of NF-kappa B -containing plasmids correlated directly with induction of NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [211, 221]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B -containing plasmids", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [211, 242]}, {"entity": "hybrid promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [281, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the intact beta interferon promoter was only weakly stimulated by phorbol ester or TNF-alpha , multimers of the PRDII NF-kappa B -binding domain were inducible by both agents.", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "PRDII NF-kappa B -binding domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 153]}, {"entity": "beta interferon promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF-alpha was able to increase expression of the HIV LTR in T cells , but in monocytic cells , TNF-alpha did not induce the HIV LTR above a constitutive level of activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This level of NF-kappa B -independent activity appears to be sufficient for virus multiplication , since TNF-alpha treatment had no effect on the kinetics of de novo HIV type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infection and viral RNA production in U937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [225, 235]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "viral RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [201, 210]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, in Jurkat cells , TNF-alpha dramatically enhanced the spread of HIV-1 through the cell population and increased viral RNA synthesis , indicating that in T cells HIV-1 multiplication was stimulated by TNF-alpha treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "viral RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 218]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional analysis of cis-linked regulatory sequences in the HLA DRA promoter by transcription in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA DRA promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "cis-linked regulatory sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two consensus sequences, called X and Y boxes , capable of binding nuclear proteins and regulating expression in B cells have been defined within the immediate upstream region of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 236]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike other class II promoters , the HLA-DR alpha (DRA) promoter also contains one element identical to the \"octamer\" motif of immunoglobulin variable region promoters that is responsible for B cell-specific transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "\"octamer\" motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "HLA-DR alpha (DRA) promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 65]}, {"entity": "class II promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin variable region promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This \" octamer \" in the context of DRA appears capable of binding both the ubiquitous ( OTF-1 ) and lymphoid-specific ( OTF-2 ) \"octamer\" binding proteins , but at least one other distinct \"octamer\" complex was found.", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific ( OTF-2 ) \"octamer\" binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 154]}, {"entity": "OTF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "\"octamer\" complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [189, 206]}, {"entity": "DRA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "ubiquitous", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "octamer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to characterize the function of cis-acting elements , we have developed an in vitro system in which a DRA promoter construct is transcribed more efficiently in extracts from B cells than in extracts from class II-negative HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "cis-acting elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "class II-negative HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [213, 241]}, {"entity": "DRA promoter construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5' deletion constructs which lacked the Y box , but retained the \"octamer\" motif and TATA box were completely inactive, and internal deletion of the Y box reduced transcription by 95%.", "entity": [{"entity": "Y box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Y box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "TATA box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "\"octamer\" motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using supercoiled, but not linear templates, we observed differences in transcription efficiencies from templates lacking or disrupting the X consensus element that reflect effects of random replacement of X box sequences in transient expression assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "X consensus element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [140, 159]}, {"entity": "X box sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [206, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demonstration of the complete dependence on the Y box in this system suggests that, despite its demonstrated importance in the DRA promoter , the DRA \"octamer\" does not utilize OTF-2 in a manner analogous to immunoglobulin promoters in B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [208, 232]}, {"entity": "DRA \"octamer\"", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [177, 182]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [236, 243]}, {"entity": "DRA promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) potently stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat ( HIV-1-LTR ) CAT constructs transfected into monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines but not a T cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 103]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat ( HIV-1-LTR ) CAT constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 132]}, {"entity": "HIV-1-LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "T cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [150, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect appears to be mediated through the induction of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ).", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that LPS induces a DNA binding activity indistinguishable from NF-kappa B in U937 and THP-1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "THP-1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "U937", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS is also shown to dramatically increase HIV-1 production from a chronically infected monocyte/macrophage-like cloned cell line , U1 , which produces very low levels of HIV-1 at baseline.", "entity": [{"entity": "U1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "chronically infected monocyte/macrophage-like cloned cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [67, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stimulation of viral production from this cell line occurs only if these cells are treated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) before treatment with LPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This stimulation of HIV-1 production is correlated with an increase in the level of HIV-1 RNA and and activation of NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-1 RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS is not able to induce HIV-1 production in a cloned T cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of LPS on HIV-1 replication occurs at picogram per milliliter concentrations and may be clinically significant in understanding the variability of the natural history of HIV-1 infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroid dose sparing : pharmacodynamic responses to single versus divided doses of methylprednisolone in man.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory drug interactions affecting the metabolism of methylprednisolone ( MP ) may produce either steroid sparing or adverse effects partly by increasing the exposure time to the steroid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon can be mimicked by administering MP in divided doses.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two types of responses were compared after a single MP dose (40 mg bolus) and a divided regimen (20 mg bolus and a 5 mg bolus 8 hours later) in six healthy male volunteers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The suppression of basophils measured as whole blood histamine and plasma cortisol concentrations was assessed during 32 hours.", "entity": [{"entity": "basophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 37.5% reduction in dose produced a 23% overall decreased blood histamine response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pharmacodynamic model for basophil cell distribution to and from an extravascular compartment describes the effects of MP after both regimens.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A slower initial decline in blood histamine after the divided regimen may be related to incomplete suppression of basophil cell return to blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "basophil cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 50% inhibitory concentrations of MP of about 5 ng/ml were similar for both regimens.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decline and return of cortisol concentrations were similar between MP treatments with suppression continuing for 24 hours.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 50% inhibitory concentrations of MP values for adrenal suppression were about 1 ng/ml.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacodynamic modeling is useful in quantitating corticosteroid responses and generally predicted the \"dose-sparing\" effects that were achieved by prolonging MP plasma concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study supports previous clinical observations that patients may require morning through evening exposure to MP to optimize efficacy while adrenal suppression is being minimized.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1,25(OH)2D2 production by T lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages recovered by lavage from normocalcemic patients with tuberculosis.", "entity": [{"entity": "alveolar macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compare extra-renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production in different types of granulomatous disease , and to identify the cell types responsible, we have evaluated the conversion of 25(OH)D3 in 1,25(OH)2D3 by uncultured cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage and blood mononuclear cells from normocalcemic patients with sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.", "entity": [{"entity": "blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [256, 279]}, {"entity": "uncultured cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [199, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1,25(OH)2D3 was produced both by lavage cells (12/12 tuberculosis patients , 2/6 sarcoidosis patients ) and blood mononuclear cells (3/5 tuberculosis patients , 0/3 sarcoidosis patients ) from patients but not controls, but significantly greater amounts were produced by lavage cells from tuberculosis patients than those of sarcoidosis patients (P less than 0.001).", "entity": [{"entity": "lavage cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [108, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1,25(OH)2D3 production by lavage cells from tuberculosis patients correlated with the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes present but not other cell types.", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "lavage cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T lymphocytes appeared to be an important source of 1,25(OH)2D3 production , since purified T lymphocytes from all patients with tuberculosis produced 1,25(OH)2D3 , and 1,25(OH)2D3 production by these cells correlated closely with that produced by unseparated lavage cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "lavage cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [260, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because 1,25(OH)2D3 can improve the capacity of macrophages to kill mycobacteria , our results support the conclusion that macrophage-lymphocyte interactions , mediated at least in part by 1,25(OH)2D3 , may be an important component of a successful antituberculous immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Megakaryocytic and erythrocytic lineages share specific transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erythroid-specific genes contain binding sites for NF-E1 (also called GF-1 and Eryf-1 ; refs 1-3 respectively), the principal DNA-binding protein of the erythrocytic lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eryf-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "erythrocytic lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [153, 173]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "GF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "Erythroid-specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "NF-E1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-E1 expression seems to be restricted to the erythrocytic lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythrocytic lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "NF-E1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A closely related (if not identical) protein is found in both a human megakaryocytic cell line and purified human megakaryocytes ; it binds to promoter regions of two megakaryocytic-specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "purified human megakaryocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 128]}, {"entity": "promoter regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "human megakaryocytic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [64, 94]}, {"entity": "megakaryocytic-specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [167, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding sites and partial proteolysis profile of this protein are indistinguishable from those of the erythroid protein ; also, NF-E1 messenger RNA is the same size in both the megakaryocytic and erythroid cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-E1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "erythroid protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "NF-E1 messenger RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [132, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, point mutations that abolish binding of NF-E1 result in a 70% decrease in the transcriptional activity of a megakaryocytic-specific promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-E1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "megakaryocytic-specific promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also find that NF-E2 , another trans-acting factor of the erythrocytic lineage , is present in megakaryocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythrocytic lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [61, 81]}, {"entity": "NF-E2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "trans-acting factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "megakaryocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional effects in both lineages might then be mediated in part by the same specific trans-acting factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans-acting factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data strengthen the idea of a close association between the erythrocytic and the megakaryocytic lineages and could also explain the expression of markers specific to the erythrocytic and megakaryocytic lineages in most erythroblastic and megakaryoblastic permanent cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc expression by protein synthesis -dependent and -independent pathways in a human T lymphoblastic tumor cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T lymphoblastic tumor cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [115, 152]}, {"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that in the human T lymphoblastic tumor cell line Molt4 c-myc mRNA and protein expression is down-regulated after exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide , to phorbol myristate acetate , or to the calcium ionophore A23187 , which raises the intracellular calcium concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "human T lymphoblastic tumor cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [20, 57]}, {"entity": "Molt4 c-myc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A block to RNA elongation is largely responsible for decreased c-myc transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although negative regulation by dimethyl sulfoxide takes place even when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide , the phorbol myristate acetate effect is blocked to some extent only by cycloheximide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calcium ionophore-induced c-myc suppression , however, strictly requires de novo protein synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore, two different negative regulatory pathways are involved in c-myc regulation : one which is independent and one which depends on de novo protein synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter one appears to be mediated by a rapidly calcium -dependent induced gene product .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium -dependent induced gene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oestrogen receptor ( ER ) analysis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia : correlation of biochemical and immunocytochemical methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oestrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oestrogen receptors ( ER ) are present in neoplastic lymphoid cells and have been considered a physiological marker of growth rate or differentiation.", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Oestrogen receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "neoplastic lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tamoxifen , an oestrogen antagonist , has been given in some patients with CLL and Hodgkin's disease , with dramatic response in single cases.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until now, ER status has been assessed using a steroid binding assay ( SBA ) which has many inherent problems.", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently, the development of monoclonal antibodies directed against ER has been applied to the study of breast carcinomas and results obtained show good correlation with the quantitative SBA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied 49 cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) using immunostaining of cytospin preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 30 of these cases ER enzyme immunoassay ( ER -EIA ) was also performed.", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cultured MCF-7 cells , derived from a pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient , known to contain high levels of ER were used as a positive control (40-48% ER positive cells by immunocytochemistry; 200 fmol/mg protein by EIA).", "entity": [{"entity": "ER positive cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [159, 176]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "Cultured MCF-7 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the CLL cases except two (96%) were negative for ER (less than 1% staining; less than 4 fmol/mg protein).", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two positive cases expressed granular ER staining over the nucleus (9.2 and 12.1% positive cells) and were positive by EIA and SBA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that (i) patients with CLL rarely express ER and (ii) immunocytochemical staining of cytospin preparations is a valid technique for the measurement of ER .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is of interest that one of the positive cases was diagnosed as CLL with Richter's transformation confirming earlier findings.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type-II estrogen binding sites in a lymphoblastoid cell line and growth-inhibitory effect of estrogen , anti-estrogen and bioflavonoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblastoid cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [36, 60]}, {"entity": "Type-II estrogen binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type-II estrogen -binding sites ( type-II EBS ) have been demonstrated in the human lymphoblastoid cell line IM-9 using a whole-cell assay with (6,7-3H) estradiol ( 3H-E2 ) as tracer.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblastoid cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [84, 108]}, {"entity": "IM-9", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "type-II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Type-II estrogen -binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "human lymphoblastoid cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competition analysis showed that the anti-estrogen tamoxifen and the flavonoids quercetin and rutin competed for (3H)-E2 binding to type-II EBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "type-II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth experiments demonstrated that diethylstilbestrol ( DES ) tamoxifen ( TAM ), quercetin and rutin exerted a reversible dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in the range of concentrations between 10 nM and 10 microM.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative binding affinity of quercetin , rutin , DES and TAM for type-II EBS correlated well with their potency as cell growth inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "type-II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, hesperidin, a flavonoid which does not bind to type-II EBS , was ineffective in inhibiting cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "type-II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell-cycle analysis showed that the growth-inhibitory effect of DES , TAM or quercetin was due to a blocking effect in the G0-G1 phases.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that high estrogen and anti-estrogen concentrations and flavonoids may regulate IM-9 cell growth through a common mechanism involving a binding interaction with type-II EBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "type-II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [181, 192]}, {"entity": "IM-9", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with bronchial asthma ]", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 26]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitation of glucocorticoid receptors ( GCR ) and the study of their affinity for glucocorticosteroids ( GCS ) were made in peripheral blood lymphocytes of bronchial asthma ( BA ) patients in consideration of GCR treatment and serum levels of endogenous cortisol .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 40]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [127, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is stated that GCR of healthy controls and GCS -untreated patients outnumbered those of cortisol-dependent BA patients on hormone therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following discontinuation of glucocorticoid drugs GCR count in cortisol -dependent BA tends to rise.", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endogenous cortisol has no effect on GCR level estimated by 3H-triamcinolone acetonide .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two glucocorticoid binding sites on the human glucocorticoid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "human glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoids are known to have a lytic effect in leukemic cells via interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortisol and various synthetic glucocorticoids bind to the GR with one-site kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortivazol ( CVZ ) is a unique, high potency synthetic glucocorticoid , which has a phenylpyrazol fused to the A-ring of the steroid nucleus and displays binding consistent with two or more sites in the cytosol from CEM C7 cells (a human acute lymphoblastic T-cell line ).", "entity": [{"entity": "CEM C7 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [216, 228]}, {"entity": "human acute lymphoblastic T-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [232, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has previously been shown that the lower affinity class of sites are similar in affinity and site molarity to those recognized by dexamethasone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher affinity sites bind CVZ with 20- to 50-fold greater affinity , consistent with CVZ 's enhanced biological effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mutant leukemic cells resistant to the lytic effects of dexamethasone , CVZ both lyses the cells and recognizes a single class of sites similar to the high affinity site in CEM C7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "CEM C7 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have carried out experiments to define the nature of the higher affinity CVZ binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "higher affinity CVZ binding site", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that: 1) CVZ has more than one binding site in a second, independent, B-cell line , IM-9 ; 2) the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 is able to block both CVZ 's higher and lower affinity sites; 3) all of CVZ 's binding sites are on a protein immunologically indistinguishable from the human GR ; and 4) freshly isolated clones of CVZ -resistant cells have lost all binding sites for CVZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "IM-9", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [297, 299]}, {"entity": "CVZ 's binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [210, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that CVZ is recognizing two glucocorticoid binding sites on the human GR or a protein very similar to it.", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retroviral mediated transfer and expression of exogenous genes in primary lymphoid cells : assaying for a viral transactivator activity in normal and malignant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "exogenous genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "primary lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 88]}, {"entity": "transactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we describe the use of recombinant retroviruses to characterize the activity of an exogenous promoter in primary cells obtained from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "exogenous promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The infection of a variety of cultured and primary lymphoid cells with a recombinant retrovirus containing a histone promoter-driven beta-galactosidase gene is shown to result in the expression of beta-galactosidase in 50% to 100% of the cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "histone promoter-driven beta-galactosidase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [109, 156]}, {"entity": "histone promoter-driven beta-galactosidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 151]}, {"entity": "primary lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [43, 65]}, {"entity": "beta-galactosidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [133, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar infection with a recombinant retrovirus containing the beta-galactosidase gene with an adenovirus E2 promoter , results in beta-galactosidase activity in a limited number of cultured and primary cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultured", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "primary cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [197, 210]}, {"entity": "adenovirus E2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 119]}, {"entity": "beta-galactosidase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 88]}, {"entity": "beta-galactosidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "beta-galactosidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [133, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the adenovirus E2 promoter has been well characterized and is known to be regulated by transactivators encoded by many viruses , the activity of this promoter in specific cell types is discussed in reference to both the biology of the cell and the possible presence of as yet undetected viral gene products .", "entity": [{"entity": "viral gene products", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [293, 312]}, {"entity": "transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "adenovirus E2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[The effect of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( dioxyvit ) on Ca metabolism and immune status during chronic kidney failure ]", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active metabolite of vitamin D3 , 24R,25 (OH)2D3 ( dioxyvit ) was used at a daily dose of 100 micrograms in treatment of children affected with tubulointerstitial disease of kidney and with chronic glomerulonephritis under conditions of kidney insufficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug exhibited distinct normalizing effect on patterns of calcium metabolism : increase of total and ionized Ca2+ and of 25-OHD , decrease in concentration of parath hormone and osteocalcine in blood serum as well as on immunological parameters : restoration of decreased content of T- and 0- lymphocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration of receptors of hormonal form of 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to be minimal in lymphocytes under conditions of chronic kidney insufficiency , while their expression, after the dioxyvit action, was detected only in patients with glomerulonephritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific calcitropic effect of dioxyvit with simultaneous correction of vitamin D deficiency were apparently responsible for high efficacy of the drug in treatment of calcium metabolism and immunity impairments in children with renal deteriorations at the step of chronic kidney insufficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[The role of glucocorticoid receptors and HLA antigens in the pathogenesis of Cushing's syndrome ]", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Cushing's syndrome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphocytic levels of glucocorticoid receptors were evaluated in 114 patients suffering from Icenko- Cushing's syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cushing's syndrome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 119]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of HLA antigens was determined in 94 of them.", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant rise of A10 and B27 antigen incidence compared to that in normal subjects allows these antigens to be considered genetic markers of Icenko- Cushing's syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "A10", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "B27 antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Cushing's syndrome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes of the patients are lower than in normal subjects both in the active stage of the disease and following bilateral total adrenalectomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 38]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients carrying B27 antigen had lymphocytic receptor concentrations under the levels of such in patients free of the antigen carriage.", "entity": [{"entity": "B27 antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antigen B27 seems to be a cause of lower levels of glucocorticoid receptors in blood lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antigen B27", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 75]}, {"entity": "blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line RWLeu-4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [50, 94]}, {"entity": "RWLeu-4", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( VD3 ) on proliferation , differentiation , and macromolecular synthesis in the new Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line , RWLeu-4 , were investigated.", "entity": [{"entity": "RWLeu-4", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [132, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of [3H]VD3 was saturable, with approximately 2000-3000 sites/cell, and half-maximal binding occurring at 0.21-0.33 nM.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of RWLeu-4 cells with VD3 induced 24R-hydroxylase activity , a marker of vitamin D3 responsiveness in many tissues.", "entity": [{"entity": "24R-hydroxylase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "RWLeu-4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of RWLeu-4 cells to VD3 also inhibited proliferation and DNA synthesis with a 50% effective dose of 3.5-10 nM within 72 h; in addition, protein and RNA synthesis were inhibited by VD3 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "RWLeu-4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of RWLeu-4 cells to 5 nM VD3 for 72 h caused 50% of the cells to differentiate into macrophage/monocyte type cells as judged by nitroblue tetrazolium staining and adherence to plastic.", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophage/monocyte type cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [93, 123]}, {"entity": "RWLeu-4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progressive expression of cell surface maturation-specific antigens of the monocyte/macrophage lineage was induced by treatment of RWLeu-4 cells with VD3 for 24 to 72 h at doses that inhibited cellular proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocyte/macrophage lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [75, 102]}, {"entity": "RWLeu-4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "cell surface maturation-specific antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c-myc RNA , which is constitutively expressed in RWLeu-4 cells , increased after 0.5 h of treatment with 50 nM VD3 and then rapidly decreased to barely detectable levels after 4 h of treatment.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "RWLeu-4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally, the in vitro tyrosine kinase activity associated with the p210bcr-abl oncogene product was decreased approximately 50% by VD3 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "p210bcr-abl oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "p210bcr-abl oncogene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the presence of a functional receptor-effector system for VD3 and multiple biological responses to the hormone, these cells provide a unique model system with which to probe the specific effects of VD3 on cell growth and differentiation in chronic myelogenous leukemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new member of the leucine zipper class of proteins that binds to the HLA DR alpha promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA DR alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "leucine zipper class", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 40]}, {"entity": "leucine zipper", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several mutants derived from transformed human B cell lines are defective in expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "transformed human B cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 59]}, {"entity": "major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The failure to express a class II gene in at least one such mutant line has been mapped to the MHC class II X box , a conserved transcriptional element in the promoter region .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 174]}, {"entity": "class II gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "MHC class II X box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 113]}, {"entity": "conserved transcriptional element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [118, 151]}, {"entity": "mutant line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A complementary DNA encoding a DNA-binding protein ( human X box binding protein , hXBP-1 ) whose target is the human DR alpha X box and the 3' flanking region has now been cloned.", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "3' flanking region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 159]}, {"entity": "complementary DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "human DR alpha X box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 132]}, {"entity": "hXBP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "human X box binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This complementary DNA encoded a protein with structural similarities to the c-jun proto-oncogene product , and its target sequence was closely related to the palindromic target sequence of c-jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "complementary DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "c-jun proto-oncogene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "palindromic target sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 186]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the hXBP-1 DNA target sequence decreased DR alpha promoter activity in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "hXBP-1 DNA target sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "hXBP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "DR alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that the hXBP-1 protein acts as a transcription factor in B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "hXBP-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "hXBP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pseudohypoaldosteronism in eight families: different forms of inheritance are evidence for various genetic defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pseudohypoaldosteronism is a rare hereditary disorder presenting in early infancy with renal salt loss leading to hyponatremia and hyperkalemia despite high levels of plasma aldosterone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients are insensitive to mineralocorticoids ; however, sodium supplementation is able to correct electrolyte abnormalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absent or greatly diminished type I aldosterone receptors in peripheral mononuclear leucocytes have been recently demonstrated and explain the lack of response to mineralocorticoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral mononuclear leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [61, 94]}, {"entity": "I aldosterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied the mode of inheritance in eight families with a total of nine patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was evidence for an autosomal recessive form of inheritance in four families, while the other four families appeared to have an autosomal dominant mode of transmission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In three families the autosomal recessive form was characterized by normal receptor as well as hormone data in both parents, while in one family receptor levels in both parents were greatly reduced, but hormone levels were normal.", "entity": [{"entity": "normal receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the four families with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission there was always one parent with reduced receptor binding in peripheral mononuclear leucocytes and elevated serum hormone levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral mononuclear leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [130, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These parents were entirely asymptomatic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an extended family we were able to study an aunt and her newborn daughter, who were both also biochemically affected but clinically asymptomatic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It, therefore, appears that this dual pattern of genetic transmission may indicate differing genetic defects which cause the same clinical picture of pseudohypoaldosteronism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perceived social support and tumor estrogen/progesterone receptor status as predictors of natural killer cell activity in breast cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen/progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 65]}, {"entity": "natural killer cell activity", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 118]}, {"entity": "natural killer cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [90, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report is concerned with the prediction of natural killer (NK) cell activity in 61 Stage I and II breast cancer patients , between the ages of 25 and 70, who were accrued to this project.", "entity": [{"entity": "killer (NK) cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All baseline interview and testing data were obtained either just before patients were discharged from the hospital, or at their first outpatient visit, within two weeks of discharge.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major interest of this project is the predictive value of perceived social support, as a potential \"stress\" buffer, related to NK activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the main model reported here, we found that a significant amount of NK activity variance could be explained by five variables.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher NK activity could be predicted by the perception of high quality emotional support from a spouse or intimate other , perceived social support from the patient's physician , estrogen receptor -negative tumor status , having an excisional biopsy as surgical treatment , and actively seeking social support as a major coping strategy (R2 = 0.33, F(5,55) = 5.5, p less than 0.0004).", "entity": [{"entity": "social support", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "surgical treatment", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [254, 272]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 197]}, {"entity": "excisional biopsy", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [233, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Findings are discussed in terms of host interaction with tumor endocrine status , and the role that social support might play in modulating such activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor endocrine status", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "social support", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Estrogen receptor content of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ]", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [31, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ER content in lymphocytes of peripheral blood from 27 SLE patients and 20 healthy controls were determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ER content in lymphocytes of each sample was expressed by both fmol/mg of lymphocyte cytosolic protein and fmol/micrograms of lymphocyte DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte cytosolic protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that there was no significant difference between the ER content of lymphocytes from the controls and that from patients with SLE .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the logarithmic mean of ER content in lymphocytes , expressed by fmol/mg of cytosolic protein , in 14 patients with active SLE (0.9356 +/- 0.31) was significantly higher than that in 13 patients with inactive SLE (0.2979 +/- 0.23, P less than 0.001) and in the controls (0.6204 +/- 0.52, P less than 0.001).", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "cytosolic protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The normal upper limit of ER content in lymphocytes , expressed by fmol/micrograms of DNA, was 0.136.", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elevated rate of ER content in lymphocytes in 14 active SLE (92.9%) was also higher than that in quieiescent patients (23.1%, P less than 0.001) and in the controls (10%, P less than 0.001).", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, the elevated level of ER content was found to be related to the positive antidsDNA antibody and hypocomplementemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "antidsDNA antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro globin gene switching model based on differentiated embryonic stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "differentiated embryonic stem cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to study globin gene expression and switching in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [8, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that ES-derived embryoid bodies express the full complement of mouse embryonic globin genes in the correct temporal order and that on further differentiation , a switch occurs to the fetal/adult genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal/adult genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [191, 208]}, {"entity": "ES-derived embryoid bodies", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [13, 39]}, {"entity": "mouse embryonic globin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the erythroid-specific transcription factor NF-E1 was shown to be expressed coordinately with that of globin in embryoid bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-E1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "globin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "embryoid bodies", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [125, 140]}, {"entity": "erythroid-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude from these experiments that the ES cell system provides a good model to study hematopoietic development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the human epsilon- or beta- globin genes driven by the dominant control region ( DCR ) are introduced into this system, the human epsilon- globin gene , in contrast to the beta- globin gene , is not deregulated by the presence of the DCR and is expressed strictly as an embryonic gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "beta- globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "embryonic gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [275, 289]}, {"entity": "dominant control region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 83]}, {"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "human epsilon- globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "DCR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [239, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude from this that the epsilon- globin gene is not regulated by competition with other genes in the human beta-globin locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "human beta-globin locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 131]}, {"entity": "epsilon- globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a kappa B DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen-inducible gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "kappa B DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "rel oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "cell-cycle motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have cloned and characterized a mitogen-inducible gene isolated from human T cells that predicts a protein of 968 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen-inducible gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "968 amino acids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino-terminal domain has regions homologous to the oncogene rel and to the developmentally important gene dorsal of Drosophila .", "entity": [{"entity": "oncogene rel", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "dorsal", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "amino-terminal domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxy-terminal domain contains repeat structures found in a variety of proteins that are involved in cell-cycle control of yeast and in tissue differentiation in Drosophila and Ceanorhabditis elegans , as well as in the putative human oncogene bcl-3 and in the ankyrin protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxy-terminal domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "ankyrin protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [267, 282]}, {"entity": "putative human oncogene bcl-3", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [226, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A truncated form of the product of this gene translated in vitro is a DNA-binding protein which interacts specifically with the kappa B binding site found in many inducible genes , including the enhancer in human immunodeficiency virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "inducible genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "kappa B binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 148]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gene is yet another in a growing list of important regulatory molecules whose expression is transcriptionally induced upon cellular activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extrarenal receptor-effector-mechanisms for aldosterone : the sequence of effects on the cellular electrolyte transport in human lymphocytes and their implications for disorders of the water and electrolyte balances .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High affinity aldosterone binding sites have not only been described in the classic target tissues such as the renal tubules , but also in non-classic target tissues such as the hippocampus , mammary gland , endothelial cells and, recently, human mononuclear leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [208, 225]}, {"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [241, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro effect of aldosterone on intracellular sodium , potassium and calcium concentrations and cell volume was shown in human mononuclear leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [126, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of aldosterone , the intracellular Na+ , K+ and Ca2+ concentrations and the cell volume decreased significantly, but remained constant when aldosterone (1.4 nmol/l) was added to the incubation medium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects of aldosterone were blocked by the aldosterone antagonist canrenone (140 nmol/l).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sodium/proton exchanger of the cell membrane could be identified as the primary target of the aldosterone action, possibly non-genomically mediated through membrane receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium/proton exchanger", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "membrane receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical significance of this model was underlined by the demonstration of absent or a decreased number of mineralocorticoid receptors and the lack of electrolyte response to aldosterone in human mononuclear leukocytes of patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism and aldosteronism .", "entity": [{"entity": "mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 138]}, {"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [194, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally, an abnormal effector mechanism could be demonstrated in human mononuclear leukocytes from essential hypertensives .", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [70, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies are the first to demonstrate the significance of extrarenal, nonepithelial mineralocorticoid receptors and the related effector mechanism in different disorders of the water and electrolyte balance in man .", "entity": [{"entity": "mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 116]}, {"entity": "extrarenal, nonepithelial mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical study of steroid hormones and an estrogen binding assay in malignant soft tissue tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant soft tissue tumors", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [79, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemically, the immunoreaction against 5 steroid hormone anti-sera ( estradiol , estriol , cortisol , progesterone and testosterone ) was examined in 39 cases with the malignant soft tissue tumors ( fibrosarcoma : 8, malignant fibrous histiocytoma : 6, rhabdomyosarcoma : 10, leiomyosarcoma : 10, liposarcoma : 5).", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant soft tissue tumors", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [179, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventeen cases revealed distinct immunostaining against at least 1 of the 5 steroid hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunostained tumor cells were more frequently distributed in the area where tumor cell infiltration was more invasive.", "entity": [{"entity": "Immunostained tumor cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of the positive cases occurred in female cases.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, the existence of estrogen receptor (estrogen binding activity) was examined histochemically in 39 cases and it was detected in 8.", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We concluded that steroid hormones might be closely related to tumor cell infiltration of some malignant soft tissue tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant soft tissue tumors", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [95, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway for interleukin-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of a highly specific protein inhibitor for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-responsive cells blocked IL-1-induced gene transcription that was driven by the kappa immunoglobulin enhancer or the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 90]}, {"entity": "interleukin-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [232, 281]}, {"entity": "kappa immunoglobulin enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [195, 224]}, {"entity": "IL-1-induced gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "interleukin-1 (IL-1)-responsive cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [94, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibitor did not affect protein kinase C -mediated gene transcription , suggesting that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathway for IL-1 in a number of responsive cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 130]}, {"entity": "IL-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [183, 187]}, {"entity": "responsive cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [203, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) ORI1yt enhancer is not B-cell specific and does not respond synergistically to the EBV transcription factors R and Z .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) ORI1yt enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Epstein-Barr virus DR promoter is located upstream of the PstI repeats , and in addition to the TATA box , it contains an upstream region (positions -69 to -220) responsive to EB1 (Z) (the BZLF1-encoded transcription factor ) and an enhancer with two functionally distinct domains, A and B .", "entity": [{"entity": "PstI repeats", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "EB1 (Z)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [237, 245]}, {"entity": "TATA box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "upstream region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "BZLF1-encoded transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 227]}, {"entity": "A", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 102]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus DR promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domain B has been described as a B-cell-specific EB1 -responsive element (P.M.Lieberman, J.M.Hardwick, and S.D.Hayward, J.Virol.63:3040-3050, 1989) activated synergistically by EB1 and R , an EBV early product encoded by the open reading frame BRLF1 (M.A. Cox, J.Leahy, and J.M.Hardwick, J.Virol.64:313-321, 1990).", "entity": [{"entity": "EB1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "open reading frame BRLF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [225, 249]}, {"entity": "EBV early product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 209]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific EB1 -responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 72]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [185, 186]}, {"entity": "Domain B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "EB1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [177, 180]}, {"entity": "BRLF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [244, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that domain B is an R-responsive element in HeLa cells and is therefore not an EB1 -responsive B-cell-specific element .", "entity": [{"entity": "EB1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "R-responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "domain B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "EB1 -responsive B-cell-specific element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, there is an EB1 -binding site ( ZRE-B ) located within the R-responsive enhancer region .", "entity": [{"entity": "R-responsive enhancer region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 96]}, {"entity": "EB1 -binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "EB1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "ZRE-B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZRE-B can be deleted without affecting the R-dependent enhancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZRE-B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, there is no cooperation or synergy between R and EB1 when activating the B domain ( ZRE-B plus the R-responsive element ) positioned as an enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "EB1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "ZRE-B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "B domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 54]}, {"entity": "R-responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [109, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZRE-B is therefore not part of the R- inducible enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZRE-B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "R- inducible enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have tested several subregions of the DR enhancer B domain , either alone or in combination, for their capacity to transmit the R-activating signal to the rabbit beta-globin promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabbit beta-globin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [158, 185]}, {"entity": "B domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "DR enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the R-responsive element is composed of four protoenhancers that span the whole B domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "B domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "protoenhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "R-responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These protoenhancers alone are weakly or not responsive to R .", "entity": [{"entity": "protoenhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the protoenhancers contains the overlapping palindromes 5'-TTGTCCcgtGGACAAaTGTCC-3' .", "entity": [{"entity": "protoenhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "overlapping palindromes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [39, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, one palindrome , either alone or duplicated, or the overlapping palindromes did not respond to R.", "entity": [{"entity": "palindrome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "overlapping palindromes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors ( T3R ) of circulating human lymphocytes in hyper- and hypo thyroidism and nonthyroidal diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 41]}, {"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "circulating human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical implications of nuclear T3R alterations of circulating lymphocytes in hyperthyroidism , hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal diseases were investigated.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "circulating lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [56, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear T3R in lymphocytes was determined by radio-ligand binding analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that in hyper- and hypo thyroid patients the nuclear affinity ( Ka ) for T3 was similar to that of normal subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In hyperthyroidism nuclear T3 maximal binding capacity ( MBC ) was unaltered, whereas in hypothyroidism the MBC was significantly increased.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the patients with diabetes mellitus , chronic renal failure and hepatic cirrhosis , the nuclear T3R MBC of lymphocytes was about 1.5-1.6 times of the normal controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that there existed hormonal regulation of nuclear T3R , and up-regulation was seen in hypothyroidism and low T3 syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "nuclear T3R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphocyte cell lines from vitamin D-dependent rickets type II show functional defects in the 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 133]}, {"entity": "Lymphocyte cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphocyte cell lines were established from five patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets , type II ( VDDR-II ).", "entity": [{"entity": "Lymphocyte cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lines were established by infection with human T-lymphotrophic virus type I ( HTLV-I ).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of [3H]1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( 1,25(OH)2D3 ) to its receptor in these cell lines was compared to binding studies using a T-lymphocyte cell line ( S-LB1 ) from a normal individual.", "entity": [{"entity": "T-lymphocyte cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [138, 160]}, {"entity": "S-LB1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor of S-LB1 was comparable to the well-characterized chick intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in terms of its ligand binding affinity and capacity, its mobility on 5-20% sucrose gradients, and its adsorption to and elution properties from DNA-cellulose .", "entity": [{"entity": "chick intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 112]}, {"entity": "S-LB1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three cell lines established from patients with VDDR-II ( Rh- VDR , Sh- VDR , and Ab- VDR ) showed no specific binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to a receptor and treatment of the cultured cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 did not stimulate production of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 ( 24,25(OH)2D3 ), a response which is diagnostic of the presence of a functional 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "cultured cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "functional 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [330, 361]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a fourth cell line , A1-VDR , the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 had a low binding capacity and 25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase activity was not detectable.", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "A1-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of 24,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis by 1,25(OH)2D3 was observed in the fifth cell line , designated Ro-VDR , although the sensitivity to hormone treatment was lower than in the control cell line from a normal donor .", "entity": [{"entity": "control cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [178, 195]}, {"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Ro-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capacity of the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 was low in Ro-VDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ro-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cell lines where 1,25(OH)2D3 binding to a receptor was detectable, the receptor had the typical sedimentation coefficient of 3.7 S on sucrose density gradient analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding and elution properties to DNA-cellulose , however, differed from normal in both Ro-VDR and A1-VDR cells where elution from DNA-cellulose occurred at a lower salt concentration than is typical of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [219, 227]}, {"entity": "A1-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Ro-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "A1-VDR cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "1,25(OH)2D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While Ro-VDR cells showed typical nuclear localization of the unoccupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor , neither the unoccupied nor the occupied receptor from A1-VDR cells was completely localized in the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "unoccupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 93]}, {"entity": "A1-VDR cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "Ro-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "Ro-VDR cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "A1-VDR", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [150, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a series of functional studies we found that modulation of the level of the mRNAs coding for both the c-myc oncogene and the growth factor known as granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating activity by 1,25(OH)2D3 correlated with the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor status of these cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "mRNAs", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [247, 255]}, {"entity": "1,25(OH)2D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 255]}, {"entity": "c-myc oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of these cell lines will facilitate further study of the molecular defect(s) in the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitamin D-dependent rickets type II and will allow a correlation with impairment of cellular functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of c-jun expression during monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human myeloid leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [108, 136]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AP-1 , the polypeptide product of c-jun , recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( TPA ).", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "specific DNA sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 88]}, {"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the effects of TPA on the regulation of c-jun gene expression in HL-60 cells during monocytic differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low levels of c-jun transcripts were detectable in untreated HL-60 leukemic cells , increased significantly by 6 h, and reached near maximal levels by 24 h of exposure to 32 nM TPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "untreated HL-60 leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [51, 81]}, {"entity": "c-jun transcripts", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar kinetics of c-jun induction by TPA were observed in human U-937 and THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human U-937", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [76, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar findings were obtained with bryostatin 1 (10 nM), another activator of protein kinase C and inducer of monocytic differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.5 microM), a structurally distinct agent which also induces HL-60 monocytic differentiation , increased c-jun expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TPA treatment of HL-60 cells in the presence of cycloheximide was associated with superinduction of c-jun transcripts.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Run-on analysis demonstrated detectable levels of c-jun gene transcription in untreated HL-60 cells , and that exposure to TPA increases this rate 3.3-fold.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "untreated HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of HL-60 cells with both TPA and cycloheximide had no effect on the rates of c-jun transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The half-life of c-jun RNA as determined by treating HL-60 cells with TPA and actinomycin D was 30 min.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "c-jun RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, the half-life of c-jun RNA in TPA -treated HL-60 cells exposed to cycloheximide and actinomycin D was greater than 2 h.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "c-jun RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "TPA -treated HL-60 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [43, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggested that the increase in c-jun RNA observed during TPA -induced monocytic differentiation is mediated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "c-jun RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Hormonal interactions and glucocorticoid receptors in patients with the nephrotic syndrome ]", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As many as 27 children aged 6 to 15 years with morphologically verified nephropathies were examined.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four variants of changes in the thyroid status , characteristic of children with different variants of nephrotic syndrome were distinguished: 1) biochemical signs of primary hypothyroidism , 2) biochemical signs of secondary hypothyroidism , 3) low content of T3, 4) dysfunction of the hypophyseal and thyroid system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that the low level of steroid receptors , thyroid hormones that the low level of steroid receptors , thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and cortisol is typical of children with the signs of renal dysplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "steroid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is assumed that superaddition under such conditions of immune glomerulopathy ( glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome ) gives rise to the resistance to the treatment with glucocorticoids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphoid specific gene expression of the adenovirus early region 3 promoter is mediated by NF-kappa B binding motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B binding motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [91, 116]}, {"entity": "adenovirus early region 3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A primary site of infection by human adenoviruses is lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, analysis of the viral control elements and the cellular factors that regulate adenoviral gene expression in lymphocytes has not been reported.", "entity": [{"entity": "viral control elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 47]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "cellular factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adenovirus early region 3 ( ES ) gene products are involved in the maintenance of viral persistence by complexing with the class I MHC antigens , thus preventing their cell surface expression with a resultant decrease in host immunologic destruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "class I MHC antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 147]}, {"entity": "ES", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "adenovirus early region 3", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "adenovirus early region 3 ( ES ) gene products", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether different cellular factors were involved in E3 regulation in lymphocytes as compared with HeLa cells , both DNA binding and transfection analysis with the E3 promoter in both cell types were performed.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "E3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [176, 187]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "cellular factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies detected two novel domains referred to as L1 and L2 with a variety of lymphoid but not HeLa extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "L2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "novel domains", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "L1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of these domains possessed strong homology to motifs previously found to bind the cellular factor NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "cellular factor NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfections of E3 constructs linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene revealed that mutagenesis of the distal NF-kappa B motif ( L2 ) had minimal effects on promoter expression in HeLa cells , but resulted in dramatic decreases in expression by lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [259, 273]}, {"entity": "L2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [194, 204]}, {"entity": "E3 constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "distal NF-kappa B motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 140]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, mutagenesis of proximal NF-kappa B motif ( L1 ) had minimal effects on gene expression in both HeLa cells and lymphoid cells but resulted in a small, but reproducible, increase in gene expression in lymphoid cells when coupled to the L2 mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "L2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [247, 249]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "proximal NF-kappa B motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [28, 53]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [212, 226]}, {"entity": "L1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversing the position and subsequent mutagenesis of the L1 and L2 domains indicated that the primary sequence of these motifs rather than their position in the E3 promoter was critical for regulating gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "L1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "E3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "L2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "L2 domains", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of defensin resistance phenotypes associated with mutations in the phoP virulence regulon of Salmonella typhimurium .", "entity": [{"entity": "phoP virulence regulon", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defensin sensitivities of Salmonella typhimurium strains with mutations in the phoP/phoQ two-component virulence regulon were tested by using purified defensins NP-1 and NP-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "purified defensins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 164]}, {"entity": "phoP/phoQ two-component virulence regulon", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 124]}, {"entity": "NP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "NP-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strains with mutations in either gene of the regulatory pair ( phoP [ transcriptional activator ] or phoQ [ membrane sensor kinase ]) had increased sensitivities to defensin .", "entity": [{"entity": "phoP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "regulatory pair", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "transcriptional activator", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 95]}, {"entity": "phoQ", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "membrane sensor kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted periplasmic domain of the PhoQ protein contained a markedly anionic domain that could interact with cationic proteins and that could be responsible for resistance to defensin .", "entity": [{"entity": "periplasmic domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "PhoQ protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "cationic proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 131]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because insertion mutations in phoP are polar on phoQ , we constructed strains that expressed the PhoQ protein in the absence of PhoP to test whether resistance to defensin requires only the phoQ gene product .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhoP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "phoQ", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "PhoQ protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "phoQ", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [191, 195]}, {"entity": "phoP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "phoQ gene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [191, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that resistance to defensin requires the function of both components of this regulatory system , because strains expressing PhoQ without PhoP were still markedly sensitive to defensins .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhoQ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "defensins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "PhoP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This implied that a pag ( phoP -activated gene ) product is responsible for defensin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "phoP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "phoP -activated gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "pag", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "pag ( phoP -activated gene ) product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also tested for the ability of defensins NP-1 , NP-5 , and HNP-1 to activate pag expression and found that these peptides have no effect.", "entity": [{"entity": "HNP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "pag", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "NP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "defensins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "NP-5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defensin resistance is not the only virulence characteristic controlled by the PhoP -PhoQ regulon because mutations in pagC , as well as ones in the phoP locus that resulted in constitutive pag activation (phenotype PhoPc ), had no effect on defensin resistance , even though they rendered the organism avirulent and deficient in survival within macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "phoP locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "PhoP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "pag", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "phoP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "PhoP -PhoQ regulon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "PhoPc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "defensin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [242, 250]}, {"entity": "pagC", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [346, 357]}, {"entity": "-PhoQ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The virulence defect conferred by mutations in the phoP -phoQ two-component regulatory system is not completely explained by alterations in resistance to cationic proteins and involves the control of other proteins necessary for S. typhimurium survival within macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "-phoQ", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "cationic proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 171]}, {"entity": "phoP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [260, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of a human T-cell clone with anti-CD3 or tumor necrosis factor induces NF-kappa B translocation but not human immunodeficiency virus 1 enhancer-dependent transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 74]}, {"entity": "human T-cell clone", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of transiently transfected expression vectors under the control of the long terminal repeat ( LTR ) of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) or its enhancer sequence and the translocation of the HIV enhancer-binding protein NF-kappa B were analyzed in two human T-cell clones stimulated through their T-cell receptor complex or by tumor necrosis factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [242, 252]}, {"entity": "T-cell clones", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [280, 293]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 106]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [349, 370]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptor complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [319, 342]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [213, 241]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "enhancer sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [166, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a dissociation of NF-kappa B translocation from transactivation of either the HIV LTR or the HIV enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin 2 induced proliferation but not NF-kappa B translocation or LTR transactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interleukin 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phorbol ester or specific antigen recognition induced HIV LTR transactivation , whereas stimulation with tumor necrosis factor or antibody to CD3 did not.", "entity": [{"entity": "CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 126]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two latter signals were nevertheless able to induce NF-kappa B translocation with a pattern in the band-shift assay indistinguishable from that observed using phorbol ester .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our finding that induction of NF-kappa B by tumor necrosis factor or antibody to CD3 is not sufficient to induce HIV enhancer -dependent transcription in cloned T cells contrasts with results obtained in most lymphoblastoid T-cell lines and indicates that normal T lymphocytes differ from tumoral T cells in terms of requirements for HIV LTR activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "antibody to CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [263, 276]}, {"entity": "cloned T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [154, 168]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [334, 341]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [265, 276]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "lymphoblastoid T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [209, 236]}, {"entity": "tumoral T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [289, 304]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, our results suggest that events linked to T-cell activation , in addition to NF-kappa B translocation per se, induce functional interactions of the NF-kappa B complex with the HIV enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 179]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [189, 201]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets : effect of phosphate supplementation .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "peripheral mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [65, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal renal tubular phosphate transport is considered to be the primary defect in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets ( XLH ).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, the resistance to vitamin D treatment in XLH cannot be explained by hypophosphatemia alone.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since most of the actions of vitamin D are mediated by its receptors ( VDR ), abnormalities of VDR have been postulated in XLH .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate this possibility, we measured the concentration of VDR in PHA-activated peripheral mononuclear cells from 10 XLH patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA-activated peripheral mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [82, 124]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "peripheral mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [96, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients without phosphate supplementation showed significantly lower concentration (21.7 +/- 5.1 fmol/mg protein, mean +/- SEM) compared to the normal controls (60.7 +/- 4.0).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary, there was no significant difference between the phosphate-supplemented patients (58.3 +/- 2.7) and controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant positive correlation between VDR concentration and serum phosphate (P less than 0.05).", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two patients , VDR was increased after daily phosphate supplementation was started.", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that a decreased concentration of VDR secondary to persistent hypophosphatemia is one of the causes of vitamin D resistance in XLH .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct forms of active transcription factor CREB ( cAMP response element binding protein ).", "entity": [{"entity": "active transcription factor CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 54]}, {"entity": "cAMP response element binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian cells express two distinct forms of transcription factor CREB ( cAMP response element binding protein ) that are apparently the products of alternative splicing of the CREB gene transcript .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB gene transcript", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "transcription factor CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 71]}, {"entity": "cAMP response element binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 111]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "Mammalian cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two proteins differ by a 14-amino acid serine-rich insertion present in one of the CREB isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB isoforms", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 100]}, {"entity": "14-amino acid serine-rich insertion", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 64]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that both CREB isoforms are expressed in many cell types and mammalian species .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "many cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "CREB isoforms", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both encode proteins that bind specifically to a cAMP response element in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP response element in vitro", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected for proteins of this class, the CREB proteins bind DNA as dimers.", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "CREB proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both proteins impart cAMP -regulated transcriptional activity to a heterologous DNA-binding domain , showing that cAMP directly modulates the transcriptional stimulatory activity of CREB .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 186]}, {"entity": "heterologous DNA-binding domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of multiple CREB isoforms with identical DNA-binding specificities but differences in the presumed regulatory domain raises the possibility that CREB proteins may be able to integrate distinct regulatory signals at the level of gene transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "regulatory domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 129]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "CREB isoforms", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "CREB proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human immunodeficiency virus vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human immunodeficiency virus vpr product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "virion-associated regulatory protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vpr product of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) acts in trans to accelerate virus replication and cytopathic effect in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "vpr product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here it is shown that the HIV-1 viral particle contains multiple copies of the vpr protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "vpr protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vpr product is the first regulatory protein of HIV-1 to be found in the virus particle .", "entity": [{"entity": "vpr product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This observation raises the possibility that vpr acts to facilitate the early steps of infection before de novo viral protein synthesis occurs.", "entity": [{"entity": "vpr", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel B-cell lineage-specific transcription factor present at early but not late stages of differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-cell lineage-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 52]}, {"entity": "differentiation", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel B-cell-specific transcription factor , BSAP , was identified as a mammalian homolog of the sea urchin protein TSAP , which interacts with the promoters of four tissue-specific late histone H2A-2 and H2B-2 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian homolog", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "sea urchin protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "TSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown by mobility-shift , methylation interference , and mutational analyses , the mammalian protein BSAP recognizes all four sea urchin binding sites in a manner indistinguishable from TSAP ; however, the two proteins differ in molecular weight.", "entity": [{"entity": "TSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "mammalian protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "sea urchin binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [129, 153]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BSAP is exclusively restricted to the B-cell lineage of lymphoid differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its expression appears to be activated during pro-B-cell development , is abundant at the pre-B- and mature B- cell stages , but is absent in terminally differentiated plasma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "terminally differentiated plasma cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [142, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, BSAP is clearly a B-cell-specific transcription factor , as a wild-type but not a mutant TSAP -binding site of the sea urchin functions only in transfected B cells as an upstream promoter element .", "entity": [{"entity": "transfected B cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [154, 173]}, {"entity": "TSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "mutant TSAP -binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 117]}, {"entity": "upstream promoter element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [180, 205]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 64]}, {"entity": "wild-type", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competition experiments did not reveal any high-affinity binding site for BSAP in known regulatory regions of immunoglobulin and class II major histocompatibility (MHC) genes , suggesting that BSAP is a regulator of a different set of B-lymphoid-specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "regulatory regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "high-affinity binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "B-lymphoid-specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [235, 260]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octamer transcription factors and the cell type-specificity of immunoglobulin gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell type-specificity of immunoglobulin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 82]}, {"entity": "Octamer transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies are produced exclusively in B lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of the antibody-encoding genes , the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes , is also restricted to B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "antibody-encoding genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin (Ig) genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The octamer sequence ATGCAAAT is present in the promoter and the enhancer of Ig genes , and plays an important role in its tissue-specific expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "octamer sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "Ig genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sequence motif is a binding site for nuclear proteins , the so-called octamer transcription factors ( Oct or OTF factors ).", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "sequence motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "octamer transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 104]}, {"entity": "Oct", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Oct-1 protein is present in all cell types analyzed so far, whereas Oct-2A and Oct-2B are found mainly in B lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "Oct-2B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Oct-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three proteins show the same sequence specificity and binding affinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that the B cell-specific expression of Ig genes is mediated at least in part by cell type-specific Oct factors , and that there are both quantitative and qualitative differences between Oct-1 and Oct-2 factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 202]}, {"entity": "Oct-2 factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 220]}, {"entity": "type-specific Oct factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "Ig genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently, a number of other octamer factor variants were identified.", "entity": [{"entity": "octamer factor variants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these may be created by alternative splicing of a primary transcript of one Oct factor gene and may serve a specific function in the fine tuning of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary transcript", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A factor known to bind to endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer only in lymphocytes is a ubiquitously active transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 60]}, {"entity": "ubiquitously active transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional enhancer located in the first intron of the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region is a major determinant of B-cell-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [163, 183]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like other enhancers , the Ig heavy chain enhancer contains several short sequence motifs that bind specific transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "sequence motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "specific transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each binding site contributes to the overall activity of the enhancer , however no single element seems absolutely required for activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a better understanding of the Ig heavy chain enhancer components , we have cloned and analyzed individual sequence elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "sequence elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 57]}, {"entity": "Ig heavy chain enhancer components", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the factor that binds to the E3 enhancer motif , CATGTGGC , is a ubiquitous transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitous transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 109]}, {"entity": "E3 enhancer motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is present in an active form in both B cells and non- B cells , where it can mediate transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "non- B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, despite its ability to activate transcription of a transfected reporter gene , the factor is apparently unable to bind to the endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer in non- lymphoid cells : In previous experiments by others, the characteristic in vivo footprint of this factor, designated NF-muE3 , was detected in B cells but not in non-B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-muE3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [294, 301]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [320, 327]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [178, 192]}, {"entity": "transfected reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 85]}, {"entity": "Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 169]}, {"entity": "non- lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [173, 192]}, {"entity": "non-B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [339, 350]}, {"entity": "endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [135, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this and other findings the picture emerges that there are at least three categories of factors which mediate cell-type-specific transcription in B lymphocytes : (a) cell-specific factors such as Oct-2A and Oct-2B that are not expressed in most other cell types: (b) ubiquitous factors such as NF-kappa B that are constitutively active in B cells but are sequestered in an inactive form in other cells; (c) ubiquitously active factors , exemplified by the one binding to the E3 sequence motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [212, 218]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [299, 309]}, {"entity": "ubiquitous factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [272, 290]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [344, 351]}, {"entity": "ubiquitously active factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [412, 439]}, {"entity": "cell-specific factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 192]}, {"entity": "E3 sequence motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [480, 497]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This factor is present in an active form in a variety of cell types but is apparently unable to bind to the endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer in non-B cells , perhaps due to a non-permissive chromatin structure of the Ig heavy chain locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ig heavy chain locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [219, 239]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [192, 201]}, {"entity": "endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 142]}, {"entity": "Ig heavy chain enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 142]}, {"entity": "non-B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Endocrine status changes in children with bronchial asthma ]", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study was made of adrenocortical function by measuring blood plasma cortisol concentration and amount of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes as well as thyroid function by measuring blood plasma triidothyronine and thyroxine concentration in 58 bronchial asthma children aged 1 to 14 years.", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 131]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors revealed alterations in the functional activity of the indicated endocrine glands depending on the intensity of bronchial patency disorders and the nature of the therapeutic measures carried out.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAR independent activation of the human immunodeficiency virus in phorbol ester stimulated T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "TAR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple regulatory elements in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat ( HIV LTR ) are required for activation of HIV gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 85]}, {"entity": "Multiple regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous transfection studies of HIV LTR constructs linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene indicated that multiple regulatory regions including the enhancer , SP1 , TATA and TAR regions were important for HIV gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 104]}, {"entity": "TAR regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "SP1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "regulatory regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [129, 147]}, {"entity": "TATA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To characterize these regulatory elements further, mutations in these regions were inserted into both the 5' and 3' HIV LTRs and infectious proviral constructs were assembled.", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These constructs were transfected into either HeLa cells , Jurkat cells or U937 cells in both the presence and absence of phorbol esters which have previously been demonstrated to activate HIV gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral gene expression was assayed by the level of p24 gag protein released from cultures transfected with the proviral constructs .", "entity": [{"entity": "p24 gag protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results in all cell lines indicated that mutations of the SP1 , TATA and the TAR loop and stem secondary structure resulted in marked decreases in gene expression while mutations of the enhancer motif or TAR primary sequence resulted in only slight decreases.", "entity": [{"entity": "TAR primary sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [204, 224]}, {"entity": "TAR loop", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "stem secondary structure", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 114]}, {"entity": "TATA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "SP1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "enhancer motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [186, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, viruses containing mutations in either the TAR loop sequences or stem secondary structure which were very defective for gene expression in untreated Jurkat cells , gave nearly wild-type levels of gene expression in phorbol ester -treated Jurkat cells but not in phorbol ester -treated HeLa or U937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "stem secondary structure", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [74, 98]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester -treated HeLa", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [271, 298]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [302, 312]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [247, 259]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester -treated Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [224, 259]}, {"entity": "TAR loop sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High level gene expression of these TAR mutant constructs in phorbol ester -treated Jurkat cells was eliminated by second site mutations in the enhancer region or by disruption of the tat gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAR mutant constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "tat gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester -treated Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [61, 96]}, {"entity": "enhancer region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of hypersensitivity to thyroid hormones with normally functioning thyroid gland and increased nuclear triiodothyronine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "triiodothyronine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 52-year-old male presented himself with tachycardia crises which appeared first during childhood, increased in frequency without goiter or exophthalmos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac and adrenergic diseases were excluded.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thyroid function was normal regarding T4 , free T4 and T3 , TBG , radioiodine uptake , TSH and T3 suppressibility ; however the TSH response to TRH was decreased.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lymphocyte nuclear T3 receptor was found with an affinity close to that of normal volunteers (Ka: 1.42 x 10(10) M-1 vs 1.95 +/- 0.35 x 10(10) M-1) and a binding capacity markedly increased (9.9 vs 3.7 +/- 0.4 fmol T3 /100 micrograms DNA).", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocyte nuclear T3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pindolol was inefficient on the dysrhythmia which disappeared with carbimazole and relapsed after withdrawal of the antithyroid drug.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under carbimazole , the plasma T4 markedly decreased (27.7 +/- 3.6 nmol/l) but the patient remained euthyroid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical course and the laboratory data suggest that the tachycardia crises are the consequence of a hypersensitivity of the heart to thyroid hormones , associated with an increased number of T3 nuclear receptor sites in lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [225, 236]}, {"entity": "T3 nuclear receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of immediate early response genes by macrophage colony-stimulating factor in normal human monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "immediate early response genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 43]}, {"entity": "normal human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 109]}, {"entity": "macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of coordinately induced protooncogenes , cytoskeletal , and extracellular matrix genes have been termed immediate early response genes , and their induction has been associated with growth factor -stimulated cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "immediate early response genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 142]}, {"entity": "growth factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [190, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the induction of these genes by macrophage-CSF ( M-CSF ) in human monocytes that do not proliferate in response to M-CSF but require the factor for optimal cell differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophage-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal human monocytes were isolated, carefully washed, and incubated for 36 to 48 h in fetal bovine serum-containing medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of this incubation the resting cells were stimulated with M-CSF , and RNA was isolated for analysis by Northern blotting .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "resting cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA from control resting cells contained low to undetectable levels of c-jun , fibronectin receptor , and actin mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "resting cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "fibronectin receptor", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "actin mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within 15 to 30 min of addition of M-CSF , however, there was a dramatic coordinate induction of these genes.", "entity": [{"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The c-jun gene expression was very transient and was not detectable by 60 min after M-CSF addition .", "entity": [{"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "c-jun gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, the expression of actin and fibronectin receptor mRNA was more sustained, and the expression of these genes remained elevated at 24 to 48 h after M-CSF addition .", "entity": [{"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed the induction of the myelomonocytic specific tyrosine kinase hck gene simultaneously with the other immediate early response genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "myelomonocytic specific tyrosine kinase hck gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 86]}, {"entity": "myelomonocytic specific tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 77]}, {"entity": "immediate early response genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did not block the induction of any of these genes, and in fact, super-induced the expression of c-jun and hck .", "entity": [{"entity": "hck", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear run on transcription of the c-jun , hck , and actin genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "hck", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "actin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore, in normal human monocytes M-CSF induces immediate early response genes without inducing cell proliferation.", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "normal human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "M-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "immediate early response genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These genes may then play a role in altering the physiologic status of the cells in response to CSF .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inducible nuclear factor binding to the kappa B elements of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in T cells can be blocked by cyclosporin A in a signal-dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "kappa B elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclosporin A ( CsA ) is thought to exert its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting the expression of a distinct set of lymphokine genes which are induced upon T-cell activation , among them the gene coding for interleukin-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphokine genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [122, 138]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [213, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the activation of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is partially suppressed.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying suppression by CsA , we have investigated the effects of this drug on transcription factors in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 148]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that the formation of two distinct mitogen-inducible DNA-binding complexes , the kappa B complex within the HIV enhancer and the NFAT-1 complex within the interleukin-2 enhancer , is inhibited in the presence of CsA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1 complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "mitogen-inducible DNA-binding complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 89]}, {"entity": "kappa B complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 183]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [170, 192]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kappa B-binding activity with the HIV enhancer is inhibited only if it is activated via the mitogen phytohemagglutinin whereas phorbol myristate acetate -mediated activation is completely insensitive to the drug.", "entity": [{"entity": "phytohemagglutinin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 122]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "mitogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests a model in which functionally indistinguishable kappa B complexes can be activated via two separate pathways of signal transduction distinguishable by CsA .", "entity": [{"entity": "kappa B complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification of TCF-1 alpha , a T-cell-specific transcription factor that activates the T-cell receptor C alpha gene enhancer in a context-dependent manner.", "entity": [{"entity": "T-cell receptor C alpha gene enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 125]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differentiation of T cells into functionally diverse subpopulations is controlled in part, by transcriptional activation and silencing ; however, little is known in detail about the proteins that influence this developmental process .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have purified a new T-cell-specific factor , TCF-1 alpha , that is implicated in the activation of genes encoding a major component of the human T-cell receptor ( TCR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "T-cell-specific factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 45]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "human T-cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCF-1 alpha , originally identified and purified through its binding sites on the HIV-1 promoter , was found to bind to the TCR alpha enhancer and to promoters for several genes expressed at significantly earlier stages of T-cell development than the TCR alpha gene (e.g., p56lck and CD3 delta ).", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [251, 254]}, {"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "CD3 delta", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [284, 293]}, {"entity": "p56lck", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [273, 279]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 142]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [251, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequences related to the TCF-1 alpha binding motif ( 5'-GGCACCCTTTGA-3' ) are also found in the human TCR delta (and possibly TCR beta ) enhancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR beta", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha binding motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 50]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "TCR delta", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "human TCR delta", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southwestern and gel renaturation experiments with the use of purified protein fractions revealed that TCF-1 alpha activity is derived from a family of 57- to 53-kD proteins that are abundantly expressed in mature and immature T-cell lines ( Jurkat , CCRF-CEM ) and not in mature B cells ( JY , Namalwa ) or nonlymphoid (HeLa) cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCRF-CEM", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [251, 259]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "nonlymphoid (HeLa) cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [308, 337]}, {"entity": "mature B cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [273, 287]}, {"entity": "JY", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [290, 292]}, {"entity": "Namalwa", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [295, 302]}, {"entity": "57- to 53-kD proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 173]}, {"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small 95-bp fragment of the TCR alpha control region that contains the TCF-1 alpha binding site juxtaposed between a cAMP-response element (the CRE or T alpha 1 motif ) and the binding site for a distinct lymphoid-specific protein ( TCF-2 alpha ) behaved as a potent T-cell-specific enhancer in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1 alpha binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 97]}, {"entity": "CRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha control region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 54]}, {"entity": "T alpha 1 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 168]}, {"entity": "binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "TCF-2 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 246]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [269, 293]}, {"entity": "cAMP-response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 140]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tandem copies of this enhancer functioned synergistically in mature (Jurkat) T-cell lines as well as resting and activated immature (CCRF-CEM) T-cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "mature (Jurkat) T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [61, 89]}, {"entity": "immature (CCRF-CEM) T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [123, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the TCF-1 alpha binding site diminished enhancer activity and disrupted the synergism observed in vivo between tandem enhancer repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "tandem enhancer repeats", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [123, 146]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [16, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TCF-1 alpha binding site was also required for TCR alpha enhancer activity in transcriptionally active extracts from Jurkat but not HeLa cells , confirming that TCF-1 alpha is a T-cell-specific transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 218]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curiously, the TCF-1 alpha binding element was inactive in vivo when removed from its neighboring elements on the TCR alpha enhancer and positioned in one or more copies upstream of a heterologous promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR alpha enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 132]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "heterologous promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [184, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, the transcriptional activity of TCF-1 alpha appears to depend on the TCF-2 alpha and T alpha 1 ( CREB ) transcription factors and the context of its binding site within the TCR alpha enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-2 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 197]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 131]}, {"entity": "T alpha 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tandem AP-1-binding sites within the human beta-globin dominant control region function as an inducible enhancer in erythroid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human beta-globin dominant control region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [37, 78]}, {"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "inducible enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "Tandem AP-1-binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A powerful enhancer has been mapped to an 18-bp DNA segment located 11 kb 5' to the human epsilon-globin gene within the dominant control or locus-activating region .", "entity": [{"entity": "18-bp DNA segment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 59]}, {"entity": "human epsilon-globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 109]}, {"entity": "locus-activating region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 164]}, {"entity": "dominant control", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enhancer is inducible in K562 human erythroleukemia cells , increasing linked gamma-globin promoter /luciferase gene expression to 170-fold over an enhancerless construct .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "enhancerless construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 175]}, {"entity": "/luciferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "K562 human erythroleukemia cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [30, 62]}, {"entity": "gamma-globin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhancer consists of tandem AP-1-binding sites , phased 10 bp apart, which are both required for full activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "tandem AP-1-binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 50]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA-protein binding assays with nuclear extracts from induced cells demonstrate a high molecular weight complex on the enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "high molecular weight complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of this complex also requires both AP-1 sites and correlates with maximal enhancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "AP-1 sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of the enhancer may have a role in the increase in globin gene transcription that characterizes erythroid maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "globin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancer activity appears to be mediated by the binding of a complex of proteins from the jun and fos families to tandem AP-1 consensus sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "jun and fos families", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "tandem AP-1 consensus sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a novel factor that interacts with an immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter and stimulates transcription in conjunction with the lymphoid cell-specific factor OTF2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 91]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cell-specific factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 174]}, {"entity": "OTF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [175, 179]}, {"entity": "novel factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tissue-specific expression of the MOPC 141 immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene was studied by using in vitro transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "MOPC 141 immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B-cell-specific transcription of this gene was dependent on the octamer element 5'-ATGCAAAG-3' , located in the upstream region of this promoter and in the promoters of all other immunoglobulin heavy- and light- chain genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "upstream region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "octamer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of purified octamer transcription factors 1 and 2 ( OTF1 and OTF2 ) with the MOPC 141 promoter was studied by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "MOPC 141 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "octamer transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 57]}, {"entity": "OTF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "OTF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified OTF1 from HeLa cells and OTF1 and OTF2 from B cells bound to identical sequences within the heavy-chain promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "heavy-chain promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "OTF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "OTF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OTF interactions we observed extended over the heptamer element 5'-CTCAGGA-3' , and it seems likely that the binding of the purified factors involves cooperation between octamer and heptamer sites in this promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "heptamer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [209, 217]}, {"entity": "purified factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to these elements, we identified a second regulatory element , the N element with the sequence 5'-GGAACCTCCCCC-3' .", "entity": [{"entity": "N element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N element could independently mediate low levels of transcription in both B-cell and HeLa-cell extracts , and, in conjunction with the octamer element , it can promote high levels of transcription in B-cell extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "N element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "octamer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [139, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N element bound a transcription factor , NTF , that is ubiquitous in cell-type distribution , and NTF was distinct from any of the previously described proteins that bind to similar sequences.", "entity": [{"entity": "cell-type distribution", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 95]}, {"entity": "previously described proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 164]}, {"entity": "N element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "NTF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "NTF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these results, we propose that NTF and OTF2 interactions (both with their cognate DNA elements and possibly at the protein-protein level ) may be critical to B-cell-specific expression and that these interactions provide additional pathways for regulating gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "cognate DNA elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "NTF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-kappa B as inducible transcriptional activator of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 49]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 110]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of the gene encoding the granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) is induced upon activation of T cells with phytohemagglutinin and active phorbolester and upon expression of tax1 , a transactivating protein of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I .", "entity": [{"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [210, 214]}, {"entity": "transactivating protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [219, 242]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 89]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 89]}, {"entity": "phytohemagglutinin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same agents induce transcription from the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain and interleukin-2 genes , depending on promoter elements that bind the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B (or an NF-kappa B -like factor ).", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "inducible transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 182]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B -like factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore tested the possibility that the GM-CSF gene is also regulated by a cognate motif for the NF-kappa B transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 133]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent functional analysis by Miyatake et al. (S. Miyatake, M. Seiki, M. Yoshida, and K. Arai, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5581-5587, 1988) described a short promoter region in the GM-CSF gene that conferred strong inducibility by T-cell-activating signals and tax1 , but no NF-kappa B -binding motifs were identified.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [268, 278]}, {"entity": "short promoter region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B -binding motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [268, 294]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [254, 258]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [174, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays , we showed binding of purified human NF-kappa B and of the NF-kappa B activated in Jurkat T cells to an oligonucleotide comprising the GM-CSF promoter element responsible for mediating responsiveness to T-cell-activating signals and tax1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 186]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "human NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [278, 282]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF promoter element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [180, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown by a methylation interference analysis and oligonucleotide competition experiments, purified NF-kappa B binds at positions -82 to -91 ( GGGAACTACC ) of the GM-CSF promoter sequence with an affinity similar to that with which it binds to the biologically functional kappa B motif in the beta interferon promoter ( GGGAAATTCC ).", "entity": [{"entity": "positions -82 to -91", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [122, 142]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [165, 180]}, {"entity": "beta interferon promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [295, 319]}, {"entity": "biologically functional kappa B motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [250, 287]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two kappa B-like motifs at positions -98 to -108 of the GM-CSF promoter were also recognized but with much lower affinities.", "entity": [{"entity": "positions -98 to -108", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "kappa B-like motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data provide strong evidence that the expression of the GM-CSF gene following T-cell activation is controlled by binding of the NF-kappa B transcription factor to a high-affinity binding site in the GM-CSF promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "high-affinity binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [169, 195]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 163]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [203, 218]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of mitogenic agents upon glucocorticoid action in human tonsillar T- lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human tonsillar T- lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [58, 88]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of human tonsillar T- lymphocytes with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( PMA ), resulted in about two fold increase in glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) number , without any significant change in the receptor affinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 158]}, {"entity": "human tonsillar T- lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [17, 47]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increase disappeared in the presence of cycloheximide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alone, PMA and calcium ionophore A23187 did not affect, but together stimulated, like phytohaemagglutinin ( PHA ), leucine and, in particular, thymidine incorporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "phytohaemagglutinin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PMA enhanced slightly the stimulatory effect of PHA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alone, these agents failed to alter the suppressive effect of dexamethasone on thymidine and leucine incorporation ; however, PMA -A23187 and PMA -PHA combinations appeared to antagonize the suppression by dexamethasone .", "entity": [{"entity": "-PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To be or not to be a responder in T-cell responses : ubiquitous oligopeptides in all proteins.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid sequences of all proteins are essays written in the same language.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly, the same set of words and phrases ( oligopeptides ) appear in totally unrelated proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "unrelated proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reason that only certain individuals of particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes can mount T-cell responses against a given antigen of pathogens is found in the fact that T-cell receptors are designed to recognize 18-20 residue-long peptide fragments sandwiched between two alpha-helices of class I or class II MHC molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "class II MHC molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [326, 348]}, {"entity": "alpha-helices", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [298, 311]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [195, 211]}, {"entity": "major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 104]}, {"entity": "class I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [315, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this range of peptide lengths , most would appear as self, while nonselfness of the remainders are destined to be quite ambiguous, hence creating responders and nonresponders.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct signal transmission pathways in T lymphocytes are inhibited by complexes formed between an immunophilin and either FK506 or rapamycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "immunophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proliferation and immunologic function of T lymphocytes are initiated by signals from the antigen receptor that are inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506 but not by its structural analog, rapamycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "antigen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand, interleukin 2 ( IL-2 )-induced signals are blocked by rapamycin but not by FK506 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably, these two drugs inhibit each other's actions, raising the possibility that both act by means of a common immunophilin ( immunosuppressant binding protein ).", "entity": [{"entity": "immunosuppressant binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 165]}, {"entity": "immunophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the dissociation constant of rapamycin to the FK506 binding protein FKBP (Kd = 0.2 nM) is close to the dissociation constant of FK506 to FKBP (Kd = 0.4 nM) and to their effective biologic inhibitory concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "FK506 binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, an excess of rapamycin is needed to revert FK506 -mediated inhibition of IL-2 production , apoptosis , and transcriptional activation of NF-AT , a T-cell-specific transcription factor necessary for IL-2 gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 211]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 192]}, {"entity": "IL-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [207, 216]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly, an excess of FK506 is needed to revert rapamycin -mediated inhibition of IL-2 -induced proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug concentrations required for antagonism may be explained by the relative affinity of the drugs to, and by the abundance of, the immunophilin FKBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "immunophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FKBP has been shown to catalyze the interconversion of the cis- and trans- rotamers of the peptidyl-prolyl amide bond of peptide substrates ; here we show that rapamycin , like FK506 , is a potent inhibitor of the rotamase activity of FKBP (Ki = 0.2 nM).", "entity": [{"entity": "peptidyl-prolyl amide bond", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 117]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither FKBP binding nor inhibition of rotamase activity of FKBP alone is sufficient to explain the biologic actions of these drugs.", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather, these findings suggest that immunophilin bound to FK506 interferes with antigen receptor -induced signals , while rapamycin bound to the immunophilin interferes with IL-2 -induced signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "immunophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "immunophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "antigen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adherence-dependent increase in human monocyte PDGF(B) mRNA is associated with increases in c-fos , c-jun , and EGR2 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocyte PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [32, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adherence is an important initial step in the transition of a circulating monocyte to a tissue macrophage .", "entity": [{"entity": "circulating monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "tissue macrophage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This differentiation is accompanied by an augmented capacity to generate growth factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that adherence itself might be an important trigger for a sequence of gene activation culminating in cells with increased mRNA encoding profibrotic growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor B subunit ( PDGF[B] ) and transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta ).", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF[B]", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "transforming growth factor-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [244, 275]}, {"entity": "platelet-derived growth factor B subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 227]}, {"entity": "growth factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 178]}, {"entity": "TGF-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [278, 286]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After in vitro adherence, human monocytes had a biphasic increase in PDGF(B) mRNA with peaks at 6 h and 13 d.", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No increase in TGF-beta mRNA was observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "TGF-beta mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "TGF-beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 6-h increase in PDGF(B) mRNA was adherence dependent, and in addition, was abrogated when the cytoskeletal integrity was compromised by cytochalasin D .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 6-h increase in PDGF(B) mRNA was unaltered by adherence in the presence of the monocyte stimulus lipopolysaccharide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adherence to either fibronectin or collagen-coated plastic had little consistent effect on PDGF(B) mRNA accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased PDGF(B) mRNA observed in adherent monocytes was accompanied by increases in mRNAs of the early growth response genes c-fos (maximal at 20 min), c-jun, and EGR2 (maximal at 6-24 h).", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "early growth response genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [103, 130]}, {"entity": "mRNAs", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "PDGF(B) mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "adherent monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in c-jun and EGR2, but not c-fos , mRNA was also abrogated by cytochalasin D .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest that adherence results in increases of c-fos , c-jun , EGR2 , and PDGF(B) mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the increases in c-jun , EGR2 , and PDGF(B) may depend on cytoskeletal rearrangement .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF(B)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "EGR2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of these events at the time of adherence offers a mechanism by which differential priming of the cells may be accomplished.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single cell assay of a transcription factor reveals a threshold in transcription activated by signals emanating from the T-cell antigen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "T-cell antigen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of T lymphocytes through their antigen receptor leads to the appearance of several transcription factors , including NF-AT and NF-kappa B , which are involved in regulating genes required for immunologic activation.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "antigen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 116]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the activity of a single transcription factor in individual viable cells , we have applied an assay that uses the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to quantitate beta-galactosidase ( beta-gal ).", "entity": [{"entity": "individual viable cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [64, 87]}, {"entity": "beta-gal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "beta-galactosidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the distribution of NF-AT transcriptional activity among T cells undergoing activation by using a construct in which three tandem copies of the NF-AT -binding site directs transcription of the lacZ gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacZ gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [210, 219]}, {"entity": "NF-AT -binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpectedly, stimulation of cloned stably transfected Jurkat T cells leads to a bimodal pattern of beta-gal expression in which some cells express no beta-gal and others express high levels.", "entity": [{"entity": "beta-gal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "cloned stably transfected Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This expression pattern cannot be accounted for by cell-cycle position or heritable variation.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further results, in which beta-gal activity is correlated with NF-AT -binding activity , indicate that the concentration of NF-AT must exceed a critical threshold before transcription initiates.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "beta-gal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This threshold likely reflects the NF-AT concentration-dependent assembly of transcription complexes at the promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "transcription complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar constructs controlled by NF-kappa B or the entire interleukin-2 enhancer show bimodal expression patterns during induction, suggesting that thresholds set by the concentration of transcription factors may be a common property of inducible genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "inducible genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [237, 252]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) BMRF1 promoter for early antigen ( EA-D ) is regulated by the EBV transactivators , BRLF1 and BZLF1 , in a cell-specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "BRLF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "EBV transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 112]}, {"entity": "early antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "BZLF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) BMRF1 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse component ( EA-D ) is essential for Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase activity , and its activity is suppressed during latent infection.", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse component", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 54]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "early antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "virus DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the regulation of the promoter ( BMRF1 ) for this early gene by studying its responsiveness in vitro to two immediate-early viral transactivators , BZLF1 ( Z ) and BRLF1 ( R ), focusing on the differences in response in lymphoid cells and epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 166]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [236, 250]}, {"entity": "BMRF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "BRLF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "BZLF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "immediate-early viral transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 161]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [255, 271]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lymphoid cells , Z or R alone produced only small increases in EA-D promoter activity , whereas both transactivators together produced a large stimulatory effect.", "entity": [{"entity": "transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "EA-D promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In epithelial cells , the Z transactivator alone produced maximal stimulation of the EA-D promoter ; the effect of R and Z together was no greater than that of Z alone.", "entity": [{"entity": "Z transactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "EA-D promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 116]}, {"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletional analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the EA-D promoter demonstrated that in epithelial cells the potential AP-1 binding site plays an essential role in Z responsiveness, although sequences further upstream are also important.", "entity": [{"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 169]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "AP-1 binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [123, 140]}, {"entity": "EA-D promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lymphoid cells , only the upstream sequences are required for transactivation by the Z/R combination, and the AP-1 site is dispensable.", "entity": [{"entity": "upstream sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "Z/R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "AP-1 site", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that EA-D ( BMRF1 ) promoter regulation by Z and R is cell type specific and appears to involve different mechanisms in each cell type.", "entity": [{"entity": "R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 34]}, {"entity": "Z", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 63]}, {"entity": "EA-D ( BMRF1 ) promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 47]}, {"entity": "EA-D", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "BMRF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complementary DNA encoding the human T-cell FK506 -binding protein , a peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase distinct from cyclophilin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "human T-cell FK506 -binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 66]}, {"entity": "peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 105]}, {"entity": "Complementary DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recently discovered macrolide FK506 has been demonstrated to have potent immunosuppressive activity at concentrations 100-fold lower than cyclosporin A , a cyclic undecapeptide that is used to prevent rejection after transplantation of bone marrow and organs , such as kidney , heart , and liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the recent discovery that the cyclosporin A -binding protein cyclophilin is identical to peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase , a cellular binding protein for FK506 was found to be distinct from cyclophilin but to have the same enzymatic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A -binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 66]}, {"entity": "cellular binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 129]}, {"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study, we isolated a cDNA coding for FK506 -binding protein ( FKBP ) from human peripheral blood T cells by using mixed 20-mer oligonucleotide probes synthesized on the basis of the sequence, Glu-Asp-Gly-Lys-Lys-Phe-Asp , reported for bovine FKBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [250, 254]}, {"entity": "bovine FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [243, 254]}, {"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA isolated contained an open reading frame encoding 108 amino acid residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first 40 residues of the deduced amino acid sequence were identical to those of the reported amino-terminal sequence of bovine FKBP , indicating that the DNA sequence isolated represents the gene coding for FKBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "amino acid sequence", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [211, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer-assisted analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that FKBP exhibits no internal homology and does not have significant sequence similarity to any other amino acid sequences of known proteins, including cyclophilin .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [225, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result suggests that two catalytically similar proteins, cyclophilin and FKBP , evolved independently.", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Northern blot analysis , mRNA species of approximately 1.8 kilobases that hybridized with human FKBP cDNA were detected in poly(A)+ RNAs from brain , lung , liver , and placental cells and leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human FKBP cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "mRNA species", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "placental cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [172, 187]}, {"entity": "leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [192, 202]}, {"entity": "poly(A)+ RNAs", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of Jurkat leukemic T cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin did not affect the level of FKBP mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "Jurkat leukemic T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 36]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes suggests the existence of only a few copies of the DNA sequence encoding FKBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "human genomic DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "restriction enzymes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is in contrast to the result that as many as 20 copies of the cyclophilin gene and possible pseudogenes may be present in the mammalian genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "mammalian genome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 147]}, {"entity": "cyclophilin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of a second lymphoid-specific enhancer element in the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [80, 111]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether enhancer elements in addition to the highly conserved octamer (OCTA)-nucleotide motif are important for lymphoid-specific expression of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene , we have investigated the effect of mutating the binding site for a putative additional lymphoid-specific transcription factor , designated NF-microB , in the murine IgH enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [359, 378]}, {"entity": "putative additional lymphoid-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [268, 326]}, {"entity": "octamer (OCTA)-nucleotide motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 106]}, {"entity": "NF-microB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [340, 349]}, {"entity": "enhancer elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 198]}, {"entity": "binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [249, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the NF-microB-binding site plays a critical role in the IgH enhancer , because mutation of the microB DNA motif decreased transcriptional activity of the IgH enhancer in cells of the B-cell lineage but not in nonlymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "NF-microB-binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "nonlymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [229, 246]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [174, 186]}, {"entity": "B-cell lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [203, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was comparable to or even stronger than the effect of a mutation in the OCTA site .", "entity": [{"entity": "OCTA site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, combined mutation of both microB and OCTA sites further reduced enhancer activity in lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "microB", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "OCTA sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, alteration of either the microB or E3 site in a 70-base-pair fragment of the IgH enhancer that lacks the binding site for OCTA abolished enhancer activity in lymphoid cells completely.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "E3 site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "70-base-pair fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 84]}, {"entity": "microB", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless, a multimer of the microB motif alone showed no enhancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "microB motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "microB", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNase footprinting analysis corroborated the functional data showing that a lymphoid-specific protein binds to the microB DNA motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "microB", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "microB DNA motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that the microB element is a new crucial element important for lymphoid-specific expression of the IgH gene but that interaction with another enhancer element is essential for its activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "microB element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [162, 178]}, {"entity": "microB", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 ( HIV-2 ) gene expression by the cytomegalovirus and HIV-2 transactivator gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-2 transactivator gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) often causes latent infection.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transactivation by some DNA viruses has been implicated in inducing HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transactivator (IE-2) gene of the human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) can enhance HIV-2 as well as HIV-1 gene expression in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "transactivator (IE-2) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inducer can act in concert with the HIV-2 tat gene and T-cell activation in enhancing gene expression in human CD4+ lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CD4+ lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 132]}, {"entity": "HIV-2 tat gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the HIV-2 and HIV-1 tat genes and T-cell activators apparently employ independent modes of action, the CMV transactivator in combination with the HIV-2 tat or T-cell activators may employ a gene activation pathway with some common and some distinct components.", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-2 tat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 tat genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "T-cell activators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "T-cell activators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 182]}, {"entity": "CMV transactivator", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both HIV-2 and CMV transactivators enhance HIV-2 gene expression by transcriptional activation involving transcript initiation as well as elongation , with CMV transactivator affecting elongation more than the initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CMV transactivators", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "transactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "CMV transactivator", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant proportion of transcripts appear to terminate prematurely in the absence of transactivators .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcripts", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "transactivators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion mutation analysis of the HIV-2 long terminal repeat ( LTR ) suggests that the element that responds to CMV transactivation in human CD4+ lymphocytes is either a diffuse one or located downstream of the HIV-2 enhancer element .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "human CD4+ lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [135, 157]}, {"entity": "HIV-2 enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [211, 233]}, {"entity": "HIV-2 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of mononuclear infiltrates in breast carcinomas --correlation with tumour differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "mononuclear infiltrates", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory infiltrates were analysed in tissue sections of 76 breast carcinomas by counting the percentage of macrophages , IgA+ and IgG+ plasma cells , T cells with their subpopulations, and natural killer cells , and by measuring postcapillary venules ( PCVs , found in 12 cases) within the infiltrates.", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "natural killer cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [194, 214]}, {"entity": "Inflammatory infiltrates", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These parameters were correlated with nuclear grade and biochemically determined hormone receptor status , known markers of tumour differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A direct correlation was found between the extent of inflammation and nuclear grade (P less than 0.0001), and an inverse correlation between inflammation and oestrogen receptor ( OR ) positivity (P less than 0.05) as well as inflammation and progesterone receptor ( PR ) positivity (P less than 0.05).", "entity": [{"entity": "OR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 181]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [242, 263]}, {"entity": "oestrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 176]}, {"entity": "PR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [266, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The percentage of the OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells increased when the inflammation expanded from scanty to moderate (P less than 0.02).", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [22, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diameter of the PCVs also increased with increasing inflammatory infiltrate (P less than 0.02).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, a direct correlation exists between the diameter of the PCVs and both the percentage of the OKT8+ T cells (P less than 0.04) and the Leu-7+ natural killer cells (P less than 0.03).", "entity": [{"entity": "natural killer cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [153, 173]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "OKT8+ T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactivity of lymphocytes to a progesterone receptor-specific monoclonal antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptor-specific monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 81]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we present evidence for reactivity of pregnancy lymphocytes , but not nonpregnancy lymphocytes , with the progesterone receptor-specific monoclonal antibody mPRI .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptor-specific monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 170]}, {"entity": "nonpregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [84, 108]}, {"entity": "mPRI", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using an avidin -biotin peroxidase detection system , we found a nuclear staining in 14.6 +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM, N = 27) of pregnancy lymphocytes , while only 0.47 +/- 0.33% (mean +/- SEM, N = 15) of nonpregnancy lymphocytes reacted with the antibody.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "nonpregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [201, 225]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [214, 225]}, {"entity": "-biotin peroxidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "avidin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [125, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To characterize the receptor-bearing subset, CD8+ and CD4+ cells were depleted by complement-dependent lysis.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of CD8+ cells was accompanied by 62 +/- 18% loss of progesterone receptor -bearing cells , while depletion of CD4+ cells resulted in a twofold increase in the number of positively staining lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 83]}, {"entity": "CD8+ cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [199, 210]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptor -bearing cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [62, 98]}, {"entity": "CD4+ cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nonpregnancy lymphocytes a 3-day PHA treatment , as well as allogeneic stimulation, resulted in a significant increase in the number of receptor-containing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "receptor-containing cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [139, 164]}, {"entity": "nonpregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that pregnancy , but not nonpregnancy , lymphocytes contain progesterone binding structures , and that these are inducible by mitogenic or alloantigenic stimuli .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone binding structures", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 113]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of human CD4 T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CD4 T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [14, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction of fibronectin with VLA-5 receptor on CD4 cells induces the AP-1 transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "VLA-5 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "AP-1 transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 97]}, {"entity": "CD4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibronectin synergized with anti-CD3 antibody to promote CD4 cell proliferation in a serum-free culture system whereas no proliferation was observed when CD4 cells were cultured with anti-CD3 alone or fibronectin alone.", "entity": [{"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 212]}, {"entity": "anti-CD3 antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "anti-CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "CD4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, anti-CD29 ( integrin beta 1 ) as well as anti-VLA-5 ( human fibronectin receptor ) antibodies blocked this CD4 cell activation in this system.", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD29", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "anti-VLA-5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "CD4 cell", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "integrin beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "human fibronectin receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although anti-CD3 alone or fibronectin alone cannot induce IL-2 message by CD4 cells , the combination of anti-CD3 plus fibronectin induced IL-2 message by CD4 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "anti-CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "CD4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "CD4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an analysis of the molecular mechanism by which IL-2 message was generated, we showed that a fibronectin -VLA-5 fibronectin receptor interaction may contribute an independent signal distinct from the CD3 pathway of activation by the induction of an AP-1 transcriptional factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibronectin receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 135]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "AP-1 transcriptional factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [252, 279]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus the VLA-5 fibronectin receptor on CD4 cells can play a complementary role in CD3 - TCR -mediated signal transduction through its interaction with fibronectin .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "VLA-5 fibronectin receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 35]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "CD4 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid receptors on mononuclear leukocytes in Alzheimer's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [28, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence suggest disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) system in Alzheimer's disease ( AD ).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an exploration of the potential role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in AD , GR density and affinity were assessed on mononuclear leukocytes of 12 AD patients and 12 healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [125, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GR binding characteristics did not differ between patients and controls or between patients subdivided according to diagnosis or associated clinical features.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the abnormalities of the HPA system in AD are not related to a GR deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oncogene amplification correlates with dense lymphocyte infiltration in human breast cancers : a role for hematopoietic growth factor release by tumor cells ?", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic growth factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred six primary breast cancer samples were analysed for c-erbB2 , int-2 , and c-myc gene amplification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgically confirmed nodal involvement was observed in 42%.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Level of gene amplification was studied by Southern and/or slot blot techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amplified c-erbB2 gene sequences were present in 21.5% of all samples.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-erbB2 gene sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Int-2 was amplified in 13.1% and c-myc was amplified in 10.3%.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Int-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) a strong negative association was found between high levels of c-erbB2 amplification and absence of estrogen receptor (ER) (P = .0009) or progesterone receptor ( PR ) (P = .011) expression.", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 201]}, {"entity": "PR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 206]}, {"entity": "c-erbB2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No correlations were found between all or high levels of amplification of each oncogene separately or combined with T, N, grade, multifocality of tumor , or associated carcinoma in situ.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a trend approaching statistical significance for patients with c-erbB2 amplifications to have positive lymph nodes at surgery (P = 0.09).", "entity": [{"entity": "c-erbB2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A somewhat surprising finding however was a very strong association between oncogene amplification and dense lymphocyte infiltration of the tumor (P = .05). This correlation is even stronger when only high levels of amplification are considered, either for each oncogene separately (P = .0048) or in combination (P = .0007).", "entity": [{"entity": "oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that malignant cell cytokine production may help explain this observation.", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of signals required for activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B in cells constitutively expressing the HTLV-I Tax protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 81]}, {"entity": "HTLV-I Tax protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 139]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient short-term expression of the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I ( HTLV-I ) leads to activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "Tax protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "transcription factor NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with findings obtained with transient expression assays , we observed marked accumulation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B in the nucleus of Namalwa B lymphoid cells , which constitutively express Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Namalwa B lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [158, 182]}, {"entity": "transcription factor NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 139]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 217]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, NF-kappa B activity was not detected in the nucleus following long-term expression of Tax in Jurkat T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [106, 126]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of both mitogens and cytokines to activate NF-kappa B was also blocked in Jurkat cells constitutively expressing Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, the activation of other mitogen-inducible transcription factors , such as Fos and Jun , was unaffected.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "mitogen-inducible transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, depending on the cellular environment , the short- and long-term effects of Tax expression can be quite different.", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently, one function of Tax in cells infected with HTLV-I might involve cell-type-specific suppression , as opposed to activation, of distinct signal pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cells lines described here should be useful for the delineation of signaling pathways utilized in the selective regulation of gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon-gamma and the sexual dimorphism of autoimmunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interferon-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sexual difference in the incidence of autoimmune diseases has remained an enigma for many years.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the examination of the induction of autoimmunity in transgenic mice , evidence has been obtained further implicating the lymphokine interferon-gamma in the etiology of autoimmunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "lymphokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex steroid regulation of the production of this molecule, as well as other cytokines , may help explain the gender-specific differences in the immune system , including autoimmunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning of a transcriptionally active human TATA binding factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptionally active human TATA binding factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 63]}, {"entity": "human TATA binding factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factor IID ( TFIID ) binds to the TATA box promoter element and regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 160]}, {"entity": "eukaryotic genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Transcription factor IID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "TATA box promoter element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "TFIID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complementary DNA ( cDNA ) encoding a human TFIID protein has been cloned.", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Complementary DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "human TFIID protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human TFIID polypeptide has 339 amino acids and a molecular size of 37,745 daltons .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "human TFIID polypeptide", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxyl-terminal 181 amino acids of the human TFIID protein shares 80% identity with the TFIID protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "human TFIID protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "TFIID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "carboxyl-terminal 181 amino acids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 37]}, {"entity": "TFIID", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino terminus contains an unusual repeat of 38 consecutive glutamine residues and an X-Thr-Pro repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "X-Thr-Pro repeat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of DNA in reticulocyte lysates or in Escherichia coli yielded a protein that was competent for both DNA binding and transcription activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 110]}, {"entity": "T-cell trans-activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester-inducible element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) gene promoter is recognized by several cell-type-specific and ubiquitous transcriptional regulators that integrate information transmitted by various signaling systems leading to IL-2 production and T-cell activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) gene promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 40]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [206, 210]}, {"entity": "T-cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [226, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a combination of transfection , protein-DNA binding, and in vitro transcription methods , we have discovered the novel T-cell-specific transcriptional activator TCF-1 (for T-Cell Factor-1 ), which recognizes a T-cell-specific response element ( TCE ) located within the IL-2 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "T-Cell Factor-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 193]}, {"entity": "novel T-cell-specific transcriptional activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 166]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [276, 289]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [216, 248]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [276, 280]}, {"entity": "TCE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [251, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the TCE is similar in sequence to a consensus NF kappa B site , several criteria indicate that TCF-1 is distinct from NF kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "consensus NF kappa B site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 70]}, {"entity": "TCE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, like NF kappa B , TCF-1 activity is induced by phorbol esters and other T-cell activators .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors for breast recurrence in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with ductal cancers treated by conservation therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors for local failure were evaluated for 496 clinical Stage I-II patients with infiltrating ductal carcinomas (median follow-up, 71 months) treated by conservative surgery and radiotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monofactorial analysis identified the following factors to be correlated with increased risk: moderate/marked mononuclear cell reaction ( MCR ), high histologic grade (G), extensive intraductal component ( EIC ), tumor necrosis , macroscopic multiplicity , estrogen receptor negativity , anatomic tumor size , age younger than 40 years, and vascular invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [257, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only MCR , G , and EIC proved significant in Cox multivariate analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These risk factors were highly age dependent, with EIC markedly more prevalent in women younger than 50, MCR and G in women younger than 40.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separate Cox analysis for premenopausal patients showed that MCR /EIC determined risk independent of resection margins: tumors with MCR had a 28%, and with EIC a 22% probability of recurring locally by 5 years.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Premenopausal patients with neither risk factor had a very low failure rate (2.6% at 5 years), regardless of age.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For postmenopausal patients risk of breast recurrence was determined both by adequacy of resection margins and grade, with a high local failure rate for patients having G3 tumors with positive or indeterminate margins (31% at 5 years).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors conclude that the microscopic examination is the only useful tool for assessing the risk of local failure, which is quite low for the majority of patients treated with breast conservation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High-risk patients can be recognized morphologically.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The age dependence of morphologic risk factors appears to explain the high local failure rate seen in patients younger than 40.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tax -independent binding of multiple cellular factors to Tax -response element DNA of HTLV-I .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Tax -response element DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 82]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human T-cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) promoter contains three copies of imperfect repeats of a 21-base pair sequence designated here as TRE ( Tax -response element ) that is responsive to the virally encoded transactivator protein Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "virally encoded transactivator protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 242]}, {"entity": "Tax -response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [154, 175]}, {"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "human T-cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 58]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [243, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified and separated four nuclear proteins from C81-66-45 cells, an HTLV-I immortalized Tax -expressing human T-lymphocyte line (Salahuddin et al., 1983), that interact with the TRE -DNA , none of which are identical with the Tax -protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "Tax -protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [238, 250]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "TRE -DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "HTLV-I immortalized Tax -expressing human T-lymphocyte line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [80, 139]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [238, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proteins identified have molecular weights of about 32, 36 to 42, 50 and 110 kD.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four different methods were used to identify the proteins.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First, from different cell lines three or all four of the nuclear proteins were specifically cross-linked by UV irradiation to the radioactively labeled TRE -DNA fragment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRE -DNA fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 170]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second, TRE -DNA binding proteins sedimented through a glycerol density gradient at rates corresponding to proteins of native molecular weights of 35 to 50 kD and 110 kD.", "entity": [{"entity": "TRE -DNA binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 33]}, {"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third, only the 50 kD protein was retained on a biotinylated DNA-streptavidin matrix when the DNA fragment contained the TRE -DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "50 kD protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "TRE -DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourth, extensive purification by several cycles of TRE -DNA affinity chromatography resulted in the 32 , 36 to 42 and 110 kD proteins and to less extent the 50 kD factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 kD factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two abundant proteins of 75 and 80 kD were competed out by poly[d(I-C)] in all reactions.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cAMP-response element CRE , TGACGTCA , present in the 21 base-pair sequence , appears to be essential for specific protein- TRE -DNA interactions because mutation of the two G 's destroys this complex.", "entity": [{"entity": "21 base-pair sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "CRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "cAMP-response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result suggests that the cAMP response element binding protein , CREB , is involved in the protein- TRE -DNA complex and in mediating the Tax response .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRE", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "protein- TRE -DNA complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "cAMP response element binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 67]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct transcription factors that bind the immunoglobulin enhancer microE5/kappa 2 motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "microE5/kappa 2 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 34]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity of the immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain gene enhancers depends on a complex interplay of ubiquitous and developmentally regulated proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitous and developmentally regulated proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 157]}, {"entity": "ubiquitous", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "developmentally regulated proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two complementary DNAs were isolated that encode proteins, denoted ITF-1 and ITF-2 , that are expressed in a variety of cell types and bind the microE5/kappa 2 motif found in both heavy and kappa light chain enhancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "microE5/kappa 2 motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 165]}, {"entity": "ITF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "complementary DNAs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "ITF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complementary DNAs are the products of distinct genes, yet both ITF-1 and ITF-2 are structurally and functionally similar.", "entity": [{"entity": "complementary DNAs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "ITF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "ITF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two proteins interact with one another through their putative helix-loop-helix motifs and each possesses a distinct domain that dictates transcription activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "helix-loop-helix motifs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated glucocorticoid receptor concentrations before and after glucocorticoid therapy in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes of patients with atopic dermatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "peripheral mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number and affinity of glucocorticoid binding sites in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes of patients with atopic dermatitis ( AD ) and healthy controls were determined under baseline conditions and after a defined oral glucocorticoid treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [59, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with AD (n = 15) exhibited significantly more glucocorticoid receptors ( GR ) per cell than the control group (n = 22), while the GR affinity did not differ.", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 79]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylprednisolone treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the GR sites per cell in the steroid-treated control group (n = 10) in contrast to the patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissociation constant was not affected by methylprednisolone treatment in either group.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of the therapeutic efficiency of glucocorticoids in AD and findings of abnormal cAMP and cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity , the elevated GR concentrations in AD lend support to the hypothesis of a compensatory GR upregulation due to an insufficient action of endogenous cortisol or to altered cAMP -induced GR expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [217, 219]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [314, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclosporin A and FK506 are immunosuppressive compounds that have similar inhibitory effects on the expression of several lymphokines produced by T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "lymphokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite their similar effects the drugs bind to two different cytosolic protein , cyclophilin and FKBP respectively, which raises the possibility that they have different modes of action.", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophilin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "FKBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "cytosolic protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using constructs in which mRNA production controlled by a specific transcription factor could be readily measured we found that both cyclosporin A and FK506 completely inhibited transcription activated by NF-AT , NFIL2 A , NFIL2 B and partially inhibited transcription activated by NF kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFIL2 B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "NFIL2 A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [213, 220]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [282, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibited only transcriptional activation that was dependent on Ca2+ mobilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, cyclosporin A and FK506 did not inhibit Ca2+ mobilization dependent expression of c-fos mRNA indicating that only a subset of signalling pathways regulated by Ca2+ is sensitive to these drugs.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-fos mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we did not observe any qualitative differences between the effect of cyclosporin A and FK506 on six different transcription factors which suggests that these drugs may interfere with the activity of a novel Ca2+ dependent step that regulates several transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 144]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [263, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The internal methionine codons of human T-cell leukemia virus type II rex gene are not required for p24rex production or virus replication and transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T-cell leukemia virus type II rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 78]}, {"entity": "p24rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human T-cell leukemia virus types I ( HTLV-I ) and II ( HTLV-II ) have two nonstructural trans-acting regulatory genes , tax and rex , located in the 3' region of the viral genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "rex", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "3' region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "viral genome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "nonstructural trans-acting regulatory genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tax gene product ( HTLV-I p40tax and HTLV-II p37tax ) is the transcriptional activator of the viral long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTLV-I p40tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "viral long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 124]}, {"entity": "p40tax", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "HTLV-II p37tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "p37tax", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "tax gene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rex gene encodes two protein products, p27rex /p21rex and p26rex /p24rex in HTLV-I and HTLV-II , respectively.", "entity": [{"entity": "p26rex /p24rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "p26rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "p27rex /p21rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "/p21rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "p27rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "/p24rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rex acts posttranscriptionally to facilitate accumulation of full-length gag/pol and singly spliced env mRNA in the cytoplasm of HTLV-infected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HTLV-infected cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [129, 148]}, {"entity": "gag/pol", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "env mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies showed that the first ATG of the rex gene is critical for Rex production and function.", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "rex", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of the internal ATGs to Rex function is not known.", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, in vitro mutagenesis of the HTLV-I rex gene has provided indirect evidence which suggests that p21rex , and by analogy HTLV-II p24rex , results from initiation at an internal AUG of the tax /rex mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "p24rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [195, 198]}, {"entity": "rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "tax /rex mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [195, 208]}, {"entity": "rex", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "/rex", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "p21rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using an infectious molecular clone of HTLV-II , we investigated the importance of the internal ATGs of the rex gene on Rex protein production and function.", "entity": [{"entity": "rex", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that p24rex of HTLV-II is not initiated at an internal AUG and that the internal methionine codons are not crucial to the function of the rex gene and, ultimately, the transforming properties of the virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "p24rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "rex gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astrocytes and glioblastoma cells express novel octamer-DNA binding proteins distinct from the ubiquitous Oct-1 and B cell type Oct-2 proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "B cell type Oct-2 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 142]}, {"entity": "ubiquitous Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Astrocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "glioblastoma cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "octamer-DNA binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 76]}, {"entity": "ubiquitous Oct-1 and B cell type Oct-2 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 'octamer' sequence , ATGCAAAT or its complement ATTTGCAT , is a key element for the transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin genes in B-lymphocytes as well as a number of housekeeping genes in all cell types.", "entity": [{"entity": "'octamer' sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [118, 138]}, {"entity": "B-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "housekeeping genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lymphocytes , the octamer-binding protein Oct-2A and variants thereof are thought to contribute to the B-cell specific gene expression , while the ubiquitous protein Oct-1 seems to control general octamer site -dependent transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "B-cell specific gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [106, 126]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "octamer-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 44]}, {"entity": "octamer site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [200, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various other genes, for example interleukin-1 and MHC class II genes , contain an octamer sequence in the promoter and are expressed in cells of both the immune and nervous systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "octamer sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This prompted us to analyze the octamer-binding proteins in the latter cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "octamer-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay , at least six novel octamer binding proteins were detected in nuclear extracts of cultured mouse astrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultured mouse astrocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [130, 155]}, {"entity": "octamer binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These proteins are differentially expressed in human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nervous system-derived (N-Oct) proteins bound to the octamer DNA sequence in a manner which is indistinguishable from the Oct-1 and Oct-2A proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "nervous system-derived (N-Oct) proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 43]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "octamer DNA sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship of the N-Oct proteins to Oct-1 and Oct-2A was analyzed by proteolytic clipping bandshift assays and by their reactivity towards antisera raised against recombinant Oct-1 and Oct-2A proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "N-Oct proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [181, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these assays, all N-Oct-factors were found to be distinct from the ubiquitous Oct-1 and the lymphoid-specific Oct-2A proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitous Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Oct-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 132]}, {"entity": "N-Oct-factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In melanoma cells that contain the N-Oct-3 factor , a transfected lymphocyte-specific promoter was neither activated nor was it repressed upon contransfection with an Oct-2A expression vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2A expression vector", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [167, 191]}, {"entity": "Oct-2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "N-Oct-3 factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "melanoma cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore speculate that N-Oct-3 and other N-Oct factors have a specific role in gene expression in cells of the nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-Oct factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "N-Oct-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection in non-erythroid cells of a factor with the binding characteristics of the erythroid cell transcription factor EF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythroid cell transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 120]}, {"entity": "non-erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "EF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The erythroid transcription factor erythroid factor-1 ( EF1 ) plays a critical role in the transcription of erythroid-specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythroid transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "EF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "erythroid-specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 132]}, {"entity": "erythroid factor-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the presence of a factor with the mobility and sequence-specific DNA-binding characteristics of EF1 at low abundance in a wide variety of non-erythroid cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "EF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "non-erythroid cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [153, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report of an EF1 -like activity in non-erythroid cells and indicates that this factor may play a role in the regulation of genes expressed in such cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "non-erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "EF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 blocks accumulation of unspliced mRNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ).", "entity": [{"entity": "unspliced mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rex , the post-transcriptional regulator of human T-cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ), is known to induce accumulation of the unspliced viral gag-pol mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-transcriptional regulator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 40]}, {"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "unspliced viral gag-pol mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [130, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rex is a phosphoprotein found in the cell nucleolus , whose function may be regulated by its localization and phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "phosphoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined the role of phosphorylation on Rex function by using a protein kinase inhibitor , H-7 [ 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine ].", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of an HTLV-I infected human T-cell line with H-7 blocked specifically accumulation of the unspliced gag-pol mRNA , resulting in the decreased Gag protein synthesis that corresponds with the decreased in vivo phosphorylation of Rex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gag protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [237, 240]}, {"entity": "HTLV-I infected human T-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [16, 49]}, {"entity": "unspliced gag-pol mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [100, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, other viral and cellular products have not been influenced by the level of H-7 used.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore, the phosphorylation of Rex is required for the viral RNA partition of HTLV-I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased glucocorticoid responsiveness of CD4+ T-cell clonal lines grown in serum-free media .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4+ T-cell clonal lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [43, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CEM-C7 , a human leukemic CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell line and three of its subclones, CEM-4R4 , CEM-3R43 , and ICR-27 , previously cultured in a medium supplemented with 5 to 10% fetal bovine serum , have been adapted to serum-free media .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICR-27", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "CEM-3R43", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "CEM-4R4", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "human leukemic CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [11, 53]}, {"entity": "CEM-C7", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best medium of those tested was RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5 micrograms/ml each transferrin and insulin + 5 ng/ml sodium selenite +/- 0.1% bovine serum albumin .", "entity": [{"entity": "transferrin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "bovine serum albumin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While growing either with or without albumin, the several clonal lines of CEM cells displayed growth similar to serum-supplemented cultures.", "entity": [{"entity": "clonal lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "CEM", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell proliferation of CEM-C7 cells cultured in both serum-free media has been sustained for 3 mo.", "entity": [{"entity": "CEM-C7", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with culture doubling times of about 25 h for both serum-supplemented and serum-free cultures (viability greater than or equal to 90%).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell morphology remained essentially the same in serum-free or serum containing media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of CD4 , a marker for T-derived lymphoid cells , was not significantly different in serum-free medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "T-derived lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [37, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When grown in serum-free medium, CEM-C7 cells exhibited increased steroid responsiveness as evidenced by increased glucocorticoid receptor binding sites , increased induction of glutamine synthetase , and cell lysis at lower concentrations of steroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine synthetase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 198]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 138]}, {"entity": "CEM-C7", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receptor mutant subclones of CEM-C7 , which are proven to be completely unresponsive to micromolar concentrations of dexamethasone when grown in serum-supplemented medium , become partially sensitive to the hormone after growth in defined medium.", "entity": [{"entity": "CEM-C7", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased sensitivity of CEM-C7 cells and its subclones to dexamethasone in serum-free medium returned to previous levels when these cells were recultured in serum-containing medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "CEM-C7", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "CEM-C7 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that substances in serum influence steroid effects on these cells and that the molecular details of glucocorticoid hormone action may be pursued more precisely in a clearly defined culture medium.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Glucocorticoid receptors on human peripheral mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes : changes in patients with yang-deficiency ]", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that, in former works, the glucocorticoid receptors ( GCR ) on peripheral mixed leucocytes in patients with Yang-deficiency were decreased.", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "peripheral mixed leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [76, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work, the mixed leucocytes were further separated into mononuclear (MNL) and polymorphonuclear (PML) leucocytes , and GCR were determined in each part of leucocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "mixed leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GCR on MNL and PML in 6 Yang deficient patients were 3473 +/- 413 and 4433 +/- 651 sites/cell respectively, statistically significant from the normal control group (4462 +/- 962 and 5622 +/- 782 sites/cell respectively, P less than 0.05).", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "MNL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GCR on MNL , PML and mixed leucocytes in 5 patients were determined simultaneously, and all lowered from the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "mixed leucocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "MNL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were 3369 +/- 370, 4986 +/- 419 and 4524 +/- 852 sites/cell respectively, with the lowest GCR on MNL and highest on PML .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "MNL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein (s) is sufficient for transcription of immunoglobulin genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitous octamer-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved octanucleotide promoter element , ATGCAAAT , which has been shown to be required for their normal B-cell-specific transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "octanucleotide promoter element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins that bind this octamer have been purified, and cDNAs encoding octamer-binding proteins have been cloned.", "entity": [{"entity": "octamer-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 95]}, {"entity": "cDNAs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these proteins (referred to as OTF-2 ) are lymphoid specific, whereas at least one other, and possibly more (referred to as OTF-1 ), is found ubiquitously in all cell types.", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact role of these different proteins in directing the tissue-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes is unclear.", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified two human pre-B-cell lines that contain extremely low levels of OTF-2 yet still express high levels of steady-state immunoglobulin heavy-chain mRNA in vivo and efficiently transcribe an immunoglobulin gene in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [205, 224]}, {"entity": "steady-state immunoglobulin heavy-chain mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [122, 166]}, {"entity": "human pre-B-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [23, 45]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of a highly enriched preparation of OTF-1 made from one of these pre-B cells or from HeLa cells specifically stimulated in vitro transcription of an immunoglobulin gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "pre-B cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, OFT-1 appeared to have approximately the same transactivation ability as OTF-2 when normalized for binding activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that OTF-1 , without OTF-2 , is sufficient for transcription of immunoglobulin genes and that OTF-2 alone is not responsible for the B-cell-specific regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 106]}, {"entity": "OTF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "OTF-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of aldosterone on intralymphocytic sodium and potassium in patients with essential hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro binding of aldosterone to mineralocorticoid receptors on human mononuclear leukocytes ( HML ) and its effects on the intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations of HML have already been described.", "entity": [{"entity": "HML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "HML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present paper this easily accessible human cell model was investigated in 13 patients with essential hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In only four patients sodium in HML without incubation was elevated compared with the range for normal persons .", "entity": [{"entity": "HML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decrease of intracellular sodium or potassium occurred during incubation without aldosterone (P less than 0.02).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of 1.4 nM aldosterone did not prevent this loss of electrolytes as observed in normal persons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma renin activity and aldosterone were not correlated with the electrolyte response and were within the normal limits.", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma renin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of mineralocorticoid receptors /cell were within or close to the normal range (n = 9).", "entity": [{"entity": "mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The independence of intracellular electrolytes from aldosterone despite a normal number of mineralocorticoid receptors may reflect an impairment of the mineralocorticoid effector mechanism in the HML of patients with essential hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "mineralocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 118]}, {"entity": "HML", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[Differential diagnostic value of receptors of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( calcitriol ) determination in lymphocytes of children with rickets and rickets -like diseases ]", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors provide the results of studying 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( calcitriol ) in lymphocytes of children with rickets and rickets -like diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is proposed that the character of their expression under the influence of vitamin D may be used with differential diagnostic purposes in view.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of gene expression with double-stranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alteration of gene transcription by inhibition of specific transcriptional regulatory proteins is necessary for determining how these factors participate in cellular differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional regulatory proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functions of these proteins can be antagonized by several methods, each with specific limitations.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins was achieved with double-stranded (ds) phosphorothioate oligonucleotides that contained octamer or kappa B consensus sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphorothioate oligonucleotides specifically bound either octamer transcription factor or nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 123]}, {"entity": "octamer transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified oligonucleotides accumulated in cells more effectively than standard ds oligonucleotides and modulated gene expression in a specific manner.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octamer-dependent activation of a reporter plasmid or NF-kappa B -dependent activation of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) enhancer was inhibited when the appropriate phosphorothioate oligonucleotide was added to a transiently transfected B cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 139]}, {"entity": "transiently transfected B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [223, 258]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "reporter plasmid", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides that contained the octamer consensus to Jurkat T leukemia cells inhibited interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) secretion to a degree similar to that observed with a mutated octamer site in the IL-2 enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "IL-2 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [225, 238]}, {"entity": "octamer consensus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T leukemia cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "mutated octamer site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [197, 217]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ds phosphorothioate oligonucleotides probably compete for binding of specific transcription factors and may provide anti-viral , immunosuppressive , or other therapeutic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[Effect of the regimen of kidney-tonifying and qi-invigorating on aging changes of glucocorticoid receptor ]", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasma cortisol concentration and the sites of glucocorticoid receptor ( GCR ) in the peripheral lymphocytes were measured in 32 healthy aged persons and 13 young adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "peripheral lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animal experiment , GCR of spleen lymphocytic cell was also measured in 18 aged rats and 9 young rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "spleen lymphocytic cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that GCR was significantly lower in the aged persons or rats than that in the young while the plasma cortisol level didn't change with aging.", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we think that GCR is more sensitive than the plasma cortisol level to reflect the aging change of the adrenal cortex function .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the treatment with the regimen of Kidney-tonifying and Qi-invigorating , the GCR of the aged persons and rats was enhanced, and in this way, the function of the aged adrenal cortex was improved.", "entity": [{"entity": "GCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon affects nuclear proteins in cells of clinically sensitive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytoplasmic protein extracts from chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) cells contained an activity that altered the electrophoretic mobility of complexes formed between nuclear proteins and the transcriptional enhancers of interferon (IFN)-inducible genes.", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [34, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of CML cells to IFN-alpha diminished the effect of the CML cytoplasmic proteins on these nuclear protein-DNA complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "CML cytoplasmic proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 88]}, {"entity": "nuclear protein-DNA complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of clinical responsiveness to IFN-alpha correlated with the sensitivity to the IFN -induced change in the electrophoretic mobility of nuclear protein-DNA complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "nuclear protein-DNA complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the action of IFN-alpha in CML may be linked to a pathway that can result in posttranslational modification of nuclear proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "nuclear proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 transactivates latent membrane protein LMP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "latent membrane protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 75]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence are compatible with the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) nuclear antigen 2 ( EBNA-2 ) or leader protein ( EBNA-LP ) affects expression of the EBV latent infection membrane protein LMP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) nuclear antigen 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 110]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "leader protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "EBNA-LP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "EBV latent infection membrane protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 215]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now demonstrate the following.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(i) Acute transfection and expression of EBNA-2 under control of simian virus 40 or Moloney murine leukemia virus promoters resulted in increased LMP1 expression in P3HR-1-infected Burkitt's lymphoma cells and the P3HR-1 or Daudi cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "P3HR-1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "P3HR-1-infected Burkitt's lymphoma cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [165, 205]}, {"entity": "Daudi cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [224, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(ii) Transfection and expression of EBNA-LP alone had no effect on LMP1 expression and did not act synergistically with EBNA-2 to affect LMP1 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBNA-LP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(iii) LMP1 expression in Daudi and P3HR-1-infected cells was controlled at the mRNA level , and EBNA-2 expression in Daudi cells increased LMP1 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "Daudi", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "P3HR-1-infected cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "Daudi cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(iv) No other EBV genes were required for EBNA-2 transactivation of LMP1 since cotransfection of recombinant EBNA-2 expression vectors and genomic LMP1 DNA fragments enhanced LMP1 expression in the EBV-negative B-lymphoma cell lines BJAB , Louckes , and BL30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "BJAB", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [233, 237]}, {"entity": "EBV genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Louckes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [240, 247]}, {"entity": "recombinant EBNA-2 expression vectors", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 134]}, {"entity": "EBV-negative B-lymphoma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [198, 232]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [175, 179]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "BL30", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [254, 258]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "LMP1 DNA fragments", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(v) An EBNA-2 -responsive element was found within the -512 to +40 LMP1 DNA since this DNA linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was transactivated by cotransfection with an EBNA-2 expression vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 202]}, {"entity": "LMP1 DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 136]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2 expression vector", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [196, 220]}, {"entity": "-512 to +40 LMP1 DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2 -responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [7, 33]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [103, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(vi) The EBV type 2 EBNA-2 transactivated LMP1 as well as the EBV type 1 EBNA-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "EBV type 1 EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(vii) Two deletions within the EBNA-2 gene which rendered EBV transformation incompetent did not transactivate LMP1 , whereas a transformation-competent EBNA-2 deletion mutant did transactivate LMP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "transformation-competent EBNA-2 deletion mutant", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 175]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LMP1 is a potent effector of B-lymphocyte activation and can act synergistically with EBNA-2 to induce cellular CD23 gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, EBNA-2 transactivation of LMP1 amplifies the biological impact of EBNA-2 and underscores its central role in EBV-induced growth transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "EBNA-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of c-fos , c-jun , and c-myc genes is regulated by heat shock in human lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "human lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [80, 100]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "c-myc genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of heat shock on the expression of the nuclear protooncogenes c-fos , c-jun , and c-myc was studied in human lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "nuclear protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 72]}, {"entity": "human lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 134]}, {"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heat shock caused an increase in c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels and a decrease in c-myc mRNA levels in pre-B (Hyon) and T (DND-41) cell lines as well as in freshly isolated normal human thymocytes.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "c-myc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in the mRNA levels of these protooncogenes in Hyon cells were most pronounced at 42 and 43 degrees C; kinetic analysis demonstrated that the changes could be detected within 30 min of heat shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Hyon cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered transcription of c-fos and c-myc genes was the primary effect of heat shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "c-myc genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondarily, heat shock of Hyon cells stabilized the c-myc mRNA level by increasing its half-life from 24 to 45 min.", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyon cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "c-myc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall effect of heat shock on c-myc mRNA level , however, was a marked inhibition of its transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-myc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that the transcription of nuclear protooncogenes is regulated by heat shock indicating a role for nuclear protooncogenes in the stress response of lymphoid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "nuclear protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 74]}, {"entity": "nuclear protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "protooncogenes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping of B-cell epitopes of the human hepatitis B virus X protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "human hepatitis B virus X protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 67]}, {"entity": "B-cell epitopes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immune response to the X protein of human hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) was studied by epitope mapping by using a set of MS2-HBx fusion proteins and synthetic peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "MS2-HBx fusion proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 144]}, {"entity": "X protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies in sera of patients with acute and chronic HBV infection showed a multispecific immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each serum contained antibodies to a different set of epitopes , which taken together cover most of the HBx sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBx sequence", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "epitopes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the epitopes were detectable only by immunoblotting with fusion proteins ; others were detectable only by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) with synthetic peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "fusion proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxy-terminal half of the HBx protein was preferentially recognized by antibodies from patients with chronic hepatitis and contained a short immunodominant antigenic region with at least two major nonoverlapping epitopes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxy-terminal half", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "HBx protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "immunodominant antigenic region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 179]}, {"entity": "nonoverlapping epitopes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 227]}, {"entity": "antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "HBx", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti- HBx antibody titers as revealed by peptide ELISAs were highest and most frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis and usually low in acutely infected patients and asymptomatic carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBx", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data demonstrate a remarkable qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of the humoral HBx immune response which can be monitored by HBx -specific peptide ELISAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBx", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "HBx", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such tests may become useful diagnostic tools .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[The inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on the chemotactic migration of human leukocytes ]", "entity": [{"entity": "human leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Random migration ( RM ) and chemotactic migration ( ChtM ) of human leukocytes to yeast activated serum were studied with the modified Boyden chamber method .", "entity": [{"entity": "human leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both RM and ChtM showed circadian rhythm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leukocytes migrated most rapidly at night.", "entity": [{"entity": "Leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference between the peak (0:00) and trough values (8:00) of RM and ChtM was significant statistically (P less than 0.01).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ChtM was inhibited by hydrocortisone (F) of physiological concentration (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/L) which was dose-dependent and completely antagonized by the competitive antagonist , RU38486 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect was much more evident with higher dose (more than 10(-5) mol/L) and it was also reversed by RU38486 , but only partially.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that glucocorticoids ( GC ) may be a physiological regulator of the activity of leukocytes and its inhibitory action on ChtM may be involved in antiinflammatory mechanisms of GC of pharmacological doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The action of physiological and pharmacological concentration of GC may be mediated by low affinity specific binding sites of glucocorticoid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "low affinity specific binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 122]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterogeneity of antigen molecules recognized by anti-tax1 monoclonal antibody Lt-4 in cell lines bearing human T cell leukemia virus type I and related retroviruses .", "entity": [{"entity": "antigen molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "anti-tax1 monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 78]}, {"entity": "Lt-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a monoclonal antibody , Lt-4 , directed against human T cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) trans-activator ( tax1 ) antigen , we examined the expression of tax1 and related antigens in a variety of T cell lines bearing HTLV-I and related retroviruses , simian T cell leukemia virus type I ( STLV-I ) and HTLV-II , by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) trans-activator ( tax1 ) antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 132]}, {"entity": "antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 27]}, {"entity": "Lt-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "human T cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) trans-activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 115]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [207, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lt-4 reacted with all HTLV-I -bearing cell lines tested and five out of eight simian cell lines bearing STLV-I , but not with an HTLV-II -bearing cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTLV-II -bearing cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "Lt-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "simian cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "HTLV-I -bearing cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [22, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lt-4 detected 40 kd tax1 antigen molecules in most HTLV-I -bearing cell lines except one cell line that expressed 39 kd tax1 antigen .", "entity": [{"entity": "39 kd tax1 antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 132]}, {"entity": "Lt-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "HTLV-I -bearing cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [51, 77]}, {"entity": "tax1 antigen molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the STLV-I -bearing T cell lines , tax1 -related antigen molecules detected by Lt-4 were heterogeneous, having molecular weights in the range of 36-41 kd.", "entity": [{"entity": "STLV-I -bearing T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [7, 35]}, {"entity": "tax1 -related antigen molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 69]}, {"entity": "Lt-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "tax1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer -binding proteins from the human T-cell line Jurkat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer -binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 86]}, {"entity": "human T-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) is under the control of cellular proteins that bind to the viral long terminal repeat ( LTR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "viral long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [130, 156]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the protein-binding regions of the HIV-1 LTR is the transcription-enhancer region .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "transcription-enhancer region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that at least one inducible , C1 , and one constitutive, C2 , protein can bind to the HIV enhancer in Jurkat cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "inducible", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "C1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "HIV enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "C2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "constitutive, C2 , protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two proteins differ in their surface charge , since they are separable by anion-exchange chromatography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bivalent cations such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ differentially affect their binding to oligonucleotides which contain the HIV-enhancer domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-enhancer domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both C1 and C2 proteins also bind to a similar sequence found in the interleukin-2 -receptor alpha-subunit enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "C1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 -receptor alpha-subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 106]}, {"entity": "C2 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 -receptor alpha-subunit enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [69, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inducible C1 protein was partially purified by three chromatographic steps and characterized by u.v. cross-linking as a 47 kDa protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "C1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "inducible C1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "47 kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differences in transcriptional enhancers of HIV-1 and HIV-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response to T cell activation signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T cell activation results in high levels of HIV replication and is thought to be one mechanism leading to the conversion from latent to active viral infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HIV-1 , the sequences that respond to these signaling events are found in the long terminal repeat ( LTR ) and comprise the transcriptional enhancer , which contains two conserved binding sites for the nuclear factor kappa B ( NF kappa B ).", "entity": [{"entity": "conserved binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [173, 196]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 227]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [81, 101]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [230, 240]}, {"entity": "transcriptional enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [127, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding region in the second AIDS retrovirus , HIV-2 , contains a conserved and a divergent NF kappa B binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the HIV-1 LTR responds better than the HIV-2 LTR to T cell activation signals.", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-2 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These qualitative differences in the response to T cell activation are reproduced not only when HIV-1 or HIV-2 enhancers are placed upstream of a heterologous promoter but also when these enhancers are switched between their respective LTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [236, 239]}, {"entity": "heterologous promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 167]}, {"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, NF kappa B binds to both conserved sites in the HIV-1 transcriptional enhancer and only to the single conserved site in the HIV-2 transcriptional enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-2 transcriptional enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [166, 196]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 transcriptional enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead of NF kappa B , the activator protein 3 binds to the divergent site in HIV-2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "activator protein 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion, HIV-1 and HIV-2 are differentially regulated by T cell activation signals, and this difference may account for the longer period of viral latency observed with HIV-2 than with HIV-1 infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-X2 that binds to the DRA X2-box is activator protein 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRA X2-box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "activator protein 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "NF-X2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression cloning of c-Jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human class II MHC Ag are a family of cell surface glycoproteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell surface glycoproteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 64]}, {"entity": "Human class II MHC Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their constitutive expression is limited to B lymphocytes and thymic epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "thymic epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [62, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many other cells their expression can be induced by IFN-gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conserved upstream promoter sequences regulate this tissue-specific expression of class II genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "class II genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the DRA promoter , one of these cis-acting regulatory motifs is the X2-box to which nuclear factor X2 ( NF-X2 ) binds.", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor X2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "DRA promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "cis-acting regulatory motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 63]}, {"entity": "NF-X2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "X2-box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, we present the isolation and characterization of the full-length cDNA clone encoding NF-X2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "full-length cDNA clone", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 81]}, {"entity": "NF-X2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cDNA clone was isolated by expression cDNA cloning , and encodes the human c-Jun protein , which together with c-Fos forms the heterodimeric activator protein-1 transcription complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "heterodimeric activator protein-1 transcription complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 187]}, {"entity": "c-Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "human c-Jun protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "cDNA clone", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas c-Fos /c-Jun heterodimers do not exist in B cells , they form and bind to the X2-box in class II nonexpressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Fos /c-Jun heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 33]}, {"entity": "X2-box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "class II nonexpressing cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 124]}, {"entity": "c-Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "/c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, c-Fos /c-Jun heterodimers might contribute to the repression of DRA gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "c-Fos /c-Jun heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "DRA gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "/c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of 4,19-disubstituted derivatives of DOC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioreceptor assay of some corticosteroid derivatives in human mononuclear leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [58, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several new 4,19-substituted steroids and previously synthesized corticosteroids were assayed for affinity to type 1 receptors in human mononuclear leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [130, 158]}, {"entity": "type 1 receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11 beta,19-epoxy-4,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (2) was hydrogenated with Pd-C to yield a mixture of all four dihydro derivatives 5, accompanied by 4,21-diacetoxy-11 beta,19-epoxy-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (6) and 21-acetoxy-11 beta,19-epoxy-4-hydroxypregnane-3,20-dione (7).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With hot acetic + p-toluenesulfonic acid 5 underwent rearrangement to 21-acetoxy-11 beta,19-epoxypregn-5-ene-4,20-dione (8) Pd-C hydrogenation of 3,21-diacetoxy-5 beta,19-cyclopregna-2,9(11)-diene-4,20-dione (10) gave 3,21-diacetoxy-5 beta,19-cyclopregn-5-ene-4,20-dione (11) and the 9,11-dihydro derivative of the latter.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of 10 with warm HCl furnished 19-chloro-4,21-dihydroxypregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione (13).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pd-C hydrogenation of its diacetate 14 afforded the 4,5-dihydro derivative 18, 19-chloro-21-acetoxypregn-9(11)-en-20-one (15), its 4-acetoxy derivative 16 and the 3,4-diacetoxy derivative 17.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When tested in a radioreceptor assay in human mononuclear leukocytes the synthesized compounds showed only low relative binding affinities ( RBA ) to type 1 receptor , the highest being 0.72% for 13 ( aldosterone = 100%).", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [40, 68]}, {"entity": "type 1 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For comparison, other RBA in this system were: 19-noraldosterone , 20%; 18-deoxyaldosterone , 5.8%; 18-deoxy-19-noraldosterone , 4.7%; 18,21-anhydroaldosterone , 0.37%; 17-isoaldosterone , 7.6% and apoaldosterone , 4.3%", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell type specificity and activation requirements for NFAT-1 ( nuclear factor of activated T-cells ) transcriptional activity determined by a new method using transgenic mice to assay transcriptional activity of an individual nuclear factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [226, 240]}, {"entity": "activated T-cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor of activated T-cells ( NFAT-1 ) is a transcription factor which is considered to be an important regulator in early T-cell activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "activated T-cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed a system to monitor the transcriptional activity of NFAT-1 at the single cell level in whole animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system is based on the use of an oligomerized NFAT-1 binding motif that directs transcription of SV40 T-antigen in transgenic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription of SV40 T-antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 115]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report represents the first demonstration that a multimerized short binding motif can function appropriately in transgenic mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFAT-1 activity had previously been thought to be confined to activated T-lymphocytes upon release of intracellular calcium .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracellular calcium", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "activated T-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By targeting NFAT-1 -dependent gene expression in transgenic mice we discovered new sites of NFAT-1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides in T-lymphocytes NFAT-1 activity could also be induced in T-lymphocyte-depleted spleen cells and purified B-lymphocytes and requires agents that both release intracellular calcium and activate protein kinase C .", "entity": [{"entity": "T-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "purified B-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [105, 127]}, {"entity": "T-lymphocyte-depleted spleen cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 100]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 217]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A difference in the time course of appearance of NFAT-1 activity between T-lymphocytes and non-T-lymphocytes was revealed.", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "non-T-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "T-lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive expression was observed in a small population of cells in the dermis and some mice have developed skin lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, the tissue pattern of expression of the NFAT-1 activity resembles the expression pattern described for HIV-LTR/tat transgenic mice (Vogel, J., Hinrichs, S. H., Reynolds, R. K., Luciw, P. A., and Jay, G. (1988) Nature 335, 606-611).", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This similarity in expression and the fact that NFAT-1 has been shown to bind functional sequences in HIV-LTR suggest a role for NFAT-1 in dermal activation of the HIV-LTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "functional sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "HIV-LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "NFAT-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel T-cell protein which recognizes a palindromic sequence in the negative regulatory element of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 154]}, {"entity": "T-cell protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "palindromic sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "negative regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two major protein-binding sites within the negative regulatory element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat have been identified.", "entity": [{"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 134]}, {"entity": "negative regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 70]}, {"entity": "major protein-binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One ( site B ) contained a palindromic sequence with homology to steroid/thyroid hormone response elements but was distinct from previously described binding sites of this class.", "entity": [{"entity": "palindromic sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "site B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "steroid/thyroid hormone response elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel T-cell protein recognized the palindromic sequence within site B and also bound estrogen- or thyroid hormone- response elements with lower affinity.", "entity": [{"entity": "site B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "T-cell protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "palindromic sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 7-base-pair mutation in the site B palindrome , which destroyed protein binding, resulted in increased expression from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "site B palindrome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [125, 181]}, {"entity": "site B", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone suppression of pregnancy lymphocytes is not mediated by glucocorticoid effect.", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated whether the suppressive effect of progesterone on pregnancy lymphocytes is mediated by specific progesterone receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of a competitive progesterone antagonist ( RU486 ) and a specific glucocorticoid receptor blocker ( RU43044 ) were tested on the release of a blocking factor by progesterone -treated pregnancy lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "blocking factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [195, 216]}, {"entity": "progesterone -treated pregnancy lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [173, 216]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RU 486 tested at an equal concentration as progesterone significantly inhibited the production of the blocking factor , while RU 43044 was without effect.", "entity": [{"entity": "blocking factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that in pregnancy, lymphocyte progesterone acts on specific progesterone receptors and glucocorticoid binding sites are not involved.", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 56-59-kilodalton protein identified in untransformed steroid receptor complexes is a unique protein that exists in cytosol in a complex with both the 70- and 90- kilodalton heat shock proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "untransformed steroid receptor complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 83]}, {"entity": "56-59-kilodalton protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "unique protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has previously been shown that 9S , untransformed progestin , estrogen , androgen , and glucocorticoid receptor complexes in rabbit uterine and liver cytosols contain a 59-kDa protein [Tai, P.K., Maeda, Y., Nakao, K., Wakim, N.G., Duhring, J.L., & Faber, L.E.(1986) Biochemistry 25, 5269-5275].", "entity": [{"entity": "59-kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 186]}, {"entity": "9S", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we show that the monoclonal antibody KN 382/EC1 raised against the rabbit 59-kDa protein reacts with 9S , untransformed glucocorticoid receptor complexes in cytosol prepared from human IM-9 lymphocytes but not with 4S salt-transformed receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabbit 59-kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "untransformed glucocorticoid receptor complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 166]}, {"entity": "monoclonal antibody KN 382/EC1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 60]}, {"entity": "human IM-9 lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [192, 214]}, {"entity": "4S salt-transformed receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [228, 257]}, {"entity": "9S", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human protein recognized by the EC1 antibody is a 56-kDa protein ( p56 ) of moderate abundance located predominantly in the cytoplasm by indirect immunofluorescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "56-kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "EC1 antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are at least six isomorphs of p56 by two-dimensional gel analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "isomorphs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N-Terminal sequencing ( 20 amino acids ) shows that p56 is a unique human protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "unique human protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When p56 is immunoadsorbed from IM-9 cell cytosol , both the 70- and 90- kDa heat shock proteins are coadsorbed in an immune-specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "IM-9 cell", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither heat shock protein reacts directly with the EC1 antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC1 antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "heat shock protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that p56 exists in cytosol in a higher order complex containing hsp70 and hsp90 , both of which in turn have been found to be associated with untransformed steroid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hsp70", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "untransformed steroid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 185]}, {"entity": "hsp90", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence-specific DNA binding of the proto-oncoprotein ets-1 defines a transcriptional activator sequence within the long terminal repeat of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "transcriptional activator sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 105]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "proto-oncoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ets proto-oncogene family is a group of sequence-related genes whose normal cellular function is unknown.", "entity": [{"entity": "ets proto-oncogene family", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "sequence-related genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a study of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of murine retroviruses in T lymphocytes , we have discovered that a member of the ets gene family encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "sequence-specific DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [183, 220]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "ets gene family", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [157, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse ets-1 cDNA clone was obtained by screening a mouse thymus cDNA expression library with a double-stranded oligonucleotide probe representing 20 bp of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus ( MSV ) long terminal repeat ( LTR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [198, 218]}, {"entity": "double-stranded oligonucleotide probe", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 134]}, {"entity": "mouse thymus cDNA expression library", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 89]}, {"entity": "mouse ets-1 cDNA clone", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 24]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [221, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cDNA sequence has an 813-bp open reading frame ( ORF ) whose predicted amino acid sequence is 97.6% identical to the 272 carboxy-terminal amino acids of the human ets-1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "ORF", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "272 carboxy-terminal amino acids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 153]}, {"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "human ets-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "813-bp open reading frame", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 50]}, {"entity": "cDNA sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "amino acid sequence", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ORF was expressed in bacteria , and the 30-kD protein product was shown to bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner by mobility-shift assays , Southwestern blot analysis , and methylation interference .", "entity": [{"entity": "30-kD protein product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "ORF", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mutant LTR containing four base pair substitutions in the ets-1 binding site was constructed and was shown to have reduced binding in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "ets-1 binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional efficiency of the MSV LTR promoter containing this disrupted ets-1 binding site was compared to the activity of a wild-type promoter in mouse T lymphocytes in culture, and 15- to 20-fold reduction in expression of a reporter gene was observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "wild-type promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [130, 148]}, {"entity": "reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [232, 245]}, {"entity": "mouse T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [152, 171]}, {"entity": "ets-1 binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "MSV LTR promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that ets-1 functions as a transcriptional activator of mammalian type-C retroviruses and speculate that ets-related genes constitute a new group of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 190]}, {"entity": "ets-related genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II estrogen binding sites in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells : variations during the menstrual cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "human peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [34, 74]}, {"entity": "Type II estrogen binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) contain type II estrogen binding sites ( type II EBS ).", "entity": [{"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "II estrogen binding sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "human peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [33, 73]}, {"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study, the fluctuations of type II EBS during the menstrual cycle were analyzed in 6 normally menstruating women .", "entity": [{"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 3 times higher levels of type II EBS were found in the periovulatory period with respect to both follicular and luteal phases .", "entity": [{"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In postmenopausal women the mean type II EBS levels were similar to those observed in the follicular phase of the cycle.", "entity": [{"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, in 3 postmenopausal patients a short course of estrogen or tamoxifen resulted in a marked increase of type II EBS levels.", "entity": [{"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tamoxifen was also found to compete with 17 beta-estradiol for type II EBS in PBMC , although to a lesser extent than diethylstilbestrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "type II EBS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mononuclear leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor binding characteristics and down-regulation in major depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mononuclear leukocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some patients with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) have elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and show failure to suppress cortisol secretion upon administration of dexamethasone ( DEX ), yet they do not have Cushingoid features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study whether this represents glucocorticoid ( GC ) resistance , [3H]-DEX-binding assays were used to measure, in vitro, the GC receptor affinity (1/Kd) and number ( Bmax ) in mononuclear leukocytes of 11 MDD patients and 15 control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "GC receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [179, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No receptor abnormalities were detected in the MDD group; thus any cellular defect leading to a lack of responsiveness to GC in the MDD patients , if present, probably lies beyond the initial receptor binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEX (1.0 mg orally) was administered to study in vivo GC receptor down-regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vivo GC receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to the control group , fewer depressed subjects down-regulated Bmax after DEX .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By paired t-test , Bmax decreased significantly in the control group but not in the depressed group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receptor number on the control day did not correlate significantly with the degree of receptor down-regulation , severity of depression or cortisol concentrations across all the subjects.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results do not lend support to previous reports suggesting that GC resistance in MDD results from a GC receptor-binding abnormality , and they emphasize the importance of considering receptor studies in the context of GC -mediated cell processes in order to identify the exact cellular defect(s) leading to GC resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ras-related GTP-binding proteins and leukocyte signal transduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Ras-related GTP-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many aspects of leukocyte function are regulated by both heterotrimeric and Ras-related GTP-binding proteins , but there is little definite information about their roles in the specialized processes utilized by leukocytes for cell killing.", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [211, 221]}, {"entity": "heterotrimeric", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Ras-related GTP-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent progress in understanding the regulation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase by the Rac GTP-binding proteins provides a basis for defining the operational characteristics of one such phagocyte system .", "entity": [{"entity": "phagocyte NADPH oxidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "Rac GTP-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is clear from various studies that the activity of the NADPH oxidase can be modulated through the regulation of the GTP-GDP state of Rac .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP-GDP state", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Rac", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 139]}, {"entity": "NADPH oxidase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins exist in leukocytes able to modify GTP-binding protein function in this manner, and their activity may be regulated by signals generated on phagocyte stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "GTP-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins of the Ras superfamily are likely to be involved in a variety of normal phagocyte functions through their ability to modulate the assembly of actin filaments , direct vesicle trafficking and fusion, and so forth.", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras superfamily", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "actin filaments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BSAP : a key regulator of B-cell development and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "B-cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B-cell-specific activator protein ( BSAP ) is a recently identified member of the Pax-gene family of transcription factors ; in the lymphoid system , BSAP is produced only in B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Pax-gene family", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific activator protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, Markus Neurath, Eckhard Stuber and Warren Strober describe the molecular structure of BSAP and focus on the ability of this protein to regulate the expression of B-cell-specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-cell-specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [168, 189]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They propose that BSAP is a key protein of B cells and that it not only influence B-cell development but also influences the balance between B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion at later stages of B-cell differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "key protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down-regulation of NF-kappa B protein levels in activated human lymphocytes by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Jan 9;93(1):524]", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [ 1,25(OH)2)D3 ], a steroid hormone with immunomodulating properties, on nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) proteins was examined in in vitro activated normal human lymphocytes by Western blot analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [201, 218]}, {"entity": "in vitro activated normal human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [175, 218]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over a 72-hr period of activation, the expression of the 50-kDa NF-kappa B , p50 , and its precursor, p105 , was increased progressively.", "entity": [{"entity": "p105", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "50-kDa NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When cells were activated in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 , the levels of the mature protein as well as its precursor were decreased.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the hormone on the levels of p50 was demonstrable in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments ; it required between 4 and 8 hr and was specific, as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were ineffective.", "entity": [{"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides p50 , 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the levels of another NF-kappa B protein , namely c-rel .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "c-rel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the abundance of a specific DNA-protein complex formed upon incubation of nuclear extracts from activated lymphocytes with a labeled NF-kappa B DNA binding motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "specific DNA-protein complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 82]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B DNA binding motif", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B in Jurkat cells transiently transfected with a construct containing four tandem repeats of the NF-kappa B binding sequence of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [204, 241]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B binding sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [169, 196]}, {"entity": "tandem repeats", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [147, 161]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [256, 289]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [256, 303]}, {"entity": "construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations demonstrate directly that there is de novo synthesis of NF-kappa B during human lymphocyte activation and suggest that this process is hormonally regulated.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myeloid zinc finger gene , MZF-1 , regulates the CD34 promoter in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "CD34 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "myeloid zinc finger gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MZF-1 is a C2H2 zinc finger gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator of myeloid differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2H2 zinc finger gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "putative transcriptional regulator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MZF-1 protein contains 13 C2H2 zinc fingers arranged in bipartite DNA binding domains containing zinc fingers through 4 and, in the carboxy-terminus , 5 through 13.", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxy-terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "DNA binding domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "C2H2 zinc fingers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "zinc fingers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously identified the DNA consensus binding site recognized by the two DNA binding domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA binding domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "DNA consensus binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the transcription regulatory function of MZF-1 , the full-length MZF-1 coding region was fused to the DNA binding domain of the yeast transactivator GAL4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 130]}, {"entity": "yeast transactivator GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 163]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression vector was cotransfected with the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene regulated by the thymidine kinase promoter containing GAL4 DNA binding sites into NIH 3T3 , 293 , K562 , and Jurkat cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 103]}, {"entity": "NIH 3T3", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "293", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 137]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyl transferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 83]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [121, 146]}, {"entity": "K562", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "GAL4 DNA binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [158, 180]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [213, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MZF-1 represses CAT reporter gene expression via GAL4 binding sites in the nonhematopoietic cell lines NIH 3T3 and 293 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "nonhematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [75, 102]}, {"entity": "NIH 3T3", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "293", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, MZF-1 activates CAT reporter gene expression in the hematopoietic cell lines K562 and Jurkat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "CAT reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [65, 89]}, {"entity": "K562", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MZF-1 binding sites are present in the promoters of several genes expressed during myeloid differentiation , including the CD34 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "CD34 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "MZF-1 binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MZF-1 transcriptional regulation of this physiologically relevant promoter was assessed in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonhematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [114, 141]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "physiologically relevant promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant MZF-1 protein specifically binds to the consensus binding sites in the CD34 promoter in mobility shift assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant MZF-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "consensus binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 75]}, {"entity": "CD34 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MZF-1 expression vectors were cotransfected with the luciferase reporter plasmids regulated by the CD34 promoter into both nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD34 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "luciferase reporter plasmids", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As with the heterologous DNA binding domain , MZF-1 represses reporter gene expression in nonhematopoietic cell lines and activates expression in hematopoietic cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [93, 117]}, {"entity": "nonhematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [90, 117]}, {"entity": "DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of CD34 expression in hematopoietic cell lines is dependent on the presence of intact MZF-1 binding sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [33, 57]}, {"entity": "MZF-1 binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "CD34", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell type-specific regulation of the CD34 promoter by MZF-1 suggests the presence of tissue-specific regulators/adapters or differential MZF-1 modifications that determine MZF-1 transcriptional regulatory function .", "entity": [{"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "CD34 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "MZF-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [176, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The murine BCL6 gene is induced in activated lymphocytes as an immediate early gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCL6 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "activated lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "immediate early gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosomal translocation involving 3q27 is often detected in human B-cell lymphomas , especially diffuse lymphomas with a large-cell component .", "entity": [{"entity": "3q27", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "human B-cell lymphomas", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BCL6 gene has been isolated from the chromosomal breakpoint in these lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCL6 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we cloned the murine BCL6 (mBCL6) cDNA from the muscle cDNA library using the human BCL6 (hBCL6) cDNA as a probe.", "entity": [{"entity": "human BCL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "murine BCL6 (mBCL6) cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "murine BCL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "human BCL6 (hBCL6) cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 106]}, {"entity": "muscle cDNA library", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted amino acid sequence was 95% identical to that of hBCL6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hBCL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains six repeats of the Kruppel-like zinc-finger motif that are completely identical to those of hBCL6 , indicating that the BCL6 gene is well conserved between humans and mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hBCL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "BCL6 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "Kruppel-like zinc-finger motif", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the mBCL6 gene was ubiquitously detected in adult mouse tissues including lymphatic organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "mBCL6 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, it was induced in lymphocytes activated with phorbol ester and Ca2+ ionophore within 30 min after stimulation.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This induction was not inhibited by treatment of the cells with a protein synthesis inhibitor , cycloheximide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that BCL6 plays a role in activated lymphocytes as an immediate early gene.", "entity": [{"entity": "activated lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "BCL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of BSAP ( Pax-5 ) in B-cell development .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Pax-5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hierarchy of transcriptional control in B-cell development has recently been analyzed by targeted gene inactivation in the mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this manner, the paired box containing gene Pax-5 , encoding the B cell specific transcription factor BSAP , has been shown to play a key role in early B lymphopoiesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Pax-5", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "paired box containing gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 46]}, {"entity": "B cell specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other experimental strategies have implicated BSAP in the control of cell proliferation , isotype switching and transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene at late stages of B-cell differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSAP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [133, 159]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [133, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA-binding properties of two heat shock factors , HSF1 and HSF3 , are induced in the avian erythroblast cell line HD6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "two heat shock factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 52]}, {"entity": "HD6", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "avian erythroblast cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [90, 118]}, {"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avian cells express three heat shock transcription factor ( HSF ) genes corresponding to a novel factor , HSF3 , and homologs of mouse and human HSF1 and HSF2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "HSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "heat shock transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 57]}, {"entity": "novel factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "heat shock transcription factor ( HSF ) genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the biochemical and cell biological properties of these HSFs reveals that HSF3 has properties in common with both HSF1 and HSF2 and yet has features which are distinct from both.", "entity": [{"entity": "HSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 139]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "HSFs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HSF3 is constitutively expressed in the erythroblast cell line HD6 , the lymphoblast cell line MSB , and embryo fibroblasts , and yet its DNA-binding activity is induced only upon exposure of HD6 cells to heat shock.", "entity": [{"entity": "embryo fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [105, 123]}, {"entity": "lymphoblast cell line MSB", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [73, 98]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "erythroblast cell line HD6", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [40, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acquisition of HSF3 DNA-binding activity in HD6 cells is accompanied by oligomerization from a non-DNA-binding dimer to a DNA-binding trimer , whereas the effect of heat shock on HSF1 is oligomerization of an inert monomer to a DNA-binding trimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-DNA-binding dimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 116]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding trimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding trimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [228, 246]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "HD6 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "inert monomer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of HSF3 DNA-binding activity is delayed compared with that of HSF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As occurs for HSF1 , heat shock leads to the translocation of HSF3 to the nucleus.", "entity": [{"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HSF exhibits the properties of a transcriptional activator , as judged from the stimulatory activity of transiently overexpressed HSF3 measured by using a heat shock element-containing reporter construct and as independently assayed by the activity of a chimeric GAL4 -HSF3 protein on a GAL4 reporter construct .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 58]}, {"entity": "heat shock element-containing reporter construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [155, 203]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [263, 267]}, {"entity": "GAL4 reporter construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [287, 310]}, {"entity": "chimeric GAL4 -HSF3 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [254, 281]}, {"entity": "-HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [268, 273]}, {"entity": "transiently overexpressed HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 134]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [287, 291]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results reveal that HSF3 is negatively regulated in avian cells and acquires DNA-binding activity in certain cells upon heat shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "avian cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "HSF3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct demonstration of NFATp dephosphorylation and nuclear localization in activated HT-2 cells using a specific NFATp polyclonal antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "HT-2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "activated HT-2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "NFATp polyclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 139]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFAT ) regulates transcription of a number of cytokine genes , and NFAT DNA binding activity is stimulated following T cell activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine genes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Nuclear factor of activated T cells", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence have suggested that NFAT is a substrate for calcineurin , a serine/threonine phosphatase .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "serine/threonine phosphatase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a polyclonal antibody to murine NFATp , Western blot analysis of various mouse tissues demonstrated that the 110-130-kDa NFATp protein was highly expressed in thymus and spleen .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "NFATp protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of immunoprecipitated NFATp from untreated HT-2 cells with calcineurin resulted in the dephosphorylation of NFATp , demonstrating that NFATp is an in vitro substrate for calcineurin .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 191]}, {"entity": "HT-2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFATp immunoprecipitated from 32P-labeled HT-2 cells migrated as an approximately 120-kDa protein that was localized to the cytosol of the cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "HT-2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "32P-labeled HT-2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [30, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of the cells with ionomycin resulted in a decrease in the molecular weight of NFATp and a loss of 32P , consistent with NFATp dephosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dephosphorylation of NFATp was accompanied by localization of the protein to the nuclear fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both of these events were blocked by preincubation of the cells with FK506 , a calcineurin inhibitor , consistent with the hypothesis that NFATp is a calcineurin substrate in cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation and expression of the nuclear factors of activated T cells , NFATp and NFATc , in human natural killer cells : regulation upon CD16 ligand binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "nuclear factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "human natural killer cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "activated T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "CD16", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative factors that couple the signal transduction from surface receptors to the activation of cytokine synthesis in natural killer (NK) cells have not been elucidated.", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "natural killer (NK) cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [123, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that the nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFATp ), a cyclosporin A ( CsA )-sensitive factor that regulates the transcription of several cytokines , mediates CD16 -induced activation of cytokine genes in human NK cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD16", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "activated T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 59]}, {"entity": "human NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [223, 237]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A ( CsA )-sensitive factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 111]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "cytokine genes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 219]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD16 ( Fc gamma RIIIA )-induced expression of cytokine mRNA in NK cells occurs via a CsA -sensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "cytokine mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma RIIIA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "CD16", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of NK cells with CD16 ligands induces NFAT -like DNA binding activity in the nuclear extracts from these cells, as detected in electrophoretic mobility shift assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD16", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This occurs with fast kinetics after stimulation, via a CsA -sensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism that does not require de novo protein synthesis.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NK cell NFAT is present in the cytosol of nonstimulated cells , migrates to the nucleus upon stimulation, and can associate with AP-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NK cell NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "nonstimulated cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct molecules, NFATp and NFATc , have been reported to mediate NFAT activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of supershift assays using NFATp- and NFATc- specific antibodies indicate that NK cell activation early after CD16 ligand binding involves primarily, if not exclusively, NFATp , and Western blot analysis shows that this has the same electrophoretic mobility (approximately 120 kD) as that of T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD16", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [304, 317]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NK cells do not express NFATc constitutively, but NFATc mRNA accumulation is induced in these cells within 2 h of stimulation with CD16 ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "NFATc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, supershift assays using the available mAb recognizing the T cell NFATc revealed no detectable NFATc protein in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from CD16- or phorbol ester -stimulated cells at any time tested, up to 4 h.", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester -stimulated cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [167, 198]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "mAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide the first direct evidence that both CsA -sensitive transcription factors , NFATp and NFATc , are expressed in human NK cells , and that their activation and/or expression can be regulated in primary cells by a single stimulus, that, in the case of CD16 in NK cells , results in early activation of NFATp and subsequently induced expression of NFATc mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "CsA -sensitive transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 94]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "NFATc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [365, 375]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [320, 325]}, {"entity": "NFATc", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [365, 370]}, {"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [278, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin 2 signaling involves the phosphorylation of Stat proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most important cytokines involved in immune response regulation is interleukin 2 (IL-2), a potent activator of the proliferation and function of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "natural killer cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [174, 194]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [156, 169]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms by which the effects of IL-2 are propagated within cells are not understood.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the binding of IL-2 to its receptor was recently shown to lead to the activation of two kinases , Jak-1 and Jak-3 , subsequent steps in the signaling pathway to the nucleus that lead to the activation of specific genes had not been characterized.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Jak-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since many cytokines that activate Jak kinases also lead to the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of members of the Stat family of transcription factors , the ability of IL-2 to trigger Stat phosphorylation was examined.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Stat family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [176, 180]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of activated human T lymphocytes or of a natural killer cell line ( NKL ) to IL-2 leads to the phosphorylation of Stat1 alpha , Stat1 beta , and Stat3 , as well as of two Stat-related proteins , p94 and p95 .", "entity": [{"entity": "natural killer cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [50, 74]}, {"entity": "natural killer cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "Stat1 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "p94", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "human T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "p95", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "NKL", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "Stat-related proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 201]}, {"entity": "Stat1 beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p94 and p95 share homology with Stat1 at the phosphorylation site and in the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain , but otherwise are immunologically distinct from Stat1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "phosphorylation site", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "Src homology 2 (SH2) domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 104]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "p94", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "p95", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These Stat proteins were found to translocate to the nucleus and to bind to a specific DNA sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "specific DNA sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest a mechanism by which IL-2 binding to its receptor may activate specific genes involved in immune cell function .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "specific genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of c-fos correlates with IFN-alpha responsiveness in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study evaluates (i) constitutive levels of oncogene and p53 transcripts in chronic phase CML patients and (ii) their modulations subsequent to in vivo therapy with rIFN-alpha 2c .", "entity": [{"entity": "rIFN-alpha 2c", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "p53 transcripts", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmc ) and bone marrow cells of 26 patients were examined for c-fos , c-myc , p53 and the hybrid bcr/abl mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "pbmc", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "bone marrow cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that (i) constitutive c-fos transcript levels are significantly higher in patients subsequently responding to IFN-alpha therapy (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with the proportion of lymphocytes (r = 0.6895, p < 0.01) and negatively with the proportion of immature cells (r = -0.568, p < 0.01) contained in the pbmc preparations tested, (ii) constitutive mRNA levels of the hybrid bcr/abl , c-myc and p53 are positively correlated with each other, but failed to relate to disease parameters, and (iii) acute and chronic in vivo exposure to IFN-alpha is accompanied by upregulation of c-fos and downregulation of c-myc mRNA levels in responder patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "pbmc", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [334, 338]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [424, 427]}, {"entity": "hybrid bcr/abl", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [397, 411]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "IFN-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [563, 572]}, {"entity": "c-fos", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "c-myc", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [414, 419]}, {"entity": "c-myc mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [635, 645]}, {"entity": "constitutive mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [365, 382]}, {"entity": "c-fos transcript", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "immature cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [279, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menopause is associated with a significant increase in blood monocyte number and a relative decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors in human peripheral monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human peripheral monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [144, 170]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PROBLEM: The clinical significance of the differential expression of estrogen receptor ( ER ) in human monocytes was evaluated.", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD: Two color flow cytometry analysis was used on peripheral blood samples of young and postmenopausal females and postmenopausal females treated with estrogen replacement therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the monocyte and lymphocyte counts and the blood estrogen levels of each patient were determine.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS: During menopause there is a significant decrease in the percentage of ER positive monocytes , and an increase in blood monocyte number , which declines following estrogen replacement therapy to values of the young.", "entity": [{"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "blood monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "ER positive monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [79, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that estrogen modulates the monocyte numbers and its effects may be mediated through the ER in the monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate interleukin 2 receptor expression and ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus protein- tyrosine kinase 3 ( Jak3 ) and signal transducers and activators of transcription ( Stat proteins ).", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "Janus protein- tyrosine kinase 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 154]}, {"entity": "signal transducers and activators of transcription", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 218]}, {"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [221, 234]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 59]}, {"entity": "Staphylococcal enterotoxins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staphylococcal enterotoxins ( SE ) stimulate T cells expressing the appropriate variable region beta chain of ( V beta ) T-cell receptors and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "variable region beta chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 106]}, {"entity": "Staphylococcal enterotoxins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "V beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "variable region beta chain of ( V beta ) T-cell receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 137]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on costimulatory signals , SE induce either proliferation or anergy in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, SE can induce an interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) nonresponsive state and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, we show that SE induce dynamic changes in the expression of and signal transduction through the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta and gamma chains ( IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma ) in human antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "human antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [180, 220]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, after 4 hr of exposure to SEA and SEB , the expression of IL-2R beta was down-regulated, IL-2R gamma was slightly up-regulated, while IL-2R alpha remained largely unaffected.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2R alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 151]}, {"entity": "SEA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "SEB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in the composition of IL-2Rs were accompanied by inhibition of IL-2 -induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus protein- tyrosine kinase 3 ( Jak3 ) and signal transducers and activators of transcription called Stat3 and Stat5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2Rs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [225, 230]}, {"entity": "Stat5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 240]}, {"entity": "Janus protein- tyrosine kinase 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 153]}, {"entity": "signal transducers and activators of transcription", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [167, 217]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parallel experiments, IL-2 -driven proliferation was inhibited significantly.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 16 hr of exposure to SE , the expression of IL-2R beta remained low, while that of IL2R alpha and IL2R gamma was further up-regulated, and ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak3 and Stat proteins was partly normalized.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL2R alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "IL2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 210]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 192]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet, IL-2 -driven proliferation remained profoundly inhibited, suggesting that signaling events other than Jak3 /Stat activation had also been changed following SE stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "/Stat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 163]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion, our data suggest that SE can modulate IL-2R expression and signal transduction involving the Jak/Stat pathway in CD4+ T-cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak/Stat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "CD4+ T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [128, 145]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "IL-2R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive NF-kappa B activation , enhanced granulopoiesis , and neonatal lethality in I kappa B alpha -deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factors belonging to the NF-kappa B family are controlled by inhibitory I kappa B proteins , mainly I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "I kappa B beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "inhibitory I kappa B proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 104]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently normal at birth, I kappa B alpha -/- mice exhibit severe runting, skin defects , and extensive granulopoiesis postnatally, typically dying by 8 days.", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hematopoietic tissues from these mice display elevated levels of both nuclear NF-kappa B and mRNAs of some, but not all, genes thought to be regulated by NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "mRNAs", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "nuclear NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-kappa B elevation results in these phenotypic abnormalities because mice lacking both I kappa B alpha and the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B show a dramatically delayed onset of abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "p50 subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to hematopoietic cells , I kappa B alpha -/- embryonic fibroblasts show minimal constitutive NF-kappa B , as well as normal signal-dependent NF-kappa B activation that is concomitant with I kappa B beta degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "constitutive NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 115]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha -/- embryonic fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [37, 78]}, {"entity": "I kappa B beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 214]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that I kappa b beta, but not I kappa B alpha , is required for the signal-dependent activation of NF-kappa B in fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, I kappa B alpha is required for the postinduction repression of NF-kappa B in fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results define distinct roles for the two forms of I kappa B and demonstrate the necessity for stringent control of NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin-7 can induce the activation of Jak 1 , Jak 3 and STAT 5 proteins in murine T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Interleukin-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "STAT 5 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "Jak 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation of Janus protein tyrosine kinases ( Jak ) and STAT ( signal transducer and activator of transcription ) proteins has recently been linked to the signal transduction mechanism of several cytokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT ( signal transducer and activator of transcription ) proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 127]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 210]}, {"entity": "Janus protein tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 48]}, {"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "Jak", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "signal transducer and activator of transcription", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL-7 was observed to induce a rapid and dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak 1 and Jak 3 and concomitantly, the tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of multiple STAT proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 197]}, {"entity": "Jak 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The STAT proteins utilized by IL-7 were identical to those induced by IL-2 and could be identified as various STAT 5 isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "STAT 5 isoforms", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, the induction of both Jak 1 and 3 , and STAT 5 activity strongly correlated with the growth-promoting effects of IL-7 , suggesting that this signal transduction mechanism may play a key role in IL-7 -induced proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "STAT 5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokine -modulating activity of tepoxalin , a new potential antirheumatic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tepoxalin is a new dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase anti-inflammatory compound currently under clinical investigation.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of animal models and more recently to inhibit IL-2 induced signal transduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study was conducted to evaluate the cytokine modulating activity of tepoxalin and the role of iron in these effects.", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) stimulated with OKT3/PMA , tepoxalin inhibited lymphocyte proliferation with an IC50 of 6 microM.", "entity": [{"entity": "human peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 43]}, {"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally, it inhibited the production of LTB4 (IC50 = 0.5 microM) and the cytokines IL-2 , IL-6 and TNF alpha (IC50 = 10-12 microM).", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "LTB4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity was not demonstrated at these concentrations.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Add-back experiments with either cytokines ( IL-2 or IL-6 ), LTB4 or conditioned media failed to restore the proliferative response in the presence of tepoxalin .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "LTB4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, the concurrent addition of iron (in the form of ferrous or ferric chloride and other iron salts ) reversed the inhibition of proliferation caused by tepoxalin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tepoxalin also inhibits the activation of NF kappa B , a transcription factor which acts on several cytokine genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tepoxalin 's effect on NF kappa B is also reversed by the addition of iron salts .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the action of tepoxalin to inhibit proliferation in PBMC may be at least in part due to its ability to reduce the amount of available iron resulting in decreased activation of NF kappa B and subsequent inhibition of cytokine production .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [240, 248]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N- and C-terminal sequences control degradation of MAD3/ I kappa B alpha in response to inducers of NF-kappa B activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAD3/ I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 72]}, {"entity": "N- and C-terminal sequences", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proteolytic degradation of the inhibitory protein MAD3/ I kappa B alpha in response to extracellular stimulation is a prerequisite step in the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 185]}, {"entity": "MAD3/ I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 75]}, {"entity": "inhibitory protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the expression of human I kappa B alpha protein in stable transfectants of mouse 70Z/3 cells shows that, as for the endogenous murine protein, exogenous I kappa B alpha is degraded in response to inducers of NF-kappa B activity , such as phorbol myristate acetate or lipopolysaccharide .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "human I kappa B alpha protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 59]}, {"entity": "mouse 70Z/3 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, pretreatment of the cells with the proteasome inhibitor N-Ac-Leu-Leu-norleucinal inhibits this ligand-induced degradation and, in agreement with previous studies, stabilizes a hyperphosphorylated form of the human I kappa B alpha protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [227, 242]}, {"entity": "proteasome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "human I kappa B alpha protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [221, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By expressing mutant forms of the human protein in this cell line , we have been able to delineate the sequences responsible for both the ligand-induced phosphorylation and the degradation of I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that deletion of the C terminus of the I kappa B alpha molecule up to amino acid 279 abolishes constitutive but not ligand-inducible phosphorylation and inhibits ligand-inducible degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid 279", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "C terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis reveals that the inducible phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha maps to two serines in the N terminus of the protein (residues 32 and 36) and that the mutation of either residue is sufficient to abolish ligand-induced degradation, whereas both residues must be mutated to abolish inducible phosphorylation of the protein.", "entity": [{"entity": "N terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubules mediate cellular 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 trafficking and the genomic response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in normal human monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microtubules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genomic actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) are mediated by the intracellular vitamin D receptor ( VDR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "vitamin D receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although immunocytochemistry has shown that disruption of microtubular assembly prevents nuclear access of the sterol- VDR complex , the role of microtubules in the response to 1,25(OH)2D3 has not been studied in viable cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "viable cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [213, 225]}, {"entity": "microtubules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "sterol- VDR complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies examined this interaction in normal human monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monocytes convert 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and to 24-hydroxylated metabolites more polar than 1,25(OH)2D3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubule disruption totally abolished the ability of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 to suppress its own synthesis and to induce 24-hydroxylase mRNA and activity, without affecting either total 1,25(OH)2D3 uptake or maximal 1,25(OH)2D3 -VDR binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "24-hydroxylase mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "-VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, intact microtubules are essential for 1,25(OH)2D3 -dependent modulation of gene transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "microtubules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, microtubule disruption also decreased monocyte 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis , not by decreasing the Vmax of monocyte mitochondrial 1 alpha-hydroxylase but through an increase in the Km for 25(OH)2D3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocyte mitochondrial 1 alpha-hydroxylase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 158]}, {"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "microtubule", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined 25(OH)D3 transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubule disruption did not affect total cellular 25(OH)D3 uptake but reduced its intracellular trafficking to the mitochondria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, microtubules participate in intracellular 25(OH)D3 transport , and their integrity determines normal 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "microtubules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between Rap1 protein phosphorylation and regulation of Ca2+ transport in platelets : a new approach.", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the interrelationship between the two messengers Ca2+ and cyclic AMP in platelet function is well documented, its mechanism of action still remains to be established.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated here the question of the regulation of platelet Ca(2+)-ATPases by cyclic AMP through the phosphorylation of the Rap1 protein using a pathological model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "platelet Ca(2+)-ATPases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We first found experimental conditions where Ca(2+)-transport by platelet membrane vesicles appeared to be dependent on the phosphorylation of the Rap1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then, we studied platelets of patients with congestive heart failure for their expression of the potential 97 kDa Ca(2+)-ATPase target of regulation through the Rap1 protein as well as the phosphorylation of the Rap1 protein using the catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP -dependent protein kinase ( C. Sub. ).", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Sub.", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [299, 306]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP -dependent protein kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [260, 296]}, {"entity": "97 kDa Ca(2+)-ATPase target", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 134]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+)-ATPase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [212, 224]}, {"entity": "catalytic subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 252]}, {"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first patients studied, we found no significant modification in the expression of the 97 kDa Ca(2+)-ATPase by Western blotting using the PL/IM 430 monoclonal antibody which specifically recognized this isoform.", "entity": [{"entity": "97 kDa Ca(2+)-ATPase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 113]}, {"entity": "PL/IM 430 monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, the Rap1 protein was differentially phosphorylated when using 15 micrograms/ml of the C. Sub.", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "C. Sub.", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results allowed us to use these pathological platelets to study the relationship between the expression of Rap1 protein and the regulation of Ca2+ transport by selecting a patient with severe heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We could show a decrease in the expression as well as in the phosphorylation of Rap1 protein and demonstrate a lower effect of C. Sub. on Ca2+ transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "C. Sub.", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally, by studying a further series of patients , we could confirm that the decrease in Rap1 protein expression in heart failure, whatever its extent, was variable, and could strictly correlate the expression of Rap1 protein with the stimulatory effect of C. Sub. on Ca2+ transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "C. Sub.", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [258, 265]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the evidence for regulation of the expression of the Rap1 protein in platelets from patients with heart failure , these findings constitute a new approach in favour of the regulation of platelet Ca2+ transport through the phosphorylation of the Rap1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Rap1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [253, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An IRF-1 -dependent pathway of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in mitogen-activated T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen-activated T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [63, 94]}, {"entity": "IRF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphocytes are particularly susceptible to DNA damage-induced apoptosis , a response which may serve as a form of ' altruistic suicide ' to counter their intrinsic high potential for mutation and clonal expansion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumour suppressor p53 has been shown to regulate this type of apoptosis in thymocytes , but an as yet unknown, p53 -independent pathway (s) appears to mediate the same event in mitogen-activated mature T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "mitogen-activated mature T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [181, 219]}, {"entity": "tumour suppressor p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show DNA damage-induced apoptosis in these T lymphocytes is dependent on the antioncogenic transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "antioncogenic transcription factor interferon regulatory factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 148]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 119]}, {"entity": "(IRF)-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus two different anti-onco-genic transcription factors , p53 and IRF-1 , are required for distinct apoptotic pathways in T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "anti-onco-genic transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that mitogen induction of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme ( ICE ) gene , a mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-3 , is IRF-1 -dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 79]}, {"entity": "interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme ( ICE ) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 92]}, {"entity": "ced-3", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "mammalian homologue", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 162]}, {"entity": "IRF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic overexpression of IRF-1 results in the activation of the endogenous gene for ICE and enhances the sensitivity of cells to radiation-induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "endogenous gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "ICE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "IRF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid receptors in human peripheral leukocytes and their reactivity to glucocorticoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "human peripheral leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [48, 75]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1) There exists a CR of GR in human leukocytes , PMN , and monocytes with the peak values from 0400 to 0800 hr and the trough values between 2300 and 0000 hr.", "entity": [{"entity": "PMN", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "human leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference between them was significant statistically.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2) The FI of the chemotactic migration rate of PMN by cortisol also showed diurnal changes which were synchronous with that of GR .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMN", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates that the CR of GR may be of functional significance.", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3) In Cushing's syndrome , the CR of GR was normal in spite of the fact that the CR of plasma cortisol was disturbed.", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates the independency of the CR of GR from that of cortisol .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4) In apoplexy caused by brain ischemia , the CR of GR was abolished in patients with basal lesions but preserved when the lesions were located in the cerebral cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results strongly suggest that the main \" circadian pacemaker \" of GR is located in the basal brain , most probably in the suprachiasmatic nuclei as has been suggested for rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from multiple sclerosis patients and a healthy control producing a putative new human retrovirus and Epstein-Barr virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-lymphoblastoid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On several occasions we have observed retrovirus-like particles ( RVLPs ) by transmission electron microscopy ( EM ) of cultured T cells from a patient with MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultured T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [120, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later we established spontaneously formed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines ( LCLs ) from a patient with an MS -like disease and from another patient with MS who had a reactivated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-lymphoblastoid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [42, 69]}, {"entity": "LCLs", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both LCLs were found by EM to produce RVLP and EBV particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCLs", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reverse transcriptase (RT) assays were positive in purified viral material from both LCLs .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCLs", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To substantiate these findings we initiated an intensified culturing procedure and were able to establish LCLs from 5 out of 21 consecutive MS patients and 1 out of 13 consecutive healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCLs", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All LCLs were found to produce both RVLP and EBV particles by EM .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCLs", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether the putative new retrovirus (es) and EBV have any causal relationship to MS is still not known, but the findings support this possibility.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of an ionomycin /cyclosporin A -responsive element within the human T cell receptor gamma enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T cell receptor gamma enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 113]}, {"entity": "ionomycin /cyclosporin A -responsive element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation through the Ca2+ / calcineurin pathway is essential to the transcription of many cytokine genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "cytokine genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conserved cis-acting sequence , GGAAAA , and transcription factors binding to this sequence are involved in the response to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "conserved cis-acting sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the identification and importance of the same sequence in a non-cytokine gene , the human T cell receptor gamma ( TCRG ) enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-cytokine gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "human T cell receptor gamma ( TCRG ) enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [99, 144]}, {"entity": "human T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "TCRG", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "human T cell receptor gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from site-directed mutations and electrophoretic mobility shift assays strongly suggest that this sequence mediates the ionomycin -induced activation of the TCRG enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCRG enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies provide an explanation for a previous observation that TCRG mRNA levels , but not mRNA levels for T cell receptor alpha and -beta , are increased by ionomycin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCRG mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of NF-kappa B /Rel and Sp1 transcription factors in human immunodeficiency virus 1 -induced, dendritic cell-T-cell syncytia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B /Rel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Productive infection of T cells with human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) typically requires that the T cells be stimulated with antigens or mitogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This requirement has been attributed to the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B , which synergizes with the constitutive transcription factor Sp1 to drive the HIV-1 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "constitutive transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently, we have found that vigorous replication of HIV-1 takes place in nonactivated memory T cells after syncytium formation with dendritic cells ( DCs ).", "entity": [{"entity": "dendritic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [133, 148]}, {"entity": "memory T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These syncytia lack activated cells as determined by an absence of staining for Ki-67 cell cycle antigen.", "entity": [{"entity": "activated cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression and activity of NF-kappa B and Sp1 were, therefore, analyzed in isolated T cells and DCs from humans and mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used immunolabeling , Western blot analysis , and electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T cells lack active NF-kappa B but express Sp1 as expected.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DCs express high levels of all known NF-kappa B and Rel proteins , with activity residing primarily within RelB , p50 , and p65 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RelB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "Rel proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, DCs lack Sp1 , which may explain the failure of HIV-1 to replicate in purified DCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of NF-kappa B and Sp1 occurs in the heterologous DC-T-cell syncytia that are induced by HIV-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterologous DC-T-cell syncytia", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 80]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore, HIV-1 -induced cell fusion brings together factors that upregulate virus transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since DCs and memory T cells frequently traffic together in situ, these unusual heterologous syncytia could develop in infected individuals and lead to chronic HIV-1 replication without ostensible immune stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "heterologous syncytia", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cupric ion blocks NF kappa B activation through inhibiting the signal-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transcription factor NF kappa B , which regulates expression of various cellular genes involved in immune responses and viral genes including HIV , is sequestered in the cytoplasm as a complex with an inhibitory protein I kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "inhibitory protein I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 231]}, {"entity": "viral genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various extracellular signals induce phosphorylation and rapid degradation of I kappa B alpha to release NF kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cu2+ was found to inhibit the activation of NF kappa B induced by TNF-alpha , TPA , or H2O2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deoxycholate treatment of the cytoplasmic extract prepared from cells stimulated by TNF-alpha in the presence of Cu2+ resulted in the release of NF kappa B from I kappa B alpha , indicating that Cu2+ interferes with the dissociation of the NF kappa B -I kappa B complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B -I kappa B complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [240, 269]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [240, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither phosphorylation nor degradation of I kappa B alpha was observed upon TNF-alpha stimulation in the presence of Cu2+ .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Cu2+ inhibits the release of NF kappa B by blockade of a signal leading to the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning a cDNA from human NK/ T cells which codes for a protein with high proline content .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "NK/ T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cDNA clone , B4-2 , was isolated from a natural killer (NK) minus T cell subtractive library .", "entity": [{"entity": "natural killer (NK) minus T cell subtractive library", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 94]}, {"entity": "cDNA clone", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The B4-2 clone coded for an mRNA of 2061 bp in length.", "entity": [{"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It encodes a deduced 327 aa protein with a calculated molecular mass of 35.2 kDa.", "entity": [{"entity": "327 aa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Searching of B4-2 DNA and protein sequences against various databases revealed no high homology to other sequences.", "entity": [{"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "B4-2 DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, B4-2 has an unusually high proline content (13%), contains a putative nuclear targeting sequence , and has several SPXX motifs which are frequently found in gene regulatory proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPXX motifs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "nuclear targeting sequence", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 105]}, {"entity": "gene regulatory proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 190]}, {"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the stretches of prolines in B4-2 closely resembles the ligand for proteins with SH3 domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "SH3 domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern hybridization data showed that B4-2 is not a lymphoid specific gene and is expressed in a hepatoma cell line and also weakly transcribed or absent in a variety of other cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "lymphoid specific gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 76]}, {"entity": "hepatoma cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [99, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A polyclonal antiserum raised against recombinant B4-2 recognizes a 32-34 kDa protein in lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "32-34 kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "B4-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "recombinant B4-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of JAK3 , but not JAK1 , is critical for IL-2 -induced proliferation and STAT5 recruitment by a COOH-terminal region of the IL-2 receptor beta-chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "IL-2 receptor beta-chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "COOH-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of cytokines and growth factors use the JAK -STAT pathway to signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "-STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "JAK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While homodimerizing cytokine receptors may transmit signal via a single form of JAK (i.e. growth hormone receptors ), several multicomponent cytokine receptors have been shown to require simultaneous activation of pairs of different JAK kinases (i.e. interferon receptors ).", "entity": [{"entity": "JAK kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [234, 245]}, {"entity": "JAK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "multicomponent cytokine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 160]}, {"entity": "interferon receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [252, 272]}, {"entity": "homodimerizing cytokine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 39]}, {"entity": "growth hormone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence for a preferential coupling of JAK3 to interleukin-2 receptor-gamma ( IL-2R gamma ) and JAK1 to IL-2R beta supports the concept of heterotrans-activation of JAK1 and JAK3 caused by IL-2 -induced heterodimerization of their receptor partners .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 receptor-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 83]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study verified the ability of IL-2 to cause tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of JAK1 and JAK3 , but demonstrated that IL-2 stimulated JAK3 to a significantly larger extent than JAK1 in human T lymphocytes and the YT cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "human T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [204, 223]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 200]}, {"entity": "YT cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [232, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This conclusion was based upon several independent criteria, including more vigorous tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK3 , more marked enzymatic activation of JAK3 as well as higher abundance of JAK3 in activated IL-2 receptor complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2 receptor complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [210, 233]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, when human IL-2R beta was stably expressed in murine BA/F3 cells , robust IL-2 -induced proliferation and JAK3 activation occurred without detectable involvement of either JAK1 , JAK2 or TYK2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [185, 189]}, {"entity": "JAK2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 196]}, {"entity": "IL-2R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "murine BA/F3 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "TYK2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 204]}, {"entity": "human IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore propose that IL-2 receptor signal transduction does not depend on equimolar heterodimerization of JAK1 and JAK3 following IL-2 -induced heterodimerization of IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "IL-2 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 139]}, {"entity": "JAK1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless, a membrane-proximal region of human IL-2R beta ( Asn240-Leu335 ) was critical for JAK3 activation, and the amount of JAK3 present in activated IL-2 receptor complexes increased with time, suggesting that stabilization of JAK3 binding to the receptor complex relies on both IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "membrane-proximal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "receptor complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 177]}, {"entity": "Asn240-Leu335", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "IL-2 receptor complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 179]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [286, 296]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [301, 312]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [234, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, STAT5 was found to be the predominant STAT transcription factor used by IL-2 in human T cells , and specifically required a COOH-terminal region of IL-2R beta ( Ser386-Val525 ), while STAT5 recruitment was not correlated to activation of IL-2R gamma or JAK3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "COOH-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 154]}, {"entity": "human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Ser386-Val525", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "JAK3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [263, 267]}, {"entity": "STAT transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "IL-2R beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "IL-2R gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up-regulation of high-affinity dehydroepiandrosterone binding activity by dehydroepiandrosterone in activated human T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although evidence indicates that dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) exerts direct physiological effects , its mechanism of action remains unknown.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHEA binding sites were examined using a whole-cell binding assay in a human T lymphoid cell line , PEER , revealing that a single class of high-affinity binding sites for DHEA (dissociation constant = 7.4 +/- 0.53 nmol/L, mean +/- SE, n = 4) was greatly increased when treated with DHEA , phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate , and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.", "entity": [{"entity": "human T lymphoid cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [71, 97]}, {"entity": "PEER", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bound [3H] DHEA was displaced sensitively by DHEA and secondarily by dihydrotestosterone , but not effectively by other steroids , including DHEA sulfate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results not only indicate the existence of a DHEA receptor , but also suggest that T cells become susceptible to regulation by DHEA during the process of signal-induced activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ubiquitin-mediated processing of NF-kappa B transcriptional activator precursor p105 .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional activator precursor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 79]}, {"entity": "p105", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reconstitution of a cell-free system and identification of the ubiquitin-carrier protein , E2 , and a novel ubiquitin-protein ligase , E3 , involved in conjugation.", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitin-carrier protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 88]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin-protein ligase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 132]}, {"entity": "E3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most cases, the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B is a heterodimer consisting of two subunits, p50 and p65 , which are encoded by two distinct genes of the Rel family .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterodimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "Rel family", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "transcriptional factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p50 is translated as a precursor of 105 kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "105 kDa", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C-terminal domain of the precursor is rapidly degraded, forming the mature p50 subunit consisted of the N-terminal region of the molecule.", "entity": [{"entity": "mature p50 subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "N-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "C-terminal domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of generation of p50 is not known.", "entity": [{"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been suggested that the ubiquitin -proteasome system is involved in the process; however, the specific enzymes involved and the mechanism of limited proteolysis , in which half of the molecule is spared, have been obscure.", "entity": [{"entity": "enzymes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "-proteasome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palombella and colleagues (Palombella, V.J., Rando, O.J., Goldberg, A.L., and Maniatis, T.(1994) Cell 78, 773-785) have shown that ubiquitin is required for the processing in a cell-free system of a truncated, artificially constructed, 60-kDa precursor .", "entity": [{"entity": "60-kDa precursor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [236, 252]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also shown that proteasome inhibitors block the processing both in vitro and in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "proteasome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study, we demonstrate reconstitution of a cell-free processing system and demonstrate directly that: (a) the ubiquitin -proteasome system is involved in processing of the intact p105 precursor, (b) conjugation of ubiquitin to the precursor is an essential intermediate step in the processing, (c) the recently discovered novel species of the ubiquitin -carrier protein , E2-F1 , that is involved in the conjugation and degradation of p53 , is also required for the limited processing of the p105 precursor , and (d) a novel, approximately 320-kDa species of ubiquitin -protein ligase , is involved in the process.", "entity": [{"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [221, 230]}, {"entity": "p105 precursor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [186, 200]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [350, 359]}, {"entity": "E2-F1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [379, 384]}, {"entity": "-proteasome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin -carrier protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [350, 376]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [442, 445]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin -protein ligase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [566, 591]}, {"entity": "320-kDa species", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [547, 562]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [566, 575]}, {"entity": "p105", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel enzyme is distinct from E6-AP , the p53 -conjugating ligase , and from E3 alpha , the \"N-end rule\" ligase .", "entity": [{"entity": "\"N-end rule\" ligase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "E3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "E6-AP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "E3 alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "p53 -conjugating ligase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism : long-term clinical effects , endocrine changes , and androgen receptor behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term effects of treatment with low doses of flutamide on clinical and hormonal parameters , as well as on the androgen receptor status, in hirsute women .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN: Eighteen hirsute patients with regular menses were studied basally and during treatment with 125 mg flutamide , three times per day for 12 months.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barrier or intrauterine contraception was used during the study in sexually active women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety parameters were assessed throughout the study.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hirsutism , graded by the modified Ferriman-Gallwey score , and hormonal parameters were evaluated basally and at 4-month intervals during treatment.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and ACTH stimulation tests were performed before and after 3 to 4 months of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the concentration of androgen receptors in mononuclear leukocytes was measured, in both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle , basally and after 4 months of flutamide treatment.", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "mononuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [56, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS: Flutamide was well tolerated in all women , with the noticeable exception of one patient who presented increased serum transaminase after 8 months of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "therapy", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "serum transaminase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hirsutism markedly improved in all women during the treatment ( Ferriman-Gallwey score after 1 year: 4.1 +/- 0.5 versus 14.1 +/- 0.9).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reduction of serum androgens was found, whereas no change was observed in either basal or GnRH-stimulated gonadotropins or in the cortisol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cycles remained ovulatory.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before treatment, the number of androgen receptors was higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This rhythmic differentiation disappeared after the patients had been given the antiandrogen drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Flutamide is effective in the treatment of hirsutism but requires constant surveillance of liver function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen receptor blockade might be potentiated by a reduction of serum androgens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flutamide affects androgen receptor behavior during the menstrual cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meaning of this finding remains to be elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive expression of HIV-1 tat protein in human Jurkat T cells using a BK virus vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "human Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [48, 68]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 tat protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production and characterization of Jurkat cell lines that constitutively express functional human immune deficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) tat protein , using a BK virus plasmid expression vector and HIV-1 tat cDNA , is described.", "entity": [{"entity": "human immune deficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) tat protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 154]}, {"entity": "tat protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 tat cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [204, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increased growth rate of these Jurkat-tat cell lines as compared with control cell lines was observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat-tat cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "control cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A PEBP2 alpha/AML-1-related factor increases osteocalcin promoter activity through its binding to an osteoblast-specific cis-acting element .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEBP2 alpha/AML-1-related factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 34]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "osteoblast-specific cis-acting element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors , we initiated an analysis of the promoter of a mouse osteocalcin gene , an osteoblast-specific gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse osteocalcin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [125, 147]}, {"entity": "promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 51]}, {"entity": "trans-acting factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "osteoblast-specific gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this promoter, we identified two osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements (Ducy, P.and Karsenty, G.(1995) Mol.Cell.Biol.15, 1858-1869).", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoblast-specific cis-acting elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of one of these elements , OSE2 , is identical to the DNA-binding site of the PEBP2 alpha/AML-1 transcription factors , the mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Runt protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA-binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "mammalian homologues", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 157]}, {"entity": "OSE2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Drosophila Runt protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 188]}, {"entity": "PEBP2 alpha/AML-1 transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show, using nuclear extracts , recombinant protein , and a specific antiserum against AML-1 proteins in DNA-binding assays , that one member of this family, AML-1B , binds specifically to OSE2 and is immunologically related to OSF2 , the factor present in osteoblast nuclear extracts that binds to OSE2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML-1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "OSE2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [196, 200]}, {"entity": "OSE2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [306, 310]}, {"entity": "OSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 239]}, {"entity": "AML-1 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "recombinant protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By DNA cotransfection experiments , we also demonstrate that AML-1B can increase the activity of a short osteocalcin promoter through its binding to OSE2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteocalcin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 125]}, {"entity": "OSE2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "AML-1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly, the different mobilities of osteoblast nuclear extract-DNA complexes compared with T-cell nuclear extract-DNA complexes , along with the inability of OSF2 to be upregulated by retinoic acid , unlike the other PEBP2 alpha factors , suggest that OSF2 is a new member of this family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [291, 312]}, {"entity": "T-cell nuclear extract-DNA complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 127]}, {"entity": "OSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "osteoblast nuclear extract-DNA complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 76]}, {"entity": "PEBP2 alpha factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [217, 236]}, {"entity": "OSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [252, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, this study demonstrates that AML-1B can increase gene expression of an osteoblast-specific gene through its binding to an osteoblast-specific cis-acting element and presents evidence that OSF2 is a member of the PEBP2 alpha/AML-1 family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [246, 267]}, {"entity": "osteoblast-specific gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 101]}, {"entity": "PEBP2 alpha/AML-1 family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [218, 242]}, {"entity": "osteoblast-specific cis-acting element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 166]}, {"entity": "OSF2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "AML-1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initiation binding repressor , a factor that binds to the transcription initiation site of the histone h5 gene , is a glycosylated member of a family of cell growth regulators [corrected] [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biol 1996 Feb;16(2):735]", "entity": [{"entity": "cell growth regulators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 175]}, {"entity": "histone h5 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 87]}, {"entity": "Initiation binding repressor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "glycosylated member", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 137]}, {"entity": "histone h5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initiation binding repressor [corrected] ( IBR ) is a chicken erythrocyte factor (apparent molecular mass, 70 to 73 kDa) that binds to the sequences spanning the transcription initiation site of the histone h5 gene , repressing its transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken erythrocyte factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Initiation binding repressor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "histone h5 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [199, 214]}, {"entity": "histone h5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [199, 209]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [162, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of other cells, including transformed erythroid precursors , do not have IBR but a factor referred to as IBF (68 to 70 kDa) that recognizes the same IBR sites.", "entity": [{"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "transformed erythroid precursors", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [36, 68]}, {"entity": "IBF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have cloned the IBR cDNA and studied the relationship of IBR and IBF .", "entity": [{"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "IBR cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "IBF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IBR is a 503-amino-acid-long acidic protein which is 99.0% identical to the recently reported human NRF-1/alpha-Pal factor and highly related to the invertebrate transcription factors P3A2 and erected wing gene product ( EWG ).", "entity": [{"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "erected wing gene product", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 218]}, {"entity": "human NRF-1/alpha-Pal factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 122]}, {"entity": "EWG", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [221, 224]}, {"entity": "P3A2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "503-amino-acid-long acidic protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present evidence that IBR and IBF are most likely identical proteins, differing in their degree of glycosylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IBF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "IBR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed several molecular aspects of IBR/F and shown that the factor associates as stable homodimers and that the dimer is the relevant DNA-binding species .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "relevant DNA-binding species", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 164]}, {"entity": "IBR/F", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "homodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolutionarily conserved N-terminal half of IBR/F harbors the DNA-binding/dimerization domain (outer limits, 127 to 283), one or several casein kinase II sites (37 to 67), and a bipartite nuclear localization signal (89 to 106) which appears to be necessary for nuclear targeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA-binding/dimerization domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 97]}, {"entity": "N-terminal half", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "IBR/F", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "casein kinase II sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [141, 163]}, {"entity": "bipartite nuclear localization signal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding site selection revealed that the alternating RCGCRYGCGY consensus constitutes high-affinity IBR/F binding sites and that the direct-repeat palindrome TGCGCATGCGCA is the optimal site .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct-repeat palindrome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [133, 157]}, {"entity": "IBR/F", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "IBR/F binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 119]}, {"entity": "optimal site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "alternating RCGCRYGCGY consensus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A survey of genes potentially regulated by this family of factors primarily revealed genes involved in growth-related metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triggering of the human interleukin-6 gene by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in monocytic cells involves cooperation between interferon regulatory factor-1 , NF kappa B , and Sp1 transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 218]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 196]}, {"entity": "interferon regulatory factor-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the molecular basis of the synergistic induction by interferon-gamma ( IFN-gamma )/ tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in THP-1 monocytic cells , and compared it with the basis of this induction by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ).", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 127]}, {"entity": "THP-1 monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [180, 201]}, {"entity": "human interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 176]}, {"entity": "interferon-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional studies with IL-6 promoter demonstrated that three regions are the targets of the IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha action, whereas only one of these regions seemed to be implicated in LPS activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "IL-6 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three regions concerned are: 1) a region between -73 and -36, which is the minimal element inducible by LPS or TNF-alpha ; 2) an element located between -181 and -73, which appeared to regulate the response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha negatively; and 3) a distal element upstream of -224, which was inducible by IFN-gamma alone.", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "distal element upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [259, 282]}, {"entity": "minimal element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [228, 237]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 223]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [315, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS signaling was found to involve NF kappa B activation by the p50/p65 heterodimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "p50/p65 heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic induction of the IL-6 gene by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha , in monocytic cells , involved cooperation between the IRF-1 and NF kappa B p65 homodimers with concomitant removal of the negative effect of the retinoblastoma control element present in the IL-6 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-6 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B p65 homodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "retinoblastoma control element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [213, 243]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "IRF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "IL-6 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [259, 272]}, {"entity": "p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This removal occurred by activation of the constitutive Sp1 factor , whose increased binding activity and phosphorylation were mediated by IFN-gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "constitutive Sp1 factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 66]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of Jak3 in a patient with SCID : essential role of Jak3 in lymphoid development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Males with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency ( XSCID ) have defects in the common cytokine receptor gamma chain ( gamma c ) gene that encodes a shared, essential component of the receptors of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), IL-4 , IL-7 , IL-9 , and IL-15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-9", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [238, 242]}, {"entity": "gamma c", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 220]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [231, 235]}, {"entity": "IL-15", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [249, 254]}, {"entity": "cytokine receptor gamma chain ( gamma c ) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 136]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 213]}, {"entity": "cytokine receptor gamma chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 119]}, {"entity": "IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [224, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Janus family tyrosine kinase Jak3 is the only signaling molecule known to be associated with gamma c , so it was hypothesized that defects in Jak3 might cause an XSCID -like phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janus family tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "gamma c", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A girl with immunological features indistinguishable from those of XSCID was therefore selected for analysis.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV )-transformed cell line derived from her lymphocytes had normal gamma c expression but lacked Jak3 protein and had greatly diminished Jak3 messenger RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Jak3 messenger RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "gamma c", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV )-transformed cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 51]}, {"entity": "Jak3 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequencing revealed a different mutation on each allele: a single nucleotide insertion resulting in a frame shift and premature termination in the Jak3 JH4 domain and a nonsense mutation in the Jak3 JH2 domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "Jak3 JH4 domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of Jak3 expression correlated with impaired B cell signaling , as demonstrated by the inability of IL-4 to activate Stat6 in the EBV -transformed cell line from the patient. These observations indicate that the functions of gamma c are dependent on Jak3 and that Jak3 is essential for lymphoid development and signaling.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "gamma c", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [233, 240]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [258, 262]}, {"entity": "Stat6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "EBV -transformed cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [272, 276]}, {"entity": "IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive overexpression of the L-selectin gene in fresh leukemic cells of adult T-cell leukemia that can be transactivated by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 172]}, {"entity": "L-selectin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L-selectin is an adhesion molecule of the selectin family that mediates the initial step of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon cellular activation , expression of the L-selectin gene is downregulated at both the protein and mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the mechanism of leukemic cell infiltration into organs , we studied the expression and regulation of L-selectin mRNA in fresh leukemic cells of adult T-cell leukemia ( ATL ) patients and investigated the response of the L-selectin promoter to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) Tax , which is a viral transcriptional transactivator .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 245]}, {"entity": "leukemic cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [258, 311]}, {"entity": "viral transcriptional transactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [325, 361]}, {"entity": "L-selectin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [235, 254]}, {"entity": "L-selectin mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry showed that L-selectin was expressed on fresh ATL cells along with other activation antigens .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "activation antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "ATL cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis showed that ATL cells overexpressed that L-selectin mRNA and that the level was aberrantly upregulated after PMA stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATL cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "L-selectin mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies using in situ hybridization showed expression of the L-selectin mRNA in the infiltrating leukemic cells in the liver of two ATL patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "leukemic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous injection of a rat T-cell line that overexpresses L-selectin showed increased organ infiltration .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat T-cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of Tax expression in JPX9 cells resulted in about a twofold increase in the mRNA expression levels compared with the basal level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "JPX9 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) assay after transient cotransfection showed about a fivefold transactivation of the L-selectin promoter by Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum level of the shed form of L-selectin was significantly increased in ATL patients (mean +/- SD, 4,215.4 +/- 4,111 ng/mL) compared with those of asymptomatic carriers and healthy blood donors (mean +/- SD, 1,148.0 +/- 269.0 ng/mL and 991.9 +/- 224 ng/mL, respectively).", "entity": [{"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that ATL cells constitutively overexpress the L-selectin gene that can be transactivated by HTLV-1 Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "ATL cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "L-selectin gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overexpression of L-selectin , as well as of inflammatory cytokines , by ATL cells may provide a basis for ATL cells to attach the vascular endothelium , leading to transmigration and organ infitration .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATL cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "L-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "ATL cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "inflammatory cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human herpesvirus 6 variant A , but not variant B , infects EBV -positive B lymphoid cells , activating the latent EBV genome through a BZLF-1 -dependent mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "latent EBV genome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "BZLF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "EBV -positive B lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [60, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human herpesvirus 6 , a predominantly T lymphotropic virus , has been recently shown to infect some EBV -positive B cell lines , and to induce in them the activation of the EBV lytic cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBV -positive B cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [100, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have confirmed and extended such observations, showing that (1) this phenomenon is restricted to the variant A of HHV-6 : in fact two isolates belonging to the HHV-6 variant B ( BA92 and Z29 ) were neither able to infect any B cell line , independently of the EBV status , nor to induce the EBV genome expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "B cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [233, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only exception is represented by the P3HR1 cells , in which, however, the infection by the variant B does not determine induction of EBV antigens ; (2) the presence of the EBV genome contributes to the susceptibility of the B cell lines to HHV-6 infection , increasing the binding sites and the percentage of infectable cells , as detected by immunoelectron microscopy ; and (3) HHV-6 infected T cells , transfected with plasmids bearing the promoter regions of the EBV early genes BZLF1 and BMRF1 , show a strong transactivation of these promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [543, 552]}, {"entity": "EBV antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "P3HR1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "BZLF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [486, 491]}, {"entity": "plasmids", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [425, 433]}, {"entity": "infectable cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [313, 329]}, {"entity": "EBV genome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "promoter regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [446, 462]}, {"entity": "B cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [228, 240]}, {"entity": "BMRF1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [496, 501]}, {"entity": "HHV-6 infected T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [383, 405]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for normal vitamin D receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and genotype in absorptive hypercalciuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D receptor messenger ribonucleic acid", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [20, 65]}, {"entity": "vitamin D receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absorptive hypercalciuria (a stone-forming condition ) is characterized by gut hyperabsorption of calcium , hypercalciuria , and reduced bone density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inasmuch as these features implicate enhanced calcitriol action in gut and bone , we analyzed the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene to ascertain whether an abnormality of this gene marks patients with intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 129]}, {"entity": "vitamin D receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have compared the frequency of a restriction fragment length polymorphism ( Bsm I ) associated with different alleles of the VDR gene in a group of 33 well characterized absorptive hypercalciuric patients and a group of 36 normal race- and age-matched control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "restriction fragment length polymorphism", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 76]}, {"entity": "Bsm I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference between the distribution of the VDR alleles in the patient population when compared with the normal population .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coding region of VDR messenger RNA was also normal, as determined by both DNA sequence analysis and chemical mismatch cleavage analysis of copy DNA from 11 index absorptive hypercalciuric patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "VDR messenger RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these results, we propose that the enhanced intestinal calcium absorption invariably seen in absorptive hypercalciuria and attendant symptoms of this disorder are not attributable to mutations of the VDR and are not linked to a common VDR genotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR genotype", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [251, 263]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 219]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [251, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding the human C-type lectin leukocyte receptor AIM/CD69 and functional characterization of its tumor necrosis factor-alpha -responsive elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha -responsive elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [139, 187]}, {"entity": "AIM/CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "human C-type lectin leukocyte receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 90]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human activation antigen CD69 is a member of the C-type animal lectin superfamily that functions as a signal-transmitting receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "signal-transmitting receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 134]}, {"entity": "human activation antigen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "C-type animal lectin superfamily", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 85]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the expression of CD69 can be induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages with a wide variety of stimuli, in vivo it is mainly expressed by T- lymphocytes located in the inflammatory infiltrates of several human diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "T- lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the constitutive and inducible expression of CD69 by leukocytes , we isolated the promoter region of the CD69 gene and carried out its functional characterization .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "promoter region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the CD69 gene revealed the presence of a potential TATA element 30 base pairs upstream of the major transcription initiation site and several putative binding sequences for inducible transcription factors ( NF-kappa B , Egr-1 , AP-1 ), which might mediate the inducible expression of this gene.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [254, 264]}, {"entity": "TATA element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [230, 251]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [275, 279]}, {"entity": "30 base pairs upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 133]}, {"entity": "CD69 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "5'-flanking region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [147, 176]}, {"entity": "Egr-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [267, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient expression of CD69 promoter-based reporter gene constructs in K562 cells indicated that the proximal promoter region spanning positions -78 to +16 contained the cis-acting sequences necessary for basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate -inducible transcription of the CD69 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "CD69 promoter-based reporter gene constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 68]}, {"entity": "cis-acting sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [171, 191]}, {"entity": "proximal promoter region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 126]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [280, 284]}, {"entity": "CD69 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [280, 289]}, {"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "promoter region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of the upstream sequences located between positions -78 and -38 resulted in decreased promoter strength and abolished the response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) is capable of inducing the surface expression of the CD69 molecule as well as the promoter activity of fusion plasmids that contain 5'-flanking sequences of the CD69 gene, suggesting that this cytokine may regulate in vivo the expression of CD69 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 46]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [222, 226]}, {"entity": "CD69", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [302, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of 5' end of human thromboxane receptor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "5' end of human thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 61]}, {"entity": "human thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organizational analysis and mapping of protein kinase C--responsive elements regulating expression in platelets .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C--responsive elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [39, 76]}, {"entity": "platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet thromboxane receptors are acutely and reversibly upregulated after acute myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platelet thromboxane receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "Platelet", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if platelet thromboxane receptors are under transcriptional control , we isolated and characterized human genomic DNA clones containing the 5' flanking region of the thromboxane receptor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "5' flanking region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 171]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "human genomic DNA clones", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 137]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exon-intron structure of the 5' portion of the thromboxane receptor gene was determined initially by comparing the nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking genomic clone with that of a novel human uterine thromboxane receptor cDNA that extended the mRNA 141 bp further upstream than the previously identified human placental cDNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 71]}, {"entity": "5' portion", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "141 bp further upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [256, 279]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 227]}, {"entity": "previously identified human placental cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [289, 331]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 76]}, {"entity": "exon-intron structure", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "novel human uterine thromboxane receptor cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [187, 232]}, {"entity": "5' flanking genomic clone", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 171]}, {"entity": "nucleotide sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 138]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [251, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major transcription initiation site was located in three human tissues approximately 560 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon and 380 bp upstream from any previously identified transcription initiation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "380 bp upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "translation initiation codon", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 140]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [8, 37]}, {"entity": "560 bp upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [192, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thromboxane receptor gene has neither a TATA nor a CAAT consensus site .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAAT consensus site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "TATA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter function of the 5' flanking region of the thromboxane receptor gene was evaluated by transfection of thromboxane receptor gene promoter/ chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) chimera plasmids into platelet-like K562 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 71]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [51, 76]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 179]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 135]}, {"entity": "5' flanking region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene promoter/ chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) chimera plasmids", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 204]}, {"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [224, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thromboxane receptor promoter activity , as assessed by CAT expression , was relatively weak but was significantly enhanced by phorbol ester treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "receptor promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional analysis of 5' deletion constructs in transfected K562 cells and gel mobility shift localized the major phorbol ester -responsive motifs in the thromboxane receptor gene promoter to a cluster of activator protein-2 ( AP-2 ) binding consensus sites located approximately 1.8 kb 5' from the transcription initiation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [155, 180]}, {"entity": "AP-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [228, 232]}, {"entity": "activator protein-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [206, 225]}, {"entity": "activator protein-2 ( AP-2 ) binding consensus sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [206, 258]}, {"entity": "5' deletion constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 45]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 175]}, {"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [300, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies are the first to determine the structure and organization of the 5' end of the thromboxane receptor gene and demonstrate that thromboxane receptor gene expression can be regulated by activation of protein kinase C via induction of an AP-2 -like nuclear factor binding to upstream promoter elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "upstream promoter elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [285, 311]}, {"entity": "AP-2 -like nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 273]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 113]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 118]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [140, 165]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "AP-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 252]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [211, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings strongly suggest that the mechanism for previously described upregulation of platelet thromboxane receptors after acute myocardial infarction is increased thromboxane receptor gene transcription in platelet-progenitor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "thromboxane receptor gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [170, 195]}, {"entity": "platelet thromboxane receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 122]}, {"entity": "platelet-progenitor cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [213, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen receptor concentration and social factors as predictors of natural killer cell activity in early-stage breast cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confirmation of a model.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work of ours has demonstrated that a significant amount of natural killer (NK) activity variance after surgery in stage I and II breast cancer patients could be accounted for by both the estrogen receptor ( ER ) status of the tumor and by social factors , namely, perceived social support and seeking social support as a general coping strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 218]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As considerable evidence has accumulated that social support in both animal and human populations may have survival value, we sought to test the reliability of this regression model , using coping and perceived support factor values obtained at 3 months after surgery to account for concurrent follow-up NK activity in this serially assessed group of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the most significant variable predicting NK activity at follow-up was tumor ER concentration , with higher NK activity associated with ER -status .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, seeking social support as a coping strategy, as well as the perceived quality of support, also entered the model to account for a significant amount of NK activity variance (multivariate F = 5.25, p less than 0.001).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If, as the literature suggests, NK activity is relevant to breast cancer control , and since ER -tumors have a worse prognosis, we suggest here that perhaps such tumors are resistant to control by NK cells because they lack the ability to attract an accumulation of effector cells to the tumor site , or because blocking factors at the site of the tumor prevent local tumor control at the site of action.", "entity": [{"entity": "NK cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "effector cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [266, 280]}, {"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding related to social support also replicates results from an independent sample of breast cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding, taken together with other evidence that this social variable is associated with longer survival in breast cancer populations , underscores the potential importance of this social support variable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings also suggest one possible immunological variable involved , with potential clinical significance , for this patient population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solution structure of the sequence-specific HMG box of the lymphocyte transcriptional activator Sox-4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sox-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte transcriptional activator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 95]}, {"entity": "sequence-specific HMG box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [26, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two groups of HMG box proteins are distinguished.", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG box proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins in the first group contain multiple HMG boxes , are non-sequence-specific , and recognize structural features as found in cruciform DNA and cross-over DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "cruciform DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "HMG boxes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "cross-over DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [149, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundant chromosomal protein HMG-1 belongs to this subgroup.", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "chromosomal protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins in the second group carry a single HMG box with affinity for the minor groove of the heptamer motif AACAAAG or variations thereof.", "entity": [{"entity": "heptamer motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "minor groove", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "single HMG box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A solution structure for the non-sequence-specific C-terminal HMG box of HMG-1 has recently been proposed.", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "C-terminal HMG box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now, we report the solution structure of the sequence-specific HMG-box of the SRY-related protein Sox-4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sequence-specific HMG-box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 70]}, {"entity": "SRY-related protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "Sox-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR analysis demonstrated the presence of three alpha-helices ( Val10-Gln22 , Glu30-Leu41 and Phe50-Tyr65 ) connected by loop regions ( Ser23-Ala49 and Leu42-Pro49 ).", "entity": [{"entity": "Leu42-Pro49", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "Val10-Gln22", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "loop regions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "Phe50-Tyr65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Ser23-Ala49", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "Glu30-Leu41", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "alpha-helices", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helices I and II are positioned in an antiparallel mode and form one arm of the HMG box .", "entity": [{"entity": "antiparallel mode", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "HMG box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helix III is less rigid, makes an average angle of about 90 degrees with helices I and II , and constitutes the other arm of the molecule.", "entity": [{"entity": "Helix III", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in HMG1B , the overall structure of the Sox-4 HMG box is L-shaped and is maintained by a cluster of conserved, mainly aromatic residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "Sox-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "HMG box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor-IL6 activates the human IL-4 promoter in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "Nuclear factor-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "human IL-4 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive regulatory element I ( PRE-I ) is a strong enhancer element essential for expression of the human IL-4 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRE-I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Positive regulatory element I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "human IL-4 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "enhancer element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify transcription factors binding to PRE-I , we screened a cDNA expression library from Jurkat T cells and isolated a cDNA encoding nuclear factor (NF)-IL6 (also known as C/EBP beta ).", "entity": [{"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "C/EBP beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "(NF)-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "cDNA expression library", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "PRE-I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-IL6 mRNA was found in human Jurkat T cells and in the mouse Th2 clone D10 , but not in Th1 clone 29 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "D10", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "mouse Th2 clone", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Th1 clone 29", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rNF-IL6 expressed in bacteria was shown to specifically bind to PRE-I .", "entity": [{"entity": "rNF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "PRE-I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRE-I forms multiple DNA-protein complexes with nuclear extracts from Jurkat cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRE-I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "multiple DNA-protein complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these complexes were demonstrated to contain NF-IL6 by using anti- C/EBP beta Abs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "anti- C/EBP beta Abs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "C/EBP beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of NF-IL6 enhanced expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene linked to the PRE-I -thymidine kinase or the human IL-4 promoter more than 10-fold in Jurkat cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRE-I -thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 138]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 100]}, {"entity": "human IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "human IL-4 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [146, 165]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyl transferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 86]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [187, 199]}, {"entity": "PRE-I", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter deletion studies revealed two additional NF-IL6 binding sites located at positions -44 to -36 ( C/EBP proximal ) and -87 to -79 ( C/EBP medial ), respectively.", "entity": [{"entity": "C/EBP medial", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6 binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "C/EBP proximal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that NF-IL6 is involved in transcriptional activation of the human IL-4 promoter in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "human IL-4 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of an I kappa B alpha-associated protein kinase in a human monocytic cell line and determination of its phosphorylation sites on I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocytic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [68, 93]}, {"entity": "phosphorylation sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 140]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha-associated protein kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) is stored in the cytoplasm as an inactive form through interaction with I kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of cells leads to a rapid phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha , which is presumed to be important for the subsequent degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently reported the establishment of a lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )-dependent cell-free activation system of NF-kappa B in association with the induction of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study, we have identified a kinase in cell extracts from the LPS -stimulated human monocytic cell line , THP-1 , that specifically binds and phosphorylates I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 179]}, {"entity": "THP-1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "LPS -stimulated human monocytic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [69, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS stimulation transiently enhanced the I kappa B alpha -bound kinase activity in THP-1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "-bound kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "THP-1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analyses of I kappa B alpha and competition experiments with the synthetic peptides identified major phosphorylation sites by the bound kinase as Ser and Thr residues in the C-terminal acidic domain of I kappa B alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorylation sites", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 133]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [213, 222]}, {"entity": "C-terminal acidic domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [185, 209]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, we show that the peptide , corresponding to the C-terminal acidic domain of I kappa B alpha , blocked the LPS -induced NF-kappa B activation as well as inducible phosphorylation of endogenous I kappa B alpha in a cell-free system using THP-1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "THP-1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [246, 257]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "C-terminal acidic domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 82]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that the bound kinase is involved in the signaling pathway of LPS by inducing the phosphorylation of the C-terminal region of I kappa B alpha and subsequent dissociation of the NF-kappa B . I kappa B alpha complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 165]}, {"entity": "bound kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 229]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "I kappa B alpha complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 237]}, {"entity": "C-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bik , a novel death-inducing protein shares a distinct sequence motif with Bcl-2 family proteins and interacts with viral and cellular survival-promoting proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular survival-promoting proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 162]}, {"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2 family proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 96]}, {"entity": "death-inducing protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The survival-promoting activity of the Bcl-2 family of proteins appears to be modulated by interactions between various cellular proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bcl-2 family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "cellular proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified a novel cellular protein , Bik , that interacts with the cellular survival-promoting proteins , Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL , as well as the viral survival-promoting proteins , Epstein Barr virus -BHRF1 and adenovirus E1B-19 kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "Bcl-xL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "cellular protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Epstein Barr virus -BHRF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [185, 210]}, {"entity": "cellular survival-promoting proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 112]}, {"entity": "adenovirus E1B-19 kDa", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [215, 236]}, {"entity": "viral survival-promoting proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In transient transfection assays , Bik promotes cell death in a manner similar to the death-promoting members of the Bcl-2 family , Bax and Bak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bak", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "death-promoting members", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2 family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "Bax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This death-promoting activity of Bik can be suppressed by coexpression of Bcl-2 , Bcl-XL , EBV-BHRF1 and E1B-19 kDa proteins suggesting that Bik may be a common target for both cellular and viral anti-apoptotic proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bcl-XL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "EBV-BHRF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "E1B-19 kDa", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While Bik does not show overt homology to the BH1 and BH2 conserved domains characteristic of the Bcl-2 family , it does share a 9 amino acid domain ( BH3 ) with Bax and Bak which may be a critical determinant for the death-promoting activity of these proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "BH1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "BH3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "Bak", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "BH2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Bax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 165]}, {"entity": "Bik", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "Bcl-2 family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human TCF-1 gene encodes a nuclear DNA-binding protein uniquely expressed in normal and neoplastic T-lineage lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human TCF-1 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "nuclear DNA-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TCF-1 gene encodes a putative transcription factor with affinity for a sequence motif occurring in a number of T-cell enhancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "sequence motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "putative transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 54]}, {"entity": "T-cell enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCF-1 mRNA was originally found to be expressed in a T cell-specific fashion within a set of human and mouse cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "human and mouse cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "human", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "mouse cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, expression reportedly occurs in multiple nonlymphoid tissues during murine embryogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now raised a monoclonal antibody to document expression and biochemistry of the human TCF-1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "human TCF-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "monoclonal antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected, the TCF-1 protein was detectable only in cell lines of T lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "cell lines of T lineage", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [54, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its expression was always restricted to the nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry on a panel of human tissues revealed that the TCF-1 protein was found exclusively in thymocytes and in CD3+ T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "TCF-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "CD3+ T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blotting yielded a set of bands ranging from 25 kD to 55 kD, resulting from extensive alternative splicing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TCF-1 protein was detectable in all samples of a set of 22 T-cell malignancies of various stages of maturation, but was absent from a large number of other hematologic neoplasms .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "T-cell malignancies", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "hematologic neoplasms", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [160, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations imply a T cell-specific function for TCF-1 , a notion corroborated by recent observations on Tcf-1 knock-out mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, these results indicate that nuclear TCF-1 expression can serve as a pan-T-lineage marker in the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors activates HIV-1 long terminal repeat -driven transcription in human monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-1 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [46, 72]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevation of the levels of circulating immune complexes frequently accompanies HIV-1 infection and is a prognostic indicator of clinical progression from asymptomatic infection to AIDS .", "entity": [{"entity": "circulating immune complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that cross-linking of Fc gamma RI or Fc gamma RII by adherent human IgG or by specific anti-Fc gamma R mAb activates HIV-1 gene expression in the human monocytic cell line BF24 and increased HIV RNA expression in monocytes from HIV infected patients as assayed by reverse transcription-PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [228, 237]}, {"entity": "BF24", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [187, 191]}, {"entity": "anti-Fc gamma R mAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 121]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma RII", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "human monocytic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [161, 186]}, {"entity": "adherent human IgG", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "HIV RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma RI", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In THP-1 cells , Fc gamma R cross-linking induced NF-kappa B , which is known to bind to the regulatory region of the long terminal repeat ( LTR ) of HIV-1 and to activate HIV-1 transcription . Anti-TNF-alpha antibody but not anti-IL-1 beta antibody strongly inhibited both the induction of HIV-1 - LTR -driven transcription and the induction of NF-kappa B by Fc gamma R cross-linking .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "THP-1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "regulatory region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [346, 356]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [360, 370]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [118, 138]}, {"entity": "anti-IL-1 beta antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [226, 249]}, {"entity": "THP-1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [299, 302]}, {"entity": "Anti-TNF-alpha antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Fc gamma R can mediate a TNF-alpha -dependent induction of HIV-1 gene transcription and suggest that immune complexes may contribute to the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection by augmenting viral replication in monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [238, 247]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "immune complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signalling via CD28 of human naive neonatal T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human naive neonatal T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [23, 57]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accessory molecules play a crucial role in the development of the T cell response to antigenic challenge.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined the role of CD28 in modulating the ' naive' neonatal T cell response to anti-CD2 -mediated activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compare the role of CD28 , neonatal and adult T cells were stimulated with a pair of mitogenic anti-CD2 antibodies in the presence or absence of anti- CD28 MoAb .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "adult T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "neonatal", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "anti- CD28 MoAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 163]}, {"entity": "mitogenic anti-CD2 antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With anti-CD2 alone, neonatal T cells proliferated slightly but produced no detectable IL-2 , whereas adult T cells proliferated vigorously, with significant IL-2 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "neonatal T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costimulation with anti- CD28 MoAb greatly enhanced the proliferative response of neonatal T cells to levels equivalent to those of adult T cells , whereas adult T cells showed only slight increases.", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "adult T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "anti- CD28 MoAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "neonatal T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "adult T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although IL-2 secretion was increased in the presence of anti- CD28 MoAb , neonatal T cell IL-2 production remained lower than in adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "anti- CD28 MoAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "neonatal T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, enhancement of IL-2 mRNA expression in neonates was similar to adult levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti- CD28 MoAb costimulation increased NF kappa B levels in neonates , albeit to levels lower than that of adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "CD28 MoAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular mechanism governing the diminished proliferative response of neonatal T lymphocytes to anti-CD2 may therefore be due to decreased NF kappa B induction , reduced IL-2 mRNA expression and deficient IL-2 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "IL-2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 213]}, {"entity": "anti-CD2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "neonatal T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [74, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although anti- CD28 MoAb costimulation enhances all of the above signals, NF kappa B and IL-2 levels remain lower than in adults , suggesting the need for further activation requirements in the neonate .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "anti- CD28 MoAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCL1 oncogene activation in preleukemic T cells from a case of ataxia-telangiectasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "preleukemic T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TCL1 oncogene on human chromosome 14q32.1 is involved in chromosome translocations [ t(14;14)(q11;q32.1) and t(7;14)(q35;q32.1) ] and inversions [ inv14(q11;q32.1) ] with TCR alpha/beta loci in T-cell leukemias , such as T-prolymphocytic ( T-PLL ).", "entity": [{"entity": "14q32.1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha/beta loci", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [175, 194]}, {"entity": "t(14;14)(q11;q32.1)", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [89, 108]}, {"entity": "TCL1 oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "human chromosome", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "t(7;14)(q35;q32.1)", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 131]}, {"entity": "inv14(q11;q32.1)", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [151, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also involved in T- acute and- chronic leukemias arising in cases of ataxia-telangiectasia ( AT ), an immunodeficiency syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar chromosomal rearrangements occur also in the clonally expanded T cells in AT patients before the appearance of the overt leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the expression of TCL1 mRNA and protein in peripheral blood lymphocytes ( PBLs ) from four AT cases and from healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBLs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [60, 88]}, {"entity": "TCL1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the TCL1 gene was overexpressed in the PBLs of an AT patient with a large clonal T-cell population exhibiting the t(14;14) translocation but not in the lymphocytes of the other cases.", "entity": [{"entity": "PBLs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": "large clonal T-cell population", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [82, 112]}, {"entity": "TCL1 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization of the TCL1 genomic locus to lymphocyte metaphases from the AT patient with the T-cell clonal expansion showed that the breakpoint of the t(14;14) translocation lies within the TCL1 locus and is accompanied by an inverted duplication of the distal part of chromosome 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "inverted duplication", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [248, 268]}, {"entity": "distal part", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [276, 287]}, {"entity": "chromosome 14", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [291, 304]}, {"entity": "TCL1 locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [212, 222]}, {"entity": "TCL1 genomic locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that TCL1 is activated in preleukemic clonal cells as a consequence of chromosome translocation involving sequences from the TCR locus at 14q11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "TCL1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "preleukemic clonal cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [46, 70]}, {"entity": "14q11", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deregulation of TCL1 is the first event in the initiation of malignancy in these types of leukemias and represents a potential tool for clinical evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCL1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C/EBP proteins activate transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in macrophages/ monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three binding sites for C/EBP proteins are found in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) long terminal repeat ( LTR ) (V.M. Tesmer, A.Rajadhyaksha, J.Babin, and M.Bina, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 90:7298-7302, 1993).", "entity": [{"entity": "C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 122]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have determined the functional role of C/EBP proteins and C/EBP sites in regulating transcription from the HIV- 1 LTR in monocytes /macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "monocytes /macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "C/EBP sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "HIV- 1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of endogenous C/EBP proteins , using either an excess of C/EBP binding sites or a trans- dominant negative inhibitor , demonstrated that C/EBP proteins are required for basal and activated levels of HIV-1 LTR transcription in the promonocytic cell line U937 .", "entity": [{"entity": "promonocytic cell line U937", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [241, 268]}, {"entity": "C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "C/EBP binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "trans- dominant negative inhibitor", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 127]}, {"entity": "endogenous C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 39]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [210, 219]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [216, 219]}, {"entity": "C/EBP proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern (RNA) blots and binding assays showed that NF-IL6 is the only known C/EBP family member which is increased when U937 cells are activated.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "C/EBP family member", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analyses of the HIV-1 LTR showed that one C/EBP site is required for normal LTR transcription both before and after cellular activation and that the two 3' C/EBP sites are functionally equivalent.", "entity": [{"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "C/EBP sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "C/EBP site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, transcription from crippled HIV-1 LTRs lacking C/EBP sites can still be induced following activation of U937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "C/EBP sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "crippled HIV-1 LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several models are suggested for how elevated NF-IL6 may participate in an autostimulatory loop involving HIV infection , macrophage activation , cytokine expression , and HIV replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "NF-IL6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human immunodeficiency virus type-2 gene expression : two enhancers and their activation by T-cell activators .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "T-cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human immunodeficiency viruses ( HIVs ) may include a spectrum of retroviruses with varying potential to infect their host, undergo long periods of latent infection , and induce pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since expression of the viruses is in large part regulated by the sequence elements in their long terminal repeats ( LTRs ), this study was directed to an analysis of the regulatory elements in the HIV-2 LTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [171, 190]}, {"entity": "HIV-2 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "long terminal repeats", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [93, 114]}, {"entity": "sequence elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HIV-2 LTR was found to contain two enhancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-2 LTR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these enhancers is, in part, identical to the HIV-1 enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "enhancers", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enhancer in HIV-1 is the T-cell activation response element ; in HIV-2 , however, it is the second enhancer that is mainly responsible for activation in response to T-cell activators .", "entity": [{"entity": "second enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "T-cell activation response element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 64]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second enhancer interacts with two nuclear binding proteins (85 kD and 27 kD mobility) that appear to be required for optimal enhancer function and activation.", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "nuclear binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observations such as these encourage the speculation that there may be subtle differences in the regulation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 expression that may be relevant to the possible longer latency and reduced pathogenicity of HIV-2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-M ( chicken C/EBP beta ) induces eosinophilic differentiation and apoptosis in a hematopoietic progenitor cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic progenitor cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [84, 118]}, {"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "chicken C/EBP beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAAT/enhancer binding proteins ( C/EBPs ) are transcriptional activators implicated in the differentiation processes of various cell lineages.", "entity": [{"entity": "CAAT/enhancer binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "C/EBPs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "CAAT/enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown earlier that NF-M , the chicken homolog of C/EBP beta , is specifically expressed in myelomonocytic and eosinophilic cells of the hematopoietic system.", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken homolog", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "C/EBP beta", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the role of NF-M in hematopoietic cell lineage commitment, we constructed a conditional form of the protein by fusing it to the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic cell lineage", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [35, 61]}, {"entity": "human estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 196]}, {"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "hormone binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This construct was stably expressed in a multipotent progenitor cell line transformed by the Myb-Ets oncoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "multipotent progenitor cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [41, 73]}, {"entity": "Myb-Ets oncoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that both NF-M -dependent promoter constructs and resident genes could be activated by addition of beta-estradiol to the NF-M -estrogen receptor expressing progenitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-M -estrogen receptor expressing progenitors", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [136, 182]}, {"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "NF-M -estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 159]}, {"entity": "NF-M -dependent promoter constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time, we observed a down-regulation of progenitor-specific surface markers and the up-regulation of differentiation markers restricted to the eosinophil and myeloid lineages .", "entity": [{"entity": "eosinophil", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "myeloid lineages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "differentiation markers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 135]}, {"entity": "progenitor-specific surface markers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the onset of differentiation , cell death was induced with typical apoptotic features.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that NF-M plays an important role in commitment along the eosinophil lineage and in the induction of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "eosinophil lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [78, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin and interleukin-2 receptors in T lymphocytes signal through a MGF-STAT5-like transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "MGF-STAT5-like transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 107]}, {"entity": "Prolactin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2 receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell surface receptors for PRL and interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) are structurally distinct, but share regulatory tasks in T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can stimulate proliferation and activate transcription of over-lapping sets of genes of T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRL and IL-2 receptor activation are both linked to the Jak/Stat ( signal transducer and activator of transcription ) pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Jak/Stat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "signal transducer and activator of transcription", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the ability of PRL and IL-2 to activate Stat proteins in different T cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA binding specificities, the reactivities toward Stat-specific antisera , and the mol wt of IL-2 -and PRL -induced DNA-binding proteins in Nb2 and C196 T cell lines were investigated.", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "PRL -induced DNA-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 141]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison with the Stat proteins induced by interferon-gamma , PRL , and IL-6 in T47D mammary tumor cells was made.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "Stat proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "interferon-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "T47D mammary tumor cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that these parameters were indistinguishable for one of the PRL- and IL-2- induced factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transcription factor closely related to mammary gland factor-Stat5 is rapidly activated upon interaction of IL-2 and PRL with their respective receptors.", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "mammary gland factor-Stat5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of a second protein related to Stat1 was also observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results emphasize the role of PRL as a regulator of the immune response and indicate that the Stat factors mammary gland factor-Stat5 and Stat1 play a role in the regulation of gene expression during T cell development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "mammary gland factor-Stat5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 137]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETS1 transactivates the human GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "human GM-CSF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of T helper cells results in coordinate expression of a number of cytokines involved in differentiation , proliferation and activation of the haematopoietic system .", "entity": [{"entity": "T helper cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) is one such cytokine whose increased expression results partly from increases in transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 48]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cis-acting elements with NF kappa B , AP-1 and ETS-like motifs have been identified in the promoter region of the GM-CSF gene , which are important for transcriptional activity following PMA and ionomycin stimulation.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "Cis-acting elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "ETS-like motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of the ETS family of transcription factors are expressed in T cells , including ETS1 and ELF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "ELF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the ability of these factors to interact with a site ( GM5 ), located within the CLE0 element , -47 to -40 upstream of the GM-CSF transcription initiation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM5", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "-47 to -40 upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 132]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [140, 176]}, {"entity": "CLE0 element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous ETS1 , but not ELF1 , can transactivate GM-CSF , through the GM5 site, in a PMA / ionomycin dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM5", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "ELF1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other unidentified ETS-like factors present in Jurkat cells are also capable of binding GM5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "GM5", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "ETS-like factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the core ETS binding site from -GGAA- to -GGAT- prevents the binding of ETS-like factors with the exception of ETS1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS-like factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "-GGAA- to -GGAT-", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "ETS binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GM-CSF promoter , modified in this way to be ETS1 specific , is fully responsive to PMA / ionomycin induction, in addition to ETS1 transactivation in the presence of PMA and ionomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these data suggest that ETS1 may be involved in mediating the increased GM-CSF production associated with T cell activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitation of beta 1 triiodothyronine receptor mRNA in human tissues by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta 1 triiodothyronine receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 48]}, {"entity": "beta 1 triiodothyronine receptor mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [16, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid hormones act by binding to nuclear receptor proteins , the thyroid hormone receptors ( TR ) alpha and beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear receptor proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 60]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 92]}, {"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [95, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from cell culture and animal studies indicate that TR expression may be regulated to modulate target organ responsiveness to thyroid hormone .", "entity": [{"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate whether such adaptive changes in TR expression occur in humans, we determined the mRNA levels of the hTR beta 1 in various thyroid states .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with overt hypo -or hyper thyroidism were enrolled in the study.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and hTR beta 1 mRNA levels determined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "Total RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [28, 62]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For comparison, hTR beta 1 mRNA levels were determined in lymphocytes and normal thyroid tissue of euthyroid patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human TR beta 1 mRNA levels in lymphocytes were 1.8 +/- 0.4, 1.9 +/- 0.5, 1.1 +/- 0.4 10(-18) mol/microgram RNA in hypo -, eu -and hyper thyroid patients , respectively, corresponding to an estimated 0.5 -2 molecules per cell.", "entity": [{"entity": "Human TR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Human TR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the mean hTR beta 1 mRNA levels were 40% lower in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid subjects, this difference did not reach statistical significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar levels of hTR beta 1 mRNA levels were detected in thyroid gland from euthyroid patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary, we developed an assay for the quantitative determination of hTR beta 1 mRNA levels in small human tissue samples , containing as little as 50 ng of total RNA.", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolute hTR beta 1 mRNA levels are very low with an estimated one molecule of mRNA being present in a mononuclear blood cell or thyrocyte .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "mononuclear blood cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [103, 125]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "thyrocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No up-regulation of hTR beta 1 was seen in hypothyroid relative to euthyroid patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, there is a non-significant trend towards a down-regulation of hTR beta 1 mRNA levels in hyperthyroid patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hTR beta 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "hTR beta 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple proteins interact with the nuclear inhibitory protein repressor element in the human interleukin-3 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear inhibitory protein repressor element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 80]}, {"entity": "human interleukin-3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [88, 116]}, {"entity": "proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T cell expression of interleukin 3 ( IL-3 ) is directed by positive and negative cis-acting DNA elements clustered within 300 base pairs of the transcriptional start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "transcriptional start site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 170]}, {"entity": "IL-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A strong repressor element , termed nuclear inhibitory protein ( NIP ), was previously mapped to a segment of the IL-3 promoter between nucleotides -271 and -250 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotides -271 and -250", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [136, 161]}, {"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "IL-3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "repressor element", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "nuclear inhibitory protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional characterization of this element demonstrates that it can mediate repression when linked in cis to a heterologous promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterologous promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA binding experiments were carried out to characterize the repressor activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using varying conditions, three distinct complexes were shown to interact specifically with the NIP region , although only one correlates with repressor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIP region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex 1 results from binding of a ubiquitous polypeptide that recognizes the 3' portion of this sequence and is not required for repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Complex 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "3' portion", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex 2 corresponds to binding of transcription factor ( upstream stimulatory factor ) to an E-box motif in the 5' portion of the NIP region .", "entity": [{"entity": "E-box motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "Complex 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "upstream stimulatory factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 86]}, {"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 135]}, {"entity": "NIP region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "5' portion", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA binding specificity of complex 3 overlaps with that of upstream stimulatory factor but is clearly distinct.", "entity": [{"entity": "upstream stimulatory factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine which of the latter two complexes represents NIP activity , we incorporated small alterations into the NIP site of an IL-3 promoter -linked reporter construct and examined their effects on NIP -mediated repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "NIP site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "NIP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 205]}, {"entity": "IL-3 promoter -linked reporter construct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 171]}, {"entity": "IL-3 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional specificity for repression matches the DNA binding specificity of complex 3 ; both repressor activity and complex 3 binding require the consensus sequence CTCACNTNC .", "entity": [{"entity": "complex 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "complex 3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "consensus sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1 is downregulated in human multiple myeloma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietic transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "human multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [64, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PU.1 is a hematopoietic transcription factor belonging to the Ets-family .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hematopoietic transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [10, 44]}, {"entity": "Ets-family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is identical to the Spi-1 oncogene , which is implicated in spleen focus-forming virus-induced murine erythroleukemias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spi-1 oncogene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PU.1 seems to be required for early development of multiple hematopoietic lineages , but its expression in mature cells is preferentially observed in cells of the B-cell-and monocyte/macrophage- differentiation lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "B-cell-and monocyte/macrophage- differentiation lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [163, 218]}, {"entity": "multiple hematopoietic lineages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [51, 82]}, {"entity": "mature cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It binds the so-called Pu box , an important tissue-specific regulatory DNA element present in a number of genes expressed in these cell lineages .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue-specific regulatory DNA element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 83]}, {"entity": "cell lineages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "Pu box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the expression and activity of PU.1 during human B-cell development using a panel of B-cell lines representing different stages of maturation, from early precursors to differentiated plasma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "B-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "early precursors", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [165, 181]}, {"entity": "differentiated plasma cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [185, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PU.1 mRNA expression and PU.1 DNA binding activity , as measured by Northern blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay , respectively, were evident in cell lines representing pro-B , pre-B , and mature B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "PU.1 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We could also show Pu box -dependent transactivation of a reporter gene in transient transfections in these cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Pu box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, in a number of multiple myeloma cell lines , representing differentiated, plasma cell-like B cells , PU.1 DNA binding activity , mRNA expression , and Pu box -dependent transactivation were absent or detectable at a very low level.", "entity": [{"entity": "multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "Pu box", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "differentiated, plasma cell-like B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [71, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lymphoblastoid cell lines , which exemplify an intermediate stage of B-cell differentiation , a reduced expression and activity were observed.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblastoid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings in the human multiple myeloma cell lines represent the first examples of B cells with downregulated PU.1 expression and apparently contradict observations in the murine system in which PU.1 is expressed and active in plasmacytoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [198, 202]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [26, 53]}, {"entity": "human multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [20, 53]}, {"entity": "plasmacytoma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [230, 253]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present, it is unclear whether the lack of PU.1 expression and activity in human multiple myeloma cell lines represents a malignancy-associated defect in these cells or exemplifies a normal developmental regulation in terminally differentiated B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "terminally differentiated B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [221, 254]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [84, 111]}, {"entity": "human multiple myeloma cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [78, 111]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [247, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and E-selectin expression in endothelial cells by cyclosporin A and the T-cell transcription factor NFAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "E-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "T-cell transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 162]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFAT ) was originally described as a T-cell-specific transcription factor athat supported the activation of cytokine gene expression and mediated the immunoregulatory effects of cyclosporin A ( CsA ).", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 111]}, {"entity": "immunoregulatory", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 204]}, {"entity": "Nuclear factor of activated T cells", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we observed that activated endothelial cells also expressed NFAT , we tested the antiinflammatory properties of CsA in endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "activated endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [20, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly, CsA completely suppressed the induction of NFAT in endothelial cells and inhibited the activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) gene regulatory elements that use NFAT by 60%.", "entity": [{"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) gene regulatory elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 198]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [208, 212]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CsA similarly mediated a reduction of up to 65% in GM-CSF mRNA and protein expression in activated endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "activated endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [89, 116]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CsA also suppressed E-selectin , but not vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) expression in endothelial cells, even though the E-selectin promoter is activated by NF-kappa B rather than NFAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "E-selectin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "E-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "VCAM-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "E-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [171, 181]}, {"entity": "vascular cell adhesion molecule-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence, induction of cell surface expression of this leukocyte adhesion molecule by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was reduced by 40% in the presence of CsA , and this was reflected by a 29% decrease in neutrophil adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophil", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 116]}, {"entity": "leukocyte adhesion molecule", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of CsA on endothelial cells were also detected at the chromatin structure level , as DNasel hypersensitive sites within both the GM-CSF enhancer and the E-selectin promoter were suppressed by CsA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNasel hypersensitive sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 124]}, {"entity": "E-selectin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "E-selectin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "DNasel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This represents the first report of NFAT in endothelial cells and suggests mechanisms by which CsA could function as an antiinflammatory agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costimulation requirement for AP-1 and NF-kappa B transcription factor activation in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional activity of the IL-2 promoter requires T-cell costimulation delivered by the TCR and the auxiliary receptor CD28 .", "entity": [{"entity": "auxiliary receptor CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 132]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "T-cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several transcription factors participate in IL-2 promoter activation , among which are AP-1 -like factors and NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1 -like factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 29]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein phosphorylation has an important role in the regulation of these two factors: (1) it induces the transactivating capacity of the AP-1 protein c-Jun ; and (2) it is involved in the release of the cytoplasmic inhibitor , I kappa B , from NF-kappa B , allowing translocation of the latter into the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [227, 236]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [244, 254]}, {"entity": "cytoplasmic inhibitor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently shown that both phosphorylation processes require T-cell costimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, in activated T cells , the kinetics of the two phosphorylation events are essentially similar.", "entity": [{"entity": "activated T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to our results, however, the kinases responsible for the two processes are distinct entities.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas TPCK inhibits phosphorylation of I kappa B and, consequently, activation of NF-kappa B , it markedly enhances the activity of JNK , the MAP kinase-related kinase that phosphorylates the transactivation domain of c-Jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [220, 225]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase-related kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 169]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "TPCK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "transactivation domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 216]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We, therefore, propose the activation scheme presented in FIGURE 3 for T-cell costimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costimulation results in the activation of a signaling pathway that leads to the simultaneous induction of the two transcription factors , AP-1 and NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integration of the signals generated by TCR and CD28 engagement occurs along this pathway, which then bifurcates to induce I kappa B phosphorylation and NF-kappa B activation on the one hand, and JNK activation and c-Jun phosphorylation on the other.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are currently engaged in defining where the two signals integrate along the AP-1 / NF-kappa B pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytokine gene expression in myeloid cells by NF-kappa B /Rel transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B /Rel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD4+ macrophages in tissues such as lung , skin , and lymph nodes , promyelocytic cells in bone marrow , and peripheral blood monocytes serve as important targets and reservoirs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral blood monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [109, 135]}, {"entity": "promyelocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "CD4+ macrophages", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV-1 -infected myeloid cells are often diminished in their ability to participate in chemotaxis , phagocytosis , and intracellular killing .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells can lead to the expression of surface receptors associated with cellular activation and/or differentiation that increase the responsiveness of these cells to cytokines secreted by neighboring cells as well as to bacteria or other pathogens.", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [191, 200]}, {"entity": "surface receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of HIV-1 replication is related in part to increased DNA-binding activity of cellular transcription factors such as NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellular transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 119]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 119]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF-kappa B binds to the HIV-1 enhancer region of the long terminal repeat and contributes to the inducibility of HIV-1 gene expression in response to multiple activating agents.", "entity": [{"entity": "long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation and degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor I kappa B alpha are crucial regulatory events in the activation of NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "cytoplasmic inhibitor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both N- and C- terminal residues of I kappa B alpha are required for inducer-mediated degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells leads to constitutive NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity and provides an intranuclear environment capable of perpetuating HIV-1 replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased intracellular stores of latent NF-kappa B may also result in rapid inducibility of NF-kappa B -dependent cytokine gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "latent NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to secondary pathogenic infections or antigenic challenge, cytokine gene expression is rapidly induced, enhanced, and sustained over prolonged periods in HIV-1 -infected myeloid cells compared with uninfected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 -infected myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [166, 195]}, {"entity": "uninfected cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [210, 226]}, {"entity": "myeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [182, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated levels of several inflammatory cytokines have been detected in the sera of HIV-1 -infected individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammatory cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretion of myeloid cell-derived cytokines may both increase virus production and contribute to AIDS-associated disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid cell-derived cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 43]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroid mediated lysis of lymphoblasts requires the DNA binding region of the steroid hormone receptor.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoids kill certain types of lymphoblasts , but the mechanisms are unknown.", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is clear that sufficient numbers of functional glucocorticoid receptors are required to mediate lysis, but whether they do so through the classical model of steroid hormone activation and modulation of gene expression has not been established.", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we have asked which region(s) of the steroid receptor are important for mediating lysis in leukemic T lymphoblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "leukemic T lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [106, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CEM-ICR 27 leukemic lymphoblasts , a clone of CEM cells which lack functional glucocorticoid receptors and therefore are neither lysed by dexamethasone nor capable of showing glutamine synthetase induction , were provided with steroid receptors by DNA transfections of various receptor gene constructs.", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine synthetase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [175, 195]}, {"entity": "CEM-ICR 27 leukemic lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "steroid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [227, 244]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 102]}, {"entity": "lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "CEM cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured steroid mediated lysis , receptor number and induction of glutamine synthetase in the transfected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transfected cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [98, 115]}, {"entity": "glutamine synthetase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide evidence that the lysis mechanism in the ICR27 lymphoblasts is restored when functional receptor number is restored.", "entity": [{"entity": "ICR27 lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA binding region specifying high affinity for GRE sites is required.", "entity": [{"entity": "GRE sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "DNA binding region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysis is mediated by any steroid that allows for activation of the receptor containing such a region.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data support the view that steroid -mediated cell death occurs by a process requiring direct interaction of steroid -receptor complexes with the genome.", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid -receptor complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional characterization of the murine homolog of the B cell-specific coactivator BOB.1/OBF.1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "B cell-specific coactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 84]}, {"entity": "murine homolog", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B cell-specific transcriptional promoter activity mediated by the octamer motif requires the Oct1 or Oct2 protein and additional B cell-restricted cofactors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct2 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Oct1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "octamer motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "B cell-restricted cofactors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One such cofactor , BOB.1/OBF.1 , was recently isolated from human B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "cofactor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, we describe the isolation and detailed characterization of the murine homolog .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine homolog", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full-length cDNAs and genomic clones were isolated, and the gene structure was determined. Comparison of the deduced amino acids shows 88% sequence identity between mouse and human BOB.1/OBF.1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "genomic clones", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "cDNAs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NH2-terminal 126 amino acids of BOB.1/OBF.1 are both essential and sufficient for interaction with the POU domains of either Oct1 or Oct2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "NH2-terminal 126 amino acids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "POU domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Oct1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This protein-protein interaction does not require the simultaneous binding of Oct proteins to DNA, and high resolution footprinting of the Oct -DNA interaction reveals that binding of BOB.1/OBF.1 to Oct1 or Oct2 does not alter the interaction with DNA.", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "Oct proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Oct", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "Oct2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [207, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOB.1/OBF.1 can efficiently activate octamer-dependent promoters in fibroblasts ; however, it fails to stimulate octamer-dependent enhancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "octamer-dependent enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [113, 139]}, {"entity": "fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fusion of subdomains of BOB.1/OBF.1 with the GAL4 DNA binding domain reveals that both NH2- and COOH- terminal domains of BOB.1/OBF.1 contribute to full transactivation function, the COOH-terminal domain is more efficient in this transactivation assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "GAL4 DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 68]}, {"entity": "COOH-terminal domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [183, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the failure of full-length BOB.1/OBF.1 to stimulate octamer-dependent enhancer elements in non B cells , the GAL4 fusions likewise only stimulate from a promoter-proximal position .", "entity": [{"entity": "full-length BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "non B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "octamer-dependent enhancer elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 103]}, {"entity": "GAL4 fusions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "BOB.1/OBF.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti-immunoglobulin M activates nuclear calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in human B lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 86]}, {"entity": "human B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "Anti-immunoglobulin M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We and others have previously shown that the nuclear protein , Ets-1 , is phosphorylated in a calcium-dependent manner after ligation of immunoglobulin (Ig) M on B lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin (Ig) M", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 158]}, {"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "nuclear protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As this phosphorylation was independent of protein kinase C activity , we tested whether a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ( CaM kinase ) might phosphorylate the Ets-1 protein after elevation of intracellular free calcium concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaM kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 134]}, {"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "Ets-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dephosphorylated form of Ets-1 has been shown to bind to chromatin , suggesting that the operative kinase should be detectable in the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "operative kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 109]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prepared nuclear extracts from two human B cell lines in which increased intracellular free calcium levels correlated with increased phosphorylation of the Ets-1 protein.", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "human B cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity of the CaM kinases was determined using a synthetic peptide substrate both in the absence and presence of an inhibitor specific for the CaM kinase family , KN-62 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaM kinase family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 162]}, {"entity": "CaM kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "CaM kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of cells with anti-IgM led to increased activity of a nuclear kinase that could phosphorylate the peptide, and this activity was reduced by 10 microM KN-62 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "anti-IgM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinase activity was reduced in lysates preadsorbed using an antibody specific for CaM kinase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "CaM kinase II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two-dimensional phosphopeptide maps of the Ets-1 protein from cells incubated with ionomycin or anti-IgM contained two unique phosphopeptides that were absent in untreated cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "anti-IgM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of isolated Ets-1 protein with purified CaM kinase II produced phosphorylation of peptides that migrated identically to those found in cells incubated with either anti-IgM or ionomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-IgM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 182]}, {"entity": "CaM kinase II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "isolated Ets-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest a model of signal transduction by the antigen receptor on B lymphocytes in which increased intracellular free calcium can rapidly activate nuclear CaM kinase II , potentially resulting in phosphorylation and regulation of DNA-binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [241, 261]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "nuclear CaM kinase II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 179]}, {"entity": "antigen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activation and repression , two properties of the lymphoid-specific transcription factor Oct-2a .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lymphoid-specific transcription factor Oct-2a contains two transcriptional activation domains which are located within the N-terminal and C-terminal regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-terminal regions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 160]}, {"entity": "transcriptional activation domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 97]}, {"entity": "lymphoid-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 42]}, {"entity": "N-terminal", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study their differential activation properties , we linked the isolated effector domains to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL4 DNA-binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "differential activation properties", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 49]}, {"entity": "effector domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that both activating regions of Oct-2a , isolated from their natural context, can activate transcription as promoter factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "promoter factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the C-terminus , activation by the N-terminal domain is dependent on a yet unidentified factor(s) binding to the simian virus 40 enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-terminal domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "C-terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "simian virus 40 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained by duplication of activation domains or their mixed combination suggest that the domains are functionally independent.", "entity": [{"entity": "activation domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, activation from a remote position could only be achieved with the C-terminus of Oct-2a in B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "B cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "C-terminus", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lymphoid cells , higher activation levels were observed, suggesting that distinct B-cell-specific cofactors in concert with the effector domains of Oct-2a might be involved in mediating transcription from proximal and remote positions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "effector domains", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 147]}, {"entity": "B-cell-specific cofactors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 110]}, {"entity": "lymphoid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we identified a repression domain at the N-terminus of Oct-2a .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When transferred to a potent activator , transcriptional stimulation was inhibited efficiently.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results underscore the modular structure of Oct-2a with separable domains for activation and repression and suggest that Oct-2a might have complex regulatory functions in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Oct-2a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonopsonic phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes requires the presence of the bacterial flagellum .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "polymorphonuclear leukocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the mechanism of nonopsonic phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been described, the bacterial ligands required are poorly understood.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify the requisite bacterial ligands , studies with isogenic mutants of P. aeruginosa PAK lacking pili , flagella , and the RpoN sigma factor were undertaken.", "entity": [{"entity": "RpoN sigma factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RpoN mutant , lacking pili , flagella , and nonpilus adhesins , bound poorly and was resistant to ingestion by both macrophages and neutrophils .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonpilus adhesins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pili were not absolutely required for binding or phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of a flagellum was not required for binding of P. aeruginosa to macrophages but was critical for the subsequent internalization of the bacterium , suggesting that this factor or a surface ligand associated with its assembly was responsible for stimulation of nonopsonic phagocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of essential GATA and Ets binding motifs within the promoter of the platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [83, 118]}, {"entity": "GATA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Ets binding motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet glycoprotein ( GP ) Ib-IX-V is a multisubunit adhesion receptor that supports platelet attachment to thrombogenic surfaces at sites of vascular injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "multisubunit adhesion receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 72]}, {"entity": "Ib-IX-V", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Platelet glycoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The congenital absence of the receptor results in a bleeding disorder associated with \"giant\" platelets , a condition linking the expression of the complex to platelet morphogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "\"giant\" platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [86, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand better the expression of the GP Ib-IX-V complex , studies were undertaken to define the essential genetic elements supporting the expression of the alpha-subunit of the complex ( GP Ib alpha ).", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha-subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "GP Ib-IX-V complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "GP Ib alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "genetic elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "Ib-IX-V", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GP Ib alpha promoter activity was evaluated by transfection of human erythroleukemia cells with reporter plasmids coding for the enzyme , luciferase .", "entity": [{"entity": "enzyme", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "human erythroleukemia cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [63, 90]}, {"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "GP Ib alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies were initiated with a fragment extending 2,738 nucleotides 5' to the transcription start site and lead to the identification of 253 nucleotides retaining full promoter activity in human erythroleukemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription start site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [77, 101]}, {"entity": "human erythroleukemia cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [188, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cells of nonhematopoietic lineage , human endothelial and HeLa cells , the GP Ib alpha promoter activity was no greater than background levels obtained with promoterless constructs .", "entity": [{"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "promoterless constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [160, 183]}, {"entity": "GP Ib alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "nonhematopoietic lineage", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "GP Ib alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "HeLa cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "human endothelial", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gel shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis studies defined essential GATA and Ets binding motifs 93 and 150 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site , a finding which further substantiates these elements as important determinants of megakaryocytic gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "Ets binding motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "transcription start site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "93 and 150 nucleotides upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [101, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results define essential cis-acting elements responsible for the expression of GP Ib alpha and provide insights into molecular events coinciding with the release of normal platelets into the bloodstream .", "entity": [{"entity": "GP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "normal platelets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "cis-acting elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "GP Ib alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD30 ligation induces nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human T cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 44]}, {"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "human T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD30 is a recently described member of the tumor necrosis factor /nerve growth factor receptor superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor /nerve growth factor receptor superfamily", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 106]}, {"entity": "/nerve growth factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 85]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report, we show that following incubation of L540 cells ( Hodgkin's disease -derived, T cell-like, CD30 + cells ) with the agonistic anti- CD30 monoclonal antibodies ( mAb ) M44 and M67 , two nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B DNA binding activities were induced in nuclear extracts , as determined in gel retardation assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hodgkin's disease -derived, T cell-like, CD30 + cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [66, 119]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 227]}, {"entity": "M44", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "L540 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "M67", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "mAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "agonistic anti- CD30 monoclonal antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 173]}, {"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the mAb towards NF-kappa B activation was rapid, as it occurred within 20 min, and was sustained for up to 6 h.", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "mAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparison, an isotype-matched antibody had no effect on NF-kappa B activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "isotype-matched antibody", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover, in human T helper (Th) clones functionally characterized as being of the type 0, type 1 and type 2 (28%, < 1% und 93% CD30+, respectively), the extent of CD30 -mediated NF-kappa B activation correlated with the proportion of CD30+ cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T helper (Th) clones", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [13, 39]}, {"entity": "CD30+ cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [235, 246]}, {"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 132]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cell lines investigated, the NF-kappa B complexes induced following CD30 engagement were shown to contain p50 NF-kappa B1 , p65 RelA , and possibly other transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "p65 RelA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "p50 NF-kappa B1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively, our results demonstrate that nuclear translocation and activation of NF-kappa B rank among the short-term cellular responses elicited following CD30 ligation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD30", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earliest lesion in the development of an atherosclerotic plaque is the fatty streak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This chronic inflammatory reaction results from a sequence of events that begins with the trapping of low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) in the subendothelial space of the artery wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trapped LDL is seeded with oxidative species released by the overlying endothelium , and lipid oxidation is initiated within the LDL particle. Some of the lipids that result lead to the activation of NFkB-like transcription factors that cause the expression of genes whose protein products mediate monocyte binding , monocyte chemotaxis into the subendothelial space , and conversion into macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFkB-like transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [204, 235]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [214, 235]}, {"entity": "monocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [302, 310]}, {"entity": "protein products", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [277, 293]}, {"entity": "macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [393, 404]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least 1 major gene modulates the oxidation of LDL lipids and/or the biologic response to these lipids.", "entity": [{"entity": "major gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inverse relation between high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) and atherosclerotic events may in part be due to enzymes associated with HDL that destroy the biologically active lipids generated in LDL .", "entity": [{"entity": "enzymes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vernal keratoconjunctivitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE: Sex-related influences have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis ( VKC ), an allergic eosinophilic disease.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS: The authors evaluated tarsal and bulbar conjunctival biopsies from seven patients with severe and symptomatic VKC for the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors by using monoclonal antibodies with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "monoclonal antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 209]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [156, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS: Both the epithelium and subepithelium of the tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva of patients with VKC , but not those of four nonatopic control subjects , showed intense positive staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [208, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescence colocalization of both estrogen and progesterone receptors with eosinophil cationic protein showed that approximately 70% of positive cells were eosinophils .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "eosinophil cationic protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 110]}, {"entity": "positive cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 77]}, {"entity": "eosinophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [164, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Sexual hormones , through their receptors , may influence the activity of eosinophils in patients with VKC .", "entity": [{"entity": "receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "eosinophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIITA activates the expression of MHC class II genes in mouse T cells.", "entity": [{"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "MHC class II genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has long been a puzzle that MHC class II molecules are expressed in human T cells after activation but not in mouse T cells ; this expression is believed to play a role in the cell mediated immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "MHC class II molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "mouse T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently the MHC class II transactivator ( CIITA ) has been reported to be a major regulatory factor for both the constitutive and IFN inducible expression of MHC class II genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "MHC class II transactivator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 40]}, {"entity": "major regulatory factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 100]}, {"entity": "MHC class II genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that human T cells expressing MHC class II have CIITA transcripts while MHC class II-negative human T cells and mouse T cells do not.", "entity": [{"entity": "human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "mouse T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of MHC class II genes in mouse T cells can be reconstituted upon transfection with the human CIITA cDNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "MHC class II genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "mouse T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "human CIITA cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [102, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that the expression of CIITA explains the expression or lack of expression of MHC class II in human and mouse T cells respectively.", "entity": [{"entity": "MHC class II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "human", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "mouse T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti-Ro(SSA) autoantibodies are associated with T cell receptor beta genes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell receptor beta genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [48, 74]}, {"entity": "Anti-Ro(SSA) autoantibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus have been associated with specific autoantibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "autoantibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Associations between HLA class II antigens and autoantibodies to the ribonucleoproteins Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) have been reported in these patients.", "entity": [{"entity": "ribonucleoproteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "autoantibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "HLA class II antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "La(SSB)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because HLA class II molecules present antigen to T cell receptors ( TCRs ), we have searched for a TCR gene associated with the production of anti- Ro(SSA) antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "TCR gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "anti- Ro(SSA) antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 167]}, {"entity": "TCRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "HLA class II molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "T cell receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pair of restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLPs ), one of which hybridizes to the TCR constant region C beta 1 and the other to the C beta 2 gene , has been identified, suggesting these may be genotypic markers for an extended region of the TCR beta locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR constant region C beta 1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [94, 122]}, {"entity": "C beta 2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "restriction fragment length polymorphisms", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [10, 51]}, {"entity": "RFLPs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "TCR beta locus", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [253, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This RFLP pair occurs in 76% of patients with Ro(SSA) precipitins, 84% of anti- Ro(SSA) -positive patients lacking La(SSB) precipitins , but only 41% of the patients lacking both precipitins (P = 0.0004).", "entity": [{"entity": "precipitins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "precipitins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "La(SSB)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "RFLP pair", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This disproportionate occurrence in a subset of lupus patients indicates that these RFLPs are not disease susceptibility markers, but rather are important markers for TCR genes whose products are involved in the production of anti- Ro(SSA) antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [167, 176]}, {"entity": "RFLPs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "anti- Ro(SSA) antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [226, 250]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [232, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of patients who have these RFLPs and HLA class II antigens previously associated with the anti- Ro(SSA) response make this antibody, suggesting that interactions between products of these loci occur in response to Ro(SSA) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFLPs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Ro(SSA)", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [227, 234]}, {"entity": "HLA class II antigens", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "loci occur", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [201, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of NF-AT -dependent transcription by NF-kappa B : implications for differential gene expression in T helper cell subsets .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "T helper cell subsets", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 131]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of individual CD4+ T cells results in differential lymphokine expression : interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) is preferentially produced by T helper type 1 (TH1) cells , which are involved in cell-mediated immune responses, whereas IL-4 is synthesized by TH2 cells , which are essential for humoral immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [231, 235]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "T helper type 1 (TH1) cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [139, 166]}, {"entity": "TH2 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [254, 263]}, {"entity": "lymphokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "CD4+ T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ca(2+) -dependent factor NF-ATp plays a key role in the inducible transcription of both these lymphokine genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphokine genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+) -dependent factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "NF-ATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However, while IL2 expression requires the contribution of Ca(2+)- and protein kinase C -dependent signals , we report that activation of human IL4 transcription through the Ca(2+)-dependent pathway is diminished by protein kinase C stimulation in Jurkat T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human IL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "IL2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 232]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [248, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon is due to mutually exclusive binding of NF-ATp and NF-kappa B to the P sequence , an element located 69 bp upstream of the IL4 transcription initiation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "NF-ATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "P sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "69 bp upstream", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "IL4 transcription initiation site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [139, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human IL4 promoter -mediated transcription is downregulated in Jurkat cells stimulated with the NF-kappa B -activating cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and suppressed in RelA -overexpressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B -activating cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 127]}, {"entity": "Human IL4 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 155]}, {"entity": "RelA -overexpressing cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [174, 200]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "RelA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, protein kinase C stimulation or RelA overexpression does not affect the activity of a human IL4 promoter containing a mouse P sequence , which is a higher-affinity site for NF-ATp and a lower-affinity site for RelA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-ATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "RelA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "mouse P sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 147]}, {"entity": "lower-affinity site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [199, 218]}, {"entity": "higher-affinity site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 181]}, {"entity": "human IL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "human IL4 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "P sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "RelA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [223, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus, competition between two general transcriptional activators , RelA and NF-ATp , mediates the inhibitory effect of protein kinase C stimulation on IL4 expression and may contribute to differential gene expression in TH cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "IL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "RelA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "transcriptional activators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 64]}, {"entity": "NF-ATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "TH cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [220, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of the balance of cytokine production and the signal transducer and activator of transcription ( STAT ) transcription factor activity by cytokines and inflammatory synovial fluids.", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The balance between type 1 and 2 T helper cell cytokine production plays an important role in several animal models of autoimmunity, and skewed patterns of cytokine expression have been described in human inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many cytokines activate signal transducer and activation of transcription ( STAT ) transcription factors , which, in turn, activate transcription of inflammatory effector genes.", "entity": [{"entity": "signal transducer and activation of transcription ( STAT ) transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 104]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used mononuclear cell priming cultures and inflammatory synovial fluids ( SFs ) derived from arthritis patients to examine the regulation of cytokine production and STAT activity by an inflammatory synovial microenvironment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "mononuclear cell priming cultures", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [8, 41]}, {"entity": "inflammatory synovial fluids", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [46, 74]}, {"entity": "SFs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to SFs during priming resulted in an 81% inhibition of interferon (IFN)-gamma , but not interleukin (IL) 4 , production by effector cells generated in priming cultures.", "entity": [{"entity": "SFs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "interleukin (IL) 4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "effector cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [132, 146]}, {"entity": "interferon (IFN)-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SF suppression was mediated by IL-4 and IL-10 and inhibition of IL-12 expression , and it was reversed in a dominant fashion by exogenous IL-12.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "IL-10", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "IL-12", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SFs blocked the sustained activity of transcription factor Stat1 , but not Stat3 , during the priming period, and Stat1 activity was differentially regulated by cytokines in parallel with their positive or negative regulation of IFN-gamma production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [229, 238]}, {"entity": "transcription factor Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 64]}, {"entity": "SFs", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active Stat3 , but not Stat1 , was detected in cells from inflamed joints .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest a role for altered balance of Stat1 and Stat3 transcriptional activity in the regulation of T cell differentiation and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory synovitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triggering of complement receptors CR1 ( CD35 ) and CR3 ( CD11b/CD18 ) induces nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B ( p50/p65 ) in human monocytes and enhances viral replication in HIV-infected monocytic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD11b/CD18", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "CD35", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "p50/p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "HIV-infected monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [180, 208]}, {"entity": "complement receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 34]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [130, 145]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monocyte/macrophages may harbor HIV in a nonproductive fashion for prolonged periods of time.", "entity": [{"entity": "Monocyte/macrophages", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral gene expression may be reactivated by stimulation of the cells with LPS or cytokines such as TNF-alpha in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of LPS and TNF-alpha is mediated by their ability to induce nuclear translocation of the DNA-binding heterodimer NF-kappa B ( p50/p65 ), which binds to a specific sequence in the HIV-long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding heterodimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 123]}, {"entity": "HIV-long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [190, 214]}, {"entity": "p50/p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study demonstrates that triggering of complement receptors CR1 ( CD35 ) and CR3 ( CD11b/CD18 ) enhances viral replication in HIV-infected human monocytic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD11b/CD18", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "complement receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "CD35", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "HIV-infected human monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [137, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monocytic cell lines and normal peripheral blood monocytes were infected with HIV-1 in vitro and cultured in the presence or absence of F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal anti- CR1 or anti- CR3 Abs or with C3 fragments .", "entity": [{"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "C3 fragments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 215]}, {"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "F(ab')2 fragments", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "monoclonal anti- CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 177]}, {"entity": "Monocytic cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "anti- CR3 Abs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [181, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of CR1 or CR3 induces a two- to fourfold increase in the amount of cell-associated and released p24 Ag in cell cultures that was equivalent to that observed in control cultures triggered with LPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "p24 Ag", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "control cultures", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "cell cultures", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further observed that stimulation of CR1 or CR3 induces the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B p50/p65 in infected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "infected cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "p50/p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Translocation of NF-kappa B p50/p65 was also observed following stimulation of CR1 or CR3 of uninfected peripheral blood monocytes from HIV-seronegative donors .", "entity": [{"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "p50/p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "CR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "uninfected peripheral blood monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [93, 130]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of protein translocated was similar to that observed when cells were stimulated with rhTNF-alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhTNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF-alpha did not mediate the translocation of NF-kappa B p50/p65 induced by triggering of complement receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "complement receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "p50/p65", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together, these observations suggest that HIV gene expression may be activated in infected monocytes through interaction of the cells with complement-opsonized particles and that enhanced viral replication is associated with C3 receptor -mediated nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa B complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "complement-opsonized particles", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 175]}, {"entity": "C3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [231, 242]}, {"entity": "infected monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [282, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuation of gamma interferon -induced tyrosine phosphorylation in mononuclear phagocytes infected with Leishmania donovani : selective inhibition of signaling through Janus kinases and Stat1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mononuclear phagocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "Janus kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 183]}, {"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of gene transcription in response to gamma interferon is impaired in mononuclear phagocytes infected with Leishmania donovani , and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood.", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "mononuclear phagocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [83, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in gene expression brought about by gamma interferon are thought to involve transient increases in the activities of cellular protein tyrosine kinases , including the Janus kinases Jak1 and Jak2 , leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor Stat1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "Janus kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "transcription factor Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [252, 278]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [193, 197]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [273, 278]}, {"entity": "cellular protein tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [129, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the mechanisms accounting for the impaired responses to gamma interferon , a model system for examining overall changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation , activation of Jak1 and Jak2 and phosphorylation of Stat1 was developed in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate -differentiated U-937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 191]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [224, 229]}, {"entity": "phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate -differentiated U-937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [247, 306]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of whole-cell lysates by antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting showed that incubation with gamma interferon brought about specific increases in phosphotyrosine labeling of several proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased labeling of these proteins occurred to similar extents in control cells and in cells that had been infected with L. donovani for 16 h.", "entity": [{"entity": "control cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jak1 , Jak2 , and Stat1 were immunoprecipitated from control and interferon-treated cells , and tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins, detected by antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting was used to measured their activation.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "interferon-treated cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [65, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 , Jak2 , and Stat1 increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner, in U-937 cells incubated with gamma interferon .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "U-937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, in cells infected with L. donovani , tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 , Jak2 , and Stat1 was markedly impaired.", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was dependent upon the duration of exposure to L. donovani and was maximal and complete at 16 h.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results similar to those observed with U-937 cells were also obtained with human peripheral blood monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "U-937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "human peripheral blood monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [75, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that infection of human mononuclear phagocytes with L. donovani leads to impaired gamma interferon -mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and selective effects on the Jak- Stat1 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "human mononuclear phagocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [42, 70]}, {"entity": "Stat1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unresponsiveness to gamma interferon for activation of this pathway may explain impaired transcriptional responses in leishmania-infected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma interferon", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "leishmania-infected cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [118, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutually exclusive interaction of a novel matrix attachment region binding protein and the NF-muNR enhancer repressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "matrix attachment region binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 82]}, {"entity": "NF-muNR enhancer repressor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implications for regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH ) intronic enhancer stimulates transcription from functional promoters in B lymphocytes but not other cell types.", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin heavy chain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "IgH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observation that binding sites for the nuclear factor-mu negative regulator ( NF-muNR ) enhancer repressor overlap nuclear matrix attachment regions ( MARs ) in this enhancer has lead to the hypothesis that the cell type specificity of the enhancer might be controlled by regulating nuclear matrix attachment (Scheuermann, R. H., and Chen, U. (1989) Genes & Dev. 3, 1255-1266).", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-muNR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "MARs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor-mu negative regulator", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 79]}, {"entity": "nuclear matrix attachment regions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 152]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor-mu negative regulator ( NF-muNR ) enhancer repressor overlap nuclear matrix attachment regions", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 152]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the role of MARs in IgH enhancer regulation , we have identified a novel MAR-binding protein , MAR-BP1 , from soluble nuclear matrix preparations based on its ability to bind to the MARs associated with the IgH enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "MARs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "MARs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [196, 200]}, {"entity": "MAR-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [221, 233]}, {"entity": "MAR-BP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "IgH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [221, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified MAR-BP1 migrates as a 33-kDa protein , and it can be found in nuclear matrix preparations from a number of different types of lymphoid cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "33-kDa protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "MAR-BP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although specific binding sites have been difficult to localize by chemical or enzymatic footprinting procedures , NF-muNR binding sites are critical for efficient MAR-BP1 binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-muNR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "MAR-BP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed, binding of the IgH enhancer to either intact nuclear matrix preparations or to MAR-BP1 is mutually exclusive to NF-muNR binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "MAR-BP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "NF-muNR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are consistent with a model for cell-type specific regulation in which binding of the NF-muNR repressor to the IgH enhancer prevents nuclear matrix attachment in inappropriate cells by interfering with MAR-BP1 /enhancer interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "/enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "IgH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "NF-muNR repressor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "MAR-BP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 223]}, {"entity": "IgH enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "NF-muNR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PU.1 ( Spi-1 ) and C/EBP alpha regulate expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 126]}, {"entity": "C/EBP alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 115]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Spi-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth factor receptors play an important role in hematopoiesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth factor receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to further understand the mechanisms directing the expression of these key regulators of hematopoiesis , we initiated a study investigating the transcription factors activating the expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) receptor alpha gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 174]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [259, 265]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [208, 256]}, {"entity": "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) receptor alpha gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [208, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, we demonstrate that the human GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter directs reporter gene activity in a tissue-specific fashion in myelomonocytic cells , which correlates with its expression pattern as analyzed by reverse transcription PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "myelomonocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "human GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 66]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "reporter gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter contains an important functional site between positions -53 and -41 as identified by deletion analysis of reporter constructs .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "reporter constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [141, 160]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the myeloid and B cell transcription factor PU.1 binds specifically to this site.", "entity": [{"entity": "B cell transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 56]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we demonstrate that a CCAAT site located upstream of the PU.1 site between positions -70 and -54 is involved in positive-negative regulation of the GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "PU.1 site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [161, 191]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [161, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C/EBP alpha is the major CCAAT/enhancer -binding protein ( C/EBP ) form binding to this site in nuclear extracts of U937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT/enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "C/EBP alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "CCAAT/enhancer -binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 56]}, {"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "C/EBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Point mutations of either the PU.1 site or the C/EBP site that abolish the binding of the respective factors result in a significant decrease of GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter activity in myelomonocytic cells only.", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1 site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 166]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [145, 175]}, {"entity": "myelomonocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [188, 208]}, {"entity": "C/EBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "C/EBP site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we demonstrate that in myeloid and B cell extracts , PU.1 forms a novel, specific, more slowly migrating complex ( PU-SF ) when binding the GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter PU.1 site .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 174]}, {"entity": "PU.1 site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "PU-SF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [153, 183]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first demonstration of a specific interaction with PU.1 on a myeloid PU.1 binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "myeloid PU.1 binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 98]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel complex is distinct from that described previously as binding to B cell enhancer sites and can be formed by addition of PU.1 to extracts from certain nonmyeloid cell types which do not express PU.1 , including T cells and epithelial cells , but not from erythroid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "B cell enhancer sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [75, 96]}, {"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [264, 279]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 207]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [220, 227]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [232, 248]}, {"entity": "nonmyeloid cell types", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [160, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PU-SF complex binds to PU.1 sites found on a number of myeloid promoters , and its formation requires an intact PU.1 site adjacent to a single-stranded region.", "entity": [{"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "PU-SF complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "myeloid promoters", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "PU.1 site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "PU-SF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of PU.1 in nonmyeloid cells can activate the GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonmyeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [56, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of the amino-terminal region of PU.1 results in a failure to form the PU-SF complex and in a concomitant loss of transactivation, suggesting that formation of the PU-SF complex is of functional importance for the activity of the GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [238, 244]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [238, 268]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "PU-SF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "amino-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "PU-SF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "PU-SF complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally, we demonstrate that C/EBP alpha can also active the GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter in nonmyeloid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 91]}, {"entity": "C/EBP alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 82]}, {"entity": "C/EBP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "nonmyeloid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "GM-CSF", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HMG-I binds to GATA motifs : implications for an HPFH syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "GATA motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined binding of the nuclear protein HMG-I to the human gamma-globin promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "nuclear protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "human gamma-globin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that HMG-I binds preferentially to the more 3' of a pair of GATA motifs in the gamma-globin promoter ; this paired motif is bound by the erythroid factor GATA-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 168]}, {"entity": "erythroid factor GATA-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [145, 168]}, {"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "GATA motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "gamma-globin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A naturally occurring mutation (-175 T-C) in the area bound by HMG-I results in overexpression of gamma-globin in adult red blood cells ( HPFH ) and up-regulation of the gamma-globin promoter in in vitro expression assays ; HMG-I does not bind to this mutant sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "gamma-globin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [224, 229]}, {"entity": "adult red blood cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "gamma-globin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "mutant sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [252, 267]}, {"entity": "gamma-globin promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [170, 191]}, {"entity": "HPFH", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A survey of GATA motifs from other globin cis-elements demonstrates HMG-I binding to most of them.", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "GATA motifs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "globin cis-elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings implicate HMG-I in the HPFH phenotype ; we speculate that it may participate in the formation of multiprotein complexes that regulate globin gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG-I", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "HPFH", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "multiprotein complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive activation of different Jak tyrosine kinases in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) tax protein or virus-transformed cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human T cell leukemia virus type 1 ( HTLV-1 ) tax protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 118]}, {"entity": "Jak tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "virus-transformed cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [122, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HTLV-1 infection causes an adult T cell leukemia in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The viral encoded protein tax , is thought to play an important role in oncogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "viral encoded protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous data obtained from a tax transgenic mouse model revealed that tax transforms mouse fibroblasts but not thymocytes , despite comparable levels of tax expression in both tissues.", "entity": [{"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "mouse fibroblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of a 130-kD protein (s) was observed in the tax transformed fibroblast B line and in HTLV-1 transformed human lymphoid lines , but not in thymocytes from Thy-tax transgenic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "HTLV-1 transformed human lymphoid lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [123, 162]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "transformed fibroblast B line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [86, 115]}, {"entity": "130-kD protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis with a set of Jak kinase specific antibodies , identified p130 as Jak2 in the tax transformed mouse fibroblastic cell line and Jak3 in HTLV-1 transformed human T cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jak kinase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "Jak kinase specific antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 114]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [197, 201]}, {"entity": "mouse fibroblastic cell line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [164, 192]}, {"entity": "HTLV-1 transformed human T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [205, 242]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of Jak2 in tax transformed cells resulted from high expression of IL-6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tax transformed cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "tax", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "Jak2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyrosine phosphorylation of this protein could also be induced in Balb/c3T3 cells using a supernatant from the B line , which was associated with induction of cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "B line", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "Balb/c3T3 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both phosphorylation and proliferation were inhibited by IL-6 neutralizing antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-6 neutralizing antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 85]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive phosphorylation of Jak kinases may facilitate tumor growth in both HTLV-1 infected human T cells and the transgenic mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTLV-1 infected human T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [80, 109]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Jak kinases", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of c-jun mRNA expression by hydroxyurea in human K562 cells during erythroid differentiation [published erratum appears in Biochim Biophys Acta 1995 Dec 27;1264(3):409]", "entity": [{"entity": "human K562 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "c-jun mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxyurea ( HU ) is an antitumor agent which also induces hemoglobinization during erythroid differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, HU stimulates the synthesis of fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal hemoglobin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further understand its mechanism of action, we investigated the effects of HU on regulation of c-jun expression prior to the onset of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "K562 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HU induced a dose-dependent stimulation of c-jun synthesis.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of c-jun mRNA was elevated 4 to 7.5-fold by HU within 2 h.", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by a gradual decline to the basal level by 24 h.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both nuclear run-on and actinomycin D pulse experiments strongly indicate that HU regulates c-jun mRNA expression by increasing the rate of synthesis as well as stabilizing the c-jun mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "c-jun mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [177, 187]}, {"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, the level of jun protein was elevated by 2 to 5-fold within 4 h in HU treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HU treated cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "jun protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, concentrations of HU below 250 microM slightly increased the 5X AP-1 /CAT activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "/CAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results strongly suggest that HU induces both transcriptional and post-transcription regulation of c-jun during erythroid differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-jun", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo and in vitro effects of glucocorticoids on lymphocyte proliferation in man : relationship to glucocorticoid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interrelations between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system ( HPA ) and the immune system represent a well-documented biological phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While in vitro administration of glucocorticoids may inhibit concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- induced T-cell proliferation , pokeweed mitogen ( PWM )-driven B-cell mitogenesis is relatively resistant to glucocorticoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "pokeweed mitogen", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 162]}, {"entity": "PWM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further explore the link between the HPA and the immune system in relation to glucocorticoid receptor function , dose-response curves were obtained for Con A -and PHA -induced T-cell mitogenesis , PWM -generated B-cell mitogenesis and spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in 13 healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "PWM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 203]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid effects were assessed in vivo by depletion of endogenous glucocorticoids after oral administration of 1.5 g metyrapone ( MET ) and subsequent glucocorticoid replacement , and in vitro by incubation of the cells with different doses of dexamethasone ( DEX ).", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant decrease in PWM -induced B-cell mitogenesis and a more pronounced effect of DEX administered in vitro on spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation after MET treatment when compared with the DEX plus MET pretreated condition in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "PWM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the inhibition of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation by glucocorticoids in vitro is related to glucocorticoid receptor function .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease in PWM -generated B-cell proliferation following cortisol depletion by MET may be seen in connection with impaired glucocorticoid -mediated induction of interleukin-1 receptor synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "interleukin-1 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription specific differences visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization pattern on interphase nuclei of different cell types.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of a \"formamide free\" and thus \"material preserving\" in situ hybridization technique using the cDNA of the myf3 gene revealed the following results: Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells , characterized by a high expression of myf3 show intensive hybridization signals in their interphase .", "entity": [{"entity": "cDNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "myf3", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [161, 189]}, {"entity": "myf3 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNase treatment prior to hybridization considerably reduces the size of this signals.", "entity": [{"entity": "RNase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison, isolated nuclei of human lymphocytes in which no need for the expression of this gene exists, show barely hybridization signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondingly, RNase treatment had no effect on hybridization pattern at all.", "entity": [{"entity": "RNase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion an increased transcription efficiency of a cell type specific gene is accompanied by a higher hybridization accessibility in the corresponding cell nuclei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oncogenicity of human papillomavirus- or adenovirus- transformed cells correlates with resistance to lysis by natural killer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "natural killer cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [110, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reasons for the dissimilar oncogenicities of human adenoviruses and human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) in humans are unknown but may relate to differences in the capacities of the E1A and E7 proteins to target cells for rejection by the host natural killer (NK) cell response .", "entity": [{"entity": "host natural killer (NK) cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [237, 266]}, {"entity": "E7 proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "target cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [203, 215]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As one test of this hypothesis, we compared the abilities of E1A -and E7 -expressing human fibroblastic or keratinocyte-derived human cells to be selectively killed by either unstimulated or interferon (IFN)-activated NK cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "interferon (IFN)-activated NK cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [191, 226]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "unstimulated", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [175, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells expressing the E1A oncoprotein were selectively killed by unstimulated NK cells , while the same parental cells but expressing the HPV type 16 ( HPV-16 ) or HPV-18 E7 oncoprotein were resistant to NK cell lysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "unstimulated NK cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 172]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "parental cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "E7 oncoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 184]}, {"entity": "E1A oncoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of IFN-activated NK cells to selectively kill virally transformed cells depends on IFN 's ability to induce resistance to NK cell lysis in normal (i.e., non-viral oncogene-expressing ) but not virally transformed cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-viral oncogene-expressing", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [165, 194]}, {"entity": "virally transformed cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [58, 83]}, {"entity": "IFN-activated NK cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E1A blocked IFN 's induction of cytolytic resistance , resulting in the selective lysis of adenovirus-transformed cells by IFN -activated NK cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "adenovirus-transformed cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [91, 119]}, {"entity": "IFN -activated NK cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [123, 146]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of IFN -induced NK cell killing of E1A -expressing cells was proportional to the level of E1A expression and correlated with the ability of E1A to block IFN -stimulated gene expression in target cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "E1A -expressing cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "target cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [199, 211]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, E7 blocked neither IFN -stimulated gene expression nor IFN 's induction of cytolytic resistance , thereby precluding the selective lysis of HPV -transformed cells by IFN -activated NK cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN -activated NK cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [179, 202]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "HPV -transformed cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [153, 175]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion, E1A expression marks cells for destruction by the host NK cell response , whereas the E7 oncoprotein lacks this activity.", "entity": [{"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "E7 oncoprotein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "NK cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of IkB alpha phosphorylation by PKC- and Ca(2+)- dependent signal transduction pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ca(2+) -dependent phosphatase calcineurin , a target of FK506 and CsA , synergizes with PKC -induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B in T cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 146]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "Ca(2+) -dependent phosphatase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 33]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated whether this synergy is present in other cell types and the mechanism(s) by which these two pathways lead to NF-kappa B activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While this synergy is present in other cell types, in the monocytic cell line U937 calcineurin is also sufficient to activate NF-kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "monocytic cell line U937", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [58, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having previously shown that Ca(2+)- and PKC- dependent pathways synergize by accelerating the degradation of IkB alpha , we focused on the regulation of IkB alpha phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While PKC -dependent pathways sequentially result in the phosphorylation and in an incomplete degradation of IkB alpha in T cell lines , co-activation of Ca(2+) -dependent pathways accelerates the rate of IkB alpha phosphorylation and results in its complete degradation.", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of Ca(2+) -dependent pathways alone do not result in the phosphorylation and/or degradation of IkB alpha in Jurkat T or in U937 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "U937 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of T cells with the selective PKC inhibitor GF109203X abrogates the PMA -induced IkB alpha phosphorylation /degradation irrespective of activation of Ca(2+) -dependent pathways , but not the phosphorylation and degradation of IkB alpha induced by TNF-alpha , a PKC -independent stimulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [257, 266]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [236, 245]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [271, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to the interaction with PKC , Ca(2+) -dependent pathways synergize with TNF-alpha not at the level of IkB alpha phosphorylation , but at the level of its degradation.", "entity": [{"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Ca(2+) -dependent pathways , including the phosphatase calcineurin , participate in the regulation of NF-kappa B in a cell specific fashion and synergize with PKC -dependent and -independent pathways at the level of IkB alpha phosphorylation and degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "IkB alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [244, 253]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E therapy of acute CCl4 -induced hepatic injury in mice is associated with inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress , with reactive oxygen intermediate formation , may represent a common mechanism by which liver injury is induced by diverse etiologies.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress enhances nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) activity , and NF-kappa B activity has been shown to enhance the expression of cytotoxic cytokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytotoxic cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 162]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute hepatic injury caused by reactive oxygen intermediate production was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This injury was significantly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of the mice with a water-soluble emulsion of alpha-tocopherol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alpha-tocopherol treatment of the mice given the CCl4 also reduced the NF-kappa B binding to levels approaching those found in normal mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro treatment of a monocyte/macrophage cell line with CCl4 led to enhanced NF-kappa B binding and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) messenger RNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) messenger RNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [118, 173]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [118, 145]}, {"entity": "TNF-alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver specimens taken from patients with acute fulminant hepatitis had markedly increased NF-kappa B binding activity in comparison with the binding of normal livers .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that abolishing acute hepatic injury with alpha-tocopherol , a free radical scavenger , also eliminated increased NF-kappa B binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is tempting to speculate that enhanced NF-kappa B expression caused by free radical production/oxidative stress may modulate liver injury , perhaps through an effect on cytotoxic cytokine synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "cytotoxic cytokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids : inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis [see comments]", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoids are among the most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They inhibit synthesis of almost all known cytokines and of several cell surface molecules required for immune function , but the mechanism underlying this activity has been unclear. Here it is shown that glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-kappa B ) activation in mice and cultured cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "cell surface molecules", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 90]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [271, 281]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [246, 268]}, {"entity": "cultured cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [307, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibition is mediated by induction of the I kappa B alpha inhibitory protein, which traps activated NF-kappa B in inactive cytoplasmic complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "I kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "inactive cytoplasmic complexes", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because NF-kappa B activates many immunoregulatory genes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli, the inhibition of its activity can be a major component of the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoregulatory genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 56]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional repression of the interleukin-2 gene by vitamin D3 : direct inhibition of NFATp/AP-1 complex formation by a nuclear hormone receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "NFATp/AP-1 complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 108]}, {"entity": "nuclear hormone receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [124, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T- lymphocyte proliferation is suppressed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [ 1,25(OH)2D3 ], the active metabolite of vitamin D3 , and is associated with a decrease in interleukin 2 (IL-2) , gamma interferon , and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that 1,25(OH)2D3 -mediated repression in Jurkat cells is cycloheximide resistant , suggesting that it is a direct transcriptional repressive effect on IL-2 expression by the vitamin D3 receptor ( VDR ).", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "vitamin D3 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [189, 208]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore examined vitamin D3 -mediated repression of activated IL-2 expression by cotransfecting Jurkat cells with IL-2 promoter/reporter constructs and a VDR overexpression vector and by DNA binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter/reporter constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 152]}, {"entity": "Jurkat cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "VDR overexpression vector", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [159, 184]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We delineated an element conferring both DNA binding by the receptor in vitro and 1,25(OH)2D3 -mediated repression in vivo to a short 40-bp region encompassing an important positive regulatory element , NF-AT-1 , which is bound by a T-cell-specific transcription factor , NFATp , as well as by AP-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "40-bp region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [294, 298]}, {"entity": "T-cell-specific transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [233, 269]}, {"entity": "positive regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [173, 200]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [272, 277]}, {"entity": "NF-AT-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [203, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VDR DNA-binding mutants were unable to either bind to this element in vitro or repress in vivo; the VDR DNA-binding domain alone, however, bound the element but also could not repress IL-2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR DNA-binding mutants", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "VDR DNA-binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that DNA binding by VDR is necessary but not sufficient to mediate IL-2 repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining partially purified proteins in vitro, we observed the loss of the bound NFATp /AP-1-DNA complex upon inclusion of VDR or VDR -retinoid X receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "partially purified proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [13, 40]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "NFATp /AP-1-DNA complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 108]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "VDR -retinoid X receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [134, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Order of addition and off-rate experiments indicate that the VDR -retinoid X receptor heterodimer blocks NFATp / AP-1 complex formation and then stably associates with the NF-AT-1 element .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "NF-AT-1", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "VDR -retinoid X receptor heterodimer", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [61, 97]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "NF-AT-1 element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [172, 187]}, {"entity": "NFATp / AP-1 complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This direct inhibition by a nuclear hormone receptor of transcriptional activators of the IL-2 gene may provide a mechanistic explanation of how vitamin derivatives can act as potent immunosuppressive agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional activators", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 82]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "IL-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue-specific regulation of the rabbit 15-lipoxygenase gene in erythroid cells by a transcriptional silencer .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabbit 15-lipoxygenase gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "15-lipoxygenase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "transcriptional silencer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [86, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 15-lipoxygenase (lox) gene is expressed in a tissue-specific manner , predominantly in erythroid cells but also in airway epithelial cells and eosinophils .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "15-lipoxygenase (lox) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "airway epithelial cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [119, 142]}, {"entity": "eosinophils", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate in this report that the 5' flanking DNA of the 15-lox gene contains sequences which down-regulate its activity in a variety of non-erythroid cell lines but not in two erythroid cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "15-lox gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "5' flanking DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "erythroid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [146, 166]}, {"entity": "non-erythroid cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [142, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The element has characteristics of a transcriptional 'silencer' since it functions in both orientations.", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional 'silencer'", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [37, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main activity of the silencer has been mapped to the first 900 bp of 5' flanking DNA , which contains nine binding sites for a nuclear factor present in non- erythroid cells but not in erythroid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5' flanking DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "erythroid cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [189, 204]}, {"entity": "silencer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These binding sites have similar sequences and multiple copies of the binding sites confer tissue-specific down-regulation when attached to a minimal lox promoter fragment .", "entity": [{"entity": "binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "minimal lox promoter fragment", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [142, 171]}, {"entity": "lox promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5' flanking DNA also contains a cluster of three binding sites for the GATA family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "5' flanking DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "GATA family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of the transcription factor NFATp inhibits its DNA binding activity in cyclosporin A-treated human B and T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A-treated human B", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [87, 116]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclosporin A ( CsA ) exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells ( NFAT ), thus preventing transcriptional induction of several cytokine genes.", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is thought to be largely mediated through inactivation of the phosphatase calcineurin , which in turn inhibits translocation of an NFAT component to the nucleus.", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that CsA treatment of Raji B and Jurkat T cell lines yields a phosphorylated form of NFATp that is inhibited in DNA-binding and in its ability to form an NFAT complex with Fos and Jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [195, 198]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "Raji B", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "NFAT complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblot analyses and metabolic labeling with [32P]orthophosphate show that CsA alters NFATp migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by increasing its phosphorylation level without affecting subcellular distribution.", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dephosphorylation by in vitro treatment with calcineurin or alkaline phosphatase restores NFATp DNA binding activity and its ability to reconstitute an NFAT complex with Fos and Jun proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "calcineurin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "NFAT complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "alkaline phosphatase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data point to a new mechanism for CsA -sensitive regulation of NFATp in which dephosphorylation is critical for DNA binding.", "entity": [{"entity": "NFATp", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factors as targets for oxidative signalling during lymphocyte activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously have demonstrated a requirement for oxidative events during cell cycle entry in T lymphocytes and have hypothesised that reactive oxygen species may act as intracellular signalling agents during lymphocyte activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study, cysteamine , an aminothiol compound with antioxidant activity , has been used to further investigate the role of oxidative signalling during lymphocyte activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes with cysteamine in vitro was found to inhibit proliferation in a dose-dependent manner , with essentially complete inhibition occurring at a dose of 400 microM.", "entity": [{"entity": "human peripheral blood lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [20, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibitory effect was limited to the first 2 h after mitogenic activation , localizing the time-frame of action of cysteamine to within the commitment period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It therefore was of interest to establish which, if any, commitment events were affected by oxidative signalling during cell cycle entry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking the IL-2 gene as a candidate, we examined the effect of cysteamine treatment on early gene expression during lymphocyte activation , and on the activity of transcription factors AP-1 , NF-kappa B , NF-AT and Oct1 , whose functions are required for expression of the IL-2 mRNA.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "early gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [192, 202]}, {"entity": "Oct1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [215, 219]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [163, 184]}, {"entity": "NF-AT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [273, 277]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [185, 189]}, {"entity": "IL-2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cysteamine treatment inhibited both expression of the IL-2 mRNA and secretion of IL-2 into the culture medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "IL-2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect of cysteamine may be mediated at least in part by an effect on transcription factor function , as the DNA binding activities of AP-1 and NF-kappa B extracted from mitogen-stimulated cells were significantly inhibited by cysteamine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "NF-kappa B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "mitogen-stimulated cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [185, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, Oct1 and NF-AT DNA binding activity were not affected by cysteamine treatment, suggesting that oxidative signalling processes operate in a selective manner.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of regulatory proteins , such as transcription factors , as molecular targets for oxidative signalling provides further evidence to implicate oxidative signalling as being intimately involved in the G0 to G1 phase transition in T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "regulatory proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [247, 260]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex and age distribution of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal human subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,25(OH)2D3 receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [53, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific receptors for 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 have been described in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ).", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [77, 111]}, {"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have tried to find out whether these receptors could show any difference in sex or age distribution.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty two healthy men aged 21-66 yr (mean +/- SD 41.0 +/- 13.6) and nineteen healthy women aged 22-60 yr (38.9 +/- 13.9) have been studied.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean dissociation constant ( Kd ) was similar in both sexes (1.35 +/- 0.70 x 10(-10) M in males, 1.13 +/- 0.66 x 10(-10) M in females), but the concentration of binding sites (Nmax) was significantly lower in females (2.32 +/- 0.92 fmol/10(7) PBMC vs 4.43 +/- 1.38 fmol/10(7) PBMC in males ; p = 0.0001).", "entity": [{"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [280, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither Kd nor Nmax were significantly correlated with age.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No difference was found between pre and post menopausal women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are needed to elucidate if this sex difference in PBMC receptors for 1.25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is of any pathophysiological relevance .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBMC", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "PBMC receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of Id2 and Id3 mRNA in human lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helix-loop-helix ( HLH ) transcription factors are involved in cellular growth and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLH", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Helix-loop-helix ( HLH ) transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 46]}, {"entity": "Helix-loop-helix", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Id ( inhibitor of DNA binding and differentiation ) HLH proteins , in a dominantly negative fashion, regulate transcriptional activities of basic HLH proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLH proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "basic HLH proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [144, 162]}, {"entity": "Id", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined by northern hybridization the expression of Id2 and Id3 mRNA in human leukemia/lymphoma lines and patient samples , as well as resting and activated normal human lymphocytes from peripheral blood ( PBL ).", "entity": [{"entity": "PBL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [210, 213]}, {"entity": "activated normal human lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [151, 185]}, {"entity": "human leukemia/lymphoma lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [76, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Id2 mRNA was abundantly expressed in 5/12 T-cell and 3/4 B-cell lines , and Id3 mRNA was detected in 4/12 T-cell and 3/4 B-cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "5/12 T-cell", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "3/4 B-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "4/12 T-cell", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "3/4 B-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [121, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly, Id2 , but not Id3 , mRNA was strongly expressed in 4/5 T-cell lines infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I ( HTLV-I ) ( ATL-1k , MT-2 , S-LB1 ) and type II ( Mo ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "4/5 T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "S-LB1", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [161, 166]}, {"entity": "MT-2", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "ATL-1k", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another unexpected finding was that T-cell leukemias and T-cell lines often expressed either Id2 or Id3 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "T-cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition, resting PBL constitutively expressed prominent levels of Id2 mRNA , but not Id3 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "resting PBL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "PBL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "Id2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon PHA -stimulation , Id2 expression decreased and Id3 levels increased with biphasic kinetics.", "entity": [{"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together, our studies revealed three unexpected findings which require further analysis: (1) expression of Id2 mRNA is often associated with lymphocytic transformation by HTLV-I or -II; (2) T-cells usually express either Id2 or Id3 mRNA , but B-cells often express both simultaneously; (3) non-dividing, normal PBL express high levels of Id2 and no Id3 mRNA ; and with the onset of cellular proliferation, levels of Id2 mRNA decrease while levels of Id3 mRNA increase, suggesting that regulation of expression of these closely related genes is disparate.", "entity": [{"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [234, 237]}, {"entity": "PBL", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [317, 320]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [227, 230]}, {"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [234, 242]}, {"entity": "Id2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "Id2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [422, 430]}, {"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [355, 363]}, {"entity": "genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [541, 546]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [355, 358]}, {"entity": "Id3 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [456, 464]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [344, 347]}, {"entity": "Id2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [422, 425]}, {"entity": "Id3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [456, 459]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salicylates inhibit lipopolysaccharide -induced transcriptional activation of the tissue factor gene in human monocytic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [104, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of plasma Factor VII/VIIa to the tissue factor (TF) receptor initiates the coagulation protease cascades .", "entity": [{"entity": "coagulation protease", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "tissue factor (TF) receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 68]}, {"entity": "plasma Factor VII/VIIa", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TF expression by circulating monocytes is associated with thrombotic and inflammatory complications in a variety of diseases.", "entity": [{"entity": "circulating monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [17, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activation of the human TF gene in monocytic cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) is mediated by binding of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers to a kappa B site in the TF promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "TF promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [189, 200]}, {"entity": "kappa B site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "human TF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "c-Rel/p65 heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [141, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here, we report that a family of anti-inflammatory agents , known as the salicylates, inhibited LPS induction of TF activity and TF gene transcription in human monocytes and monocytic THP-1 cells at clinically relevant doses.", "entity": [{"entity": "TF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "monocytic THP-1 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [174, 195]}, {"entity": "human monocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [154, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore, sodium salicylate blocked the LPS -induced proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha , which prevented the nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "c-Rel/p65 heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast, two other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , ibuprofen and indomethacin , did not inhibit LPS induction of the TF gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "TF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that salicylates inhibited LPS induction of TF gene transcription in monocytic cells by preventing nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TF gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "monocytic cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "c-Rel/p65 heterodimers", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical benefits of salicylates in the treatment of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis , may be related to their ability to reduce monocyte gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the signal transducer and transcription ( STAT ) signaling pathway in a primary T cell response .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical role for IL-6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The T cell activation is initiated by interaction of specific Ags with TCR , followed by activation of intracellular biochemical events leading to activation of several genes.", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "Ags", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins in a primary TCR -mediated activation of T cells have been explored.", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "transcription (STAT) proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 82]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In purified human peripheral blood T cells , nuclear STAT proteins were activated approximately 3 h after activation by cross-linked anti-CD3 Abs .", "entity": [{"entity": "purified human peripheral blood T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 42]}, {"entity": "anti-CD3 Abs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "nuclear STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 66]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These STAT proteins were detected by using the IFN-gamma-activated sequence ( GAS ) and related oligonucleotides as probes in electrophoretic mobility shift assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAS", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "IFN-gamma-activated sequence", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [47, 75]}, {"entity": "STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [6, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the nuclear extracts with anti-STAT Abs indicated that they contained STAT-3 and additional proteins crossreactive with the STAT family .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-STAT Abs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "STAT-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "STAT family", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of STAT activity was inhibited completely by pretreatment with either cycloheximide or cyclosporin A , thus indicating that the induction was due to a secondary factor produced by the activated T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [208, 215]}, {"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "secondary factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As neutralizing anti- IL-6 Abs effectively down-regulated the early induction of STAT proteins and as exogenously added IL-6 rapidly activated DNA binding similar to TCR -mediated bindings , it can be concluded that IL-6 is the factor responsible for the activation of STAT proteins in a primary T cell response .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "neutralizing anti- IL-6 Abs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [3, 30]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "STAT proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [269, 282]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [216, 220]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The normal cell cycle activation program is exploited during the infection of quiescent B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "quiescent B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [78, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation are maintained in a non-proliferative state .", "entity": [{"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antigen recognition stimulates limited proliferation, whereas infection with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) results in continual proliferation and the outgrowth of immortal cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "immortal cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [160, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because it is not clear at which point in cell cycle the peripheral B lymphocytes are arrested, we characterized the expression of several cell cycle-associated genes in quiescent and stimulated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [57, 81]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "cell cycle-associated genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [139, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the expression of four cell genes , cdc-2 , cyclin E , CD23 , and cyclin D2 , are up-regulated approximately 100-fold as a result of EBV -mediated immortalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "cell genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "cyclin D2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "CD23", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "cdc-2", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because these genes play a positive role in cell proliferation, we suggest that this regulatory switch contributes to controlling entry into the cell cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient stimulation of quiescent B lymphocytes with either a cocktail of anti-CD40 , anti-IgM , and IL4 , or EBV results in the rapid expression of the same four genes, suggesting that, after infection, EBV exploits the normal program of B-lymphocyte cell cycle activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "B-lymphocyte", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "quiescent B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "B lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "IL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "anti-CD40", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "anti-IgM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the chemokine receptor BLR2/EBI1 is specifically transactivated by Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLR2/EBI1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 117]}, {"entity": "chemokine receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our attempt to identify chemokine receptors that are related to Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 ( BLR1 ) and are expressed in activated lymphocytes we used RT-PCR resulting in the isolation of a cDNA encoding a seven transmembrane receptor termed BLR2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLR1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "BLR2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 252]}, {"entity": "seven transmembrane receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [212, 240]}, {"entity": "activated lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [127, 148]}, {"entity": "chemokine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [67, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein shows significant sequence similarities to the family of G-protein coupled chemokine receptors and turned out to be identical to the recently described receptor EBI1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "G-protein coupled chemokine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 106]}, {"entity": "chemokine receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "G-protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "receptor EBI1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis revealed that BLR2 mRNA could be highly stimulated in mitogen- and anti-CD3- treated peripheral blood lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLR2 mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "BLR2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BLR2 -specific mRNA could be detected in all Epstein-Barr virus positive B cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus positive B cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [45, 85]}, {"entity": "BLR2 -specific mRNA", "entity_type": "RNA", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "BLR2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that transcription of the BLR2 gene could be specifically induced in Epstein-Barr virus negative BL 41 cells via estrogen-mediated activation of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 , a key regulator of viral and cellular genes in immortalized B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "immortalized B cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [239, 259]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 189]}, {"entity": "BLR2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "cellular genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [221, 235]}, {"entity": "viral", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "BLR2 gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "viral and cellular genes", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [211, 235]}, {"entity": "Epstein-Barr virus negative BL 41 cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [77, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest an involvement of BLR2 in the regulation of migration in activated lymphocytes and in viral pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLR2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "activated lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A central role for a single c-Myb binding site in a thymic locus control region .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymic locus control region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [52, 79]}, {"entity": "single c-Myb binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [21, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Locus control regions ( LCRs ) are powerful assemblies of cis elements that organize the actions of cell-type-specific trans-acting factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCRs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "Locus control regions", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "cell-type-specific trans-acting factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [100, 139]}, {"entity": "cis elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2.3-kb LCR in the human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene first intron , which controls expression in thymocytes , is composed of a 200-bp enhancer domain and extended flanking sequences that facilitate activation from within chromatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [225, 234]}, {"entity": "2.3-kb LCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "200-bp enhancer domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [131, 153]}, {"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene first intron", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 69]}, {"entity": "human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [20, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior analyses have demonstrated that the enhancer contains a 28-bp core region and local adjacent augmentative cis elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "cis elements", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "28-bp core region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that the core contains a single critical c-Myb binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "c-Myb binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both transiently cotransfected human cells and stable chromatin-integrated yeast cells , c-Myb strongly transactivated reporter constructs that contained polymerized core sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "polymerized core sequences", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [157, 183]}, {"entity": "transiently cotransfected human cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [8, 45]}, {"entity": "chromatin-integrated yeast cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [57, 89]}, {"entity": "transactivated reporter constructs", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [107, 141]}, {"entity": "c-Myb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "c-Myb protein was strongly evident in T lymphoblasts in which the enhancer was active and was localized within discrete nuclear structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "T lymphoblasts", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "c-Myb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "c-Myb protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal murine thymus exhibited a striking concordance of endogenous c-myb expression with that of mouse ADA and human ADA LCR -directed transgene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse ADA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "human ADA LCR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "c-myb", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Point mutation of the c-Myb site within the intact 2.3-kb LCR severely attenuated enhancer activity in transfections and LCR activity in transgenic thymocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "transgenic thymocytes", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [137, 158]}, {"entity": "2.3-kb LCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "c-Myb site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "LCR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "c-Myb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the context of a complex enhancer and LCR , c-Myb can act as an organizer of thymocyte-specific gene expression via a single binding site.", "entity": [{"entity": "LCR", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "thymocyte-specific gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [84, 107]}, {"entity": "complex enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "c-Myb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A regulatory element in the human interleukin 2 gene promoter is a binding site for the zinc finger proteins Sp1 and EGR-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human interleukin 2 gene promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [28, 61]}, {"entity": "EGR-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [2, 20]}, {"entity": "binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) gene after antigen recognition is a critical event for T cell proliferation and effector function.", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) gene", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior studies have identified several transcription factors that contribute to the activity of the IL-2 promoter in stimulated T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "transcription factors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "stimulated T lymphocytes", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [116, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe a novel regulatory element within the IL-2 promoter located immediately upstream of the nuclear factor of activated T cell ( NFAT ) domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "regulatory element", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor of activated T cell ( NFAT ) domain", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [105, 155]}, {"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor of activated T cell", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 139]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This region (termed the zinc finger protein binding region ( ZIP )) serves as binding site for two differently regulated zinc finger proteins : the constitutively expressed transcription factor Sp1 and the inducible early growth response protein EGR-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc finger protein binding region", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 58]}, {"entity": "constitutively expressed transcription factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 193]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "inducible early growth response protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [206, 245]}, {"entity": "EGR-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [246, 251]}, {"entity": "ZIP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In unstimulated cells which do not secrete IL-2 , only Sp1 binds to this region, while in stimulated IL-2 secreting cells the inducible EGR-1 protein recognizes this element.", "entity": [{"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "unstimulated cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "inducible EGR-1 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 149]}, {"entity": "stimulated IL-2 secreting cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [90, 121]}, {"entity": "EGR-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Jurkat T cells , the ZIP site serves as an activator for IL-2 gene expression , and a combination of ZIP and NFAT binding sites is required for maximal IL-2 promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFAT", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "ZIP site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "ZIP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "NFAT binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 130]}, {"entity": "ZIP", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest a critical role of the ZIP site for IL-2 promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZIP site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "IL-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "IL-2 promoter", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the HIV-1 enhancer by the LEF-1 HMG protein on nucleosome-assembled DNA in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosome-assembled DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [61, 85]}, {"entity": "LEF-1 HMG protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 ( LEF-1 ) is a regulatory high mobility group (HMG) protein that activates the T cell receptor alpha ( TCR alpha ) enhancer in a context-restricted manner in T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "T cell receptor alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "T cell receptor alpha ( TCR alpha ) enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [114, 158]}, {"entity": "Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "regulatory high mobility group (HMG) protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [50, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we demonstrate that the distal region of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( HIV-1 ) enhancer , which contains DNA-binding sites for LEF-1 and Ets-1, also provides a functional context for activation by LEF-1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( HIV-1 ) enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [59, 108]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [218, 223]}, {"entity": "DNA-binding sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First, we show that mutations in the LEF-1 -binding site inhibit the activity of multimerized copies of the HIV-1 enhancer in Jurkat T cells , and that LEF-1 /GAL4 can activate a GAL4-substituted HIV-1 enhancer 80- to 100-fold in vivo.", "entity": [{"entity": "LEF-1 -binding site", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "GAL4-substituted HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [179, 210]}, {"entity": "Jurkat T cells", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "multimerized copies", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 enhancer", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [196, 210]}, {"entity": "LEF-1 /GAL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second, recombinant LEF-1 is shown to activate HIV-1 transcription on chromatin-assembled DNA in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "recombinant LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 25]}, {"entity": "chromatin-assembled DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [70, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using a nucleosome -assembly system derived from Drosophila embryos , we find that the packaging of DNA into chromatin in vitro strongly represses HIV-1 transcription and that repression can be counteracted efficiently by preincubation of the DNA with LEF-1 (or LEF-1 and Ets-1 ) supplemented with fractions containing the promoter-binding protein , Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosome", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "promoter-binding protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [326, 350]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [255, 260]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [353, 356]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [265, 270]}, {"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [275, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of TFE-3 , which binds to an E-box motif upstream of the LEF-1 and Ets-1 sites , further augments transcription in this system.", "entity": [{"entity": "TFE-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "E-box motif", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individually or collectively, none of the three enhancer-binding proteins ( LEF-1 , Ets-1 , and TFE-3 ) could activate transcription in the absence of Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "TFE-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "enhancer-binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A truncation mutant of LEF-1 ( HMG-88 ), which contains the HMG box but lacks the trans-activation domain , did not activate transcription from nucleosomal DNA , indicating that bending of DNA by the HMG domain is not sufficient to activate transcription in vitro.", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG box", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "HMG domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "trans-activation domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "truncation mutant", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "nucleosomal DNA", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "HMG-88", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that transcription activation by LEF-1 in vitro is a chromatin -dependent process that requires a functional trans-activation domain in addition to the HMG domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "trans-activation domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 144]}, {"entity": "LEF-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins induce activation of activated protein-1 in CD4+ T cells [published erratum appears in J Biol Chem 1995 Dec 1;270(48):29038]", "entity": [{"entity": "protein-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "CD4+ T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of CD4 positive T cells is a primary requirement for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) entry , efficient HIV replication , and progression to AIDS , Utilizing CD4 positive T cell lines and purified T cells from normal individuals , we have demonstrated that native envelope glycoproteins of HIV , gp 160 , can induce activation of transcription factor, activated protein-1 ( AP-1 ).", "entity": [{"entity": "gp 160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [311, 317]}, {"entity": "transcription factor, activated protein-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [345, 386]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "CD4 positive T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [14, 34]}, {"entity": "purified T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [203, 219]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [212, 219]}, {"entity": "native envelope glycoproteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [272, 301]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [389, 393]}, {"entity": "CD4 positive T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [173, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stimulatory effects of gp160 are mediated through the CD4 molecule , since treatment of gp160 with soluble CD4-IgG abrogates its activity, and CD4 negative T cell lines fail to be stimulated with gp160 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4-IgG", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "CD4 negative T cell lines", "entity_type": "cell line", "pos": [147, 172]}, {"entity": "CD4 molecule", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [200, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation of the gp 160 -induced nuclear extracts with polyclonal antibodies to Fos and Jun proteins indicates that AP-1 complex is comprised of members of these family of proteins.", "entity": [{"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "polyclonal antibodies", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [65, 86]}, {"entity": "Jun proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "gp 160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "AP-1 complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gp160 -induced AP-1 complex is dependent upon protein tyrosine phosphorylation and is protein synthesis-independent .", "entity": [{"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "gp160 -induced AP-1 complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [4, 31]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This stimulation can also be abolished by inhibitors of protein kinase C , but it is unaffected by calcium channel blocker or cyclosporine A .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gp160 treatment adversely affects the functional capabilities of T cells : pre-treatment of CD4+ T cells with gp160 for 4 h at 37 degrees C inhibited anti-CD3 -induced interleukin-2 secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "CD4+ T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects similar to gp160 were seen with anti-CD4 mAb .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-CD4 mAb", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aberrant activation of AP-1 by gp160 in CD4 positive T cells could result in up-regulation of cytokines containing AP-1 sites , e.g. interleukin-3 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor , and concurrently lead to T cell unresponsiveness by inhibiting interleukin-2 secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 203]}, {"entity": "gp160", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "T cell", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "CD4 positive T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "cytokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "interleukin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [269, 282]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "interleukin-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "AP-1 sites", "entity_type": "DNA", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "AP-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "cell type", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
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+["exact location", "area", "road", "river"]
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+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/HarveyNER/test.json b/IE-en/NER/HarveyNER/test.json
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+++ b/IE-en/NER/HarveyNER/test.json
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+{"text": "-DOCSTART- BREAKING : One firefighter injured after a fire / apparent explosion at the Lone Star Legal Aid Services in Downtown Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Robert1288 Main St near Med Center is clear . We went to Memorial Hermann , but sure others have need as well", "entity": [{"entity": "Main St near Med Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [23, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Important Message from Spring ISD and @SPRINGHIGHLIONS for the Spring ISD Community . https://t.co/5HvVXPn4pp", "entity": [{"entity": "Spring ISD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Spring", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kiii3news : Harvey will keep Tropical Storm status and turn toward the TX / LA border , making a 2nd TX landfall early WED morning https://t.co/jE5CxUxN7w", "entity": [{"entity": "LA", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : JUST IN : Fort Bend ISD to open Marshall High School as emergency shelter https://t.co/IUILW1UKsn", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend ISD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Marshall High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [54, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Fort Bend County evacuation route : US 59 South to US-71 , on to IH-10 West . Officials say please do not travel to Houston # Houstonfloods", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "US 59 South", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "US-71", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "IH-10 West", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MCTXSheriff : Here are Jail buses rolling out to transport evacuees from the FM 2090 area . # HarveyMoco2017 # Community # InItTogether https://t.co/oEpZtCVqDo", "entity": [{"entity": "FM 2090", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 346 - 251 - 4247 , 15 Boats looking for people to rescue in NE Houston Varde Forrest -between Mesa & amp ; CE King # HarveyFlood https://t.co/rXYSrGfixq", "entity": [{"entity": "NE Houston Varde Forrest -between Mesa & amp ; CE King", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [71, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Look at 45 in both directions at Cypresswood . # khou11 https://t.co/qSOU1QTpRL", "entity": [{"entity": "45 in both directions at Cypresswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [19, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Check Patient - A015 - Lockwood Exit - 16:25 - https://t.co/p3N2DGfvEu", "entity": [{"entity": "Lockwood Exit", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RepWalle : Understand that Harris Co. ESD , Natl Guard , & amp ; Westfield FD still have 700 rescue requests . Trying to get to them ASAP . # txlege # Harvey https://t.co/IXuLqU3zTw", "entity": [{"entity": "Harris Co. ESD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Westfield FD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ChronJacob : Johnny Penney , a local resident who was in Columbia Lakes at about 3:30ish , just said it looked like Brazos River was about to overflow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Lakes", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Brazos River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- At Tidwell and Beltway . https://t.co/jlsUy0ZJEk", "entity": [{"entity": "Tidwell and Beltway", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The # NFL and the # Texans announce that Thursday 's preseason game vs. Cowboys has been moved to AT&amp;T Stadium https://t.co/hHiU6fYlbl", "entity": [{"entity": "AT&amp;T Stadium", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [109, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-69 SOUTHWEST Northbound At BELLAIRE BLVD - High Water - Status : Cleared at 10:58 AM", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-69 SOUTHWEST Northbound At BELLAIRE BLVD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Houston 's in the midst of never - before - seen flooding . Here 's what you need to know . https://t.co/zS3HP5YoPn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-69 SOUTHWEST Northbound At CHIMNEY ROCK RD - High Water - Status : Cleared at 11:01 AM", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-69 SOUTHWEST Northbound At CHIMNEY ROCK RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- name and contact info on your item , and drop it off at Moody dining hall . I will be there to help assist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moody dining hall", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LETHALWEAPONMV Yes . Starting noon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TheMaggieM : See the blue ? Blue means # flooding on # Houston roads via @houstontranstar # houstonflooding # houwx https://t.co/0awZBPZDij", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Before / After Pics of @starbucks on Yale # HurricaneHarvey # HoustonFlood # WhiteOakBayou https://t.co/ngwINZgbGG", "entity": [{"entity": "WhiteOakBayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Updated rain totals from past 12-h : https://t.co/1cCYoa5Bxf 24-h : https://t.co/3oRwS6faAx 72-h : https://t.co/iPyPp8qoLW # txwx # houwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Jasper2017Maya : @HurricaneHNeed HELP NEEDED @ The Buckingham nursing home at 8580 Woodway . Flooded & amp ; running out of supplies . # harveysos # HarveyRescue", "entity": [{"entity": "The Buckingham nursing home at 8580 Woodway", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [62, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : .@Houstonpolice CF @ArtAcevedo : We have had a few arrests for looting . If you try to take advantage of this situation , you WILL BE ARRESTED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @tyleroakley https://t.co/0fdvLmOuyU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @nicole_beirne contact sgt Wilson at 2817276453", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @chipi40s When did you take this ? Are you safe ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Bill O'Brien : We 've been truly inspired ... we've seen truly heroic acts , neighbors helping neighbors . That 's what Houston is all about", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- More high water by Houston 's Medical Center https://t.co/UXXAXNOmxN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cohoustonfire : Anyone with a boat wanting to help with rescues can call 713 - 305 - 3789 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CowboyDave4Life Thanks !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DRDREon290 : @Serg_Life06 @TheRitaGarcia @LindseyFOX26 @MelissaFox26 @JoseGrinanFOX26 Get this RETWEETED PEEPS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ATTENTION : A list of donations needed for those sheltered at @GRBCC Volunteers needed as well . Please share . # Harvey # Houstonstrong https://t.co/HnjnVpCo1C", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Jeff_Warfield1 : 🤔 FAKE IS THE NEW TREND AND EVERYONE SEEMS TO BE INSTYLE 🤔", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HarrisCountyDAO : Looters and thieves who prey on closed businesses and homes should be on notice that they will be arrested and prosecuted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustoniaMag : The mega @HEB with the mega heart ! https://t.co/KnqQUKY6EN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @dirt_rd_dreamer Good ! ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KatherineABC13 tweeted out some info earlier @abc13houston have you checked out website https://t.co/Xq8440p71u", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LaurenCaruba was quite prescient with her piece from last September . https://t.co/t1pacEy9ju", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-45 GULF Southbound At EL DORADO BLVD - High Water - Status : Cleared at 11:19 AM", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-45 GULF Southbound At EL DORADO BLVD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DiannaHunt : Life in Houston at the moment . https://t.co/xs5IOf1KPq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @marcbrubaker Patients are okay , the nurses are self - sacrificing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KeyaDaiJon What is your address ? How many people are in need of rescue and what are any medical needs ? Also is there a phone # rescuers can contact ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Richy_Axl @Wonderwoman_SE @Fox26Houston thank you for helping ! # Fox26", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Band of heaviest rainfall coming your way , Louisiana . # Harvey https://t.co/nn3enn0gXO", "entity": [{"entity": "Louisiana", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Sienna Plantation please evacuate ! Try this route ! If you find a better one please let us know . Copy and send to loved ones ! https://t.co/KdChup2woJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LandryLocker : O'Brien on @JJWatt 's ongoing fundraising and personal donation along with Bob McNair 's $ 1 million to United Way Greater Houston Relief Fund . https://t.co/dWQiI7mANM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LoveRamirezFam @KatherineABC13 @abc13houston Check my latest tweet", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @mizzousundevil Dunlavy clear from at least Fairview to Rice U , roads near Montrose HEB clear", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunlavy", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Fairview", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Rice U", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @justNOT_Average : Help is needed in spring ! 3030 Hirschfield apt # 22a @PoojaOnTV @Fox26Houston @KHOU @abc13houston https://t.co/BdwlvLu3lM", "entity": [{"entity": "3030 Hirschfield apt # 22a", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Richy_Axl More rain for the next few days , yes . # Fox26", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @PaulNigelWhite @Fox26Houston @RedCross thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- STAY OFF THE ROADS . THERE IS NO WHERE TO GO . You are putting yourself & amp ; first responders at risk . # HoustonFloods # Harvey @Fox26Houston https://t.co/2WKiWfY2TV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Just startling numbers ! https://t.co/N89gfDFTwl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelanieLawson13 : Love neighbors helping neighbors , including family from Louisiana . Are u & amp ; ur loved ones OK ? Do u know of someone in need ? @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "Louisiana", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @stjbs Wait , did n't your car drown yesterday ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Pct1Constable : Please stay put . The roads are not clear yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MzMaryKhalaf : We have a family trapped @CajunNavy2016 @HurricaneHneed @fema @houstonpolice https://t.co/v65Oc9bs9Z", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water approaching the second floors of apartments near Grant Rd and Cypress Creek # houwx # hounews", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Rd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Cypress Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Danny5Letters : If you can donate , donate . @BakerRipley will be helping rebuild in Texas . Do some good for your fellow man . Slàinte https://t.co/JJQFYvXlXl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CNN : Houston Police updates : - 2,000 people rescued - Approx . 185 rescue requests pending - 4 arrests for looting https://t.co/7ruzZSuZF3 https://t.co/AtIXW5lqOH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @_celinea @TaylorInAmerica https://t.co/pTmUDqr1YL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTexans : Mr. McNair and the # Texans are pledging $ 1 million dollars to the United Way of Greater Houston Flood Relief Fund . # HoustonStrong https://t.co/emzPzGdnr7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Of all the slides in the latest NWS update , this is by far my least favorite . \" Catastrophic \" in red itals . Sigh . # Harvey https://t.co/0hHJjki5L0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Southavenchick Agreed , but we r vetting social media on ground here . More important to distinguish real from bogus images , but old images creep in too FYI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TheAtlPhoto : Hurricane Harvey Leaves Houston Under Water - 28 photos from the 4th - largest city in the US , hit hard by Harvey https://t.co/gywaRG1ZKp https://t.co/NiB1juKz24", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HurricaneHNeed : Many victims can not call these numbers . They are on limited power limited battery and limited supply . # harveysos # harveyrescue # cajunnavy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Evacuations announced yesterday . One attempted overnight . Ambulance had to turn back . 350 patients remain . Basement flooding still an issue", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here is a @HoustonChron list of stores open in greater # Houston . This is subject to change and will be updated https://t.co/A7EPWahNDS https://t.co/KACGdwp3c7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Chambers , Galveston , and Liberty County until 1:30pm Monday . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [{"entity": "Chambers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Galveston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Liberty", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Aviso de Inundación Repentina incluye Anahuac TX , Old River - Winfree TX , Cove TX hasta las 1:30 PM CDT https://t.co/duv3pR8uAo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Minuto a minuto : 2,000 personas han sido ya rescatadas en # Houston por # Harvey https://t.co/Cmbj6Fihqn # Texas https://t.co/jEvmXxMU5j", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- PLEASE GET HELP FOR @TaylorInAmerica 7526 Brighton knolls lane PLEASE PLEASE ! ! # CajunNavy @abc13houston # harveyrescue # harveysos https://t.co/G4qhxaGyR6", "entity": [{"entity": "7526 Brighton", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ChrisdyannUribe : STAY OFF THE ROADS . THERE IS NO WHERE TO GO . You are putting yourself & amp ; first responders at risk . # HoustonFloods # Harvey @Fox26Houston https://t.co/2WKiWfY2TV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" J.J. 's one of the most selfless guys you 'll ever meet . I 've talked to people in Pittsburgh , they 're going help , \" - @TomSavage03", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @zubakskees Newseum !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JenniferRoseNYC @cathymcs @KPRC2 Absolutely . That 's why we 're trying to get info out about free shelters and emergency transport assistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TheRitaGarcia : Total of 5500 ppl are in shelters right now throughout the city of # Houston . @SylvesterTurner says he expects the # will rise exponentially .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DougDelonyKHOU : JUST IN .. List of H - E - B stores open TODAY ( do NOT put yourself in danger ) # KHOU11 https://t.co/Dg4syvTDou", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cenhs : \" Harvey is just the kind of weird weather that scientists expect to see more of as the planet warms . \" https://t.co/Ne12DmhGBg", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ¿ cuánta lluvia ha caído sobre # Houston ? este dato no te dejará indiferente @noticiashouston @UniNoticias # txwx https://t.co/RgzGMIP1fI https://t.co/EsSoWREu09", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @lbeerwin : @PoojaOnTV It is Hurricane Harvey way to go ! Houston Strong ! Texas Strong !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @YoUrsTrUlyTrize : @KPRC2Sara @JenniferReyna Do you know if any coastal guards or search and rescuers is over by Lakewood ? Or Tidwell ? Some ones stranded ; 9319 Woodlyn road with 3 ppl", "entity": [{"entity": "Lakewood", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "Tidwell", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "9319 Woodlyn road", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [172, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : H - E - B Houston Region Store Status as of 8.28.17 @ 10 AM : https://t.co/jB9YCtb5fC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCSOTexas : Evacuees with pets are welcome . # harvey https://t.co/SNA7oTqS0D", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HaleyKPRC : Gov. Greg Abbott activates entire Texas National Guard to assist in rescuing flood victims https://t.co/tMXEpNKRkQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @deysyreportera : Impresionante el trabajo de estos elementos @HPOUTX @houstonpolice @uscoastguard # Harvey https://t.co/7unQF5umAX", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ABC13Antonio : \" If someone tries to deport you , I will represent you myself . \" Mayor @SylvesterTurner Seek help regardless of your status # ABC13 # Hounews https://t.co/l6wfFRxXaD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCSOTexas : Either stay on the line with 911 , or contact any of the @USCG Houston numbers below for rescue if in a life - threatening situation . # harvey https://t.co/SOOTdh00ts", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Update : some areas have radar - estimated totals over 40 \" ! Next week may bring over 20 \" of rain to the same area # houwx # glswx # bcswx # txwx https://t.co/J24A7YgKnK", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TelemundoHou : ➡ ️ ✏ ️ El superintendente Richard Carranza dice que es importante que los padres hablen con sus niños sobre la situación en # Houston https://t.co/BiULyscmjD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JeffLindner1 : Water approaching the second floors of apartments near Grant Rd and Cypress Creek # houwx # hounews", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Rd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Cypress Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [98, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @SL_Skeeters Are you opening Constellation Field as a shelter ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Constellation Field", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [40, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @beckyditchfield : Latest # Harvey rainfall totals . @chitakhou https://t.co/0TfLko9dvz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Many people from all over have asked me how they can help – Here 's some info : https://t.co/XUmWcGfD1a # Houstonflood # Harvey # HoustonStrong", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Governor Abbott Activates Entire Texas National Guard https://t.co/gJjzDjl8Kd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCSOTexas : IMPORTANT : If you are awaiting rescue , hang a towel or sheet prominently so we can find you . Adresses are hard to spot . # harvey # hounews", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Yeah , we do n't believe it . https://t.co/XQWlWsOyFj", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ALL BakerRipley Locations will be CLOSED until further notice beginning 8/28/17 . Check site for updates . [ THREAD ] https://t.co/FLyBxDE7SU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Crazy to see ! ! https://t.co/kThhrewn5 t", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Condition of firefighter is unknown , he was taken to a hospital but firefighter on scene do n't know which one", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @angelafritz welcome to 2017 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DanPatrick : This is a Texas - sized storm and we are pulling together with a Texas - sized response : neighbor to neighbor , house to house , street to street https://t.co/gXNcoxDFXb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @_ToddStone : Facility is scheduled to be closed through Sept. 6 . https://t.co/5flZ3KuWpv By @JDBlum23", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CBSNews : Houston man goes fishing inside flooded living room , catches fish with his bare hands https://t.co/SLI3KwEhw0 https://t.co/TzTPGhl41c", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Gracias por su apoyo a @TelemundoHou @Telemundo39 @EnriqueTeutelo # henry # HoustonFlood cobertura ininterrumpida https://t.co/gHWmyixnDE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ordenan EVACUACIÓN OBLIGATORIA para residentes de Pecan Grove en el Condado Fort Bend . @TelemundoHou # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Asegura portavoz de @energyinsights a @TelemundoHou que hay 93 mil usuarios sin electricidad han restablecido el servicio a 357 mil https://t.co/ILLWdtCzt5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- House On Fire - SQ027 , D019 , L044 , E041 , E032 - Kentshire Dr - Trumpet St - 11:54 - https://t.co/ZAhLVRiSzz", "entity": [{"entity": "Kentshire Dr - Trumpet St", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [63, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @PoMoMagazine : Our thoughts are with Texas . Via our sister publication @HoustoniaMag : https://t.co/rEiQqb1oAK", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @10yrwonder @abc13houston Ahhhh ... We try to avoid the comments sections these days . ;)", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CharlotteReed @iHeartRadio Please send an email to info@houstonspca.org !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Heading to Interstate 610 to Braeswood , where I 'm hearing reports of lots of boat rescues", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Sauqk @brandius Central Hall E ! You 're a good dude !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- North Texas is opening shelters for evacuees https://t.co/zxSHBxI7uZ", "entity": [{"entity": "North Texas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @atenalunsford I went a little cray cray on that last hit BUT DO YOU SEE WHY ? ? ! ? ! ? LOL Also delusion is beginning to set in lol", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Highway 59 just east of Downtown Houston is just ... gone https://t.co/wrCuOi9qzf", "entity": [{"entity": "Highway 59", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Downtown Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Per @JeffLindner1 , we are in \" uncharted territory \" regarding flooding impacts related to Addicks and Barker reservoirs in west Houston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JeffLindner1 Situation changing as more rains fall , and effects of such a widespread event are not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Watt : \" We 're with you for the long haul \" https://t.co/iixh0c2ebs", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @lonestarcollege : LSC - Kingwood , LSC - North Harris and LSC - CyFair are serving as staging areas or shelters . Stay safe https://t.co/CkAakfWghV. # StartCloseGoFar https://t.co/FPscCYWpn7", "entity": [{"entity": "LSC - Kingwood ,", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "LSC - North Harris", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-45 Northbound At HUGHES - High Water - Status : Cleared at 12:05 PM", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-45 Northbound At HUGHES", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Third Ward , at least along Scott Street , is dry", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Street", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tragic news from @JRogalskiKHOU on # khou11 right now : 6 members of 1 family ( incl kids ) drown when van floods while trying to escape # harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : MULTIPLE SHELTERS ARE NOW OPEN THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY : https://t.co/sj3Ed82mBB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @mayrareyesrubio @julieturkewitz We are lucky to live in a city filled with the best of people . & lt;3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CaitilinPIO : Multiple shelters now open in Fort Bend . BF Terry HS , Cinco Ranch HS , Morton Ranch HS , Sugar Creek Baptist Church & amp ; Gallery Furniture . https://t.co/8EnhVpt9L2", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "BF Terry HS", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Cinco Ranch HS", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Morton Ranch HS", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "Sugar Creek Baptist Church", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [120, 146]}, {"entity": "Gallery Furniture", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [155, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flight Aware reports : @iah closed until noon on Thurs , @HobbyAirport closed until 8AM on Thurs , but conditions will dictate @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "@iah", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "@HobbyAirport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JessWarfield1 @Melissa_wife It 's all very sad ! Especially since some of this turmoil could have been prevented by the mayor doing at least a voluntary evacuatiom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Aviso de Inundación Repentina incluye Angleton TX , West Columbia TX , Wild Peach Village TX hasta las 3:15 PM CDT https://t.co/4OjROqdIKk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MissyCampbellTX Yes ! https://t.co/saYwicSxLi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : SHELTER AT SACRED HEART IS NOW AT FULL CAPACITY . Head 2 TerryHS . Please B aware that this shelter is not accepting pets . https://t.co/k3FkkCnkbn", "entity": [{"entity": "TerryHS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ATTENTION : If you are awaiting rescue , do this to make yourself visible ! ! per @HCSOTexas . Please pass the word . # HoustonFlooding https://t.co/FP3H5x5oAp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # cajunnavy # HarveyStorm # harveyrescue https://t.co/rcXnEzWt69", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @wxdam : I need a job ! You need a passionate , dedicated writer who can help you own the web 's weather coverage . Let 's talk ! dennismwx@gmail.com", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AllHazardsTFS : The @FDNY incident management team is arriving here in College Station for # Harvey response . # txwx https://t.co/jMPYDToee1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SydneyStavinoha : Judge Hebert says nearly 80,000 residents in Fort Bend County are now under a MANDATORY evacuation order . # houwx # Harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Correction : this should read \" The next week may bring ... \" , but the majority of rainfall totals will occur in the next 3 days https://t.co/HrCqvmqMqv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JaySekulow : Radio : The Nation Responds to # Harvey https://t.co/oxnCsWQ1EW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HurricaneHarvery # harveyrescue # cajunnavy # needwaterrescue @abc13houston @HarveyRescue https://t.co/rcXnEzWt69", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @tornadotrackers : Our second video from # Houstonfoods - More helicopter rescues and Rescues & amp ; Catastropihic Flooding # txwx # houwx https://t.co/Sx4119Lczd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- More people are at # GRBCC shelter . @HaleyKPRC has the updates . https://t.co/tZ7TfzeXm0", "entity": [{"entity": "GRBCC", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @karenwarrenHC @evan7257 God , that is just heartbreaking . Those poor little bats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Southavenchick Speak of the devil . Note image in tweet header and the No.8 example of misinformation we 're dealing with . https://t.co/gx2VDy4VhJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks for helping out ! https://t.co/eo5ig23ZgC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- My playlist today : https://t.co/95YU2SYCfI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @rei_m3 m Does he have a contact phone for flood victims to call ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Patriots owner Robert Kraft matches # Texans donation for # Harvey relief https://t.co/0LtmaM3KHU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : * * * IMPORTANT * * * The voluntary evacuation order for Pecan Grove has been upgraded to a MANDATORY EVACUATION .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pecan Grove", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @emfoxhall : Mary Reyes , 79 , is preparing to leave the house she built w/ her husband when they married 60 yrs ago . \" I 'm praying \" https://t.co/Fukft9bfWH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HilaryDuff : This is beyond devastating 💔 truly heartbroken for my home town . # staystrong # deepintheheart 🙏 🏻 https://t.co/2BQUMpGQS3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @iah : Operations are still stopped until further notice . We are doing everything we can to resume operations once it 's safe to do so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@hcfcd estimates 48 hour rain average across just Harris County is 23.7 \" or 732 billion gallons of water . This is uncharted territory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JessWarfield1 @RaceToThePace Oh man .... Praying for you my fellow Houstonian brother ! If you need anything , please reach out ... I 'm not far away !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Helping more people savage things out of their homes before the next wave hits . # HarveyStorm https://t.co/sAuZd69Ont", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @lindsayaellis : This slideshow . @mrkmully 's photo here on other outlets already . Amazing stuff from @houstonchron photo staff https://t.co/3CptPE5U6 M https://t.co/jWpMVgpCyV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @rei_m3 m # HurricaneHarvy # harveyneed # cajunnavy # harveysos # HurricaneHarvey # harveyrescue https://t.co/dxn2NFSM76", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JeffLindner1 : If you are being told to evacuate you need to leave https://t.co/AFLzk2Ov5d", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AaronKPRC : AIRPORT UPDATES : @iah closed until Thursday . @HobbyAirport closed until Wednesday . # houstonflood https://t.co/Il6la35YQD", "entity": [{"entity": "@iah", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "@HobbyAirport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : TERRY HIGH SCHOOL IS ACCEPTING CRATED PETS , PLEASE BRING FOOD / MEDICATIONS", "entity": [{"entity": "TERRY HIGH SCHOOL", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Get out of here with this nonsense @CNN . https://t.co/rDJizXEKa4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AnniseParker : At GRB : enough people now , but will need more over next several days . Pets allowed ! Donation drive through at loading dock at back of GRB .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- PHOTOS ! During this time of devastation , we still show what # SouthernHospitality is . # TexasTough # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/d6BxpYeKRG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- LIVE VIDEO : @SheriffEd_HCSO and Sgt . Cook on 59 the Eastex FWY and 610 https://t.co/V1Cb03kmIX", "entity": [{"entity": "Sgt . Cook on 59 the Eastex FWY and 610", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [44, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jswishdaman : This needs to go viral . Someone is struggling with their faith in God & amp ; this should encourage all of us ! # ToGodBeTheGlory # HoustonStrong https://t.co/c8WRl5B43P", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # Harvey is still a dangerous storm . Houstonians are urged to follow the recommendations of our local public safety officials 1/3 # TX29", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DMNOpinion : Our @dallasnews editorial cartoonist has a message for Houston : We 're in this together . https://t.co/hhgj2wxvUO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you feel your life is in danger , call 911 . If you can not get through to 911 at first , keep calling 2/3 # TX29 # HoustonStrong # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Patriots owner Robert Kraft has pledged to match up to $ 1 millions in donations to Red Cross for Hurricane Relief in Houston https://t.co/jSflX93vZW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Montel_Williams : Fantastic news . My wheelchair bound colleague has been rescued in # Houston by Good Samaritans with canoes - 🙏 🏾 🙏 🏾https://t.co / fPFD84COU6 https://t.co/19D1qCOUQt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Driving 610 loop in Houston https://t.co/Kq1MoB1uUr", "entity": [{"entity": "610", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 😢 so many people have lost everything . Help us - help them . Please Donate ANYTHING at https://t.co/rXYSrFXHFS # HarveyStorm https://t.co/pKbKqaGN4s", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BBucaram : @TheRitaGarcia @ArtAcevedo @Fox26Houston Thank you for the reporting with @MelissaFox26 . My heart is so heavy for our city . # prayersforhouston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- MANDATORY EVACUATIONS : Pecan Grove # Harvey # HarveyFlood https://t.co/Y51D00Fmmg", "entity": [{"entity": "Pecan Grove", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Realllyyyy CNNN ? ! https://t.co/uzEW1gVp38", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MsSsHussain @ArtAcevedo More resources are on the way according to city officials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- This man catching a fish in his house during # HurricaneHarvey is truly making the best of a bad situation : https://t.co/jakWuEqIYt https://t.co/YqYMNqajTi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We are asking that individuals who have been saved to please delete your tweets . # HurricaneHarvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- People have reason to be concerned but stay as calm as possible folks ! So many first responders out working to get to you . https://t.co/beXy56Od13", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : Residents with questions concerning Barker & amp ; Addicks , The US Army Corps of Engineers @USACEGALVESTON can be reached at ( 409)766 - 6379 # Harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ndhapple @shelbywebb If it 's passable , and people wo n't get stuck in their cars trying to traverse it , I want to know about it :D", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Picos Restaurant off Kirby Dr is open https://t.co/qu62Dx4bJv", "entity": [{"entity": "Picos Restaurant off Kirby Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Share your # harvey experience now @ 713 - 440 - 8870 . Welcome calls from # CorpusChristi now as well via @YourKEDT", "entity": [{"entity": "CorpusChristi", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Could you get a contact number for us please ? # HurricaneHarvey # harveysos https://t.co/DK8Vs8AJw1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CajunAngela : @txuenergy thank you for generous gift . \" We want to support the work that takes months and years - long after cameras are gone . \"@BakerRipley", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Officers are throughout the city putting up barriers , including the ship channel bridge . Remember , do n't go around barriers ! ! https://t.co/zrq6WfOHEk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Anyone have a story for the @HoustonPress https://t.co/cSmlxAXzpU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Earthstar22 Donations are appreciated ! https://t.co/zPKXBqVUWG or https://t.co/5MTXDBJS8k . Thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TStewPrincess14 @Fonzie50 @fbcoem They have opened several shelters across the county . Please look at my prior RT 's or @fbcoem for a list", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTexans : Bill O'Brien 's opening statement on # HurricaneHarvey . # HoustonStrong # WeAreTexans https://t.co/nXt8gJjAhD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @bellemota18 : @LindseyFOX26 Keep that HOUSTON positive attitude going , we are STRONG 😊 💜 💪 🏼", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : We are looking to buy more meals for our stations ; any restaurants available please provide name & amp ; contact info # HurricaneHarvey 2/2 https://t.co/FgGIv4Hlu7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Do you have a contact number for rescue volunteers to contact the family ? # HarveySOS https://t.co/ypgog5BY9j", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @hippiesmiles_am @rei_m3 m Please send address , number of people needing rescue and a phone number for rescue contact ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Line out the door at @kroger in the Heights as weather gets worse https://t.co/9T9uW1GZLJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : All shelters previously located in HISD school campuses now closed Visit https://t.co/tekzrDzIEt for other shelter information # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @queeenbriii @thatgirlcey Hello Bri ! Please dm us your phone number and we will do our best to get you in contact with our volunteer rescue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DavidHerreraTV : 161 personas rescatadas en área de Dickinson serán transportadas en C130 a desde # Scholes a refugios en área de Dallas @noticiashouston https://t.co/lni51H16Xa", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JeffLindner1 : COE and HCFCD sitting next to each other and in constant communication on Addicks and Barker # houwx # hounews", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Chambers & amp ; Liberty Counties until 04:00 PM . https://t.co/qPcRHOfAck # txwx", "entity": [{"entity": "Chambers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Liberty", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning including Liberty TX , Dayton TX , Mont Belvieu TX until 4:00 PM CDT https://t.co/YSFlWy09QU", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Dayton TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Mont Belvieu TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- James Noack in Spring Hill Texas trying to help as many people as possible . # HarveyStorm https://t.co/zeR381Btxl", "entity": [{"entity": "Spring Hill Texas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TexasATJ : If you are an attorney wanting to help victims of Harvey , fill out this form through the State Bar : https://t.co/lixRg5F8AJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KevinReeceWFAA : Water level has dropped a few feet in Dickinson . I45 passable but just barely and w wrong way traffic @KHOU @wfaachannel8 https://t.co/8AyTHVBDP9", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "I45", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thank you very much for your hard work , @HCSOTexas ! ! @KPRC2 https://t.co/vBiCGUnw5 G", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : GEORGE R. BROWN NEEDS CERTIFIED NURSES & amp ; SOCIAL WORKERS . If you can safely get there , please go . Find Tom McCasland head of operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEORGE R. BROWN", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you are in immediate life threatening danger please call 911 do not hang up they are experiencing a very high call volume . https://t.co/mkXPWND0wQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ddstar7 That was the moisture content of the air- I turned on the water vapor loop", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @IanMckayWx : Spring Creek flowing across Interstate 45 just north of Houston near The Woodlands . @SCStormChasers # TADD # houwx # txwx https://t.co/Us5Hngturw", "entity": [{"entity": "Spring Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Interstate 45", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "The Woodlands", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- JUST IN : Lake Conroe Dam has been opened . All areas down stream , including Spring Creek , look out ! # KHOU11 Courtesy : Joe Smith . https://t.co/2qit7MVm7p", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Conroe Dam", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Spring Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : CERTIFIED NURSES & amp ; SOCIAL WORKERS - YOU ARE NEEDED ! If you can safely get to the GRB , please go . Find Tom McCasland - head of operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GalenaParkISD : ( 1/2 ) Assistance needed at North Shore Senior High 9th Grade Center ! ! NS9 is in need of towels , blankets and packaged food items .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Shore Senior High 9th Grade Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [60, 100]}, {"entity": "NS9", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GalenaParkISD : ( 2/2 ) Volunteers are needed as well , but ONLY if you can safely travel there . The address to NS9 : 13501 Holly Park Houston , Texas 77015", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @mmmiklik : @spann Some more CoCoRahs totals out of Texas this morning https://t.co/USNokUD8Om", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you wish to donate : https://t.co/CMsOmSz78F To receive ( non - emergency ) help / volunteer after storm : https://t.co/xiU5nMzsBR # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @HaleyKPRC Hmmm , ... I do n't recall a lot of palms in that area . Who took this ? 🤔", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HPMNews887 : UPDATE : $ 3 billion estimate just for immediate needs in Houston . https://t.co/4MiSWBL1gJ # Harvey # HoustonFlooding @fema https://t.co/kRi9wJ7swx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JenCarfagno : Downtown Houston flooding Monday afternoon https://t.co/CQ2GwMHPHH", "entity": [{"entity": "Downtown Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @IanMckayWx : Cypress Creek is completely inundating Interstate 45 between Cypresswood Dr & amp ; FM 1960 . @SCStormChasers # TADD # houwx # txwx https://t.co/hdMwN7WaLf", "entity": [{"entity": "Cypress Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Interstate 45", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "Cypresswood Dr", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "FM 1960", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SpaceCityWX : Harvey almost certainly the biggest US flood storm of all time Allison pales in comparison . https://t.co/xckOlIWmpu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flooding at Buffalo Bayou in Memorial City https://t.co/qqXBJ0lubh", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo Bayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Memorial City", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CajunAngela : I hate the storm but I LOVE the way we work a disaster . # Houston It works and it 's worth it . # You'reWelcome @BakerRipley", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @PatrinaC please take a look at flood victims we have been in contact with and also put them in notice with your volunteers as well", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here we go . Starling & amp ; I are back out ready for another day , trying to be positive . @Fox26Houston # HoustonStrong https://t.co/eeEJS1qfQP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GeneforTexas : Again : If you have a small boat that can be used for water rescue , please call : OEM Chief Flannigan - 713.305.3789", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Conroe calls for evacuations in response to record release from lake conroe . https://t.co/2p134fA7JE # Harvey # houstonflooding # houwx https://t.co/lF6xMgQIpQ", "entity": [{"entity": "Conroe", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "lake conroe", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KatherineBlunt : JUST IN : This is a LIST of @HEB stores OPEN in greater Houston on Mon . during # Harvey Most closing at 3 p.m. https://t.co/A7EPWahNDS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @robyns323 We are the 4th largest city in America . And very close to 3rd population wise ! This is devastating ! ! I 'm still in total disbelief of it all !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @mandypoemurphy Happy to help . Stay safe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JJWatt : Hit $ 500k within 24 hours . I 've raised the goal to $ 1 million . Incredible to witness people coming together for the greater good of humanity https://t.co/ZGllA96pwD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @_michaelhughes1 : Wow . Unbelievable . # prayforhouston # houstonflooding # HurricaneHarvey # houstonstrong https://t.co/BWr0bSryrs", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @petiteadrienne @BillBishopKHOU @TiffanyKHOU Ok , asking our desk to confirm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jordan_rubio : Flooded frontage road at I-10 and Oxford in the Heights https://t.co/sXBGW52YVb", "entity": [{"entity": "frontage road at I-10 and Oxford in the Heights", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [38, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @tizamay Thanks you too", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @thehill : Texas governor activates state 's entire National Guard in response to Harvey https://t.co/P78ddTIaz3 https://t.co/zXkmvKcUVC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FortBendISD : # Harvey https://t.co/i34MA7WBKi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Dickinson now under mandatory evacuation . Those needing help can call the city at 281 - 337 - 4700 ext 311 # khou # Harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LauraSierraTV : El centro de convenciones George R. Brown necesita enfermeros y trabajadores sociales , que puedan llegar de manera segura @noticiashouston https://t.co/7ulCHViRF3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @trangqdo @trangqdo The United Way Relief Fund is dedicated to helping our community recover from # Harvey , nothing else . Thanks for your support !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @_SusanCarroll : Dickinson now has a mandatory evacuation order , too . # houstonflood https://t.co/hZKr2uVnUA", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- PLEASE SHARE : Shelter list in # Houston area ( subject to change ) https://t.co/dboVb7mRLg @KPRC2 # Harvey # HoustonFlood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosenbergPolice : If anyone has any extra kennels that they are willing to donate and can safely bring them to Terry High School , ... https://t.co/539kVZXCKO", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Harvey almost certainly the biggest US flood storm of all time https://t.co/dNLvEAHAZU via @SpaceCityWX", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Patriots : Robert Kraft & amp ; Patriots pledge to match up to $ 1 million in donations to @RedCross Hurricane Harvey Disaster Relief : https://t.co/vJ5wXgOLXw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @marieeeel94 No , it 's not !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Please be advised : Constellation Field in Sugar Land is a staging area for City of Sugar Land evacuees only . it is not a shelter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constellation Field in", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "Sugar Land", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Updated rainfall totals from the past 4 days show widespread areas greater than 10 \" with a large swath over 30 \" # houwx # glswx # bcswx # txwx https://t.co/6nlrf9DtJJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JohnCornyn : FEMA director advises those who have suffered losses due to # HurricaneHarvey should register at https://t.co/OXANhgoHr7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jillphou @kprckhambrel says it 's out of banks and may have already crested , water level has fluctuated", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @PureReidRage10 Please follow our tweets we have many families still in need . Thank you for your service", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @_SusanCarroll Yes . Let 's see what I can do to help . See me in the slack channel", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jofolsom https://t.co/qrQbzdgC8a", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- A look at 59 & amp ; Elgin . Flooding from # Harvey that just has n't gone down . @Fox26Houston https://t.co/hYzGyFMUbl", "entity": [{"entity": "59", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Help needed ! @KPRC2 https://t.co/U2hvVrl7IO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @EElwellWHIO : Runway at Houston Hobby Airport . Via KTRK - No flying in or out for a while . # Harvey https://t.co/a5ikGcvSjn", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobby Airport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @BuddyFrmDaBlock This family has been rescued ! Please delete tweets of families that have been rescued to prevent confusion thank you for your service", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- As soon as I know more about the baby , I 'll let you guys know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @stjbs : An immense challenge all round . There 's an 8-month - old baby missing , that was handed off to rescuers . \" They do n't know where the baby is . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Got word that this Wednesday 's regularly scheduled City Council meeting will be held at the GRB because City Hall has no power . # harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AndRChelsea : My brother has been at work at a hospital in Houston since Friday night , they are not able or even allowed to leave . They need rest . https://t.co/lEJmwtwcki", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- call 911 or coast guard https://t.co/1Qhx5BUyhn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RobertsTX126 : .@lonestarcollege is now making @LSC_Kingwood & amp ; @LSCCyFair available . Been informed that @LSCNorthHarris is full # HD126 https://t.co/bMo59Gnr7J", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Brazoria , Fort Bend , Galveston , Harris , Matagorda and Wharton County until 5:45pm Monday . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazoria", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Fort Bend", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Galveston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Harris", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Matagorda", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "Wharton County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I 'm trying to be strong but I 'm human and I just want to cry . This is Timber Lakes Timber Ridge -- back of The Woodlands . # KHOU11 https://t.co/YCR07gkfxS", "entity": [{"entity": "Timber Lakes Timber Ridge", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [84, 109]}, {"entity": "The Woodlands", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @teddy_cat1 @BuddyFrmDaBlock The original tweet has modified rescue updates . We do encourage these . Thank you for your service ! ❤ ️", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SpringISD : https://t.co/1rERvY7lgk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DORADAEXPLORER : ATTENTION : MO CITY / SIENNA ... https://t.co/D2o0r1No3l", "entity": [{"entity": "MO CITY", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "SIENNA", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- NEW : Flash Flood Warning . 1 - 3 \" has fallen , and another 1 \" possible . https://t.co/PSKuJoD6oV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- DO NOT go site - seeing . First - responders are trying to help save people . @KPRC2 https://t.co/Z4pRpicQ9S", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here are a list of @kroger and @HEB stores that are open in the Houston area . https://t.co/BgI6QPZdvs More grocery stores to come", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RepAlGreen : Sienna Plantation Safe Evacuation Route - https://t.co/XoSrLVpnLd", "entity": [{"entity": "Sienna Plantation", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Gov. Abbott says local leaders are courageous and heroic . The most important thing we have are our lives . # houstonflooding", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @PasadenaISD_TX : The Dobie High School Shelter is at maximum capacity . This shelter has accepted as many community members as it can accommodate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dobie High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TelemundoNews : EN VIVO : Conferencia de prensa del gobernador de # Texas sobre las inundaciones causadas por # Harvey https://t.co/YBJcQkUwS3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- LIVE NOW : @KPRCRYAN in Missouri City where people have been waiting 4 hours to get into the grocery store to restock https://t.co/CAh13gUFK4", "entity": [{"entity": "Missouri City", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- An update on shelters in and near the Cy - Fair community for those displaced by # HurricaneHarvey flooding . https://t.co/nuGbdOqpnx", "entity": [{"entity": "Cy - Fair", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Little York and 59-extremely high water . Avoid area . Stopped quickly to assist while en route to another rescue call . # harvey # hounews https://t.co/uxDpy5JiQm", "entity": [{"entity": "Little York and 59-extremely", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @feministlib @CrowGirl42 Thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water is rising over roads near the Brazos , cutting of evacuation routes for local residents hoping to flee before the river crests Tuesday https://t.co/KvXmTA8RWC", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazos", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : # harveyrescue # harveysos @hurricanehneed https://t.co/JGbFQDaqdT", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Families rescued as neighborhoods turn to lakes . Strangers showing up with boats to help # WereAllinthisTogether @abc13houston # Harvey https://t.co/ojGflRbAyV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @chad_norvell : Brazos River rising rapidly in Richmond . # HouWx https://t.co/alzsgGEF3a", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazos River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Richmond", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Today 's @HoustonMatters -- w/ latest on # houstonflooding -- is online here : https://t.co/jpEVt5tLws # houwx # Harvey2017 @HoustonPubMedia https://t.co/HJDqdxArvS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Rudis_R : Anybody with flood damages https://t.co/4IxafT5pn2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TedABC13 @HoustonMetro It 's actually @METROHouston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Texas regulators report gas spill due to Harvey . https://t.co/er1EX8qe6a # Harvey # houstonflooding # houwx https://t.co/8d2W3lXbg0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We 've gotten a number of these alerts like these over the past few days . This is a first . Mandatory evacuations in @DickinsonTXNews # khou11 https://t.co/KkZILoYDS2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Pecan Grove Evacuation Route # ABC13 ( revised ) https://t.co/vA2KG2eqdK", "entity": [{"entity": "Pecan Grove", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ErbyAtkins : Had so much fun last year that I HAD to do it again ! Excited to start fresh with my new coach @stevemagness at the 2017 # tcsnycmarathon https://t.co/o0tI1cwSdN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ewdrew1977 @Fox26Houston Thank you", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @NewThor @Fox26Houston :(", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Who is in # Richmond doing rescues ? ? ? ? Please help ! ! They 're on verge of floating away ! # cajunArmy # sosHarvey # sosHouston # soshelp https://t.co/5MklMiA35O", "entity": [{"entity": "Richmond", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SindyEspinozaTV : La recomendación sigue siendo quedarse en sus casas . https://t.co/CoLiyrkgOp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thankful to Pct . 1 community emergency response team ( C.E.R.T ) coming to help us on 59 & amp ; Cavalcade . # badflooding", "entity": [{"entity": "59", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Cavalcade", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HarrisCountyAO : Harris County Criminal District Courts report all Harris County courts will remain closed for business through Labor Day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Latest # BrazosRiver forecast here . Note : record level surpasses Tues am . # abc13 @fbcso @fbcoem @chad_norvell https://t.co/GPbYL51xhh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TxStormChasers Thank you for leaving the cameras at home ! ! I 'm disgusted with the amount of people who 'd rather take pictures instead of help ! ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The City of Dickinson has ordered a mandatory evacuation . More details are available on their FB page https://t.co/3LFuMTHPzD", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The City of Dickinson has ordered a mandatory evacuation . More details are available on their FB page https://t.co/wzTyCHQjyy", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @rineiciaaaa _ : I called these fools and told them stop playing in the water this what they go do 🤦 🏽‍ ♀ ️ 😭 https://t.co/TToSPoORIM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @_SusanCarroll : Neighborhoods along the San Jacinto River are now flooding . That 's Ship Channel area . Records may reach ' 94 levels , flood control says .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jacinto River", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ndhapple wanted me to let the @statesman he 's alive https://t.co/YNx6n6XQue", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@GrillMarks passing your question to @ReadyHarris # Harvey # houstonflooding https://t.co/67mCGRUMYE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ready to Pitch - In ? @VolunteerHou launches VIRTUAL Volunteer Reception Center to Aid Groups in Flood Relief https://t.co/USlg7qZVWB https://t.co/F2kwR3ZFnu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @mizzousundevil @Jdharden @ryanmhandy Thanks you guys are the best", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcfcd : Cypress Creek and Inverness Forest Levee at 2:00pm . Creek has crested but monitoring rain forecast . # houwx # txwx https://t.co/FQtIOfj7Ec", "entity": [{"entity": "Cypress Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Inverness Forest Levee", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [41, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @billings_steve : Kindness is a wonderful thing . Spread some around today .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Evacuation Routes out of # # FortBendCounty # TSHarvey # houstonflood https://t.co/6T5p0hmJ7B", "entity": [{"entity": "FortBendCounty", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RebeccaABC13 : Sienna Plantation Evacuation Route . # ABC13 https://t.co/FQmyRhuvWB", "entity": [{"entity": "Sienna Plantation", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- TX ST Guard arriving in Harris County . So many still in need of rescue . Thankful for the help . Let 's get to work ! # harvey https://t.co/BQcBiWAcqC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Greeting Houstonians at @GRBCC https://t.co/AChgxJzabU", "entity": [{"entity": "@GRBCC", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @corybantic : # HoustonStrong https://t.co/EeQZNndGkG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- So proud of our @BrandiKHOU & amp ; @KHOU_MSandoval ! Here 's @CBSNews story on their amazing rescue # KHOU11 # StandsForHouston https://t.co/KykJcCrc51", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Trollmes @BillBishopKHOU it means that access to them is flooded , and it 's not clear when the roads will clear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @wfaachannel8 @ErikaFerrandoTV Yes you may !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOUBlake11 : JUST IN : Lake Conroe Dam has been opened . All areas down stream , including Spring Creek , look out ! # KHOU11 Courtesy : Joe Smith . https://t.co/2qit7MVm7p", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Conroe Dam", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Spring Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HarveySOS # HarveyRescue # HoustonRescue # HoustonFlood # HoustonSOS # NeedRescue # CajunNavy # HurricaneHarvey # Harvey # SoS # HoustonStrong https://t.co/WODhlaaAda", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here at the GRB checking on our flooded citizens . Thanks for all the donations . https://t.co/YD4STt8Jze", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCSOTexas : HCSO deputies conducting the evacuation of St. Luke 's Hospital at 249 & amp ; Cypresswood . Amazing teamwork ! We are so proud of our team . https://t.co/L98AYaVgGb", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Luke 's Hospital at 249", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [70, 97]}, {"entity": "Cypresswood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LETHALWEAPONMV : @LindseyFOX26 reporting for @Fox26Houston on 59 & amp ; Elgin next to Midtown # TropicalStormHarvey https://t.co/RXXrSSJSp7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SpaceCityWX : Slowly , verrrrrrrry slowly , the risk for heaviest rains is moving east of Houston . https://t.co/2kr00mMS9 t", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LogophilicMind Thanks so much . There are several funds for relief . Donations to the Red Cross are greatly appreciated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SylvesterTurner : Here at the GRB checking on our flooded citizens . Thanks for all the donations . https://t.co/YD4STt8Jze", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GhettoDreamz10 : Glad your safe # SoonerStrong in Houston https://t.co/56PASsRrp7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- House On Fire - E019 , L019 , D019 , E009 , SQ027 , E027 - Hutton - Liberty Rd - 14:38 - https://t.co/EvLVX7e0wz", "entity": [{"entity": "Hutton - Liberty Rd", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- House On Fire - D020 , L020 , E018 , E025 , M040 - Juliet - S Loop E - 14:38 - https://t.co/M2CSOArgNi", "entity": [{"entity": "Juliet - S Loop E", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Zoryzamarron @HerzogWeather @RebeccaSpera any word on this", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lequin_82 @FoxNews @CNN @weatherchannel @GaughanSurfing I did , thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TexasSuccess : Information about Texas Community Colleges impacted by Hurricane Harvey https://t.co/xyaEAHudsY # TXsuccess # txlege", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HarveySOS # HarveyRescue # HoustonRescue # HoustonFlood # HoustonSOS # NeedRescue # CajunNavy # HurricaneHarvey # Harvey # SoS # HoustonStrong https://t.co/JM3jWii0fS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Showycat @KHOU Meyerland plaza", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- A list of communities possibly impacted by overflowing dams . Map soon . Officials say residents should consider evacuating . # HarveyFlood https://t.co/BC6usB15Am", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kendradenton @HTownFan713 Once you install Zello enter \" Harvey \" in the search box under add channel , and you will see the \" Harvey Rescue \" Channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : # harveyrescue # harveysos @hurricanehneed https://t.co/AtAYGdfePk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Hugaporcupine83 : Dog Shelter Flooding ! ! ! # HarveyRescue # HarveySOS @HurricaneHNeed @alt_noods https://t.co/RBf5OYvhyB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E027 - Collingsworth St - Pickfair - 14:44 - https://t.co/ti6Cdqvc9W", "entity": [{"entity": "Collingsworth St - Pickfair", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kendradenton @HTownFan713 Here is what it looks like ..... https://t.co/tpd8RqUsGk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : # harveyrescue # harveysos @hurricanehneed https://t.co/BLuIlmTAtW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Hugaporcupine83 : # HarveyRescue # HarveySOS @HurricaneHNeed @alt_noods https://t.co/HlYuup1nJ1", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : # harveyrescue # harveysos @hurricanehneed https://t.co/JRP3RWYoNM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @McSweeney_69 Our signal keeps dropping ... sorry ... wish we could control that ! Hey in regard to hotels opening up as shelters , have n't heard anything", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MelakaZeraven https://t.co/qMJMCKXIaD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The Astros - Rangers series scheduled to be played at Minute Maid Park this week has been moved to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg , Fla.", "entity": [{"entity": "Minute Maid Park", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JAEIII @HerzogWeather @CaseyWeather @SamicaKnight13 Thanks so much , Joe ! It 's not a sacrifice . It 's a privilege to cover this great city , the volunteers & amp ; 1st responders risking it all to help", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Johnny_Joey I have to check the spelling on my recording , but it was similar to Mustafa Herby ( I know that 's how his last name is spelled )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Hit us up , hell even call me text Robert 832 - 782 - 7305 or Shevon George 832 232 8293 # HarveyFlood https://t.co/vYS2WXJ6gQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @EricaGordon1 @abc13houston which part is not passable ? Including question for @RebeccaSpera @RebeccaABC13", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MelakaZeraven @socialgoodinact Thank you for all of your help ❤ ️", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : # harveyrescue # harveysos @hurricanehneed https://t.co/MAzUQKjoIz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kajaral : IF ANYONE WITH A BOAT IS NEAR GRAND MISSION PLEASE SEND HELP TO : 19410 Bronte Springs Ct , Richmond , Tx 77407 My friend needs to evacuate ! !", "entity": [{"entity": "19410 Bronte Springs Ct , Richmond , Tx 77407", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [91, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JJWatt : The generosity of @CP3 's $ 50k donation is actually what put us over the $ 500k mark . Phenomenal stuff from donations both large and small .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # Astros - Rangers will be played in Tampa Tues : 6:10p ct We d : 6:10p ct Thu : 12:10 p ct No announcement yet on Fri - Sun vs Mets", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcfcd : For list of possibly impacted subdivisions due to Addicks and Barker reservoirs visit : https://t.co/OasrWpUTs2", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Ken_Rosenthal : Weekend series between # Mets and # Astros most likely will be at Tropicana Field , source tells the Athletic , confirming @AP report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tropicana Field", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- JUST IN : Per @HoustonRockets , Leslie Alexander & amp ; team contributing $ 4 million to Mayor Turner 's Hurricane Harvey Relief Fund . # khou11", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @McSweeney_69 You too James ! Stay safe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TuveysTongue @KHOU @DickinsonTXNews I thought that might have something to do with the town . Sorry for the mistake on that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : .@HoustonTexans to play Cowboys in Arlington instead of Houston due to weather # Harvey # WeAreTexans https://t.co/a8RCEbHJHU https://t.co/VtXCGCxsNw", "entity": [{"entity": "Arlington", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Press conference update at @GRBCC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FAANews : # Harvey Info : The # FAA does not want you to fly # drones in the aftermath of # Harvey . Allow 1st responders to work . https://t.co/rN9b6GgxhX https://t.co/DFOq1R1Hio", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Grocery Stores in Houston Area Open on Monday 8/28 https://t.co/RDufDuotC8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Residents in Fort Bend County - Please follow @FBCOEM for updates on current evacuations . NO Evacuations currently in the City of Houston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : AGAIN- CONSTELLATION FIELD IS NOT A SHELTER . They are NOT taking people .", "entity": [{"entity": "CONSTELLATION FIELD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Out reporting and contributing to our coverage from the field . Our team did a great job this weekend . Thanks for watching CJ ! https://t.co/fbqjsOgUx5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : NEW SHELTER- OPENS AT 4PM Thurgood Marshall High School 1220 Buffalo Run Missouri City https://t.co/sj3Ed82mBB", "entity": [{"entity": "Thurgood Marshall High School 1220 Buffalo Run Missouri City", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [50, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @markgnarza We are organizing efforts to help after the storm . Do n't hesitate to fill this out , if u want aid or to volunteer : https://t.co/xiU5nMzsBR", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Glynn_Hill : Texas Southern VP of athletics : All school athletic activities are suspended this week through at least Sunday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : HELP NEED : Certified nurses and wheelchairs needed at the @GRBCC if you can help please assist # Houston # nurses # currentneeds # HoustonFlood https://t.co/SUIRZvNVJR", "entity": [{"entity": "@GRBCC", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Checking out the Precinct today . Sincere thanks to our staffers who r working so hard during this natural disaster . Stay safe ! # harvey https://t.co/nYjg7omaAA", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- WEST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Southbound At CLAY DR - Accident - Status : Cleared at 3:15 PM", "entity": [{"entity": "WEST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Southbound At CLAY DR", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @shamz_283 : @PoojaOnTV Please share ! Doing what I can for my city since I ca n't be there to help ! ! https://t.co/TEbnfEJgw7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- While some of us are risking our lives to help people in need . Others are taking advantage and Looting . What a shame . # HarveyFlood https://t.co/PwYhovPWKm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RWwatchMA : Lindsey Henry from Norththeast Houston . Roads are flooded , it 's dangerous , on @Fox26Houston LiveFeed : https://t.co/kaB1UKDJTK @LindseyFOX26 https://t.co/6eK4xrUlGo", "entity": [{"entity": "Norththeast Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Flash Flood Warning including Pasadena TX , Pearland TX , Friendswood TX until 5:45 PM CDT https://t.co/ozqIiuKYQD", "entity": [{"entity": "Pasadena TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Pearland TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Friendswood TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ImJessicaWilley : The rain wo n't stop . # Harvey # ABC13 https://t.co/36Y7DnT5Yz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We will get through this , we will come out stronger , President @realDonaldTrump says about # harvey # houwx # txwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flood Warning for Polk County . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [{"entity": "Polk County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jmsunseri @UWSSEC i agree , that there has to be a recalibration after this kind of event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IMPORTANT : If you will have a # Harvey insurance claim read this thread . New state laws taking effect Friday could leave you high & amp ; dry . https://t.co/5tsjRkkNfO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonRockets : Leslie Alexander & amp ; the # Rockets are contributing $ 4 million dollars to Mayor @SylvesterTurner 's Hurricane Harvey Relief Fund . # HoustonStrong https://t.co/3OOLm4CntD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jfoylenyc Donations would be greatly appreciated ! https://t.co/zPKXBqVUWG . Thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @2Danelia : Es lo que está pasando ahorita mismo en Spring @noticiashouston @raulpeimbert @PrimerImpacto @borjavoces ya quiero q deje de llover # Harvey https://t.co/VaLrYDhaKr", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ellen Degeneres and her show donating $ 50k to the Red Cross to help flood victims , also giving $ 25k to the @spcaoftexas", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ayuda a las personas afectadas por el huracán Harvey . Tu colaboración permitirá a la Cruz Roja ayudar a los afectados . Tlf : 1.800.842.2200 https://t.co/iIJJsoDh59", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @chevd80 : Fair point made by @SylvesterTurner about evacuation via @Fox26Houston . @LindseyFOX26 # HoustonStrong https://t.co/MOP5r3xn8 G", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The Astros home series vs. Texas has been moved to St. Petersburg , FL . Details on refunds here https://t.co/UADjRu43YG", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Petersburg , FL", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- This is not true , the mayor was on our broadcast and said no . https://t.co/Jo9WHikVmP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RockabyeAnnie @CajunNavy2016 @USCG Is there a contact phone for rescuers ? To touch base with those in need", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- North Texas Opening Shelters For Harvey Evacuees https://t.co/RNr7KoBqXT", "entity": [{"entity": "North Texas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jonahbtx : Catastrophic flooding and damage on campus at the University of Houston @abc13houston # ABC13Eyewitness # HoustonFlood # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/8Rg81Q9lb5", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Houston", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [76, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Rescuing families with children , taking them to a safe place , & amp ; then back to pickup more . # harvey # hounews # houwx https://t.co/l2sogEhxL6", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HerzogWeather : Favor to ask . This is a national disaster here around Houston . This is not a spectator sport . We need your help and your prayers . Thanks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- “ Extiendo mis pensamientos y oraciones todos los afectados por el huracán Harvey \" : presidente Trump https://t.co/GolQKT1DjT # Harvey # Texas https://t.co/4ipJZsnwyz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @andress10012 No , there are no closures reported . Please use caution while driving and drive to conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @007_MrOhio54 Yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@SylvesterTurner says immigration status should not be a concern for those # HoustonFloods # Harvey seeking help @KPRC2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BillyNungesser : The # CajunNavy is on the way . # PrayersforTexas https://t.co/oSNlKQfxyf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Forged_Mendez What is the contact phone number for your party in need of rescue ? Also how many people are in need", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Christmasguydan @KHOU I 'm sorry I have n't heard . The flooding is restricting us to certain parts of the city so we have n't been by there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : UPDATE : @HobbyAirport and @iah are CLOSED until further notice . https://t.co/JpYxmnAnAk # HoustonFlood https://t.co/ydmBi3AiwT", "entity": [{"entity": "@HobbyAirport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "@iah", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoarseWisperer : Oh , thank you , sweet , merciful lord for sparing Joel Osteen 's 16,000 seat Lakewood Church . Now , if only it had opened its doors to the needy https://t.co/4lzn1MsMcW", "entity": [{"entity": "Lakewood Church", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [110, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @VoodooCoochie No problem ! ! ! Doing everything we can .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Download the Red Cross shelter app to find a Red Cross shelter location near you at https://t.co/OB36nh0fEY . # RedCross # HurricaneHarvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @markmobility : Houston 's Joel Osteen has a net worth over $ 50 m and a church that holds 16,800 but this is all he 's offering . https://t.co/rmhdWK6ZAO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @tblack : Joel Osteen : We will pray for the people of Houston . Houston locals : Can we use your church for shelter ? Osteen : https://t.co/xhfke5LfWy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RickyrickMan No , we do not anticipate any additional impacts to US 290 . For areas that have water , we will inspect once it drains .", "entity": [{"entity": "US 290", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @edsbs : if you see a photo of a shark swimming down a freeway in Houston it is fake , the real one has a Texans hat on and is holding a beverage", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Back on the road ! Amazing what few hours of sleep will do . Snacks packed & amp ; headed to Fort Bend County to cover evacuations # Harvey # KHOU11 https://t.co/hg3G4uw1c4", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Bend County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Major League Baseball and MLB Players Association to jointly donate $ 1 million to Harvey relief effort", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATE : Houston considers opening another major shelter , FEMA funds feel pinch already . https://t.co/gQUJo7Q0A2 # Harvey # HoustonFlooding https://t.co/tpl7dPZcLn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Continuing to take care of our own . # LesAlexander donates $ 4 M for # HurricaneHarvey @HoustonRockets @SylvesterTurner https://t.co/RjJ6kBMUhf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-1887 Northbound At FM-3346 - High Water - Status : Verified at 3:57 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-1887 Northbound At FM-3346", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thank you , @ChrisStrub , for being a # worldchanger and helping us get the word out ! https://t.co/YRul57KA2f", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KDTrey5 : Prayers up for Houston . God Bless", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Montgomery , Waller , and Wharton County until 7:00pm Monday . https://t.co/gtaPn1bngy", "entity": [{"entity": "Montgomery", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Waller", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Wharton County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AnhTNguyen : .@cre8iveii @ATDHouston @RISC_Inc @SheldonAYS @KrisGillentine @MadalynSklar @pookiegalore @RebCouncill @kamichat Pls RT and share ! https://t.co/vflh98bYeH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @gottaluvliz Have n't heard sorry !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 45 at Cypresswood right now . People are going for it . Boats launching in other side . # houstonflood https://t.co/dkftfH9ILc", "entity": [{"entity": "45 at Cypresswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCSOTexas : At this time , we are unable to confirm a media report that 6 people in a white van were swept away by flooding on Sunday afternoon . # harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-529 Westbound At BRAZOS RIVER / WALLER - AUSTIN COUNTY LINE - High Water - Status : Verified at 4:04 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-529 Westbound At BRAZOS RIVER / WALLER - AUSTIN COUNTY LINE", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-10 Westbound At FM-359 - High Water - Status : Verified at 4:02 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-10 Westbound At FM-359", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FortBendCoPct3 : SHELTER INFO : First UMC 431 Eldridge Rd . , Sugar Land , TX 77478 Christ UMC 3300 Austin Parkway , Sugar Land , TX 77479 # Fortbend # harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "@FortBendCoPct3", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "UMC 431 Eldridge Rd . , Sugar Land , TX 77478", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [53, 98]}, {"entity": "Christ UMC 3300 Austin Parkway , Sugar Land , TX 77479", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [99, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JanelleKHOU : Meyerland Plaza looks to have suffered minimal flood damage . Some water in stores it appears . # KHOU11 # Harvey https://t.co/irHxyL3niv", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyerland Plaza", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FortBendCoPct3 : # CajunNavy Contact : Download Zello App , sign up , search for Cajun Navy Dispatch Channel , radio in your location . # Harvey # Fortbend", "entity": [{"entity": "@FortBendCoPct3", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DougDelonyKHOU : # BREAKING : 60-year - old woman killed when tree falls on home in Montgomery County , sheriff 's office confirms # KHOU11 https://t.co/eCG3cA6gsB", "entity": [{"entity": "Montgomery County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JMilesKHOU : .. These are evacuees from Dickinson . About 200 people and some pets . Not from Galveston . GFD wanted to stress # khou11 # harvey https://t.co/HlFfcUaTEp", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Galveston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KevinReeceWFAA : Evacuations recommended by authorities in Dickinson while we toured flooded neighborhoods . Now heading to higher ground @KHOU @wfaachannel8 https://t.co/mYlr6FSjpM", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Anheuser - Busch Stops Canning Beer , Sending Canned Water To Harvey Victims https://t.co/k968ZGUypl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HTownFan713 : @imkevinquinn @FortBendCoPct3 Check @FBCTraffic and @fbcoem just reported that 359 is flooded at holmes", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HoustonStrong # houstonflood https://t.co/YRul582aTN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Our teams continue to check road conditions . These were just taken . # Harvey # houstonflood https://t.co/Zer9TuAwFa", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstontranstar : IH-10 Eastbound At BRAZOS RIVER / WALLER - AUSTIN COUNTY LINE - High Water - Status : Verified at 4:05 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-10 Eastbound At BRAZOS RIVER / WALLER - AUSTIN COUNTY LINE", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you 're seeing rumors of a failure on Lake Conroe , here it is from the lake folks themselves . @KPRC2 # HarveyFlood https://t.co/g8Rwyhfm4P", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Conroe", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FireChiefofHFD @MarioGa50826448 Números de Emergencia https://t.co/pAJD6degfv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Authorities look into reports that 6 family members drowned in Houston flooding https://t.co/UA6Knj3lif via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ndhapple Nope , YOURE the best for picking me up and taking me with you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Houston is so lucky to have @SpaceCityWX and @mattlanza . Keep up the great work , y' all ! https://t.co/nJlpwY63WB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @WedgewoodElem : @Aaron_Beaty _ We have had an overwhelming response from the community ! We have all the donations we need at this time . Evacuees will soon be relocated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TheEllenShow : Texas , I love you . # HoustonStrong https://t.co/z1ly4bFG7l", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-529 Eastbound At FM-362 - High Water - Status : Verified at 4:10 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-529 Eastbound At FM-362", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We have 259 points so far from the form . That does n't count areas I picked up on twitter , reddit , Nextdoor or email .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @davidhunn So glad you guys are safe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOUSergioSoto : 3rd C130 arrives in Galveston , Tx to evacuate Harvey flood victims to Dallas , TX # KHOU # TexasAirGuard https://t.co/BGOaLNVydH", "entity": [{"entity": "Galveston , Tx", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "Dallas , TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @acostaeaa We 're there live now ! ! ! Tune in @AnoushahKPRC is there", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @strosbeforehos tell us about it !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : FEMA : We need citizens to be involved . This is a landmark event ... You could n't draw this situation up . We need the whole community . # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Wish people would stop spreading misinformation ! ! ! Not helping https://t.co/Eokp3zgfgI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LeanOllie We are I promise !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ConsulMexHou : Telefónos a tener a la mano : CIAM 1 855 463 6395 * El 1 es importante Emergencias de vida o muerte : 911 Otras emergencias : 311 https://t.co/OJbU6ZHdmh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Evacuación obligatoria en Dickinson , en el sureste de # Texas . https://t.co/7lkzXQ6JQ2 # Harvey # Dickinson https://t.co/bA4z7TCV72", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @eramshaw For a second I thought this was in Houston and I got ~really~ excited", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The western edge of Greater Houston is taking the next big hit https://t.co/S4IXw6g8zg", "entity": [{"entity": "Greater Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Homer DeLeon and his nine children , some barefooted , heading for their first ever plane trip . Aboard a C130 . To safety . # harvey # khou11 https://t.co/xTDFgj682H", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @croosen48168 @rei_m3 m @Dbanks5486 Great this family is # harveysafe and have been rescued", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Amber_Addison _ : # Harvey : if your phone is dying and water is rising now that dams are open / breaking - head to your roof & amp ; save your battery /1 # Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Oenonewept # dreamlife # goals # killerhair what 's not to love ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Amber_Addison _ : You may need it to alert choppers tonight as a flashlight . ( Take a flashlight too if you have it . ) and a sheet . Mark local with SOS . /2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : # BREAKING : @GregAbbott_TX activates entire Texas National Guard to assist in rescuing flood victims https://t.co/afkyF2nW1S # KPRC2 https://t.co/MbrSW32Yq8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please RT : All Harris County Courts are CLOSED till Labor Day . This is for all civil , family , & amp ; criminal courts . Contact your atty . https://t.co/hCARo1I2Io", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-10 EAST Westbound At MARKET STREET RD / UVALDE RD - High Water - Status : Verified at 4:19 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-10 EAST Westbound At MARKET STREET RD / UVALDE RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BarackObama : Thank you to all the first responders and people helping each other out . That 's what we do as Americans . Here 's one way you can help now . https://t.co/iGfE8rAoAu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- HEARTBREAKING : A woman was killed after a tree fell on her trailer home in Porter https://t.co/Kzn0YNkMQS # ABC13 # Harvey https://t.co/jcjfkQW3eh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TxDOTHoustonPIO : Travel for many is not necessary . Pls stay off the road . If on the road DO NOT go the opposite direction . This is extremely dangerous . https://t.co/wsOZcmSzOR", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : # BREAKING Woman killed when tree falls on Porter mobile home & gt ; https://t.co/0cfOiol97q https://t.co/iR2w6yNWLB", "entity": [{"entity": "Porter", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Life - threatening water impacting Atascocita / Lake Houston area . HCSO making several trips until … https://t.co/krZyWmHS6b", "entity": [{"entity": "Atascocita", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Lake Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Jones5_RES I mean , that 's possible , but not something I 'd come close to being certain about .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Alerta de Inundaciones en esta Área hasta la 7:00 PM CDT.Evite Áreas Inundadas -NWS @FireChiefofHFD @FireChiefofHFD https://t.co/yIo5e6grvg", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Getting a lot of tweets from people asking for information on specific bayous . Check current water levels here : https://t.co/0UKB7KQz0F", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @karen_kosiba : Prelim # CSWR # DOW loop of eyewall mesovortices in # Harvey ... much more revealing than stills ! # txwx https://t.co/tbwhZbLoec", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Does n't matter who you are , Mayor @SylvesterTurner says shelters are open for EVERYONE . Please call for help . Shelters number : 713 - 426 - 9404", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HPMNews887 : ✅ List of shelters ✅ FEMA help ✅ Evacuations ✅ To - dos if evacuating ✅ Road closures https://t.co/uiKBeOQnWW # harvey # HoustonFlooding", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JhubbsKHOU11 : By the way ... we would not be on the air without @9NEWS and @wfaachannel8 . You all are helping us save lives right now . Thank you", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : City and County Officials Urge Residents to Donate to @greaterhoucf Relief Fund https://t.co/Ux8XoPi0Kl # hounews # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Hear how @DownHouseHTX provided relief in # HoustonHeights # houstrong https://t.co/CdcvrIEOHx https://t.co/sXD3GvTDe0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@kprcbillspencer reporting live from this area https://t.co/F6rrDG0OUp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # BREAKING - Texas Air Guard is flying evacuees from Scholes Airport in Galveston to Dallas for shelters because of # Harvey . # ABC13 # hounews https://t.co/QOfrlxb4aB", "entity": [{"entity": "Scholes Airport in Galveston", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TannerKloven and @sybil1037 from our sister station in Dallas join us now , to talk about what they 've got set up as a fundraiser there . XO", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @astros : Additionally , the series vs. the Mets may also be moved to Tropicana Field . That decision will be made later this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tropicana Field", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @dendenmog Answers coming shortly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LaurenCaruba : Brave @HoustonChron photojournalists ventured out to capture images of Harvey 's devastation to Houston : https://t.co/pwFyFFtneL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosenbergPolice : We are in need of dog kennels and supplies at George Junior High School .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Junior High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [79, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lalasoo The truest tweet to ever be tweeted", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" I got sick of watching people suffer on tv . \"-Robert Fickman on helping in rescue missions in Northeast Houston . @KPRC2 # houstonstrong https://t.co/LliubR5v7p", "entity": [{"entity": "Northeast Houston .", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [108, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Colts : To the city of Houston and the @HoustonTexans : We got your back . Text HARVEY to 90999 to donate $ 10 or Donate to https://t.co/CEZ4t101Lq https://t.co/AOdu80HemE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @crmatthews01 Has she received help ? # harveysos", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- This Montgomery County deputy ca n't get to his beat , but wo n't be beat by flooding . He 's on I-45 trying to help drivers get around . # khou11 https://t.co/zFvlTTGuYA", "entity": [{"entity": "Montgomery County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "I-45", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ImJessicaWilley : Buses from # Dickinson heading to the # GRB . Hopefully the folks we met at the shelter last night are on them . # ABC13 # Harvey https://t.co/QmoQh51mU2", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : GEORGE R. BROWN NEEDS LICENSED MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS , RNs & amp ; SOCIAL WORKERS . If you can safely get there , go . Find Tom McCasland head of ops", "entity": [{"entity": "GEORGE R. BROWN", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Anyone w / a boat wanting to help can meet at The Church at Creek 's End , 20010 Kuykendahl Rd . in Spring . Must bring life jackets . # KHOU11", "entity": [{"entity": "The Church at Creek 's End", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [57, 83]}, {"entity": "20010 Kuykendahl Rd . in Spring .", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [86, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Apartment Fire - L076 , D083 , E076 , SQ083 , E083 , SF057 - Mews Cir - Ashford Park Dr - 16:37 - https://t.co/KtA3EFQmnl", "entity": [{"entity": "Mews Cir - Ashford Park Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [72, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @VoodooCoochie @KPRC2 Need more firsthand information", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @rfelliott : Security guard Marcus Haywood has been out here 8 hours trying to help residents . https://t.co/KUW1BIzWjt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @wfaasebastian : Loading first # C130 to fly those hardest hit by # HurricaneHarvey out of # Galavston and to @CityOfDallas shelters # wfaa https://t.co/8eyYVSICMZ", "entity": [{"entity": "Galavston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "@CityOfDallas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @soozzette @guavavenezolana Thanks for the mention , Suzy - we greatly appreciate it !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @clsebrell @Lin_Manuel @CovenantHouse Cheryl , so grateful for you gift . Thank you for your support through this time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @alicat987 : Thank you @CyFairISD for providing buses to help evacuate flooded homes . Parents neighborhood was flooded and that certainly helped w / rescue", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FISOnline Thank you for this support . The long - term recovery efforts are so important once the rain stops pouring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @symooneee Have y' all been helped ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- SOME GOOD NEWS ! ! https://t.co/M9a3QhOANN # KHOU11", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Do n't believe the HYPE of what you see on social media ! Look at these viral photos that are FAKE ! https://t.co/3Rbn0hyKki", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Crazy hunger pains ! Have n't had a meal since I left home at 2:30am # harvey # houstonfloods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @PhilArcher_KPRC : Lots of homes flooded in Grand Vista subdivision , Ft Bend Co. High Water rescues going on all day https://t.co/apn6f57Xt4", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Vista subdivision , Ft Bend Co.", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [58, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- BREAKING : Shelter in place issued for residents near Highway 225 and 146 in La Porte https://t.co/0LBCvkyApG # ABC13 # Harvey https://t.co/8VLp2qC8ia", "entity": [{"entity": "Highway 225 and 146 in La Porte", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [65, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : REMINDER : Do not drive into or near flood waters for spectating . Rescues are underway and do not need additional obstructions # houwx # txwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Updated forecast rainfall for the next 3 days shows additional rain totals backing off to the west , still much expected to the east # txwx https://t.co/ASgKx4F65H", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonChron : Beyoncé pledges to ' help as many as we can ' with Hurricane Harvey relief efforts https://t.co/hmBFxEGrTq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TxDOTHoustonPIO : We are getting multiple inquiries on current road closures . Go to https://t.co/pBfQNqF1tw or https://t.co/8ieGl4GcYz for updates . https://t.co/8yZttNIlxK", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lilmonaeee _ Is there a contact phone number so that rescuers may call your grandmother ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TexasJoes @OhGeepie Thank you from across the Pond !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Baby found , reconnected with mom , according to Pct . Constable Ofc . https://t.co/o4QzWSo4Nm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TexasDSHS : It 's natural to experience strong emotions during / after a disaster . Get help : Dial 2 - 1 - 1 ( press 8) or visit https://t.co/QyMqqYd8P2 . # Harvey https://t.co/OLwKUIkDVS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : JUST IN : Harris County Judge @EdEmmett is expected to update us on the # HoustonFlood and recovery efforts at 5:15 pm . WATCH LIVE ON TV https://t.co/vVnumFf8fQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSWGRFC : Catastrophic flooding continues , additional rainfall amounts of 10 inches or more possible the next 24 hours . # txflood # txwx # harvey https://t.co/aaCW0MlwLw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lulumarisse @getlikesam It 's on Monroe & amp;&amp ; Winkler . By 45 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monroe", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Winkler", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "45", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @DiannaHunt Chemical leak , too", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : THE CITY THAT PRAYS TOGETHER ... In the rain , this family stopped to take a moment and thank God for getting them to safety . # HoustonFlood https://t.co/spr38dS6UB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Plan is to make announcement tomorrow morning so people can make donations to help . https://t.co/uEG2MjBVpk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @alexdelbarrio : The release from the # NFL on the Houston - Dallas preseason game being moved from Houston to Arlington https://t.co/YkGbqwIjlA", "entity": [{"entity": "Arlington", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : # HoustonStrong https://t.co/E9dgiGP4Rv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GregAbbott_TX : I 've now activated 12,000 Texas National Guard , our entire Guard , to respond to # HurricaneHarvey # txlege https://t.co/XllGETvZ2b", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LSCCyFair : The Berry Center , located at 8877 Barker Cypress Road , Cypress , TX 77433 has been opened as a location for temporary refuge", "entity": [{"entity": "Berry Center , located at 8877 Barker Cypress Road , Cypress , TX 77433", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [31, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CalmHolmes @txslp99 Hi Sarah ! How incredibly sweet . It 's a disaster here . We 'll get through it though !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BaytownPolice1 : If you are trapped in your home PLACE A TOWEL OR OTHER WHITE SHEET in the window , etc . so that it is visible from the street .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ' Island Of Fire Ants ' Discovered In Houston Flooding https://t.co/mISpssmxGk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @awexlerKPRC : \" We 've got to make these people comfortable , not just safe , but comfortable , \" - @EdEmmett on those in shelters . # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FBCTraffic : @HTownFan713 @KHOU @KPRC2 @fbcoem @GinaGaston13 @SpaceCityFan @LanceZierlein @SheaSerrano @kendradenton @NolanMainguy Earlier , University Blvd was clear out to 59 . Not sure of other routes .", "entity": [{"entity": "University Blvd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [156, 171]}, {"entity": "59", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [189, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Folks out here were so excited to see the # metro buses come to pick them up & amp ; take them to the evacuation center @Fox26Houston # Harvey https://t.co/bxod9m3Nyh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- SH 146 at Fred Hartman Bridge in both directions has been closed due to chemical leak from plant nearby . https://t.co/k8187zUFJ1", "entity": [{"entity": "SH 146 at Fred Hartman Bridge in both directions", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We are n't out of this yet . What we are experiencing has created a bond among this community we will never forget . # harvey https://t.co/cgEptc42wi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ColorMePerfect : 21 out of 53 rescues through @HurricaneHNeed ‼️ IF YOU KNOW ANYONE WHO NEEDS RESCUE PLEASE DM NUMBERS , NAMES & amp ; ADDRESSES @HurricaneHNeed https://t.co/gON2POshBB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Some of these people have been waiting a few minutes , others say a few hours . Many thankful to be rescued . @Fox26Houston # Harvey https://t.co/BMQVPyDzFC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @_RochelleC @KPRC2 Try calling the school directly they should answer", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- On the phone with Seth who 's saved a bunch of people who were n't able to get out of the neighborhood in Dickinson . THANK YOU ! # Harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcphtx : Whether water is deep / shallow , # floodwaters # dangerous . They carry debris , pllution / sharp objects . Keep # children out of floodwaters!#Harvey https://t.co/1CbuooRYum", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E012 - Woolworth - Rand St - 17:25 - https://t.co/e9OFYCLkPw", "entity": [{"entity": "Woolworth - Rand St", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @julieturkewitz : Abandoned cars are everywhere . Few clues as to how their drivers escaped or what became of those people afterward . https://t.co/ym5yWiSlSQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Kingnickrusso : Yall , I am literally at ground zero . Rescue helicopters flying over . Metro busses with refuges . It 's unreal how many people are helping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- BREAKING : Chemical Spill out of LaPorte , take the nearest shelter , close doors and windows , state hwy 225 & amp ; state hwy 146 . Wait for updates", "entity": [{"entity": "LaPorte", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "state hwy 225", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "state hwy 146", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jasonh_86 Not recommended . Most major roads flooded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RedCrossHouston pecan Grove Baptist church needs help w / food , supplies for evacuees . Can you call & amp ; I will get you their info ? Please DM me", "entity": [{"entity": "Grove Baptist church", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [34, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TJMShow : @RepAlGreen says what we saw on TV does n't do justice to the horrific situation in Houston . It 's worse than it looks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BrianUherek : @cohan_ds It never ceases to amaze me how Texans pull together to help one another in times of crisis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # harveysos # cajunnavy # harveyrescue # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/IlpyRJR6NU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanking @Mayer_Brown for pace - setting donation to our Hurricane Harvey Relief Fund https://t.co/6RCy6TsFdO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thank you for your support ! https://t.co/KSacXgPyLE https://t.co/6jNnOYWgBs", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Want to check the gauges in your area ? Here are some helpful websites to bookmark ! https://t.co/OXBtPATteE https://t.co/F5GERoVdba", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Stuntone : RT @KPRCSofiaOjeda : Please these children need help , being told several children and babies at this ... https://t.co/NAXljisjyf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- BEYOND HEROES : @JeffLindner1 updating VOAD partners on current flood conditions before discussing recovery objectives . # Harvey https://t.co/pio5u4W5UV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @shelbywebb : Just talked to a guy whose rescued 6 people . He moved to Houston from Iraq , where he lost his brother and house to the war . Amazing human", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- THEN TRY YOUR FIRE DEPT , AND COAST GUARD https://t.co/lsiNcN7kwI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : Man and his pup escape flooded home https://t.co/R5p8n0fApy https://t.co/1DjoT0Fdjn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kaitlinmonte : There are about 8-thousand people in shelters across the City of # Houston and Harris County area , according to Mayor @SylvesterTurner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ShesFetch : # HurricaneHarvey # Houston # HoustonFlood # Houstonhelpneeded ‼️ seen this on my Facebook & amp ; thought I 'd share it on here ! retweet ! https://t.co/Dh30IcubIz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks so much for those kind words , Rob . Stay safe . https://t.co/8SCwZS0LHr", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SallyMacFox26 : These dogs were found shivering on chains in neck deep water . Genevieve is caring for them . DM me if you can help . @Fox26Houston https://t.co/0e236B7IPP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- . @SenTedCruz said he spoke w/ @realDonaldTrump and the President said - \" Whatever the state needs , we are there , \" # Harvey @kprc2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Officers towing an abandoned vehicle were almost hit by a falling tree ; citizens came out with chainsaws to clear it ! # houstonstrong https://t.co/22CcJRYm7U", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @NCWineLady @italsista @StephenAtHome @NCWineLady - 100 % of gifts to United Way Relief Fund support our community 's recovery . Our reg overhead is 12 % , low by all standards . Ty !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FBCSO : Shelters at Capacity : BF Terry HS , Gallery Furniture , Sugar Creek Baptist Church and Cinco Ranch High School .", "entity": [{"entity": "BF Terry HS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Gallery Furniture", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "Sugar Creek Baptist Church", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [80, 106]}, {"entity": "Cinco Ranch High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [111, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- . @EdEmmett explaining how much time & amp ; effort @SenTedCruz is putting in . He 's a senator , but he 's a resident , too . It 's much appreciated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATED with info from state officials : City trying to keep operating water plant submerged by Harvey https://t.co/nRhrqBRsyJ # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Talking to @LMcCullers43 who wants to say hi to Houston and send his love and prayers . Info on the @astros games & gt;&gt;&gt ; https://t.co/ih0DOVQ98p", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LoriThompsonz @BerryCenter Yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @BOGOZA725 You took this ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @AllDayUrryDayAJ @RedCross @KPRC2 They said they can always use volunteers , especially at night and overnight", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # URGENTE orden de evacuación obligatoria para subdivision Inverness # HarrisCounty # houstonflooding @TelemundoHou https://t.co/qaWHfKoczo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Senate never even referred it to a committee ... https://t.co/PP2esxcENj", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : Update on # Harvey * * * DO NOT POST EMERGENCIES IN COMMENTS * * * https://t.co/nuHrXfwrXB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FROM @SeabrookTX | Curfew Extended for Tuesday Night # Harvey https://t.co/QmFkB5DMfc", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @EzekielElliott : Giving $ 21k to @SalvationArmyUS # Harvey2017 relief . I challenge @dak @DezBryant & amp ; @dallascowboys fans to join me . https://t.co/ZXx6K4WQ8N", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ManvelMavPics @FOX26RUBEN @fox26 Casey please be safe ! Did you get out ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KLGnews @Fox26Houston Thanks girl . It 's nonstop and the rain just keeps coming ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- my immediate thought after posting this was : wait , is it only monday ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@SatterwhiteLJ : Thank you to the public , offering so much help to us . We appreciate it . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @GradyRayJr Thanks !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MomentumPRMedia Thank you !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DisasterPIO : FROM @SeabrookTX | Curfew Extended for Tuesday Night # Harvey https://t.co/QmFkB5DMfc", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Sam Houston State football ( @BearkatSports ) opener vs Richmond moved to Waco . Kick - off at 6 pm , McLane Stadium this Friday . Free admission", "entity": [{"entity": "McLane Stadium", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # BuffaloBayou + Waugh Bat Colony 🦇 💦 ☔ ️update on the blog : https://t.co/XCJoD9vUce # hurricaneharvey # houstonflood", "entity": [{"entity": "BuffaloBayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Waugh Bat Colony", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BillBishopKHOU : The Houston fire department has responded to 2300 calls for service since midnight . Mostly in Meyerland , west Houston and Kingwood . # khou", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyerland", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "Kingwood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- So proud of our city coming together in this time of need . Would n't want to be any other place # HoustonStrong # TexasForever https://t.co/ReHH4UtCCM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BillBishopKHOU : The U.S. Coast Guard just said they 've rescued 3000 people today alone in the Houston area . They 're getting 1000 calls an hour . # khou11", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Harris County Flood Control has issued a MANDATORY EVACUATION for the Inverness Forest Subdivision # houwx # glswx # bcswx # txwx https://t.co/sNsLJflewn", "entity": [{"entity": "Inverness Forest", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [98, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Apartment Fire - L069 , M075 , SF057 , E083 , E069 , D083 - Briar Forest Dr - Trace Dr - 18:17 - https://t.co/SU3Y7LqrgL", "entity": [{"entity": "Briar Forest Dr - Trace Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [71, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @mrkmully : THIS @MPhillip_hc photo ! Tidwell at Sam Houston Pkwy . Unbelievable . More photos from entire @HoustonChron staff : https://t.co/jUl63XwqqZ https://t.co/sB4xrJOg4P", "entity": [{"entity": "Tidwell at Sam Houston Pkwy", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [52, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonChron : Why evacuating major cities before a hurricane can be deadly . https://t.co/3heNb5Hh8O", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ScottMuri : Those @SBISD families in need of shelter , please visit this site for locations in our area . https://t.co/e76Oimac7l", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Close to 5k at Houston GRB shelter . More coming . None turned away . # HurricaneHarvey # ABC13Eyewitness https://t.co/qUBCl5ZXW4", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- HFD chief : Since midnight HFD got 2,300 + calls for service , 2k water - related . In Kingwood alone , 400 calls for rescue in the last 6 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingwood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @mmorris011 : HFD chief : Since midnight HFD got 2,300 + calls for service , 2k water - related . In Kingwood alone , 400 calls for rescue in the last 6 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingwood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor Turner Establishes Harvey Relief Fund https://t.co/JrEwwyg9pI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTexans : OFFICIAL : Thursday 's game against the Cowboys has been relocated to AT&amp;T Stadium in Arlington . 📰 : https://t.co/QWhlG6Pz2i https://t.co/sl3SVDSwTC", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Right now in Houston area there 's 100,000 customers without power . It 's hard for crews to maneuver floodwaters to begin repairs # KHOU11", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Even if you do n't have a chainsaw or a boat , there are plenty of ways you can help Houstonians right now ! https://t.co/CEbL7kXBp4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATE : About 100,000 customers remain without power in Houston , says Mayor @SylvesterTurner", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MikeBastasch @emorwee @HoustonPress ICYMI https://t.co/auEvBwWSy9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : .@sylvesterturner : No importa su raíz , idioma o estatus migratoria , los servicios de emergencia están para todos . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fotojaz : Today 's @HoustonChron newspaper featuring amazing photography from our staff . Slideshow w/ updates here https://t.co/aRUwqmkSb1 # HarveyFlood https://t.co/LEv7OSCd2N", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RoqPlanas : \" It takes a real man to ride a duck , \" he says . https://t.co/Dx3QZoLHwS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Areal Flood Warning for Austin , Brazoria , Brazos , Burleson , Chambers and Colorado County until 12:45am Tuesday . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [{"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Brazoria", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Brazos", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Burleson", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Chambers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Colorado County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @margaretkadifa : Just in : 11 deaths reported related to storms # Harvey2017 https://t.co/wINjzRpUYl via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MethodistHosp : .@MethodistHosp Willowbrook Hospital is NOT evacuating patients & amp ; is operating normally . # Harvey # HoustonFlood", "entity": [{"entity": "Willowbrook Hospital", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Supplies needed in the northern Houston metro area https://t.co/M42jfzcfRB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LucyNolandFOX29 : # EMERGENCY 30 dogs & amp ; cats remain trapped at 413 Speights Loop Road Hankamer , TX 77560 . $ 3,000 reward to save them ASAP @FOX29philly PLZ RT ! https://t.co/FQecFD9bwL", "entity": [{"entity": "413 Speights Loop Road Hankamer , TX 77560", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [84, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The magnitude of this is still staggering , nausea - inducing . Floods in some places wo n't peak until * Wednesday . * https://t.co/j1bC3gfua8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Our Command Staff on a conference call working to get assets where they are most needed . # HoustonStrong # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/eRA7Oc48tE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : .@cohoustonfire and @houstonpolice have done an exemplary job . HPD has had 3052 and HFD has had 2300 calls , 2k for rescue since midnight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@satterwhitelj : I 'm happy to say we 've had minimal looting incidents . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcfcd : For those asking , maps are located here https://t.co/OasrWpUTs2 You HAVE to view this on laptop or desktop . Large files and ca n't be JPEGs", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor on the family of six that reportedly died in the flood : \" Every place that we have called , no one can confirm that . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- New mandatory evacuation for residents near Inverness Forest Levee . Full list of evacuation spots here . https://t.co/YcVNKZKN9E # ABC13", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @eniloliva_h : @martinberlanga gracias a Telemundo por la información yo tengo mi aplicación de telemundo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- La Porte Residents who are experiencing flooding in their homes , please call 281 - 470 - 0010 . Do NOT call 911 . https://t.co/2rQkBnAgqZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @lindsayaellis : Authorities look into reports that 6 family members drowned in Houston flooding https://t.co/UA6Knj3lif via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Gracias , es nuestro compromiso en @TelemundoHou https://t.co/0kFsfvHz0i", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@firechiefofhfd : Estamos usando trocas especiales en las área donde hay inundaciones altas . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HARVEY # khou \" Houston will come back better and stronger . \" says Mayor @SylvesterTurner", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please be patient . Thank you , Centerpoint ! ! @CNPalerts @KPRC2 https://t.co/ydAglhY9uY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- As Flooding Continues , FEMA Provides Essential Information for Houstonians https://t.co/CtsuWHKMoZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Houston , hang in there @astros # khou11 # harvey https://t.co/dEbIs44Ahl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @shelbywebb : Every campus in this Houston area school district is in danger of flooding . Unbelievable https://t.co/Hq3FuzwNrx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Another # HurricaneHarvey resource : Here 's what to do if your house floods https://t.co/qYp1Ri0gEP via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @righthandb @KingsBiergarten Lots and lots of folks live within a few minutes ' walk from there . :)", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GHC911 : # houwx # Houstonflood @houstonchron @galvnsreews@abc13houston @khou @kprc2 @fox26houston @ktrhnews https://t.co/66ZIt87wak", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @iAYoshie @BerryCenter If you 're able to safely get there , we can use you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AndrewKragie : UPDATE : Chemical spilled in La Porte was corrosive poison gas HCl ; another hazard in # Harvey disaster https://t.co/ox78kuufKF @houstonchron", "entity": [{"entity": "La Porte", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We 're thinking # Astros uniform arm patch as they head to the World Series . What do you think ? https://t.co/sUvB8B8wDk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JMartinFOX26 : .@HoustonPolice say looting has been \" minimal , \" but officers say they are out in full force . # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JJWatt : Over $ 800k in 26 hrs The compassion & amp ; generosity of people in times of need is truly remarkable . We must keep going ! https://t.co/WAJk7vpN3X", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcfcd : MANDATORY evacuation order for both the Inverness Forest and Northgate subdivisions ! https://t.co/3KIpUdyUwU", "entity": [{"entity": "Inverness Forest", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "Northgate", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Just heard the Mayor - this is not a confirmed report yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- SH-249 TOMBALL PARKWAY Southbound At COMPAQ CENTER DR - High Water - Status : Verified at 6:58 PM - Lanes Affected : None", "entity": [{"entity": "SH-249 TOMBALL PARKWAY Southbound At COMPAQ CENTER DR", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 🎥 Millonarias pérdidas económicas dejan las inundaciones en zonas residenciales de Houston https://t.co/4uNY47TI1j https://t.co/FJFMo4SEUT", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- In the process of registering to volunteer but the website is receiving a lot of traffic and is slow ! https://t.co/hP0TZqT7k7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @_SusanCarroll : Latest update : https://t.co/w1JcaIsoSr", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @_SusanCarroll :(", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Working with @CNPalerts to make sure we can open roads as quickly and safely as possible to restore power - @ReadyHarris https://t.co/kvXwMe5EE9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HoustonStrong https://t.co/cfVzuliANe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Zanzibar_McFate It 's finally starting to lighten up now", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BCMEmergencyMed : Many thanks to our \" Ride Out Team \" for holding down the fort as the # Harvey flood waters approached the ambulance bay https://t.co/kweWDKTDyH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @BiggestTexanFan @KPRCFrank https://t.co/7L03GwaIom", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks @SenTedCruz for stopping by to visit the TxDOT Houston District EOC . https://t.co/AoQNpdtyWC", "entity": [{"entity": "TxDOT Houston District EOC", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [59, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : .@satterwhitelj : I 'm happy to say we 've had minimal looting incidents . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Matagorda , Waller , and Wharton County until 11:15pm Monday . https://t.co/gtaPn1bngy", "entity": [{"entity": "Matagorda", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Waller", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Wharton County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TroyAikman : Join NFL and help those affected by Hurricane Harvey . Text HARVEY to 90999 to donate $ 10 to Hurricane Harvey relief . https://t.co/35l20R8TtX", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NWSHouston : Aviso de Inundación Repentina incluye Houston TX , Pasadena TX , Pearland TX hasta las 11:15 PM CDT https://t.co/LBorjGZS05", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Please make sure you only donate to reputable organizations . Thank you ! ! ! # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/cTPSBYARFu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Probably just roll up to the GRB and ask around . But I 'll put the question out here to see if someone with more details can answer ? https://t.co/9MN8FanqW6", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @stjbs : At Tidwell and Beltway . https://t.co/jlsUy0ZJEk", "entity": [{"entity": "Tidwell and Beltway", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [26, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Helping flood victims off a Precinct 1 dump truck that ferried them out of Morningside community to a shelter at Sterling High . # Harvey https://t.co/vqaNBKmljr", "entity": [{"entity": "Morningside community", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "Sterling High", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you need help use a towel or blanket to wave down responders ! ! ! ! https://t.co/0koIthApBY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ChronFalkenberg : Why did n't Houston evacuate for # Harvey ? Let me break it down : EPIC TRAFFIC + EPIC FLOODING = EPIC DEATH # RememberRita or simply Google it . https://t.co/yFSVPmNtJ5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 🎥 Milagro de vida : una mujer atrapada en una vivienda de Houston logra dar a luz sin ningún inconveniente https://t.co/eFMkCkg1FE https://t.co/2nEyi8jwAW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NBCNews : Houston officials did n't order an evacuation due to Harvey 's uncertainty https://t.co/mIUClmPmTz https://t.co/2WJEtnMCcY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Unfortunately this is n't the first time I 've seen this . A rancher walking his horse to find safety . @Fox26Houston # Harvey https://t.co/EKzTFq3v3Q", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- LIST : Emergency , informational phone numbers for Houston area https://t.co/bcX0o9rLhs via @KHOU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TwitterMoments : Pastor Joel Osteen faced heat for closing the doors of his Houston megachurch in the face of an overwhelming crisis . https://t.co/szDqkz1XH1", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston megachurch", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [91, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FBCSO : SH 99 SB at the Brazos River is now closed . NB open . # HouWx # Harvey https://t.co/UiKmNxL5Vu", "entity": [{"entity": "SH 99 SB at the Brazos River", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [23, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATED version = City working to keep operating water plant submerged by Harvey https://t.co/WQUE19IjDZ Includes mayor 's 6:30pm comments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Elderly and the young being bussed from a community center to a very full GRB after leaving their homes # KHOU11 # HoustonFloods https://t.co/bCuMjvTmAA", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- When will the rain STOP ? @DavidPaulKHOU 's latest forecast just now shows the heavy rain may be out by Tues night , totally gone by We d A.M.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- $ 4 million from Leslie Alexander / Rockets earlier today , now $ 4 million from Jim Crane / Astros to # Harvey relief . @KPRC2 https://t.co/LrHXvs9w5D", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @beingbreanne It 's so scary , but we are safe right now . Thanks Bre , really appreciate it. ❤ ️", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- News conference at 8 pm on Addicks / Barker # houwx # hounews", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Oh please let this be true https://t.co/F6k6utoMQt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The moment a Hurricane Harvey survivor learns his dad survived the storm https://t.co/Sku37KYD97 https://t.co/ES6csbVPja", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BrazoriaCounty : FREE HOT MEALS : Angleton Jr. High School 1201 Henderson Road Angleton , TX 77515 Starting Tuesday , 08 - 29 - 2017 From 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.", "entity": [{"entity": "Angleton Jr. High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [49, 73]}, {"entity": "1201 Henderson Road Angleton , TX 77515", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [74, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- These choppers are bringing evacuees to Houston 's downtown convention center , which is now a shelter https://t.co/nOUi89GiXF", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston 's downtown convention center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [51, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @vigilaeltiempo : Llueve más en Houston en un fin de semana que lo que ha llovido en todo el año . # Harvey https://t.co/LE2XwcaR9A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Volunteers carry kids from rising # Houstonflood waters . It 's rained all day but they 're # HoustonStrong . # houston https://t.co/t6fSTP2mIH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jeffbalke : My dear Houstonians , we are nearer the end of this tragedy than the beginning . Stay safe and keep being amazing . # houstonstrong", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AP : BREAKING : Houston mayor says 3,052 people rescued by police since Harvey inundated the city , 1,000 in the last 8 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HellerWeather : +120,000 people without power . Number of outages going up . Centerpoint says \" crews unable to reach many parts of the city due to flooding . \" https://t.co/HtI5DZN2In", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @cbs_spacenews Thank you , Bill . And man , we sure are tired of rain over here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Trying to help our people anyway we can . Thank you ! https://t.co/MrKb4T6rqH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The help we are seeing is much needed . Hundreds of rescues happening today . Thank you , TX State Guard . # harvey https://t.co/Kc4vAWMqLb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- One more example of inconsistent messaging . Turn around ? Never turn around . Evacuate ? Not unless you 're in an evac zone . On and on and on . https://t.co/4zoE5GY5KU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2WEATHER : Flash Flood Warning for imminent levee breach flooding Inverness Forest Subdivision . Folks under madatory evacuation https://t.co/Nh7OeMMsFe", "entity": [{"entity": "Inverness Forest", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @karabara _ _ Rosharon ? Are you in danger ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : People wait in line for hours at Missouri City Kroger https://t.co/4gMZiB85mn # kprc2 https://t.co/Djut50WXSm", "entity": [{"entity": "Missouri City Kroger", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Harri8 t : Police moving cattle to higher ground just outside Dayton , TX with team @contessabrewer @CNBC https://t.co/yRuqvahPOw", "entity": [{"entity": "Dayton , TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TxDOTHoustonPIO @MikeLee03070285 Unless someone knocks on your door and tells you there 's a mandatory evacuation , right ? What were the driver 's choices here ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BojorquezCBS : INCREDIBLE how fast the water is rising in La Grange , TX where the Colorado River is now flowing through parts of town @CBSNews # txflood https://t.co/RUcGJBCQSl", "entity": [{"entity": "La Grange , TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "Colorado River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IF YOU NEED RESCUE IN KATY CALL THIS NUMBER ! https://t.co/SNyw8PA8Sn", "entity": [{"entity": "KATY", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @hdz97914 @TedABC13", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @BexSunshine @kaitlinmonte @Fox26Houston @JeffLindner1 yes , we plan to . thanks for watching . Hope you and your family are safe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRCSofiaOjeda : IF YOU NEED RESCUE IN KATY CALL THIS NUMBER ! https://t.co/SNyw8PA8Sn", "entity": [{"entity": "KATY", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonOEM : .@IAH and @hobbyairports remain closed . We hope to reopen them later this week . They are being used for emergency operations . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : Comedian & amp;actor Kevin Hart is challenging his celebrity friends to donate $ 25,000 . https://t.co/NvJ9phZS7Q # HoustonStrong # HoustonFloods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @sick_memory @Epic_Tweets31 @Fox26Houston 😔 😔 🐶", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RepWalle : This is from family friend . Y'all need to get rescued text him below at 832 - 312 - 8253 . Si necesitas rescate llamen . # txlege # Harvey https://t.co/30d4NoXDFU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Incident affecting 249N Near Louetta @HCSOTexas and ambulance just rushed to scene . https://t.co/RVcSGMRbpZ", "entity": [{"entity": "249N Near Louetta", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @katyisd : UPDATE : Both CRHS and MRHS shelters are at capacity . Please RT . # katyisd # Harvey https://t.co/aQKDBUpdPh", "entity": [{"entity": "CRHS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "MRHS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATED list of # Houston grocery stores likely open tomorrow , pending # Harvey weather https://t.co/A7EPWahNDS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JDCo : In this together , Houston . We are being tested but we will prevail . https://t.co/4zLhDyZ3jc via @ChronOpinion", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DougDelonyKHOU : When will the rain STOP ? @DavidPaulKHOU 's latest forecast just now shows the heavy rain may be out by Tues night , totally gone by We d A.M.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @morelaugh Retweeted !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Stafford_PD : A Shelter is now open at George Jr. High and they are accepting pets . It 's best if they are crated . Do n't travel unless you have to evacuate", "entity": [{"entity": "George Jr. High", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ColleenWeather : This is why there 's a voluntary evacuation in place for Inverness Forest ( North of # Houston ) . Here 's the levee at Cypress Creek . # harvey https://t.co/N2dY5y9uLj", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Heavy rain falling this evening is causing many bayous to rise again . Gauges along Brays Bayou were wiped out by the high floodwater . https://t.co/0EJl3AsVpr", "entity": [{"entity": "Brays Bayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We have stopped accepting donations at @BerryCenter . Thank you to everyone for the outpouring of support ! https://t.co/F4NfOiY0cf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Take a look at the Brays Boyou near S. Braeswood Blvd in Houston . Several streets impassable . # Harvey https://t.co/cc2aAI4ID7", "entity": [{"entity": "Brays Boyou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "S. Braeswood Blvd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flood Warning for Austin , Fort Bend , and Wharton County . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Red Cross needs pillows and blankets . Volunteers are making pillows with garbage bags and sheets @KPRC2 @RedCross # Harvey # houstonflood https://t.co/93HqJsuiJU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : The Empire State point in New York is dark tonight in solidarity with those affected by # Harvey : https://t.co/mzSLmlYvM4 # HoustonStrong https://t.co/UTtmNTkmsM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Emerging contenders for biggest # HurricaneHarvey villains include armchair quarterbacks and chicken - and - waffle Lays : https://t.co/kVfxO2s4HL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @William55717568 : @LindseyFOX26 @Fox26Houston 225 is totally clear except at Richey exit.it is one little spot,.then get back on freeway , It is easy to get on and off.and the then 610 s.", "entity": [{"entity": "225", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "Richey exit.it", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- . @JeffLindner1 is running thru these lists right now on @KPRC2 and discussing the latest on Addicks / Barker dams # Harvey https://t.co/uN7HI6mW1R", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Barker dams", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BillBishopKHOU : People living in Northwood Pines north of the Hardy Toll Rd should by out by 11 pm and evacuate to Spring High School . # khou # HouNews", "entity": [{"entity": "Northwood Pines", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Hardy Toll Rd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Spring High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [131, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- More boats arriving to Tidwell & amp ; the beltway for high water rescues . @Fox26Houston # Houston # Harvey https://t.co/qTHSoUgyiW", "entity": [{"entity": "Tidwell & amp ; the beltway", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [34, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @McSweeney_69 Good so far . U ok ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : Here 's how you can help Hurricane # Harvey victims --&gt ; https://t.co/Uo8f5fYvkw https://t.co/bRtaxqXVdb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @emendoeza @abc13houston Donations will be needed in days to come ! ! ! Please keep us in mind !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @UniNoticias : Así evolucionarán las lluvias de # Harvey en las próximas horas , según nuestro meteorólogo @alberteltiempo https://t.co/73dWG9tfLw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KPRC2 @RedCross Yes you can bring them to the shelters", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Grateful to @ConstableRosen & amp ; team 4 their tireless work helping # Harvey flood victims . 2night they were evacuating people out of 5th Ward . https://t.co/FHy6hgx24P", "entity": [{"entity": "5th Ward", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [149, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MSchleifstein : Harvey\\ 's 2-day rain in Houston is 3 times floodwater pumped from New Orleans after Katrina https://t.co/THvwfNNx7h", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tornado Warning for Galveston County until 8:45pm . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [{"entity": "Galveston County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please go away # Harvey # Wednesday ca n't come soon enough https://t.co/3r3LH9RLAb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RoyWood : @LindseyFOX26 A writer has to write . Even when his heart is breaking . # TexasStrong https://t.co/Px9luCbrk3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # helpHouston https://t.co/Fpsqos6Vp0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @int_enter https://t.co/9Lm1UqGR8f", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you need to smile ... https://t.co/UWOy0gbXMd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : City of Laporte : All Clear for Shelter in Place - https://t.co/pjLtrBlqWq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- This 8 month old was carried through high flood water to safety by his dad . https://t.co/IMitpNuK7B", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please bring CLEAN items ! I will be dropping off items in the morning . https://t.co/D1E8bC92tp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Bush Family Says Their \" Hearts Are In Houston \" https://t.co/QoxxAbtHkJ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- A uniquely Texas unit of measurement : Rain from # Harvey could fill all NFL & amp ; college 🏈 stadiums 100 times . https://t.co/G7tOSdR1Xc https://t.co/VVsD8azheG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Fire Event - A031 , L031 , SQ031 - Fs031 W Crosstimbers St - Old Yale - 20:23 - https://t.co/uFi09zhmBg", "entity": [{"entity": "W Crosstimbers St - Old Yale", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [52, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NBCNews : Harvey , still at tropical storm strength , is expected to make landfall again along the northwestern Gulf coast https://t.co/a0DM9xjRss https://t.co/GbpkzwhUG5", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf coast", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [127, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-69 Eastex Freeway Southbound At TOWNSEN - High Water - Status : Verified at 8:30 PM - Lanes Affected : 4 Frontage Road Lane(s )", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-69 Eastex Freeway Southbound At TOWNSEN", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DisasterPIO : FROM @hcphtx | Harris County Animal Shelter Currently Closed . # harvey https://t.co/y98LlSkcrC", "entity": [{"entity": "Harris County Animal Shelter", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [44, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Both , our list online you referenced appears accurate . https://t.co/qDg8AK95X0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Wow . A picture my friend sent me from my alma mater , Beck Junior High in Katy . @katyisd @BeckJuniorHigh # Harvey @KPRC2 https://t.co/ip4LB4d2KV", "entity": [{"entity": "Beck Junior High", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "Katy", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jhannanjr https://t.co/AQ8f0BlN9R", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JoelOsteen Joel wo n't open his church , but we have opened our home to those in need . Water and sandwiches . https://t.co/H3k2iRMo3l", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LORI_CABELLO @KPRC2 I can tell you our crew in that area is having a very hard time getting around .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Braes Bayou right now as we take a staffer home ! https://t.co/RJoFGkRjTT", "entity": [{"entity": "Braes Bayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kfeser : Here are the Houston restaurants & amp ; bars that opened after Harvey https://t.co/oNrBt596 MB via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @cgakadawn @BrettKHOU Thanks ! ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @edatpost : In chat w/ @RepAlGreen about # Harvey response , he says he 's willing to meet Trump during his TX tour despite pushing for prez 's impeachment : https://t.co/hiqrQ1OmQk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- This is a great resource . Please take advantage of this and share https://t.co/ZOkTSQXlH0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @DXTex : New HEB center in back of Kingwood . Never seen flooding like this here ever https://t.co/gE6qSTJtgr", "entity": [{"entity": "HEB center in back of Kingwood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [27, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SeansARobot : This has been an emotional and heartbreaking day . A great example of ppl coming together but so sad . # Houston # houstonfloods2017 # harvey https://t.co/B8DX5ZJ2bl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- LATEST INFO on mandatory , voluntary # evacuations issued across # Houston area # Harvey https://t.co/WGsnzKU7lX", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor Turner says George R. Brown Convention Center to be emergency shelter https://t.co/CHKU0TA6y0", "entity": [{"entity": "George R. Brown Convention Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [29, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- HOW TO HELP : Donations needed ! List of # Houston - area # shelters @AmericanRedCross https://t.co/i7vprMEG7X", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @cocopuff2944 Cypress and Spring Creek are rising - watch the water levels closely", "entity": [{"entity": "Cypress", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Spring Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @macgurl_70 @Chrittieg @GregAbbott_TX I 'm sure they 're working as fast as they can ! It 's not safe for crews to get through high water & amp ; debris either . fox26 @CNPalerts", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @joshdcaplan : EYEWITNESS : Disgusting sight in # Houston as looters make away with televisions while police battle to save lives during historic flood https://t.co/LEg8sUosvd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosenbergPolice : Road status update as of 5:07 AM https://t.co/1kpwaZ8zul", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @joshdcaplan : TEXAS TRIBUNE : Houston 's Memorial Parkway - Saturday vs Sunday https://t.co/MmXNliKTfH", "entity": [{"entity": "Memorial Parkway", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JMKTV : A reporter in Houston spotted a truck driver stuck in the flood . She was able to flag down police who saved his life live on TV . Holy crap . https://t.co/v2nNjxJ12P", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NHC_Atlantic : # Harvey is producing unprecedented rainfall and life - threatening flooding in SE Texas . Key Messages as of 4 am CDT : https://t.co/TzYAm6rsSk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : # BREAKING : Release of water from Addicks Reservoir expected to flood homes within hours https://t.co/fHHloUJGVr https://t.co/QjmqbdNgHm", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks Reservoir", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @katyisd will open shelters this morning at 730am ! @KPRC2 https://t.co/A3ATcrn2Jg", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @brandonmotivate Ohhhh my gosh ! Thank you so much for sharing . Are you safe ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Citizens w / boats WERE first responders , rescuing fplks . ⚡ ️ “ The heroes behind Hurricane Harvey relief and rescue ” https://t.co/psmVpKRd7u", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- For those who 've been asking how else you can help , here you go : https://t.co/KcxEKyQWyH Please share . Thank you . # Harvey # HoustonStrong https://t.co/u4ARXmpSBy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Yes ! But danger lurks ahead with rapid rises along all our river watersheds . https://t.co/oXG6UGogJK", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Evacuación voluntaria en estas zonas del Condado Fort Bend vía @KarinaYapor # Harvey # FortBend # Texas https://t.co/tWrxszk0FG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @stephgosk : People wondering why no evacuation order . This is largely why . Hurricane Rita 2005 . Dozens died IN this traffic # Houston https://t.co/TAzw6KsxY5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Good morning ! Here 's your forecast from # ABC13 . # Houston # TXwx https://t.co/pQJflQkG2E", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Current weather around the # Houston area . # TXwx https://t.co/HS3malmW98", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @danthemanmoran @kprckhambrel Because when you are separated from your family , not sleeping , have your home in an evac zone & amp ; you are giving your all it hurts to read this", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosenbergPolice : Could you be affected by the river flood ? See the link below . Time is running out to evacuate ! https://t.co/6w4uiCu2gG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FrebergK @SylvesterTurner People did say how bad it was going to be on social media , but officials kept refusing to admit it and stated they were only \" rumors \" ! ! 😠", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Our front page this morning . Predicting tomorrow 's wo n't be much different . https://t.co/ncRR6sCiO2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @marcorubio : 2 weeks after a disgusting NeoNazi rally , real American patriots & amp ; heroes the # CajunNavy is on its way to help victims of # TexasFlood https://t.co/6hVeJP2e2j", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CourtneyABC13 you are helping a lot of scared people , good work my friend . Be safe out there xoxoxo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : Do n't have a place to go or know someone that needs temporary shelter ? Click here for a list of OPEN SHELTERS : https://t.co/fpHouD8ltO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FrebergK @SylvesterTurner Here 's a article with a bit of what I 'm referring to ... But looks like they were n't \" rumors \" afterall ! SMDH ! 😡 😠 https://t.co/7WQqLKRCm8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : BEWARE : Harvey victims targeted by online scam https://t.co/Gzyd8PPaZx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : 🔴 # LIVE FEMA provides update on Harvey recovery efforts & gt ; https://t.co/mgGDqGvgcQ https://t.co/uOYI0uS3H8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please share ! ! ! FEMA says , if your home flooded , please apply for help at https://t.co/C7EfmdcaKW or call ( 800 ) ... https://t.co/75SkNglXIh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @evanmcmurry : Astounding video shows numerous boats maneuvering around stranded vehicles on flooded street in Dickinson , Texas . https://t.co/YGP3fEVW8 t https://t.co/LHM5SbVftF", "entity": [{"entity": "Dickinson , Texas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [125, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AMHQ : # Houston residents help a couple in their 90 's wade through flood waters to safety . # Harvey https://t.co/Lg8ZfP7ohQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - A015 , AS017 , M006 , HR011 , E009 , L006 - White Oak Dr - 06:26 - https://t.co/s8yqRhLIKm", "entity": [{"entity": "White Oak Dr", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TreyYingst : The people of Houston are desperate for help right now . https://t.co/UHBng9PJwb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Do you have a boat ? We need boats to help our crews and staff get to those in need @abc13houston 713 - 663 - 8780", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you 're looking to help w HarveyRelief efforts the @fema administrator says start by visiting the website . https://t.co/6kD9mcwens # Fox26 https://t.co/9X9ioLfawE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CBSNews : \" Mega - shelter \" set up at Houston ' George R. Brown Convention Center for those escaping flooded homes https://t.co/JU8hE6iFmG https://t.co/YN7Qg3xm0V", "entity": [{"entity": "George R. Brown Convention Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [64, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Five - day forecast not quite as optimistic . NWS Dr. Louis Uccellini says 5-day forecast includes \" moderate to heavy rains \" for the region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FrebergK : @gtp2nv @SylvesterTurner A good portion of Houston could have been avoided had the mayor told the truth and listened to Greg Abbot", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Driving Across Texas , The Destruction From # Harvey Is Evident https://t.co/YZivqnWQdQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : Check out our map below for open shelter locations in Harris County ! Stay safe ! # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/GEhBFjFwou", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" This is a landmark event ... you could not throw this forecast up , you could not dream this forecast up . \" - @fema # Harvey # HoustonFlooding https://t.co/QonYA6NcTb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- They Have arrived ! ⚡ ️ “ The Cajun Navy is making its way to Texas ” https://t.co/2RYSWCnheW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Today : # Harvey unleashes historic flooding in Houston area https://t.co/PWRWAklOPL and https://t.co/HksXmR5ryS https://t.co/zmusogJYlS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @democracynow : TODAY : @SierraClub organizer @HighTechAztec & amp ; @Helvarg on catastrophic flooding in Houston . Live 8 - 9AM ET : https://t.co/Xup8cdtnFB # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @havana58 : Story from last year about Houston 's dams : https://t.co/iK98rjmLxB via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" The creek does n't come in this neigborhood , \" my neighbor who 's lived here 30 years told me 2 days ago . Now it does . And I 'm worried # Harvey https://t.co/ZiR2qChhT2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MissouriMomma17 @abc13houston I honestly do n't know . Thank you for your help", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- According to City of Conroe : 105 is open ! If you need an alternate , take FM-1097 West to Plez Morgan to Lonestar Pkwy to 149 @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "City of Conroe", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "105", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "FM-1097 West", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "Plez Morgan", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "149", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @maryleesoaps @abc13houston Most of 290 is dry , but I am concerned about the access road . I would only advise travel there if it is an emergency . Be safe !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Some good news in # weather : # Harvey is tracking EAST # Monday . The latest forecast LIVE @KPRC2 @KPRCBritta @kprckhambrel https://t.co/nMJz9mdfQT", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ugh . NWS director on # houstonflooding : \" The peak flow and depth of this flood will max out in the Wednesday - Thursday time frame . ”", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Why # Houston Is So Prone To Devastating # Floods https://t.co/6WHjFV6S7y # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MasonO What is the update ? ? Are they still there ? ? ? Call Houston Police , try this number & gt;&gt;&gt;713 - 426 - 9440", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kerrydougherty Thank you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Double ugh . NWS director : Houston's\"catastrophic \" flooding \" will be very slow to recede ... This will likely expand and likely persist . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SallyKHOU11 : Thx @HoustonPubMedia @wfaachannel8 for helping # khou11 get back on air to serve our community # StandsForHouston # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/4vHN66QXCZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosenbergPolice : Shelter Opening this morning . B. F. Terry High School located at 5500 Avenue N , Rosenberg , TX opens today at 8 ... https://t.co/I4ZorBobfr", "entity": [{"entity": "B. F. Terry High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [64, 87]}, {"entity": "5500 Avenue N , Rosenberg , TX", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [99, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Why Tropical Storm # Harvey Is Showing Texas No Mercy https://t.co/nnEmRw1M5e # Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@KPRC2Cathy is live at 1 - 45 and Cypresswood with an update on # CypressCreek levels", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - 45 and Cypresswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [35, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FrebergK Pretty much sums it up in a nutshell !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # Climatechange might make intense hurricanes like # Harvey more common https://t.co/r01e0IpGYM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E044 - Homewood Ln - Crestview Dr - 07:14 - https://t.co/SBEBrpaNqS", "entity": [{"entity": "Homewood Ln - Crestview Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Eye opening video thanks to @googlemaps & amp ; @nytimes . https://t.co/IzDrD4iG9x", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FrebergK https://t.co/qTCVm8PMwM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FrebergK Oh me too ! ! Trump needs to stop trying to drain the swamp , and just flush their asses down the toilet ! Where the turds belong !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Press conference soon with COE and HCFCD on Addicks and Barker Reservoirs # hounews # houwx", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CnickelsonHp @miragoto @berracahband @MaggieBaugh @Arielleofficial @MayraABC13 @HellerWeather During Memorial Day you flooded - watch it closely", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kitsonpaws @danthemanmoran @kprckhambrel Trying out best Julia", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Lady_Jay3 Check https://t.co/kWiTDCdZjF", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @markmobility : HUD subsidizes housing in Houston 's flood plain . So poor folks get flooded all the time . https://t.co/TWYlMEsoFC https://t.co/DnNVZHwaIv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The three bayous closest to home . Fortunate to be safe and dry away from their floodplains , but we may get 16 \" more rain through Wednesday . https://t.co/vEfB4aSTxy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The center of Tropical Storm Harvey is drifting over Matagorda county , so it 's going to be a windy day . https://t.co/ADIfxVlVYD", "entity": [{"entity": "Matagorda county", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Folks please be careful and safe . If you need help , reach out . If you can help , please do . Flooding is far from over . # harvey # txlege https://t.co/1n7i4GFzmp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- A List of Mandatory Evacuations & gt;&gt;&gt ; https://t.co/UGnGNxTPjd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @USCG : To report a # harvey emergency you must call numbers below or 911 for assistance . If busy keep trying . Do not report distress on social media https://t.co/2YROOVWwDk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LWilliams395 June .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kobebryant : Thoughts and prayers with Texas 🙏 🏾", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MCTXSheriff : Updated - Road closures and high water . There are many so there will be five tweets . Attached list Updated as of7:30 am https://t.co/HTVoc3Cilp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @tbonpc @Denise7Berry @abc13houston Yes we reported that they were heading here . Thank you to our Louisiana friends !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Unbelievable . The North Freeway SB mainlanes at Cypresswood looks like a river . @KPRC2 # kprc2 https://t.co/yNuagBprhK", "entity": [{"entity": "North Freeway SB mainlanes at Cypresswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [30, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- One of the most important books I 've ever read is the Artist 's Way by Julia Cameron . https://t.co/K7L4W2F08n https://t.co/cbNiClOeZf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Our officers conducting rescue operations in our city around the clock . Please STAY OFF the roadways and help us by helping your neighbors . https://t.co/xRTYiNvaRe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cliffordpugh : Houston 's response to Hurricane Harvey aftermath proves that politicians can work together https://t.co/2mKYXD7j6X via @culturemap", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ToddKXAN : Colorado River currently at 52 ft . The highest in 104 years # kxan # txwx # wx # Harvey https://t.co/18iuf7fT3Z", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ryanmhandy : Nearly 90,000 Houstonians are without power on Monday morning , via @CNPalerts . # houstonflooding # hurricaneharvy @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MDavisbot : Disaster Relief Trucks Headed To Texas @HEB # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/5sTgSs9BfU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Make sure you 're following legitimate news sources to get weather updates ! # houstonflood https://t.co/TyWvCyuDrj", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Can confirm https://t.co/jxSQKtZIbf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MDavisbot : Houston SWAT officer carries mother & amp ; her 13-month - old son to safety amid rising floodwaters . # HurricaneHarvey # houstonflood https://t.co/s3edq2jF3a", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Allen_Reid @FriedrichMedia @conflenti https://t.co/dGNnj3P5gU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KevinHart4real : I 'm calling this the Hurraice Harvey Relief Challenge .... Lets go @therock beyonce chrisrock Jay … https://t.co/bH2jRhT1HW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : We are Houstonians ... and we will get through this . # HoustonStrong # Harvey PHOTOS : https://t.co/KgXot1fbmH https://t.co/4i7ojSwHrl", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Just woke up at the emergency ops center . Brushing my teeth and catching up on the latest . Follow @margaretkadifa and myself updates . # houwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Noeltbrennan : Flooded parking lot at Ashford Lakes . People are evacuating as water rises from Buffalo Bayou # harvey # khou11 https://t.co/jXb9UEmrbE", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashford Lakes", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Buffalo Bayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @USATODAY : 3 Texas babies were born Friday night in Corpus Christi , Texas , as Hurricane Harvey made landfall . https://t.co/Pi5guYHwx3", "entity": [{"entity": "Corpus Christi , Texas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [67, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ChrisYoungMusic : Texas has been hit hard by Hurricane Harvey . I ’m donating $ 100,000 to relief efforts and hope you will join me . https://t.co/oZvwtkp1iU https://t.co/kDLNdj3WVi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @GPfromRIC Go to https://t.co/D7XMg3Yl5V.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Resource : check which roads at closed in your neighborhood with Houston Transtar https://t.co/bAF6gS2SBt # HurricaneHarvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Diane_TexasGirl It will surpass everything", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @LVidegaray : I just spoke to Gov. @GregAbbott_TX . We will provide all the help we can . Our full solidarity with the people of Texas . # HurricaneHarvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ArtofRepublic @BobTerryNJ @NWSHouston Yup ! ! Interesting ! ! The mayor here in Houston is a sack of shit for hiding this from everyone and not listening to our TX Governor ! So sad ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReadyHarris : Areal Flood Warning for Harris County until 12:45pm Monday . https://t.co/0w3JoEUutp # houwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- MORE : Conroe calls for major evacuations amid record release from Lake Conroe https://t.co/PDiXfH1ujV", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Conroe", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- How has # Harvey2017 impacted you ? Share your story and pics , & amp ; stay safe ! # houstonflooding # houwx # hounews https://t.co/UbqHAhSw75", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ---&gt ; @JenniferReyna ? https://t.co/UukFD0NCTI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Rescates aéreos nos permiten ver el esfuerzo de la guardia costera # harveyhouston https://t.co/CVjqPn66uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Remember U can check if UR home may be affected by evac orders on this interactive map : https://t.co/1SPFH81jdV…/ https://t.co/yGAspHjDpk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : SHELTERS : Katy ISD will open Morton Ranch HS and Cinco Ranch HS as shelters https://t.co/Lv3HVKq0mH # KHOU # Harvey # KatyTX", "entity": [{"entity": "Morton Ranch HS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "Cinco Ranch HS", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Today , you cn call 911 ... but do nt hang up ... they will get to you . Be patient https://t.co/VOwFOMOX1e", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Dramatic Footage Shows Woman And Child Rescued By Helicopter In # Houston https://t.co/n8LlIobiiA # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jp_mrtz_03 @KPRC2 We are n't out of the woods yet but we will take the small break we have been getting", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I got kind of excited for about the forecast until I caught this press conference . # houstonflooding https://t.co/LLCenUVwPq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @juan77ch @kprckhambrel I 'm not worried just setting an example that folks should have better behavior", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Ciscobrindy @KPRC2 I hope that for all of us", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @InversionMtrose : We are currently open ! Until we ca n't be ! Come by and grab coffee and do it SAFELY ! # houston # harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Si usted puede , ayude ! juez @EdEmmett : \" ya no es necesario coordinar ayuda con botes a través de nosotros @TelemundoHou # HoustonFloods https://t.co/WsyWccvk7f", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @mschrissi830 @USCG stay safe ! Can anyone offer assistance w/ boat rescue ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Gail_HPM : Neighbors put up a sign to warn drivers of high water on Houston Ave @HPMNews887 # Harvey # houstonflooding https://t.co/d3fvmvP0su", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MichaelEMann : What can we say about role climate change played in unprecedented disaster unfolding in # Houston w/ # Harvey ? https://t.co/NYDxRgkPp7 https://t.co/1HkxPiS02H", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @katyisd : Katy ISD Abrirá Albergues Para Familias Afectadas Por Inundaciones # Harvey # katyisd https://t.co/b3bvGCMhUc", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The Latest : # Houston officials : Hunker down , stay off roads https://t.co/3AqVbH924c # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Highway 6 is not passable just beyond Clay Road , reservoir release increasing water , do not drive through @abc13houston # HarveyStorm # TxWx https://t.co/rPX8xjlPAl", "entity": [{"entity": "Highway 6", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "Clay Road", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : \" Houston is unbelievable \" ABC13 producer Joe Gleason is feeling grateful after fellow Houstonians came to his rescue https://t.co/wza5xcr0NE https://t.co/umWD088PJ4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @AlexBackusTV @redcrosscv @CBS47 🙂", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- NOW : Sending prayers to my fellow firefighters at Ponderosa who are currently helping residents seek higher ground in north Harris County . https://t.co/ktw8eGrgV1", "entity": [{"entity": "Ponderosa", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Map to see bayou and creek levels : https://t.co/9LAF4aYQBx Click \" Channel Status \" on near top left corner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Map to see bayou and creek levels : https://t.co/ALa2cDAQ8E Click \" Channel Status \" on near top left corner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please send help @HCSOTexas @SheriffEd_HCSO https://t.co/ZI8tXqUWpy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- HIGHLANDS First Baptist Church 210 N. Magnolia 713 - 240 - 1939", "entity": [{"entity": "HIGHLANDS", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "First Baptist Church 210 N. Magnolia", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [21, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- PASADENA Golden Acres Bapist Church 2812 Pansy St. 717 - 673 - 2695", "entity": [{"entity": "PASADENA", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "Golden Acres Bapist Church 2812 Pansy St.", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [20, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ReaganMatt : Unbelievable Before & amp ; After of the flooding on Buffalo Bayou in # Houston from # Harvey . ( Via streetreporter on Youtube ) https://t.co/a6FXIh0rtq", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo Bayou", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @PatsCSW : Full(er ) story of # Otis ... https://t.co/HdRUh33Tjp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Shadow48642 @Lin_Manuel Absolutely . Hope you 've stayed safe and dry throughout the storm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here 's some images of the # HoustonFlood along I10 inside the loop near Downtown . # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/RP4CnPXRvS", "entity": [{"entity": "I10", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Downtown", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FROM @hcfcd | Three day max rainfall totals . # Harvey https://t.co/NWbQNfmyVL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : LOOK at how high the water is under the iconic Be Someone sign # houstonflood https://t.co/1TbkKW9AHs https://t.co/TYh4sXHNzx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Kevin Hart always stops by our studio when he 's in town - what a great guy ! Does n't it feel GOOD to see ... https://t.co/Z8LM3Dhnyc", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Denver Harbor DH Multi - Service Center 6402 Market Street Houston Texas 77020", "entity": [{"entity": "Denver Harbor", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Fifth Ward FW Multi - Service Center 4014 Market Street Houston , Texas 77020", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth Ward", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @liprap Also hope my kid does n't have to deal with floods like this as he gets older . Chances are high he will but I can dream", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @uscoastguard : # Harvey still dangerous . # USCG round the clock rescues in # Houston . Call 281 - 464-(4851)(4852)(4853)(4854)(4855 ) . Get on roofs , not in attics", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Sunny Side Sunnyside Multi - Service Center 9314 Cullen Houston , Texas 77051", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunny Side", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Third Ward Multi - Service Center 3611 Ennis Street Houston , Texas 77004", "entity": [{"entity": "Third Ward", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-1960 Eastbound At FM 2100 / CROSBY HUFFMAN RD - High Water - Status : Verified at 8:53 AM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-1960 Eastbound At FM 2100 / CROSBY HUFFMAN RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @joshjreynolds : Do n't let anyone tell you that this nation is divided . # HoustonStrong # Houston # HoustonFlood # HurricaneHarvery # Harvey # rescue https://t.co/5CicswWr18", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jaygraymatters @KPRC2 @KPRCRachel @conflenti You too Jay ! Stay safe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- US 290 mainlanes & amp ; frontage are closed in both directions from Barker Cypress to Fry Road due to high water .", "entity": [{"entity": "US 290", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Barker Cypress", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Fry Road", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ReedTimmerAccu @breakingweather Dry air = good news", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @clsebrell @ToddBolusPLLC @ColMorrisDavis @realDonaldTrump @CovenantHouse Thank you ! We focus on long - term recovery efforts as well . Crucial in the coming months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The City of Houston is getting more Service Centers online as soon as the water clears and they can get access to staff . Will Update .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Eastern parts of our area are in a tornado watch until 1 PM today , meaning conditions are favorable for tornadoes # houwx # glswx # bcswx # txwx https://t.co/dLU3P22Hee", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CyFitFreedom Water levels are so high that lower rates of rain do n't increase levels , they simply slow down the rate it will drain . But I hear you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Boat needed at 12223 Greencanyon Dr , Houston , TX 77044 https://t.co/kVklQFXwws", "entity": [{"entity": "12223 Greencanyon Dr , Houston , TX 77044", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [26, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor @SylvesterTurner will brief on the City 's ongoing response to the flood situation . Follow @HoustonTX for a live stream . # harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATE : Flooding will worsen in upcoming days , @ArtAcevedo concerned about drainage . https://t.co/4MiSWBL1gJ # Harvey # HoustonFlooding # houwx https://t.co/D4PjtwHPiF", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Our city 's leadership during # HurricaneHarvey has been A+ . @SylvesterTurner , @EdEmmett , @ArtAcevedo , @SheriffEd_HCSO y más make us so proud .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @PPS_Placemaking : Thinking of the people of Houston . Long a leader in # Placemaking , their # publicspaces will be crucial to resilience : https://t.co/0ArEXyPeZO https://t.co/1YACo7gr0 T", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @David_Dobbs @SciGuySpace its been insane . also , a bit terrifying how many ppl have been relying on us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @TXJennieK @Cisco Thank you , Jennie . We would love to have you . Are you on our volunteer list ? We can add you for notifications when recovery efforts begin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GiPrabhu : @KPRCSofiaOjeda @KPRC2 # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/ETZgTUG0HN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Stand - by Fire - EB035 , B035 , E035 - Fs036 Airport Blvd - Dover St - 09:01 - https://t.co/AytTSzmFBB", "entity": [{"entity": "Airport Blvd - Dover St", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [57, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Also BTW it is still raining in Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ByMeganONeil @ByMeganONeil - Anna can call you around 3 pm today . Thanks !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks @culturemap ! https://t.co/5rbKEwP0b5", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @htx_media We have threads of family 's in need !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jaygraymatters : @KPRC2 strong and compassionate coverage during # HoustonFloods # houston fortunate to have this great team @KPRCRachel @conflenti @KPRCBritta https://t.co/UGDD4sQjjU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KelliDJames @CasuallyKi Yes it can potentially get worse for you all ! LEAVE NOW !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- List of evacuations , Monday https://t.co/m0GZWKJUtC # HurricaneHarvey # houwx https://t.co/hkU7qhWJ5Z", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 11506 faulkey gully circle 77070 # rescue needed ! @HCPrecinct4 @HCSOTexas @USCG https://t.co/CUAMklLfM3", "entity": [{"entity": "11506 faulkey gully circle 77070", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATE : Rescued people struggling to get to shelters , @EdEmmett says . https://t.co/gQUJo87BYC # Harvey # HoustonFlooding # houwx https://t.co/P1nqbkB1v9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here 's just South of midtown # harvey https://t.co/UKxCzA90K9", "entity": [{"entity": "midtown", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FoxBusiness : Oil markets roiled as Hurricane Harvey hits U.S. petroleum industry https://t.co/X5KqCjOi6y https://t.co/LtJcKHwRFv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Behrouz_Zand : Volunteering at Crosspoint Church on Bellaire Blvd . If you live in the area , need snacks , water , shoes , socks # houstonflood # Houston https://t.co/b0VH0dKnhZ", "entity": [{"entity": "Crosspoint Church on Bellaire Blvd", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [46, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Dawsonjdaf @hcfcd Call 713 - 881 - 3100 they can take your info and pass it along to the fire desk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ZimMAGA @NewtTrump @AnnCoulter @bakedalaska @ManMountain78R3 @bfraser747 @jojoh888 @Corrynmb @StacyLStiles @Cernovich @PrisonPlanet Worthless Mayor ! ! They warned us and he told us it was RUMORS ! ! He 's as sorry as it gets ! 😠 😠", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @veraangie11 : @ZimMAGA @NewtTrump @AnnCoulter @bakedalaska @ManMountain78R3 @bfraser747 @jojoh888 @Corrynmb @StacyLStiles @Cernovich @PrisonPlanet Thanks ! The area they live in has never flooded be4 so because of that and the Houston Mayor not telling people to evacuate so they did n't", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Dawsonjdaf @hcfcd please PM us your info : Boat type , location , and phone number and I will pass along to the fire desk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Las autoridades esperan aún 30,000 refugiados por las fuertes lluvias de # Harvey en # Texas https://t.co/9n9yxlBKCB https://t.co/gcEBR8ppN2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @nickytheWeasel @ZimMAGA @ManMountain78R3 @NewtTrump @AnnCoulter @bakedalaska @bfraser747 @jojoh888 @Corrynmb @StacyLStiles @Cernovich @PrisonPlanet Typical Democrat ! ! I ca n't stand him ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We 're in a Toyota Land Cruiser he brought back with him from a stint in Africa . \" See vids of warlords in Afghanistan ? They drive this car . \" https://t.co/jgysuEAxPP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 610 West northbound lanes Beechnut and Braeswood this morning @HoustonChron # houstonflood https://t.co/BVk4AmDpCa", "entity": [{"entity": "610 West northbound lanes", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [11, 36]}, {"entity": "Beechnut and Braeswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [37, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ABC : Photo shows runway at Houston 's Hobby Airport completely flooded ; both Houston 's major airports closed amid # Harvey https://t.co/fK9VLzXZwI https://t.co/OIhvAcA82u", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobby Airport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MiaCollette @aYO_JUNK @weatherchannel Yes sure anything to help !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Sections of HUmble are being evacuated as water is being let out of Lake Houston # Harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "HUmble", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Lake Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @bobbycblanchard : great idea / work by @mizzousundevil https://t.co/aMNDPPmmog", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MichaeMaher200A Here are the latest conditions across Harris County for rain and flooded bayous . # HoustonFlood # HOUwx https://t.co/F7ayMioDDq https://t.co/DfUlIIhHSv", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - L069 - Sugar Hill Dr - 09:29 - https://t.co/1wWynxdPWv", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar Hill Dr", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Motor Vehicle Incident - M058 - Foxridge Dr - Hopper Cir - 09:28 - https://t.co/U6o79J5I1P", "entity": [{"entity": "Foxridge Dr - Hopper Cir", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [43, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : * * * IMPORTANT * * * Mandatory evacuation order for Sienna Plantation https://t.co/PbIv6e8Cir", "entity": [{"entity": "Sienna Plantation", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Fire Event - D004 - Fs005 Hollister St - Hammerly Blvd - 09:33 - https://t.co/KUvWRchYlc", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollister St - Hammerly Blvd", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [37, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-10 Eastbound At PEDERSON RD - High Water - Status : Verified at 9:36 AM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-10 Eastbound At PEDERSON RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @couponwithtoni : Thank you ! ! ! ! ! I 've been waiting for an update . My power just went off but it 's back on https://t.co/lNCZKNWqO0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @sin_sindy : @CapelaClint My cousin is flooded in at 10118 Tidwell Rd , Houston , TX 77078 . The situation has worsen . if anyone has a boat please help ! !", "entity": [{"entity": "10118 Tidwell Rd , Houston , TX 77078", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [67, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Officials are encouraging everyone to stay off the roads ! There are 350 high water locations . Please be safe Sergio . # TurnAroundDontDrown https://t.co/3wHgotA5yD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @dorrissssss Is there a phone number for rescuers to dial ? ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : If you are in distress , the @USCG wants # HoustonFlood victims to call these numbers . Latest updates and information : https://t.co/QnrjQL7hAH https://t.co/iYOVA4VweR", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E057 - Big Hollow Ln - Lakeside Forest Ln - 09:38 - https://t.co/EpLyvLzvrp", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Hollow Ln - Lakeside Forest Ln", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- So many of the great people working this historic event are also being flooded and they keep working # houwx # hounews", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Is 290 still flooded near Waller or Cypress ?", "entity": [{"entity": "290", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Waller", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Cypress", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cliffordpugh : HEB at West Alabama and Dunlavy opened at 9 this morning . Long lunes but orderly . # thanksheb … https://t.co/I4fYjMuHrl", "entity": [{"entity": "HEB at West Alabama and Dunlavy", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [30, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @bweav1990 : @LindseyFOX26 You 're doing an amazing job covering # Harvey . Keep up the good work , and stay safe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @skelaxin99 @Fox26Houston Thanks , horrible time to have my eyes bother me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning including Houston TX , Pasadena TX , Pearland TX until 11:45 AM CDT https://t.co/18gTkVAcJ7", "entity": [{"entity": "Pasadena TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Pearland TX", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you have a moment to call on their behalf or if you even have their contact number so that local rescue teams can call", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : # HURRICANEHARVEY Victoria residents struggle to find supplies , basic necessities https://t.co/6Lo0WLNtAQ YOUR GULF COAST WEATHER AUTHORITY https://t.co/lEXkR2YdeI", "entity": [{"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : # HURRICANEHARVEY Dallas will open ‘ mega shelter ' for 5,000 more Harvey evacuees https://t.co/lSjunHStGc YOUR GULF COAST WEATHER AUTHORITY https://t.co/fAHJ3680Gi", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : # HURRICANEHARVEY How to help the Texas flooding victims impacted by Hurricane … https://t.co/TxsLaQMYMS YOUR GULF COAST WEATHER AUTHORITY https://t.co/E7nOmX3Uqd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- JUST IN : Evacuation * recommendations * from Cy - Fair Volunteer Fire Department @chitakhou @DarbyKHOU # khou11 https://t.co/dRggItnEWH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : # YOURECLICKINGIT - Giant grouper capsizes boat https://t.co/vbA3tQ2czH https://t.co/HuncmxBj19", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Aviso de inundación repentina en los condados # Brazoria # FortBend # Galveston # Harris hasta las 11:45AM # nocruzardarlavuelta @noticiashouston https://t.co/mT7mmZt8D2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Another # Harvey casualty . # Baytown # khou1 https://t.co/UBkPCM3q0 T", "entity": [{"entity": "# Baytown", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @realDonaldTrump : HISTORIC rainfall in Houston , and all over Texas . Floods are unprecedented , and more rain coming . Spirit of the people is incredible . Thanks !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @totallyrandie : They 've been thanking police & amp ; others but lets not forget about the @TxDOT workers who 've been away from their families since Friday working https://t.co/cWJZePw2Kq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Going out with my buddy in his huge lifted truck to try to help with some rescues . Stay tuned for tweets from the ground", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks @HoustoniaMag . You are part of those Houstonian values too . https://t.co/Kj3BwGSaav", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- PLEASE BE SAFE YALL . @Fox26Houston # Harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here 's a list of Houston Chronicle staffers to follow for updates on the rain/ floods , evacuations and stories from the most effected areas https://t.co/4dCzVFGa3C", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- These little floating mounds ? They 're fire ants . DO NOT TOUCH . In fact , just get back out of the water . https://t.co/KSU1jjh1Nq https://t.co/VVwaXj9qlW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Important reminders for safety after a hurricane and flooding : DO NOT GO INTO FLOOD WATERS . The water is dark and full of terrors ! # txwx https://t.co/ZT1nWLCpCr", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Remember : Turn around . Do n't drown ! Here 's an up - to - date list of current high water areas . https://t.co/lNpqgetkNp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Breaking : Got off the phone w/ the Insurance Council of Texas . Officials est . damages will be in the billions - possibly toppling Ike 's $ 12B", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E074 - Greens Rd - Wayforest Dr - 09:54 - https://t.co/fP1xr656yQ", "entity": [{"entity": "Greens Rd - Wayforest Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Abshier Stadium in Deer Park https://t.co/GlxajPwmgy", "entity": [{"entity": "Abshier Stadium", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "Deer Park", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SheriffEd_HCSO : About to go to the field for more rescues . Call 9 - 1 - 1 for rescue needs , do n't hang up , stay on line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : For anyone in the area who can help # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/TL7NHDy0rg", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KPRC2TRAFFIC can you help him ? https://t.co/yj1qcOv6Fn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MRHSMavericks : Needs at MRHS ! Socks , leashes , crates , pillows , blankets . If you got any of these items and can get them there safely , please help !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" A lot of ppl are frustrated but those big trucks can only go so far ... please do n't give up on us . \" -@ArtAcevedo # Harvey # HoustonFLooding", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SheriffEd_HCSO : Absolutely ! We take it seriously & amp ; not tolerated . Do not pull us away from crucial rescue efforts RT @tdcaa : https://t.co/aX7zKJSedd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- For shelters 👇 🏽 https://t.co/821pYirHSa", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Creeping north oh the city , cars are driving wrong way and everything is flooded . # harvey https://t.co/XYsmjnpKCm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcfcd : The amount of calls coming into @ReadyHarris from people wanting to help with water rescues is unbelievable ! Thank you ! # hounews # houwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- UPDATE : HFD crews on scene in 1100 Block of Bell St , Downtown . Fire appears to be out . Likely source of smoke downtown # houstonflood @KPRC2", "entity": [{"entity": "1100 Block of Bell St ,", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "Downtown", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Wow . One of the scariest things I 've read . https://t.co/MJMqwf6qhq", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Video : @USCG rescuing # harvey victims from rooftops in Houston using helicopter # khou11 https://t.co/uc6Ygabo5b", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I need a moment to decompress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 5 or 6 small boats , rescue and civilian launching now from 610 & amp ; Braeswood heading all direct ions https://t.co/HU7npCCYaW", "entity": [{"entity": "610 & amp ; Braeswood", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [71, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thank you ! Calls from Mexico , Chicago , New York that they are sending items for families affected : contact Erica Davis : 832 - 286 - 3876", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor Turner says 5,500 in shelter will rise exponentially as the day wears on . # HoustonFloods # harvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@SylvesterTurner : Over 5500 people were in shelters last night . # houstonflood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RepWalle : Folks and fam that have boats . We need you ! @houstonpolice Northeast Station is staging area . Lots of need still out . # txlege # Harvey https://t.co/EVyqQw5xpk", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Flash Flood Warning for Harris County until 6:15pm Monday . https://t.co/gEpDjK8JJN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Trying to wrap your head around this disaster ? Read this # harvey # harveyhouston # khou11 # houstonfloods # houstonfloods2017 https://t.co/o1iKlnFIvV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Se está desmoronando el Horsepen creek en Jersey Village @NWSHouston @hcfcd @noticiashouston # HoustonFloods # houstonflooding https://t.co/GYeVwkXo7p", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : .@USCG : If you are in distress , call 281 - 464 - 4851 , 281 - 464 - 4852 , 281 - 464 - 4853 , 281 - 464 - 4854 or 281 - 464 - 4855 https://t.co/8CpETqghVC https://t.co/wsF81Z4N8s", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Avoid driving during floods . If you have to evac & amp ; find yourself in high water here ’s what you should do : https://t.co/Xw5yFIVyUB https://t.co/AqCUceVNAo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Updated # Harvey track map from NHC at 10 am shows tropical storm force winds possible through Wednesday with still heavy flooding # txwx https://t.co/9ouC4s30bh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - E086 - Langwood - Camelback - 10:07 - https://t.co/nx3C2emjna", "entity": [{"entity": "Langwood - Camelback", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [33, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- City officials : Calls waiting in 911 queue is down to ~10 ; has reached ~250 during # harvey . Do n't hang up and do n't call for status reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CEO4SHO Yes , and forecast to stay at tropical storm strength through Thursday morning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@SylvesterTurner : Rescues are today 's top priority . \" Our goal is to try to reach everyone today and get them out of stressful situations . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@SylvesterTurner : The focus is now to get people who are in dire situations out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Storemski : We have the @SETRAC_TX CMOC activated in the EOC to support medical operations across the region . # houstonflood", "entity": [{"entity": "EOC", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jgm41 : Herewith a message from former President and Mrs @GeorgeHWBush to their fellow Houstonians and Texans . https://t.co/XmxfZB5X4E", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @philklotzbach : # Harvey still a named storm 59 hr after landfall - the longest a TX landfalling # hurricane remained a NS after landfall on record . https://t.co/oG1fW8VCnN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Mayor Turner says the city will do whatever it takes to serve people and worry about the costs later . # HoustonFloods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @camstuf There are no evacuations in the City of Houston as of now . They will be posted to https://t.co/tekzrDzIEt if they are ordered . ^MW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Photo Gallery : Houston copes with more flooding on Monday https://t.co/lxaXLAugaB # Harvey # HoustonFlooding # houwx https://t.co/YSuCkVxyTe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 288 at Elgin St. This is insane y' all . https://t.co/P5oD3zie9e", "entity": [{"entity": "288 at Elgin St.", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JuliaMorales : I 'm a paper cut away from breaking down in tears for Texas . What an emotional weekend and what a freakin ' win for the Astros today .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @xasanchez94 @_ToddStone @HEB @shelbywebb Thx for the info -- one of very few . I 'm getting a more comprehensive list together . Most major chains are closed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here is the current list of open shelters as of 10 am Follow @ReadyHarris for further updates . https://t.co/xEpdXmQBfB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @tailgatingpics : @KPRC2 @conflenti @KPRCRachel @KPRCBritta their # Harvey coverage is outstanding and compassionate .. this is why I watch every morning # TY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Not what are emergency responders need but there 's a fire at Fannin & amp ; Bell . One firefighter came out , got on stretcher & amp ; went to hospital https://t.co/D2jCHiSFzF", "entity": [{"entity": "Fannin & amp ; Bell", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [73, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # BREAKING NE Water Processing Plant is under water . They 're trying to pump it out but have nowhere to send it yet . @KPRC2 # houstonflood", "entity": [{"entity": "NE Water Processing Plant", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [22, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I am looking to personally contact you all with victims in your area . # harveyrescue # harveysos # cajunnavy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GHC911 : # houstonflood 9 - 1 - 1 is not down . 9 - 1 - 1 calls in queue have decreased . If you need emergency help call , stay on the line , do n't hang up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @GinaCarre @YMCAHouston Go see", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Good advice if you are returning to your home after the flood . # HoustonFloods # houwx https://t.co/AMSmRggrXr", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LDixon_3 Picking up supplies to drop off to people ( friends of my friend with the truck ) who are stranded#d at the Medcenter w/ dwindling supplies https://t.co/ova4ytlHcV", "entity": [{"entity": "Medcenter", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @RosieBud521 : @gtp2nv @ZimMAGA @NewtTrump @AnnCoulter @bakedalaska @ManMountain78R3 @bfraser747 @jojoh888 @Corrynmb @StacyLStiles @Cernovich @PrisonPlanet MAYOR Playing politics ? DEMOCRAT Houston Mayor thanks Mayor of BOSTON . No thanks to Gov Abbott or Pres @potus . # MayorTurner # houstonmayor", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Apparently his friends have rationed out their supplies for the last few days , running out https://t.co/XY3MtMAUua", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I hope in my lifetime I never see anything even remotely close to this again . https://t.co/4yRrw7gqea", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- SH-36 Northbound At SH-35/ 17th St - High Water - Status : Verified at 10:33 AM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "SH-36 Northbound At SH-35/ 17th St", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- THIS IS GENIUS https://t.co/wlSWs19DLB", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FortBendCoPct3 : # Fulshear be advised . # Harvey https://t.co/sgd6IO15Xn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- CHECK OUT : @comcast extends over 53,000 WiFi Hotspots in Houston to Sept. 8 . Map : https://t.co/ERGVvwoQ0a # Harvey # HoustonFlooding # houwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- What building ? Do you know ? https://t.co/lDRBmk0AqQ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @smoiz : Everyone wants to be successful until they see what it actually takes via @Inspireu2Action @marshawright # ThinkBIGSundayWithMarsha https://t.co/vWdNAUoUnX", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @theclairebear23 @ChivesMcGee As of right now , it is passable through the 610 Loop , but not all the way to downtown Houston @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "610 Loop", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "downtown Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [120, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Stafford_PD : Photos from this morning of locations throughout the City of Stafford . There has been a lull in the weather , but ... https://t.co/UBNHDQiq6V", "entity": [{"entity": "@Stafford_PD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Brazos River is 45.2 ' as of 9:15 AM . Flood stage is 45 ' https://t.co/7uRyNn1vdo", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazos River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Shelter at BF Terry High School is opening at 10AM . Please go through the gym . 5500 Avenue N , Rosenberg , TX 77471 https://t.co/w91aARyMl5", "entity": [{"entity": "BF Terry High School", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "5500 Avenue N , Rosenberg , TX 77471", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [105, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @CajunAngela Imagining Canadian Mounties heading down led by Drake . https://t.co/T7DgtlEA5S", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Chadpantz92 @SylvesterTurner @EdEmmett @ArtAcevedo @SheriffEd_HCSO @GregAbbott_TX Local officials DO know best . Local officials who are both Republican and Democrat . Boy get outta here with this political nonsense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ndhapple Yeah , at Alabama and Dunlavy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @abc13houston @Fox26Houston https://t.co/uEPPh1QEL0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KHOU : WATCH LIVE : Continuing emergency weather coverage on catastrophic flooding from Tropical Storm Harvey . LIVE : https://t.co/8lNz4stPcQ https://t.co/zjFLYeffcP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Voy ha pasar la informacion de la situacion de ustedes . Y ohala que los officials pueden responder . https://t.co/K9nnCqmAXp", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Folks in Shepherd , Coldspring need some assistance , if you 're in the area . Red Cross having difficulty getting there # khou11 # HoustonFlood https://t.co/oV1lVsTnV2", "entity": [{"entity": "Shepherd", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Coldspring", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- HFD has responded to5500 calls , 4 K water related , nearly 300 since midnite . State nFed help are here and more expected soon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Watching the @VP speak live with @RussKHOU from our improvised studio in our improvised newsroom . # harvey https://t.co/stwVruHlk0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hcphtx : Those who lost power , if you are using a generator , plz know the instructions&amp ; use it safely ! DO NOT use it indoors ! ! https://t.co/sVtdUA0zpx https://t.co/PlLWrbUE3z", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- REMINDER : Do not drive into or near flood waters for spectating . Rescues are underway and do not need additional obstructions # houwx # txwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @keribla : @_SusanCarroll @monicarhor Next time , I need to bring marginally gross food that I do n't really want to eat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Sienna Plantation evacuate asap ! ! county leaders say parts of Sienna could be under water by this evening ! @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "Sienna Plantation", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "Sienna", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- SIENNA PLANTATION EVACUATION ROUTE https://t.co/KD38Ze4RML", "entity": [{"entity": "SIENNA PLANTATION", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @reportermatt : Always look to local reporters , y all . Great sources for the latest on # HoustonFloods We 'll be sending some that way soon , too . # Harvey https://t.co/kKTGPKfvAY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Continuing to post # HoustonFlood updates from around # TheHeights on our Instagram stories ! Follow along here : https://t.co/d8EmZrYFvU", "entity": [{"entity": "TheHeights", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- For all residents of Sienna Plantation this is the safe evacuation route . Follow @fbcoem for more info . https://t.co/XEcnLpxiVk", "entity": [{"entity": "Sienna Plantation", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelakaZeraven : @BrownGatrina # harveysos # harveyrescue @HurricaneHNeed", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @SeansARobot # KingwoodFlooding Stay safe . Video taken around 7 pm https://t.co/NQgyRSlmf3", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Just want to say a quick thanks to all our followers - you have been instrumental in getting the word out on these evacuations ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @houstonpolice : Two of our officers were interviewed by @KPRC2 after rescuing two four - legged Houstonians # HoustonStrong # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/LCP7g6nOpi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @hardball : \" This will be with us for a long time . And we need the resources necessary to make sure we have a complete recovery . \" @RepAlGreen on Harvey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Water Rescue - L019 - N Loop E - 20:41 - https://t.co/k7VDeY2SVm", "entity": [{"entity": "N Loop E", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @__karoliina I 'm told the back / eastern side of the building , Loading Dock B off of Chartres street . Sorry for the delayed reply !", "entity": [{"entity": "Loading Dock B off of Chartres street", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [76, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Donation drop off spot if you can get there safely or live close ! https://t.co/U1CbHmI3Gy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # URGENTE Otra evacuación obligatoria , solo tendrá hasta las 11 onzas para salir de su casa @TelemundoHou https://t.co/hCIms8u9pz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @nati_dmodel @abc13houston Have they been helped ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @nancycbarnes : We are watching closely : Storm water starts rising in neighborhoods near Addicks and Barker dams https://t.co/gONglHdUmp via @HoustonChron", "entity": [{"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Barker", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # khou patients being rescued from Health South Med Ctr on 249 at Louetta by boat , to ambulances", "entity": [{"entity": "Health South Med Ctr on 249 at Louetta", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [46, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Awaiting update from @fbcoem on conditions along the # BrazosRiver . Here 's a map showing the extent of flooding . @KPRC2 https://t.co/2zS2lWLccF", "entity": [{"entity": "BrazosRiver", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CimmerianHeart : .@CapelaClint my friends friend has an 80 year old elderly and a 12 year old alongside who need crucial evacuation . Water is waist deep . https://t.co/2Wuuyzl1ao", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- If you have been displaced by the Hurricane and are in Dallas here is some shelter information https://t.co/dC6L1rkMCV", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Message from FBISD superintendent . https://t.co/d1PTg6vQb4", "entity": [{"entity": "FBISD", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Need sleep ! Up in a few hours . See you guys soon . Keep tweeting me I will read when I wake up . Everyone is in my prayers tonight . 😘", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kfeser : Houston Chronicle parent donates to Red Cross https://t.co/pKpV5xqBJg via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MustafaLokhand1 US 290 WB is currently open . Plan your travel by checking https://t.co/t8nHeam5Rj before you leave .", "entity": [{"entity": "US 290 WB", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- No fatalities in ft bend county -- Ft . Bend Co. judge @abc13houston", "entity": [{"entity": "ft bend county", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Ft . Bend Co.", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Owens_abc27 We r good . Thank you", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Pretty cool animation ! https://t.co/lllux7C7dT", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TheEllenShow : The people of # Texas need us . The photos & amp ; stories are unbelievable . If you can help , I hope you will # HoustonStrong https://t.co/vuhXSRInIS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" A levee creates a bowl , and if it looses its ability to keep the outside water out , the water will fill the bowl \" - FB Co. Judge Hebert", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @katyisd : Donations have been suspended for tonight . They will begin being accepted again at 7:30 a.m. tomorrow . https://t.co/4lfasn8PB8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Up - to - date shelter information in the image ; check and enter your address : https://t.co/UGkMPADmdY for evac areas and routes https://t.co/rygJRvU6lt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @CallerClow : \" I was so sick and I 'm still sick to my stomach,\"Darlene Vasquez . ~ # Fulton # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/zWmpobWR1o", "entity": [{"entity": "Fulton", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : @KPRCBrandon @KPRC2 Here is a link to the Brazos River Inundation Map . https://t.co/2nmD2yYoEt", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazos River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @debbiethetexan Great !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Perspective : National Weather Service had to add a new color on their graphic to show just how much rain has fallen in Houston . https://t.co/plRw4A8610", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @willbryant84 @abc13houston They are aware of the problem and are working on it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @trangqdo @trangqdo , yes ! Well , 100 % to the Greater Houston area , not just people in the City of Houston .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lori2_25 Very true", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @spaghettiwh Please rebuild . Please do n't leave Houston . https://t.co/gq5ge8dYrM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Because this tweet has gotten so much traction , here 's the totality of what I wrote . Pieces were used for our larger story ( 1 of 3 ) https://t.co/fj4xIE9c0 K", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LafayetteCotton They are aware of the problem and are working on it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Officers , we have limited supply of socks , undershirts , and underwear(men 's and woman 's ) at the Union Hall , take minimum that you need .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Hall", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- City of Houston officials give update on Hurricane Harvey https://t.co/AEorru2D7C https://t.co/3DZ2UkmjLi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Ya se hizo limpieza todo esta transitable de nuevo https://t.co/8twJ262eOG", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BigBoi : # # Houston shelters https://t.co/lpd6mCaoth", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @bboyd1258 : WOW ! These pictures are incredible ! Check out the link ! # HurricaneHarvey # HoustonStrong https://t.co/yOEd7lSTCy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BrazoriaCounty : https://t.co/8r9QAFiiyz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ashleyysumner Love this picture ! I 'm with the CBS station in Houston , can we use it on our social media platforms ? We 'll give you full credit of course", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS station in Houston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RaceToThePace @CallerTravis @callerdotcom So so very sad ! ! When will people wake up and see climate change is a real thing ! ! !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JohnCornyn : Can call 1 - 800 - 621-FEMA or register online for disaster assistance https://t.co/huxrTU4pvf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- . @TexasGuard where are you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @NomaanMerchant : The GRB Convention Center has exceeded its 5,000-person capacity but continues to take # Harvey evacuees . No word yet on alternate site . https://t.co/RcA3WDNSgq", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB Convention Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ceeezyy Thank you , you too ! Stay safe !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HurricaneHarvey Closes # Houston Hospitals , Lessons From # Katrina - Sugar Land , TX Patch https://t.co/XmhAG0Uztt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cmclymer : To be clear , I still think Joel Osteen is a selfish , greedy , conniving charlatan , but this is still good news . More folks will get help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kayelizabethjay A sweet viewer has offered them a place to stay", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ThionvilleSarah @alt_noods Thank you", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @chevd80 : This is a report of rescue from @LindseyFOX26 via @Fox26Houston # wow https://t.co/KAglWWGSJ0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @meredithcandler Love yours too !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @pastorlocke : Joel Osteen , as a Pastor you have a huge obligation to show the love of Christ at this very moment . OPEN THE DOORS . # HoustonStrong", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HCTRA : SOUTH SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY -- WB Beamer Main Lanes closed due to high water as of 9:15 p.m.", "entity": [{"entity": "SOUTH SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY -- WB Beamer", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [23, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tornado Warning for Galveston County until 10:15 PM . https://t.co/qPcRHOfAck # txwx", "entity": [{"entity": "Galveston County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MelanieLawson13 : Ca n't believe this is Houston , but no better picture of kindness of strangers , as calvary sails in to get ppl out of water . @abc13houston https://t.co/TJK868S8MS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : .@HellerWeather said you should check the water outside your home before going to bed . https://t.co/x6CS4vvktE # houstonflood https://t.co/SkLNqBnmLt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @paulpendergraft : @abc13houston There are quite literally hundreds of flood victims alive tonight because a stranger volunteered to rescue them from flood water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @m_eslissa : @LindseyFOX26 @Fox26Houston have you seen her Her name is Mocha please let me know https://t.co/bvNj9hoEea", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @cmclymer : If you 've been blocked by @JoelOsteen today , welcome to the club . He does n't like simple , direct questions about living out Christ 's values . https://t.co/WWoVklAFcF", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @moneyctr The flooding has affected many of our staff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The Latest : A weary Houston likely to endure catastrophic flooding through Wednesday https://t.co/NYyFJC7dID via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RCPMWx @TTrogdon @VORTEXJeff This event will leave a permanent mark on me in ways I am unable to fully comprehend . The shock still has n't worn off .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JcitoySofi Por favor trate de acercarse hasta el lugar , siempre y cuando no vea una inundación en su camino que crea pueda impedirle el paso . Gracias", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Fr . Howard Drabek has measured over 41 \" of rain ( so far ) at St. Mary Catholic Church in League City . # harvey https://t.co/6IVXAt3rWY", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Mary Catholic Church in League City", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [75, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tornado Warning for Chambers & amp ; Galveston Counties until 10:30 PM . https://t.co/qPcRHOfAck # txwx", "entity": [{"entity": "Chambers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Galveston", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tornado Warning for Chambers and Galveston County until 10:30pm . https://t.co/gtaPn1bngy", "entity": [{"entity": "Chambers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Galveston County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Aviso de Tornado incluye Bolivar Peninsula TX hasta las 10:30 PM CDT https://t.co/QWkBpSZNfN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Please please please 🙏 🏻 https://t.co/c4CnoVRAKe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @iainmannpoker : Power out between Katy Fort Bend Rd and 99 south of I-10 . @Fox26Houston @LindseyFOX26 @CNPalerts", "entity": [{"entity": "Katy Fort Bend Rd and 99 south of", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [49, 82]}, {"entity": "I-10", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Lynnlinc : @ArtRasconABC13 @PatriciaOnTV @ABC @HellerWeather many people are trapped in Millwood , Riverstone , SugarLand . Please helpget attention 2rescue", "entity": [{"entity": "Millwood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "Riverstone", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "SugarLand", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Rest of the country : we could use a little help . 😢 # Houston # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/HJhidFLnHV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @vibrantglitter @GRBCC Right now , all locations are closed for this week for safety . We 'll update as we assess more . https://t.co/FLyBxDE7SU has all info .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @JohnDawsonFox26 I have no idea , but I 'm grateful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JohnDawsonFox26 : Helping Houston from # Harvey https://t.co/j0ECfWnI8O", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @MarkBermanFox26 : .@JJWatt fund - raising efforts surpass $ 1 million . New goal $ 1.5million : \" Unbelievable display of what can happen when people come together \" https://t.co/PY9Ev12WPe", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FutureTrack shows moderate / heavy rain continuing most of the night . Watch the loop here : https://t.co/XBBELxt29d https://t.co/pYnCMiMd6V", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Joel_Luks : @HellerWeather Donate to @RedCrossHouston . https://t.co/NXLjBA7eSI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Tropical Storm Warning for Harris County in TX . https://t.co/Ipa51h7JtT # houwx # txwx", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- As a result , P&amp;D Offices will be closed until Thursday . Many of our employees continue to serve throughout the city ! # HoustonStrong https://t.co/fZDY07VuUS", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-518 Southbound At Kemah Oaks Dr - Unknown - Status : Verified at 10:20 PM - Lanes Affected : None", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-518 Southbound At Kemah Oaks Dr", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- \" NOo pediremos el estatus migratorio de nadie en los refugios \" https://t.co/OVKJP4LdyL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : No vamos a pedir documentos ni estatus migratorio en ningun albergue este rumor es FALSO !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @craig_schaefer : Why are people expecting Joel Osteen to act like a Christian ? The prosperity gospel does n't remotely resemble anything Christ ever taught .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fluffypizza _ : This is literally down the street from my house :( this has to be about 50 feet of water https://t.co/0OmUtk2lZM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @HaleyKPRC Yes , but ARC is part of international org & amp ; operates under principles it has to be careful it does n't violate , or appear to . https://t.co/Bmrwn6iNvI", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- The reporting I did from NE Harris is here : Vignettes from the Harvey deluge : How Houstonians are coping https://t.co/sten1kSUlo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @tonyposnanski : Joel Osteen- People are insulting me on Twitter for being an asshole . Jesus- I will pray for you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @GeoBfield @SpaceCityWX It 's miraculous you 've been ok .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @fitti6 I ca n't imagine what the people that lost their homes and family members are going through . My hearts are with them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Here is the link for the inundation map ! https://t.co/2nmD2yYoEt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BettyBowers : Charlatan @JoelOsteen , who 's made millions off Houston , gives prayers as # HarveyRelief . Because giving food or shelter is super inconvenient https://t.co/y3uZq51Vv9", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @floresrene1870 : @PatriciaOnTV Patricia , you are providing some of the best tweets showing Kingwood / Humble images . Your great work on TV translating here to social media", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingwood", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "Humble", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Tr1zz : When the beautiful people of Houston ask Joel Osteen for the same donations they 've been giving his church https://t.co/hrWun5DV56", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- ( 3 of 3 ) \" We have even dispatched them across jurisdictions outside the county line ; to get them where they are needed the most . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Astros owner Jim Crane pledges $ 4 million donation to Hurricane Harvey relief efforts https://t.co/L8xuwZ6arU https://t.co/R0KOiLa3yW", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- EAST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Southbound At SHIP CHANNEL / TOLL BRIDGE - Stall - Status : Cleared at 10:37 PM", "entity": [{"entity": "EAST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Southbound At SHIP CHANNEL / TOLL BRIDGE", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Fox26Houston : # HURRICANEHARVEY Rising San Jacinto River threatens nearby small towns https://t.co/pjN7kZml9O YOUR GULF COAST WEATHER AUTHORITY https://t.co/EI0NHQJc06", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jacinto River", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @EricaGrieder You need to see @ArtAcevedo tweet . Even with no sun in the sky , casting serious shade . https://t.co/sN5KVBGG1r", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @elgretsch : @HoustonDynamo @HoustonDash This is only players , and only seen as a temporary solution while things get back to normal in Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GalvestonFerry : We are running as long as it is safe to do so . Our crew members are doing a great job . # Harvey https://t.co/PsSJtiFNG7", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JohnDawsonFox26 : How many of you saw my Sat . 1 am interview with @Jeff_Piotrowski ? https://t.co/mjbBfylEmc # blueshed @Fox26Houston", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Here are some snapchats from my area Grocery store full , houses underwater , and that river was a feeder road # harvey https://t.co/rAAN4dhgLZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @AntiKnucklePuck : @erickasmichelle thank you .. hope you and your family are doing well , sending lots of prayers your way 💕", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @TillmanWeather : 3 day rain totals from Harvey are approaching 40 \" from the rain gage at Clear Creek @ I-45 . More rain is coming . https://t.co/SQJPjm5kvq", "entity": [{"entity": "Clear Creek @ I-45", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [105, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- It ’s like a waiting game to see whose neighborhood is flooded next , today is stressful", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Thanks https://t.co/MauAA7HVmm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KingDinma @EzemenariObasi @Jdharden has written a number of stories about Sunnyside for the Chronicle . We need to do better though . I agree .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @cashoutdbrown @SATeamUnited @RcsSports @djones8301 @PCousy2 Working with @POWERMEDIAPM now will have a clothing drive / charity game Sept. 16th", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Corrynmb : Cajun Navy is being shot at by looters as they risk their lives to rescue ppl from this catastrophic flood . # Harvey https://t.co/lAfNDzuC8B", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FoxNews : Nearly 60 counties in Southeast Texas have now been declared disaster sites . Read more : https://t.co/uEfnqtw6Q5 | # Harvey https://t.co/qS3TRw9Ze8", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @GalvNews : La Vita Bella owner : Residents laughed , joked during wait for rescue https://t.co/kYOkpgPU9d", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @tedoberg is the most https://t.co/x0YzdjvnNw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : TOUCHDOWN ! ! @HoustonTexans star @JJWatt has raised over $ 1 million in a day to support # Harvey relief efforts https://t.co/ArI5647SC4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- We have been https://t.co/nRLOgDaYs0", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- .@UHCougarMBK Head Coach @CoachSampsonUH Starts Harvey Clothinbg Donation Drive For Coaches & gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;https://t.co / AY6nlFbOKO # NCAA # Cougars", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Excellent suggestion https://t.co/kbg4f82MtL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Light rain for Katy tonight with gusty winds . Not much accumulation . https://t.co/sBNPKGDIn2", "entity": [{"entity": "Katy", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @StaffordMSD : @StaffordMSD is NOT a Shelter at this time . High water makes the campus inaccessible at this time . https://t.co/zBgx0EuVjt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @seanlana71 fans definitely fired up", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- You rock ! I know everyone here is grateful https://t.co/BVREyzb6le", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @kewlgirl05 : @KHOU @BillBishopKHOU Blackhawk rescue helicopter landing across from our building in the Med Center . # Harvey # houston # news https://t.co/rbFssPY9iC", "entity": [{"entity": "Med Center", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @foxt78 : Uncertainty engulfs region : Tuesday 's @HoustonChron front page . Design by @clarooz19 . Photos by @MPhillip_hc and @godovasquez . https://t.co/C31fZiQJvN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Cajun Navy volunteers attacked in Houston while helping Harvey victims https://t.co/fgmAnjduJz", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-2919 Northbound At BATTLE RD - High Water - Status : Verified at 10:58 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-2919 Northbound At BATTLE RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Did someone hack your Twitter account ? Because otherwise how are you trying to make 6.5 million enemies for no reason ? https://t.co/EUH1Z39HTi", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Animación : Unos 419,000 millones de galones de agua cayeron en Houston en solo tres días https://t.co/Q06dNECl7a vía @UniNoticias", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @OmarVillafranca : Remember the heartbreaking pic of Tx Sr Citizens stuck in chest deep water in # Harvey ? New pic : They're safe , warm & amp ; dry ! @CBSNews https://t.co/T6RDVl9ggZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jvards Is this in Meyerland plaza ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyerland plaza", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @FoxNews : .@POTUS : \" I want to begin today by extending my thoughts and prayers for those affected by Hurricane # Harvey . \" https://t.co/Jj0rYozXdI https://t.co/NeaeiKXYE4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Simone_Biles : it 's breaking my heart to see my city like this", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Cedar Bayou is approaching 500-yr levels ... which far exceeds the hurricane Ike storm surge level # houwx # hounews https://t.co/8kC0waQTMk", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedar Bayou", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @JACOBI_XYZ : @HoustoniaMag Like ... seriously ... WTF ? ! ? https://t.co/M9MXYrURaN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @abc13houston : .@SteveABC13 at the Galveston Airport where air evacuations are underway # houstonflood https://t.co/N9srfyuBVf https://t.co/bNEwLjLlFX", "entity": [{"entity": "Galveston Airport", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @AndrewKragie @mrkmully Potentially citywide order to boil tap water before using . Low pressure in the lines . ( May not come to that . )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- So many have asked . Here 's volunteer info . We need you ! # harvey # hounews # HurricaneHarvey https://t.co/r96nmFJAx4", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @crystalzermeno @KPRC2 I sent this to bill", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- These people have been waiting for HOURS PLEASE RT ! ! ! ! They need help ! ! ! @KPRC2 https://t.co/5LU0HIRFxb", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @HOUmanitarian I have assumptions but no reason to be suspicious . Many , many boats and helicopters are coming from across the country", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HPOUTX : HELP officers are in desperate need socks , undershirts , underwear pls get to nearest policestation or 1600State St @houstonpolice @ArtAcevedo", "entity": [{"entity": "1600State St", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [128, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-69 Northbound At BRAZOS RIVER - High Water - Status : Detected at 11:10 PM - Lanes Affected : 1 Frontage Road Lane(s )", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-69 Northbound At BRAZOS RIVER", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- IH-69 Southbound At BRAZOS RIVER - High Water - Status : Verified at 11:24 PM - Lanes Affected : 1 Frontage Road Lane(s )", "entity": [{"entity": "IH-69 Southbound At BRAZOS RIVER", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- FM-1093 Eastbound At KATY GASTON RD - High Water - Status : Verified at 11:28 PM - Lanes Affected : All Mainlanes", "entity": [{"entity": "FM-1093 Eastbound At KATY GASTON RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Seriously I know . This is a bad night south of the Beltway . It 's horrible . No other way to put it . https://t.co/rEMTgd0Zc1", "entity": [{"entity": "the Beltway", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- I understand it can be a little difficult rn considering the flooding , but if anyone has an address to send some stuff to please lmk !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @she_dreams_big The release is ongoing . And probably will be for awhile . You can get more info here : https://t.co/ztY1DDaaty", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @umartinez : Seguimos firme con nuestro compromiso de informar . Se unen a la cobertura @CrystalKTMD @Normagarciatv @AugustoKTMD @TelemundoHou # Harvey https://t.co/VXHIYkw9xf", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # Harvey aftermath : Evacuations expanded across Houston area as bayous , rivers swell https://t.co/kkHnbN7Fpv via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- WEST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Northbound At FM-1093 WESTHEIMER RD - Accident - Status : Cleared at 11:31 PM", "entity": [{"entity": "WEST SAM HOUSTON TOLLWAY Northbound At FM-1093 WESTHEIMER RD", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- US-90 ALTERNATE Westbound At KIRKWOOD DR / DULLES AVE - High Water - Status : Verified at 11:31 PM - Lanes Affected : None", "entity": [{"entity": "US-90 ALTERNATE Westbound At KIRKWOOD DR / DULLES AVE", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [11, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @tiffany_goodhue Rain could be steady all night in Pasadean .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- City trying to keep operating water plant submerged by # Harvey https://t.co/XTmbgPGx79 via @HoustonChron", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @HoustonTX : We will not ask for immigration status or papers from anyone at any shelter . This rumor is FALSE !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Amen https://t.co/Z3unnASmpM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Wow . What a day . # HurricaneHarvey", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # HoustonStrong God be with y' all . https://t.co/bqhh8YgqYH", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @MFWil You can find Lake Houston info here : https://t.co/2m9pOLWYeY", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @SheaSerrano : i know there is so much other stuff to think about and sort through but : file your Harvey property claim with your insurance BEFORE friday https://t.co/a1ESDiW3Su", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @huntee2010", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BrazoriaCounty : # Harvey # BrazoriaCounty https://t.co/eCduAsvDuO", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @12713399HOU I do n't have information on that particular waterway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @BrazoriaCounty : # Harvey # BrazoriaCounty EMERGENCY SHELTER : Clute Intermediate School 421 E. Main Street Clute , Texas 77531 Pets welcome !", "entity": [{"entity": "Clute Intermediate School 421 E. Main Street", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [78, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @DesaiDiddy @BrazoriaCounty Mandatory evacuation continues in Sienna", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Iris_Shantal Thank you , we 're fine thank goodness ! I hope you & amp;&amp ; your entire family / loved ones are safe as well !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @jesus_acevedojr : Incredible story from @rfelliott https://t.co/hI700eG5bn", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @ronNcaphill I have amazing co - workers , no doubt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- # Harvey is moving ESE at 3 mph . Expected to reach Beaumont by Wednesday morning . https://t.co/YasdXIJhDm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Standing for Houston : Among the teams , leagues donating money to aid # Houstonflooding victims # HoustonStrong # khou11 https://t.co/PtFYaCEIks", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Motor Vehicle Incident - E046 , A046 , M062 , AS016 - Doolittle Blvd - 23:44 - https://t.co/6XUxXsO0wg", "entity": [{"entity": "Doolittle Blvd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @loufreshwater They 're pretty incredible", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @brookelewisa @HoustonChron Hi ! I 'm here if you need me !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lachueta They have some friends ! Thank you though !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Try this link @O_TheRed", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @RedCross tells me they will need many more volunteers at the GRB tomorrow morning -- will welcome volunteers overnight , too # abc13 https://t.co/ckCTz7OHg0", "entity": [{"entity": "GRB", "entity_type": "exact location", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Little Cypress Creek is slowly falling but still about 3 ' above top of bank . Forecast to fall below flood stage by Saturday . https://t.co/FkBoAsIIR1", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Cypress Creek", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [11, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Rdean717 More rain for Liberty tonight and Tuesday . Trinity River forecast to rise another 1.5 ' on Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Such GREAT NEWS ! The three deaf people who were trapped in NE were rescued and transported per Precinct 2 . Thank goodness . @KPRC2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @corralesgloria7 : Coldplay wrote an original song dedicated to Houston ; and played it tonight in Miami . My heart is so full thank you @coldplay # ColdplayMiami https://t.co/8UwZlrvZQM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @she_dreams_big Because of the rain that 's still falling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Brazoria County Road Closures # houwx # txwx # Harvey https://t.co/EaYIG2Qrob", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazoria County", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @nicholas__james @abc13houston You can check local roads here : https://t.co/r4fSJ31j88", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @Susan01Cook : @HellerWeather This is off Cypress Rosehill Rd in Cypress https://t.co/ofcNvIyTmF", "entity": [{"entity": "Cypress Rosehill Rd", "entity_type": "road", "pos": [56, 75]}, {"entity": "Cypress", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Melzb1284 Thank you @Melzb1284 ! This is n't directed towards most people , but a select few that claim I 'm their friend & amp ; brother !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Updated Evacuation Map https://t.co/0LnjesQdAj", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @fbcoem : Updated River height at 50.58 feet https://t.co/zQI7RLnSce", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @gialorenaa Wise :)", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Rain usually helps me sleep better , but tonight it 's making me even more restless . I wish it would just stop altogether 😥", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- 7 . I 'm safe and dry , but the damage from this storm is hard to fathom . So many friends still face water in their homes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @djkhaled : HOUSTON TEXAS my prayers are wit you ! I just sent 25k your way to help all the families in need 🙏 🏽 @kevinhart4real I accepted your challenge https://t.co/EgCjyT8IKV", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Boondockabillie There 's just a certain someone who I love and care very much about ; that has n't even taken 5secs out if his day to make sure I 'm alright !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LuLuandTheCrew Do you have pic", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @lkwyckoff Water level on Buffalo depends on release of water from Addicks / Barkers and additional rain . Currently forecast to hold steady .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Addicks", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Barkers", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @LauraLou1115 @KHOU Yes , yes I will ! 💕 🙂", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @DeborahResists @Vegas040805 I 'm sure the electric crews are frustrated because the flooding is keeping them from getting into neighborhoods to fix the power lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @KurtWillBall @ClutchCity4Life Patriots pledged up to $ 1mill not a set amount . Did n't want to confuse anyone", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @Texan2W1 @KHOU Patriots pledge up to a $ 1million , did n't want to confuse anyone", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Cougars ’ Head Coach Sampson Asks Coaches Nationwide For Harvey Donations https://t.co/W27UGXcvDm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @NavyHellcat1942 @KHOU @HoustonTexans To be fair , texans were first to step up to plate", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @FabiiolaRivera Several more inches of rain is possible in Texas City thru Tuesday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @kaitlinmonte @lindzgarz Flooding on the lower San Jacinto Riv will be severe", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jacinto Riv", "entity_type": "river", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @ZichellaEric : Dreaming of Houston @coldplay # coldplaymiami first time ever played . https://t.co/KYJI2aSz9n", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : AMAZING ! @coldplay dedicates song to # Houston ! Said they 'd never play it again . Full song & gt ; https://t.co/pIzMbp0uh1 # HoustonStrong # Harvey https://t.co/XIWI6K97bL", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @XBrittanyDukeX @taavi_rautavirt @Kimmie2k26 @McJuggerNuggets Yet some of my favorite YouTubers are chasing the kids and losing touch with what they 're about . Apparently the kids bring better views !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @METROHouAlerts : ALL METRO service will remain suspended through Wednesday , August 30 , 2017 due to severe weather conditions . Updates to follow . ^A https://t.co/P6SE6skVAZ", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Update hurricane Harvey https://t.co/dNUQuD2bKN", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @jordanwind Quite possible . We ca n't be everywhere at once . I 'll take a note .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRCkeithg : Horse rescue in Cleveland ... Chance Ward & amp ; his son Rowdy # HurricaneHarvey # Harvey @KPRC2 # KPRC2 https://t.co/3I3P6PzITm", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland", "entity_type": "area", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Shutting down my Twitter for the night . Stay safe . Try and stay dry . We 'll chat more tomorrow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Si necesita rescate en el condado de Fort Bend llame 👇 🏻 y manténgase en la línea . https://t.co/xWIqsokvg2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- @XBrittanyDukeX @taavi_rautavirt @Kimmie2k26 @McJuggerNuggets And if you count on those \" kids \" for your views and revenue too much , once they move on you 've lost a majority of your audience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- RT @KPRC2 : WATCH LIVE : https://t.co/2lde1KQA1 T https://t.co/GpWliU6NW2", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-DOCSTART- Another sad story from this storm : mo county pct 3 constable confirms 60 - 70 yr old man drowns trying to swim across flood water # khou11", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/dev.json b/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/dev.json
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/schema.json
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+["media", "plant", "vehicle", "astronomical object", "time", "disease", "animal", "location", "person", "organization", "mythical figure", "food", "biology", "geographical phenomenon", "instrument", "event"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/test.json b/IE-en/NER/MultiNERD/test.json
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+{"text": "Cleopatra is reputed to have used it to brighten the whites of her eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleopatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left the position in 2006 , returning four years later as a replacement for Thomas N'Kono .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas N'Kono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both of his sons , Franck and Yann , were also professional footballers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Yann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Porridge \" but would become common place during the neolithic .", "entity": [{"entity": "neolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dish has traditionally been closely associated with Scotland , possibly because oats can be successfully cultivated on marginal upland soils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unenriched porridge ( as oatmeal ) , cooked by boiling or microwave , is 84 % water , and contains 12 % carbohydrates , including 2 % dietary fiber , and 2 % each of protein and fat ( table ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dietary fiber", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1980 , he was hired as the defensive coordinator for the Cleveland Browns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Browns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His longest tenure was with the New York Jets , as their offensive coordinator from 2006 through 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Jets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first position was as defensive coordinator for William Paterson University in 1974 ; he then coached for a total of 12 different teams from 1978 through 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Paterson University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also represented his country at the Olympics in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The founder of logotherapy , Viktor Frankl , may have well exemplified this definition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Frankl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second half of the 18th century , the new language appeared , called Slavonic-Serbian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slavonic-Serbian", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zagreb 1971 – 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zagreb", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the goalkeeper coach of Fremad Amager .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fremad Amager", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His league debut was a 3 – 0 home defeat to Kilmarnock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kilmarnock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When first choice goalkeeper Stefan Klos returned from his injury , he once again took control of the goalkeeper spot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stefan Klos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It normally goes on a bridge , under a bridge , or in a tunnel ( the only tunnel is the tunnel under Colonial Williamsburg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colonial Williamsburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parkway tunnels under the historic district of Colonial Williamsburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colonial Williamsburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Herbert Hoover , who had a summer home at Rapidan Camp , called for the construction of the road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert Hoover", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Rapidan Camp", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also deer , black bears , turkey , and other wildlife , which may appear and cross the road without warning .", "entity": [{"entity": "deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "black bears", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "turkey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this point , the drive winds south and ascends the Blue Ridge Mountains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blue Ridge Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was portrayed by Rhyon Nicole Brown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhyon Nicole Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei , a former Deputy Regimental Chief in the People 's Liberation Army .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ren Zhengfei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "People 's Liberation Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new R&D team in Grenoble was expected to grow to 30 researchers by 2020 , said the company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grenoble", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also helped the careers of the acclaimed sportscasters Spencer Ross and Johnny Most .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spencer Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Johnny Most", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBC employed him as a critic and teacher of its sports announcers .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Martin Scorsese , the well-known film director and producer , was one of the film 's executive producers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Scorsese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes lists it as one of the best reviewed comedies , with a 95 % approval rating from 61 published reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film continues to cause controversy ; in February 2007 , the Church of St Thomas the Martyr in Newcastle upon Tyne held a public screening in the church itself , with song-sheets , organ accompaniment , stewards in costume and false beards for female members of the audience ( alluding to an early scene where a group of women disguise themselves as men so that they are able to take part in a stoning ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Church of St Thomas the Martyr", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 95]}, {"entity": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , before the showing , an Aberystwyth University student discovered that a ban had only been discussed by the council and in fact that it had been shown ( or scheduled to be shown ) at a cinema in the town in 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aberystwyth University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movie which had \" Sunil Dutt \" as the hero , did not do very well at the box office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunil Dutt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following his discharge in 1946 , he enrolled at Columbia University 's graduate school , receiving his Ph.D. in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They delayed publication of their results until after Wu 's group was ready , and the two papers appeared back-to-back in the same physics journal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , Dan Mazeau was added as a screenwriter for the project , and Masi Oka joined as producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan Mazeau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Masi Oka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to character guides and articles on other fictional aspects of the series , it compiles the various short comics , , that were published in \" V Jump \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "V Jump", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The battalion saw subsequent service in Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The battalion sustained enormous casualties in Libya near Tobruk when they lost around 500 officers and men captured or killed during a general retreat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Tobruk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All songs were written , arranged , and produced by David Axelrod .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Axelrod", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also well known for his on the field rivalry with Juventus defender Francesco Morini , who later became his teammate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Francesco Morini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , she was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Salvinia \" is related to the other water ferns , including the mosquito fern \" Azolla \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azolla", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Salvinia \" , like the other ferns in order Salviniales , are heterosporous , producing spores of differing sizes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salviniales", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tiny weevil , \" Cyrtobagous salviniae \" , has been used successfully to control giant salvinia .", "entity": [{"entity": "weevil", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "Cyrtobagous salviniae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [18, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stirling Silliphant wrote the screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stirling Silliphant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With his ex-wife , Anne Loesser ( daughter of pianist Arthur Loesser ; married 1953 – 77 ) , he was the father of writer Martha Hollander and uncle of the songwriter Sam Hollander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anne Loesser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Arthur Loesser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Martha Hollander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 137]}, {"entity": "Sam Hollander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His parents named him after composer Jerome Kern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerome Kern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Echoes of bluegrass playing ( such as Arthur Smith and Doc Watson ) could be heard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Doc Watson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crowds produced hundreds of flowers , gifts , images , and a bagpipe rendition of \" Amazing Grace \" in remembrance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amazing Grace", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining ashes were poured into the San Francisco Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inlay , a dancing skeleton holding a rose , covers a plate just below the bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "rose", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Steve Bruce made the contract permanent in March 2004 for a £ 1.5 \" million fee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The duo also served a spell with blues guitarist Peter Green in the mid-nineties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by research into the history of fish found in Lake Neuchâtel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Neuchâtel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1,290 original drawings made for the work were purchased by the Earl , and presented by him to the Geological Society of London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geological Society of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , invertebrate animals engaged his attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "invertebrate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strange forms of \" Pterichthys \" , \" Coccosteus \" and other genera were then made known to geologists for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coccosteus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a profound impact on paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott and natural scientist Edward S. Morse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Doolittle Walcott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "Edward S. Morse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theme was made available ( along with exclusive tracks from various other artists ) on the Survival International charity album , \" Songs for Survival \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Survival International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 117]}, {"entity": "Songs for Survival", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [136, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by seizures in the setting of pre-eclampsia .", "entity": [{"entity": "pre-eclampsia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically the pregnant woman develops hypertension and proteinuria before the onset of a convulsion ( seizure ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Placental insufficiency may also occur , a state in which the placenta fails to support appropriate fetal development because it cannot deliver the necessary amount of oxygen or nutrients to the fetus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Placental insufficiency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other vasodilators are also reduced , including prostacyclin , thromboxane A2 , nitric oxide , and endothelins , also leading to vasoconstriction .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the core features of pre-eclampsia is high blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "high blood pressure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If magnesium administration with resultant high serum concentrations fail to control convulsions , the addition of other intravenous anticonvulsants may be used , facilitate intubation and mechanical ventilation , and to avoid magnesium toxicity including maternal thoracic muscle paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [281, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expedition made landfall on April 26 , 1607 at a place which they named Cape Henry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Henry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present time , as part of the Colonial National Historical Park , the Jamestown Island area is home to two heritage tourism sites related to the original fort and town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colonial National Historical Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 70]}, {"entity": "Jamestown Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intamin was eventually contracted to develop the ride system for the attraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Intamin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In commemoration of its final month of operation , a special event was held with Christopher Lloyd and Bob Gale beginning the countdown to the ride 's closure in early August 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "Bob Gale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 20 , 2016 , the park announced that it would be replaced by \" Despicable Me Minion Mayhem \" and was opened on April 21 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Despicable Me Minion Mayhem", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its capital was Sardis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sardis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At its greatest extent , during the 7th century BC , it covered all of western Anatolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 2009 , her latest compilation album was issued , \" Greatest Hits \" , both in single CD and double CD formats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greatest Hits", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A forward , he began his career with Leicester City in August 1944 , before a £ 19,000 move to Hull City in November 1949 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Hull City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won the FA Cup in 1956 , having finished on the losing side in the 1955 final .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was bought by Sunderland for £ 22,000 in October 1956 , before moving on to Leeds United in November 1958 for a £ 14,000 fee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He retired in 1984 , but was diagnosed with motor neurone disease in May 1987 , which led to his death two years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "motor neurone disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He instilled a \" family atmosphere \" at Elland Road , making sure to take an interest in the lives of everyone at the club from the cleaning staff to the star players and ensuring there were no \" big egos \" at the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elland Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He developed a youth policy at the club , notable graduates of which would be Eddie Gray , Norman Hunter , Peter Lorimer and Paul Reaney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eddie Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Norman Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "Peter Lorimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Paul Reaney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other arrivals included former Manchester City teammate Billy McAdams , forward Ian Lawson and left-back Cliff Mason .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Billy McAdams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Ian Lawson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Cliff Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first commercial recording was in 1962 , by Pery Ribeiro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pery Ribeiro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Stan Getz recording featuring the vocal debut of Astrud Gilberto became an international hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Getz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Astrud Gilberto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After its use five were bought by Tayside Aviation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tayside Aviation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 96 % , based on 78 reviews , and an average rating of 9 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus SCN excludes the severe neutropenia which can occur in congenital diseases such as Shwachman–Diamond syndrome , Barth syndrome , Chédiak–Higashi syndrome , WHIM syndrome , and glycogen storage disease type Ib .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shwachman–Diamond syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [88, 114]}, {"entity": "Barth syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Chédiak–Higashi syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "WHIM syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "glycogen storage disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [181, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Henry Mintzberg , a technostructure 's influence is based on systems of expertise , but a technostructure gains power to the extent to which it can develop systems of bureaucratic control .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Mintzberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Irrfan Khan and former model , Ilene Hamann in the lead roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irrfan Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Ilene Hamann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his most famous novels was \" Snow Country \" , started in 1934 and first published in installments from 1935 through 1937 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Snow Country", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book that he himself considered his finest work , \" The Master of Go \" ( 1951 ) , contrasts sharply with his other works .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Master of Go", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He contradicted the custom of suicide as being a form of enlightenment , mentioning the priest Ikkyū , who also thought of suicide twice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ikkyū", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One thesis , as advanced by Donald Richie , was that he mistakenly unplugged the gas tap while preparing a bath .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Richie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many theories have been advanced as to his potential reasons for killing himself , among them poor health ( the discovery that he had Parkinson 's disease ) , a possible illicit love affair , or the shock caused by the suicide of his friend Yukio Mishima in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [134, 154]}, {"entity": "Yukio Mishima", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the head coach of Lausanne HC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lausanne HC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did n't start the program , following the decision to take a coaching position with the New York Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , he obtained an EMBA from Queen ’s School of Business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queen ’s School of Business", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 24 , 2015 , Oilers Entertainment Group CEO , Bob Nicholson announced that Peter Chiarelli had been hired as the new general manager and president of hockey operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oilers Entertainment Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 47]}, {"entity": "Bob Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Peter Chiarelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , with 22 reviews , the film has a rare approval rating of \" 0 % \" meaning no favorable reviews whatsoeverreceiving an average rating of 3.39 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in the city of New Bedford , it runs as a freeway for approximately , continuing as a surface street until it reaches Weymouth .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Bedford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Weymouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To succeed , a player must balance the various needs of survival and prospering , as well as manage the problems presented by the setting or the clan individuals - a lack of food might be solvable by clearing more farmland , but when the forest responds by sending a talking fox to urge leaving the trees alone , a wrong choice could bring the clan hunters to war with their environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "fox", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [275, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was released on August 29 , 1987 , by Virgin Records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virgin Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Handling larvae is discouraged , however , because their sharp , spiny hairs may cause dermatitis in some people .", "entity": [{"entity": "dermatitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the same family , the larvae of the garden tiger moth ( \" Arctia caja \" ) are also known as woollybear caterpillars and consume an alkaloid diet similar to \" Grammia incorrupta \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arctia caja", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "by Gary K. Wolf , the film stars Bob Hoskins , Christopher Lloyd , Charles Fleischer , Stubby Kaye and Joanna Cassidy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary K. Wolf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "Bob Hoskins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Christopher Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "Charles Fleischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "Stubby Kaye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Joanna Cassidy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A LaserDisc edition was also released .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaserDisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 12 , 2013 , the film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray and DVD combo pack special edition for the film 's 25th anniversary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 97 % based on 64 reviews and an average score of 8.4 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he retired from acting in 2012 after being diagnosed with Parkinson 's disease a year earlier , and died from complications in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This trend began in the mid-16 th century and was revived in the 19th and 20th centuries , most notably by Sigmund Freud .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sigmund Freud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a \" predella \" to go at the base of a larger composition , a painting by Lorenzo di Credi from which it has become separated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorenzo di Credi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcantonio della Torre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He drew the heart and vascular system , the sex organs and other internal organs , making one of the first scientific drawings of a fetus \" in utero \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [132, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species is parasitised by the shiny cowbird ( \" Molothrus bonariensis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "shiny cowbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also teamed as executive producers for the reboot of \" All That \" which premiered in June 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "All That", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will oversell shares on a massive scale and produce a play that will close on opening night , thus avoiding payouts and leaving the duo free to flee to Rio de Janeiro with the profits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rio de Janeiro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "414 – 455 CE ) , and possibly , to that of Skandagupta ( r .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skandagupta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His name , along with that of the poet Bharavi , is also mentioned in a stone inscription dated 634 C.E. found at Aihole , located in present-day Karnataka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bharavi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Aihole", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Karnataka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also had a great impact on Rabindranath Tagore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rabindranath Tagore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2017 , he left the ESPN and ABC television networks after 27 years , briefly retiring from play-by-play of live sports .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother , Todd Musburger , is a prominent sports agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Todd Musburger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early in 1990 , CBS underwent a significant management change .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His position as the lead play-by-play announcer for college basketball was filled by Jim Nantz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Nantz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars James Dean , Sal Mineo , and Natalie Wood .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Dean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Sal Mineo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Natalie Wood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , a plate belonging to swashbucklers would read \" PYR88 \" with the solution being \" pirates \" while one belonging to Bill Cosby would read \" IIPI \" with the solution being the title of his television series \" I Spy \" ; consecutive letters or numbers in a plate were usually treated as plurals , so the two numbers at the end of the first plate would read as \" eights \" and not \" eighty-eight \" while the first two letters in the second would not be pronounced \" eye-eye \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Cosby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "I Spy", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [222, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the most diverse yet compact collections of plants in the world and includes representatives from over 90 % of the higher plant families .", "entity": [{"entity": "higher plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [128, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His predecessor , Timothy Walker , served from 1988 to 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timothy Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the rarest plants in the collection is \" Euphorbia stygiana \" , with only ten plants left existing in the wild .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euphorbia stygiana", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [48, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flowering high in the glasshouse is the yellow-flowered \" Allamanda cathartica \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allamanda cathartica", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [58, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was dismissed on May 31 , 2018 after General Manager Steve Yzerman called the defense \" not quite good enough \" during the regular season and the playoffs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Yzerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The passerines ( perching birds ) alone account for well over 5,000 species .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerines", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratites are mostly large and long-legged , flightless birds , lacking a keeled sternum .", "entity": [{"entity": "flightless", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With their keeled sternum ( breastbone ) , unlike the ratites , they are known as carinatae .", "entity": [{"entity": "carinatae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles Burkhart uses overlap and reinterpretation to distinguish between the overlap of phrases and of both phrase and measure-group , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Burkhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She became active in academic circles , completing a post-graduate degree at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music which combined her interests in music education , indigenous music and brass instruments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Conservatorium of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The summit was achieved ( or nearly so ) by John Muir , Josiah Whitney , Clarence King , and John Wesley Powell .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Muir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Josiah Whitney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "Clarence King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "John Wesley Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed as a free agent with the San Antonio Spurs on August 2 , 2000 , but never played a game for them .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Antonio Spurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was eventually released , and then signed the first of two 10 day contracts with the Philadelphia 76ers on April 6 , 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won his first game on October 13 , defeating the Edmonton Oilers 4 – 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton Oilers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are the northernmost examples of circle henges in Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many archaeologists continue to refer to this structure as a henge ; for example , Aubrey Burl classifies the ditch as a Class II henge ; one that has two opposing entrances , in this case on the north-west and south-east .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aubrey Burl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immediate area has also yielded a number of flint arrowheads and broken stone mace-heads that seem to date from the Bronze Age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a controversial unit originally proposed by Alexander Thom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Thom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Producer Don Murphy maintained that he was part of the project in 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During these years he skated with the Hampton Roads Gulls , Erie Golden Blades , Nashville South Stars and the Virginia Lancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hampton Roads Gulls", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "Erie Golden Blades", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "Nashville South Stars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "Virginia Lancers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frantz Fanon explored the legacy of racism and colonialism on the psyches ' of black men .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frantz Fanon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The closest relative of \" H. \" gammarus \" is the American lobster , \" Homarus americanus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "American lobster", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1904 and 1914 , one million lobster larvae were released from hatcheries in Dunedin , but the species did not become established there .", "entity": [{"entity": "larvae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Dunedin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homarus gammarus \" is susceptible to the disease gaffkaemia , caused by the bacterium \" Aerococcus viridans \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "gaffkaemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lobsters are mostly fished using lobster pots , although lines baited with octopus or cuttlefish sometimes succeed in tempting them out , to allow them to be caught in a net or by hand .", "entity": [{"entity": "octopus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "cuttlefish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It came from , near Marstrand , Sweden ( northwest of Gothenburg ) , but both it and the paralectotypes have since been lost .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marstrand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Gothenburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an adaptation of the 1891 Oscar Wilde play of the same name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar Wilde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it was the first of his films to take place outside of his home province of Shanxi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanxi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first decade of his life , he also lived in Bolton , Lancashire , and Wallasey , Cheshire , because his father was involved in local politics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Lancashire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Wallasey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Cheshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his amateur playing career he trained with Arsenal football club to focus on his fitness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The route from Woodford in the south to Reddish in the north , combines rural footpaths , quiet lanes and river valleys with urban landscapes and parklands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woodford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Reddish", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is only one known species , \" Podocalyx loranthoides \" , a tree native to Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , and northwestern Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His family moved to Tasmania when he was a young child .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After obtaining a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 1967 he practised as a barrister and solicitor in Melbourne and later in Tasmania .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Melbourne", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 67]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was recommended by George W. Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eggs are laid singly on a wide range of food plants including hedge mustard ( \" Sisybrium officinale \" ) , garlic mustard ( \" Alliaria petiolata \" ) , cuckooflower ( \" Cardamine pratense \" ) , water-cress ( \" Rorippa nastutium-aquaticum \" ) , charlock ( \" Sinapis arvensis \" ) , large bitter-cress ( \" Cardamine amara \" ) , wild cabbage ( \" Brassica oleracea \" ) , and wild radish ( \" Raphanus raphanistrum \" ) , and so it is rarely a pest in gardens or field crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "cabbage", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [333, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is often found feeding on the same plant as the orange tip but rarely competes for food because it usually feeds on the leaves whereas the orange tip caterpillar feeds on the flowers and developing seed pods .", "entity": [{"entity": "orange tip", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus is native to South America , Central America , southern Mexico , and the West Indies .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annual Grand National horse race takes place at Aintree Racecourse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand National", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Aintree Racecourse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its status as a port city attracted a diverse population from a wide range of cultures , primarily Ireland , Norway , and Wales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Battles for control of the town were waged during the English Civil War , including an eighteen-day siege in 1644 .", "entity": [{"entity": "English Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1889 , borough engineer John Alexander Brodie invented the football goal net .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Alexander Brodie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mayor is Joe Anderson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The road running between the two cathedrals is called Hope Street , a coincidence which pleases believers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hope Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Built under the guidance of Jesse Hartley , it was considered to be one of the most advanced docks anywhere in the world upon completion and is often attributed with helping the city to become one of the most important ports in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jesse Hartley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chief conductor of the orchestra is Vasily Petrenko .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasily Petrenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also produces the soap opera \" Hollyoaks \" , which was formerly filmed in Chester and began on Channel 4 in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollyoaks", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Channel 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method is used in flame emission spectroscopy , and it was also the method used by Anders Jonas Ångström when he discovered the phenomenon of discrete emission lines in the 1850 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anders Jonas Ångström", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played his freshman season of collegiate soccer at Stetson University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stetson University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then transferred to Oregon State University , playing soccer there in 1998 and 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Gerry Gray in April 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerry Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He afterwards reformed the statutes of the University of Paris , issuing his decree on 1 June 1452 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finally returned to Rome on 3 January 1453 , where he passed almost all the rest of his life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was based on an actual event recounted to the poet by Pope 's friend , John Caryll .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Caryll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A verse translation by Jean-François Marmontel followed in 1746 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-François Marmontel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1798 edition , for example , illustrated by a variety of contemporary artists , is particularly noted now for Thomas Stothard 's watercolour in which fairies are pictured with wings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Stothard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Thomas Holloway 's print remains to suggest that critics might have been right in seeing in it more \" burlesque than sublimity \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Holloway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then coached the Los Angeles Lakers from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2005 to 2011 ; the team won five league titles under his leadership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Lakers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" three-peat \" was the first since the Boston Celtics won eight titles in a row from 1959 through 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Celtics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next day , the team talked with Mike D'Antoni and hired him in a unanimous decision by the front office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike D'Antoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until August 1945 the war against Japan in the Dutch East Indies was also a main objective of the cabinet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Dutch East Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was remade as the 1983 film of the same name , starring Al Pacino .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Pacino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Lee Mahin and Seton I. Miller rewrote the script for continuity and dialogue .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lee Mahin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Seton I. Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leader of this rival gang narrowly escapes the shooting , as did gang leader Bugs Moran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bugs Moran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Robert Warshow , the ending scene represents how the world is not ours , but not his either .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Warshow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930 s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alonzo Church", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lambda calculus was introduced by mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930 s as part of an investigation into the foundations of mathematics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alonzo Church", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks to Richard Montague and other linguists ' applications in the semantics of natural language , the lambda calculus has begun to enjoy a respectable place in both linguistics and computer science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Montague", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1970 s , Dana Scott showed that , if only continuous functions were considered , a set or domain \" D \" with the required property could be found , thus providing a model for the lambda calculus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dana Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Daddies \" is a brand of ketchup and brown sauce in the United Kingdom .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketchup", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "brown sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They eventually left the family mansion unoccupied , as they decided to live in adjoining condos in nearby Marina del Rey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marina del Rey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also drove around Los Angeles in their deceased mother 's Mercedes-Benz SL convertible , dined expensively , and went on overseas trips to the Caribbean and London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Mercedes-Benz SL", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their defense lawyer Leslie Abramson became known for her theory that the brothers were driven to murder by a lifetime of abuse at the hands of their parents , especially sexual abuse at the hands of their father , who was described as a cruel perfectionist and pedophile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leslie Abramson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "pedophile", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [262, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently married to violinist Monica Germino .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monica Germino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast included Joseph Schildkraut , Sara Haden , Felix Bressart , and William Tracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Schildkraut", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "Sara Haden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Felix Bressart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "William Tracy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Antonio Banderas and Rebecca Romijn-Stamos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antonio Banderas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Rebecca Romijn-Stamos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liszt saw them , offered encouragement and constructive criticism , and performed them some years later in Weimar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liszt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Weimar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , he was encouraged to begin work ( 1869 ) on a major choral work , \" Les Béatitudes \" , which was to occupy him for more than ten years , the delay partly due to the interruptions of the Franco-Prussian War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Les Béatitudes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "Franco-Prussian War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [201, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took his vacation as soon as he could in Nemours , where he hoped to work on the proposed organ pieces as well as some commissioned works for harmonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nemours", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also making their debuts were defender Mark Lawrenson and midfielder Craig Johnston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Lawrenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Craig Johnston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first clean sheet came a fortnight later at Anfield on 5 September , Arsenal were the visitors who were beaten by a 2 – 0 scoreline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anfield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This set them on their way in the league and dropped just seven of the 50 available points overhauling the points gap that Ipswich Town had opened on them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , in his next game , at home to Arsenal , he managed to keep a clean sheet despite the media frenzy that surrounded the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 11 % based on reviews from 80 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bids were received from Alleghany Corporation , Citibank , an employee buyout , Guilford Transportation Industries , Norfolk Southern Railway and a consortium headed by J. Willard Marriott .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alleghany Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 45]}, {"entity": "Citibank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Guilford Transportation Industries", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 114]}, {"entity": "Norfolk Southern Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 141]}, {"entity": "J. Willard Marriott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has set her sights on finding a gentle , bespectacled millionaire in Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was George Raft 's first \" A \" picture in a number of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Raft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 95 % based on 60 reviews , with an average rating of 9.02 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1991 stage production of this show in London featured Tommy Steele and retained the film 's title .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Tommy Steele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The version was aimed for a Broadway release in 2020 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co-created by Dick Wolf and Shaun Cassidy , the series starred Ice-T , Costas Mandylor , Frank John Hughes , and Mia Korf .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Wolf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Shaun Cassidy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Ice-T", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Costas Mandylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Frank John Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "Mia Korf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their lavish wedding ceremony was attended by some 65 guests , including Hollywood stars Ava Gardner , Cary Grant and Frank Sinatra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Ava Gardner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "Cary Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "Frank Sinatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother Garvin was also an infielder in the big leagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was moved to the starting rotation in and made his first start on April 3 against the Atlanta Braves , working six innings and picking up the win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also has history of hitting former teammate Mark Teixeira on June 6 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Teixeira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His best performance was a complete game shutout against the San Diego Padres on August 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a considerable deal of anticipation in Thimphu prior to the game , though the Bhutan Football Federation sought to play down the importance of victory , saying it was more important to focus on participation than winning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thimphu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Bhutan Football Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1969 ) starring Barbra Streisand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbra Streisand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he died in 1971 , it was not until the mid-1980 s that his true birth date , August 4 , 1901 , was discovered by Tad Jones by researching baptismal records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tad Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He met the six-foot tall drummer Black Benny , who became his guide and bodyguard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Benny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also made a cameo appearance as a vocalist , regularly stealing the show with his rendition of \" Ai n't Misbehavin ' \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ai n't Misbehavin '", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Great Depression of the early 1930 s was especially hard on the jazz scene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1960 s , he toured Ghana and Nigeria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" , a song by Jerry Herman , originally sung by Carol Channing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Herman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Carol Channing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of it , he was hospitalized for a heart attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred episodes are advantageous for stripped syndication because it allows for 20 weeks of weekday reruns ( depending on the number of episodes produced once the program debuts in syndication ) without repeating an episode , and such shows can be sold for higher per-episode pricing .", "entity": [{"entity": "weekday", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Chappelle 's Show \" entered syndication despite only producing 33 episodes , five of which were clip shows .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chappelle 's Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , \" Lost in Space \" ceased production in 1968 after 84 episodes because of declining ratings , but did well in syndication for a number of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lost in Space", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original \" Star Trek \" series had only 79 episodes available when its network run ended in 1969 , but after its considerable success in syndication , it spawned multiple feature films and more than six spin-off series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other examples include \" The Prisoner \" and \" Hondo \" , both successfully syndicated for more than 30 years despite having only 17 episodes produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Prisoner", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Hondo", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original 1978 series \" Battlestar Galactica \" and its spin-off \" Galactica 1980 \" produced a combined 34 episodes , yet it not only remains in syndication but it also led to a 2003 reimagining that lasted for 75 episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Battlestar Galactica", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "Galactica 1980", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extreme example of a show renewed primarily for syndication purposes was \" ' Til Death \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "' Til Death", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" December Bride \" was an early example : highly rated during its original broadcast run , it bombed in syndication .", "entity": [{"entity": "December Bride", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another successful first-run show to fare poorly in syndication is \" Night Court \" ( 193 episodes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Night Court", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also cases , such as \" Mad About You \" ( 164 episodes ) and \" Murphy Brown \" ( 247 episodes plus an additional 13 produced in 2018 ) , where a series was expected to do well in syndication but ended up with disappointing ratings and revenue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mad About You", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Murphy Brown", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such was the case with \" 8 Simple Rules \" , a sitcom that lasted three seasons and 76 episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 Simple Rules", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The practice of rerunning some of the most popular game shows in syndication was rare , but not unheard of , in the 1970 s and 1980 s ; \" Gambit \" was rerun in 1978 and \" Match Game \" was rerun in syndication in 1985 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gambit", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "Match Game", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was noted in a study that when the animated series \" Robotech \" aired in 1985 , daily strip syndication for a series for children required 65 episodes at minimum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robotech", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" American Idol Rewind \" , which repackaged the first five seasons of the popular reality contest \" American Idol \" , ran for four seasons in syndication , with one of the five seasons being compressed into three half-hour episodes because of problems securing rights to the music for that season .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Idol Rewind", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the basin forms slowly , as in the northern Appalachians , it fills with shallow-water sediments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Appalachians", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His essentially conservative musical tastes set him apart from more adventurous musical contemporaries such as Franz Liszt , Richard Wagner , Charles-Valentin Alkan and Hector Berlioz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franz Liszt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Richard Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "Charles-Valentin Alkan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 164]}, {"entity": "Hector Berlioz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These years proved to be the germination for some of his most famous works , including the \" Hebrides Overture \" and the \" Scottish \" and \" Italian \" symphonies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebrides Overture", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy ( 1841 – 1880 ) was a noted chemist and pioneered the manufacture of aniline dye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first winner of the scholarship , in 1856 , was Arthur Sullivan , then aged 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The libretto was eventually set by Fromental Halévy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fromental Halévy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In 1851 an adulatory novel by the teenaged Elizabeth Sara Sheppard was published , \" Charles Auchester \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Sara Sheppard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 68]}, {"entity": "Charles Auchester", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and parts of Malaysia were covered with of ash fall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ice cores from Greenland record a pulse of starkly reduced levels of organic carbon sequestration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some parts of the caldera have shown uplift due to partial refilling of the magma chamber , for example , pushing Samosir Island and the Uluan Peninsula above the surface of the lake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samosir Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Uluan Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theorem is due to Dmitry Mirimanoff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dmitry Mirimanoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They may be administered to those awaiting execution , mortally injured , or terminally ill .", "entity": [{"entity": "terminally ill", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars the popular on-screen pair of Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in their fourth film together , along with Rani Mukerji .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shah Rukh Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Kajol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Rani Mukerji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also marks the film debut of Sana Saeed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sana Saeed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were signed by producer and his father Yash Johar in early 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yash Johar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role was written with Twinkle Khanna in mind , but she turned it down .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twinkle Khanna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in several picturesque locations in Scotland , including Eilean Donan , Glen Coe , Loch Lomond and Tantallon Castle with the nearby Bass Rock as a backdrop in one scene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Eilean Donan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "Glen Coe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Loch Lomond", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "Tantallon Castle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "Bass Rock", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first collaboration of the duo with Karan Johar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karan Johar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 it was voted as the most popular film song of the previous decade by NDTV .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDTV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the film was still untitled , Javed Akhtar was signed to write the lyrics , and even wrote and recorded one song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Javed Akhtar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 9 , 1965 , the Appalachian Regional Commission was created to further alleviate poverty in the region , mainly by diversifying the region 's economy and helping to provide better health care and educational opportunities to the region 's inhabitants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Appalachian Regional Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "29 in North Carolina , 52 in Tennessee , 6 in South Carolina , 37 in Georgia , 37 in Alabama , and 24 in Mississippi .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Carolina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "South Carolina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Alabama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More distant cities like Detroit and Chicago attracted migrants from many states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American chestnut was also an important human food source until the chestnut blight struck in the 20th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "American chestnut", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "chestnut blight", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coal mining has made a comeback in some regions in the early 21st century because of the increased prominence of Consol Energy , based in Pittsburgh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Consol Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the nation 's most visited national parkway ( the Blue Ridge Parkway ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blue Ridge Parkway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important theme parks include Dollywood and Ghost Town Village , both on the periphery of the Great Smoky Mountains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Ghost Town Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "Great Smoky Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program was created by former CBS News president Howard Stringer .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Howard Stringer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1940 film of the same name made the title character , played by Sabu , a sidekick for a handsome prince rather than the leading man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sabu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The southernmost extent of the refuge is in northern Santa Clara County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Clara County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She starred in \" The Mo'Nique Show \" , her own late-night talk show .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Mo'Nique Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She voiced a character in \" Garfield : The Movie \" , but her role was cut from the movie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garfield : The Movie", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was featured in soul singer Anthony Hamilton 's video \" Sista Big Bones \" , the second single from his album \" Ai n't Nobody Worryin ' \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "Sista Big Bones", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Ai n't Nobody Worryin '", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [115, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final out of the game was a fly ball caught by Rick Manning in short center field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rick Manning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its first location was three cramped rooms in City Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "City Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these locations were funded by Andrew Carnegie , who donated US $ 1.5 million to the library in 1903 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Carnegie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He explained that this mouthing of words ( or \" mee-mawing \" ) was a habit of Lancashire millworkers trying to communicate over the loud noise of looms , then resorted to in daily life for indelicate subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lancashire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While waiting for the results with his wife , he suffered a major heart attack and died .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A popular artist was Zehava Ben .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zehava Ben", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One could have Umm Kulthum and a neighbor who is an emerging singer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Umm Kulthum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The episodes were narrated by Tim Pigott-Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Pigott-Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She currently resides in Secunderabad in Andhra Pradesh , India .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secunderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Andhra Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in Ernst Mach 's phenomenalism , whereby the mind knows only actual or potential sensory experience , verificationists took all sciences ' basic content to be only sensory experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst Mach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Via Bertrand Russell 's logicism , reducing mathematics to logic , physics ' mathematical formulas would be converted to symbolic logic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertrand Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receiving support from Ernest Nagel , logical empiricists were especially influential in the social sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernest Nagel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the Humean empiricist view that humans observe sequences of events , ( not cause and effect , as causality and causal mechanisms are unobservable ) , the DN model neglects causality beyond mere constant conjunction , first event \" A \" and then always event \" B \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Humean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Georg Henrik von Wright , another critic , named it \" subsumption theory \" , fitting the ambition of theory reduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georg Henrik von Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After World War II , key tenets of logical positivism , including its atomistic philosophy of science , the verifiability principle , and the fact / value gap , drew escalated criticism .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1966 , he set the all-time league record with 391 , the previous record being Billy Shindle 's 382 in 1892 ; his total was 99 higher than that of league runner-up Ken Boyer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Shindle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Ken Boyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With one out , Paul Popovich hit a single and moved up to second base after another single by Billy Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Popovich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Billy Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also worked with Harry Caray , Thom Brennaman , Steve Stone and Bob Brenly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Caray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Thom Brennaman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Steve Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Bob Brenly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After receiving 13 percent of the vote in the 1985 election , his vote totals increased in 10 of the next 13 years until he received 43 percent of the vote in his final year on the ballot , finishing third in the voting behind electee Don Sutton and 2000 inductee Tony Pérez .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Sutton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [235, 245]}, {"entity": "Tony Pérez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [264, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was knighted by King Edward VII in 1909 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward VII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was done around the same time as Hendrik Lorentz ( 1899 , 1904 ) and five years before Albert Einstein ( 1905 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's soundtrack and score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ilaiyaraaja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The car was sold to her by a member of Jim Harrick 's family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Harrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay was written by Alec Coppel and Samuel A. Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alec Coppel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Samuel A. Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second version , written by Alec Coppel , again left the director dissatisfied .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alec Coppel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score was written by Bernard Herrmann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernard Herrmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1996 , the film was given a lengthy and controversial restoration by Robert A. Harris and James C. Katz and re-released to theaters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert A. Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "James C. Katz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No professional or medical services were available and residents were driving to Berwick-upon-Tweed for groceries and other supplies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berwick-upon-Tweed", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The saint 's shrine was the major pilgrimage centre for much of the region until its despoliation by Henry VIII 's commissioners in 1539 or 1540 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry VIII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main body of the raiders passed north around Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ruined monastery is in the care of English Heritage , which also runs a museum / visitor centre nearby .", "entity": [{"entity": "English Heritage", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most celebrated gardeners of modern times , Gertrude Jekyll ( 1843 – 1932 ) , laid out a tiny garden just north of the castle in 1911 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gertrude Jekyll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played or recorded with Cannonball Adderley , Stanley Turrentine , Bobby Hutcherson , Freddie Hubbard , Harold Land , Jackie McLean , Archie Shepp , and McCoy Tyner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannonball Adderley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "Stanley Turrentine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Bobby Hutcherson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Freddie Hubbard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "Harold Land", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "Jackie McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "Archie Shepp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "McCoy Tyner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Poranthera \" is a genus of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1811 .", "entity": [{"entity": "flowering plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "Phyllanthaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its closest relative is \" Pseudophyllanthus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pseudophyllanthus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Poranthera \" is native to Australia and New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be seen systematically using a construction known as the \" magic square \" , due to Hans Freudenthal and Jacques Tits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Freudenthal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "Jacques Tits", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was born in Pärnu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pärnu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On October 28 , 1973 he fired in a career-high 49 points against the Portland Trail Blazers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portland Trail Blazers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would later become famous for his work in computer graphics and for starting up Evans & Sutherland with Ivan Sutherland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evans & Sutherland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "Ivan Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His songs have been covered by Judy Garland , Frank Sinatra , Celine Dion and Aretha Franklin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Garland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Frank Sinatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Celine Dion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Aretha Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It commemorates the American Civil War Battle of Antietam that occurred on September 17 , 1862 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Battle of Antietam", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 26-minute orientation film narrated by James Earl Jones is shown on the hour and the half-hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Earl Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1972 , Indira Gandhi recruited him to the Indian National Congress along with merging the Bangla Congress into the party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indira Gandhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Indian National Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 69]}, {"entity": "Bangla Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a member of the Congress Working Committee on 27 January 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congress Working Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His death came after the attending hospital confirmed that his health had deteriorated early that day , stating that he had been in septic shock since a day earlier , which was caused by his lung infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "septic shock", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even when existing terms are adopted - for example , the theory of surplus value , which combines David Ricardo 's concepts of rent , profit , and interest - their meaning and relation to other concepts in the theory is significantly different .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Ricardo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" This influence continues to guide some of today 's most significant and provocative philosophical work , as many of these same students became eminent intellectuals in the 1960 s , 1970 s , 1980 s and 1990 s : Alain Badiou , Étienne Balibar and Jacques Rancière in philosophy , Pierre Macherey in literary criticism and Nicos Poulantzas in sociology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alain Badiou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 224]}, {"entity": "Étienne Balibar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [227, 242]}, {"entity": "Jacques Rancière", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [247, 263]}, {"entity": "Pierre Macherey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [280, 295]}, {"entity": "Nicos Poulantzas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [322, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is employed with the Indian Oil Corporation as an officer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Oil Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he made a first round exit in the men 's individual event losing to Adrian Crișan of Romania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrian Crișan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was even designated special instructor in physical culture to King George V , who had followed his teachings , in 1911 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George V", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other natural features include multiple peaks , high mountain meadows , swift-flowing rivers , and some of the world 's largest stands of giant sequoia trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant sequoia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combined Pacific Crest Trail / John Muir Trail , a backpacking route , traverses the entire length of the park from north to south .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Crest Trail", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "John Muir Trail", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Huge tectonic forces along the western edge of the Great Basin forced the local crustal block to tilt and uplift , creating the mountains ' gradual slope to the west and the nearly vertical escarpment to the east bordering the Owens Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Basin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Owens Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [227, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crabtree , in 1978 , had previously suggested that Cu ( I ) is \" the most likely candidate for a metallo-receptor site in olfaction \" for strong-smelling volatiles which are also good metal-coordinating ligands , such as thiols .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crabtree", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large study on people 65 years old or older , linked the development of Alzheimer 's disease and other forms of dementia to the use of chlorphenamine and other first-generation antihistamines , due to their anticholinergic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [74, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in the sixth inning in a 13 – 3 loss , giving up four runs , including a home run to Frank Robinson in one inning of work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The geological term was introduced by Berend George Escher in 1922 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berend George Escher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since mid-June 1991 , when violent eruptions triggered Mount Pinatubo 's first lahars in 500 years , a system to monitor and warn of lahars has been in operation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Pinatubo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Footage and photographs of Omayra Sánchez , a young victim of the tragedy , were published around the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Omayra Sánchez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tarlac River in Tarlac City was inundated by over of lahar , causing the river to lose the ability to hold water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tarlac River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Tarlac City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was an all-around athlete in high school , averaging 29 points a game in basketball and excelling enough as a left-handed pitcher in baseball to receive minor-league contract offers from the Houston Astros and New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [194, 208]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , only Terry Bradshaw in 147 games , Joe Montana in 139 games , and Tom Brady in 131 games have reached 100 wins more quickly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Bradshaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Joe Montana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Tom Brady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed a contract to play for the Birmingham Americans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birmingham Americans", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Billy Yule , the younger and high-school-age brother of bassist Doug Yule , filled in the role of drummer for live performances and some of the songs on the album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Yule", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Doug Yule", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took over as regular goalkeeper when Colin McDonald suffered a broken leg in March 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colin McDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in the normal ECG pattern occur in numerous cardiac abnormalities , including cardiac rhythm disturbances ( such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ) , inadequate coronary artery blood flow ( such as myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction ) , and electrolyte disturbances ( such as hypokalemia and hyperkalemia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [124, 143]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [148, 171]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [248, 269]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [313, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening may also be considered in adolescents as part of a sports physical out of concern for sudden cardiac death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Right-sided \" precordial leads may be used to better study pathology of the right ventricle or for dextrocardia ( and are denoted with an R ( e.g. , V ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dextrocardia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An esophageal lead avails for a more accurate differentiation between certain cardiac arrhythmias , particularly atrial flutter , AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial flutter", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ECG does not equate with mechanical pumping activity of the heart , for example , pulseless electrical activity produces an ECG that should pump blood but no pulses are felt ( and constitutes a medical emergency and CPR should be performed ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulseless electrical activity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [85, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , an \" irregularly irregular \" QRS complex without P waves is the hallmark of atrial fibrillation ; however , other findings can be present as well , such as a bundle branch block that alters the shape of the QRS complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "bundle branch block", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [172, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music is by Anu Malik and the lyrics are by Majrooh Sultanpuri .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anu Malik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Majrooh Sultanpuri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Frank Moore Cross , these inscriptions consisted of alphabetic signs that originated during the transitional development from pictographic script to a linear alphabet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Moore Cross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2015 World Bank and the International Center for Research on Women review of academic literature would conclude that child marriage , which predominantly impacts girls , tends to reduce literacy levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "International Center for Research on Women", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Korotayev and coauthors have revealed a rather significant correlation between the level of literacy in the early 19th century and successful modernization and economic breakthroughs in the late 20th century , as \" literate people could be characterized by a greater innovative-activity level , which provides opportunities for modernization , development , and economic growth \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korotayev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efforts to increase adult literacy often encompass other development priorities as well ; for example , initiatives in Ethiopia , Morocco , and India have combined adult literacy programs with vocational skills trainings in order to encourage enrollment and address the complex needs of women and other marginalized groups who lack economic opportunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethiopia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "Morocco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formal higher education in the arts and sciences in Wales , from the Middle Ages to the 18th century , was the preserve of the wealthy and the clergy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exception to this rule were the men and women of Iceland who achieved widespread literacy without formal schooling , libraries , or printed books via informal tuition by religious leaders and peasant teachers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iceland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But censuses ( dating back to 1666 ) and official records of New France offer few clues of their own on the population 's levels of literacy , therefore leaving few options in terms of materials from which to draw literary rate estimates .", "entity": [{"entity": "New France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compulsory attendance in schools was legislated in the late 19th century in all provinces but Quebec , but by then , a change in parental attitudes towards educating the new generation meant that many children were already attending regularly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last 40 years , the rate of illiteracy in Mexico has been steadily decreasing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since democracy returned to Brazil , however , there has been a steady increase in the percentage of literate people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The literacy rate in Kenya among people below 20 years of age is over 70 % , as the first 8 years of primary school are provided tuition-free by the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free education in Mauritius did n't proceed beyond the primary level until 1976 , so many women now in their 50 s or older left school at age 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no reliable data on the nationwide literacy rate in Somalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Somalia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Afghanistan has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world at 28.1 % with males having a literacy rate of 43.1 % and females with a literacy rate of 12.6 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data of the survey shows that in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , primary school survival rate is 67 percent which is lower than the national average of 70 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is operated by The Trustees of Reservations .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Trustees of Reservations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A personification of death , she is associated with healing , protection , and safe delivery to the afterlife by her devotees .", "entity": [{"entity": "afterlife", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other sources state that the revival has its origins around 1965 in the state of Hidalgo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hidalgo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Across the island of Crete , to the opposite shore of it begins the Libyan Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crete", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Libyan Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the latter two species were named only from toe bones that have since been identified as belonging to an ungulate mammal and a crocodilian , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ungulate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The noted architect Paul Rudolph was commissioned in 1958 to produce a new campus master plan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Rudolph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is based on a 1965 novel by Bohumil Hrabal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bohumil Hrabal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a distant cousin of the western star Neal Hart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neal Hart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The public became attracted by a new kind of movie cowboy , epitomized by Tom Mix , who wore flashier costumes and was involved in more action scenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Mix", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a \" feeling , favorable or unfavorable , toward a person or thing , prior to , or not based on , actual experience \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gordon Allport", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Auestad ( 2015 ) defines prejudice as characterized by ' symbolic transfer ' , transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially formed category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category , resistance to change , and overgeneralization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auestad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discrimination may also extend to other high functioning individuals carrying pathological phenotypes , such as those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar spectrum disorders", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [168, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , there are six conditions that must be met to reduce prejudice , as were cultivated in Elliot Aronson 's \" jigsaw \" teaching technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elliot Aronson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This composition is known from many copies , including an ambitious engraving by Cornelis Bos , c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cornelis Bos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also from that era were sculptures of the theme by Antonin Mercié and Max Klinger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antonin Mercié", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Max Klinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining psychological realism with a mystic vision , it describes the swan 's rape of Leda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leda", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice .", "entity": [{"entity": "some types", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "liquorice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic acidifying agent in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis , in oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis , to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkalosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maize , mixed beans , rice , sorghum , soya beans , sunflower , sweet potatoes and wheat are the major crops in the provinces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "sorghum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "soya beans", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "sunflower", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "sweet potatoes", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned 36 punts for 232 yards , and returned 38 kickoffs for 885 yards and one touchdown ( a 98-yard return against the San Francisco 49ers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco 49ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his absence , Patrick Crayton returned two punts for touchdowns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Crayton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series ran for four seasons ( the final season airing on Fox ) , lasting from September 9 , 1989 to December 6 , 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars James van der Beek , Shannyn Sossamon , Ian Somerhalder , Jessica Biel , Kate Bosworth , and Kip Pardue .", "entity": [{"entity": "James van der Beek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 27]}, {"entity": "Shannyn Sossamon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "Ian Somerhalder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Jessica Biel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Kate Bosworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Kip Pardue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received mixed reviews and has a 43 % approval rating based on 140 votes on Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was one of the first studio motion pictures to be edited using Final Cut Pro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Final Cut Pro", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Avary , the film 's director , became a spokesperson for FCP , appearing in print ads worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Avary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple versions of the film exist , as cuts were made so it could receive less restrictive ratings in the U.S. and other areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He often comments on the attractiveness of each actress , begs Eric Stoltz for work every time he is on screen , and even occasionally sings along with the songs in the film , all the while making a number of self-deprecating jokes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric Stoltz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role subsequently went to Angie Dickinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angie Dickinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a romantic relationship with Ingmar Bergman ( 1965 – 1970 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingmar Bergman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer Linn Ullmann ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linn Ullmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father and older brothers , Wayne and Byron Black , were all professional tennis players themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wayne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Byron Black", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black has also engaged in long-term partnerships with Irina Selyutina , Elena Likhovtseva , Rennae Stubbs , Liezel Huber , and most recently Sania Mirza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irina Selyutina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "Elena Likhovtseva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Rennae Stubbs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Liezel Huber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Sania Mirza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team ended the year as the number one team , winning the year-end championships over Katarina Srebotnik and Ai Sugiyama 5 – 7 , 6 – 3 , [ 10 – 8 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katarina Srebotnik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 107]}, {"entity": "Ai Sugiyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , she and Leander Paes won the mixed doubles in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leander Paes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pair won the title in Traralgon , defeating Ashleigh Barty and Sally Peers in the final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Traralgon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Ashleigh Barty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "Sally Peers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is closely related and ecologically similar to the zebra mussel , \" Dreissena polymorpha \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "zebra mussel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The native range for this species is Central and South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rise of civilization was assisted by the local ecology of well-watered alluvial soil , as well as by the transportation network provided by the Coatzacoalcos river basin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coatzacoalcos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This environment may be compared to that of other ancient centers of civilization : the Nile , Indus , and Yellow River valleys and Mesopotamia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Indus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Yellow River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Mesopotamia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fruit trees , such as avocado or cacao , were probably available nearby .", "entity": [{"entity": "avocado", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "cacao", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fields were located outside the village , and were used for maize , beans , squash , cassava , and sweet potato .", "entity": [{"entity": "cassava", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Birds were available as food sources , as were game including peccary , opossum , raccoon , rabbit , and in particular , deer .", "entity": [{"entity": "peccary", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "opossum", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "raccoon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The juice of a local vine , \" Ipomoea alba , \" was then mixed with this latex to create rubber as early as 1600 \" BCE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ipomoea alba", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the leading crowd of the 1941 college football season , his 1939&ndash ; 40 basketball team drew a record crowd when visiting Madison Square Garden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tidal creeks also support populations of the northern diamondback terrapin , which is listed by the federal government as a species of special concern .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamondback terrapin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The settlement was located about 15 miles ( 24 \" km ) upstream from the mouth near present-day Lower Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lower Bank", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and were named twelfth in a \" Radio Times \" list of the most powerful people in television comedy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radio Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He describes himself as a worrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "worrier", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film holds a 33 % approval rating at review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 9 reviews , with an average score of 4.6 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The play was written by William C. deMille , whose brother , Cecil , appeared in the cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "William C. deMille", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "Cecil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many other film companies wintered on the West Coast , escaping the weak light and short days that hampered winter shooting in the East .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five days later she spoke on Wall Street to an estimated 50,000 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1887 the line was leased by the New York , New Haven and Hartford Railroad , and became wholly owned by 1906 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York , New Haven and Hartford Railroad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myrtales is dated to have begun 89 – 99 million years ago ( mya ) in Australasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was drawn towards the socialist ideology guided by leaders like P. Krishna Pillai .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. Krishna Pillai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Monty Woolley , Roddy McDowall and Anne Baxter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monty Woolley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Roddy McDowall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Anne Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was adapted by Nunnally Johnson from the novel of the same name by Nevil Shute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nunnally Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Nevil Shute", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Irving Pichel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irving Pichel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay was by Samson Raphaelson based on the play \" Birthday \" by .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samson Raphaelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Gene Tierney , Don Ameche , and Charles Coburn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Tierney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Don Ameche", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Charles Coburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast includes Marjorie Main , Laird Cregar , Spring Byington , Allyn Joslyn , Eugene Pallette , Signe Hasso , Louis Calhern , Tod Andrews , and Clara Blandick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marjorie Main", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Laird Cregar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Spring Byington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Allyn Joslyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Eugene Pallette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "Signe Hasso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Louis Calhern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Tod Andrews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "Clara Blandick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After running postmortem tests and ultrasound , the researchers believed that the fetus suffered from hypochondrogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypochondrogenesis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hired Joseph Napolitan , the first self-described political consultant , in late 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Napolitan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likely presidential nominee George McGovern was in fact considering the unusual move of naming three or four acceptable vice-presidential candidates and letting the delegates choose .", "entity": [{"entity": "George McGovern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These conferences now also include representatives from Russia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" An exploratory committee was formed , with filing a statement of organization with the Federal Election Commission on that same day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Election Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irene Dunne liked the material but felt the role was too small , and Margaret Sullavan expressed no interest whatsoever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irene Dunne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Margaret Sullavan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edna Best , Rosemary DeCamp , and Helen Hayes also were considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edna Best", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Rosemary DeCamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Helen Hayes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" conсessioners \" find the chairs , which are to be sold at auction in Moscow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1945 ) starring Fred Allen is very loosely based on the novel , using just five chairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1915 the series was bound into a volume and re-titled \" Spoon River Anthology \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spoon River Anthology", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [59, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anime has been re-licensed by Discotek Media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Discotek Media", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received a C rating by the Computer Entertainment Rating Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Computer Entertainment Rating Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keeping one end tight while Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee attacked the opposition with pace from the other , he only managed 32 wickets in his last 15 Tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Thomson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Dennis Lillee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the end of his career approached , he was plagued by arthritis , leading to a lower bowling action which curtailed his effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was there that he was able to watch shows by the likes of Patti Smith and spoken-word performances by William S. Burroughs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patti Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "William S. Burroughs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each band member took turns playing the drums , until they met drummer Richard Edson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Edson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother , Gregg , was born on December 8 , 1947 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gregg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period two of his stated influences were Miles Davis and John Coltrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miles Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "John Coltrane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Record producer Jerry Wexler gave the eulogy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Wexler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terms of the contract were unknown , but general manager Peter Vermes stated that the seasoned veteran would be \" a very nice addition to the back line this season \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Vermes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SPARQL allows users to write queries against what can loosely be called \" key-value \" data or , more specifically , data that follow the RDF specification of the W3C .", "entity": [{"entity": "W3C", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was honored with a state funeral in Minsk , which was attended by the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania Petras Griškevičius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Communist Party of Lithuania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 124]}, {"entity": "Petras Griškevičius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also features Tia Carrere , Rob Lowe , Lara Flynn Boyle , Brian Doyle-Murray , Chris Farley , Ed O'Neill , Ione Skye , Meat Loaf and Alice Cooper in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tia Carrere", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Rob Lowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Lara Flynn Boyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "Brian Doyle-Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "Chris Farley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Ed O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Ione Skye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "Meat Loaf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "Alice Cooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original car from the film was sold and appeared in a 2015 episode of \" Pawn Stars \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pawn Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , their roles were reversed after the death of their parents due to influenza , when both children moved to Los Angeles to live with an aunt .", "entity": [{"entity": "influenza", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "by Henry Farrell and the 1962 theatrical film of the same name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Farrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her tireless efforts for the temperance cause included a 50-day speaking tour in 1874 , an average of 30,000 miles of travel a year , and an average of 400 lectures a year for a 10-year period , mostly with the assistance of her personal secretary , Anna Adams Gordon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna Adams Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [250, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her statue was designed by Helen Farnsworth Mears and was unveiled in 1905 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helen Farnsworth Mears", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cast of previous instalments returned for the film , with the additions of Gary Oldman , David Thewlis , and Emma Thompson , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Oldman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "David Thewlis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Emma Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director of photography Michael Seresin considered the story much darker compared to its two predecessors , so he employed \" moody [ lightning ] , with more shadows \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Seresin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hired master puppeteer Basil Twist and experimented with underwater puppets to figure out the movements of dementors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Basil Twist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 90 % based on 258 reviews , with an average rating of 7.85 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His great-uncle , Ivan Mauger , is a former six time Speedway World Champion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan Mauger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Speedway World Champion", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as president of the Geological Society of America in 1911 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geological Society of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was selected by the Los Angeles Kings with the seventh overall pick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed a contract with the Calgary Flames on July 2 , 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary Flames", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before ligament injuries in both ankles forced her to withdraw temporarily from professional tennis in early 2003 , at the age of 22 , she had won 40 singles titles and 36 doubles titles and , according to \" Forbes \" , was the highest-paid female athlete in the world for five consecutive years , 1997 to 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Forbes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [208, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the Wimbledon Championships , she reached the quarterfinals with partner Bruno Soares in mixed doubles , where they lost to Daniel Nestor and Kristina Mladenovic in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wimbledon Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 30]}, {"entity": "Bruno Soares", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Daniel Nestor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Kristina Mladenovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She lost her second singles rubber too , defeated by Urszula Radwańska in three sets , having been a set and a double break up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urszula Radwańska", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they suffered a shock as the unseeded Vania King / Alla Kudryavtseva defeated them in straight sets , 7 – 6 ( 7 ) , 6 – 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vania King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Alla Kudryavtseva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pair lost in the first round to Gabriela Dabrowski and Michaëlla Krajicek .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabriela Dabrowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "Michaëlla Krajicek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As top seeds they reached the final without losing a set , before defeating defending champions Heather Watson and Henri Kontinen in the championship match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heather Watson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Henri Kontinen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was sponsored by Adidas from 1999 until 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adidas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is sponsored by Yonex for racquets and shoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yonex", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She dated former tennis players Ivo Heuberger , Justin Gimelstob , and Julián Alonso .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivo Heuberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Justin Gimelstob", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Julián Alonso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species overwinters as a larva .", "entity": [{"entity": "larva", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then switched clubs and changed to the 800 \" m like her new club mate , Christine Wachtel , who would also become her closest rival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christine Wachtel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was released in 1992 and was co-directed by Cameron Crowe and Josh Taft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cameron Crowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Josh Taft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "for its appearance on \" MTV Unplugged \" in 1996 , and the song was included on the \" Unplugged \" live album and home video release .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTV Unplugged", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Unplugged", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dick Van Dyke , David Tomlinson , and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Van Dyke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "David Tomlinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "Glynis Johns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's music features music and lyrics by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard M. Sherman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Robert B. Sherman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irwin Kostal arranged and conducted the film 's score .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irwin Kostal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series appeared in 1999 as a segment on TV Asahi 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Asahi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jena Malone stars in her debut as a poor , physically abused and sexually molested girl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jena Malone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 the theatrical and video releases of the film were banned by Canada 's Maritime Film Classification Board .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Maritime Film Classification Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He rejoined his first club , Corby Town in May 2010 , before signing for Alfreton Town in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corby Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Alfreton Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774 , which he did by reducing the dioxide with carbon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johan Gottlieb Gahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steel with 12 % manganese was discovered in 1882 by Robert Hadfield and is still known as Hadfield steel ( mangalloy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Hadfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excessive exposure or intake may lead to a condition known as manganism , a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dopaminergic neuronal death and symptoms similar to Parkinson 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [167, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to results from a 2010 study , higher levels of exposure to manganese in drinking water are associated with increased intellectual impairment and reduced intelligence quotients in school-age children .", "entity": [{"entity": "drinking water", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early neurological symptoms give way to late-stage manganism , which resembles Parkinson 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [79, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike Parkinson 's disease , manganism is not associated with loss of the sense of smell and patients are typically unresponsive to treatment with L-DOPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [7, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the author of the bestselling novel \" Memoirs of a Geisha \" ( 1997 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Memoirs of a Geisha", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also a supporter of the feminist movement , corresponding with Josephine Butler , and visiting Elizabeth Garrett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josephine Butler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Garrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later became Canon of Westminster Abbey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , she suggested that he might be ill , and when checked , he was found to be suffering from tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The footman was therefore sent to New Zealand to recover .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On another occasion , when she visited Bermuda , she was invited to a reception and chose to walk rather than be driven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following a simple funeral , owing to the war , her remains were cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 8 December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golders Green Crematorium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This one also featured Billy Preston , Randy Bachman , and Mark Farner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Preston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Randy Bachman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Mark Farner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Clark County medical examiner determined that his death was due to a heart attack induced by a cocaine overdose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clark County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Pseudolachnostylis \" is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1899 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phyllanthaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains only one known species , \" Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia \" native to central and southern Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from Loyola University Chicago in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Loyola University Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was criticised for these actions even at the time , most notably by Joseph Ritson , a fellow antiquary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Ritson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made substantial amendments to the Folio text in collaboration with his friend the poet William Shenstone .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Shenstone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only would it inspire poets such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth to compose their own ballads in imitation , it also made the collecting and study of ballads a popular pastime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "William Wordsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was another month before he appeared in the first team , coming on as a late substitute in a home game with Blackpool in mid-January , before being recalled to the starting line-up the following week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to the starting eleven in mid-March at table-topping Luton Town , and missed just two more matches toward the end of the season with a cyst on the back of his knee , before returning in an unfamiliar central defensive role for the final game of the campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luton Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "cyst", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No sooner as he declared that he was feeling the best he had for a long time during the build-up , a sprained ankle picked up in a friendly at Aylesbury United forced him to miss the opening four matches of the season - and his campaign started as a second-half substitute in a 4 – 2 victory over Yeovil Town at the end of August .", "entity": [{"entity": "sprained ankle", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Aylesbury United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Yeovil Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [297, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Romantics , such as Stendhal , criticized the old styles as overly formulaic and devoid of any feeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stendhal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were also a few artists with a literary background , among them Robert Motherwell and Barnett Newman who functioned as critics as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Motherwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Barnett Newman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group was affiliated with the Industrial Areas Foundation , headed by Saul Alinsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Industrial Areas Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "Saul Alinsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women like Helen Chávez were important in responsibilities such as credit union bookkeeping and behind the scenes advising .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helen Chávez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His pay was room and board , $ 5.00 a week plus all of the menudo he could eat .", "entity": [{"entity": "menudo", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The union was poised to launch its next major campaign in the lettuce fields in 1970 when a deal between the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the growers nearly destroyed it .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Brotherhood of Teamsters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is of interest as the highest elevation woody plant known , reported growing as high as 5200 m in southern Tibet ; the lowest limit being 2600 m .", "entity": [{"entity": "woody plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Tibet", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a shrub growing to 50 – 200 \" cm tall , with largely horizontal branching .", "entity": [{"entity": "shrub", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patty Hearst , Suzanne Somers , Joan Rivers , Traci Lords , and Brigid Berlin make cameo appearances in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patty Hearst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Suzanne Somers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Traci Lords", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Brigid Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its gambling industry is seven times larger than that of Las Vegas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its GDP per capita by purchasing power parity is one of the highest in the world and higher than any country in the world in 2014 according to the World Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at the height of the Cultural Revolution , residents dissatisfied with the colonial administration rioted in the 1966 12 - 3 incident , in which 8 people were killed and over 200 were injured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The territory consists of Macau Peninsula , Taipa , and Coloane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macau Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Taipa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Coloane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A parcel of land in neighbouring Hengqin island that hosts the University of Macau also falls under the regional government 's jurisdiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hengqin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "University of Macau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first part of the season , he initially served as the club 's captain , and played 19 games , scoring a total eight goals ; however , on 5 February , ahead of the team 's away fixture against Ancona , he was ultimately left out of the first team after leaving a training session early , and was subsequently featured intermittently throughout the second half of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ancona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [203, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 August 2010 , it was announced that he had been loaned to Napoli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Napoli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2018 he was appointed new coach of Catania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 22 October 2019 , he was hired by Catania once again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He , along with general director Jorge Valdano and sporting director Miguel Pardeza , were to be the key decisionmakers on the sporting side of the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge Valdano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Miguel Pardeza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some proceeds were given to UNICEF .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karim is important for the team , not just for his goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Casemiro gives a lot of balance , but not only that .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casemiro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spider family \" Liphistiidae \" , recognized by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869 , comprises 8 genera and about 100 species of medium-sized spiders from Southeast Asia , China , and Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tamerlan Thorell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 162]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past , they were frequently believed to lack venom , but in 2010 it was shown that at least \" Liphistius \" species have venom glands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liphistius", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most well known is \" Liphistius batuensis \" , which is found in Batu Caves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liphistius batuensis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "Batu Caves", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , he considers Lenin as having been an event-making man , because of his having acted in an important circumstance to change the developmental direction not only of Russia but also of the whole world in the 20th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 , he was named All-Conference in C-USA while playing for the Memphis Tigers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Memphis Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bert Sutherland was his elder brother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bert Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His elder brother , Bert Sutherland , was also a computer science researcher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bert Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The race was prevented from being run by the Spanish Civil War and World War II in the early years of its existence ; however , the race has been held annually since 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first editions of the 2000 s were marked by the dominance of Roberto Heras , who achieved victory on three occasions , and in 2005 did it for the fourth time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Heras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Vincenzo Nibali won in 2010 he was unable to defend his title in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincenzo Nibali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surprise winner of the race that year was Juan José Cobo who took a narrow 13 second win over Chris Froome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan José Cobo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Chris Froome", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The race was also notable for Tony Martin 's all-day solo break on stage 6 , when he broke away at the start and led for nearly the entire stage before being caught 20 metres from the finish line , placing seventh behind stage winner Michael Mørkøv .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Michael Mørkøv", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nairo Quintana won the 2016 edition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nairo Quintana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2017 edition was won by Chris Froome , making it his second overall victory with the awarding of the 2011 title .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Froome", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fourth start abroad is planned for the 2020 edition , which is to begin in Utrecht .", "entity": [{"entity": "Utrecht", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Front row : Janet Jackson , 1977 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janet Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strongest bears apparently came from Caledonia and Dalmatia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "Dalmatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , as its habitat increasingly diminished , the portion of meat in its diet decreased with it until by the late Middle Ages , meat consisted of only 40 % of its dietary intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a population in Scandinavia that includes bears of the western and eastern lineages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also populations totalling around one hundred bears in the Abruzzo , South Tyrol and Trentino regions of Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abruzzo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "South Tyrol", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Trentino", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They include almost 3000 bears in Sweden , another 2000 in Finland , 1000 in Estonia and around 100 in Norway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Estonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1966 he moved to Manchester City ( who were managed by Joe Mercer ) for £ 45,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Joe Mercer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Ball described the substitutions as wise given the need to rest players for the prospective semi-final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Ball", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late spring of 1945 , on Salisbury Plain north of RAF Andover , he slalomed a plane between telegraph poles \" to prove it could be done \" - earning himself a serious reprimand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salisbury Plain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "RAF Andover", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where his classmates included Leslie Nielsen , Tony Randall and Richard Boone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leslie Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Tony Randall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Richard Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These included diabetes , liver cirrhosis , osteoarthritis , high blood pressure , and hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoarthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2004 , he announced that he was suffering from Alzheimer 's disease and Parkinson 's disease and would be withdrawing from public life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It depicts a down-and-out filmmaker in Hollywood attempting to make a film on a small budget with a star who does not know that he is in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by Steve Martin , who also stars alongside Eddie Murphy in two roles , and Heather Graham as a vapid , ambitious starlet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Eddie Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Heather Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a highly rated sixth-season episode , Betty Ford made history , becoming the first First Lady to make a cameo appearance on a television sitcom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betty Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For most of its broadcasting run , the program was the lead-in for \" The Bob Newhart Show \" , which was also produced by MTM Enterprises .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Bob Newhart Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "MTM Enterprises", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in 1975 a number of ITV companies picked up the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a record unbroken until \" Frasier \" earned its 30th in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frasier", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single \" Second Nature \" also charted during this period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Nature", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his 1986 album \" Lifetime Friend \" , Little Richard ( who performed the song in the aforementioned film ) used a different version .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lifetime Friend", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Little Richard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1989 , he released his last studio album \" New Green Clear Blue \" , an instrumental new age-styled album .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Green Clear Blue", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" fried egg \" , is a cooked dish made from one or more eggs which are removed from their shells and placed into a frying pan , and fried with minimal accompaniment .", "entity": [{"entity": "fried", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fried eggs are traditionally eaten for breakfast in many countries but may also be served at other times of the day .", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Cambodia , fried egg is often served on top a common dish called loklak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambodia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Egypt , fried eggs are a common breakfast food .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In India , fried eggs are commonly served alone or as an accompaniment to bread .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may also occasionally be served with dosa , paratha , or roti .", "entity": [{"entity": "dosa", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "paratha", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "roti", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During or after the frying stage , they are sometimes sprinkled lightly with condiments such as black pepper , chili powder , green chili , and salt .", "entity": [{"entity": "black pepper", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "chili powder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "green chili", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seasoning include salt and pepper , sweet soy sauce , sometimes hot and spicy \" sambal \" chili paste .", "entity": [{"entity": "sambal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fried eggs are often served with ham or gammon steak as a popular pub meal .", "entity": [{"entity": "ham", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "gammon", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In northern Mexico , \" ( riding eggs ) are served with refried beans and fried potatoes ( or french fries ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "refried beans", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spanish painter Diego Velázquez painted a portrait of an elderly lady frying eggs in 1618 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diego Velázquez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eggs are fried in cooking oil , sometimes with a sprinkle of salt .", "entity": [{"entity": "cooking oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes , rice dishes , such as \" , are simply made by applying a fried egg on a top of a bowl of hot rice , drizzled with a spoonful of \" and sesame oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesame oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Netherlands , a fried egg ( \" ) is normally served on top of a slice of bread ( white or whole wheat ) , often with fried bacon , for breakfast or lunch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , fried eggs are eaten in a dish called Arroz a la cubana , which is seasoned ground beef with raisins , cubed potatoes , tomato sauce , and olives , along with white rice and fried ripe plantains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arroz a la cubana", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It first aired in June 2001 and is hosted by Marc Summers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Summers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 2015 , a revival series , \" Unwrapped 2.0 \" , began airing ; it 's hosted by Alfonso Ribeiro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unwrapped 2.0", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Alfonso Ribeiro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its breeding habitat is mature subtropical broadleaved evergreen forest around humid valleys .", "entity": [{"entity": "evergreen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was signed at The Hague , Netherlands , on 14 May 1954 and entered into force on 7 August 1956 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the World Bank , the country is classified as a high-income economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The island was the only known home of the dodo , which , along with several other avian species , was made extinct by human activities relatively shortly after the island 's settlement .", "entity": [{"entity": "dodo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was under a transitional arrangement , in which he was replaced by Cassam Uteem later that year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cassam Uteem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , the island of Rodrigues became an autonomous entity within the republic and was thus able to elect its own representatives to administer the island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodrigues", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to 2015 the lack of severe cyclone had seen the fruit bat population increase and the status of the species was then changed by the IUCN from Endangered to Vulnerable in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IUCN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the Financial Services Commission , financial and insurance activities contributed to 11.1 % of the country 's GDP in 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Financial Services Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The harbour of Port Louis handles international trade as well as a cruise terminal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Port Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gabrielle Wiehe is a prominent illustrator and graphic designer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabrielle Wiehe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her mother 's family lived in Acapulco , Guerrero , Mexico at that time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acapulco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Guerrero", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars a prominent ensemble cast including Vivien Leigh ( in her final film role ) , Simone Signoret , José Ferrer and Lee Marvin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vivien Leigh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Simone Signoret", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "José Ferrer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Lee Marvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doctor dies before the ship reaches Bremerhaven and leaves it in a coffin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bremerhaven", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the Chicago Cubs , Philadelphia Phillies , and Detroit Tigers from 1958 until 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stan Musial was at the plate facing Bob Anderson with a count of 3 – 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Musial", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Bob Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "281 and collected career highs in runs ( 102 ) and hits ( 182 ) , and the next season , he made the defensive play that saved Jim Bunning 's perfect game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Bunning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had suffered a stroke one year before at the conclusion of an event for retired players at Citizens Bank Park , and died due to complications arising from it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citizens Bank Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He set a career-high with 14 rebounds against the Sacramento Kings on January 5 , 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacramento Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Days later , on January 9 , he scored a career-high 14 points against the Golden State Warriors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden State Warriors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Social contagions such as fads , hysteria , copycat crime , and copycat suicide exemplify memes seen as the contagious imitation of ideas .", "entity": [{"entity": "hysteria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susan Blackmore writes that melodies from Beethoven 's symphonies are commonly used to illustrate the difficulty involved in delimiting memes as discrete units .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan Blackmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proponents of this view ( such as Susan Blackmore and Daniel Dennett ) argue that considering cultural developments from a meme 's - eye view - \" as if \" memes themselves respond to pressure to maximise their own replication and survival - can lead to useful insights and yield valuable predictions into how culture develops over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan Blackmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Daniel Dennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 1976 season , he signed with the Texas Rangers , but he saw his playing time reduced in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally , croissants and pains au chocolat were made from a brioche base but later evolved to incorporate a buttery flaky dough ( \" pâte feuilletée \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "brioche", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 27 , 2013 , he signed a two-year contract with Anadolu Efes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anadolu Efes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first season with the team , he averaged 8.4 points and 3.7 assists , over 23 EuroLeague games .", "entity": [{"entity": "EuroLeague", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pilot was ordered in 1997 , and the show premiered on HBO on January 10 , 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , Tim Van Patten and Maria Laurino receive a single story credit , and eight others are credited with writing a sole episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Van Patten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Maria Laurino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both episodes were photographed by the show 's original director of photography Alik Sakharov , who later alternated episodes with Phil Abraham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alik Sakharov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Phil Abraham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 2010 issue of \" TV Guide \" , the show 's opening title sequence ranked # 10 on a list of TV 's top 10 credits sequences , as selected by readers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All characters were created by David Chase unless otherwise noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Chase", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only two other series have won the award in consecutive years : \" Northern Exposure \" ( 1991 and 1992 ) and \" The West Wing \" ( 1999 and 2000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Exposure", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "The West Wing", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The director is Alan Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vera Farmiga , Jon Bernthal , Ray Liotta , Corey Stoll , Billy Magnussen and John Magaro are confirmed as joining the cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vera Farmiga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Jon Bernthal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Ray Liotta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Corey Stoll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Billy Magnussen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "John Magaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Damasonium alisma \" is native to the British Isles and was at one time commonly found in south and central England .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first described by Carl Linnaeus as \" Alisma damasonium \" in 1753 , but was assigned to the genus , \" Damasonium \" , in 1768 by Philip Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Linnaeus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Damasonium", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Philip Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OECD 's 37 members are known as the \" developed countries club \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "OECD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World Bank identifies 81 \" high income countries \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The creek serves as the county line between Delaware County and Philadelphia County for a reach of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delaware County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous fish species were observed in the creek during a 2009 electrofishing survey by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catch per unit effort per hour rate for smallmouth bass was slightly over 10 and the rate for rock bass was under 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "smallmouth bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "rock bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catch per unit effort per hour rate for redbreast sunfish was 123 , the highest of several warmwater streams tested during the survey .", "entity": [{"entity": "redbreast sunfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some stocked rainbow trout and brown trout were also captured in the creek .", "entity": [{"entity": "rainbow trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "brown trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A portion of this trail in Drexel Hill along a stretch of the creek that formerly hosted criminal activity was completed in 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drexel Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a post without effective power , and he was sidelined from command in the early part of the Chinese Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [101, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Li died of duodenal cancer in Beijing at 78 , in the darkest period of the Cultural Revolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Written by the band 's lead vocalist Axl Rose , it was released as a single in 1992 from their third studio album , \" Use Your Illusion I \" ( 1991 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Axl Rose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Use Your Illusion I", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [118, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since the video was shot in winter , there were no good-looking fields around , and eventually the band decided to use a church in New Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organizational instability of the early 1950 s was rooted in the demands of the Korean War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such cultural influences can be found in language , lunar calendar systems , art , and mythology .", "entity": [{"entity": "art", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elements that have been detected include sodium and potassium , produced by sputtering ( also found in the atmospheres of Mercury and Io ) ; helium-4 and neon from the solar wind ; and argon-40 , radon-222 , and polonium-210 , outgassed after their creation by radioactive decay within the crust and mantle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Io", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [134, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This atmosphere , sourced from gases ejected from lunar volcanic eruptions , was twice the thickness of that of present-day Mars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During new moon , the near side is dark .", "entity": [{"entity": "new moon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , it is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zooplankton in the Arctic use moonlight when the Sun is below the horizon for months on end .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zooplankton", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Arctic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "below the horizon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomas Harriot had made , but not published such drawings a few months earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Harriot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed in 1998 by the \" Lunar Prospector \" mission , whose instruments indicated the presence of excess hydrogen at the lunar poles , which is likely to have been caused by the presence of water ice in the upper few meters of the regolith within permanently shadowed craters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lunar Prospector", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lunar zenith telescope can be made cheaply with an ionic liquid .", "entity": [{"entity": "ionic liquid", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The splitting of the moon ( ) is a miracle attributed to Muhammad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muhammad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saoirse Ronan auditioned for the role but was considered too young .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saoirse Ronan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As early as August 2005 , rumours began linking Helen McCrory to the role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helen McCrory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family of footballer Theo Walcott made a cameo appearance in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theo Walcott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other scenes were filmed in and around Oxford , specifically at nearby Blenheim Palace in Woodstock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Blenheim Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Woodstock", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to estimates in March 2007 , by Warner Bros. , the film would debut on over 10,000 theatre screens during the summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warner Bros.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 78 % based on 250 reviews , with an average rating of 6.9 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of eight , he was offered music lessons by the classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who was impressed with his ability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since both composers had died by the time of the sonatas ' first publication , the publishers changed the dedication to Robert Schumann , who was still active at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Schumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The younger , Carl ( 1821 – 1907 ) , became a well-known landscape painter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable students include Alexander Müller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Müller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The class has been taught for more than a decade , but gained a lot of media attention in the fall of 2016 after the class appeared as a headline on Reddit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reddit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the pitchers he worked with were Frank Viola and Curt Schilling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Viola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Curt Schilling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was eventually made in 1960 with Tony Curtis in the lead role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Curtis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cameron Mitchell eventually turned down his role and was replaced by Neville Brand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cameron Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Neville Brand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family soon plunged into abject poverty with the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite his troubled childhood , and the resulting troubled personality , he was accepted to both Harvard College and the University of Chicago before his 17th birthday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , in the closing days of the war , he joined the Communist Party , thinking the revolution was just around the corner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides his editorial duties there , he wrote numerous scholarly articles in economics , labor history , and business history , researched a projected biography of Clarence Darrow , and enjoyed every prospect for a distinguished academic career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarence Darrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1960 , Brandeis University offered him an assistant professorship in the history department .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brandeis University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the last two of these features indicate , this language was a koiné based on dialects spoken in the Nanjing area , though not identical to any single dialect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nanjing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This form remained prestigious long after the capital moved to Beijing in 1421 , though the speech of the new capital emerged as a rival standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The national language is now used in education , the media and formal occasions in both Mainland China and Taiwan but not in Hong Kong and Macau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mainland China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This standard can now be spoken intelligibly by most younger people in Mainland China and Taiwan with various regional accents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mainland China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , long-established cities even very close to Beijing , such as Tianjin , Baoding , Shenyang , and Dalian , have markedly different dialects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "Tianjin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Baoding", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "Shenyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "Dalian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To symbolise the spiritual connection he had found in music via the works of Meher Baba and Inayat Khan , he programmed a mixture of human traits into a synthesizer and used it as the main backing instrument throughout the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meher Baba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Inayat Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been performed as a staple of the band 's setlist since 1971 , often as the set closer , and was the last song drummer Keith Moon played live with the band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keith Moon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Kit Lambert had recommended the studio to the group , which led to his producer credit , though the \" de facto \" work was done by Felix Pappalardi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kit Lambert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "Felix Pappalardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Who author Dave Marsh described singer Roger Daltrey 's scream near the end of the track as \" the greatest scream of a career filled with screams \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Marsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Roger Daltrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His solo career began in 1967 , under the pop-hit orientated guidance of Bert Berns with the release of the hit single \" Brown Eyed Girl \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bert Berns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Brown Eyed Girl", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Records bought out his contract and allowed him three sessions to record \" Astral Weeks \" ( 1968 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Astral Weeks", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , from these early sessions emerged \" Brown Eyed Girl \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown Eyed Girl", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The style of \" Moondance \" stood in contrast to that of \" Astral Weeks \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Astral Weeks", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Into the Mystic \" has also gained a wide following over the years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Into the Mystic", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1995 's \" Days Like This \" also had large sales – though the critical reviews were not always favourable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Days Like This", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It features a foreword of fellow poet Paul Muldoon and comprehends 120 songs from across his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Muldoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At concert 's end , he and the other performers sang \" The Tide Is Turning \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tide Is Turning", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian blues-rock singer Colin James also covers the song frequently at his concerts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colin James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple had one daughter in 1970 , Shana Morrison , who has become a singer-songwriter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shana Morrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note that anise hyssop , \" Agastache foeniculum \" ( also called blue giant hyssop ) , is a very different plant , although both are in the mint family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agastache foeniculum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "mint", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr described his views on evolution as a form of vitalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst Mayr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" flag of the Netherlands Antilles \" was white , with a horizontal blue stripe in the center , one-third of the flag 's hoist , superimposed on a vertical red stripe of the same width , also centered ; six white , five-pointed stars are arranged in a pentagon pattern in the center of the blue band , their points up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands Antilles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The six stars represented the six main islands of Aruba , Bonaire , Curaçao , Saba , Sint Eustatius , and Sint Maarten .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aruba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Bonaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Curaçao", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Saba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "Sint Eustatius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Sint Maarten", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The governors criticised the programme for only featuring Labour Party supporters on the panel discussing the issue , and no opposition politicians appeared at any stage of the 45-minute episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , \" Newsnight 's \" then editor , Peter Barron , replaced it with a 30-second weather report , arguing that the market data was available on the internet and that a weather report would be more useful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Barron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Fish , a former weather forecaster , was seen arguing in favour of the weather report , while Norman Lamont , a former Chancellor of the Exchequer , argued for the market update .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Fish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Norman Lamont", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He got his debut on 12 May 1991 in a league game the club drew 1 – 1 against Fyllingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fyllingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her final illness has been chronicled by her son , David Rieff .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Rieff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also had a relationship with the writer Joseph Brodsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Brodsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In a quote recorded by Plutarch , he once complained that old age had robbed him of every pleasure but making money .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plutarch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these amusing anecdotes might simply reflect the fact that he was the first poet to charge fees for his services – generosity is glimpsed in his payment for an inscription on a friend 's epitaph , as recorded by Herodotus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herodotus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawesson 's reagent was first made popular by Sven-Olov Lawesson , who did not , however , invent it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sven-Olov Lawesson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among her heroes of vintage fetish history are John Willie , Bettie Page , and Irving Klaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Willie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Bettie Page", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Irving Klaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her signature show features a giant martini glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "martini", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She once appeared at a benefit for the New York Academy of Art wearing nothing but $ 5 \" million worth of diamonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Academy of Art", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began the 1996 season back in the minors with the Triple-A Calgary Cannons , but was recalled to the majors on June 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary Cannons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after his appearance in the All-Star game , he was traded to the New York Yankees mid-season for José Contreras .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "José Contreras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the 2004 season , he signed a one-year deal with the Washington Nationals as a free agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His early season troubles reached a nadir on April 29 when he gave up 10 runs in two innings to the Kansas City Royals , who had the worst record in baseball at the time ; the game was not official since it was later rained out , or his statistics would have been even worse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made several appearances on her family 's reality television show , \" I Love Jenni \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Love Jenni", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the decade he also produced music under various pseudonyms , released the critically acclaimed \" Everything Is Wrong \" ( 1995 ) , and composed music for films .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everything Is Wrong", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [108, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 1992 \" Mixmag \" awards , he smashed his keyboard after his set .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mixmag", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album features vocals from six other performers , including Laura Dawn and Shayna Steele .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laura Dawn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Shayna Steele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , \" Destroyed \" , was released in May 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Destroyed", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had worked on the album for the previous 18 months and hired Spike Stent to produce it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spike Stent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1996 to 2010 , he lived in a studio apartment on Mott Street where he also recorded his albums .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mott Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He dated Christina Ricci .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christina Ricci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com to raise funds for the non-profit organisation Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine , thinking it was better to sell it for a good cause rather than in storage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He cites Edward Steichen as a major early influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Steichen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Older usage of the term goes back to Jeremy Bentham , who coined it prior to 1816 as a synonym of \" dicastic \" or \" censorial ethics \" ( i.e. , ethics based on judgement ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeremy Bentham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cluster has a red shift of around 75,900 \" km / s and spans 12&prime ; .", "entity": [{"entity": "s", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [7, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adobe was built in 1797 , and is named after Luis María Peralta , its most famous resident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis María Peralta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Davao Region is coterminous with this former province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davao Region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal crops of the province include rice , maize , banana , coconut , abacá , ramie , coffee , and a variety of fruit and root crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "banana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "coconut", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "abacá", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "ramie", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the fish products include brackish water milkfish , \" tilapia \" , shrimp , and crab ; and freshwater catfish and \" tilapia \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "tilapia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "shrimp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "crab", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "catfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After contracting Spanish flu , he died of pneumonia in 1920 , aged 56 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish flu", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his death , the final organization and editing of the book fell to his widow Marianne .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marianne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Friedrich Hayek , though the broader issue of the relation between economics and psychology has come back into the academic debate with the development of \" behavioral economics \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedrich Hayek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the band 's songwriting material in this era also came from the members ' own experiences traveling through the country in near-constant tours over the previous several years , as well as an increasing sense of political activism which would find expression on subsequent albums \" Lifes Rich Pageant \" and \" Document \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lifes Rich Pageant", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [289, 307]}, {"entity": "Document", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [316, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All songs written by Bill Berry , Peter Buck , Mike Mills and Michael Stipe except where noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Peter Buck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Mike Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Michael Stipe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having just finished a bottle of \" Pinot Noir \" , it occurred to us that it would be a wonderful thing to start such a conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinot Noir", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filmed in Luxembourg , it co-stars Joan Collins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luxembourg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Joan Collins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a close associate and strong supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was very involved in labor issues , fought for legal protection and rights for workers , and was a leader in crafting the New Deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It created the National Labor Relations Board , which mediated disputes between unions and corporations , and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many \" unfair labor practices \" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Labor Relations Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new portraits joined a group of distinguished former Senators , including Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , Robert M. La Follette , and Robert A. Taft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Clay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Daniel Webster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "John C. Calhoun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "Robert M. La Follette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 147]}, {"entity": "Robert A. Taft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named the pitching coach of the Arizona League Indians for the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona League Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a former senior manager at the BBC , having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960 s and 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "BBC Two", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "BBC Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the younger brother of the late director , producer and actor Richard Attenborough , and older brother of the late motor executive John Attenborough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Attenborough", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "John Attenborough", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1947 , he was called up for national service in the Royal Navy and spent two years stationed in North Wales and the Firth of Forth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "North Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Firth of Forth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As he was neither an obsessive twitcher nor a bird expert , he decided he was better qualified to make \" The Life of Birds \" ( 1998 ) on the theme of behaviour .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Life of Birds", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [105, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For \" The Life of Mammals \" ( 2002 ) , low-light and infrared cameras were deployed to reveal the behaviour of nocturnal mammals .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Life of Mammals", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [6, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also has honorary Doctor of Science awards from the University of Cambridge ( 1984 ) and University of Oxford ( 1988 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Cambridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "University of Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and Nottingham Trent University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 90]}, {"entity": "Nottingham Trent University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2017 , a 430 million year old tiny crustacean was named after him .", "entity": [{"entity": "crustacean", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 and 2006 , he backed a BirdLife International project to stop the killing of albatross by longline fishing boats .", "entity": [{"entity": "BirdLife International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "albatross", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He remained an important figure until his death in Nuremberg in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuremberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2012 , the multibillion-dollar corporation , now known as CoreCivic , manages over 65 correctional facilities and boasts of a revenue exceeding over 1.7 billion dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoreCivic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In regards to women and the prison-industrial complex , Angela Davis stated that \" State-sanctioned punishment is informed by patriarchal structures and ideologies that have tended to produce historical assumptions of female criminality linked to ideas about the violation of social norms defining a ' woman ’s place ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angela Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However Bernard Harcourt , Professor of Law at Columbia University , considers the term useful insofar as \" it highlights the profitability of prison building and the employment boom associated with prison guard labor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernard Harcourt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brothers Enrique and Jesús were also active in politics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enrique", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Jesús", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been considered an important participant in the social movement that sparked the Mexican Revolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexican Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was most influenced by Peter Kropotkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Kropotkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also read from the works of Karl Marx and Henrik Ibsen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Marx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Henrik Ibsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Librado Rivera left the city in order to evade capture and although he was constantly on alert for agents who might be shadowing him , he failed to elude them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Librado Rivera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also caused heavy rains over Malaysia , the Philippines , and Indonesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended the University of Hawaii , where he received his bachelor 's and master 's degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Hawaii", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 2006 election , he overcame a strong primary challenge from Congressman Ed Case , then won a third full term with 61 percent of the vote , defeating Cynthia Thielen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Case", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Cynthia Thielen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attendance of 60,945 remains a record for a league game at The Hawthorns .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hawthorns", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signed by Jack Smith , he was soon converted from a wide player into a centre-forward .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the club 's top-scorer for a fifth and final time in 1955 – 56 , hitting the net seventeen times .", "entity": [{"entity": "1955 – 56", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sacked before the end of the season due to a poor showing in the Primeira Liga – the club ended up in the fifth place , equalling their worst ever finish , despite the goalscoring form of Héctor Yazalde .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primeira Liga", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Héctor Yazalde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed Steve MacKenzie , Andy King , Martin Jol , and Romeo Zondervan ; none of whom would prove particularly effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve MacKenzie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "Andy King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Martin Jol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Romeo Zondervan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minute 's silence was held before kick-off and proceeds from the match donated to the Alzheimer 's Society , a disease he had been diagnosed with in later life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A singular art object is often seen in the context of a larger art movement or artistic era , such as : a genre , aesthetic convention , culture , or regional-national distinction .", "entity": [{"entity": "era", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , a painting by Rembrandt has a physical existence as an \" oil painting on canvas \" that is separate from its identity as a masterpiece \" work of art \" or the artist 's \" magnum opus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rembrandt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was briefly their record signing until later in July they signed Alan Shearer for £ 3.3 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Shearer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , aged almost 31 , he moved to Southampton , and retiring four years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many contemporary artists made miniatures of their art for the dollhouse , including Marcel Duchamp , Alexander Archipenko , George Bellows , Gaston Lachaise , and Marguerite Zorach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcel Duchamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Alexander Archipenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "George Bellows", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "Gaston Lachaise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 157]}, {"entity": "Marguerite Zorach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1911 he moved to Barbados to become private secretary to the Governor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbados", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was loosely adapted into a long-running HBO television series also called \" Sex and the City \" ( 1998 – 2004 ) which in turn spawned a 2008 film of the same name and a 2010 sequel .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "Sex and the City", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A subsequent bid of £ 11 \" million from Juventus in November of the same year was rejected by both club and player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family divides its time between homes in Bay of Palma , London and Cheshire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bay of Palma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "Cheshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Episodes air on Wednesday evenings and are presented by Bradley Walsh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradley Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter Andre also appears in all episodes this series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Andre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left school at the age of 11 and trained as a carpenter , later moving to Western Australia and becoming involved in the union movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved to Adelaide once he completed his training , but struggled to find work during the economic downturn of the early 1890 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adelaide", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes assigned the film an approval rating of 63 % based on 56 reviews , with an average rating of 6.22 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Joe Blackledge in 1962 , who met with no greater success as the county endured a difficult season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Blackledge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 1972 album \" Catch Bull at Four \" spent weeks at the top of several major charts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catch Bull at Four", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was embroiled in a long-running controversy regarding comments he made in 1989 about the death fatwa on author Salman Rushdie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salman Rushdie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , he returned to pop music – releasing his first new studio album of new pop songs in 28 years , entitled \" An Other Cup \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "An Other Cup", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended other local West End schools , where he says he was constantly in trouble and did poorly in everything but art .", "entity": [{"entity": "West End", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took a one-year course at Hammersmith School of Art , considering a career as a cartoonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hammersmith School of Art", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During that time he created the album \" Foreigner \" , which was a departure from the music that had brought him to the height of his fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foreigner", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The harm done is often difficult to repair \" , and added that he intended to donate the financial award given to him by the court to help orphans of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [153, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was produced with Rick Nowels , who has worked with Dido and Rod Stewart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rick Nowels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "Dido", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "Rod Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 15 September 2017 , he released his fifteenth studio album , \" The Laughing Apple \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Laughing Apple", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was launched in 1998 with Hrithik Roshan and Kareena Kapoor as the lead actors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hrithik Roshan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Kareena Kapoor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It lies in the Katmai National Park and Preserve in Kenai Peninsula Borough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katmai National Park and Preserve", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 48]}, {"entity": "Kenai Peninsula Borough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She married and divorced George C. Scott twice .", "entity": [{"entity": "George C. Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chimpanzee ( \" P. troglodytes \" ) who lives north of the Congo River , and the bonobo ( \" P. paniscus \" ) who lives south of it , were once considered to be the same species , but since 1928 they have been recognized as distinct .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congo River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research by Mary-Claire King in 1973 found 99 % identical DNA between human beings and chimpanzees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary-Claire King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chimpanzees reach puberty between the age of eight and ten years .", "entity": [{"entity": "puberty", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatomical differences between the common chimpanzee and the bonobo are slight .", "entity": [{"entity": "bonobo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both are omnivorous adapted to a mainly frugivorous diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "diet", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at Ardingly College , where he was a member of the cricket eleven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ardingly College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was created following a failed attempt to revive the show with most of the original cast ( Fred Gwynne , Al Lewis and Yvonne De Carlo ) in the 1981 NBC telefilm \" The Munsters ' Revenge \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Gwynne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Al Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "Yvonne De Carlo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "The Munsters ' Revenge", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [166, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A suicide attack shakes Tel Aviv .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tel Aviv", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The philosopher Anaxagoras ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anaxagoras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also prized for its variety of garum .", "entity": [{"entity": "garum", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 22 September he came from the bench to score the game 's only goal at home against Getafe , in stoppage time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Getafe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 27 October he repeated the feat , albeit not so late in the game , with a powerful header at home to Real Betis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Betis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was produced by Fred Quimby and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Quimby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "William Hanna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Joseph Barbera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The premise was also featured in comic books from Dell Comics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dell Comics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She secured the necessary 33 nominations by 9 June , assisted by the withdrawal of left-wing candidate John McDonnell and support from David Miliband and Jack Straw , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McDonnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "David Miliband", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Jack Straw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was one of 16 signatories of an open letter to Ed Miliband in January 2015 calling on the party to commit to oppose further austerity , take rail franchises back into public ownership and strengthen collective bargaining arrangements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Miliband", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was sworn of the Privy Council on 15 February 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Privy Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyn Brown was temporarily assigned to replace her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyn Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Revolutionary sentiment was strong in the city , where there was widespread animosity towards Emperor Puyi 's absolute monarchy and many were advocating republicanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Puyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The northern provinces remained loyal to the emperor , and hoping to avoid a civil war , Sun - proclaimed \" provisional president \" by his supporters - compromised with the monarchist general Yuan Shikai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuan Shikai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasingly interested in the techniques of war , he took a keen interest in World War I , and also began to develop a sense of solidarity with workers .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was eventually forced to abandon the policy in 1962 , and he lost political power to moderate party leaders such as Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liu Shaoqi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Deng Xiaoping", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most direct of these was Minister of Defence and Korean War veteran General Peng Dehuai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Peng Dehuai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Said Xie Fuzhi , national police chief : \" Do n't say it is wrong of them to beat up bad persons : if in anger they beat someone to death , then so be it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xie Fuzhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tiananmen Square was packed with millions of people and a military band played \" The Internationale \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tiananmen Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "The Internationale", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [81, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fifth volume , which brought the timeline up to 1957 , was briefly issued during the leadership of Hua Guofeng , but subsequently withdrawn from circulation for its perceived ideological errors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hua Guofeng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" ; John Lennon expressed regret over including these lines in the song in 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lennon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was written and directed by Alan Parker , and stars Mickey Rourke , Robert De Niro , Lisa Bonet and Charlotte Rampling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Mickey Rourke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Lisa Bonet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Charlotte Rampling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His investigation takes him to New Orleans , where he becomes embroiled in a series of brutal murders .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their texture and flavour are very similar to jícama , mainly differing in that yacón has some slightly sweet , resinous , and floral ( similar to violet ) undertones to its flavour , probably due to the presence of inulin , which produces the sweet taste of the roots of elecampane , as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "violet", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "elecampane", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [272, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yacón , in contrast , is a close relative of the sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerusalem artichoke", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [67, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yacón has also recently been introduced into farmers ' markets and natural food stores in the United States and has been available from niche online health food stores in the United Kingdom since 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had a constitution adopted in 1843 and was recognised only by Britain , France , and Uruguay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the overwhelming victory of the rebels , led by Antônio de Sousa Neto , the separatist idea took shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antônio de Sousa Neto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1844 , Fructuoso Rivera proposed to broker peace between legalists and republicans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fructuoso Rivera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the Empire of Brazil , it was unacceptable to recognize the freedom of slaves given by a sedition , although it did annihilate the leaders of the same revolt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Empire of Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His government was broad-based on paper , including members of most major prewar parties except the fascist Iron Guard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 45,000 people were forcibly \" resettled \" in lesser populated regions on the eastern plains ( Bărăgan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bărăgan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most-organised student movement was in Timișoara , where 3000 were arrested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timișoara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protests and riots broke out in Timișoara on 17 December and soldiers opened fire on the protesters , killing about 100 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timișoara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The night of 21 December brought fighting between protesters and the Securitate , police and part of the army forces ; more than 1100 protesters lost their lives during the fights over the next few days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Securitate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RSR 's political framework was a socialist republic run by a single party , the Romanian Communist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romanian Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of its legislative meetings took place in Bucharest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Tom Cruise makes a cameo in a nonspeaking role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Cruise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his classmates were renowned concert pianists Zoltán Kocsis and Dezső Ránki .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zoltán Kocsis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Dezső Ránki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also studied piano and chamber music with György Kurtág .", "entity": [{"entity": "György Kurtág", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 – 12 he was one of the \" Perspectives Artists \" of Carnegie Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a Fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Northern College of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCPH1 is expressed in the fetal brain , in the developing forebrain , and on the walls of the lateral ventricles .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A derived form of \" MCPH1 \" called haplogroup D appeared about 37,000 years ago ( any time between 14,000 and 60,000 years ago ) and has spread to become the most common form of microcephalin throughout the world except Sub-Saharan Africa ; this rapid spread suggests a selective sweep .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [220, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1895 the brook trout was introduced from Lake Zug , while between 1894 and 1897 the common whitefish was introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "brook trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Lake Zug", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1950 attempts have been made to introduce the whitefish \" Coregonus macrophthalmus \" from Lake Neuchâtel , but it has not established itself effectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coregonus macrophthalmus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 88]}, {"entity": "Lake Neuchâtel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Common Roach is present in large numbers and took around ten years to colonise the entire lake , thereby replacing the bleak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Common Roach", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still present are the European chub , tench , carp and a few examples of European perch , largemouth bass , zander and burbot .", "entity": [{"entity": "European chub", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "tench", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "carp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "European perch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "largemouth bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "zander", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently the wels catfish and pigo have been spotted .", "entity": [{"entity": "wels catfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "pigo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The focal point of these fossil deposits is Monte San Giorgio , where since the 19th century many fossils have been found dating from the mid-Triassic ( around 220 million years ago ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monte San Giorgio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis , marking the end of the \" thirty glorious years \" after World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wore an ordinary business suit to his inauguration and eschewed the traditional motorcade down the Champs-Elysées in favour of strolling down the street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champs-Elysées", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most controversial was his involvement with the regime of Jean-Bédel Bokassa in the Central African Republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Bédel Bokassa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Central African Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also served on the Trilateral Commission after being president , writing papers with Henry Kissinger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trilateral Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "Henry Kissinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1988 presidential campaign , he refused to choose publicly between the two right-wing candidates , his two former Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Chirac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "Raymond Barre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Louis Giscard d'Estaing was elected in his constituency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Giscard d'Estaing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 19 April 2007 , he endorsed Nicolas Sarkozy for the presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolas Sarkozy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President of the Union for French Democracy : 1988 – 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union for French Democracy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , the front stretch seats were upgraded from fold down seats to stadium style seats that were acquired from the recently demolished Charlotte Coliseum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Coliseum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 22 , 2010 , the speedway announced a partnership with Panasonic to install the world 's largest high definition video board at the track .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panasonic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American Idol \" season twelve auditions took place at the speedway from October 2 – 3 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The associated costs of a large family eventually drove him to advertising work and accepting frequent consulting and speaking engagements for large corporations , including IBM and AT&T .", "entity": [{"entity": "IBM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "AT&T", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key development that led to the Renaissance was not the rediscovery of ancient texts , but a shift in emphasis from the formal study of logic to rhetoric and grammar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Environment \" would also include the kinds of \" awareness \" and cognitive shifts brought upon people by it , not totally unlike the psychological context Carl Jung described .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Jung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When asked in the 1970 s for a way to sedate violences in Angola , he suggested a massive spread of TV devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angola", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sea lavender and glasswort flourish , along with tamarisks and reeds .", "entity": [{"entity": "glasswort", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 16th - 17th centuries , big estates , known locally as \" mas , \" were founded by rich landlords from Arles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aigues-Mortes , originally built as a port on the coast , is now some inland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aigues-Mortes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the next few seasons , he shared the goaltending duties with another promising young goalie , Billy Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to Long Island for the first time as an opponent on February 20 , 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as a backup to rookie sensation Ron Hextall in 1986 – 87 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Hextall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a process of building and acquiring auto dealerships , in 1996 , he formed AutoNation , which became the nation 's largest automotive dealer .", "entity": [{"entity": "AutoNation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Founding owner Joe Robbie had recently died , and his surviving family found it difficult to keep the team afloat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Robbie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a tropical tree native to the Guangdong and Fujian provinces of southeastern China , where cultivation is documented from the 11th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Fujian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Litchi chinensis \" is the sole member of the genus \" Litchi \" in the soapberry family , Sapindaceae .", "entity": [{"entity": "soapberry", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Sapindaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would score the team 's first preseason goal against the Minnesota North Stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota North Stars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region includes elevations ranging from 603 to 1,719 \" feet ( 184 to 524 \" m ) at Blue Mound State Park and covers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blue Mound State Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wildlife is abundant with opportunities for hunting whitetail deer and wild turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "wild turkey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" ( this has since receded to become Saint Anthony Falls ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Anthony Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example of an early lead Shot tower and smelting house is preserved in Tower Hill State Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tower Hill State Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It encompasses all of Allamakee , and part of Clayton , Fayette , Delaware , Winneshiek , Howard , Dubuque , and Jackson counties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allamakee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Clayton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Fayette", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "Delaware", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Winneshiek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Howard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Dubuque", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most western tributaries of the Upper Iowa , Yellow and Turkey Rivers flow east and south from the vicinity of this moraine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upper Iowa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Yellow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Turkey Rivers", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The valley of the Apple River has a major canyon , with Apple River Canyon occupying much of it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apple River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Apple River Canyon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , she was a judge on the \" X Factor Adria \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "X Factor Adria", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com 's music competition in which the top 20 most voted songs performed in Las Vegas , Nevada for $ 1,000,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the guests including Saša Kovačević , Jelena Tomašević , and Sergej Ćetković joined her on stage for duets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saša Kovačević", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Jelena Tomašević", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Sergej Ćetković", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 16 December 2011 , the ceremony aired on RTV Pink .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTV Pink", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series debuted on Show TV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Show TV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other attractions available for visitors include rides in horse-drawn carriages , historic trains from the former Central Pacific Railroad passenger station , and cruises on historic riverboats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Pacific Railroad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A historic sternwheel riverboat , the \" Delta King \" , is moored in the river and serves as a hotel , restaurant and theater .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta King", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a trainer he has worked with multiple world champions , including Arturo Gatti , Antonio Tarver , Hasim Rahman , Paulie Malignaggi , and Sergey Kovalev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arturo Gatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Antonio Tarver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Hasim Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Paulie Malignaggi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "Sergey Kovalev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his second defense , he lost the title to Meldrick Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meldrick Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" honey super \" is a part of a commercial or other managed ( such as by a hobbyist ) beehive that is used to collect honey .", "entity": [{"entity": "honey", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In practice , the Hudson 's Bay Company maintained an effective monopoly on trade in the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hudson 's Bay Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town of Fort Hall developed about east of the old trading post and fort ; both are within the reservation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Legal proceedings ensued , with Abraham Lincoln defending the railroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abraham Lincoln", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of the river was a strategic objective of both sides in the American Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the introductions are fish such as Asian carp , including the silver carp that have become infamous for outcompeting native fish and their potentially dangerous jumping behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian carp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "silver carp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , a Great Coalition of parties formed in order to reform the political system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for Athletic Bilbao during the 1910 s and 1920 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athletic Bilbao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material of the spit comes from places further north , such as Dunwich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After mid-January he lost his place in the starting eleven to fellow countryman Marek Saganowski , but finished the season as the club 's top goalscorer with 21 goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marek Saganowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his second and third goals in a 3 – 1 win over Coventry City , scoring after 31 seconds and then scoring his second of the game in the second half .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coventry City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , FIA Formula 2 hosted a stand-alone event on October 7 and 8 at the circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIA Formula 2", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 3 May 2018 , the circuit was renamed in honor of the former motorcyclist Ángel Nieto , who died in 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ángel Nieto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are three very similar species , \" Osmunda spectabilis \" , \" Osmunda lancea \" and \" Osmunda japonica \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osmunda spectabilis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "Osmunda lancea", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osmunda plants should be planted in highly acidic , moist soil , associating well with other large moisture-loving plants such as \" Rodgersia \" and \" Gunnera \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodgersia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "Gunnera", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received her PhD from Columbia University in 1929 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1970 , she joined the faculty of the University of Rhode Island as a Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Anthropology .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Rhode Island", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She held various positions in the American Association for the Advancement of Science , notably president in 1975 and chair of the executive committee of the board of directors in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to contemporary research , males are dominant throughout Melanesia ( although some believe that female witches have special powers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melanesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She amply describes her stay there in her autobiography and it is mentioned in her 1984 biography by Jane Howard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jane Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A onetime top prospect of the Chicago Cubs , he pitched for the team from 2002 to 2006 in a career that was marred by injuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the pitching coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , he was on the disabled list twice but finished the season with a 16-strikeout performance against the Cincinnati Reds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was taken second overall by the Chicago Cubs , behind Joe Mauer , who was drafted by the Minnesota Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Joe Mauer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 7 , he threw 128 pitches and struck out 11 while allowing no runs in a 2 – 0 win over the Seattle Mariners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a game against the St. Louis Cardinals on August 31 , he was removed because of a strained left hamstring .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sportswriter George Vecsey compared them to other famed rotation twosomes , like Warren Spahn and Lew Burdette , or Randy Johnson and Curt Schilling .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Vecsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Warren Spahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Lew Burdette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "Randy Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Curt Schilling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 3 , he signed with the Texas Rangers on a minor league contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then hired by the Los Angeles Dodgers as their bullpen coach for the 2018 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She dated actor Chris Evans off and on from 2001 to 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of President John F. Kennedy 's flexible response policies came from the position papers drawn up by this group .", "entity": [{"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designed by architect Edward Larrabee Barnes , it first opened in 1974 and more than doubled the museum 's exhibition space , plus added a children 's studio , theater , offices , café , and bookstore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Larrabee Barnes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alumni of the program include Andy Warhol , photographer Duane Michals , and contemporary artist Philip Pearlstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Warhol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Duane Michals", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Philip Pearlstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served in the government of Margaret Thatcher , as Lord Privy Seal from 1979 to 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Thatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sir Hedworth Meux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hedworth Meux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They lived in Isleworth , and had four sons and one daughter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isleworth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Gilmour , succeeded to his father 's baronetcy .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Gilmour", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It roughly corresponds to the former district of Alzenau , which was merged into the district of Aschaffenburg in 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzenau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Aschaffenburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay was written by Hans Janowitz , who collaborated with Carl Mayer on the script for \" The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari \" ( 1919 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Janowitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Carl Mayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [99, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She played with greats like Bob Dylan and Buffy Sainte-Marie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Dylan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Buffy Sainte-Marie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 2 described species , both endemic to New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by Ed Robertson , who is featured on the lead vocal of the rapped verses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steven Page sings lead on the song 's chorus , while the two co-lead the prechoruses in harmony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Page", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band drives into a suburb , where they perform a concert in front of a 1950 s bus , with a female motorcyclist , dressed like Evel Knievel , performing stunts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evel Knievel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was promoted first in his home town , but later earned attention in Buenos Aires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after this album 's release , he played a benefit concert for UNICEF which raised more than $ 420,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been recorded by many prominent conductors and musicians such as Pierre Boulez , Edward Gardner , Vladimir Jurowski , Mark Elder and Krystian Zimerman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Boulez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Edward Gardner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Jurowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "Mark Elder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "Krystian Zimerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 3 October 2007 , the National Bank of Poland issued special commemorative coins depicting the composer in the following denominations : 200 zloty , 10 zloty and 2 zloty .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Bank of Poland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Harvey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's second album , \" A Rush of Blood to the Head \" ( 2002 ) , was released to critical acclaim .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Rush of Blood to the Head", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their next release , \" X&Y \" , was best-selling album worldwide of 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "X&Y", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter was inspired by George Harrison 's \" All Things Must Pass \" , which was released in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "All Things Must Pass", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band were joined by Beyoncé and Bruno Mars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beyoncé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Bruno Mars", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played professionally for the Indianapolis Colts , Dallas Cowboys , and New Orleans Saints .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indianapolis Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "Dallas Cowboys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "New Orleans Saints", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of nine , he moved with his family to the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later he was on the move again , this time to Reading , where he spent six years at the club at a cost of £ 650,000 between 1999 and 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reading", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal in his second spell at the club in a 1 – 1 draw with Exeter City on 14 January 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Exeter City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first league goals came in his next game for the club in a 3 – 0 win against AFC Uckfield .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFC Uckfield", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 27 September 2011 , he was appointed player-manager of Dover Athletic after the departure of Martin Hayes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dover Athletic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "Martin Hayes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared on the substitutes ' bench in the first league match of the season , a 2 – 2 home draw with Farnborough on 18 August 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Farnborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It became a member of the alliance on 12 December 2007 alongside Shanghai Airlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some international routes operate from Chengdu , Chongqing , Dalian , Hangzhou , Kunming and Xiamen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chengdu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Chongqing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Dalian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Hangzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Kunming", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "Xiamen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its territory purportedly comprised present-day Hanoi and the land on the right bank of the Red River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hanoi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Red River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are the parents of a son , Michael Ellsberg , who is an author and journalist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Ellsberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his career he played for Sileks Kratovo , Vardar Skopje and Milano Kumanovo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sileks Kratovo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Vardar Skopje", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Milano Kumanovo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 and 1998 , they managed first-round upsets of the Dallas Stars and Colorado Avalanche , respectively , backstopped by goaltender Curtis Joseph .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas Stars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Colorado Avalanche", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "Curtis Joseph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set in the future , the player controls an amnesiac cyborg trying to escape the research facility in which they are being held prisoner .", "entity": [{"entity": "amnesiac", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was designed by Charles Alling Gifford .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Alling Gifford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Livingston as a player-coach , scoring 14 goals in 41 league games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Livingston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The television series ranked among the top twenty in polls conducted by anime magazine \" Animage \" from 1996 to 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Animage", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played right wing for the New York Islanders , Los Angeles Kings , and Pittsburgh Penguins between 1993 and 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After spending a year at The Citadel in 1932 , he was appointed to attend the United States Military Academy on the nomination of Senator James F. Byrnes , a family friend .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Citadel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "United States Military Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 108]}, {"entity": "James F. Byrnes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had suffered from Alzheimer 's disease during the final years of his life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was buried on July 23 , 2005 , at the West Point Cemetery , United States Military Academy .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Point Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "United States Military Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's premiere was held on 8 January 2002 in Paris , where filming had taken place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is set in the 1950 s in a large country residence as a family and its servants are preparing for Christmas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composer Krishna Levy also provided an instrumental score evocative of Bernard Herrmann , with touches of Miklós Rózsa and Elmer Bernstein , as well as a soundtrack featuring eight songs performed unexpectedly by the film 's title characters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krishna Levy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Bernard Herrmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "Miklós Rózsa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "Elmer Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "He was born in Puerto Cabello , Carabobo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Puerto Cabello", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Carabobo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He introduced a £ 70 million overhaul of Ireland 's fishing fleet and also launched a new maritime college .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The site of the home is now in Seabrook , though the actual house burned down in the early 1900 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seabrook", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He founded the nonprofit The Garden Conservancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Garden Conservancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he formed an intellectual partnership with modern historian Lucien Febvre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucien Febvre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1944 , he was captured in Lyon and executed by firing squad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several works - including influential studies like \" The Historian 's Craft \" and \" Strange Defeat \" - were published posthumously .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Historian 's Craft", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 75]}, {"entity": "Strange Defeat", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period he supported the Popular Front politically .", "entity": [{"entity": "Popular Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camille Jullian had died the previous year , and his position was now available .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camille Jullian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point he expected to be invited to neutral Belgium to deliver a series of lectures in Liège .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Liège", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wrote Olivier Wieviorka , and \" they would have continued promising careers after the war had they not decided to become engaged at the risk of their lives \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivier Wieviorka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes , for example , who founded the history of technology as a new discipline , built new harnesses from medieval illustrations , and drew histographical conclusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to him , it was not easy to adapt to the new life in Brest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His defensive qualities allowed the likes of Frank Lampard , Joe Cole , Arjen Robben , Damien Duff , Eiður Guðjohnsen and Didier Drogba to parade their attacking skills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Lampard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Joe Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Arjen Robben", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Damien Duff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Eiður Guðjohnsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "Didier Drogba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After less than six months in charge , however , he was sacked on 3 November 2014 following a 1 – 0 defeat to Guingamp on 1 November , due to his inability to make an impact on the club as coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guingamp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to active service as a temporary reserve second lieutenant in 1915 , during World War I , and relinquished his commission in 1919 , still a second lieutenant .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set on a South Pacific archipelago , the landscape includes beaches , dense rain forests , towering canyons , mines , swamps , and even volcanic forests .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was conceived in 1985 by Ron Gilbert and Gary Winnick , who sought to tell a comedic story based on horror film and B-movie clichés .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Gary Winnick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer Orson Scott Card praised it as a step toward \" computer games [ becoming ] a valid storytelling art \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orson Scott Card", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game 's dialogue , written by David Fox , was not created until after programming had begun .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Company management was occupied with other projects , and so the port received little attention until employee Douglas Crockford volunteered to direct it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Douglas Crockford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Computer Gaming World \" s Charles Ardai praised the game for attaining \" the necessary and precarious balance between laughs and suspense that so many comic horror films and novels lack \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Computer Gaming World", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 23]}, {"entity": "Charles Ardai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , writer Mark Dery argued that the goal of rescuing a kidnapped cheerleader reinforced negative gender roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Dery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rolling Stone \" magazine ranked him number 71 on its list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rolling Stone", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also featured on the cover of \" TV Guide \" in December 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , Lane Kiffin was hired for the position .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lane Kiffin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Brigham Young University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brigham Young University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Katsuhiro Otomo was credited as \" Special Supervisor \" to help the film sell abroad , and as a result , the film was screened in many film festivals around the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katsuhiro Otomo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This had plans to partly destroy the building and build an addition designed by Philippe Starck , but the foundation went bankrupt before any plans were carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippe Starck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another vital early tetrapod fossil has been found here , the earliest synapsid , \" Protoclepsydrops \" , which is actually earlier than \" Hylonomus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "synapsid", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Hylonomus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father , Bill Lipinski , held the seat which was previously numbered as the 5th district from 1983 to 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Lipinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The district encompasses parts of southwestern Chicago as well as much of its southwestern suburbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has a Ph.D. in political science from Duke University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duke University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He taught at the University of Notre Dame from 2000 to 2001 and at the University of Tennessee from 2001 to 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Notre Dame", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "University of Tennessee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "In 2001 , he joined the faculty of the University of Tennessee , where he remained until his election to Congress in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Tennessee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then bought a home in Western Springs as his residence in the district .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Springs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first major league run scored occurred during a strange turn of events when outfielder Gabe Kapler injured himself while running on what turned out to be a home run .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabe Kapler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed by the Washington Nationals to a minor league deal in November 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In region 2 , Revelation Films released all three seasons individually on March 25 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Revelation Films", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His indoor personal best is 2.38 metres , set in February 2005 in Stockholm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stockholm", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned the party leadership after the election , and was succeeded as leader by Neil Kinnock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Kinnock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon graduating with a second-class degree in 1934 , he took a job as a shipping clerk in Birkenhead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birkenhead", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 1972 , he stood for the Deputy Leadership of the party , along with Edward Short and Anthony Crosland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Short", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Anthony Crosland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wrote several books , including highly regarded biographies of Aneurin Bevan and H. G. Wells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aneurin Bevan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "H. G. Wells", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jill Craigie also suffered from a crushed hand in this car crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jill Craigie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The definition employed by Michael van Notten ( based upon one by Frank van Dun ) is not , strictly , that of rule by judges , judges not being a formal political class but rather people selected at random to perform that task ad hoc ; but rather is that of a legal and political system whose closest analogue in other societies is that of a system based entirely upon customary rather than statutory law .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael van Notten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "Frank van Dun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A kritarchy system was also present in medieval Ireland until the 13th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was removed from the transfer list the following week , and went on to score in the next two consecutive games ( Leeds United and Luton Town ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "Luton Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During night-time , all colectivos in Buenos Aires city run through their stops at least twice an hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1968 , he resigned as Secretary of Defense to become President of the World Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen DPMs appeared between 1961 and 1968 on such topics as strategic offensive and defensive forces , NATO strategy and force structure , military assistance , and tactical air forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also portrayed or fictionalized in the films \" The Missiles of October \" and \" Transformers : Dark of the Moon \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Missiles of October", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "Transformers : Dark of the Moon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [86, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won his first career race at Bristol Motor Speedway , and led the championship points early in the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bristol Motor Speedway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Keanu Reeves and Dolph Lundgren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keanu Reeves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Dolph Lundgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Chris Maitland was also replaced by Gavin Harrison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Maitland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Gavin Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For these shows , Chad Wackerman ( best known for his work with Frank Zappa ) replaced Marco Minnemann on drums due to conflicting schedules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chad Wackerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Frank Zappa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Marco Minnemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andy Partridge of XTC revealed that he co-wrote two songs for the album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Partridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "XTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the tour , Alex Hutchings was introduced to replace Dave Kilminster as the guitarist of the live band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alex Hutchings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Dave Kilminster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He proposed a thermodynamic basis for Svante Arrhenius 's theory of electrolytic dissociation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Svante Arrhenius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous well-known scientists , such as Albert Einstein , Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner were frequent visitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "Lise Meitner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tradition of jointly performing music had already been established in the home of Helmholtz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helmholtz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chris Wilcox of the Boston Celtics now holds the record .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Wilcox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Boston Celtics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On January 15 , he scored 20 points off the bench in a 111 – 98 win over the Milwaukee Bucks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee Bucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential issues were resolved by the summer , and he agreed to arrive at Bletchley Park on 31 August 1942 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bletchley Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1946 , he wrote to John von Neumann , expressing his desire to build a computing machine .", "entity": [{"entity": "John von Neumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2018 , the brand banned mohair use after a PETA exposé showed workers mutilating and killing goats to obtain it .", "entity": [{"entity": "PETA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is now the grandmother of five , including Talita von Fürstenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talita von Fürstenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They lost 2 – 1 to Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium on 24 February , with an extra time winner from centre-back Jonathan Woodgate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "Wembley Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Woodgate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the heavy rain , John Terry slipped on his team 's fifth penalty , clipping the ball off the post and wide .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Terry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first game as manager was a 4 – 1 defeat at home to Manchester United on 28 November 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by a 4 – 2 home defeat to Aston Villa in the League Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "League Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on the air without a laugh track .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Dozier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12 , 1966 to March 14 , 1968 , twice weekly for the first 2 and weekly for the third .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The typical story begins with a villain 's caper ( such as stealing a fabulous treasure , kidnapping a prominent person , or attempting to take over Gotham City ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gotham City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The real-life inspiration for the character , hair stylist Jay Sebring , appears uncredited during the fight scene and has a couple of spoken lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Sebring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather than rebuild the sets , NBC dropped the project .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adam West died before it was released ; however , he did complete his voiceover work before his passing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam West", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeff Parker writes the series , which features cover art by Mike Allred and interior art by different artists each issue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Mike Allred", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", which was created by writer / artist Mike Allred as a tribute to the 1960 s TV series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Allred", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Todd Phillips confirmed that was an Easter egg referencing the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Todd Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The steep descent powered many early industrial activities , including flour milling and the original DuPont gunpowder mills , while the navigable channel to the Delaware River and Delaware Bay allowed manufacturers to load ocean-going ships from near their mills .", "entity": [{"entity": "DuPont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Delaware River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "Delaware Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Civil War alone , over 4 million barrels of gunpowder were produced here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the age of nine he was already giving concerts and came to the attention of Paderewski , who invited the boy to study with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paderewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in 1904 he went to Vienna to study with Ferruccio Busoni .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vienna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Ferruccio Busoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His repertoire was vast , including the complete works of Chopin , which he broadcast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chopin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His daughter was Beate Sirota Gordon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beate Sirota Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When they settle down in the French Riviera after burning the dead man 's car ( full of money ) and sinking a second car into the Mediterranean Sea , their relationship becomes strained .", "entity": [{"entity": "French Riviera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Mediterranean Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He settles in Toulon while she searches for him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toulon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", there are some 102,400 known members in Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was adapted by Leonardo Bercovici and Robert E. Sherwood from the 1928 novel of the same name by Robert Nathan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonardo Bercovici", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "Robert E. Sherwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Robert Nathan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In early previews , audiences disliked the film , so Billy Wilder and Charles Brackett made uncredited rewrites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Wilder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Charles Brackett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and currently plays for the Indiana Pacers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana Pacers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Anjou , rillaud was a speciality , plated in the shape of a pyramid and topped with the pig 's tail ; the rillettes were proudly displayed to the guest of honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anjou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan 's book \" The Feminine Mystique \" by one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betty Friedan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "The Feminine Mystique", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [140, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although she helped popularize it , the phrase is actually attributable to Irina Dunn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irina Dunn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and trigeminal neuralgia in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "trigeminal neuralgia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , she had had a four-year relationship with the publisher Mortimer Zuckerman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mortimer Zuckerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer on March 10 , 1995 , and died on April 26 , 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2013 , she worked for Publicolor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Publicolor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chelation therapy is the preferred medical treatment for metal poisoning , including acute mercury , iron ( including in cases of sickle-cell disease and thalassemia ) , arsenic , lead , uranium , plutonium and other forms of toxic metal poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "sickle-cell disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [130, 149]}, {"entity": "thalassemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When used properly in response to a diagnosis of harm from metal toxicity , side effects of chelation therapy include dehydration , low blood calcium , harm to kidneys , increased enzymes as would be detected in liver function tests , allergic reactions , and lowered levels of dietary elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal toxicity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Cancer Society says of chelation therapy : \" Available scientific evidence does not support claims that it is effective for treating other conditions such as cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Cancer Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors concluded that disodium EDTA chelation \" modestly \" reduced the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among stable patients with a history of myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [156, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His backing band for this appearance was John Moen , Jon Brion , Rob Schnapf , and Sam Coomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Moen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "Jon Brion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Rob Schnapf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Sam Coomes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first manager role was at a cash-stricken Fiorentina at only 35 years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiorentina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite his domestic success , many pundits saw the repeated failure to win the coveted Champions League as the main reason for his dismissal in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was kept out of the side by competition from Gianluca Vialli , Salvatore Schillaci , Andrea Carnevale and Roberto Baggio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gianluca Vialli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Salvatore Schillaci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "Andrea Carnevale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "Roberto Baggio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you do n't concede a goal and you have players like Edin Džeko , Carlos Tevez or David Silva , you win 90 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edin Džeko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Carlos Tevez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "David Silva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Königsberg ( now Kaliningrad ) , aged about 53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Königsberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Kaliningrad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was printed in Königsberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Königsberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she became an official UNICEF ambassador in 1972 , she agreed to forego a world tour in favor of raising money for the organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olivia Newton-John covered the song on the soundtrack album for the film \" A Few Best Men \" in 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivia Newton-John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "A Few Best Men", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although popular as an aquarium fish , the IUCN has classified \" B. splendens \" in the vulnerable category .", "entity": [{"entity": "IUCN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fish is naturally endemic to Thailand and can be found in shallow areas in marshes or paddy fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In captivity they can be fed a varied diet of pellets or frozen foods such as brine shrimp , bloodworms , daphnia and many others .", "entity": [{"entity": "brine shrimp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "daphnia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The male , in his turn , releases milt into the water , and fertilization takes place externally .", "entity": [{"entity": "milt", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This movie was Zoe Saldana 's and Amanda Schull 's film debuts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zoe Saldana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Amanda Schull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the main characters who are dancers , four are professional ballet dancers ( Amanda Schull , Ethan Stiefel , Sascha Radetsky , and Julie Kent ) , one is a professional figure skater ( Ilia Kulik ) , one had ballet training ( Zoe Saldana ) , and two were actors with no ballet training ( Susan May Pratt and Shakiem Evans ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amanda Schull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Ethan Stiefel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "Sascha Radetsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "Julie Kent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "Ilia Kulik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 197]}, {"entity": "Zoe Saldana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [228, 239]}, {"entity": "Susan May Pratt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [290, 305]}, {"entity": "Shakiem Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [310, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The is a home computer created by Sharp Corporation , first released in 1987 , sold only in Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharp Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An actress herself and a theater administrator , she helped Henry Fonda begin his acting career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Fonda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , she was an alcoholic and often had to be brought home from Chicago bars by her husband .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The picture was originally directed by Stanley Kubrick , but he was fired early in the production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Kubrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast features Katy Jurado , Ben Johnson , and Slim Pickens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katy Jurado", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Ben Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Slim Pickens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the film , in which he portrays a fence , he starred with Robert De Niro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained a great deal of weight in the 1970 s and by the early to mid-1990 s he weighed over and suffered from Type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Type 2 diabetes", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had several patents issued in his name from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office , all of which involve a method of tensioning drumheads , in June 2002 – November 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Patent and Trademark Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also suffered from diabetes and liver cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were then scattered partly in Tahiti and partly in Death Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tahiti", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Death Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the late 1960 s and into the early 1980 s , he had a tempestuous , long-term relationship with actress Jill Banner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jill Banner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended some fundraisers for John F. Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sacheen Littlefeather represented him at the ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacheen Littlefeather", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also showed admiration for Sean Penn , Jack Nicholson , Johnny Depp , and Daniel Day-Lewis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean Penn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Jack Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Johnny Depp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "Daniel Day-Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a hurricane in 1749 , the Chesapeake Bay rose above normal , and a sand spit was washed up at Sewell 's Point .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chesapeake Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Sewell 's Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Official interest had also cooled by the expression of doubts voiced by Rolls-Royce Limited on the viability of the bifurcated jet pipes that the design used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rolls-Royce Limited", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best known version was written by Charles Perrault .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Perrault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Perrault 's versions of the tale , she is named after her red hooded cape / cloak that she wears .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perrault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antagonist is not always a wolf , but sometimes a ' bzou ' ( werewolf ) , making these tales relevant to the werewolf trials ( similar to witch trials ) of the time ( e.g. the trial of Peter Stumpp ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Stumpp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [189, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contes de ma mère l'Oye \" ) , in 1697 , by Charles Perrault .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Perrault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tale has been interpreted as a puberty rite , stemming from a prehistoric origin ( sometimes an origin stemming from a previous matriarchal era ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "puberty", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Henry Kissinger believed he was \" an idiot \" and a \" bad \" foreign minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Kissinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fort is located in Hill County six miles southwest of Havre ( the county seat ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hill County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Havre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated locally and later at University College Galway .", "entity": [{"entity": "University College Galway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sentenced to five months imprisonment by a court in Belfast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His surname is after revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosa Luxemburg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most notably , he is known for centering his play around Rivaldo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rivaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 the National Team won the South American Nationals Championship undefeated .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Team", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "South American Nationals Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was often blamed at this tournament for leaving out Romário , who had gone on national television , pleading his case to play in the tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romário", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The season saw the introduction of wings as seen previously on various cars , including the Chaparral sports car .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaparral", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Nigel Mansell departed at the end of the year the team hired Ayrton Senna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigel Mansell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "Ayrton Senna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He frequently quotes from Shakespeare and the romantic poets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shakespeare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finally made his debut for the club against Aberdeen on 9 April 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four different personalities were used in the match , the first three of which were based on famous human Grandmasters : Alexander Alekhine , Bobby Fischer , and Mikhail Botvinnik .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Alekhine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 139]}, {"entity": "Bobby Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Botvinnik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was set in the real country town of Emerald in the Dandenong Ranges east of Melbourne and used the town 's actual police station .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emerald", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Dandenong Ranges", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1872 , he resigned from the firm due to illness , and set sail for Europe in search of a cure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1880 , he declared martial law during the mining strike at Leadville .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leadville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Maracaibo , Zulia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maracaibo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Zulia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Bosley Crowther ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bosley Crowther", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked alongside the academic Colin Mackerras .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colin Mackerras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the playa is wet for a month or so , the shallow waters teem with fairy shrimp , or anostraca born of eggs that lie dormant in the silt crust for long periods of time - sometimes for many years .", "entity": [{"entity": "anostraca", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1979 a fossilized Columbian Mammoth was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbian Mammoth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1979 , a fossilized Columbian Mammoth was found along the side of the lakebed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbian Mammoth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band worked with producer Terry Date .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Date", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lesser black-backed gull is smaller than the European herring gull .", "entity": [{"entity": "European herring gull", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Tony Mowbray referred to him as a \" model professional \" and said that he had brought the player in to create competition for left-back Paul Robinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Mowbray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Paul Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group released their debut album , \" Hummin ' Comin ' at ' Cha \" , on October 12 , 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hummin ' Comin ' at ' Cha", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her second album , \" Kandi Koated \" , was released in December 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kandi Koated", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After watching T-Pain perform and having producers approach her again , however , she reconsidered .", "entity": [{"entity": "T-Pain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It became defunct in 1996 , when it was taken over by MasterCard .", "entity": [{"entity": "MasterCard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1890 s Theodore Gordon expertly matched dry fishing flies to actual insects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theodore Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both branches begin on the slopes of Slide Mountain , the highest peak in the Catskills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slide Mountain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Catskills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It flows southeastward into western Orange County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orange County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to rainbow trout , it sustains brown trout , brook trout and the rare tiger trout .", "entity": [{"entity": "rainbow trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "brown trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "brook trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The culture spread throughout southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang from around 5000 BC to 3300 BC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jiangsu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Zhejiang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the remains of sika and roe deer have been found , showing that people were not totally reliant on agricultural production .", "entity": [{"entity": "roe deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has two elder siblings , sister Sally and brother Terence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sally", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Terence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first , \" Guitars \" , used guitars as the source for all the sounds on the album , including percussion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guitars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second , \" The Millennium Bell \" , consisted of pastiches of a number of styles of music that represented various historical periods over the past millennium .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Millennium Bell", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first work on this project is \" Tr3s Lunas \" launched in 2002 , a virtual game where the player can interact with a world full of new music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tr3s Lunas", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the battle they were sent to Pavuvu in the Russell Islands for rest and refitting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pavuvu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Russell Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this time they increasingly fought skirmishes with soldiers from the People 's Liberation Army who saw the railways and other infrastructure as attractive targets to ambush , raid , and harass .", "entity": [{"entity": "People 's Liberation Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was part of the 3,500 federal military force sent to Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate , either because the heart 's natural pacemaker is not fast enough , or because there is a block in the heart 's electrical conduction system .", "entity": [{"entity": "block", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [164, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) is used for people with heart failure in whom the left and right ventricles do not contract simultaneously ( ventricular dyssynchrony ) , which occurs in approximately 25 – 50 % of heart failure patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , it has been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation , heart failure , weakening of the heart muscle and potentially shorter life expectancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , according to the American Heart Association , some home devices have a remote potential to cause interference by occasionally inhibiting a single beat .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Heart Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another possible complication called twiddler 's syndrome occurs when a patient manipulates the pacemaker and causes the leads to be removed from their intended location and causes possible stimulation of other nerves .", "entity": [{"entity": "twiddler 's syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some ICD devices can distinguish between ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) , and may try to pace the heart faster than its intrinsic rate in the case of VT , to try to break the tachycardia before it progresses to ventricular fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An apparent hiatus in publication of research conducted between the early 1930 s and World War II may be attributed to the public perception of interfering with nature by \" reviving the dead \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A substantial external device using vacuum tube technology to provide transcutaneous pacing , it was somewhat crude and painful to the patient in use and , being powered from an AC wall socket , carried a potential hazard of electrocution of the patient and inducing ventricular fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [267, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of innovators , including Paul Zoll , made smaller but still bulky transcutaneous pacing devices from 1952 using a large rechargeable battery as the power supply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Zoll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies demonstrated the restoration of heart rate , cardiac output and mean aortic pressures in animal subjects with complete heart block through the use of a myocardial electrode .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart block", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The world 's first implantable pacemaker patient , Arne Larsson , went on to receive 26 different pacemakers during his lifetime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arne Larsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implantable pacemakers constructed by engineer Wilson Greatbatch entered use in humans from April 1960 following extensive animal testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson Greatbatch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company was in a fierce rivalry with several other manufacturers , most notably Sega , and felt that ideas such as these would make them stand out from others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sega", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from New York University in 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , Ian Eagle has taken over the broadcasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Eagle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by Kevin Harlan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Harlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The division was stationed in the Mariana Islands and had conducting mopping-up operations on Saipan against scattered remnants of the enemy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mariana Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Saipan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , while playing for Sampdoria on loan , he was banned for 5 matches for punching an opponent in the ribs , and also for kicking him in the groin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sampdoria", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was shot in Calgary and Jamaica in February and March 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Jamaica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent the majority of his career at Athletic Bilbao , from 1940 to 1955 , for whom he remains the top scorer in competitive matches with 335 goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athletic Bilbao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was dispatched to Ceuta , and played some friendly matches with the team there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceuta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , her coach was Jelena Genčić .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jelena Genčić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was known to have received death threats in relation to the Yugoslav Wars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yugoslav Wars", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also appeared in 2008 in the TV series \" Dancing with the Stars \" as one of the contestants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dancing with the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the scenes unique to the game were conceived by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg during the creation of the movie .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Lucas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Steven Spielberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1989 , \" Dragon \" gave the game 5 out of 5 stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dragon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles Ardai of \" Computer Gaming World \" gave the game a positive review , noting its cinematic qualities and well-designed puzzles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Ardai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Computer Gaming World", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for the club in a home game against Everton in September 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he featured more regularly for the club during the following campaign , he was unable to retain a regular place in their team and was instead loaned out to Sheffield Wednesday in March 2013 until the season 's conclusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movie was filmed in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was long thought lost before being located in Howard Hughes ' film collection after his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the son of former major leaguer Gary Ward .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His home run outshone Russell Branyan 's solo home run in the same game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russell Branyan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He replaced John Mabry as a backup at 1st base to Derrek Lee .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Mabry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Derrek Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played in April with the Newark Bears and hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newark Bears", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some casting directors build an impressive career working on numerous Hollywood productions such as Marion Dougherty , Mary Jo Slater , Mary Selway , Lynn Stalmaster , April Webster , Tammara Billik , Marci Liroff , Avy Kaufman , Mindy Marin , and Robi Reed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "Marion Dougherty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Mary Jo Slater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Mary Selway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "Lynn Stalmaster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 165]}, {"entity": "April Webster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 181]}, {"entity": "Tammara Billik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [184, 198]}, {"entity": "Marci Liroff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 213]}, {"entity": "Avy Kaufman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [216, 227]}, {"entity": "Mindy Marin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 241]}, {"entity": "Robi Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The land takes its name from the Morava river , which runs from its north to south , being its principal watercourse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morava", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "– both as regards periodically recurring seasonal migrations triggered by climatic oscillations in the prehistory , when permanent settlement started .", "entity": [{"entity": "prehistory", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The valleys surround the low range of Central Moravian Carpathians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Moravian Carpathians", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bobby Allison won 13 races with this car driving for owner Bud Moore in the 1977 through 1980 seasons even though the cars looked boxy and un-aerodynamic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Allison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Bud Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1983 – 1988 bodied cars routinely broke the 200 \" mph barrier , in one case during a qualifying session set the record of the fastest lap in stock car history at 44.998 seconds with an average speed of at Talladega Superspeedway , a record that still stands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talladega Superspeedway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [209, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his Ligue 1 debut against Sochaux on 17 November 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ligue 1", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Sochaux", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was alleged that he had thrown a punch at Frank Lampard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Lampard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made a goalscoring return to action , scoring a brace on his return against Manchester City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flight plan , which included a stop off in Europe , was cancelled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first start the next day , against the Atlanta Braves and was hitless in 4 at-bats with 2 strikeouts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was selected off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays on January 19 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a free agent at the end of the season and signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays in December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa Bay Rays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the season , he became a free agent and on December 1 , 2011 , he signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its range completely overlaps that of the closely related \" Tsuga caroliniana \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsuga caroliniana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , its very fine-textured foliage that droops to the ground , its pyramidal growth habit , and its ability to withstand hard pruning make it a desirable ornamental tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornamental tree", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [164, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Germany , it is the most frequently seen hemlock in cultivation , and is also used in forestry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Van Johnson , John Hodiak , Ricardo Montalbán , and George Murphy , features James Whitmore , and was directed by William A. Wellman from a script by Robert Pirosh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "John Hodiak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Ricardo Montalbán", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "George Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "James Whitmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "William A. Wellman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 141]}, {"entity": "Robert Pirosh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gen. Anthony McAuliffe 's one word response , \" Nuts ! \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony McAuliffe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He soon parted from her , writing among other things that her ideas were not as original as she proclaimed , but similar to those of Aristotle , Thomas Aquinas and Herbert Spencer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "Thomas Aquinas", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "Herbert Spencer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 24 of 25 professional critics gave the film a positive review , with a rating average of 7.9 / 10 ; in total , the film has a 96 % rating on the website .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 6 February 2010 , he scored an own-goal in a 5 – 0 loss against Manchester United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While in the league , he often play in the first team , but received more disciplined under newly manager Mario Been .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Been", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a match against Zulte Waregem on 15 January 2012 , he received a booking on the 18th minutes and was substituted in the 78th minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zulte Waregem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specimens are available for display in Chicago , Washington , and London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was made around Wandsworth , Battersea and Vauxhall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wandsworth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Battersea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "Vauxhall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hanif Kureishi and Stephen Gaghan will serve as executive producers , alongside Alec Berg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hanif Kureishi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Stephen Gaghan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Alec Berg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or perhaps Hugh Hamilton who remarked ( in 1758 ) that a sphere touches the cone at a circle which defines a plane whose intersection with the plane of the conic section is a directrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first broadcast on BBC One on 15 April 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC One", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think of it – to paraphrase Doug Winter – as an emotion , and no one emotion will ever characterize my fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doug Winter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is illustrated by Vince Locke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vince Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The digest includes the occasional collaboration with Sonya Taaffe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sonya Taaffe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After serving 19 years of imprisonment in Italy where he was visited by the Pope , he was deported to Turkey , where he served a ten-year sentence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This vehicle is now in the \" Carriage museum \" in Vatican City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vatican City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded the first triple-double in the history of the Vancouver Grizzlies ( also his first ) on March 1 , 1996 , against the Dallas Mavericks with 15 points , 13 rebounds and 11 assists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver Grizzlies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 77]}, {"entity": "Dallas Mavericks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also hit a last-second game winning shot against the Philadelphia 76ers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to columnist Margaret Carlson , that money was used to improve roads , health care , and schools in the state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Carlson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was referred to as \" a masterful example of game design \" by \" GamePro \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "GamePro", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full length mRNA molecules have been proposed as therapeutics since the beginning of the biotech era but there was little traction until the 2010 s , when Moderna Therapeutics was founded and managed to raise almost a billion dollars in venture funding in its first three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moderna Therapeutics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of September 2020 , he 's at the fourth place in the list of the most prolific goalscorers for his country , having been surpassed by Andriy Yarmolenko and Yevhen Konoplyanka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andriy Yarmolenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "Yevhen Konoplyanka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piranhas have also been discovered in the Kaptai Lake in southeast Bangladesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaptai Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few can grow larger , with the largest living species , the red-bellied , reaching up to .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-bellied", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common aquarium piranha is \" Pygocentrus nattereri \" , the red-bellied piranha .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-bellied piranha", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various stories exist about piranhas , such as how they can lacerate a human body or cattle in seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "cattle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These legends refer specifically to the red-bellied piranha .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-bellied piranha", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [40, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oscar Wilde said it looked like \" a castellated monstrosity with pepper boxes stuck all over it , \" although he did admire the arrangement and movement of the pumping machinery inside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar Wilde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his major league career on September 17 , 1913 , with the Detroit Tigers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His contract was then purchased by the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After seeing the published first issue , publisher Harry Donenfeld dismissed the featured strip as ridiculous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Donenfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and was joined by scripter Roger Stern the following month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Stern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer Greg Pak and artist Aaron Kuder became the new creative team on the series with issue # 25 ( Jan. 2014 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Pak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "Aaron Kuder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Houston Astros for spring training in 1994 and was projected to be the opening-day right-fielder , but injuries prevented him from making the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His elder son , Josh , is a former infielder with the San Diego Padres and Cleveland Indians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has received negative reviews from critics on Rotten Tomatoes with a 17 % approval rating based on six reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was written and directed by satirical humorist Jaspal Bhatti , who also played himself as the main character .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaspal Bhatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he helped organize the 1907 May Day parade and was arrested again .", "entity": [{"entity": "May Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alexey Stakhanov was chosen for the task , and on the night of 30 – 31 August he mined a reported 102 tons of coal , 14 times his quota ( though with the assistance of two helpers it worked out to just over five times his regular output ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexey Stakhanov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his death a medical bulletin reported he had sclerosis and had tuberculosis earlier in his life , which led to the removal of his left kidney in 1929 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Produced by the Children 's Television Workshop , the program debuted as \" Sesame Street \" in 1969 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Children 's Television Workshop", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 47]}, {"entity": "Sesame Street", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two television pilots , \" The Muppets Valentine Show \" and \" The Muppet Show : Sex and Violence \" , aired on ABC in 1974 and 1975 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Muppets Valentine Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 52]}, {"entity": "The Muppet Show : Sex and Violence", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 95]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Muppets Most Wanted \" was released in 2014 , and starred Ricky Gervais ; Tina Fey ; and Ty Burrell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muppets Most Wanted", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 21]}, {"entity": "Ricky Gervais", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "Tina Fey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Ty Burrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final issue of \" Disney Adventures \" , released in 2007 , included a one-page strip by Roger Langridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disney Adventures", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "Roger Langridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term \" muppet \" is commonly used in the British Isles and Australasia to refer to a stupid or ineffectual person .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Australasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The giant otter subsists almost exclusively on a diet of fish , particularly characins and catfish , but may also eat crabs , turtles , snakes and small caiman .", "entity": [{"entity": "diet of fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "paraguensis \" has been suggested in Paraguay , Uruguay , southern Brazil , and northern Argentina , In the former , investigation has shown thinly distributed population remnants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biologist Nicole Duplaix calls the division of \" doubtful value \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicole Duplaix", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has the greatest body length of any species in the mustelid family , although the sea otter may be heavier .", "entity": [{"entity": "sea otter", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other causes of death include accidents , gastroenteritis , infanticide , and epileptic seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastroenteritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish from the order Perciformes , particularly cichlids , were seen in 97 % of scats , and Characiformes , such as characins , in 86 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perciformes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Characiformes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some cases , supposed cooperative hunting may be incidental , a result of group members fishing individually in close proximity ; truly coordinated hunting may only occur where the prey cannot be taken by a single giant otter , such as with small anacondas and juvenile black caiman .", "entity": [{"entity": "black caiman", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [273, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early prizes were given solely to people who had made great achievements in the field of religion ; Mother Teresa received the inaugural award in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mother Teresa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a relatively late age , he was brought to the attention of Louis van Gaal , and subsequently signed for Ajax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis van Gaal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "Ajax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his league debut on 18 August 2001 in a 2 – 3 away defeat against Manchester United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His clean sheet record ended on 4 March , when he made an error allowing Peter Løvenkrands of Newcastle United to score after 9 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Løvenkrands", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to the tournament , he was instrumental in bringing an end to a long-time dispute between veteran striker Ruud van Nistelrooy and manager Marco van Basten .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruud van Nistelrooy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "Marco van Basten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced at half-time by comedian Patrick Kielty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Kielty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He enrolled on a physical education course at college and played non-League football in the same Saltdean United team as his father .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saltdean United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After he suffered injury at a crucial time between contracts , manager Billy Bonds gave him just one month to prove himself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Bonds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His two younger brothers were Dennis and Carl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dennis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Carl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact cause of this hearing loss is unclear , though theories range from him simply being born partially deaf to a blow to the head from his father , or a neighborhood bully being to blame .", "entity": [{"entity": "deaf", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song \" Good Vibrations \" set a new standard for musicians and for what could be achieved in the recording studio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Good Vibrations", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally scheduled for release in January 1967 , the release date was continually pushed back until press officer Derek Taylor announced its cancellation in May 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derek Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They enlisted the services of radical therapist Eugene Landy in October 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugene Landy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this , he received extensive vocal coaching to improve his voice , learned to cope with his stage fright , and started to consistently perform live for the first time in decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "stage fright", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After having lost $ 4.3 \" billion from 2007 to 2009 , the company demerged into two independent public companies , Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4 , 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Motorola Mobility", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "Motorola Solutions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modular Quasar brand was introduced in 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quasar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company also sponsored Livingston F.C. between 1998 and 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Livingston F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her relatives are from the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union ( now territory Belarus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian Empire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was dedicated to executive producer Joe Ranft , who died in a car crash during production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Ranft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 84 % approval rating with an average rating of 7.23 / 10 based on 193 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She married actor and singer Tony Martin in 1937 , and they divorced in 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She married actor Phil Harris in 1941 , a union which lasted until his death in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the film , she appeared with two of her most frequent co-stars , Tyrone Power and Don Ameche , as it was customary for studios to pair their contract players together in more than one film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyrone Power", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Don Ameche", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 1941 , she married bandleader Phil Harris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was the first female crooner and equivalent to Bing Crosby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bing Crosby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See. , and Eckhart Tolle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eckhart Tolle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Roy Hodgson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Hodgson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although more conversational in tone than his previous entry , it did feature the same wacky stunts that would influence David Letterman in later years , including becoming a human hood ornament ; jumping into vats of oatmeal and cottage cheese ; and being slathered with dog food , allowing dogs backstage to feast on the free food .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Letterman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "oatmeal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [218, 225]}, {"entity": "cottage cheese", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [230, 244]}, {"entity": "dog food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [272, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , he taught courses at Yale University and the University of Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by Jim Harrison and Wesley Strick , and an uncredited Elaine May .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Wesley Strick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Elaine May", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was composed by Ennio Morricone and the cinematography was done by Giuseppe Rotunno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ennio Morricone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Giuseppe Rotunno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Afterwards , he moved to Austria Wien on 4 October 2002 , where he won another league championship title .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria Wien", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Destinations included San Francisco , Los Angeles , Vancouver , New Orleans , Chicago , and Montreal .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clock was sponsored by at least five companies ; its first and most significant was Westclox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westclox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designed by Tony Sarg , it had 242 stadium-style seats and a standing-room section with armchairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Sarg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2020 , the skyscraper One Vanderbilt opened , along with a train hall at its base , a pedestrian plaza connecting it to the terminal , and an underground passage to the complex 's subway station .", "entity": [{"entity": "One Vanderbilt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has two career hat-tricks , the first against the Edmonton Oilers and the second against the Vancouver Canucks on December 8 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton Oilers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "Vancouver Canucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intel donated the use of a render farm for the production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Intel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died on Valentine 's Day 2007 as a result of lung cancer that had metastasized to his brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valentine 's Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "metastasized", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is an ensemble piece in which the five protagonists plan , enjoy and come down from a weekend out in Cardiff ; all motivated at least in part by the need for a weekend escape from the difficulties and contradictions of their daily lives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film features Nicole Kidman , Ben Chaplin , Mathieu Kassovitz , and Vincent Cassel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicole Kidman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Ben Chaplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Mathieu Kassovitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "Vincent Cassel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Touted by some as a future Hall of Famer , his career was permanently altered on April 8 , 1984 , when he was hit in the face by Mike Torrez 's fastball .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Torrez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four years later , he became the gubernatorial nominee of the Whig Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whig Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those who came to their aid was local newspaper publisher Thurlow Weed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thurlow Weed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Created by William Broyles Jr. and John Sacret Young , the series looks at the Vietnam War from unique perspectives : those of the women , military personnel and civilians who were present during the conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Broyles Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "John Sacret Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 12 September 2011 , he netted a hat-trick in a 4 – 2 win against FC Midtjylland .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Midtjylland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Player 1 makes it to Valle Nevado and sets out to investigate what happened to his friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valle Nevado", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His best finish was fifth in his second race , the , in which he finished ahead of his teammate and three-time World Champion Nelson Piquet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Piquet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went on to take his first victory at the , in a wet race at the Spa-Francorchamps circuit , which by 2003 he would call \" far and away my favourite track \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spa-Francorchamps", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished with 144 points , a record-breaking 67 points ahead of the runner-up , his teammate Rubens Barrichello .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rubens Barrichello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He fell 16 points behind Kimi Räikkönen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kimi Räikkönen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In doing so , he became the oldest driver to lead a race since Jack Brabham in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Brabham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He shares the record for having the second-most nominations for the award with Roger Federer with six nominations , and is eclipsed only by Tiger Woods who has been nominated seven times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Federer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Tiger Woods", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He holds the distinction of having the most nominations for a motorsport athlete , ( Fernando Alonso has been nominated only twice , Sebastian Vettel three times , and Valentino Rossi five times ) and being the only motorsport athlete to have won the award more than once .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fernando Alonso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Sebastian Vettel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 149]}, {"entity": "Valentino Rossi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He supports a hospital for child victims of war in Sarajevo , which specialises in caring for amputees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarajevo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Deutsche Vermögensberatung paid him $ 8 \" million over three years from 1999 for wearing a 10 by 8 centimetre advertisement on his post-race cap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deutsche Vermögensberatung", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is reported to have muscle atrophy and osteoporosis from six years of bed confinement .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score was recreated by Ian Gardiner in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Gardiner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1929 he played the solo part in the premiere of William Walton 's viola concerto , after Lionel Tertis , for whom it was written , turned it down .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Walton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Lionel Tertis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some condemned his music as \" degenerate \" ( largely based on his early , sexually charged operas such as \" Sancta Susanna \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sancta Susanna", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1930 s , he made a visit to Cairo and several to Ankara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Ankara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mingling at the party , they perform the first verses with a barbecue cookout and a game of volleyball nearby .", "entity": [{"entity": "barbecue", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FIFA required that host stadiums have natural grass .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stars who competed included Parry O'Brien , Ray Norton , Al Cantello , Hayes Jones , Tamara Press , Vasili Kuznetsov , Dyrol Burleson , Greg Bell , a young Wilma Rudolph , and future long-jump great Igor Ter-Ovanesyan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parry O'Brien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Ray Norton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Al Cantello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Hayes Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Tamara Press", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Vasili Kuznetsov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Dyrol Burleson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Greg Bell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "Wilma Rudolph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 169]}, {"entity": "Igor Ter-Ovanesyan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's main character , played by Bruce Willis , plays a security guard at the stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This film is the first commercial feature-length production in Zulu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zulu", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 23 April 2008 , Miles Leonard was confirmed as the label 's president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miles Leonard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some neighborhoods are in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Monica Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had one son , politician Y. S. Jagan Mohan , and one daughter , Y. S. Sharmila .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y. S. Jagan Mohan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "Y. S. Sharmila", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Turin club paid US $ 400,000 ( about € 454 K ) to buy the duo 's image and registration rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2009 , he signed a 3-year contract with Lanciano as a free agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanciano", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first season , he only made 14 league appearances , but in 2010 – 11 season , he started a successive 5 league games for the team , as one of the strikers in a 4 - 3 - 3 formation , along with Luís Gabriel Sacilotto to partner with Umberto Improta or Francesco Di Gennaro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luís Gabriel Sacilotto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 222]}, {"entity": "Umberto Improta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [239, 254]}, {"entity": "Francesco Di Gennaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [258, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are members of the Council of Fashion Designers of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Council of Fashion Designers of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were fashion dolls of her made by Mattel from 2000 to 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , she had a recurring role on television show , \" Weeds \" , and the twins said that if they became involved in movies together again , it would be as producers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weeds", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , they made news by signing a pledge to allow all the workers that sew their line of clothing in Bangladesh full maternity leave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The twins are now the creative directors for Superga .", "entity": [{"entity": "Superga", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In her mid-to-late 20 s , while living in the Florida Keys , she took a six-week class to train to be a flight attendant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida Keys", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A memorial service was held in Los Angeles on June 22 , 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metro station is named after the train station next to the terminal , which lies on the border of the districts Kőbánya and Kispest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kőbánya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "Kispest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bust of Ferenc Puskás is placed next to the shopping mall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferenc Puskás", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His taller friend , Harvest Leroy Smith , was the only sophomore to make the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvest Leroy Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 , he accepted a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , where he majored in cultural geography .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the end , he accepted the spot of Vince Carter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vince Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing , Sam Perkins , Chris Mullin , Steve Alford , and Wayman Tisdale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Knight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Patrick Ewing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Sam Perkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Chris Mullin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Steve Alford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Wayman Tisdale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Nike , Coca-Cola , Chevrolet , Gatorade , McDonald 's , Ball Park Franks , Rayovac , Wheaties , Hanes , and MCI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nike", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Coca-Cola", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Chevrolet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Gatorade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "McDonald 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Ball Park Franks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "Rayovac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Wheaties", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "Hanes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "MCI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the songs the three wrote , \" Long Shot \" , would go on to be recorded by Kelly Clarkson on her 2009 album \" All I Ever Wanted \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Shot", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Kelly Clarkson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "All I Ever Wanted", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has a Ph.D. in theoretical astrophysics and \" logged over 100 hours in enemy airspace \" during the Gulf War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the casting process of \" Stargate SG-1 \" , the producers were looking for an actress who could portray a strong woman whom the audience would accept as a soldier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stargate SG-1", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also became the club 's youngest goalscorer the following season with an 88th - minute goal in a 2 – 1 home defeat by Watford on 15 November 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent the latter part of that season on loan at Colchester United from March–May 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 25 , he was called up to the majors to start the second half of a doubleheader in Yankee Stadium against the Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yankee Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 22 , he took another no-hitter into the ninth inning against the Colorado Rockies before giving up a hit to Dexter Fowler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Dexter Fowler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not allow a hit for 8 innings against the Minnesota Twins , before finally surrendering a single to Joe Mauer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Joe Mauer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He showed signs of turning the season around in June , allowing zero runs in back-to-back starts against the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attracted scouts from the New York Yankees and the Cincinnati Reds , but an injury ended his baseball career .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first appearance at Madison Square Garden , defeating Ted DiBiase after a bearhug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Ted DiBiase", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the long run , however , both announcements were false and merely done as a publicity stunt attempting to draw some of the hype of Jesse Ventura 's Minnesota gubernatorial win back to him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jesse Ventura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com commercials and Miley Cyrus ' \" Wrecking Ball \" music video .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miley Cyrus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Wrecking Ball", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He starred in his own television series , \" Thunder in Paradise \" , in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thunder in Paradise", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also appeared on \" Suddenly Susan \" in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suddenly Susan", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have a daughter Brooke ( born May 5 , 1988 ) and a son Nick ( born July 27 , 1990 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Nick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I accepted Christ as my savior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 20 , 2019 , it was announced that Chris Hemsworth would portray him in a biopic , directed by Todd Phillips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Hemsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Todd Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a television sportscaster for the CBS network .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the season , Ray Perkins resigned as head coach to take over the same position at the University of Alabama , and was replaced by the team 's defensive coordinator Bill Parcells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Perkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "University of Alabama", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 117]}, {"entity": "Bill Parcells", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon his release , co-owner Wellington Mara called it \" a day of overwhelming sadness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wellington Mara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also worked with Armen Keteyian , Bonnie Bernstein and Lesley Visser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Armen Keteyian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Bonnie Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Lesley Visser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman , Aaron Eckhart , Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton , and Colm Feore .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Woo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Ben Affleck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Uma Thurman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Aaron Eckhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "Paul Giamatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Michael C. Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "Joe Morton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "Colm Feore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Records which was run by Bob Krasnow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Krasnow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their first single on his label , \" River Deep – Mountain High \" , was released in May 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "River Deep – Mountain High", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album produced their charted cover of Otis Redding 's \" I 've Been Loving You Too Long \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otis Redding", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "I 've Been Loving You Too Long", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of the albums led to the revue headlining in Las Vegas where their shows were attended by a variety of celebrities including David Bowie , Sly Stone , Janis Joplin , Cher , James Brown , Ray Charles , Elton John , and Elvis Presley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "David Bowie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Sly Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "Janis Joplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "Cher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "James Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "Ray Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 210]}, {"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [213, 223]}, {"entity": "Elvis Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1976 , they headlined at the Waldorf Astoria New York and signed a television deal with CBS-TV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waldorf Astoria New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 56]}, {"entity": "CBS-TV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , she was diagnosed with intestinal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President George W. Bush commented on her \" natural skill , the energy , and sensuality \" , and referred to her legs as \" the most famous in show business \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Junctions 1A – 5 are in Kent , 6 – 14 are in Surrey , 15 – 16 are in Buckinghamshire , 17 – 25 are in Hertfordshire , and 26 – 31 are in Essex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Buckinghamshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "Hertfordshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "Essex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary destinations signed ahead on the motorway include the Dartford Crossing , Sevenoaks , Gatwick Airport , Heathrow Airport , Watford , Stansted Airport and Brentwood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dartford Crossing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "Sevenoaks", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "Gatwick Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "Heathrow Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 128]}, {"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Stansted Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "Brentwood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative route via Harrow and Ealing was proposed , but this was abandoned after the council revealed the extent of property demolition required .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harrow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Ealing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Minister for Transport John Hayes criticised the work and the resulting traffic problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Hayes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through her mother 's marriage , she is the stepdaughter of musician Kelly Nickels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kelly Nickels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 19 , and was released on September 25 , in a limited release and through video on demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tribeca Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2013 , while they were staying at a hotel in Montreal , Quebec , someone overheard a dispute coming from their room and called the police .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , the company was sold to Pearson for £ 62 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pearson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The play was directed by Brian Gilbert and produced by Daniel Jewel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Daniel Jewel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple had houses in St John 's Wood , London , and the hamlet of Great Haseley , Oxfordshire , as well as a property in Barbados .", "entity": [{"entity": "St John 's Wood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Great Haseley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Oxfordshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Barbados", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mayor is Michelle Kaufusi , who has been in office since December 5 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michelle Kaufusi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt Lake City International Airport is the closest international airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt Lake City International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another earlier version of the story was set in Seattle , Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marlon Brando was considered for the role , but was never formally approached .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marlon Brando", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TV Guide \" and \" Vanity Fair \" also included the film on their lists of the 50 best movies .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Vanity Fair", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The candy also contained the following flavors : cherry , orange , lemon , lime , and blue raspberry .", "entity": [{"entity": "cherry", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "orange", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "lemon", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "lime", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Rio de Janeiro shortly after suffering a stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rio de Janeiro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomas Kuhn argues that as science progresses , explanations tend to become more complex before a paradigm shift offers radical simplification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Kuhn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first six series were released on VHS , but have never been released on DVD due to an issue with Television South 's licensing rights , which affects most of their back catalogue of programming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Television South", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Again , the remaining six series were released on DVD in the United States on 24 June 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That Summer he won the World Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became instantly popular and was put on a match against Masakatsu Funaki next .", "entity": [{"entity": "Masakatsu Funaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September , he formed a short-lived stable with Mankind and The Rock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mankind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "The Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took off the mask and it was revealed to be Sami Callihan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sami Callihan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then signed by George Graham for Arsenal in a £ 1.2 million deal in July 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However some artists and their works , such as Bob Ross , continue to be excluded , no matter how popular they may be .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before 28 October 2011 , Oman was divided into five regions ( \" mintaqah \" ) and four governorates ( \" muhafazah \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and to congressman and abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thaddeus Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy 's gallery , which is open to the public .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania College of Art and Design", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Lancaster Symphony Orchestra has been performing since 1947 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lancaster Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the St. Louis Cardinals for a majority of his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played for the Minnesota Twins , Philadelphia Phillies , New York Mets , and the San Francisco Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capital Bamako is administered separately and is in its own district .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bamako", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "IG Farben", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is often applied to cotton , rice and fruit trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insufficient oxygen will lead to cerebral hypoxia and permanent brain damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral hypoxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral neuropathy including paralysis is noticed as late sequelae after recovery from acute intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on animal studies , parathion is considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be a possible human carcinogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doctors conclude that the plague is to blame .", "entity": [{"entity": "plague", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "as it declared bankruptcy in order to evade copyright infringement suits from Bram Stoker 's widow Florence Balcombe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bram Stoker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Florence Balcombe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For cost reasons , cameraman Fritz Arno Wagner only had one camera available , and therefore there was only one original negative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Arno Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly before the premiere , an advertisement campaign was placed in issue 21 of the magazine \" , with a summary , scene and work photographs , production reports , and essays , including a treatment on vampirism by Albin Grau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albin Grau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 97 % based on 63 reviews , with an average rating of 9.05 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2015 , another remake was announced with Robert Eggers writing and directing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Eggers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although as a composer he is known chiefly for his light works , as a conductor he presented a wide range of operas , from Mozart to Richard Strauss , and he acquired a reputation as a conductor of Wagner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mozart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Richard Strauss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 148]}, {"entity": "Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He turned down W. S. Gilbert 's offer of a collaboration , and wrote only two stage works between 1898 and 1914 .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. S. Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He sued the BBC for breach of copyright for broadcasting his works without his consent .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Fortunio \" ( 1907 ) was a rare example in his oeuvre of a sung-through opera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fortunio", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others whose verse he set ranged widely , from Victor Hugo to Frederic Weatherly ( author of among other things \" Danny Boy \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Hugo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Frederic Weatherly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "Danny Boy", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For forty years he carried aloft the torch kindled by Adolphe Adam in 1834 ; after his death it soon flickered out \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolphe Adam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recent examples include Mady Mesplé , Susan Graham , and Felicity Lott .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mady Mesplé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Susan Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Felicity Lott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine is beneficial in reducing the symptom of shortness of breath due to both cancer and noncancer causes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical studies consistently conclude that morphine , like other opioids , often causes hypogonadism and hormone imbalances in chronic users of both sexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypogonadism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect may cause the increased likelihood of osteoporosis and bone fracture observed in chronic morphine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "bone fracture", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of cognitive abilities , one study has shown that morphine may have a negative impact on anterograde and retrograde memory , but these effects are minimal and transient .", "entity": [{"entity": "anterograde", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "retrograde memory", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psychological dependence associated with morphine addiction is complex and protracted .", "entity": [{"entity": "addiction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large overdose can cause asphyxia and death by respiratory depression if the person does not receive medical attention immediately .", "entity": [{"entity": "asphyxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1970 s and ' 80 s , evidence suggesting that opioid drug addicts show increased risk of infection ( such as increased pneumonia , tuberculosis , and HIV / AIDS ) led scientists to believe that morphine may also affect the immune system .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "HIV / AIDS", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since cytokines are produced as part of the immediate immunological response ( inflammation ) , it has been suggested that they may also influence pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normally , cytokine production in and around the wounded area increases in order to fight infection and control healing ( and , possibly , to control pain ) , but pre-incisional morphine administration ( 0.1 \" mg / kg to 10.0 \" mg / kg ) reduced the number of cytokines found around the wound in a dose-dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elimination half-life of morphine is approximately 120 \" min , though there may be slight differences between men and women .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in opium , the dried latex extracted by shallowly scoring the unripe seedpods of the \" Papaver somniferum \" poppy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Papaver somniferum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [130, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like codeine , dihydrocodeine and other ( especially older ) opiates , morphine has been used as the salicylate salt by some suppliers and can be easily compounded , imparting the therapeutic advantage of both the opioid and the NSAID ; multiple barbiturate salts of morphine were also used in the past , as was / is morphine valerate , the salt of the acid being the active principle of valerian .", "entity": [{"entity": "valerian", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [388, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later it was found that morphine was more addictive than either alcohol or opium , and its extensive use during the American Civil War allegedly resulted in over 400,000 sufferers from the \" soldier 's disease \" of morphine addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [116, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human cells that form in reaction to cancerous neuroblastoma cells have been found to contain trace amounts of endogenous morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franz von Suppé is remembered mainly for his overtures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franz von Suppé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ivan Kerzelli , Vasily Pashkevich and Yevstigney Fomin also wrote a series of successful comic operas in the 18th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan Kerzelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Vasily Pashkevich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "Yevstigney Fomin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov composed \" May Night \" 1878&ndash ; 1879 and \" The Golden Cockerel \" 1906&ndash ; 1907 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "May Night", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "The Golden Cockerel", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His two most successful pieces , out of more than half a dozen hits , were \" Babes in Toyland \" ( 1903 ) and \" Naughty Marietta \" ( 1910 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Babes in Toyland", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "Naughty Marietta", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others who wrote in a similar vein included Reginald de Koven , John Philip Sousa , Sigmund Romberg and Rudolf Friml .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reginald de Koven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "John Philip Sousa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "Sigmund Romberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Rudolf Friml", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "co-starring Madhuri Dixit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madhuri Dixit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former was a comedy directed by David Dhawan where he played a dual role of twins separated at birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Dhawan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 \" billion club in India on Eid .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Eid", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is now brand ambassador for Pepsi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pepsi", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fruit is a drupe containing one or two seeds .", "entity": [{"entity": "drupe", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most species are plants of well-drained , acid , sandy or sandstone-based soils that are low in nutrients , although one , \" Persoonia graminea \" , grows in swampy habitats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Persoonia graminea", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [125, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three species ( \" P. acicularis \" , \" P. bowgada \" and \" P. hexagona \" ) tolerate mildly calcareous soils , and several south eastern species sometimes grow on basalt-derived soils , and but these are unusual .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. acicularis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "P. bowgada", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "P. hexagona", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most eye-catching of these are the four “ paper-barked ” species : \" P. falcata \" , \" P. levis \" , \" P. linearis \" and \" P. longifolia \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. falcata", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "P. levis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "P. linearis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "P. longifolia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Branch resprouters with less conspicuous protective bark include \" P. amaliae \" , \" P. elliptica \" , \" P. katerae \" and \" P. stradbrokensis \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. amaliae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "P. elliptica", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "P. katerae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "P. stradbrokensis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [122, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high-performance computing cluster ( HPC ) at the Carnegie Institution for Science is named \" Memex \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Institution for Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intermediate inheritance was first examined by Carl Correns in Mirabilis jalapa he used for further genetic experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Correns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Mirabilis jalapa", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antirrhinum majus also shows intermediate inheritance of the pigmentation of the blossoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antirrhinum majus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals can develop a recessive trait in the phenotype dependent on their sex - for example , colour blindness and haemophilia ( see gonosomal inheritances ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "colour blindness", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "haemophilia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heritable traits that result from infection with foreign particles have also been identified in \" Drosophila \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this process is usually associated with viruses , recent research has shown that the \" Wolbachia \" bacterium is also capable of inserting its genome into that of its host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolbachia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the functional allele originated from the mother , the offspring will exhibit dwarfism , whereas a paternal allele will generate a normal-sized mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "dwarfism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prominent trinucleotide repeat disorders include Fragile X syndrome and Huntington 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fragile X syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Huntington 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [72, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volcano gives its name to the province of Tungurahua .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tungurahua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed a minor league contract with the Detroit Tigers on February 16 , 2005 and became a free agent at the end of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has at times been used as an adjunct to SSRI antidepressants as there is some evidence that it counteracts certain side effects of those drugs , such as reduced libido and anorgasmia .", "entity": [{"entity": "anorgasmia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , a systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that prophylactic treatment with cabergoline reduces the incidence , but not the severity , of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) , without compromising pregnancy outcomes , in females undergoing stimulated cycles of in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [158, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As with other ergot derivatives , pleuritis , exudative pleura disease , pleura fibrosis , lung fibrosis , and pericarditis are seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "pericarditis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ingestion with food does not alter its absorption rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human elimination half-life is estimated to be 63 to 68 hours in patients with Parkinson 's disease and 79 to 115 hours in patients with pituitary tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1972 , he joined the youth team of Sarajevo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarajevo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unlucky own goal and some brilliance from football legend Lionel Messi saw them to a defeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lionel Messi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Pogostemon \" is a large genus from the family Lamiaceae , first described as a genus in 1815 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamiaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is native to warmer parts of Asia , Africa , and Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best known member of this genus is patchouli , \" Pogostemon cablin \" , widely cultivated in Asia for its scented foliage , used for perfume , incense , insect repellent , herbal tea , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "patchouli", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "herbal tea", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its waters belong to the Indian Ocean and both banks are part of the province of West Sumatra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "West Sumatra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R&B singer Chantay Savage covered the song in 1996 as a ballad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chantay Savage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared at the Mariposa Folk Festival and began to develop a reputation as a songwriter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mariposa Folk Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was composed and performed by Aengus Finnan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aengus Finnan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song \" If You Could Read My Mind \" was written in reflection upon his disintegrating marriage .", "entity": [{"entity": "If You Could Read My Mind", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [11, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's debut album , \" Blunted on Reality , \" was released in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blunted on Reality", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His third album , \" Masquerade \" , was released in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Masquerade", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modafinil is a eugeroic used for treatment of narcolepsy , shift work sleep disorder , and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea .", "entity": [{"entity": "narcolepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "shift work sleep disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "excessive daytime sleepiness", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [91, 119]}, {"entity": "obstructive sleep apnea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [136, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Kingdom 's Ministry of Defence commissioned research into modafinil from QinetiQ and spent £ 300,000 on one investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Ministry of Defence", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , the Indian Air Force announced that modafinil was included in contingency plans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mainland China , modafinil is strictly controlled like other stimulants , such as amphetamines and methylphenidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modafinil has been used off-label in trials with people with symptoms of post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment , also known as \" chemobrain \" , but a 2011 review found that it was no better than placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [73, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Gabès , Tunisia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabès", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Tunisia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The salsifies are mostly natives of Europe and Asia , but several species have been introduced into North America and Australia and have spread widely there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These species , the western salsify ( \" T. dubius \" ) , the meadow salsify ( \" T. pratensis \" ) , and the oyster plant ( \" T. porrifolius \" ) , are now common in urban areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "T. dubius", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "T. porrifolius", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1950 s , botanists found two new species in the regions of Idaho and Washington , where the three already known species overlapped .", "entity": [{"entity": "Idaho", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first hit was an RBI single off Jim Brosnan of the Cincinnati Reds on April 21 , 1962 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Brosnan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "45 's ( with Dick LeMay ) for infielder Joey Amalfitano .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick LeMay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Joey Amalfitano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first career home run was hit off Chris Short of the Philadelphia Phillies on May 26 , 1964 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Short", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He ended his playing career holding the all-time major league record for career pinch-hits ( 150 ) , which has since been broken by Mark Sweeney and Lenny Harris , an overall lifetime batting average of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Sweeney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Lenny Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His political career spanned several decades , and his most prominent position was a seven-year stint as House Speaker Newt Gingrich 's press secretary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newt Gingrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carl Foreman wrote a screenplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Foreman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late 1983 it was announced Dino de Laurentiis had the rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dino de Laurentiis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sean Connery turned down the lead role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean Connery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert called it \" the embodiment of those old movie posters where the title is hewn from solid rock and tiny figures scale it with cannons strapped to their backs , while the bosoms of their women heave in the foreground .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotterdam was inaccessible because of ice , and they were forced to land at the small village of Ter Heijde , and walk through the frosty countryside until met by coaches to take them to Huis Honselaarsdijk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Ter Heijde", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Huis Honselaarsdijk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 14 December , they made a formal entry to The Hague in a grand procession .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , she was criticised by Sarah Churchill among others , for appearing cold to her father 's plight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Churchill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late 1694 , however , she contracted smallpox .", "entity": [{"entity": "smallpox", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 5 March , she was buried at Westminster Abbey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 he adapted it into a stage play , which starred Maggie Smith and was directed by Nicholas Hytner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maggie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Hytner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Ronald Eyre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Eyre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father , L. Nelson Bell , was a general surgeon .", "entity": [{"entity": "L. Nelson Bell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1945 ) , an inspirational speaker and author ; Anne Graham Lotz ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anne Graham Lotz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared as a guest on a 1969 Woody Allen television special , where he joined the comedian in a witty exchange on theological matters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woody Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novelist Patricia Cornwell , a family friend , also opposed burial at the library , calling it a tourist attraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patricia Cornwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was unable to attend the state funeral of Ronald Reagan on June 11 , 2004 , as he was recovering from hip replacement surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was mentioned by George W. Bush in his eulogy .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The idea received even more impetus when the Daughters of the American Revolution took up the cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daughters of the American Revolution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Calvin Coolidge signed the measure into law on May 24 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calvin Coolidge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some elements of the proposed final parkway configuration - such as the concrete bridge that would have carried northbound traffic at the Glen Echo turn-around - were built but have never been used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glen Echo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also the seat of the University of Ioannina .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Ioannina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of the site with one of the ancient cities of Epirus has not yet been possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epirus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of Ioannina was funded in 1970 ; until then , higher education faculties in the city had been part of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Ioannina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost all of the people deported were murdered on or shortly after 11 April 1944 , when the train carrying them reached Auschwitz-Birkenau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auschwitz-Birkenau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The university was founded in 1964 , as a charter of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and became an independent university in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2008 , he starred with Bradley Whitford and Neve Campbell in \" Burn Up \" playing an oil executive who becomes embroiled in the politics surrounding global warming and oil stocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradley Whitford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "Neve Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Burn Up", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was directed by Alan Rickman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Rickman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Barbara Hershey as a single mother in Los Angeles who is raped and tormented by an invisible assailant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara Hershey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of the special effects in the film were achieved with practical methods , and were supervised by Stan Winston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Winston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another novel , \" A Fairy Tale of New York \" , provided the title of the song \" Fairytale of New York \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Fairy Tale of New York", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "Fairytale of New York", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [80, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until the age of four , he lived with his maternal grandparents in Cardiff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While they lived , he saw W. \" V. Quine and Arthur Prior as his allies , in that they held three truths : that there are no non-existent beings ; that a proposition can occur in discourse without being there asserted ; and that the sense of a term does not depend on the truth of the proposition in which it occurs .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. \" V. Quine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Arthur Prior", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His wife and occasional collaborator was the philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Anscombe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was to be directed by Nicholas Ray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicholas Ray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon her death , the Associated Press reported she was survived by her daughter , sister and brother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Associated Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film starred Barry Bostwick , Persis Khambatta , Michael Beck , Edward Mulhare , George Furth , Evan C. Kim , Ralph Wilcox , Robert Fuller and Henry Silva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Bostwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Persis Khambatta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Michael Beck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Edward Mulhare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "George Furth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Evan C. Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Ralph Wilcox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "Robert Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Henry Silva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film had no credited costume designer ; all the clothes were designed by the toy company Mattel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequel would have shifted to a tropical setting and was to have been filmed in the Virgin Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virgin Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its commercial featured Bryan Cranston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bryan Cranston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His comeback , to not only the pitch , but also the starting lineup , was on 29 April 2007 , against Athletic Bilbao .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athletic Bilbao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He rescinded his contract on 1 March , after two competitive games for the team from Brasília , due to a recurring knee injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brasília", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X later in life or never knew him , including Ta-Nehisi Coates , Maulana Karenga , Ilyasah Shabazz , and Raymond Winbush .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ta-Nehisi Coates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Maulana Karenga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Ilyasah Shabazz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "Raymond Winbush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critic Roger Ebert and film director Martin Scorsese included the film among their lists as one of the ten best films of the 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "Martin Scorsese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where he was a roommate of producer Paul Schiff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Schiff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left the show in September 2008 , and was succeeded in the role by Greg Germann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Germann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional roles were played by Dianne Wiest , Anthony Michael Hall , Kathy Baker , Vincent Price and Alan Arkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dianne Wiest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Anthony Michael Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "Kathy Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Vincent Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "Alan Arkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rick Heinrichs worked as one of the art directors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rick Heinrichs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various cereals are malted , though barley is the most common .", "entity": [{"entity": "barley", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specialty caramel or crystal malts have been subjected to heat treatment to convert their starches to sugars nonenzymatically .", "entity": [{"entity": "caramel", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its production begins by germinating barley grain in a process known as \" malting \" , immersing barley in water to encourage the grain to sprout , then drying the barley to halt the progress when the sprouting begins .", "entity": [{"entity": "barley", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While at the latter , he attracted the attention of Manchester United scout Billy Behan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "Billy Behan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was bailed and appeared at Tullamore district court on 17 July .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tullamore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "division under Don Logan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Logan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acquisition also includes Rotten Tomatoes , a movie review aggregator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The property was placed under the control of the Turner Sports division .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turner Sports", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 15 , 2017 , the merger was approved by the European Commission .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All eight songs are credited as compositions of guitarist Robbie Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robbie Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All songs written and composed by Robbie Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robbie Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , a \" mojito \" is a cocktail that consists of five ingredients : white rum , sugar ( traditionally sugar cane juice ) , lime juice , soda water , and mint .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocktail", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "soda water", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "mint", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its combination of sweetness , citrus , and herbaceous mint flavors is intended to complement the rum , and has made the mojito a popular summer drink .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrus", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was one of the last works to be featured on \" Mystery Science Theater 3000 \" s original run ( although its airing was delayed due to rights issues ) , the hosts and writers of which used the sloppy editing on the second subplot , the nigh-total disconnection between the two halves of the movie , and the wildly varying tone of the film ( which is presented as though it were a family-friendly fantasy , but frequently features horrific incidents , something made even more disturbing by the fact that the halves of the film are stories that a grandfather is telling a little boy ) as the basis for many of the jokes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mystery Science Theater 3000", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colonel Richard Gridley became General George Washington 's first chief engineer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Gridley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}, {"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his first tasks was to build fortifications near Boston at Bunker Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Bunker Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work currently includes support for rebuilding Iraq , establishing Afghanistan infrastructure , and supporting international and inter-agency services .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This runoff water eventually runs into the Niagara River and Lake Ontario , sources of drinking water to millions of people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niagara River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Lake Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Polish Home Army developed a version which ignited on impact without the need of a wick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish Home Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Bangladesh during anti government protests at the time of the 2014 national election , many buses and cars were targeted with petrol bombs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the elder brother of graphic artist MacDonald \" Max \" Gill ( 1884 – 1947 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MacDonald \" Max \" Gill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1897 the family moved to Chichester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chichester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same year , he met the typographer Stanley Morison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Morison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took on a number of apprentices , including David Kindersley , who in turn became a successful sculptor and engraver , and his nephew , John Skelton , noted as an important letterer and sculptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Kindersley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "John Skelton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His personal diaries reveal that his religious beliefs did not limit his sexual activity , which included several extramarital affairs , incestuous sexual abuse of his two eldest teenage daughters , incestuous relationships with his sisters , and sexual acts on his dog .", "entity": [{"entity": "sexual acts on his dog", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [247, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Never Let Me Go \" has science fiction qualities and a futuristic tone ; however , it is set in the 1980 s and 1990 s , and takes place in a parallel world very similar to ours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Never Let Me Go", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has served as one of the presenters on \" BBC Sports Personality of the Year \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC Sports Personality of the Year", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guests so far have included Lewis Hamilton , Tom Daley , Mike Tyson , Martina Navratilova , Frankie Dettori , Judy Murray and Ronnie O'Sullivan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Tom Daley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Mike Tyson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Martina Navratilova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "Frankie Dettori", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Judy Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Ronnie O'Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The closest railway stations to the portals are Altdorf and Biasca .", "entity": [{"entity": "Altdorf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Biasca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Larenz Tate , Keith David , Chris Tucker , Freddy Rodriguez , N'Bushe Wright , and Bokeem Woodbine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larenz Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Keith David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Chris Tucker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Freddy Rodriguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "N'Bushe Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Bokeem Woodbine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 44 % of critics gave the film a positive rating , based on 32 reviews with an average score of 5.7 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "USARF was composed of students from Kenya , Zambia , Malawi , Zimbabwe , Ethiopia , Sudan , Tanzania , Uganda and elsewhere in Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Zambia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Malawi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Ethiopia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "Sudan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Tanzania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Uganda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Pagan , who became king in 1846 , executed thousands – some sources say as many as 6,000 – of his wealthier and more influential subjects on trumped-up charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1852 , the Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Anglo-Burmese War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynasty came to an end in 1885 with the forced abdication and exile of the king and the royal family to India .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ceremony involved the feeding of betel , mixed with camphor and other ingredients .", "entity": [{"entity": "betel", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King Mindon Min was the first to break tradition ; his remains were not cremated , but instead were buried intact , according to his wishes , at the place where his tomb now stands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mindon Min", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign observers such as Michael Symes remarked on widespread literacy among commoners , from peasants to watermen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Symes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company promised an $ 8 million per year profit for city schools if it were allowed to sell its drinks , including juice and bottled water , in school vending machines .", "entity": [{"entity": "bottled water", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snapple was the official beverage sponsor of \" America 's Got Talent \" from season 7 to season 9 of the NBC show .", "entity": [{"entity": "America 's Got Talent", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Yomiuri Giants released him after the incident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yomiuri Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river 's salmon population is currently undergoing restoration after seeing strong declines in the 1980 s following an infestation with the salmon parasite \" Gyrodactylus salaris \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "salmon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As many other infested rivers , the river Rauma is experiencing an increase in the population of sea trout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rauma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river flows through the Romsdalen valley , which features some of the most spectacular scenery in the entire country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romsdalen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His draft rights were traded to the Dallas Mavericks , along with $ 300,000 cash , in exchange for the draft rights to Vassilis Spanoulis , before being traded to the Golden State Warriors , on August 24 , 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas Mavericks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Vassilis Spanoulis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 137]}, {"entity": "Golden State Warriors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since February 2017 , Fuse is currently airing reruns of the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fuse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Heide Göttner-Abendroth , a reluctance to accept the existence of matriarchies might be based on a specific culturally biased notion of how to define matriarchy : because in a patriarchy men rule over women , a matriarchy has frequently been conceptualized as women ruling over men , while she believed that matriarchies are egalitarian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heide Göttner-Abendroth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The notion of matriarchy was defined by Joseph-François Lafitau ( 1681 – 1746 ) , who first named it \" ginécocratie \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph-François Lafitau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their works , Johann Jakob Bachofen and Lewis Morgan ( others being \" mainly \" androcratic \" \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Jakob Bachofen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "Lewis Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Possibly , queenship , because of the power wielded by men in leadership and assisting a queen , leads to queen bee syndrome , contributing to the difficulty of other women in becoming heads of the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "queen bee syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [108, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthropologist Donald Brown 's list of human cultural universals ( \" viz. \" , features shared by nearly all current human societies ) includes men being the \" dominant element \" in public political affairs , which he asserts is the contemporary opinion of mainstream anthropology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charlotte Perkins Gilman , in 1911 and 1914 , argued for \" a woman-centered , or better mother-centered , world \" and described government by women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Perkins Gilman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The social structure of European bison herds has also been described by specialists as a matriarchy – the cows of the group lead it as the entire herd follows them to grazing areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "European bison", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 , the Disney Channel produced a film with the same name , which was not a remake in as much a spiritual sequel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disney Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Absent-Minded Professor \" has been remade as a 1997 theatrical film titled , \" Flubber , \" with Robin Williams as the renamed Prof .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flubber", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2010 , her version of \" All That Jazz \" was used on \" So You Think You Can Dance \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "All That Jazz", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "So You Think You Can Dance", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , the franchise had little going for it other than star pitcher Walter Johnson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He twice entrusted 27-year - old players to manage his teams - Bucky Harris in and Joe Cronin in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucky Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Joe Cronin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , following a streak of poor results , on 11 May 2017 he was demoted to assistant of the newly appointed manager Zlatomir Zagorčić .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zlatomir Zagorčić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent two seasons in Bulgaria during which he was offered citizenship and a chance to play for the country 's national team - both of which he took .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His maternal grandfather was long-distance runner Harry Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a child he was the closest with his older brother Dean who was the nearest to him in age of all his older brothers , being three years his senior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His college grades became poorer as his interest in filmmaking waned ; he dedicated himself to professional wrestling and began training with his father 's Stampede Wrestling promotion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stampede Wrestling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In reality , he had suffered a groin injury at the hands of Dean Malenko in November and needed time off for surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dean Malenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sky Sports described his legacy as \" one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sky Sports", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of his brothers-in-law , Davey Boy Smith , and Jim Neidhart had successful careers in the business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davey Boy Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "Jim Neidhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 5 December 1998 he scored his first goal in professional football against Spartak Varna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spartak Varna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother Daniel Peev is also a professional footballer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Peev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of novel drug therapies against tuberculosis are particularly important given the growing problem of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [117, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also carries with it expressive and stylistic connotations : \" sonata style \" , for Donald Tovey and other theorists of his time , was characterized by drama , dynamism , and a \" psychological \" approach to theme and expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Tovey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is ironic that , at the same time that the form was being codified ( by the likes of Czerny and so forth ) , composers of the day were writing works that flagrantly violated some of the principles of the codified form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czerny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early binary sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti provide excellent examples of the transition from binary to sonata-allegro form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Domenico Scarlatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work of Heinrich Schenker and his ideas about \" foreground \" , \" middleground \" , and \" background \" became enormously influential in the teaching of composition and interpretation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heinrich Schenker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the recordings of Schnabel , from the beginning of modern recording , with those of Barenboim and then Pratt shows a distinct shift in how the structure of the sonata form is presented to the listener over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schnabel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Barenboim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "Pratt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Schoenberg and other theorists who used his ideas as a point of departure see the theme and variations as having an underlying role in the construction of formal music , calling the process \" continuing variation \" , and argue from this idea that the sonata-allegro form is a means of structuring the continuing variation process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schoenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the 1950 s onward , Hans Keller developed a ' two-dimensional ' method of analysis that explicitly considered form and structure from the point of view of \" listener expectations \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first , he directed his header past the keeper after Rafael da Silva 's mishit cross , and then he fired home Antonio Valencia 's pullback to level the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rafael da Silva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Antonio Valencia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 15 September , he made his home debut and scored twice in a 3 – 0 win against West Bromwich Albion .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is directed by Zack Snyder , written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer , and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck , Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Jesse Eisenberg , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Jeremy Irons , Holly Hunter , and Gal Gadot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zack Snyder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Chris Terrio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "David S. Goyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Ben Affleck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Henry Cavill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "Amy Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "Jesse Eisenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 183]}, {"entity": "Diane Lane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "Laurence Fishburne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 217]}, {"entity": "Jeremy Irons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [220, 232]}, {"entity": "Holly Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [235, 247]}, {"entity": "Gal Gadot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [254, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional filming also took place in Illinois and New Mexico , concluding that December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Christopher Nolan involved in an advisory role as executive producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Nolan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 28 % based on 422 reviews , with an average rating of 4.93 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his club debut against Palermo , playing the full match on 2 February 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palermo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 11 August 2007 , he made his debut for the club in a 0 – 2 away win against West Ham United at the Boleyn Ground , entering as a substitute for Rolando Bianchi in the 60th minute in league play .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "Boleyn Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "Rolando Bianchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first league goal in the 2 – 1 loss against Tottenham Hotspur on 16 May 2009 , four minutes after coming on as a substitute for compatriot Martin Petrov in the 61st minute away at White Hart Lane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "Martin Petrov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "White Hart Lane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 17 January 2013 , however , he signed with second-division side Vicenza on a separate six-month loan deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vicenza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored a goal on his unofficial debut on 7 February in a 2 – 4 loss in a friendly match against Czech side Teplice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "Teplice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 23 February 2020 , he was sent off before being able to make his debut ( while sitting on the substitutes ' bench against Crotone ) by the match referee for insulting language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crotone", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared for the first time in an official match on 4 March , after coming on as a second half substitute in the 0 – 2 away loss against Spezia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spezia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vladimir Putin condemned the pact as \" immoral \" but also defended it as a \" necessary evil \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Auschwitz , which began operating on 14 June 1940 , 1.1 \" million people perished .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auschwitz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party of Germany", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attacker , a supporter of the Communist Party , was detained after several minutes , but later released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His defining feature as an economist since 1990 has been his enthusiasm for free market economics , as exemplified by Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedrich Hayek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "Milton Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was widely seen as the outstanding violinist of his time and one of Niccolò Paganini 's greatest successors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niccolò Paganini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His friends included Hector Berlioz and Felix Mendelssohn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hector Berlioz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Felix Mendelssohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their technique of stir frying a portion of food ingredients in a little cooking oil over high heat in a wok ( 锅 ) are widely adopted .", "entity": [{"entity": "cooking oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Löb 's theorem is named for Martin Hugo Löb , who formulated it in 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Hugo Löb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Applying these techniques , Arthur Cayley found a general criterion for determining whether any given quintic is solvable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Cayley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 1835 , Jerrard demonstrated that quintics can be solved by using ultraradicals ( also known as Bring radicals ) , the unique real root of 0 for real numbers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerrard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in 1858 , Charles Hermite published the first known solution of this equation in terms of elliptic functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Hermite", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 11 , 2002 , he was signed as a free agent by the Vancouver Canucks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver Canucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The republic was changing after the fall of its leader , anti-Renaissance priest Girolamo Savonarola , who was executed in 1498 , and the rise of the \" gonfaloniere \" Piero Soderini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Girolamo Savonarola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "Piero Soderini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was at this time that he met the poet Vittoria Colonna , marchioness of Pescara , who was to become one of his closest friends until her death in 1547 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vittoria Colonna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Pescara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They included a design for the Capitoline Hill with its trapezoid piazza displaying the ancient bronze statue of Marcus Aurelius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capitoline Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Marcus Aurelius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is carved in shallow relief , a technique often employed by the master-sculptor of the early 15th century , Donatello , and others such as Desiderio da Settignano .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donatello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "Desiderio da Settignano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several other artists had worked on the scheme , beginning with Nicola Pisano in the 13th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicola Pisano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 15th century , the project was managed by Niccolò dell'Arca .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niccolò dell'Arca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His pupil Tiberio Calcagni repaired the arm and drilled a hole in which to fix a replacement leg which was not subsequently attached .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tiberio Calcagni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 19th century saw the presentation of twenty operas by Gioachino Rossini , while seven of Vincenzo Bellini 's ten operas were presented in the 1830 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gioachino Rossini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "Vincenzo Bellini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He initially worked in business , representing a firm in Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was once again a member of the government as Minister without Portfolio under Edward Heath from 1970 to 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Heath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a member of four World Series champion teams in 1972 , 1989 , 2006 , and 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midway through the 1965 season , Rick Monday joined the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rick Monday", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "259 batting average along with 10 home runs and 29 runs batted in as , he shared catching duties with Frank Fernández and Gene Tenace , who was called up to the major leagues late in the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Fernández", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "Gene Tenace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and later came out to the ring with his men , and attacked two jobbers after a match , one being Joey Maggs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joey Maggs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would be joined on the announce team by his long-time friend Jim Ross , who he had not done commentary with in over fifteen years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Comedy wrestling \" ( that which is deemed silly or goofy as opposed to serious ) has also been on the receiving end of his rants , with him routinely criticizing those he considers \" comedy wrestlers \" such as Joey Ryan , Kenny Omega , and Chuck Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joey Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 221]}, {"entity": "Kenny Omega", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [224, 235]}, {"entity": "Chuck Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [242, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They both now live in Locarno , Switzerland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Locarno", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1999 to 2000 , she was engaged to a fellow rapper , Kurupt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurupt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 2001 , she was engaged to Spragga Benz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spragga Benz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reportedly , her musical talent was discovered by composer David Foster , who produced her 2004 album .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Foster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played for the provincial team in the Currie Cup and Super 12 competitions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Currie Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Super 12", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film currently holds a 93 % rating based on 15 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After serving at sea during the Korean War he became a naval aviator , and graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School ( Class 23 ) , setting several world time-to-climb records as a test pilot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "U.S. Naval Test Pilot School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mission 's targeted landing site was the Descartes Highlands , and the crew conducted geologic surveys in volcanic fields to prepare for their EVAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Descartes Highlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After releasing their holiday album \" 8 Days of Christmas \" in October 2001 , the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 Days of Christmas", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In it , she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson , Jamie Foxx , and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Hudson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "Jamie Foxx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Eddie Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "Diana Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her feature-length documentary film , \" Life Is But a Dream \" , first aired on HBO on February 16 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Life Is But a Dream", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Ava DuVernay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ava DuVernay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was one of only three women on that list , along with Alicia Keys and Taylor Swift .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alicia Keys", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Taylor Swift", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" She admires Diana Ross as an \" all-around entertainer \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diana Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Whitney Houston , who she said \" inspired me to get up there and do what she did .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whitney Houston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and by singer Josephine Baker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josephine Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and has described Oprah Winfrey as \" the definition of inspiration and a strong woman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oprah Winfrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , it was added to the \" Oxford English Dictionary \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford English Dictionary", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has been recreated by many other artists since , such as Frank Ocean and Melanie Martinez .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Ocean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Melanie Martinez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has since bought out Topshop owner Philip Green from his 50 % share after he was alleged to have sexually harassed , bullied and racially abused employees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topshop", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Philip Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muslim rulers from in and around the region long tried to take the city and keep it in their control , and thus , much like most of the Hejaz region , the city has seen several regime changes , which owes to its rich history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hejaz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is instead served by the King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah ( approx .", "entity": [{"entity": "King Abdulaziz International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 64]}, {"entity": "Jeddah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the lowest in the Hejaz region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hejaz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first such recorded example of a non-Muslim entering the city is that of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna in 1503 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ludovico di Varthema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "Bologna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This score ranks her second on the all-time heptathlon points score list , behind Jackie Joyner-Kersee who set the world record of 7,291 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Joyner-Kersee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She currently lives in Norrköping together with her husband Patrik Klüft , who is a former pole vaulter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norrköping", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Patrik Klüft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is part of Reebok 's \" I am what I am \" advertising campaign along with several other sports stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reebok", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She jumped 6.33 metres but was almost 60 centimetres behind gold medalist Ineta Radēviča of Latvia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ineta Radēviča", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Latvia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1964 the play was made into a successful film , starring Peter O'Toole and Richard Burton with John Gielgud , Donald Wolfit and Martita Hunt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter O'Toole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Richard Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "John Gielgud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "Donald Wolfit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "Martita Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional scenes were written by Edward Anhalt for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Anhalt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then tried to join a freight company heading for Santa Fe as a muleskinner , but was told they had a full complement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Fe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved on to Wisconsin to investigate lead-mining , but found all the best claims already staked by the large mining companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other siblings lived in Gonzales and in Walker County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gonzales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Walker County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following Luis Aparicio 's retirement , he battled Mario Guerrero for the starting shortstop job in spring training .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Aparicio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Mario Guerrero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "293 with three home runs , 52 RBIs and 80 runs scored , and was second to Jim Rice among team hit leaders with 194 base hits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with backing up Dick Schofield at short , he appeared in 38 games as a designated hitter , and played second and third base for the first time since his rookie season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Schofield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the season , he signed as a free agent with the Baltimore Orioles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was an A 's coach in and a member of the Boston Red Sox staff the next two seasons , ( – ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1917 , he exercised less influence as his political rival Georges Clemenceau had become Prime Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georges Clemenceau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being from Lorraine , whether he was a \" revancharde \" ( revanchist ) is disputed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorraine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother , Lucien Poincaré ( 1862 – 1920 ) , a physicist , became inspector-general of public instruction in 1902 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucien Poincaré", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starring Robert De Niro and Ben Stiller , it chronicles a series of unfortunate events that befall a good-hearted but hapless male nurse while visiting his girlfriend 's parents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Ben Stiller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teri Polo , Blythe Danner , and Owen Wilson also star .", "entity": [{"entity": "Teri Polo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Blythe Danner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Owen Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that time , Steven Spielberg was interested in doing so while Jim Carrey was interested in playing the lead role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Spielberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Jim Carrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also inspired a reality television show titled \" Meet My Folks \" and a situation comedy titled \" In-Laws \" , both of them debuting on NBC in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meet My Folks", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "In-Laws", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1992 film also marked one of only several film roles played by comedian Emo Philips which he also helped produce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emo Philips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these early works involved the use of Richard Wright 's piano .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Nick Mason 's abstruse \" One of these days I 'm going to cut you into little pieces \" vocal line was recorded at double speed using a falsetto voice , and replayed at normal speed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was overruled by the band , who informed him via an intercontinental telephone call while on tour in Japan that they would rather have \" an ear underwater \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He donated $ 2 \" million to Amnesty International for them to use to offer rehabilitation shelters , medical services and psychological and reintegration services to some of the 300,000 children forced to fight in conflicts across the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2006 , he bought a island in the Exuma archipelago , some southeast of Nassau and close to a similar island owned by Faith Hill and Tim McGraw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Exuma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Nassau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Faith Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "Tim McGraw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The home , built in 1940 for $ 110,000 , had been owned at different times by Dean Martin and singer Tom Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dean Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Tom Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those were Jacques Derrida and Søren Kierkegaard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Derrida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "Søren Kierkegaard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conceived as an alternative bhakti yoga tract , the site serves local residents and can accommodate visitors from the wider community of the San Francisco Bay Area in daily visits .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By some other accounts , his teaching engagements occurred already in 1958 when he trained several former students of the known mystic George Gurdjieff ( 1866 – 1949 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Gurdjieff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this is the case , the classical scale ( or conformal ) invariance is said to be anomalous .", "entity": [{"entity": "anomalous", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum is sited on thirty-one acres near the banks of the Hudson River , and is adjacent to ninety acres of riverfront parkland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hudson River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ideal viewing conditions created by reflected north light from more than of skylights are especially evident in the galleries devoted to the paintings of On Kawara , Agnes Martin , Blinky Palermo , and Robert Ryman .", "entity": [{"entity": "On Kawara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "Agnes Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "Blinky Palermo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "Robert Ryman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2,100 men who volunteered were organized into a brigade of five regiments under Brigadier General Samuel Whiteside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel Whiteside", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many settlers fled to Chicago , then a small town , which became overcrowded with hungry refugees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The militia was divided into three brigades commanded by Brigadier Generals Alexander Posey , Milton Alexander , and James D. Henry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Posey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "Milton Alexander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "James D. Henry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two days later , on June 18 , militia under James W. Stephenson encountered what was probably the same war party near Yellow Creek .", "entity": [{"entity": "James W. Stephenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "Yellow Creek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The women and girls inside the fort , under the direction of Elizabeth Armstrong , loaded muskets and molded bullets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Armstrong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even in prison they were treated as celebrities : they posed for portraits by artists such as Charles Bird King and John Wesley Jarvis , and a dinner was held in their honor before they left .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Bird King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "John Wesley Jarvis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won the support of many notable people , including diplomats , politicians , and even some of the American Legion .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Legion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It currently holds a 12 % rating on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 17 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Oliver had collected six hits in a ( the franchise 's inaugural season ) game and Kevin Seitzer in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Oliver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Kevin Seitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screenwriter Jeffrey Boam is credited twice in the ' screenplay by ' credits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeffrey Boam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because he did one draft by himself ( granting him the first credit ) and a second draft collaborating with Robert Mark Kamen ( granting him the second credit ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Mark Kamen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soundtrack was performed and composed by Michael Kamen , Eric Clapton , and David Sanborn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Kamen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Eric Clapton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "David Sanborn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NTM-I was not a combat mission but is a distinct mission , under the political control of the North Atlantic Council .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Atlantic Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the mission was extended into September , Norway that day announced it would begin scaling down contributions and complete withdrawal by 1 August .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following week , the head of the Royal Navy said the country 's operations in the conflict were not sustainable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A report from the organization Human Rights Watch in May 2012 identified at least 72 civilians killed in the campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human Rights Watch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members include all current and former members of the Commonwealth of Independent States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Commonwealth of Independent States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For six seasons in Turkey he played in 202 games and scored 76 goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hearing the album \" Dogon A.D. \" ( 1972 ) by Julius Hemphill turned his attention toward jazz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dogon A.D.", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Julius Hemphill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these sessions he worked with trumpeter Herb Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herb Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He led a trio with Michael Formanek and Jim Black , then added Chris Speed for a quartet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Formanek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "Jim Black", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Chris Speed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was not a spectacular or aerobatic pilot like his brother or Werner Voss ; however , he was a noted tactician and squadron leader and a fine marksman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Werner Voss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is sometimes referred to as the \" bebop baroness \" or \" jazz baroness \" because of her patronage of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thelonious Monk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was raised to follow role players like Mario Tremblay , Guy Carbonneau and Bob Gainey rather than stars such as Guy Lafleur or Wayne Gretzky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Tremblay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Guy Carbonneau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Bob Gainey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Guy Lafleur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Wayne Gretzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Customer service and concierge services are provided by the Public Lands Interpretive Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Public Lands Interpretive Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pop music , he believes , employs sexual images and language to enthrall the young and to persuade them that their petty rebelliousness is authentic politics , when , in fact , they are being controlled by the money-managers whom successful performers like Mick Jagger quietly serve .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mick Jagger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [257, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of this , they are slave to public opinion ( per Alexis de Tocqueville ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexis de Tocqueville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" He alludes to early philosophers , from Socrates ( who he firmly believes to be \" the essence of the university \" concept ) through the nineteenth century , who he claims never made use of such institutions at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socrates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He writes about students at Cornell University , that \" these students discerned that their teachers did not really believe that freedom of thought was necessarily a good and useful thing , that they suspected that all this was ideology protecting the injustices of our ' system ' \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cornell University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both parents incubate ; the female leaves before the young birds fledge and sometimes before the eggs hatch .", "entity": [{"entity": "eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They migrate in flocks to the southern United States , Mexico , Central America , the Caribbean , and northern South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They occur as very rare vagrants in western Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father was the veteran critic and filmmaker Chidananda Dasgupta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chidananda Dasgupta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 7 , 1995 , the team traded him to the Pittsburgh Penguins for Grant Jennings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "Grant Jennings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then joined the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League as an associate coach in 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sudbury Wolves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Ontario Hockey League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is in second place among all time test try scorers , with a total of 67 tries behind only Daisuke Ohata .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daisuke Ohata", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iranian Revolution has occurred in the interim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranian Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its taxonomic position is complicated , sometimes treated as a race of common snipe .", "entity": [{"entity": "common snipe", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "magellanicae \" migrates north in winter , abandoning Tierra del Fuego altogether .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tierra del Fuego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "magellanicae \" , which breeds southwards from central Argentina and central Chile is longer-winged , warmer and more buff in colour than the northern race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By then , his younger brother Michael , then seven , had become the official lead singer of the group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He replaced singer Lulu , who was a judge on series one .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lulu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His co-judges were vocal coach CeCe Sammy , musician Stewart Copeland and radio DJ Trevor Nelson .", "entity": [{"entity": "CeCe Sammy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Stewart Copeland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "Trevor Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was later named the 26th greatest film since 2000 in a BBC poll of 177 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All brands have their own recipes containing various sweeteners , flavourings , and colourings .", "entity": [{"entity": "colourings", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The logistic function was introduced in a series of three papers by Pierre François Verhulst between 1838 and 1847 , who devised it as a model of population growth by adjusting the exponential growth model , under the guidance of Adolphe Quetelet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre François Verhulst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 92]}, {"entity": "Adolphe Quetelet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A typical application of the logistic equation is a common model of population growth ( see also population dynamics ) , originally due to Pierre-François Verhulst in 1838 , where the rate of reproduction is proportional to both the existing population and the amount of available resources , all else being equal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre-François Verhulst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The equation was rediscovered in 1911 by A. G. McKendrick for the growth of bacteria in broth and experimentally tested using a technique for nonlinear parameter estimation .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. G. McKendrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another scientist , Alfred J. Lotka derived the equation again in 1925 , calling it the \" law of population growth \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred J. Lotka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many factors , ranging from lack of susceptibles ( either through the continued spread of infection until it passes the threshold for herd immunity or reduction in the accessibility of susceptibles through physical distancing measures ) , exponential-looking epidemic curves may first linearize ( replicating the \" logarithmic \" to \" logistic \" transition first noted by Pierre-François Verhulst , as noted above ) and then reach a maximal limit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre-François Verhulst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [371, 395]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hampton Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall .", "entity": [{"entity": "White Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Republican Party and the Democratic Party are the two largest parties in the state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Libertarian Party had official party status from 1990 to 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libertarian Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Libertarian Party regained ballot access after the 2016 election because the gubernatorial candidate received more than four percent of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libertarian Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donald Trump very narrowly lost the state in 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song featured as background music is titled \" Elegia \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elegia", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 46 % based on 39 reviews , with an average rating of 5.63 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Warner Home Video later released this cut on Blu-ray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warner Home Video", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the meantime , Channel Five showed the film in November 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Channel Five", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Entertainment Weekly \" ranked the film as the eighth most controversial film ever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entertainment Weekly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his doctoral studies , his mentors challenged him to solve within one year an intractable problem which had defied such great minds as Paul Dirac and Richard Feynman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Dirac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "Richard Feynman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he struggled to make an impact at the club at the time when Dražen Ladić was the club 's longtime first-choice goalkeeper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dražen Ladić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He started his professional career in 1999 with HNK Orašje .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNK Orašje", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 23 May 2012 , he signed for HNK Rijeka on a two-year-long contract deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNK Rijeka", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Rod Taylor , Tippi Hedren in her screen debut , Jessica Tandy , Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rod Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Tippi Hedren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Jessica Tandy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Suzanne Pleshette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "Veronica Cartwright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The car radio reports bird attacks on nearby communities such as Santa Rosa and the military may intervene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Rosa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The special effects shots of the attacking birds were completed at Walt Disney Studios by animator / technician , Ub Iwerks , who used the sodium vapor process ( \" yellow screen \" ) , which he had helped to develop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walt Disney Studios", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "Ub Iwerks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered March 28 , 1963 , in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A poorly-received television sequel , \" The Birds II : Land 's End \" , was released in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Birds II : Land 's End", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tippi Hedren returned in a supporting role , but not as her original character .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tippi Hedren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after his mother 's remarriage , the family moved to the Long Island suburb of Rockville Centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Rockville Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He faced only one batter , in the ninth inning in the first game , giving up a hit to Al Kaline , and he pitched two scoreless innings in the second game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Kaline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With an overworked pitching staff , there was no one else , as Don Drysdale and Johnny Podres had pitched the prior two days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Drysdale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Johnny Podres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What I do n't understand is how he lost five , \" to which Maury Wills responded , \" He did n't .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maury Wills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nolan Ryan struck out 383 batters in ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nolan Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rob Neyer called it the best curve of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Neyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A brunette with blue-grey eyes , she became an internationally famous Hollywood film star in the 1940 s and 1950 s , made several recordings , and later acted on television and stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1966 ) and the television film \" The Munsters ' Revenge \" ( 1981 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Munsters ' Revenge", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had one line ( \" Nowadays a girl must show a front \" ) in a scene with the film 's star , Maxie Rosenbloom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maxie Rosenbloom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her salary was $ 25 and her work in the film got her into the Screen Actors Guild .", "entity": [{"entity": "Screen Actors Guild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She guest starred on shows like \" Fantasy Island \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fantasy Island", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died from heart failure on January 8 , 2007 , and was cremated .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 10 September 2011 against Manisaspor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manisaspor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mice , there is no carcinogenic effect ; The state of California has , however , listed BHA as a carcinogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also made several appearances in the UEFA Champions League with the club during their participations in the 1998 and 1999 group stages of the competition .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 25 January 2004 , he played in a 1 – 0 away win against Vitória de Guimarães , a game overshadowed by the tragic death of his team mate Miklós Fehér .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitória de Guimarães", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "Miklós Fehér", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 10 September 2009 , he signed a one-year deal with FC Istres .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Istres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed for AC Ajaccio on 16 June 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AC Ajaccio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defender is the brother of the footballers Samba and Abdoulaye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Abdoulaye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a coach , he has been a member of the Houston Texans , New York Giants , and San Francisco 49ers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Texans", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "New York Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "San Francisco 49ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Indianapolis Colts later in the season and played in two games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indianapolis Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Houston Texans on March 14 , 2007 , He had 64 tackles , 2.5 sacks , and two fumble recoveries in his three-year tenure , including playing in all 48 games with five starts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Texans", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , he became the assistant defensive line coach of the New York Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , he was hired as the defensive line coach of the San Francisco 49ers .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco 49ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , blood-borne infections of the brain are rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood-borne infections", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [14, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" At the end of the audition , Max Mutchnick , co-creator and executive producer of the show said ' That was perfect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Mutchnick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon his return , he was criticised by John Aldridge for \" collecting his wages \" rather than looking for a different club where he would have a chance of playing .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Aldridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first guest on the programme was Bono .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2015 , he has also stood in on Terry Wogan 's weekend show on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Wogan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 and 2004 he presented a game show called \" All Kinds of Everything \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "All Kinds of Everything", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [51, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2004 , \" Tubridy Tonight \" began .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tubridy Tonight", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also sang a song on \" The Late Late Toy Show \" in 2010 , becoming the first host to do such a thing .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Late Late Toy Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lives in Monkstown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monkstown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then he has been at various times involved with Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin , a presenter of radio and television .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aoibhinn Ní Shúilleabháin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 he told the same newspaper she was \" my rock \" since the death of friend and colleague Gerry Ryan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerry Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several Boston Red Sox personnel make appearances in the film , including : players Johnny Damon , Trot Nixon , Jason Varitek and Jim Rice , and announcers Joe Castiglione , Don Orsillo and Dennis Eckersley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Johnny Damon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "Trot Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "Jason Varitek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "Jim Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "Joe Castiglione", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 171]}, {"entity": "Don Orsillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "Dennis Eckersley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original plot had assumed the Red Sox would lose in the playoffs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film had an average rating of 65 % , based on 189 reviews , with an average rating of 6.3 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a cinematographic and literary perspective , the film received some favorable criticism from experts Roger Ebert and James Berardinelli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "James Berardinelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played one season for Valenciennes before he ended his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valenciennes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bill , measuring , is up to twice the length of a Canada goose 's ( \" Branta canadensis \" ) bill and is the largest of any waterfowl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada goose", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically , they ranged as far south as Texas and southern California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The native swans have benefited from removal of non-native mute swans by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources beginning in the 1960 s , with a decline from 15,000 mute swans in 2010 to 8,700 in 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michigan Department of Natural Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2013 , the trumpeter swan is no longer listed as threatened in the state of Minnesota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother was James Seth , also a philosopher .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Seth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal came for the club came in September 2004 , a 5 – 0 thrashing away at Den Bosch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Den Bosch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for that club in July 2003 in a 2 – 2 draw against Krylia Sovetov Samara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krylia Sovetov Samara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He transferred to Vysočina Jihlava , which played in the same league , midway through the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vysočina Jihlava", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last player to do so was Manny Ramirez on the same date in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manny Ramirez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was designated for assignment on August 12 , 2011 to make room on the active roster for the return of Shin-Soo Choo from the disabled list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shin-Soo Choo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of them extend into neighboring national forests , and one of those into land managed by the Bureau of Land Management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bureau of Land Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was one of the first organists to broadcast on radio and he became famous for his lunchtime concerts broadcast on the BBC in the 1930 s and 1940 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in 1953 shortly before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II for which he was preparing his choristers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth II", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After only playing seven times for Lazio during his loan spell , it remained unclear if they wanted to sign him on a permanent deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leaves are evergreen , lanceolate , long and broad , and lustrous , dark green .", "entity": [{"entity": "evergreen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children , mistaking this flower for honeysuckle , have been poisoned by sucking the nectar from the flower .", "entity": [{"entity": "honeysuckle", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown that bumblebees fed on gelsemine have a reduced load of Crithidia bombi in their fecal matter after 7 days although this difference was not significant after 10 days ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crithidia bombi", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal for the team from Pamplona came on 2 December , a left-foot volley to open a 2 – 1 victory at Deportivo de La Coruña .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pamplona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "Deportivo de La Coruña", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a baritone player in the Purdue All-American Marching Band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Purdue All-American Marching Band", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died of pneumonia , related to her weakened health , on January 28 , 1962 , aged two .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After sufficient descent , he turned back toward the landing area , and landed , just missing Joshua trees at the south end .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joshua trees", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During these calls , they learned of the deaths of Gus Grissom , Ed White and Roger Chaffee in the fire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gus Grissom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Ed White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "Roger Chaffee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after the flag planting , President Richard Nixon spoke to them by telephone from his office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served on additional aerospace boards , first United Airlines in 1978 , and later Eaton Corporation in 1980 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Eaton Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He chaired the board through the company 's 2000 merger with EDO Corporation , until his retirement in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDO Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1991 and 1993 , he hosted \" First Flights with Neil Armstrong \" , an aviation history documentary series on A&E .", "entity": [{"entity": "First Flights with Neil Armstrong", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 69]}, {"entity": "A&E", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began to bleed internally and his blood pressure dropped .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleed internally", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A film adaptation of the book , starring Ryan Gosling and directed by Damien Chazelle , was released in October 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Gosling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Damien Chazelle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The motoring writer L. J. K. Setright described the 2CV as \" the most intelligent application of minimalism ever to succeed as a car \" , and a car of \" remorseless rationality \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "L. J. K. Setright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these , the 1969 , was the first automobile manufactured in Vietnam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disc brakes were forced-air cooled by ducts drawing air from the engine fan housing , greatly reducing the likelyhood of the brakes to overheat or fade in heavy use - especially during long descents in hot summer conditions in the Alps and other mountain regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alps", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unusual feature of the river is the Inner Niger Delta , which forms where its gradient suddenly decreases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inner Niger Delta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major trading ports along the river , including Timbuktu and Gao , became centers of learning and culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timbuktu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Gao", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They travelled from the very beginning of the river near Kissidougou in Guinea , walking at first till a raft could be used , then changing to various local crafts as the river broadened and changed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kissidougou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Guinea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to the team in May 2006 , taking part in a match for the first time since July 2005 , as he made an appearance as a substitute in a 2 – 1 home loss against Pasching .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pasching", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club finished the season as league runners-up , behind Austria Vienna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria Vienna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He came on after 79 minutes , replacing Vladimír Šmicer in a 2 – 0 win for his nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vladimír Šmicer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored the first goal of the game with his head , before Jan Koller made the score 2 – 0 to win the match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Koller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and having \" a similar aerial threat \" to international teammate Jan Koller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Koller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consisting of \" pure communicative actions \" ( a reference to Jürgen Habermas ) any social system requires human consciousnesses ( personal or psychical systems ) as an obviously necessary , but nevertheless environmental resource .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jürgen Habermas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He showed his support by encouraging students to use their math skills to help children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The album 's lead single \" I Can Transform Ya \" was released on September 29 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Can Transform Ya", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance and his emotional turmoil resonated with several celebrities present at the ceremony , including Trey Songz , Diddy and Taraji P. Henson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trey Songz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "Diddy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Taraji P. Henson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About eight people were injured during the brawl , including San Antonio Spurs star Tony Parker , who had to have surgery to remove a piece of glass from his eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Antonio Spurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "Tony Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rich source of inorganic nitrate in the human diets come from leafy green foods , such as spinach and arugula .", "entity": [{"entity": "spinach", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( inorganic nitrate ) is the viable active component within beetroot juice and other vegetables .", "entity": [{"entity": "beetroot", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of carcinogenic nitrosamines may be inhibited by the use of the antioxidants vitamin C and the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E during curing .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti-hypertensive diets , such as the DASH diet , typically contain high levels of nitrates , which are first reduced to nitrite in the saliva , as detected in saliva testing , prior to forming nitric oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "DASH diet", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two areas of possible concern are that ( i ) nitrate could be a precursor to nitrite in the lower gut , and nitrite is a precursor to nitrosamines , which are implicated in carcinogenesis , and ( ii ) nitrate is implicated in methemoglobinemia , a disorder of red blood cells hemoglobin .", "entity": [{"entity": "methemoglobinemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [230, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was twice runner-up in the 60 metres at the IAAF World Indoor Championships ( 2003 , 2008 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IAAF World Indoor Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [47, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1923 , C. Lloyd Morgan took this work further , elaborating on an \" emergent evolution \" which could explain increasing complexity ( including the evolution of mind ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "C. Lloyd Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because they controlled the whole of central Anatolia , they did not need defensive walls , and the valley was very suitable for agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was excavated in 1924 by the University of Michigan team .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are several similar examples of a tholos in other metropolitan cities of antiquitiy , for example at Pergamon and Ephesus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pergamon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "Ephesus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entablature was surmounted with a tympanon which had an epiphania window ( at which god showed himself to the people ) in the middle , surrounded with lotus and palmet leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "lotus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These objects , baked clay cups and jars , several stone objects , axes , weights , seals , and figurines reflect the characteristic style of the Lake District .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake District", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their deity was Hephaestus , the god of all skilfulthings and labour-saving devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hephaestus", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They hatch in spring , and the young crickets ( called nymphs ) eat and grow rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "crickets", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "nymphs", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , Niels Henrik Abel discussed the subject in a memoir , treating notably questions of convergence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niels Henrik Abel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The county with the largest portion of the eastern forest is Rabun County , Georgia , which has within its boundaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rabun County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It includes over of rivers and streams ( including about of trout streams ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its foundations may survive within the streambed under modern Bridge Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bridge Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , he signed for FC Istres after one-year leave the club and move to Paris FC , where he was fired in February 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Istres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Paris FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the summer of 2011 , he joined the US Bitam in his homeland .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Bitam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "however , the deal eventually fell through and he returned to the country he had left , moving to Moreirense F.C. in division two .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moreirense F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also realized that he had been treated well by club owner Jorge Pasquel , who was paying him $ 10,000 per season plus living expenses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge Pasquel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His absence coincided with a loss of form for the team , and by the end of the season manager Harry Redknapp had been sacked .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Redknapp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his return on 16 February 2008 coming on as a late substitute in a 2 – 0 FA Cup victory over Wolverhampton Wanderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Wolverhampton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also received an inspirational letter from Lance Armstrong , a cancer survivor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lance Armstrong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July he upset world # 19 Mark Philippoussis 3 – 6 , 7 – 6 ( 7 – 5 ) , 7 – 6 ( 7 – 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Philippoussis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also presented tennis features and interviews for the \" TV Guide \" channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1957 ) and \" Terror in the Sky \" ( 1971 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terror in the Sky", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he then returned to the first team against Middlesbrough on 12 September 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received critical acclaim for her work on television during this period , in the series \" A Fine Romance \" ( 1981 – 1984 ) and \" As Time Goes By \" ( 1992 – 2005 ) , in both of which she held starring roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Fine Romance", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "As Time Goes By", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his review for \" Chicago Sun-Times \" , film critic Roger Ebert declared the main actresses \" perhaps the most impressive acting duo in any film of 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Sun-Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set during the period of the tulip mania , the historical drama follows a 17th - century painter in Amsterdam who falls in love with a married woman whose portrait he has been hired to paint .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , along with musician Sting and billionaire entrepreneur Richard Branson , she publicly urged policy-makers to adopt more progressive drug policies by decriminalizing drug use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sting", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Richard Branson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ensemble cast includes Boris Karloff , Melvyn Douglas , Gloria Stuart , Charles Laughton , Raymond Massey , and Ernest Thesiger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boris Karloff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Melvyn Douglas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Gloria Stuart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Charles Laughton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "Raymond Massey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "Ernest Thesiger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adapted for the screen by R. C. Sherriff and Benn Levy , the motion picture follows the original plot of the book , while adding levels of comedy to the story .", "entity": [{"entity": "R. C. Sherriff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "Benn Levy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was out of form and dropped from the first team during the end of season run-in , which contained a disproportionately large number of games due to the high level of postponements that occurred during the harsh winter .", "entity": [{"entity": "harsh winter", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [208, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quickly reinstated Don Revie 's philosophy and his little traditions , for example he reinstated the sessions of carpet bowls on Friday evenings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Revie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this he appointed Ian Snodin as club captain , and dropped former captain and teammate Peter Lorimer from the starting line eleven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Snodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Peter Lorimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also moved on the young players signed by former manager and teammate Eddie Gray , choosing to sign experienced players in their place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eddie Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New arrivals at the club were Glynn Snodin ( £ 150,000 from Sheffield Wednesday ) , winger Gary Williams ( £ 230,000 from Aston Villa ) and Bobby Davison ( £ 350,000 from Derby County ) , as well as Jim Melrose and Ken DeMange .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glynn Snodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "Gary Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Bobby Davison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "Derby County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 183]}, {"entity": "Jim Melrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 210]}, {"entity": "Ken DeMange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more significant new face was David Batty , a key player of the future who was given his debut from the youth team .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Batty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then he went to Bucharest , where a peace conference was assembled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His domestic position was weakened , however , by the effects of the Great Depression in the early 1930 s ; and in the elections of 1932 he was defeated by the People 's Party under Panagis Tsaldaris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "People 's Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 175]}, {"entity": "Panagis Tsaldaris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was created by Amy Jenkins who was also its principal writer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amy Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other writers contributed scripts , including Joe Ahearne ( who also directed some episodes - the only person to do both on the series ) , Ian Iqbal Rashid , Amelia Bullmore , and Matthew Graham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Ahearne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Ian Iqbal Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "Amelia Bullmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 173]}, {"entity": "Matthew Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tony Garnett was the executive producer and Jane Fallon worked as a producer on both series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Garnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Jane Fallon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a run-in to the reunion , the BBC repeated every episode , two each night Monday to Thursday , starting 6 November 2006 , on BBC Two .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "BBC Two", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The controversial stage writer Mark Ravenhill was involved in drafting storylines and early scripts for a third series , but the plans were aborted , and the decision was taken to end the programme \" on a high \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Ravenhill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species \" Carpobrotus edulis \" and contributes to the antibacterial properties of the plant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carpobrotus edulis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [77, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its name comes from the name of \" Ruta graveolens \" , a plant that also contains rutin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruta graveolens", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also found in green tea infusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "green tea", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied at the University of Pennsylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also developed his interest in philosophy while at university , in particular under the tutelage of Nelson Goodman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly critical of the established behaviorist currents in linguistics , in 1954 he presented his ideas at lectures at the University of Chicago and Yale University .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 144]}, {"entity": "Yale University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was inspired by Alex Carey and adapted into a 1992 film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alex Carey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a member of the Industrial Workers of the World international union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Industrial Workers of the World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The point of this self-governance is to make each citizen , in Thomas Jefferson 's words , \" a direct participator in the government of affairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Jefferson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He asks whether General Motors would be accused of conspiracy if it deliberately selected what it used or discarded to sell its product .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Motors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also debated analytic philosophers , including Tyler Burge , Donald Davidson , Michael Dummett , Saul Kripke , Thomas Nagel , Hilary Putnam , Willard Van Orman Quine , and John Searle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyler Burge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Donald Davidson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Michael Dummett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Saul Kripke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "Thomas Nagel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "Hilary Putnam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 172]}, {"entity": "John Searle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had three children together : Aviva ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aviva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Arundhati Roy has called him \" one of the greatest , most radical public thinkers of our time \" , and Edward Said thought him \" one of the most significant challengers of unjust power and delusions \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arundhati Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "Edward Said", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not until Sargon II restored order , in the late 8th century BCE , were those privileges restored .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sargon II", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centuries later , the emperor Caracalla was murdered here , probably at the instigation of Macrinus ( 217 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caracalla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Macrinus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excavations of a nearby 4th century BCE burial mound continue under archaeologist Nurettin Yardımcı .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nurettin Yardımcı", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the stream made famous by the expedition of Gonzalo Pizarro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gonzalo Pizarro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a wide flood basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains , cut through by the Columbia River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cascade Range", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Rocky Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Columbia River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geologists know that beneath Hawaii and Iceland , a temperature instability develops ( for reasons not yet well understood ) at the boundary between the core and mantle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawaii", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Iceland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The track of this hot spot starts in the west and sweeps up to Yellowstone National Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yellowstone National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize ( \" Zea mays \" ) , sorghum ( \" Sorghum bicolor \" ) or cowpea ( \" V. unguiculata \" ) , as well as a sole crop in the uplands , on a very limited area .", "entity": [{"entity": "food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "fodder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "sorghum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "cowpea", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past it was widely grown as lowland crop on residual soil water after the harvest of long-season rice , but it has been displaced to a great extent where shorter duration rice varieties are grown .", "entity": [{"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are seven cultivated species within the sub-genus , including mung bean or green gram ( \" V. radiata \" ) , black gram or urad bean ( \" V. mungo \" ) , adzuki bean ( \" V. angularis \" ) and moth bean ( \" V. aconitifolia \" ) as well as a number of wild species .", "entity": [{"entity": "mung bean", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "adzuki bean", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the crop currently grown in Nepal is used as food for humans , with a smaller proportion used for fodder and green manuring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ricebean is most often served as a dal , either soaked overnight and boiled with a few spices , or cooked in a pressure cooker .", "entity": [{"entity": "dal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from various recipes for dal soups and sauces , pulses are also used in a number of other ways , either whole , cooked or roasted , as flour , or ground to make various deep fried dishes or snacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "flour", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dolichos lablab \" L ) > Lima bean ( \" Phaseolus lunatus \" ) > swordbean ( \" Canavalia gladiata \" ) > ricebean > jack bean ( \" Canavalia ensiformis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lima bean", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , yogurt is cold while goat milk is hot , buffalo meat is cold while fish and chicken is hot , and black gram is cold while red gram ( cowpea ) is hot .", "entity": [{"entity": "yogurt", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "buffalo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their twining habit makes them very suitable for use as intercrops with such species as maize , sorghum and possibly some of the minor millet species , which can provide support , but also makes them difficult to harvest .", "entity": [{"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "sorghum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "millet", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight months later , he was released from his contract to join Farsley Celtic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Farsley Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named in honor of U.S. astronomer George Herbig .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "George Herbig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He considered the American Civil War to have been caused by sectional differences , not slavery .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His writings repeatedly praised Robert E. Lee and vilified Abraham Lincoln .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert E. Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Abraham Lincoln", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was Augustus ' great-great grandson , descended from the first Emperor 's only daughter , Julia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "Julia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also executed his rivals Cornelius Sulla and Rubellius Plautus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cornelius Sulla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "Rubellius Plautus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he still could not bring himself to take his own life but instead he forced his private secretary , Epaphroditos , to perform the task .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epaphroditos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One such notable enemy included Nymphidius Sabinus , who claimed to be the son of Emperor Caligula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nymphidius Sabinus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "Caligula", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only fragments of these books remain and what does remain was abridged and altered by John Xiphilinus , an 11th - century monk .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Xiphilinus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not surprising that Seneca ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seneca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vespasian was then dispatched to put down the rebellion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vespasian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" as does Sulpicius Severus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulpicius Severus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father rose to the rank of Lieutenant General before dying of tuberculosis in 1856 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father was a machine painter at the Metropolitan-Vickers works in Trafford Park which influenced him to take up engineering , design , and to pursue a career designing buildings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metropolitan-Vickers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "Trafford Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building is marked by its high level of light transparency , as all 3500 workers have a view to Victoria Peak or Victoria Harbour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victoria Peak", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Victoria Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Learned helplessness was studied by Martin Seligman in an experiment in which shocks were applied to animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Seligman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , self-efficacy has been included as one of the four factors of core self-evaluation , one 's fundamental appraisal of oneself , along with locus of control , neuroticism , and self-esteem .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroticism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played in the New York Yankees minor league system in 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2008 , he played for the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded in Sofia , Bulgaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sofia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first Hershey bar was produced in 1900 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hershey bar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , in 1973 , he heard a radio commercial for Liberty University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He coached them until after the 1986 season , when Bobby Richardson replaced him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Making his major league debut on July 6 , he allowed two hits in a complete game shutout over the Philadelphia Phillies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four days later , he allowed one run in a complete game and was rewarded for his efforts in a 4 – 1 victory over the Chicago Cubs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these reports were erroneous , as the Cincinnati Reds wound up obtaining his rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 30 , he entered in the seventh after Jim Kaat had allowed a run and threw three scoreless innings in an eventual 11-inning , 3 – 2 victory over the Detroit Tigers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Kaat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a game against the Baltimore Orioles on May 30 , he entered with two outs in the sixth after Dwight Siebler had allowed three runs in the inning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Dwight Siebler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tasked with finishing the game , he blew the lead in the ninth when Duke Sims hit a tying two-run home run against him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duke Sims", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks seventh all-time , and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He tied Willie Anderson for the third highest scoring output by a rookie guard in his debut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willie Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the only player other than Shaquille O'Neal to receive an MVP vote that year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaquille O'Neal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the game , he notably stepped over Tyronn Lue after hitting a crucial shot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyronn Lue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other players , including Carmelo Anthony and Kobe Bryant , adopted the sleeves as well , as did fans who wore the sleeve as a fashion statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carmelo Anthony", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Kobe Bryant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had 22 points and 10 assists in a losing effort to the Sacramento Kings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacramento Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They won the first game and lost the next four to the San Antonio Spurs .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Antonio Spurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The perl script was written by well known cryptographer and cypherpunk , Ian Goldberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A verbose and annotated version of the script appears on Bruce Schneier 's web site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Schneier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to critic Jay Clayton , the book is written for a technical or geek audience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Clayton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German troops could no longer hold their ground ; they were forced to withdraw on 28 January 1945 , and to abandon much of the occupied territory with the notable exception of Székesfehérvár .", "entity": [{"entity": "Székesfehérvár", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the glider flights ( DFS 230 ) bringing in supplies had ended a few days earlier and parachute drops had also been discontinued .", "entity": [{"entity": "DFS 230", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to researcher and author Krisztián Ungváry , some 38,000 civilians died during the siege : about 13,000 from military action and 25,000 from starvation , disease and other causes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krisztián Ungváry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protagonist is Emily Faithfull .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emily Faithfull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the characters were fictional except Dr Kathleen Lynn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kathleen Lynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's health issues in the 1950 s , Congress began studying the Constitution 's dangerously weak and vague provisions for presidential disability and vice presidential succession .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Harry Blackmun was ultimately nominated and confirmed to fill the vacancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Blackmun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he worked with several firms , most recently including the well-known Venable LLP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venable LLP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their son Evan Bayh was born on December 26 , 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evan Bayh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , all proposed forms of neutron star core material are fluids and are extremely unstable at pressures lower than that found in stellar cores .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutron star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She went on to serve as the Deputy Leader and Leader of the Australian Democrats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Democrats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then went on to work as a political advisor to Senator John Coulter and Senator Cheryl Kernot .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Coulter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Cheryl Kernot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 22 October 2006 , after undergoing emergency surgery for an ectopic pregnancy , she announced that she would not be contesting the 2007 election to extend her term beyond 30 June 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectopic pregnancy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preceding leader Meg Lees left the party in the following year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meg Lees", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agenda was proposed by John Cherry and she was opposed to its content .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Cherry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes called it fun but criticizes the plot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program was hosted by Cheche Lazaro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheche Lazaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was used as the basis for the 1974 television play \" The Missiles of October \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Missiles of October", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composer La Monte Young ( born 1935 ) is an important figure in drone music .", "entity": [{"entity": "La Monte Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human conditions called \" nucleolopathies \" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was 7 or 8 years old , he would ride his bike to Love Field in Dallas to watch the exotic planes of the day take off and land .", "entity": [{"entity": "Love Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones were the first to make a trans-global flight in 1999 ; Steve Fossett became the first to complete the flight solo in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertrand Piccard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Brian Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Steve Fossett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his in-ring debut at Madison Square Garden in November 1984 , he pinned Salvatore Bellomo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 45]}, {"entity": "Salvatore Bellomo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rutilus \" is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Eurasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Eurasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lived for many years in northern Kenya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was diagnosed in mid-August with lung cancer , which had metastasized to his liver , with an expected survival time of four months .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his construction jobs was a remodeling for Neil Diamond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Diamond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2011 , he signed with Lottomatica Roma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lottomatica Roma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 16 , 2013 , he signed a two-month deal with CB Estudiantes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CB Estudiantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That corporation was purchased by Berkshire Hathaway in 2009 which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berkshire Hathaway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "Warren Buffett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chief industries of the town and district are grazing properties for sheep and cattle .", "entity": [{"entity": "grazing", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the similar-looking and closely related muskellunge , the northern pike has light markings on a dark body background and fewer than six sensory pores on the underside of each side of the lower jaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "muskellunge", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Italy , the newly identified species \" Esox cisalpinus \" ( \" southern pike \" ) was long thought to be a color variation of the northern pike , but was in 2011 announced to be a species of its own .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Esox cisalpinus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports of far larger pike have been made , but these are either misidentifications of the pike 's larger relative , the muskellunge , or simply have not been properly documented and belong in the realm of legend .", "entity": [{"entity": "muskellunge", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike species such as perch , pike undergo bursts of energy instead of actively chasing down prey .", "entity": [{"entity": "perch", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The northern pike is a largely solitary predator .", "entity": [{"entity": "predator", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , in California , anglers are required by law to remove the head from a pike once it has been caught .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pike are seen as a threat to native wild stocks of salmon by some fishery managers .", "entity": [{"entity": "salmon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been introduced to lakes in Morocco , and is even found in brackish water of the Baltic Sea , but they are confined to the low-salinity water at the surface of the sea , and are seldom seen in brackish water elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morocco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Baltic Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are prized as game fish for their determined fighting .", "entity": [{"entity": "game fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to other fish like the eel , the pike does not have a good sense of smell , but it is still more than adequate to find the baitfish .", "entity": [{"entity": "eel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the letter , there was praise for the ' energy and foresight ' of Commander Edward Travis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Travis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 30.61 % of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "FDP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most popular party was the PLRT which received 1,569 or 24.7 % of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLRT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The room is panelled entirely in walnut and also includes the \" stüva \" , stove which provided heating .", "entity": [{"entity": "walnut", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the eastern part of this interchange , the highway travels under a railroad bridge that carries railroad tracks of Norfolk Southern Railway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norfolk Southern Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BASIC source code listing of the game is available online .", "entity": [{"entity": "BASIC", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toward the end of World War II , tunnels were dug through the rim of the crater for the placement of shore batteries to guard Honolulu Harbor and the south edge of Pearl Harbor .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Honolulu Harbor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "Pearl Harbor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the Sierra Club , NAFTA contributed to large-scale , export-oriented farming , which led to the increased use of fossil fuels , pesticides and GMO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sierra Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1864 he began corresponding with the anti-revolutionary MP Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer , who heavily influenced his political and theological views ( see below ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1870 he was asked to come to Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also ran as a candidate in Dordrecht and Amsterdam , but was defeated there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dordrecht", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His commitment to universal suffrage was only tactical ; he expected the Anti-Revolutionary Party would be able to gain more seats this way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti-Revolutionary Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He called for workers to accept their fates and be happy with a simple life because the afterlife would be much more satisfying and revolution would only lead to instability .", "entity": [{"entity": "afterlife", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After World War II she moved to New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The previous year he had won a silver medal , as he had been overcome in the final by Freddy Maertens of Belgium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddy Maertens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common tern also roosts in exceptionally large numbers and as many as 260 have been seen there at once .", "entity": [{"entity": "common tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two resident waders , the pied oystercatcher and the red-capped plover , regularly breed on undisturbed parts of the islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "pied oystercatcher", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lewin 's rail occasionally breeds in the salt marsh but is so shy that nesting is seldom recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewin 's rail", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The islands can only be reached by boat , the most convenient departure points being Queenscliff or Sorrento .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queenscliff", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Sorrento", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He employed Barthélemy d'Eyck as both painter and \" varlet de chambre \" for most of his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barthélemy d'Eyck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished three strokes behind champion Bernhard Langer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernhard Langer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished four strokes ahead of Jonathan Kaye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Kaye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost to Davis Love III in the semi-final on the 21st hole , but beat Stephen Leaney 2-up in the resulting 3rd place playoff match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davis Love III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Stephen Leaney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few days later he picked up a silver medal in the 4 × 400 m relay along with Andretti Bain , Michael Mathieu and Andrae Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andretti Bain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Michael Mathieu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "Andrae Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was one of the new faces in the team including captain Darren Sammy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Darren Sammy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Brooklyn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been complaining of back pain and it became so acute that he had a hospital check-up and pancreatic cancer was diagnosed .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather than kicking the ball into the open goal , he then dribbled past the returning Enzo Robotti to score .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enzo Robotti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father died of liver cancer on October 10 having been dependent on alcohol for years .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its previous incarnation , the show was an essential part of \" World of Sport \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "World of Sport", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meetings from Goodwood and Haydock Park appeared occasionally , and a meeting from Ascot was shown as a one-off in 1977 when the BBC were covering the Grand National at Aintree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goodwood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Haydock Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Ascot", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "Grand National", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [151, 165]}, {"entity": "Aintree", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked at Boston University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the publication of the first issue , he solicited contributions from a then-obscure composer who would become one of his closest friends , Charles Ives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Ives", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conlon Nancarrow , on meeting him for the first time in 1947 , reported , \" The impression I got was that he was a terrified person , with a feeling that ' they 're going to get him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conlon Nancarrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his teens , he developed an interest in philosophy and religion , being encouraged by his uncle , who was an author and teacher at the University of Manchester .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Manchester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1940 s World War II shifted the project into the background .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Word of his collection of modern and contemporary paintings also circulated , and institutions in Italy , Israel , Canada , California , and New York City vied for the collection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable artists in the collection include : Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , Mary Cassatt , Thomas Eakins , Henry Moore , Jackson Pollock , Mark Rothko , Franz Kline , Hans Hofmann , Morris Louis , Kenneth Noland , John Chamberlain , Francis Bacon , Willem de Kooning , Milton Avery , Ellsworth Kelly , Louise Nevelson , Arshile Gorky , Edward Hopper , Larry Rivers , and Raphael Soyer among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pablo Picasso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Henri Matisse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Mary Cassatt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Thomas Eakins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "Henry Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "Jackson Pollock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "Mark Rothko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Franz Kline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Hans Hofmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "Morris Louis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 194]}, {"entity": "Kenneth Noland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 211]}, {"entity": "John Chamberlain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [214, 230]}, {"entity": "Francis Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 246]}, {"entity": "Willem de Kooning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 266]}, {"entity": "Milton Avery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [269, 281]}, {"entity": "Ellsworth Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [284, 299]}, {"entity": "Louise Nevelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [302, 317]}, {"entity": "Arshile Gorky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [320, 333]}, {"entity": "Edward Hopper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [336, 349]}, {"entity": "Larry Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [352, 364]}, {"entity": "Raphael Soyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [371, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outside the museum is a sculpture garden , featuring works by artists including Auguste Rodin , David Smith , Alexander Calder , Jean-Robert Ipoustéguy , Jeff Koons , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Rodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "David Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Alexander Calder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "Jean-Robert Ipoustéguy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 151]}, {"entity": "Jeff Koons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is an alumnus of DePaul University .", "entity": [{"entity": "DePaul University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With music director Takehisa Kosugi , he played for the Merce Cunningham dance company for four years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takehisa Kosugi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Merce Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Written and directed by Douglas McGrath , the film stars Gwyneth Paltrow , Alan Cumming , Toni Collette , Ewan McGregor , and Jeremy Northam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Douglas McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Gwyneth Paltrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Alan Cumming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Toni Collette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Ewan McGregor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "Jeremy Northam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 84 % based on reviews from 50 critics , with a rating average of 7.1 out of 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ames Laboratory was established in 1942 to produce the large amounts of natural ( unenriched ) uranium metal that would be necessary for the research to come .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ames Laboratory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall scientific direction of the project was managed by the physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Robert Oppenheimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "296 in September , and he regretted paying too much attention to Tim Raines and Steve Sax , who were previously trailing him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Raines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "Steve Sax", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impossible \" , former player Eric Davis said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The night before , on Father 's Day , he had gone into cardiac arrest , and he was rushed from his home to the hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Father 's Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "cardiac arrest", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "688 winning percentage third all-time behind only Whitey Ford , and Dave Foutz ( his teammate for eight seasons ) among pitchers with at least 200 major league decisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whitey Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Dave Foutz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "691 , placing him behind only Spud Chandler who compiled a record of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spud Chandler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on 49 reviews , it has an average score of 5.18 out of 10 on Rotten Tomatoes with 41 % of critics giving positive reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released direct-to-video in 2006 , and was about a young systems analyst who arrives in Istanbul for her new job to find that her identity has been stolen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Istanbul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A valuable off-label indication is the short-time treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , in which pregnant women experience violent nausea and vomiting .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperemesis gravidarum", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [63, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As with other typical antipsychotics , permanent or lasting tardive dyskinesia is a risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "tardive dyskinesia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depot-forms of perphenazine should not be used during the initial phase of treatment as the rare neuroleptic malignant syndrome may become more severe and uncontrollable with this form .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [97, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To André Malraux , he also confided , \" Now he is going to kill me \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "André Malraux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The renowned artist Konstantin Yuon once told him : \" Forget about politics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Konstantin Yuon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many versions have a top layer made of milk-based sauce thickened with egg ( custard ) or flour ( béchamel sauce ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "custard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "béchamel sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Greece , the dish is layered and typically served hot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such variants may include , in addition to the eggplant slices , sautéed zucchini ( courgette ) slices , part-fried potato slices , or sautéed mushrooms .", "entity": [{"entity": "zucchini", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "mushrooms", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also a three-layer version : the bottom layer consists of ground pork and beef , the middle layer of potato slices , and the top layer is typically a custard .", "entity": [{"entity": "custard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grated cheese or bread crumbs are often sprinkled on top .", "entity": [{"entity": "cheese", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", a fictional book about the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Ralph Stanley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the film , the songs credited to the band are lip-synched by the actors , except that Tim Blake Nelson does sing his own vocals on \" In the Jailhouse Now \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Blake Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "In the Jailhouse Now", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [136, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's hit single is Dick Burnett 's \" Man of Constant Sorrow \" , a song that had enjoyed much success prior to the movie 's release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Burnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Man of Constant Sorrow", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had two hits in four at bats in that game , recording his first career hit on a single to right field off of Oakland Athletics pitcher Ron Darling in the bottom of the third inning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 129]}, {"entity": "Ron Darling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hit his first career home run on June 13 against Kevin Tapani of the Minnesota Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Tapani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became only the second player to conclude a 30-homer season with more homers than walks ( 35 HR , 24 BB ) , joining Iván Rodríguez ( 35 – 24 in 1999 ) ; the dubious feat has since been duplicated by Alfonso Soriano ( 39 – 23 in 2002 ) , Javy López ( 43 – 33 in 2003 ) , José Guillén ( 31 – 24 in 2003 ) , Joe Crede ( 30 – 28 in 2006 ) and Ryan Braun ( 34 – 29 in 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iván Rodríguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Alfonso Soriano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "Javy López", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [240, 250]}, {"entity": "José Guillén", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [273, 285]}, {"entity": "Joe Crede", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [308, 317]}, {"entity": "Ryan Braun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [342, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can outline the programme of the Cabinet for the upcoming legislative session , as well as other matters chosen by the speaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cabinet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A precedent , however , was set in 1968 , when the government of Lester B. Pearson unexpectedly lost a confidence vote but was allowed to remain in power with the mutual consent of the leaders of the other parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lester B. Pearson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last prime ministers to lose confidence votes were Stephen Harper in 2011 , Paul Martin in 2005 and Joe Clark in 1979 , all involving minority governments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Paul Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Joe Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has taught at Wichita State University , University of Washington , Columbia University , University of Michigan , Princeton University , and at Stockton University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wichita State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "University of Washington", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 68]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 115]}, {"entity": "Princeton University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 138]}, {"entity": "Stockton University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 73 % based on 26 reviews , with an average rating of 6.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story was not well liked by fans nor by Isa Jank herself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isa Jank", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The line-up however was changed when the network signed Thomas Gottschalk and developed a new evening talk show for him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Gottschalk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played on a line with Mark Messier and had a successful campaign , finishing second to Wayne Gretzky for Rookie-of-the-Year honors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Messier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Wayne Gretzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The record stood for 20 years until Dylan Larkin of the Detroit Red Wings broke it with a skating / running start 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dylan Larkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Detroit Red Wings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the father of professional football player Travis Tripucka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Travis Tripucka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes the state government , federal government ( which has regional offices here , especially for resource agencies ) , municipal government ( which includes the local airport , hospital , harbors , and school district ) , and the University of Alaska Southeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Alaska Southeast", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 it took in 15 million pounds of fish and shellfish , valued at 21.5 million dollars , according to the National Marine Fisheries Service .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Marine Fisheries Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was designed by Linn A. Forrest and constructed in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linn A. Forrest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Upper Canada , the rebellion was quickly a failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upper Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Government subsidies followed shortly ; Premier Kathleen Wynne offered CAD $ 200,000 to cushion the blow , and promised that another processed-food operator would soon be found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kathleen Wynne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tobacco production , centred in Norfolk County , has decreased , allowing an increase in alternative crops such as hazelnuts and ginseng .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norfolk County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "hazelnuts", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "ginseng", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2009 , Ontario Power Generation generated 70 percent of the province 's electricity , of which 51 percent is nuclear , 39 % is hydroelectric and 10 % is fossil-fuel derived .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ontario Power Generation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late January 1802 , Bucharest was gripped by panic after rumors spread that the pasha had sent his army in its direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucharest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was put together with mirror-carrying manager , Sensational Sherri , who according to the storyline had become infatuated with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sensational Sherri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In geometry , the statement that the angles opposite the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are themselves equal is known as the \" pons asinorum \" ( , ) , typically translated as \" bridge of asses \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "asses", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [193, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , a special one-hour clip show episode of \" All in the Family \" featured actor Henry Fonda discussing the main characters on the show followed by relevant clips from previous episodes ; a similar two-part clip show appeared on \" Three 's Company \" , hosted by Lucille Ball .", "entity": [{"entity": "All in the Family", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 73]}, {"entity": "Henry Fonda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Three 's Company", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [241, 257]}, {"entity": "Lucille Ball", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [272, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Chappelle 's Show \" resorted to producing \" five \" clip shows ( using material from only 25 episodes ) over the course of its first two seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chappelle 's Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of its second season , \" Star Trek : The Next Generation \" had one more episode to shoot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek : The Next Generation", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As another example , \" Clerks : The Animated Series \" ran a clip show as its second episode , even though there was only one prior episode from which to pull material .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clerks : The Animated Series", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from Yale College in 1785 and studied law there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three years later , they moved to Liberty Township , Adams County , Ohio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty Township", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Adams County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His three years in Copenhagen were a success , scoring a total of 50 goals in 120 games for the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played with his former teammate Marcus Allbäck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcus Allbäck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stated that despite the relegation he felt like he was in good shape and that he wanted to return to playing in Denmark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although cartoonist Danny Antonucci began his career by working as an animator on various children 's series for Hanna-Barbera , his later solo works were edgy and aimed at adult audiences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danny Antonucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Hanna-Barbera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title sequence was created by Paul Boyd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Boyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They relocated to London in 1980 , but , disillusioned by life there , evolved towards a darker , more challenging sound that helped inspire gothic rock , and acquired a reputation as \" the most violent live band in the world \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was 19 when his father was killed in a car collision ; his mother told him of his father 's death while she was bailing him out of a St Kilda police station where he was being held on a charge of burglary .", "entity": [{"entity": "St Kilda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guitarist and songwriter Rowland S. Howard joined the band in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rowland S. Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's eponymous debut studio album , \" Grinderman \" , was released in 2007 to extremely positive reviews and the band 's second and final studio album , \" Grinderman 2 \" , was released in 2010 to a similar reception .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grinderman", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Grinderman 2", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a collection of lyrics and plays , including collaborations with Lydia Lunch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lydia Lunch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pitching for the Chicago Cubs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granted free agency after the 1990 season , he contacted each team in seeking a tryout , which resulted in the San Diego Padres signing him .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Houston Astros for the 2000 season , but pitched to a 6.26 ERA and was released on July 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 31 August , he signed for Lyon on an initial two-year contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received mixed reviews and holds a score of 50 % on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 26 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It manufactured gunpowder until after World War I , at which time the facility also began producing heavy munitions and grew more involved in research and development activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" P. dactylifera \" is the type species of genus \" Phoenix \" , which contains 12 – 19 species of wild date palms , and is the major source of commercial production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At about 61 - 68 percent sugar by mass when dried , dates are a very sweet fruit .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fruit is known as a date .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A date palm cultivar , probably what used to be called Judean date palm , is renowned for its long-lived orthodox seed , which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2000 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultivar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Judean date palm", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinegar made from dates was a traditional product of the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are particularly available to eat whole at Christmas time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Israel date syrup , termed \" silan \" , is used while cooking chicken and also for sweets and desserts , and as a honey substitute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sugar content of ripe dates is about 80 % ; the remainder consists of protein , fiber , and trace elements including boron , cobalt , copper , fluorine , magnesium , manganese , selenium , and zinc .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Date seeds are soaked and ground up for animal feed .", "entity": [{"entity": "animal feed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of coffee beans , or as an additive to coffee .", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from \" P. dactylifera \" , wild date palms such as \" Phoenix sylvestris \" and \" Phoenix reclinata \" , depending on the region , can be also tapped for sap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix sylvestris", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Phoenix reclinata", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finely ground seeds are mixed with flour to make bread in times of scarcity .", "entity": [{"entity": "flour", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a condiment for bread .", "entity": [{"entity": "condiment", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a degree in law from the University of Cincinnati , where he was also captain on the baseball team .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Cincinnati", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born and raised in Bermuda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began studying at Boston University at age 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He teaches at Lynn University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynn University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played cricket with the geneticist Reginald Punnett , who introduced the problem to him in purely mathematical terms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reginald Punnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was released from prison after the February Revolution in 1917 .", "entity": [{"entity": "February Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viktor Belash noted that even in the worst time for the revolutionary army , namely at the beginning of 1920 , \" In the majority of cases rank-and-file Red Army soldiers were set free \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Belash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Red Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the end of the war they were arrested by the NKVD .", "entity": [{"entity": "NKVD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were taken to Kiev for trial in 1946 and sentenced to eight years of hard labor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kiev", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was released soon before the fall of the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was developed and published by Konami and released in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Konami", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Entertainment Weekly \" gave the game an A - .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entertainment Weekly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com rated \" Middle Cyclone \" the number one album of 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Cyclone", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The set contains her first six studio albums , including the first vinyl pressing of \" The Virginian , \" as well as a live album .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Virginian", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her team , led by Alan Brough , won 18 – 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Brough", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the pilot , the scientifically inclined Professor was instead a high school teacher played by John Gabriel .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Gabriel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final day of filming the pilot was Friday , November 22 , 1963 , the day of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy .", "entity": [{"entity": "John F. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 1978 made-for-television movie , \" Rescue from Gilligan 's Island \" , the castaways successfully leave the island but have difficulty reintegrating into society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rescue from Gilligan 's Island", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second sequel , \" The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan 's Island \" ( 1981 ) , villains played by Martin Landau and then-wife Barbara Bain try to take over the island to gain access to a vein of \" supremium \" , a valuable but volatile fictional element .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan 's Island", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 69]}, {"entity": "Martin Landau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "Barbara Bain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , in 2004 , it aired on Hallmark Channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hallmark Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A video slot machine , manufactured by International Game Technology and loosely based on the show , was released in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Game Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1847 ) , Herbert ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1849 ) and Wilhelm ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His supporters fared poorly in the elections of October 1863 , in which a liberal coalition , whose primary member was the Progress Party , won over two-thirds of the seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progress Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately after he left office , citizens started to praise him and established funds to build monuments like the Bismarck Memorial or towers dedicated to him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bismarck Memorial", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tomato-based variety is widely known as salsa picada ( minced / chopped sauce ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minced", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ingredients are tossed in lime juice and optionally with either hot sauce or chamoy , then sprinkled with a salty chili powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "hot sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "chamoy", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "chili powder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to food writer Sharon Tyler Herbst , \" pico de gallo \" ( \" rooster 's beak \" ) is named thus because originally people ate it by pinching pieces between the thumb and forefinger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon Tyler Herbst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later went to college at Yale University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In South America , mouflon have been introduced into central Chile and Argentina .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the 1980 s , they have also been successfully introduced to game ranches in North America for the purpose of hunting ; however , on game ranches , purebreds are rare , as mouflon interbreed with domestic sheep and bighorn sheep .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "bighorn sheep", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [220, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically , the axiomatization of an ordered field was abstracted gradually from the real numbers , by mathematicians including David Hilbert , Otto Hölder and Hans Hahn .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "Otto Hölder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "Hans Hahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary symptoms of the disease are developmental delay , progressive intellectual disability , hypotonia ( low muscle tone ) , spasticity ( stiffness of the limbs ) possibly leading to quadriplegia , and progressive dementia .", "entity": [{"entity": "intellectual disability", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathologically , there is status spongiosus of the cerebral grey matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pathologically", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After graduating in 1938 , he studied law at Osgoode Hall Law School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osgoode Hall Law School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1971 to 1977 , he was Chancellor of McMaster University .", "entity": [{"entity": "McMaster University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact quantum scattering matrix was discovered by Alexander Zamolodchikov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Zamolodchikov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His primary playing position was shortstop and he spent his entire six-year career with the New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a coach with the Philadelphia Phillies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "915 fielding percentage and 47 errors was far worse than the organization that employed Ozzie Smith at short was used to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That did not occur until his third major league game against the Seattle Mariners on September 3 , .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His elder brother was William de Burgh ( d .", "entity": [{"entity": "William de Burgh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would eventually serve under Major-General Joseph Wheeler , seeing action in the Second Battle of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie 's Bridge , along with other battles as a part of the Army of Mississippi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Wheeler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Second Battle of Corinth", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [84, 108]}, {"entity": "Battle of Hatchie 's Bridge", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [117, 144]}, {"entity": "Army of Mississippi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father was an oil industry manager whose work led the family to successive homes in Ohio , Texas , Colorado and New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Colorado", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of their earlier numbers had a driving beat , but by \" Images \" , their third album , ballads predominated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Images", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Tilt \" was released in 1995 , developing and expanding the working methods explored on \" Climate of Hunter \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tilt", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 6]}, {"entity": "Climate of Hunter", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This award had been presented only twice before , the first time to Phil Spector , and the second to Brian Eno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Spector", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Brian Eno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both composition and atmosphere , \" The Drift \" was a continuation of the surreal , menacing , partially abstract approach displayed on \" Climate of Hunter \" and \" Tilt \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Drift", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Climate of Hunter", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Tilt", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "strand , presented by Alan Yentob .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Yentob", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each song was presented in a music-theatre manner , with the vocal parts taken by a number of singers , including Jarvis Cocker , Damon Albarn and Dot Allison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jarvis Cocker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "Damon Albarn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "Dot Allison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tributes included those from Thom Yorke , Marc Almond , and Neil Hannon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thom Yorke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Marc Almond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Neil Hannon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a member of Miles Davis 's band in the late 1960 s , he participated in the birth of jazz fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miles Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surrounded by jazz , he was influenced at an early age by bebop and Dizzy Gillespie , Charlie Parker , Bud Powell , Horace Silver , and Lester Young .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dizzy Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "Bud Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "Horace Silver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Lester Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quit after finding both disappointing , but remained in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He released his debut album , \" Tones for Joan 's Bones \" , in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tones for Joan 's Bones", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , a third species , the Tapanuli orangutan ( \" P. tapanuliensis \" ) , was identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tapanuli orangutan", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae , who split from humans , chimpanzees and gorillas 19.3 to 15.7 million years ago ( mya ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ponginae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan 's diet , but the apes will also eat vegetation , bark , honey , insects and bird eggs .", "entity": [{"entity": "honey", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas and they have been kept in captive facilities around the world since at least the early 19th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birutė Galdikas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching , habitat destruction because of palm oil cultivation , and the illegal pet trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "palm oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orangutans also use the plant species \" Dracaena cantleyi \" as an anti-inflammatory balm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dracaena cantleyi", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other food items consumed by the apes include bark , honey , bird eggs , insects and small vertebrates including the slow loris .", "entity": [{"entity": "honey", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "slow loris", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans can use \" calculated reciprocity \" , which involves weighing the costs and benefits of gift exchanges and keeping track of these over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leipzig Zoo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tool use in orangutans was observed by primatologist Birutė Galdikas in ex-captive populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birutė Galdikas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The verified record mass was for a wintering male from Denmark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The she-wolf gives birth to a litter of five cubs by the Mackenzie River , and all but one die from hunger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mackenzie River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his professional career in 2002 with the rookie Arizona League Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona League Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his major league debut on August 29 , at the age of 20 against the Colorado Rockies ; he gave up only three hits and two runs in five innings but still ended up losing the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his first major league win on September 4 allowing one run in seven innings against the Arizona Diamondbacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He notched his first complete game , a two-hitter , against the Chicago Cubs on September 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had 186 strikeouts ( tied with Ricky Nolasco for eighth in the league ) and innings ( fifth in the league ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricky Nolasco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was tied for first in complete games thrown ( four ) with teammate Tim Lincecum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Lincecum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( who was replaced midseason by Madison Bumgarner ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Bumgarner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 25 , he threw seven shutout innings ( retiring 14 hitters in a row at one point ) and earned the win in a 1&ndash ; 0 victory over the Cleveland Indians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Facing 28 batters in 9 innings , one over the minimum , he allowed a single baserunner on a hit to James McDonald , the pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "entity": [{"entity": "James McDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Kate Bosworth , Michelle Rodriguez , Sanoe Lake and Mika Boorem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kate Bosworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Michelle Rodriguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Sanoe Lake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Mika Boorem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competing in the same heat is Keala Kennelly , one of the first professional female surfers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keala Kennelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On their weekly film recap show , Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film 3 / 4 stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Richard Roeper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After he tries and fails to turn a selfish motel owner they meet there into a rabbit ( turning him instead into a giant rabbi ) , the two end up back in Central Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rotten Tomatoes approval rating is currently 25 % based on 16 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1982 , his song \" Finally \" recorded by T. G. Sheppard reached No. 1 on the country music charts .", "entity": [{"entity": "T. G. Sheppard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to providing ample power for the people of the Pacific Northwest , the reservoirs created by the dams have created numerous recreational opportunities , including fishing , boating , and windsurfing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Northwest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He subsequently returned to his country , signing with Estudiantes de La Plata .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estudiantes de La Plata", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its first use was in the 1922 game versus rival Princeton University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Princeton University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The female condor is smaller than the male , an exception to the rule among birds of prey .", "entity": [{"entity": "birds of prey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It prefers large carcasses , such as those of deer or cattle .", "entity": [{"entity": "deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "cattle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their baldness means the skin is more exposed to the sterilizing effects of dehydration and high-altitude UV light .", "entity": [{"entity": "dehydration", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the case with most other birds of prey , the female is smaller .", "entity": [{"entity": "birds of prey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The university is a site for NIH clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is married to David Burtka .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Burtka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com , outranking fellow celebrity stars John Stamos and Alan Cumming .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Stamos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Alan Cumming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his two years at Emporia , the defense held opponents to 4.1 yards-per-play and 3.1 yards-per-carry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emporia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also sacked Frank Reich on the game ’s final play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Reich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the divisional playoff game against the Green Bay Packers , he registered 6 tackles ( 1 for loss ) , 2 passes deflected ( one was intercepted ) , 3 quarterback pressures and recovered a fumble .", "entity": [{"entity": "Green Bay Packers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 19 , 2009 , he was appointed defensive tackle coach for the University of Louisiana at Monroe .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Louisiana at Monroe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was persuaded to enter politics in 1963 by Lee Kuan Yew .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Kuan Yew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interim job lasted until 18 October 2008 when Hans Meyer became the new permanent manager .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Meyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His final match was a 2 – 1 loss to Stuttgarter Kickers on 21 March 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stuttgarter Kickers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied economics and business administration at King Abdulaziz University .", "entity": [{"entity": "King Abdulaziz University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The arms smuggler Viktor Bout helped to run the airline , maintaining planes and loading cargo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Bout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the tapes he was seen with Ramzi bin al-Shibh , as well as two of the 9 / 11 hijackers , Hamza al-Ghamdi , and Wail al-Shehri , as they made preparations for the attacks ( videotape broadcast September 7 , 2006 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramzi bin al-Shibh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "Hamza al-Ghamdi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Wail al-Shehri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The filling can be mixed with almonds , sesame seeds , coconut flakes , or sprinkles .", "entity": [{"entity": "sprinkles", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , the National Youth Music Theatre mounted an all-youth version .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Youth Music Theatre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A homemade form of \" dulce de leche \" sometimes is made by boiling an unopened can of sweetened condensed milk for two to three hours ( or 30 to 45 minutes in a pressure cooker ) , particularly by those living in countries where it cannot be bought ready-made .", "entity": [{"entity": "condensed milk", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent four very successful years in Munich and became an important part of the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He will work with his long-time friend , Alireza Marzban .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alireza Marzban", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serpent is represented by the constellation Serpens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serpens", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The southern part lies between Scorpius to the west and Sagittarius to the east .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scorpius", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Sagittarius", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is opposite Orion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orion", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2010 , the naked-eye star ζ Ophiuchi was occulted by the asteroid 824 Anastasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ζ Ophiuchi", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "824 Anastasia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , a new nearby star cluster was discovered associated with the 4th magnitude star Mu Ophiuchi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mu Ophiuchi", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the figure represents the healer Asclepius , who learned the secrets of keeping death at bay after observing one serpent bringing another healing herbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asclepius", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this confuses sign with constellation .", "entity": [{"entity": "constellation", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Button production ceased after World War II when plastics replaced mother-of-pearl as a button material .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She partnered Kevin Ullyett and lost to Jamie Murray and Liezel Huber , 5 – 7 , 4 – 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Ullyett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Jamie Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Liezel Huber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "320 in 67 games , and gradually replaced George Selkirk in right field .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Selkirk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He caught the final out when Birdie Tebbetts hit a foul popup near first base .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birdie Tebbetts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also Lou Gehrig 's final surviving teammate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou Gehrig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is buried in Dayton National Cemetery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dayton National Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father , Scott Alexander Young ( 1918 – 2005 ) , was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Alexander Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here he wrote some of his earliest and most enduring folk songs such as \" Sugar Mountain \" , about lost youth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar Mountain", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 1968 , the band split up for good , but to fulfill a contractual obligation , a final studio album , \" Last Time Around \" , was released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last Time Around", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Recorded in just two weeks , the album includes \" Cinnamon Girl \" , \" Cowgirl in the Sand \" , and \" Down by the River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cinnamon Girl", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Cowgirl in the Sand", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "Down by the River", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first complete opera , Donizetti 's \" Anna Bolena \" was presented on 17 April .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donizetti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Anna Bolena", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The auditorium was rebuilt with the same layout , except for the roof paintings which were replaced with new art works by Perejaume , and state-of-the-art stage technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perejaume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linked to the theatre is the Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu , a music college founded in 1837 which is part of the same corporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most notable work belonging to the club is a set of twelve oils on fabric , commissioned to Ramon Casas and installed in the rotunda of the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramon Casas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also the pitching coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2006 through 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his major league debut on August 24 , 1977 , against the Toronto Blue Jays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first start was against the New York Yankees on August 31 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished the season 0 - 1 , but got his first victory in his first start the following year , beating the Minnesota Twins on April 7 , 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Olympic Project for Human Rights began with black students protesting in order to have equal housing opportunities and was made into the black power movement after a Tommie Smith interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympic Project for Human Rights", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "Tommie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without wearing a batting helmet , he hit Tom Seaver 's first pitch for a home run to tie the score .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Seaver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This game featured Bucky Dent 's famous homer ( although Reggie Jackson 's was the eventual winning run ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bucky Dent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Reggie Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then went to Yankee Stadium and hit two more , tying the major league record of five home runs in two consecutive games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yankee Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also said that had he known how good Roger Clemens would be , he would have played in 1984 to have had a chance to play with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Clemens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No player has had a longer career with only one team , 23 seasons , a record he shares with Brooks Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooks Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1894 Hermann Emil Fischer outlined the concept of asymmetric induction ; in which he correctly ascribed selective the formation of - glucose by plants to be due to the influence of optically active substances within chlorophyll .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermann Emil Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first of these was X-ray crystallography , which was used to determine the absolute configuration of an organic compound by Johannes Bijvoet in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johannes Bijvoet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broadcast on NBC , the show featured business tycoon Martha Stewart .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Martha Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She soaked up the Greenwich Village culture and folk music of the early 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenwich Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alistair Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "J. R. R. Tolkien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His cousin is fellow professional footballer Steve MacKenzie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve MacKenzie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by John Gorman .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Gorman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinic , which works to the twelve-step programme philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous is based near Liphook in Hampshire and includes Kate Hoey , Alex Rae and Elton John as patrons , and is supported by the Professional Footballers ' Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcoholics Anonymous", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "Liphook", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Hampshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "Kate Hoey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Alex Rae", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "Professional Footballers ' Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [210, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There she met Qian Zhongshu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qian Zhongshu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nearby towns are Moree and St George .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moree", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "St George", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The district is now a hub for regional cotton , beef cattle , and wheat industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "beef", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a member of the David Lee Roth band and is the brother of bassist Matt Bissonette .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Lee Roth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Matt Bissonette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He subsequently joined Heracles Almelo , where he spent the major part of his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heracles Almelo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are now numerous national organizations and an International Oral History Association , which hold workshops and conferences and publish newsletters and journals devoted to oral history theory and practices .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Oral History Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film ’s background score and soundtrack is composed by A. R. Rahman , while Ashok Kumar and the duo B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan handled the cinematography and editing respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. R. Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Ashok Kumar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "B. Lenin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "V. T. Vijayan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though between the time of the announcement and the finishing stages of the film , cinematographer Ashok Kumar was publicised as the official cinematographer for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashok Kumar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the head coach of the Phoenix Suns from 2016 to 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix Suns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Utah Jazz on September 26 , 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Utah Jazz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 10 , 2013 , he signed with the Portland Trail Blazers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portland Trail Blazers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Phoenix Suns as their new assistant coach on July 30 , 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix Suns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 16 , 2009 he married actress Jennifer Freeman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Freeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its position between the Waitematā Harbour to the east ( opening upon the Pacific Ocean ) and the Manukau Harbour to the west ( opening onto the Tasman Sea ) offered a wide variety of seafood from the two harbours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waitematā Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "Pacific Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Manukau Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "Tasman Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defendants who were found guilty could appeal the verdict to the Allied Control Council .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allied Control Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Females lay up to four eggs , and then incubate them for six weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite being extirpated from or uncommon in some of its former range , the species is still widespread , being present in sizeable stretches of Eurasia , North America , and parts of North Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eurasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "North Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large subspecies are the heaviest representatives of the genus \" Aquila \" and this species is on average the seventh-heaviest living eagle species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aquila", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long , straight and powerful hallux-claw ( hind claw ) can range from , about one centimetre longer than in a bald eagle and a little more than one centimetre less than a harpy eagle .", "entity": [{"entity": "bald eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "harpy eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [175, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Buteo \" hawks , which are perhaps most similar to the golden eagle in structure among the species outside of the \" booted eagle \" group , are often counted among the larger very common raptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buteo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In desolate areas ( e.g. , the southern Yukon ) , they can occur regularly at roadkills and garbage dumps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yukon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The golden eagle occurs in mountains from the Adrar Plateau in Mauritania to northern Yemen and Oman where the desert habitat is largely bereft of vegetation but offers many rocky plateaus to support both the eagles and their prey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrar Plateau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Mauritania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Oman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Golden eagles also occupy the desert-like Great Basin from southern Idaho to northern Arizona and New Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Basin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Idaho", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Arizona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Golden eagles occupy the mountains and coastal areas of California and Baja California in Mexico where hot , dry summers and moist winters are typical .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Baja California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The golden eagles here often nest in chaparral and oak woodland , oak savanna and grassland amongst low rolling hill typified by diverse vegetation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until 1999 , a pair of golden eagles were still known to nest in Maine but they are now believed to be absent as a breeding bird from the Eastern United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Eastern United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Golden eagles usually hunt during daylight hours , but were recorded hunting from one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset during the breeding season in southwestern Idaho .", "entity": [{"entity": "Idaho", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the peak of summer in Utah , hunting and territorial flights occurred mostly between 9:00 and 11:00 am and 4:00 and 6:00 pm , with the remaining 15 or so hours of daylight spent perching or resting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Utah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At Mount Lorette in Alberta , approximately 4,000 golden eagles may pass during the fall , the largest recorded migration of golden eagles on earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Lorette", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In North Dakota , it was verified that parent eagles were not aggressive towards their own young after the nesting period and some juveniles stayed on their parents territory until their 2nd spring and then left by their own accord .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Dakota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An attempted capture of a great blue heron by a golden eagle resulted in the death of both birds from wounds sustained in the ensuing fight .", "entity": [{"entity": "great blue heron", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A captive eagle died from two malignant tumors – one in the liver and one in the kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant tumors", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If its taxonomic order is considered , it is the second most wide-ranging species after only the osprey ( \" Pandion haliaetus \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "order", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "osprey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This solution is very similar to the formula known in the kinetic theory of gases \" p \" \" = \" \" ρv \" / 3 , which was found by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Bernoulli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This separation of those two mediums was necessary , because according to his calculations the absence of any drag effect in the orbit of Neptune implies a lower limit for the particle velocity of 5 · 10 cm / s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles F. Brush in 1911 also proposed long wavelength radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles F. Brush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuing to pursue his interest in baseball , he would ride the bus for nearly an hour to reach Dodger Stadium , cheering for the Los Angeles Dodgers at about 25 games a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dodger Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Known as a savvy dresser , he made the April 1988 cover of \" GQ \" magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "GQ", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Slant Magazine \" was overwhelmingly negative on this issue , giving the film only half a star out of five and calling it the worst movie of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slant Magazine", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negotiated by the then-members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact , the agreement was signed in Helsinki , Finland , on March 24 , 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Warsaw Pact", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Helsinki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are Dagomys , Sochi , Matsesta and Khosta railway stations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dagomys", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Sochi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Matsesta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Khosta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another new railway station was built in Estosadok , close to Krasnaya Polyana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estosadok", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "Krasnaya Polyana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died at Hendon , London , in September 1961 , aged 89 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his league debut for the club in a 2 – 1 win away at Sunderland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left Middlesbrough with immediate effect on June 10 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first two quintets were notable for their personnel , including Charlie Parker 's rhythm section of drummer Roy Haynes , pianist Al Haig and bassist Tommy Potter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Roy Haynes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "Al Haig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "Tommy Potter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second bossa nova album , also recorded in 1962 , was \" Big Band Bossa Nova \" with composer and arranger Gary McFarland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Band Bossa Nova", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "Gary McFarland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His tenor saxophone of choice was the Selmer Mark VI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selmer Mark VI", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jobim and Gilberto reacted with deference and enthusiasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jobim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Gilberto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series cast includes Alan Bates , Rufus Sewell , Andy Serkis , James Frain , John Leguizamo ( in a dual role ) , Jason Scott Lee , Vanessa-Mae , Alexei Sayle , Jim Carter , James Callis , and Oded Fehr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Bates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Rufus Sewell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Andy Serkis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "James Frain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "John Leguizamo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "Jason Scott Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "Vanessa-Mae", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "Alexei Sayle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "Jim Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "James Callis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 189]}, {"entity": "Oded Fehr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of all their arguments , the Sultan ( Tony Osoba ) comes and demands to know who killed his jester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Osoba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He followed this up with a goal in his next game away to Sunderland in a 2 – 1 defeat on 25 October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 13 September , in a goalless draw against Kayserispor , playing the full match and getting booked in the third minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kayserispor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 February 2015 , he made his debut for the club after being substituted on for Joe Ledley in the eightieth minute against Arsenal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Ledley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the older brother of fellow footballers Tomi and Sammy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tomi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Sammy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was created as a spin-off series of \" Space Ghost Coast to Coast \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Space Ghost Coast to Coast", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the eighth season , the location was changed to Seattle , Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The premise was a trick that had been added to appease Cartoon Network executives , who \" did n't want to air a show about food just going around and doing random things \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cartoon Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the crew and cast members formerly worked on \" Space Ghost Coast to Coast \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Space Ghost Coast to Coast", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Voiceover artist George Lowe has made several appearances throughout the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Lowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turner Broadcasting System later admitted to placing the LEDs and apologized for the misunderstanding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turner Broadcasting System", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also features her fraternal twin sister Paola , who became a respected artist best known for her aluminum sculptures designed to bring light to the rooms due to the reflective white surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , she filed a libel suit for defamation against Beppe Grillo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beppe Grillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No bowler is too fast to hook ; no score too large to defy challenge \" and was badly bruised standing up to the bouncers of Lindwall and Miller in 1946 – 47 and 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lindwall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died following a fall at his Chesham , Buckinghamshire home on 24 April 1986 , aged 70 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chesham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Buckinghamshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , Manfred Steger and Paul James theorized this process in terms of four levels of change : changing ideas , ideologies , imaginaries and ontologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manfred Steger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Paul James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The columns from the north came through Badakhshan and from the east through Asmar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Badakhshan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Asmar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small column also came from south-west through Laghman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laghman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORGCON has since been held in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2017 , and 2019 where the keynote was given by Edward Snowden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Snowden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A portion of the ashes of her first husband , Rex Harrison , were scattered on her grave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "performing covers of Chuck Berry and Ray Charles songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chuck Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Ray Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He opened with a performance in Madison Square Garden which was attended by about 20,000 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several months later , he met producer Michael Lang , who agreed to manage him on the condition that he stay sober .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Lang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after the incident , he released his ninth studio album , \" Civilized Man \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Civilized Man", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in 29 games for the club , but due to his less dominant performances , he was told to leave at the end of the season by manager Vanderlei Luxemburgo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vanderlei Luxemburgo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Devices such as assonance , alliteration , onomatopoeia , and rhythm may convey musical or incantatory effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "onomatopoeia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante , Goethe , Mickiewicz , or Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dante", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Goethe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Mickiewicz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Rumi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vladimir Nabokov noted that overlaid on top of the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse was a separate pattern of accents resulting from the natural pitch of the spoken words , and suggested that the term \" scud \" be used to distinguish an unaccented stress from an accented stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vladimir Nabokov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poets from the earliest centuries of the sonnet to the present have utilized the form to address topics related to politics ( John Milton , Percy Bysshe Shelley , Claude McKay ) , theology ( John Donne , Gerard Manley Hopkins ) , war ( Wilfred Owen , e.e. cummings ) , and gender and sexuality ( Carol Ann Duffy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Milton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "Claude McKay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "John Donne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 225]}, {"entity": "Wilfred Owen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [236, 248]}, {"entity": "Carol Ann Duffy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [296, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , postmodern authors such as Ted Berrigan and John Berryman have challenged the traditional definitions of the sonnet form , rendering entire sequences of \" sonnets \" that often lack rhyme , a clear logical progression , or even a consistent count of fourteen lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Berrigan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "John Berryman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most famous poet in this type of poetry is Hafez , whose poems often include the theme of exposing hypocrisy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hafez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as the \" father of speculative poetry \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edgar Allan Poe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable writers of light poetry include Lewis Carroll , Ogden Nash , X. J. Kennedy , Willard R. Espy , and Wendy Cope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis Carroll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Ogden Nash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "X. J. Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "Willard R. Espy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Wendy Cope", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" DASK \" was the first computer in Denmark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was commissioned in 1955 , designed and constructed by Regnecentralen , and began operation in September 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Regnecentralen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His pianoless quartet of the early 1950 s with trumpeter Chet Baker is still regarded as one of the best cool jazz groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chet Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this point , he had mastered a melodic and linear playing style , inspired by Lester Young , that he would retain for the rest of his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lester Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At various times in the 1970 s he performed with Charles Mingus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Mingus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also shortly played for the Laredo Broncos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laredo Broncos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has one younger sister , Laura Lopes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laura Lopes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His cousin Ben Elliot was his best man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Elliot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed by the Houston Astros in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was quickly installed as the club 's regular left fielder , replacing Jim Fuller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel takes place in Virginia , somewhere near the Shenandoah River , and quickly establishes its plot line in a post-apocalyptic era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Shenandoah River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a play that she co-wrote with Sam Shepard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Shepard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was romantically involved at the time with the band 's keyboardist , Allen Lanier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allen Lanier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rawer sound of the group 's second album , \" Radio Ethiopia \" , reflected this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radio Ethiopia", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the meantime , she contributed with a special introduction to Jessica Lange 's book \" 50 Photographs \" ( 2009 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jessica Lange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starring an independent , quick-thinking and inventive heroine , the series was filmed on location in the city of Glendale and in various parts of Tuolumne County in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glendale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Tuolumne County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film series star , Helen Holmes , who began her career at Keystone Studios , did most of her own stunts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helen Holmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Keystone Studios", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series used several different stuntmen for the male parts , including Leo D. Maloney and the up-and-coming Harold Lloyd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo D. Maloney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Harold Lloyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that moment , Nello Lauredi was the leader in the race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nello Lauredi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the sixth stage , Fiorenzo Magni escaped , and became the leader of the general classification by twelve seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiorenzo Magni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The winner , André Rosseel , had only reached 29 \" km/h .", "entity": [{"entity": "André Rosseel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The script was illustrated by the well-known caricaturist George Cruikshank .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Cruikshank", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Don Hutson ( 825 points in 11 seasons ) and Bob Waterfield ( 573 points in eight seasons ) had scored more points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Hutson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "Bob Waterfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This record is now held by Mercer University who finished 10 - 2 in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercer University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father worked as a ditch digger and window cleaner during the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gramineae ) , which includes the starch staples barley , maize , millet , rice , and wheat as well as bamboos ( mostly used structurally , like wood , but somewhat as vegetables ) , and a few \" seasonings \" like sugarcane and lemongrass .", "entity": [{"entity": "barley", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "millet", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two sedges , chufa ( \" Cyperus esculentus \" , also a significant weed ) and water chestnut ( \" Eleocharis dulcis \" ) are still at least locally important wetland starchy root crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyperus esculentus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "Eleocharis dulcis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was handed the number 28 shirt , previously worn by Damien Plessis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damien Plessis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released on 31 May 2004 in Canada only .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 170 countries have signed on to the changes , including the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order for IMO standards to be binding , they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined gross tonnage represents at least 50 % of the world 's gross tonnage , a process that can be lengthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "IMO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He switched to computer science during a stint as a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "referred to the cured carcass of the fat nestling of the Manx shearwater , a former delicacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manx shearwater", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the season , he accepted an offer to play with the Oakland Athletics after becoming a free agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( subsequently broken by Fernando Tatís in 1999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fernando Tatís", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He elected to sign with the Pittsburgh Pirates the following season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was picked up off waivers by the Detroit Tigers on September 15 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1889 , he was adjudged the school 's second best sportsman , behind only C. B. Fry .", "entity": [{"entity": "C. B. Fry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and shared a partnership of 262 with Charles Bernard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Bernard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A broth is a flavored liquid usually derived from boiling a type of meat with bone , a spice mix , or a vegetable mix for a period of time in a stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "stock", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rickey Henderson is widely regarded as the prototypical leadoff hitter for a combination of a high on-base percentage , power , speed , and base-running judgment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rickey Henderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another writing session took place in Barbados on January 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbados", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Charlie Watts would relieve the tense environment by working with percussionist Jim Keltner , whom he later drafted for a solo project .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Watts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Jim Keltner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carried from the pitch on a stretcher , his 31st - minute substitute was Rio Ferdinand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rio Ferdinand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second goal in the first leg was a spectacular one ; he controlled Claude Makélélé 's cross with his chest then turned and swivelled and sent the ball inside the far post with a left-foot half volley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude Makélélé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Carlo Ancelotti said that he injured his abductor muscle in his leg in training on 11 November , and would not be fit until December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlo Ancelotti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 6 October , he scored his third league goal of the season in a 4 – 1 win against Norwich City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norwich City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sporting director Claudio Reyna hailed him as \" one of the greatest players in world history \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claudio Reyna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the under-21 side from November 1997 to June 2000 , and scored nine goals in 19 appearances , a mark bettered only by Alan Shearer and Francis Jeffers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Shearer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Francis Jeffers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named in the team of the tournament by UEFA .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was subsequently replaced by Jordan Henderson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan Henderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first loss as a manager came on 11 August in a 4 – 1 loss against Leeds United , in his second match in charge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Near Trieste , a wind gust damaged one of the tail fins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trieste", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The airship struggled to gain ground and break through to the zone of calmer winds which expedition meteorologist Finn Malmgren predicted was just ahead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finn Malmgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The position of the crash was close to , approximately northeast of Nordaustlandet , Svalbard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordaustlandet", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Svalbard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drifting sea ice later took the survivors towards Foyn and Broch islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "Broch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This fact drove meteorologist Finn Malmgren to attempt suicide twice soon after the crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finn Malmgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reservoir is owned by Suez North America , a private utility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suez North America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film explores issues of metempsychosis , That year , she moved to New York City , where she remained until 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late 1967 East Los Angeles had a school system entrenched in racial disparities .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved on to Corby Town , making his début in a 3 – 3 draw against Farnborough on 21 March 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corby Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Farnborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died early in 1961 in Newark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and later on July was transferred to Steve McClaren 's FC Twente .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve McClaren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "FC Twente", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constructed in 1521 , Casa Blanca served as the first fortification of the settlement and residence of Juan Ponce de León descendants , until the mid-eighteenth century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casa Blanca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Juan Ponce de León", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 28 , 1897 , the wall demolition was officially started after a proclamation was issued by Queen Maria Christina .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maria Christina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the historic fortifications are part of San Juan National Historic Site .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Juan National Historic Site", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first of these were the spirituals \" Steal Away \" backed with \" Were You There \" in 1925 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steal Away", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Were You There", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coach , Foster Sanford , decided he had overcome the provocation and announced that he had made the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foster Sanford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a standout junior year of football , he was recognized in \" The Crisis \" for his athletic , academic , and singing talents .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Crisis", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walter Camp considered him the greatest end ever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Camp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His rendition of \" Ol ' Man River \" became the benchmark for all future performers of the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ol ' Man River", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This organization was thought to be a threat to the NAACP antiviolence movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 12 \" pall bearers included Harry Belafonte and Fritz Pollard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Belafonte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Fritz Pollard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She started reading material that her employer gave her on politics and sociology It was here that she met her future second husband , Gottfried Lessing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gottfried Lessing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received the prize at the age of 88 years 52 days , making her the oldest winner of the literature prize at the time of the award and the third-oldest Nobel laureate in any category ( after Leonid Hurwicz and Raymond Davis Jr. ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonid Hurwicz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 208]}, {"entity": "Raymond Davis Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [213, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2007 , he agreed a move back to Brøndby IF , signing a five-year contract effective from 1 July .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brøndby IF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He came on in the 69th minute as a substitute for Ebbe Sand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ebbe Sand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been infected at a birthday party in Amsterdam , which he attended with former teammates Christian Poulsen and Thomas Kahlenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Christian Poulsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "Thomas Kahlenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , a controversy exported from geology , between supporters of James Hutton ( uniformitarianism thesis ) and Georges Cuvier ( catastrophism ) strongly influenced the field of geography , because geography at this time was a natural science .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Hutton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Georges Cuvier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panathinaikos F.C. and RCD Espanyol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panathinaikos F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "RCD Espanyol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , on 9 April 2009 , he was sacked , as the club claimed he had divulged sensitive information without permission from the hierarchy , which included Dexter Blackstock 's loan move to Nottingham Forest having been agreed without his knowledge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexter Blackstock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 174]}, {"entity": "Nottingham Forest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 4 July 2010 , he departed by mutual consent , set to take the vacant managerial post at Leicester City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owner Milan Mandarić stated that he was delighted to \" acquire a manager of such great calibre \" , adding he was \" the right man to take our club forward \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan Mandarić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left on 6 June 2017 , following the appointment of Stefano Pioli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stefano Pioli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the measures he took were controversial ; the free-market ethos of the Fourth Labour Government did not always conform to traditional expectations of a social-democratic party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fourth Labour Government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A secret diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks in 2010 covers the accidental release of the document .", "entity": [{"entity": "WikiLeaks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facility is located along the Detroit International Riverfront , and within walking distance of several downtown hotels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit International Riverfront", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The audiobook , read by Anthony Heald , is unabridged and runs approximately 7 hours over 6 CDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Heald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Jackie Chan , Steve Coogan and Cécile de France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Chan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Steve Coogan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Cécile de France", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 , the \" Los Angeles Times \" listed the film as one of the most expensive box office flops of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 13 September , he scored on his debut against Lorient in the 26th minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorient", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2nd half , he assisted his teammate Frédéric Nimani 's goal before being substituted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frédéric Nimani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team was led by former national team captain Hong Myung-bo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Myung-bo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the tournament , he was named captain of the national team to replace the retiring Park Ji-sung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Park Ji-sung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cemetery was based on the Père Lachaise and Montparnasse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Père Lachaise", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Montparnasse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 33 % based on reviews from 170 critics , with an average score of 5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He got his first hit in the majors six days later at Yankee Stadium , a single off New York 's Fritz Peterson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yankee Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "Fritz Peterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He accepted under the condition that the job be part-time because he was still working for the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company , which he had joined after his professional baseball career ended .", "entity": [{"entity": "Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various species formerly classified as \" Sedum \" are now in the segregate genera \" Hylotelephium \" and \" Rhodiola \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hylotelephium", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Rhodiola", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many sedums are cultivated as ornamental garden plants , due to their interesting and attractive appearance and hardiness .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornamental", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biting stonecrop ( \" Sedum acre \" ) contains high quantities of piperidine alkaloids ( namely ( + ) - sedridine , ( − ) - sedamine , sedinone and isopelletierine ) , which give it a sharp , peppery , acrid taste and make it somewhat toxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sedum acre", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 14th solo studio album , \" Coolaid , \" was released in July 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coolaid", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His tenth studio album , \" Malice n Wonderland , \" was released on December 8 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malice n Wonderland", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While he was performing , the logo for Beyond Meat was displayed on the screens behind him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beyond Meat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johnnie Cochran defended both men .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnnie Cochran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extensive mudfats are home to large populations of invertebrates , especially annelid worms , the snail \" Hydrobia \" and the amphipod \" Corophium \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "annelid", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "Hydrobia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "Corophium", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flora includes beds consisting of three species of eel grass , \" Zostera \" , and algae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zostera", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large flocks of pink-footed goose and greylag goose use the basin to roost in and feed in the surrounding farmland .", "entity": [{"entity": "greylag goose", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These proteins are commonly found in mammalian milk , comprising c .", "entity": [{"entity": "milk", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Casein has a wide variety of uses , from being a major component of cheese , to use as a food additive .", "entity": [{"entity": "cheese", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and is the former coach of Barbora Špotáková .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbora Špotáková", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The caterpillar is green with a short , forked tail , and the chrysalis ( pupa ) is green or dark brown .", "entity": [{"entity": "caterpillar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nita Kibble was another early member of the library staff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nita Kibble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The digitisation of the papers of Sir Joseph Banks , completed in 1997 , was the first digitisation project of original manuscripts undertaken by the library .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "towards York .", "entity": [{"entity": "York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A music video for the song was recorded in The Bahamas in February 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Bahamas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She attended Van Nuys High School , where she was a cheerleader and an honor student .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Nuys High School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , she began appearing as one of three judges on the Fox reality competition series \" American Idol \" , where she won praise as a sympathetic and compassionate judge and mentor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She seemed especially kind compared to fellow judge Simon Cowell , who was often blunt in his appraisals of the contestants ' performances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Cowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in July 1834 , aged 72 , and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son , Henry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also features Adolphe Menjou and Xavier Cugat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolphe Menjou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Xavier Cugat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was composed by Jerome Kern and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerome Kern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Johnny Mercer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is set in Buenos Aires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He accomplished this feat a year younger than the previous record holder , Gregg Olson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gregg Olson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in 25 games , going 1 – 1 with a 1.09 ERA and 10 saves before being traded in July to the Baltimore Orioles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 17 , he recorded his 368th career save , passing Jeff Reardon for eighth place on the list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Reardon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He bowled Ian Bradshaw and Daren Powell before getting Corey Collymore LBW to seal the victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Bradshaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Daren Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Corey Collymore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first ran from June 2015 to October 2017 , when Ottis Gibson took over the role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottis Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Peter Funt , who had co-hosted the specials with his father since 1987 , became the producer and host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Funt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A United Kingdom version of the format aired from 1960 to 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catchphrase became a song with music and lyrics by Sid Ramin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sid Ramin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another episode , the show filmed the reactions of citizens after they saw the former President Harry S. Truman walking down the street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry S. Truman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show also aired a season in daily syndication ( 1991 – 92 ) with Dom DeLuise as host and Eva LaRue as co-host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dom DeLuise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Eva LaRue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable guests included the actor Harold Davies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harold Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final season of the 60 s version and first season of the 70 s version aired on JLTV from 2012 to 2013 , and returned to the weekday schedule in December 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "JLTV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some shows have been criticized because of the potential cruelty inherent in the pranks , such as \" Scare Tactics \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scare Tactics", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1902 Bohuslav Brauner suggested that there was a then-unknown element with properties intermediate between those of the known elements neodymium ( 60 ) and samarium ( 62 ) ; this was confirmed in 1914 by Henry Moseley , who , having measured the atomic numbers of all the elements then known , found that atomic number 61 was missing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bohuslav Brauner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "Henry Moseley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1938 , during a nuclear experiment conducted at Ohio State University , a few radioactive nuclides were produced that certainly were not radioisotopes of neodymium or samarium , but there was a lack of chemical proof that element 61 was produced , and the discovery was not generally recognized .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This prediction was supported in 1914 by Henry Moseley who , having discovered that atomic number was an experimentally measurable property of elements , found that a few atomic numbers had no known corresponding elements : the gaps were 43 , 61 , 72 , 75 , 85 , and 87 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Moseley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity , cancer and infection , with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "autoimmunity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders , including systemic lupus erythematosus , Sjögren syndrome , scleroderma , mixed connective tissue disease , polymyositis , dermatomyositis , autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus .", "entity": [{"entity": "systemic lupus erythematosus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [86, 114]}, {"entity": "Sjögren syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "scleroderma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "mixed connective tissue disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [150, 181]}, {"entity": "polymyositis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "dermatomyositis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [199, 214]}, {"entity": "autoimmune hepatitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [217, 237]}, {"entity": "drug induced lupus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [242, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both anti-glycoprotein - 210 ( anti-gp 210 ) and anti-nucleoporin 62 ( anti-p 62 ) antibodies are antibodies to components of the nuclear membrane and are found in primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary biliary cirrhosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [164, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive ANA as well as anti-DNA antibodies have been reported in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "autoimmune thyroid disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [80, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the stem , the plant produces a white , lily-like flower in diameter , with six yellow stamens .", "entity": [{"entity": "flower", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When made into a tea with horsetail ( \" Equisetum hyemale \" ) , it is claimed to be good for bleeding or ulcers of bowels , or for tumors and inflammation of the bowels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Equisetum hyemale", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1848 , after the outbreak of the revolution , he went to Vienna and entered the student 's legion which played a prominent role in the disturbances ; he fought against the imperial troops during the siege of the city in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vienna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just before , he had made a very brief tour in Jamaica and South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamaica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1852 he went to India , and while travelling in that country he was appointed under-secretary for foreign affairs in his father 's first administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By October 1879 it was clear enough that he had thrown in his lot with the Liberal Party , but it was not till March 1880 that he publicly announced this change of allegiance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not at first take office in the second Gladstone government , but became Colonial Secretary in December 1882 , holding this position till the fall of that government in the summer of 1885 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gladstone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother , Frederick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was suspended by United World Wrestling for two years in August 2015 , because of a \" whereabouts failure \" during his doping test .", "entity": [{"entity": "United World Wrestling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died there from a heart attack on 18 June 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the return of a jazz club owner to New Orleans with the intent of kindling a \" jazz renaissance \" from the recently displaced musicians would be an example of culture speculation .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caper plants are found even 3,500 m above sea level in Ladakh , though they are usually grown at lower altitudes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ladakh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean annual temperatures in areas under cultivation are over 14 \" °C and rainfall varies from 200 \" mm / year in Spain to 460 \" mm / year in Pantelleria and 680 \" mm / year in Salina .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "Pantelleria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "Salina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Pantelleria , digging backhoe pits for each shrub was found to be the most effective means of cultivating caper in rocky soils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pantelleria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 100 gram amount , the sodium content is 2960 \" mg or 197 % DV , with vitamin K ( 23 % DV ) , iron ( 13 % DV ) , and riboflavin ( 12 % DV ) also having appreciable levels ( table ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin K", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "riboflavin", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "163 ) and Theophrastus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theophrastus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was played at the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ericsson Globe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Stockholm", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 1 March 2004 , he and teammate Victor Uchevatov were traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Viktor Kozlov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Uchevatov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Florida Panthers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Viktor Kozlov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He and his brother James served under William Henry Harrison in Upper Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "William Henry Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "Upper Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that time , following the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson in 1801 , many young , democratically minded aspiring politicians were seeking office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Jefferson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an MEP , she belonged to the Estonian Centre Party until she decided to leave on 9 April 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estonian Centre Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her daughter is politician Liisa Oviir .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liisa Oviir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indirect realism , the view held by John Locke and Nicolas Malebranche , proposes that we can only be aware of mental representations of objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Nicolas Malebranche", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most influential proponents of idealism was George Berkeley who maintained that everything was mind or dependent upon mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Berkeley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Hume is probably the most influential proponent of skepticism .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Hume concluded that things appear extended because they have attributes of colour and solidity .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Germany , most contemporary telephones have a specific button functioning as call return , which is an internal function of the telephone itself ( the number of the last caller is stored inside the phone at the time of that last call ) and thus does n't have a numeric code .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2010 , he supported Richard Bruton 's leadership challenge to Enda Kenny .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Bruton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Enda Kenny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His composition teacher was Simon Sechter , an eminent professor who was the teacher of many other successful musicians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Sechter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He taught until the age of 85 , leaving for Dresden in 1915 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dresden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King died of tuberculosis after 45 days in office .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the exceptions of John Tyler and Andrew Johnson - both of whom succeeded to the presidency - he is the shortest-serving vice president .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Tyler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Andrew Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franklin Pierce was nominated for president , and King was nominated for vice president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following King 's death , the office of vice president was vacant until John C. Breckinridge was inaugurated with President James Buchanan in March 1857 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John C. Breckinridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "James Buchanan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but eventually led to the withdrawal of federal troops and the end of Reconstruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reconstruction", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 2000 season , the Philadelphia Phillies signed the reliever as a free agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a college football analyst for ESPN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed by the Detroit Lions four days later , where he spent the rest of his career until his retirement after the 2002 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Lions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appears as an in-studio personality and , in 2005 , began traveling with Chris Fowler , Lee Corso , and Kirk Herbstreit to marquee matchup sites during the season for the pre-game show \" ESPN College Gameday \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Fowler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Lee Corso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "Kirk Herbstreit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "ESPN College Gameday", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [190, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nick Weir took the programme over in 2000 and hosted it until the end of series 16 on 23 April 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 9 October 2012 , ITV announced that it had ordered a full series after a successful pilot .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Nick Weir series , there was no money randomiser ; the cash prize was set as default to £ 100 in round 1 and £ 150 in round 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Nick Weir took over as host in 2000 , not only would contestants win the money allocated but they would also win spot prizes if a sound was played after the contestant guessed a catchphrase correctly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A correct answer won the contestant the predetermined money amount , plus a chance to solve the bonus catchphrase , which was hidden behind nine squares with the show 's logo on each ( or random shapes in the Nick Weir / Mark Curry era ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [209, 218]}, {"entity": "Mark Curry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Nick Weir took over as host in 2000 , the format of the super catchphrase changed considerably .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Stephen Mulhern era , there were 15 numbered squares in the form of a pyramid ( with 15 at the top ) with each row , starting at the bottom , being worth a higher amount of money ( £ 2,500 / £ 5,000 / £ 10,000 / £ 25,000 / £ 50,000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Mulhern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roy Walker himself records voice samples for the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also used on \" Family Catchphrase \" in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Family Catchphrase", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 2013 , the voiceover has been provided by Jonathan Gould .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Gould", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also seen some popularity in regions of the United States and Canada where the aforementioned diasporas are common .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composer Michael Nyman 's score to the movie was abruptly replaced with music by Alan Silvestri for the theatrical release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Nyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Alan Silvestri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The section of the highway between M-50 and Manchester was built as a limited-access highway .", "entity": [{"entity": "M-50", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highway clips the corner of Jackson County , running for almost through Waterloo Township before crossing into Ingham County south of Stockbridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Waterloo Township", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Ingham County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "Stockbridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She later married literary critic and translator Martin Greenberg , and worked for years as a teacher and tutor for troubled children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Greenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the first century A.D. dates a fresco at the Baths of Trajan in Rome depicting a bird 's eye view of an ancient city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baths of Trajan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 65]}, {"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halfway through the 17th century the cityscape became an independent genre in the Netherlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cities like Amsterdam , Haarlem and The Hague also became popular subjects for paintings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Haarlem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 18th century was a flourishing period for cityscape painting in Venice ( Canaletto , Guardi ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Canaletto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Guardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well-known living cityscape painters are Rackstraw Downes , Antonio López García , and Richard Estes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rackstraw Downes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Antonio López García", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Richard Estes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost the title to Kid Kash on August 26 , but regained it a little over two weeks later on September 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kid Kash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then feuded with Monty Brown and Samoa Joe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monty Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Samoa Joe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file an official land claim .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Overton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neighborhoods outside of the downtown core , especially in slightly higher elevations near the West Hills and Mount Tabor , can experience a dusting of snow while downtown receives no accumulation at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Hills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "Mount Tabor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also contains the St. Johns neighborhood , which is historically one of the most ethnically diverse and poorest neighborhoods in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Johns", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city held its first pride festival in 1975 on the Portland State University campus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portland State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other heavy industry companies include ESCO Corporation and Oregon Steel Mills .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESCO Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Oregon Steel Mills", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Gus Van Sant has notably set and shot many of his films in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gus Van Sant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World Forestry Center Discovery Museum , located in the city 's Washington Park area , offers educational exhibits on forests and forest-related subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Forestry Center Discovery Museum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 42]}, {"entity": "Washington Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mount Tabor Park is known for its scenic views and historic reservoirs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Tabor Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oregon Health & Science University is a university hospital formed in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon Health & Science University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is one of only three people to have served as Home Secretary , Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer , the others being Rab Butler and James Callaghan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rab Butler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "James Callaghan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance \" Brome mosaic virus \" has a genome split between 3 viral particles , and all 3 particles with the different RNAs are required for infection to take place .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [144, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alongside actors Sam Rockwell and Aisha Tyler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Rockwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "Aisha Tyler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later that summer , she appeared in her own semi-scripted reality sitcom for VH1 , \" The Cho Show , \" which premiered on August 21 , 2008 and lasted one season .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "The Cho Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She next appeared in the supporting cast of the series \" Drop Dead Diva , \" which debuted in July 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drop Dead Diva", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has also been outspoken about her dislike of former President George W. Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It features guests who primarily work in show business and features original music by Garrison Starr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garrison Starr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that episode , she recounted an incident between her and actress Tilda Swinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tilda Swinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also struck up a friendship with Winchester art student Brian Eno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Brian Eno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Paul Thompson completed the band 's line up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first known systematic study of non-convex polygons in general was made by Thomas Bradwardine in the 14th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Bradwardine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1952 , Geoffrey Colin Shephard generalized the idea of polygons to the complex plane , where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one , to create complex polygons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoffrey Colin Shephard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They demonstrated that the gene for frog ribosomal RNA could be transferred into bacterial cells and expressed by them .", "entity": [{"entity": "frog", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First they developed a chemical cell transformation method for Escherichia coli , then they constructed a plasmid , which would be the vector , called pSC101 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" peanut butter cup \" is a molded chocolate candy with a peanut butter filling inside .", "entity": [{"entity": "chocolate", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "peanut butter", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following a suggestion by her employer , she opted to study law and was accepted at the University of Chicago Law School in 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago Law School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was defeated by Territorial Senator Daniel Inouye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Inouye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That year at the national convention in Los Angeles , she gained recognition when she spoke on the party 's position in regard to civil rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passed in 1971 , the bill was vetoed by President Richard Nixon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She opposed legislation that would limit liability for product injuries and work place discrimination and objected to the ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "North American Free Trade Agreement", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [142, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recognition of the national mourning of her death , Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld ordered all flags at military institutions lowered to half staff in her honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific , near the Punchbowl Crater .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 63]}, {"entity": "Punchbowl Crater", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her vacant seat was filled by Ed Case after a special election on January 4 , 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Case", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , 29-year - old actress ( and former model ) Ele Keats booked the part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ele Keats", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original plan of shooting in Shanghai had to be revoked so production had to be moved to Hong Kong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steven Soderbergh 's contribution drew mixed notices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Soderbergh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His teammate Mark Buehrle broke the record for most consecutive batters retired on July 28 , 2009 , ending with 45 in a row .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Buehrle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son , Robinson Canó , whom he named after Jackie Robinson , currently is the second baseman for the New York Mets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robinson Canó", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Jackie Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series premiered on ABC on September 30 , 1996 and ended on March 15 , 1997 , after one season of seventeen episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from Moscow State University in 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his candidate degree in 1961 ( Andrey Kolmogorov was his advisor ) and a doctoral degree in 1967 for his work \" On statistical sequential analysis \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrey Kolmogorov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1846 , General Winfield Scott visited the city , and let his hosts know that he desired an evening of chess with a strong local player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winfield Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with the medical wisdom of the time , he was treated with leeches , resulting in his losing a significant amount of blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "treated with leeches", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scenes set in Denmark were actually filmed in Surrey , England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 59 % based on 54 reviews , with an average rating of 6.66 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He begins a journey to the camp in Mudon where his comrades were sent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mudon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded a scholarship to study at the University of Oxford , and obtained from there a BPhil degree in 1971 , with a thesis on civil disobedience supervised by R. M. Hare and published as a book in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "R. M. Hare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also has been a regular contributor to Project Syndicate since 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Project Syndicate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother had Alzheimer 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [15, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview with Ronald Bailey , published in December 2000 , he explained that his sister shares the responsibility of making decisions about his mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Bailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was promoted to assistant coach / defensive line in 1998 by new head coach Chan Gailey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chan Gailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He interviewed on January 10 but was informed the next day the organization would be hiring San Francisco 49ers offensive coordinator Mike McCarthy instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco 49ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 111]}, {"entity": "Mike McCarthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Desire \" ( ) is a 1921 silent film directed by F. W. Murnau and starring Conrad Veidt .", "entity": [{"entity": "F. W. Murnau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Conrad Veidt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are the forms originally used by Joseph Fourier and are still preferred in some applications , such as signal processing or statistics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Fourier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier treaties had only controlled opium , coca , and derivatives such as morphine , heroin and cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "coca", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1962 issue of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs ' \" Bulletin on Narcotics \" proudly announced that \" after a definite transitional period , all non-medical use of narcotic drugs , such as opium smoking , opium eating , consumption of cannabis ( hashish , marijuana ) and chewing of coca leaves , will be outlawed everywhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Commission on Narcotic Drugs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 48]}, {"entity": "Bulletin on Narcotics", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the current move in Switzerland to enshrine cannabis decriminalization in the national constitution by popular initiative could profit from this rule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , in 2000 , Prairie Plant Systems was awarded a five-year contract to grow cannabis in the Flin Flon mine for Health Canada , that nation 's licit cannabis cultivation authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prairie Plant Systems", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "Flin Flon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Health Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Richard Nixon administration took no action to implement the recommendation , however .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", played by Grace Fulton and Michelle Borth , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grace Fulton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Michelle Borth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the waterworks closed in 1909 the facility was used for several purposes , including the Philadelphia Aquarium ( which closed in 1962 ) and an indoor swimming pool which closed in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Aquarium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moths gather pollen from the flowers and deposit it on the stigma of a flower , the ovary of which they lay their eggs in ; the larvae eat of the fruit capsule as it grows , but leave behind some seeds to develop into fruit .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit capsule", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1973 , he signed with the Kansas City Royals but was released in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may also be a reference to Edgar Allan Poe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edgar Allan Poe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and went undrafted by the NHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first-team debut on 3 January 2004 , coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2 – 0 FA Cup victory against Notts County .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Notts County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored three goals in total over the course of the season , including his goals home and away against Aston Villa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier in the game , he had a penalty saved by Thibaut Courtois .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thibaut Courtois", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then worked as research assistant for a trade union , having joined the Labor Party as soon as he was eligible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labor Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He voted against John Gorton 's motion to decriminalise homosexuality in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Gorton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Tom Uren he was a \" very narrow-minded young man \" who later matured and became less socially conservative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Uren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Institutions such as New York University , Cornell Tech and Rockefeller University have been ranked among the top 40 in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "Cornell Tech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Rockefeller University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "North of the island is Long Island Sound , across which are the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Island Sound", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "Connecticut", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several branches of the MTA Metro-North Railroad serve the region 's rail commuters .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTA Metro-North Railroad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its county seat is Milford .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of this , most ( 50.6 % or 2,992,639 ) were born in Latin America , 27.0 % or 1,595,523 were born in Asia , 17.4 % or 1,028,506 were born in Europe , 3.8 % or 224,109 were born in Africa , and 0.2 % or 11,957 were born in Oceania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 190]}, {"entity": "Oceania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many television and radio stations use the top of the Empire State Building to broadcast their terrestrial television signals , while some media entities broadcast from studios in Times Square .", "entity": [{"entity": "Empire State Building", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 75]}, {"entity": "Times Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel has been adapted for television by HBO as the second season of the TV series \" Game of Thrones \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "Game of Thrones", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were swept by the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round of the playoffs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Lakers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game sold out the first run of 8,000 copies within a week when it was released in Lebanon , Syria , Iran , Bahrain , and United Arab Emirates in early 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "United Arab Emirates", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in two games for the Houston Astros in the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is most widely known for yielding Barry Bonds ' record-tying 70th home run on October 4 , 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Bonds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bordering nearly the entire reservoir is the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge , which has preserved much of the high prairie and hill country around the lake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made the major league roster after spring training , but was designated for assignment on May 13 , 2009 , to make room on the 25 man active roster for Dontrelle Willis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dontrelle Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 1 , 2010 , he was designated for assignment to make room for spot starter Esmil Rogers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Esmil Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 11 , 2011 , he was signed to a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 23 , 2009 , he was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves along with Oleksiy Pecherov , Etan Thomas , and a first-round draft pick for Randy Foye and Mike Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Timberwolves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "Oleksiy Pecherov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Etan Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Randy Foye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "Mike Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also helped them to reach the FA Cup semi-finals , where they lost 4 – 1 to eventual cup winners Everton .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later enrolled in Centennial College to study journalism , and then went to McMaster University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Centennial College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "McMaster University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBC picked the show up in 1981 and it quickly became a fan favorite .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His crypt lies just above fellow actor Fred MacMurray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred MacMurray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served as a hitting instructor for the Oakland Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , the award went to teammate Bob Allison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Allison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the third inning of the game he stretched for a ball thrown by shortstop Jim Fregosi , his foot slipped , and he did the splits , rupturing his left medial hamstring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Fregosi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also finished with the record of having the most plate appearances ( 9,831 ) in his career without a sacrifice hit ( since broken by Frank Thomas with 10,074 plate appearances ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 1990 , he was rushed to the hospital with a collapsed lung and damaged esophagus .", "entity": [{"entity": "collapsed lung", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using its front claws , \" C. exigua \" severs the blood vessels in the fish 's tongue , causing the tongue to atrophy from lack of blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be found from the Gulf of California south to north of the Gulf of Guayaquil , Ecuador , as well as in parts of the Atlantic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf of California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Gulf of Guayaquil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "Ecuador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Atlantic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he had already begun to look for a reprieve from his duties at the institution , as well as life in Philadelphia , in order to focus more on his writing and raising a family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having previously visited the University of Wyoming , he accepted an offer to join its faculty .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Wyoming", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the history of computer language design during the 1960 s can be traced to the ALGOL 60 language .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALGOL 60", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its primary goal was to add dynamic lists and types , allowing it to be used in roles similar to Lisp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisp", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key platform was the Apple II , where it saw widespread use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apple II", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free Pascal is an open source , cross-platform alternative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Free Pascal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Singapore exemplifies a case of a numerically weak opposition ; South Africa under the \" apartheid \" regime maintained a long-term imbalance in the parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Cephalanthera rubra \" , known as \" red helleborine \" , is an orchid found in Europe , North Africa and southwest Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "North Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although reasonably common in parts of its range , this Cephalanthera has always been one of the rarest orchids in Britain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cephalanthera", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not to be confused with \" Epipactis atrorubens \" ( dark red helleborine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epipactis atrorubens", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is however rare in Britain , the Low Countries and western France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Low Countries", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also occurs in Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia and in various parts of southern Asia as far east as Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morocco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Tunisia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the flowers are frequently visited by flies , crab spiders have been observed hunting in them .", "entity": [{"entity": "crab spiders", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is linked to the twin volcano of Iztaccihuatl to the north by the high saddle known as the \" Paso de Cortés \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iztaccihuatl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Paso de Cortés", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first known ascent of the volcano was made by an expedition led by Diego de Ordaz in 1519 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diego de Ordaz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are extensive Liassic outcrops around the coast of the United Kingdom , in particular in Glamorgan , North Yorkshire and Dorset .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Glamorgan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "North Yorkshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Dorset", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species of fish in the reservoir include walleye , sauger , smallmouth bass , channel catfish , flathead catfish , northern pike , white bass , yellow perch , black crappie , and rainbow trout .", "entity": [{"entity": "walleye", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "smallmouth bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "channel catfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "northern pike", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "yellow perch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "black crappie", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "rainbow trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked with the Atlanta Braves ' organization from to and was the pitching coach for the Baltimore Orioles from to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played the next three seasons in the Oakland Athletics chain , reaching Triple-A with the Tucson Toros in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Tucson Toros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several wild species are commonly known as \" teosintes \" and are native to Mesoamerica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesoamerica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Zea mays \" is further divided into four subspecies : \" Z. m .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zea mays", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both annual and perennial teosinte species occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "perennial", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teosintes are critical components of maize evolution , but opinions vary about which taxa were involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All but the Nicaragua insect resistance , perennialism , and flood tolerance , to cultivated maize lines , although this is very difficult due to linked deleterious teosinte traits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicaragua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With starting catcher Ron Karkovice hitting under .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Karkovice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Texas Rangers but retired without playing again at age 35 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ") , and he was replaced by Paul Owens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resumed as bench coach in July 2009 after Jim Riggleman was appointed acting manager after Manny Acta was fired .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Riggleman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Manny Acta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lieutenant Governor Charles Aurelius Smith succeeded to the governorship and performed ceremonial functions during his five days in office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Aurelius Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother , Jim Mitchell , was a long-serving Fine Gael TD and Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1962 to 1972 he was the principal conductor of the Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 19 before being bowled by Khan Mohammad who broke one of the stumps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Khan Mohammad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked with the Tata Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tata Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2000 , director Skip Woods entered negotiations with the studio and producer Joel Silver to write and direct the remake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skip Woods", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Joel Silver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directors Robert Schwentke and James McTeigue were approached for the project , but neither ultimately signed on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Schwentke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "James McTeigue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D. C. Fontana served as story editor and employed several other writers from \" Star Trek \" , as well as the original novel 's authors .", "entity": [{"entity": "D. C. Fontana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Star Trek", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also tone deaf .", "entity": [{"entity": "tone deaf", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was subject to a variety of psychological symptoms which were diagnosed at the time as neurasthenia , and which included periods of depression during which he contemplated suicide for months on end .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurasthenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took a break in the spring of 1865 to join naturalist Louis Agassiz on a scientific expedition up the Amazon River , but aborted his trip after eight months , as he suffered bouts of severe seasickness and mild smallpox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Agassiz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Amazon River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "seasickness", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "smallpox", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A non-exhaustive bibliography of his writings , compiled by John McDermott , is 47 pages long .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McDermott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , his friend , colleague , and another key founder in establishing pragmatist beliefs , Charles S. Peirce , dives deeper in defining these consequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles S. Peirce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lending of his name made Leonora Piper a famous medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonora Piper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history , visiting 129 \" countries during his pontificate .", "entity": [{"entity": "pontificate", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He taught ethics at Jagiellonian University and subsequently at the Catholic University of Lublin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jagiellonian University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 43]}, {"entity": "Catholic University of Lublin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It entered into force the first Sunday of the following Advent , which was 27 November 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Advent", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 31 March 2005 , following a urinary tract infection , he developed septic shock , a form of infection with a high fever and low blood pressure , but was not hospitalised .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary tract infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "septic shock", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The day before his death , one of his closest personal friends , Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka visited him at his bedside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It currently awaits the approval from the Holy See to open the diocesan phase of the cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holy See", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded in Madrid and opened for signature on October 4 , 1991 and entered into force on January 14 , 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of May 2013 , the protocol has been ratified by 34 parties & mdash ; Argentina , Australia , Belarus , Belgium , Brazil , Bulgaria , Canada , Chile , the People 's Republic of China , Czech Republic , Ecuador , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , India , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Netherlands , New Zealand , Norway , Peru , Poland , Romania , Russia , South Africa , Spain , Sweden , Ukraine , United Kingdom , United States , and Uruguay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "People 's Republic of China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 184]}, {"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 201]}, {"entity": "Ecuador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [204, 211]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [224, 230]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 240]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [243, 249]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [252, 257]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [260, 265]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [268, 273]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [276, 287]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [290, 301]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [304, 315]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [318, 324]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [327, 331]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [334, 340]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [343, 350]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [353, 359]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [362, 374]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [377, 382]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [385, 391]}, {"entity": "Ukraine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [394, 401]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [404, 418]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [421, 434]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [441, 448]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A further 11 states & mdash ; Austria , Colombia , Cuba , Denmark , Guatemala , Hungary , North Korea , Papua New Guinea , Slovakia , Switzerland , and Turkey & mdash ; have signed but not yet ratified it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Cuba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Guatemala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Papua New Guinea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greenpeace claims the protocol as a victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenpeace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is thought to be closely related to \" R. semiplumbeus \" and \" R. antarcticus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" R. semiplumbeus \"", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "\" R. antarcticus \"", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern populations migrate to the southern United States and Central America .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response , on September 8 , Commissioner Bowie Kuhn suspended him indefinitely .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bowie Kuhn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His streak of six straight seasons with 20 or more wins ( 1967 – 1972 ) is the longest streak in the major leagues since Warren Spahn performed the feat between 1956 and 1961 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warren Spahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the next two seasons combined he would score eight goals in 63 games , contributing with three in nine matches as the 2001 – 02 Champions League ended in conquest .", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 – 02 Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [125, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following February , he offered to resign and to refund his salary if rumours that he attended a nightclub with players after a defeat could be proven ; on 26 June , he was sacked after a 0 – 1 home defeat to AD Alcorcón and replaced by Mário Silva .", "entity": [{"entity": "AD Alcorcón", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 224]}, {"entity": "Mário Silva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his league debut on 16 August against Dundee United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored one goal in the process , netting the fourth in a 4 – 2 home win over Derby County in March .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derby County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal on 17 October 2009 against Ipswich Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2011 he was sent on loan to Watford to gain match time after recovering from an ankle injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 5 November as a substitute against Middlesbrough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having not played a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 16 February when he started in a 2 – 1 away win at York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "York City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was uttered by voice actor Howard Hoffman who also provided all the other vocal sounds and effects for the short .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of crudités include celery sticks , carrot sticks , cucumber sticks , bell pepper strips , broccoli , cauliflower , fennel , and asparagus spears .", "entity": [{"entity": "celery", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "carrot", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "cucumber", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "bell pepper", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "broccoli", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "cauliflower", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "fennel", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "asparagus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its county seat is Berkeley Springs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berkeley Springs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The county was formed in 1820 from parts of Hampshire and Berkeley Counties and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan , prominent soldier of the American Revolutionary War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hampshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Berkeley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "Daniel Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [147, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its county seat is Petersburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 19 , he started to play with local bands and , months later , worked for the first time with musicians like Dizzy Gillespie and Max Roach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dizzy Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "Max Roach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took part in one of the earliest hard bop sessions , alongside Art Blakey , Horace Silver , Doug Watkins and trumpeter Kenny Dorham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Art Blakey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Horace Silver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Doug Watkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Kenny Dorham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He performed with many of the other important hard bop players , such as Grant Green , Freddie Hubbard , Sonny Clark , Wynton Kelly and Philly Joe Jones , and formed a particularly productive partnership with trumpeter Lee Morgan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Freddie Hubbard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "Sonny Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Wynton Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Philly Joe Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "Lee Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also closed that \" unlike \" MYST \" , the story here outweighs its setting , a tribute to Clarke , Lee , and the team that supported them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In college football , the NFL and other professional leagues , and in some high school games , the referee announces penalties and the numbers of the players committing them ( required for college and professional games ; high school referees are no longer prohibited from announcing the number of a player committing a foul ) , and clarifies complex and / or unusual rulings over a wireless microphone to both fans and the media .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the general equipment listed above , the referee also carries a coin to conduct the pregame ( and if necessary , overtime ) coin toss .", "entity": [{"entity": "overtime", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first part of the Galician-Portuguese period ( from the 12th to the 14th century ) , the language was increasingly used for documents and other written forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galician-Portuguese", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This map was introduced by W. V. D. Hodge .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. V. D. Hodge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was while he was a pupil at the bar examination that he went to Dublin to hear Hamilton 's lectures on quaternions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1889 the Cambridge University Press requested him to prepare his mathematical papers for publication in a collected form - a request which he appreciated very much .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge University Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Andrew Jackson used it as a retreat , visiting between August 19 , 1829 through August 16 , 1835 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trudie Styler served as an executive producer - stating \" I 've always liked bad-boy movies \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trudie Styler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was a critical and commercial disappointment , with an average rating of 5 % on film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also cast were Ray Liotta , Vincent Pastore and André Benjamin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Liotta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Vincent Pastore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "André Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars an ensemble cast of Gerard Butler , Tom Wilkinson , Thandie Newton , Mark Strong , Idris Elba , Tom Hardy , and Toby Kebbell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerard Butler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Tom Wilkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "Thandie Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Mark Strong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Idris Elba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "Tom Hardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "Toby Kebbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The commercial includes appearances from Cristiano Ronaldo , Cesc Fabregas , Ronaldinho , Wayne Rooney , and Ruud Van Nistlerooy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cristiano Ronaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 58]}, {"entity": "Cesc Fabregas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Ronaldinho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Wayne Rooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Ruud Van Nistlerooy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Village Roadshow Pictures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Village Roadshow Pictures", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After completing his education , he started teaching economics at Columbia University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Halberstam called it \" A stunning achievement - paper and words with the permanence of marble .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Halberstam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its county seat ( and largest community ) is the city of Lexington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lexington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The independent cities of Buena Vista ( 6,680 ) and Lexington ( 7,170 ) are both enclaved within the county 's geographical borders , and are the county 's only incorporated cities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buena Vista", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Lexington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terrain 's highest point ( 4,072 feet / 1241 meters ASL ) is Rocky Mountain on its SE border with Amherst County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rocky Mountain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Amherst County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He and vocalist Chuck Billy are the only members to appear on all of the band 's studio albums .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chuck Billy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2001 , he was acquired by the New York Islanders in a trade with the Los Angeles Kings , who received a conditional pick in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 40th goal was scored against the Toronto Maple Leafs on April 5 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Maple Leafs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a younger sister , Lillian who also became an actress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lillian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Butterley Company was contracted to construct the arches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butterley Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These attempts provoked strong and successful opposition , with the campaign led by the later Poet Laureate , John Betjeman .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Betjeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , on 8 February 2006 , Alistair Darling , the Secretary of State for Transport , announced £ 50 \" million funding for the fit-out of the station , plus another £ 10 – 15 \" million for the installation of associated signalling and other lineside works .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alistair Darling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Services were extended to Rotterdam and Amsterdam in April 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also serves as the terminus for services to Amsterdam from Spring 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These have been sublet via Airbnb owing to their desired location .", "entity": [{"entity": "Airbnb", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a six-episode stint as host of the game show \" Make the Connection \" on NBC in 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Make the Connection", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a 100 % positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 36 reviews , with a weighted average of 8.76 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jim Sheridan agreed to direct the film in 2004 , though it has not been produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Sheridan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had his debut on January , 26 in a 3 – 1 loss against Celta de Vigo , coming on as a substitute in the 72nd minute for Xabi Alonso and played for 18 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celta de Vigo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Xabi Alonso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal came in a 2 – 2 draw against Rayo Vallecano on 24 February 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rayo Vallecano", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished the season with 23 goals making him the league 's joint-second highest scorer for the season behind Roy Makaay ( 29 goals ) and tied with Ronaldo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Makaay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "Ronaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He tore his ACL again on 22 November 2006 during a training ground collision with team-mate Javi Venta and was out for months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Javi Venta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a centrally protected monument under the control of Archaeological Survey of India since 1921 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Archaeological Survey of India", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albemarle County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orange , located northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orange", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "James Madison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the home of white integration activist Sarah Patton Boyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Patton Boyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "City attempts to remove statues of Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson from downtown parks have been the subject of extensive , unresolved litigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert E. Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Stonewall Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city 's low median age and the \" bulge \" in the 18-to - 24 age group are both due to the presence of the University of Virginia .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Virginia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nearby Shenandoah National Park offers recreational activities , scenic mountains and hiking trails .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shenandoah National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ard is best suited to loamy or sandy soils that are naturally fertilised by annual flooding , as in the Nile Delta and Fertile Crescent , and to a lesser extent any other cereal-growing region with light or thin soil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nile Delta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Fertile Crescent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major changes in design spread widely in the Age of Enlightenment , when there was rapid progress in design .", "entity": [{"entity": "Age of Enlightenment", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [45, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It facilitates seeding with a lighter seed , controls many crop enemies ( slugs , crane flies , seedcorn maggots-bean seed flies , borers ) , and raises the number of \" soil-eating \" earthworms ( endogic ) , but deters vertical-dwelling earthworms ( anecic ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "crane flies", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 1 , 2006 , he was traded to the Calgary Flames ( along with Mike Leclerc ) in exchange for Steven Reinprecht and Philippe Sauvé .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary Flames", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Mike Leclerc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Steven Reinprecht", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "Philippe Sauvé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 27 , 2007 , he was acquired on waivers by the Columbus Blue Jackets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbus Blue Jackets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the game , he wore Ty Conklin 's number 35 sweater .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ty Conklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played sparingly as the backup to Cam Ward , and his season ended early due to injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cam Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occasionally , she has been known to physically transform into animals - for example , she has shapeshifted into a gray wolf , a great horned owl , and a cougar .", "entity": [{"entity": "gray wolf", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "great horned owl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [129, 145]}, {"entity": "cougar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An audiobook version narrated by Wil Wheaton was released on December 7 , 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wil Wheaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the general manager of the Drummondville Voltigeurs of the QMJHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drummondville Voltigeurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 67]}, {"entity": "QMJHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , the majority of the population lived around Covington , and the primary cash crop then was hemp , which was used for rope production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Covington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "cash crop", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Sturges", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Leon Uris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first expansion , which was collaboratively produced by Joseph Locke , Richard Turner , William Fairbairn , and John Kennedy , was completed in 1849 at a total cost of £ 15,000 ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Richard Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "William Fairbairn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "John Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system was constructed by the local engineering firm Mather , Dixon and Company , who worked under the direction of the engineer John Grantham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mather , Dixon and Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 84]}, {"entity": "John Grantham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single curved roof was produced by a collaborative effort ; designed and load tested by engineer Joseph Locke , with construction contracted to iron founder Richard Turner , and the work checked by engineer William Fairbairn and manufacturer John Kennedy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "Richard Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "William Fairbairn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [209, 226]}, {"entity": "John Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [244, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expansion work was performed at a cost of £ 15,000 ( ) and was completed during 1849 , by which time the noted architect William Tite had also been involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Tite", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Working time ( apart from shift work ) mostly involves a daily schedule , beginning in the morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Working time", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evening is often leisure time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "leisure", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was written by Alan Burnett , Paul Dini , Martin Pasko , and Michael Reaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Burnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Paul Dini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Martin Pasko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Michael Reaves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with the other being an adult-oriented novelisation authored by Geary Gravel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geary Gravel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 84 % of critics have given the film a positive review based on 32 reviews , with an average rating of 7.02 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left for Illinois to become a graduate student and lecturer at the University of Chicago from 1902 - 1907 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most obvious examples is India , and its caste system .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Bunce has described him as \" arguably the greatest crossover athlete in boxing history \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Bunce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Featured on the undercards were Kimbo Slice and Joel Brunker , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kimbo Slice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Joel Brunker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 he was in an episode of \" Greeks on the Roof \" and in 2005 he appeared on \" Dancing with the Stars \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greeks on the Roof", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "Dancing with the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [84, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She met Elliott Smith though Slim Moon , the owner of Kill Rock Stars and her boyfriend at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elliott Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Slim Moon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Kill Rock Stars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She announced in 2005 that she suffered from a rare vocal cord affliction known as spasmodic dysphonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "spasmodic dysphonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed a free-agent contract with his hometown Boston Red Sox in and appeared in 62 games as a backup outfielder and part-time designated hitter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was seventh in at bats with 637 , tenth in hits 184 , tied Ichiro Suzuki in eighth place with eight triples , and fourth in singles with 133 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ichiro Suzuki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doctors discovered some \" metabolic and / or mitochondrial abnormalities \" and began trying to design a medical plan to improve the condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial abnormalities", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On October 25 , 2018 , he was introduced as the new manager of the Minnesota Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miners were brought in from the mining town of Kutná Hora , however , water was not encountered even after the depth of the well was , well below the level of the nearby Berounka river .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kutná Hora", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Berounka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are about 200 described species , distributed in five genera : \" Euglossa \" , \" Eulaema \" , \" Eufriesea \" , \" Exaerete \" and the monotypic \" Aglae \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euglossa", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Eulaema", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "Eufriesea", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "Exaerete", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "Aglae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [147, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early description of this pollination system was by Charles Darwin , though at the time , he believed the bees were females .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Darwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The male of \" Eufriesea purpurata \" is highly unusual in actively collecting the insecticide DDT in huge amounts from houses in Brazil , without suffering any harm from it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The county is bound to its western border by the Susquehanna River ( with the exception of a small peninsula next to Duncannon ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susquehanna River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "Duncannon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then it heads through Hanksville and afterwards to its mouth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hanksville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed by the San Francisco Giants as a free agent in the off-season .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But his career continued its downward trend in 2005 due to age , nagging injuries , and reduced playing time in favor of Pedro Feliz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pedro Feliz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the bullpen coach for the Washington Nationals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both are sung by Keiko Utoku .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keiko Utoku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next year he served again in Flanders as a brigadier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flanders", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was one of Carmarthen 's companions in the daring reconnaissance of Camaret Bay , and was soon afterwards again wounded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carmarthen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Camaret Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He succeeded Talmash , the commander of the expedition ( who died of his wounds ) , as colonel of the Coldstream Guards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talmash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Coldstream Guards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was illegally felled in 1997 by Grant Hadwin , although saplings grown from cuttings can now be found near its original site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Hadwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made a critical error in the first inning , allowing two runs to score , giving the Atlanta Braves a lead they would not relinquish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was later traded to D.C. United on 31 July 2008 in exchange for a partial allocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "D.C. United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly in New Hampshire , the two highways have several interchanges with each other , as well as a concurrency through Franconia Notch State Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Hampshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Franconia Notch State Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After passing through town , it crosses the Connecticut River into Vermont .", "entity": [{"entity": "Connecticut River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "Vermont", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the right of way for the Granite Railway in Milton and Quincy was incorporated into the expressway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Granite Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Milton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Quincy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More plans were announced in 2014 that the Hooksett rest areas would be rebuilt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hooksett", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major renovation project undertaken by Christopher Wren in the late 17th century completely redesigned the building 's interior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Wren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work was undertaken by John Mowlem & Co. , and construction lasted until 1950 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Mowlem & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A panel of purple velvet forms the backdrop to the chair , embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework with the royal arms , surrounded by stars and \" VR \" monograms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal School of Needlework", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five frescos painted by William Dyce between 1848 and 1864 cover the walls , depicting allegorical scenes from the legend .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Dyce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1978 , activist Yana Mintoff and another dissident threw bags of horse manure , and in June 1996 demonstrators dropped leaflets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yana Mintoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and in May 2004 protesters from Fathers 4 Justice attacked Prime Minister Tony Blair with flour bombs from this part , after obtaining admission by bidding for a place in the visitors ' gallery in a charity auction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fathers 4 Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "Tony Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the start of the new parliament in May 2015 , the large influx of new Scottish National Party MPs flouted the convention and repeatedly applauded their party leader , to the displeasure of the Speaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ornithine is abnormally accumulated in the body in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soap opera is also known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included , among others , Roseanne Barr , James Franco and Elizabeth Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roseanne Barr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "James Franco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gloria Monty was hired as the new executive producer , and on her first day , she spent an extra $ 100,000 re-taping four episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gloria Monty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite its moderate popularity , it was aired against CBS 's top-rated \" The Edge of Night \" , which it could not compete against .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "The Edge of Night", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the strongest of his possible contenders , Pier Luigi Bersani , which polls showed as having a 50 % support in center-north regions , withdrew to avoid a ' confusing candidacy ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pier Luigi Bersani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mia Sara portrayed the character in the 2002 television series \" Birds of Prey \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mia Sara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Birds of Prey", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Art by Stjepan Šejić .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stjepan Šejić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovered to be a spectroscopic binary by Solon Irving Bailey in 1896 , it was only the third such eclipsing pair to be discovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solon Irving Bailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are three species : the brush-tailed phascogale ( \" Phascogale tapoatafa \" ) , the red-tailed phascogale ( \" P. calura \" ) , and the northern brush-tailed phascogale ( \" P. pirata \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "northern brush-tailed phascogale", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [139, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term \" Phascogale \" was coined in 1824 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in reference to the brush-tailed phascogale , and means \" pouched weasel \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coenraad Jacob Temminck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After graduating from high school , he joined Kashima Antlers in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kashima Antlers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also featured Randy Velischek .", "entity": [{"entity": "Randy Velischek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many newer devices can produce video in multi-megapixel resolutions , and a few can run at high frame rates such as the PlayStation Eye , which can produce 320 × 240 video at 120 frames per second .", "entity": [{"entity": "PlayStation Eye", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which allow anyone to find thousands of Panasonic - and Axis high-end web cameras , provided that they have a web-based interface for remote viewing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panasonic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Axis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this time he might have met future composer Arthur Sullivan , his junior by two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He examined William Pole and Frederick Bridge and became involved in organ and music tuition and wider musical activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Pole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Frederick Bridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed in 1887 by \" The Crucifixion \" , the work for which he is most remembered .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Crucifixion", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Macaulay Culkin ( in his final film as a child actor ) , John Larroquette , Edward Herrmann , Jonathan Hyde , and Christine Ebersole , while Reggie Jackson , Claudia Schiffer , and Ben Stein appear in cameo roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macaulay Culkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "John Larroquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Edward Herrmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Hyde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "Christine Ebersole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 147]}, {"entity": "Reggie Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 170]}, {"entity": "Claudia Schiffer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 189]}, {"entity": "Ben Stein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film earned $ 38 million at the North America box office on a $ 40 million budget .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capital was Reggio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reggio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the modern fermented soy product soy sauce , fermented garum is a rich source of umami flavoring due to the presence of glutamates .", "entity": [{"entity": "soy sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "glutamates", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pliny ( d .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pliny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game takes place in Miami , Nice and Istanbul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Nice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Istanbul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently lives in Dubai in self-imposed exile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dubai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His lasting reputation rests principally on the theory of literary criticism that he developed in \" Anatomy of Criticism \" ( 1957 ) , one of the most important works of literary theory published in the twentieth century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatomy of Criticism", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until then , the prophetic poetry of William Blake had long been poorly understood , and considered by some to be delusional ramblings .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Blake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a major influence on Harold Bloom , Margaret Atwood , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harold Bloom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Margaret Atwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fraser syndrome is named for the geneticist George R. Fraser , who first described the syndrome in 1962 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George R. Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is characterized by developmental defects including cryptophthalmos ( where the eyelids fail to separate in each eye ) , and malformations in the genitals ( such as micropenis , cryptorchidism or clitoromegaly ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cryptophthalmos", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "cryptorchidism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [181, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syndactyly ( fused fingers or toes ) has also been noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syndactyly", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasari and with Benvenuto Cellini , also asserted that the ability to render an accurate contour line were technical skills that benefited both painting and sculpture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Benvenuto Cellini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild rice is also produced in Hungary and Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One cup of cooked wild rice provides 5 % or more of the daily value of thiamin , riboflavin , iron , and potassium ; 10 % or more of the daily value of niacin , Vitamin b6 , folate , magnesium , phosphorus ; 15 % of zinc ; and over 20 % of manganese .", "entity": [{"entity": "riboflavin", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "Vitamin b6", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild rice is also grown as an ornamental plant in garden ponds .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornamental plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" blue-black grassquit \" ( \" Volatinia jacarina \" ) is a small bird in the tanager family , Thraupidae .", "entity": [{"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "tanager", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg , having scored all but one of his films since 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Cronenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a mutual agreement between himself and Peter Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soundtrack is notable for being the first video game soundtrack to feature Lydia Kavina on the theremin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lydia Kavina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production was directed by David Cronenberg and conducted by Plácido Domingo .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Cronenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "Plácido Domingo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received his fourth nomination for his work on \" Hugo \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugo", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the time of Plato and Aristotle , some philosophers have posited true reality as \" timeless \" , based on permanent substances , while processes are denied or subordinated to timeless substances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In physics , Ilya Prigogine distinguishes between the \" physics of being \" and the \" physics of becoming \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ilya Prigogine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In plant morphology , Rolf Sattler developed a process morphology ( dynamic morphology ) that overcomes the structure / process ( or structure / function ) dualism that is commonly taken for granted in biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rolf Sattler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this latter field , R. D. Laing , Thomas Szasz and Michel Foucault were instrumental in moving medicine away from emphasis on \" cures \" and towards concepts of individuals in balance with their society , both of which are changing , and against which no benchmarks or finished \" cures \" were very likely to be measurable .", "entity": [{"entity": "R. D. Laing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Thomas Szasz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Michel Foucault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An early explorer of this view was Alan Turing who sought to prove the limits of expressive complexity of human genes in the late 1940 s , to put bounds on the complexity of human intelligence and so assess the feasibility of artificial intelligence emerging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Turing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his prolific career with blues and rhythm and blues bands , and was at first greatly influenced by Illinois Jacquet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois Jacquet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1950 s , he went on to play with the groups of Lowell Fulson and Earl Bostic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lowell Fulson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Earl Bostic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Heterophenomenology \" ( \" phenomenology \" of another \" , not oneself \" ) is a term coined by Daniel Dennett to describe an explicitly third-person , scientific approach to the study of consciousness and other mental phenomena .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Dennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The record featured musicians Donald \" Duck \" Dunn on bass guitar , Al Jackson Jr. on drums and Stephen Stills on guitar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald \" Duck \" Dunn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 50]}, {"entity": "Al Jackson Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Stephen Stills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "String arrangements were done by Booker T. Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Booker T. Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song reached the Top 40 again in 2009 , when it was sung by Kris Allen in the eighth season of \" American Idol \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kris Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was christened on 21 January 1954 and launched into the Thames River , sponsored by Mamie Eisenhower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thames River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Mamie Eisenhower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 19 June she entered the Chukchi Sea , but was turned back by deep drift ice in those shallow waters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chukchi Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 28 June she arrived at Pearl Harbor to await better ice conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pearl Harbor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most difficult part of the journey was in the Bering Strait .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bering Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was named as the official state ship of Connecticut in 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Connecticut", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father was by then a philanthropist and had owned the Detroit Tigers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then he continued working with notable directors like G. Aravindan , K. G. George and M. T. Vasudevan Nair as a cinematographer .", "entity": [{"entity": "G. Aravindan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "K. G. George", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "M. T. Vasudevan Nair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mohanlal played the lead role in this film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mohanlal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then he ended up living a shabby life in a small flat in Frankfurt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frankfurt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 become youth coach at Prato .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prato", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was baptised at The Royal Palace Church on 27 September 1977 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Royal Palace Church", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , she made official visits to Egypt and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In early 2004 , she paid an official visit to Saudi Arabia , as a part of a large official business delegation from Sweden , and in October 2004 , she travelled to Hungary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the first official Royal visit from Sweden to Turkey since 1934 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2005 , she made an official visit to China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wedding date was set in Stockholm Cathedral for 19 June 2010 , the 34th anniversary of her parents ' marriage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stockholm Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she died in 1952 , her final wish -- to be buried in Hollywood Cemetery -- was denied because the graveyard was restricted to whites only .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , she was inducted into the Colorado Women 's Hall of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Women 's Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She and her escort were required to sit at a segregated table for two at the far wall of the room ; her white agent , William Meiklejohn , sat at the same table .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Meiklejohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the spring of 1952 , she was too ill to work and was replaced by Louise Beavers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louise Beavers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She elicited the help of a friend , the actor Leigh Whipper , and other black entertainers for her committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leigh Whipper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her plans were shattered when she suffered a false pregnancy and fell into a depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "false pregnancy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was survived by her brother Sam McDaniel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam McDaniel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 18th century , Voltaire was a deist and was strongly critical of religious intolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Voltaire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in the 18th century , David Hume criticised teleological arguments for religion .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Karl Marx , the father of \" scientific socialism \" , religion is a tool used by the ruling classes whereby the masses can shortly relieve their suffering via the act of experiencing religious emotions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Marx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clifford A. Pickover found evidence suggesting that temporal lobe epilepsy may be linked to a variety of so-called spiritual or \" other worldly \" experiences , such as spiritual possession , originating from altered electrical activity in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clifford A. Pickover", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vilayanur S. Ramachandran suggests \" It 's possible that many great religious leaders had temporal lobe seizures and this predisposes them to having visions , having mystical experiences \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vilayanur S. Ramachandran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Persinger stimulated the temporal lobes of the brain artificially with a magnetic field using a device nicknamed the \" God helmet \" and was able to artificially induce religious experiences along with near-death experiences and ghost sightings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Persinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to John Bradshaw \" Some forms of temporal lobe tumours or epilepsy are associated with extreme religiosity .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Bradshaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philosopher Auguste Comte posited that many societal constructs pass through three stages and that religion corresponds to the two earlier , or more primitive stages by stating : \" From the study of the development of human intelligence , in all directions , and through all times , the discovery arises of a great fundamental law , to which it is necessarily subjective , and which has a solid foundation of proof , both in the facts of our organization and in our historical experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Comte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperreligiosity or even \" intensely professed atheism \" can emerge from emotional disturbances involving temporal lobe epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperreligiosity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to one study , there was no significant correlation between religiosity and individual happiness in Denmark and the Netherlands , countries that have lower rates of religion , lower discrimination against atheists and where both the religious and non-religious are normative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steven Weinberg , for example , states it takes religion to make good people do evil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Weinberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bertrand Russell and Richard Dawkins cite religiously inspired or justified violence , resistance to social change , attacks on science , repression of women and homophobia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertrand Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Richard Dawkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historians of science including John Hedley Brooke and Ronald Numbers consider the \" religion vs. science \" concept an oversimplification , and prefer to take a more nuanced view of the subject .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Hedley Brooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "Ronald Numbers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mark Juergensmeyer argues that religion \" does not ordinarily lead to violence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Juergensmeyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 19th century , philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that teaching some ideas to children at a young age could foster resistance to doubting those ideas later on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Polly Toynbee , religion interferes with bodily autonomy regardless of gender but fosters particularly negative attitudes towards women 's bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polly Toynbee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "by Francis A. Schaeffer and C. Everett Koop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis A. Schaeffer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "C. Everett Koop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served as county clerk in Lamar County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamar County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is 330 \" km south of Auckland by road , and 320 \" km north of Wellington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auckland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Wellington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the park borders are the towns of Turangi , National Park Village and Ohakune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turangi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "National Park Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "Ohakune", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the park borders , the only settlements are the tourism-based village at Whakapapa Village which consists solely of ski accommodation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whakapapa Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevailing westerly winds gather water over the Tasman Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tasman Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 20th century , park administrators introduced heather to the park , for grouse hunting .", "entity": [{"entity": "heather", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "grouse", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other bird species common to the park are tui , New Zealand bellbird , morepork / ruru , grey warbler / riroriro , fantail , whitehead / pōpokotea and silvereye .", "entity": [{"entity": "tui", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "New Zealand bellbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [48, 68]}, {"entity": "whitehead / pōpokotea", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [125, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a close friend to Mbongeni Ngema .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mbongeni Ngema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the local offseason he usually played in the United States and Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his absence , the new signing of Mauro Camoranesi took his place on the right wing and was in superb form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauro Camoranesi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 17 March 2007 , he scored his first goal in the league game against Recreativo de Huelva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recreativo de Huelva", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 69th minute , he dribbled down the left flank into the edge of the penalty area and passed the ball across to Luca Toni to score his second goal of the match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luca Toni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The park is made up of donated by Mary Schenley in 1889 and another that the city subsequently purchased from her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Schenley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the home course for the Carnegie Mellon University men 's and women 's cross country teams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Mellon University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1839 , he became involved in another scandal when he ran off with the opera singer Anna Bishop , wife of the composer Henry Bishop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna Bishop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Henry Bishop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bishop was heartbroken , and commissioned an elaborate tomb for him in Camperdown Cemetery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camperdown Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atypical applications of narratological methodologies would include sociolinguistic studies of oral storytelling ( William Labov ) and in conversation analysis or discourse analysis that deal with narratives arising in the course of spontaneous verbal interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Labov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As he perfected his animation style , he began to take on more jobs , including creating design tests for the studio 's head director , Gene Deitch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Deitch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animation historian Michael Barrier called the film \" an offensively bad picture , the kind that makes people who love animation get up and leave the theater in disgust \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Barrier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He soon developed \" Heavy Traffic \" , a tale of inner-city street life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heavy Traffic", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", and finally to \" Coonskin \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coonskin", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animation historian Jerry Beck wrote , \" the beginning of the film is quite promising , with a garbage can discussing life on the streets with some garbage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Beck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The project 's high-profile brought heavy trade journal coverage , and fans such as Mick Jagger visited the studio for the chance to play a role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mick Jagger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served on the faculty of the University of Denver , Northwestern University and University of Pittsburgh , and was a Professor Emeritus from the last institution .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Denver", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 52]}, {"entity": "Northwestern University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "University of Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was in the cell next to Nelson Mandela 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Mandela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 he became one of the sponsors of the Committee for Academic Freedom in Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Committee for Academic Freedom in Africa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contributory factors included his early separation from his mother for boarding school followed by his mother 's early death ; the death of his close friend and colleague Nikolai Rubinstein ; and the collapse of the one enduring relationship of his adult life , his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck , who was his patron even though they never actually met each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nikolai Rubinstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 189]}, {"entity": "Nadezhda von Meck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [309, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his reviews , he praised Beethoven , considered Brahms overrated and , despite his admiration , took Schumann to task for poor orchestration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Brahms", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Schumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other artists included Adele Aus der Ohe , Max Erdmannsdörfer , Eduard Nápravník and Sergei Taneyev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele Aus der Ohe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "Max Erdmannsdörfer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Eduard Nápravník", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "Sergei Taneyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Undina \" followed in 1870 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Undina", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also aided by Nadezhda von Meck , the widow of a railway magnate , who had begun contact with him not long before the marriage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nadezhda von Meck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wrote to Nadezhda von Meck that this piece , the \" 1812 Overture \" , would be \" very loud and noisy , but I wrote it with no warm feeling of love , and therefore there will probably be no artistic merits in it \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nadezhda von Meck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "1812 Overture", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also warned conductor Eduard Nápravník that \" I sha n't be at all surprised and offended if you find that it is in a style unsuitable for symphony concerts \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduard Nápravník", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this post , he invited many international celebrities to conduct , including Johannes Brahms , Antonín Dvořák and Jules Massenet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johannes Brahms", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Antonín Dvořák", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Jules Massenet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These appearances helped him overcome life-long stage fright and boosted his self-assurance .", "entity": [{"entity": "stage fright", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also performed in concerts as a conductor in Kiev , Odessa , and Kharkiv .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kiev", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Odessa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Kharkiv", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His collaboration on the three ballets went better and in Marius Petipa , who worked with him on the last two , he might have found an advocate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marius Petipa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A £ 1 million fee was required to register the player , and he became the first signing of David Moyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Moyes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also runs football camps in Lagos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lagos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The northern cardinal is a mid-sized songbird with a body length of and a wingspan of .", "entity": [{"entity": "songbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species was introduced to Bermuda in 1700 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been introduced in Hawaii , southern California and southern Arizona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawaii", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Arizona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Putting safflower seed in a feeder is a strong strategy for attracting them .", "entity": [{"entity": "safflower", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eggs are laid one to six days following the completion of the nest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river flows south into the Douro river shortly after passing through the city of Valladolid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Douro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Valladolid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the 1950 s the water level of the river has been very regular throughout the year due to the huge Aguilar de Campoo dam which collects all the water from the river 's rainy upper valleys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aguilar de Campoo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Dennis Bergkamp pulled a goal back before the break .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dennis Bergkamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was manager at the City Ground for two seasons , but had little success despite spending several million pounds on players who did not perform well and plunging the club into large sums of debt .", "entity": [{"entity": "City Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is one of only four players to have won the UEFA Champions League two years in a row with different teams , the others being Marcel Desailly , Paulo Sousa and Samuel Eto'o .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "Marcel Desailly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "Paulo Sousa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "Samuel Eto'o", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his full debut in January 2005 in a 0 – 0 FA Cup draw with Exeter City .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Exeter City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first league start came on 29 March 2006 against West Ham United at Old Trafford , playing at right-back , as Gary Neville was unavailable through injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "Old Trafford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Gary Neville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first domestic goal for the club followed two months later , on 29 January 2009 , in a Copa del Rey match against local rivals Espanyol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copa del Rey", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Espanyol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 25 August 2019 , he played full 90 minutes in a 5 – 2 win against Real Betis , his 500th game for the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Betis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played the entire match in a 2 – 0 win , in Seville .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four days later , he also started in Istanbul in a 2 – 1 win , also in the group stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Istanbul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother was a singer while his father was a saxophonist and session musician who toured with Judy Garland and Shirley Bassey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Garland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "Shirley Bassey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 he was a musician on the animated film \" When the Wind Blows \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "When the Wind Blows", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He asks Raoul Duke to throw the tape player into the bathtub when the song \" peaks \" but Duke refuses and throws in a grapefruit instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raoul Duke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his tenure in Los Angeles , he would set his career high of 358 penalty minutes for one season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to arcane rules required at the time they had to receive permission from the previous player who wore it , Bob Manno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Manno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal in senior football in a 2 – 0 win over Gillingham at Vicarage Road on 5 February .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gillingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Vicarage Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored the winning goal in the 1 – 0 away win at Brighton & Hove Albion on 18 February from 50 yards ( almost the halfway line ) , which won him the club 's goal of the season award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brighton & Hove Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Owen Coyle said : \" He can play as a striker , or behind the striker or wide or as a central midfielder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Owen Coyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in a 4 – 0 away win at Queens Park Rangers on 13 August , where he created an assist for the second goal put in his own net by Danny Gabbidon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens Park Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "Danny Gabbidon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later blamed manager Dougie Freedman for his exit , saying \" I did n't like him and I did n't like the way he managed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dougie Freedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However four months later he was sent to train with Ryan Kidd and the youth team by manager David Flitcroft , who deemed him not fit enough to train with the first team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Kidd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "David Flitcroft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comprehensive government study of sexual attitudes , behaviors and relationships in Finland in 1992 ( age 18 – 75 , around 50 % female and male ) found that around 200 out of 2250 ( 8.9 % ) respondents \" agreed or strongly agreed \" with the statement \" \" I could maintain several sexual relationships at the same time \" \" and 8.2 % indicated a relationship type \" that best suits \" at the present stage of life would involve multiple partners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film tells the story of a pair of impoverished brothers who , after their family is betrayed by the misplaced idealism of their father , struggle to survive in the slums of Bombay , and eventually find themselves on opposing sides of the law .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bombay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soundtrack of the movie was composed by R. D. Burman , and the lyrics were penned by Sahir Ludhianvi .", "entity": [{"entity": "R. D. Burman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Sahir Ludhianvi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned 14 years after leaving the club in 1997 to join Boca Juniors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boca Juniors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1860 s , four young painters : Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Alfred Sisley and Frédéric Bazille , met whilst studying under the academic artist Charles Gleyre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude Monet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "Alfred Sisley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Frédéric Bazille", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "Charles Gleyre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But enthusiasts of \" plein air \" painting were not limited to the Old World .", "entity": [{"entity": "Old World", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third and final installment was also produced , \" Zenon : Z3 \" ( 2004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zenon : Z3", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming began in August 1998 , in Vancouver , British Columbia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "British Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walt Disney Home Video released it on VHS in September 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walt Disney Home Video", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 62 % based on audience reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium and the team were owned by the Toronto Ferry Company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Ferry Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former major league star Joe Kelley took the reins as manager in 1907 and the team 's fortunes immediately turned around .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Kelley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "42 year old Nap Lajoie and his .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nap Lajoie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian Mooney Gibson became manager in 1919 , and was called to the major leagues after one season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mooney Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within a week , he had brought in Victor Borge and Gloria DeHaven for guest appearances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Borge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Gloria DeHaven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , despite their strong start , attendance never again came close to matching the 1952 numbers , even with pennant-winning seasons under managers Luke Sewell in 1954 , Bruno Betzel in 1956 , and Dixie Walker in 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luke Sewell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Bruno Betzel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "Dixie Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [202, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also in 1960 that Sparky Anderson first joined the team as a middle infielder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sparky Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also studied the piano under W. H. Holmes , and after five years , with his grandfather 's agreement , he took the piano as his principal study .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. H. Holmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next year the post of professor of music at the University of Edinburgh became vacant .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Edinburgh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst those taking part in these recitals were the piano virtuoso Alexander Dreyschock and Frédéric Chopin 's pupil , the 13-year old Carl Filtsch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Dreyschock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "Frédéric Chopin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "Carl Filtsch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his pupils was the composer Alice Mary Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice Mary Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was buried on 6 February , close to the tomb of Henry Purcell , in Westminster Abbey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Purcell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically included the genus Matricaria , \" Tripleurospermum inodorum \" has been the subject of some controversy , with many revisions in recent years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matricaria", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Cayley introduced the concept of an abstract group , it was not immediately clear whether or not this was a larger collection of objects than the known permutation groups ( which had a definition different from the modern one ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cayley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species was considered to be a subspecies of the common snipe ( \" G. gallinago \" ) until 2003 when it was given its own species status , though not all authorities recognized this immediately .", "entity": [{"entity": "common snipe", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ohio for example , late April was recorded as an average migration date in 1906 , but now most of the local population is present on the breeding grounds by then already .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Situated in the Aures Mountains , 1200 \" m above sea level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aures Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other examples include \" Arenaria montana \" , \" Bulbocodium vernum \" , and \" Ranunculus glacialis \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arenaria montana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Ranunculus glacialis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [77, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first zoo director was William Temple Hornaday , who had 30 years of service at the zoo .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Temple Hornaday", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1960 , the zoo became the first in the world to keep James 's flamingo , a species which had been thought to be extinct until 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "James 's flamingo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were imported along with the similar Andean flamingo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andean flamingo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , the pair were sent to the Singapore Zoo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore Zoo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1924 , the zoo became the first in North America to exhibit the species .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 2011 , the zoo received two bald eagles rescued in Wyoming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wyoming", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the building where Ota Benga spent most of his time during his stay at the zoo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ota Benga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 , the zoo successfully implanted a gaur embryo into a Holstein cow in an attempt to clone the endangered species .", "entity": [{"entity": "gaur", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "Holstein cow", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 , the zoo experienced a pest problem with the Canada goose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada goose", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 13-month - old cub was found stuck in mud following a landslide in Naltar Valley in Pakistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naltar Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2010 , the zoo adopted four abandoned brown bear cubs .", "entity": [{"entity": "brown bear", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The otters had previously mixed with other primate species in the enclosure without any problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "primate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1902 , a 7-month - old male jaguar broke out of his cage and escaped .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaguar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 9 , 2011 , a female green peafowl escaped from the zoo before being caught on May 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "green peafowl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People with this syndrome have smaller than normal head sizes ( microcephaly ) , are of short stature ( dwarfism ) , their eyes appear sunken , and they have a ″ aged ″ look .", "entity": [{"entity": "microcephaly", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "dwarfism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They often have long limbs with joint contractures ( inability to relax the muscle at a joint ) , a hunched back ( kyphosis ) , and they may be very thin ( cachetic ) , due to a loss of subcutaneous fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "kyphosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe cerebellar atrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music video was directed by Diane Martel , and was released during the spring of 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diane Martel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American singer-songwriter Elle King did a cover of the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elle King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prevent crystals forming in homemade grape jam or jelly , the prerequisite fresh grape juice should be chilled overnight to promote crystallization .", "entity": [{"entity": "jam or jelly", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did session work for Elton John , David Bowie , Gary Brooker , Roger Waters , Eric Clapton , David Byron , Rick Wright , Jonathan Kelly and Brian Joseph Friel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "David Bowie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Gary Brooker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Roger Waters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Eric Clapton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "David Byron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Rick Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 138]}, {"entity": "Brian Joseph Friel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East of this line is the Severn Estuary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Severn Estuary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hovercraft was recently tested to determine the feasibility of setting up a similar rescue service in Weston-super-Mare .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weston-super-Mare", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using wire insulated by silk thread , and inspired by Schweigger 's use of multiple turns of wire to make a galvanometer , he was able to wind multiple layers of wire on cores , creating powerful magnets with thousands of turns of wire , including one that could support .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schweigger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1980 s , she made several single-episode appearances in various TV series , including \" Hotel \" , \" Mr. Belvedere \" , \" Murder , She Wrote \" , \" Tales from the Darkside \" , and \" Days of Our Lives \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hotel", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "Mr. Belvedere", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "Murder , She Wrote", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "Tales from the Darkside", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [157, 180]}, {"entity": "Days of Our Lives", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [191, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ that ] went largely unnoticed during the reign of gangsta rap and grunge , \" and compared it favorably to Alanis Morissette 's \" Jagged Little Pill \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alanis Morissette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "Jagged Little Pill", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [131, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time he also worked for JPMorgan Chase , the investment bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "JPMorgan Chase", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starring Joe Mantegna , Lara Flynn Boyle , Joe Pantoliano , and Brian Haley , the plot centers on a wealthy baby 's abduction by three criminals , his subsequent escape and adventure through Chicago while being pursued by the criminals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Mantegna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Lara Flynn Boyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Joe Pantoliano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Brian Haley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are shocked to find him in the ape house with a western lowland gorilla , which shows a maternal side and does not injure him .", "entity": [{"entity": "ape", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His partner , Gene Siskel , however , liked it because he thought that young children would love it for the humor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Siskel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , they have gone on to open two more branches in The Bronx and one in Brooklyn .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Bronx", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was partly produced by HBO and was planned for broadcast .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river represents a major physical barrier between east and west , with fewer than thirty-five crossing-points between Limerick city in the south and the village of Dowra in the north .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limerick", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Dowra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has a long term average flow rate of ( at Limerick ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limerick", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this manuscript we are told that Senán , patron saint of County Clare , defeated the monster at Inis Cathaigh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senán", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "County Clare", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Inis Cathaigh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He tackled four places between Lough Derg and Lough Ree where natural navigation was obstructed , by installing lateral canals and either pound locks or flash locks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lough Derg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Lough Ree", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1791 , William Chapman was brought in to advise and discovered a sorry state of affairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Chapman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After protracted negotiations on costs and conditions , the work was completed by 1810 so that boats drawing could pass from Athlone to Killaloe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athlone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Killaloe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tanker terminal at Foynes and an oil jetty at Shannon Airport were built .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foynes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Shannon Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1982 a large scale alumina extraction plant was built at Aughinish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aughinish", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1929 , the construction of a dam at Ardnacrusha severely impacted salmon breeding and that , and the introduction of quotas , had by the 1950 s caused salmon fishing to cease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ardnacrusha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in a 0 – 1 defeat to Sunderland on 15 August and went on to play in every defensive position for the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for the club in a 6 – 4 win against Rotherham United on 18 April 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotherham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The winless run ended a week later on 22 February after a 1 – 0 win at home to Doncaster Rovers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doncaster Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was adapted by John Patrick from the 1952 autobiographical novel \" A Many-Splendoured Thing \" by Han Suyin .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Patrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "A Many-Splendoured Thing", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [76, 100]}, {"entity": "Han Suyin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was directed by Henry King .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when he left the company the project was given to Buddy Adler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buddy Adler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parts of the film were shot on location in Hong Kong by second-unit director Otto Lang , which was unusual for its time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Otto Lang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was initially commissioned from Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Webster as background music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sammy Fain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Paul Francis Webster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was extensively developed and woven into the film 's orchestral score by Alfred Newman and his choral director Ken Darby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred Newman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "Ken Darby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italian-language versions were recorded by Nancy Cuomo , Neil Sedaka , and Connie Francis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nancy Cuomo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Neil Sedaka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Connie Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These records indicate that they originally inhabited the Ili and Chu River valleys of modern Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ili", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Chu River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Kyrgyzstan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Kazakhstan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 December 2014 , he signed a six-month contract with Atromitos with an option to extend it by one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atromitos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forced his way into the starting XI after coming off the bench for the opening game of the tournament , he was an extremely important part of a three-man midfield that also included Theodoros Zagorakis and Angelos Basinas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theodoros Zagorakis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 201]}, {"entity": "Angelos Basinas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lifting the Henri Delaunay trophy represents the pinnacle of a national-team career that so far has never again reached the same heights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri Delaunay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had taken holy orders in 1687 , preached occasionally in London with an eloquence which raised his reputation , and was soon appointed one of the royal chaplains .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart were members ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Edward Stuart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 26]}, {"entity": "Henry Benedict Stuart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He met her at Toulouse , she received the last rites from him , and died that night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toulouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lived on friendly terms with Jonathan Swift , John Arbuthnot and John Gay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Swift", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "John Arbuthnot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "John Gay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With Matthew Prior he had a close intimacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew Prior", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast also features Patricia Owens , James Garner , Martha Scott , Ricardo Montalbán , and Miiko Taka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patricia Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "James Garner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Martha Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Ricardo Montalbán", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "Miiko Taka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100 % of critics have given the film a positive review , with a rating average of 7.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type I natural rubber latex allergy is an IgE ( immune ) mediated reaction to proteins found in the \" Hevea brasiliensis \" tree , a type of rubber tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hevea brasiliensis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fruits ( and seeds ) involved in this syndrome include banana , pineapple , avocado , chestnut , kiwifruit , mango , passionfruit , fig , strawberry , papaya , apple , melon , celery , potato , tomato , carrot , and soy .", "entity": [{"entity": "banana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "pineapple", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "avocado", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "chestnut", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "kiwifruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "mango", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "fig", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [132, 135]}, {"entity": "strawberry", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "papaya", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "apple", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [160, 165]}, {"entity": "celery", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [176, 182]}, {"entity": "potato", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [185, 191]}, {"entity": "tomato", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [194, 200]}, {"entity": "carrot", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [203, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is similar to other entertainers who perform with a persona that shares their own name ( such as Kurt Angle and his fictional persona ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurt Angle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , since Ken Shamrock popularized it in 1997 , a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by \" tapping out \" , that is , tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Shamrock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , some wrestlers , such as Chris Jericho , Ric Flair , Bret Hart , Kurt Angle , Ken Shamrock , Dean Malenko , Chris Benoit , and Tazz , became famous for winning matches via submission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Jericho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Ric Flair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Bret Hart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Kurt Angle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Ken Shamrock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "Dean Malenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Chris Benoit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Tazz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An individual wrestler may use his real name , or a minor variation of it , for much of his career , such as Bret Hart , John Cena and Randy Orton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bret Hart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "John Cena", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Randy Orton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others can keep one ring name for their entire career ( Shawn Michaels , CM Punk and Ricky Steamboat ) , or may change from time to time to better suit the demands of the audience or company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shawn Michaels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "CM Punk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Ricky Steamboat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes , a wrestler may change his legal name to obtain ownership of his ring name ( Andrew Martin and Warrior ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Warrior", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many wrestlers ( such as The Rock and The Undertaker ) are strongly identified with their character , even responding to the name in public or between friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "The Undertaker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also a less common role of a \" tweener \" , who is neither fully face nor fully heel yet able to play either role effectively ( case in point , Samoa Joe during his first run in TNA Wrestling from June 2005 to November 2006 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samoa Joe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "TNA Wrestling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another legendary example is Stone Cold Steve Austin , who was originally booked as a heel , with such mannerisms as drinking on the job , using profanity , breaking company property , and even breaking into people 's private homes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stone Cold Steve Austin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feud between Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat lasted from the late 1970 s into the early 1990 s and allegedly spanned over two thousand matches ( although most of those matches were mere dark matches ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ric Flair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "Ricky Steamboat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 4 appearances in his second spell at Fir Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fir Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 2006 ) , and \" The Cheetah Girls 2 \" ( 2006 ) , several of which were certified platinum and gold .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Cheetah Girls 2", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , she starred in the drama \" For One Night \" , which was based on a true story .", "entity": [{"entity": "For One Night", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a later interview , Adrienne Bailon , Sabrina Bryan and Kiely Williams denied the rumors , saying they all get along well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrienne Bailon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Sabrina Bryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Kiely Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But when her overbearing police chief father ( Martin Lawrence ) insists on escorting her instead in hopes to sway her decision , soon finds her dream trip has turned into a nightmare adventure full of comical misfortune and turmoil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her fourth studio album \" Raven-Symoné \" was released on April 29 , 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raven-Symoné", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , she briefly retired from acting and enrolled at Academy of Art University to pursue an associate degree in fine arts , which she completed in 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy of Art University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2016 presidential election , she endorsed Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libertarian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Gary Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that time he sent a demo tape to Alan Parsons , from whom he received a personal reply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Parsons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During that time he was working closely with the record producer Beau Hill , recording bass and vocals on various records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beau Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work had its premiere with the Tucson Symphony Orchestra on November 14 – 15 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tucson Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished the tournament with six goals in four matches played , tied for second place , behind record-breaker Just Fontaine , and was named best young player of the tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Just Fontaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would keep him out of the rest of the tournament , and forced coach Aymoré Moreira to make his only lineup change of the tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aymoré Moreira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substitute was Amarildo , who performed well for the rest of the tournament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amarildo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following table is a compendium of sources that include data from Santos and FIFA official websites among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last true king , Martin Oliver , died in 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Oliver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Galway Youth Orchestra was formed in 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galway Youth Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and was renamed in honour of Éamonn Ceannt in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Éamonn Ceannt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The islands also have regular links with the towns of Rossaveal and Doolin , which are physically closer but far smaller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rossaveal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Doolin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Commuter ferry services have been proposed to the tourism town of Kinvara , on the opposite side of Galway Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinvara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "Galway Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original 1913 edition was heavily edited by Edward Garnett who removed 80 passages , roughly a tenth of the text .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Garnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company has also worked closely with Dave Mustaine of Megadeth on a line of guitars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Mustaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Megadeth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eighth species of the genus , the marsh rice rat ( \" O. \" palustris \" ) is the only member of its own group ( unless western populations are classified as a separate species , \" O. \" texensis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "marsh rice rat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It usually lives below altitude , but has been found at in Jalisco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jalisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The papilla ( nipple-like projection ) on the dorsal ( upper ) side of the penis is covered with small spines , a character \" Oryzomys couesi \" shares only with \" Oligoryzomys \" and the marsh rice rat among oryzomyines examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oligoryzomys", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the urethral process , located in the crater at the end of the penis , a fleshy process ( the subapical lobule ) is present ; it is absent in all other oryzomyines with studied penes except the marsh rice rat and \" Holochilus brasiliensis \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holochilus brasiliensis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [218, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nasal and premaxillary bones do not extend back beyond the point where the lacrimal , frontal , and maxillary bones meet .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacrimal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "frontal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major-General Richard Hull , aged just 37 and three months who became Chief of the General Staff , took over command for this part of the campaign in August 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Hull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The division participated in the Battle of Norfolk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Battle of Norfolk", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 80 % based on , with a weighted average rating of 6.61 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also co-wrote the TV comedy film \" These Old Broads \" ( 2001 ) , of which she was also co-executive producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "These Old Broads", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 28 , 2008 , she was a guest on \" Deal or No Deal \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deal or No Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , where she died later that afternoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedars-Sinai Medical Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been a member of parliament for almost 38 consecutive years , breaking the previous record of 32 years set by James Carroll and coming close to Maurice O'Rorke overall record of nearly 39 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Carroll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Maurice O'Rorke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both marks were later surpassed by Rex Mason .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rex Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also given some apparent credence to the views of right-wing politicians such as Winston Peters and Don Brash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winston Peters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Don Brash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the founder and the first head of the physics department of the University of Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crater on the Moon is named after him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These instruments and related collaborations included the participation of fellow physicists Dayton Miller , Hendrik Lorentz , and Robert Shankland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dayton Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "Robert Shankland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their experiment for the expected motion of the Earth relative to the aether , the hypothetical medium in which light was supposed to travel , resulted in a null result .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was an assistant at Navy in 1977 , then an assistant with the San Francisco 49ers in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "San Francisco 49ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His final year of professional coaching was with the Buffalo Bills in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo Bills", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became president of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes on March 1 , 2005 after taking time off to coach his son 's high school team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellowship of Christian Athletes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stream flows into Monroe County , passing the village of Honeoye Falls in Mendon , where it flows over a waterfall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monroe County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Honeoye Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Mendon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also assisted Augustine Eguavoen in coaching the national team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustine Eguavoen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Phalaris arundinacea \" , or \" reed canary grass \" , is a tall , perennial bunchgrass that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas , with a wide distribution in Europe , Asia , northern Africa and North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "perennial", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [239, 243]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [255, 261]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [266, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" P. arundinacea \" is also planted as a hay crop or for forage .", "entity": [{"entity": "hay", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "forage", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the concentrations of these compounds is lower than in other potential sources , such as \" Psychotria viridis \" and \" Mimosa tenuiflora \" , large enough quantities of the grass can be refined to make an ad hoc ayahuasca brew .", "entity": [{"entity": "Psychotria viridis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [100, 118]}, {"entity": "ayahuasca", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His younger brother , Edward Chaplin , was also a politician .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Chaplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after two solid campaigns , Laurent Blanc announced on 10 May 2008 that the player 's contract would not be renewed , and he retired from the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurent Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also won her second career title at the Hobart International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobart International", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [44, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lake lies in the Red Deer River basin , and has a water surface of 93.5 \" km ² and a drainage area of 1,440 \" km ² .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Deer River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes service to Dresden , Duncan Falls , New Concord , and Roseville .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dresden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Duncan Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "New Concord", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Roseville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both were surpassed by Bobby Charlton in October 1963 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Charlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , the project was bought out by the United States , which solved the medical problems and changed the design to a non-sea level canal with locks .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1842 he was sent to Barcelona , and soon afterwards promoted to the grade of consul general .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barcelona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , on 17 November 1869 , the canal was officially opened by the Khedive , Ismail Pasha .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ismail Pasha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once this goodwill had been shown , he bore no malice towards those who rendered him his liberty by preferring Léon Gambetta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Léon Gambetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These stations were the starting-point of French Congo .", "entity": [{"entity": "French Congo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philosopher Jenny Teichman defines the main form of pacifism as \" anti-warism \" , the rejection of all forms of warfare .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jenny Teichman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One , rooted in the secular Enlightenment , promoted peace as the rational antidote to the world 's ills , while the other was a part of the evangelical religious revival that had played an important part in the campaign for the abolition of slavery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enlightenment", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These and other initiatives were pivotal in the change in attitudes that gave birth to the League of Nations after the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "League of Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The League of Nations attempted to play its role in ensuring world peace in the 1920 s and 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "League of Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were conscientious objectors and war tax resisters in both World War I and World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By taking the name Benedict XVI , some suspected that Joseph Ratzinger would continue the strong emphasis upon nonviolent conflict resolution of his predecessor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benedict XVI", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Joseph Ratzinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals such as Dorothy Day and Henri Nouwen stand out among them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dorothy Day", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Henri Nouwen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monk and mystic Thomas Merton was noted for his commitment to pacifism during the Vietnam War era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Merton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is affiliated to the International Fellowship of Reconciliation .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Fellowship of Reconciliation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While many anarchists during the 19th century embraced propaganda of the deed , Leo Tolstoy and other anarcho-pacifists directly opposed violence as a means for change .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo Tolstoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis was also instrumental in establishing the pacifist trend within the anarchist movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some commentators on the most nonviolent forms of pacifism , including Jan Narveson , argue that such pacifism is a self-contradictory doctrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Narveson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Band member JC Chasez said , \" she was like the cute , spunky kid sister .", "entity": [{"entity": "JC Chasez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aliens , however , prove to be defenseless against a pair of German Shepherd dogs being used by the posse .", "entity": [{"entity": "German Shepherd", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2003 to 2006 , these classes were held at Brown University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the championship round , they made short work of the Indiana Pacers , 4 - 1 , to capture the league title .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana Pacers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By that time , entertainer-business entrepreneur Pat Boone had become the majority team owner , and after more than $ 2 million in losses over two seasons , he had enough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His investigations were built on the earlier theoretical proposals of Tobias Mayer , greatly extending these early ideas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tobias Mayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1765 he began corresponding with Immanuel Kant who intended to dedicate to him the \" Critique of Pure Reason \" but the work was delayed , appearing after his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Immanuel Kant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Critique of Pure Reason", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [88, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work in this area is commemorated by the Asteroid 187 Lamberta named in his honour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "187 Lamberta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appeared on Channel 4 between 28 December 1982 and 18 May 1989 and was revived by BBC Two between 16 December 2002 and 2 August 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Channel 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "BBC Two", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the original version , the presenter was former BBC newsreader Kenneth Kendall and the \" skyrunner \" was broadcaster Anneka Rice .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "Kenneth Kendall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Anneka Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the BBC 's 2002 – 2003 version , newsreader Dermot Murnaghan presented , the \" skyrunner \" was Suzi Perry , and there was no adjudicator .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "Dermot Murnaghan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "Suzi Perry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shots from the rear as the presenter ran from clue to clue in a jump-suit were satirised on \" Spitting Image \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spitting Image", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This record would stand until Bob Pettit 's retirement in 1965 following a season in which he averaged 22.5 PPG .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Pettit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composition of the score was divided between César Cui , Modest Mussorgsky , Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov and Aleksandr Borodin , including interpolated ballet music by Ludwig Minkus .", "entity": [{"entity": "César Cui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Modest Mussorgsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "Aleksandr Borodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "Ludwig Minkus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first announced to be released on the Nintendo Switch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nintendo Switch", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His parents eventually allowed him to start reading superhero titles , He cites John Buscema as his favorite pre-1970 s artist .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Buscema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aspects of the character were later used in the 2003 feature film adaptation by screenwriter Michael France and director Ang Lee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael France", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Ang Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More broadly , his run recast the character as an aggressive man of action , one deserving of greater respect , in contrast to the \" fish-talking punch line \" into which the TV series \" Super Friends \" had rendered him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Super Friends", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [186, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He created the ongoing novel series , \" Star Trek : New Frontier , \" a spin-off from \" Star Trek : The Next Generation , \" with John J. Ordover in 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek : New Frontier", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "Star Trek : The Next Generation", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [87, 118]}, {"entity": "John J. Ordover", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a fan of the New York Mets , and practices tai chi .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increased , as military conflict with the intensification of the colonial expansion of the United East India Company that began to enclose traditional grazing land for farms .", "entity": [{"entity": "United East India Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the inflorescence opens , it produces heat and releases a sweet scent attracting its pollinators , dynastine beetles ( \" Cyclocephala \" spp . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dynastine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "Cyclocephala", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domestication of \" Xanthosoma \" species ( especially \" X. sagittifolium \" but also \" X. atrovirens \" , \" X. violaceum \" , \" X. maffaffa \" , and others ) is thought to have originated in northern lowland South America , then spread to the Antilles and Mesoamerica .", "entity": [{"entity": "X. sagittifolium", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "Antilles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [238, 246]}, {"entity": "Mesoamerica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [251, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also grown in West Africa , now a major producer , where it can be used as a replacement for yams in a popular regional dish called \" fufu \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "yams", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "fufu", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cast includes Sylvia Chang and Martin Yan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sylvia Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Martin Yan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackie Chan was one of the executive producers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Chan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was produced by Talkback for the BBC , and usually aired on BBC Two .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talkback", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "BBC Two", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was first hosted by Mark Lamarr , then by Simon Amstell , and later by a number of guest presenters , with Rhod Gilbert hosting the final series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Lamarr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Simon Amstell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Rhod Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2020 , it was announced that Sky was reviving the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sky", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until series 10 , the team captains were Phill Jupitus and Sean Hughes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phill Jupitus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Sean Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2014 , it was announced that Rhod Gilbert would be the next permanent presenter for the 28th series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhod Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DVD also includes best of clips and scenes which were n't broadcast with a compulsory commentary by Simon Amstell and Phill Jupitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Amstell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Phill Jupitus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facility has controlled by the Atlantic County Department of Public Safety since 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlantic County Department of Public Safety", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also the first cousin to the famous Flora MacDonald .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flora MacDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , he was also a representative to the European Trade Union Confederation .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Trade Union Confederation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He grew up a mile from West Ham Station .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham Station", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Darren Bent scored the goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Darren Bent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The post , however , eventually went to Steve McClaren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve McClaren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He rejoined the coaching staff on 5 March 2015 , to work alongside Kit Symons , for the remainder of the 2014 - 15 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kit Symons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still only 17 , his debut for the club came on 23 October 1937 against Sheffield Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his second game , he scored four goals against Swansea Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swansea Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became one of the club 's few players to have scored five goals in a single game , when in February 1949 he scored five goals in an 8 – 0 win over Yeovil Town in an FA Cup tie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeovil Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left the club in 1955 to become player–manager of Plymouth Argyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth Argyle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among other members of that production 's cast were Victor Garber , Gilda Radner , Eugene Levy , Dave Thomas , and Andrea Martin ; Paul Shaffer was the musical director .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Garber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Gilda Radner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Eugene Levy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "Dave Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "Andrea Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "Paul Shaffer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1980 , he joined the cast of \" I 'm a Big Girl Now \" , a sitcom starring Diana Canova and Danny Thomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "I 'm a Big Girl Now", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "Diana Canova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Danny Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerry Seinfeld was the guest on opening night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Seinfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reform is sometimes erroneously included with the Jenkins reforms which followed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact when the death penalty for murder was finally abolished in 1969 , James Callaghan was Home Secretary .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Callaghan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It starred James Mason and Joan Bennett .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "Joan Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the recent years , however , the film has received very positive appraisal and is now generally considered as one of the best films by Max Ophüls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Ophüls", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their breeding habitat is near fresh water across most of Canada and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non-breeding birds , depicted below , do not have the spotted underparts , and are very similar to the common sandpiper of Eurasia ; the main difference is the more washed-out wing pattern visible in flight and the normally light yellow legs and feet of the spotted sandpiper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eurasia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second music video , released in 1990 , was shot in Los Angeles , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also opens the \" Pilot \" episode of \" Gilmore Girls \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilot", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Gilmore Girls", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a whip in Theresa May ’s government from 2017 to 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theresa May", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its manifesto includes creating one seat for the parliament ( in Brussels ) , cleaning up the system for MEPs ' expenses , and improving debate within the parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brussels", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is best known for his time at Manchester United , where he played over 400 games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then finished his playing career at Swindon Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swindon Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first game for Manchester United came in January 1973 against West Ham United in which he scored a point-saving goal in a 2 – 2 draw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later that year , she made her television debut role in \" Wildflower \" with Patricia Arquette .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wildflower", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Patricia Arquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Gary Ross applauded her efforts saying , \" she commits to a character so completely and she understands comedy \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received mainly unfavorable reviews , with an approval rating of 35 % on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 111 reviews as of December 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her last love-triangle film began production in Vancouver in September 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film had a \" sneak-peek \" release on Valentine 's Day , before fully opening on February 17 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valentine 's Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She co-produced the miniseries along with co-star Nicole Kidman and director Jean-Marc Vallée , her second project under his direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicole Kidman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Jean-Marc Vallée", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series premiered on February 19 , 2017 on HBO and finished on April 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Ava DuVernay , the feature co-stars Oprah Winfrey and Mindy Kaling , and was released in March 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ava DuVernay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Oprah Winfrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Mindy Kaling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her featured article was written by Luke Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luke Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This expedition was an advance party seeking a suitable site to found a colony in the Cook Strait area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cook Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That role went instead to Philip Hammond , who had shadowed the post of Chief Secretary to the Treasury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Hammond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For half a season he was replaced by Jimmy Rimmer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Rimmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With his mother and father , he moved to Saint Petersburg in 1879 , after which he studied composition at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Saint Petersburg Conservatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 139]}, {"entity": "Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his students there were Alexander Scriabin , Sergei Rachmaninoff and Alexander Gretchaninov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Scriabin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "Sergei Rachmaninoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Alexander Gretchaninov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has written and talked extensively about his gender dysphoria and transgender issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "gender dysphoria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was published on all platforms by Electronic Arts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Arts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poets most closely associated with it are Craig Raine and Christopher Reid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Craig Raine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Christopher Reid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This corridor continues east across the Ohio River over the Blennerhassett Island Bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Blennerhassett Island Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richard Adams , author of the original novel is reported to have hated the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It flows generally north , crossing the eastern corner of Indiana County at Cherry Tree , then into southern Clearfield County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "Cherry Tree", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Clearfield County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Near Mahaffey it turns generally northeast and flows past Curwensville and Clearfield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahaffey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "Curwensville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Clearfield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homes and fields were abandoned , with livestock driven along and a few possessions floated on rafts on the river east to Muncy , then further south to Sunbury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muncy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "Sunbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This performance was met with condemnation from baseball fans and sportswriters , and was called \" disgraceful \" by then-President George H. W. Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "George H. W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She won nearly 70,000 votes for president in the general election of 2012 , as the presidential nominee of the left-wing Peace and Freedom Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peace and Freedom Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , she made guest appearances on \" 3rd Rock from the Sun \" and \" The Nanny \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "3rd Rock from the Sun", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "The Nanny", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2011 , NBC picked up the show but later dropped it .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melvin Belli , her parents ' lawyer , said they had passed a lie detector test \" with flying colors \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melvin Belli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 14 , she came in second , losing the nomination to Jill Stein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jill Stein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She ended up voting for President Obama .", "entity": [{"entity": "Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is said that he got the idea of building a steel plant when he heard Thomas Carlyle declaring that \" the nation which gains control of iron soon acquires the control of gold \" in a lecture in Manchester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Carlyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The search for a site rich in iron , coal , limestone and water began in April 1904 in today 's Madhya Pradesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madhya Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modification and extension of the western end of the expressway started in 1 October 1991 to connect it to the Kranji Expressway which was being built at that time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kranji Expressway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was produced by Columbia Pictures Television and distributed by Coca-Cola Telecommunications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Pictures Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 53]}, {"entity": "Coca-Cola Telecommunications", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He competed in 55 events ( 45 indoors ) during a five-month period , starting at a sold-out Madison Square Garden on 6 January .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 - on the pace to finish in about 2:29:00 , just under Albert Michelsen 's marathon world record of 2:29:01 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Michelsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to the close vote , the matter was postponed until the 1934 meet in Stockholm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stockholm", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of restaurateur Rick Stein can be seen in the port , and tourists travel from long distances to eat at his restaurant and cafés .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rick Stein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year he was appointed assistant government chief whip by Taoiseach Charles Haughey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Haughey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received a limited release theatrically in the United States in 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 14 % rating , out of 7 reviews , and an average score of 3.1 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edi Orioli claimed a third title in the bikes category .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edi Orioli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2003 rally featured an unorthodox route from Marseille to Sharm El Sheikh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marseille", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Sharm El Sheikh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has been commentated on by Toby Moody for ten years , and most recently Neil Cole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toby Moody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Neil Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A film crew 's vehicle killed a mother and daughter in Mauritania on the last day of the race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , 2011 , 2013 , and 2015 , it played host to a UFC event .", "entity": [{"entity": "UFC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opponents stole just six bases in seven attempts against him , and his 20 victories ranked him second behind only Curt Schilling 's 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curt Schilling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He completed the season leading the majors in ERA ( 2.77 ) and strikeouts ( 245 ) , and tied Chien-Ming Wang in wins ( 19 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chien-Ming Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the fifth pitcher to win the award by a unanimous vote multiple times , joining Roger Clemens , Pedro Martínez , Greg Maddux and Sandy Koufax , who accomplished the feat three times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Clemens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Pedro Martínez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "Greg Maddux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "Sandy Koufax", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He walked none and allowed only two hits , both to Sammy Sosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sammy Sosa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the seventh inning , Mike Baxter made a difficult catch in left field , preserving the no-hitter , and then violently crashed into the wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was his fifth such award and followed his teammate R.A. Dickey who won it the prior week .", "entity": [{"entity": "R.A. Dickey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he was sent off against Twente , after kicking Spira Grujić whilst trying to beat him to the ball , for which he was later given a three-match ban .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twente", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Spira Grujić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He suffered abuse from a small section of the Southampton and West Ham United fans in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sent off in the 80th minute in a match against Arsenal on 15 March 2008 after kicking Gaël Clichy in the face with his boot , which resulted in him receiving a three-match ban .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Gaël Clichy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed as Zamalek head coach after the firing of Helmy Toulan on 21 January 2014 , despite being only 30 years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zamalek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Helmy Toulan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "problem with the team captain Hosny Abd Rabo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hosny Abd Rabo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also appointed Hazem Emam as the general manager and Ismail Youssef as the technical director .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hazem Emam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Ismail Youssef", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served as head football coach of his alma mater , from 1983 to 1991 , and as head coach at North Carolina Central University from 1993 to 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Carolina Central University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and was inspired to write \" Here Comes Santa Claus \" with Oakley Haldeman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Here Comes Santa Claus", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "Oakley Haldeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bees of this genus are of some economical significance in pollinating crops such as Brazil Nut ( \" Bertholletia excelsa \" ) and Cashew ( \" Anacardium occidentale \" , pollinated by \" C. tarsata \" among others ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil Nut", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "Cashew", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mating system of one species , \" C. pallida \" , has been particularly well-researched by the behavioral ecologist John Alcock ; the entomologist Adolpho Ducke also studied this genus .", "entity": [{"entity": "C. pallida", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "John Alcock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "Adolpho Ducke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Dublin City University and the University of Limerick , the chancellor is also the chairman of the university 's governing authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dublin City University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 25]}, {"entity": "University of Limerick", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multi-campus university system may be headed by a chancellor who serves as system-wide chief , with presidents governing individual institutions : for example , the State University of New York and the City University of New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "State University of New York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 195]}, {"entity": "City University of New York", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [204, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some schools , such as Lubbock Christian University , give the ceremonial title of \" chancellor \" to a retiring university president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lubbock Christian University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leader of the District of Columbia Public Schools system is also referred to as the chancellor .", "entity": [{"entity": "District of Columbia Public Schools", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , for example , there is both a chancellor and a president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Kenya , chancellors are titular heads of public universities , either appointed by the head of state ( president ) directly , or , in newly introduced legislation , at the recommendation of senate and alumni of the university .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Nigeria , chancellors are ceremonial heads of public universities ( mostly traditional monarchs ) , appointed by the head of state ( president ) , governor of a state ( in the case of state-owned universities ) or assumed by the owner of a private university .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the University of the Philippines , the chancellor assigns different vice-chancellors to handle different aspects of running the university .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of the Philippines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the season finale , a tribute is made to Sherwood Schwartz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sherwood Schwartz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , Isabel Sanford , Alley Mills , Barbara Billingsley , June Lockhart , and Pat Crowley appear as themselves in another episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isabel Sanford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Alley Mills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Barbara Billingsley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "June Lockhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Pat Crowley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyrics were also added and sung into the theme by the band 's lead vocalist , John Popper .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Popper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 28 , 2017 , television trade publications reported an 8-episode revival of the series , being shopped to multiple networks including ABC and Netflix .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "Netflix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Original writer Norm Macdonald stated he had written for eight of the episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norm Macdonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 7 , 2017 , it was confirmed that Estelle Parsons and Sandra Bernhard would return to the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estelle Parsons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "Sandra Bernhard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , season 10 holds an approval rating of 70 % based on 79 reviews , with an average rating of 6.72 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their acceptance speech , they honored late cast member Glenn Quinn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenn Quinn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some conditions , such as schizophrenia , can cause a loss of this sense , which may lead a person into delusions , such as feeling like a machine or like an outside source is controlling them .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contrast effect was noted by the 17th Century philosopher John Locke , who observed that lukewarm water can feel hot or cold depending on whether the hand touching it was previously in hot or cold water .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 20th Century , Wilhelm Wundt identified contrast as a fundamental principle of perception , and since then the effect has been confirmed in many different areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Wundt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The perceptual ecology approach was introduced by James J. Gibson , who rejected the assumption of a poverty of stimulus and the idea that perception is based upon sensations .", "entity": [{"entity": "James J. Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The constructivist view , held by such philosophers as Ernst von Glasersfeld , regards the continual adjustment of perception and action to the external input as precisely what constitutes the \" entity , \" which is therefore far from being invariant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst von Glasersfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many philosophers , such as Jerry Fodor , write that the purpose of perception is knowledge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Fodor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philosopher Andy Clark explains that perception , although it occurs quickly , is not simply a bottom-up process ( where minute details are put together to form larger wholes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PML occurs almost exclusively in patients with severe immune deficiency , most commonly among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , but people on chronic immunosuppressive medications including chemotherapy are also at increased risk of PML , such as patients with transplants , Hodgkin 's lymphoma , multiple sclerosis , psoriasis , and other autoimmune diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hodgkin 's lymphoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [302, 321]}, {"entity": "multiple sclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [324, 342]}, {"entity": "psoriasis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [345, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PML is a demyelinating disease , in which the myelin sheath covering the axons of nerve cells is gradually destroyed , impairing the transmission of nerve impulses .", "entity": [{"entity": "demyelinating disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [9, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rare complication of effective HAART is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ( IRIS ) , in which increased immune system activity actually increases the damage caused by the JCV infection ; although IRIS can often be managed with medication , it is extremely dangerous in PML .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most widespread interpretation is thought to be \" the emergence of mind , which follows geogenesis , biogenesis and anthropogenesis , forming a new sphere on Earth - noosphere \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , development of an individual 's intellect deals with concepts of embryogenesis , ontogenesis , morphogenesis , neurogenesis , higher nervous function of I.P. Pavlov and his philosophy of mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "I.P. Pavlov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the money his community raised for his studies and a graduate scholarship at Harvard University , he earned a doctorate in political science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These men chose the island of Rhodes for their base and working headquarters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhodes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , jockstraps are still worn mostly by adolescent and adult men for sports , weightlifting , medical purposes and for recovery from injury or surgery for such conditions as hematocele , inguinal hernia , hydrocele , or spermatocele .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematocele", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "inguinal hernia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "spermatocele", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [224, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Europe , from the time of the Middle Ages , undergarments available were limited to a loose fitting trouser-like piece of clothing called a braies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has no friends , no family ; his only companion is his bottle of rum .", "entity": [{"entity": "rum", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Batsmen like the imperial Archie MacLaren would kick the ball away contemptuously , but lissome Johnny Tyldesley proved that runs could still made if a batsman employed more enterprise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Archie MacLaren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Johnny Tyldesley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hostility between the players and the board saw a fist fight break out between Clem Hill and Peter McAlister at a selection meeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clem Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "Peter McAlister", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team , under the captaincy of Syd Gregory , left without these players .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syd Gregory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He told his three main bowlers , \" I wo n't ask you not to get a man out , but as long as Mead ( a notoriously slow scoring batsman ) remains at the wicket we ca n't be beaten \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mead", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also an influence on Matthew Hopkins in his work as a witch-finder between 1644 and 1646 in which an estimated 300 witches were tried and executed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew Hopkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This philosophical approach signified as a philomath seeking to obtain greater knowledge through epistemology , a term that was later coined by James Frederick Ferrier in 1854 .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Frederick Ferrier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also supported other artists on record and in live performances , including Jimmy Reed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1987 , BBC Radio broadcast an hour-long live performance by him .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC Radio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this time , his teenage son Ronnie Baker Brooks was touring with the band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronnie Baker Brooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He really started his racing career in 1935 , after linking up with Peter Whitehead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Whitehead", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the race , he survived the massive attrition to finish in 11th place , 12 laps adrift of the winner , Luigi Villoresi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luigi Villoresi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have three pairs of lower front incisors , which would usually suggest evolution from the order Dasyuromorphia , which consists of carnivorous marsupials ; however , the bandicoot 's middle two digits are syndactylous , meaning they are joined together except for the claw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dasyuromorphia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , though this idea is more likely , simply because of the rarity of syndactyly , it is possible that syndactyly evolved in the two different populations , and that bandicoots are actually more closely related to species such as the Tasmanian devil and the numbat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tasmanian devil", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [245, 260]}, {"entity": "numbat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [269, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , it is less common for people of any age to live with roommates in some countries , such as Japan , where single-person one-room apartments are plentiful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharing an apartment is quite popular by young adults ( most of them university students ) in countries like Germany , Austria and Switzerland , while sharing a bedroom is more uncommon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These flows also extend northeast to near Panguitch Lake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panguitch Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malnutrition and its consequences are large contributors to deaths , physical deformities and disabilities worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "disabilities", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This occurs naturally when atrophy takes place , or during periods of starvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The list of nutrients that people are known to require is , in the words of Marion Nestle , \" almost certainly incomplete \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marion Nestle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturated and some trans fats are typically solid at room temperature ( such as butter or lard ) , while unsaturated fats are typically liquids ( such as olive oil or flaxseed oil ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "butter", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "lard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "olive oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ) , or taken in through marine food sources , serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins ( e.g. , weakly inflammatory PGE3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammatory", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [262, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fiber can help in alleviating both constipation and diarrhea by increasing the weight and size of stool and softening it .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an ongoing debate about the differences in nutritional quality and adequacy of protein from vegan , vegetarian and animal sources , though many studies and institutions have found that a well-planned vegan or vegetarian diet contains enough high-quality protein to support the protein requirements of both sedentary and active people at all stages of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some dietitians recommend that these be supplied from foods in which they occur naturally , or at least as complex compounds , or sometimes even from natural inorganic sources ( such as calcium carbonate from ground oyster shells ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oyster", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [216, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supplements that have been studied most for mood elevation and stabilization include eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ( each of which are an omega-3 fatty acid contained in fish oil and algae oil , but not in flaxseed oil ) , vitamin B , folic acid , and inositol .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin B", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [240, 249]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [252, 262]}, {"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [269, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence indicate lifestyle-induced hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin function ( i.e. insulin resistance ) as decisive factors in many disease states .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperinsulinemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [106, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance ( the so-called metabolic syndrome ) are characterized by a combination of abdominal obesity , elevated blood sugar , elevated blood pressure , elevated blood triglycerides , and reduced HDL cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "metabolic syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence indicates that diets possibly protective against metabolic syndrome include low saturated and trans fat intake and foods rich in dietary fiber , such as high consumption of fruits and vegetables and moderate intake of low-fat dairy products .", "entity": [{"entity": "dietary fiber", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacteria in the large intestine perform many important functions for humans , including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of fermentable fiber , stimulating cell growth , repressing the growth of harmful bacteria , training the immune system to respond only to pathogens , producing vitamin B , and defending against some infectious diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin B", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [292, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa in women is 0.9 % , with 19 years as the average age of onset .", "entity": [{"entity": "anorexia nervosa", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to UNICEF , the Commonwealth of Independent States has the lowest rates of stunting and wasting , at 14 percent and 3 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNICEF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Commonwealth of Independent States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 60]}, {"entity": "wasting", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six countries in the Middle East and North Africa region are on target to meet goals for reducing underweight children by 2015 , and 12 countries have prevalence rates below 10 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "North Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Walter Gratzer , the study of nutrition probably began during the 6th century BC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Gratzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jan Baptist van Helmont , who discovered several gases such as carbon dioxide , performed the first quantitative experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Baptist van Helmont", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Boyle advanced chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Boyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physician Herman Boerhaave modeled the digestive process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herman Boerhaave", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physiologist Albrecht von Haller worked out the difference between nerves and muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albrecht von Haller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 1770 , Antoine Lavoisier discovered the details of metabolism , demonstrating that the oxidation of food is the source of body heat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antoine Lavoisier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1790 , George Fordyce recognized calcium as necessary for the survival of fowl .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Fordyce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1816 , François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates ( sugar ) , fat ( olive oil ) , and water died evidently of starvation , but dogs also fed protein survived - identifying protein as an essential dietary component .", "entity": [{"entity": "François Magendie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates , fat , and protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Prout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1860 s , Claude Bernard discovered that body fat can be synthesized from carbohydrate and protein , showing that the energy in blood glucose can be stored as fat or as glycogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude Bernard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1896 , Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugen Baumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over two decades later , nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1 , also known as thiamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiamine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 20th century , Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals , applying principles of physics in nutrition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl von Voit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Max Rubner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1912 Casimir Funk coined the term vitamin to label a vital factor in the diet : from the words \" vital \" and \" amine , \" because these unknown substances preventing scurvy , beriberi , and pellagra , were thought then to derive from ammonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casimir Funk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "vitamin", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "pellagra", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was synthesised the same year by Paul Karrer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Karrer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removing the outer layer of rice by polishing it removes with it the essential vitamin thiamine , causing beri-beri .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiamine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated ( as suggested by Pasteur ) to control bacterial disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pasteur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released on December 8 , 2004 in North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game received two zeroes and one 1.5 from \" Electronic Gaming Monthly \" , the lowest average score in the history of the publication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Gaming Monthly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the only candidate ; Amara Essy , who held the post in an interim capacity , withdrew his candidacy prior to the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amara Essy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him \" the single most influential director of his generation \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Bogdanovich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harvey Keitel read the script and also contributed to the budget , taking a role as co-producer and also playing a major part in the picture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvey Keitel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A homage to blaxploitation films , it starred Pam Grier , who starred in many of the films of that genre in the 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pam Grier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stated that he had given the script to a few trusted colleagues , including Bruce Dern , Tim Roth and Michael Madsen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Dern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Tim Roth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Michael Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2014 , Jennifer Jason Leigh was in talks to play the female lead in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Jason Leigh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sony Pictures distributed the film , which was theatrically released on July 26 , 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sony Pictures", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mark L. Smith was hired to write the screenplay the same month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark L. Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sergio Leone was a profound influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergio Leone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The route heads west from the interchange , paralleling loosely with the Harlem River through Mott Haven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harlem River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "Mott Haven", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then Pennsylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The freeway continues on , passing to the west of the centers of Round Lake at exit \" 11 and Malta at exit \" 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Round Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "Malta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A project to improve access to the Albany International Airport at exit4 is currently underway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albany International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 1545 Gerolamo Cardano compiled the works related to the quadratic equations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerolamo Cardano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quadratic formula covering all cases was first obtained by Simon Stevin in 1594 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Stevin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of 22 , he obtained his doctorate in medicine at the University of Frankfurt in 1767 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Frankfurt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This included both its \" natural \" attributes - flora , fauna , geography , and geology - and its peoples , economy , and government .", "entity": [{"entity": "flora", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "fauna", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then played the violin in orchestras before taking courses in conducting under Ferdinand Leitner in 1954 and 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferdinand Leitner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His conducting debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra was on 7 November 1956 , substituting for Carlo Maria Giulini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Concertgebouw Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 53]}, {"entity": "Carlo Maria Giulini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of 2019 , he is an infield instructor for the Atlanta Braves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Colorado Rockies in March 2009 but was released by the organization a month later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1969 he made the world premiere recording of Sibelius 's tone poem \" Luonnotar \" , with Gwyneth Jones as soprano soloist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sibelius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Luonnotar", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Gwyneth Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1974 , thanks to his uncle Čestmír Vycpálek 's aid , he had his first notable experience as part of the Palermo Calcio youth coaching staff , which ended in 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Čestmír Vycpálek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "Palermo Calcio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is credited with launching the career of Alessandro Nesta whilst managing Lazio , giving the young defender many first team opportunities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alessandro Nesta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of poor results , he was then fired on 24 December and replaced by Giuseppe Papadopulo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giuseppe Papadopulo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lower 20 \" mi ( 32 \" km ) of the river are within the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness , which is administered by the Bureau of Land Management ; a permit is required for any overnight visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 98]}, {"entity": "Bureau of Land Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Glen Campbell 's film debut , in an uncredited role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glen Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United States , radio markets are generally a bit smaller than their television counterparts , as broadcast power restrictions are stricter for radio than TV , and TV reaches further via cable .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last population in the wild , in the Orange Free State , was extirpated in the late 1870 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orange Free State", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to new ideas on telegony , referred to as pangenesis by Charles Darwin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Darwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quaggas , wildebeest , and ostriches , which occurred together during historical times in a mutually beneficial association , could be kept together in areas where the indigenous vegetation has to be maintained by grazing .", "entity": [{"entity": "wildebeest", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was chief conductor at the Berlin State Opera from 1919 to 1925 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin State Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composer married Barbara Kemp , the soprano who sang the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara Kemp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received his first musical training in violin , piano and theory at the same time as his formal education in Bonn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the dedicatee of \" Sea Drift \" by Frederick Delius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sea Drift", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Frederick Delius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 1882 , his busy schedule wore him down to a state of ill health and he was forced to retire to Wiesbaden where he died in 1885 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wiesbaden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Olivia Newton-John , Michael Beck and Gene Kelly in his final film role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivia Newton-John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 27]}, {"entity": "Michael Beck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Gene Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was formerly named after Junípero Serra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Junípero Serra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other bacteria like \" Pseudomonas aeruginosa \" , \" E. coli \" or \" Proteus \" spp .", "entity": [{"entity": "E. coli", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Proteus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The infestation by maggots of live animals is called myiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "myiasis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is particularly helpful with chronic osteomyelitis , chronic ulcers , and other pus-producing infections that are frequently caused by chafing due to work equipment .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteomyelitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "ulcers", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This therapy is used in horses for conditions such as osteomyelitis secondary to laminitis , sub-solar abscesses leading to osteomyelitis , post-surgical treatment of street-nail procedure for puncture wounds infecting the navicular bursa , canker , non-healing ulcers on the frog , and post-surgical site cleaning for keratoma removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteomyelitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "laminitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was introduced to motorsports at age eight , when his father took him to a sports car race in Monza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monza", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regular team driver , World Champion Alan Jones , could only qualify his car 21st .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting in 2007 , the BLS was sold in the Middle East , Mexico , South Africa and South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was never sold in the United States nor Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both aspects stem from the research performed by Cato M. Guldberg and Peter Waage between 1864 and 1879 in which equilibrium constants were derived by using kinetic data and the rate equation which they had proposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cato M. Guldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Peter Waage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of the rate equations was rediscovered later independently by Jacobus Henricus van ' t Hoff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacobus Henricus van ' t Hoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Planck Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his PhD he joined the working group of the Nobel laureate Adolf Windaus at the University of Göttingen and he finished his studies with a PhD in chemistry in 1927 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolf Windaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served as president of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science following Otto Hahn from 1960 to 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 84]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has publicly acknowledged her struggle with bipolar disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The valley was used by 19th century mountain men and was the site of the 1863 Bear River Massacre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bear River Massacre", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [78, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither airport provides commercial service , however Salt Lake City International Airport is within driving distance ( less than 2 hours ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt Lake City International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his time at the club , he managed 28 goals in 406 appearances ; he also scored a personal record of 8 goals during the 1996 – 97 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "1996 – 97", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A century in the future , humans land on Venus and colonize it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The games are based on Frederik Pohl 's novels , but deviate significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederik Pohl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously she was the President of Hunter College from 1980 until 1988 and chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1988 to 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hunter College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "University of Wisconsin–Madison", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1962 to 1964 , she was among the first volunteers to serve in the Peace Corps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peace Corps", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her placement took her to Iran where she worked with other volunteers to construct an agricultural college .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She served on the board of directors of Gannett Company from 2001 to 2011 , retiring because of age limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gannett Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trade to the Ottawa Senators in July 1995 was followed months later in March 1996 by a trade to the Los Angeles Kings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottawa Senators", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a conference room named after him in Whitgift School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whitgift School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first discovered in the region around Maevatanana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maevatanana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes place in the East Village of New York City from 1989 to 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 46 % based on reviews from 172 critics , with an average rating of 5.9 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absent was the unusual instrumentation which had been introduced several albums prior , most songs featuring drums , guitar , bass , and percussion as provided by the key members , which at this time were Mick Jagger ( lead vocal , various percussion and rhythm guitar ) , Keith Richards ( guitar and backing vocal ) , Mick Taylor ( guitar ) , Bill Wyman ( bass guitar ) , and Charlie Watts ( drums ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mick Jagger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 216]}, {"entity": "Keith Richards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [273, 287]}, {"entity": "Mick Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [319, 330]}, {"entity": "Bill Wyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [344, 354]}, {"entity": "Charlie Watts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [377, 390]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early versions of songs that would eventually appear on \" Exile on Main St. \" were also rehearsed during these sessions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Exile on Main St.", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game 's setting is inspired by several dark fantasy influences , most notably that of H. P. Lovecraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. P. Lovecraft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , \" PC Gamer \" declared it the 28th - best computer game ever released , and the editors called it \" one of the most addictive , adaptable , and pulse-pounding 3D shooters ever created \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "PC Gamer", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developed by Rogue Entertainment , it features two episodes divided into fifteen new single-player levels , a new multiplayer level , a new soundtrack , and several new enemies and bosses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogue Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quail that have fed on hemlock ( e.g. , during migration ) may induce acute kidney injury due to accumulation of toxic substances from the hemlock in the meat ; this problem is referred to as \" coturnism \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "coturnism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [194, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With cinematography by James Wong Howe , the film is considered by some to be one of the best films about boxing .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Wong Howe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the Whig vice presidential nominee in the election of 1844 , running on a ticket with Henry Clay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whig", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "Henry Clay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the son of Senator Frederick Frelinghuysen and the adoptive father of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederick Frelinghuysen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes place in the city of Rome under the rule of emperor Nero , c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Nero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A successful stage version of the novel by Stanislaus Stange was produced in 1900 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanislaus Stange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by Gerda Verburg on 22 February 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerda Verburg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Franken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Ronald Bass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ft. Foxy Brown reached top 5 at radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foxy Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The video was also directed by Director X and became No. 1 on MuchMusic for 3 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Director X", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "MuchMusic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her style has been described as \" glamorous \" meets \" sexy elegance \" by Holt Renfrew executives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holt Renfrew", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity , and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer , most significantly in men that of colon and prostate , however , not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [265, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother Yukio Hatoyama , also a politician and leader of the rival Democratic Party of Japan , became the country 's Prime Minister in September 2009 following a landslide victory in the August 2009 election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yukio Hatoyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of Japan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His maternal grandfather was Shōjirō Ishibashi , founder of Bridgestone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shōjirō Ishibashi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Bridgestone", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wanted to get into politics right away and became an aide to Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kakuei Tanaka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 , he helped form the now-defunct New Frontier Party , which he left in 1996 to form the Democratic Party of Japan with his brother , Yukio Hatoyama , and became the Vice Leader of the opposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Frontier Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Democratic Party of Japan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 121]}, {"entity": "Yukio Hatoyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Shinzō Abe cabinet as Justice Minister in August 2007 , and maintained his post through the September inauguration of the cabinet of Yasuo Fukuda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shinzō Abe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Yasuo Fukuda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serial killer Tsutomu Miyazaki was executed during his tenure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsutomu Miyazaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrés Iniesta said he would pay to watch him play , and fellow coach Vicente del Bosque admitted that he would always fit in the national team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrés Iniesta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Vicente del Bosque", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2007 , he signed with FC Nantes .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A granuloma is the body 's way of dealing with a substance it cannot remove or sterilize .", "entity": [{"entity": "granuloma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infectious causes of granulomas ( infections are typically the most common cause of granulomas ) include tuberculosis , leprosy , histoplasmosis , cryptococcosis , coccidioidomycosis , blastomycosis , and toxoplasmosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "leprosy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "histoplasmosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "cryptococcosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [147, 161]}, {"entity": "coccidioidomycosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [164, 182]}, {"entity": "blastomycosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [185, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human interferon gamma is commonly expressed in \" Escherichia coli \" , marketed as ACTIMMUNE ® , however , the resulting product of the prokaryotic expression system is not glycosylated with a short half-life in the bloodstream after injection ; the purification process from bacterial expression system is also very costly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not officially approved , Interferon-γ has also been shown to be effective in treating patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "atopic dermatitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [129, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon-γ has been shown to be a crucial player in the immune response against some intracellular pathogens , including that of Chagas disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chagas disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Entertainment Weekly \" gave the game an A + .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entertainment Weekly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The standard IRT name tablet mosaics are original as well as the fancy ceiling accents and the iron pillars .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other woman competed against men in this tournament until Annika Sörenstam , Suzy Whaley , Michelle Wie and Brittany Lincicome almost six decades later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annika Sörenstam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "Suzy Whaley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Michelle Wie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Brittany Lincicome", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She shot 76 - 76 to qualify for the Los Angeles Open .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a close friend of fellow golfer Betty Dodd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betty Dodd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She used her fame to raise funds for her cancer fund but also as a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Cancer Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He previously played for the Baltimore Orioles from 2001 to 2005 , New York Mets and Arizona Diamondbacks in 2006 , and the Florida Marlins in 2007 before being traded to the Rockies for Byung-hyun Kim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Florida Marlins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "Byung-hyun Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played in their minor league organization until he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for Ryan Minor on December 22 , 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Ryan Minor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded to the Colorado Rockies for Byung-hyun Kim the following day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "Byung-hyun Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2011 , he agreed to a contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates , but he did not pitch in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is second all-time in postseason pitching appearances ; only Mariano Rivera has pitched in more postseason games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mariano Rivera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His uncle , Steve Barr , played for the Boston Red Sox and Texas Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Barr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Host Hans Conried introduced short \" flickers \" pieced together from silent film footage and from other older movies , overdubbed with newly written comic dialogue , music , and sound effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Conried", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few other tyrant flycatchers - the social flycatcher ( \" Myiozetetes similis \" ) , for example - share a similar color pattern , but these species are markedly smaller .", "entity": [{"entity": "social flycatcher", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such opportunistic feeding behavior makes it one of the commonest birds in urban areas around Latin America ; its flashy belly and its shrill call make it one of the most conspicuous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not being appreciated as a songbird , the great kiskadee is not usually kept caged and therefore has escaped the depredations of poaching for the pet trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "songbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "pet", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Kurt Russell , Josh Lucas , Richard Dreyfuss , Emmy Rossum , Jacinda Barrett , Mike Vogel , Jimmy Bennett , and Andre Braugher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurt Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Josh Lucas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Richard Dreyfuss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Emmy Rossum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Jacinda Barrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Mike Vogel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "Andre Braugher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the passengers are enjoying a New Year 's Eve party , officers on the bridge see a huge rogue wave bearing down on the ship .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Year 's Eve", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For water simulations , proprietary software was used , known as PhysBAM , which was created in collaboration with Stanford University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harold \" Howie \" Weed was computer graphics modeler for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harold \" Howie \" Weed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" four parts of the world \" or the four corners of the world refers to the Americas ( the \" west \" ) , Europe ( the \" north \" ) , Asia ( the \" east \" ) , and Africa ( the \" south \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gingerbread foods vary , ranging from a soft , moist loaf cake to something close to a ginger snap .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginger snap", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molasses , which was less expensive than sugar , soon became a common ingredient and produced a softer cake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Molasses", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the biscuit form , it commonly takes the form of a gingerbread man .", "entity": [{"entity": "gingerbread man", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gingerbread men were first attributed to the court of Queen Elizabeth I , who served the figurines to foreign dignitaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Netherlands and Belgium , a soft and crumbly gingerbread called \" peperkoek \" , \" kruidkoek \" or \" ontbijtkoek \" is popularly served at breakfast time or during the day , thickly sliced and often topped with butter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tradition of cutting gingerbread into shapes takes many other forms and exists in many countries , a well-known example being the gingerbread man .", "entity": [{"entity": "gingerbread man", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [134, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , these were dunked in port wine .", "entity": [{"entity": "port wine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Switzerland , a gingerbread confection known as \" biber \" is typically a two-centimeter ( approximately ¾ of an inch ) thick rectangular gingerbread cake with a marzipan filling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "marzipan", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [164, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Russia , a gingerbread maker was first mentioned in Kazan cadastres in 1568 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Kazan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically three main centers of gingerbread production have developed in the cities of Vyazma , Gorodets , and Tula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vyazma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Gorodets", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "Tula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gingerbreads from Tver , Saint Petersburg , and Moscow were also well known in the Russian Empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Russian Empire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Poland , gingerbreads are known as \" pierniki \" ( singular : piernik ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Czech Republic pardubický perník is known .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Romania , gingerbread is called \" turtă dulce \" and usually has sugar glazing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of gingerbread in Bulgaria is known as \" меденка \" ( \" made of honey \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also wrote for \" Boys ' Life \" in 1952 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boys ' Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a nudist ; Eight of these books were illustrated by Clifford Geary in a distinctive white-on-black scratchboard style .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clifford Geary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These novels are controversial among his readers and one critic , David Langford , has written about them very negatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Langford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Stranger in a Strange Land \" was embraced by the hippie counterculture , and libertarians have found inspiration in \" The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stranger in a Strange Land", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 28]}, {"entity": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [120, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most prominent and controversial example is \" Farnham 's Freehold \" , which casts a white family into a future in which white people are the slaves of cannibalistic black rulers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Farnham 's Freehold", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of his books including \" Time for the Stars \" , \" Glory Road \" , \" Time Enough for Love \" , and \" The Number of the Beast \" dealt explicitly or implicitly with incest , sexual feelings and relations between adults , children , or both .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time for the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "Glory Road", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Time Enough for Love", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "The Number of the Beast", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [103, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other reports of volcanic phenomena in the region exist , and the existence of a large caldera beneath the Southern Patagonian Ice Field has been suggested as an explanation for volcanism there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the mountain is buried beneath the Viedma Glacier of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and only parts of it crop out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viedma Glacier", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many observations referring to volcanic activity on the Southern Patagonian Ice Field exist , including reports of ashfalls , layers of tephra on glaciers and columns of smoke rising from the ice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the popular mind she is best remembered for the controversy surrounding the trial of Adolf Eichmann , her attempt to explain how ordinary people become actors in totalitarian systems , which was considered by some an apologia , and for the phrase \" the banality of evil \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolf Eichmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his classes he and his students struggled with the meaning of \" Being \" as they worked together through Aristotle 's concept of ἀλήθεια ( truth ) and Plato 's \" Sophist \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "Sophist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is perhaps best known for her accounts of Adolf Eichmann and his trial , because of the intense controversy that it generated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolf Eichmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United States , the founders never betray the goal of \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her discussion of thinking was based on Socrates and his notion of thinking as a solitary dialogue between oneself , leading her to novel concepts of conscience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socrates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On arrival she was treated as a celebrity , meeting with the trial chief judge , Moshe Landau , and the foreign minister , Golda Meir .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moshe Landau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Golda Meir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was re-elected at the 1997 general election with a much reduced share of the vote , but lost his seat at the 2002 general election to the independent candidate Finian McGrath .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finian McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program featured many notable guest stars , some before they had achieved fame , including : John Astin , Jack Bannon , Roscoe Lee Browne , Steven Culp , Stacy Edwards , Fionnula Flanagan , Michelle Forbes , Kurt Fuller , Annie Golden , Grant Heslov , Laurie Holden , Stanley Kamel , Andreas Katsulas , Yaphet Kotto , Diane Ladd , Anthony LaPaglia , Scott Marlowe , David McCallum , Colm Meaney , William R. Moses , Craig Richard Nelson , Leslie Nielsen , Ethan Phillips , John Slattery , Brenda Strong , Robin Thomas , Sada Thompson , Tony Todd , John Vernon , Kate Vernon , Robert Walden and David Warner .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Astin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Jack Bannon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Roscoe Lee Browne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 141]}, {"entity": "Steven Culp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Stacy Edwards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "Fionnula Flanagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 191]}, {"entity": "Michelle Forbes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 209]}, {"entity": "Kurt Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 223]}, {"entity": "Annie Golden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [226, 238]}, {"entity": "Grant Heslov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [241, 253]}, {"entity": "Laurie Holden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 269]}, {"entity": "Stanley Kamel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [272, 285]}, {"entity": "Andreas Katsulas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [288, 304]}, {"entity": "Yaphet Kotto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [307, 319]}, {"entity": "Diane Ladd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [322, 332]}, {"entity": "Anthony LaPaglia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [335, 351]}, {"entity": "Scott Marlowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [354, 367]}, {"entity": "David McCallum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [370, 384]}, {"entity": "Colm Meaney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [387, 398]}, {"entity": "William R. Moses", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [401, 417]}, {"entity": "Craig Richard Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [420, 440]}, {"entity": "Leslie Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [443, 457]}, {"entity": "Ethan Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [460, 474]}, {"entity": "John Slattery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [477, 490]}, {"entity": "Brenda Strong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [493, 506]}, {"entity": "Robin Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [509, 521]}, {"entity": "Sada Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [524, 537]}, {"entity": "Tony Todd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [540, 549]}, {"entity": "John Vernon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [552, 563]}, {"entity": "Kate Vernon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [566, 577]}, {"entity": "Robert Walden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [580, 593]}, {"entity": "David Warner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [598, 610]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is constructed as a triptych : it contains three distinct stories connected by a car accident in Mexico City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 92 % of critics have given the film a positive review based on 116 reviews , with an average score of 7.75 / 10 , making the film a \" Certified Fresh \" on the website 's rating system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both present primitive characteristics , but \" Polaskia chichipe \" is nearer to \" Myrtillocactus \" while \" Polaskia chende \" is nearer to \" Stenocereus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myrtillocactus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Stenocereus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An autodidact , he began playing the piano at a young age and took to studying jazz seriously upon hearing Charlie Parker during his military service in Korea in the mid-1940 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1954 , he was playing with Art Blakey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Art Blakey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , he resettled in Baltimore , where he still resides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include the blind 18th - century composer John Stanley and the 20th - century songwriters Lionel Bart , Irving Berlin and Paul McCartney .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Stanley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Lionel Bart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Irving Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "Paul McCartney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of notation was first used in the late Middle Ages , and it has been used for keyboard ( e.g. , pipe organ ) and for fretted string instruments ( lute , guitar ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the father and agent of striker Eiður Guðjohnsen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eiður Guðjohnsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He shot the film in his home state of New Jersey for a budget of $ 2.5 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guests on the podcast include their co-stars Sarah Chalke , Judy Reyes , Neil Flynn , John C. McGinley , Christa Miller and Ken Jenkins , as well as the show 's creator , Bill Lawrence and director , Michael Spiller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Chalke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Judy Reyes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Neil Flynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "John C. McGinley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Christa Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "Ken Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Bill Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Michael Spiller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He dated model Taylor Bagley from 2009 to 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor Bagley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of April 2019 , he is in a relationship with actress Florence Pugh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florence Pugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They currently reside in Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In between recording those two albums , she launched her own independent record label Planet 9 and competed in \" Dancing with the Stars \" – season nine ; finishing in second place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Planet 9", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "Dancing with the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [113, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a child , she imitated Michael Jackson in her mother 's high-heeled boots , using a spoon as a make-believe microphone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the show 's frontrunners throughout the entire competition , she danced on a sprained ankle for the last five weeks and ultimately placed second behind singer Donny Osmond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donny Osmond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has her own recording studio and label imprint , Planet 9 and is heavily involved in the production of her music and every single process , from writing and recording to producing , mixing , and mastering her own projects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Planet 9", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six months later , he was working under John von Neumann , which proved a decisive experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "John von Neumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This occurs in ω Centauri where metal-poor red-giant-branch stars have the same or hotter temperatures as more metal-rich red clump giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "ω Centauri", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of the year , he took Jorge Julio 's job as the closer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge Julio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The closing job went to Scott Downs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Downs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The playing style was often compared to that of Gerd Müller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerd Müller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the younger son of Nelle Clyde ( ; 1883 – 1962 ) and Jack Reagan ( 1883 – 1941 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelle Clyde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Jack Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1947 but lived only one day ) , and adopted a third , Michael ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actor William Holden served as best man at the ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Holden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had two children : Patti ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nancy Reagan died on March 6 , 2016 , at the age of 94 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nancy Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The administration was also heavily criticized for backing anti-communist leaders accused of severe human rights violations , such as Hissène Habré of Chad and Efraín Ríos Montt of Guatemala .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hissène Habré", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "Efraín Ríos Montt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 179]}, {"entity": "Guatemala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- was exceeded only by Richard Nixon in his 1972 victory over George McGovern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "George McGovern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also declared June 11 a national day of mourning .", "entity": [{"entity": "national day of mourning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 7 , his body was transferred to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library , where a brief family funeral , conducted by Pastor Michael Wenning , was held .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan Presidential Library", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 78]}, {"entity": "Michael Wenning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system continued turned northward , and crossed Lake Erie into Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Erie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The governors of Pennsylvania , West Virginia , Maryland , New Jersey , and Delaware declared states of emergency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "West Virginia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Maryland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Delaware", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powerful surf affected the northern coastlines of the islands in the Greater Antilles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greater Antilles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rainfall was light , peaking at 1.34 \" inches ( 34 \" mm ) in Loris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Loris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moderate winds of up to 62 \" mph ( 100 \" km/h ) in Lewes downed numerous trees , tree limbs , and power lines across the state , leaving at least 15,300 without power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although sustained winds were weak in the state , wind gusts reached at Martinsburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martinsburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydro-Québec sent 25 \" teams to the New York City area to assist in power outages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydro-Québec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She often starred in vehicles by Cecil B. DeMille and Marshall Neilan , and she was recognised by leading film critics of the time to be one of the foremost actresses of the entire silent era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cecil B. DeMille", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Marshall Neilan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is also notable as being the first Eugene O'Neill play to be made into a motion picture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugene O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , her career in both of these fields petered out , and she began working in a Los Angeles department store .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1960 s , her acting legacy was resurrected when film scholars invited her to Europe to receive recognition for her work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are sometimes made with chocolate , champagne , custard , mocha , or \" advocaat \" filling , or with no filling at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "chocolate", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "custard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name is somewhat misleading , since the jam or jelly used is specially made with less pectin , so that it does not \" set \" like jams and jellies manufactured for table use but has a consistency comparable to Bavarian cream .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bavarian cream", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [212, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Brazil , berliners are called \" sonhos \" ( dreams ) and traditionally filled with yellow custard ( called simply \" creme \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some modern variants are filled with \" doce de leite \" , goiabada , or a mix of chocolate and \" doce de leite \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "doce de leite", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William McDougall read the book and wrote an introduction to it , which led him to establish the parapsychology department at Duke University .", "entity": [{"entity": "William McDougall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Duke University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gaining 879,000 votes made this his most successful run for office , but incumbent Governor Frank Merriam defeated him by a sizable margin , gaining 1,138,000 votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Merriam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1920 , he completed his Bachelor of Science , at University of Pennsylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One year later , he received his Master of Science at Columbia University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1948 to 1952 , he was Associate Dean at the Columbia Business School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Business School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supporters and manager joined together to welcome new owners George Gillett and Tom Hicks , with the hope the new owners would bring funding for new players and a new stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Gillett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Tom Hicks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They lost 4 – 2 on aggregate to Athletic Bilbao in the qualifying stages , thus entering the Europa League .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athletic Bilbao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Europa League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He suffered defeat in his first match in charge , losing 1 – 0 away to eventual champions Leicester City on 14 March .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is approximately 430 light years from the Sun ; The projected rotational velocity of the equator is 185 \" km / s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a long-term fan of Tottenham Hotspur , and made an appearance on the pitch as part of the half-time entertainment during the team 's home match against Swansea City on 1 April 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "Swansea City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At first a private venture , in 1900 , the owners planned to sell it and Alexandra Park for development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexandra Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1935 , the trustees leased part of the palace to the BBC for use as the production and transmission centre for their new BBC Television .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "BBC Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sims Reeves sang on the opening day before an audience of 102,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sims Reeves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Henry Willis organ installed in 1875 , vandalised in 1918 and restored and reopened in 1929 , survives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theatre was greatly altered in the early 1920 s , with the general manager , W. J. MacQueen-Pope , spending the war reparation money on refurbishing the auditorium .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. J. MacQueen-Pope", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After these changes , the theatre was leased by Archie Pitt , then husband of Gracie Fields , who appeared in the theatre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Archie Pitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Gracie Fields", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1935 , the trustees leased part of the palace to the BBC for use as the production and transmission centre for their new BBC Television service .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "BBC Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antenna was designed by Charles Samuel Franklin of the Marconi Company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Samuel Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "Marconi Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2013 , Björk performed one of the final concerts of her Biophilia Tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Björk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Biophilia Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area has a total population of 35 million inhabitants , of whom 12 million live in the river basin , and where malaria control intervention coverage is among the lowest in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "malaria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , an agency and service facility was established in Seattle , Washington to sell and maintain locomotives for west coast buyers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 16 October , it showed its first pictures of the massive opposition rallies taking place every Monday in Leipzig .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leipzig", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 1968 she was the equal longest-serving senator , alongside Bert Hendrickson and Justin O'Byrne .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bert Hendrickson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "Justin O'Byrne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Ron Livingston , Jennifer Aniston , Gary Cole , Stephen Root , David Herman , Ajay Naidu , and Diedrich Bader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Livingston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Jennifer Aniston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "Gary Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Stephen Root", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "David Herman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Ajay Naidu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "Diedrich Bader", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Jim Carrey invited me to his house .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Carrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chris Rock left me the best voicemail ever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are now five generally accepted subspecies of bar-tailed godwit , listed from west to east : In a major staging site in the northern Yellow Sea , they continue to hunt polychaetes , but most of their food intake is the bivalve mollusc \" Potamocorbula laevis \" , which they generally swallow whole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yellow Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "polychaetes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [174, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially released for the Commodore 64 in 1985 , it was ported to other computers over the next several years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Commodore 64", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leaves can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on the species .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "evergreen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was too expensive , so they switched to using other materials such as maple and birch .", "entity": [{"entity": "maple", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was substituted off directly afterward in the 20th minute and diagnosed with a left sixth cranial nerve palsy , resulting in double vision , an injury that could have ended his football career .", "entity": [{"entity": "double vision", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [128, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its county seat is Elkader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elkader", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Francis Bacon , his wife 's uncle , died in his arms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Sir Charles Caesar ( 27 January 1590 – 6 December 1642 ) was a member of Parliament , as well as Master of the Rolls from 1639 to 1642 , which he purchased for £ 15,000 and a £ 2,000 loan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Caesar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was drawn by Ken Harrison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first two official team goals in a 6 – 0 victory against fourth division club SC Victoria Hamburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC Victoria Hamburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal of the season came on 14 September 2011 when he scored the winning goal in the 1 – 0 home win against Asteras Tripolis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asteras Tripolis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is fluent in several languages and grew up in Europe , mainly Austria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently resides in Liechtenstein , of which he is also a citizen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liechtenstein", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly thereafter , his father presented him to the professor and composer Eduard Caudella .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduard Caudella", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied violin with Martin Pierre Marsick , harmony with André Gedalge , and composition with Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Pierre Marsick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "André Gedalge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Jules Massenet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "Gabriel Fauré", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His former teammate Meckiff took issue with the contents and sued for libel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meckiff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A considerable turnover of players due to constant failure in the past eighteen months had seen the likes of Steve Waugh , David Boon , Dean Jones , Craig McDermott and Geoff Marsh all make their debuts under captain Allan Border .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "David Boon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "Dean Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "Craig McDermott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 164]}, {"entity": "Geoff Marsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "Allan Border", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Australia collapsed from 1 / 58 in the first innings to be dismissed for 119 , with Curtly Ambrose taking a spell of 7 / 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curtly Ambrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four previous seasons had seen the team strengthening introductions of Mark Waugh , Shane Warne , Michael Slater and Glenn McGrath in each of the respective seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Shane Warne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Michael Slater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Glenn McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also held the 100 m national record at 9.86 s , having run it four times until Richard Thompson ran 9.85 s on 13 August 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resides in Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is widely viewed as one of the all-time leading sportsmen in the history of the Caribbean , as well as one of its most internationally recognizable spokesman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparison , the Milky Way has a diameter of 100,000 light years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milky Way", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The county seat is Buchanan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buchanan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 9 September away to Real Betis , scoring the team 's goal after 48 minutes but being sent off seven minutes later for striking Jaime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Betis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Jaime", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a junior player , he started at the junior team of FC Porto .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Porto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He failed to lead his team to the 2006 FIFA World Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "2006 FIFA World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first start , a home game against West Ham United on 9 April , he had an opportunity to score an equaliser from six yards out but smashed his shot against the crossbar , and was shown an immediate red card in the 17th minute for a challenge on Lionel Scaloni ; nevertheless , they went on to win it 4 – 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Lionel Scaloni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [251, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such brain mapping has been accomplished in spontaneous mutant mice with cerebellar disease such as reeler and a transgenic model of Alzheimer 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "reeler", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [133, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the art of persuasion , which along with grammar and logic ( or dialectic \" – see Martianus Capella ) , is one of the three ancient arts of discourse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martianus Capella", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looking to another key rhetorical theorist , Plato defined the scope of rhetoric according to his negative opinions of the art .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhetorical scholar Michael Leff characterizes the conflict between these positions as viewing rhetoric as a \" thing contained \" versus a \" container \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Leff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kenneth Burke asserted humans use rhetoric to resolve conflicts by identifying shared characteristics and interests in symbols .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aristotle and Isocrates were two of the first to see rhetoric in this light .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isocrates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because rhetoric is a public art capable of shaping opinion , some of the ancients including Plato found fault in it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James Boyd White argues further that rhetoric is capable not only of addressing issues of political interest but that it can influence culture as a whole .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Boyd White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demosthenes and Lysias emerged as major orators during this period , and Isocrates and Gorgias as prominent teachers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Demosthenes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Lysias", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Isocrates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Gorgias", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhetoric was later taught in universities during the Middle Ages as one of the three original liberal arts or trivium ( along with logic and grammar ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scholars such as Francis Bacon developed the study of \" scientific rhetoric \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This plain language carried over to John Locke 's teaching , which emphasized concrete knowledge and steered away from ornamentation in speech , further alienating rhetorical instruction , which was identified wholly with this ornamentation , from the pursuit of knowledge .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possibly , the first study about the power of language may be attributed to the philosopher Empedocles ( d .", "entity": [{"entity": "Empedocles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "481 – 420 BC ) , Gorgias ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gorgias", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "483 – 376 BC ) , and Isocrates ( 436 – 338 BC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isocrates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an extensive reference on the use of rhetoric , and in the Middle Ages and Renaissance , it achieved wide publication as an advanced school text on rhetoric .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerome ( d .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerome", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One influential figure in the rebirth of interest in classical rhetoric was Erasmus ( – 1536 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erasmus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A successful early text was Thomas Wilson 's \" ( 1553 ) , which presents a traditional treatment of rhetoric .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work provided a simple presentation of rhetoric that emphasized the treatment of style , and became so popular that it was mentioned in John Brinsley 's ( 1612 ) \" Ludus literarius ; \" as being the \" \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Brinsley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the committee 's members were John Evelyn ( 1620 – 1706 ) , Thomas Sprat ( 1635 – 1713 ) , and John Dryden ( 1631 – 1700 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Evelyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Thomas Sprat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "John Dryden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also appeared in the second-season finale of the television series \" Scrubs \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scrubs", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' film \" Green Lantern \" , which was released on June 17 , 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Green Lantern", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then went on to Southampton where he spent three years , including a six-month loan spell with Hertha BSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Hertha BSC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opposition fans point to accusations of diving and that he spat at Celtic captain Neil Lennon ; although these accusations were reported to the Scottish Football Association they were not pursued .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Neil Lennon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Scottish Football Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored from 25 yards in the 3 – 2 victory of West Bromwich Albion on 6 October 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He maintained his place in the starting line-up for the following game and scored again in a 2 – 0 win over Dunfermline at East End Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunfermline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "East End Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He replaced captain Karol Kisel and was given the captain 's armband for the remainder of the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karol Kisel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her second solo album , \" Double Dutchess \" , was released in 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Double Dutchess", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 1998 , they released their second album , \" Oxygen \" , which was a commercial failure , only selling 200,000 copies worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fourth single , \" Big Girls Do n't Cry \" , was released on May 22 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Girls Do n't Cry", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their sixth studio album , \" The Beginning \" , was released on November 30 , 2010 , and received mixed reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Beginning", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music video was released on March 16 , 2011 , and it was filmed in Tokyo , one week before the earthquake and the tsunami .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "earthquake and the tsunami", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [99, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's third single was \" Do n't Stop the Party \" and it was released on May 10 , 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Do n't Stop the Party", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She stated in an interview with radio host Ryan Seacrest that will .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Seacrest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also attends college in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the oldest stone rail bridge in Pennsylvania still in use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1889 , it opened a new bridge across the Hackensack River improving service to its terminals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hackensack River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five hotel guests were treated for smoke inhalation , but none required hospitalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "smoke inhalation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ralph Engelstad and Charles Frias , who both held substantial interest in the resort , had made $ 100,000 deposits which allowed them to bid at the hearing , but they did not do so and left the hearing without commenting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ralph Engelstad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Charles Frias", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of DNA showed that the closest relative of the red wattlebird is the yellow wattlebird of Tasmania , the pair splitting from the ancestor of the regent honeyeater - their next closest relative .", "entity": [{"entity": "yellow wattlebird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Tasmania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The red wattlebird is hard to confuse with any other species , though in poor visibility it might be mistaken for the spiny-cheeked honeyeater , or little or western wattlebirds .", "entity": [{"entity": "little", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [148, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , birds vacate the Brindabella Range over the cooler months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brindabella Range", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They seldom look for food on the ground , though do so to feed on shrubs such as the cats paw ( \" Anigozanthos humilis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anigozanthos humilis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The red wattlebird prioritises visiting flowers that produce a lot of nectar , such as those of eucalypts , banksias , grasstrees ( \" Xanthorrhoea \" ) , and emu bushes ( \" Eremophila \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthorrhoea", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Eremophila", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [172, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species forages much more often in native than exotic plants , though the introduced coral tree ( \" Erythrina \" ) is popular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erythrina", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nests of red wattlebirds are often parasitized by the pallid cuckoo ( \" Cacomantis pallidus \" ) , and less commonly by the Pacific koel ( \" Eudynamys orientalis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pallid cuckoo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Pacific koel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a longtime research fellow at Stanford University 's Hoover Institution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "Hoover Institution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fellow members included Denis Healey and Philip Toynbee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denis Healey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Philip Toynbee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The question of why these leaders had pleaded guilty and confessed to various crimes at the trials had become a topic of discussion for a number of western writers , and helped inspire anti-Communist tracts such as George Orwell 's \" Nineteen Eighty-Four \" and Arthur Koestler 's \" Darkness at Noon \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Orwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 228]}, {"entity": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [234, 254]}, {"entity": "Arthur Koestler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 276]}, {"entity": "Darkness at Noon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [282, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Movement poets , many of whom bristled at being so labeled , rejected the experiments of earlier practitioners such as Ezra Pound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ezra Pound", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T-type calcium channel blockers are used to treat epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Edward Dmytryk , starred Clark Gable and Susan Hayward , and was written by Ernest K. Gann based on his 1954 novel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Dmytryk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Clark Gable", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Susan Hayward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Ernest K. Gann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of nandrolone cases in athletics occurred in 1999 , which included high-profile athletes such as Merlene Ottey , Dieter Baumann and Linford Christie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Merlene Ottey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "Dieter Baumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "Linford Christie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of the numerous overturned verdicts , the testing procedure was reviewed by UK Sport .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK Sport", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were intensively studied for osteoporosis , and increased calcium uptake and decreased bone loss , but caused virilization in about half of the women who took them and were mostly abandoned for this use when better drugs like the bisphosphonates became available .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first two decades of the 21st century , compulsory voting was introduced in Samoa and Bulgaria , while Chile , Cyprus , the Dominican Republic , Fiji and Paraguay have repealed it during that same period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samoa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "Bulgaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "Dominican Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 153]}, {"entity": "Fiji", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goods and services provided by public offices may be denied to those failing to vote in Peru and Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has a younger brother , Randy , a former actor who , , works as a life coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Randy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All complemented by the shore of the Saint Lawrence River to the south and east , specifically a portion of the river known as the Lachine Rapids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Lawrence River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "Lachine Rapids", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are represented by Anju Dhillon and David Lametti of the Liberal Party of Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anju Dhillon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "David Lametti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Liberal Party of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Provincially , the entire borough is within the electoral district of Marguerite-Bourgeoys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marguerite-Bourgeoys", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a sophomore , he had a memorable moment when , in the closing seconds of the game , he bounced the ball off Carlos Boozer 's forehead and then made a three-pointer before the clock ran out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlos Boozer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The letter ran in several Bay Area newspapers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1993 , he played four games with the Chicago White Sox , before finally retiring due to lingering back problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Jack Morris won more games in the 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some non-ratifying parties , such as the United States , recognize parts of it as a restatement of customary law and binding upon them as such .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the school 's jazz band , she toured the Soviet Union in 1969 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After touring France in 1984 with the musical \" Sophisticated Ladies \" , she moved to Paris in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Sophisticated Ladies", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 68]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by Bernie Sanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernie Sanders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The springhare resembles a small kangaroo ( though unrelated ) with well-developed hind legs , which allows it to leap over in a single bound .", "entity": [{"entity": "kangaroo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they are not weaned and do not leave the burrow until they are about half grown .", "entity": [{"entity": "weaned", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composer Jeremy Soule wrote music for the game , including both cutscenes and gameplay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeremy Soule", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has an elder sister , Aimee , and a younger brother , Jack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aimee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 17 August 2009 , co-hosts Tom Bergeron and Samantha Harris announced the cast of stars for the 2009 autumn series of \" Dancing with the Stars \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Bergeron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Samantha Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Dancing with the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [122, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", serving as a host , with Joan Rivers , of the series \" Fashion Police \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "Fashion Police", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other names included in the campaign are Whoopi Goldberg , Jason Mraz , Elton John , Judith Light , Cynthia Nixon , Kim Kardashian , Anna Paquin and Clay Aiken .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whoopi Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Jason Mraz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "Judith Light", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Cynthia Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Kim Kardashian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "Anna Paquin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "Clay Aiken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graham Linehan and Stephen Merchant appear twice as the hospital porter and chef respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Linehan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Stephen Merchant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His former clubs include Tottenham Hotspur , Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Bolton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite comfortably saving Kevin Davies ' shot , he lost grasp of the ball as it crawled over the goal line .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did make a comeback performance in a goalless home draw against Wolves on 28 February , putting up a \" world-class save \" to deny Kenny Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Kenny Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carl Linnaeus , Olaus Rudbeck , Emanuel Swedenborg , and several archbishops are also buried here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Linnaeus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Olaus Rudbeck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Emanuel Swedenborg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High spires were added later , but after a fire in 1702 , they were adorned with low helms by Carl Hårleman in 1735 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Hårleman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal material is red brick but the cathedral was built on a stone foundation and the chancel pillars and many details are of Gotland limestone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brick could easily be produced locally but stone had to be imported from the distant quarries of Gotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monument , crowned by a marble vault , was designed by Willem Boy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willem Boy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frescos in the chancel were probably painted by Albertus Pictor 's workshop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albertus Pictor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parish seat is St. Francisville .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Francisville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the father of songwriter / producer Nicolai Seebach and singer / songwriter / producer Rasmus Seebach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolai Seebach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "Rasmus Seebach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was at this time that he recorded and performed \" Apache \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apache", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 , he won the competition once again , in a duet with Debbie Cameron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Debbie Cameron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died at the age of 53 at the amusement park Bakken , where he had been head of musical entertainment for several years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bakken", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parish seat is Vidalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vidalia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the son of Sydney Smith Lee , a captain in the Confederate States Navy , and the nephew of General Robert E. Lee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Smith Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "Confederate States Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "Robert E. Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gen. Wade Hampton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wade Hampton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this post ( in which he was retained by President William McKinley until 1898 ) he was from the first called upon to deal with a situation of great difficulty , which culminated with the destruction of the warship .", "entity": [{"entity": "William McKinley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a large molecule , with a molecular weight of 150 kDa , that binds to TNFα and decreases its role in disorders involving excess inflammation in humans and other animals , including autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis , juvenile rheumatoid arthritis , psoriasis , psoriatic arthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , and , potentially , in a variety of other disorders mediated by excess TNFα .", "entity": [{"entity": "ankylosing spondylitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [215, 237]}, {"entity": "psoriasis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [272, 281]}, {"entity": "psoriatic arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [284, 303]}, {"entity": "rheumatoid arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [306, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serious infections and sepsis , including fatalities , have been reported with the use of etanercept including reactivation of latent tuberculosis and hepatitis B infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "sepsis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "latent tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [127, 146]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has also been a report of strongyloides hyperinfection after use of etanercept .", "entity": [{"entity": "strongyloides", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It mediates the immune response by attracting additional white blood cells to sites of inflammation and through additional molecular mechanisms that initiate and amplify inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coins were issued for commemorative purposes and were not intended for circulation , although they remain legal tender and must be accepted at Post Offices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Post Offices", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This face was also designed by Arnold Machin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arnold Machin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both faces were designed by Arnold Machin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arnold Machin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Hayden Panettiere and Bill Pullman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hayden Panettiere", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "Bill Pullman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took his players down Woolley Colliery to show them what they could have been doing for a living .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woolley Colliery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has suffered from arthritic knees in recent years .", "entity": [{"entity": "arthritic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In collaboration with Felix Bloch , he measured the magnetic moment of the neutron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Felix Bloch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that time the stability of these two reaction products was unknown , but based on existing theories Hans Bethe thought that tritium would be stable and helium-3 unstable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Bethe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this he began a long series of experiments , collaborating with Felix Bloch , to measure the magnetic moment of the neutron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Felix Bloch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though some of these were to bear fruit , the \" big idea \" of this time would come from Edwin McMillan with his concept of phase stability which led to the synchrocyclotron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edwin McMillan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His remains were cremated , and his ashes were scattered over Monterey Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monterey Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theme song was performed by Joseph Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Disney Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "Toon Disney", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the beginning of the 2nd century BC , power was contested between two groups of aristocrats : the optimates , representing the conservative part of the Senate , and the populares , which relied on the help of the plebs ( urban lower class ) to gain power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 296 , he elevated Maximian to \" Augustus \" of the western half , where he ruled mostly from Mediolanum when not on the move .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maximian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Mediolanum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that period the pope died , and the cardinals , summoned in Viterbo , could not agree on his successor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viterbo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To accomplish that , the popes engaged the best artists of the time , including Michelangelo , Perugino , Raphael , Ghirlandaio , Luca Signorelli , Botticelli , and Cosimo Rosselli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michelangelo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "Perugino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Raphael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Ghirlandaio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Luca Signorelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 145]}, {"entity": "Botticelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "Cosimo Rosselli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original settlement developed on hills that faced onto a ford beside the Tiber Island , the only natural ford of the river in this area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tiber Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the city centre is about inland from the Tyrrhenian Sea , the city territory extends to the shore , where the south-western district of Ostia is located .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyrrhenian Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Ostia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city 's urban area is cut in two by its ring-road , the \" Grande Raccordo Anulare \" ( \" GRA \" ) , finished in 1962 , which circles the city centre at a distance of about .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grande Raccordo Anulare", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The size of the city at the time of the Emperor Augustus is a matter of speculation , with estimates based on grain distribution , grain imports , aqueduct capacity , city limits , population density , census reports , and assumptions about the number of unreported women , children and slaves providing a very wide range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It continued to stagnate or shrink until the Renaissance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carlo Verdone , Enrico Montesano , Gigi Proietti and Nino Manfredi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlo Verdone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Enrico Montesano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "Gigi Proietti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Nino Manfredi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second-largest station in the city , Roma Tiburtina , has been redeveloped as a high-speed rail terminus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roma Tiburtina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It fills a similar niche to that of \" Typha \" and often grows with it , though usually in shallower water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Typha", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some regions where it is not native , it has escaped from cultivation to establish itself as an invasive aquatic plant which can create dense , monotypic stands , outcompeting other plants in the ecosystem .", "entity": [{"entity": "aquatic plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His compositional style is reminiscent at times of Edvard Grieg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edvard Grieg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work is influenced by the writings of Carl Jung and James Hillman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Jung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "James Hillman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To promote the album , the band - with Keri Kelli on rhythm guitar - embarked on an extensive world tour in support of AC / DC in the summer of 2000 , followed by their own headlining theater tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keri Kelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "AC / DC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For many months , the four searched for a lead singer by listening to offered demo tapes , a monotonous process documented by VH1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former touring guitarist Frank Sidoris joined the band full-time for the recording sessions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Sidoris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was released the following year as \" A Fistful of Alice \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Fistful of Alice", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was co-written with Anthony Bozza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Bozza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inductees Axl Rose , Izzy Stradlin and Dizzy Reed declined to attend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Axl Rose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Izzy Stradlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Dizzy Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received excellent notices and reprised the role for television in 1970 for the \" Hallmark Hall of Fame \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hallmark Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A television film , William Bast 's \" The Man in the Iron Mask \" ( 1977 ) , followed .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Bast", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "The Man in the Iron Mask", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Captain Melancthon Taylor Woolsey was able to make sufficient adjustments to the workday that the men returned to work after a couple of days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melancthon Taylor Woolsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Korean War , the military was caught in the midst of transition from propellers to jets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korean War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilot training requirements shifted upward to meet the demands for the Vietnam War , which occupied much of the 1960 s and 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Howard Zieff learned photography there and the monthly inspection at the school was photographed by Joseph Janney Steinmetz in 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Zieff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Joseph Janney Steinmetz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Athenaeus mentions many other cookbooks , all of them lost .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athenaeus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The luxurious taste of the aristocracy in the Early Modern Period brought with it the start of what can be called the modern recipe book .", "entity": [{"entity": "Early Modern Period", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although eclipsed in fame and regard by Isabella Beeton , the first modern cookery writer and compiler of recipes for the home was Eliza Acton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isabella Beeton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Eliza Acton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he is sometimes described as bisexual , as opposed to homosexual , he described his heterosexual affairs during a radio show with Jonathan Ross as the result of adventurousness : \" I was basically adventurous , I think I wanted to try everything \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2007 , he delivered one of the eulogies at the funeral of fashion director Isabella Blow , his friend since they were teenagers , who had died by suicide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isabella Blow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Cutaneous T cell lymphoma \" ( \" CTCL \" ) is a class of non-Hodgkin lymphoma , which is a type of cancer of the immune system .", "entity": [{"entity": "non-Hodgkin lymphoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lesions change shape as the disease progresses , typically beginning as what appears to be a rash which can be very itchy and eventually forming plaques and tumors before spreading to other parts of the body .", "entity": [{"entity": "rash", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the symptoms for the aforementioned types are : enlarged lymph nodes , an enlarged liver and spleen , and non-specific dermatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "enlarged lymph nodes", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "enlarged liver and spleen", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [80, 105]}, {"entity": "dermatitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of CTCL and is responsible for half of all cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mycosis fungoides", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the BBC , the DVD broke all sales records for a music video , nearly three times as many in the first week of sales as the previous record holder .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the film is both a parody of and tribute to many kitsch science fiction and horror films , costume designer Sue Blane conducted no research for her designs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sue Blane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is often shown close to Halloween .", "entity": [{"entity": "Halloween", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production stills were taken by rock photographer Mick Rock , who has published a number of books from his work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mick Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The island was also settled during the Mesolithic period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was touted as the next Christian Wilhelmsson , with similar hair color and speed on the flank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian Wilhelmsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first league appearance on 28 February 2014 as a substitute for Boubacar Dialiba during the second half in their 1 – 0 win over Lokeren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boubacar Dialiba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "Lokeren", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He first attracted general attention by advocating the passage of a law establishing a ten-hour day for laborers , but he also opposed labor strikes over the matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten-hour day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nation 's capital was threatened with isolation from free states because it was unclear whether Maryland , a slave state , would also secede .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maryland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Abolitionist Quaker George Keith , then published a reply .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Keith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band released three albums , \" The Alpha Band \" in 1977 , \" Spark in the Dark \" in 1977 , and \" The Statue Makers of Hollywood \" in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Alpha Band", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Spark in the Dark", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "The Statue Makers of Hollywood", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended the University of Texas at Austin for a semester , and then Brooklyn College , before again dropping out .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Texas at Austin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 45]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was an early financial supporter of President Bill Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicholas Colasanto , Theresa Saldana , and Frank Vincent all play supporting roles in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicholas Colasanto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Theresa Saldana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Frank Vincent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story was based on the vision of journalist Pete Hamill of a 1930 s and 1940 s style , when boxing was known as \" the great dark prince of sports \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Hamill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Motion Picture Editors Guild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of Robbie Robertson , the songs were carefully chosen so they would be the ones that a person would hear on the radio , at the pool or in bars and clubs which reflected the mood of that particular era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robbie Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "He began his career with the club in the amateur divisions in 1982 , also later playing for the Botafogo youth side before returning to the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botafogo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2001 , he was sent out on loan to Napoli , where he remained until June .", "entity": [{"entity": "Napoli", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the highest points in the district and is said to be at the same level as the cross on St Paul 's Cathedral in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "St Paul 's Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 120]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its most significant treasures , several windows by Edward Burne-Jones , had been removed in the early stages of the war by Birmingham Civic Society , and were replaced , unharmed , when the building was restored in 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Burne-Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "Birmingham Civic Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organ , originally built by Thomas Swarbrick , still dates in part from 1715 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Swarbrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 2050 plastic could emit 56 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions , as much as 14 percent of the earth 's remaining carbon budget , except the harm to Phytoplankton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phytoplankton", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reducing the use of screens can help fight many diseases , among others depression , the leading cause of disability globally .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his daughters has schizophrenia ; this reportedly influenced his decision to become a strong supporter of legislation providing for parity in insurance coverage for mental illness .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theme tune was composed by Tony Hatch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Hatch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shorts were written by Lynn Ahrens and animated by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynn Ahrens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "DePatie–Freleng Enterprises", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It underwent substantial development by Howard T. Odum and was applied by systems ecologists , and radiation ecologists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard T. Odum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was selected off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 25 , 1917 to back up Honus Wagner , but did not hit sufficiently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "Honus Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at Castleknock College and was in government under his former school mate Liam Cosgrave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Castleknock College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 38]}, {"entity": "Liam Cosgrave", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More unrest took shape in demonstrations against the Vietnam War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a hockey analyst on Montreal Canadiens ' broadcasts on Sportsnet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Canadiens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "Sportsnet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His successor , Anders Fogh Rasmussen , took office on 1 August 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anders Fogh Rasmussen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title featured short science fiction stories and a number of continuing series , most written by many of the best-known comics and science fiction writers of the day , including John Broome , Gardner Fox , Jack Schiff , Otto Binder , and Edmond Hamilton .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Broome", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "Gardner Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "Jack Schiff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 221]}, {"entity": "Otto Binder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [224, 235]}, {"entity": "Edmond Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [242, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He laid the foundation for 17th - century continental rationalism , later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz , and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes , Locke , Berkeley , and Hume .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spinoza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Leibniz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Hobbes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 195]}, {"entity": "Berkeley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 206]}, {"entity": "Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [213, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was this theory of innate knowledge that later led philosopher John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ) to combat the theory of empiricism , which held that all knowledge is acquired through experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas humans had a soul , or mind , and were able to feel pain and anxiety , animals by virtue of not having a soul could not feel pain or anxiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Algebraic rules were given geometric proofs by mathematicians such as Pacioli , Cardan , Tartaglia and Ferrari .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacioli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Cardan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Tartaglia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "Ferrari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was in opposition to the teachings of mathematicians , such as Vieta , who argued that it could represent only area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vieta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1904 he joined the Social Democratic Workers ' Party , which later was absorbed into the Labour Party in 1946 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Democratic Workers ' Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 55]}, {"entity": "Labour Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1910 to 1931 he was chairman of The Hague branch of the Social Democratic Workers ' Party and between 1913 and 1941 a member of the municipal council of The Hague .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Workers ' Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 94]}, {"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 he ended in third place in the election of The Greatest Dutchman .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Greatest Dutchman", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [51, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The octopus being eaten alive was not computer-generated ; four were used during the making of this scene .", "entity": [{"entity": "octopus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final scene 's snowy landscape was filmed in New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 82 % based on 147 reviews with an average rating of 7.38 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 2016 BBC poll , critics voted the film the 30th greatest since 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In South Korea , the film was seen by 3,260,000 filmgoers and ranks fifth for the highest-grossing film of 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended and played collegiate basketball at the University of Houston , where he was one of the last \" original \" members of the famed Phi Slama Jama fraternity .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Houston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "Phi Slama Jama", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [139, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named after the American Revolutionary War hero and Philadelphia resident John Barry .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "John Barry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He interviews Ben Hamper , an auto worker who suffered a nervous breakdown on the assembly line and is residing at a mental health facility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Hamper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Ronald Reagan visits the town and suggests that the unemployed auto workers find work by moving across the country , though the restaurant he visits has its cash register stolen during the event ( off-camera ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 100 % based on reviews from 30 critics , with an average score of 8.76 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a printmaker , and held exhibitions with artists Kjell Nupen and Ørnulf Opdahl in 2011 and 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kjell Nupen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Ørnulf Opdahl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One could say that whereas SWIFT is the standard for back office messaging , FIX is the standard for front office messaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "SWIFT", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cinematography was by Lee Garmes and W. Howard Greene and the music was by Miklós Rózsa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Garmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "W. Howard Greene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Miklós Rózsa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a critical approval of 50 % , based on 12 reviews , with an average rating 6.9 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval audience rating of 72 % based on 954 ratings , and three reviews with a rating average of 3.6 / 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1936 , a cable car link was built from Mont-Dore to one of the needles just below the summit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mont-Dore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a C-type asteroid , meaning that it is very dark and carbonaceous in composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Never an undisputed starter , barred by Ronaldo , Sonny Anderson and the versatile Luis Enrique during his two-season stint , he managed to net 18 times in competitive matches , being very popular among the Camp Nou faithful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Sonny Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Luis Enrique", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Camp Nou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The young begin to take solid food at two weeks , and are fully weaned by two to four months of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "weaned", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Working with producer Jacob Hellner , they released their debut album \" Herzeleid \" in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacob Hellner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Herzeleid", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their second live album , \" Völkerball \" , was released in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Völkerball", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was again produced by Jacob Hellner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacob Hellner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led Universal Music to take action against certain fan sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Universal Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the Ahoi Tour in 2004 / 2005 , the band began using a two-level stage , with half the band playing the lower level and the other half on the upper level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahoi Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes a darkly comic view of the Armin Meiwes cannibalism case , showing a cross-dressed Schneider holding the other five band members on a leash and rolling around in mud .", "entity": [{"entity": "Armin Meiwes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Schneider", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to her exact contemporaries , Milan Kundera and Gabriel García Márquez , the breadth of her literary canvas , her vision and insight , transcend time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan Kundera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Gabriel García Márquez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diapsids were originally classified as one of four subclasses of the class Reptilia , all of which were based on the number and arrangement of openings in the skull .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reptilia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was towed to a drydock at Locust Point , near Fort McHenry , in 1996 , and a $ 7.3 million rebuilding and restoration project was undertaken and completed in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Locust Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Fort McHenry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extract of mangosteen peels are traditionally used in Indonesia as the source of natural dye for textile colouring ; to acquire brown , dark brown , purple to red hues , especially applied in traditional tenun ikat and batik textiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 2006 album \" Last Man Standing \" is his best selling to date , with over a million copies sold worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last Man Standing", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his youth , he began playing piano with two of his cousins , Mickey Gilley ( later a popular country music singer ) and Jimmy Swaggart ( later a popular television evangelist ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mickey Gilley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Swaggart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The public downfall of his cousin , television evangelist Jimmy Swaggart , resulted in more adverse publicity to a troubled family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Swaggart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by Kris Kristofferson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kris Kristofferson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added 56 runs to the total in a record ninth-wicket 100 run partnership with Vikram Solanki before chipping a return catch to Shoaib Akhtar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vikram Solanki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Shoaib Akhtar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played in the second Test at Mohali , replacing Ian Blackwell in the side .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mohali", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Ian Blackwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by James Anderson for the third Test .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This included a double wicket maiden in his first over of the day , dismissing Michael Vandort and Mahela Jayawardene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Vandort", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "Mahela Jayawardene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also took the wickets of Michael Clarke and Glenn McGrath .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Glenn McGrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The memorial was designed by Harry Hems and raised by public subscription in 1909 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Hems", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poet 's paternal family had arrived in Wallachia during the early 19th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wallachia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other commentators have defined the poet 's perspective on life as a result of \" neurosis \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seeking to achieve a perfect union with his lover , he eventually kills her and drowns himself in the Black Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rondels written at this stage , known collectively as \" Poema rondelurilor \" , are one of the first instances where the technique is used locally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poema rondelurilor", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early stages of his career , Ion Pillat wrote pieces which echo his master 's choice of exotic themes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ion Pillat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Ion Minulescu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ion Minulescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A while after this episode , Marin Sorescu , one of the best-known modernist poets of his generation , wrote a homage-parody of the \" Nights \" cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marin Sorescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second-in-command Albert Armitage , a merchant officer , was offered the chance to go home on compassionate grounds , but interpreted the offer as a personal slight , and refused .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Armitage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a sculptor , socialite and cosmopolitan who had studied under Auguste Rodin and whose circle included Isadora Duncan , Pablo Picasso and Aleister Crowley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Rodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Isadora Duncan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "Pablo Picasso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Aleister Crowley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snow vehicles did not yet exist however , and so his engineer Reginald Skelton developed the idea of a caterpillar track for snow surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reginald Skelton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though this championship was almost always used and defended in the Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling promotion , there were times when it was won and defended through arrangements with other promotions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their second studio album \" Mr. Wonderful \" was released in 1968 and continued the formula of the first album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mr. Wonderful", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lived for a period on Canvey Island , Essex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canvey Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Essex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cars came fifth and sixth the first year after a quartet of Porsche 911 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porsche 911", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focaccia is a particularly common locally baked bread product .", "entity": [{"entity": "Focaccia", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Farinata , a typical snack found in bakeries and pizzerias , is a savoury and crunchy pancake made from a base of chick pea flour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Farinata", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town of Corniglia is particularly popular for a gelato made from local honey ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corniglia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "gelato", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 the Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre was created to conserve the ecological balance , protect the landscape , and safeguard the anthropological values of the location .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original deck truss bridge opened in 1962 to replace the last automotive ferry service in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bridge is the largest lightweight concrete segmental bridge in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symptoms may include abnormal growth , ulcer or sore on the penis , bleeding or foul smelling discharge .", "entity": [{"entity": "ulcer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , in Paraguay , Uruguay , Uganda and Brazil the incidence is 4.2 , 4.4 , 2.8 and 1.5 – 3.7 per 100,000 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Uganda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the close-up poses recreate noted portraits of such stars as Marilyn Monroe , Bette Davis , Veronica Lake , Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich , Katharine Hepburn , Judy Garland and Jean Harlow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marilyn Monroe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Bette Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Veronica Lake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Greta Garbo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Marlene Dietrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "Katharine Hepburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 166]}, {"entity": "Judy Garland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "Jean Harlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This object is orbiting the Sun with a period of , a semimajor axis of , and an eccentricity of 0.185 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has a 2:1 commensurability with Mars , having an orbital period double that of the planet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His paternal grandparents immigrated from Ukraine , and his mother 's family was from Lithuania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ukraine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Lithuania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also close friends with Everett Dirksen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everett Dirksen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later that month , he began writing new opinion columns for Creators Syndicate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Creators Syndicate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his most significant scoops was in his July 23 , 1985 , column , when he printed that Rock Hudson , despite denials from the actor 's publicists and managers , was undergoing treatment for AIDS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rock Hudson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His bluffs to questions from Peter Marshall became legendary , as he was able to fool contestants into believing his ( often ridiculous ) answers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some say he was even better than the accepted champion in that regard , long-time participant John Davidson .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Davidson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film composer Danny Elfman has made great use of this technique , which needs to be performed in a more \" transparent \" orchestral setting to be heard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danny Elfman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Keanu Reeves , Dennis Hopper , Sandra Bullock , Joe Morton , and Jeff Daniels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keanu Reeves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Dennis Hopper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Sandra Bullock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Joe Morton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Jeff Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and as the flyover was already constructed , a gap was added in the editing process using computer-generated imagery with the help of Sony Pictures Imageworks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sony Pictures Imageworks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming of the final scenes occurred at Mojave Airport , which doubled for Los Angeles International Airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mojave Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the soundtrack release , a separate album featuring 40 minutes of Mark Mancina 's score from the film was released on August 30 , 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Mancina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" organization Ku Klux Klan , but opted to remain silent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ku Klux Klan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As that section of the text is now known to have been a later forgery , its author is instead known as Pseudo-Ingulf .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pseudo-Ingulf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alison Weir writes that the chronicles dated before 1117 are \" spurious \" , while the three anonymously written \" continuations \" that span the periods from 1144 – 1469 , 1459 – 1468 and 1485 – 1486 are genuine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alison Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by someone who had access to information from the court of Richard III - described as being a doctor of canon law and member of Edward IV 's council .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Edward IV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original score was composed by Garry Schyman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garry Schyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some reviewers and essayists such as Jonathan Blow also claimed that the \" moral choice \" the game offered to the player ( saving or harvesting the little sisters ) was flawed because , to them , it had no real impact on the game , which ultimately lead them to think that the sisters were just mechanics of no real importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Blow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2012 , \" Time \" named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also speculated on any follow-ups mimicking the development cycle of \" Grand Theft Auto \" , with a new release expected every two to three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Theft Auto", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second is the four-minute version of the \" Smooth Criminal \" music video .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smooth Criminal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He opened with a course record 61 , continued with aggregate course and tournament records after every round and finished with an 18-under 262 total , 12 strokes ahead of second placed Lanny Wadkins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanny Wadkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The win was inspired by his late friend Seve Ballesteros , to whom he dedicated the win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seve Ballesteros", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is only the second golfer to be honored since the awards were launched in 1987 ; Seve Ballesteros was honored in 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seve Ballesteros", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The muscular symptoms are most likely caused by blockade of the dopamine receptor D , leading to abnormal function of the basal ganglia similar to that seen in Parkinson 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [160, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The raised white blood cell count and creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) plasma concentration seen in those with NMS is due to increased muscular activity and rhabdomyolysis ( destruction of muscle tissue ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "raised white blood cell count", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [4, 33]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [155, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient may suffer hypertensive crisis and metabolic acidosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertensive crisis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "metabolic acidosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model of NMS strengthens its suspected association with malignant hyperthermia in which NMS may be regarded as a neurogenic form of this condition which itself is linked to defective calcium-related proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant hyperthermia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [61, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the Boston Red Sox ( 1972 – 1973 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1974 – 1976 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 1977 – 1978 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1978 – 1981 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 1981 ) and New York Yankees ( 1982 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 176]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [190, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then briefly attended Grambling State University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grambling State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in 1968 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vigil may be held on the eve of a major religious festival ( feast days ) , observed by remaining awake&mdash ; \" watchful \" & mdash ; as a devotional exercise or ritual observance on the eve of a holy day .", "entity": [{"entity": "eve", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "holy day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Middle Ages , a squire on the night before his knighting ceremony was expected to take a cleansing bath , fast , make confession , and then hold an all-night vigil of prayer in the chapel , preparing himself in this manner for life as a knight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series started as a computer-animated web movie series on the BBC 's website and has now spawned two book adaptations and two novels and a role-playing game .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dermochelyids are relatives of the family Cheloniidae , which contains the other six extant sea turtle species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheloniidae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leatherback turtles have the most hydrodynamic body design of any sea turtle , with a large , teardrop-shaped body .", "entity": [{"entity": "sea turtle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Caribbean , the mean size of adults was reported at in weight and in CCL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , those nesting in French Guiana , weighed an average of and measured in CCL .", "entity": [{"entity": "French Guiana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike other sea turtles , leatherback feeding areas are in colder waters , where an abundance of their jellyfish prey is found , which broadens their range .", "entity": [{"entity": "jellyfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few hundred nest annually on the eastern coast of Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a pelagic species , \" D. coriacea \" is occasionally caught as bycatch .", "entity": [{"entity": "bycatch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been called the \" naked quasar \" and the \" quasar without a home \" because it appears to lack a host galaxy .", "entity": [{"entity": "galaxy", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eurynome was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 14 , 1863 .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. C. Watson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While wintering in Arizona , he died on February 6 , 1995 from a heart attack related to AIDS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is also noted for her coverage of songs by Bertolt Brecht , Kurt Weill and Hanns Eisler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertolt Brecht", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "Kurt Weill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Hanns Eisler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was subsequently added to the 2001 remastered edition of the parent album , \" Aural Sculpture \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aural Sculpture", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Hong Kong , physics is a subject for public examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Ioan Gruffudd , Jessica Alba , Chris Evans , Michael Chiklis , Julian McMahon and Kerry Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ioan Gruffudd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Jessica Alba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Chris Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Michael Chiklis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Julian McMahon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "Kerry Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He goes to brood on Brooklyn Bridge and accidentally causes a traffic pile-up while stopping a man from committing suicide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter Segal was hired to direct in April 1997 , and was replaced by Sam Weisman by the end of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Segal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Sam Weisman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Peyton Reed in April 2001 and Mark Frost was brought on board for another rewrite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peyton Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Mark Frost", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simon Kinberg wrote uncredited drafts of the script .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Kinberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 27 % based on 213 reviews with an average rating of 4.51 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Canberra on 2 November 1965 , aged 71 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canberra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This multi-purpose stadium was designed by Kim Swoo-geun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Swoo-geun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then offered a job with the Philadelphia Flyers as an assistant to head coach Fred Shero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Flyers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "Fred Shero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domestic service resumed on June 16 , 2006 , with service to Las Vegas by Allegiant Air .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Allegiant Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Air service to Phoenix began in September 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influential \" AIMA \" ( 2009 ) defines an agent as \" anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators \" , and characterizes intelligence as the ability to succeed at acting in accordance with certain ideal standards for rationality .", "entity": [{"entity": "AIMA", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Bob Hawke just a few weeks before the 1983 election , after months of speculation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Hawke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued his education privately , completing an economics degree ( on a part-time basis ) at the University of Queensland .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Queensland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the late 1950 s he became active in the Labor Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labor Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Asiaweek \" , 19 August 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asiaweek", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While on the board of \" Quadrant \" , he took time to lend personal support to the publication and wrote a tribute to its editor P.P. McGuinness on his death in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "P.P. McGuinness", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One eruption over several days in March 2008 released a plume of ash and water vapor that drifted northwest over the Bismarck Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bismarck Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His younger contemporary Pythagoras ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pythagoras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orpheus , its legendary founder , is said to have taught that the immortal soul aspires to freedom while the body holds it prisoner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orpheus", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Persius in his satires ( vi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Persius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 ) laughs at this , it is referred to also by Lucretius and Horace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucretius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Horace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the early 20th century , interest in reincarnation had been introduced into the nascent discipline of psychology , largely due to the influence of William James , who raised aspects of the philosophy of mind , comparative religion , the psychology of religious experience and the nature of empiricism .", "entity": [{"entity": "William James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It teaches a linear concept of life , wherein a human being has only one life and upon death he or she is judged by God , then rewarded in heaven or punished in hell .", "entity": [{"entity": "God", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However Inayat Khan has criticized the idea as unhelpful to the spiritual seeker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inayat Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeptic Carl Sagan asked the Dalai Lama what he would do if a fundamental tenet of his religion ( reincarnation ) were definitively disproved by science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Sagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Dalai Lama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over a period of 40 years , psychiatrist Ian Stevenson , from the University of Virginia , conducted more than 2,500 case studies of young children who claimed to remember past lives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Stevenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "University of Virginia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her brother was Marshal Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In political matters she had much influence with the king , and she received £ 10,000 for procuring the recall of Viscount Bolingbroke from exile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viscount Bolingbroke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pindar characterizes them as notably brave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pindar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Ben Affleck , Kate Beckinsale , Josh Hartnett , Cuba Gooding Jr. , Tom Sizemore , Jon Voight , Colm Feore , and Alec Baldwin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Affleck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Kate Beckinsale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Josh Hartnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Cuba Gooding Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "Tom Sizemore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Jon Voight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Colm Feore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Alec Baldwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 24 % based on 194 reviews , with an average rating of 4.5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original score was composed by Hans Zimmer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Zimmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also credited with the realization of the first monolithic integrated circuit or microchip , which fueled the personal computer revolution and gave Silicon Valley its name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silicon Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This independent effort was recorded only a few months after the key findings of inventor Jack Kilby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Kilby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has sat on the board of directors of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations Research Institute for Social Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gardens were created by Christopher Tunnard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Tunnard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That honour later went to hooker Royce Simmons in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royce Simmons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He participated again in 2010 , 2013 , 2017 , 2018 and 2019 , with Richard Ayoade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Ayoade", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2018 , he was a panellist on \" QI \" alongside Russell Brand and Aisling Bea .", "entity": [{"entity": "QI", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "Russell Brand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Aisling Bea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has stated that he has been heavily influenced by the works of Salvador Dalí .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salvador Dalí", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has portraits of Freddie Mercury in his home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddie Mercury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later played for Hereford United , and briefly worked at Cheltenham Town as a player-manager .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereford United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Cheltenham Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show starred former silent film icon Esther Ralston , whose career had faded with the advent of sound in the late 1920 s ; she had lost most of her money and had been working as a sales clerk before finding some acting roles here and there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Esther Ralston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of them was a brief appearance on the daytime courtroom drama \" The Verdict Is Yours \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Verdict Is Yours", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [68, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show did not gain a significant audience and was ended after several months , on the same day \" The Brighter Day \" ended its run .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Brighter Day", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest is Salt Lake City at the middle of the urban area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt Lake City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Cera voiced the character in \" The Lego Batman Movie \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Cera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "The Lego Batman Movie", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bodies were also stolen from gallows and examined by many like Andreas Vesalius , a professor of anatomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andreas Vesalius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allowed him to create more accurate skeleton models by making more than 200 corrections to the works of Galen who dissected animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 1925 , the book was the first novel to be adapted for radio by the BBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", directed by Percy Nash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percy Nash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earless monitor lizard was described in 1878 by Franz Steindachner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franz Steindachner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus name \" Lanthanotus \" means \" hidden ear \" and the species name \" borneensis \" refers to its home island of Borneo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Borneo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here it is known from West and North Kalimantan in Indonesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "North Kalimantan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not known from Brunei , but may occur there and has been recorded c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brunei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are no records from Sabah , Central Kalimantan or South Kalimantan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sabah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Central Kalimantan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "South Kalimantan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this capacity , he worked with Dikembe Mutombo to lead a series of basketball clinics and team-building exercises with 50 youth and 36 coaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dikembe Mutombo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1st \" century BC , Cicero is said to have gathered information that was damaging to opponents and used it in attacks against them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cicero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He accused one political opponent , Catiline , of murdering one wife to make room for another .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catiline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writers such as Daniel Defoe , Jonathan Swift , and Henry Fielding participated , often writing under assumed names .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Defoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Swift", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Henry Fielding", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a member of the Democratic Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut the following month in a game against Santa Cruz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Cruz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal for the club came against São José-PA on 18 March 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "São José-PA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next match , away to Lazio ( 0 – 1 ) , he scored his first goal and the match-winner for the \" Rossazzurri \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the latter competition , he appeared in nine matches – six complete – including the first half of the final against Arsenal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was temporarily replaced for five concerts by 24-year - old session drummer Jimmie Nicol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmie Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon afterwards , the band began an ill-fated film project , \" Magical Mystery Tour \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Magical Mystery Tour", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was partly inspired by the band 's recent interactions with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company signed eleven artists and released fifteen singles and five albums between 1975 and 1978 , including works by David Hentschel , Graham Bonnet and Rab Noakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hentschel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "Graham Bonnet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "Rab Noakes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The label was not prolific , but their first signing was Liam Lynch , who produced a 2003 LP entitled \" Fake Songs \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liam Lynch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Fake Songs", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stated that he \" was never really into drummers \" , but identified Cozy Cole 1958 cover of Benny Goodman \" Topsy Part Two \" as \" the one drum record \" he bought .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cozy Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "Benny Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Topsy Part Two", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drum fills on ' A Day in the Life ' are very , very complex things .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Day in the Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they received their insignia from Queen Elizabeth II at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth II", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Buckingham Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous material .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was most notable for his four-year spell at Swindon Town , which was disrupted by various injuries and misfortunes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swindon Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underlying rock is crag-sand with overlying sand and glacial till deposits with gravel , with the crag exposed at coastal cliffs such as at Pakefield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakefield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major local employers include Birds Eye frozen foods , with 700 workers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birds Eye", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sanyo plant in the town closed down in 2009 with a loss of 60 jobs , having once employed 800 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanyo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The timber company Jeld-Wen closed its factory in the town in 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeld-Wen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wildlife park , situated in the south at Kessingland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kessingland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next largest school , The Price College of Business enrolls 13 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Price College of Business", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After graduating , he worked his way through the University of Chicago , finishing with a B.A. in 1897 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He obtained a J.D. degree from the University of Chicago Law School in 1907 but rarely practiced .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago Law School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later he had an ongoing battle with Thomas E. Dewey , the presidential candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas E. Dewey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned on February 13 , 1946 , unhappy with the organization 's failure to pay him the agreed-upon salary and unwilling to support the organization of a new political party to support Henry Wallace 's presidential race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Wallace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [189, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Harold M. Ickes , however , pronounces the name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harold M. Ickes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was based on a story by William Dudley Pelley .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Dudley Pelley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The business was renamed TD Ameritrade .", "entity": [{"entity": "TD Ameritrade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein 's book \" The Final Days \" , it was also Richard Nixon 's favorite film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Woodward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Carl Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "The Final Days", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Richard Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A made-for-television sequel , \" The Last Days of Patton \" , was produced in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Last Days of Patton", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Thompson responded to the advertisement and joined the band in June 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phil Manzanera - soon to become a group member - was one of about twenty other players who also auditioned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Manzanera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hailing the beetle as a \" herald of prosperity , \" it stands as the world 's first monument built to honor an agricultural pest .", "entity": [{"entity": "beetle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotton was grown again , but farmers learned to diversify their crops , a practice which brought new money to Coffee County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coffee County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original statue of the woman , excluding the fountain and boll weevil , was built in Italy for approximately $ 1,800 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Norfolk Island it is called simply \" red parrot \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norfolk Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crimson rosella 's blue tail feathers are one of the favourite decorations of the satin bowerbird .", "entity": [{"entity": "satin bowerbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" P. elegans elegans \" , the nominate race of Victoria and eastern New South Wales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yellow rosella , which lives along the Murray River and several of its tributaries , was reclassified ( 1968 ) as a subspecies , \" P. elegans flaveolus \" , of the crimson as the two were found to interbreed where their ranges overlap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Murray River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two crimson rosellas were also recorded from the Tararua foothills in 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tararua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crimson rosellas were taken to Norfolk Island as cage birds during the first penal settlement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norfolk Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1870 , Victor Guérin found it had 1800 inhabitants and was surrounded by beautiful gardens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Guérin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yoko Ono held an exhibition there in 1999 , and some of her art is still on show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yoko Ono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in 2000 at age 52 when he was struck by an automobile in southwest Detroit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See also Aurelio López and Aurelio Monteagudo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aurelio López", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Aurelio Monteagudo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On January 5 , , he signed with the Seattle Mariners , but never played in a game before being put on the 60-day disabled list and missing the entire season due to injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However a theorem of Graham Higman states that a finitely generated group has a recursive presentation if and only if it can be embedded in a finitely presented group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Higman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bernhard Neumann has shown that there are uncountably many non-isomorphic two generator groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernhard Neumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first systematic study was given by Walther von Dyck , student of Felix Klein , in the early 1880 s , laying the foundations for combinatorial group theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther von Dyck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "Felix Klein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was shown by Pyotr Novikov in 1955 and a different proof was obtained by William Boone in 1958 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyotr Novikov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "William Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salvage excavations carried out in 2001 by the Israel Antiquities Authority uncovered several burials at the northern foot of the original tell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel Antiquities Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the burials are dated to the later Iron Age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One burial points to a late Bronze Age occupation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Walid Khalidi , a railroad crosses the village .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walid Khalidi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the seven coins was minted by Caliph Harun al-Rashid ( 786 – 809 CE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harun al-Rashid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was refused a University of Oxford DPhil , but was published in 1956 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus \" Asaccus \" is endemic to the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proliferation of his creativity gained a special momentum after World War II , when the communist regime took over the full publication of works , which in the 1930 s had been partially unpublished .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it was still in use with hot blast in New York in the 1880 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Japan the last of the old \" tatara \" bloomeries used in production of traditional tamahagane steel , mainly used in swordmaking , was extinguished only in 1925 , though in the late 20th century the production resumed on a low scale to supply the steel to the artisan swordmakers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 15th century , the blast furnace spread into what is now Belgium where it was improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The introduction of coke for use in the blast furnace by Abraham Darby in 1709 ( or perhaps others a little earlier ) initially had little effect on wrought iron production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abraham Darby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by his designated successor Yann Sommer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yann Sommer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later joined the Conservative Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after being appointed , he was crossing Camden High Street when a sports car shot along the street without stopping , nearly causing him \" serious injury or worse \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camden High Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wind farm at Scroby Sands has thirty 2&ndash ; megawatt wind turbines , off shore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scroby Sands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It concerns a young couple on a road trip in Oregon when they accidentally wander into a small town inhabited by dead rock and roll legends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of their first projects was a plan for the rehabilitation of the old port of Otranto from an industrial site into a commercial and tourist attraction ( 1977 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otranto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wall separating the museum from the neighboring road constructed of porphyry stone from Patagonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patagonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was designed in large part to protect the fragile drawings of Paul Klee from sunlight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Klee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sculpture park with works of Anish Kapoor , Louise Bourgeois and other notable sculptors is placed between the museum and the water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anish Kapoor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Louise Bourgeois", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first jobs as a jazz musician were playing bass with Jaki Byard and Chico Hamilton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaki Byard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Chico Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played on soul-pop star Roberta Flack 's album \" First Take \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberta Flack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "First Take", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is most typically found in short-lived freshwater ponds that are still , shallow , unshaded , and unpolluted , and it tends to avoid waters that contain predatory fish , whether native or introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predation on adult frogs has been recorded for the red-bellied black snake , tiger snake , The female moves around while depositing , leaving a trail of eggs that sometimes entangles upon itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-bellied black snake", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "tiger snake", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was signed on 2 May 1668 in Aachen ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aachen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also returned the province of Franche-Comté .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franche-Comté", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fifty-cent piece pictures Founding Father Benjamin Franklin on the obverse and the Liberty Bell on the reverse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Liberty Bell", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new half dollars first went on sale at noon on April 30 , 1948 , the anniversary of George Washington 's 1789 inauguration as President .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "1789 inauguration as President", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [109, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stony S-type asteroid measures about 65 kilometers in diameter and has a perihelion of 2.1 \" AU .", "entity": [{"entity": "S-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is larger than all family members apart from 15 Eunomia while lying at the very edge of the family group .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also distinguished , along with his brother Jim Perry , for being part of the second-winningest brother combination in baseball history - second only to the knuckleball throwing brothers , Phil Niekro and Joe Niekro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Perry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Phil Niekro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "Joe Niekro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lone run came on a first-inning home run by light-hitting Ron Hunt - the second of the only two he would hit that season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and won his 300th game on May 6 , 1982 , the first pitcher to win 300 since Early Wynn did so in 1963 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Early Wynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 23 of that year , he was ejected from a game against the Boston Red Sox for doctoring the ball , and given a 10-day suspension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in 1983 , he became the third pitcher in the same year to surpass longtime strikeout king Walter Johnson 's record of 3,509 strikeouts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Carlton and Nolan Ryan were the others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Carlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Nolan Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greg Maddux surpassed both men , with 17 in a row ( 1988 – 2004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Maddux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received her undergraduate degree from Brooklyn College in 1942 and her doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1950 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sociologist Daniel Bell wrote that theirs was \" the best marriage of our generation \" and her husband wrote that he was “ astonished how intellectually twinned ” the two were “ pursuing different subjects while thinking the same thoughts and reaching the same conclusions ” .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Bell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus is endemic to Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was finally succeeded by Zbigniew Boniek on 26 October 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zbigniew Boniek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He arrived at Stal Mielec as a teenager in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stal Mielec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These geckos appear very similar to the \" Uroplatus \" geckos native to Madagascar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uroplatus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Madagascar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposal was deeply unpopular among the faculty and students ; 1,500 of them subsequently organized a rally in November 1967 on Boston Common demanding a downtown location in Copley Square .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Common", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "Copley Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial reactions of the residents of Savin Hill and Columbia Point were mixed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Savin Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Columbia Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designed by architect I. M. Pei , construction for the building broke ground on June 12 , 1977 , and was completed and dedicated in October 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "I. M. Pei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction for the facility began on July 20 , 2001 , and was completed during the tenure of Chancellor Jo Ann M. Gora .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jo Ann M. Gora", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 15 , 2015 , linguist and public intellectual Noam Chomsky spoke at the university .", "entity": [{"entity": "Noam Chomsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She graduated from McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific , with a Juris Doctor in 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "McGeorge School of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "University of the Pacific", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , she received a Master of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Virginia School of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 20 , 2003 , he was traded to the Colorado Rockies , and finished the year hitting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , he joined the San Diego Padres , playing in 115 games but hitting .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dried anchovies , minced pork , mushrooms , and a leafy vegetable such as sweet potato leaves or sayur manis ( sauropus androgynus ) are also possible ingredients .", "entity": [{"entity": "sweet potato", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The base of the soup can be water but is more commonly a type of fish stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish stock", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is usually served with dry chilli or sambal .", "entity": [{"entity": "sambal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Elijah Wald , it was \" the most musically complex in the cycle \" and stood apart from most rural blues as a thoroughly composed lyric , rather than an arbitrary collection of more or less unrelated verses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elijah Wald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is likely he had congenital syphilis and it was suspected later by medical professionals that may have been a contributing factor in his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital syphilis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further details were absorbed from the imaginative retellings by Greil Marcus and Robert Palmer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greil Marcus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Robert Palmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blues researcher Mack McCormick began researching his family background in 1972 , but died in 2015 without ever publishing his findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mack McCormick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Quercus falcata \" is a medium to large-sized deciduous tree tall , with a few forest grown specimens on highly productive sites reaching , with a trunk up to in diameter , the crown with a broad , round-topped head .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "tree", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seed is a short acorn long , bright orange-brown , enclosed for one-third to half of its length in a flat cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "seed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "acorn", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the show , she stood up , took her mask off and revealed to the audience that she was actually comedian Robin Williams in disguise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co-producer Jack Burns stormed onto the stage , leading to a brawl on camera before the show abruptly cut away to a commercial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few days later , he was diagnosed with large-cell carcinoma , a rare type of lung cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "large-cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [41, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It co-stars Charles Grodin , Gilda Radner , Joseph Bologna , Judith Ivey and Kelly LeBrock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Grodin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Gilda Radner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Joseph Bologna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Judith Ivey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Kelly LeBrock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was originally released on VHS , LaserDisc and then DVD .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaserDisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 35 % based on reviews from 17 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Toshiro Mifune , Columba Domínguez , Flor Silvestre , and Antonio Aguilar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toshiro Mifune", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Columba Domínguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "Flor Silvestre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Antonio Aguilar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's setting is a town in Oaxaca during the festival of its patron saint , for which the church appoints a layman as \" mayordomo \" or steward , an honor that in effect is gained by being able to organize and cover the high costs of most of the saint 's local festivities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oaxaca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This zone is composed entirely of the semi-arid Sahel region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sahel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 24 January 2017 , the three states agreed to form a joint task force to combat insecurity and terrorism in the region , to be headquartered in Niamey , with rotating leadership to represent all three nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niamey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2004 he spent two weeks on trial with Everton , but he did not have enough caps for a work permit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After grounding out , he went back to the dugout and told manager Gene Roof , \" I 'm done \" , ending his professional baseball career as a player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Roof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended scouting school and returned to professional baseball as a scout for the Washington Nationals and the Toronto Blue Jays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An attempt to re-engage her in 1913 was unsuccessful , and Marion Phillips was appointed to succeed her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marion Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where she worked with Margaret Llewelyn Davies investigating minimum wage rates , infant mortality and child welfare .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Llewelyn Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She moved to a nursing home in Sanderstead , Surrey , where she died aged 80 on 16 June 1953 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanderstead", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of his appearance on the show , $ 25,000 was given to the charitable organization Broadway Cares / Equity Fights AIDS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway Cares / Equity Fights AIDS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He adopted a casual , conversational approach with extensive interaction with guests , an approach pioneered by Arthur Godfrey and previous \" Tonight Show \" hosts Steve Allen and Jack Paar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Godfrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "Tonight Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "Steve Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "Jack Paar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a guest panelist on the original \" To Tell the Truth \" starting in 1960 , later becoming a regular panelist from 1961 until 1962 .", "entity": [{"entity": "To Tell the Truth", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Newhart , Jackie Gleason , Groucho Marx , and Joey Bishop all also declined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Newhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Jackie Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Groucho Marx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Joey Bishop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jay Leno then became the exclusive guest host in fall 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Leno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable among these were David Letterman , Robin Williams , Jay Leno , Jerry Seinfeld , Arsenio Hall , Jeff Foxworthy , Ellen DeGeneres , Joan Rivers , David Brenner , Tim Allen , Drew Carey , Howie Mandel and Roseanne Barr .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Letterman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Jay Leno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Jerry Seinfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Arsenio Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Jeff Foxworthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "Ellen DeGeneres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "David Brenner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "Tim Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "Drew Carey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "Howie Mandel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [193, 205]}, {"entity": "Roseanne Barr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later cited acute laryngitis as the reason for his silence .", "entity": [{"entity": "laryngitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senior Vice President Peter Lassally , who formerly produced both men 's programs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Lassally", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would love to have taken on Billy Graham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A voice-over stated that it was 3 a.m. , the phone was ringing in the White House , and that \" something ’s happening in the world \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pressed as to whether he believed Prime Minister John Howard should continue as prime minister , he said : \" I have nothing further to say .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but he will win in Ohio and the election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the time scale for interconversion is long enough for isolation of individual rotamers ( usually arbitrarily defined as a half-life of interconversion of 1000 seconds or longer ) , the isomers are termed \" atropisomers \" ( \" see : \" atropisomerism ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was buried at Montparnasse Cemetery on 2 April .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montparnasse Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those who attended her funeral were Catherine Deneuve , Julie Gayet , Jean-Pierre Léaud , Jane Birkin , and Sandrine Bonnaire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catherine Deneuve", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 59]}, {"entity": "Julie Gayet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Jean-Pierre Léaud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Jane Birkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Sandrine Bonnaire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2019 , the BBC polled 368 film experts from 84 countries to name the 100 best films by women directors .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accidents still occur , as was seen when a major train derailment in 2019 claimed the lives of three Canadian Pacific Railway employees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Pacific Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After seeing Louis Armstrong play in Bournemouth , he took up the trumpet at the age of 12 and five years later won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music ( R.C.M. ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Armstrong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "Bournemouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Royal College of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1941 he joined the London Philharmonic Orchestra After a season as principal trumpet with the BBC Symphony Orchestra he returned in 1946 to the London Philharmonic , where he remained until 1948 , leaving to become a full-time composer .", "entity": [{"entity": "London Philharmonic Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 51]}, {"entity": "BBC Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 119]}, {"entity": "London Philharmonic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played with the Milwaukee Bucks , Los Angeles Lakers , Boston Celtics , and Miami Heat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee Bucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Lakers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "Boston Celtics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Miami Heat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wishes instead for it to remain in Seattle , where he enjoyed the majority of his career 's success and popularity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show has been hosted by six comedians : Steve Allen , Jack Paar , Johnny Carson , Jay Leno , Conan O'Brien , and Jimmy Fallon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Jack Paar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Johnny Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Jay Leno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "Conan O'Brien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Fallon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson \" aired for 30 seasons between October 1962 and May 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" and began its historic run on the full NBC network .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rickey Minor was announced as his replacement , and took over on June 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rickey Minor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MLB commissioner Peter Ueberroth later overruled this decision , declaring that as long as the transaction was completed by the deadline , the player did not need to physically \" report \" to their new team before the deadline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Ueberroth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This toxic mucus has been shown to kill crabs and cockroaches , and could have applications as an agricultural insecticide .", "entity": [{"entity": "crabs", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "cockroaches", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a brief stint as a teacher at Manchester Grammar School he worked in shipping offices in Liverpool and Port Said from 1910 to 1912 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester Grammar School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 61]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "Port Said", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian Aldiss , Stanisław Lem , Bertrand Russell , John Gloag , Naomi Mitchison , C. S. Lewis , Vernor Vinge , John Maynard Smith and indirectly influenced many others , contributing many ideas to the world of science fiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Aldiss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Stanisław Lem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Bertrand Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "John Gloag", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Naomi Mitchison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "C. S. Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "Vernor Vinge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "John Maynard Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Last and First Men \" features early descriptions of genetic engineering and terraforming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last and First Men", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film producer and director George Pal bought the rights to \" Odd John \" and in 1966 \" Castle of Frankenstein \" magazine reported that David McCallum would play the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Pal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Odd John", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Castle of Frankenstein", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [86, 108]}, {"entity": "David McCallum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies based on morphology have generally regarded the smooth hammerhead as one of the more derived members of its family , grouped together with the scalloped hammerhead ( \" S. lewini \" ) and the great hammerhead ( \" S. mokarran \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "scalloped hammerhead", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [151, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Indian Ocean , it is found off South Africa , India , and Sri Lanka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This shark has also been reported entering freshwater habitats , such as the Indian River in Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In northern Europe , the smooth hammerhead feeds on herring and seabass , while in North America it takes Spanish mackerel and menhaden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "herring", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Spanish mackerel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "menhaden", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like other hammerheads , the smooth hammerhead is viviparous : once the young exhaust their supply of yolk , the empty yolk sac is converted into a placental connection through which the mother delivers nourishment .", "entity": [{"entity": "yolk", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , he was a member of the Guinea Pig Club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guinea Pig Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was vice-president of the City of Oxford Silver Band , and an accomplished player of tuba and euphonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "City of Oxford Silver Band", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was founder and a lifelong member of the Handlebar Club , in which all the members had such moustaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Handlebar Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a devotee of fox hunting at Ringmer , near Lewes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ringmer", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Lewes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the ending of his marriage , press reports spoke of his engagement to Joan Turner , the actress , singer and comedian , but the reports were suspected to be a mutual publicity stunt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the piddock dies and leaves an empty tubular burrow , other marine life such as sea anemone , crabs and other molluscs may use the burrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "sea anemone", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one model of car with these features is the similar-looking metallic , mint-green 1963 Pontiac Tempest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pontiac Tempest", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a rating of 86 % , based on 56 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in a 2 – 1 win against Aris on 18 October 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aris", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He proved his quality by assisting both goals for teammates Giannis Maniatis and Anderson Gonzaga .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giannis Maniatis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "Anderson Gonzaga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in many matches coming on from the bench , but still helped the team to win the Torneo Apertura .", "entity": [{"entity": "Torneo Apertura", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also scored the only goal in the last game against Liverpool .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 20 May 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [20, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A voice ( Jim Carter ) comes over a speaker which announces they are gathered to play a game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , Pierre de Chambrun and Charles de Chambrun were his brothers-in-law .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre de Chambrun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "Charles de Chambrun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The epitaph for his burial site in Algiers reads : \" \" une mémoire pure de sang humain \" \" ( \" a memory untainted by human blood \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Algiers", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus is endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Arabian Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of an environmental suit protecting someone from contamination is a feature of the boy in the bubble trope : both David Vetter and Ted DeVita at some point used such suits .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Vetter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "Ted DeVita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also stars Christian Slater and Gary Oldman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian Slater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "Gary Oldman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After later being transferred to Alcatraz , he participates in an escape attempt with two other prisoners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcatraz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is classified as a rare T-type asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "T-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment , and the scientific rationalization of nature - all components of modernity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Age of Enlightenment", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [51, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For William Wordsworth , poetry should begin as \" the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings \" , which the poet then \" recollect [ s ] in tranquility \" , evoking a new but corresponding emotion the poet can then mold into art .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Wordsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge and others believed there were natural laws the imagination - at least of a good creative artist - would unconsciously follow through artistic inspiration if left alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Isaiah Berlin , Romanticism embodied \" a new and restless spirit , seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms , a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness , a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable , for perpetual movement and change , an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life , a passionate effort at self-assertion both individual and collective , a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isaiah Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Margaret Drabble described it in literature as taking place \" roughly between 1770 and 1848 \" , and few dates much earlier than 1770 will be found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Drabble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its relationship to the French Revolution , which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period , is clearly important , but highly variable depending on geography and individual reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "French Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , several romantic authors , such as Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne , based their writings on the supernatural / occult and human psychology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edgar Allan Poe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most notable poet so recognized was Adam Mickiewicz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam Mickiewicz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the most notable authors of this phase are Álvares de Azevedo , Casimiro de Abreu , Fagundes Varela and Junqueira Freire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Álvares de Azevedo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "Casimiro de Abreu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Fagundes Varela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Junqueira Freire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third cycle is marked by social poetry , especially the abolitionist movement , and it includes Castro Alves , Tobias Barreto and Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Castro Alves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "Tobias Barreto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It consisted of twelve structures , ten of which still exist , in the style of villages in Normandy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Normandy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His projects were carried out by the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugène Viollet-le-Duc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lives of great artists such as Raphael were commemorated on equal terms with those of rulers , and fictional characters were also depicted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raphael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His debut , and thus far only , solo studio album \" Everyday Robots \" was released in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everyday Robots", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and John Lennon in him taking up songwriting .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lennon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied acting at the East 15 Acting School in Debden , but left after the first year .", "entity": [{"entity": "East 15 Acting School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "Debden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It featured Paul Simonon , Simon Tong and Tony Allen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Simonon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Simon Tong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Tony Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "said announcer Joe Buck on national television .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Buck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statement came in the wake of an admission by pitcher Jason Grimsley that he used performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jason Grimsley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The real yellowwood has been declared the national tree of South Africa and is protected there .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cones of this dioecious tree are berry-like , with a single ( rarely two ) 7 – 11 \" mm seed apical on an 8 – 14 \" mm pink-purple aril ; the aril is edible and sweet .", "entity": [{"entity": "seed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is native to the moister southern and eastern areas of South Africa , from coastal areas of the Western Cape east to KwaZulu-Natal and north to eastern Limpopo .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Western Cape", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "KwaZulu-Natal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "Limpopo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wood is hard , similar to yew wood , used for furniture , panelling , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "yew", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , apathy appeared to decline sharply in the 1960 s as concern about issues such as the Vietnam War mounted , and political polarization increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has long been noted as one of the wettest and gloomiest cities in the world ; the effect is related to the Kuroshio Current .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuroshio Current", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's score was composed by Ed Bogas and Ray Shanklin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Bogas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Ray Shanklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film holds a score of 89 % on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , based on 18 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His uncle was artist Roland Penrose , whose son with photographer Lee Miller is Antony Penrose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roland Penrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Lee Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Antony Penrose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was on the preseason roster of the Los Angeles Clippers in 1995 before being the last player cut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Clippers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Eddie Mathews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eddie Mathews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten times more soldiers died from illnesses such as typhus , typhoid , cholera , and dysentery than from battle wounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "typhus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "cholera", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "dysentery", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent biography cites brucellosis and associated spondylitis as the cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucellosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "spondylitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She used methods such as the pie chart , which had first been developed by William Playfair in 1801 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Playfair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1965 , International Nurses Day has been celebrated on her birthday ( 12 \" May ) each year .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Nurses Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 , the asteroid 3122 Florence was named after her .", "entity": [{"entity": "3122 Florence", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a 70 % approval rating on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes based on 20 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The court was originally granted appellate jurisdiction over federal district courts in California , Idaho , Montana , Nevada , Oregon , and Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Idaho", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Montana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the investiture , the couple visited the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands Antilles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "Aruba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died of complications of pneumonia and Parkinson 's at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 6 October 2002 after a long illness , aged 76 .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Parkinson 's", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Academic Medical Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first was 384 Burdigala .", "entity": [{"entity": "384 Burdigala", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it does not address any population controls after the initial bloom , such as nutrient limitation or predator-prey interaction with zooplankton .", "entity": [{"entity": "zooplankton", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is based on the story \" The Shadow Builder \" by Bram Stoker .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Shadow Builder", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "Bram Stoker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1989 , after several years of critical acclaim but little commercial success , she had a major hit with the album \" Nick of Time \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick of Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and \" The Pajama Game \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Pajama Game", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1973 's \" Takin ' My Time \" was also met with critical acclaim , but these notices were not matched by the sales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takin ' My Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The benefit featured herself along with musicians Don Henley , Herbie Hancock , Holly Near and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Henley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Herbie Hancock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Holly Near", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three years later , in 1994 , she added two more Grammys with her album \" Longing in Their Hearts \" , her second no. 1 album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Longing in Their Hearts", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Silver Lining \" was released in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver Lining", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The older a sample is , the less there is to be detected , and because the half-life of ( the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed ) is about 5,730 years , the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to approximately 50,000 years ago , although special preparation methods occasionally permit accurate analysis of older samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiocarbon dating has allowed key transitions in prehistory to be dated , such as the end of the last ice age , and the beginning of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in different regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They synthesized using the laboratory 's cyclotron accelerator and soon discovered that the atom 's half-life was far longer than had been previously thought .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first such published sequence , based on bristlecone pine tree rings , was created by Wesley Ferguson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wesley Ferguson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first match for the youth team was against Sunderland in 1995 , and he scored his first hat-trick against Rotherham on 7 December 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Rotherham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He netted 9 times in 17 league appearances , playing as the main striker in most matches due to an injured Milan Baroš .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan Baroš", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two weeks later , he scored in a 2 – 0 win to Sivasspor at home on 1 November .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sivasspor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He featured in the second leg of the final against Solomon Islands , scoring in the 8th minute of the first half .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solomon Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the ball fell perfectly for Mark Bresciano who went on to score the equalizer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Bresciano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The service was terminated during World War II after the vessel was requisitioned by the Royal Canadian Navy .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Royal Canadian Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The commercially available reverse transcriptases produced by Promega are quoted by their manuals as having error rates in the range of 1 in 17,000 bases for AMV and 1 in 30,000 bases for M-MLV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Promega", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , his predecessor Aristotle did not distinguish between democracy and ochlocracy , considering democracy itself to be the unjust counterpart to \" polity \" ( sometimes translated as \" republic \" , which confusingly is used by other Aristotle-translators for \" aristocracy \" , instead ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1837 Abraham Lincoln wrote about lynching and \" the increasing disregard for law which pervades the country - the growing disposition to substitute the wild and furious passions in lieu of the sober judgment of courts , and the worse than savage mobs for the executive ministers of justice \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abraham Lincoln", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an 1857 speech , Brigham Young gave an address demanding military action against \" mobocrats \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brigham Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band released its debut album , \" Unisonic \" in 2012 and embarked on its first world tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unisonic", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also the brother of Carl Heinrich von Siemens and a cousin of Alexander Siemens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Heinrich von Siemens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 52]}, {"entity": "Alexander Siemens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A glass window installed in Westminster Abbey in his honour commemorated him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The branch office became Siemens Brothers in 1858 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siemens Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum has on display 8,000 objects of art and history , from their total collection of 1 \" million objects from the years 1200 – 2000 , among which are some masterpieces by Rembrandt , Frans Hals , and Johannes Vermeer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rembrandt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "Frans Hals", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "Johannes Vermeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pierre Cuypers also participated in the contest and his submission reached the second place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Cuypers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design was a combination of gothic and renaissance elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is classified as a CX-type asteroid , indicating the spectrum shows properties of both a carbonaceous C-type asteroid and a metallic X-type asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "X-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [136, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has performed and recorded with such artists as Roy Orbison , Elvis Presley , Emmylou Harris , John Denver , and Ricky Nelson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Orbison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Elvis Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "Emmylou Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "John Denver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Ricky Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It featured such performers as Buck Owens , Johnny Cash , Patsy Cline , Linda Ronstadt , Hoyt Axton and Willie Nelson and was also a popular hangout for other country entertainers such as Merle Haggard and Jerry Lee Lewis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buck Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Johnny Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Patsy Cline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Linda Ronstadt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Hoyt Axton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Willie Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Merle Haggard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "Jerry Lee Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He soon became an in-demand session pianist and over the years has recorded with numerous artists in a variety of music genres including Bing Crosby , Nancy Sinatra , Dean Martin , Ricky Nelson , Buck Owens , John Denver , Linda Ronstadt , Kenny Rogers , Johnny Rivers , Merle Haggard , Michael Nesmith , Waylon Jennings , and Dwight Yoakam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bing Crosby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Nancy Sinatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "Dean Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "Ricky Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "Buck Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [196, 206]}, {"entity": "John Denver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "Linda Ronstadt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 237]}, {"entity": "Kenny Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "Johnny Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [255, 268]}, {"entity": "Merle Haggard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [271, 284]}, {"entity": "Michael Nesmith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [287, 302]}, {"entity": "Waylon Jennings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [305, 320]}, {"entity": "Dwight Yoakam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [327, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the October 2007 issue of \" Dengeki G 's Magazine \" , poll results for the 50 best bishōjo games were released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dengeki G 's Magazine", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2005 , he moved to Brighton & Hove Albion on an initial five-month loan deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brighton & Hove Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because he was able to pick Austin Kearns of the Washington Nationals off at first base .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austin Kearns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together they face mobsters , a jealous boxer ( Aldo Ray ) , and a growing mutual attraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aldo Ray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many notable athletes appear in cameo roles as themselves in the film , including golfers Babe Didrikson Zaharias , Betty Hicks , and Helen Dettweiler , and tennis champions Don Budge , Gussie Moran and Alice Marble .", "entity": [{"entity": "Babe Didrikson Zaharias", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 113]}, {"entity": "Betty Hicks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Helen Dettweiler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 150]}, {"entity": "Don Budge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "Gussie Moran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "Alice Marble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [203, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "English historian Hugh Trevor-Roper saw him as \" among the ' terrible simplifiers ' of history , the most systematic , the most historical , the most philosophical , and yet the coarsest , cruelest , least magnanimous conqueror the world has ever known \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Trevor-Roper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded as Prime Minister by Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the eve of the 1921 revolution , Mongolia had an underdeveloped , stagnant economy based on nomadic animal husbandry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mongolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ulaanbaatar became the nation 's industrial center .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ulaanbaatar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New industrial centers were built in Baganuur , Choibalsan , Darkhan , and Erdenet , and industrial output rose significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baganuur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Choibalsan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Darkhan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Erdenet", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Mathis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the late 1960 s , his career focused on adult contemporary and big-band standards , played regularly in Las Vegas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When asked about it on the interview program \" Fresh Air \" , he referred to the person who did the recording as a \" snake we later fired \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fresh Air", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Series co-creator Daniel Palladino chose the name after hearing the \" Rock Swings \" album at a coffeehouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Palladino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "Rock Swings", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is now employed as under-20 s manager for Dundee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a goal disallowed against Yeovil Town a week later for offside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeovil Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During exhibition runs to Augsburg they reached 200 km/h on a regular basis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augsburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also sang on several songs , such as \" Kimi ni Mune Kyun \" ( 1983 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kimi ni Mune Kyun", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The jury viewed 20 films and was chaired by filmmaker Bernardo Bertolucci .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernardo Bertolucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved into management in 2010 with FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow after two years as general director of FC Nosta Novotroitsk .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "FC Nosta Novotroitsk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For 2011 season , he moved to FC Ufa .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Ufa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and currently has a student body of about 12,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Higher Learning Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The university was named after 17th - century missionary and explorer Father Jacques Marquette .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Marquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After taking the issue to the university , the student claimed to be shut out and told his academic professor , John McAdams , who posted about it on his personal blog .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McAdams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper has won regional and national awards for excellence from the Society of Professional Journalists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Society of Professional Journalists", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Los Angeles Clippers coach Glenn \" Doc \" Rivers and former college basketball coach Rick Majerus both graduated from the school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Clippers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Glenn \" Doc \" Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "Rick Majerus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ken Wiesner , John Bennett , speedskater Brian Hansen , and basketball player Frank McCabe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Wiesner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "John Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Brian Hansen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Frank McCabe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2004 study of the spectrum matched a typical C-type asteroid with typical carbonaceous chondrite makeup .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The classification was later revised to a P-type asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "P-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet actor Steve Guttenberg said they had been \" a very happy couple , and they always had the appearance of being well-balanced \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Guttenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are colloquially known as \" cestrums \" or \" jessamines \" ( from \" jasmine \" , due to their fragrant flowers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "jasmine", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most are evergreen ; a few are deciduous .", "entity": [{"entity": "evergreen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All parts of the plants are toxic , causing severe gastroenteritis if eaten .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastroenteritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a protégé and devoted supporter of Sir Robert Walpole , the long-standing Prime Minister , achieving unequalled and unenviable proficiency in the worst political arts of his master and model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Walpole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it was the government ( 1743 – 1754 ) of Henry Pelham to which he lent his support .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Pelham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another son was the general Henry Edward Fox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Edward Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned from suspension to appear in the 5 – 2 defeat at Grimsby Town on 1 October 2011 but was sent-off for elbowing Gary Silk in the 86th minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grimsby Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Gary Silk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for the club on his sixth appearance , a 3 – 3 away draw at AFC Telford United on 31 March 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFC Telford United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After retiring as a player , he spent over 20 years as a coach or manager , and managed the Minnesota Twins and Kansas City Royals during the 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was fired on August 28 of that year after going 62 – 64 , and John Wathan took over .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Wathan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its head resembles a cross between that of a ceratosaurus and styracosaurus or sinoceratops .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceratosaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "styracosaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "sinoceratops", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first and second were constructed under the supervision of Eiji Tsuburaya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eiji Tsuburaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rollason Aircraft factory also received bomb hits and accounted for many of the 62 civilians ( including five women ) killed and 192 injured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rollason Aircraft", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the characters were voiced by radio personalities from Pittsburgh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design concept drew from rave culture and classic rail shooters , and level design made extensive use of wire frame graphics inspired by the paintings of Wassily Kandinsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wassily Kandinsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored a hat trick and added two assists for a five-point game against the New York Rangers on 20 December 2000 in a 6 – 3 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a four-point night against his former team , the Ottawa Senators , on 27 November 2001 , scoring two goals and two assists in a 4 – 2 victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottawa Senators", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a hat trick and a season high four points on 29 November 2002 in a 7 – 2 win over the Calgary Flames .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary Flames", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club 's entire roster was killed in the plane crash ( except Maxim Zyuzyakin , who was not on the flight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maxim Zyuzyakin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary reports said that 43 of the 45 passengers on board had been killed , including the entire roster and 4 youth players , and that the remaining one , Alexander Galimov , was in critical condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Galimov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shortleaf pine ( \" Pinus echinata \" ) and post oak ( \" Quercus stellata \" ) thrive in dry , nutrient-poor soil and are common in upland areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinus echinata", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Quercus stellata", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the largest and oldest national forests in the Southern U.S. , created through an executive order by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 18 , 1907 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Theodore Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored with his first touch in professional football , in front of scouts representing 20 different clubs , after Michael O'Connor 's shot hit the post .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael O'Connor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in February and March , the young striker showed his potential by scoring in seven consecutive games , including a first senior level hat-trick , against relegation rivals Cheltenham Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheltenham Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the subject of a £ 1 million transfer bid from Ipswich Town , whilst numerous other clubs were also linked with a move for the 21-year old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His debut came on 2 September , in a 3 – 1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolverhampton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Ryan Lowe also left the club and tried to sign him at new club Plymouth Argyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Lowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Plymouth Argyle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finally signed a new one-year contract with the club on 28 August , though manager Graham Coughlan admitted he was short of match fitness after missing pre-season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Coughlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wedding took place at Thornton Manor in June 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thornton Manor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later in the same year , he temporarily taught at Bishop 's College School in Quebec , Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bishop 's College School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 74]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is said to have assuaged his grief by reading the novels of Jane Austen aloud to his wife and daughter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jane Austen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , he wrote a two-volume history of the Irish Guards , his son 's regiment , published in 1923 and seen as one of the finest examples of regimental history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irish Guards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first was made by producer Alexander Korda .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Korda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of his poems were set to music by Percy Grainger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percy Grainger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also learned under Toshihiko Koga at the Nippon Sport Science University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toshihiko Koga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Nippon Sport Science University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baptists seem to have first appeared in North America in the early 18th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also features Glenn Close , Alan Bates , Paul Scofield , Ian Holm , Helena Bonham Carter , Stephen Dillane , and Nathaniel Parker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenn Close", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Alan Bates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "Paul Scofield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Ian Holm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Helena Bonham Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "Stephen Dillane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Nathaniel Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his master of arts degree in 1960 from Harvard University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his doctor of philosophy degree from Harvard University while working He has investigated the structure and reactivity of both organic and inorganic molecules , and examined problems in organo-metallic and solid-state chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His family relocated to Irbid when he was five .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irbid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his time as a student he and several students in the \" black hand \" were arrested after bombing Al-Salt mayor 's mansion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al-Salt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filmed on location in Arizona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 4 , 2010 , the next installment was announced with the trailer for \" Red Faction : Armageddon \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Faction : Armageddon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [77, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point , Dundee United considered signing him , but the move did not materialise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dundee United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , he stated that Neil Lennon helped him keep his focus when he faced difficulties and for keeping him sane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Lennon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued to be in the first team and provided an assist for Peter Pawlett , in a 3 – 0 win over Ross County on 20 September 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Pawlett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Ross County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benn Steil , in 2013 , argued that since 1971 , experts have been disillusioned with the 1944 framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benn Steil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Elephas \" ( \" Loxodonta \" ) \" cyclotis \" was the scientific name proposed by Paul Matschie in 1900 who described the skulls of a female and a male specimen collected by the Sanaga River in southern Cameroon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Matschie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Sanaga River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "Cameroon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest stable population lives in Gabon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once young bulls reach sexual maturity , they separate from the family group and form loose bachelor groups for a few days , but usually stay alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "sexual maturity", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Odzala-Kokoua National Park , groups were observed to frequently meet at forest clearings indicating a fission–fusion society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Odzala-Kokoua National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between the ages of 15 and 25 , males experience \" musth \" , which is a hormonal state they experience marked by increased aggression .", "entity": [{"entity": "musth", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From mid-April to mid-June 2014 , poachers killed 68 elephants in Garamba National Park , including young ones without tusks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garamba National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their population in the territory of the current Tyumen Oblast in 1926 was recorded as 70,000 ; in 1959 as 72,306 ; in 1970 as 102,859 ; 136,749 in 1979 ; 227,423 in 1989 ; and 242,325 in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyumen Oblast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others included Jonathan Pryce , Juliet Stevenson , Alan Rickman , Anton Lesser , Bruce Payne and Fiona Shaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Pryce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Juliet Stevenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Alan Rickman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Anton Lesser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Bruce Payne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Fiona Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production played to sold-out audiences , especially at the Barbican in the City of London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "City of London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production marked his Broadway stage debut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also works frequently with composer Patrick Doyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Doyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first series of three episodes was broadcast on BBC One in November and December 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC One", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He co-wrote , produced , and performed on Mark Eitzel 's 1997 album \" West \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Eitzel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died from bronchitis after a short illness of two days .", "entity": [{"entity": "bronchitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , 21 people died because of a mass panic at the Love Parade ; over 500 people were injured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Love Parade", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a local television station ( \" STUDIO 47 \" ) , which was the first local station to broadcast in North Rhine-Westphalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 24 July 2010 , 21 people were killed and hundreds injured in the city during the Love Parade disaster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Love Parade disaster", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from the Autonomous University of Queretaro in 1967 with a bachelor 's degree in law .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autonomous University of Queretaro", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting on September 6 , 2008 , Ben Lyons and Ben Mankiewicz took over as hosts ; their partnership lasted only one season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Lyons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Ben Mankiewicz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The troops of that unit were sent to Philippines , many soldiers were dead and injured , and almost destroyed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also had roles in films including ( directed by himself , 1966 ) , ( directed by Kinji Fukasaku , 1968 ) and ( directed by Hideo Gosha , 1969 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kinji Fukasaku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Hideo Gosha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her sister Radhika Roy is married to Prannoy Roy , founder and CEO of NDTV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radhika Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "Prannoy Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "NDTV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is an aunt of the historian Vijay Prashad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vijay Prashad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent several years investigating amoebic dysentery and trying to develop a vaccine for rat-bite fever .", "entity": [{"entity": "amoebic dysentery", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The virus has been well characterized , and now serves as a standard model for studying multiple sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "multiple sclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [88, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he came back out of retirement on May 2013 and signed for Grasshoppers in June .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grasshoppers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He came on as a substitute in the 81st minute to replace Alexander Frei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Frei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dromedary is a digitigrade animal ; it walks on its toes , which are known as digits .", "entity": [{"entity": "digitigrade", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brucellosis is another prominent malady .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brucellosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among external parasites , \" Sarcoptes \" species cause sarcoptic mange .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarcoptes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larvae of the camel nasal fly \" Cephalopsis titillator \" can cause possibly fatal brain compression and nervous disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cephalopsis titillator", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 54]}, {"entity": "nervous disorders", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sexes might mature by three to five years of age , though successful breeding could take longer .", "entity": [{"entity": "mature", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 21st century , the domesticated dromedary is found in the semi-arid to arid regions of the Old World .", "entity": [{"entity": "Old World", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A special factory has been set up in Nouakchott to pasteurise and make cheese from camel milk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nouakchott", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 1999 , it was replaced by the Mandalay Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mandalay Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was later the field manager of the independent minor league Bridgeport Bluefish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bridgeport Bluefish", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2006 to 2007 he served as the first base coach for the San Francisco Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was previously the offensive coordinator for the Carolina Panthers from 2002 until January 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carolina Panthers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the club , he was teammates with his younger brother Robert for the first time in his professional career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , he was promoted to being assistant coach of the first squad together with Ricardo Moniz as head coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricardo Moniz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adi Hütter became his successor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adi Hütter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was Matt Dillon 's film debut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Dillon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screenwriters Charles S. Haas and Tim Hunter began work shortly after the article 's publication , including field research in the town itself where they interviewed some of the kids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles S. Haas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "Tim Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story detailed how her grandson , a historic preservationist and associate professor at Roger Williams University , had filed a lawsuit seeking the removal of his father as the socialite 's guardian and the appointment of Annette de la Renta , the wife of designer Oscar de la Renta , instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Williams University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 117]}, {"entity": "Annette de la Renta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [226, 245]}, {"entity": "Oscar de la Renta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [269, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars George Segal , Glenda Jackson , Hildegarde Neil , Paul Sorvino and K Callan .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Segal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Glenda Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Hildegarde Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Paul Sorvino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "K Callan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a score of 91 % on Rotten Tomatoes based on 11 reviews , with an average grade of 6.8 out of 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He starred as the real-life cyclist hero Uhm Bok-dong alongside Kang So-ra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uhm Bok-dong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Kang So-ra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1767 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Siegfried Hufnagel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated occurrences are known from Calabria and the Peloponnese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calabria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Peloponnese", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dassie rats are restricted to rocky outcrops in Namibia , parts of Angola , and northwest South Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Angola", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mall is served by CENTRO buses .", "entity": [{"entity": "CENTRO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 , Lord & Taylor opened as the last new anchor , removing the remaining oil tanks on the property .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lord & Taylor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 1999 , Bally Total Fitness opened with a grand opening featuring the cast of \" Baywatch \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bally Total Fitness", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "Baywatch", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2000 , Bonwit Teller closed their location at the mall as the chain filed for bankruptcy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonwit Teller", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2005 , Sports Authority moved in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sports Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CompUSA earlier that year , closed down as a result of closures of 15 underperforming stores .", "entity": [{"entity": "CompUSA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "would be opening a Nordstrom Rack retail store .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordstrom Rack", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bon-Ton announced that it would close its store in the mall in late 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Bon-Ton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Faye Dunaway , William Holden , Peter Finch and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy , Ned Beatty and Beatrice Straight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Faye Dunaway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "William Holden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Peter Finch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Robert Duvall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Wesley Addy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Ned Beatty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Beatrice Straight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early consideration was given to real-life newscasters Walter Cronkite and John Chancellor , but neither was open to the idea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Cronkite", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "John Chancellor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two weeks of rehearsals , filming started in Toronto in January 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Gene Siskel of the \" Chicago Tribune \" gave the film four stars out of four , calling it \" a very funny movie that takes an easy target and giddily beats it to death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Siskel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 13]}, {"entity": "Chicago Tribune", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Charles Champlin of the \" Los Angeles Times \" put the film on his list of the 10 best of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Champlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 18]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the firing of Chan Gailey in 2000 , he was hired to take over the head coaching duties of the Dallas Cowboys , over candidates Joe Avezzano and Hudson Houck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chan Gailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Dallas Cowboys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "Joe Avezzano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "Hudson Houck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was not re-signed after the 2011 season and was replaced with Jerome Henderson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerome Henderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He led a coalition government [ https://web.archive.org/web/20070211205435/http : // www.tinganes.fo/Default.asp?f=64A9F341-2908-4DEB-A4F4-0BCDD001955E ] between the Unionist Party , the People ’s Party and the Social Democratic Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unionist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "People ’s Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [211, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September the coalition burst , and a new coalition between Unionist Party , the People ’s Party and the Social Democratic Party was re-established on 24 September .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unionist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "People ’s Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Social Democratic Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These matches , although fully recognized by FIFA , were played by amateur players .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are two subspecies recognized , the nominate from the Great Basin to central Montana and Wyoming , and the slightly larger , paler \" L. c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Basin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Montana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "Wyoming", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "albertaensis \" with a more northerly distribution , ranging from Great Slave Lake onto the Great Plains of western Manitoba and South Dakota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Slave Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "Great Plains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Manitoba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "South Dakota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in recent decades this species has begun to breed in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay , where it did not historically breed , and has undergone exponential population growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the age of ten , he was playing organ onstage backing several gospel singers such as Mahalia Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahalia Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 , he joined Ray Charles ' band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , he sang \" Is n't It a Pity \" , provided backing vocals on most of the other songs , and played the Hammond organ for the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Is n't It a Pity", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2005 , he appeared on the \" American Idol \" fourth-season finale .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The car performed well in rear end crash protection tests , benefiting from \" anti whiplash \" seats .", "entity": [{"entity": "whiplash", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , director Lars von Trier persuaded her to play the starring role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lars von Trier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co-star Catherine Deneuve and others have described her performance as feeling rather than acting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catherine Deneuve", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MBO has its detractors and attention notably among them W. Edwards Deming , who argued that a lack of understanding of systems commonly results in the misapplication of objectives .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. Edwards Deming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "45 % of people with tinnitus have an anxiety disorder at some time in their life .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common cause of tinnitus is hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulsatile tinnitus is usually objective in nature , resulting from altered blood flow , increased blood turbulence near the ear , such as from atherosclerosis or venous hum , but it can also arise as a subjective phenomenon from an increased awareness of blood flow in the ear .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [143, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or carotid artery dissection .", "entity": [{"entity": "carotid artery dissection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [3, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate vasculitis , or more specifically , giant cell arteritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulsatile tinnitus may also be an indication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic intracranial hypertension", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basis of this theory is that many with tinnitus also have hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assessment of hyperacusis , a frequent accompaniment of tinnitus , may also be made .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperacusis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is sound modification to compensate for the individual 's hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginkgo biloba \" does not appear to be effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ginkgo biloba", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the identical twin brother of Davidson Ezinwa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davidson Ezinwa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Lophocalotes ludekingi \" is a species endemic to Sumatra , Indonesia , commonly called the \" crested lizard \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sumatra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ( IRIS ) has been described in those with normal immune function with meningitis caused by \" C. gattii \" and \" C. grubii \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [4, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Takenaka Corporation was mainly responsible for the reconstruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takenaka Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the reconstruction , locations of the pillars were inferred through reference to the building 's remains at Kuni-kyō , to where it had been relocated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuni-kyō", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also brought along two of his former national team assistant coaches , including Klaus Lindenberger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus Lindenberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These features attracted Richard Strauss , who orchestrated some of them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Strauss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the M receptor is G-coupled and mediates an increase in intracellular calcium , it typically causes contraction of smooth muscle , such as that observed during bronchoconstriction and bladder voiding .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder voiding", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [192, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , she was elected chair of the Illinois Republican Party , holding that office until 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois Republican Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In May 2011 , she took first in the Tour of the Gila , winning two stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tour of the Gila", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After placing 10th in the 3000 \" m , she won the bronze medal in the 5000 \" m , just ahead of compatriot Cindy Klassen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cindy Klassen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "73 on March 13 , 2007 , on the Olympic Oval in Calgary , which was beaten by Martina Sáblíková one year later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympic Oval", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Martina Sáblíková", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No sooner had he recovered from the influenza , than he was stricken by a case of bronchitis that laid him low again .", "entity": [{"entity": "bronchitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent most Saturdays during the summer watching the New York Yankees and would later photograph two boys watching the game in an assignment for \" Look \" magazine to emulate his own childhood excitement with baseball .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , they signed a $ 1 million deal with Eliot Hyman 's Associated Artists Productions , and a clause which gave them the artistic freedom that they desired .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eliot Hyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Associated Artists Productions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to the surrealism of the later films \" , according to film critic Gene Youngblood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Youngblood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , the film is considered to be one of the sharpest comedy films ever made , and holds a near perfect 97 % rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 79 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [122, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cinematographer Allen Daviau states that the method gives the audience a way of seeing the characters and scenes as they would have been seen by people at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allen Daviau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spends the winter there with his wife , played by Shelley Duvall , and their young son , who displays paranormal abilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shelley Duvall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He commenced a script with Frederic Raphael , and worked 18 hours a day , while maintaining complete confidentiality about the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederic Raphael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its inclusion in the film became a \" boon for the relatively unknown composer \" partly because it was introduced alongside background by Johann Strauss and Richard Strauss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Strauss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "Richard Strauss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple lived together in Greenwich Village and divorced three years later in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenwich Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother was a friend of trumpeter Clifford Brown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clifford Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has cited private lessons with Dennis Sandole ( who also taught saxophonist John Coltrane ) as being crucial to his development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dennis Sandole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "John Coltrane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost his crown when he was knocked out by Victor \" Young \" Perez in 1931 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor \" Young \" Perez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the police videos featured on the show were from various U.S. police departments , but footage from other nations such as Argentina , South Korea , Brazil , Russia , Australia , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom also appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [208, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also featured on \" Entertainment Tonight \" and was re-aired later that month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entertainment Tonight", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final title appears as a line in the chorus of \" One Slip \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "One Slip", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All lead vocals performed by David Gilmour except where noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Gilmour", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arie Vardi who succeeded him as director there ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arie Vardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , the nation of Luxembourg has set out a formal legal framework which ensures that private companies engaged in mining resources in space have rights to those resources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luxembourg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored on his debut appearance for his new team , against Walsall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walsall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mayor Daley presented the crew with honorary citizenship medals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was invited to the Indiana Pacers training camp in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana Pacers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Bob Clark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tension resulting from eye strain , were not seriously considered by later authors , his empirical method of reporting his own psychological experience was more influential , especially in contrast to the analysis of Immanuel Kant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Immanuel Kant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the concept of the feeling of the sublime , Arthur Schopenhauer listed examples of its transition from the beautiful to the most sublime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Mario Costa , the concept of the sublime should be examined first of all in relation to the epochal novelty of digital technologies , and technological artistic production : new media art , computer-based generative art , networking , telecommunication art .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Costa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 4 May 1902 , she gave birth to a premature stillborn son .", "entity": [{"entity": "stillborn", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After long discussions , the camp was finally erected about 10 \" km from the village of Westerbork .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westerbork", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some say that an evacuation to the United Kingdom had been planned some time in advance , since at least the end of 1939 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 4 , 2015 , he was announced as the new catching coach for the Miami Marlins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami Marlins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He sharing catching duties with Jason Varitek and former Montreal Expos teammate Michael Barrett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jason Varitek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Montreal Expos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Michael Barrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , he lost Paul Blair 's fly ball in the sun for a two-base error .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One batter later , he dropped Andy Etchebarren 's fly ball .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Etchebarren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 31-game hitting streak that year , from August 1 to September 3 , was the longest in the major leagues since , when Dom DiMaggio hit in 34 straight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dom DiMaggio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His total of 2237 games in center field ranks behind only Willie Mays ( 2827 ) and Tris Speaker ( 2690 ) in major league history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willie Mays", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Tris Speaker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting at third base ahead of Stan Hack , he was later shifted to fill a void in center field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Hack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also drove in the winning run , or scored it , in seven of the games including three singles and a double off Dizzy Dean of the St. Louis Cardinals in the pennant-clinching contest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dizzy Dean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , he went to hometown club Rosenborg , where he soon came into first-team reckoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosenborg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fight was held in Zaire ( now the Democratic Republic of the Congo ) on October 30 , 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data word recognition unit was proposed by Dudley Allen Buck in 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dudley Allen Buck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A skull later found in Tierra del Fuego was initially thought to be another species , provisionally named \" Phocoena dioptrica \" , but the individual was later shown to be a spectacled porpoise and this name remains a synonym .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tierra del Fuego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming began in Montreal in August 1985 , and moved to Lake Memphremagog in September , finishing in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Lake Memphremagog", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filmmaker Jacques Leduc is given credit for photographing the nature scenes in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Leduc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Denby of \" New York \" magazine panned the film , calling it \" pompous and tiresome \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Denby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three days later , the Cincinnati Reds signed him , and he was back in business as a starting pitcher / long reliever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On this occasion , he was dealt to the Houston Astros for Jay Powell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Jay Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 16 , , the Pittsburgh Pirates signed him to a one-year contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five months later , he signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 13 , he was signed to a minor league deal with the New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 15 , 2010 , the Washington Nationals released him with a torn quadriceps that he never recovered from .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with Jamie Heward , Andy Rogers and a 4th round pick on 4 March 2009 as part of a trade deadline deal for Richard Petiot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Maple Leafs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "Jamie Heward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Andy Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Richard Petiot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river was named by John C. Frémont in honor of Edward M. Kern in 1845 who , as the story goes , nearly drowned in the turbulent waters .", "entity": [{"entity": "John C. Frémont", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Edward M. Kern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish in the now dry Tulare Lake were left stranded on the shores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tulare Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud .", "entity": [{"entity": "molecular cloud", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When hydrogen fusion in its core has diminished to the point at which the Sun is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium , its core will undergo a marked increase in density and temperature while its outer layers expand , eventually transforming the Sun into a red giant .", "entity": [{"entity": "red giant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [258, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After this , it will shed its outer layers and become a dense type of cooling star known as a white dwarf , and no longer produce energy by fusion , but still glow and give off heat from its previous fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "white dwarf", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term \" sol \" with a lower-case 's ' is used by planetary astronomers for the duration of a solar day on another planet such as Mars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is about 13 \" billion times brighter than the next brightest star , Sirius , which has an apparent magnitude of − 1.46 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sirius", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the future , helium will continue to accumulate in the core , and in about 5 \" billion years this gradual build-up will eventually cause the Sun to exit the main sequence and become a red giant .", "entity": [{"entity": "red giant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so the Sun releases energy at the mass–energy conversion rate of 4.26 \" million metric tons per second ( which requires 600 metric megatons of hydrogen ) , for 384.6 \" yottawatts ( ) , which is about the same power density as in body of a reptile or inside a compost pile .", "entity": [{"entity": "reptile", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [239, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a total solar eclipse , when the disk of the Sun is covered by that of the Moon , parts of the Sun 's surrounding atmosphere can be seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the core hydrogen is exhausted in 5.4 \" billion years , the Sun will expand into a subgiant phase and slowly double in size over about half a billion years .", "entity": [{"entity": "subgiant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This motion is towards a point in the constellation Hercules , near the star Vega .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hercules", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Vega", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 50 nearest stellar systems within 17 light-years from Earth ( the closest being the red dwarf Proxima Centauri at approximately 4.2 light-years ) , the Sun ranks fourth in mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Proxima Centauri", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For teaching this heresy , he was imprisoned by the authorities and sentenced to death , though he was later released through the intervention of Pericles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pericles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This view was developed in a more detailed mathematical model of a heliocentric system in the 16th century by Nicolaus Copernicus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolaus Copernicus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Averroes also provided a description of sunspots in the 12th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Averroes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The invention of the telescope in the early 17th century permitted detailed observations of sunspots by Thomas Harriot , Galileo Galilei and other astronomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Harriot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "Galileo Galilei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1666 , Isaac Newton observed the Sun 's light using a prism , and showed that it is made up of light of many colors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isaac Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1800 , William Herschel discovered infrared radiation beyond the red part of the solar spectrum .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Herschel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ernest Rutherford suggested that the Sun 's output could be maintained by an internal source of heat , and suggested radioactive decay as the source .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernest Rutherford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it would be Albert Einstein who would provide the essential clue to the source of the Sun 's energy output with his mass–energy equivalence relation \" mc \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1920 , Sir Arthur Eddington proposed that the pressures and temperatures at the core of the Sun could produce a nuclear fusion reaction that merged hydrogen ( protons ) into helium nuclei , resulting in a production of energy from the net change in mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Eddington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preponderance of hydrogen in the Sun was confirmed in 1925 by Cecilia Payne using the ionization theory developed by Meghnad Saha .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cecilia Payne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Meghnad Saha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theoretical concept of fusion was developed in the 1930 s by the astrophysicists Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Hans Bethe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 111]}, {"entity": "Hans Bethe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1957 , Margaret Burbidge , Geoffrey Burbidge , William Fowler and Fred Hoyle showed that most of the elements in the universe have been synthesized by nuclear reactions inside stars , some like the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Burbidge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "Geoffrey Burbidge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "William Fowler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Fred Hoyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A solar wind sample return mission , \" Genesis \" , was designed to allow astronomers to directly measure the composition of solar material .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genesis", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also causes sunburn , and has other biological effects such as the production of vitamin D and sun tanning .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also the main cause of skin cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes four terrestrial planets ( Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars ) , two gas giants ( Jupiter and Saturn ) , and two ice giants ( Uranus and Neptune ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The short film was the first commissioned for \" The Tonight Show \" and premiered there on February 27 , 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tonight Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the smaller , contemporaneous \" Camelops \" , \" Titanotylopus \" had relatively broad second phalanges , suggesting that it had true padded \" cameltoes , \" like modern camels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camelops", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crushed pennyroyal leaves emit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint .", "entity": [{"entity": "spearmint", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it was commonly used for cooking also in the Middle Ages , it gradually fell out of use as a culinary herb and is seldom used as such today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies have been conducted on rats show that one of the main effects is the inhibition of contractile activity in the myometrium and death by kidney failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both \" in vitro \" and \" in vivo \" studies have found the pulegone metabolite menthofuran to be an inhibitor of CYP2A6 , accounting for a significant degree of pennyroyal 's hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [173, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded as premier by the conservative James Francis and later resigned the leadership of the liberal party in favour of Graham Berry .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Graham Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was married four times , once to June Goodfield and collaborated with her on a series of books on the history of science .", "entity": [{"entity": "June Goodfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Casuistry was practiced widely during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to resolve moral issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 4 , 2018 , Scream Factory announced a collector 's edition Blu-ray release of the film slated for September 25 , 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scream Factory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The typical ranchera , as represented by José Alfredo Jiménez , was a masculine but emotional song about love and its mishaps , usually mediated by alcohol , since in a macho culture , the display of feelings by men is allowed only to the drunk .", "entity": [{"entity": "José Alfredo Jiménez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a bolero by Frank Domínguez .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Domínguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a semi-professional sportsman , competing in the 1951 Tour of Britain cycle race and working as a professional wrestler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tour of Britain", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 , he appeared as a panellist in \" Have I Got News for You \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Have I Got News for You", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was reported that he completed the London Marathon at the age of 79 ; rumours that he was driven round in a lead vehicle as an \" observer \" , were denied by marathon officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "London Marathon", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been in hospital with pneumonia , and his death was not suspicious .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with the last cigar he smoked and his two \" This Is Your Life \" books .", "entity": [{"entity": "This Is Your Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on the same day \" Newsnight \" editor Peter Rippon \" stepped down \" with immediate effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Rippon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After \" a range of expenses \" were charged to the estate , a remainder of about £ 3.3 million was available to compensate victims , with those victims not having a claim against another entity ( such as the BBC or the National Health Service ) given priority , and all victims limited to a maximum claim of £ 60,000 against all entities combined , a compensation scheme approved by the courts .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 210]}, {"entity": "National Health Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [218, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A notable adverse environmental effect of the operation of the seaway has been the introduction of numerous invasive species of aquatic animals into the Great Lakes Basin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Lakes Basin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the synodical presidency of Franz Pieper , these new theological methods had only limited support within the LCMS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franz Pieper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among this group , there was increasing concern that the incumbent synodical president , Oliver Harms , was going to lose reelection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oliver Harms", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The institution also immediately received provisional accreditation through the Association of Theological Schools .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association of Theological Schools", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida , where he played for coach Ray Graves from 1964 to 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Florida", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "Ray Graves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was one commercial customer served by the line , a lumber pulp yard at Niceville which is now community athletic fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niceville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next story is set in Zedelghem , near Bruges , Belgium , in 1931 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zedelghem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Bruges", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is gradually revealed that he lived in a post-apocalyptic society on the Big Island of Hawaii .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Hawaii", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , he gave guitar lessons to Jimmy Page .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Page", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It prominently features John Surman on saxophone and Tony Oxley on drums .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Surman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Tony Oxley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2001 the \" Lost Trident Sessions \" album was released ; recorded in 1973 but shelved when the group disbanded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lost Trident Sessions", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two LPs were released , \" Mahavishnu \" and \" Adventures in Radioland \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahavishnu", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Adventures in Radioland", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was recorded in 1988 with Michael Tilson Thomas conducting the London Symphony Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Tilson Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "London Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also notable during the period were his performances with Elvin Jones and Joey DeFrancesco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elvin Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Joey DeFrancesco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parliament he started off his governmental career in 1912 working as Parliamentary Private Secretary for Percy Illingworth who was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percy Illingworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Corey Haim , Corey Feldman , Heather Graham , Carol Kane , Richard Masur , Michael Manasseri and Nina Siemaszko .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corey Haim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "Corey Feldman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Heather Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Carol Kane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Richard Masur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Michael Manasseri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 101]}, {"entity": "Nina Siemaszko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned a master 's degree in composition from San Francisco State University in 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Duke started playing classical music , he credited his cousin Charles Burrell for convincing him to switch to jazz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Burrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received his first command in 1824 and participated in anti-piracy operations in the Caribbean Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caribbean Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This included service in several wars , most notably during the American Civil War , where he gained fame for winning several decisive naval battles .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Union Army made two major attacks on the fort ; both were repulsed with heavy losses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was designed by Masanobu Endō and a small team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Masanobu Endō", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Vikings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a high schooler he played football , baseball and basketball at Santa Cruz High School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Cruz High School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two years , he transferred to the University of Michigan , where he graduated from with a B.A. in English in 1930 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1959 , he moved to Hollywood and began writing and editing screenplays and scripts for television shows .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "English guitarist Martin Simpson is known to use a custom-made tungsten carbide guitar slide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , he went to the University of Amsterdam , where he received a BSc degree in mathematics and physics in 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Amsterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a sales representative for FieldTurf in Kentucky and Tennessee .", "entity": [{"entity": "FieldTurf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Kentucky", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered on February 5 , 1843 and rapidly brightened to become a great comet .", "entity": [{"entity": "great comet", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These comets pass extremely close to the surface of the Sun - within a few solar radii - and often become very bright as a result .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First observed in early February , 1843 , it raced toward an incredibly close perihelion of less than 830,000 \" km on February 27 , 1843 ; at this time it was observed in broad daylight roughly a degree away from the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [217, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first public MAME release was by Nicola Salmoria on February 5 , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicola Salmoria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example of this is the \" Taito Legends \" pack which contains ROMs readable on select versions of MAME .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taito Legends", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , normal \" buyer 's remorse \" should not be confused with the complex emotional dynamics of \" shopaholic \" behavior , just as a binge on a special occasion should not be confused with a serious eating disorder such as bulimia .", "entity": [{"entity": "shopaholic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "eating disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [202, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert said the film made audiences \" squirm out of enjoyment , not terror \" , giving it three stars out of four .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was first released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laserdisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "com Tri-Cities Open in 2000 ) , and missed the 36-hole cut by a substantial margin both times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tri-Cities Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1977 , he joined the Pillsbury Company where he later became vice president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pillsbury Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1977 , he moved to Minneapolis to join Pillsbury , becoming director of business analysis in its restaurant and foods group in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Pillsbury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After ending his own campaign , however , he endorsed Steve Forbes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Forbes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total construction cost was $ 26.85 million , including a $ 2.75 million naming gift from the Carrier Corporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carrier Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release , the 26-minute , 35 \" mm \" Amblin ' \" , which he wrote and directed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amblin '", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called \" Duel \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Matheson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "Duel", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92 % approval rating , reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is known for John Williams 's score and its unique title sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was previously adapted into the 1986 made-for-TV film \" Sword of Gideon \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sword of Gideon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Tye Sheridan , Olivia Cooke , Ben Mendelsohn , Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tye Sheridan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Olivia Cooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Ben Mendelsohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Simon Pegg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Mark Rylance", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jennifer Lawrence is attached to star in the lead role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pictures will distribute the film , with David Koepp writing the script .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Koepp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean MacCurdy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Tom Ruegger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He developed the series with Robert Rodat and is credited as an executive producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Rodat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avi Arad and Steven Paul produced , Rupert Sanders directed , and Scarlett Johansson stars in the lead role of the film , which was released in 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avi Arad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Steven Paul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Rupert Sanders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Scarlett Johansson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2018 , it was announced that the film will now be directed by Michael Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Bay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The script is based on an earlier one from 1965 by Oscar-winner Dalton Trumbo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dalton Trumbo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is set to star Harrison Ford and will be produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harrison Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Kathleen Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "Frank Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the creator of the \" Medal of Honor \" series by Electronic Arts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Medal of Honor", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "Electronic Arts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She accused him , along with actress Jennifer Love Hewitt , of controlling her thoughts through \" cybertronic \" technology and being part of a satanic conspiracy against her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Love Hewitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TurboGrafx-16 release is distinctly different from the computer versions , in terms of gameplay and presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TurboGrafx-16", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early in the game , he learns that the radiation of the meteor has enlarged a local ant population to an enormous size .", "entity": [{"entity": "ant", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their son , Danny Tartabull , was an All-Star major league baseball player , primarily with the Seattle Mariners , Kansas City Royals , and New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danny Tartabull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 133]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conservative estimates had it that the Philippines had lost about two thirds of her material wealth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the manager of the Toronto Blue Jays from 2002 to 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He succeeded Buck Martinez on June 3 , 2002 , served the entire season , and was replaced by John Gibbons on August 8 , 2004 , after compiling a 191&ndash ; 191 win-loss record ( .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buck Martinez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "John Gibbons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next years , key figures from the Independent Smallholders ' Party , e.g. Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky , had joined the work group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Independent Smallholders ' Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 73]}, {"entity": "Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group of the so-called \" folk writers \" ( ) , including Zsigmond Móricz or János Kodolányi , expressed critique of capitalism and emphasis on peasant society and land reform .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zsigmond Móricz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "János Kodolányi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" \" ) at the Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government was accused of deliberately sabotage by the opposition , however Minister of the Interior Péter Boross said it was only a spontaneous event .", "entity": [{"entity": "Péter Boross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The funeral , celebrated by Archabbot Asztrik Várszegi and actor András Bálint , was attended by former and incumbent politicians , representatives of the parliamentary parties and diplomatic missions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asztrik Várszegi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "András Bálint", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period ( ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upper Paleolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2018 , the driver , an employee of Durham School Services was convicted of six counts of criminally negligent homicide , 11 counts of reckless aggravated assault , seven counts of assault , reckless endangerment , reckless driving and illegally using his phone while driving .", "entity": [{"entity": "Durham School Services", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several miles east , the city is bisected by Missionary Ridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Missionary Ridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Startups have been an increasing trend , due in part to EPB 's fiber optic grid .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chattanooga Police Department dates from 1852 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chattanooga Police Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chattanooga State Community College is a two-year community college with a total undergraduate enrollment of roughly 8150 students in 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chattanooga State Community College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The video was shown at the Democratic National Convention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic National Convention", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 2003 , which featured extensive use of special effects and a cameo by Owen Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Owen Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Andrew Garfield as a robot with a head shaped like an old PC who falls in love with a more sleekly-designed female robot , played by Sienna Guillory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Garfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Sienna Guillory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Joaquin Phoenix , Amy Adams , Rooney Mara , Olivia Wilde , and Scarlett Johansson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joaquin Phoenix", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "Amy Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Rooney Mara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Olivia Wilde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Scarlett Johansson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film starred Margaret Qualley as a woman erratically dancing around a large mansion , with choreography by Ryan Heffington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Qualley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Ryan Heffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved with the team to San Diego in 1961 , and stayed there until 1964 when he joined the Buffalo Bills .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Buffalo Bills", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Butch Byrd took a John Hadl punt and with outstanding blocking , took it 74 yards for a touchdown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butch Byrd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "John Hadl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development team also contacted Kodak to get color channel details about the film 's film stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kodak", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was responsible for the orchestration in Billie Holiday 's \" Lady in Satin \" ( 1958 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billie Holiday", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Lady in Satin", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the main Cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Singapore and serves as the mother church of 27 parishes and more than 55 congregations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anglican Diocese of Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She scored 9 points along with 10 assists in an 81 – 71 victory over the Washington Mystics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Mystics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team was coached by Van Chancellor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Chancellor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This retrospective covers the band 's history while Phil Collins was the lead singer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Collins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the special assistant to the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major League Baseball Players Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , ESPN named him the third-best all-around athlete of all time in any sport .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team 's offense for the most part was inconsistent , and they were also set back by key injuries to Reggie Jackson and Graig Nettles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reggie Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "Graig Nettles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also spent some time in Los Angeles where he played with Madonna and Michael Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "Madonna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played bass on several tracks on \" The Division Bell \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Division Bell", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2019 he became engaged to the children 's author Georgia Byng .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia Byng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteoblasts develop from stem cells , and scientists hope to eventually be able to treat osteoporosis by adding stem cells to a patient ’s bone marrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His major league career as a player lasted from 1967 to 1978 , most notably with the San Diego Padres and Atlanta Braves .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "season and was the runner-up in the Chicago White Sox manager position in the 2003 – 2004 off season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fires destroyed the villages of Tallong , Wingello , and most of the surrounding orchards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Wingello", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The road was only paved north of Nooseneck Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nooseneck Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coincidentally , in 1991 , before the episode aired but after it was produced , then-Yankees manager Stump Merrill told him that until he cut his hair , he would not play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stump Merrill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered on September 7 , 2000 at the Venice Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venice Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wildlife includes raptors , Mohave ground squirrel , and the desert tortoise .", "entity": [{"entity": "raptors", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Mohave ground squirrel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "desert tortoise", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The waters are then said to flow underground to emerge as the Kaveri river some distance away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaveri", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The character 's physical appearance has gone through many transformations , with various special makeup effects artists , including Stan Winston , making their mark on the character 's design .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Winston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trademark hockey goalie mask did not appear until \" Friday the 13th Part III \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday the 13th Part III", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's like a great white shark .", "entity": [{"entity": "great white shark", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "McFarlane Toys released two toy lines , one in 1998 and the other in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "McFarlane Toys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer Kevin Williamson claimed his inspiration for this scene came when he asked this question in a bar while a group was playing a movie trivia quiz game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Williamson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial plan was to remove the two TBMs near Washington Square in North Beach in 2014 once boring was complete .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "North Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The twin tunnels were fully complete by May 2015 , when Mayor Ed Lee toured the project underground .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world ( 1577 – 1580 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis Drake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Cook", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Indiamen", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "British India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1958 , the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Castle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperatures in Jamestown , on the north leeward shore , are in the range in the summer ( January to April ) and during the remainder of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamestown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Longwood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Blue Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father , the son of a farmer from Waikato , served in the army in Italy and became an accountant during World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waikato", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [108, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of their performances at the Sydney Opera House was recorded for the live album , \" Goin ' Your Way \" ( 8 November 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "Goin ' Your Way", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , already 39 , he joined the Tampa Bay Mutiny of Major League Soccer , closing out his career the following year with his first club ; in total , he played in nearly 600 official matches as a professional .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa Bay Mutiny", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Major League Soccer", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" rufous-breasted wren \" ( \" Pheugopedius rutilus \" ) is a small songbird of the wren family ( Troglodytidae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "songbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found in the tropical New World from Costa Rica and Panama east to Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago .", "entity": [{"entity": "New World", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Costa Rica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Trinidad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "Tobago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The face pattern and rufous breast are the best distinctions from the similarly-sized house wren .", "entity": [{"entity": "house wren", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost it to Manuel Medina two months later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manuel Medina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His campaign was backed by John Singleton to the tune of $ 380,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Singleton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work was premiered in Lausanne on 28 September 1918 , conducted by Ernest Ansermet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lausanne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Ernest Ansermet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full staging , 1926 , Newcastle upon Tyne , conducted by Edward Clark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "Edward Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plato contrasted mimesis , or imitation , with diegesis , or narrative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Plato and Aristotle saw in mimesis the representation of nature , including human nature , as reflected in the dramas of the period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" hooded crane \" ( \" Grus monacha \" ) is a small , dark crane .", "entity": [{"entity": "crane", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hooded crane breeds in south-central and south-eastern Siberia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siberia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breeding is also suspected to occur in Mongolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mongolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also wintering grounds in South Korea and China .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flooded savannas lie close to the Indian Ocean coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the region has seen a reduction in the populations of the large mammals , it is still home to some including the reedbuck and migrating eland .", "entity": [{"entity": "eland", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carnivores found here include lion ( \" Panthera leo \" ) , leopard ( \" Panthera pardus \" ) , cheetah ( \" Acinonyx jubatus \" ) , spotted hyena ( \" Crocuta crocuta \" ) and side-striped jackal ( \" Canis adustus \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lion", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "leopard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "cheetah", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "spotted hyena", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "side-striped jackal", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [169, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The floodplains are a haven for migratory waterbirds including pintails , garganey , African openbill ( \" Anastomus lamelligerus \" ) , saddle-billed stork ( \" Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis \" ) , wattled crane ( \" Bugeranus carunculatus \" ) , and great white pelican ( \" Pelecanus onocrotalus \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pintails", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "garganey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "African openbill", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "saddle-billed stork", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "great white pelican", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [246, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He considered that the nearby high and cool Kalene Hill was a particularly suitable place for a mission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kalene Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has resulted in eutrophication of the river water and has facilitated the spread of diseases of poor hygiene such as cholera , typhus and dysentery .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholera", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "typhus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "dysentery", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wildlife in the delta was further threatened by uncontrolled hunting during the civil war in Mozambique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mozambique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film featured his widely known rendition of \" Make ' Em Laugh , \" which he choreographed with help from the assistant dance directors and his brother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Make ' Em Laugh", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He guest-starred on episodes of \" The Girl with Something Extra \" , \" Ellery Queen \" , \" The Bionic Woman \" , \" Police Story \" , and \" Hunter \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Girl with Something Extra", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 63]}, {"entity": "Ellery Queen", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "The Bionic Woman", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "Police Story", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "Hunter", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was able to identify a potential susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with genotype data of case-control samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "found a genome-wide significant linkage signal in a dataset of multiple sclerosis patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "multiple sclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species was formerly broken into subspecies \" cavatus \" , from the Western Ghats , and \" homrai \" , the nominate form from the sub-Himalayan forests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Ghats", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Vitex altissima \" has been noted as another important food source .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitex altissima", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The great hornbill is the state bird of Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh in India .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kerala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Arunachal Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He never married , and was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother , Walter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in place of the usual crap \" , and once a Schubert \" lied \" while the titles on the screen purported to express his colleagues ' displeasure at having to accommodate a misguided request by him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schubert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show first originated from New York City , but soon moved to Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequent guests included Dave Matthews , Arianna Huffington , Michael McKean , Ann Coulter , Carrot Top , and Christine O'Donnell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Matthews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Michael McKean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "Ann Coulter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Carrot Top", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "Christine O'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his Chancellor 's Speaker Series talk at University of Massachusetts Lowell on December 7 , 2012 , King indicated that he was writing a crime novel about a retired policeman being taunted by a murderer .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Massachusetts Lowell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 22 , 2015 , it was revealed that King was working on the third book of the trilogy , \" End of Watch \" , which was ultimately released on June 7 , 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "End of Watch", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2009 it was announced he would serve as a writer for \" Fangoria \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fangoria", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other acknowledged influences include H. P. Lovecraft , Arthur Machen , Ray Bradbury , Joseph Payne Brennan , Elmore Leonard , John D. MacDonald , and Don Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. P. Lovecraft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "Arthur Machen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Ray Bradbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Joseph Payne Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 107]}, {"entity": "Elmore Leonard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "John D. MacDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 144]}, {"entity": "Don Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The comment was described by the blog as \" another in a long line of liberal media members bashing the military \" , and likened to John Kerry 's similar remark from 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Kerry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King has criticized Donald Trump and Rep. Steve King , deeming them racists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Steve King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The black bear is relatively common , enough so that there is a short hunting season to prevent overpopulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "black bear", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The special appeared occasionally on HBO in the 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He owns Winifred Atwell 's \" other \" piano , the one which she used for her honky-tonk performances and recordings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winifred Atwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The winner was Barbara von Johnson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara von Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Vienna and later moved to Tyrnau in Austria , although some suggest \" Trnava \" ( ) , in modern-day Slovakia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vienna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Tyrnau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Trnava", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Slovakia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His correspondence with the Maharil regarding a divorce ( 1420 ) is recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maharil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model was also built in Argentina between May 2006 and November 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1839 , the philosopher Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Leroux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also frequently collaborated with directors Wes Anderson and Jim Jarmusch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wes Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Jim Jarmusch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quickly dropped out , returning to Illinois .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was shortly followed by the signings of Segundo Castillo and Louis Saha .", "entity": [{"entity": "Segundo Castillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "Louis Saha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and lost in the semi-final of the Football League Cup , with Sunderland winning a penalty shoot-out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Football League Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "Sunderland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His managerial debut was an away league match against Deportivo La Coruña on 22 November , which ended in a goalless draw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deportivo La Coruña", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reef is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia , Honduras and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Honduras", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a lighthouse on a coral ledge in the southwest approach to the bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "coral", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was mentioned by Louis-Michel Aury whose ship was shipwrecked on it in 1820 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis-Michel Aury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple married on 8 October 1905 in Tegernsee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tegernsee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple retired to Paris , where they purchased a house off the Champs-Élysées and lived off the income provided by their parents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Champs-Élysées", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They chose Finland as the best possible place to go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is tied only with Kenny Lofton for appearing in the post-season with six teams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenny Lofton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pitching against the Oakland Athletics , he allowed no walks and only two hits , the first of which came with two outs in the seventh inning when Jason Giambi fought off an 0 – 2 count and singled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "Jason Giambi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hit a single and a double off former teammate Greg Maddux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Maddux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" diya \" , \" diyo \" , \" deya \" , \" divaa \" , \" deepa \" , \" deepam \" , or \" deepak \" is an oil lamp usually made from clay , with a cotton wick dipped in ghee or vegetable oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "ghee", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the solo trumpet ( preceded by a solo French horn ) featured prominently in the main theme by Dennis McCarthy to accentuate the lonely isolation of the outpost was augmented by a chorus of brass as the station attained a more bustling atmosphere following the presence of the wormhole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dennis McCarthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they still continue on some important railways , such as the Indian Railways , besides the heritage railways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Railways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He face three batters , recording the final two outs of the sixth inning when he got Pete Rose to ground into a double play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Rose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , he took over play-by-play from John Rooney , and served in that role through the 2019 season , with broadcast partners Chris Singleton ( 2006 – 2007 ) , Steve Stone ( 2008 ) , and Darrin Jackson ( 2009 – 2019 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Rooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Chris Singleton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Steve Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 174]}, {"entity": "Darrin Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had been falsely accused of participating in an assassination plot against Joseph Stalin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Stalin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During World War II he served in the Royal Air Force .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Royal Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original music score was composed by Giorgio Moroder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giorgio Moroder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Professional arm wrestler John Brzenk also makes an appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Brzenk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 30 % based on 27 reviews , with an average rating of 4.5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was established in the mid-1990 s following the closure of the station by the Metro-North Railroad , and primarily focuses on the history of railroading in southern New England and neighboring New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metro-North Railroad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 101]}, {"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the arrival of Greg Chappell and Rahul Dravid being appointed captain , the number 3 slot was given to either Irfan Pathan or Mahendra Singh Dhoni to accelerate the scoring rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Chappell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Rahul Dravid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Irfan Pathan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His techniques of quick running between the wickets whilst rotating the strike but reducing considerable pressure while chasing without even playing much boundaries as well as his ability to break down the chase being in the middle-order has been observed as an adaptation of a similar approach by Michael Bevan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Bevan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [298, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third draft of the script added cameos by two actors from the sister television series \" Star Trek : Voyager \" , which was in its third season when the film was released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek : Voyager", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [93, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effort of writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore was chosen and developed into \" Star Trek Generations \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brannon Braga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Ronald D. Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Star Trek Generations", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Playmates Toys produced six and nine-inch action figures in addition to ship models and a phaser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Playmates Toys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A LaserDisc version was also released .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaserDisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The late Phyllis Diller holds the record for most laughs per minute , at twelve laughs per minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phyllis Diller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Victoria Wood launched her stand-up career in the early 1980 s , which included observational conversation mixed with comedy songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victoria Wood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wood was to become one of the country 's most successful comedians , in 2001 selling out the Royal Albert Hall for 15 nights in a row .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Albert Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presenter , Andreu Buenafuente , made an initial monologue of about 9 to 11 minutes where he links current issues with everyday humorous situations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andreu Buenafuente", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nightclubs and resorts became the breeding ground for a new type of stand-up comedian , specifically Lenny Bruce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenny Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other notable comics from this era include Woody Allen , Shelley Berman , Phyllis Diller , and Bob Newhart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woody Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Shelley Berman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Phyllis Diller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Bob Newhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Martin and Andy Kaufman were the most popular practitioners of anti-comedy from the 1970 s into the 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Andy Kaufman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The older style of stand-up comedy ( no social satire ) was kept alive by Rodney Dangerfield and Buddy Hackett , who enjoyed revived careers late in life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney Dangerfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "Buddy Hackett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not until 2005 , when the TV show \" The Great Indian Laughter Challenge \" garnered huge popularity and stand-up comedy in itself started getting recognised .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Great Indian Laughter Challenge", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some popular comedians around 2005 - 2008 include Raju Srivastav , Kapil Sharma and Sunil Pal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raju Srivastav", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Kapil Sharma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Sunil Pal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Catskill Mountains are depicted in \" The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catskill Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" feud \" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny was used as comic material for nearly a decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Jack Benny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She often interacts with Lenny Bruce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenny Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1801 he joined the crew of the \" Lady Nelson \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lady Nelson", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When released from prison in 1812 , he travelled to Spain , Portugal and Gibraltar and upon his return to England was again imprisoned when his creditors caught up with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Gibraltar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 46 the following May in Bradenton .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "Bradenton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Tbilisi on 16 January 2008 from complications of hepatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tbilisi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was appointed manager of the Chicago Cubs in 1925 - one of their worst seasons ever - he did not change his behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not long after that , he was out on the street outside Ebbets Field in Brooklyn mimicking a newsboy hawking papers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ebbets Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1970 s and early 1980 s , brothers Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt attempted to corner the silver market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Bunker Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "William Herbert Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His role in this period can be compared with that of Jan Masaryk in post-war Czechoslovakia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Masaryk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "Czechoslovakia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , he was acting head of state in 1973 after Walter Ulbricht 's death until the election of Willi Stoph .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Ulbricht", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "Willi Stoph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It originally started as a comedy to star Grahame Bond but later evolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grahame Bond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 6 % based on 72 reviews and an average rating of 3 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of March 3 , 2011 , the film has grossed a total of $ 70,165,972 at the United States box office with a worldwide gross of $ 138,259,062 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the ship was attacked by another alien species which is especially hostile and xenophobic .", "entity": [{"entity": "xenophobic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although desiring peaceful interaction and offering immortality and boundless manna , they are prepared for hostile action .", "entity": [{"entity": "manna", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but he was sent on loan to Carlisle United during October 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlisle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 18 February 2012 in a 2 – 1 defeat against Forest Green Rovers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Forest Green Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until 1885 , he was a devoted adherent of William Ewart Gladstone , particularly in finance and foreign affairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Ewart Gladstone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a great friend of the artist Norman Garstin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norman Garstin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1843 , he moved to Illinois with his wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The school 's name was changed to Northern Illinois University in 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Illinois University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is played by Richard Dysart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Dysart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Louth , he soon became interested in a career at sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "King Edward VI Grammar School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 41]}, {"entity": "Louth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reached Liverpool on the first of September 1827 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On , he married Jane Griffin , a friend of his first wife and a seasoned traveller who proved indomitable in the course of their life together .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jane Griffin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is wearing the 1843 – 1846 pattern Royal Navy undress tailcoat with cocked hat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ships travelled north to Aberdeen and the Orkney Isles for supplies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Orkney Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now believed that the expedition wintered on Beechey Island in 1845 – 46 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beechey Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and perhaps tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicological reports indicated that lead poisoning was also a possible factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead poisoning", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have a white wing stripe which helps distinguish this bird from the similar Wilson 's phalarope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson 's phalarope", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [81, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During migration , some flocks stop over on the open waters at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy to take advantage of food stirred up by tidal action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bay of Fundy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The red-necked phalarope is a rare and localised breeding species in Ireland and Britain , which lie on the extreme edge of its world range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also bred in western Ireland since about 1900 , where the population reached a peak of about 50 pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DSc ) from the University of New South Wales ( 1958 ) , an honorary Doctor of Letters ( Hon .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of New South Wales", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was superseded only by the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1958 to 1961 , while it was the temporary home of the Los Angeles Dodgers , and by Mile High Stadium in 1993 , the temporary home of the expansion Colorado Rockies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 59]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 138]}, {"entity": "Mile High Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 165]}, {"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the debris from the demolition was placed in Lake Erie to create an artificial reef .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Erie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facility , located just south of Lake Erie , was known for the biting cold winds that would blow into the stadium in winter , as well as during much of the spring and fall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Erie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of its proximity to the lake during hot summer nights , its lights attracted swarms of midges and mayflies .", "entity": [{"entity": "mayflies", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the stadium 's last events was a Billy Graham crusade , held in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1787 , Antoine Lavoisier suspected that silica might be an oxide of a fundamental chemical element , but the chemical affinity of silicon for oxygen is high enough that he had no means to reduce the oxide and isolate the element .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antoine Lavoisier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pure silicon crystals are very rarely found in nature , but notable exceptions are crystals as large as to 0.3 \" mm across found during sampling gases from the Kudriavy volcano on Iturup , one of the Kuril Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kudriavy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "Iturup", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 186]}, {"entity": "Kuril Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is some evidence that silicon is important to human health for their nail , hair , bone , and skin tissues , for example , in studies that demonstrate that premenopausal women with higher dietary silicon intake have higher bone density , and that silicon supplementation can increase bone volume and density in patients with osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [331, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhalation of crystalline silica dust may lead to silicosis , an occupational lung disease marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "occupational lung disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [65, 90]}, {"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sporting legend in his native Sweden as well as in China , because of his extraordinary longevity and competitiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dubbed 35 mm version toured theaters in North America and the United Kingdom , during which time it received coverage in major newspapers but highly mixed reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", written by Stanley Walden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Walden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded for the fourth time , on June 14 , 2002 , to the Cincinnati Reds for Jim Brower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "Jim Brower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed as a free agent with the Toronto Blue Jays on November 26 , 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sent to the Baltimore Orioles on May 1 , 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He threw seven perfect innings before allowing a hit on July 20 , 2010 against the Los Angeles Angels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Angels", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capital city is Basseterre , located on the larger island of Saint Kitts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Basseterre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Saint Kitts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite not representing the country , Marcus Rashford is of descent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcus Rashford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , they are made from oat groats that have been dehusked and steamed , before being \" rolled \" into flat flakes under heavy rollers and then stabilized by being lightly toasted .", "entity": [{"entity": "oat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , oat groats are a whole grain that can be used as a breakfast cereal , just like the various forms of oatmeal , rolled oats and pinhead oats can be cooked to make porridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "whole grain", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "breakfast cereal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "oatmeal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "porridge", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a rich source of dietary fiber ( 10 grams per 100 gram serving ) , whole oats supply beta-glucan ( 4 grams per 100 gram serving ; table ) , a soluble fiber with cholesterol-lowering effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "dietary fiber", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The archipelago extends for between San Miguel Island in the north and San Clemente Island in the south .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Miguel Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "San Clemente Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five of the islands ( San Miguel , Santa Rosa , Santa Cruz , Anacapa , and Santa Barbara ) were made into the Channel Islands National Park in 1980 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Miguel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Santa Rosa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Santa Cruz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Anacapa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "Santa Barbara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "Channel Islands National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His remains were exposed by beach erosion , and were preserved by University of Oregon archaeologists .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Oregon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The islands also house many rare and endangered species of plants , including the island barberry , the island rushrose , and the Santa Cruz Island lace pod .", "entity": [{"entity": "island rushrose", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "Santa Cruz Island lace pod", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [130, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Giant kelp forests surround the islands and act as a source of nutrition and protection for other animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giant kelp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several endemic reptile and amphibian species including the island fence lizard , island night lizard , and Channel Islands slender salamander live on the islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "island night lizard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "Channel Islands slender salamander", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rabies and distemper vaccination programs were initiated to protect the island 's wildlife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rabies", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the younger brother of Dick Van Dyke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Van Dyke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1978 to 1981 he was a coach for the Chicago Cubs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2001 to 2002 he was bench coach with the Toronto Blue Jays and was unofficial manager for 3 games in 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the elves are the results of long-ago military genetic engineering programs and the dragons are genetically engineered sentients , originally designed by Disney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He entered in the 6th inning with 1 out and a runner on base , against the Oakland Athletics with the score tied 6 - 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He induced a flyout from Scott Spiezio for his first major league out , and the baserunner ( Ernie Young ) was caught stealing on the next pitch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Spiezio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Ernie Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would go on to strike out his first major league batter ( future teammate Jim Edmonds ) in his next appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Edmonds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his first major league save on August 9 against the Arizona Diamondbacks , entering the game to start the 8th inning in a save situation ( ahead 5 – 2 ) , and finishing off what became an 8 – 2 victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He posted a career high total for wins in a single season in 1999 ( 7 ) , and achieved a rare feat by striking out 4 batters in an inning against the San Francisco Giants on August 17 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located at the island 's northernmost point , close to the mouth of the Rivière Saint-Denis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rivière Saint-Denis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another son , Kris Harvey , played in the minor leagues for the Pittsburgh Pirates organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kris Harvey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the early 1910 s the colony suffered severely as a result of unprofitable fisheries , and large numbers of its people emigrated to Nova Scotia and Quebec .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nova Scotia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The archipelago has two communes : Saint-Pierre and Miquelon-Langlade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint-Pierre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Miquelon-Langlade", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded his first career save on opening day , March 31 , 2013 with 3 1 / 3 innings of relief against rival Texas Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , he premiered a reality series called \" The Marriage Ref \" , which aired for two seasons on NBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Marriage Ref", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is married to author and philanthropist Jessica Seinfeld , with whom he has three children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jessica Seinfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second cousin is musician and actor Evan Seinfeld .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evan Seinfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The webisodes were directed by Barry Levinson and aired briefly on television .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Levinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fictional reunion took place in the seventh season 's finale and starred most of the original cast , including Julia Louis-Dreyfus , Jason Alexander , Michael Richards , in a multiple episode arc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julia Louis-Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "Jason Alexander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "Michael Richards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "segment with Seth Meyers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seth Meyers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He executive produced and occasionally starred as a panelist in \" The Marriage Ref \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Marriage Ref", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The event celebrated Don Rickles and his career , but also served as a roast among friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Rickles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those who participated in the event included , Jon Stewart , David Letterman , Tina Fey , Amy Poehler , Nathan Lane , Regis Philbin , Robert De Niro , and Martin Scorsese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jon Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "David Letterman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "Tina Fey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "Amy Poehler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Nathan Lane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "Regis Philbin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "Martin Scorsese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , he wrote the children 's book \" Halloween \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Halloween", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On national TV with Ruth Westheimer , he explained how , in 1984 , he was engaged but called it off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruth Westheimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received her M.S. from the University of New Hampshire and Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of New Hampshire", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 58]}, {"entity": "University of Connecticut", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She later completed her postdoctoral studies at Yale University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pitched for the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This injury , diagnosed as a stress fracture , eventually caused him to prematurely end his season .", "entity": [{"entity": "stress fracture", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded his first career hit in the 8th inning , against reliever Daniel Bard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Bard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 22 , 2011 , he signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which came on August 19 in a 5 - 3 win against the Oakland Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Seoul in 1988 he was the bronze medalist in the C-1 500 m .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there , on 17 February 2004 , President George W. Bush visited the 39th and had an MRE ( Meal , Ready-to-Eat ) lunch in a field mess tent with soldiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Meal , Ready-to-Eat", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [95, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unit members occupied observation posts and reported activity along the border to the United States Border Patrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Border Patrol", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crowd of 47,500 people reportedly showed up on one night of the event , when Michael W. Smith was the musical guest ; only 18,000 people were permitted inside and many watched on outside television screens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael W. Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the first international player to play in the NBA Finals for two teams .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBA Finals", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , he worked for the New York Knicks as an international scout .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Knicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple has three children and has been residing in Madrid since 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played for the Indianapolis Colts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indianapolis Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was formerly a player development coach for the Minnesota Wild organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Wild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of his contract , he signed a two-year contract with the New York Islanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A former head coach in the college and professional ranks , he is well known for his 40-year tenure as a college basketball broadcaster for ESPN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later earned a master 's degree in education from William Paterson University .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Paterson University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two seasons there , he was hired in 1973 by the University of Detroit to become its head coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Detroit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He missed his first-ever production meeting when he was walking the streets of Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He credits a lot of his success to working with Jim Simpson at the beginning of his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the postseason , he appears as an in-studio analyst with host Rece Davis and fellow analysts Jay Bilas , Digger Phelps , Hubert Davis , and Bob Knight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rece Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Jay Bilas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "Digger Phelps", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "Hubert Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Bob Knight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2006 , Honda paid $ 60 million for the naming rights over 15 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was hoped that this money would fund a range of new transport projects : The AA Scotland stated its opposition to the scheme .", "entity": [{"entity": "AA Scotland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the Scottish National Party campaigned against the charge and made it an issue in the 2003 local elections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish National Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ruling Scottish Labour Party lost a significant number of votes at a September 2002 council by election ( slipping from second to fourth place ) with participants claiming that the proposed congestion charge had been a factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scottish Labour Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in lifestyles , nutrition , and ethnic composition of populations lead to changes in the distribution of body dimensions ( e.g. the rise in obesity ) and require regular updating of anthropometric data collections .", "entity": [{"entity": "rise in obesity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [140, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exceptional height variation ( around 20 % deviation from a population 's average ) within such a population is sometimes due to gigantism or dwarfism , which are caused by specific genes or endocrine abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "gigantism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "dwarfism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthropometric measurements are frequently used to diagnose malnutrition in resource-poor clinical settings .", "entity": [{"entity": "malnutrition", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In art Yves Klein termed his performance paintings \" anthropometries \" , where he covered nude women with paint and used their bodies as paintbrushes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yves Klein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was encouraged by the fact that the local landscape resembled that of the Holy Land .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holy Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Middlesbrough as a thirteen-year-old , moving up the club ranks as a member of the reserve side .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 6 November 2002 , in a League Cup defeat against Ipswich Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "League Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not feature for the first team until the beginning of December 2008 , when he made several appearances on the bench with his first being an away game against Newcastle United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made another substitute appearance on 28 December 2008 , against West Ham .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2011 , he was sent off in consecutive games , against Torquay United and Swindon Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Torquay United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Swindon Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second goal of 2012 came in the 5th minute of injury time against Port Vale in a 1 – 1 draw on 14 February .", "entity": [{"entity": "Port Vale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played his first game since joining the club permanently on 18 August , against Gillingham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gillingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 15 September , he scored his second goal of the season during a 3 – 0 win at home against Barnet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barnet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A week later he scored his third goal of the season , opening the scoring in a 2 – 0 win away to Oxford United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The split between this tropicbird and the other tropicbirds , the red-tailed and white-tailed tropicbird , is thought to have occurred about six million years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "white-tailed tropicbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subspecies is also a rare but regular vagrant to Seychelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seychelles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were originally written by Bill Wilson after the founding of the first twelve-step group , Alcoholics Anonymous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Alcoholics Anonymous", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found in cold but humid temperate rain forests , and nowhere does its range extend more than 400 \" km from the Pacific Ocean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a professor of classical philology and archaeology at Harvard University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining 58 % consisted of loans ( approximately 22 billion yuan or US $ 3.23 billion ) from the Bank of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining 78 percent consisted of loans ( approximately 57.3 billion yuan or US $ 8.4 billion ) from a consortium of banks led by Bank of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an E-type ( high-albedo ) asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "E-type", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was named after Hungary , which hosted an astronomical meeting in 1898 in Budapest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10μ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave a diameter estimate of 64 \" km .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kitt Peak", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named after Charles Julien Brianchon ( 1783 – 1864 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Julien Brianchon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film co-stars Dolph Lundgren , Burt Young , Talia Shire , Carl Weathers , Tony Burton , Brigitte Nielsen and Michael Pataki .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dolph Lundgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Burt Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Talia Shire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Carl Weathers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Tony Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Brigitte Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "Michael Pataki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The robot is identified by its engineers as \" SICO \" and is / was a member of the Screen Actors Guild .", "entity": [{"entity": "Screen Actors Guild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film opened Wednesday , November 27 on 1,325 screens and over the 5-day Thanksgiving weekend , it grossed a non-summer record $ 31,770,105 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thanksgiving", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated with an A.B. in 1965 , then joined the Peace Corps and served in Nepal for two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peace Corps", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bill Sutherland scored the arena 's first goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those honored in the pre-game ceremony were Lou Angotti , Ed Van Impe , Bob Clarke , Mel Bridgman , Bill Barber , Dave Poulin , Ron Sutter , Kevin Dineen , Éric Desjardins , Keith Primeau and Derian Hatcher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou Angotti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Ed Van Impe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Bob Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "Mel Bridgman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Bill Barber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Dave Poulin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "Ron Sutter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "Kevin Dineen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "Éric Desjardins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 171]}, {"entity": "Keith Primeau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "Derian Hatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [192, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A scheduled concert with Leonard Cohen on October 22 was moved to the Tower Theatre in Upper Darby , instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonard Cohen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Tower Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Upper Darby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The lyric was changed by the band 's singer Bob Weir to say \" I would n't tear this old building down .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a loop around Mont Blanc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mont Blanc", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed for Lazio in the summer of 1993 on a free transfer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remnants of primeval forests are still to be found , the largest in the Kočevje area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kočevje", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The climate is also influenced by the variety of relief , and the influence of the Alps and the Adriatic Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alps", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "Adriatic Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mountains , spruce , fir , and pine are more common .", "entity": [{"entity": "spruce", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "fir", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "pine", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pine trees grow on the Karst Plateau , although only one-third of the region is covered by pine forest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karst Plateau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alongside President Milan Kučan ( who served between 1990 and 2002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan Kučan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The northeastern part of the country is rich with spas , with Rogaška Slatina , Radenci , Čatež ob Savi , Dobrna , and Moravske Toplice growing in importance in the last two decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogaška Slatina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "Radenci", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Čatež ob Savi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Dobrna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "Moravske Toplice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perla in Nova Gorica is the largest casino in the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nova Gorica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two smaller ports used for the international passenger transport as well as cargo transport are located in Izola and Piran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Izola", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Piran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these were directed by Matjaž Klopčič .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matjaž Klopčič", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1620 – 1673 ) , and the violin virtuoso Giuseppe Tartini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giuseppe Tartini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This period saw the rise of musicians like Jacobus Gallus and Jurij Slatkonja .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacobus Gallus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Jurij Slatkonja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The children 's books illustrators include a number of women illustrators , such as Marlenka Stupica , Marija Lucija Stupica , Ančka Gošnik Godec , Marjanca Jemec Božič , and Jelka Reichman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marlenka Stupica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Marija Lucija Stupica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 124]}, {"entity": "Ančka Gošnik Godec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 145]}, {"entity": "Marjanca Jemec Božič", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 168]}, {"entity": "Jelka Reichman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , Mill Creek Entertainment acquired the rights to the series and subsequently released three volume collections which contain 6 episodes each , on September 10 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mill Creek Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Volume 1 \" , released in August 2004 contained the first 2 episodes ( 1 on the VHS ) alongside the \" Freeze Machine \" and \" Land without Feelings \" specials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeze Machine", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [103, 117]}, {"entity": "Land without Feelings", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later managed Feyenoord in 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Feyenoord", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laurent Blanc was signed as his replacement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurent Blanc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected to the Académie française in 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Académie française", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was not drafted until June 1 , 1992 , when he was signed by Detroit in the 3rd round of the amateur draft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first major league hit was a triple on July 22 off Kansas City Royals pitcher Frank DiPino .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "Frank DiPino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first multi-homer game was on May 7 against the Mariners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1998 World Series he batted .", "entity": [{"entity": "1998 World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 9 , 2007 , he was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Indians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 4 , 2007 , he signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On \" Lovely Thunder \" he introduced subtle electronic textures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lovely Thunder", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His thematic 2000 release \" The Room \" saw a return to a more minimalist approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Room", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In later ages , the meaning of \" substance \" became more important because of the dogma of the Eucharist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eucharist", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Thomas Aquinas , beings may possess substance in three different modes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Aquinas", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The idea of substance was famously critiqued by David Hume , who held that since substance cannot be perceived , it should not be assumed to exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five countries were placed on the initial list : Bahrain , China , Iran , Syria , and Vietnam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first breach took place on 13 September 2012 when the newspaper was preparing to publish an article about the fortune amassed by the family of outgoing Prime Minister Wen Jiabao .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wen Jiabao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The installation of mass surveillance cameras in Singapore is an effort to act as a deterrence not only for terror attacks but also for public security such as loan sharks , illegal parking and more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With rising security concerns , the number of CCTV cameras in public areas such as monitoring of the public transport system and commercial / government buildings in Singapore is set to increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2020 , the United Arab Emirates came under renewed questions about mass surveillance amidst the coronavirus outbreak .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Arab Emirates", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its capital , Abu Dhabi was accused of keeping cameras that keep track of the license plates and faces of those passing by them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Dhabi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "State surveillance in the United Kingdom has formed part of the public consciousness since the 19th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also performed extensive analysis of social networks such as Myspace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myspace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the most iconic example of fictional mass surveillance is George Orwell 's 1949 novel \" Nineteen Eighty-Four \" , which depicts a dystopian surveillance state .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Orwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score and soundtrack are composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics penned by Javed Akhtar .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. R. Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Javed Akhtar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the costumes were designed by April Ferry and Neeta Lulla .", "entity": [{"entity": "April Ferry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Neeta Lulla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music for the film was composed by A. R. Rahman while the lyrics were penned by Javed Akhtar .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. R. Rahman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Javed Akhtar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 43 % , based on 7 reviews , with an average rating of 5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 2 , 2007 , he signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released on May 11 , 1999 as the lead single from her debut album \" On the 6 \" ( 1999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "On the 6", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was written by LaShawn Daniels , Cory Rooney , and its producer Rodney Jerkins .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaShawn Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Cory Rooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Rodney Jerkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Jackson had also showed interest in recording it , but he felt that it was better suited for a female singer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then made amends for his miss scoring in the 4 – 1 victory over Newcastle United to bring his total to eight for the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That same year , a drag racing event at the former parking lot marked the beginning of Woodward Dream Cruise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woodward Dream Cruise", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [87, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial designs included a dual stadium complex for both football and baseball ( potentially housing the Detroit Tigers ) that was later scrapped due to high costs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fight aired live on \" HBO World Championship Boxing \" , with an attendance of about 7,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO World Championship Boxing", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dramatic design changes in these instruments began to appear after 1934 when the electric guitar pickup was invented by a steel player named George Beauchamp .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Beauchamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honky-tonk singers who used a lap steel guitar in their musical arrangements included Hank Williams , Lefty Frizzell and Webb Pierce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hank Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Lefty Frizzell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Webb Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pedal system was designed about 1948 by Paul Bigsby , a motorcycle shop foreman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Bigsby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This team perennially had strong forwards and guards , but was constantly weak at center , giving them a disadvantage against the Boston Celtics with their Hall-of-Fame center , Bill Russell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Celtics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "Bill Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "then went on to face the Milwaukee Bucks , and defeated them in six games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee Bucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His interest in boogie-woogie is attributed to his close friendship with Meade Lux Lewis and also his father 's interest in the style .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meade Lux Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also spent much time in self-study , drawing in museums and painting in a studio he shared with James Carroll Beckwith .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Carroll Beckwith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he studied the paintings of Velázquez with a passion , absorbing the master 's technique , and in his travels gathered ideas for future works .", "entity": [{"entity": "Velázquez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He mentored his friend Emil Fuchs who was learning to paint portraits in oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emil Fuchs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "French commissions dried up and he told his friend Edmund Gosse in 1885 that he contemplated giving up painting for music or business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmund Gosse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The double staircase built in 1654 is the design of architect and sculptor Orazio Torriani ( fl. 1602 – 1657 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orazio Torriani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were many friendships with women : it has been suggested that those with his sitters Rosina Ferrara , Amélie Gautreau , and Judith Gautier may have tipped into infatuation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosina Ferrara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Amélie Gautreau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "Judith Gautier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1926 to 1938 he worked as a pianist , often working with Big Joe Turner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Big Joe Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1950 he moved to Buffalo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two sequels were not directed by either Lloyd Kaufman or Michael Herz , but were produced by them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lloyd Kaufman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Michael Herz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film received an approval rating of 20 % based on 5 reviews , with an average rating of 4.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found in Brazil , Paraguay , eastern Bolivia , Peru and northern Argentina , and has become naturalized in Florida among other places .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Bolivia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1921 , he suffered a severe attack of appendicitis , leading to a ruptured appendix and peritonitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "appendicitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "peritonitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poems in this collection won praise from a great variety of writers , among them Arthur Machen , Robinson Jeffers , William Ellery Leonard , John Drinkwater , John Masefield and George Sterling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Machen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "Robinson Jeffers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "William Ellery Leonard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 142]}, {"entity": "John Drinkwater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "John Masefield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "George Sterling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lakes provide a source of drinking water to the city of New Bedford , the largest city in southeastern Massachusetts .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Bedford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other great ponds drain into Narragansett Bay through the Taunton River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Narragansett Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Taunton River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was singing at the age of six onstage on local fairgrounds in Oklahoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oklahoma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She sang occasionally on radio and television and was invited to audition when Arthur Godfrey 's talent show came to town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Godfrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She recounted her autobiography , appeared in medleys of prerecorded songs , and interviewed Pat Boone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name of the campaign had to be changed because of legal action by the Save the Children foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Save the Children", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other television shows that targeted her were \" Designing Women \" and \" The Golden Girls \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Designing Women", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "The Golden Girls", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is used throughout Africa , Southeast Asia , and Oceania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Oceania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The people of Vanuatu cut a large log with \" totem \" type carvings on the outer surface and hollow out the center leaving only a slit down the front .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vanuatu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His partner , Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil , was integral to its success .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the scattered nature of these collections , an effort has been made to create a digital repository through the University of Antwerp .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Antwerp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plateau is undulating with no prominent peak , the highest point being Ben Cleuch at .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Cleuch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1855 he was appointed lecturer in chemistry at the Chester Diocesan Training College .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chester Diocesan Training College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remained for Sir J. J. Thomson to expound on the subatomic nature of cathode rays ( consisting of streams of negative electrons ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. J. Thomson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Batting at the Adelaide Oval he was involved in one of the most unusual \" dismissals \" in cricket history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adelaide Oval", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After being clean-bowled for a duck by Greg Chappell - the ball deviating in mid-air - he was recalled to bat by umpire Colin Egar who signalled dead-ball , literally ; the ball had deflected off a now-deceased unlucky local sparrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Chappell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Colin Egar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also made a minor appearance as himself in the comedy film \" First Kid \" ( 1996 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "First Kid", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He championed the restoration of the Salton Sea , bringing the giant lake 's plight to national attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salton Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had one child , Chaz Bono , born March 4 , 1969 , and divorced in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaz Bono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the US , these devices are typically seen in the vicinity of machines that will not accept paper currency .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to David Denton and George Hirst , he hit the ball harder than any other player of their time ( and they were contemporaries of Gilbert Jessop , one of the harder hitting batsmen of the Golden Age of cricket ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Denton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "George Hirst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Gilbert Jessop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He maintained a solo career alongside a group career , releasing his debut solo album , \" An Old Raincoat Wo n't Ever Let You Down \" in 1969 .", "entity": [{"entity": "An Old Raincoat Wo n't Ever Let You Down", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [90, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this time Hans-Joachim Watzke was appointed CEO and streamlined the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans-Joachim Watzke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club 's management recently indicated that the club again showed a profit ; this was largely related to the sale of David Odonkor to Real Betis and Tomáš Rosický to Arsenal .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Odonkor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "Real Betis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "Tomáš Rosický", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did this three matches before the break , sharing the record for having achieved this earliest with Eintracht Frankfurt ( 1993 – 94 ) and 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eintracht Frankfurt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notable names from the winning roster include Lucas Barrios , Mario Götze , Neven Subotić , Mats Hummels , Robert Lewandowski , Shinji Kagawa , Łukasz Piszczek , Jakub Błaszczykowski , Kevin Großkreutz , Ivan Perišić and İlkay Gündoğan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucas Barrios", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Mario Götze", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Neven Subotić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "Mats Hummels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Robert Lewandowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "Shinji Kagawa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 141]}, {"entity": "Łukasz Piszczek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "Jakub Błaszczykowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 182]}, {"entity": "Kevin Großkreutz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 201]}, {"entity": "Ivan Perišić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 216]}, {"entity": "İlkay Gündoğan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [221, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite such a promising start , however , their season was hampered by injuries to several key players , seeing them stoop as low as fourth place in the table , and with a depleted squad could go only as far as the quarter-finals of the Champions League , losing 3 – 2 on aggregate to Real Madrid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [238, 254]}, {"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [286, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defender Marc Bartra was injured , and taken to hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Bartra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter Stöger was announced as the interim coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Stöger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This name , however , cannot be used when hosting FIFA and UEFA events , since these governing bodies have policies forbidding corporate sponsorship from companies that are not official tournament partners .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "UEFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Zorc as sporting director is responsible for the first team , the coaching staff , the youth and junior section , and scouting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Zorc", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania and at North Carolina State University in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "North Carolina State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1992 and 1993 he gave lectures at Gresham College analysing in detail the claim by Richard Dawkins that belief in God was a kind of mental virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gresham College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "Richard Dawkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hour-long show included games , contests , and interviews with the biggest stars of the time including Lucille Ball and Red Skelton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucille Ball", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Red Skelton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1976 , he and guitarist Larry Coryell recorded and toured as an acoustic duo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry Coryell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1980 s , he toured briefly with Benny Goodman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benny Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was in trio with Didier Lockwood and Christian Escoudé , then in a trio with Chet Baker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Didier Lockwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Christian Escoudé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Chet Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1990 s , he recorded three albums with trumpeter Tom Harrell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Harrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chess would remain a passion of his , and he became acquainted with world chess champions José Raúl Capablanca , whom he beat in a simultaneous exhibition match in 1914 , and Mikhail Botvinnik , with whom he played several matches in the 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "José Raúl Capablanca", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Botvinnik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the age of nine , he was composing his first opera , \" The Giant \" , as well as an overture and various other pieces .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Giant", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also shared classes with the composers Boris Asafyev and Nikolai Myaskovsky , the latter becoming a relatively close and lifelong friend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boris Asafyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Nikolai Myaskovsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began to practice its teachings , which he believed to be beneficial to his health and to his fiery temperament and to which he remained faithful for the rest of his life , according to biographer Simon Morrison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Morrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "85 ) to celebrate Joseph Stalin 's 60th birthday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Stalin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the attribution , the conductor was Aleksandr Gauk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aleksandr Gauk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also a graduate of the London Business School .", "entity": [{"entity": "London Business School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a member of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher 's Policy Unit from 1983 to 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Thatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Policy Unit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He supported Michael Portillo and Michael Howard in their consecutive tenures as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Portillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "Michael Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bhutan has 150 items for both the LDCs and non-LDCs and has no plan of shortening its list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bhutan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nepal has 1,257 for the LDCs and 1,295 for the non-LDCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan had 1,169 in its sensitive list but has cut its sensitive list by 20 % to 936 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sri Lanka has 1,042 and Afghanistan has 1,072 items on the negative list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the four other traditional members of the genus \" Aquila \" have been revealed to be a separate species complex despite showing superficial similarity to the golden eagle group , i.e. being relatively large and long winged with usually dark coloring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aquila", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its call is farther carrying than the “ puppy-like ” one of the golden eagle and is reminiscent in pitch of that of the red-tailed hawk ( \" Buteo jamaicensis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "golden eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "red-tailed hawk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discontinuously , they are now seemingly solely left as breeding bird in Italy on the islands of Sardinia and Sicily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "Sardinia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Sicily", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elsewhere in the Middle East , their range includes eastern Iraq and west , south and northeastern Iran , extending somewhat into Turkmenistan in the Kopet Dag range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "Turkmenistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "Kopet Dag", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Cyprus , rock and common wood pigeons collectively made up 27.7 % of the diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Home ranges in Portugal were estimated to average up to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Cyprus , the mean nearest neighbor distance was with 0.52 - 0.65 pairs per .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , up to 52 tree nests for the species have now been recorded in southwest Portugal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean fledgling success on Cyprus was found to be 1.44 per pair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyprus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Gujarat , India , an analysis from the 1990 s determined that the species was increasingly scarce due to human disturbance and logging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gujarat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Sicily , the main threats are thought to be habitat fragmentation and intensifying agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sicily", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead poisoning from bullets in injured small game , which have been associated with high lead levels in eagle feathers in several parts of their range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lead poisoning", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two memorials have been erected at the location , now called the Rogers-Post Site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogers-Post Site", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stories center on vampires who take advantage of month-long annual polar night in the town to openly kill and feed at will , massacring most of the townspeople .", "entity": [{"entity": "polar night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was ranked as the # 21 ranked basketball recruit in the country by ESPN for the class of 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important species is caraway ( \" C. carvi \" ) , the seeds of which are widely used as a culinary spice .", "entity": [{"entity": "caraway", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Carum bulbocastanum \" is nowadays placed in \" Bunium \" and usually synonymized with \" Bunium persicum \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bunium", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Bunium persicum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is best known for his complex , lyrically dense songwriting , apparent on the critically lauded album \" In the Aeroplane Over the Sea \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "In the Aeroplane Over the Sea", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [107, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It lies northwest of Kotzebue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kotzebue", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He defeated Houston Astros outfielder Lance Berkman ( who would later become his teammate ) 5 – 4 in the final round of the contest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Lance Berkman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both records were broken the following year in Detroit by Bobby Abreu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Bobby Abreu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name \" stringology \" was coined in 1984 by computer scientist Zvi Galil for the issue of algorithms and data structures used for string processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zvi Galil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an orange K-type giant star with an apparent magnitude of + 3.59 and is about 169 light-years from the Earth / solar system .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is traditionally depicted as one of the two northern , far upper ends of the mythological , chained-to-the-rocks princess , the other being binary star system Gamma Andromedae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gamma Andromedae", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At an estimated age of 1.7 \" billion years , this is an evolved red giant star with a stellar classification of .", "entity": [{"entity": "red giant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent paradox formed part of a dispute over the nature of infinity involving many of the key thinkers of the time including Thomas Hobbes , John Wallis and Galileo Galilei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Hobbes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "John Wallis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "Galileo Galilei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a cousin of later president Carlos Lleras Restrepo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlos Lleras Restrepo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1929 , he was elected deputy assemblyman on the Bogotá city council , his first entrance into politics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bogotá", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , eagles , a protected species , have been known to occasionally attack and kill young livestock on ranches .", "entity": [{"entity": "eagles", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , there have been multiple incidents where hawks have attacked and killed small farm poultry and pets .", "entity": [{"entity": "hawks", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phrase has also been used in reference to mad cow disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "mad cow disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction and BLM emergency firefighting provide summer jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state-owned Allakaket Airport has a gravel runway and is accessible year-round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allakaket Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine ( B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "thiamine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as parliamentary assistant to Premier Maurice Duplessis in 1955 and Deputy House Speaker from 1955 to 1958 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maurice Duplessis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was released five months after the death of Robin Harris and is dedicated to his memory , and is his penultimate acting role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robin Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is notable for its soundtrack as being the debut film score for John Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was later featured as a movie mocked by \" Mystery Science Theater 3000 \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mystery Science Theater 3000", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly afterwards , in 1973 , he received an offer from Olimpia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olimpia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next year , he traveled to Beijing in the spring and passed its provincial exam , becoming a \" juren \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story \" The Yellow Wallpaper \" , which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Yellow Wallpaper", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "postpartum psychosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oliver Cromwell had died just a few years before , creating a period of civil unrest and a large power vacuum to be filled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oliver Cromwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wind was driving the fire westward , so he ordered the boat to go to Whitehall and became the first person to inform the king of the fire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whitehall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accepting this advice , the king told him to go to Lord Mayor Thomas Bloodworth and tell him to start pulling down houses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Bloodworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1665 and served as its President from 1 December 1684 to 30 November 1686 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second transcription , done with the benefit of the key , but often less accurately , was completed in 1875 by Mynors Bright and published in 1875 – 1879 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mynors Bright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Henry B. Wheatley , drawing on both his predecessors , produced a new edition in 1893 – 1899 , revised in 1926 , with extensive notes and an index .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry B. Wheatley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" , in which Peter Sallis played the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Sallis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" star and crescent \" ( ☪ ) is an iconographic symbol used in various historical contexts , but is best known as a symbol of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottoman Empire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If any goddess had a connection with the walls in Constantinople , it was Hecate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constantinople", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Hecate", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The moon-goddess Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon , often accompanied by two stars ( the stars represent Phosphorus , the morning star , and Hesperus , the evening star ) ; sometimes , instead of a crescent , a lunar disc is used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selene", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Phosphorus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "Hesperus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , she was a contestant on season 24 of \" Dancing with the Stars \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dancing with the Stars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was paired with professional dancer Artem Chigvintsev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Artem Chigvintsev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced at third by Nick Punto .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Punto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 14 , 2007 , he signed a minor-league deal with the Washington Nationals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scouted for the St. Louis Cardinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After being drafted in 2009 and playing in the minor leagues for the San Diego Padres for two seasons , he accepted a role as the bullpen catcher for the major league team in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died in July 1994 after a stroke , at her husband 's home in the village of Ilmington , near Shipston-on-Stour , Warwickshire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ilmington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "Shipston-on-Stour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "Warwickshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It possesses a streaked back , somewhat resembling a small house sparrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "house sparrow", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song is rapid , thin and tinkling , a sweet warble which can be confused with that of the Eurasian wren , but is shorter and weaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eurasian wren", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were signed to Psychopathic Records from 1997 , where they remained until they announced their departure on December 12 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Psychopathic Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opened in 1974 , it is located in Roissy-en-France , 23 \" km ( 14 \" mi ) northeast of Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roissy-en-France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named after statesman Charles de Gaulle ( 1890 – 1970 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles de Gaulle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Houalla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main architect was Paul Andreu , who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Andreu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his major league debut in the third game of the season against the Montreal Expos , and pitched 3.1 innings of scoreless ball .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Expos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pitched five innings of shutout ball to defeat Jon Matlack and the New York Mets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jon Matlack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not allow an earned run until his sixth appearance of the season , against the San Francisco Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first major league save was an impressive six out save , in which he struck out four of the six Pittsburgh Pirates batters he faced to secure the 1 – 0 victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He struck out Terry Harmon , and got Bob Boone to hit a weak pop up to first base to escape the inning , then pitched two more scoreless innings to earn his second win of the season , and lower his ERA to 0.93 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Harmon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Bob Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He entered a 3 – 3 tie with the Atlanta Braves with Hank Aaron at bat and the bases loaded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Hank Aaron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Milner 's RBI double brought the score to 2 – 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Milner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His record stood at an even 7 – 7 when he defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 22 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His ERA ballooned to 5.56 by the time manager Jim Fanning moved him into the bullpen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Fanning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the off season , he was traded to the Oakland Athletics for outfielder Rusty McNealy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "Rusty McNealy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pitched a four-hit shutout over the Minnesota Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1992 , he became the bullpen coach of the Texas Rangers , and also worked in their front office and minor league systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From there , he moved to the Detroit Tigers organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned a bachelor 's degree in history in 1972 from the University of Dubuque , which he attended on a wrestling scholarship .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Dubuque", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a role in the TV drama \" Family Law \" from 2000 until 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Family Law", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored on his debut in the 2 – 1 defeat at Everton on 11 August 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored what proved to be the winning goal on his debut against Plymouth Argyle on 13 September 2008 from a free-kick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth Argyle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the only synagogue designed by famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright , who accepted the commission in September 1953 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A film adaptation , directed by Peter Jackson , who personally purchased the rights , was released in 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Director Peter Jackson secured the book 's film rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black lists his comedic influences as George Carlin , Lenny Bruce , Richard Pryor , Lily Tomlin , Bob Newhart and Shelley Berman .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Carlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Lenny Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Richard Pryor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Lily Tomlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "Bob Newhart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Shelley Berman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before he was well-known , he taught privately in Novosibirsk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novosibirsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Canada , a \" penny \" is a coin worth one cent , or of a dollar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This campaign is commemorated by his continued appearance on the front of all notes issued by the Bank of Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of Scotland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The image on the 2007 series of banknotes is based on the portrait by Henry Raeburn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Raeburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After retiring from his playing career , he became the assistant coach for the New Jersey Devils .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey Devils", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He struggled to make an impact in his solitary season at Roots Hall and left for Hereford United , for whom he made 52 league appearances and scored 18 goals in a two-season-long spell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roots Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Hereford United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 24 league appearances for the Shropshire club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shropshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined A.F.C. Sudbury on a one-year deal on 15 August 2012 , however he played only eight games before being released on 25 September 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A.F.C. Sudbury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of January he signed for Maldon & Tiptree , but left he club soon afterwards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maldon & Tiptree", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insufficient amounts of phenylalanine hydroxylase result in phenylketonuria , a metabolic disorder that leads to intellectual deficits unless treated by dietary manipulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylketonuria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High levels of catecholamines can also be caused by monoamine oxidase A ( MAO-A ) deficiency , known as Brunner syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brunner syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute porphyria can cause elevated catecholamines .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine testing for catecholamine is used to detect pheochromocytoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "pheochromocytoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been projected as the first overall pick for nearly two years and had earned comparisons to Mario Lemieux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Lemieux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also went on to break Luc Robitaille 's record for most goals by a left winger in one season on 3 April , by scoring two goals for his 64th and 65th of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luc Robitaille", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the sixth fastest player to ever reach that mark , getting it in 634 games , one less than Pavel Bure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pavel Bure", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He extended the record again in December in an overtime win against the Anaheim Ducks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anaheim Ducks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marcel Dionne , the previous holder of the record , required 184 more games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcel Dionne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next notable incident happened on 19 March 2009 , in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa Bay Lightning", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subsidiary was founded in 1998 following a strategy pioneered by Citigroup that combines corporate lending with investment banking advice and services .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citigroup", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was succeeded by Fife Symington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fife Symington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a coping mechanism that does not require delusions of reality , which makes it more plausible than some alternatives ( denial , sublimation , projection , etc . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sublimation", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" black-whiskered vireo \" ( \" Vireo altiloquus \" ) is a small passerine bird , which breeds in southern Florida , USA , and the West Indies as far south as the offshore islands of Venezuela .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "USA", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a partial migrant , with northern birds wintering from the Greater Antilles to northern South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greater Antilles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species has occurred as a rare vagrant to Costa Rica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Costa Rica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species is similar to red-eyed vireo , but is duller and browner above , and is best distinguished by the black whisker mark .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-eyed vireo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "barbatulus \" is shorter-billed by 15 % than the northern Caribbean subspecies \" V. a .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caribbean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the term \" sociobiology \" originated at least as early as the 1940 s , the concept did not gain major recognition until the publication of E. O. Wilson 's book \" Sociobiology : The New Synthesis \" in 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "E. O. Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Sociobiology : The New Synthesis", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [168, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critics , led by Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould , argued that genes played a role in human behavior , but that traits such as aggressiveness could be explained by social environment rather than by biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Lewontin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Stephen Jay Gould", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A quantitative description of infanticide by male harem-mating animals when the alpha male is displaced as well as rodent female infanticide and fetal resorption are active areas of study .", "entity": [{"entity": "rodent", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , females with more bearing opportunities may value offspring less , and may also arrange bearing opportunities to maximize the food and protection from mates .", "entity": [{"entity": "food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just as an expansion of a sheep population might encourage the expansion of a wolf population , an expansion of altruistic traits within a gene pool may also encourage increasing numbers of individuals with dependent traits .", "entity": [{"entity": "sheep", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Sam Shepard , and Tom Hardy in his first film role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josh Hartnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Ewan McGregor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Eric Bana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Tom Sizemore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "William Fichtner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "Sam Shepard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "Tom Hardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the filmmakers considered filming in Jordan , they found the city of Amman too built up and landlocked .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Amman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 76 % based on 172 reviews , with an average rating of 6.96 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a radio interview , Brendan Sexton , an actor who briefly appeared in the movie , said the version of the film which made it onto theater screens significantly differed from the one recounted in the original script .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brendan Sexton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The continental United States is divided into six sectors , each with its own bases and major cities .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the youth ranks of Watford , and made his league début in the closing stages of the 1991 – 92 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned intermittently in the autumn of 2002 , but after picking up another injury was sent on loan to Northampton Town for a month in February 2003 to gain fitness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northampton Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2004 he was loaned to Milton Keynes Dons for whom he played three times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milton Keynes Dons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the following seasons , he was overshadowed by Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Bossy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Wayne Gretzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The article also failed to block a new article from being added that excludes president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi from the two consecutive terms constraint , enabling him to run for a third term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abdel Fattah el-Sisi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A live-action television adaptation , \" Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon \" , aired from 2003 to 2004 , and a second anime series , \" Sailor Moon Crystal \" , began simulcasting in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 67]}, {"entity": "Sailor Moon Crystal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [128, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final incarnation of the first run , , went on stage in January 2005 , following which , Bandai officially put the series on a hiatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bandai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its 49 episodes were broadcast on Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting from October 4 , 2003 to September 25 , 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His nephew , Sergei Slonimsky became a composer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergei Slonimsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Los Angeles in 1995 , at the age of 101 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the earliest times Greenwich has had associations with the sea and navigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late August 2018 , several groups were vying for the right to purchase the 5,500 relics that were an asset of the bankrupt Premier Exhibitions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Premier Exhibitions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gardens immediately to the north of the museum were reinstated in the late 1870 s following construction of the cut-and-cover tunnel between Greenwich and Maze Hill stations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "Maze Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In \" The Crack-Up \" , F. Scott Fitzgerald penned his famous line , \" In a real dark night of the soul it is always three o'clock in the morning \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Crack-Up", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian singer Loreena McKennitt set the poem to music on her album \" The Mask and Mirror \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Loreena McKennitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "The Mask and Mirror", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 29 September 2007 , he scored his first goal of the season in a 3 – 0 defeat of Lens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 20 January 2010 , he scored twice in a 3 – 1 win at Lorient .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorient", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 32 appearances in Ligue 1 without scoring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ligue 1", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , he managed in Mexico in all or parts of eight seasons spanning 1946 – 1956 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1918 , he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds , with whom he played the next 12 seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 23 , 2006 , the film was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment digitally remastered from the original 35 mm film and presented with 5.1 surround sound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paramount Home Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A loft header over Juve 's goalkeeper Angelo Peruzzi brought a 3 – 2 win for Monaco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Angelo Peruzzi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Monaco", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was determined to change the ingrained way of football club presidency in Croatia with an every day active role in the club throughout daily conversation with both football players and football coaches while taking care of sports management section as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Croatia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club financial situation at the moment of takeover was briefly consolidated due to previous Domagoj Vida transfer to Bayer Leverkusen worth HRK17 , 000,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Domagoj Vida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "Bayer Leverkusen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , club academy board decided to transfer young Špehar from cadet age to junior age team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Špehar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his line of work , he was the one who proposed and signed the contracts with potential new players or renewing the old ones , but in this case , as he was a players father , he made an exception allowing Žitnjak and Karačić to propose signing only on account of players skills and talent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Žitnjak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 214]}, {"entity": "Karačić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a successful accomplishment of his coaching school he decided to accept the bench of local low-league club NK Višnjevac for his first job as football coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "NK Višnjevac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then spent as many years in neighbouring Norway with Stabæk Fotball .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Stabæk Fotball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 4 September 2006 he was one of three international players sent home for breaking a curfew during a night out , the other two being Olof Mellberg and Zlatan Ibrahimović .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olof Mellberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Zlatan Ibrahimović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of that year , the company moved its headquarters from Mountain View to Sunnyvale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mountain View", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Sunnyvale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1000-series machines were designed around the Multibus standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Multibus", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", translated by Louisa Stuart Costello , was set to music by Edward Elgar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louisa Stuart Costello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "Edward Elgar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His subsequent return to Orléans was marked by a splendid celebration organised by the citizens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orléans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died at Amboise in his 71st year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amboise", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was co-composed by Hayato Matsuo , Masaharu Iwata and Hitoshi Sakimoto , all returning from previous entries in the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hayato Matsuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Masaharu Iwata", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Hitoshi Sakimoto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , he joined Rosario Central and in 2005 he moved to Chacarita Juniors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosario Central", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Chacarita Juniors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was one of relatively few alto saxophonists of this era to retain a distinctive style , when Charlie Parker exerted a massive influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His greatest influences at the time were the swing big bands he and his brother listened to on the radio ; hearing Benny Goodman on the radio was what prodded him to ask for a clarinet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benny Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1945 and 1947 , he worked intermittently with Jerry Wald .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Wald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1946 , he met pianist Lennie Tristano , and the two men worked together in a small cocktail bar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lennie Tristano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His next substantial work was with Claude Thornhill in 1947 with Gil Evans arranging and Gerry Mulligan as a composer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude Thornhill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Gil Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Gerry Mulligan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His debut as leader also came in 1949 with tracks collected on the album \" Subconscious-Lee \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subconscious-Lee", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were founded by Conrad Beissel ( 1690 – 1768 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conrad Beissel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of filter began to be used in Israel to filter irrigation water in the 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut against Leicester Fosse on 2 September 1899 , and for the next six seasons he was a regular at the club , playing either at left back or wing half .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester Fosse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Established in 1993 , the prize was first awarded to Nelson Mandela .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelson Mandela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 12 , 2001 , he gave up Alex Rodriguez ' 200th home run .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alex Rodriguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also hit his first major league home run on June 18 , 2006 , off Cincinnati Reds pitcher Esteban Yan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Esteban Yan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further alterations were carried out , including a restoration by George Gilbert Scott in 1862 – 64 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Gilbert Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later , they contacted her to invite her to join their band as a singer and pianist on their next album , \" The Seeds of Love \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Seeds of Love", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [118, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his major league debut on June 30 , 1999 , against the Oakland Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went on to throw 14 innings in which he only allowed 1 run and struck out a career-high 5 batters against the Cincinnati Reds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that game , he tossed 1.2 scoreless innings and struck out three batters in the 14 inning win over the Houston Astros .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as a term of its lease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willis Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system would prove highly influential in skyscraper construction and has been used in most supertall buildings since , including the world 's current tallest building , the Burj Khalifa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burj Khalifa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This loan would mature in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mature", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 12 , 2007 , the Burj Khalifa in Dubai was reported by its developers to have surpassed the tower in all height categories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burj Khalifa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Dubai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point the team travels through Chicago and the tower is shown ( erroneously , since construction did not begin on the tower until two years later in 1971 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the Chicago White Sox , Philadelphia Phillies and the San Francisco Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drafted by the New York Mets , he elected to go to college instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish species in the lake include lake trout , rainbow trout , brown trout , landlocked salmon , largemouth bass , smallmouth bass , northern pike , pickerel , and yellow perch .", "entity": [{"entity": "rainbow trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "brown trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "largemouth bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "smallmouth bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "northern pike", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "pickerel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "yellow perch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a major suburb of Phoenix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The San Diego Padres and Seattle Mariners utilize the complex year-round for spring training and player development .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Friday , April 9 , 1982 , his number 10 was hung from the rafters at the Boston Garden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In between , the trunkline runs through rural sections of the northeastern Lower Peninsula including state and national forest areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lower Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It runs concurrently with three other state highways , sharing pavement to connect through several small communities of Northern Michigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "North of that unincorporated community , the highway curves northeast , east and back north to cross into Montmorency County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montmorency County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highway passes near the Atlanta Municipal Airport as it enters the community .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Municipal Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather the \" lowest common denominator \" , Dean Rusk , was chosen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dean Rusk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had served as a member of the council of the Trades Union Congress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trades Union Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This filibuster was instrumental in delaying the privatisation until after the 1983 general election , but with Margaret Thatcher obtaining a massive parliamentary majority the privatisation was soon forced through under a guillotine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Thatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a hemisphere 's fall , winter , and spring , the atmosphere over continents can be cold enough through the depth of the troposphere to cause snowfall .", "entity": [{"entity": "fall", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is owned by Stephens Media LLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephens Media LLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to his homeland for a second time , being about to play for Boca Juniors but he finally could not debut with the team due to a heart failure detected by the doctors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boca Juniors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The university opened in 1865 after the American Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus is native to the northern part of South America and Panama .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , his speech was booed by anti-war supporters of Bernie Sanders who protested his war record .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernie Sanders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He boiled the needles of the arbor vitae tree ( eastern white cedar ) to make a tea that was later shown to contain 50 \" mg of vitamin C per 100 \" grams .", "entity": [{"entity": "arbor vitae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1601 , Captain James Lancaster , while sailing to Sumatra , landed on the northern coast to specifically obtain lemons and oranges for his crew to stop scurvy .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Lancaster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Sumatra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1593 , Admiral Sir Richard Hawkins advocated drinking orange and lemon juice as a means of preventing scurvy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Hawkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ideas received wide and influential backing , when James Cook set off to circumnavigate the world ( 1768 – 1771 ) in , malt and wort were top of the list of the remedies he was ordered to investigate .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Cook", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After three days at Guam all five were healthy again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was reinforced by the writings of experts like Gilbert Blane and Thomas Trotter and by the reports of up-and-coming naval commanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gilbert Blane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Thomas Trotter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plant \" Cochlearia officinalis \" , also known as \" common scurvygrass \" , acquired its common name from the observation that it cured scurvy , and it was taken on board ships in dried bundles or distilled extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cochlearia officinalis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [12, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the early 20th century , when Robert Falcon Scott made his first expedition to the Antarctic ( 1901 – 1904 ) , the prevailing theory was that scurvy was caused by \" ptomaine poisoning \" , particularly in tinned meat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Falcon Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "Antarctic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These make up one of two major primate suborders , haplorrhini , and this group includes humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "primate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ascorbic acid is also not synthesized by at least two species of caviidae , the capybara and the guinea pig .", "entity": [{"entity": "capybara", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "guinea pig", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It developed from a guitar riff played by Jimmy Page , while the rest of the band wrote the song around it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Page", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Singer Robert Plant could not receive a songwriting credit owing to a previous record contract , and consequently it was credited simply to the other three band members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Plant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the \" Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions \" , released in 1997 , this song was featured three times , each with a slightly different improvisation by the group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [9, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The house was built by architect A.C. Schweinfurth for William Randolph Hearst in 1898 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A.C. Schweinfurth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "William Randolph Hearst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estate was built upon a rancheria obtained in 1886 by George Hearst , who intended to use the location for a race horse farm .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Hearst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fault crosses into Oman from the north and runs southward to the center of the Arabian Peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Arabian Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Game Informer \" named it the 79th best game ever made in 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Game Informer", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dense forests still came down to the water 's edge and the lake drained into Salmon Bay through a stream \" full of windfalls and brush , impassable even for a canoe \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salmon Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Running through the north portion of the site was Burlington Northern Railroad ’s - wide right-of-way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burlington Northern Railroad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Park advocates led by Myrtle Edwards prevailed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myrtle Edwards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is given five or six weeks , until Chinese New Year , to comply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese New Year", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A member of New Democracy , he has been its president since 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Democracy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the son of former Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Konstantinos Mitsotakis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 , he graduated from Athens College .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athens College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The freeway sections connect and serve the agriculture and industry of the California Central Valley , connecting agricultural production with processing and packing businesses .", "entity": [{"entity": "California Central Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name of the city is a portmanteau of California and Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed coach at Crawley Town in May 2011 and twice became caretaker manager of the club in 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crawley Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed for the club as a schoolboy , but was not offered professional terms by then manager Jim McLean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He linked up again with Jimmy Calderwood , who had been his manager at Dunfermline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Calderwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Dunfermline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was retained as a coach when Sean O'Driscoll was appointed manager in May 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean O'Driscoll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a great respect for poet and musician Rabindranath Tagore who influenced him in many ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rabindranath Tagore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The style eventually became an essential feature of his singing and was inspired by Jimmie Rodgers and Tex Morton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmie Rodgers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Tex Morton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once , producer-director H. S. Rawail , who owed him some money , visited his flat to pay the dues .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. S. Rawail", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is geographically located in the San Gabriel Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Gabriel Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species is almost identical to its relatives the November moth and autumnal moth and it is almost impossible to identify them without examination of the genitalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "November moth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "autumnal moth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , although melanism occurs regularly in this species it is less prevalent than in the November moth .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The all-time regular-season attendance record is 62,517 , set against the Saskatchewan Roughriders on September 26 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saskatchewan Roughriders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "357 besting runner up Stan Musial 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Musial", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a campaign mode where the player does battle against a computer team led by Lucifer across four maps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucifer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food is consumed in order to regain movement points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Passiflora edulis , \" commonly known as \" passion fruit \" , is a vine species of passion flower native to southern Brazil through Paraguay and northern Argentina .", "entity": [{"entity": "vine", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The north and south boundaries of the town are Los Angeles International Airport and Manhattan Beach , with the Pacific Ocean as the western boundary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 80]}, {"entity": "Manhattan Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Pacific Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interior of the mansion has a center-hall floorplan , ceilings of and ash wood flooring throughout .", "entity": [{"entity": "ash wood", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Special Christmas candlelight tours are offered during the holiday season each year in which the mansion is decorated for the holiday and is lit by candlelight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written by playwright Paul Green .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other musicals have included \" The Wizard of Oz \" , and \" All Shook Up \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Wizard of Oz", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "All Shook Up", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Buxus \" is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buxaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Cydalima perspectalis \" which can devastate a box hedge within a short time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cydalima perspectalis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other woods used for this purpose are rosewood and ebony .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosewood", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is Albert Einstein 's general theory of relativity , a theory that explains the force of gravity and the structure of spacetime at the macro-level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This understanding changed in 1995 when Edward Witten suggested that the five theories were just special limiting cases of an eleven-dimensional theory called M-theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Witten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1978 , work by Werner Nahm showed that the maximum spacetime dimension in which one can formulate a consistent supersymmetric theory is eleven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Werner Nahm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One important example of a matrix model is the BFSS matrix model proposed by Tom Banks , Willy Fischler , Stephen Shenker , and Leonard Susskind in 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Willy Fischler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Stephen Shenker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 121]}, {"entity": "Leonard Susskind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a paper from 1998 , Alain Connes , Michael R. Douglas , and Albert Schwarz showed that some aspects of matrix models and M-theory are described by a noncommutative quantum field theory , a special kind of physical theory in which spacetime is described mathematically using noncommutative geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alain Connes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Michael R. Douglas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "Albert Schwarz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an article appearing in 2005 , Đàm Thanh Sơn and his collaborators showed that the AdS / CFT correspondence could be used to understand some aspects of the quark–gluon plasma by describing it in the language of string theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Đàm Thanh Sơn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some condensed matter theorists including Subir Sachdev hope that the AdS / CFT correspondence will make it possible to describe these systems in the language of string theory and learn more about their behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Subir Sachdev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A celebrated result of nineteenth-century mathematicians Arthur Cayley and George Salmon states that there are exactly 27 straight lines that lie entirely on such a surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Cayley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "George Salmon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1970 s , mathematicians John McKay and John Thompson noticed that certain numbers arising in the analysis of the monster group ( namely , the dimensions of its irreducible representations ) are related to numbers that appear in a formula for the - function ( namely , the coefficients of its Fourier series ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McKay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "John Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This relationship was further developed by John Horton Conway and Simon Norton who called it monstrous moonshine because it seemed so far fetched .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Horton Conway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Simon Norton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the structures reintroduced by string theory arose for the first time much earlier as part of the program of classical unification started by Albert Einstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first person to add a fifth dimension to a theory of gravity was Gunnar Nordström in 1914 , who noted that gravity in five dimensions describes both gravity and electromagnetism in four .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gunnar Nordström", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Claud Lovelace calculated a loop amplitude , and noted that there is an inconsistency unless the dimension of the theory is 26 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claud Lovelace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1969 – 70 , Yoichiro Nambu , Holger Bech Nielsen , and Leonard Susskind recognized that the theory could be given a description in space and time in terms of strings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yoichiro Nambu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Holger Bech Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "Leonard Susskind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1971 , Pierre Ramond added fermions to the model , which led him to formulate a two-dimensional supersymmetry to cancel the wrong-sign states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Ramond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Schwarz and André Neveu added another sector to the fermi theory a short time later .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Schwarz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "André Neveu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stanley Mandelstam formulated a world sheet conformal theory for both the bose and fermi case , giving a two-dimensional field theoretic path-integral to generate the operator formalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Mandelstam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michio Kaku and Keiji Kikkawa gave a different formulation of the bosonic string , as a string field theory , with infinitely many particle types and with fields taking values not on points , but on loops and curves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michio Kaku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Keiji Kikkawa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1974 , Tamiaki Yoneya discovered that all the known string theories included a massless spin-two particle that obeyed the correct Ward identities to be a graviton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tamiaki Yoneya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same year , Alexander Polyakov gave the theory a modern path integral formulation , and went on to develop conformal field theory extensively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Polyakov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1980 s , Edward Witten discovered that most theories of quantum gravity could not accommodate chiral fermions like the neutrino .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Witten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led him , in collaboration with Luis Álvarez-Gaumé , to study violations of the conservation laws in gravity theories with anomalies , concluding that type I string theories were inconsistent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Álvarez-Gaumé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "anomalies", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , David Gross , Jeffrey Harvey , Emil Martinec , and Ryan Rohm discovered heterotic strings .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Gross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Jeffrey Harvey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Emil Martinec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Ryan Rohm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cumrun Vafa generalized T-duality from circles to arbitrary manifolds , creating the mathematical field of mirror symmetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cumrun Vafa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daniel Friedan , Emil Martinec and Stephen Shenker further developed the covariant quantization of the superstring using conformal field theory techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Friedan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Emil Martinec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Stephen Shenker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stephen Shenker showed it diverged much faster than in field theory suggesting that new non-perturbative objects were missing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Shenker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990 s , Joseph Polchinski discovered that the theory requires higher-dimensional objects , called D-branes and identified these with the black-hole solutions of supergravity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Polchinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M-theory was also foreshadowed in the work of Paul Townsend at approximately the same time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Townsend", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is noted for its unique organic architecture and location on cliffs above the Pacific Ocean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though once slated for development including the projected route of Crenshaw Boulevard , the area is geologically unstable and is unsuitable for building .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crenshaw Boulevard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is commonly used in the state of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karnataka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Tamil Nadu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normally nutmeg is used as a flavoring along the coast which is replaced by cardamom or sometimes both elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "nutmeg", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "cardamom", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Varieties of opputtu are available throughout the Deccan states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deccan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , NBC announced they were developing a TV series based on the film , but the project was later put on hold .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator website , reports that 48 % of critics have given it a positive review , based on 21 reviews , with an average rating of 4.78 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are capable of breeding all year long , unlike the red fox , although they typically have offspring in the months from October to January .", "entity": [{"entity": "red fox", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They often succumb to diseases such as rabies and canine distemper , and in more recent times have started to become victims of traps set out for problem animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabies", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "canine distemper", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some may be mistaken for jackals and held responsible for livestock losses .", "entity": [{"entity": "jackals", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay was written by Mark Hanna , and the original music score was composed by Ronald Stein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Hanna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Ronald Stein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mid-1980 s , filmmaker Jim Wynorski considered doing a remake with Sybil Danning in the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Wynorski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Sybil Danning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daryl Hannah produced the film and starred in the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daryl Hannah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late 2011 , Roger Corman produced a 3D film titled \" Attack of the 50 Foot Cheerleader \" , released on August 25 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Corman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Attack of the 50 Foot Cheerleader", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family moved to Aarhus , where he studied violin in his youth , and in his mid-teens began playing clarinet and alto saxophone , focusing on the latter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aarhus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having impressed , his move was made permanent by Alan Curbishley in November 2003 , after a £ 100,000 fee was agreed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Curbishley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved to West Bromwich Albion in July 2006 , and made his debut a month later in a 2 – 0 win over Hull City .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 32]}, {"entity": "Hull City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 27 March 2008 he joined Southampton on loan for the rest of the season as a replacement for Andrew Davies , who broke his cheekbone and was ruled out for the remainder of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "Andrew Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was expected to go straight into the squad and make his debut against Cardiff City on 29 March .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary component has a stellar classification of G8 \" III , which indicates it is a giant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His older brother John O'Rourke and his son James \" Queenie \" O'Rourke also played in the majors .", "entity": [{"entity": "John O'Rourke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "James \" Queenie \" O'Rourke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars the voices of Will Smith , Robert De Niro , Renée Zellweger , Angelina Jolie , Jack Black , and Martin Scorsese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Will Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Renée Zellweger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "Angelina Jolie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Jack Black", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Martin Scorsese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , it grossed $ 160,861,908 in North America and $ 206,413,111 internationally , bringing its worldwide total to $ 367,275,019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later became the manager of the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A childhood leg injury deferred him from military service in World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is commonly played in the Middle East and North Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "North Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geologically , the archipelago is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world , producing many volcanoes , especially in Java , Sumatra and the Lesser Sunda Islands region , where most volcanoes over 3,000 m ( 9,843 ft ) are situated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "Sumatra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "Lesser Sunda Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Doug was a major league catcher in the 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doug", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother , who boxed under the name Frankie Campbell , died of a cerebral hemorrhage following a 1930 match with Max Baer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frankie Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Max Baer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That year , he also broke Zack Wheat 's club record of 131 career home runs ( Gil Hodges surpassed his final total of 139 in , and Duke Snider broke his mark for left-handed batters later the same year ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zack Wheat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Gil Hodges", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Duke Snider", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant communities include creosote and sagebrush at lower altitudes , and bristlecone pine forests at higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "creosote", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "sagebrush", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "bristlecone pine", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of rare and endemic plants are adapted to the unique limestone soils of the mountains , including the cliffdweller , bristlecone cryptantha , and Inyo rock daisy .", "entity": [{"entity": "bristlecone cryptantha", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [126, 148]}, {"entity": "Inyo rock daisy", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 1945 he was appointed as a civil servant by prime-minister Willem Schermerhorn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willem Schermerhorn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died on July 19 , 1955 in Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , he was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the seventh round of the draft and was signed to a deal shortly thereafter .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lived in Buenos Aires before his brother Will was born .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Will", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several other celebrities and athletes participated , such as Matt Bonner of the San Antonio Spurs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Bonner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "San Antonio Spurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Council member and law professor John Heilman is the city 's longest-serving council member ( having served almost continuously since November 1984 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Heilman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gay Liberation Front organized a zap of the restaurant on February 7 , 1970 , to push for its removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gay Liberation Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A resident drew national attention during the 2008 presidential campaign by including a Sarah Palin mannequin hung in effigy in a Halloween display .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Palin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Halloween", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The home 's decorations also featured a doll of John McCain surrounded by decorative flames in the chimney .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McCain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some residents complained about the display as a hate crime , but the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department concluded the display did not violate any laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1906 , he was a governor of Gresham 's School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gresham 's School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cousin , James Bethune-Baker , is also buried in the cemetery .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Bethune-Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Founding members Thurston Moore ( guitar , vocals ) , Kim Gordon ( bass , vocals , guitar ) and Lee Ranaldo ( guitar , vocals ) remained together for the entire history of the band , while Steve Shelley ( drums ) followed a series of short-term drummers in 1985 , rounding out the core line-up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thurston Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Kim Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Lee Ranaldo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Steve Shelley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [189, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , produced by John Agnello , was released on June 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Agnello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the band have also maintained relationships with other avant-garde artists from other genres and even other media , drawing influence from the work of John Cage and Henry Cowell .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Cage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "Henry Cowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later graduated from New York University .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He starred alongside Diana Coupland in the 1970 s sitcom \" Bless This House \" until his death in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diana Coupland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Bless This House", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bruce Forsyth described him as \" a natural at being natural \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Forsyth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon moving to the UK later in life , he claimed various previous occupations , including diamond cutter , dance tutor and boxer ; in reality , he had trained and worked as a hairdresser .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was at a hairdressing salon in Kroonstad , Orange Free State , that he met his first wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kroonstad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Orange Free State", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through this group , he gained work with the South African Broadcasting Corporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "South African Broadcasting Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a while though , it had looked as if his commitment elsewhere might end his work with Tony Hancock , one of the most popular television comedians of the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Hancock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comedy-drama rather than a sitcom , it was created by Ted Willis , but although it ran to two series , the programme was not particularly successful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actress Olga Lowe thought that he was playing a practical joke at first when he failed to reply to her dialogue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olga Lowe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During her childhood her father managed the Latin Quarter nightclub .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin Quarter", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her second husband was Lee Guber , theatrical producer and theater owner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Guber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after the article appeared , she received a letter from Doubleday expressing interest in expanding it into a book .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doubleday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a 7-year baseball career , he played from 2002 to 2008 for the Cleveland Indians , Seattle Mariners , and the Texas Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his professional career by reaching base safely in each of his first 44 games , three short of the all-time record held by Alvin Davis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alvin Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other big league players on the album included Jimmy Rollins , Sean Casey and Ozzie Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Rollins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Sean Casey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Ozzie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the far shore of the Golden Gate strait would remain largely wilderness for another half-century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden Gate", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This era came to an end in May 1937 with the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden Gate Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city won the lawsuit in 1970 , and the land was transferred as open space to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden Gate National Recreation Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It retains one of the few ungated marinas in the Bay Area that attracts visitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The humming toadfish makes mating noises underwater , keeping some residents awake at night .", "entity": [{"entity": "humming toadfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has the most home runs for a player born in North Dakota , and shares the MLB-record for grand slams in one season , with six .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Dakota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the longest homer hit at Kauffman Stadium since 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kauffman Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Boyle was a strong proponent of corpuscularianism and used the theory to exemplify the differences between a vacuum and a plenum , by which he aimed to further support his mechanical philosophy and overall atomist theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Boyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Étienne-Louis Malus in 1810 created a mathematical particle theory of polarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Étienne-Louis Malus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jean-Baptiste Biot in 1812 showed that this theory explained all known phenomena of light polarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Baptiste Biot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only nine months after his birth his family moved to Yugoslavia because his mother was homesick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He grew up with his family in the town of Pančevo , 16 \" km outside the capital Belgrade , and played junior level football with Red Star Belgrade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pančevo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Red Star Belgrade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Words translatable as \" spirituality \" first began to arise in the 5th century and only entered common use toward the end of the Middle Ages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors such as Chris Griscom and Shirley MacLaine explored it in numerous ways in their books .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Griscom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Shirley MacLaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Guru Nanak , the goal is to attain the \" attendant balance of separation-fusion , self-other , action-inaction , attachment-detachment , in the course of daily life \" , the polar opposite to a self-centered existence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guru Nanak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major healthcare providers in the city include Sutter Roseville and Kaiser Permanente .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sutter Roseville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "Kaiser Permanente", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As with noetherian rings , the concept is named after Emmy Noether .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emmy Noether", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a notion of algebraic geometry over such rings developed by Weil and Alexander Grothendieck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Alexander Grothendieck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2019 , he switched his political affiliation again to the Libertarian Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libertarian Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he decided not to run after the capture of Saddam Hussein on December 13 , 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 17 , 2005 , he voted in favor of reinstating the top federal income tax rate of 39.6 % ( which last existed under President Bill Clinton in the 1990 s ) on the highest-income taxpayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a member of The Episcopal Church .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Episcopal Church", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While trying to perform a spell to transform into a bird , he is accidentally transformed into an ass .", "entity": [{"entity": "ass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finally finds salvation through the intervention of the goddess Isis , whose cult he joins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isis", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His overenthusiasm leads to his accidental transformation into an ass .", "entity": [{"entity": "ass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1517 , Niccolò Machiavelli wrote his own version of the story , as a terza rima poem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niccolò Machiavelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The route is a principal connector between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Joaquin Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Mojave Desert", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actual high point is just east of the town of Tehachapi , at an elevation ( on the railroad ) of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tehachapi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city 's downtown area is circled by Grand Boulevard , which is unique for being perfectly circular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Boulevard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several later volumes also adapted scripts from the 1970 s revival TV series \" Return of the Saint \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Return of the Saint", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [79, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original artist was Mike Roy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final two years of the strip were drawn by Doug Wildey before it came to an end on 16 September 1961 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doug Wildey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 19 wins were tied for the most in the major leagues that year alongside Félix Hernández , Justin Verlander , and Adam Wainwright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Félix Hernández", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "Justin Verlander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Adam Wainwright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His streak was snapped in his next start on August 28 , where he allowed five earned runs in seven innings to the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He threw a complete game against the Atlanta Braves on June 18 , allowing two runs and one walk while striking out ten .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 30 , 2019 , he recorded his 3,000 th strikeout against John Ryan Murphy of the Arizona Diamondbacks , becoming only the third left-handed pitcher to record 3,000 strikeouts .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Ryan Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See astronomical object for a list of specific types of entities which scientists study .", "entity": [{"entity": "astronomical object", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003 and given the provisional designation \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Hawaii", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "Scott S. Sheppard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the KGB agents observing him .", "entity": [{"entity": "KGB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1983 , he was appointed director of the Paris Opera Ballet , where , as well as directing , he continued to dance and to promote younger dancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris Opera Ballet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He celebrated another long-time partnership with Eva Evdokimova .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eva Evdokimova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His appearance is credited with making Jim Henson 's series become one of the sought after programs to appear in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Henson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summers are vastly moderated by the cooling down of the air at the higher elevation compared to the hot plains to its north and the San Bernardino Valley to the south , although share the similar dry features and a lack of summer thunderstorms .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Bernardino Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were created by writer Geoff Johns and artist Ethan Van Sciver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoff Johns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "Ethan Van Sciver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Shellsort \" was invented by Donald Shell in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Shell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After setting the clock on the device , the egg will wiggle for several minutes , and then hatch into a small pet .", "entity": [{"entity": "pet", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are three described species , all endemic to China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The course provides a green belt in the center of the city that is the home of many animals , such as the red-tail fox , that otherwise would not be able to survive in the urban setting .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-tail fox", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residents are employed in various industries throughout the Bay Area and children attend one of five public elementary schools , or private schools .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nearest National Weather Service station is at the nearby San Francisco International Airport , where records go back to early 1927 .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Weather Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "San Francisco International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "San Francisco International Airport is adjacent to the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire genus is endemic to Australia ( States of Queensland and New South Wales ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its closest relative is \" Pycnandra \" from New Caledonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pycnandra", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system retains its original fleet of two Alweg trains that each carry up to 450 people and were designated as a historic landmark by the city in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alweg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monorail begins at a terminal within the Seattle Center , a civic complex and park located northwest of Downtown Seattle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Downtown Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The street travels southeast through Belltown as a one-way street with southbound-only traffic that is split into two sets of through lanes by the monorail 's supporting columns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belltown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A larger renovation was completed in 1988 to accommodate the downtown park , later named Westlake Park , and the adjacent Westlake Center shopping mall and office complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westlake Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "Westlake Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After several years of litigation led by preservation activists , a new proposal from The Rouse Company and a local developer was approved for construction in late 1985 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Rouse Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two ranges demarcate the Santa Clara Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Clara Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Downtown Mountain View Station is the transit center for the city , connecting the public commuter rail , light rail , bus , and private shuttle systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Downtown Mountain View Station", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Geneva Medical College was founded in 1834 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geneva Medical College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city developed at the northeast corner of the Finger Lakes region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finger Lakes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water from nearby Onondaga Lake is not potable due to the industrial dumping that spanned many decades , leaving the lake heavily polluted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Onondaga Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For periods of drought , there is also a backup line which uses water from Lake Ontario .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to full performances , it offers several free outdoor concerts each year in Armory Square , Thornden Park , and elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Armory Square", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Thornden Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cargo carriers FedEx and UPS also serve the airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "FedEx", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "UPS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Summer 2014 , 10 cameras were approved for installation in Downtown Syracuse , the first area not targeted because of high levels of violent crime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Downtown Syracuse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much variation occurs in the coat colour of the species , with four main variants : common , menil , melanistic , and leucistic – a genuine colour variety , not albinistic .", "entity": [{"entity": "albinistic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1860 , fallow deer were introduced into New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fallow deer are popular in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal for hunting purposes , in parts of the Gauteng province to beautify ranches , and in the Eastern Cape where they were introduced on game farms for the hunting industry because of their exotic qualities .", "entity": [{"entity": "KwaZulu-Natal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Gauteng", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "Eastern Cape", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small feral population exists on one barrier island in Georgia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fallow deer have also been introduced in Texas , along with many other exotic deer species , where they are often hunted on large game ranches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Pennsylvania , fallow deer are considered livestock , since no feral animals are breeding in the wild .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also one of the co-discoverers of Pluto 's moons , Nix and Hydra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluto 's moons", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Nix", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Hydra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as Governor of the Bank of Israel between 1991 and 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of Israel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned a B.A. in economics and political science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , and an M.A. and Ph.D. in economics at the University of Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 89]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1991 and 2000 he served two terms as the Governor of the Bank of Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of Israel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starter Richard Todd was demoted and new starter Matt Robinson was named for the season opener against the Cleveland Browns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Todd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Matt Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Browns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The language was still understood in the southern ports of the Red Sea in the 20th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Ellen Contini-Morava , vowels are never reduced , regardless of stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ellen Contini-Morava", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Europe , chorizo is a fermented , cured , smoked sausage , which may be sliced and eaten without cooking , or added as an ingredient to add flavor to other dishes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "cured", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also used as a partial replacement for ground ( minced ) beef or pork .", "entity": [{"entity": "beef", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on the variety , chorizo can be eaten sliced without further cooking , sometimes sliced in a sandwich , or grilled , fried , or baked alongside other foodstuffs , and is also an ingredient in several dishes where it accompanies beans , such as \" fabada \" or \" cocido montañés \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocido montañés", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [270, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the cheapest commercial chorizos use offal stuffed in inedible plastic casing to resemble sausage links , rather than muscle meat .", "entity": [{"entity": "offal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pork and beef are cured overnight in vinegar and chili powder .", "entity": [{"entity": "chili powder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is made by mixing fried chorizo with scrambled eggs .", "entity": [{"entity": "scrambled eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Bolivia , chorizos are made of pork , fried and served with salad ( tomato , lettuce , onion , boiled carrots and \" quirquiña \" ) , \" mote \" , and a slice of bread soaked with chorizo fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolivia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "\" mote \"", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chouriço is made in East Timor .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Timor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are also used , cut into chunks , as the meat ingredient in rice pilaf .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilaf", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because \" wug \" [ wʌg ] was one such pseudoword used by Jean Berko Gleason in her wug test 1958 experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean Berko Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsense syllables were first introduced by Hermann Ebbinghaus in his experiments on the learning of lists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermann Ebbinghaus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also managed Middlesbrough and Leeds United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , he was hired by non-League club Wembley as a technical adviser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wembley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It featured a 60-piece Royal Philharmonic Orchestra with Harry Redknapp and Ian Wright filmed at Wembley Stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Philharmonic Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 51]}, {"entity": "Harry Redknapp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Ian Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Wembley Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon its spectrum , it is classified as an S-type asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "S-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Located at the far reaches of the Sierra Nevada roughly 58 miles east of the city , it reaches a height of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sierra Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite improvement , the 2006 annual report of the American Lung Association ranked the city as the 11th - most polluted in the country with short-term particle pollution and year-round particle pollution .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Lung Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2007 , the annual report of the American Lung Association ranked the city as the fourth-most polluted in the country with short-term particle pollution and year-round particle pollution .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Lung Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While sugarcane is the chief crop , local farmers also grow coffee .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugarcane", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That left South Vietnam standing alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium , with a seating capacity of 47,929 spectators , has been the home of Paris Saint-Germain since 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris Saint-Germain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With its beaches , dunes , wetlands , creeks and the Santa Clara River , the area contains a number of important biological communities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Clara River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Oxnard Plain is well known for its strawberries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxnard Plain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "strawberries", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agricultural products such as onions , strawberries , and flowers are shipped .", "entity": [{"entity": "strawberries", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some brick outbuildings survived the fire , but were demolished during the American Civil War so they could be salvaged for building materials by occupying forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [75, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Professors such as Claude S. Fischer and Eric Klinenberg opined in 2018 that while the data does n't support describing loneliness as an \" epidemic \" or even as a clearly growing problem , loneliness is indeed a serious issue , having a severe health impact on millions of people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude S. Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "Eric Klinenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People experiencing loneliness tend to have an increased incidence of high blood pressure , high cholesterol , and obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Émile Durkheim has described loneliness , specifically the inability or unwillingness to live for others , i.e. for friendships or altruistic ideas , as the main reason for what he called \" egoistic suicide \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Émile Durkheim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vivek Murthy has stated that the most generally available cure for loneliness is human connection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vivek Murthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet according to Fay Bound Alberti , it was only around the year 1800 that the word began to widely denote a negative condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fay Bound Alberti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may due to economic and social changes arising out the Enlightenment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enlightenment", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All lyrics are composed by Tsunku .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsunku", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded to the Baltimore Orioles organization on August 22 , 2008 , for a player to be named later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city lies 13 \" mi north of the New Mexico border .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Trinidad Triggers are a professional baseball team in the independent Pecos League which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trinidad Triggers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Pecos League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "Major League Baseball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 137]}, {"entity": "Minor League Baseball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was claimed off waivers by the Detroit Tigers after the 2004 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He started the game that day against the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his return to the first team against Nottingham Forest on 21 November in a 1 – 1 draw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nottingham Forest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 18 August 2012 in a 5 – 0 away win at FC Schönberg 95 , assisting the fourth goal by Bas Dost .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Schönberg 95", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "Bas Dost", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She immediately got him a film role in the same episode as Al Pacino 's \" butt double \" – a speechless role he later lost due to taking the part too seriously .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Pacino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also fired from a Burger King commercial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burger King", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town is named after Manchester , in England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Manchester Silkworms , named for the town 's storied past as a silk producer and the world 's largest silk mill , were a collegiate summer baseball team founded in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester Silkworms", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An autopsy identified the cause of death as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [44, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LAD is currently divided into three subtypes : LAD1 , LAD2 , and the recently described LAD3 , also known as LAD-1 / variant .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAD1", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adhesion defects result in poor leukocyte chemotaxis , particularly neutrophil , inability to form pus and neutrophilia .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophilia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larry David , the head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons , was praised for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters ' lives remained consistent and believable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These episodes were highly rated as they followed summer re-runs of \" Cheers \" on Thursdays at 9:30 \" p.m. , and the series was finally picked up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheers", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Season two was bumped off its scheduled premiere of January 16 , 1991 , due to the outbreak of the Persian Gulf War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Persian Gulf War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It settled into a regular time slot on Wednesdays at 9:30 \" p.m. and eventually flipped with veteran series \" Night Court \" to 9:00 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Night Court", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In season six , Andy Ackerman replaced Tom Cherones as director of the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Ackerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Tom Cherones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show became the first TV series to command over $ 1 million a minute for advertising–a mark previously attained only by the Super Bowl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Super Bowl", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Bannon , who invested in the show , later said , \" We calculated what it would get us if it made it to syndication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Bannon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brandon Tartikoff was not convinced that the show would work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brandon Tartikoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a member of the Harwich Mariners in 1996 and the Wareham Gatemen in 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harwich Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "Wareham Gatemen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a defensive replacement and when he batted in the bottom of the ninth , he hit a walk-off home run off Brandon McCarthy of the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brandon McCarthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is in contrast to the wild atmosphere of Dewey Beach and the cosmopolitan bustle of Rehoboth Beach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dewey Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Rehoboth Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the season , he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for Jeff Brantley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Jeff Brantley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made a statement to the press in which he asserted that he had been making progress overcoming it with the help of Alcoholics Anonymous , whose logo has been tattooed on his hand as a gesture of thanks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcoholics Anonymous", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The day after Thanksgiving , an ambulance took him to a hospital , where he endured a three-day stay in the intensive care unit as his doctors diagnosed diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thanksgiving", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later worked as a pilot for Delta Air Lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta Air Lines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , most DNA sequencing has been performed using the chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederick Sanger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the period of the Reign of Terror ( September 1793 – July 1794 ) , the cap was adopted defensively even by those who might be denounced as moderates or aristocrats and were especially keen to advertise their adherence to the new regime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reign of Terror", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spire of Strasbourg Cathedral was crowned with a \" bonnet rouge \" in order to prevent it from being torn down in 1794 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Strasbourg Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This treaty appointed the International Boundary and Water Commission to handle several issues such as border sanitation .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Boundary and Water Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salmon have been recorded in the past in the river during runs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salmon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each year the beach at Border Field State Park is closed for 233 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Border Field State Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surfing has been occurring at the slough since at least 1937 , when Allen Holder began to surf there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allen Holder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1941 , while giving a series of visiting lectures at the University of Michigan , he met Samuel Eilenberg and began what would become a fruitful collaboration on the interplay between algebra and topology .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "Samuel Eilenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the city 's position on St. Andrews Bay , bridges are very important to the area , and most directions into or out of the city require the use of one of three large bridges to cross parts of the bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Andrews Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intercity transit is handled by the city 's Greyhound station .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greyhound", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of the words \" fuck \" ( 313 times ) and \" cunt \" ( about 20 times ) led the British Board of Film Classification to forbid the film to viewers under the age of 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Board of Film Classification", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 23 , he was traded to the Chicago Cubs for a player to be named later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is situated at the border of Upper Austria and Styria in central Austria , and is the highest point in each of those states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upper Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Styria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first person to reach the summit in winter was Friedrich Simony , on 14 January 1847 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedrich Simony", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , he was on pace to shatter the record for bunt hits in a season held by Brett Butler , but missed most of the second half with recurring leg injuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brett Butler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 3 , 2005 , he became the first Major League Baseball player to be suspended for violating the league 's newly adopted drug policy , which is designed to stop the use of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major League Baseball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 25 , 2006 , was signed to a minor league contract by the Cincinnati Reds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "163 in spring training and losing the center field job to rookie Alejandro De Aza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alejandro De Aza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been promoting PES , which has been dissolved on a national level but remains strong locally .", "entity": [{"entity": "PES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as an Associate in Music at Columbia University from 1946 to 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work has been championed by such conductors as Igor Buketoff , who recorded the 3rd and 6th symphonies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Igor Buketoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They then kidnap many youths , of which nine young men and nine young women were hand-picked and brought to a palace near Marzabotto .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marzabotto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other music was several Frédéric Chopin 's pieces Preludes Op .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frédéric Chopin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73 % approval rating based on 37 reviews , with an average rating of 6.55 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" TV Guide \" gave the film a mixed review awarding it a score of 2.5 / 4 , stating , \" despite moments of undeniably brilliant insight , is nearly unwatchable , extremely disturbing , and often literally nauseous \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She graduated from Syracuse University in 1978 with a bachelor of arts in mathematics and economics , then earned a master of science degree in operations research from Stanford University in 1986 , and a master of arts degree in space systems management from Webster University in 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syracuse University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 38]}, {"entity": "Stanford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [169, 188]}, {"entity": "Webster University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [260, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with documented \" Mycoplasma \" infections can be treated with oral macrolide or oral doxycycline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mycoplasma", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and in 2013 ( as a duet with Garou ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" HD 114729 \" is a 7th magnitude star approximately away in the constellation of Centaurus .", "entity": [{"entity": "star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "constellation", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Centaurus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like our Sun ( G2V ) , it is a yellow dwarf ( spectral type G0V ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is common in youth sports in North America , where running up the score is considered unsporting .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his career at Clydebank and scored 35 goals in 85 matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clydebank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attempted to pitch for the Baltimore Orioles in 2009 but was unable due to injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went to Youngstown State University , where he played shortstop and pitched until his senior year , when he converted exclusively to pitching .", "entity": [{"entity": "Youngstown State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on August 7 against Greg Maddux of the Chicago Cubs , who was looking for his 300th win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Maddux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his next start , against the Philadelphia Phillies on August 13 , he allowed four unearned runs in five innings , got his first career hit ( against Brian Powell ) , and earned his first career win in a 16&ndash ; 6 victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Brian Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He allowed one run over a career-high innings on September 21 and hit a home run against John Patterson as he defeated the Washington Nationals 5&ndash ; 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Patterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first start since rejoining the rotation on August 14 , he threw shutout innings , earning the win in a 1&ndash ; 0 victory over the San Diego Padres .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After he posted a 12.94 in his first 11 games of the season , he got sent down to the minors on May 6 to make room for Billy Sadler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Sadler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 15 , he threw the only complete game of his career , allowing three runs in eight innings in a 3&ndash ; 1 loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 152]}, {"entity": "Chase Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , \" Suspended Animation \" , was released on March 1 , 2005 , and was available for order from his web site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suspended Animation", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a baritone , producing a sound darker than that of James LaBrie 's tenor voice .", "entity": [{"entity": "James LaBrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She found it difficult to both teach and have enough time and energy to write , and in the middle of 1958 , the couple moved to Boston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicholas was born in January 1962 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicholas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting with the $ 8,000 question , they were placed in the Revlon \" isolation booth \" , where they could hear nothing but the host 's words .", "entity": [{"entity": "Revlon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" TV Guide \" kept a running tally of the money won on the show , which hit $ 1 million by the end of November 1956 ( $ million today ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a recent study by the University of Miami showed that tidal flooding became much more common from the mid 2000 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Miami", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh in 1949 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Mellon University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a professor at Harvard University from 1959 to 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to his role as collaborator over many years with Michael Atiyah , initially via the part played by periodicity in K-theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Atiyah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he left the position prior to the tournament and was replaced by Otto Pfister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otto Pfister", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subject , David Reimer , later identified as a man .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Reimer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical examples would be an unusually prominent clitoris in an otherwise apparently typical girl , or complete cryptorchidism in an otherwise apparently typical boy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cryptorchidism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately to its north-east is Trent Junction , a similarly important five-way meeting point in the national railway system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trent Junction", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2009 he did , however , score a spectacular goal against Juventus ; he scored the 2 – 1 goal for his team but the match ended 2 – 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal did come two weeks later however , in the home game with Newcastle United , slamming home a Daniel Bogdanović cross from 6 yards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Daniel Bogdanović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The project is named after Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham , who published the first version of the table together with Herbert J. Woodall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 60]}, {"entity": "Herbert J. Woodall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only other player to do that for five years running is Rogers Hornsby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogers Hornsby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished 4th in the MVP voting , as Lou Gehrig became the only non-Tiger to win the MVP award from 1934 to 1937 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou Gehrig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier , he taught at Emory University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emory University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think they approached Julian Schnabel , Lou Reed , and me .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julian Schnabel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "Lou Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seema Biswas , Shabana Azmi , Nandita Das , and Irrfan Khan participated in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seema Biswas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Shabana Azmi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Nandita Das", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Irrfan Khan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the Revolutionary Guards declared that the death sentence on him is still valid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Revolutionary Guards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the Straits of Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Straits of Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comcast provides cable television service .", "entity": [{"entity": "Comcast", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is located on a peninsula separating the Gulf of Mexico from Choctawhatchee Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf of Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Choctawhatchee Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sand comes from the Appalachian Mountains , and is made of finely ground quartz crystal giving the appearance of sugar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Appalachian Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It premiered on ABC on September 20 , 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film , which focuses on a group of young runaway and homeless teenagers , was shot on and around Hollywood Boulevard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood Boulevard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She and Holly Marie Combs became producers for the show during season four .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Marie Combs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That season she appeared in ten episodes of \" My Name Is Earl \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "My Name Is Earl", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has an interest in the Los Angeles Kings , a National Hockey League team , and is involved with a related clothing line .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "National Hockey League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series premiered on ABC on April 19 , 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In support of PETA , she appeared in a 2007 advertisement for them , advocating vegetarianism , in a dress made entirely of vegetables .", "entity": [{"entity": "PETA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "vegetarianism", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also involved in get-out-the-vote efforts for Rob Quist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Quist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was inspired to bring awareness to the commonality of sex crimes among women in the wake of Harvey Weinstein 's expulsion from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for alleged sex crimes against women in the film industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvey Weinstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aerostats vary in their designs and resulting lift-to-drag ratio ; the kiting effect of higher lift-over-drag shapes for the aerostat can effectively keep an airborne turbine aloft ; a variety of such kiting balloons were made famous in the kytoon by Domina Jalbert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Domina Jalbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [251, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series stars Jon-Erik Hexum and Meeno Peluce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jon-Erik Hexum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Meeno Peluce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It crosses Portage Lake , a portion of the waterway which cuts across the Keweenaw Peninsula with a canal linking the final several miles to Lake Superior to the northwest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portage Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Keweenaw Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "Lake Superior", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He debuted in the major leagues on September 3 , 1985 against the visiting Philadelphia Phillies , collecting two hits in four at bats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies dioxane as a probable human carcinogen ( having observed an increased incidence of cancer in controlled animal studies , but not in epidemiological studies of workers using the compound ) , and a known irritant ( with a no-observed-adverse-effects level of 400 milligrams per cubic meter ) at concentrations significantly higher than those found in commercial products .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , they start feeding in seagrass beds , on epifaunal crustaceans that have increased in size over winter or on Pacific herring eggs ( \" Clupea pallasi \" ) , during the fish spawning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific herring", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [123, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to \" Your Computer \" , it is \" all great stuff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Your Computer", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to a severe economic decline within the community , during the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This lagoon opens to the Atlantic Ocean at the Port of Palm Beach via the Lake Worth Inlet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlantic Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Port of Palm Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Lake Worth Inlet", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next closest inlet exists further south in Boynton Beach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boynton Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many tropical plants grow in the city ; among the more prominent examples are mahogany , royal poinciana and many species of palm , including coconut palm .", "entity": [{"entity": "mahogany", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "royal poinciana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "coconut palm", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [142, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "African tulip tree , avocado and many species of eucalyptus may also be found , although they are on the city 's list of trees to avoid .", "entity": [{"entity": "avocado", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "eucalyptus", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The undisturbed portions of this habitat , such as much of the Waterberg Biosphere , are home to many large mammal species including white rhino , black rhino , giraffe , blue wildebeest , kudu , impala and a variety of further antelope species and other game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waterberg Biosphere", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "mammal", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "giraffe", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "kudu", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "impala", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [196, 202]}, {"entity": "antelope", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [228, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , he graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in chemical engineering .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Minnesota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 28 , 1995 , after pitching well enough to be offered a replacement contract , his contract was sold to the Seattle Mariners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His pupils include Luke Bedford and Dai Fujikura .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luke Bedford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Dai Fujikura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 26 , 1959 , he was traded with Ralph Terry to the New York Yankees for Johnny Kucks , Tom Sturdivant , and Jerry Lumpe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ralph Terry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "Johnny Kucks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Tom Sturdivant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "Jerry Lumpe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was six years before Frank Robinson became the first black manager in the major leagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area was located approximately north of the community of Osteen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osteen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hurricane season lasts from June 1 to November 30 , with September as the most susceptible month to hurricanes .", "entity": [{"entity": "hurricane season", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional commercial airline service is provided at Orlando Sanford International Airport , approximately south , and Daytona Beach International Airport , approximately northeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orlando Sanford International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 90]}, {"entity": "Daytona Beach International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electric power service is provided by Florida Power & Light and Duke Energy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida Power & Light", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "Duke Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wired telephone service is provided by AT&T and CenturyLink .", "entity": [{"entity": "AT&T", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "CenturyLink", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cable television is provided by Spectrum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spectrum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2019 estimate is 60,867 , making it one of Atlanta 's largest suburbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General William Tecumseh Sherman invaded the town during the Atlanta Campaign in the summer of 1864 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Tecumseh Sherman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 32]}, {"entity": "Atlanta Campaign", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Americans United for Life argues that women disappointed by the result of their test would find it easier to have an abortion if they get the results early .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans United for Life", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a certain portion of New Delhi , only 762 girls were born per 1,000 boys .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Delhi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to detect and accurately measure the minute value of this anomalous precession ( only 43 arc seconds per tropical century ) is testimony to the sophistication of 19th century astrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "tropical century", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the pressure term sets a maximum limit to the mass of a neutron star .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutron star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Rainer K. Sachs addressed this asymptotic symmetry problem in order to investigate the flow of energy at infinity due to propagating gravitational waves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rainer K. Sachs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program aired for two seasons with a total of 26 episodes on ABC from September 18 , 1993 to December 3 , 1994 , and continued in reruns until 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 2 , 2016 , reruns of the series began airing on Starz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Starz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After writer Ken Penders had the opportunity to view the Saturday morning program , the comic gradually became adventure-driven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Penders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yuji Naka disliked the project , and it was cancelled without further development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuji Naka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent 1997 pitching for the rookie&ndash ; league Gulf Coast League Royals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Coast League Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His major league debut came on April 6 against the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first start , he pitched four innings , gave up one run , and earned a no&ndash ; decision in a 4&ndash ; 3 loss to the Baltimore Orioles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 28 , he struck out a career high eight batters in a win against the Minnesota Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His final start of came on May 18 against the Texas Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was no longer the closer , however , because Mike MacDougal had been closing well in his absence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike MacDougal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not give up more than one earned run until August 5 , when he got his first loss of the year against the Oakland Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he was moved up to the third spot before the season began when Runelvys Hernández was demoted to the fifth spot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Runelvys Hernández", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His final major league start came on May 27 against the New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not give up a home run until Pete Laforest hit one off of him in an 11&ndash ; 9 loss to the San Diego Padres on August 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Laforest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made the three hundredth appearance of his career on May 2 in a 2&ndash ; 0 loss to the Atlanta Braves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His only other decision of the year came on September 3 when he was the losing pitcher in a 6&ndash ; 5 loss to the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also stars Charles S. Dutton , Jada Pinkett , and Salli Richardson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles S. Dutton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "Jada Pinkett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Salli Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , with 22 reviews , the film has a rare approval rating of \" 0 % \" meaning no favorable reviews whatsoeverreceiving an average rating of 3.63 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the Cleveland Indians ' farm system in and for the Pittsburgh Pirates ' farm system from 1999 through 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 11 , 2011 , he returned to the club as Dale Thayer was sent down .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dale Thayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expanding on its industrial base of textile mills , the city is the home of the headquarters for Aflac , Synovus , and TSYS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aflac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Synovus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "TSYS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Maracay , Aragua .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maracay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Aragua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terry Jones , Michael Palin and Terry Gilliam concurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Michael Palin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Terry Gilliam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played college baseball at the University of Miami .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Miami", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2006 study conducted by the University of Washington suggested that a newly discovered monoamine transporter , known as PMAT , may account for \" a significant percentage of 5-HT clearance \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Washington", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice that lack brain serotonin have osteopenia , while mice that lack gut serotonin have high bone density .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteopenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs that alter serotonin levels are used in treating depression , generalized anxiety disorder , and social phobia .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "generalized anxiety disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 96]}, {"entity": "social phobia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAOI therapy is associated with many adverse drug reactions , and patients are at risk of hypertensive emergency triggered by foods with high tyramine content , and certain drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertensive emergency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another application is in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative nausea and vomiting", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some serotonergic agonist drugs cause fibrosis anywhere in the body , particularly the syndrome of retroperitoneal fibrosis , as well as cardiac valve fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "retroperitoneal fibrosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples are plants from the genus \" Anadenanthera \" that are used in the hallucinogenic yopo snuff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anadenanthera", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin occurs in several mushrooms of the genus \" Panaeolus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panaeolus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crayfish that is frightened may flip its tail to flee , and the effect of serotonin on this behavior depends largely on the animal 's social status .", "entity": [{"entity": "crayfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the fruit fly insulin both regulates blood sugar as well as acting as a growth factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit fly", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1948 , Maurice M. Rapport , Arda Green , and Irvine Page of the Cleveland Clinic discovered a vasoconstrictor substance in blood serum , and since it was a serum agent affecting vascular tone , they named it serotonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maurice M. Rapport", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "Arda Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Irvine Page", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Clinic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1999 draft he signed as a first round selection by the Kansas City Royals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In , the Kansas City Royals turned him into a closer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After only about a week after his first appearance of the year , he was traded to the Chicago White Sox for minor-league pitchers Tyler Lumsden and Dan Cortes on July 24 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "Tyler Lumsden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Dan Cortes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals on May 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been pitching for the independent Camden Riversharks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camden Riversharks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His uncle Karl was an economist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His uncle , Karl was an economist , noted for his criticism of market capitalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was President of Chile from 1942 to 1946 , during the height of World War II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A member of the conservative wing of the Radical Party since his high school days , he was elected local president of the youth branch of that party and later city councillor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radical Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the presidential election of 1920 he campaigned for Arturo Alessandri , being responsible for the southern part of the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arturo Alessandri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the administration of colonel Carlos Ibáñez del Campo he was caught between his party 's opposition to the government 's dictatorial administration and his personal admiration for the government 's results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlos Ibáñez del Campo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then he went on to become the Minister of the Interior when Carlos Dávila took over as head of state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlos Dávila", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , with the election of Arturo Alessandri in the presidential election of 1932 and the return to institutional normality , he was politically shunned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arturo Alessandri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The left-wings ' coalition was united against a common opponent , General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlos Ibáñez del Campo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his return from the United States , and faced with failing health , he transferred his presidential powers to his minister of the Interior Alfredo Duhalde ( January 17 , 1946 ) and died of cancer roughly 6 months later , on June 27 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Alfredo Duhalde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He transferred his presidential powers on January 17 , 1946 , to his Minister of the Interior , Alfredo Duhalde , who took over as Vice-President .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfredo Duhalde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twice-weekly service to Las Vegas was previously operated by Allegiant Air , but the airline discontinued the route in January 2012 , citing insufficient ticket prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Allegiant Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended the University of Alabama .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Alabama", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a first cousin of infielder Andy Phillips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a free agent at the end of the season and signed with the Colorado Rockies in December 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This earned him a September call-up , and he made his debut on September 4 , pinch-hitting for catcher Buck Martinez and striking out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buck Martinez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he served as backup to former New York Yankees prospect Juan Espino , playing in just 23 games and batting .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Juan Espino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface salinity of the sea averages about 22 parts per thousand , which is slightly greater than that of the Black Sea , but only about two-thirds that of most oceans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water is much more saline at the sea bottom , averaging salinities of around 38 parts per thousand , similar to that of the Mediterranean Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mediterranean Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With little land in Thrace draining southward , almost all of these rivers flow from Anatolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sea contains the archipelago of the Prince Islands and Marmara Island , Avşa and Paşalimanı .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prince Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Marmara Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Avşa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Paşalimanı", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From October 22 to November 14 , 1917 , District 170 schools were closed because of an influenza outbreak .", "entity": [{"entity": "influenza", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city was also the original home of the Inland Steel Company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inland Steel Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was acquired by the Oakland Athletics in exchange for cash considerations on November 28 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hit a walk-off home run to defeat the Colorado Rockies on July 19 , 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorado Rockies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 3 , he pulled his left hamstring against the Washington Nationals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 19 , he and Emilio Bonifacio were both reinstated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emilio Bonifacio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's 1978 live album \" Waiting for Columbus \" became their best-selling album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waiting for Columbus", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "baseball historian Bill James relies on an origin story set forth in multiple accounts published in 1906 , and attributed to former outfielder Hugh Nicol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Hugh Nicol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Disney Channel film adaptation of the stage musical was announced on September 29 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disney Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between the 15th century and the mid-20 th century , the area differed from most of the Lowlands in terms of language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lowlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the wake of several women coming forward with allegations of sexual harassment against television personality Charlie Rose , many educational institutions revoked honorary degrees bestowed on him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Rose", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is in a long-term relationship with actress Marilyn Lightstone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marilyn Lightstone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first league goal for the club in the following match , opening the scoring in a 2 – 1 away defeat to Manchester City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he tried to run it off , he eventually had to be replaced by José Bosingwa in the 13th minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "José Bosingwa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the last film by cinematographer Donald E. Thorin , who died in 2016 , having not worked on a film in thirteen years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald E. Thorin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nearby colleges and universities include Principia College , in Elsah , and Lewis and Clark Community College , in Godfrey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Principia College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 58]}, {"entity": "Elsah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Lewis and Clark Community College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 109]}, {"entity": "Godfrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2012 he joined Lincoln City on trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincoln City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August , he signed a one-year deal with Jason Lee 's Boston United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jason Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Boston United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained experience by joining the medical staff at Sheffield Wednesday before being appointed first masseur at Leicester City in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from the University of Salford in July 2016 with a bachelor 's degree in Physiotherapy and was appointed as a physiotherapist for the first team .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Salford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model organisms like the nematode worm \" Caenorhabditis elegans \" , the fruit fly \" Drosophila melanogaster \" , and the zebrafish \" Danio rerio \" have been used successfully to study phenotypes resulting from gene mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila melanogaster", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [84, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "premiered its prologue at the Tribeca Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tribeca Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gravity , and hence the pressure , on the surface of a giant star is much lower than for a dwarf star because the radius of the giant is much greater than a dwarf of similar mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "dwarf star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1860 s and 1870 s , pioneering stellar spectroscopist Angelo Secchi created the \" Secchi classes \" in order to classify observed spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelo Secchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Williamina Fleming classified most of the spectra in this catalogue and was credited with classifying over 10,000 featured stars and discovering 10 novae and more than 200 variable stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Williamina Fleming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As O - and B-type stars are so energetic , they only live for a relatively short time .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - and B-type stars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [3, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it may be possible for these L-type supergiants to form through stellar collisions , an example of which is V838 Monocerotis while in the height of its luminous red nova eruption .", "entity": [{"entity": "V838 Monocerotis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [118, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "palm kernel oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "coconut oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLES is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol , which is produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "palm kernel oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "coconut oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Franklin Pierce signed the bill into law on May \" 30 , 1854 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It opened on September \" 27 , 1880 , with a performance of \" Hamlet \" starring Lawrence Barrett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamlet", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Lawrence Barrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania led the voting , and on the second ballot was nominated for President .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winfield Scott Hancock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When spring came , they traveled north to their summer lands in Wisconsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1970 s , the castle was rented out as a honeymoon retreat .", "entity": [{"entity": "honeymoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is situated on the south bank of the Fox River , which flows southwest to the Illinois River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Illinois River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underground success of the single , promoted by a low-budget video from then-unknown director Hype Williams , led to their debut album \" To the Death \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hype Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "To the Death", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vietnamese coriander is not related to the mints , nor is it in the mint family Lamiaceae , but its general appearance and fragrance are reminiscent of them .", "entity": [{"entity": "mints", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Lamiaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also popularly eaten with \" hột vịt lộn \" ( fertilized duck egg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "duck", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Laos and certain parts of Thailand , the leaf is eaten with raw beef \" larb \" ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "larb", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Australia , the plant is being investigated as a source of essential oil ( kesom oil ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "essential oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band broke up in 1980 , following a difficult tour and personal tensions that arose during the recording of \" The Long Run \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Long Run", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their most recent album , \" Long Road Out of Eden \" , was released in 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Road Out of Eden", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed in 1984 by the album , \" Building the Perfect Beast \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Building the Perfect Beast", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album 's title track , a collaboration with Bruce Hornsby , reached No. 8 as a single .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Hornsby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He performed songs from the album in a \" VH1 Storytellers \" episode during 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1 Storytellers", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Performers at the wedding included Bruce Springsteen , Sting , Billy Joel , John Fogerty , Jackson Browne , Sheryl Crow , Glenn Frey , and Tony Bennett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Springsteen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Sting", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Billy Joel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "John Fogerty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Jackson Browne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Sheryl Crow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "Glenn Frey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "Tony Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cleveland Indians are the only franchise to have three players achieve the feat while on their roster : Neal Ball , Bill Wambsganss and Asdrúbal Cabrera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Neal Ball", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "Bill Wambsganss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "Asdrúbal Cabrera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shortest time between two unassisted triple plays occurred in May 1927 , when Johnny Neun executed the feat less than 24 hours after Jimmy Cooney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Neun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Cooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was subsequently transferred to IFK Norrköping and converted into a defender .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFK Norrköping", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has always given whole-hearted commitment to the team and provided a more than useful option which allowed Chris Baird to move into the centre of the defence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Baird", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some social liberal ideas were later incorporated into the New Deal , which developed as a response to the Great Depression when Franklin D. Roosevelt came into office .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1928 , the warlord Shi Yousan set fire to the monastery , burning it for over 40 days , destroying a significant portion of the buildings , including many manuscripts of the temple library .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shi Yousan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cultural Revolution launched in 1966 targeted religious orders including the monastery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profits are split with Dengfeng ; the municipality takes two thirds of the profits and the monastery retains one third .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dengfeng", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recipes for other whitefish such as sole or halibut can be adapted to pangasius .", "entity": [{"entity": "whitefish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "sole", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "halibut", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A four-issue miniseries released in 1995 written by Alan Moore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A test flight was conducted in May 2006 to prove the aircraft 's steep approach and short runway performance by landing at London City Airport , where such steep approaches are required .", "entity": [{"entity": "London City Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surprise guest that evening was Robin Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients for this production were Ron Funches , Pete Holmes , Morgan Murphy and Emo Philips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Funches", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Pete Holmes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "Morgan Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Emo Philips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staged therapy sessions included Andy Kindler , Emo Philips , Maria Bamford , Dom Irrera , Dana Gould , and Eddie Pepitone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Kindler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Emo Philips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Maria Bamford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Dom Irrera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Dana Gould", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Eddie Pepitone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guests have included Ray Romano , Sarah Silverman , and Ted Danson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Romano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Sarah Silverman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Ted Danson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnesium peroxide is used in the bioremediation of contaminated soil and can improve the soil quality for plant growth and metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major designers such as Eduardo Lucero and Rick Owens are alumni of the program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduardo Lucero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Rick Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Douglas Wick , the producer of the original films , will produce the remake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Douglas Wick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , CTV News Channel 's \" Power Play \" chose him in the top three MPs of the year , along with Stephen Harper and Jack Layton .", "entity": [{"entity": "CTV News Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "Power Play", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Stephen Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Jack Layton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He placed second with 19.4 % of the vote , losing to Jagmeet Singh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jagmeet Singh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the most significant event in his tenure was the eruption of the Second Intifada in September , 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Intifada", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversy erupted over the offensive in Jenin , intermittent raids in the Gaza Strip , and the continued isolation of Yasser Arafat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jenin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He fortified posts at the Gaza Strip and kept Israel Defense Forces casualties low .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Israel Defense Forces", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Public Security Minister Avi Dichter and Interior Minister Meir Sheetrit had 6.5 % and 8.5 % respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avi Dichter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Meir Sheetrit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Kevin Bacon , Kathryn Erbe , Illeana Douglas and Kevin Dunn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Kathryn Erbe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Illeana Douglas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "Kevin Dunn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Producer Gavin Polone then secured the rights to the book .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gavin Polone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died of the disease at age 57 in 1969 during a flight from Paris to Oslo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Oslo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1866 , Bishop George M. Randall of Massachusetts arrived in the territory and , seeing a need for higher education facilities in the area , began planning for a university which would include a school of mines .", "entity": [{"entity": "George M. Randall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The school 's logo was designed by prominent architect Jacques Benedict .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Benedict", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter song was dedicated to the first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova , who was present in the concert hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valentina Tereshkova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the son of a conductor from Chernivtsi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chernivtsi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a small pipit , which resembles meadow pipit .", "entity": [{"entity": "pipit", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "meadow pipit", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once they have arrived they nest on the ground amongst grass or heather tussocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "heather", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the centuries leading to the renaissance and reformation the church was the main provider of secondary education .", "entity": [{"entity": "renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shannon Farnon , Susan Eisenberg , Maggie Q , Lucy Lawless , Keri Russell , Michelle Monaghan , Rosario Dawson , Cobie Smulders , and Halsey among others , have provided the character 's voice for animated adaptations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shannon Farnon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Susan Eisenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "Maggie Q", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Lucy Lawless", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Keri Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Michelle Monaghan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Rosario Dawson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Cobie Smulders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "Halsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian Azzarello and Cliff Chiang were assigned writing and art duties respectively and revamped the character 's history considerably .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Azzarello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Cliff Chiang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' , some of which were contributed by Elizabeth Holloway Marston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Holloway Marston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , Samuel R. Delany took over scripting duties with issue # 202 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel R. Delany", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These events lead to the \" War of the Gods \" occurring .", "entity": [{"entity": "War of the Gods", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is now considered to be stronger than Hercules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hercules", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it appears to be not as distinct as formerly presumed , but rather somewhat closer to such genera as \" Chalcides \" and \" Sepsina \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chalcides", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "Sepsina", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to scoring form at the end of September 2001 , and he ended 2001 – 02 with an impressive total of 14 , despite a two-month spell on the sidelines , the result of an ankle injury which he sustained in a match against Manchester United in January 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unable to hold down a place in the team , he was allowed to join Blackpool on loan until the end of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 16 November , when he came on as a 79th - minute substitute for Will Hatfield in a 1 – 1 draw at Barnet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Will Hatfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "Barnet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined former teammate Garry Monk 's coaching staff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garry Monk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is endemic to New Caledonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expected parliamentary assent ( given the President 's CNDD-FFD party comfortable majority in both chambers ) arrived through a vote on 16 January 2019 , with some ministries already starting the move two days later .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNDD-FFD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The medal was awarded in conjunction with Joe Biden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Biden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the second-highest tally after Jack Hearne ( 145 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Hearne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was fifteenth in the list of leading wicket-takers and a long way behind his colleague Arthur Fielder who took 186 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Fielder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first wicket in the second innings was taken by Bill Fairservice so the all-twenty goal was never on once that wicket fell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Fairservice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took 183 wickets , the same as George Hirst , and only George Dennett with 201 took more .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Hirst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "George Dennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His tally of 170 wickets was eight more than Alec Kennedy 's 162 and his average of 15.19 marginally better than Alonzo Drake 's 15.30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alec Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Alonzo Drake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His best innings return was eight for 59 at Headingley in 1907 and his 15 for 99 there was his best match return .", "entity": [{"entity": "Headingley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accepting that he would not play first-class cricket again , he agreed to become coach of cricket at Eton College after the war ended .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eton College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Fancy pigeon \" refers to any breed of domestic pigeon , which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove ( \" Columba livia \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "domestic pigeon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "rock dove", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extensive variations in the breeds attracted the attention of Charles Darwin and played a major role in developing ideas on evolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Darwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She previously taught at Harvard and Brown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The debate continued with a reply by one of her sternest critics , Robert P. George .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert P. George", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among her academic colleagues whose books she has reviewed critically are Allan Bloom , Harvey Mansfield , and Judith Butler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allan Bloom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Harvey Mansfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "Judith Butler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other academic debates have been with figures such as John Rawls , Richard Posner , and Susan Moller Okin .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Rawls", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Richard Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Susan Moller Okin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This feed featured its own announcing team , with Chuck Thompson calling the games with Bill Veeck ( 1958 ) and Al Rosen ( 1959 – 60 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chuck Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Bill Veeck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Al Rosen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the broadcasts of six of the seven 1960 World Series games are no longer known to exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game started at approximately 7:00 \" p.m. on the East Coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they were \" truck feeds \" in that they do not contain the original commercials , but show a static image of the Shea Stadium field between innings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shea Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Games 1 and 2 were saved only as black-and-white kinescopes provided by the CBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On October 13 , 1971 , the World Series held a night game for the very first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allowed the network to air its highly rated sitcom \" The Cosby Show \" in its normal Thursday 8:00 \" p.m. timeslot .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Cosby Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jim Simpson and Maury Wills called the secondary backup games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Maury Wills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show would offer sports news , highlights and feature reports from Len Berman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Len Berman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bo Jackson became a popular figure for his athleticism in multiple sports through the late 1980 s and early 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bo Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helping with the interviews were Hannah Storm and Johnny Bench .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hannah Storm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Johnny Bench", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hannah Storm again served as pre-game host with Barry Larkin this time , serving as the analyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hannah Storm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Barry Larkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various theories were put forward , with the university 's Professor Brian Cox suggesting \" differential friction \" between the glass shelf and the object , possibly caused by vibrations made by visitors , caused the object to move .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Cox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first large donation came from Robert Dukinfield Darbishire ( 1826 – 1908 ) , beginning in 1904 / 05 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Dukinfield Darbishire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lindow Man , another bog body had previously been displayed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lindow Man", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleus of the archery collection of about 2,000 exhibits was formed by Ingo Simon and donated in 1946 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingo Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The small collection made by Leopold H. Grindon which includes many cultivated plants is also important .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leopold H. Grindon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum 's collection of zeolite group minerals originated from a donation by Caroline Birley in 1894 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caroline Birley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The live collection at the museum is used as an important educational resource , and related engagement work extends to environmental education programmes developed in Costa Rica and Panama .", "entity": [{"entity": "Costa Rica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mounted mammals include a lowland gorilla , an aye aye , and a red panda collected by Brian Houghton Hodgson .", "entity": [{"entity": "red panda", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "Brian Houghton Hodgson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A collection of birds from the Hawaiian Islands was received from the Royal Society in the 1890 s including species that are now extinct .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawaiian Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Larroquette performed the narration in the opening credits .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Larroquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert of the \" Chicago Sun-Times \" said it was \" as violent and gruesome and blood-soaked as the title promises \" , yet praised its acting and technical execution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Chicago Sun-Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tony Magistrale believes the film paved the way for horror to be used as a vehicle for social commentary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Magistrale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "French director Alexandre Aja credited it as an early influence on his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexandre Aja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 2005 \" Total Film \" poll , it was selected as the greatest horror film of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Total Film", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also voted the greatest horror film of all time in \" Slant Magazine \" 2013 list of the greatest horror films of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slant Magazine", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer-director Guillermo Del Toro became a vegetarian for a time after seeing the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guillermo Del Toro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The British Board of Film Classification had long since refused a certification for the uncut theatrical version and in 1984 they also refused to certify it for home video , amid a moral panic surrounding \" video nasties \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Board of Film Classification", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A seventh film , \" Texas Chainsaw 3D \" , was released on January 4 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Chainsaw 3D", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only described species is \" N. algeriensis \" of Algeria and Tunisia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Tunisia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rocket scientist Hermann Oberth worked as an advisor on this movie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermann Oberth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noted post-war science writer Willy Ley also served as a consultant on the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willy Ley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This chain of frontier forts eventually reached far north towards Lake Erie and closely resembles the modern border of Ohio and Indiana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Erie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Indiana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2 – 4 white eggs are laid in an unlined cavity high in a decayed section of a living tree , or occasionally in an old woodpecker nest in a dead tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "woodpecker", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year , singer Hank Snow 's version charted at number 93 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hank Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played for Once Caldas in Colombia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Once Caldas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father died of tuberculosis on 19 April 1807 at the age of 37 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He cites the following as his influences : John Bonham , Neil Peart , Steve Smith , Dave Weckl and Lee Kerslake .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Bonham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Neil Peart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Steve Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Dave Weckl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "Lee Kerslake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meat pie is considered iconic in Australia and New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kangaroo meat , a leaner alternative , is also sometimes used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kangaroo meat", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only offal ( such as brain , heart , kidney , liver , tongue , tripe ) must be specified on the label .", "entity": [{"entity": "offal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This all led mathematicians to target him for polemics and sparked John Wallis to become one of his most persistent opponents .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Wallis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He says that this \" sort of discrepancy has led to many errors in determining who was an atheist in the early modern period \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "early modern period", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like John Locke , he also stated that true revelation can never disagree with human reason and experience , although he also argued that people should accept revelation and its interpretations for the reason that they should accept the commands of their sovereign , in order to avoid war .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Locke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He only played one match , and was transferred to Lens in October 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of his death , he was engaged to the 1973 Miss World , Marjorie Wallace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marjorie Wallace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for Arsenal , West Ham United where he was their player of the season in 1988 , and Coventry City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Coventry City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , he joined Rushden & Diamonds as technical director of football .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rushden & Diamonds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clive Davis is credited with the cover concept .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clive Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also sang \" Is n't She Lovely \" on the popular television show \" Scrubs \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Is n't She Lovely", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Scrubs", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Playing for his charity , the National Inclusion Project , he chose to drop out after the ninth question with 30 Rock300 , 000 , despite having a copy and a save at his disposal .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Inclusion Project", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Emilio Estevez , Anthony Michael Hall , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy as teenagers from different high school cliques who spend a Saturday in detention with their authoritarian assistant principal ( Paul Gleason ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emilio Estevez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Anthony Michael Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "Judd Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Molly Ringwald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Ally Sheedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Paul Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7 , 1985 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's poster , featuring the five characters huddled together , was photographed by Annie Leibovitz toward the end of shooting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annie Leibovitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of September 2020 , review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 89 % approval rating based on 65 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The releases of his label are distributed by Equal Vision Records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Equal Vision Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is mostly noted as a playmaking lynchpin at Arsenal with whom he won six trophies from 1930 to the 1936 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His rheumatism meant he wore \" baggy \" shorts so as to conceal the long johns he put on for warmth .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he died quite suddenly from cancer in 1953 at the age of 51 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sold by Ruud Gullit on 25 July 1997 to Celtic for £ 2.5 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruud Gullit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with Walsall on a free transfer for the remainder of the 2003 – 04 season and played five times before retiring at the end of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walsall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and on Blu-ray on May 6 , 2014 , by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment .", "entity": [{"entity": "20th Century Fox Home Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film holds a 70 % approval rating and 5.9 / 10 average at the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 43 critics ' reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming was originally scheduled to take place at Emory University , but university officials changed their minds after reading the script .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emory University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his next match , at home to Arsenal , he scored from a 20-yard free kick before adding the equalising goal from the penalty spot in the last minute of stoppage time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was elected President by an electoral college on September 21 , 2001 , defeating Toomas Savi in the final round by votes of 186 to 155 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toomas Savi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mart Laar 's cabinet eventually fell later the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mart Laar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a showcase for the science fiction / suspense stories of artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko , and for the groundbreaking work of writer-artist Jim Steranko .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Kirby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "Steve Ditko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Jim Steranko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It began as a horror anthology from the company 's 1950 s precursor , Atlas Comics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlas Comics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dan Adkins took over penciling duties from # 161 ( Oct. 1967 ) to the final issue , # 168 ( May 1968 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan Adkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the first pick of the Philadelphia Phillies in the secondary phase of the 1973 amateur draft , and made his major league debut on April 17 of the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been drafted earlier by the Baltimore Orioles ( 20th round , 1969 ) and by the Minnesota Twins ( 1st round , 1972 ) , but did not sign with either team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "Minnesota Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First to the Chicago White Sox with Alan Bannister and Roy Thomas for Jim Kaat and Mike Buskey on December 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "Alan Bannister", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Roy Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Jim Kaat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Mike Buskey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Rennie was commissioned to design and build the new bridge , and a stone bridge of seven arches was approved .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Rennie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The piers were removed , replaced by a single large central arch. and T G Jackson describing the bridge designs as a sign of \" the utter apparent indifference of those in authority to the matter of art \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "T G Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The then Secretary of State for the Environment , Michael Heseltine , refused permission for the development and the site remained empty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Heseltine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government then bought the site and design as a future headquarters for the Secret Intelligence Service , and the design was accordingly modified to increase security .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secret Intelligence Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United States , the \" federal funds rate \" is the interest rate at which depository institutions ( banks and credit unions ) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight on an uncollateralized basis .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1901 it became a state through the process of the Federation of Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federation of Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he also recorded it as a name for Cape Barren Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Barren Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 11,700 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Captain James Cook also landed at Adventure Bay in 1777 .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Cook", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Adventure Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Settlement in the island 's northwest corner was monopolised by the Van Diemen 's Land Company , which sent its first surveyors to the district in 1826 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Diemen 's Land Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Explorer and naval officer John Oxley in 1810 noted the \" many atrocious cruelties \" inflicted on Aboriginals by convict bushrangers in the north , which in turn led to black attacks on solitary white hunters .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Oxley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hostilities increased further with the arrival of 600 colonists from Norfolk Island between 1807 and 1813 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norfolk Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Violence began to spiral rapidly from the mid-1820 s in what became known as the \" Black War \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black War", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1910 foundation of what would become Hydro Tasmania began to shape urban patterns , as well as future major damming programs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydro Tasmania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It lies at similar latitudes to the South Island of New Zealand , and parts of Patagonia in South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "Patagonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Winter maximums are on average along coastal areas and on the central plateau , as a result of a series of cold fronts from the Southern Ocean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major population centres include Hobart , Launceston , Devonport , Burnie , and Ulverstone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobart", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Launceston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Devonport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "Burnie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Ulverstone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England ( 3.7 % ) , New Zealand ( 1 % ) , Mainland China ( 0.6 % ) , Scotland ( 0.4 % ) and the Netherlands ( 0.4 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Mainland China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state also has a large number of food exporting sectors , including but not limited to seafood ( such as Atlantic salmon , abalone and crayfish ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlantic salmon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "abalone", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "crayfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state is also home to Incat , a manufacturer of very high-speed aluminium catamarans that regularly broke records when they were first launched .", "entity": [{"entity": "Incat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series ' soon-to-be regular composer , Dudley Simpson , did not work on this serial owing to a serious dispute with director Douglas Camfield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dudley Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Douglas Camfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , BBC Enterprises had 16 mm film telerecordings made for potential overseas sales .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC Enterprises", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of viewing prints was sent to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation , but the story was declined ( as it was judged to be A ( suitable for adults ) on the basis of its overall storyline , rather than cuttable scenes ) and the fate of these prints is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australian Broadcasting Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At some point in the next four years , the BBC 's film copies were junked .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following week , Viz Media announced it had licensed the new adaptation , titled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viz Media", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The singles charted at number 63 , 76 , and 79 respectively on the Oricon chart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oricon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his autobiography he notes that he turned down a very lucrative offer to perform a concert at Madison Square Garden because he thought the venue was too large for him to connect to children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand .", "entity": [{"entity": "eaten by hand", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are often garnished with various condiments , such as salsa , guacamole , or sour cream , and vegetables , such as lettuce , onion , tomatoes , and chiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "salsa", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "guacamole", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "sour cream", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "chiles", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is anthropological evidence that the indigenous people living in the lake region of the Valley of Mexico traditionally ate tacos filled with small fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valley of Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , \" soft tacos \" are tacos made with wheat flour tortillas and filled with the same ingredients as a hard taco .", "entity": [{"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tacodilla contains melted cheese in between the two folded tortillas , thus resembling a quesadilla .", "entity": [{"entity": "quesadilla", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still not convinced , he approached Meg Ryan who turned it down as well for its gruesome themes and then Laura Dern , of whom the studio was skeptical as not being a bankable choice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meg Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Laura Dern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was released on VHS on August 27 , 2002 and on DVD on March 6 , 2001 by MGM Home Entertainment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MGM Home Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 96 % of 97 film critics have given the film a positive review , with an average rating of 8.87 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , the film was listed as one of the 100 greatest films in the past 100 years by the American Film Institute .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Film Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Known for his pace , his playing style was sometimes compared to that of Marc Overmars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Overmars", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the license lapsed , Tokyopop acquired it and released the manga 's first volume on March 10 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tokyopop", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ten-episode live-action TV series adaptation of the manga aired on TBS entitled .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" song sparrow \" ( \" Melospiza melodia \" ) is a medium-sized American sparrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "American sparrow", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the native sparrows in North America , it is easily one of the most abundant , variable and adaptable species .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song sparrow is a very rare vagrant to western Europe , with a few recorded in Great Britain and Norway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Great Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the myriad subspecies of the song sparrow and the extremely varied climate of southern California , where many of these subspecies make their homes , physiological studies were undertaken to determine how climatic conditions and local environment influenced the bill size of \" M. melodia \" subspecies .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although one bird will know many songs - as many as 20 different tunes with as many as 1000 improvised variations on the basic theme , - unlike thrushes , the song sparrow usually repeats the same song many times before switching to a different song .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrushes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song sparrow is one of the most polytypic bird species in North America , rivaling other variable species on a global scale , such as the horned lark , the yellow wagtail , the golden whistler , and the island thrush .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "horned lark", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located up the northern part of the Königstuhl hillside , and thereby dominates the view of the old downtown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Königstuhl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By moving down into the plain , the prince-elector was able to construct a new palace , Mannheim Palace , that met his every wish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mannheim Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1784 , the vaults in the Ottoheinrich wing were filled in , and the castle used as a source of building materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottoheinrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the beginning of the nineteenth century , the ruined castle had become a symbol for the patriotic movement against Napoleon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Napoleon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1868 , the poet Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter argued for a complete reconstruction , leading to a strong backlash in public meetings and in the press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tamoxifen , for example , is an antagonist in breast and is , therefore , used as a breast cancer treatment but an ER agonist in bone ( thereby preventing osteoporosis ) and a partial agonist in the endometrium ( increasing the risk of uterine cancer ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "uterine cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [236, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the alleged root of the word βάρβαρος , which is an echomimetic or onomatopoeic word .", "entity": [{"entity": "onomatopoeic", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greek attitudes towards \" barbarians \" developed in parallel with the growth of chattel slavery - especially in Athens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Athens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually the term found a hidden meaning through the folk etymology of Cassiodorus ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cassiodorus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The renowned orator Demosthenes ( 384 – 322 B.C. ) made derogatory comments in his speeches , using the word \" barbarian \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Demosthenes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As H. W. Janson comments , the sculpture conveys the message that \" they knew how to die , barbarians that they were \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. W. Janson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sought Brad Pitt or Val Kilmer for the role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brad Pitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Val Kilmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The filming helped establish New South Wales as a major film production center .", "entity": [{"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have also been those , including philosopher William Irwin , who have suggested that the film explores significant philosophical and spiritual themes .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Irwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an 88 % of positive reviews , with a weighted average score of 7.68 / 10 based upon a sample of 150 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four , he praised the film 's visuals and premise , but disliked the third act 's focus on action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was in early stages of developing a relaunch of the franchise with Zak Penn in talks to write a treatment and interest in getting Michael B. Jordan attached to star .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zak Penn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "Michael B. Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He supported the early New Deal programs but came to oppose most of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's domestic policies .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paris Hilton was first brought to the public 's attention by this show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris Hilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his major league debut on April 12 , 1986 , but after limited success was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays on July 6 for pitcher Doyle Alexander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "Doyle Alexander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After missing the entire 1994 season due to biceps tendinitis , he retired from the Toronto Blue Jays after pitching four games during the 1995 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "tendinitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He occasionally fills in for regular colour commentator Joe Siddall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Siddall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are tied with the San Jose Giants in having the most titles among the league 's active franchises .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jose Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a disease that has been added to screening programs in several jurisdictions around the world , despite the lack of evidence as to whether early detection improves the clinical outcome for a patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Guthrie introduced the newborn screening test for PKU in the early 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Guthrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ( MCADD ) , which had been implicated in several cases of sudden infant death syndrome was one of the first conditions targeted for inclusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "sudden infant death syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [105, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Kingdom as well as many European Union countries screen for CF as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Undiagnosed hearing loss in a child can have serious effects on many developmental areas , including language , social interactions , emotions , cognitive ability , academic performance and vocational skills , any combination of which can have negative impacts on the quality of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adrenoleukodystrophy ( ALD ) , a peroxisomal disease that has a variable clinical presentation is one of the disorders that has become a target for those seeking to identify patients early .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrenoleukodystrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because newborn screening programs test for a number of different conditions , a number of different laboratorial methodologies are used , as well as bedside testing for hearing loss using evoked auditory potentials and congenital heart defects using pulse oximetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme assays are used to screen for galactosemia and biotinidase deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactosemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "biotinidase deficiency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoassays measure thyroid hormones for the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism and 17α - hydroxyprogesterone for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital hypothyroidism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "congenital adrenal hyperplasia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [136, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular techniques are used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and severe combined immunodeficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystic fibrosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "severe combined immunodeficiency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [71, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard and underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to get it down to a suitable length .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sidney Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It made its network television debut in November of that year ; NBC paid $ 5 \" million for a one-off airing , and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anne Edwards was commissioned to write the sequel as a novel which would then be adapted into a screenplay , and published in conjunction with the film 's release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anne Edwards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , radioactivity of this nuclear isomer has never been observed , and only a lower limit on its half-life of 2.0 \" × \" 10 \" years has been set .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the large-scale producers of niobium are in Brazil and Canada , the ore there also yields a small percentage of tantalum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some other countries such as China , Ethiopia , and Mozambique mine ores with a higher percentage of tantalum , and they produce a significant percentage of the world 's output of it .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Ethiopia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Mozambique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tantalum is also produced in Thailand and Malaysia as a by-product of the tin mining there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future sources of supply of tantalum , in order of estimated size , are being explored in Saudi Arabia , Egypt , Greenland , China , Mozambique , Canada , Australia , the United States , Finland , and Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Mozambique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States Geological Survey reports in its yearbook that this region produced a little less than 1 % of the world 's tantalum output in 2002 – 2006 , peaking at 10 % in 2000 and 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Geological Survey", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high stiffness of tantalum makes it necessary to use it as highly porous foam or scaffold with lower stiffness for hip replacement implants to avoid stress shielding .", "entity": [{"entity": "stress shielding", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After attending Tufts University , he joined the series with little voice acting experience , but became a regular in its second season , with many of his performances on the show being based on famous actors and characters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tufts University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally known as a comedic actor , he has also taken on more dramatic roles , including the TV films \" Tuesdays With Morrie \" ( 1999 ) and \" Uprising \" ( 2001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tuesdays With Morrie", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [106, 126]}, {"entity": "Uprising", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He eventually selected a voice similar to that of Paul Winchell 's from the cartoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Winchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , the family moved to New York , renting a home on 80th Street , with plans to make a final decision on where to live in two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "80th Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He enjoys the music of Elvis Costello , and has stated that he would have been a therapist if he were not an actor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elvis Costello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King 's professional baseball career began on June 1 , , when the Cincinnati Reds selected him in the eighth round of the amateur draft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was on the move again , however , during the winter of joining the St. Louis Cardinals along with fellow pitchers Jason Marquis and Adam Wainwright .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "Jason Marquis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Adam Wainwright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Washington Nationals on a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training the following winter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Nationals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the western side of the fault in Genesee County the escarpment achieves its greatest prominence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genesee County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wide distribution implies either a very large seasonal migration of ancient peoples or long-distance trade routes , with both likely being the case at different times throughout the prehistory of the Great Lakes region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Lakes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company soon made a statement of releasing all rights to the game to Activision upon request .", "entity": [{"entity": "Activision", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 1 , 2009 the team said that in the next couple of months they would be working to put the finishing touches on the game and submit it to Vivendi Games , Inc for approval .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vivendi Games , Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to legal issues with Vivendi Games , Inc in 2005 , and parent company Activision throughout 2009 - 10 , the title has been changed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vivendi Games , Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "Activision", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Acutiramus \" was able to surpass 2 metres ( 6.6 \" ft ) , and \" Jaekelopterus \" could reach 2.6 metres ( 8.5 \" ft ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acutiramus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "Jaekelopterus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and John William Salter recognized that it was possible to divide these species into subgenera based on the morphology of the telsons .", "entity": [{"entity": "John William Salter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fossils referred to \" P. australis \" , consisting of four fragments making up about half of a segment that were discovered during the process of excavations beneath Melbourne during the construction of new drainage works for the city in 1899 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melbourne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species \" P. nobilis \" , described in 1872 , is based on a small and fragmentary chelicera found in what today is the Czech Republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Czech Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cogger has rejected the use of the junior name \" Niveoscincus \" and recognizes the valid senior generic name \" Carinascincus \" for the group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cogger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For similar skinks see genera \" Pseudemoia \" , \" Lampropholis \" , and \" Bassiana \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pseudemoia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Lampropholis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Bassiana", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , he suffered a wrist injury on June 17 while diving into first base during a game against the Twins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 he pitched for the Seattle Mariners , Chicago Cubs and returned to the Texas Rangers in what would be his last full year before finishing his career with the New York Yankees in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the ordinary citizen , unless he was a seafaring man or a merchant , could not afford the grand tour in Egypt , and did not consort with noble lawmakers such as Solon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Solon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story is told in Diogenes Laërtius ( loc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diogenes Laërtius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition Eudemus attributed to him the discovery that a circle is bisected by its diameter , that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal and that vertical angles are equal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eudemus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zeus was the very personification of supreme mind , dominating all the subordinate manifestations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zeus", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus is endemic to southern Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also a radio show starring Dana Andrews with 78 episodes that ran from April 23 , 1952 until October 14 , 1953 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dana Andrews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is not quite correct : she was put on the \" shortlist \" , but the award was given to Fanny Blankers-Koen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fanny Blankers-Koen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1983 : in Bratislava / ( Juniors ) In 2001 , the BBC claimed she has admitted to unknowingly taking prohibited substances in the early 1980 s under orders from her team doctors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bratislava", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Workload has been linked to a number of strains , including anxiety , physiological reactions such as cortisol , fatigue , backache , headache , and gastrointestinal problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1959 , he became an assistant to Shimon Peres , then vice-minister of defense .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shimon Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the ABC television network 's first big hit of the early 1950 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then gave a cameo to his TV replacement , John Hart .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Hart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It starred Klinton Spilsbury in his only motion picture appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klinton Spilsbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His lines were overdubbed by James Keach .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Keach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The narrator in the opening title was Marvin Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other \" guest voices \" were provided by Paul Winchell , Agnes Moorehead and Hans Conried .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Winchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Agnes Moorehead", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Hans Conried", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During World War II , the premiums adapted to the times .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were played by Vesa-Matti Loiri and Simo Salminen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vesa-Matti Loiri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "Simo Salminen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to oil man and film producer Jack Wrather in 1954 for $ 3 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Wrather", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broadway Video acquired the rights in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway Video", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UK Blu-Ray / DVD combo version of the film is the original , full length version .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was unhappy at prep school , but was then very happy at Eton College .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eton College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Secretary of State Sir Laming Worthington-Evans gave him a lot of responsibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laming Worthington-Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philip Ziegler writes that \" rarely can subject and author have been more satisfactorily matched \" as both men were worldly and disliked cant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Ziegler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was eventually published in 1932 by his nephew Rupert Hart-Davis to critical praise and lasting success .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rupert Hart-Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This brought him close to the Chancellor of the Exchequer Neville Chamberlain , who thought highly of him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neville Chamberlain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game did not receive any major positive ratings although it was a major sales success throughout Scandinavia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Mary McDonnell , Alfre Woodard , Vondie Curtis-Hall , David Strathairn , Leo Burmester , and Angela Bassett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary McDonnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Alfre Woodard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Vondie Curtis-Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "David Strathairn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "Leo Burmester", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Angela Bassett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , he got a small role on the television series \" Law & Order \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Law & Order", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has toured with Gavin DeGraw , Michael Tolcher , Ari Hest , and Graham Colton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gavin DeGraw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Michael Tolcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Ari Hest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Graham Colton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a long legal battle , he was acquitted of any wrongdoing ; and his accuser , General James Wilkinson , was ordered to issue an apology .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Wilkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He contracted smallpox and was treated harshly by his captors during his months-long imprisonment .", "entity": [{"entity": "smallpox", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harry Innes presided over the trial , which commenced November 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Innes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The allegations include trying to access former Prime Minister Gordon Brown 's voice mail , and obtain information from his bank accounts , family 's medical records , and private legal files .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gordon Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other notable attendees included Newt Gingrich and Nicole Kidman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newt Gingrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Nicole Kidman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" tiger \" ( \" Panthera tigris \" ) is the largest extant cat species and a member of the genus \" Panthera \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panthera", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tiger is the national animal of India , Bangladesh , Malaysia and South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sondaica \" in the Greater Sunda Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greater Sunda Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tiger 's skull is similar to a lion 's skull , with the frontal region usually less depressed or flattened , and a slightly longer postorbital region .", "entity": [{"entity": "lion", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not an albino , as the black pigments are scarcely affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "albino", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inbreeding depression is the main reason for many health problems of captive white tigers , including strabismus , stillbirth , deformities and premature death .", "entity": [{"entity": "strabismus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "stillbirth", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other physical defects include cleft palate and scoliosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "scoliosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radio-collared tigers in Chitwan National Park started dispersing from their natal areas earliest at the age of 19 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chitwan National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although almost exclusively carnivorous , tigers will occasionally eat vegetation for dietary fibre such as fruit of the slow match tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "slow match tree", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The considerably smaller leopard avoids competition from tigers by hunting at different times of the day and hunting different prey .", "entity": [{"entity": "leopard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current conservation efforts are led by local governments and NGO 's in concert with international organisations , such as the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Wildlife Conservation Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 153]}, {"entity": "Wildlife Conservation Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [162, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tiger has been one of the big five game animals of Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the trading of tiger parts in Asia has become a major black market industry and governmental and conservation attempts to stop it have been ineffective to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 2004 online poll conducted by cable television channel Animal Planet , involving more than 50,000 viewers from 73 countries , the tiger was voted the world 's favourite animal with 21 % of the vote , narrowly beating the dog .", "entity": [{"entity": "Animal Planet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the primary treatment for fibrothorax .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrothorax", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Debra Winger , Shirley MacLaine , Jack Nicholson , Danny DeVito , Jeff Daniels , and John Lithgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Debra Winger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Shirley MacLaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Jack Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Danny DeVito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Jeff Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "John Lithgow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larry McMurtry , writer of the novel on which the screenplay was based , had received his M.A. at Rice University , a mere three miles from the home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry McMurtry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Rice University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a 78 % approval rating based on 54 reviews , with a weighted average of 7.5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the cancellation of \" Star Trek : Enterprise \" , \" SmackDown \" moved into its former timeslot on Friday nights for the 2005 – 06 season , beginning September 9 , 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek : Enterprise", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", featuring a main event between Dolph Ziggler and Seth Rollins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dolph Ziggler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Seth Rollins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family subsequently moved to Munich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Klaus Mann had dealt openly from the beginning with his own homosexuality in his literary work , critically referring to his father 's \" sublimation \" in his diary , whereas daughter Erika Mann and younger son Golo Mann came out only later in their lives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus Mann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Erika Mann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "Golo Mann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as \" [ one ] of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marco Beltrami", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was part of the 1972 and 1973 College World Series championship teams under longtime head coach Rod Dedeaux .", "entity": [{"entity": "College World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "Rod Dedeaux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many interiors were decorated by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rooms were completed stage by stage over the following decades , but the whole was not completed until 1811 under Charles Heathcote Tatham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Heathcote Tatham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars the voices of John Ritter , Victor Buono , James Gregory , James Earl Jones , and Harry Morgan .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Ritter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Victor Buono", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "James Gregory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "James Earl Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "Harry Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opening song is sung by Don McLean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don McLean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also a LaserDisc release from which some VHS copies were produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaserDisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original score was composed by Maury Laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maury Laws", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Executions were not resumed until the administration of his successor , Bob Graham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After retirement he held various scouting and consulting positions with Florida Marlins , Pittsburgh Pirates , Los Angeles Dodgers , and the New York Mets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida Marlins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 108]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his league debut on 14 August 2004 in a 1 – 1 draw with Bastia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bastia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His league debut came on 11 September 2005 , a 2 – 0 defeat to Botafogo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botafogo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2006 , he moved to Argentina , signing for River Plate on loan , where he quickly became a key player and squad captain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "River Plate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a productive spring , he made the major league team as a backup to Richie Sexson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richie Sexson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he became acquainted with Stepanos Nazarian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stepanos Nazarian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In prison he acquired rheumatism .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then exiled to the city of Kamyshin in the Saratov Governorate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kamyshin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Saratov Governorate", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having already contracted tuberculosis , he also frequently had a high fever .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1859 essay on Alexander von Humboldt , he argued that science should serve humanity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander von Humboldt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He greatly appreciated Giuseppe Verdi 's works and was particularly amazed by \" Il trovatore \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giuseppe Verdi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Il trovatore", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his literary career , however , he mostly used standard vernacular Eastern Armenian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eastern Armenian", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also translated poems by Alexander Pushkin , Mikhail Lermontov , Heinrich Heine , and Pierre-Jean de Béranger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Pushkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Lermontov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Heine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Pierre-Jean de Béranger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played college football at Michigan State University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michigan State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is tied with voice actors Tomomichi Nishimura and Nobuo Tobita .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tomomichi Nishimura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "Nobuo Tobita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first race in Canada ended after eight laps because of engine failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then proceeded to put in what many consider as the drive of the day to eventually finish 3rd ( without ever losing a lap ) behind Roberto Moreno ( winner ) and Keke Rosberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Moreno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Keke Rosberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 July 2011 , he completed a one-year loan move to Nacional de Nova Serrana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nacional de Nova Serrana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some scholars , such as David Griffin , state that the free will , or the assumption of greater good through free will , does not apply to animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Griffin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Luther and Calvin explained evil as a consequence of the fall of man and the original sin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luther", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Calvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 10th - century Rabbi called Saadia Gaon presented a theodicy along the lines of \" soul-making , greater good and afterlife \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saadia Gaon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reserve is in the southern part of the Albion Mountains , bordered on the east by the Raft River valley and to the north by the Snake River valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albion Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "Raft River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Snake River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within its range , the crimson columbine can be found in most kinds of habitat ( chaparral , oak woodland , mixed-evergreen or coniferous forest ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not found on desert floors , nor at altitudes above 3300 \" metres , and it is absent from the Central Valley of California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum features a collection of over 7,000 Lionel model engines , cars and accessories , a large model train layout , a children ’s activity center , and a gift shop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lionel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An upbeat dance and house track called \" Rescue Me \" was also added to the compilation as a new song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rescue Me", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Justify My Love \" was released as the album 's lead single on November 6 , 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Justify My Love", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was formed in 1985 by guitarist Scott Kelly , bassist Dave Edwardson , and drummer Jason Roeder , initially as a hardcore punk band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "Dave Edwardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Jason Roeder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The killer was later identified as Ted Bundy , who was executed for this and other homicides on January 24 , 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Bundy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first remake was directed by Glen Morgan and was released on December 25 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glen Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrea Martin was the only original cast member to appear in the film , and Bob Clark served as an executive producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrea Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Bob Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starring Imogen Poots and Cary Elwes , the film was released on December 13 , 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imogen Poots", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Cary Elwes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1873 was built the oatmeal mill that would ultimately become the flagship operation of the Quaker Oats Company , and the largest cereal mill in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quaker Oats Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muslim presence in the area dates to 1895 when the first immigrants arrived from the Beqaa Valley in today 's Lebanon and Syria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beqaa Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Don Canney , the longest-serving mayor in city history , served for twenty-two years under this system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Canney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area has also produced professional athletes such as Landon Cassill , Joey Gase , Ryan Sweeney , Trent Green , Zach Johnson , and Kurt Warner , as well as Mark Walter , co-owner and chairman of baseball 's Los Angeles Dodgers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Landon Cassill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Joey Gase", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Ryan Sweeney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Trent Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Zach Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "Kurt Warner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "Mark Walter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [210, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early years of the twentieth century saw tone clusters elevated to central roles in pioneering works by ragtime artists Jelly Roll Morton and Scott Joplin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jelly Roll Morton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 141]}, {"entity": "Scott Joplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1910 s , two classical avant-gardists , composer-pianists Leo Ornstein and Henry Cowell , were recognized as making the first extensive explorations of the tone cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo Ornstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Henry Cowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the same period , Charles Ives employed them in several compositions that were not publicly performed until the late 1920 s or 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Ives", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composers such as Béla Bartók and , later , Lou Harrison and Karlheinz Stockhausen became proponents of the tone cluster , which feature in the work of many 20th - and 21st - century classical composers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Béla Bartók", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Lou Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tone clusters play a significant role , as well , in the work of free jazz musicians such as Cecil Taylor and Matthew Shipp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cecil Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "Matthew Shipp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the keyboard sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti ( 1685 – 1757 ) , we find a more daring and idiosyncratic use of tone clusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Domenico Scarlatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though much of his work was made public only years later , Charles Ives had been exploring the possibilities of the tone cluster - which he referred to as the \" group chord \" - for some time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Ives", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The choral compositions of Eric Whitacre often employ clusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric Whitacre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chord clusters also feature in the scores of arranger Gil Evans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gil Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critic Robert Palmer called the \" tart tone cluster \" that \" pierces a song 's surfaces and penetrates to its heart \" a specialty of guitarist Jim Hall 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Palmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Jim Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" shō \" also inspired Benjamin Britten in creating the instrumental texture of his 1964 dramatic church parable \" Curlew River \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin Britten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "Curlew River", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A railway and the port of Lomé were built for export of agricultural products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lomé", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The residents of British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast as part of the new independent nation of Ghana in 1957 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Togoland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Gold Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first presidential elections in 1961 , Sylvanus Olympio became the first president , gaining 100 % of the vote in elections boycotted by the opposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sylvanus Olympio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The military handed over power to an interim government led by Nicolas Grunitzky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolas Grunitzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He created the Rally of the Togolese People Party , banned activities of other political parties and introduced a one-party system in November 1969 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rally of the Togolese People Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enabled him to defeat his closest challenger , the former prime minister Agbeyome Kodjo who had 18 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agbeyome Kodjo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common birds are storks , cranes and marabou .", "entity": [{"entity": "cranes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the town of Aného reports of a general civilian uprising followed by a large scale massacre by government troops went largely unreported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aného", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From north to south the regions are Savanes , Kara , Centrale , Plateaux and Maritime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Savanes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Kara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Centrale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Plateaux", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Maritime", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total military expenditures during the fiscal year of 2005 totalled 1.6 % of the country 's GDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiscal year", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major crops are cassava , jasmine rice , maize and millet .", "entity": [{"entity": "cassava", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "jasmine rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "maize", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "millet", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A permanent problem is the lack of electricity , because the country is able to produce only about a third of its consumption , the rest is covered by imports from Ghana and Nigeria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main exports are cocoa , coffee , re-export of goods , phosphates and cotton .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocoa", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major export partners are Burkina Faso ( 16.6 % ) , China ( 15.4 % ) , the Netherlands ( 13 % ) , Benin ( 9.6 % ) and Mali ( 7.4 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burkina Faso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "Benin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Mali", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plastics technician Paul Ahyi is internationally recognized today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Ahyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He practiced the \" zota \" , a kind of pyroengraving , and his monumental achievements decorate Lomé .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lomé", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also took over as acting head coach in February 2009 after Heyneke Meyer resigned due to family reasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heyneke Meyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Afterwards he went to IFK Mariehamn and IF Brommapojkarna , in a deal that also saw Rigobert Song going the other way .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFK Mariehamn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "IF Brommapojkarna", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Rigobert Song", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pauline Betz was there at the same time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauline Betz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium was completed for the first Ottawa Redblacks home game on July 18 , 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ottawa Redblacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the invitation of George Eastman he was conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra from 1923 to 1931 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Eastman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1931 to 1946 he succeeded Fritz Reiner as the conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Reiner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He conducted the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and other groups , and was the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 42]}, {"entity": "NSW State Conservatorium of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His former student Richard Bonynge visited him near the end of his life , and found him \" absolutely destroyed \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Bonynge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighteen fanfares were written by the different composers and performed during the 1942 / 43 season of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long Brentwood bypass was opened in November 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brentwood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this work the old section as far as Wanstead was rebuilt as a dual carriageway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wanstead", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less than a month later and Martin O'Neill had snapped up the defender on a short-term deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite only making one appearance for Celtic in that time , he was rewarded with a two-year contract in July 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother , Charlotte Champe Stearns ( 1843 – 1929 ) , wrote poetry and was a social worker , a new profession in the early 20th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Champe Stearns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This introduced him to Jules Laforgue , Arthur Rimbaud , and Paul Verlaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jules Laforgue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Arthur Rimbaud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Paul Verlaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also known for hosting \" Truth or Consequences \" from 1956 to 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Truth or Consequences", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1950 , he moved to California in order to pursue a career in broadcasting .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is at least one ( somewhat low-quality ) clip of the pilot on the video sharing website YouTube .", "entity": [{"entity": "YouTube", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In early 1972 , Mark Goodson and Bill Todman began shopping a modernized revival of \" The Price Is Right \" to stations , with Dennis James as host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Goodson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Bill Todman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "The Price Is Right", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [86, 104]}, {"entity": "Dennis James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was admitted to George Washington University Hospital and diagnosed with a partially blocked left carotid artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Washington University Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They called an ambulance that brought him to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , where he received stitches for an injured forehead and was released ; he also hurt his left knee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedars-Sinai Medical Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss at 22 of his father and an older brother Herbert marked him deeply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later enrolled at the Peirce School of Business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peirce School of Business", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first national title was winning the mixed doubles championships with Mary Browne in 1913 and they successfully defended the title in 1914 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Browne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the winter of 1919 – 20 , he moved to Rhode Island where , on an indoor court , he devoted himself to remodeling his relatively ineffective backhand into a much more effective one .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 95-match winning streak from 1924 to 1925 is ahead of Don Budge and Roy Emerson , and also his best win-loss single season coming in 1920 at 98.73 % , 78 – 1 , places him ahead of John McEnroe and Jimmy Connors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Budge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Roy Emerson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "John McEnroe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Connors", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was his former boss Kevin Keegan that handed him the role of looking after the club 's young talents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Keegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , 2002 's \" Never a Dull Moment \" , has tones of rap metal and electronica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Never a Dull Moment", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The self-titled debut album \" Rock Star Supernova \" was released on November 21 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rock Star Supernova", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "List of ten cities , including the capital Baku , with the largest urban population in 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baku", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a \" list of cities in Peru \" by population .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is most known for his playing time at Celtic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area had a reputation for violence until local lawmen , Wyatt Earp among them , began to assertively police the cowboys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wyatt Earp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1914 and 1915 , deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered in nearby Butler County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butler County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the more historic neighborhoods , along with Delano on the west side and Midtown in the north-central city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delano", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Midtown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The short-lived 1959 – 1960 television western \" Wichita Town \" was set during the city 's early years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wichita Town", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wichita Fire Department , organized in 1886 , operates 22 stations throughout the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wichita Fire Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the idea of creating intelligent artificial beings ( proposed , for example , by roboticist Hans Moravec ) has influenced transhumanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hans Moravec", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though some , such as Kevin Warwick , propose modification of the peripheral nervous system , the brain is considered the common denominator of personhood and is thus a primary focus of transhumanist ambitions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Warwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being situated in the rain shadow to the northeast of the Vatnajökull glacier , the area receives only about 450 \" mm of rainfall annually .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vatnajökull", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ash , or tephra from this eruption was wind-blown to Norway , Sweden , Germany and Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norway", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He re-entered the draft in 1990 ; he was selected in the first round , seventh overall , by the Cincinnati Reds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1996 season was also his first working with starting pitcher Jamie Moyer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie Moyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay by Andrea Gibb focuses on a young single mother whose love for her son prompts her to perpetuate a deception designed to protect him from the truth about his father .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrea Gibb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in May 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tribeca Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film holds an 81 % \" certified fresh \" rating by top film critics on \" Rotten Tomatoes \" based on 109 reviews , and a 91 % positive rating based on 30,379 user reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blazing the new route had slowed the group , who reached the Sierra Nevada late in the fall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sierra Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not certain if wagons could take the route , but some had recently headed for the trail to try , so the group found a guide by name of Jefferson Hunt who had previously traveled the route and agreed to lead them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jefferson Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These individuals would become part of a story of human suffering in a place which they named Death Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Death Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later attended UCLA but dropped out during his sophomore year to pursue a career in entertainment .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCLA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was accompanied by his friend who had merged with a motorcycle , voiced by Owen Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Owen Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "celebrity edition along with Denis Leary , Jimmy Kimmel , and others and was handed the prize of in October 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denis Leary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Kimmel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their first son was born in June 2006 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedars-Sinai Medical Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 68]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 17-year career , he played for the Oakland Athletics , San Francisco Giants , and Kansas City Royals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Athletics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Kansas City Royals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also Jesse Hudson , New York Mets pitcher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jesse Hudson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the country 's first professional player when he signed for France 's Toulouse FC in 1952 .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Toulouse FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located west of the San Joaquin Valley and south of San Francisco Bay and the Santa Clara Valley , or Silicon Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Joaquin Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "Santa Clara Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "Silicon Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On October 6 , 2014 , it was announced that a limited series would air on Showtime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Showtime", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the original cast returns , including Kyle MacLachlan , Mädchen Amick , Sherilyn Fenn , Sheryl Lee , Ray Wise , and several others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kyle MacLachlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Mädchen Amick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Sherilyn Fenn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Sheryl Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Ray Wise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additions include Jeremy Davies , Laura Dern , Robert Forster , Tim Roth , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Amanda Seyfried , Matthew Lillard , and Naomi Watts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeremy Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Laura Dern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Robert Forster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "Tim Roth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Jennifer Jason Leigh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "Amanda Seyfried", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 113]}, {"entity": "Matthew Lillard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "Naomi Watts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cast includes several actors who had risen to fame in the 1950 s and 1960 s , including 1950 s film stars Richard Beymer , Piper Laurie , and Russ Tamblyn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Beymer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "Piper Laurie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "Russ Tamblyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2014 , Lynch confirmed the Blu-ray release and that it would contain the pilot , season 1 , season 2 , and new special features , and possibly the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , Kyle MacLachlan returned reluctantly as he wanted to avoid typecasting , so his presence in the film is smaller than originally planned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kyle MacLachlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 she graduated from high school in Lac La Biche .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lac La Biche", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family moved to Calgary where she had her own general law practice from 1981 – 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently plays for Sport Boys in Peru .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sport Boys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is married to her second husband , composer D'Jalma Garnier .", "entity": [{"entity": "D'Jalma Garnier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While backstage at Bob Dylan 's concert in Prague , she met Václav Havel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Dylan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Prague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Václav Havel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of her early idols was Bob Dylan because she admired the \" surreal images and obscured meanings in a language that rolled off the tongue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Dylan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome , founded on its eastern banks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The springs are in a beech forest above sea level .", "entity": [{"entity": "beech", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an eagle on the top of the column , part of its fascist symbolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural gas service is supplied by Atmos Energy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atmos Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born on 30 November 1959 in Bruges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruges", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also teaches at the Brussels conservatory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brussels", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He entered in 1978 the Antwerp conservatory to study early music and recorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antwerp", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frederic Rzewski , Henri Pousseur and Garrett List were among his teachers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frederic Rzewski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Henri Pousseur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Garrett List", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded there with Vincent Herring and Jack DeJohnette .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincent Herring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Jack DeJohnette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was promoted to temporary general in November 1974 , and was chosen to command the United States Army Forces Command at Fort McPherson from 1974 to 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Army Forces Command", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 119]}, {"entity": "Fort McPherson", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His innovations and reforms were continued under his successor , General Edward C. Meyer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward C. Meyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outdoors he had a best of 44.82 in Lausanne , which he followed with a clear win at the AAAs in 45.36 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lausanne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "his second marriage was to Miriam Stern ( 1972 – 92 ) , whom he left to begin a relationship with actress Felicity Kendal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miriam Stern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Felicity Kendal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 he married Sabrina Guinness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sabrina Guinness", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a summer in the early 1970 s , she was a live-in secretary / babysitter for Anita Bryant at her home in Miami .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anita Bryant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In 1991 she christened the Carnival Ecstasy , the 2nd of the Fantasy Class of cruise ships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnival Ecstasy", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "Fantasy Class", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The premiere starred actress Carolee Carmello in the lead role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carolee Carmello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She appeared with President Bill Clinton at the White House in support of the government 's initiatives to counter international sweatshop abuses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After finishing the secondary school in Jasło he started working as a teacher and headmaster in Garwolin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jasło", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Garwolin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he walked their Rottweiler , neighbors said , he often carried a pistol with him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottweiler", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It features the voices of Shia LaBeouf , Jeff Bridges , Zooey Deschanel , Jon Heder , Mario Cantone , James Woods , and Diedrich Bader among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shia LaBeouf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Jeff Bridges", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Zooey Deschanel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Jon Heder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Mario Cantone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "James Woods", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Diedrich Bader", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars WWE superstars John Cena , Triple H , The Undertaker , Vince McMahon , and Paige .", "entity": [{"entity": "WWE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "John Cena", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Triple H", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "The Undertaker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Vince McMahon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "Paige", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is known commonly as \" desert willow \" or \" desert-willow \" because of its willow-like leaves , but it is not a true willow being instead a member of the catalpa family .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalpa", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [157, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The linear , curved , deciduous leaves are 10 to 26 \" cm long and just a few millimeters wide .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It originated in a botanic garden at Tashkent in Uzbekistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tashkent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Uzbekistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been used to treat fungal infections such as candidiasis and athlete 's foot , as well as wounds and cough .", "entity": [{"entity": "fungal infections", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "candidiasis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "athlete 's foot", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the manager of HB Køge .", "entity": [{"entity": "HB Køge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the summer 2002 arrival of new manager Michael Laudrup , new player Asbjørn Sennels was bought for the left side of the defence in the following December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Laudrup", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Asbjørn Sennels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 2018 became head coach of FK Trakai .", "entity": [{"entity": "FK Trakai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most industrialized countries , a phaseout of TEL from road vehicle fuels was completed by the early 2000 s because of concerns over air and soil lead levels and the accumulative neurotoxicity of lead .", "entity": [{"entity": "of lead", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [196, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , leaded motor fuel re-entered the UK market in small quantities from 2000 in response to lobbying from classic-car organisations who contended their vehicles would be rendered useless without leaded fuel .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leaded gasoline remained legal as of late 2014 in parts of Algeria , Iraq , Yemen , Myanmar , North Korea , and Afghanistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Algeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "Myanmar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1993 , Formula One racing cars have been required to use fuel containing a maximum of 5 \" mg / L of lead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Formula One", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later symptoms of acute TEL poisoning include pulmonary edema , anemia , ataxia , convulsions , severe weight loss , delirium , irritability , hallucinations , nightmares , fever , muscle and joint pain , swelling of the brain , coma , and damage to cardiovascular and renal organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary edema", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "swelling of the brain", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [205, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxicity of concentrated TEL was recognized early on , as lead had been recognized since the 19th century as a dangerous substance that could cause lead poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead poisoning", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [152, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1940 s and early 1950 s , Clair Cameron Patterson accidentally discovered the pollution caused by TEL in the environment while determining the age of the earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After coming up with a fairly accurate estimate of the age of the earth , he turned to investigating the lead contamination problem by examining ice cores from countries such as Greenland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1960 s , the first clinical works were published proving the toxicity of this compound in humans , e.g. by Mirosław Jan Stasik .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mirosław Jan Stasik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "India banned leaded petrol in March 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then embarked on a four-month tour with a full band , which resulted in the 1977 live album \" Season of Lights \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Season of Lights", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [98, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a relationship with singer / songwriter Jackson Browne in late 1970 to early 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson Browne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song \" Stoney End \" was performed by singer Sara Bareilles at the induction ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stoney End", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Sara Bareilles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film currently holds an 86 % approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on 87 reviews , with an average score of 6.71 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was released on Netflix in 2020 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netflix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as the 18th Governor of Florida after being a lawyer , county judge , and state representative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At FC Dynamo Kyiv from 2003 to 2005 he received limited playing time .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the younger brother of fellow professional footballer Deividas Česnauskis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deividas Česnauskis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its closest living relative is either the Tasmanian devil or the numbat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tasmanian devil", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "numbat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thylacine was one of only two marsupials to have a pouch in both sexes : the other is the water opossum .", "entity": [{"entity": "water opossum", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also sent a description of the Thylacine in a letter to Joseph Banks dated 30 March 1805 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1824 , it was separated out into its own genus , \" Thylacinus \" , by Temminck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temminck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thylacine resembled a large , short-haired dog with a stiff tail which smoothly extended from the body in a way similar to that of a kangaroo .", "entity": [{"entity": "kangaroo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently examined fossilised footprints also suggest historical distribution of the species on Kangaroo Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kangaroo Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2011 study by the University of New South Wales using advanced computer modelling indicated that the thylacine had surprisingly feeble jaws .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of New South Wales", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An animal killed in Sandy Cape at night in 1961 was tentatively identified as a thylacine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sandy Cape", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Researchers used the genome to study aspects of the thylacine 's evolution and natural history , including the genetic basis of its convergence with canids , clarifying its evolutionary relationships with other marsupials and examining changes in its population size over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "canids", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Townes Van Zandt also appears in a supporting role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Townes Van Zandt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1993 to June 2005 , Judy Woodruff was the host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Woodruff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town incorporated in 1888 , but in 1895 the county seat moved to nearby La Plata , which drew population away but left the town with its historic significance intact .", "entity": [{"entity": "La Plata", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town grew as it became a major port for the tobacco trade , with exports transported by ocean-going sailing ships .", "entity": [{"entity": "tobacco", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was following the American Revolutionary War .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [23, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most celebrated examples are found in Angkor , which served as the seat of the empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angkor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most notable are the hundreds of meters of relief sculpture at the temple of Borobudur in central Java .", "entity": [{"entity": "Borobudur", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately two miles of exquisite relief sculpture tell the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his teachings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buddha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some foreign painters have also settled in Indonesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are a magnificent group of caves that are only accessible by boat , about two hours upstream from the center of Luang Prabang , and have recently become more well known and frequented by tourists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luang Prabang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stood out amongst his peers and at the age of nine accepted a place at Leicester City 's football academy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He picked up a hamstring injury during a match against Newcastle United in January 2004 , which ruled him out of action for three weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal came with a header in the eighth minute against Manchester City , which was enough to earn a 1 – 0 victory on 24 August .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored one more goal before the end of the season , with the opening goal in a 1 – 1 draw with West Ham United .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the current chairman and executive director of Kerry Logistics Network .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kerry Logistics Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its northernmost point is near the mouth of the Susquehanna River , where the river enters the Chesapeake Bay , while on the south , it is bordered by the Gunpowder River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susquehanna River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "Chesapeake Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "Gunpowder River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was drafted by the Winnipeg Jets in 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winnipeg Jets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is highly urbanised , drawing many of its people from the neighbouring province of West Sumatra .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Sumatra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is connected by road to an oil refining and exporting port in Dumai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dumai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historian Robert Conquest describes a totalitarian state as one which recognizes no limit on its authority in any sphere of public or private life and it extends that authority to whatever length is feasible .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Conquest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Benito Mussolini , this system politicizes everything spiritual and human : \" Everything within the state , nothing outside the state , nothing against the state \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benito Mussolini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Michael Parenti and James Petras have suggested that the totalitarianism concept has been politically employed and used for anti-communist purposes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Parenti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "James Petras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other scholars , among them F. William Engdahl , Sheldon Wolin and Slavoj Žižek , have linked totalitarianism to capitalism and liberalism and used concepts such as inverted totalitarianism , totalitarian capitalism and totalitarian democracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "F. William Engdahl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "Sheldon Wolin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Slavoj Žižek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Shoshana Zuboff , economic pressures of modern surveillance capitalism are driving the intensification of connection and monitoring online with spaces of social life becoming open to saturation by corporate actors , directed at the making of profit and / or the regulation of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shoshana Zuboff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bertrand Russell also wrote in 1949 that \" modern techniques have made possible a new intensity of governmental control , and this possibility has been exploited very fully in totalitarian states \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bertrand Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philosopher Nick Bostrom has noted a possible trade-off , namely that some existential risks might be mitigated by a powerful permanent world government , but that such power could in turn enhance any existential risks associated with permanent dictatorship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Bostrom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" They \" holds a 38 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 56 reviews ; the average rating is 4.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salisbury is the principal city of this CSA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salisbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also a small settlement and port in Western Australia on the coast of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although most of the adjacent land is now vested in the Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park , small amounts of land nearby are freehold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to concerns for the animals themselves , the strandings are considered to increase the risk of shark attack , due to the attraction of the dead whales .", "entity": [{"entity": "shark attack", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree at Western Michigan University 's summer commencement exercises in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Michigan University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree at William Paterson College 's commencement exercises in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Paterson College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two highways ran concurrently out of town to the south through Muskegon Heights to Norton Shores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muskegon Heights", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 85]}, {"entity": "Norton Shores", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This street was named in honor of George Washington for his service as the \" father of his country \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was recruited by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lilly helps run a soccer camp with Mia Hamm and Tisha Venturini-Hoch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mia Hamm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Tisha Venturini-Hoch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The character was played by movie actor William Boyd starting in 1935 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Boyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were noted for fast action and outdoor photography ( usually by Russell Harlan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russell Harlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theme music for the television show was written by Nacio Herb Brown ( music ) and L. Wolfe Gilbert ( lyrics ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nacio Herb Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "L. Wolfe Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of the show and tie-ins inspired juvenile television westerns such as \" The Range Rider \" , \" Tales of the Texas Rangers \" , \" Annie Oakley \" , \" The Gene Autry Show \" , and \" The Roy Rogers Show \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Range Rider", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Tales of the Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [106, 132]}, {"entity": "Annie Oakley", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "The Gene Autry Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "The Roy Rogers Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [188, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then travelled to Prague , where he studied law but continued to learn music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prague", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent some time in Paris , where he established that some symphonies that had been published as the work of Joseph Haydn were in fact his work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Joseph Haydn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weapons were ceremonially burnt in 1996 in Timbuktu as a symbolic conclusion to the conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timbuktu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He chose Alice Middleton , a widow , to head his household and care for his small children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice Middleton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardinal John Fisher and some other clergy refused to sign .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Fisher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month , according to the normal custom for traitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "London Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Fred Zinnemann and adapted for the screen by the playwright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Zinnemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 Charlton Heston starred in and directed a made-for-television film that restored the character of \" the common man \" that had been cut from the 1966 film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlton Heston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has stimulated heritage tourism to the region , reviving and adding to businesses in the parish seat of Natchitoches and leading to other positive developments in the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Natchitoches", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final , he faced Georgios Tsitas of Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgios Tsitas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He and Georgios Papasideris of Greece both lifted 90.0 kilograms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgios Papasideris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country , which usually takes place during autumn and winter , and can include weather conditions of rain , sleet , snow or hail , and a wide range of temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "autumn", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1973 the foremost elite competition has been the IAAF World Cross Country Championships .", "entity": [{"entity": "IAAF World Cross Country Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [55, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sweden took gold in 1912 , and Finland , led by Paavo Nurmi , captured the gold in 1920 and 1924 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Paavo Nurmi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "France was the next most successful country in the early years , winning 12 championships between 1922 and 1956 .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 900 men 's cross country teams and over 1000 women 's cross country teams compete in the three divisions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Collegiate Athletic Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in 1979 , the Foot Locker Cross Country Championships have offered a national championship for high school cross country runners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foot Locker Cross Country Championships", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system is relatively new to the game and is often attributed to the Randy Ferbey rink since they were the first major team to use the system , but it is not known whose idea it originally was .", "entity": [{"entity": "Randy Ferbey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast features Charles Bickford and Chuck Connors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Bickford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "Chuck Connors", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saul Bass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes , the film currently has an approval rating of 100 % based on 11 reviews , with an average rating of 6.9 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was perfect for industrialization - big enough for profit and expansion , yet small enough to be developed by local capital without interference from Boston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later , in 1847 , the first regular steamboat service to New York City began .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The once mighty American Printing Company finally closed for good in 1934 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Printing Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the demise of the textile industry , many of the city 's mills were occupied by smaller companies , some in the garment industry , traditionally based in the New York City area but attracted to New England by the lure of cheap factory space and an eager workforce in need of jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [163, 176]}, {"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2005 study by the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth has given it at 49.6 % while other sources give it as 43.9 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Massachusetts Dartmouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game was first introduced to the city in the 1880 s by the arrival of immigrants from Lancashire and Glasgow who worked in the local textile industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lancashire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In later decades the arrival of immigrants from Portugal helped to sustain the game 's popularity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prominent peak of Hårteigen is visible across much of the plateau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hårteigen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its wild reindeer herds are among the largest in the world , with some 15,000 animals recorded in 1996 and about 8,000 in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "reindeer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is still a key transit route between Oslo and Bergen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oslo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "Bergen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little information was given about these private performances , but the tour kicked off in Brighton in late January , 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brighton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a bird of open country and cultivation , with bushes for nesting .", "entity": [{"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located approximately north of Brisbane , the state 's capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brisbane", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also became known as \" Pitbull \" by supporters because of his fierce approach , in addition to a powerful outside shot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pitbull", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later , with conflict on the horizon , he was transferred to Chad , arriving in Fort Lamy on 4 January 1939 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "Fort Lamy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ultimately gave Charles de Gaulle 's faction control of the rest of French Equatorial Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles de Gaulle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "French Equatorial Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also took an interest in the careers of individuals who would later become significant in their own rights , including Jean-Hilaire Aubame and Jean Rémy Ayouné .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Hilaire Aubame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "Jean Rémy Ayouné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small street near La Défense was named for him .", "entity": [{"entity": "La Défense", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had originally planned to compete in just the 1500 \" m but a victory over Jolanda Čeplak before the games had many saying she should take her chance in the 800 \" m as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jolanda Čeplak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 1470 , under Albert IV ( 1465 – 1508 ) , the fortress walls and the gate in the north were built , followed by the construction of two turrets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert IV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "King Ludwig III ( 1912 – 1918 ) occupied the palace for only a short period before the revolution of 1918 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ludwig III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and likely preventing hypothermia in chicks .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tree swallow is considered to be least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Union for Conservation of Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This swallow has to compete for nest sites with the common starling , house sparrow ( both introduced to North America ) , and the house wren ( which also destroys nests without occupying them ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "common starling", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "house sparrow", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "house wren", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the American Revolutionary War , the town became a center for privateering .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the American Revolution , many ships used as privateers were too large for short voyages in the coasting trade , and their owners determined to open new avenues of trade to distant countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Martin PBM Mariner , a hold-over from the war , became the primary rescue aircraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin PBM Mariner", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , a mahogany side chair with carving done by Samuel McIntire sold at auction for $ 662,500 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel McIntire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the cutback in service during the 2011 season , Mayor Kim Driscoll is now seeking a new operator who can run the ferry seven days a week from May to October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Driscoll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This made him senior to a number of officers , including Henry H. Arnold ( his superior at the time ) , with greater longevity of service .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry H. Arnold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sugars such as honey , brown sugar , and molasses are examples of sweeteners used to create more moist , chewy cakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "honey", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "brown sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "molasses", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The territory of Vrancea corresponds to the most seismically active zone of Romania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vrancea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The settlement was led by John Russell .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also taken up the post of international economic advisor for Hebei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's only full-length studio album , \" Rehab Doll \" , was released in 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rehab Doll", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following an intense touring schedule , the band went into the studio to record what would become its second studio album , \" Vs. \" , released in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vs.", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band released its seventh studio album , \" Riot Act \" , in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Riot Act", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", was released in August 2010 The fifth album , \" United We Stand \" , was released on April 24 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United We Stand", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first albums were the jazz-oriented \" Closing Time \" ( 1973 ) and \" The Heart of Saturday Night \" ( 1974 ) , which reflected his lyrical interest in nightlife , poverty , and criminality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Closing Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "The Heart of Saturday Night", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the summers , he visited maternal relatives in Gridley and Marysville .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gridley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Marysville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He developed a love of R&B and soul singers like Ray Charles , James Brown , and Wilson Pickett , as well as country music and Roy Orbison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "James Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Wilson Pickett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "Roy Orbison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting album , \" Closing Time \" , was released in March 1973 , although it attracted little attention and did not sell well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Closing Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July and August 1977 , he recorded his fourth studio album , \" Foreign Affairs \" ; Bob Alcivar had been employed as its arranger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foreign Affairs", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Bob Alcivar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That year , he began a relationship with the singer-songwriter Rickie Lee Jones ; her own work and style was influenced by him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rickie Lee Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His support act on the tour was Leon Redbone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leon Redbone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her grief at the breakup was channelled into the 1981 album \" Pirates \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pirates", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of its tracks , \" Jersey Girl \" , was subsequently covered by Bruce Springsteen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jersey Girl", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Bruce Springsteen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also came under the influence of Harry Partch , a composer who created his own instruments out of everyday materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Partch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was subsequently covered by Patty Smyth in 1987 , and later by Rod Stewart , where it reached the top five in 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patty Smyth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Rod Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their project was a \" cowboy opera \" titled \" The Black Rider \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Black Rider", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , \" The Black Rider \" , was released in the fall of 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Black Rider", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rolling Stone \" called it a \" triumph \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rolling Stone", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1970 s , he had a brief relationship with the comedian Elayne Boosler , an intermittent relationship with Bette Midler , as well as a relationship with Rickie Lee Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elayne Boosler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "Bette Midler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "Rickie Lee Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Boston Bruins on September 12 , 2015 , as the team ’s player development coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Bruins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was one , the family moved for a short time to Moorhead before moving to International Falls in 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moorhead", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "International Falls", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story is about a love affair set in Indonesia during the overthrow of President Sukarno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Sukarno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of filmmakers were interested in buying the rights to Christopher Koch 's novel including Phillip Noyce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Koch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "Phillip Noyce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was Peter Weir who was successful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Weir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Sharp wrote three more drafts , then David Williamson was brought on to do several more drafts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Sharp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "David Williamson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When released nationwide , the film ranked thirteenth in the box office grossing $ 1,716,040 on 690 theaters during the Presidents ' Day weekend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Presidents ' Day weekend", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [120, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an 88 % rating based on 32 reviews , with an average rating of 7.82 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also listed as the 40th greatest non-pitcher in major-league history according to Bill James 's win shares formula , one place ahead of Mark McGwire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Mark McGwire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was listed first followed by René Lacoste and Bill Tilden .", "entity": [{"entity": "René Lacoste", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Bill Tilden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectrum matches a classification of a C-type asteroid , which may mean it has a composition of primitive carbonaceous materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "C-type asteroid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of Massachusetts Lowell and Middlesex Community College expanded their programs and enrollment .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Massachusetts Lowell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "Middlesex Community College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Massachusetts State Police and Middlesex County Sheriff 's Office also work with local law enforcement to set up driver checkpoints for alcohol awareness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Massachusetts State Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Middlesex County Sheriff 's Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the growth of UMass Lowell and the impact of its faculty and students in areas of scientific research , engineering , and nursing , the city has seen rapid gentrification of several neighborhoods .", "entity": [{"entity": "UMass Lowell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As of April 2017 , the City Manager is Eileen M. Donghue replacing Kevin J. Murphy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eileen M. Donghue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Kevin J. Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The previously elected Tung Chee-hwa had long been an unpopular Chief executive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tung Chee-hwa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gave Donald Tsang , the Secretary of Administration at the time , the right to act as Chief Executive from 12 March to 25 May .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Tsang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then appointed Michael Suen as the new ( acting in the interim ) Chief Secretary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Suen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While attending general studies courses at Columbia University , he became acquainted with Margaret Mead , for whom he later worked .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "Margaret Mead", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later lived for many years in Paris , a city that he calls \" the heart of civilisation \" which figures significantly in all his novels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They discovered a petroglyph in the upper part of the canyon depicting the appearance of the Crab Nebula in 1054 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crab Nebula", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He met Anthony Braxton and studied his music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Braxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chorus and title started off from a mail conversation with Bob Hardy where he suggested the dark of a matinée performance was a utopian environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Hardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another part of the video sees the band dressed in white clothing and standing in front of a large photograph of Terry Wogan ( who is namechecked in the song ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Wogan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All lead vocals performed by Alex Kapranos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alex Kapranos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drama stars Frank Sinatra and Sterling Hayden , and features James Gleason and Nancy Gates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Sinatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Sterling Hayden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "James Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "Nancy Gates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a contemporary approval rating of 100 % based on nine reviews , with an average rating of 6.78 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A remastered colorized version by Legend Films was released to DVD on June 16 , 2009 , which also includes a newly restored print of the original black and white film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Legend Films", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While working in voice-over shows and advertisements in Los Angeles , she was hospitalized three times over the course of 18 months for nervous breakdowns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a Champions League match against Rosenborg in 2000 he set up the sixth goal in a 7 – 2 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "Rosenborg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club qualified for the UEFA Champions League in his first season by finishing fourth , their best finish in five years .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at the start of the following season , there were reports he was unhappy at the signings made by Bobby Robson in the summer of 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Robson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His partnership on the left wing with full back Olivier Bernard earned the two reputations as fans ' favourites for their displays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivier Bernard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 5 April , against D.C. United in the 4 – 1 loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "D.C. United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also selected for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 FIFA Confederations Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [29, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her rendition of \" Takes Two to Tango \" hit the top ten in 1952 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takes Two to Tango", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here she was a student of Wilfrid Desan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilfrid Desan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also appeared in commercials for Jell-O , and Westinghouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jell-O", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Westinghouse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "following sessions for their album \" To Bonnie from Delaney \" ( 1970 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "To Bonnie from Delaney", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [37, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and released in 1975 on Capricorn Records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capricorn Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later played junior ice hockey with his hometown Oshawa Generals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oshawa Generals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the embryo neuroblasts form the middle \" mantle layer \" of the neural tube wall which goes on to form the grey matter of the spinal cord .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disorders include , lissencephaly , microlissencephaly , pachygyria , and several types of gray matter heterotopia .", "entity": [{"entity": "lissencephaly", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "microlissencephaly", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "pachygyria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "gray matter heterotopia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [95, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study of the development of neuroblasts has been carried out largely on the fruit fly model organism \" Drosophila melanogaster \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila melanogaster", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [107, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This manifests in one of three forms : osteomyelitis , septic arthritis , and infection from a replacement joint surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteomyelitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "septic arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" S. aureus \" is one of the causal agents of mastitis in dairy cows .", "entity": [{"entity": "mastitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , MRSA generally remained an uncommon finding , even in hospital settings , until the 1990 s , when the MRSA prevalence in hospitals exploded , and it is now endemic .", "entity": [{"entity": "endemic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , glycopeptide antibiotics do not penetrate very well into infected tissues ( this is a particular concern with infections of the brain and meninges and in endocarditis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endocarditis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introduction of the bacteria into the bloodstream can lead to various complications , including endocarditis , meningitis , and , if it is widespread , sepsis .", "entity": [{"entity": "sepsis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , GlaxoSmithKline started a phase 1 blind study to evaluate its GSK2392103A vaccine .", "entity": [{"entity": "GlaxoSmithKline", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The video also starred veteran actors Graham Stark as the butler and Dandy Nichols .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Stark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Dandy Nichols", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 23 , 1994 , he set a then-NBA record with eight consecutive three-pointers in a single game against the Seattle SuperSonics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle SuperSonics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is next to Lake Michigan to the west and Muskegon Lake to the north .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Muskegon Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It co-stars William Finley and Jessica Harper .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Finley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Jessica Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He barely manages to escape the studio , falling into the East River as the police arrive .", "entity": [{"entity": "East River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , a global consortium began construction of one of the world 's largest xylene plants in Singapore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A condition called chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy , commonly known as \" organic solvent syndrome \" has been associated with xylene exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [19, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formerly , it was also called \" Urker Land \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urker Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former island of Schokland is now a museum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schokland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On October 3 , 1999 , he hit an inside-the-park grand slam against the New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 28 , he was designated for assignment as Curtis Granderson was activated from the disabled list .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curtis Granderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the St. Louis Cardinals on June 5 , and finished the season with them , becoming a free agent at the end of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It borders with Markermeer in the west and north , Lelystad in the northeast , Zeewolde in the east , and Gooimeer in the south .", "entity": [{"entity": "Markermeer", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "Lelystad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Zeewolde", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "Gooimeer", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Family trips abroad , including tours of Europe in 1869 and 1870 , and Egypt in 1872 , shaped his cosmopolitan perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biographer H. W. Brands argued that \" The most obvious drawback to his home schooling was uneven coverage of the various areas of human knowledge \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. W. Brands", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their daughter , Alice Lee Roosevelt , was born on February 12 , 1884 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice Lee Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He blocked a corrupt effort by financier Jay Gould to lower his taxes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Gould", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He debated the pros and cons of staying loyal with his political friend , Henry Cabot Lodge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Cabot Lodge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He felt compelled to promote conservation and was able to form the Boone and Crockett Club , whose primary goal was the conservation of large game animals and their habitats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boone and Crockett Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The President secured his own nomination , but his preferred vice-presidential running mate , Robert R. Hitt , was not nominated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert R. Hitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wanted an employee liability law for industrial injuries ( pre-empting state laws ) and an eight-hour work day for federal employees .", "entity": [{"entity": "eight-hour work day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [94, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants on the expedition included Kermit Roosevelt , Edgar Alexander Mearns , Edmund Heller , and John Alden Loring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kermit Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "Edgar Alexander Mearns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 81]}, {"entity": "Edmund Heller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "John Alden Loring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , he practiced judo for two 2-month periods in 1902 and 1904 , not attaining any rank ; he also continued his habit of skinny-dipping in the Potomac River during the winter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Potomac River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His tennis idol growing up was Andre Agassi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andre Agassi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he reached the fourth round , before being upset by unseeded and eventual finalist , Marcos Baghdatis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcos Baghdatis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then played a thriller five-set match against Fernando Verdasco , winning 6 – 2 in the final set .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fernando Verdasco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , he beat Benjamin Becker , who was coming off a huge win against recently retired Andre Agassi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin Becker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Andre Agassi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a first-round bye , he won his first match against Gastón Gaudio , where he saved three break points and fired nine aces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastón Gaudio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he was unable to stop Juan Ignacio Chela in the third round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan Ignacio Chela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final , he defeated Marcos Baghdatis to win the tournament for the third consecutive year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcos Baghdatis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final he defeated Feliciano López to win his 25th career title .", "entity": [{"entity": "Feliciano López", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He defeated Dudi Sela of Israel in the final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dudi Sela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then scheduled to play Roger Federer , but retired due to an ankle injury and was replaced by Radek Štěpánek .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Federer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Radek Štěpánek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He defeated Gaël Monfils in the semifinals , before losing to Andy Murray in the final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaël Monfils", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Andy Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His next tournament was the SAP Open .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAP Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He snapped a three-match losing streak against Tommy Haas in the quarterfinals , before losing in the semifinals to Radek Štěpánek for the first time in his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tommy Haas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Radek Štěpánek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He defeated Benjamin Becker , and then Sam Querrey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin Becker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Sam Querrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He defeated Ivo Karlović in the quarterfinals , and John Isner in the semifinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivo Karlović", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "John Isner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final , he lost to defending champion Juan Martín del Potro , despite saving three match points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan Martín del Potro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost to Sam Querrey in his first match , after having received a bye in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Querrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played doubles at the event with Mark Knowles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Knowles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost in the quarterfinals to Marin Čilić , despite coming back from two sets down while battling an apparent shoulder injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marin Čilić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then played in the SAP Open .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAP Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the semifinals , he lost the first set 2 – 6 to Sam Querrey , but came back winning the final two sets in tie-breaks and went to the final , where he lost to Fernando Verdasco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Querrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Fernando Verdasco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the semifinals he upset fourth-seed Rafael Nadal to reach his fourth final of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rafael Nadal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was beaten by Dudi Sela in the third round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dudi Sela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like his final match with Roger Federer the previous year , his serve was broken only once during the match , in the fifth set .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Federer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was eliminated in the semifinals by eventual champion Mardy Fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mardy Fish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His next tournament was the Legg Mason Tennis Classic , where he lost in the round of 16 to Gilles Simon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Legg Mason Tennis Classic", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 53]}, {"entity": "Gilles Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then played at the Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships , but lost in the semifinals to Gaël Monfils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 61]}, {"entity": "Gaël Monfils", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He advanced to the quarterfinals with wins over Jarkko Nieminen and Ernests Gulbis in the second and third round , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jarkko Nieminen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Ernests Gulbis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He faced Nicolás Massú in the opener and defeated him in four sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolás Massú", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the BNP Paribas Open , he was beaten by Richard Gasquet in the fourth round .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNP Paribas Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Richard Gasquet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to action after a couple of weeks ' rest from his injury and played at the Western & Southern Open .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western & Southern Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [87, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost in the first round to Philipp Kohlschreiber .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philipp Kohlschreiber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the third round , he defeated Julien Benneteau , also in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julien Benneteau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He eventually fell to No. 2 Rafael Nadal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rafael Nadal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After this , he played at the China Open , where he lost to Kevin Anderson .", "entity": [{"entity": "China Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Kevin Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first round , he beat Robin Haase in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robin Haase", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He beat Denis Kudla in the round of 16 , but lost in the quarterfinals to Denis Istomin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denis Kudla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "Denis Istomin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His title defense was short-lived though , as he dropped his first-round match to Xavier Malisse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xavier Malisse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He beat Łukasz Kubot in the second round , but then lost in the next round to No. 7 Tomáš Berdych .", "entity": [{"entity": "Łukasz Kubot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Tomáš Berdych", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He thus became the only male tennis player besides Roger Federer to have won at least one title every year in the past 12 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Federer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost to David Ferrer in the third round in four sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Ferrer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then defeated countryman Michael Russell in the quarterfinals and upset top seed John Isner in the semifinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "John Isner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went on to defeat Gilles Müller in the final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gilles Müller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He and Novak Djokovic are known for their player impersonations of Maria Sharapova , Rafael Nadal , Lleyton Hewitt and each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novak Djokovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Maria Sharapova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "Rafael Nadal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Lleyton Hewitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" in 2004 and 2005 , \" The Tonight Show with Jay Leno \" in 2005 and 2007 , and \" The Ellen DeGeneres Show \" in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 53]}, {"entity": "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [81, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other athletes in the video included Amanda Beard , Barry Sanders , Kimmie Meissner , and Rick Ankiel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amanda Beard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Barry Sanders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Kimmie Meissner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Rick Ankiel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained many comparisons to \" The General \" , Mimis Domazos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mimis Domazos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He succeeded his stepfather , Augustus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was played by Kenneth Cranham in \" A.D. The Bible Continues \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Cranham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "A.D. The Bible Continues", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Henry Gosnold , the judge and friend of Francis Bacon , was his cousin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Gosnold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Francis Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They intended to establish a colony in New England .", "entity": [{"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he sailed into Provincetown Harbor , where he is credited with naming Cape Cod , for the abundant fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Provincetown Harbor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "Cape Cod", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brain isoform of glycogen phosphorylase ( PYGB ) has been proposed as a biomarker for gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The residents were concentrated along the coast , with small settlements inland , sometimes reaching as far as the Appalachian Mountains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Appalachian Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these populations had suffered to some degree from the introduction of infectious diseases such as smallpox by early explorers and traders .", "entity": [{"entity": "smallpox", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the survivors of these raids were relocated to the Savannah River where they were confined to reservations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Savannah River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plan involved an overland assault on Montreal via Lake Champlain and a sea-based assault by naval forces against Quebec .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "Lake Champlain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He collected his first major league hits a week later , going 2-for - 4 against the San Diego Padres .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town acquired city rights in 1357 and flourished during the Dutch Golden Age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch Golden Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Hadrianus Junius , the name could also be a reference to the city 's horn-shaped port .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hadrianus Junius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1616 , the explorer Willem Schouten , together with Jacob Le Maire , braved furious storms as he rounded the southernmost tip of South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willem Schouten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Jacob Le Maire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From these stations , it is possible to travel in the directions of Enkhuizen , Alkmaar and Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enkhuizen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Alkmaar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 28 November , he scored all of the side 's goals as they beat Elche 3 – 0 for new manager David Moyes ' first victory at the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elche", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "David Moyes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His parents lived in the neighbouring village of Montaigu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montaigu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After high school , he attended the University of Southern California from 1994 to 1995 , Riverside City College from 1996 to 1997 , and the University of Mississippi from 1997 to 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Southern California", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 69]}, {"entity": "Riverside City College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "University of Mississippi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded mid-season to the Toronto Blue Jays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "400 with 2 RBI , and helping the team advance to the World Series .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Texas A&M University–Kingsville , where he continued to play both sports .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas A&M University–Kingsville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they lost their final five matches and finished in fourth place , with Valencia winning the title .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valencia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to the tournament , they founded the Central Asian Football Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Asian Football Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The events occur against a backdrop that parallels the Soviet Union 's last days , with characters based upon Mikhail Gorbachev , Boris Yeltsin , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Boris Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other cities such as New York City , St. Louis , and Chicago were damaged by conventional bombing raids .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the story occurs in Berlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its capital was Bamako .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bamako", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he continued to struggle , with an ERA of 8.44 , and was released in mid-July to make room for Matt Guerrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Guerrier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a notable appearance July 30 against the Boston Red Sox he recorded the final seven outs on fifty pitches to complete a 5 – 2 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was released on May 9 , 2009 , to make room for Mike MacDougal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike MacDougal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a free agent at the end of the season and signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on December 17 , 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Magician 's Nephew \" , the penultimate book to be published , but the last to be written , was completed in 1954 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Magician 's Nephew", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 April 2017 , Joe Johnston was hired to direct the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Johnston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2018 , these plans were halted because Netflix had begun developing adaptations of the entire series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netflix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first-appearance on 12 September , starting in a 3 – 1 loss to Middlesbrough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for the club against Nottingham Forest on 15 September , netting the opening goal in a 1 – 1 draw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nottingham Forest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "following the departure of David Norris .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Norris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Born in Auckland , he is the younger brother of John Bracewell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auckland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "John Bracewell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned in 1883 with friend Robert Vaughn and some surveyors and platted a permanent settlement the south side of the river .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Vaughn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It tripled its capacity to per day in 1917 , then in 1928 merged with about 25 other mills nationwide to form General Mills .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Mills", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Great Falls College Montana State University is a two-year public institution of higher learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Falls College Montana State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sewage treatment for the city was awarded to Envirotech in 1977 , and was renewed with the same company through at least 1982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Envirotech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stephen McEveety was to lead the production team and author N. D. Wilson had been tapped to write the script .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen McEveety", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "N. D. Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She first went to Switzerland for several years and then journeyed through Greece and Anatolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died in Florence on 17 November 1888 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florence", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also a mountaineer , making an early female ascent of Mont Blanc on 1 June 1860 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mont Blanc", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town was formerly part of South Sulawesi province .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Sulawesi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Students who wish to pursue a tertiary education must travel to larger towns like Makassar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Makassar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S. President Ronald Reagan remarked that he had enjoyed reading the book .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many members of the White House were fans of the book .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music was written by David Mann ; the lyrics , by Bob Hilliard .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Mann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Bob Hilliard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made minimal impact and was traded to the Dallas Mavericks in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas Mavericks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 7 February 2014 , his 40th birthday , he scored a season-high 19 points in a victory over the Philadelphia 76ers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is married to former professional ice hockey player and current Vancouver Canucks assistant coach Manny Malhotra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver Canucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "Manny Malhotra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December , the screenplay was being rewritten by screenwriter Stuart Beattie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stuart Beattie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 1964 , President Antonio Segni suffered a serious cerebral hemorrhage while he was working at the presidential palace ; he only partially recovered and decided to resign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antonio Segni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 1968 , he resigned and Mariano Rumor became the new Prime Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mariano Rumor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father was reported missing in action in Korea in 1952 and spent ten months as a prisoner of war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A solo album , \" All I Intended to Be \" , was released on June 10 , 2008 , to critical acclaim .", "entity": [{"entity": "All I Intended to Be", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1985 to 1993 , she was married to Paul Kennerley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Kennerley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the joint tenth-most capped male footballer in history , alongside Iker Casillas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iker Casillas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was then released by manager Ray Graydon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Graydon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his retirement , defender Kaspars Gorkšs was elected to be the next captain of the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaspars Gorkšs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes says it has \" forgettable songs and lackluster story \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 45 % based on 95 reviews and an average of 5.41 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the town of Robertsganj in Uttar Pradesh are named after him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robertsganj", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "Uttar Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has resided in County Dublin , Ireland since his family moved to Malahide in 1965 , when he was five years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "County Dublin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Malahide", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father was a pilot with the Royal Air Force , who moved into civil aviation , and his mother was a former airline stewardess .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also spoke the last verse of \" Your Blue Room \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Your Blue Room", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He published the pamphlet \" Agrarian Justice \" ( 1797 ) , discussing the origins of property and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income through a one-time inheritance tax on landowners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agrarian Justice", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Thetford Grammar School ( 1744 – 1749 ) , at a time when there was no compulsory education .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thetford Grammar School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 19 , 1768 , he was appointed to Lewes in Sussex , a town with a tradition of opposition to the monarchy and pro-republican sentiments since the revolutionary decades of the 17th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Sussex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ship 's water supplies were bad and typhoid fever killed five passengers .", "entity": [{"entity": "typhoid fever", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On January 31 , 1791 , he gave the manuscript to publisher Joseph Johnson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He charged three good friends , William Godwin , Thomas Brand Hollis , and Thomas Holcroft , with handling publication details .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Godwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Thomas Brand Hollis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "Thomas Holcroft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a youngster he supported Everton F.C. .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first league hat-trick against Southampton in only his fifth league game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored twice in a thrilling 3 – 3 draw at Tottenham Hotspur on 18 December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His record stood for twenty years until broken by Sadio Mané on 16 May 2015 for Southampton against Aston Villa , who scored three goals in two minutes and 56 seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sadio Mané", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of January , however , they had been leapfrogged by Manchester United , who remained top for the rest of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these was in the away game on the opening day of the season , and the other two in the reverse fixture at Anfield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anfield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However he went on to suffer another injury blow just days later after a mistimed tackle in training from club captain Darren Purse left him with damaged ankle ligaments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Darren Purse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said this on the television show \" Soccer AM \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soccer AM", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song is similar to that of its congeners : the lanceolated warbler ( \" Locustella lanceolata \" ) , Savi 's warbler ( \" Locustella luscinioides \" ) and the river warbler ( \" Locustella fluviatilis \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Savi 's warbler", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [103, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The range includes Spain , France , central Italy , Romania , Yugoslavia , the British Isles , Belgium , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark , southern Sweden , southern Finland , the Baltic States and western parts of Russia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Romania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "British Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 154]}, {"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Baltic States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 193]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [215, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late summer , it migrates to north west Africa , India and Sri Lanka where it overwinters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common grasshopper warbler is insectivorous , feeding on a wide range of invertebrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "insectivorous", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the county seat of Dodge County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dodge County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Founded in 1854 , the city is one of the oldest in Minnesota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2009 Rosanne Cash released her acclaimed album \" The List \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosanne Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "The List", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was re-elected in 2006 , defeating National Coalition Party candidate Sauli Niinistö in the second round by 51 % to 48 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Coalition Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 63]}, {"entity": "Sauli Niinistö", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incumbent , Martti Ahtisaari , refused to run in party preliminaries and thus announced that he would not run for a second term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martti Ahtisaari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She publicly opposed the proposed free trade agreement of the European Economic Community in 1973 , by signing a petition along with 500 other prominent social democrats and socialists .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Economic Community", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She opposes NATO membership .", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He held the record until Ryan Howard broke it on September 27 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two players were catcher Wilkin Castillo and pitcher Micah Owings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilkin Castillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "Micah Owings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "159 average would have been the lowest batting average by a qualified player since Bill Bergen hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Bergen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "139 as a starter for the 1909 Brooklyn Superbas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn Superbas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America , Australia , and other regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another is burdock makizushi , rolled sushi filled with pickled burdock root ; the burdock root is often artificially colored orange to resemble a carrot .", "entity": [{"entity": "makizushi", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Burdock root can also be found as a fried snack food similar in taste and texture to potato chips and is occasionally used as an ingredient in tempura dishes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tempura", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The video features band members Trent Reznor , Richard Patrick , and Chris Vrenna , as well as guest drummer Martin Atkins performing in a cage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trent Reznor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Richard Patrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "Chris Vrenna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Martin Atkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was in honor of Fridtjof Nansen , who in 1888 skied across Greenland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fridtjof Nansen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been prescribed as a treatment for erectile dysfunction , but its reported clinical benefits were modest and it has largely been superseded by the PDE5 inhibitor class of drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "erectile dysfunction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen years later , a team led by Eugene van Tamelen used a 23-step synthesis to become the first persons to achieve the synthesis of yohimbine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugene van Tamelen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been studied as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction but there is insufficient evidence to rate its effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "erectile dysfunction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strictly speaking , wrote George Barger , yohimbine should have been have been given the scientific name quebrachine , seeing that it was first isolated from the quebracho tree and first named in the scientific literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Barger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book , according to music journalist Dave Thompson , slowly created an audience for gothic rock by word of mouth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Peter Murphy , the song was written to be tongue-in-cheek , but since the group performed it with \" naive seriousness \" , that is how the audience understood it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adam Ant 's early work was also a major impetus for the gothic rock scene , and much of the fanbase came from his milieu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam Ant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though the black-tailed deer arguably is a species , virtually all recent authorities maintain it as a subspecies of the mule deer ( \" O. hemionus \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mule deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there he met actress Ruthie Henshall , whom he dated for three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruthie Henshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a departure from the weddings of his elder brothers , which were large , formal events at Westminster Abbey or St Paul 's Cathedral , and had ended in divorce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "St Paul 's Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the many well-known soldiers who served at the fort was a young captain , Ulysses S. Grant , who was there for five months in 1854 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ulysses S. Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 , comedian Bob Odenkirk praised the publication as \" the best comedy writing in the country \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Odenkirk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although four fake news segments anchored by Stephen Colbert were recorded , only one of the segments actually aired .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Colbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The narrow floor of the valley includes a visitor center , a small museum / animal rehab facility , picnic areas , playgrounds , lawns , sand volleyball pits , mineral springs , lush plant life , woodlands , creek play opportunities , and occasional group camping .", "entity": [{"entity": "picnic", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ridge trails offer views of Santa Clara Valley and of the valley in which the park is located .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santa Clara Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The south-facing slopes primarily consist of grasses , poison oak , sagebrush , and occasional live oak trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "sagebrush", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "live oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owls that are native to the park are the western screech owl , barn owl , great horned owl , and northern pygmy owl .", "entity": [{"entity": "barn owl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "great horned owl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been an increase in the mountain lion population in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Bay Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two species of lizards that are native to the park are southern alligator lizard and western fence lizard .", "entity": [{"entity": "southern alligator lizard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "western fence lizard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , ninety of the players he managed or coached eventually played in the major leagues , including Mike Schmidt , Ferguson Jenkins , Greg Luzinski and Bob Boone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Schmidt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "Ferguson Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "Greg Luzinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 152]}, {"entity": "Bob Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple had two children , Zara and Peter Phillips , and four grandchildren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Peter Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 21-gun salute in Hyde Park signalled the birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyde Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 she was the first member of the royal family to make an official visit to the Soviet Union when she went there as a guest of President Mikhail Gorbachev and his government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Gorbachev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is Patron of St. Andrew 's First Aid .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Andrew 's First Aid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 she was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Carmen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Worshipful Company of Carmen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , she became Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and a Governor of Gresham 's School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Worshipful Company of Fishmongers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 74]}, {"entity": "Gresham 's School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dish may have originated in the territories of the Mongol Empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mongol Empire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sauce ( \" seer mosst \" , lit. \" garlic yoghurt \" ) is made with chaka ( thick , creamy , strained and salted yoghurt ) , lemon juice , dried and fresh mint , green and red chili powder , and pressed garlic .", "entity": [{"entity": "chili powder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [176, 188]}, {"entity": "garlic", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [203, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mantu can also be topped with a tomato-based sauce which can include split peas or red kidney beans and / or sautéed ground meat .", "entity": [{"entity": "ground meat", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of yoghurt sauce is typically more than the tomato and ground meat sauce ; the sauce is meant to be dotted on top as to not cover the entire dish .", "entity": [{"entity": "ground meat", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , separate dishes containing more of the ground meat , split peas and tomato sauce and the yoghurt sauce may also be kept at the table or dastarkhān .", "entity": [{"entity": "ground meat", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the flow of Iraq Petroleum Company oil to Haifa was completely severed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq Petroleum Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "Haifa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The force was placed under the command of Major-General George Clark .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His illness had led to him losing the confidence of his own staff and he was replaced by the newly promoted Major-General William Slim .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Slim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 7 , 2007 he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for cash considerations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltimore Orioles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several offers to go abroad appeared and the player chose to move to Switzerland , signing a contract with FC Winterthur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "FC Winterthur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the highest scorer of the team that season with 15 goals in 26 matches respectively , just one goal behind the top scorer of the league Povilas Lukšys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Povilas Lukšys", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was entirely filmed in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 19 % based on 70 reviews , with an average score of 3.92 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such objects are useful in a number of areas of application , such as Riemannian geometry , famous for its use in Albert Einstein 's general theory of relativity in modern physics , where the metric tensor is a fundamental concept .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Meryl Streep , Leonardo DiCaprio , Diane Keaton , Robert De Niro , Hume Cronyn , Gwen Verdon , Hal Scardino and Dan Hedaya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meryl Streep", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Leonardo DiCaprio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Diane Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Robert De Niro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Hume Cronyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Gwen Verdon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Hal Scardino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "Dan Hedaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Original music for the film was composed by Rachel Portman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rachel Portman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film holds an 84 % approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 50 reviews and an average rating of 6.7 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional tiramisu contains a short list of ingredients : finger biscuits , egg yolks , sugar , coffee , mascarpone cheese , cocoa powder and sometimes liquor .", "entity": [{"entity": "finger biscuits", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the most common alcoholic changes includes the addition of Marsala .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marsala", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some cooks use other cakes or sweet , yeasted breads , such as \" panettone \" , in place of ladyfingers ( savoiardi ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "panettone", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disaronno is also often used to enhance the taste of tiramisu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disaronno", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "28 preludes have been compared to Johann Sebastian Bach 's preludes in \" The Well-Tempered Clavier \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "The Well-Tempered Clavier", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [73, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then she spent a year in Budapest working for a local radio station .", "entity": [{"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He refused to vote for the death of Louis XVI , alleging that the nation had no right to despatch a vanquished prisoner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis XVI", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closely associated with oriental scholars , and a keen student of oriental religions , he entered the Académie des Inscriptions in 1808 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Académie des Inscriptions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His interests lay chiefly in financial questions and in 1849 he became minister of commerce and agriculture in the cabinet of Odilon Barrot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Odilon Barrot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The borough was named for its location above the Raritan River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raritan River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the work of Michio Kuga with contributions also by Mikio Sato , Goro Shimura , and Yasutaka Ihara , followed by .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michio Kuga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Mikio Sato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Goro Shimura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Yasutaka Ihara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , his mother was kidnapped by gunmen in Campinas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Campinas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Clarion University of Pennsylvania , graduating with a degree in education in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarion University of Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gave an in-ring interview and provided guest commentary during a match between Taz and Little Guido , but left the building after Raven \" crucified \" a bleeding Sandman by attaching him to a cross using barbed wire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Little Guido", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Raven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "Sandman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which he lost to Christian Cage after interference from Tomko and Scott Steiner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian Cage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Tomko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Scott Steiner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Afterward , he was assaulted by the debuting Desmond Wolfe , who defeated him via knockout in a street fight the following week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Desmond Wolfe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in the film \" The Last Witch Hunter \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Last Witch Hunter", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a supporter of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pittsburgh Penguins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A week before this emergency , he had surgery to remove a benign tumor from his neck .", "entity": [{"entity": "benign tumor", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" Tachinidae \" are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera , with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "flies", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "insect", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Diptera", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 1300 species have been described in North America alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparatively few are restricted to a single host species , so there is little tendency towards the close co-evolution one finds in the adaptations of many specialist species to their hosts , such as are typical of protelean parasitoids among the Hymenoptera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hymenoptera", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [247, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some tachinids that are parasitoids of stem-boring caterpillars deposit eggs outside the host 's burrow , letting the first instar larvae do the work of finding the host for themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "instar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars George Clooney , Catherine Zeta-Jones , Geoffrey Rush , Cedric the Entertainer , Edward Herrmann , Paul Adelstein , Richard Jenkins and Billy Bob Thornton .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Clooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Catherine Zeta-Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 52]}, {"entity": "Geoffrey Rush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Cedric the Entertainer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "Edward Herrmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "Paul Adelstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Richard Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "Billy Bob Thornton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming began on 20 June 2002 after being delayed due to George Clooney 's schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Clooney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other songs include \" Suspicious Minds \" by Elvis Presley , \" Non , Je Ne Regrette Rien \" by Édith Piaf and \" Glory of Love \" by Big Bill Broonzy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suspicious Minds", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "Elvis Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Non , Je Ne Regrette Rien", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 87]}, {"entity": "Édith Piaf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "Glory of Love", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Big Bill Broonzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design then fell to the aqueduct 's engineering team , led by John B. Jervis .", "entity": [{"entity": "John B. Jervis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vehicle was driven by John Heinricy during the attempt .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Heinricy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2011 coupe race car is built by Pratt & Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pratt & Miller", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The western terminus of the Goethals Bridge , which spans the Arthur Kill to Staten Island can be found here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Goethals Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "Arthur Kill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Staten Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This service is provided by Optimum on channel 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optimum", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information is updated daily into its program guide from Tribune Media Services .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tribune Media Services", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some TiVo systems are integrated with DirecTV receivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "DirecTV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the 15th century , the city of Valencia had become the center of social and cultural dynamism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valencia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had more difficulty casting the female leads and allowed actresses Delphine Seyrig and Stéphane Audran to choose which parts they would like to play , before changing the script to better suit the actresses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delphine Seyrig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Stéphane Audran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Richard Lawson , Annazette Chase and Philip Michael Thomas with Dabney Coleman in the cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Lawson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "Annazette Chase", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Philip Michael Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "Dabney Coleman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These villages grew very rapidly between 1890 and 1920 because of the success of the Endicott Johnson Corporation , a shoe manufacturer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endicott Johnson Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mid-2003 , he was transferred to C.F. Pachuca where the expectations did not materialize , as he spent most of his time on the bench .", "entity": [{"entity": "C.F. Pachuca", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 19 games , he scored one goal against Chiapas and he struggled to find his form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiapas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a long transfer period , he was transferred to Guadalajara in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guadalajara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his press conference he confirmed he was having a match of farewell on July 1 , 2017 , in the Estadio Jalisco , the former stadium of his boyhood club C.D. Guadalajara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estadio Jalisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "C.D. Guadalajara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show aired on ABC until 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two years and a string of short-lived vocalists , Norma Zimmer was hired , starting in 1960 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norma Zimmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lynn Anderson , Clay Hart , and Ava Barber used the show as a springboard to launch their own successful careers as country music solo artists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynn Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Clay Hart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Ava Barber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a Rotten Tomatoes score of 80 % based on reviews from 40 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , producer Kathleen Kennedy said that problems securing the rights to the story may mean a second adaptation is \" \" not meant to be \" \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kathleen Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 70 species of tobacco are known , but the chief commercial crop is \" N. tabacum \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" N. tabacum \"", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more potent variant \" N. rustica \" is also used around the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" N. rustica \"", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can also be consumed as snuff , chewing tobacco , dipping tobacco and snus .", "entity": [{"entity": "snuff", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "chewing tobacco", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1970 s , Brown & Williamson cross-bred a strain of tobacco to produce Y1 , a strain containing an unusually high nicotine content , nearly doubling from 3.2 - 3.5 % to 6.5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown & Williamson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is part of the nightshade family ( Solanaceae ) indigenous to North and South America , Australia , south west Africa , and the South Pacific .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solanaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "North", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "South Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tobacco is cultivated annually , and can be harvested in several ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "harvested", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This produces certain compounds in the tobacco leaves and gives a sweet hay , tea , rose oil , or fruity aromatic flavor that contributes to the \" smoothness \" of the smoke .", "entity": [{"entity": "tea", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhalation of these AGEs in tobacco smoke contributes to atherosclerosis and cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tobacco BY-2 cells , derived from \" N. tabacum \" cultivar ' Bright Yellow-2 ' , are among the most important research tools in plant cytology .", "entity": [{"entity": "cultivar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This research laid the groundwork for all genetically modified crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "genetically modified crops", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [42, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the American Civil War , the use of tobacco , primarily in cigars , became associated with masculinity and power .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bhutan is the only country in the world where tobacco sales are illegal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bhutan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Already in the 1990 s , companies such as Bull used machine translation ( Systran ) in large scale , for all their translation activity : human translators handled pre-editing ( making the input machine-readable ) and post-editing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bull", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "Systran", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toonie is a bi-metallic coin which on the reverse side bears an image of a polar bear by artist Brent Townsend .", "entity": [{"entity": "polar bear", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Brent Townsend", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned but struggled to get back into the team , with Peter Ramage , Steven Taylor , and Titus Bramble keeping him out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Ramage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Steven Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Titus Bramble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 31 appearances for Newcastle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region extends south from the mountains of Anatolia , east from the hills on the left bank of the Euphrates river , west from the mountains on the right bank of the Tigris river and includes the Sinjar plain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatolia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "Euphrates", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Tigris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "Sinjar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [199, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major settlements are Mosul , Deir ez-Zor , Raqqa , al-Hasakah , Diyarbakır and Qamishli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mosul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Deir ez-Zor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Raqqa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "al-Hasakah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Diyarbakır", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Qamishli", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the northwest is one of the largest salt flats in the world , Sabkhat al-Jabbul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sabkhat al-Jabbul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earliest of these apparently ritual buildings are from before 9000 BC - over five thousand years older than Stonehenge - and thus the absolute oldest known megalithic structures anywhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stonehenge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control of the region , however , was essential to any power centered in Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shaped by the valleys of Moodna and Woodbury creeks , and includes estuarine salt marshes , heavily developed residential and commercial areas , rolling farms , and rocky , scrub-covered ridges and mountaintops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moodna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Woodbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The causes of death was given by the coroner as cardiac tamponade , dissecting aortic haemorrhage , and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac tamponade", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also defeated ninth-seeded Mary Pierce in straight sets before losing 6 – 3 , 1 – 6 , 6 – 3 to Alexandra Stevenson in the quarterfinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Stevenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In doubles , she teamed with Rennae Stubbs , but lost in the second round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rennae Stubbs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final , she was defeated by Venus Williams , 6 – 2 , 6 – 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She held a match point on her opponent Virginie Razzano 's serve and hit a forehand winner that caught the line , only to have the umpire rule the ball out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virginie Razzano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She cited Mary Pierce , Jennifer Capriati , and Andre Agassi as inspirational figures for her goal of reaching the highest echelons of tennis once more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Jennifer Capriati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Andre Agassi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , she won her first round match against Petra Martić before losing to world No. 63 Jill Craybas in the second round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Petra Martić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Jill Craybas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second round she played world No. 4 Elena Dementieva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elena Dementieva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also played doubles , partnering with Alisa Kleybanova , they defeated Petra Cetkovská and Carla Suárez Navarro in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alisa Kleybanova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "Petra Cetkovská", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "Carla Suárez Navarro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were scheduled to play world no. 1 s in doubles , Cara Black and Liezel Huber , in the second round but withdrew because of the injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cara Black", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Liezel Huber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was ordered to rest for another fortnight and planned to get back on court on hard-court tournaments leading up to US Open .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She competed at the US Open but lost to Kirsten Flipkens in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Kirsten Flipkens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She won the tournament by beating Eleni Daniilidou 6 – 2 , 6 – 1 in the final .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eleni Daniilidou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She advanced to her second final of the year but lost to Sofia Arvidsson by 2 – 6 , 6 – 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sofia Arvidsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She lost in the qualifying rounds of Monterrey Open and the first round of BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monterrey Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "BNP Paribas Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Indian Wells", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She lost in the quarterfinals to Corinna Dentoni .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corinna Dentoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partnering with Sharon Fichman , she lost in the doubles finals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon Fichman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She double-bageled Eirini Georgatou in the first round and she beat Karolína Plíšková in the second round 4 – 6 , 6 – 3 , 6 – 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eirini Georgatou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "Karolína Plíšková", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also received wildcard to participate in doubles , partnering with Sally Peers where they faced sixteenth seed , Timea Bacsinszky and Tathiana Garbin , in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sally Peers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Timea Bacsinszky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "Tathiana Garbin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She concluded the tournament by beating Lucie Šafářová 2 – 6 , 7 – 6 , 6 – 4 in the final after saving two championships points in the second set tiebreak and being down 1 – 3 in the final set .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucie Šafářová", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then participated at Fes as the sixth seed but was forced to withdraw due to a viral illness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fes", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also participated in doubles partnering with Melanie Oudin but the pair lost in the first round to Alexandra Dulgheru and Magdaléna Rybáriková .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melanie Oudin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Alexandra Dulgheru", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 121]}, {"entity": "Magdaléna Rybáriková", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She won the match 6 – 4 , 2 – 0 ( ret. ) to ensure her second final appearance of the year against Roberta Vinci .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberta Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She reached the second round but lost to Jelena Janković in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jelena Janković", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She began her campaign by defeating Anna Chakvetadze in the first round 6 – 2 , 6 – 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna Chakvetadze", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also participated in doubles and mixed doubles competitions , partnering with Kateryna Bondarenko and Paul Hanley respectively , but lost in the first rounds of both .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kateryna Bondarenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "Paul Hanley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the Tour de France , he won green jersey for the points classification for the second time , ahead of Mark Cavendish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tour de France", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Mark Cavendish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The favorite , Philippe Gilbert , was caught with three kilometers to go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippe Gilbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His last race was the GP Impanis-Van Petegem in September .", "entity": [{"entity": "GP Impanis-Van Petegem", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It shares a zip code ( 11786 ) with the neighboring village of Shoreham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shoreham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is buried in the same tomb with his second mother-in-law , with whom he was very close , and his best friend , Earl King .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earl King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 2007 , the company announced that it had reached a settlement with its original systems consultant , BearingPoint , and had hired a new contractor , Accenture , to complete the transition to the new systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "BearingPoint", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "Accenture", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1944 , he resumed his music career and performed with notable jazz musicians such as Charlie Parker , Dizzy Gillespie , and Dodo Marmarosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "Dizzy Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "Dodo Marmarosa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Born in Santo Domingo , he was trained by Cristóbal Balenciaga and Antonio del Castillo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santo Domingo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Cristóbal Balenciaga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "Antonio del Castillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another maternal uncle , Fabio Fiallo , was a diplomat and poet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fabio Fiallo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1973 to 1976 , and from 1986 to 1988 , he served as President of the CFDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "CFDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactions from other critics have been mixed , as 52 % of the T-meter critics on Rotten Tomatoes reviewed the film positively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The turning point was the standing applause he received for his brace against Cagliari in March 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cagliari", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four days later , he scored his first goals , a double , in a 5 – 0 away victory against Wolverhampton Wanderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolverhampton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was excluded from the Champions League squad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The community is on the west bank of the Hudson River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hudson River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad , about 70 \" km to the north-east from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl , and currently is home to over 300 monks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergiyev Posad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Yaroslavl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include a small baroque palace of the patriarchs , noted for its luxurious interiors , and a [ https://web.archive.org/web/20050903040245/http : // www.musobl.divo.ru/palace_e.html royal palace ] , with its facades painted in checkerboard design .", "entity": [{"entity": "baroque", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its architects were Ivan Michurin and Dmitry Ukhtomsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan Michurin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Dmitry Ukhtomsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pavel Florensky and his followers prevented the authorities from stealing and selling the sacristy collection but overall many valuables were lost or transferred to other collections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pavel Florensky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desert tegus are found in South America , specifically in Peru and Ecuador .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Ecuador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history , with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004 Indian Ocean tsunami", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "Indian Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even during World War II consideration of the idea using conventional explosives was explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The south town line is the border of Saratoga County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saratoga County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The east town line is marked by the Hudson River , and the west town line is the border of Hamilton County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hudson River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Hamilton County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" carob \" ( \" Ceratonia siliqua \" ) is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the legume family , Fabaceae .", "entity": [{"entity": "flowering", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "legume", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fruit is a legume ( also known commonly , but less accurately , as a \" pod \" ) , that is elongated , compressed , straight , or curved , and thickened at the sutures .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "legume", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The embryo ( 20 - 25 % of seed weight ) is rich in proteins ( 50 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Libya , carob syrup ( called \" rub \" ) is used as a complement to \" asida \" ( made from wheat flour ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "asida", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The so-called \" carob syrup \" made in Peru is actually from the fruit of the \" Prosopis nigra \" tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Kenny Buttrey has said that he had a difficult time coming up with a drum part for the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenny Buttrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kris Kristofferson , who was working as a janitor in the studio at the time , was enlisted to hold the bongos in one hand and the cowbell in the other .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kris Kristofferson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 he was named number one by MetalSucks in their listing of \" top 25 modern metal frontmen \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "MetalSucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new colonists named their settlement after Berne , Switzerland , home state of their patron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This machine first flew in October 2003 , and went on to successfully complete its DARPA contract in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DARPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was captain of the team for several seasons and a key player in the club 's UEFA Champions League matches during the last half of the 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [79, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also features Stefania Casini , Flavio Bucci , Miguel Bosé , Alida Valli , Udo Kier and Joan Bennett , in her final film role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stefania Casini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "Flavio Bucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Miguel Bosé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Alida Valli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Udo Kier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Joan Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It served as the inspiration for a 2018 film of the same title , directed by Luca Guadagnino .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luca Guadagnino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A poll of critics of \" Total Film \" ranked it # 3 on their list of the 50 greatest horror films ever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Total Film", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 522 the philosopher Boethius became his \" magister officiorum \" ( head of all the government and court services ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boethius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in the UEFA Champions League ten days later , in a 2 – 1 away loss to Valencia , aged .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "Valencia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first two goals on 10 December , against Everton in a 3 – 2 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both clubs were owned by Giampaolo Pozzo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giampaolo Pozzo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new casino , Marina Bay Sands , opened in 2010 at a rumored cost of $ 5.5 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marina Bay Sands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said : \" You pick up your cell phone and you call somewhere in Nebraska and you say ' OK , let it go ' and so there 's an atomic weapon goes over , ballistic missiles in the middle of the desert that does n't hurt a soul , maybe a couple of rattlesnakes and scorpions or whatever \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nebraska", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also donated $ 5 million to the Friends of the Israel Defense Forces in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friends of the Israel Defense Forces", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has appeared in a television commercial for AT&T and voiced commercials for Kellogg 's and American Express .", "entity": [{"entity": "AT&T", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Kellogg 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "American Express", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the last day of its session , when the business session ended , Timothy Ruggles , the president of the body , and a few other more cautious members , refused to sign the memorial of rights and grievances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timothy Ruggles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its navy also controlled the lower Delaware River and Delaware Bay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delaware River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Delaware Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and for Android on Google Play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Android", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Google Play", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also co-wrote the script with John E. Roach .", "entity": [{"entity": "John E. Roach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is based on the true story of Alvin Straight 's 1994 journey across Iowa and Wisconsin on a lawn mower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alvin Straight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Iowa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During production , Richard Farnsworth was terminally ill with metastatic prostate cancer which had spread to his bones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Farnsworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A soundtrack album was released on October 12 , 1999 , by Windham Hill Records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Windham Hill Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 95 % based on 102 reviews , with an average rating of 8.16 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Described as \" abundant \" when first collected and identified in 1965 , it was considered extinct within less than a decade due to the introduction of sunfish , bass , and carp to the previously isolated watershed .", "entity": [{"entity": "bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "carp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more radical approach was adopted by Robert Maynard Hutchins for the College of the University of Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "College of the University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because there were few formal requirements , early entrants in this program were largely self-selecting , and came mostly from nearby schools such as the University High School .", "entity": [{"entity": "University High School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper is owned by Ohio Community Media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio Community Media", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became friends with poets Anna Akhmatova and Boris Pasternak , as well as Natalya Gorbanevskaya and Joseph Brodsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna Akhmatova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Boris Pasternak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Natalya Gorbanevskaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 98]}, {"entity": "Joseph Brodsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her authorized biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992 , and she has been the subject of films and other books .", "entity": [{"entity": "Navin Chawla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gjakova", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 1996 she fell , breaking her collarbone , and four months later she had malaria and heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "malaria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These included hospices and homes for people with HIV / AIDS , leprosy and tuberculosis , soup kitchens , children 's - and family-counselling programmes , orphanages and schools .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV / AIDS", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assisted by five priests , Cardinal Secretary of State Angelo Sodano , the Pope 's representative , performed the last rites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelo Sodano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 , he was sentenced to five years in a Wisconsin prison for drug trafficking charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He started working on several test tracks with Reagan Jones before becoming an official member in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reagan Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution , but is concentrated in two centers of diversity , one in Australia , the other in western North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can be annuals or perennials .", "entity": [{"entity": "annuals", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "perennials", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Mimulicalyx \" has 2 species , both endemic to China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following month he was cautioned by West Midlands Police regarding the incident , for possessing small amounts of class A drugs ( principally cocaine ) as well as cannabis , a class B drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Midlands Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to training after just over a week , and was an unused substitute in the 5 – 0 victory over Watford on 31 October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was assigned the squad number 43 after his previous squad number 9 had been assigned to new signing Shane Long .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shane Long", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal for the club in a substitute appearance against Leicester City on 21 March .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Foreign Minister Leon Trotsky wrote , \" To delay negotiations , there must be someone to do the delaying \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leon Trotsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all , the treaty took away territory that included a quarter of the population and industry of the former Russian Empire and nine-tenths of its coal mines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian Empire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fate of the region , and the location of the eventual western border of the Soviet Union , was settled in violent and chaotic struggles over the course of the next three and a half years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the Seattle Seahawks , Cleveland Browns , and Indianapolis Colts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Seahawks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Browns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Indianapolis Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they were routed 5 – 1 , including a hat-trick by Michael Owen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Owen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the rest of the 1930 s , he played in bands led by Willie Bryant , Benny Carter , Cab Calloway , Fletcher Henderson , Andy Kirk , and Teddy Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willie Bryant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Benny Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Cab Calloway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Fletcher Henderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 119]}, {"entity": "Andy Kirk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "Teddy Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this time he worked with Raymond Scott , John Kirby , Bill DeArango , Sid Catlett , Jay McShann , and Jimmy Witherspoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raymond Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "John Kirby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Bill DeArango", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Sid Catlett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "Jay McShann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Witherspoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was eventually succeeded by Stéphane Dion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stéphane Dion", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response , the Bank of Canada lowered interest rates to avoid contributing to a growing recession , causing a huge spurt of economic growth and resulting increase in government revenue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bank of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several other potential leadership contenders , such as Brian Tobin and Allan Rock , declined to enter the contest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Tobin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Allan Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was received well in \" have-not \" provinces , but Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador sought to retain income from natural resources on federal marine territory that would generally be taken , or ' clawed back ' , by the federal treasury in lieu of equalization payments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nova Scotia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "said a critic on Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Military extras were recruited from ex-servicemen mainly from the Plymouth area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer ( Holly Hunter ) , who has daily emotional breakdowns , a brilliant yet prickly reporter ( Albert Brooks ) and his charismatic but far less seasoned rival ( William Hurt ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Albert Brooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "William Hurt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also stars Robert Prosky , Lois Chiles , Joan Cusack , and Jack Nicholson ( billed only in the end credits ) as the evening news anchor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Prosky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Lois Chiles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Joan Cusack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Jack Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score was by Bill Conti .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Conti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film garnered a 98 % rating at Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also a booklet featuring an essay by film critic Carrie Rickey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carrie Rickey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently plays for Corby Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corby Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two married in 1940 , and shortly after she was appointed as an assistant lecturer at the University of Aberdeen , where her husband was a lecturer .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Aberdeen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following season , he played for his native country at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt Lake City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Winter Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in 3 – 2 victory away over Stoke City on 17 March 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stoke City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 15 September 2012 , coming on as a second-half substitute in the 1 – 1 draw with Bury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact he sometimes combined both functions ; he can be heard on records made as late as 1928 for the Columbia Graphophone Company , singing Lieder by Schubert and Schumann to his own accompaniment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Graphophone Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 131]}, {"entity": "Schubert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "Schumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is very similar in appearance to several other acrocephaline warblers , such as the reed warbler which also occurs in wetlands and has a similar breeding range .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrocephaline", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The marsh warbler also tends to avoid the stands of pure reed which are the reed warbler 's favoured habitat .", "entity": [{"entity": "reed", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improper balance can lead to dehydration , alkalosis , acidosis or other life-threatening changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "dehydration", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "alkalosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "acidosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can easily be confused with reed warbler , marsh warbler and some of the \" Hippolais \" warblers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hippolais", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the synthetic work led by Carothers demonstrated that polymers such as nylon and polyester could be prepared by well-understood organic reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carothers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", the film holds an approval rating of 83 % on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 75 reviews , with an average rating of 7.58 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neo-conservative writer Richard Grenier was strongly critical of the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Grenier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The history and context of Fort Hays is radically different from that portrayed in the movie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Hays", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the dasyurids have similar diet and anatomy , differing body sizes affect thermoregulation and thus behaviour .", "entity": [{"entity": "dasyurids", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an apparent response to reduced competition caused by devil facial tumour disease , female devils in regions with the disease are now more likely to begin breeding at the age of one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "devil facial tumour disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [57, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year , \" Trichinella spiralis \" , a parasite which kills animals and can infect humans , was found in devils and minor panic broke out before scientists assured the public that 30 % of devils had it but that they could not transmit it to other species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trichinella spiralis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a few shorts between 1957 and 1964 , the character was retired until the 1990 s , when he gained his own show , \" Taz-Mania \" , and again became popular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taz-Mania", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [120, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ray Groom , the Tourism Minister , later announced that a \" verbal agreement \" had been reached .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Groom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protocol grew out of the increasing public outcry against chemical warfare following the use of mustard gas and similar agents in World War I , and fears that chemical and biological warfare could lead to horrific consequences in any future war .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main campus of Northeastern State University is located in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northeastern State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He shares this prize with Leon M. Lederman and Melvin Schwartz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leon M. Lederman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "Melvin Schwartz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , all three experimenters were at Columbia University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The late , famed interior decorator Mario Buatta also attended the school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Buatta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Esteemed industrial designer Sara Little Turnbull graduated from the school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sara Little Turnbull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two days later they began landing on Tsushima Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsushima Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1910 state voters chose the larger Oklahoma City as the new capital in a special election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is about north of Oklahoma City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A knee injury that forced him out of the last two games of the 1987 – 88 season led to a decision to finally retire in the summer of 1988 , having played his last game at Southampton in April 1988 at the age of 41 years and 226 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned in August 1994 , just before the new season began , when he was replaced by Harry Redknapp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Redknapp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gulf is in tectonic movement comparable to movement in parts of Iceland and Turkey , growing by per year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iceland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also starred Morgan Freeman and Olga Kurylenko .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morgan Freeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Olga Kurylenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kathryn Bigelow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had several relationships with older women in the early-to-mid - 1980 s , including Rebecca De Mornay ( three years his senior ) , Patti Scialfa ( nine years his senior ) , and Cher ( 16 years his senior ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rebecca De Mornay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "Patti Scialfa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Cher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Journalist Roger Friedman later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist Paul Haggis confirming the story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Paul Haggis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has published more than a dozen novels ; the first several were a series of mysteries featuring a couple of protagonists and other recurring characters , including \" A Drink Before the War \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Drink Before the War", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [169, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also taught advanced fiction writing at Harvard University , where his classes quickly filled up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He will consult with showrunner Terence Winter on the outline of the fourth season of the show , and he confirmed that he would write at least one episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terence Winter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film starred Tom Hardy , Noomi Rapace , and James Gandolfini ( in his final film performance ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Hardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "Noomi Rapace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "James Gandolfini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the difficult working conditions prompted him to accept a second opportunity to play college basketball at the University of San Diego from 1964 to 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of San Diego", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son , J. B. Bickerstaff , is the current head coach for the Cleveland Cavaliers .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. B. Bickerstaff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Cavaliers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1603 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inner Temple", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was on a commission to consider the tobacco trade with Virginia in 1627 – 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tobacco", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One theory why is that his religious stance had led him to oppose William Laud .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Laud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first career goal in the 3 – 1 win over Salisbury City in December 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salisbury City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the opposition parties , particularly the Liberal , LIBRE and PAC have faced internal division .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "LIBRE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "PAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Renaissance , use of the term diverged to refer to gnostic knowledge that offers the individual enlightenment and salvation through a knowledge of the bonds that are believed to unite her or him to the world of divine or intermediary spirits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspired to a considerable extent by the works of Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paracelsus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group is represented by Jan Baptist van Helmont ( 1618 – 1699 ) , Robert Fludd ( 1574 – 1637 ) , John Pordage ( 1608 – 1681 ) , Jane Leade ( 1623 – 1704 ) , Henry More ( 1614 – 1687 ) , Pierre Poiret ( 1646 – 1719 ) , and Antoinette Bourignon ( 1616 – 1680 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Baptist van Helmont", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 52]}, {"entity": "Robert Fludd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "John Pordage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "Jane Leade", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "Henry More", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "Pierre Poiret", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "Antoinette Bourignon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [227, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johann Jakob Brucker ( 1696 – 1770 ) included a long chapter on theosophy in his monumental work ( 1741 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Jakob Brucker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the elder brother of actor Leslie Nielsen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leslie Nielsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1978 , he ran for the leadership of the newly formed Yukon Progressive Conservative Party as it prepared for the territory 's first partisan elections but was defeated by Hilda Watson by one vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yukon Progressive Conservative Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 92]}, {"entity": "Hilda Watson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Philadelphia , batted and threw right-handed , stood tall and weighed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Ph.D. from Columbia University , all in history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For over twenty years after that he was cricket coach at Charterhouse and in that time was seen as one of the best coaches any school has ever had .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charterhouse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the founder and current Chairman of the People First Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "People First Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is said his grandfather taught at the same school Mao Zedong attended as a student .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao Zedong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his bachelor 's degree in diplomacy from National Chengchi University in 1964 .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Chengchi University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned a Ph.D. in political science from Georgetown University in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgetown University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond sentimental visits , the important political aspect of his tour comes from his visit to Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the basic insights of Marston Morse , a typical differentiable function on a manifold will reflect the topology quite directly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marston Morse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These techniques were used in Raoul Bott 's proof of his periodicity theorem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raoul Bott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the Indian Institute of Science in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Institute of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015 , but the Central Information Commission dismissed the petition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Information Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music video topped VH1 's top ten countdown in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a modern university facility adjacent to Abu Dhabi Men 's College .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Dhabi Men 's College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The type was sold only to Mexico 's national railroad , Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México ; 60 examples were built between May and August 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is part of the Oregon Coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" ketogenic diet \" is a high-fat , adequate-protein , low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used mainly to treat hard-to-control ( refractory ) epilepsy in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "low-carbohydrate diet", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Vietnam , it is known as \" đá cầu \" and is the national sport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , the game has gained a formal following in Europe , the United States , and elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The home run is still considered to be the longest home run ever hit in the old Comiskey Park , some saying that it went .", "entity": [{"entity": "Comiskey Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in that eight-team league were Joe DiMaggio , Joe Gordon , and Stan Musial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe DiMaggio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Joe Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "Stan Musial", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the season , manager Steve O'Neill was fired , with Lou Boudreau replacing him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Lou Boudreau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "345 with 386 at bats in 117 games , although Bobby Ávila , who had hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Ávila", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He might have set the record for career RBIs as well , exceeding Hank Aaron 's total .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hank Aaron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son , Ezra , formerly played for Swope Park Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ezra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Swope Park Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holly Hunter , Julianne Nicholson , Josie Maran , Rashida Jones , and Kathy Bates serve in supporting roles ; Carly Simon makes a cameo appearance at the end of the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Julianne Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "Josie Maran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Rashida Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Kathy Bates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Carly Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She gets the job and on her way out , she meets her idol , Carly Simon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carly Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the \" San Francisco Chronicle \" gave the film a poor write up , criticising the poor script and acting .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco Chronicle", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this time , the band appeared alongside Bruno Mars at the halftime for the Super Bowl in February 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Mars", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Super Bowl", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production eventually began in January 2015 with Danger Mouse replacing Rick Rubin as the band 's producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danger Mouse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Rick Rubin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , \" The Process \" , was released on November 4 , 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Process", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first two episodes featured Alicia Keys and Brad Paisley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alicia Keys", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Brad Paisley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Barack Obama made a surprise appearance at the event .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Yvette Mimieux , Ralph Bellamy , and George Maharis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yvette Mimieux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Ralph Bellamy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "George Maharis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was produced by Don Was .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Was", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2014 until 2018 , he was in a relationship with fellow guitarist Orianthi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orianthi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jonathan Edwards asked her to tour with him when his bass player became unavailable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Edwards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although she mostly tours alone , she has also toured with Kenny White ( who produced a number of her albums ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenny White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the turn of the twenty-first century ( August 1999 to September 2001 ) , all three of the leaders of the main political parties had been the youngest MPs in their party when they began their political careers ( William Hague , Tony Blair , Charles Kennedy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hague", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [214, 227]}, {"entity": "Tony Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 240]}, {"entity": "Charles Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most MPs and Senators are elected usually only in their thirties and later but some prominent MPs have been elected rather early in life including Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser and Paul Keating who were both elected at age 25 in 1955 and 1969 respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malcolm Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "Paul Keating", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past , MPs such as Sean O'Sullivan , Pierre Poilievre , Andrew Scheer , Claude-André Lachance and Lorne Nystrom have also held the distinction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean O'Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Pierre Poilievre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "Andrew Scheer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Claude-André Lachance", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 100]}, {"entity": "Lorne Nystrom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The youngest TD of all time was William J. Murphy , elected age 21 years 29 days ; the youngest female TD was Kathleen O'Connor , 21 years 7 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "William J. Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "Kathleen O'Connor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most MPs and Senators are elected usually only in their thirties and later but some prominent MPs have been elected rather early in life including former Prime Minister Najib Razak who was elected at 22 years and 6 months in age in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Najib Razak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current Baby of the House is Chlöe Swarbrick of the Green Party , who was elected on 24 September 2017 aged 23 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlöe Swarbrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Green Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lee Baxter began the 1998 season as the first choice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by Roberto Donadoni .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Donadoni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Marconi Company had a similar tuning system adding to the priority dispute over the invention of radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marconi Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magician John Booth noted that the stage mentalist David Devant managed to fool a number of people into believing he had genuine psychic ability who did not realize that his feats were magic tricks .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Booth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "David Devant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1975 , he enrolled at Yale using his veteran 's benefits to help pay the bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died on May 7 , 1989 in Ibagué , Tolima .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibagué", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Tolima", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She spent her early life in Penang , where she attended St. George 's Girls ' School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "St. George 's Girls ' School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" horizontal branch \" ( \" HB \" ) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After exhausting their core hydrogen , stars leave the main sequence and begin fusion in a hydrogen shell around the helium core and become giants on the red giant branch .", "entity": [{"entity": "giants", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In stars with masses up to 2.3 times the mass of the Sun the helium core becomes a region of degenerate matter that does not contribute to the generation of energy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A problem that arose during production of the movie was the advanced age and poor health of many of the voice actors from the series ; all of the major cast members except Don Messick ( himself in his early 60 s ) were over 65 years old by this point .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Messick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was first released on VHS , Betamax , and Laserdisc on October 25 , 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betamax", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Laserdisc", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert later named it at # 2 of the ten worst films of 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late 1941 and early 1942 , he came into contact with the resistance circle about Carl Friedrich Goerdeler .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colorist Stan Goldberg , however , had problems with the grey coloring , resulting in different shades of grey , and even green , in the issue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1966 ) ; John Buscema ( # 85 – 87 ) ; and Marie Severin .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Buscema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "Marie Severin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She died of a cardiac arrest on 2 March 1949 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac arrest", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She soon met other such leaders as Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Rabindranath Tagore , Mahatma Gandhi and was inspired to work towards attaining freedom from the colonial regime and social reform .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gopal Krishna Gokhale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Rabindranath Tagore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "Mahatma Gandhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon her return from New Delhi on 15 February , she was advised to rest by her doctors , and all official engagements were canceled .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Delhi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they were upset in the playoffs , losing to the San Jose Sharks in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jose Sharks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 1 , 2009 , he received his 500th win as a coach in an 11-round shootout battle against the Columbus Blue Jackets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbus Blue Jackets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he was the second goaltender to be credited with a goal and a shutout in the same game , after Damian Rhodes , who was credited with a goal in a 6 – 0 win on January 2 , 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damian Rhodes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became an immediate fan favorite in the city of Montreal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his 250th career victory on January 2 , 2011 , with a 6 – 5 overtime victory against the Phoenix Coyotes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix Coyotes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He transferred after that season to Ohio State University , where he played his three remaining years of eligibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yuen Wah , Yuen Qiu , Danny Chan Kwok-kwan and Bruce Leung Siu-lung co-starred in prominent roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuen Wah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Yuen Qiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "Danny Chan Kwok-kwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "Bruce Leung Siu-lung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yuen Qiu , who did not audition , was spotted during her friend 's screen test smoking a cigarette with a sarcastic expression on her face , which won her the part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuen Qiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Television actress Eva Huang , in her film debut , was chosen from over 8,000 women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eva Huang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Written by Liu Chia-chang ( 劉家昌 ) in the 1970 s , it tells of a girl 's memories of a loved one , and her desire to live for him again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liu Chia-chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He edited and published \" The Enneads \" , the only collection of the work of Plotinus , his teacher .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Enneads", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Plotinus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His coaching career includes head coaching positions with the New Jersey Devils ( which he held on two separate occasions ) , as well as the Los Angeles Kings .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey Devils", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Kings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" L. \" amboinesis \" was described and named by Johannes Govertus de Man , published in 1888 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johannes Govertus de Man", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same year it was also described as \" Hippolysmata vittata var. amboinensis \" listing the shrimp as a variant within the species \" Lysmata vittata \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lysmata vittata", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [137, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was essentially a diffusionist , inspired by several intellectual schools of thought and in some respects emulating the techniques used by W. H. R. Rivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "W. H. R. Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the advice of the village elder ( Vladimir Sokoloff ) , they decide to fight back .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vladimir Sokoloff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's score is by Elmer Bernstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elmer Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opening horn riff in Arthur Conley 's 1967 hit \" Sweet Soul Music \" is borrowed from the theme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Conley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "Sweet Soul Music", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richard L. Coe of \" The Washington Post \" called the film \" rough , tough , funny and splashy most of the way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard L. Coe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "The Washington Post", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The film also inspired a television series , \" The Magnificent Seven \" , which ran from 1998 to 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Magnificent Seven", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Vaughn was a recurring guest star , a judge who hires the seven to protect the town in which his widowed daughter-in-law and his grandson live .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Vaughn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prime Minister Choi Kyu-hah ascends to the presidency , and the fates of those involved at the party - most of them executed - are listed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Choi Kyu-hah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has toured extensively and frequently performs in various venues throughout New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her third solo album , \" I Stand \" , was released on January 29 , 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Stand", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She made her Carnegie Hall solo debut ( originally on October 29 , 2012 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album , \" Holiday Wishes \" , was released on October 14 , 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holiday Wishes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is also featured in the song \" For the First Time in Forever \" and its reprise .", "entity": [{"entity": "For the First Time in Forever", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other honorary chairs for the evening 's charity event included Elton John , Patti LuPone , John Cameron Mitchell , Joan Rivers , and Robin Strasser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elton John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Patti LuPone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "John Cameron Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 113]}, {"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Robin Strasser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began , and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linda Woolverton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the technology that was used for the CGI was SGI .", "entity": [{"entity": "SGI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sing along edition of the film , hosted by Jordin Sparks , was released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2 , 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordin Sparks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 94 % based on reviews from 115 critics , with an average rating of 8.51 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming began on May 18 , 2015 in London , and in Surrey .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , a live-action children 's series entitled \" Sing Me a Story with Belle \" began running in syndication , remaining on the air through 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sing Me a Story with Belle", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was in training camp with the Philadelphia Eagles in 2006 , but was cut before the start of the regular season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died on 14 September 1965 in West Drayton .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Drayton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the reign of Henry VIII , the antiquary John Leland reported that the castle was in considerable disrepair ; nonetheless the water defences remained intact , unlike those of many other castles of the period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry VIII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "John Leland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The site , managed by English Heritage , is open to the public .", "entity": [{"entity": "English Heritage", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finds nobody alive except for a 10-year boy clinging to an AK-47 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AK-47", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His last game was on August 11 , 1926 ; he was released days later after joining a group of players who requested that former manager and team vice president Fred Clarke , who had been openly criticizing manager Bill McKechnie , not be permitted to sit on the bench .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "Bill McKechnie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the cinematography for the film was shot in Alberta in August 1991 by director of photography Jack Green .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Jack Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes has a 96 % approval rating based on 104 reviews , with an average rating of 8.82 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , it went to a newcomer , Amitabh Bachchan , and established his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amitabh Bachchan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name of the algorithm is derived from the concept of a simplex and was suggested by T. S. Motzkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "T. S. Motzkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In North America , Major League Baseball has implemented the luxury tax system .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Major League Baseball", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" hard \" salary cap of the National Football League and the National Hockey League has prevented any need for a luxury tax arrangement .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Football League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 55]}, {"entity": "National Hockey League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Los Angeles Dodgers ( $ 31.8 million ) , the New York Yankees ( $ 27.4 million ) , the Boston Red Sox ( $ 4.5 million ) , the Detroit Tigers ( $ 4 million ) , the San Francisco Giants ( $ 3.4 million ) and the Chicago Cubs ( $ 2.96 million ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 187]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Against the $ 195 million threshold + $ 13 million for player benefits , payrolls for the Los Angeles Dodgers ( $ 244 million ) , New York Yankees ( $ 209.3 million ) , Boston Red Sox ( $ 187.9 million ) , Detroit Tigers ( $ 190.4 million ) , San Francisco Giants ( $ 186.4 million ) and Chicago Cubs ( $ 199.5 million ) were in excess .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 146]}, {"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [243, 263]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [288, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the 15th straight year the New York Yankees paid the luxury tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at the University of Turin , where he qualified as an engineer and became a doctor of mathematics .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Turin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with notes by translator Ada Lovelace ( 1842 ) , which described many aspects of computer architecture and programming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ada Lovelace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He belonged to the right centre , and until the events of 1859 he believed in the possibility of a compromise between the Vatican and the state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vatican", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Entering the Ricasoli cabinet of 1861 as minister for the navy , he held the portfolio of public works until 1864 in the succeeding Farini and Minghetti cabinets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricasoli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Farini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "Minghetti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After winning every match in the group stage , they advanced to quarterfinals , in which they beat Joelle King and Amanda Land-Murphy in straight games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joelle King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "Amanda Land-Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They settled for a bronze medal after being defeated by Jenny Duncalf and Alison Waters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jenny Duncalf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Alison Waters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She advanced to the final , but lost to Nour El Tayebl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nour El Tayebl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also pitched in the minor leagues for the Atlanta Braves and Boston Red Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In New Zealand , a logbook is used to register driver and operator work time for commercial heavy vehicles .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Federal Transit Administration provided funding for the extension in 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Transit Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble , with the help of players such as Ronald de Boer and Barry Ferguson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald de Boer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "Barry Ferguson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was later announced that he would be succeeded by former Olympique Lyonnais manager Paul Le Guen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympique Lyonnais", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "Paul Le Guen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel also contains references to Herbert Spencer in chapters 8 , 10 , Charles Darwin in chapters 5 , 6 , 10 , 13 , Omar Khayyam in chapters 11 , 17 , 26 , Shakespeare in chapter 5 , and John Milton in chapter 26 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert Spencer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "Charles Darwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "Omar Khayyam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "Shakespeare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "John Milton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He believes in the eternal soul , inherent good , and that men should act justly under all circumstances .", "entity": [{"entity": "eternal soul", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clashes ensued and unrest occurred in 1892 at Merzifon and in 1893 at Tokat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Merzifon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Tokat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ARF armed the people of the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kingston is a village in South Kingstown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "South Kingstown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another album of acoustic material was recorded in 1969 for Adelphi Records , not to be released until thirty years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adelphi Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some areas , such as coastal California , the cold current has a stabilizing effect on the surrounding air , further reducing the chances for rain , but often causing thick layers of marine fog that usually evaporates by mid-day .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "current", "entity_type": "geographical phenomenon", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , San Francisco has cool summers with daily highs around due to the continuous upwelling of cold subsurface waters along the coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In places such as the Sacramento Valley and Oxnard Plain in California , draining marshes and estuaries combined with supplemental irrigation has led to a century of intensive agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacramento Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Oxnard Plain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heart may fibrillate at first – this occurs because the cardiac muscle fibres are not contracting synchronously .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrillate", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If there are no complications ( e.g. infection , rejection ) , some are able to return home after just two weeks in hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately successful , he quickly established a good bowling partnership with Johnny Briggs and became one of the leading bowlers in the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Briggs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has pointed out the importance of the post-Newton models for celestial mechanics , namely that developed by Georgi Manev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgi Manev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned his M.B.A. from Strathclyde Business School in 2003 and his LL.B. from the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Strathclyde Business School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 53]}, {"entity": "University of Ottawa Faculty of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city grew as a stop for steamboats to take on fresh water and supplies , especially after steamboat traffic boomed when gold was discovered in the Black Hills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Hills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City Department of Transportation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her first marriage was to actor Danny Quinn , the son of Anthony Quinn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danny Quinn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Anthony Quinn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father owned property in Nevada , Vermont , and islands in Maine and Nova Scotia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nevada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Vermont", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Nova Scotia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The premiere episode of the show , which replaced \" On the Record \" , was the network 's most watched telecast of the year in the time slot with 3.7 million viewers .", "entity": [{"entity": "On the Record", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The website was funded by the conservative activist Foster Freiss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foster Freiss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a major engagement of the American Civil War , and between December 31 and January 2 , 1863 , the rival armies suffered a combined total of 23,515 casualties .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Stones River National Battlefield is now a national historical site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stones River National Battlefield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the next two years , he was a research scientist with the National Defense Research Committee at Columbia University , working in the field of radar .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Defense Research Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 97]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1947 to 1949 , he was professor of applied mathematics at Harvard University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Economic conditions improved in the 1920 s , but the region suffered from the Great Depression in the early 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the accident , the new city of Slavutych was built outside the exclusion zone to house and support the employees of the plant , which was decommissioned in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slavutych", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results caused a public outcry in support of the opposition candidate , Viktor Yushchenko , who challenged the outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Yushchenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writings on nonviolent struggle by Gene Sharp contributed in forming the strategic basis of the student campaigns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene Sharp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viktor Yanukovych was elected President in 2010 with 48 % of votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viktor Yanukovych", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separately , in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions , armed men declaring themselves as local militia supported with pro-Russian protesters seized government buildings , police and special police stations in several cities and held unrecognised status referendums .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donetsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Luhansk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 13 March , the National Bank of Ukraine cut interest rates from 11 % to 10 % to help stop the coronavirus panic .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Bank of Ukraine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The historic agreement , brokered by the European Union , followed protests that began in late November 2013 and culminated in a week of violent clashes in which scores of protesters were killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bloodshed was only avoided when Lt. Gen. Sergei Popkov heeded his colleagues ' calls to withdraw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sergei Popkov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also tensions with Poland and Hungary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also a maintenance and training battalion deployed in Sierra Leone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sierra Leone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Billy Southworth started the 1929 season with 43 wins and 45 losses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Southworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his second year , he led them to a 97 – 57 – 2 record , finishing 1st by 4 ½ games over the St. Louis Cardinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Cardinals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the World Series that year , they were swept by the New York Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the World Series that year , they beat the Detroit Tigers in seven games .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1946 was his final year with the team , managing them to a 64 – 86 record ( with 2 ties ) , with Hank Gowdy managing the final four games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hank Gowdy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His last game managed was on September 25 at St. Louis , winning 6 – 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was hired as a coach to be the right-hand man of young Cleveland Indians manager Lou Boudreau the following year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "Lou Boudreau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also the father of television presenter Gabby Logan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabby Logan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 November 2008 , he was appointed manager of the club after Barry Ashby was sacked .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barry Ashby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The event was marred by Adolf Rosenberger 's crash into one of the marshals ' huts , killing three people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolf Rosenberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1930 and 1933 races were cancelled due to economic reasons related to the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The straights could only go as far as 2.5 miles because if they went any further , the circuit would cross into East Germany .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Englishman James Hunt won this race , which turned out to be crucial for his championship chances that year .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diazoxide is used as a vasodilator in the treatment of acute hypertension or malignant hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nathan Adrian , Michael Phelps , Cullen Jones and Ryan Lochte swam in the finals , and together all these competitors earned a silver medal for the team 's second-place finish in the finals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathan Adrian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Michael Phelps", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Cullen Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Ryan Lochte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Prabhu Deva and Nagma , while Raghuvaran , Girish Karnad , S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and Vadivelu play other pivotal roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prabhu Deva", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Nagma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Raghuvaran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Girish Karnad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "S. P. Balasubrahmanyam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 96]}, {"entity": "Vadivelu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Madhuri Dixit was originally considered as the lead actress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madhuri Dixit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then studied law under Franklin Pierce , Asa Fowler and Charles H. Peaslee and passed the bar in 1842 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Asa Fowler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Charles H. Peaslee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He subsequently served as Aide-de-Camp to Governor John H. Steele with the rank of colonel .", "entity": [{"entity": "John H. Steele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By now a resident of Des Moines , during the war he was praised for his efforts to recruit , equip and train soldiers for front line regiments , and to keep track of their service records , including enlistments , promotions , wounds , deaths , and discharges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Des Moines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pair of epilogue chapters resolve the fates of the protagonists , at least until \" Mona Lisa Overdrive \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mona Lisa Overdrive", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United Kingdom , busy tone consists of a single 400 \" Hz tone with equal 0.375 \" s on / off periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 2010 to 2016 the head of the secretariat was Christiana Figueres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christiana Figueres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Holy See is not a member state , but is an observer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holy See", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She succeeded Christiana Figueres who held the office since 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christiana Figueres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appointed to the office in 1867 as the leader of the Conservative Party , he won the provincial elections of 1867 and 1871 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conservative Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the author of a novel and many short columns and letters on the political situation in Lower Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lower Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1829 to 1837 , he attended the Petit Séminaire de Québec , where he gained a reputation as an excellent student , with strong literary interests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Petit Séminaire de Québec", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his sons , Alexandre Chauveau , became a provincial politician in his own right .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexandre Chauveau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Great Depression , the mills shut down for a period and workers were laid off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth continued after World War II , through the 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reappeared in Volume 2 of the comics as a major villain who had used technology from DARPA to place his brain in a robot body , making him a cyborg .", "entity": [{"entity": "DARPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These nanobots eventually activated and began to destroy her body ; they were destroyed but are suspected to have made her sterile ( whether she remains sterile after their destruction has not been explored ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterile", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first such is tocilizumab , which has been approved for rheumatoid arthritis , Castleman 's disease and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Castleman 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These and many other reports suggest that a clinical study of a neutralizing IL-6 biological or drug based antagonist is likely warranted in patients with major depressive disorder , with or without co-morbid chronic inflammatory based illnesses ; that the combination of NK1RAs and IL6 blockers may represent a new , potentially biomarkable approach to major depression , and possibly bipolar disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [386, 402]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IL-6 antibody sirukumab is now undergoing clinical trials against major depressive disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "major depressive disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A viral version of IL6 is found in Kaposi 's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaposi 's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [35, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set at the turn of the millennium in the shadow of a world-changing catastrophe , the film stars William Hurt and Solveig Dommartin , following their characters as they are pursued across the globe , in a plot involving a device to record memories .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hurt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "Solveig Dommartin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At age 17 , he began teaching school and had as one of his pupils his cousin Daniel Kirkwood , who later achieved prominence as a mathematician and astronomer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Kirkwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her interest in music and performing continued after winning a talented teen pageant at a young age , reading a Maya Angelou piece and singing George Gershwin 's \" Summertime \" to beat other contestants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maya Angelou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "George Gershwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 158]}, {"entity": "Summertime", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also present when the group performed the song on Top of the Pops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Top of the Pops", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of Archaic Greece , there were three independent city-states there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Archaic Greece", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a member of the Delian League .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delian League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the novel and the film are based in part on John C. Lilly 's sensory deprivation research conducted in isolation tanks under the influence of psychoactive drugs like mescaline , ketamine , and LSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "John C. Lilly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film score was composed by John Corigliano ( with Christopher Keene conducting ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Corigliano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Christopher Keene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's original director was Arthur Penn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Penn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He cast the movie , including the relatively unknown leads William Hurt ( in his first movie ) and Blair Brown .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hurt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Blair Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point , Scott Glenn was a contender for the male lead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Glenn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aside from its provisions defining ocean boundaries , the convention establishes general obligations for safeguarding the marine environment and protecting freedom of scientific research on the high seas , and also creates an innovative legal regime for controlling mineral resource exploitation in deep seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction , through an International Seabed Authority and the common heritage of mankind principle .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Seabed Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [359, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is north-west of the city of Whangarei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whangarei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains 144 islands , of which the largest is Urupukapuka , and numerous peninsulas and inlets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urupukapuka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1908 and 1914 , he was always one of the best all-rounders in the game – a safe catcher , a skilful opening batsman ( who formed with Pelham Warner one of the best opening partnerships in the game ) , and a deadly bowler when the wicket was helpful and steady when it did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pelham Warner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The campus is also home to a large population of deer ( estimates range between 1,500 and 2,500 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Georgia Department of Natural Resources oversees about 16,000 acres of the campus , conducts managed hunts , and provides recreational opportunities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia Department of Natural Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , scenes for the new series , \" The Following , \" starring Kevin Bacon , were filmed here .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Following", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Kevin Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to an increase in food grain production , especially in Punjab , Haryana , and Uttar Pradesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Punjab", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Haryana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Uttar Pradesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately thirty minutes into the flight , the hijackers forcibly breached the cockpit and overpowered the pilot and first officer , allowing lead hijacker and trained pilot Marwan al-Shehhi to take over the controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marwan al-Shehhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hijacker pilot Marwan al-Shehhi checked in a single bag at 06:45 , and the other remaining hijackers , Fayez Banihammad and Mohand al-Shehri , checked in at 06:53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marwan al-Shehhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Fayez Banihammad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "Mohand al-Shehri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airphone records also indicate that Garnet Bailey made four phone call attempts to his wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garnet Bailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of them , Stanley Praimnath , was on the 81st floor , and his office suffered a direct hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Praimnath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then enrolled at the University of Iowa College of Law , from which in 1922 he procured a law degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Iowa College of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was written by Daniel Fuchs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Fuchs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miklós Rózsa scored the film 's soundtrack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miklós Rózsa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production nearly derailed when producer Mark Hellinger died suddenly before filming began .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Hellinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 100 % of critics gave the film a positive review , based on ten reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town saw minor action in the war via the Battle of Cockle Creek fought in the bay in 1861 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Battle of Cockle Creek", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this , most of the island was preserved from development as Assateague Island National Seashore in 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Assateague Island National Seashore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Pony Penning , which has been held annually since 1925 , horses swim across the shallow water between the islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pony Penning", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His regular group in the 1980 s and early 1990 s was a quartet with Marilyn Crispell ( piano ) , Mark Dresser ( double bass ) and Gerry Hemingway ( drums ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marilyn Crispell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "Mark Dresser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "Gerry Hemingway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked with several groups , one where bassist Mario Pavone was credited as a co-leader with Thomas Chapin on saxophone and Dave Douglas on trumpet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Pavone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Thomas Chapin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "Dave Douglas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that the cancer diagnoses of his wife and his friend Johan Cruyff motivated him to join the campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johan Cruyff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , he returned to the Milwaukee Bucks as an assistant coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee Bucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actor went to Los Angeles , California , and tested for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a semi-autobiographical film based on director Daniel Petrie 's experiences of growing up in Glace Bay , a mining town on Cape Breton Island , during the Great Depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Petrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Glace Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Cape Breton Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [160, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It features the screen debut of Kiefer Sutherland as the film 's central character , alongside Liv Ullmann as his character 's mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kiefer Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "Liv Ullmann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movie currently holds a 47 % rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 15 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will breed in southern Scandinavia and occasionally Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In college he was an undefeated Atlantic Coast Conference wrestling champion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlantic Coast Conference", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his freshman year , he married Sheila Ison Wellstone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheila Ison Wellstone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the first few years of its existence , the town grew rapidly , but after the county seat was located in nearby Petersburg , the village began to shrink and by 1840 , it was abandoned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional commercial transportation is undertaken through extensive barge traffic on the Columbia and Snake rivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Snake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , at Eton College , all pupils wear stiff collars , mostly turndown collars , while students in positions of authority wear ' stick-ups ' , which includes a wing collar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eton College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 14 , he began working for the Great Northern Railway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Northern Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially she refused but writer Constance Cary Harrison convinced her that the statue would be of great significance to immigrants sailing into the harbor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constance Cary Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original manuscript is held by the American Jewish Historical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Jewish Historical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their veneer of false universality torn off by the likes of Foucault , it remains to be seen whether \" universal \" pragmatics can stand up to the same challenges posed by deconstruction and skepticism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foucault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A Wizard of Earthsea \" , published in 1968 , was a fantasy novel written initially for teenagers .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Wizard of Earthsea", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her prose , according to Zadie Smith , was \" as elegant and beautiful as any written in the twentieth century \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zadie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America made her its 20th Grand Master in 2003 : she was the second , and one of only six , women to receive that honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following a three-week campaign , the Hussein Dey capitulated on 5 July 1830 , and was exiled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hussein Dey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helicopters based at the airfield assisted with medical evacuations at Mount Rainier National Park on numerous occasions in the 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Rainier National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poison oak is found in the training areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poison oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are named after Herbert Busemann , who introduced them ; he gave an extensive treatment of the topic in his 1955 book \" The geometry of geodesics \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert Busemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following result is essentially due to Marston Morse ( 1924 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marston Morse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the first to win four successive times , breaking the record of three set by Philippe Thys and Louison Bobet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippe Thys", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "Louison Bobet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately neighbouring it are Glasgow Royal Infirmary , opened in 1794 , and the elevated Glasgow Necropolis , opened in 1833 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glasgow Royal Infirmary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "Glasgow Necropolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the father of former major league relief pitcher Robb Nen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robb Nen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is situated at the confluence of the Little Kanawha and Ohio rivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Kanawha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first described by Eduard August von Regel in 1873 as a variety of \" T. sylvestris , \" then elevated to full species status two years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduard August von Regel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Tulipa turkestanica \" is an ornamental plant often grown in rock gardens .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornamental plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shorts also the first to use the shortened version of Merrily We Roll Along that played from 1945 , to 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Merrily We Roll Along", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "as a bar of \" Kingdom Coming \" plays on the track at iris-out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kingdom Coming", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The La Crosse Regional Airport , located on French Island , provides direct scheduled passenger service to Minneapolis , Detroit , and Chicago through Delta Air Lines link Endeavor Air , as well as American Airlines link Envoy Air .", "entity": [{"entity": "La Crosse Regional Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "French Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "Delta Air Lines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 166]}, {"entity": "Endeavor Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 184]}, {"entity": "American Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 215]}, {"entity": "Envoy Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He started the season as backup to Jocelyn Thibault and ended it as back-up to Marc-André Fleury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jocelyn Thibault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Marc-André Fleury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was not a member of the cabinets during the Winter War or the Continuation War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winter War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Continuation War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [65, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tactic secured National Coalition support and the subsequent passing of an emergency law .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no report available about his illness , as the papers have been moved to an unknown location , but it is commonly believed that he suffered from vascular dementia , probably due to atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vascular dementia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [154, 171]}, {"entity": "atherosclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [190, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His family moved to Christchurch when he was six .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christchurch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seat went to Gary Knapp of the Social Credit Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Knapp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Social Credit Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The publicity came to a head just before the scheduled publication of a book written by Nicky Hager containing leaked emails ( amongst other allegedly damaging revelations ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicky Hager", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played college hockey at the University of Minnesota .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Minnesota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He ended up third in the final results behind race winner Ron Fellows .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Fellows", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He rallied to finish in 7th place but was spun out by Parker Kligerman after the checkered flag for previous contact during the race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parker Kligerman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1996 , he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for Donald Brashear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Canadiens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Donald Brashear", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 28 March 2013 , Canada became the first country to withdraw from the convention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Holy See is the only state that is not a party to the convention that is eligible to accede to it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holy See", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the winter transfer window , he was linked with a move to Juventus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other career milestones included his 100th assist ( October 18 , 2006 , against the Pittsburgh Penguins ) , 200th point ( October 12 , 2006 , against the Toronto Maple Leafs ) , and 500th game ( November 17 , 2006 , against the Ottawa Senators ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 103]}, {"entity": "Toronto Maple Leafs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 173]}, {"entity": "Ottawa Senators", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Auburndale , Massachusetts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auburndale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of Cambridge bestowed on him the honorary degree \" Doctor of Music \" ( Mus. Doc. ) in May 1902 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Cambridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title role was taken by Louise Homer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louise Homer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of soil tends to support evergreen and deciduous forests .", "entity": [{"entity": "evergreen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1994 elections , Pawan Kumar Chamling of the Sikkim Democratic Front became the Chief Minister of the state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pawan Kumar Chamling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "Sikkim Democratic Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the 2019 legislative assembly elections were won by the Sikkim Krantikari Morcha party and the chief minister since then is Prem Singh Tamang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sikkim Krantikari Morcha", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 90]}, {"entity": "Prem Singh Tamang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The district capitals are Gangtok , Mangan , Namchi and Gyalshing respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gangtok", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Mangan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Namchi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Gyalshing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brewing , distilling , tanning and watchmaking are the main industries and are mainly located in the southern regions of the state , primarily in the towns of Melli and Jorethang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melli", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "Jorethang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The airport is located about from Gangtok , and frequent buses connect the two .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gangtok", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The five-station line is intended to support both economic development and Indian Army operations and was initially planned to be completed by 2015 , though as of 2013 its construction has met with delays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second phase the line will be extended up to Gangtok .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gangtok", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other major sectors are the public sector , some limited agriculture , and small scale manufacturing , most notably rum production .", "entity": [{"entity": "rum", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manufacturing sector consists of mainly rum distilling .", "entity": [{"entity": "rum", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It travels to the north and to the northwest through Atchison County for .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atchison County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bridge has been the starting point for The Boat Race since 1845 when the course was revised .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Boat Race", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The competitors are currently 32 men of Oxford and University of Cambridge with two crews of first and second eights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "University of Cambridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have been national tournaments played in Hungary and Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did not rely as heavily on big game as their predecessors , probably due to the changing climate and environment ; instead they broadened their resource base to include a variety of small game , wild plants , fish and mollusks .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [214, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few graves have been found buried in the cave during the Mesolithic that suggest care for the dead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cave also contains some of the earliest evidence for agriculture in Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been some debate about whether agriculture developed locally in Greece , or was introduced by colonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Returning in 2015 for a more thorough investigation , they found the ruins of an Early Bronze Age city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Early Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" sooty-capped hermit \" ( \" Phaethornis augusti \" ) is a hummingbird from Venezuela , Colombia , Guyana and Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "hummingbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Guyana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1996 , Lee Teng-hui selected him as running mate in the presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Teng-hui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 30 , he headed to his birthplace Xi'an .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xi'an", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This 3-day trip came after the invitation from the Communist Party of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the ensuing offseason he was nearly traded for Roger Maris , but the deal was cancelled by manager Danny Murtaugh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Maris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Danny Murtaugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He missed a few weeks late in the season after having his wrist broken by a Lew Burdette pitch on September 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lew Burdette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "319 batting average & ndash ; just seven points behind champion Tommy Davis & ndash ; and collecting 201 hits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tommy Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "254 in 1965 , he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies in a six-player deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General Agustín Muñoz Grandes was assigned to lead the volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agustín Muñoz Grandes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 13 , 1941 , the first train left Madrid for Grafenwöhr , Bavaria for a further five weeks of training .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Grafenwöhr", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Bavaria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The division was transported by train to Suwałki , Poland ( August 28 ) , from where it had to continue by foot on a 900 \" km march .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suwałki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this time , General Emilio Esteban Infantes had taken command .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emilio Esteban Infantes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Description : \" The book by the mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern .", "entity": [{"entity": "John von Neumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "Oskar Morgenstern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story is about a class of students on Venus , which , in this story , is a world of constant rainstorms , where the Sun is only visible for one hour every seven years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This version was premiered by Fritz Reiner and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra on November 22 , 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Reiner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The record is held jointly with international long jumper Jonathan Moore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did n't make his return from injury until on 31 March 2007 , starting the match , in a 1 – 0 win against Newcastle United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After spending two months out of the first team , he made his return to the starting line–up , starting the whole game , in a 1 – 1 draw against Aston Villa on 22 December 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this , he criticised Manager Roberto Mancini over his decision-making he made at the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roberto Mancini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he made his return three weeks later on 14 December 2013 , coming on as a second-half substitute , in a 2 – 0 win over Blackpool .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After serving a one match suspension , he returned to the first team , coming on as a substitute in the second half , and set up a goal for Paweł Wszołek , who scored the winning goal , in a 2 – 1 win over Ipswich Town on 2 January 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paweł Wszołek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a regular at centre back , partnering Steven Taylor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was disproved by D. E. Menshov who in 1916 constructed an example of a set of multiplicity which has measure zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "D. E. Menshov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting lasagne casserole is cut into single-serving square portions .", "entity": [{"entity": "casserole", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lasagne originated in Italy during the Middle Ages and have traditionally been ascribed to the city of Naples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "Middle Ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Naples", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It bore only a slight resemblance to the later traditional form of lasagne , featuring a fermented dough flattened into thin sheets ( lasagne ) , boiled , sprinkled with cheese and spices , and then eaten with a small pointed stick .", "entity": [{"entity": "dough", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other regions , lasagne can be made with various combinations of ricotta or mozzarella cheese , tomato sauce , meats ( e.g. , ground beef , pork or chicken ) , and vegetables ( e.g. , spinach , zucchini , olives , mushrooms ) , and the dish is typically flavoured with wine , garlic , onion , and oregano .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomato sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "wine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [272, 276]}, {"entity": "garlic", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [279, 285]}, {"entity": "onion", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [288, 293]}, {"entity": "oregano", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [300, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wedding was held at the Liberal Jewish Synagogue , with which her husband 's family has been associated for generations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Jewish Synagogue", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He denies reports that he played for Dunstable Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dunstable Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was decided that Brooke Burns would host the show instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooke Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pilot episode , featuring guests Holly Willoughby , Maya Jama and Piers Morgan , aired on 11 May 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Willoughby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Maya Jama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Piers Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hosted by Holly Willoughby , the first series lasted for seven episodes , beginning in April 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Willoughby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Prabhu , Karthik , Amala and newcomer Nirosha .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prabhu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Karthik", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Amala", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Nirosha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the feature film debut of Raadhika 's sister Nirosha .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raadhika", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Nirosha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To make the film more commercially viable , a comedy subplot was created , involving a middle-aged man ( V. K. Ramasamy ) and his chauffeur ( Janagaraj ) trying to cavort with a prostitute ( Disco Shanti ) without their wives ' knowledge .", "entity": [{"entity": "V. K. Ramasamy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "Janagaraj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "Disco Shanti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was created by its original director and producer Tomonobu Itagaki after he became a programmer for Tecmo , which was in need of a hit to boost sagging game sales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tomonobu Itagaki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "Tecmo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access ( FOMA ) or 3GSM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some carriers such as T-Mobile use band numbers to identify the UMTS frequencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "T-Mobile", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in 2003 , Hutchison Whampoa gradually launched their upstart UMTS networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hutchison Whampoa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Zealand in August 2005 and Australia in October 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Sweden , Telia introduced W-CDMA in March 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Telia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The larva is rather variable but is usually green or yellow , often with red markings .", "entity": [{"entity": "larva", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species overwinters as a pupa .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupa", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died from cancer following a long illness on 23 May 2006 , aged 85 , in Warsaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song is later heard over the closing credits and is also included in the 2013 play version of \" The Full Monty \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Full Monty", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was formerly believed to be useful for epilepsy , and that it could ward off witches and evil spirits .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may also become a problem weed in gardens .", "entity": [{"entity": "weed", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fuzzy logic proposes a gradual transition between \" perfect falsity \" , for example , the statement \" Bill Clinton is bald \" , to \" perfect truth \" , for , say , \" Patrick Stewart is bald \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "Patrick Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently Technical Director at Antigua Barracuda F.C. , which no longer exists , having been dissolved in 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antigua Barracuda F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1971 , he signed for Ipswich Town , where he spent five years and made over 150 appearances for the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2000 he was appointed manager of Norwich City , but resigned on 4 December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norwich City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Greg Beeman , it was his last theatrical film before he moved on to direct television films for Disney Channel beginning in 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Beeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Disney Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received an 11 % rating Rotten Tomatoes based on 18 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" 42nd parallel north \" is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth 's equatorial plane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth 's", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It crosses Europe , the Mediterranean Sea , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , North America , and the Atlantic Ocean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Mediterranean Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Pacific Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Atlantic Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours , 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours , 6 minutes during the winter solstice .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parallel 42 ° north passes through the southern end of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "Lake Erie", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also needed to perform with some of the greatest dancers and ballerinas of the time , from Gregory Hines , Juliet Prowse , Maria Tallchief or Margo Fonteyn to the Peter Gennaro dancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gregory Hines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "Juliet Prowse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "Maria Tallchief", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "Margo Fonteyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "Peter Gennaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later on , he sang a nearly four-minute-long version of \" Hound Dog \" and was shown in full the entire song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hound Dog", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before his death in a plane crash in December 1967 , soul singer Otis Redding had been booked to appear on the show the following year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otis Redding", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , he scheduled Fats Domino \" at the show 's end in case he had to cancel a guest \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fats Domino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band complied , with Mick Jagger and Bill Wyman ostentatiously rolling their eyes heavenward whenever they reached the song 's one-night-only , clean refrain , \" Let 's spend ' some time ' together \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mick Jagger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Bill Wyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9/09/1956 : Elvis Presley 's first appearance yielding an 82.6 percentage share , the highest in television history for any program up to the present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elvis Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "09/09/1956 : 43.7 rating Elvis Presley 's first appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elvis Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He immersed himself in the local jazz & blues scene dominated by the likes of John Lee Hooker , Joe Williams , Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee , Lenny Breau , Oscar Peterson , and Moe Koffman .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lee Hooker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Joe Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "Sonny Terry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Brownie McGhee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "Lenny Breau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Oscar Peterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 172]}, {"entity": "Moe Koffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "In 2011 , the show was broadcast by KidsCo .", "entity": [{"entity": "KidsCo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Adams Musical Instruments developed a pedal-operated version of this tuning mechanism in the early 21st century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adams Musical Instruments", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shaft is typically made from hardwood or bamboo but may also be made from aluminum or carbon fiber .", "entity": [{"entity": "bamboo", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 18th - century composer Johann Fischer wrote a symphony for eight timpani and orchestra , which requires the solo timpanist to play eight drums simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "In doing so , he broke the previous record set by Jim Hines , which had lasted for almost 15 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Hines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her third album , \" New View \" , was released on January 22 , 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New View", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During her tenure she pursued reform of the Police Federation , implemented a harder line on drugs policy including the banning of khat and brought in additional restrictions on immigration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Police Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The human rights group Liberty concluded that the new rules showed scant regard to the impact they would have on genuine families .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 7 July 2013 , Abu Qatada , a radical cleric arrested in 2002 , was deported to Jordan after a decade-long battle that had cost the nation £ 1.7 million in legal fees , and several prior Home Secretaries had not resolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Qatada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shadow Home Secretary , Yvette Cooper , described their language as being reminiscent of that used by the National Front in the 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yvette Cooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "National Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The two candidates with the fewest votes , Liam Fox and Stephen Crabb , immediately announced their support for May .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liam Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "Stephen Crabb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other key appointees included Amber Rudd as Home Secretary and Philip Hammond as Chancellor of the Exchequer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amber Rudd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Philip Hammond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her political adviser Nick Timothy wrote an article in 2015 to oppose China 's involvement in sensitive sectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Timothy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicky Morgan stated \" in 2016 MPs are n't asking for a veto but they do want a say and we hope the Prime Minister will remember her earlier words \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicky Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anna Soubry and Nick Clegg also called for more parliamentary involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna Soubry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Nick Clegg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2001 , she was made a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Marketors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Worshipful Company of Marketors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 30 August 2018 , she was awarded honorary citizenship of Abuja in Nigeria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abuja", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In temperate regions it is cultivated as a half-hardy annual .", "entity": [{"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 16 % based on 19 reviews , however users gave it a positive rating of 71 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" white-footed rabbit-rat \" ( \" Conilurus albipes \" ) is an extinct species of rodent , which was originally found in woodlands from Adelaide to Sydney , but became restricted to south-eastern Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "rodent", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Adelaide", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "Sydney", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [197, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At age 15 , he started to work at the Odessa Opera , where he accompanied the rehearsals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Odessa Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He never publicly discussed his personal life until the last year of his life when filmmaker Bruno Monsaingeon convinced him to be interviewed for a documentary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Monsaingeon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has appeared several times on the same stage as lead singer Ann Wilson and guitarist Nancy Wilson , once describing the experience as \" beyond a dream come true \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ann Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "Nancy Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For some years it had an instrumental theme tune composed and performed by John Dankworth .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Dankworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presenters , by this time Peter Snow and Philippa Forrester , also ran an hour-long interactive presentation within .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Philippa Forrester", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first league goal in 11 months came in a 5 – 1 defeat to Aston Villa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first league start came against Southampton on 31 August 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple had over 200 guests including fellow former teammates Kim Källström and Jon Jönsson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Källström", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "Jon Jönsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At their wedding , Swedish-idol Christoffer Hiding performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christoffer Hiding", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a vagrant to North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wader is highly gregarious , and will form flocks with other calidrid waders , particularly dunlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "dunlin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At first , his attraction to Marie Louise Mignot was clearly sexual , as evidenced by his letters to her ( only discovered in 1957 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marie Louise Mignot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had rooms at Sanssouci and Charlottenburg Palace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanssouci", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Charlottenburg Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "There was an elaborate ceremony , including music composed for the event by André Grétry .", "entity": [{"entity": "André Grétry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main economic activities are fishing , natural gas and oil extraction , sheep farming and ecotourism .", "entity": [{"entity": "sheep", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicole Kidman struck me in particular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicole Kidman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a broken right rib that he sustained during training caused the bout to be postponed until April 6 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "broken right rib", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directly across the square is Lower Stuart Street , which leads to the city 's centre , The Octagon , from where the station is clearly visible as a major landmark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lower Stuart Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "The Octagon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was re-released on 21 February 2005 , just two weeks before the release of their debut album \" Employment \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Employment", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his opponents , Dick Reynolds , spied on him during this activity in order to learn how to defeat his technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Reynolds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a broadcast commentator and a member of the executive of the National Union of Journalists .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Union of Journalists", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1972 , she obtained an M.F.A. in sculpture from Columbia University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She lives in Tribeca .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tribeca", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also worked with comedian Andy Kaufman in the late 1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Kaufman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was then followed by an appearance on the 1997 charity single \" Perfect Day \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perfect Day", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her new album \" Homeland \" was released on June 22 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Homeland", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also contributed lyrics to the Philip Glass album \" Songs from Liquid Days \" , and contributed a spoken-word piece to a tribute album in honor of John Cage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Glass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Songs from Liquid Days", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "John Cage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opera 's first , ornate production , costing 150,000 francs , was conducted by François Habeneck .", "entity": [{"entity": "François Habeneck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new production was mounted in Hanover in 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hanover", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series owes its name to Edmond Hoyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmond Hoyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His cousins included the composer Nicolas Nabokov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolas Nabokov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost it in the October Revolution one year later ; this was the only house he ever owned .", "entity": [{"entity": "October Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His remains were cremated and buried at the Clarens cemetery in Montreux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Montreux", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His longest novel , which met with a mixed response , is \" Ada \" ( 1969 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ada", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , his short story \" The Vane Sisters \" is famous in part for its acrostic final paragraph , in which the first letters of each word spell out a message from beyond the grave .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Vane Sisters", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fallow deer are thought to be their closest living relatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fallow deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became world champion in the 4 × 200 \" m freestyle alongside Pieter van den Hoogenband , Johan Kenkhuis and Martijn Zuijdweg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pieter van den Hoogenband", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 89]}, {"entity": "Johan Kenkhuis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Martijn Zuijdweg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers ' favourite , David Cameron , without a rival in the centre of the party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "David Cameron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died at age 85 in Moncton , New Brunswick on January 31 , 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moncton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "New Brunswick", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wayne Gretzky , Scotty Bowman , and Detroit Tigers great Al Kaline acted as pallbearers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wayne Gretzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Scotty Bowman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Al Kaline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would be the nucleus of the movement that became the National Hockey League Players ' Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Hockey League Players ' Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" directed by François Reichenbach .", "entity": [{"entity": "François Reichenbach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actors Barbra Streisand and Richard Dreyfuss participated in the religious community and synagogue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbra Streisand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Richard Dreyfuss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Colombo , the couple accidentally and awkwardly end up next to each other in a rickshaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He learns that she was merely the daughter of a Berlin laundry owner and a common street walker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last scene , back home in London , the couple are seen arguing in a manner reminiscent of their bickering immediately prior to the arrival of the fateful letter .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , the origins of the book are revealed , as is the incident on Walpurgis Night twelve years prior , when the evil force was at its strongest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walpurgis Night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For their first ritual , they decide to summon a demon , in order to get Satan on their side .", "entity": [{"entity": "Satan", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "318 in , which was third in the league behind Rod Carew and Fred Lynn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rod Carew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Fred Lynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also spent time with the Montreal Alouettes and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Alouettes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "Hamilton Tiger-Cats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview , He liked to study the classics , most notably the works of Huygens , Newton and Poincaré , and many times he reported to have found in their works ideas that had not been explored yet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huygens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "Poincaré", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rodney Brooks , the robot scientist from MIT , wrote a paper in which he speculates that it might be more effective to send one hundred one-kilogram robots into space , instead of a single hundred-kilogram robot , replacing the need for reliability with chance and sheer numbers , as systems in nature have learned to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney Brooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It maintained training areas at Sieradz and Biedrusko .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sieradz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Biedrusko", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a professor of humanities ( 1960 – 96 ) and professor of literature ( 1970 – 96 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Taimak , Vanity , Julius J. Carry III , Chris Murney , Keshia Knight Pulliam , and Faith Prince .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taimak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Vanity", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Julius J. Carry III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "Chris Murney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Keshia Knight Pulliam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "Faith Prince", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Choreography was created by Lester Wilson and Lawrence Leritz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lester Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Lawrence Leritz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Charlene performed the song \" Fire \" for the soundtrack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Offering training courses in , and demonstrations of , rural crafts is now becoming a viable job in some parts of the British Isles .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Isles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1960 , the San Diego school board told him that he could not play a scheduled concert at a high school unless he signed an oath pledging that the concert would not be used to promote a communist agenda or an overthrow of the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album \" God Bless the Grass \" was released on January of that year and became the first album in history wholly dedicated to songs about environmental issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "God Bless the Grass", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a child , he attended the University of Chicago Experimental School .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago Experimental School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was referred by jazz composer Bill Russo to Paul Hindemith , with whom he studied informally until 1952 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Russo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Paul Hindemith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They moved to New York City in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's the personality of music which makes it , finally , \" he said in a 1963 interview with A. B. Spellman .", "entity": [{"entity": "A. B. Spellman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2004 he joined , together with Miguel Ángel Martín Perdiguero from , and Víctor Hugo Peña and Floyd Landis from .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miguel Ángel Martín Perdiguero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 72]}, {"entity": "Víctor Hugo Peña", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Floyd Landis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lesbian historian Lillian Faderman describes the separatist impulses of lesbian feminism which created culture and cultural artifacts as \" giving love between women greater visibility \" in broader culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lillian Faderman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1983 , anarchist Bob Black wrote : \" Separatism may be absurd as a social program and riddled with inconsistencies ( scarcely any separatists separate from patriarchal society to anything like the extent that , say , survivalists do - and nobody intervenes more to mind other people ’s business than separatists ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Black", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While advocating a broadly separatist policy , feminist Sonia Johnson points out that feminist separatism risks defining itself by what it separates itself from , i.e. men .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sonia Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The George Washington Birthplace National Monument is a national park .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Washington Birthplace National Monument", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "composer Koji Kondo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koji Kondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An \" astronomical clock \" , \" horologium \" , or \" orloj \" is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information , such as the relative positions of the sun , moon , zodiacal constellations , and sometimes major planets .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To become a master clockmaker in 17th - century Augsburg , candidates had to design and build a ' masterpiece ' clock , an astronomical table-top clock of formidable complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augsburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town of Omarama , in the lee of the mountains , has gained an international reputation for its gliding conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Omarama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mountains are rich in flora with about 25 % of the country 's plant species being found above the treeline in alpine plant habitats and grassland with mountain beech forest at lower elevations ( of the eastern side but not in Westland ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plants adapted to the alpine conditions include woody shrubs like \" Hebe \" , \" Dracophyllum \" , and \" Coprosma \" , the conifer snow totara \" ( Podocarpus nivalis ) \" and \" Carex \" sedge grasses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebe", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "Dracophyllum", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Coprosma", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "snow totara", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Carex", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Kea can be found in the forested foothills as well as higher , colder elevations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kea", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the world 's only alpine parrot , and was once hunted as a pest .", "entity": [{"entity": "parrot", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the former pitching coach of the Winston-Salem Dash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winston-Salem Dash", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently bullpen coach for the Chicago White Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his teammates were future major-leaguers Will Clark , Rafael Palmeiro and Jeff Brantley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Will Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Rafael Palmeiro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Jeff Brantley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following season , he signed with the Seattle Mariners , who released him on April 29 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut at The Hawthorns as a substitute in a 2 – 1 win over Tranmere Rovers on 9 August 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hawthorns", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Tranmere Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He claimed further hat-tricks against Crystal Palace and Huddersfield Town , and finished the season with 32 goals in 45 games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crystal Palace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Huddersfield Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , his £ 1,400 a week salary was compared with the £ 5,000 a week salary of under-performing teammate Fabian de Freitas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fabian de Freitas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut in a 1 – 0 defeat to Plymouth Argyle at Bloomfield Road on 4 April .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth Argyle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Bloomfield Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he was one of a number of players released by the club 's new manager Dave Penney in May 2009 , and returned to Kidderminster Harriers for training in order to keep up his fitness levels whilst searching for a new club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Penney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Kidderminster Harriers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then got his second hat-trick against Northampton Town in a 5 – 2 home win on 12 September .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northampton Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two weeks later he was confirmed to be a target of Sheffield Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Adrian Pennock stated that \" He 's come to play football , he 's not come for money and I 'm chuffed to have him on board .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrian Pennock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 25 January , he scored his first goals for the club , securing a brace in a 3 – 0 home win over Chester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chester", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Ellerslie Primary School , excelling in arithmetic and sports .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ellerslie Primary School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He identified his closest colleagues as Richard Prebble , Mike Moore , and Michael Bassett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Prebble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Mike Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Michael Bassett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When disagreement became increasingly a matter of public knowledge , and the 1984 general election drew closer , the party 's deputy leader Geoffrey Palmer drafted a compromise proposal that combined elements of both sides of the argument .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoffrey Palmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heads of Treasury and the Reserve Bank advised that devaluation was the only way to stop the currency crisis that followed the announcement of an early election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Reserve Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bonus clip includes interviews with Jennifer Rubin and Kurtwood Smith .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jennifer Rubin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Kurtwood Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , it has a 25 % rating from critics based on 28 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The North Sea rovers were traders , colonisers , explorers , and plunderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overpopulation , especially near the Scandes , was possibly influential ( this theory regarding overpopulation is disputed ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scandes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incursions in 841 caused severe damage to Rouen and Jumièges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rouen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Jumièges", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One important centre of trade was at Hedeby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hedeby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gene flow entered Denmark and eastern Sweden , from which it spread into the rest of Scandinavia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Scandinavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inland areas were found to be more genetically homogenous than coastal areas and islands such as Öland and Gotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Öland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Gotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another early influence is Judy Blume , an author of children 's books .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Blume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ben Folds produced and also played on the album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Folds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She did most of the shows with a broken foot she had sustained in Belfast , Northern Ireland when a car ran over her foot as she stepped out into a street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book also received several critical reviews , most notably from NPR .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , referee Chris Beath believed his arms to be in a natural position .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Beath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He led a band which included Conte Candoli , Bennie Green , Boots Mussulli , Ed Shaughnessy , Jackie Cain , and Roy Kral .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conte Candoli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Bennie Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Boots Mussulli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Ed Shaughnessy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "Jackie Cain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Roy Kral", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precogs were intellectually disabled and deformed individuals in the story , but in the film , they are the genetically mutated offspring of drug addicts .", "entity": [{"entity": "intellectually disabled", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [17, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On September 9 , 2014 , it was announced that a follow-up television series had been given a pilot commitment at Fox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He guest-starred on Fred Waring 's CBS television program in the 1950 s and appeared on \" Circus Boy \" as a hot air balloonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Waring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Circus Boy", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other new players were : Alby Bowtell , Claude Crowl , Peter Donnelly , Alf Hammond , Otto Opelt , Rowley Smith , Tom Soutar , and Bill Ward - and , including that match , and ignoring Harrie Hattam ( 16 games ) , Bert Pierce ( 41 games ) , and Bill Woodcock ( 65 games ) , the very inexperienced team 's remaining fifteen players had only played a total of 46 matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alby Bowtell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Claude Crowl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Peter Donnelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Alf Hammond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Otto Opelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Rowley Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Tom Soutar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "Bill Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "Harrie Hattam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [189, 202]}, {"entity": "Bert Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 229]}, {"entity": "Bill Woodcock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his retirement from football , he was involved in many business ventures before his death in Hobart on 10 October 1963 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobart", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also used for tactical counterattacks , among others for the village of Wawrzyszew , where the company managed to disrupt enemy preparations for the assault .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wawrzyszew", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" volcano \" is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object , such as Earth , that allows hot lava , volcanic ash , and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The planet Venus has a surface that is 90 % basalt , indicating that volcanism played a major role in shaping its surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some \" zeppole \" are filled with ricotta mixed with small pieces of chocolate , candied fruits and honey .", "entity": [{"entity": "ricotta", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Malta , anchovy \" zeppoli \" are traditionally consumed during the Lent fasting period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Lent", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was dismissed without adding to his score just seven balls later , stumped by Prasanna Jayawardene off Muttiah Muralitharan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prasanna Jayawardene", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 101]}, {"entity": "Muttiah Muralitharan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was instrumental in the revival of Halston , collaborating with Tamara Mellon , Sarah Jessica Parker , and stylist Rachel Zoe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Halston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Tamara Mellon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "Sarah Jessica Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "Rachel Zoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's got a shot with Daniel Evans , the young director who 's in talks to do it \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Victim facilitation , another controversial sub-topic , but a more accepted theory than victim proneness , finds its roots in the writings of criminologists such as Marvin Wolfgang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin Wolfgang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His birthday is on Star Wars Day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Wars Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" B. tyroni \" is native to subtropical coastal Queensland and northern New South Wales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Containment efforts have included irradiating pupae in order to induce sterility .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterility", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At in length , they are slightly smaller than the spotted crake , from which they are readily distinguished by the lack of dark barring and white spots on the flanks .", "entity": [{"entity": "spotted crake", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike other \" Porzana \" crakes , this species has strong sexual dimorphism : Adult males have mainly brown upperparts and blue-grey face and underparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porzana", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1909 , while still a shop assistant , he was a witness for the defence at the conspiracy trial of trade unionist Tom Mann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Mann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While still a Member of Parliament in 1961 he authored a book with brief biographies of all leaders of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party until that time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Parliamentary Labor Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Hume explained that this is the case because \" the minds of all men are similar in their feelings and operations \" and that \" the motion of one communicates itself to the rest \" so that as affectations readily pass from one to another , they beget corresponding movements .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is typically formed into balls of approximately 6 \" cm diameter , which are often covered in za'atar and Aleppo pepper , and then aged and dried .", "entity": [{"entity": "za'atar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Aleppo pepper", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common spice is thyme , thus giving the cheese its appearance somewhat resembling a rum ball .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyme", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shanklish is generally eaten with finely-chopped tomato , onion , and olive oil ; and often accompanied by araq .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomato", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "onion", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "olive oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a common meze dish .", "entity": [{"entity": "meze", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the men 's basketball coach at High Point University , his alma mater .", "entity": [{"entity": "High Point University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , he joined Roy Williams , Nolan Richardson , Denny Crum , and Jim Boeheim as the only head coaches to win 365 games in 15 seasons or fewer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Nolan Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Denny Crum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Jim Boeheim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , the band released \" Psycho Circus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Psycho Circus", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The award was presented by Mel Gibson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mel Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the top quark is extremely unstable , with a half-life under 10 s , which is the required time for the strong interaction to take place .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set in 1965 , the show was compared by some to another look-back-through-the-years show , \" The Wonder Years \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Wonder Years", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One group wanted to irrigate the ancient Grand Coulee with a gravity canal while the other pursued a high dam and pumping scheme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Coulee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the dam does not contain fish passage , neither does the next downstream dam , Chief Joseph Dam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chief Joseph Dam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third large dam downstream , Wells Dam , has an intricate system of fish ladders to accommodate yearly salmon spawning and migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wells Dam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who took office in March 1933 , supported the dam because of its irrigation potential and the power it would provide , but he was uneasy with its price tag .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 4 , 1934 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt visited the construction site and was impressed by the project and its purpose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incorporated in 1935 , the city of Grand Coulee supported workers as well and is just west of the dam on the plateau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grand Coulee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the new turbines and generators , three 600 \" MW units were built by Westinghouse and three 700 \" MW units by General Electric .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westinghouse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "General Electric", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Office of Indian Affairs negotiated with the United States Bureau of Reclamation on behalf of tribes who were concerned about the flooding of their grave sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Office of Indian Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "United States Bureau of Reclamation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building was designed by Marcel Breuer , and resembles a generator rotor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcel Breuer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folk singer Woody Guthrie wrote some of his most famous songs while working in the area in the 1940 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woody Guthrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was published in 1998 and adapted for television by the BBC in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film chronicles a former race car driver ( played by Bruno Lawrence ) who inadvertently contributes to the end of his marriage , then kidnaps his daughter ( Greer Robson ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Greer Robson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Ebert called it one of the best films of 1981 , \" so emotionally wise and observant that we learn from it why people sometimes make the front pages with guns in their hands and try to explain that it 's all because of love \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , before his first season , he received an offer from the CAI Zaragoza in Spain and he accepted .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAI Zaragoza", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded the track in fifteen minutes at his home studio using a two-channel Revox deck , \" away from all the arguments and politics \" that came with making the album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Revox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is inconsistent evidence for vegan diets providing a protective effect against metabolic syndrome , but some evidence suggests that a vegan diet can help with weight loss , especially in the short term .", "entity": [{"entity": "metabolic syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fiber , magnesium , folic acid , vitamin C , vitamin E , iron , and phytochemicals ; and lower in dietary energy , saturated fat , cholesterol , long-chain omega-3 fatty acids , vitamin D , calcium , zinc , and vitamin B. supplementation is especially important because its deficiency causes blood disorders and potentially irreversible neurological damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "dietary fiber", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest in veganism increased in the 2010 s , Its origin is an irregular compound of \" vegetable \" and the suffix \" - arian \" ( in the sense of \" supporter , believer \" as in \" humanitarian \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetable", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first edition attracted more than 100 letters , including from George Bernard Shaw , who resolved to give up eggs and dairy .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Bernard Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like vegetarians vegans do not eat meat ( including beef , pork , poultry , fowl , game , animal seafood ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beef", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "pork", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "poultry", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "fowl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "game", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain milk from dairy cattle , cows are made pregnant to induce lactation ; they are kept lactating for three to seven years , then slaughtered .", "entity": [{"entity": "dairy cattle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most male calves are slaughtered at birth , sent for veal production , or reared for beef .", "entity": [{"entity": "veal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Butter and margarine can be replaced with alternate vegan products .", "entity": [{"entity": "margarine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baking powder , silken ( soft ) tofu , mashed potato , bananas , flaxseeds , and aquafaba from chickpeas can also be used as egg substitutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tofu", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raw veganism , combining veganism and raw foodism , excludes all animal products and food cooked above .", "entity": [{"entity": "raw foodism", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A raw vegan diet includes vegetables , fruits , nuts , grain and legume sprouts , seeds , and sea vegetables .", "entity": [{"entity": "grain and legume sprouts", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [55, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many variations of the diet , including fruitarianism .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruitarianism", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A deficiency may cause megaloblastic anaemia and neurological damage , and , if untreated , may lead to death .", "entity": [{"entity": "megaloblastic anaemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [23, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High-calcium foods may include fortified plant milk , kale , collards and raw garlic as common vegetable sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "plant milk", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "kale", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "garlic", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the National Institutes of Health , most people can obtain and store sufficient vitamin D from sunlight in the spring , summer , and fall , even in the far north .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Institutes of Health", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ergocalciferol ( vitamin D ) is derived from ergosterol from UV-exposed mushrooms or yeast and is suitable for vegans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ergocalciferol", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When produced industrially as supplements , vitamin D is typically derived from lanolin in sheep 's wool .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanolin", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iron-deficiency anemia is found as often in non-vegetarians as in vegetarians , and vegetarians ' iron stores are lower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron-deficiency anemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "such as half a cup of cauliflower or five fluid ounces of orange juice .", "entity": [{"entity": "orange juice", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coffee and some herbal teas can inhibit iron absorption , as can spices that contain tannins such as turmeric , coriander , chiles , and tamarind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coffee", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is inconsistent evidence for vegan diets providing a protective effect against metabolic syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "metabolic syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vegan diet offers no benefit over other types of healthy diet in helping with high blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "healthy diet", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eliminating all animal products increases the risk of deficiencies of vitamins B and D , calcium , and omega-3 fatty acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [79, 80]}, {"entity": "D", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [85, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Philosopher Peter Singer , a protectionist and utilitarian , argues that there is no moral or logical justification for failing to count animal suffering as a consequence when making decisions , and that killing animals should be rejected unless necessary for survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Singer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An argument proposed by Bruce Friedrich , also a protectionist , holds that strict adherence to veganism harms animals , because it focuses on personal purity , rather than encouraging people to give up whatever animal products they can .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Friedrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the leading activists and scholars of feminist animal rights is Carol J. Adams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carol J. Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scholars have especially noted the growth in the twenty-first century of Jewish veganism and Jain veganism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jewish veganism", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "Jain veganism", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then crashed out of the championship with a fall on the 500 m , and despite beating champion Frode Rønning by 1.61 seconds on the final 1000 m , he had no chance to finish anything but last .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frode Rønning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the father of ice hockey player Jean-Francois Boucher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Francois Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a marine embayment formed within a tuff ring and located along the southeast coast of the Island of Oahu in the Hawaii Kai neighborhood of East Honolulu , in the Hawaiian Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Island of Oahu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "Hawaii Kai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "East Honolulu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "Hawaiian Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visitors are required by law to refrain from mistreating marine animals or from touching , walking , or otherwise having contact with coral heads , which appear much like large rocks on the ocean floor ( here , mostly seaward of the shallow fringing reef off the beach ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coral", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also known for its abundance of parrotfish .", "entity": [{"entity": "parrotfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With ( 1770 – 1831 ) in philosophy , ( 1768 – 1834 ) in theology and ( 1795 – 1886 ) in history , the University of Berlin , founded in 1810 , became the world 's leading university .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Berlin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Offsetting this growth , there was extensive emigration , especially to the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left the following year to focus on his solo career and was replaced by Keith Carlock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keith Carlock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five years later he led a band that performed at the North Sea Jazz Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Sea Jazz Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytogenetically , congenital infantile fibrosarcoma is characterized by the majority of cases having a translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15 ( notated as t ( 12 ; 15 ) ( p13 ; q25 ) ) that results in formation of the fusion gene , \" ETV6 - NTRK3 \" , plus individual cases exhibiting trisomy for chromosomes 8 , 11 , 17 , or 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "translocation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many tumors in the differential diagnosis , including spindle cell melanoma , spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma , synovial sarcoma , leiomyosarcoma , malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "synovial sarcoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [127, 143]}, {"entity": "leiomyosarcoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [146, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also the most common vaccine-associated sarcoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "vaccine-associated sarcoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars John Turturro , Rob Morrow and Ralph Fiennes , with Paul Scofield , David Paymer , Hank Azaria and Christopher McDonald appearing in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Turturro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Rob Morrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Ralph Fiennes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Paul Scofield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "David Paymer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Hank Azaria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "Christopher McDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1958 , the questions and answers to be used for the latest broadcast of NBC 's popular quiz show \" Twenty-One \" are transported from a secure bank vault to the studio .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evening 's main attraction is Queens resident Herb Stempel ( John Turturro ) , the reigning champion , who correctly answers question after question .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Herb Stempel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "John Turturro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paul Attanasio began writing the screenplay in 1990 , who joined immediately for the subject matter 's \" complex ironies , \" such as with its main characters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Attanasio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It opened in New York City on September 14 , 1994 and expanded to 27 screens for the weekend , grossing $ 757,714 , the fifth-highest-grossing opening weekend on under 50 screens of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also broke relations with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Warsaw Pact", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pro-communist miners ' strike in Lota was brutally suppressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Communist Party remained illegal until 1958 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radicals were unhappy with the economic policies of the right-wing Finance Minister , Jorge Alessandri , no matter how successful they were in controlling inflation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge Alessandri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1964 , he actively campaigned for radical presidential candidate Julio Durán , who was also anti-communist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julio Durán", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut for the club the following day as a second-half substitute for Kyle Bennett against Yeovil Town , the game ended in a 2 – 1 defeat at Huish Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kyle Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Yeovil Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Huish Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played seven times for the team from Castile and León , who ended up relegated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Castile and León", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay was written by Jan Sardi , and directed by Scott Hicks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Sardi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Scott Hicks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A young man ( Geoffrey Rush ) wanders through a heavy rainstorm , finding his way into a nearby restaurant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoffrey Rush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , on 25 March of the following year , he signed with D.C. United of the Major League Soccer .", "entity": [{"entity": "D.C. United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Major League Soccer", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [80, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a letter to Ernest Guiraud in 1890 he wrote : \" The ideal would be two associated dreams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernest Guiraud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason it has sometimes been compared to Beethoven 's \" Fidelio \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Fidelio", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1942 recording conducted by Roger Désormière , the first note-complete version , is considered a reference by most critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Désormière", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sets proved realistic enough to fool even Stanley Kubrick , who attended the movie 's premiere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stanley Kubrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a 56 % \" rotten \" rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 18 reviews , with a weighted average of 6.08 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large proportion of the indoor filming , representing the royal palace , was conducted in various corners of Durham Cathedral - its unique nave pillars are clearly identifiable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Durham Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It holds an approval rating of 82 % on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews , with an average score of 7.28 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the younger brother of Jamie Robinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A targeted immune response to MBP has been implicated in lethal rabies infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabies", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former health minister , John Dunwoody , became its first director .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Dunwoody", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He considered standing as a candidate to replace Paddy Ashdown as party leader in the 1999 leadership election but ultimately decided against it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paddy Ashdown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also one of twelve candidates for the position of Speaker when Betty Boothroyd stood down in 2000 , but he lost out to Michael Martin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betty Boothroyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Michael Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took over in the general election campaign for three days from 12 April 2005 when Charles Kennedy took paternity leave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of St Andrews awarded an honorary doctorate of law to former President Mohammad Khatami of Iran , which sparked some criticism , although as Chancellor he is only the titular head and not involved in such decisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of St Andrews", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "Mohammad Khatami", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After intense speculation in late 2007 , Gordon Brown announced there would be no general election in 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gordon Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tall and athletic striker who had pace , an impressive heading ability and was effective with both feet , he started out as an apprentice with Tottenham Hotspur but was released by the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 31 appearances and nine goals , he was sold to Watford for £ 25,000 in January 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This small passerine bird is found in dry open country , including cultivation , with bushes or some trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is migratory , wintering in sub-Saharan Africa or Arabia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut away to Arsenal on 21 February and made his home debut at the Stadium of Light on 7 March against Tottenham Hotspur .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Stadium of Light", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 1 January 2011 assisted Freddie Sears to score in a 2 – 0 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddie Sears", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Wolverhampton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued training with the club for a short time after his release however , and appeared in a pre-season friendly against Exeter City on 11 July 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Exeter City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In three years , the plague killed some 50,000 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "plague", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" sestieri \" are divided into parishes – initially 70 in 1033 , but reduced under Napoleon , and now numbering just 38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Napoleon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 19th century , a causeway to the mainland brought the railroad to Venice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venice", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luigi Brugnaro is both the president of the club and the mayor of the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luigi Brugnaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venetian taste was conservative and Renaissance architecture only really became popular in buildings from about the 1470 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance architecture", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [36, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In turn the transition to Baroque architecture was also fairly gentle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baroque architecture", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dessert tiramisù is generally thought to have been invented in Treviso in the 1970 s , and is popular in the Veneto area .", "entity": [{"entity": "tiramisù", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Treviso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Veneto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Simon J. Smith and Steve Hickner , the film stars Jerry Seinfeld and Renée Zellweger , with Matthew Broderick , Patrick Warburton , John Goodman and Chris Rock in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon J. Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Steve Hickner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Jerry Seinfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "Renée Zellweger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "Matthew Broderick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 121]}, {"entity": "Patrick Warburton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 141]}, {"entity": "John Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Chris Rock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nick Fletcher was the supervising editor and music for the film was composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Fletcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Rupert Gregson-Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The popular internet site Gaia Online featured a great deal of promotional material for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gaia Online", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received a 50 % approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , based on 173 reviews with an average rating of 5.67 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This snake is infamous for being an invasive species responsible for extirpating the majority of the native bird population in Guam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snakes caused the extirpation of most of the native forest vertebrate species ; thousands of power outages affecting private , commercial , and military activities ; widespread loss of domestic birds and pets ; and considerable emotional trauma to residents and visitors alike when snakes invaded human habitats with the potential for envenomation of small children .", "entity": [{"entity": "envenomation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [335, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An incipient population is probably established on Saipan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saipan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a member of the subfamily Colubrinae , genus \" Boiga \" , which is a group of roughly twenty five species that are referred to as \" cat-eyed \" snakes for their vertical pupils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colubrinae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study two actual predators were identified and 55 potential predators were identified : the two actual predators identified were the red-bellied black snake and the cane toad .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-bellied black snake", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [141, 164]}, {"entity": "cane toad", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [173, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the dominant closers in baseball history , he held the major league record for career saves from until , when San Diego Padres relief pitcher Trevor Hoffman passed his total of 478 .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "Trevor Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buck O'Neil claimed credit for having scouted him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buck O'Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he fell four short of his record , which was broken the following season by Rod Beck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rod Beck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reached 30 saves in only the 83rd game of the season , tying the record set by Bobby Thigpen in 1990 for the earliest any pitcher had reached 30 saves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Thigpen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Éric Gagné broke the record in 2002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Éric Gagné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 11 , he saved his 16th consecutive game to break the major league record set by Doug Jones in 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doug Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later in 1998 , he signed a minor league deal with the Houston Astros , but with an ERA near 7.00 at Triple-A , he retired from the majors again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a high mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies on the border between Alberta and British Columbia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Rockies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "Alberta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "British Columbia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six players on the 1959 team finished with double-digit totals in home runs , while 22-year - old Don Drysdale led the team 's pitchers with 17 wins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Drysdale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year , the team finished in second place after veteran Duke Snider missed two months with a broken arm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duke Snider", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cousin Lil ' Cease recalled the pair as close , often traveling together whenever they were not working .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lil ' Cease", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Dinkins and Clive Davis also attended the funeral .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Dinkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Clive Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beanie Sigel auditioned for the role , but was not picked .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beanie Sigel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which also featured Harvey Brooks on guitar and bass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvey Brooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on their albums \" Sweetnighter \" and \" Mysterious Traveller \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sweetnighter", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Mysterious Traveller", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also selected by manager Diego Simeone as the new captain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diego Simeone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franchise creator Yuji Horii acted in a supervisory role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuji Horii", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roller derby is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide , mostly inside the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the sport has its origins in the banked-track roller-skating marathons of the 1930 s , Leo Seltzer and Damon Runyon are credited with evolving the sport to its competitive form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo Seltzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Damon Runyon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1989 saw the debut of \" RollerGames , \" an even more theatrical variant of roller derby for national audiences .", "entity": [{"entity": "RollerGames", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , corporate advertising has used roller derby themes in television commercials for insurance , a breakfast cereal , and an over-the-counter analgesic .", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast cereal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [109, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conway calls it a \" tetrille \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conway", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Ulmus rubra \" , the \" slippery elm \" , is a species of elm native to eastern North America , ranging from southeast North Dakota , east to Maine and southern Quebec , south to northernmost Florida , and west to eastern Texas , where it thrives in moist uplands , although it will also grow in dry , intermediate soils .", "entity": [{"entity": "elm", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "North Dakota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [221, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reddish-brown fruit is an oval winged samara , orbicular to obovate , slightly notched at the top , long , the single , central seed coated with red-brown hairs , naked elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "samara", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "seed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [132, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" pendula \" ( 1890 ) see \" Ulmus americana \" ' Pendula ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" Ulmus americana \" ' Pendula '", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [25, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes leaves are dried and ground into a powder , then made into a tea .", "entity": [{"entity": "tea", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2011 , Scott Lipps joined the band , replacing drummer Stu Fisher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Lipps", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "Stu Fisher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the third day , the division was approaching Iskhikawa , twelve days ahead of schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iskhikawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The division arrived in Tsingtao , China on 11 October 1945 being replaced by the 3d Marine Brigade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsingtao", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "3d Marine Brigade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year , he was an assistant coach for the varsity football team under head coach Ed Danowski , but he was arguably the \" de facto \" head coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Danowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He accepted a job that would later become known as the offensive coordinator position under new head coach Jim Lee Howell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Lee Howell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lombardi was previously quarterbacks coach for the New Orleans Saints .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans Saints", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terence Cardinal Cooke delivered the eulogy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terence Cardinal Cooke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was a member of the committee to choose the design for the California commemorative quarter .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She shared a jail cell with authors Alice Walker and Terry Tempest Williams , who were also participants in the demonstration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Terry Tempest Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Executive producer Tim Herlihy was also enacted several script revisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Herlihy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protocol was concluded at Geneva , Switzerland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geneva", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently is on the staff of Heartland of Owerri .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heartland of Owerri", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He started in their first XV for two years and was captained by Phil Waugh when they were in year 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Waugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was adapted from a 1971 black comedy play by Neil Simon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story revolves around the escalating problems of a middle-aged couple living on Second Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Avenue", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "Upper East Side", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The music is by Marvin Hamlisch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin Hamlisch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later became suspicious of their humanitarian motives and denounced socialist leaders as an ' aristocracy of brigands ' who threatened to despoil the country and criticized the government of Giovanni Giolitti for not taking a tougher stance against worker strikes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Giolitti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His writings reflected the ideas of Léon Walras that economics is essentially a mathematical science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Léon Walras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the functions castles served was as a prison ; the first record of the castle being used in this way was in 1196 , although the role became much more important after the English Civil War .", "entity": [{"entity": "English Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [177, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Architect Thomas Harrison was commissioned to complete the work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Harrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary component of this system is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1 \" III .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has been designated a barium star , meaning its atmosphere is extremely enriched with barium and other heavy elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer , Jan Niklas and Gudrun Landgrebe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus Maria Brandauer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "Jan Niklas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Gudrun Landgrebe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the 1970 s , Harlan Ellison even described dystheism as a bit of a science fiction cliché .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harlan Ellison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he studied under Ambroise Thomas , whom he greatly admired .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ambroise Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his students were Gustave Charpentier , Ernest Chausson , Reynaldo Hahn and Gabriel Pierné .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gustave Charpentier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Ernest Chausson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Reynaldo Hahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Gabriel Pierné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work in the orchestra pit gave him a good working knowledge of the operas of Gounod and other composers , classic and contemporary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gounod", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained some work as a piano accompanist , in the course of which he met Wagner who , along with Berlioz , was one of his two musical heroes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Berlioz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main biographical detail of note of his latter years was his second \" amitié amoureuse \" with one of his leading ladies , Lucy Arbell , who created roles in his last operas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Arbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 Andrew Porter called this view preposterous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Porter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Firstly , stations were to be built at a level slightly raised above that of normal track so as to prevent drainage directly into them , whilst the average tunnel width was to be reduced from the standard of the Moscow Metro to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow Metro", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [212, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subway grand opening was held on 15 November 1955 , with the first seven stations ( the eighth one , Pushkinskaya opened a few months later ) being put into public use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pushkinskaya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1978 , the line was extended past the city limits into the Leningrad Oblast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leningrad Oblast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further extension of the line was undertaken to the south in the early 1970 s , and in the 1980 s to the north , with the final station Parnas being opened , following numerous delays , in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parnas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They managed to complete the tunnel , but in 1995 the tunnel had to be closed and a section of it between Lesnaya and Ploschad Muzhestva flooded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesnaya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Ploschad Muzhestva", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original stations are very beautiful and elaborately decorated , especially Avtovo and Narvskaya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avtovo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Narvskaya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The line connects four out of five Saint Petersburg 's main railway stations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , a flooding occurred in a tunnel between Lesnaya and Ploschad Muzhestva stations and , for nine years , the line was separated into two independent segments ( the gap was connected by a shuttle bus route ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesnaya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "Ploschad Muzhestva", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The line cuts Saint Petersburg centre on a northeast-southwest axis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the south its alignment follows the shore of the Gulf of Finland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf of Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the north it extends outside the city limits into the Leningrad oblast ( it is the only line to stretch beyond the city boundary ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leningrad oblast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wedding ceremony took place in the Church of St Joan of Arc in Rouen on 10 August 1925 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Church of St Joan of Arc", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 63]}, {"entity": "Rouen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 4e DI was ordered to hold the line of the Sambre river .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sambre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon mixing the enzyme with the substrate and exposure to oxygen ( as when a potato or apple is cut and left out ) , the colorless catechol oxidizes to reddish-brown melanoid pigments , derivatives of benzoquinone .", "entity": [{"entity": "potato", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "apple", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the main natural phenols in argan oil , and is a component of castoreum , a substance from the castor gland of beavers , used in perfumery .", "entity": [{"entity": "argan oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arthropod cuticle consists of chitin linked by a catechol moiety to protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthropod", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecule catechin , another natural compound present in tea , contains a catechol group .", "entity": [{"entity": "tea", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - \" Trans \" - Isocamphylcyclohexanol , widely used as a replacement for sandalwood oil , is prepared from catechol via guaiacol and camphor .", "entity": [{"entity": "sandalwood oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" flag of Austria \" ( ) has three equal horizontal bands of red ( top ) , white , and red .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The triband is first documented in a seal on a deed issued on 30 November 1230 , confirming the privileges of Lilienfeld Abbey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lilienfeld Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1870 , and again in 1874 , he was elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Maidstone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberal Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "Maidstone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His nephew was Percy Lubbock , a prominent man of letters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Percy Lubbock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by his eldest son , John .", "entity": [{"entity": "John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was produced by Audius Mtawarira , and was mainly a collection of covers , featuring only two original tracks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Audius Mtawarira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leaves are deciduous , alternate , simple oval shape , 3 – 13 \" cm long .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fruit is a small drupe with a single seed .", "entity": [{"entity": "fruit", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "drupe", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "seed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rhus cotinoides \" ) is native to the southeastern United States , from Tennessee south to Alabama and west to Oklahoma and eastern Texas .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Alabama", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The libretto was written by Nicolas-François Guillard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicolas-François Guillard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The send off often includes throwing rice ( a symbol of prosperity and fertility ) as well as for example India and Malaysia .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wedding ceremony is often followed by wedding reception or a wedding breakfast , in which the rituals may include speeches from the groom , best man , father of the bride and possibly the bride , the newlyweds ' first dance as a couple , and the cutting of an elegant wedding cake .", "entity": [{"entity": "wedding breakfast", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "wedding cake", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [272, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not everywhere in Limburg and Brabant is a \" boerenbruiloft \" ( peasant 's wedding ) part of the carnival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Brabant", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was succeeded by Tom Kindness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Kindness", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has composed many original works , including cadenzas to all piano concerti by Haydn , Mozart and Beethoven and second piano parts to be played alongside original compositions by Muzio Clementi and Daniel Steibelt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haydn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Mozart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Beethoven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Muzio Clementi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 196]}, {"entity": "Daniel Steibelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the faculty of Emory University in 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emory University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , they purchased a home near Cairo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She married actor Victor Sutherland on October 10 , 1907 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Sutherland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J. Peter Robinson composed some new music meant to supplement Takayuki Hattori 's music .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Peter Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Takayuki Hattori", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 57 % of critics have given the film a positive review based on 69 reviews , with an average rating of 5.68 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original edition , published by Hetzel , contains a number of illustrations by Jules Férat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hetzel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Jules Férat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paintings on another rock show a peacock , a snake , a deer and the sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "snake", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with Morten Frost ( Denmark ) , Han Jian and Luan Jin ( China ) , and Prakash Padukone ( India ) , he was one of the world 's leading singles players of that era .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morten Frost", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Han Jian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Luan Jin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "Prakash Padukone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reached the men 's singles final by defeating senior players , before finally losing to a veteran national squad member , Iie Sumirat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iie Sumirat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the second head coach of the Green Bay Packers , from 1950 to 1953 , and resigned with two games remaining in the 1953 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Green Bay Packers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following two older brothers , he headed south to Milwaukee and enrolled at Marquette University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Marquette University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film focuses on a young surfer from Hawaii who must adapt to new challenges when his father 's job forces the family to move to Vermont .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hawaii", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Vermont", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In honor of the World Baseball Classic , the 2005 contest featured eight players from different countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Baseball Classic", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [16, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larry King hosted the broadcast with Craig Sager and Pete Van Wieren handling interviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Craig Sager", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Pete Van Wieren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The derby was first nationally televised by ESPN in 1993 on a same-day delayed basis , with the first live telecast in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued to hold a place in a weakened national side and took up the captaincy from Terry Duffin in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Duffin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , the economy rates for Muttiah Muralitharan and Harbhajan Singh at the same time were 3.85 and 4.11 respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muttiah Muralitharan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 58]}, {"entity": "Harbhajan Singh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team did not retire any more numbers for another five years , when Billy Williams received the honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the entire 2015 season , the Cubs had the number 14 located behind home plate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was created in 1866 by James Vernor , a Detroit pharmacist .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Vernor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vernors is a sweet “ golden ” ginger ale that derives its color from caramel and has a robust flavor ( similar to that of ginger beer ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "caramel", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "ginger beer", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" southern flying squirrel \" or the \" assapan \" ( \" Glaucomys volans \" ) is one of three species of the genus \" Glaucomys \" and one of three flying squirrel species found in North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glaucomys", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "flying squirrel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found in deciduous and mixed woods in the eastern half of North America , from southeastern Canada , to Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disjunct distribution for populations of this species have been recorded in the highlands of Mexico , Guatemala , and Honduras .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Guatemala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Honduras", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern flying squirrels are nocturnal , feed on fruit and nuts from trees such as red and white oak , hickory and beech .", "entity": [{"entity": "hickory", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "beech", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to southern flying squirrels has been linked to cases of epidemic typhus in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "epidemic typhus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The squirrel acts as host to the \" Rickettsia prowazekii \" bacteria and transmission to humans is hypothesised to occur via aerosolized feces of the fleas and lice associated with \" G. volans \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rickettsia prowazekii", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1960 s , he performed as a stand-up comedian in Greenwich Village alongside Lenny Bruce , Elaine May , Mike Nichols , and Joan Rivers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greenwich Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "Lenny Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "Elaine May", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "Mike Nichols", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guests at the event included Diane Keaton , Kurt Vonnegut , and Andy Warhol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diane Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Kurt Vonnegut", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Andy Warhol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movie featured Scarlett Johansson , Javier Bardem , Rebecca Hall and Penélope Cruz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scarlett Johansson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Javier Bardem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Rebecca Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "Penélope Cruz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cast included Zach Braff , Nick Cordero and Betsy Wolfe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zach Braff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Nick Cordero", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Betsy Wolfe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began playing clarinet as a child and took his stage name from clarinetist Woody Herman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woody Herman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1956 – 1959 ) , Louise Lasser , ( m .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louise Lasser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1966 – 1970 ) , and Soon-Yi Previn ( m .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soon-Yi Previn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also had a 12-year relationship with actress Mia Farrow and relationships with Stacey Nelkin and Diane Keaton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mia Farrow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Stacey Nelkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Diane Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 1993 the New York Child Welfare Agency of the State Department of Social Services closed a 14-month investigation and concluded there was not credible evidence of abuse or maltreatment , and the allegation was unfounded .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Child Welfare Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 49]}, {"entity": "State Department of Social Services", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon , he took over the wicketkeeping responsibilities as well following the temporary departure of Tatenda Taibu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tatenda Taibu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lost the election , taking 40.6 % of the vote to incumbent mayor Bob Parker 's 53.7 % of the vote , with the rest of the vote split amongst numerous minor candidates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 30 he felt unwell and was taken to St. Joseph Hospital where , on December 15 , ten days after his 65th birthday , he died of circulatory collapse caused by the cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Joseph Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "circulatory collapse", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was sworn in on July 3 , 2010 , after acting as interim leader following the 2010 April revolution which led to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurmanbek Bakiyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and as head of the parliamentary caucus for the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , she served for a few months as Acting Foreign Minister in the interim government of then prime minister ( and acting president ) Kurmanbek Bakiyev .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kurmanbek Bakiyev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unable to rally support , he resigned as president on April 10 , 2010 , and left the country for Kazakhstan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kazakhstan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine days later he went to Minsk , Belarus , where he was given protected-exile status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Belarus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" emerald toucanet \" or \" northern emerald toucanet \" ( \" Aulacorhynchus prasinus \" ) is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae occurring in mountainous regions of Mexico and Central America .", "entity": [{"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [200, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 – 4 white eggs are laid in an unlined hole in a tree , usually an old woodpecker nest , but sometimes a natural cavity .", "entity": [{"entity": "eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "woodpecker", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of interest , this theoretical concept is the basis of an operational definition for the length of a metre is \" \" the distance traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1 / 299,792,458 of a second \" \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [204, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After three seasons he was bought by giants R.S.C. Anderlecht , who won the league twice during his stay .", "entity": [{"entity": "R.S.C. Anderlecht", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A leading member of the New Society Movement , he ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Society Movement", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 320 delegates were elected to the convention , the most prominent being former senators Raul Manglapus and Roseller T. Lim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raul Manglapus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Roseller T. Lim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He selected Arturo Tolentino as his running mate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arturo Tolentino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historian Alfred McCoy gives a figure of 3,257 recorded extrajudicial killings by the military from 1975 to 1985 , 35,000 tortured and 70,000 incarcerated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred McCoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They starred as two of four members of a female girl group named after the film , with Raven-Symoné and Sabrina Bryan portraying the final two members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raven-Symoné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "Sabrina Bryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sabrina Bryan served as a bridesmaid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sabrina Bryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played with influential artists such as Chano Pozo , Machito , Dizzy Gillespie and Mario Bauzá .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chano Pozo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "Machito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "Dizzy Gillespie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Mario Bauzá", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 1940 s Pérez Prado codified the contrapuntal structure of the mambo within a horn-based big band format .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pérez Prado", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He earned a Bachelor of Arts in business and economics from the University of Pennsylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The course is referred to as a \" Diploma of Teaching \" in New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1820 , he received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of his own appointees in the office were Orestes Brownson and author Nathaniel Hawthorne .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orestes Brownson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 24 January 2018 , two monkey clones were reported to have been created with the technique for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "monkey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this period of absence , his songwriting contribution features on all of the group 's studio albums , save for 1991 's \" Sugar Tax \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar Tax", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 16 October 1944 it became the headquarters for Lieutenant-General Ronald Scobie for operations in the Greek Civil War : at this point it received operational formations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Scobie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "Greek Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most species , there is a swimming veliger larva with a coiled shell , but the shell is shed at metamorphosis when the larva transforms into the adult form .", "entity": [{"entity": "veliger", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of eggs varies ; it can be as few as just 1 or 2 eggs ( \" Vayssierea felis \" ) or as many as an estimated 25 million ( \" Aplysia fasciata \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vayssierea felis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , nudibranchs have been treated as the order Nudibranchia , located in the gastropod mollusc subclass Opisthobranchia ( the marine slugs : which consisted of nudibranchs , sidegill slugs , bubble snails , algae sap-sucking sea slugs , and sea hares ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bubble snails", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [203, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve-year-old singer Shaheen Jafargholi performed the song at Michael Jackson 's public memorial service in July 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaheen Jafargholi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1994 to 2010 she was a deputy and in March 2010 she became a Senator for the Atacama Region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atacama Region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He proceeded to join YIVO in 1925 as a result of his firm belief in \" for the people by the people , and worked in the historical section of the organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "YIVO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also features Anupam Kher and Archana Puran Singh in supporting roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anupam Kher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Archana Puran Singh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aishwarya Rai was slated to only make a guest appearance , but her presence generated so much interest that her role was promoted to that of a regular character .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aishwarya Rai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taran Adarsh of \" Bollywood Hungama \" gave it 3 out of 5 stars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taran Adarsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Bollywood Hungama", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The is a river that originates in Ōita Prefecture , Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ōita Prefecture", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then signed a four-year , $ 10 million contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at Malvern College , where he was head of his house and head of the athletics team , and there acquired the nickname , \" Jackers \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malvern College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is controversy regarding naloxone 's efficacy in treating the symptoms of clonidine overdose , namely slow heart rate , low blood pressure , and confusion / somnolence .", "entity": [{"entity": "slow heart rate", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [118, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naloxone is also experimentally used in the treatment for congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis , an extremely rare disorder that renders one unable to feel pain or differentiate temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [58, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infants exposed to high concentrations of opiates during pregnancy may have CNS damage in the setting of perinatal asphyxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "perinatal asphyxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [105, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends only intravenous administration as the other two forms can cause unpredictable absorption .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Academy of Pediatrics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For children with low blood pressure due to septic shock , naloxone safety and effectiveness is not established .", "entity": [{"entity": "septic shock", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In people with opioids in their system , it may cause increased sweating , nausea , restlessness , trembling , vomiting , flushing , and headache , and has in rare cases been associated with heart rhythm changes , seizures , and pulmonary edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary edema", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [229, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the side effects listed above , naloxone also has other adverse events , such as other cardiovascular effects ( hypertension , hypotension , tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , ventricular tachycardia ) and central nervous system effects , such as agitation , body pain , brain disease , and coma .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [190, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naloxone should be used with caution in people with cardiovascular disease as well as those that are currently taking medications that could have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system such as causing low blood pressure , fluid accumulation in the lungs ( pulmonary edema ) , and abnormal heart rhythms .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluid accumulation in the lungs", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [228, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have been reports of abrupt reversals with opioid antagonists leading to pulmonary edema and ventricular fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All Edmonton Police Service and Calgary Police Service patrol cars carry an emergency single-use naloxone syringe kit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton Police Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "Calgary Police Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some Royal Canadian Mounted Police patrol vehicles also carry the drug , occasionally in excess to help distribute naloxone among users and concerned family / friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilot projects were also started in Scotland in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hit his first home run on August 22 , 1992 , off of Mike Schooler of the Seattle Mariners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Schooler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the New York Mets as a free agent after the 2001 season and played in 114 games for them in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Mets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were coached by David Macpherson between 2005 and 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Macpherson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They reached the quarter-finals and lost to Grant Stafford and Kevin Ullyett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Stafford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Kevin Ullyett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They became the first brothers combination to win four titles in a season ( Tim and Tom Gullikson won three in 1978 and 1982 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "Tom Gullikson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their next target is the all-time record of 79 set by Pam Shriver and Martina Navratilova .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pam Shriver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Martina Navratilova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their late season struggles continued at the US Open , losing in the first round .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Open", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the brothers played Leander Paes and Radek Štěpánek in the final and were upset in straight sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leander Paes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Radek Štěpánek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brothers rode their momentum and won the tournament after prevailing in super-tiebreakers in the quarter-final , the semi-final , and in the final against first-time pairing Treat Huey and Jerzy Janowicz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treat Huey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "Jerzy Janowicz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [193, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , their 25 match winning streak came to an end in the quarter-finals , losing to Robert Lindstedt and Daniel Nestor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Lindstedt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "Daniel Nestor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they were defeated in the second round by Jamie Murray and John Peers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "John Peers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like last year , the twins were defeated in their opening match at the Japan Open - this time , by lucky losers and eventual champions Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Michał Przysiężny .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "Pierre-Hugues Herbert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 156]}, {"entity": "Michał Przysiężny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it proved to be in vain , they kept the tie alive by winning the doubles rubber in five sets against Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "Dominic Inglot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , their streak at the tournament was snapped in the quarter-finals by eventual champions Vasek Pospisil and Jack Sock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasek Pospisil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "Jack Sock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they were beaten in the quarter-finals by Florin Mergea and Horia Tecău .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florin Mergea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Horia Tecău", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their father , Wayne , is a lawyer , musician , and tennis instructor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wayne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first match in charge was at home to Arsenal in the league .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He admitted in an interview with \" Match of the Day \" that , in his first attempt at picking a starting XI , he did not realise until it was pointed out to him by his wife that he had omitted goalkeeper Mark Crossley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Match of the Day", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Mark Crossley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [203, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the summer of 2001 , he was Kevin Keegan 's first signing for Manchester City for what would be the final season in his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Keegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer 's dementia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's dementia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [145, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N. tazetta \" occurs as far east as Iran and Kashmir .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relatively resistant forms include \" N. triandrus \" , \" N. tazetta \" and \" N. jonquilla \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "N. triandrus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "N. jonquilla", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another fungus which attacks the bulbs , causing narcissus smoulder , is \" Botrytis narcissicola \" ( \" Sclerotinia narcissicola \" ) and other species of \" Botrytis \" , including \" Botrytis cinerea \" , particularly if improperly stored .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botrytis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar account is provided by Lucian describing the flowers in the underworld .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As described by the poet Ghalib ( 1797 – 1869 ) , \" God has given the eye of the narcissus the power of seeing \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ghalib", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 20 November , a new government under Hideki Tojo presented an interim proposal as its final offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hideki Tojo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Submarines , which had proved to be an effective weapon during the First World War , were anticipated by all sides to be important in the second .", "entity": [{"entity": "First World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the head coach for Khimki .", "entity": [{"entity": "Khimki", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was previously the head coach for the Atlanta Hawks and New York Knicks , as well as an assistant for the Los Angeles Clippers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Hawks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "New York Knicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Clippers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , he is a professor of economics at Columbia University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "Chinese University of Hong Kong", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2004 he appeared again , this time to read excerpts from Paris Hilton 's memoir at random moments throughout the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris Hilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2005 he told a series of Rodney Dangerfield 's jokes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney Dangerfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following his retirement as a player in 2002 , he began coaching in the league and has twice been a head coach , first with his hometown Milwaukee Bucks , and then with the Phoenix Suns up until February 16 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milwaukee Bucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "Phoenix Suns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played under head coach Dick Bennett , and with Brad Soderberg ( who later became the head coach at Saint Louis University ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Brad Soderberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Saint Louis University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed with the Miami Heat on January 22 , 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami Heat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 16 , 2009 , the Suns fired him after 51 games , and replaced him with assistant Alvin Gentry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alvin Gentry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 6 , 2011 , he was hired as an assistant coach by the Minnesota Timberwolves under Rick Adelman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Timberwolves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "Rick Adelman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A. astacus \" become sexually mature after three to four years and a series of moults , and breed in October and November .", "entity": [{"entity": "sexually mature", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roads have recently been reconstructed using European Union funding .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wayne Brady is the host of the current series , with Jonathan Mangum as his announcer / assistant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wayne Brady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Mangum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show moved to ABC in 1968 , where it remained until 1976 ; and on two separate occasions the show was given a weekly nighttime spot on those networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Running for two seasons until 1986 , this series was distributed by Telepictures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telepictures", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This version had reporter Billy Bush as host , and had a significantly larger budget .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was one of several used as part of the summer series \" Gameshow Marathon \" on CBS in 2006 , hosted by Ricki Lake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gameshow Marathon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "Ricki Lake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1984 syndicated series had Brian Cummings in the announcer / assistant role for its first season , with disc jockey Dean Goss taking the position for the following season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Cummings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Dean Goss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theme music for the 1963 - 77 versions was composed by Sheldon Allman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheldon Allman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This round is played like this : the three envelopes , ruby , emerald , and sapphire , are now attached to a map of the Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His younger brother Rodney is currently also a professional football player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the second matchday , he scored two goals against Villarreal CF , one coming from a direct free-kick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Villarreal CF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He managed , however , to recover in time and was included in the starting XI for the Champions League clash against Juventus in Turin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "Turin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September , he injured his left thigh during the 3 – 1 away loss to newcomers Novara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by the youngster Philippe Coutinho who scored in the match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippe Coutinho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scored a brace against Udinese at Stadio Friuli to lead his team to a 3 – 1 win , also marking his first goals since October 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Udinese", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Stadio Friuli", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was on the score-sheet again twenty-four days later in the season opener against Pescara ( 3 – 0 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pescara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his five-month stay at the club , he made 8 appearances and gave one assist to a Mario Balotelli 's goal in a UEFA Europa League match against Lazio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Balotelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "UEFA Europa League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "Lazio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This brought the score to 2 – 0 after Ruud van Nistelrooy 's opener five minutes prior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruud van Nistelrooy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first two matches of the group stage at the FIFA World Cup , he was selected as the man of the match in both .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIFA World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less than a year later , however , he was replaced with Robin van Persie by coach Louis van Gaal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robin van Persie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Louis van Gaal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others suggest the original sandstone simply came from Aquia Creek in Stafford County , Virginia , as importing the stone would be too costly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aquia Creek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Stafford County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Louis Comfort Tiffany was asked to send selected designers to assist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Comfort Tiffany", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All that was saved were bust portraits of John Adams and Martin Van Buren .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Adams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Martin Van Buren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work , done by the firm of Philadelphia contractor John McShain , required the complete dismantling of the interior spaces , construction of a new load-bearing internal steel frame and the reconstruction of the original rooms within the new structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "John McShain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The track was also voted the best song of 2000 in a poll conducted by VH1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first appearance with Derby County during the 2002 – 03 season , and joined Burton Albion on loan in January 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derby County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Burton Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He kept his place for the following match against Sheffield Wednesday where he scored an own goal in a 2 – 1 defeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film remains primarily remembered for a 10-minute depiction of hell realised by director Harry Lachman , himself an established post-impressionist painter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry Lachman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the uncle of the artists George Whiting Flagg and Jared Bradley Flagg , both of whom studied painting under him .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Whiting Flagg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 52]}, {"entity": "Jared Bradley Flagg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corn , soybeans , and wheat are three common crops often grown using monocropping techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example of this would be the potato famine of Ireland in 1845 – 1849 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the angels , played by Bruno Ganz , falls in love with a beautiful , lonely trapeze artist , played by Solveig Dommartin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Ganz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Solveig Dommartin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was shot by Henri Alekan in both colour and a sepia-toned black-and-white , the latter being used to represent the world as seen by the angels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri Alekan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cast includes Otto Sander , Curt Bois and Peter Falk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otto Sander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Curt Bois", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Peter Falk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "French producer Anatole Dauman did not see a large budget as necessary , and the project was funded with 5 million DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatole Dauman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laurent Petitgand contributed the circus music , an ensemble work performed with accordions , saxophones and keyboards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurent Petitgand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissenting , Pauline Kael remarked , \" It 's enough to make moviegoers feel impotent \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauline Kael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator \" Rotten Tomatoes \" records that 98 % of its cited critics gave the film a positive review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The setting was moved to Los Angeles and Meg Ryan and Nicolas Cage starred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Meg Ryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "Nicolas Cage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On May 2 , 2018 Isabela Moner was announced to portray the titular character .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isabela Moner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the positivist approach has been a recurrent theme in the history of western thought , the modern approach was formulated by the philosopher Auguste Comte in the early 19th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Comte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positivism is part of a more general ancient quarrel between philosophy and poetry , notably laid out by Plato and later reformulated as a quarrel between the sciences and the humanities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plato", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilhelm Dilthey ( 1833 – 1911 ) popularized the distinction between Geisteswissenschaft ( humanities ) and Naturwissenschaften ( natural sciences ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Dilthey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thinkers such as Henri de Saint-Simon ( 1760 – 1825 ) , Pierre-Simon Laplace ( 1749 – 1827 ) and Auguste Comte ( 1798 – 1857 ) believed the scientific method , the circular dependence of theory and observation , must replace metaphysics in the history of thought .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri de Saint-Simon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 37]}, {"entity": "Pierre-Simon Laplace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "Auguste Comte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ) reformulated sociological positivism as a foundation of social research .", "entity": [{"entity": "Émile Durkheim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthony Giddens argues that since humanity constantly uses science to discover and research new things , humanity never progresses beyond the second metaphysical phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Giddens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Max Weber argued that sociology may be loosely described as a ' science ' as it is able to identify causal relationships - especially among ideal types , or hypothetical simplifications of complex social phenomena .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Weber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was Otto Neurath 's advocacy that made the movement self-conscious and more widely known .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otto Neurath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These included : the opposition to all metaphysics , especially ontology and synthetic \" a priori \" propositions ; the rejection of metaphysics not as wrong but as meaningless ( i.e. , not empirically verifiable ) ; a criterion of meaning based on Ludwig Wittgenstein 's early work ( which he himself later set out to refute ) ; the idea that all knowledge should be codifiable in a single standard language of science ; and above all the project of \" rational reconstruction , \" in which ordinary-language concepts were gradually to be replaced by more precise equivalents in that standard language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ludwig Wittgenstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rank insignia for the Royal Canadian Navy is a narrow gold braid ( 6 \" mm ; note difference with standard braid size ) and a narrow braid ( 6 \" mm ) for the Royal Canadian Air Force which is worn on the cuff of the distinctive environmental uniform jacket , and on the epaulettes of all other uniforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Canadian Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "Royal Canadian Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rank of officer cadet is held by those undergoing initial officer training at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Air Force College Cranwell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a nephew of Matthew Griswold and an uncle of Thomas Hillhouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew Griswold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "Thomas Hillhouse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took the head coaching position at the University of Texas in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Texas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he authored a blog with fellow activist and renowned photographer Jeff Sheng in partnership with Amnesty International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Sheng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Amnesty International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect was first described by Jun Kondo , who applied third-order perturbation theory to the problem to account for s-d electron scattering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jun Kondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast includes Janeane Garofalo , Wallace Langham , Penny Johnson , Linda Doucett , Scott Thompson and Jeremy Piven .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janeane Garofalo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "Wallace Langham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "Penny Johnson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "Linda Doucett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "Scott Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Jeremy Piven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also began appearing as a guest host and , in 1986 , replaced Joan Rivers as \" permanent guest host \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Rivers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was considered to be a possible , although unlikely , successor to Johnny Carson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other guests in the finale included Warren Beatty , Jim Carrey and Sean Penn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warren Beatty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Jim Carrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Sean Penn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ken Kwapis directed most of the first season , including the pilot , and contributed to the visual style of the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Kwapis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twice he won the state high jump title , finishing second in his junior year to a prep named Bob McAdoo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob McAdoo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 1977 – 78 campaign he was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers with Ralph Simpson for forward George McGinnis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "Ralph Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "George McGinnis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other writers and artists that contributed to the series include Neil Gaiman , Dave Gibbons , Paul Chadwick , Ted McKeever , Poppy Z. Brite , and Steve Skroce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Gaiman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Dave Gibbons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "Paul Chadwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Ted McKeever", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "Poppy Z. Brite", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "Steve Skroce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His choices to remain in the European Union and NATO , both of which he vehemently opposed for many years , proved his pragmatic approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His goalscoring form continued with three goals in two matches against Grimsby Town on 25 November and Derby County on 29 November 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grimsby Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Derby County", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scored twice for the side , in a 4 – 1 win against Tranmere Rovers on 30 March 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tranmere Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scored his fourth goal of the season , in a 3 – 0 win against West Bromwich Albion .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed up by scoring a brace , as well as , setting up the club 's first goal of the game , in a 3 – 1 win against West Ham United .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Ham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was given the number 15 jersey , last worn by Peter Crouch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Crouch", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his full debut in the very next league fixture against Newcastle United , scoring twice in a 5 – 0 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut two days later , coming on as a substitute in a 0 – 0 draw with Arsenal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That summer he was also selected for the UEFA Euro 2004 squad .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Euro 2004", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to this , he had not played for his national side since November 2006 ( although he was called up by Raymond Domenech in February 2010 , he withdrew from the squad due to injury ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raymond Domenech", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his racing career driving on short tracks around the Pacific Northwest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Northwest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He first gained attention as a driver when he raced in the nationally televised Winter Heat Series in the winter of 1995 – 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winter Heat Series", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [80, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished second in the final standings , just eight points behind champion Jack Sprague .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Sprague", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later in the season , he finished with a DNF for the first time in 89 races after a wreck in the Coke Zero 400 , finishing 29th .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coke Zero 400", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the previous six years , he failed to earn a winner 's medal against Manchester United in 1948 and Newcastle United in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all , the stadium hosted five European Cup finals .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two meetings were held at Wembley in 1974 promoted by Trevor Redmond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wembley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Trevor Redmond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the first sport Sir Arthur Elvin introduced to the stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Elvin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium staged its last greyhound race meeting in December 1998 with the owners , the Greyhound Racing Association , citing economic reasons and the lack of plans for a greyhound track in the stadium 's redevelopment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greyhound Racing Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys played the last game on 8 August 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Lions", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Dallas Cowboys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 May 1975 , in front of 90,000 people , Evel Knievel crashed while trying to land a jump over 13 single decker city buses , an accident which resulted in his initial retirement from his daredevil \" life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evel Knievel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It continued to be the only type of radio transmission during the first few decades of radio , called the \" wireless telegraphy era \" up until World War I , when the development of amplitude modulation ( AM ) radiotelephony allowed sound ( audio ) to be transmitted by radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1837 , however , Carl August von Steinheil of Munich , Germany , found that by connecting one leg of the apparatus at each station to metal plates buried in the ground , he could eliminate one wire and use a single wire for telegraphic communication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl August von Steinheil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 45]}, {"entity": "Munich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US inventors William Henry Ward ( 1871 ) and Mahlon Loomis ( 1872 ) developed electrical conduction systems based on the erroneous belief that there was an electrified atmospheric stratum accessible at low altitude .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Henry Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "Mahlon Loomis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more practical demonstration of wireless transmission via conduction came in Amos Dolbear 's 1879 magneto electric telephone that used ground conduction to transmit over a distance of a quarter of a mile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amos Dolbear", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tests in Newcastle succeeded in sending a quarter of a mile using parallel rectangles of wire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These facts made the system impractical on ships , boats , and ordinary islands , which are much smaller than Great Britain or Greenland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Greenland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is still used in other places , including South Australia and the Northern Territory .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "Northern Territory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term \" hundred \" is first recorded in the laws of Edmund I ( 939 – 46 ) as a measure of land and the area served by a hundred court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmund I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In others , such as Lincolnshire , the term remained in use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincolnshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hundred was also used as a division of the county in Maryland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maryland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , his opportunity to play decreased and he moved to Cerezo Osaka in August 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cerezo Osaka", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1995 they have been owned by Simplot Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simplot Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The roll is typically deep-fried in vegetable oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetable oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has teamed up with Stand Up to Cancer as a celebrity ambassador .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stand Up to Cancer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song , part of a compilation released through the charity Music for Relief , aimed to encourage donations for immediate relief and long-term recovery following the disaster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Music for Relief", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 10 , 2008 , Topps announced the closure of Wizkids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topps", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Wizkids", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied medicine at the naval medical school in Toulon , subsequently earning his qualifications as a naval surgeon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toulon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was claimed by the Montreal Alouettes on June 9 after being released a day earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Alouettes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his career as a pivotal figure , extending the fusion of traditional folk music and experimental classical music practices begun by composer Mikhail Glinka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Glinka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exception to this was his oriental fantasy \" Islamey \" for solo piano , which he composed quickly and remains popular among virtuosos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamey", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The author was Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wide concrete-lined tunnel , constructed between 1983 and 1988 , was formerly used to house the Large Electron–Positron Collider .", "entity": [{"entity": "Large Electron–Positron Collider", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [100, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to producer Martin Richards , Robert Mulligan was originally offered to direct the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Richards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "Robert Mulligan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was released in theaters on Christmas Eve , 1943 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas Eve", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It defines genocide in legal terms , and is the culmination of years of campaigning by lawyer Raphael Lemkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raphael Lemkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", 152 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty , most recently Mauritius on 8 July 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mauritius", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lead prosecutor in this case was Pierre-Richard Prosper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre-Richard Prosper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two days later , Jean Kambanda became the first head of government to be convicted of genocide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean Kambanda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competitive eating is most popular in the United States , Canada and Japan , where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes , including cash .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also a vegan hot dog eating competition held in Austin , Texas .", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other medical professionals contend that binge eating can cause stomach perforations in those with ulcers and gulping large quantities of water during training can lead to water intoxication , a condition which dilutes electrolytes in the blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "binge eating", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long term effects of delayed stomach emptying include chronic indigestion , nausea and vomiting .", "entity": [{"entity": "indigestion", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following year , the team drafted Terry Cummings , and the club felt it had to choose between the two young prospects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Cummings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would back up star Karl Malone , and re-team with Jeff Hornacek from the Suns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Malone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Jeff Hornacek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , before playing a single game of a second run there , he was traded to the Charlotte Hornets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Hornets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the first Secretary-General of the Socialist Party , from its foundation in 1973 to 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socialist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a university lecturer in 1957 , but his activities in opposition to the dictatorship of António de Oliveira Salazar led to repeated arrests .", "entity": [{"entity": "António de Oliveira Salazar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among other encounters , he met with Samora Machel , the leader of Frelimo , to negotiate the independence of Mozambique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samora Machel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "Frelimo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Mozambique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After lying in state at Jerónimos Monastery during 9 January , his remains were transported to Prazeres Cemetery the next day , and now lie at the family vault next to those of his wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerónimos Monastery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Prazeres Cemetery", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus he settled in Baghdad , where he devoted himself to cuneiform studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Francis Fukuyama takes up the theme through the exploration of \" society 's stock of shared values as \" social capital \" \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis Fukuyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" sentimental fallacy \" - as in \" the sentimental poetic trope of the ' pathetic fallacy ' , beloved of Theocritus , Virgil and their successors \" in the pastoral tradition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theocritus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Virgil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town is the municipal seat of Middelfart Municipality on the island of Funen ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middelfart Municipality", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 57]}, {"entity": "Funen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not known when the town was established but it certainly owes its existence to its location at the narrowest point across the Little Belt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Belt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed to replace Paul Allen , who had been sold to Tottenham Hotspur for £ 400,000 earlier in the summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Tottenham Hotspur", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trading with the United Kingdom was forbidden .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other season one episodes deal with issues including drug use , sex , eating disorder , parental relationships and peer pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "drug use", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "eating disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TVmovie was film director by Asaad Kelada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asaad Kelada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Facts of Life Down Under \" , another two-hour TV movie , aired Sunday February 15 , 1987 placing a strong No. 13 for the week garnering 21.4 / 32 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Facts of Life Down Under", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For its seventh season , it moved to Saturdays at 8:30 \" p.m. , to bolster the premiering series \" The Golden Girls \" at 9 \" p.m. in the newly formed Saturday night comedy block .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Golden Girls", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mill Creek Entertainment re-released the first and second seasons on DVD on May 20 , 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mill Creek Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Facts of Life Reunion \" film is not included in this collection and is yet to be released on DVD .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Facts of Life Reunion", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1970 , thirteen new episodes were made in colour with Vera McKechnie as narrator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vera McKechnie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is claimed that the design for the character was based on Paul Atterbury , the then young son of puppeteer Audrey Atterbury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Atterbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Audrey Atterbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new series was narrated by actor Tom Conti .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Conti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was written by James Hetfield , Lars Ulrich , and Kirk Hammett .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Hetfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Lars Ulrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Kirk Hammett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 1925 , he controversially albeit reluctantly restored the gold standard in his first budget at its 1914 parity against the advice of some leading economists including John Maynard Keynes .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Maynard Keynes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was particularly opposed to Mohandas Gandhi , whom he considered \" a seditious Middle Temple lawyer , now posing as a fakir \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mohandas Gandhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "Middle Temple", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 13 December , he was crossing Fifth Avenue in New York City when he was knocked down by a car , suffering a head wound from which he developed neuritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth Avenue", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after visiting Blenheim , he was afflicted with paratyphoid fever and spent two weeks at a sanatorium in Salzburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blenheim", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "paratyphoid fever", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Salzburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1936 , Edward VIII succeeded his father , George V , as monarch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward VIII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "George V", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The raids were soon extended to provincial cities such as the notorious attack on Coventry on 14 November .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coventry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 27 December , the party went on to Marrakesh for convalescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marrakesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been speculation that he became very depressed in his final years but this has been emphatically denied by his personal secretary Anthony Montague Browne , who was with him for his last ten years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Montague Browne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His self-belief manifested itself in terms of his \" affinity with war \" of which , according to Sebastian Haffner , he exhibited \" a profound and innate understanding \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sebastian Haffner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the cuisines are fante fante , etew and pepper sauce or okro stew , fante kenkey , which can be eaten with soups , stews or shito .", "entity": [{"entity": "shito", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [132, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Above this mass limit , a neutron star ( partially supported by neutron degeneracy pressure ) or a black hole may be formed instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutron star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kazuma Kaneko designed the game 's characters , but was also involved in the planning phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kazuma Kaneko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A typical seafood component would be lobster ) , prawns , shrimp , with ( frozen ) lobster and steak as ersatz status foodstuffs for the middle class .", "entity": [{"entity": "shrimp", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name has been reappropriated by more recent chefs , such as Thomas Keller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variation is the surf and turf burger , which is prepared with ground beef and various types of seafood , such as lobster , shrimp or crab .", "entity": [{"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It marked the film debuts of Andrew McCarthy , John Cusack and Virginia Madsen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew McCarthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "John Cusack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Virginia Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four reviewers of \" Electronic Gaming Monthly \" likewise praised the new defensive moves and \" fluid \" graphics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Gaming Monthly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All except Louis Durey agreed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Durey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Tim Robbins , Greta Scacchi , Fred Ward , Whoopi Goldberg , Peter Gallagher , Brion James and Cynthia Stevenson , and is the story of a Hollywood film studio executive who kills an aspiring screenwriter he believes is sending him death threats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Robbins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "Greta Scacchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Fred Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Whoopi Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Peter Gallagher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "Brion James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Cynthia Stevenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mill takes June to an isolated Desert Hot Springs resort and spa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Desert Hot Springs", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutthroat and rainbow trout differ in that cutthroats have basibranchial ( hyoid ) teeth in their throat between the gill arches and behind the tongue .", "entity": [{"entity": "rainbow trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seeking treatment from the prominent doctor William Broadbent , he was prescribed a holiday in the coastal town of Folkestone .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Broadbent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "Folkestone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first poems were published when he was 24 years old , and he was polishing his final novel , \" The Sundering Flood \" , at the time of his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Sundering Flood", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James Joyce also drew inspiration from his work .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Joyce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film presents the comic adventures of two novice intelligence agents sent to the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately after , the underground bunker is stormed by U.S. Army Rangers , and the intelligence and military officials involved in the covert operation are arrested .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Army Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It covered a variety of socially-conservative topics and drew on an article that had been written by Arthur Wynn and his wife and published by the Child Poverty Action Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Wynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Child Poverty Action Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" pale-breasted spinetail \" ( \" Synallaxis albescens \" ) , is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World from Costa Rica to Uruguay , and in Trinidad .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "New World", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Costa Rica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "Trinidad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the pale-breasted spinetail constructs a spherical stick nest with a 30 \" cm long tubular entrance low in a bush , into which its two greenish white eggs are laid .", "entity": [{"entity": "eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pale-breasted spinetail is an insectivore which is difficult to see as it forages deep in thickets , but may be located by its buzzy repetitive \" wait'here \" song .", "entity": [{"entity": "insectivore", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began his career playing for a local side in Kiveton Park before joining Worksop Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kiveton Park", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Worksop Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Hull City A.F.C. at the end of the 1910 – 11 season where he spent one season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hull City A.F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died of tuberculosis at the age of 37 , in 1916 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon its release , the film was accompanied by a marketing campaign at more than $ 70 million with commercial tie-ins with McDonald 's and General Mills .", "entity": [{"entity": "McDonald 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "General Mills", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on 12 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes , the film received a 33 % approval rating from critics , with an average score of 4.84 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like many of the king 's children , he was sent abroad to study , going to Eton College in 1906 , then to the Woolwich Military Academy from which he graduated in 1913 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eton College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Woolwich Military Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The royal couple then took refuge at Songkhla , in the far south .", "entity": [{"entity": "Songkhla", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The outer atmosphere of this star has an effective temperature of 17,231 \" K ; much hotter than the surface of the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of some successful testimonial parties are the Party for the Animals , the Reformed Political Party , or the former Pacifist Socialist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Party for the Animals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "Reformed Political Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 108]}, {"entity": "Pacifist Socialist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He grew up in Ferrara and has a brother who was a football player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferrara", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has all the rigmarole of youth teams , from young students : the coach of the time , Luigi Pasetti , employed him as a central striker and the player scored 37 goals in the league before switching back to defense .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luigi Pasetti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a one match ban and made his return against Palermo in a 1 – 0 win on 1 February 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palermo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 s , he mainly played as centre back with Yuji Nakazawa or Yuzo Kurihara , also played defensive midfielder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuji Nakazawa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Yuzo Kurihara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His last match against Honda on 23 July was his just 400th game in the league .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honda", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 2 August , he collapsed during training due to a cardiac arrest after finishing a 15-minute warmup run , and doctors diagnosed his condition as \" extremely severe \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac arrest", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By October \" 22 , a hurricane warning was in place for the city of Havana , as well as the provinces of La Habana and Pinar del Río .", "entity": [{"entity": "Havana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "La Habana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "Pinar del Río", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tropical storm warning was also issued for Isla de la Juventud , and a hurricane watch was issued for Matanzas Province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isla de la Juventud", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "Matanzas Province", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All Collier County public schools closed on October \" 21 and remained closed on October \" 24 , as the hurricane made landfall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Collier County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schools in Palm Beach and Broward counties were closed for two weeks because of extended power outages and some damage to school buildings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palm Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "Broward", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hurricane destroyed 2 \" dwellings , 8 \" workplaces , and 615 \" mobile homes , about one-third in Immokalee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Immokalee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Hendry County , high winds damaged around 90 \" percent of buildings and homes in Clewiston and other eastern sections of the county .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendry County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Clewiston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hurricane-force wind gusts in Glades County left approximately 3,000 \" people without electricity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glades County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 800 \" residences sustained damage in Okeechobee County , with 114 \" receiving major damage and 29 \" others being destroyed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okeechobee County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Martin County , which recorded a wind gust as high as in Hobe Sound , the storm extensively damaged 120 \" dwellings and destroyed 48 \" others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Hobe Sound", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1838 Nicaragua seceded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicaragua", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four regions were the Cape Colony , Orange Free State , Natal and Transvaal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Colony", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Orange Free State", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Natal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Transvaal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was made a leader under manager Bjarne Riis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bjarne Riis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calendar includes two blood transfusions during the Tour de France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tour de France", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the book , he details his career and his relationship with Lance Armstrong , for whom he was a teammate and a confidant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lance Armstrong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later received a call from federal investigator Jeff Novitzky , who wanted to talk to him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Novitzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1940 he wrote his most famous song , \" This Land Is Your Land \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "This Land Is Your Land", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [51, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Arlo Guthrie became nationally known as a musician .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arlo Guthrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What they could see was dementia and muscular degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1940 , he wrote his most famous song , \" This Land Is Your Land \" , as a response to what he felt was an overplaying of Irving Berlin 's \" God Bless America \" on the radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "This Land Is Your Land", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 75]}, {"entity": "Irving Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 145]}, {"entity": "God Bless America", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [151, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Although the song was written in 1940 , it was four years before he recorded it for Moses Asch in April 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moses Asch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sheet music was produced and given to schools by Howie Richmond sometime later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie Richmond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he met the folksinger Pete Seeger , and the two men became good friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Seeger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same group performed the ballet live in front of CBS TV cameras .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "starring David Carradine .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Carradine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the next few years , he recorded \" Worried Man Blues \" , along with hundreds of other songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Worried Man Blues", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steve Earle also performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Earle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Ina Claire , Fredric March , Mary Brian , Henrietta Crosman , Arnold Korff , and Frank Conroy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ina Claire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "Fredric March", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Mary Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Henrietta Crosman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "Arnold Korff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Frank Conroy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He starred in an episode of \" Monsters \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monsters", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a year of marriage , they had a daughter , Condola Phylea Rashād , named after his mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Condola Phylea Rashād", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He married firstly , at Westminster in 1954 , the Hon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the soldier emperors such as Maximinus Thrax ( r .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maximinus Thrax", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He aggressively opposed gun control in a debate with Piers Morgan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piers Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been quoted in the media for claiming , in a debate with Piers Morgan , that \" 1776 will commence again if you try to take our firearms \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piers Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area is served by Pleasant Valley Airport , located 3 miles away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pleasant Valley Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plans to start commercial service to the airport , including from Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport , have been unsuccessful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert M. T. Hunter was elected on the 11th ballot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert M. T. Hunter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1929 and 1930 , he was romantically involved with Nell Martin , a writer of short stories and several novels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nell Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a strong antifascist throughout the 1930 s , and in 1937 joined the Communist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the drug use of his son Paul , a blues rock musician , who subsequently died , he became an anti-drug campaigner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended the Northern Polytechnic , leaving in 1937 to work as a draughtsman and then a furniture designer for a year before becoming an actor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Polytechnic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in 2005 of liver cancer at age 85 .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's original score was composed by Elmer Bernstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elmer Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the 15th of October , his ashes were placed in an urn at the Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first film appeared the year after the repeal of Prohibition , and the series is also notable for the extensive and casual use of alcohol by the main characters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prohibition", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These burgers may be made from ingredients like beans , especially soybeans and tofu , nuts , grains , seeds or fungi such as mushrooms or mycoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "soybeans", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "tofu", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mixer typically has oils within it ( such as safflower oil ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oils", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "safflower oil", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These quick-freezing methods freeze the patties within 30 minutes to lock in nutrients and preserve texture by the formation of a number of small ice crystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "ice crystals", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The grains , such as rice and wheat , provide carbohydrates and protein components and to provide bulk to the patty .", "entity": [{"entity": "rice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adding dry ingredients , such as oats , flours , nuts , or breadcrumbs , can absorb excess moisture and liquid , which results in the patty sticking together tightly .", "entity": [{"entity": "breadcrumbs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he continued to split responsibility for basketball matters with executive vice president of basketball operations Lawrence Frank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lawrence Frank", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once talkies began in Hollywood , he was cast in both character roles and as a leading man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also a Patron of the Tory Reform Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tory Reform Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When constituency boundaries were revised for the 1997 election , he moved with his key rural voters into the new Charnwood constituency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charnwood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead he threw his support behind Kenneth Clarke 's bid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under William Hague he became shadow Secretary of State for Education and Employment , but left the shadow cabinet in 1998 , and was a backbencher for the remainder of his parliamentary career .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hague", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Cameron refused to get involved , saying it was a matter for IPSA .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Cameron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 September , he scored twice in a 6 – 1 win against Coventry City in the League Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coventry City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "League Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his first start of the season against Hull City in the third round of the FA Cup on 4 January 2015 , exactly a year after sustaining his injury at the same stage of the competition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hull City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 13th Duke moved to Monte Carlo in 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monte Carlo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It inspired several \" Monarch of the Glen \" storylines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monarch of the Glen", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" churro \" ( , ) is a fried-dough pastry - predominantly choux - based snack .", "entity": [{"entity": "pastry", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "choux", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are normally eaten for breakfast dipped in champurrado , hot chocolate , dulce de leche or café con leche .", "entity": [{"entity": "champurrado", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "hot chocolate", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "dulce de leche", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , countries like Colombia , Peru , Spain , and Venezuela have churrerías throughout their streets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Seville ( Andalusia ) , the name \" calientes \" ( meaning hot ) or \" calentitos de rueda \" is sometimes used instead of the word \" churro \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seville", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Andalusia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Uruguay , churros can also come in a savoury version , filled with melted cheese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Philippines , \" churros \" are typically straight , or bent into U-shapes or circular shapes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are popular during the Christmas season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas season", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he infiltrates a bunker under the Reichstag , culminating in a battle with Adolf Hitler in a robotic suit equipped with four chain guns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reichstag", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Adolf Hitler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The copyrights last belonged to someone in Michigan , and the team was able to purchase them around mid-April 1992 for US $ 5,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tolerant but detached enjoyment of the aesthetic characteristics that are inherent in naïve , unconscious and honest bathos is an element of the camp sensibility , as first analyzed by Susan Sontag , in a 1964 essay [ http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/Sontag-NotesOnCamp-1964.html \" Notes on camp \" ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan Sontag", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary component is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K3 \" III .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sold to Brentford in 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brentford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A year later he signed for Manchester United for £ 55,000 , for whom he made 250 appearances ( including two more as substitute ) and scored 16 goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then spent a brief period as first-team coach of Walsall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walsall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to the development of fatty tissue which caused the exposed mice to develop varying rates of hypercholesterolemia ( high cholesterol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercholesterolemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [102, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vietnam , and Afghanistan blood serum levels have been recorded to be below one part per billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood serum levels of PFOA were associated with an increased time to pregnancy - or \" infertility \" - in a 2009 study .", "entity": [{"entity": "infertility", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PFOA exposure was associated with decreased semen quality , increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels , and increased occurrence of thyroid disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or , according to other sources , for his haircut similar to that of heavyweight champion James J. Corbett .", "entity": [{"entity": "James J. Corbett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Auberry , California at the age of 88 , after about 20 years afflicted with Alzheimer 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auberry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sculpture was realized by Clement Renzi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clement Renzi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born on the island of Hokkaido and began his footballing career with JEF United Ichihara in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hokkaido", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "JEF United Ichihara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quickly established himself , scoring twelve goals in his first season ; he scored his first goal on his debut against Gamba Osaka on 12 March .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gamba Osaka", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Yokohama FC in 2003 , where he scored 12 goals in his first season with them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yokohama FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 1994 , he was signed by Kevin Keegan 's Newcastle United for a fee of £ 150,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Keegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2006 he signed for Stevenage Borough , scoring his first goal for them in a 1 – 1 draw at Exeter City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stevenage Borough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "Exeter City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manager Kevin Keegan described him as \" a little bit like a left-sided David Beckham \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Keegan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "David Beckham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended Oregon State on a partial baseball scholarship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucien Tesnière is credited most with having established the valency concept in linguistics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucien Tesnière", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1973 he became professor of composition at the Hamburg Hochschule für Musik und Theater , where he worked until retiring in 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamburg Hochschule für Musik und Theater", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved to Cluj with his family when he was six years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cluj", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These people included the composers Karlheinz Stockhausen and Gottfried Michael Koenig , both then working on groundbreaking electronic music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "Gottfried Michael Koenig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was especially fascinated by the fractal geometry of Benoit Mandelbrot and the writings of Douglas Hofstadter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benoit Mandelbrot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 73]}, {"entity": "Douglas Hofstadter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three actresses stood in for the departed band members , including Rainbeaux Smith , who was also a rock drummer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rainbeaux Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were soon replaced by Thommy Price and Kasim Sulton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thommy Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Kasim Sulton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by \" The Hit List \" , which was an album consisting of cover songs .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hit List", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former bandmates Cherie Currie and Lita Ford came and supported her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cherie Currie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Lita Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film , based on Stephen King 's novella of the same name , premiered on Lifetime on October 18 , 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Lifetime", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alexander Pechtold took his place in the cabinet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Pechtold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diclofenac is used to treat pain , inflammatory disorders , and dysmenorrhea .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may also help with actinic keratosis , and acute pain caused by minor strains , sprains , and contusions ( bruises ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "actinic keratosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diclofenac is often used to treat chronic pain associated with cancer , especially if inflammation is present .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vultures eat the carcasses of livestock that have been administered veterinary diclofenac , and are poisoned by the accumulated chemical , as vultures do not have a particular enzyme to break down diclofenac .", "entity": [{"entity": "livestock", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , the game was released as an unlockable game on the Super NES Classic Edition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Super NES Classic Edition", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [61, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of the planet , Pollux \" b , was confirmed and announced on June 16 , 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pollux \" b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 8 % based on 71 reviews , with an average score of 3.1 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located east of Nicosia and possesses the deepest harbour of the island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicosia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the second most popular seaport for passengers , after Kyrenia , with around 20,000 passengers using the port in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kyrenia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Istanbul Technical University founded a campus in the city in 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Istanbul Technical University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1970 the grandson of original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Lithgow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When that tour was cancelled he managed the subsequent replacement visit to Sri Lanka and Pakistan in 1968 / 69 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sri Lanka", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After completing his secondary education , he studied history at the University of Amsterdam , graduating in 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Amsterdam", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a distant cousin of country music singer Johnny Cash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been described by Kenneth Clarke as the most \" Eurosceptic \" Member of Parliament .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Clarke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The war had exposed the difficulty of maintaining a two-ocean navy without a connection closer than Cape Horn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Horn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a free agent at the end of the 2008 season and signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on December 17 , 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relatively small genus although new species are still being discovered and described in China and Vietnam .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various species of wildlife inhabit the area and include deer , elk , black bear , mountain goat , cougar , marten , and lynx .", "entity": [{"entity": "deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "elk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "black bear", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "mountain goat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "cougar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "marten", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "lynx", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smaller animals , such as field mice are common .", "entity": [{"entity": "field mice", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary fishery is cutthroat trout , however , other species do exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutthroat trout", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No roads approach Glacier Peak , and many miles of hiking through extremely rough terrain to reach its base .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glacier Peak", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actual kidnapped patrolman , James Kenneth Crone , played a small role in the film as a deputy sheriff .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Kenneth Crone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some have begun to move more southeast in Indiana and neighboring states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is due to loss of boreal forests from hemlock woolly adelgid , logging , and pollution .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemlock woolly adelgid", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [43, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their diet appeared varied in the winter , and was less tied to one mammal than was the long-earred owl ; at times , northern saw-whet owls hunted larger prey , such as the meadow vole ( \" M. pennsylvanicus \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "meadow vole", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in St. Louis , Missouri .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Missouri", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skaters who have received scholarships include Nathan Chen , Adam Rippon , Ashley Wagner , Mirai Nagasu , Madison and Keiffer Hubbell , Daisuke Murakami , and Christine Zukowski .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathan Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Adam Rippon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Ashley Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "Mirai Nagasu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Madison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Keiffer Hubbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "Daisuke Murakami", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "Christine Zukowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She subsequently built a very successful and prolific career , publishing over thirty novels , collections of short stories , films for television , newspaper and magazine articles and becoming a well-known face and voice on the BBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [229, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He thereafter resided in New Orleans until his death in 2012 following a long battle with cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family attended the Church of England .", "entity": [{"entity": "Church of England", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this conflict , alliances shifted regularly , and large parts of the Balkans were devastated by it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Balkans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boethius is another prominent figure of the period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boethius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , by the late 16th century , domestic architecture had evolved further than the \" one room deep \" ranges of the earlier \" H \" plan houses , such as Montacute House .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montacute House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [156, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This feature of the house was removed by the architect James Wyatt when he modernised the house in the 18th century .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Wyatt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The room is fully panelled , and parts of the panelling contain lime wood embellishments attributed to Grinling Gibbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "lime wood", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Grinling Gibbons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 19th century , this room , and some others , were re-modelled by Jeffry Wyatville , who in addition to graining and painting the panelling to imitate oak installed new doors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeffry Wyatville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closer to the house were a series of more formal gardens , including canal ponds bordered by plantations containing symmetrical walks resembling the \" rond-points \" ( circular clearings in a garden from which straight paths radiate ) introduced by the landscape gardener André Le Nôtre .", "entity": [{"entity": "André Le Nôtre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [271, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also attempts were made to curtail serious infestations of dry rot .", "entity": [{"entity": "dry rot", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the financial difficulties were too great and in January 1984 he transferred ownership of the house , garden and some of the contents to the National Trust , a charitable body experienced in the management of historic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Trust", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because 1924 was an election year , and unable to form a compromise , President Calvin Coolidge declined to use his veto power to block the act , and it was signed into law on May 24 , 1924 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calvin Coolidge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Media Blasters license-rescued the series , and released the first season to DVD on June 19 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Media Blasters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently living with type 1 diabetes , and has been an endorser for several wellness products related to the condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "type 1", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other producers include Max Martin , Kristian Lundin , Robert John \" Mutt \" Lange , James Horner and Matt Serletic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Kristian Lundin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "Robert John \" Mutt \" Lange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 81]}, {"entity": "James Horner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "Matt Serletic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DVD also includes previous hits , some of them in live versions from the \" Live in Memphis \" concert .", "entity": [{"entity": "Live in Memphis", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played under the management of Danny Bergara , Dave Jones , Gary Megson , and Andy Kilner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Danny Bergara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Dave Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Gary Megson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Andy Kilner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 21 March 2000 , during a game with Manchester City , he ruptured his anterior cruciate ligaments , keeping him out of action for several months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded a testimonial against Manchester City in August 2000 , but got into a dispute with the club over the financial arrangements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he found himself a key member of the defence when new manager Pat Fenlon took over .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Fenlon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Believing that safety would be assured on the final day of the season , he was proved correct as they managed to avoid relegation with a final day draw with champions Carlisle United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlisle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons were made to Sam Allardyce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Allardyce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As speculation of a move to Hibernian came to nothing ( despite his being installed as the bookmaker 's favourite ) , To do this he fended off competition from Aidy Boothroyd , Lawrie Sanchez , and Steve Staunton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hibernian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Aidy Boothroyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 174]}, {"entity": "Lawrie Sanchez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "Steve Staunton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first league victory was a 3 – 1 win over Kilmarnock at Fir Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kilmarnock", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Fir Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well as this he had a public-falling out with club captain Stephen Craigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Craigan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He utilised unique tactical formations , which earned him comparisons to Martin O'Neill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two weeks into his reign club captain Tommy Fraser left the club by mutual consent , as signs of what would be an unhappy relationship between club and manager quickly came to the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tommy Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 14 November , he was revealed as the club 's director of football , a position leaving him \" responsible for all football matters including 1st team selection and transfers \" ; Willie McStay remained at the club , as his assistant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willie McStay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "defender Chris Blackburn , and seven goal top-scorer Nick Chadwick in the January transfer window .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Blackburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "Nick Chadwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then re-signed former players Paul Turnbull and Matty Mainwaring on loan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Turnbull", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Matty Mainwaring", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He replaced Lee Ashcroft , who resigned as manager and became director of football after picking up a ten match ban for sexist abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Ashcroft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They went on to finish as champions , beating Chorley into second-place by a single point , to end a six-year stay in the sixth-tier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chorley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has stated that he prefers formations that use four lines of players ( as opposed to three lines in the classic 4 – 4 – 2 ) due to the added depth in defence and presence in midfield , and was inspired to use the formations by Carlo Ancelotti .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlo Ancelotti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this point , the ship flies out of the nursery window and over moonlit London .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibronectin has been implicated in carcinoma development .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibronectin has been shown to stimulate the gonadal steroids that interact with vertebrate androgen receptors , which are capable of controlling the expression of cyclin D and related genes involved in cell cycle control .", "entity": [{"entity": "vertebrate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest that fibronectin may promote lung tumor growth / survival and resistance to therapy , and it could represent a novel target for the development of new anticancer drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor growth", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through the Middle ages and Renaissance , the tournament was popular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sambo was introduced in the Soviet Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet Union", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also named the team 's manager in early June , replacing the legendary John McGraw .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McGraw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Peter Lorre and Evelyn Keyes and was directed by Robert Florey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Lorre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "Evelyn Keyes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Robert Florey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actors Don Beddoe , George E. Stone , John Tyrrell , and Cy Schindell were cast in secondary roles for the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Don Beddoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "George E. Stone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "John Tyrrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Cy Schindell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As president , he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the leading architect of the League of Nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "League of Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their first child , Margaret , was born in April 1886 , and their second child , Jessie , was born in August 1887 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Jessie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their third and final child , Eleanor , was born in October 1889 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eleanor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fourth candidate was Eugene V. Debs of the Socialist Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugene V. Debs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Socialist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the purchase , the islands were renamed as the United States Virgin Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Virgin Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the midst of the war , the federal budget soared from $ 1 \" billion in fiscal year 1916 to $ 19 \" billion in fiscal year 1919 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fiscal year", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was interred in a sarcophagus in Washington National Cathedral and is the only president interred in the nation 's capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington National Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation is a non-profit that provides grants for teaching fellowships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guest stars in the series included Graham Kennedy , Robert Hughes , Noeline Brown , Cornelia Frances , Ray Meagher , Henri Szeps and Bruce Spence , amongst others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "Robert Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Noeline Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Cornelia Frances", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Ray Meagher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "Henri Szeps", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Bruce Spence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Played by Ross Higgins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ross Higgins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is intolerant and has a particular hatred ( and fear ) of Catholics .", "entity": [{"entity": "hatred ( and fear ) of Catholics", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [38, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Played by Judi Farr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judi Farr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She often answers the telephone with catchphrases in the hope of winning the latest prize from \" TV Week \" or whatever competition is currently running on the radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Week", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Played by Peter Fisher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Fisher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Played by Lex Marinos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lex Marinos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Played by Maggie Dence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maggie Dence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mountain was named by Bruno de Heceta for his patron saint .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno de Heceta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1835 this rancho was granted to Jacob P. Leese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacob P. Leese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained viral video fame that year when his 16 April non-fight with Montreal Canadiens enforcer Aaron Downey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Canadiens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Aaron Downey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , it clipped off him at such an angle that the ball looped high into the air and swirled round and over goalkeeper Peter Shilton and into the net .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Shilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collecting the ball down the right flank , he looked up and sent a high and dangerous ball towards Gary Lineker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Lineker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After retiring from playing , he became manager of Chelmsford City in June 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chelmsford City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played under coach John McKay , including the 1972 undefeated and national championship season .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McKay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 14-week run as emcee ended , and he was replaced by Alex Trebek .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alex Trebek", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pair divorced in 1983 , and she is currently married to boxing legend Sugar Ray Leonard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar Ray Leonard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A soundtrack containing songs from the film was released featuring songs from soundtrack specialist Stan Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score for the film was composed by Paul Hertzog .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Hertzog", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 36 % based on reviews from 11 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1950 s , he an his wife , singer and guitarist Mary Ford , recorded and sold millions of records .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is prominently named by the music museum on its website as an \" architect \" and a \" key inductee \" with Sam Phillips and Alan Freed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "Alan Freed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He met pianist Art Tatum , whose playing influenced him to continue with the guitar rather than play jazz on the piano .", "entity": [{"entity": "Art Tatum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their conductor , Vic Schoen , said his playing was always original .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vic Schoen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slash called him \" vibrant and full of positive energy \" , while Richie Sambora called him a \" revolutionary in the music business \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Richie Sambora", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Produced for the A&E Network and directed by Philip Haas , the film starred James Caan , Lukas Haas , and Lisa Bonet .", "entity": [{"entity": "A&E Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Philip Haas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "James Caan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Lukas Haas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Lisa Bonet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2020 , he conceded the nomination to Joe Biden , who had won a series of decisive victories as the field narrowed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Biden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His older brother , Larry , said that during their childhood , the family never lacked for food or clothing , but major purchases , \" like curtains or a rug , \" were not affordable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "before transferring to the University of Chicago and graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in political science in 1964 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He lived in the area for several years before moving to the more populous Chittenden County in the mid-1970 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chittenden County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1986 , he unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Governor Madeleine Kunin ( D ) in her run for reelection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madeleine Kunin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He worked with Senator John McCain , who co-sponsored the bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McCain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since January 2017 , he has been Chair of the Senate Democratic Outreach Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate Democratic Outreach Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", guests had included William Barber , Josh Fox , Jane Mayer , and Bill Nye .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Barber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Josh Fox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Jane Mayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Bill Nye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It enlisted several former NowThis News employees to produce professional videos for wide social media distribution , has live-streamed various forums to its millions of social media followers , and has launched a podcast and smartphone app for grassroots organizing .", "entity": [{"entity": "NowThis News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This placed him in a decisive second-place behind Joe Biden until Elizabeth Warren and Kamala Harris caught up in July .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Biden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "Kamala Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has become a prominent supporter of laws requiring companies to give their workers parental leave , sick leave , and vacation time , noting that such laws have been adopted by nearly all other developed countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "parental leave", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "sick leave", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became party chairman , In 1980 , he served as an elector for the Socialist Workers Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "Socialist Workers Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had earlier praised Jeremy Corbyn 's stance on class issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeremy Corbyn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two days later his campaign released a statement that he had been diagnosed with a heart attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , Darwin 's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Darwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a bad manager of finances and so deeply in debt during the Great Depression that most of his assets had to be liquidated in the late 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He enrolled in the Harvard College class of 1885 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of them , Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay , by that flight became the first woman to travel around the world by air .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was defeated for the governorship by Charles Evans Hughes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Evans Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum was initiated in 1920 by Johannes V. Jensen , and eventually built in 1935 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johannes V. Jensen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vestermarkskolen was founded as one of several schools around Denmark that was called : \" de grønne skoler \" ( English : The green schools ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These works have deeply influenced current urban theory , mainly within human geography , as seen in the current work of authors such as David Harvey , Dolores Hayden , and Edward Soja , and in the contemporary discussions around the notion of spatial justice .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Harvey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "Dolores Hayden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "Edward Soja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The social production of space is commanded by a hegemonic class as a tool to reproduce its dominance ( see Antonio Gramsci ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antonio Gramsci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Bob Oliver in 1969 ( the franchise 's inaugural season ) in accomplishing this feat ; Joe Randa would join them in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Oliver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Joe Randa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His reputation soon surpassed that of his younger brother Solon Borglum , already an established sculptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solon Borglum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first attempt with the face of Thomas Jefferson had to be redone when it was determined that there was not enough stone to complete it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Jefferson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ending Theme : \" Daydreamin ' \" , performed by Kishō Taniyama .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kishō Taniyama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite suffering from bronchitis he attended all parliament sessions and died in Kensington , London , aged 82 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kensington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highlight of his time as a player had been a home run in his first at bat of his career off the Boston Red Sox ' Cal Koonce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "Cal Koonce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His team consisted of such stars as Frank Thomas , Robin Ventura , Ellis Burks , Jack McDowell , Alex Fernandez , Jason Bere , and Wilson Álvarez .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Robin Ventura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Ellis Burks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Jack McDowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Alex Fernandez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "Jason Bere", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "Wilson Álvarez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He came in 2nd place in the manager of the year voting behind Dusty Baker of the San Francisco Giants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dusty Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They solve murder cases in Munich and surroundings ( with three unsolved cases in total ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Munich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While scoring from first on a double , he ran into Cincinnati Reds catcher Johnny Bench in a collision at home plate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati Reds", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "Johnny Bench", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were followed by Carl Locher in 1872 , Michael Ancher in 1874 and Peder Severin Krøyer in 1882 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Locher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Michael Ancher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Peder Severin Krøyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They included Jørgen Aabye , Tupsy and Gad Frederik Clement , Ella Heide , Frederik Lange and Johannes Wilhjelm , some of whom settled in the area until the 1930 s or even later .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jørgen Aabye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Tupsy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Gad Frederik Clement", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 59]}, {"entity": "Ella Heide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Frederik Lange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "Johannes Wilhjelm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two significant migratory dunes remain in the area , one of which is the enormous Råbjerg Mile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Råbjerg Mile", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a height of , it was designed by Philip de Lange and lit for the first time in 1747 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip de Lange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where the differences between the four seasons are distinct , e.g. New Zealand , growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern , leading to growth rings ; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log , but are also visible on the other surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the distinctiveness between seasons is annual ( as is the case in equatorial regions , e.g. Singapore ) , these growth rings are referred to as annual rings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut , black locust , mulberry , osage-orange , and sassafras , while in maple , ash , hickory , hackberry , beech , and pine , thick sapwood is the rule .", "entity": [{"entity": "chestnut", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "sassafras", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "maple", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "hickory", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "hackberry", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "beech", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spruce impregnated with crude resin and dried is also greatly increased in strength thereby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spruce", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemlock", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 \" cm in section , which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as a green ( undried ) block of the same size will .", "entity": [{"entity": "spruce", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels : in some cases ( oak , chestnut , ash ) these are quite large and distinct , in others ( buckeye , poplar , willow ) too small to be seen without a hand lens .", "entity": [{"entity": "buckeye", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "poplar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "willow", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , some softwoods ( e.g. yew ) are harder than many hardwoods .", "entity": [{"entity": "yew", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furniture crafting , whereas balsa is light , making it useful for model building .", "entity": [{"entity": "mahogany", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet ( it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elm", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today a wider variety of woods is used : solid wood doors are often made from poplar , small-knotted pine , and Douglas fir .", "entity": [{"entity": "poplar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "pine", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "Douglas fir", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One noteworthy example of this trend is the family of golf clubs commonly known as the \" woods \" , the heads of which were traditionally made of persimmon wood in the early days of the game of golf , but are now generally made of metal or ( especially in the case of drivers ) carbon-fiber composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "persimmon", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alphaproteobacteria \" , \" Flavobacteria \" , \" Actinobacteria \" , \" Clostridia \" , and \" Bacteroidetes \" have been detected in wood submerged for over a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Actinobacteria", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The southernmost end of the ridge extends into Georgia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Caledonia is one example of recent obduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , he studied at a technical college in Russia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Milan Hodža 's government resigned on 23 September 1938 , President Edvard Beneš Syrový to head a national unity government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milan Hodža", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Edvard Beneš", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually , he was allowed to work as a nightwatchman , ironically guarding Luděk Marold 's panorama of the Battle of Lipany .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luděk Marold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Battle of Lipany", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first was a snapshot of himself shaking hands with Adolf Hitler during a meeting that he was obliged to attend at the Prague Castle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adolf Hitler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Prague Castle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Established in 1932 , the district started with an endowment set up in the will of Henry W. Grout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry W. Grout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Alliance of Museums", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Marseille .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marseille", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Paris on 1 December 1660 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Limacus flavus \" , known commonly as the \" cellar slug \" , the \" yellow slug \" , or the \" tawny garden slug \" , is a medium to large species of air-breathing land slug , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae .", "entity": [{"entity": "slug", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yellow slug is common in Scotland , England , Wales and Ireland as well as most of southern and western Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is regularly seen in Chobe National Park , Botswana but has only been reported once elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chobe National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "Botswana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1972 and until recently , an illustration of the castle has featured on the reverse side of five pound notes issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Bank of Scotland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He instructed the architect Robert Adam to rebuild a previous , but more basic , structure into a fine country house to be the seat of his earldom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Adam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reflects the motorway road signage in the film which indicates the trio heading north towards the Lake District National Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake District National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's score was composed by John Murphy and was released in a score / song compilation in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was used in a New York Knicks intermission video , where the players awkwardly attempt to sing along with the song .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Knicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official music video for the song was directed by Lionel C. Martin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lionel C. Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This perspective has been continually discussed by Paul Farmer , as well as by Philippe Bourgois and Nancy Scheper-Hughes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Farmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "Philippe Bourgois", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "Nancy Scheper-Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's art direction is by Clifford Pember .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clifford Pember", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1979 , Brigham Young University graduate student Bruce Bastian and computer science professor Alan Ashton Over the next several months , three more minor releases arrived , mainly to correct bugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brigham Young University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 34]}, {"entity": "Bruce Bastian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Alan Ashton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the jamb of the entrance to the veranda is an inscription of Yajna Sri Satakarni ( circa 170 CE ) , the same whose name appears in cave No. 81 ; the inscription here being much mutilated , it is only by help of the other that it can be deciphered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yajna Sri Satakarni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Garuda , Shitala or disease , sword , and some enemy not now recognizable from the abrasion of the stone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garuda", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Shitala", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Named after the nearby Esplanade Park , it consists of a concert hall which seats about 1,600 and a theatre with a capacity of about 2,000 for the performing arts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Esplanade Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unique architectural design has been said to have an appearance similar to either a durian ( a tropical fruit ) or the eyes of a fly .", "entity": [{"entity": "durian", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "fly", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born in Shandong province and graduated from Peking University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Peking University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His student at Tunghai University was Tu Weiming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tunghai University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "Tu Weiming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 1916 , he became Foreign Secretary in David Lloyd George 's coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Lloyd George", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before that , he had suffered occasional phlebitis and , by late 1929 , he was immobilised by it .", "entity": [{"entity": "phlebitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the favorite catcher of the notoriously temperamental Bob Gibson , and fostered a relationship with young pitcher Steve Carlton that would keep him in the major leagues later in his career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Steve Carlton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He teamed with Dan McLaughlin to call 30 games in the 2014 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan McLaughlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been described as a subspecies to its relative the long-billed thrasher , but was considered a separate species when it was determined in a 1998 study that it differed genetically more than five percent from both the long-billed and brown thrasher .", "entity": [{"entity": "brown thrasher", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [240, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective baits include fruit , peanut butter , nuts , seeds and vanilla extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "peanut butter", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "vanilla extract", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of deficiency has been found to cause metabolic bone disease , a somewhat common ailment found in malnourished squirrels .", "entity": [{"entity": "metabolic bone disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although squirrel meat is low in fat content , unlike most game meat it has been found by the American Heart Association to be high in cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Heart Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For most of the history of the United Kingdom , squirrel has been a meat not commonly eaten , and even scorned by many .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these squirrels are commonly referred to as \" albinos \" , most of them are likely non-albino squirrels that exhibit a rare white fur coloration known as leucism that is as a result of a recessive gene found within certain eastern gray squirrel ( \" Sciurus carolinensis \" ) populations , and so technically they ought to be referred to as \" white \" squirrels , instead of \" albino \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of Texas at Austin is home to a white squirrel population which has spurred the myth of the albino squirrel as a good luck charm .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Texas at Austin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the eastern gray squirrel is regarded as vermin it is illegal to release any into the wild ; any caught have to be humanely killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "vermin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "series , \" Heavy : The Story of Metal \" , and \" SuperGroup \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heavy : The Story of Metal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "SuperGroup", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuilly-sur-Seine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1908 he bought a copy of \" Thought-Forms \" by Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annie Besant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "Charles Webster Leadbeater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first three survive only in black-and-white photographs taken by fellow artist and friend Gabriele Münter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabriele Münter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut away to Bournemouth on 9 August 2008 , but the contract was not renewed , and he was released after just five appearances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bournemouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went on to make his league debut later that month in a 4 – 1 home defeat to Mansfield Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mansfield Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2013 , he signed for Farnborough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Farnborough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2015 he joined Walton Casuals , Whyteleafe in February 2016 and Three Bridges in June 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walton Casuals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Whyteleafe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Three Bridges", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The partnership beat the previous first-wicket record of 413 which had been set in 1956 by Vinoo Mankad and Pankaj Roy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinoo Mankad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Pankaj Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by AB de Villiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "AB de Villiers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album was produced , arranged , and almost entirely composed by Brian Wilson with guest lyricist Tony Asher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Tony Asher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album consists mainly of introspective songs like \" I Know There 's an Answer \" , a critique of LSD users , and \" I Just Was n't Made for These Times \" , the first use of a theremin-like instrument on a rock record .", "entity": [{"entity": "I Know There 's an Answer", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [56, 81]}, {"entity": "I Just Was n't Made for These Times", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [118, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October , the leftover song \" Good Vibrations \" followed as a single and became a worldwide hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Good Vibrations", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "track \" Barbara Ann \" as a single without the group 's knowledge or approval .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara Ann", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 12 , 2005 , it was the host of the July 14 , 2005 taping of \" SmackDown ! \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "SmackDown !", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She appears in several television films for Hallmark Channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hallmark Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She moved with her family to Los Angeles when she was eight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She paired with Valentin Chmerkovskiy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valentin Chmerkovskiy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biographer Jerome Loving calls the incident a \" myth \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerome Loving", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison derided the party philosophy as \" white manism \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Lloyd Garrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent much of 1872 caring for his mother , who was now nearly eighty and struggling with arthritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also last fully physically active in this house , receiving both Oscar Wilde and Thomas Eakins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar Wilde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Thomas Eakins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "English poet and critic John Addington Symonds spent 20 years in correspondence trying to pry the answer from him .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Addington Symonds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now owned by the National Trust .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Trust", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are now owned by the National Trust and are open for tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Trust", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is situated in green belt land , and is at the very edge of the urban metropolitan West Midlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Midlands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After World War I the methods used to gain support from troops and civilians needed to change .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War I", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just as the pop rock market had changed radically in the 1980 s , so did country music in the 1990 s with the arrival of Garth Brooks ' turbo-charged anthems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garth Brooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His next album , \" Harbinger \" , was unsuccessful commercially .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harbinger", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" On the Front Line \" reached No. \" 12 on the country albums chart .", "entity": [{"entity": "On the Front Line", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A later biography by Michael Bliss was published in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Bliss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prepare , he attended Eastman 's Royal Naval Academy in Southsea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eastman 's Royal Naval Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 55]}, {"entity": "Southsea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ships were stationed at Bermuda and many classes were held ashore when the ships were in port .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He spent the next period on course at Portsmouth and studying at the Royal Naval College , Greenwich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portsmouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Royal Naval College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "Greenwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Canadian Red Cross provided a large supply of warm gloves , woolen scarves , sea boot stockings , leather headgear lined with wool and fur , and woolen underwear , for the crew were ill-equipped to face winter storms with their tropical gear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Red Cross", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plan had the personal backing of Winston Churchill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winston Churchill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She got them safely to Colombo , Ceylon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Ceylon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Fairey Swordfish found the men in the water the next afternoon and an hour later the light cruiser and the destroyers and arrived to rescue the survivors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fairey Swordfish", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [2, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wound turned septic as a result of being left unattended after the sinking .", "entity": [{"entity": "septic", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the offseason , he was traded ( along with Mitch Richmond ) to the Washington Wizards for Chris Webber .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitch Richmond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Washington Wizards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "Chris Webber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , the United States Environmental Protection Agency declared a goal of making the river swimmable by 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2018 , the Environmental Protection Agency graded the river 's 2017 bacterial water quality \" A − \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the purposes of such studies are the investigations of how absorption is influenced by type of food ( e.g. plant vs animal source , breast milk vs formula ) , other components of the diet ( e.g. phytate ) , disease and metabolic disorders ( e.g. environmental enteric dysfunction ) , the reproductive cycle , quantity of mineral in diet , chronic mineral deficiency , subject age and homeostatic mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "environmental enteric dysfunction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [252, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His activity also included the transformation of Vălenii de Munte town into a cultural and academic center .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vălenii de Munte", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was an adversary of the dominant National Liberals , later involved with the opposition Romanian National Party .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Liberals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "Romanian National Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He credited the 19th century polymath Mihail Kogălniceanu , whose works he had first been reading as a child , with having shaped this literary preference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mihail Kogălniceanu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he decided , in 1908 , to set his base away from the urban centers , at a villa in Vălenii de Munte town ( nestled in the remote hilly area of Prahova County ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vălenii de Munte", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Prahova County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a while , he also held the University 's concise literature course , replacing Professor Ioan Bianu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ioan Bianu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the detriment of financial markets , the cabinet tried to implement debt relief for bankrupt land cultivators , and signed an agreement with Argentina , another exporter of agricultural produce , to try to limit deflation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unexpected consequence of this move was the protest resignation of General Ion Antonescu from the office of Defense Minister .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ion Antonescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jules Michelet , Leopold von Ranke and Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jules Michelet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Leopold von Ranke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the sister of award-winning filmmaker Cristian Mungiu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cristian Mungiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the father of rapper Nas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1970 s and ' 80 s he played alongside David Murray , Henry Threadgill , Hamiet Bluiett , Don Pullen , Charles Brackeen , James Blood Ulmer , and Cassandra Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "Henry Threadgill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "Hamiet Bluiett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "Don Pullen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Charles Brackeen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "James Blood Ulmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 145]}, {"entity": "Cassandra Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the author of a blog for ESPN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESPN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Robert Mulligan , it stars Tony Curtis and Debbie Reynolds as struggling young entertainment professionals in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Mulligan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Tony Curtis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Debbie Reynolds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sam Butera and Gerry Mulligan have minor roles as saxophonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Butera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Gerry Mulligan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black bears are known to inhabit the wilderness , along with White-tailed deer , bobcat , skunk and Pheasant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black bears", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "White-tailed deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "bobcat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "skunk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Pheasant", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It debuted at # 2 on the \" Billboard \" 200 album chart on 24 November 2001 , with sales of 214,650 copies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billboard", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of the 26 tracks fades from one to the next with no break in the music , courtesy of longtime producer / engineer James Guthrie , to help recreate the concept album feel of the band 's mid-period work .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Guthrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulpwood traffic increased as smaller spruce trees were harvested .", "entity": [{"entity": "spruce", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various curtailments of winter service were tried over the following years to reduce operating costs .", "entity": [{"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These passenger rail motors substituted for steam passenger trains during the summer months until October when snow and ice removal required daily operation of steam locomotives with pony plows .", "entity": [{"entity": "summer", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magazine is published in Cumbria , England , but included work from a worldwide network of contributors and subscribers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cumbria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" black-faced antthrush \" ( \" Formicarius analis \" ) , is a passerine bird .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "bird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a common and widespread forest bird in the tropical New World , from Honduras through Central America to the northern regions of South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "New World", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Honduras", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occurs in Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad and Brazil , and the Amazon Basin with the exception of the northwest region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Venezuela", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Trinidad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Amazon Basin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antthrush builds a leaf-lined nest in a cavity in a hollow branch or stump in which two white eggs are laid .", "entity": [{"entity": "eggs", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 8 , 2016 , CBS Home Entertainment re-released a repackaged version of the complete series set , at a lower price .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS Home Entertainment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1965 , Fleer produced a 66-trading card set based on the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fleer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dell Comics produced nine issues of a series based on the show from 1966 to 1969 , all with photo covers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dell Comics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The artwork was provided by Henry Scarpelli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Scarpelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary ingredients of its essential oil were found to be carvacrol ( 68.96 % ) , β-phellandrene ( 18.34 % ) and p-cymene ( 4.68 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "essential oil", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he came onto the international scene he was cited by then coach Dav Whatmore as the fastest bowler in the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dav Whatmore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has said his idols include Wasim Akram , Shoaib Akhtar , Steve Harmison and Brett Lee ( all fellow fast bowlers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wasim Akram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Shoaib Akhtar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Steve Harmison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Brett Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Margaret Thatcher proclaimed in 1983 : \" We have a duty to make sure that every penny piece we raise in taxation is spent wisely and well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Margaret Thatcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arriving in San Jose , he realized the hardcore punk and heavy metal scenes were more active than the ones in Denver .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Jose", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to this , he has admitted to suffering from bipolar disorder , and has sustained bodily injuries from relentless years of touring .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cabinet is often referred to elsewhere in New England as a frappe .", "entity": [{"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes it holds a score of 71 % based on 52 reviews , with an average rating of 6.4 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It marked the film debut of Ben Gazzara , George Peppard and Julie Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Gazzara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "George Peppard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Julie Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The site stood on high ground away from waterways and was not served by the early railroads , whose construction began in the 1830 s , and only was reached by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1881 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chesapeake and Ohio Railway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , this preserves the natural environment around Queen 's Creek and protects a significant archaeological site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queen 's Creek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an experiment in anticipation of the Bicentennial , in summer 1973 the hostesses were dressed in special red , white , and blue polyester knit pantsuits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bicentennial", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received criticism by series producer Koji Igarashi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koji Igarashi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the game 's success , series producer Koji Igarashi , who had not been involved in its production , was critical of the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koji Igarashi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His many distinguished pupils included Iannis Xenakis , George Benjamin , Alexander Goehr , Pierre Boulez , Karlheinz Stockhausen , Myung-whun Chung and Yvonne Loriod , who became his second wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iannis Xenakis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "George Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Alexander Goehr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "Pierre Boulez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Karlheinz Stockhausen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 129]}, {"entity": "Myung-whun Chung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 148]}, {"entity": "Yvonne Loriod", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1918 his father returned from the war and the family moved to Nantes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nantes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1924 , aged 15 , he was awarded second prize in harmony , having been taught in that subject by professor Jean Gallon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean Gallon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1932 , he composed the \" Apparition de l'église éternelle \" for organ .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apparition de l'église éternelle", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He married the violinist and composer Claire Delbos also in 1932 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claire Delbos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second of these works about human ( as opposed to divine ) love was the result of a commission from Serge Koussevitzky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serge Koussevitzky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the ten-movement \" Turangalîla-Symphonie \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turangalîla-Symphonie", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1949 he taught at Tanglewood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanglewood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in summer 1949 he taught in the new music summer school classes at Darmstadt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Darmstadt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While he did not employ the twelve-tone technique , after three years teaching analysis of twelve-tone scores , including works by Arnold Schoenberg , he experimented with ways of making scales of other elements ( including duration , articulation and dynamics ) analogous to the chromatic pitch scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arnold Schoenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Paris on April 27 , 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her 16 March funeral was broadcast live on SVT .", "entity": [{"entity": "SVT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was also included on the band 's debut album , \" Mr. Tambourine Man \" , which was released on June 21 , 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mr. Tambourine Man", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nearest cities are Riobamba ( ~ 30 \" km to the southeast ) , Ambato ( ~ 30 \" km to the northeast ) and Guaranda ( ~ 25 \" km to the southwest ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Riobamba", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Ambato", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Guaranda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In earlier days , the people transported ice for cooling uses down to coastal towns such as Babahoyo or Vinces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Babahoyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Vinces", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the passengers was Winston Churchill , then a war correspondent accompanying the detachment , who helped load the train engine with wounded before it made an escape attempt , pushing through the de-railed section that blocked its path and making it through safely .", "entity": [{"entity": "Winston Churchill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was successfully achieved and the capital , Pretoria , was captured on 5 June .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pretoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was an effort to support Russia by keeping the Dardanelles Strait open .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Dardanelles Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "English naturalist George Montagu described the roseate tern in 1813 .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Montagu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "gracilis \" breeds in Australia and New Caledonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It usually dives directly , and not from the \" stepped-hover \" favoured by Arctic tern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arctic tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The white-bellied sea-eagle ( \" Haliaeetus leucogaster \" ) and silver gull are known to prey on eggs and chicks , while the turnstone ( \" Arenaria interpres \" ) , black rat ( \" Rattus rattus \" ) and King 's skink ( \" Egernia kingii \" ) are suspected predators .", "entity": [{"entity": "turnstone", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "black rat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The colony at Lady 's Island Lake , County Wexford , is also of crucial importance , with 155 pairs nesting there in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lady 's Island Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 33]}, {"entity": "County Wexford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was the daughter of the famous historian Ban Biao and younger sister of the general Ban Chao and of historian Ban Gu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ban Biao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "Ban Chao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Ban Gu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also the grandniece of the notable scholar and poet Consort Ban .", "entity": [{"entity": "Consort Ban", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company created a wholly owned subsidiary , Investment Technology Group in 1987 to run POSIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Investment Technology Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investment Technology Group was eventually spun off as a separate public company in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Investment Technology Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2009 the firm hired more than 35 healthcare-focused investment banking professionals from UBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "UBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region consists of Oxford County , Androscoggin County , Franklin County , as well as northern York and interior Cumberland Counties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxford County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Androscoggin County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "Franklin County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "Cumberland Counties", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gained employment in University College Dublin as a trainee technician , while following his football interests .", "entity": [{"entity": "University College Dublin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following season , he moved to Home Farm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Home Farm", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He acquired several players from junior and schoolboy football ( such as future international Curtis Fleming ) and rescued others from reserve leagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curtis Fleming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This included John McDonnell , who went on to become manager of the club himself .", "entity": [{"entity": "John McDonnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of the players involved would go on to win full international caps , such as Richard Dunne , John O'Shea and Robbie Keane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Dunne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "John O'Shea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Robbie Keane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Steve Staunton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Staunton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He served as the infield and first base coach for the Detroit Tigers from 2006 – 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team made World Series appearances in 1991 and 1992 before finally winning the championship in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named the infield coach for the Detroit Tigers on October 11 , 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During winter 2008 – 09 transfer window , he joined FK Čukarički .", "entity": [{"entity": "FK Čukarički", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2009 , he signed a one-year contract for FK Mladi Radnik .", "entity": [{"entity": "FK Mladi Radnik", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also used her position as a platform to campaign against the government of Maurice Duplessis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maurice Duplessis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1981 she received an honorary phd from the University of Windsor .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Windsor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a roster that included Billy Wynne , Don Shaw , Tug McGraw , and Jerry Koosman , the club won the league championship three times : in 1962 , 1964 , and 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Wynne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "Don Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Tug McGraw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Jerry Koosman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future major leaguers Luis Aguayo , Randy Lerch , Dickie Noles , Lonnie Smith , and Ozzie Virgil , among numerous others , played for the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Aguayo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Randy Lerch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Dickie Noles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Lonnie Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "Ozzie Virgil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Managers of note included Mike Compton and Ruben Amaro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Compton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Ruben Amaro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final game featured a stellar pitching performance by Brett Cecil and a home run by J. P. Arencibia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brett Cecil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "J. P. Arencibia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was defeated by the incumbent Senator Tim Hutchinson by a lopsided vote of 71,576 to 20,546 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Hutchinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1990 ) , Jill ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1991 ) , Jessa ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jessa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A careful restoration was carried out in 1860 under the direction of Sir George Gilbert Scott , the famous architect , who also designed the roof of the nave in imitation of the medieval original .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Gilbert Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of this design decision , the first row of seats was from the sideline in a football configuration , considerably more distant than the first row of seats in most football stadiums ( the closest seats at the new Soldier Field , for instance , are from the sideline at the 50-yard line ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soldier Field", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [220, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time it opened in 1987 , the stadium was located in unincorporated Miami-Dade County , and had a Miami address .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami-Dade County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically it was in the Scott Lake census-designated place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today it is located in the city of Miami Gardens , which was incorporated on May 13 , 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami Gardens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first regular season game was scheduled for September 27 , a week 3 game against the New York Giants ; this game was canceled and not made up due to the 1987 players strike .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2006 , the stadium unveiled two Daktronics large video boards , the largest in professional sports at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daktronics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium was the venue where Mark McGwire hit his NL-record 57th home run to best Hack Wilson 's 68-year - old record of 56 in 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark McGwire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Hack Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From February 2008 through January 2009 , Stephen M. Ross gradually acquired 95 % of the stadium and surrounding land .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen M. Ross", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was most recently the recruiting coordinator / assistant coach of the women 's basketball team at the University of South Carolina from 2003 - 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of South Carolina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was one year old , his family moved to Minneapolis , Minnesota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finishing high school in 1926 , he entered the University of Minnesota , where he majored in business .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Minnesota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1962 ) , he portrayed a lawyer helping his partner ( Dean Martin ) cope with a gambling addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dean Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been suffering from lung cancer for 18 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three years later , the band released their breakthrough first album , \" Spit \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spit", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other severe medical conditions whose treatment is hampered in this way include tuberculosis , leprosy , epilepsy and the common severe bacterial Buruli ulcer .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "leprosy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Buruli ulcer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such incidents are common in countries such as Burkina Faso , Ghana , India , Kenya , Malawi , Nepal and Tanzania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burkina Faso", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Malawi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Tanzania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , in Saudi Arabia practicing witchcraft and sorcery is a crime punishable by death and the country has executed people for this crime in 2011 , 2012 and 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other individual practitioners and writers such as Paul Huson also claimed inheritance to surviving traditions of witchcraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Huson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was reported that a mob in Kenya had burnt to death at least 11 people accused of witchcraft in 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Malawi it is also common practice to accuse children of witchcraft and many children have been abandoned , abused and even killed as a result .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malawi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to William Kamkwamba , witches and wizards are afraid of money , which they consider a rival evil .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Kamkwamba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Tanzania in 2008 , President Kikwete publicly condemned witchdoctors for killing albinos for their body parts , which are thought to bring good luck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanzania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Kikwete", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen women and two men were executed in a witch-hunt that lasted throughout New England from 1645 – 1663 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belief in the supernatural is strong in all parts of India , and lynchings for witchcraft are reported in the press from time to time .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 750 people were killed as witches in Assam and West Bengal between 2003 and 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Assam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "West Bengal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials in the state of Chhattisgarh reported in 2008 that at least 100 \" women are maltreated annually as suspected witches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chhattisgarh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peak years of witch-hunts in southwest Germany were from 1561 to 1670 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historians Keith Thomas and his student Alan Macfarlane study witchcraft by combining historical research with concepts drawn from anthropology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keith Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Alan Macfarlane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United Kingdom children believed to be witches or seen as possessed by evil spirits can be subject to severe beatings , traumatic exorcism , and / or other abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pre-Christian times , witchcraft was a common practice in the Cook Islands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cook Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expanded flower of a Gardenia was stuck upright - a very difficult performance - in a cup ( i.e. , half a large coconut shell ) of water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gardenia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tsar Ivan IV ( reigned 1547 – 1584 ) took this matter to the ecclesiastical court and was immediately advised that individuals practicing these forms of witchcraft should be excommunicated and given the death penalty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan IV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aircraft is named after the Chipmunk , a small rodent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chipmunk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "rodent", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The type remained in use as a trainer until the early 1970 s , the last example being retired from service by the Canadian Armed Forces during 1972 , three years after unification of the Canadian Armed Forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian Armed Forces", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 135]}, {"entity": "Canadian Armed Forces", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Anti-aircraft warfare \" or \" counter-air defence \" is defined by NATO as \" all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "NATO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by ' Light ' or ' Heavy ' ( LAA or HAA ) to classify a type of gun or unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "First World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [10, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earliest known use of weapons specifically made for the anti-aircraft role occurred during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franco-Prussian War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant AA warfare started with the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Battle of Britain", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solution was automation , in the form of a mechanical computer , the Kerrison Predictor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kerrison Predictor", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some were outside territorial waters , and had a second life in the 1960 s as platforms for pirate radio stations , while another became the base of a micronation , the Principality of Sealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Principality of Sealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unguided systems involved the Fliegerfaust ( literally \" aircraft fist \" ) as the first MANPADS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fliegerfaust", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classic examples of autocannons and large calibre guns are the 40 \" mm autocannon and the 8.8 \" cm FlaK 18 , 36 gun , both designed by Bofors of Sweden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bofors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tactical High Energy Laser", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [18, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the British Army for instance , air defence is part of the artillery arm , while in the Pakistan Army , it was split off from the artillery to form a separate arm of its own in 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Pakistan Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent trend emerging during the Syrian Civil War is the use of ATGM against landing helicopters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syrian Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequently he collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Lucretia Herschel ( 1750 - 1848 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caroline Lucretia Herschel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would , after several weeks of verification and consultation with other astronomers , be confirmed to be a new planet , eventually given the name of Uranus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of this discovery , George III appointed him Court Astronomer .", "entity": [{"entity": "George III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter was a method first suggested by Galileo Galilei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galileo Galilei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optician John Dollond ( 1706 – 1761 ) tried to correct for this distortion by combining two separate lenses , but it was still difficult to achieve good resolution for far distant light sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Dollond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not give these moons their names ; they were named by his son John in 1847 and 1852 , respectively , after his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and discovered that the martian ice caps , first observed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini ( 1666 ) and Christiaan Huygens ( 1672 ) , changed size with that planet 's seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Domenico Cassini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 86]}, {"entity": "Christiaan Huygens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He concluded that it was in the shape of a disk , but incorrectly assumed that the sun was in the centre of the disk .", "entity": [{"entity": "disk", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various vocal works including a \" Te Deum \" , psalms , motets and sacred chants along with some catches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Te Deum", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He left the show after its initial season and was replaced by George Carlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Carlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He and his mother were stranded when World War II began .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My name 's Hess .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hess", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played in both games as a second-half substitute , for Álvaro Recoba and Hernán Crespo respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Álvaro Recoba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Hernán Crespo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple celebrated their wedding at the Freetown Central Mosque in Freetown on 15 June 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freetown Central Mosque", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 66]}, {"entity": "Freetown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schultz wins a seat in the settlement as well , however , and Alexander Mackenzie has become Prime Minister , running on promises not to grant the rebels an amnesty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Mackenzie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also included a \" Major-General Thomas Bland Strange \" in an 1885 meeting at which the general was not actually present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Bland Strange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drawn and Quarterly published the ten comic-book instalments from 1999 until 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drawn and Quarterly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was praised by Einstein ; published as a monograph , it remains a standard reference on the subject to this day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1923 to 1928 , he was a lecturer at the University of Hamburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Hamburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that same year , he fell ill with pancreatic cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "pancreatic cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon release , the prisoner would typically be sent into an exile within Russia without the right to settle within 100 km of large cities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1879 , Charles Harper suggested that the pearling industry could be served by a port closer to the pearling grounds and that Roebuck Bay would be suitable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Roebuck Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence the name Cable Beach given to the landfall site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cable Beach", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 36.19 % of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "CVP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , football had been his life and in May 1958 he answered the call to manage Carlisle United , where he stayed until moving to top-flight Nottingham Forest in 1960 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carlisle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Nottingham Forest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His next stop was at Plymouth Argyle , where he was appointed manager in 1963 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plymouth Argyle", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed caretaker manager at Wolverhampton Wanderers in November 1964 , replacing Stan Cullis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolverhampton Wanderers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 61]}, {"entity": "Stan Cullis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began the new season still at the helm but resigned after nine games , ending with a 9 – 3 thrashing at Southampton in September 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1928 , Hermann Weyl proposed a wormhole hypothesis of matter in connection with mass analysis of electromagnetic field energy ; however , he did not use the term \" wormhole \" ( he spoke of \" one-dimensional tubes \" instead ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermann Weyl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in 1962 , John Archibald Wheeler and Robert W. Fuller published a paper showing that this type of wormhole is unstable if it connects two parts of the same universe , and that it will pinch off too quickly for light ( or any particle moving slower than light ) that falls in from one exterior region to make it to the other exterior region .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Archibald Wheeler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 42]}, {"entity": "Robert W. Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many physicists , such as Stephen Hawking , Kip Thorne , argued that such effects might make it possible to stabilize a traversable wormhole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Hawking", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "Kip Thorne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only known natural process that is theoretically predicted to form a wormhole in the context of general relativity and quantum mechanics was put forth by Leonard Susskind in his ER = EPR conjecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonard Susskind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , other types of traversable wormholes were discovered as allowable solutions to the equations of general relativity , including a variety analyzed in a 1989 paper by Matt Visser , in which a path through the wormhole can be made where the traversing path does not pass through a region of exotic matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Visser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1993 , Matt Visser argued that the two mouths of a wormhole with such an induced clock difference could not be brought together without inducing quantum field and gravitational effects that would either make the wormhole collapse or the two mouths repel each other , or otherwise prevent information from passing through the wormhole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Visser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 David Deutsch showed that quantum theory is fully consistent ( in the sense that the so-called density matrix can be made free of discontinuities ) in spacetimes with closed timelike curves .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Deutsch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Devil Anse Hatfield was a suspect at first , but was later confirmed to have been sick at home at the time of the murder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Devil Anse Hatfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both families had also been involved in the manufacturing and selling of illegal moonshine , a popular commodity at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "moonshine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was killed near his home on January 7 , 1865 , just thirteen days after leaving the Union Army .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , NBC commissioned a pilot for a television show updating the feud to present-day Pittsburgh with Rebecca De Mornay , Virginia Madsen , Sophia Bush , and James Remar but it was not picked up .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Rebecca De Mornay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "Virginia Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "Sophia Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "James Remar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was related to George Rogers Clark , a military officer who served during the American Revolutionary War .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Rogers Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [81, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This developed in the Vietnam War into riverine warfare ( brown water navy ) , in intertidal and river areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took his pharmacy examination in 1817 , but had an interest in medicine and joined the Karolinska Institute in 1820 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karolinska Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1864 , Marc Delafontaine used optical spectroscopy to conclusively prove that yttrium , terbium and erbium were separate elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Delafontaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in 1858 , as his summer house on the island of Lovön , Stockholm County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lovön", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "Stockholm County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", originally sung by Tom Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting sculpture by Jacques de Lalaing is a large edifice of bronze figures on a plinth of rusticated stone blocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques de Lalaing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Fritz Genschow , in this adaptation there is a \" happy \" ending where the characters ' bad deeds are reversed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Genschow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the United Kingdom and some other countries , bodyguards have to have a license or certification with the SIA , which involves identity and criminal record checks .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Pervez Musharraf , as civilian head of state , was due to have this withdrawn after retiring as Chief of Army Staff , but the Pakistan Army has retained his close protection unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pervez Musharraf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "Pakistan Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Turkey , there are two main services tasked with close protection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Turkey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His abilities were such that he was able to study in the city under Albrechtsberger for counterpoint and theory and Salieri for composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albrechtsberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Salieri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here too he became a close friend of Meyerbeer ( at that time still a piano virtuoso , not yet a composer ) and their extemporized piano-duets were highly acclaimed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meyerbeer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His granddaughter Jelka Rosen , also a painter , married the composer Frederick Delius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jelka Rosen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Frederick Delius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These species are widespread across Mexico , Central America , the West Indies and South America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "West Indies", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they are only fragrant at night , in order to attract the right moth .", "entity": [{"entity": "moth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His son Callum is also a footballer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Callum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ian Flynn became head writer in 2006 and remained until the series ' cancellation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ian Flynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an evolved red giant star with a stellar classification of M0 \" III .", "entity": [{"entity": "red giant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a suspected variable star and is currently on the asymptotic giant branch , which means it is generating energy at its core through the fusion of helium .", "entity": [{"entity": "variable star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His work in the court ignited his interest in law and in 1941 he began a night course at University College Cork studying law .", "entity": [{"entity": "University College Cork", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While continuing his studies he started work with the Department of Justice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Department of Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , other candidates such as Charles Haughey , George Colley and Neil Blaney threw their hats into the ring immediately .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Haughey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "George Colley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Neil Blaney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three other cabinet ministers had also contemplated running , these were Brian Lenihan , Kevin Boland and Donogh O'Malley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Lenihan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "Kevin Boland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "Donogh O'Malley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave refused to sack his Minister and the government 's popularity took a downturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liam Cosgrave", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became a director on the boards of a number of companies , including Irish Distillers , Smurfit and Hibernian Insurance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irish Distillers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Smurfit", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "Hibernian Insurance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was conferred with the freedom of his own native city of Cork .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cork", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vehicle registration plates in Saudi Arabia use white background , but several vehicle types may have a different background .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technology is often featured in the reality TV show \" Parking Wars \" featured on A&E Network .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parking Wars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "A&E Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mid-August 2015 , in Boston , it was discovered that the license plate records for a million people was online and unprotected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he was 21 , his mother died of Hodgkin 's lymphoma , aged 52 , and his father died 15 months later of a heart attack , aged 69 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hodgkin 's lymphoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [36, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He graduated from the University of South Carolina with a B.A. in psychology in 1977 , and from the University of South Carolina School of Law with a J.D. in 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of South Carolina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 50]}, {"entity": "University of South Carolina School of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has , however , called current gun laws \" broken \" , citing an example of a woman who pleaded guilty by reason of insanity to attempting to kill President George W. Bush , but who was later able to pass a background check and buy a gun .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , in March 2013 , he joined with Senators Jeff Flake , Mark Begich and Mark Pryor in introducing a bill that would close a loophole by flagging individuals who attempt to buy guns who have used an insanity defense , were ruled dangerous by a court or had been committed by a court to mental health treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff Flake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Mark Begich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Mark Pryor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amendment would have given states permission to remove protections for individuals with preexisting conditions , such as allowing insurers to charge them higher prices for insurance .", "entity": [{"entity": "preexisting conditions", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [92, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the Human Rights Campaign he has also opposed anti-discrimination legislation and gay adoption .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human Rights Campaign", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is an advisor to The Atlantic Bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Atlantic Bridge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , researchers reported synthesis of the 9.6 kbp ( kilo bp ) Hepatitis C virus genome from chemically synthesized 60 to 80-mers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatitis C", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2006 , the same team , at the J. Craig Venter Institute , constructed and patented a synthetic genome of a novel minimal bacterium , \" Mycoplasma laboratorium \" and were working on getting it functioning in a living cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Craig Venter Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most used standardized DNA parts are BioBrick plasmids , invented by Tom Knight in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Knight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , George M. Church encoded one of his books about synthetic biology in DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "George M. Church", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Bifidobacterium \" and \" Clostridium \" selectively colonize tumors and reduce their size .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bifidobacterium", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "Clostridium", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , while synthetic biology may lead to more efficient production of medical treatments , it may also lead to synthesis or modification of harmful pathogens ( e.g. , smallpox ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "smallpox", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the publication of the first synthetic genome and the accompanying media coverage about \" life \" being created , President Barack Obama established the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues to study synthetic biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ninth child was his younger brother Fred Grace , born in 1850 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Grace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He bowled well and scored 32 off the bowling of John Jackson , George Tarrant and Cris Tinley .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "George Tarrant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Cris Tinley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was at a time when a new generation of professionals was appearing with the likes of Billy Gunn , Maurice Read and Arthur Shrewsbury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Gunn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Maurice Read", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "Arthur Shrewsbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matches were played in Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , London , New York , Philadelphia and Boston .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this time his bulk had made him a liability in the field and , afterwards , realising his limitations all too clearly , he decided to stand down and surrendered both his place and the captaincy to Archie MacLaren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Archie MacLaren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In later life , after his family moved to Mottingham , Kent , he became very interested in lawn bowls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mottingham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Kent", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H S Altham , for one , described him as \" the greatest of all cricketers \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "H S Altham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This point of view is often attributed to Emmy Noether , and so the change of title may reflect her influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emmy Noether", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are some audio recordings , the one with the best known performers being a live performance conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch as part of the celebrations of the centenary of the composer 's death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolfgang Sawallisch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first commercial DVB-T broadcasts were performed by the United Kingdom 's Digital TV Group in late 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Digital TV Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 Berlin , Germany was the first area to completely stop broadcasting analog TV signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Europe , as well as in Australia , South Africa and India , DVB is used throughout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broadcasts are using H. 264 , with the University of Nairobi supplying the decoders .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Nairobi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DVB-T broadcasts using H. 264 commenced in Israel on 1 June 2009 with the broadcast trial and the full broadcast began on 2 August 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", Japan uses different formats in all areas ( ISDB ) , which are however quite similar to their DVB counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [2, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Denmark , DVB-T replaced the analog transmission system for TV on 1 November 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denmark", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In New Zealand , DVB broadcasting is marketed under the Freeview brand name .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Freeview", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After moving in 1958 from Salisbury to nearby Bowerchalke , he met his fellow villager and walking companion James Lovelock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salisbury", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Bowerchalke", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "James Lovelock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 1956 novel \" Pincher Martin \" records the thoughts of a drowning sailor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pincher Martin", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian Council of Agricultural Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi while he took this decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahatma Gandhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They live in Chennai , Tamil Nadu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chennai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Tamil Nadu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It runs in Jordan , Syria , and Israel and drains much of the Hauran plateau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Hauran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , the lower part of the river , close to the Jordan Valley , forms part of the border between Israel and Jordan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He quickly moved up through the youth and reserve ranks and made his senior debut on 16 February 1935 in a 2 – 3 defeat at Huddersfield Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huddersfield Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had to wait until the 1936 – 37 season though before he became first choice , when he replaced Bill Morris , and swiftly became club captain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then announced his retirement as a result of injury and was appointed assistant to manager Ted Vizard , after having made 171 appearances in total for the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Vizard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also guest starred on a \" Gilligan 's Island \" episode as Rory Calhoun 's henchman , and an episode of \" The Rockford Files \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gilligan 's Island", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "Rory Calhoun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "The Rockford Files", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [108, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A year has passed since the apocalyptic disaster which left a great crater in the center of Edo City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edo City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was discharged from bankruptcy in 2007 , and founded the Reform Party in June 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reform Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of clubs such as Lens and Nantes were very keen on him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his professional debut on 8 December 2001 against SC Bastia coming on as a substitute , replacing David Hamed in the seventy-second minute of the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC Bastia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "David Hamed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The record was broken by Omar Vizquel on May 7 , 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Omar Vizquel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for 24 seasons , and holds the record for the longest career by a player who never played in a World Series .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the goalkeeper coach of USM Alger .", "entity": [{"entity": "USM Alger", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2020 , he was hired by USM Alger also as a goalkeeper coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "USM Alger", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Euro 96 particularly , he had a number of 40 – 45 yards shots at goal narrowly missing the target .", "entity": [{"entity": "Euro 96", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 , he took part in the BBC series \" Strictly Come Dancing \" , finishing third with his partner Erin Boag .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "Strictly Come Dancing", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "Erin Boag", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has two brothers , Anand Amritraj and Ashok Amritraj , who were also international tennis players .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anand Amritraj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Ashok Amritraj", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Anthriscus \" ( chervils ) is a common plant genus of the family Apiaceae , growing in Europe and temperate parts of Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2018 , she was awarded an honorary degree by her alma mater , Carnegie Mellon University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnegie Mellon University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundance of xenon in the atmosphere of planet Jupiter is unusually high , about 2.6 times that of the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , xenon is formed during supernova explosions , in classical nova explosions , by the slow neutron-capture process ( s-process ) in red giant stars that have exhausted their core hydrogen and entered the asymptotic giant branch , and from radioactive decay , for example by beta decay of extinct iodine-129 and spontaneous fission of thorium , uranium , and plutonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "supernova", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "nova", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "red giant", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1962 , a group of researchers at Bell Laboratories discovered laser action in xenon , and later found that the laser gain was improved by adding helium to the lasing medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bell Laboratories", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it can be used with oxygen in concentrations that have a lower risk of hypoxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These isotopes are monitored to ensure compliance with nuclear test ban treaties , and to confirm nuclear tests by states such as North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sylvia Plath 's \" The Bell Jar \" refers to insulin shock therapy in chapter 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sylvia Plath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "The Bell Jar", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later joined the FC Sochaux-Montbéliard training centre three years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Sochaux-Montbéliard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A month later , he made his official debut for the club as a starter in a league match against Olympique Béja and was handed the captain 's armband .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olympique Béja", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a four-year starter at Ohio State University from 1976 to 1979 where he played both point and shooting guard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers before the season began .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portland Trail Blazers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" songthaew \" ( , , ; , ; ) is a passenger vehicle in Thailand and Laos adapted from a pick-up or a larger truck and used as a share taxi or bus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thailand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Laos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those within towns are converted from pick-up trucks and usually travel fixed routes for a set fare , but in some cases ( as in Chiang Mai ) they are used as shared taxis for passengers traveling in roughly the same direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiang Mai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5,000 m final at Seoul was won by John Ngugi from Kenya who broke away from the field early in the race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "John Ngugi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he did not win the race as Moses Kiptanui snatched the victory away by setting a new world record .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moses Kiptanui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary is a giant star with a stellar classification of , meaning that an overabundance of barium ionized one time is observed in the spectrum of the star , making it a barium star .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "barium star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [174, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary component is likely a white dwarf with a period of 748.2 \" days and an eccentricity of 0.34 .", "entity": [{"entity": "white dwarf", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was there that he met his future comedy partner Ade Edmondson , Ben Elton , a fellow student , and Lise Mayer , with whom he later co-wrote \" The Young Ones \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ade Edmondson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Ben Elton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Lise Mayer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "The Young Ones", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared on the children 's television series \" Jackanory \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackanory", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 2013 he appeared in Channel 4 sitcom \" Man Down \" , playing the father of the protagonist , Greg Davies - despite being only ten years older .", "entity": [{"entity": "Channel 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Man Down", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Greg Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple met in 1981 while filming \" A Kick Up the Eighties \" and embarked on a secret affair .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Kick Up the Eighties", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary is a magnitude 6.82 A-type main-sequence star with a class of A1 \" Vn , where the ' n ' suffix indicates \" nebulous \" lines due to rapid rotation .", "entity": [{"entity": "A-type main-sequence star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [34, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original judging panel line-up in 2005 consisted of Mark Holden , Kate Ceberano , and John Reid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Holden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Kate Ceberano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "John Reid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In season three , the winner was also awarded a management contract , and in season four , a Nissan Dualis car .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nissan Dualis", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following day , Adam Lambert was announced as the third judge for the eighth season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam Lambert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 30 May 2010 , actor Matthew Newton was announced as the host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthew Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Red envelopes are gifts presented at social and family gatherings such as weddings or holidays such as Chinese New Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese New Year", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [103, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Vietnam , red envelopes are considered to be lucky money and are typically given to children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A flattened or smooth philtrum may be a symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome or Prader–Willi syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prader–Willi syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study of boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders found that a broader than average philtrum is one of a cluster of physical attributes associated with autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "autism spectrum disorders", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system is located near the ecliptic , so it is subject to occultation by the Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actor playing the role is similar in appearance to Sean Connery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean Connery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the final season , the series switched to a live , up-to-the-minute format and also included reports from many other correspondents including Will Durst , Merrill Markoe , Richard Rosen and Harry Shearer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Will Durst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "Merrill Markoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "Richard Rosen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 189]}, {"entity": "Harry Shearer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also included early appearances from Jan Hooks , and , among the many writers the show employed , was the first credited professional television writing gig for Conan O'Brien , Greg Daniels , Al Jean and Mike Reiss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jan Hooks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Conan O'Brien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 177]}, {"entity": "Greg Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "Al Jean", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 202]}, {"entity": "Mike Reiss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This object is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K2 \" III .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first identified as a double star by John Herschel .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Herschel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He emerged on the national scene due to support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deng Xiaoping", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [77, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these views were shared by the then General Secretary Hu Yaobang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hu Yaobang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was checked into the comfortable Beijing Hotel , but was n't able to get to sleep : he later claimed that , after years of living in poverty , the mattress was too soft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The club identified the 24-year - old defender as a possible replacement for Rio Ferdinand , who was transferred to Leeds United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rio Ferdinand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "Leeds United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Song 's debut was described by the BBC as \" unhappy \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is visible to the naked eye as a faint , orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.547 , and is located about 2 / 3 of the way from Capella toward Beta Tauri .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capella", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "Beta Tauri", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The visible member is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of ; sometimes just given as K3 \" III .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scenario of the game was written by director Tetsuya Takahashi and by Kaori Tanaka .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tetsuya Takahashi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "Kaori Tanaka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Electronic Gaming Monthly \" praised the story , characters , gameplay , graphics , and soundtrack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Electronic Gaming Monthly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JDO is integrated with Java EE in several ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Java EE", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is also the aunt to legendary hip hop MC Rakim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rakim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then spent a month with Lucky Millinder 's orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucky Millinder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was followed by \" Teardrops from My Eyes \" in 1950 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Teardrops from My Eyes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [23, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also toured with Bonnie Raitt in the late 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonnie Raitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The programme was made by the ITV franchise Yorkshire Television between 1987 and 1992 , although the BBC made two special episodes ; one in 1988 , the other in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "Yorkshire Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "BBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many others – old Nazis , Cabinet Ministers and even Salman Rushdie - would regularly pay to buy his silence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salman Rushdie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , Bronze Age buildings were found destroyed by a mudslide that had been triggered by an earthquake in the north-east part of the site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Red soils brought by the Yellow River flooding were also found in the site 's north-east .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yellow River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hugh Hefner , disliking the way he was depicted in the film , sued the producers of the picture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Hefner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1980 , Dorothy Stratten lies dead as her husband rants to himself about the events that led up to this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dorothy Stratten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region is known for its cultural traditions and has produced many brave fighters including Rrapo Hekali .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rrapo Hekali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The line-up included vocalist Charlie Huhn , who also played lead and rhythm guitar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Huhn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His ex-wife Patrizia Reggiani served 16 years in jail for hiring the hitman of the murder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrizia Reggiani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1983 , NKA ( previously known as substance K or neuromedin L ) was isolated from porcine spinal cord and was also found to stimulate intestinal contraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "porcine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is proposed that this release is involved in neurogenic inflammation , which is a local inflammatory response to certain types of infection or injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurogenic inflammation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The symptoms of infection are diarrhea , constipation , and abdominal pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a lifelong friendship and occasional partnership with Quincy Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quincy Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his early career , he modeled himself on Nat King Cole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nat King Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here he met and befriended , under the tutelage of Robert Blackwell , a 15-year - old Quincy Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Blackwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "Quincy Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 , he had a top-twenty hit with another ballad , \" Here We Go Again \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Here We Go Again", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The foundation has taken action against donation recipients who do not use funds in accordance with its mission statement , such as the Albany State University , which was made to return a $ 3 million donation after not using the funds for over a decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albany State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B.B. King , Glen Campbell , Stevie Wonder and Wynton Marsalis each played a tribute at the funeral .", "entity": [{"entity": "B.B. King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Glen Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Stevie Wonder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Wynton Marsalis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had been caught off the Philippines in 1908 and preserved , without its full significance being realised .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second species was discovered in the Coral Sea , near New Caledonia , in 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coral Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "New Caledonia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the summer of 2008 , he was loaned to Fiorentina with the option to buy out the player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiorentina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned as head coach on 20 January 2020 , following a loss to Salernitana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salernitana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A milder cover version by Pat Boone reached number 1 , having received wider radio airplay in an era of racial segregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was assigned a new producer ( Felton Jarvis ) and a new arranger ( Bill Justis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Felton Jarvis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Bill Justis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , a new arena was constructed in a warehouse in Renfrew , on the outskirts of Glasgow , for use in the rebooted series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renfrew", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All episodes were announced by Jonathan Pearce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonathan Pearce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Civil War hampered further organized explorations until the late 1860 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The report included letters and attachments by other expedition members , including naturalist and mineralogist George Bird Grinnell .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Bird Grinnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visitors in these early years faced poor roads and limited services , and most access into the park was on horse or via stagecoach .", "entity": [{"entity": "horse", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the enormous forest fires of 1988 damaged much of Grant Village , structures there were rebuilt in the traditional style .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grant Village", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The twentieth century saw the biocentric moral vision that focuses on the health of the ecosystem as theorized by Aldo Leopold , which led to the expansion of federally protected areas and to the surrounding ecosystems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aldo Leopold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To combat the perceived threat of brucellosis transmission to cattle , national park personnel regularly corral bison herds back into the park when they venture outside of the area 's borders .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucellosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other less commonly seen mammals include the mountain lion and wolverine .", "entity": [{"entity": "wolverine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspen trees sprout new growth from their roots , and even if a severe fire kills the tree above ground , the roots often survive unharmed because they are insulated from the heat by soil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspen", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt Lake City , to the south , is the closest large metropolitan area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt Lake City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ujjain had been the political , economic , and cultural capital of the region in ancient times , and Indore is now the largest city and commercial centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ujjain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Indore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Baati \" is typically eaten with dal ( pulses ) , while \" baflas \" are dripping with ghee and soaked with dal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baati", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [2, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another target of criticism is the behaviourism or \" behavioural psychology \" propounded by psychologists John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner .", "entity": [{"entity": "John B. Watson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "B. F. Skinner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , he has winning qualities : his total candour , his wit , his intelligence and his energy ; these are attractive qualities and ones , which I might add , which he shares with Richard III \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was also linked to the murder of an elderly vagrant by a 16-year - old boy in Bletchley , Buckinghamshire , who pleaded guilty after telling police that friends had told him of the film \" and the beating up of an old boy like this one \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bletchley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Buckinghamshire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Christiane Kubrick , the director 's wife , has said that the family received threats and had protesters outside their home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christiane Kubrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ireland , the film was banned on 10 April 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ireland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In South Africa , it was banned under the apartheid regime for 13 years , then in 1984 was released with one cut and only made available to people over the age of 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was banned in South Korea The Maritime Film Classification Board also reversed the ban eventually .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Maritime Film Classification Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is an icon at Boca Juniors where he played over 200 games in three separate stints at the club and won 15 titles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boca Juniors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His performance called Boca Juniors ' attention , and he was transferred to the club he would late refer to as \" my home \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boca Juniors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among others , this terminology has been adopted by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Department of Natural Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Canada , it is found in Ontario around the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River through Quebec to Quebec City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Great Lakes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Saint Lawrence River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Quebec City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is often said to have a distinct smell , which is attributed partially to the presence of sweet fern and balsam poplar .", "entity": [{"entity": "sweet fern", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "balsam poplar", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elk have been reintroduced in northern Wisconsin , Michigan , and Ontario after having been extirpated prior to the 20th century by overhunting and habitat loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lone Cougar have been documented moving through the region , but these appear to consist of solitary young males dispersing from the Great plains , and little evidence of breeding populations is currently known to exist in the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cougar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Great plains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jean Domat suggests that because letters of credit are prompted by the buyer ’s necessity , the cause of a LC is to release the buyer of his obligation to pay directly to the seller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean Domat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2018 , PNB suffered from such a breach of documentation protocols .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was angered by what he had said in his column about her ongoing contractual dispute with producer Hal Wallis , who had introduced her to the movie industry in 1954 and whom she eventually sued successfully for violating the terms of their contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hal Wallis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received widespread acclaim with Roger Ebert writing that he admired the film \" for having the guts to take this totally weird conceit and push it to its ultimate comic conclusion \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Ebert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film also starred Jack Nicholson , Jeff Daniels , and John Lithgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Nicholson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Jeff Daniels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "John Lithgow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has winning records against top-10 stars Jelena Janković 2 – 0 , Ana Ivanovic 1 – 0 , and Marion Bartoli 1 – 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jelena Janković", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "Ana Ivanovic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Marion Bartoli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at the Bangalore Open she upset Maria Kirilenko saving three match points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangalore Open", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Maria Kirilenko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She eventually lost to runner-up Patty Schnyder in straight sets and made her top-50 debut afterwards at No. 43 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patty Schnyder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In qualifying singles , she was seeded eighth but lost to unseeded Alexandra Panova in the qualifying second round .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexandra Panova", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rhopalostylis \" is a genus of two species of palms native to the South Pacific .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Rhopalostylis \" is closely related to the Lord Howe Island genus \" Hedyscepe \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lord Howe Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 , the definition of Sleep Apnea was changed to include patients with UARS by using RDI to determine sleep apnea severity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sleep Apnea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on symptoms , patients are commonly misdiagnosed with idiopathic insomnia , idiopathic hypersomnia , chronic fatigue syndrome , fibromyalgia , or a psychiatric disorder such as ADHD or depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic fatigue syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [107, 131]}, {"entity": "fibromyalgia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [134, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to technological and financial problems production was delayed and limited , with Belgium as the only user to create active units with the type .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CFMs fought a delaying battle between the rivers Seine and Loire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Loire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finished album was titled \" Bleed American \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bleed American", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental psychology emerged as a modern academic discipline in the 19th century when Wilhelm Wundt introduced a mathematical and experimental approach to the field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Wundt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of the 20th century , behaviorism became a dominant paradigm within psychology , especially in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This instrument , invented by Matthäus Hipp around 1850 , uses a vibrating reed to tick off time in 1000ths of a second .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matthäus Hipp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developed by Carl Ludwig in the 19th century , the kymograph is a revolving drum on which a moving stylus tracks the size of some measurement as a function of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Ludwig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These contexts of human mental processes and behavior are neglected , according to critical psychologists , like Herbert Marcuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert Marcuse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He conducted his first mass in Intramuros .", "entity": [{"entity": "Intramuros", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1820 until his death he lived at 25 St James 's Place .", "entity": [{"entity": "St James 's Place", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was educated at Westminster School and the University of Oxford .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "University of Oxford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific \" bengalensis \" means \" of Bengal \" , the type locality , historically referring to much of northern India and Bangladesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bengal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a medium-large tern , very similar in size and general appearance to its three very close relatives Sandwich tern , Elegant tern and Chinese crested tern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sandwich tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "Elegant tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "Chinese crested tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [141, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are two other orange-billed terns within the range of this species , royal tern and Greater crested tern .", "entity": [{"entity": "royal tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Greater crested tern", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [90, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Netanya and Haifa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netanya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Haifa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andreas Sigismund Marggraf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc is an essential mineral , including to prenatal and postnatal development .", "entity": [{"entity": "essential mineral", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc deficiency", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consumption of excess zinc may cause ataxia , lethargy , and copper deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective sewage treatment greatly reduces this ; treatment along the Rhine , for example , has decreased zinc levels to 50 \" ppb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc is an inexpensive and effective part of treatment of diarrhea among children in the developing world .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastroenteritis is strongly attenuated by ingestion of zinc , possibly by direct antimicrobial action of the ions in the gastrointestinal tract , or by the absorption of the zinc and re-release from immune cells ( all granulocytes secrete zinc ) , or both .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastroenteritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical zinc has also been shown to effectively treat , as well as prolong remission in genital herpes .", "entity": [{"entity": "genital herpes", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While zinc deficiency is usually due to insufficient dietary intake , it can be associated with malabsorption , acrodermatitis enteropathica , chronic liver disease , chronic renal disease , sickle cell disease , diabetes , malignancy , and other chronic illnesses .", "entity": [{"entity": "malabsorption", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "acrodermatitis enteropathica", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [112, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent example showed 6 micromolar killing 93 % of all \" Daphnia \" in water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daphnia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another patient who ingested 12 \" grams of zinc showed only lethargy and ataxia ( gross lack of coordination of muscle movements ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1276 they founded Fes Jdid , which they made their administrative and military centre .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fes Jdid", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the height of their power , during the rule of Abu al-Hasan Ali ( r .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu al-Hasan Ali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1985 he was replaced as head of state by General Wojciech Jaruzelski .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wojciech Jaruzelski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also wrote fiction about contemporary issues in the black community and became a central figure of the Harlem Renaissance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harlem Renaissance", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [107, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local union is shown hiring a freelance strike consultant , Ray Rogers , who comes in with charts , graphs and promises of a corporate campaign to draw national press attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1991 it was screened at the Sundance Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sundance Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On March 18 , 1992 , it opened in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 100 % of critics gave the film a positive review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wrath was originally going to be in the game but was removed for unknown reasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Hermann Weyl , the assumption that space is made of finite and discrete units is subject to a further problem , given by the \" tile argument \" or \" distance function problem \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hermann Weyl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a first cousin to Hal Newhouser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hal Newhouser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then joined the Boston Red Sox organization in fall 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a shortstop and outfielder , he played with the Detroit Tigers ( 1952 – 1959 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1960 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 1961 – 1965 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1965 – 1966 ) , and Philadelphia Phillies ( 1966 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 101]}, {"entity": "San Francisco Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 133]}, {"entity": "Chicago Cubs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia Phillies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "332 in 1956 , surpassed only by Mickey Mantle ( .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mickey Mantle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "353 ) and Ted Williams ( .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "328 ) and Pete Runnels ( .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Runnels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interventions in museums were first employed by artists like Marcel Duchamp , who were looking to challenge both established elite art traditions and the expectations of museum visitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcel Duchamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an , he achieved success as an astronomer , mathematician , seismologist , hydraulic engineer , inventor , geographer , cartographer , ethnographer , artist , poet , philosopher , politician , and literary scholar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luoyang", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Chang'an", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 3rd \" century , Liu Hui made the calculation more accurate with his π algorithm , which allowed him to obtain the value 3.14159 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liu Hui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Views from the top of the windmill include Canary Wharf and the transmitter at Crystal Palace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canary Wharf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Crystal Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This performance made him the third male after John Konrads and Tim Shaw to hold world records over three distances simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Konrads", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Tim Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was unmoved by national coach Alan Thompson , who implored him to continue swimming the event .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was present at the World Trade Center on the morning of 11 September 2001 , having stopped there on his jog , before returning to his hotel after forgetting his camera .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Trade Center", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concurrently she launched CASH Music , a subscription-based , direct-to-consumer website , that was formed along with fellow musician Donita Sparks .", "entity": [{"entity": "CASH Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "Donita Sparks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , where there are early examples of permanent settlements ( though not necessarily permanently occupied ) such as those at Lepenski Vir , they are almost always associated with fishing as a major source of food .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lepenski Vir", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steam trawlers were introduced at Grimsby and Hull in the 1880 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grimsby", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Hull", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since World War II , radio navigation aids and fish finders have been widely used .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recreational fishing took a great leap forward after the English Civil War , where a newly found interest in the activity left its mark on the many books and treatises that were written on the subject at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "English Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jointed rods became common from the middle of the century and bamboo came to be used for the top section of the rod , giving it a much greater strength and flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "bamboo", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the mid to late 19th century , expanding leisure opportunities for the middle and lower classes began to have its effect on fly fishing , which steadily grew in mass appeal .", "entity": [{"entity": "leisure", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish and other aquatic organisms are also processed into various food and non-food products , such as sharkskin leather , pigments made from the inky secretions of cuttlefish , isinglass used for the clarification of wine and beer , fish emulsion used as a fertiliser , fish glue , fish oil and fish meal .", "entity": [{"entity": "cuttlefish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "fish meal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [295, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a multidisciplinary science , which draws on the disciplines of oceanography , marine biology , marine conservation , ecology , population dynamics , economics and management in an attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries .", "entity": [{"entity": "marine biology", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These firms included Bell Pottinger and Brown Lloyd James , with the latter being paid $ 5,000 a month for their services .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bell Pottinger", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Brown Lloyd James", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pitched a 5-hit shutout against the Texas Rangers on May 16 , 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He last played for SC Schiltigheim .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC Schiltigheim", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the series , players race through condensed depictions of New York City , London , Los Angeles , Paris , Tokyo , San Diego , Atlanta , and Detroit .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first prominent post was conductor of the City of Birmingham Orchestra in 1924 .", "entity": [{"entity": "City of Birmingham Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the British Broadcasting Corporation appointed him director of music in 1930 , he established the BBC Symphony Orchestra and became its chief conductor .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Broadcasting Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 41]}, {"entity": "BBC Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gave the first performance of his friend Gustav Holst 's \" The Planets \" , and introduced new works by , among others , Elgar , Bliss , Britten , Delius , Rootham , Tippett , Vaughan Williams and Walton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gustav Holst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "The Planets", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Elgar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Bliss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 136]}, {"entity": "Britten", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "Delius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "Rootham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "Tippett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Vaughan Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 194]}, {"entity": "Walton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his BBC years he introduced works by foreign composers , including Bartók , Berg , Stravinsky , Schoenberg and Webern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bartók", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Berg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "Stravinsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Schoenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "Webern", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued to be the orchestra 's main conductor until his successor William Steinberg took up the post in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Steinberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its music video , starring Spike Jonze , won numerous awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spike Jonze", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After five years in Belgium , he signed a contract with Ethnikos Asteras F.C. in Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Ethnikos Asteras F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highway designations were moved to Whitemud Drive in the 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Whitemud Drive", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was originally appointed by President George W. Bush and was retained for service by President Barack Obama .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He continued to serve as Secretary of Defense in President Barack Obama 's administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is one of only 6 speakers not to be a graduate of Texas A&M University since Dwight D. Eisenhower spoke in 1946 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas A&M University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by former Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lawrence Eagleburger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The score was composed by Vangelis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vangelis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on 34 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes , 65 % of critics gave the film a positive review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located in the south of the county , extending to its border with Wales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the long ocean voyage , his roommate was the division 's assistant chief of staff for training , Lesley J. McNair ; the two formed a personal and professional bond that they maintained for the rest of their careers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesley J. McNair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occasionally , bears are killed during hunts for wild boar using dogs , and by poisoned baits and snares set illegally for red deer , roe deer , wolf or lynx .", "entity": [{"entity": "wild boar", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "red deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "roe deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born six weeks premature which , along with the oxygen-rich atmosphere in the hospital incubator , resulted in retinopathy of prematurity , a condition in which the growth of the eyes is aborted and causes the retinas to detach , so he became blind .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinopathy of prematurity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [118, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1975 , he played harmonica on two tracks on Billy Preston 's album \" It 's My Pleasure \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Preston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "It 's My Pleasure", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [72, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The double album-with-extra-EP \" Songs in the Key of Life \" was released in September 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Songs in the Key of Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Conversation Peace \" and the live album \" Natural Wonder \" were released in the 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conversation Peace", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 20]}, {"entity": "Natural Wonder", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "at Etta James ' funeral , in 2012 , and a month later at Whitney Houston 's memorial service .", "entity": [{"entity": "Etta James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "Whitney Houston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also featured on two tracks on Mark Ronson 's album \" Uptown Special \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Ronson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Uptown Special", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also awarded an honorary key to the city , presented by Mayor Mike Duggan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Duggan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played as a wide receiver for the University of Alabama and Baltimore Colts .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Alabama", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "Baltimore Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later worked as a football coach for 28 years , including stints as the head coach for the New York Giants , the University of Alabama , Tampa Bay Buccaneers , and Arkansas State University .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Giants", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "University of Alabama", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 137]}, {"entity": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "Arkansas State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played for the National Football League 's Baltimore Colts as a wide receiver from 1967 to 1971 , under coach Don Shula .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Football League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "Baltimore Colts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Don Shula", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also spent 1997 with the Oakland Raiders as an offensive coordinator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oakland Raiders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His replacement was Joe Gibbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Gibbs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original theme tune was composed by Kjartan Poskitt , famous for the \" Murderous Maths \" series of books .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kjartan Poskitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Murderous Maths", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A special tribute to Mark Speight was also broadcast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Speight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kirsten O'Brien and Mike Fischetti both returned to host the show and the show continued to have guest presenters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kirsten O'Brien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Mike Fischetti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This episode , with Kirsten O'Brien and Mark Speight , was aired as part of the 2003 series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kirsten O'Brien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "Mark Speight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series reran on both Disney Channel from September 3 , 2002 to September 2 , 2004 and Toon Disney from September 3 , 2002 to September 5 , 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Disney Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Toon Disney", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She often sang with Spencer Davis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spencer Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had already contributed backup vocals and painted the cover for \" Kiln House \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kiln House", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band had just lost founding member Peter Green , and its members were nervous about touring without him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early 1970 s was a rocky time for the band , with a revolving door of musicians ; and only the albums \" Bare Trees \" and \" Mystery to Me \" were successful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bare Trees", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "Mystery to Me", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her biggest hit was \" Do n't Stop \" , which reached number three .", "entity": [{"entity": "Do n't Stop", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They honeymooned in Birmingham before going off with their own separate bands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birmingham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the railroad closed , John Lasseter relocated it to his property .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lasseter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One famous example of this occurring was in the Union Association , which operated in 1884 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Union Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International club competitions such as the UEFA Champions League also means that the top clubs always have something to play for , even in the most unbalanced of national leagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Great Depression , the league was under financial pressure to lower its salary cap to $ 62,500 per team and $ 7,000 per player , forcing some teams to trade away well-paid star players in order to fit the cap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film currently holds a score of 82 % on Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which was written by Clive Westlake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clive Westlake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She knew their bass guitarist , John Paul Jones , from his session work on her earlier albums .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Paul Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was published in 1984 by Software Projects and ported to most home computers of the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Software Projects", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It received generally poor reviews which criticised inferior graphics and animation ; however , Rob Hubbard 's theme music , unique to this version , was considered a highlight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Hubbard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut for the club on 25 August in a 1 – 1 draw against Padideh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Padideh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The building , which has ninety-five rooms , was designed by Nathaniel Clements and completed in 1751 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathaniel Clements", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in 1990 Mary Robinson moved back to the older main building .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her successor , Mary McAleese , lived in the 1911 wing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary McAleese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has also visited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hillary Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was welcomed by President Mary McAleese , inspected a guard of honour , signed the visitors book and planted an Irish oak sapling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary McAleese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Irish oak", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He attended the University of Colorado Boulder .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Colorado Boulder", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became only the second major league rookie since 1900 to play 150 games as a teenager ; the first had been Bob Kennedy , also 19 , with the Chicago White Sox in 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Kennedy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "Chicago White Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To make matters worse , on May 12 , 1973 , he was hit by a pitch this time from Ramón Hernández of the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramón Hernández", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the World Series the shoulder injury forced him out of Game 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Series", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was traded with Bill Laxton to the Detroit Tigers for Mickey Lolich and Billy Baldwin on December 12 , 1975 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Laxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "Mickey Lolich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Billy Baldwin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first chorus after they walk out they are holding various fast food items , while looking around the velodome looking complex , wondering where they have landed .", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amid speculation from general manager Jerry West that he may only coach until the end of the season , He was coaching a team that had five of his former teammates on the roster : Vlade Divac , Elden Campbell , Tony Smith , Kurt Rambis , James Worthy , and Michael Cooper , who was brought in as an assistant coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry West", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Vlade Divac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 190]}, {"entity": "Elden Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [193, 207]}, {"entity": "Tony Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "Kurt Rambis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 234]}, {"entity": "James Worthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [237, 249]}, {"entity": "Michael Cooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nick Van Exel received a seven-game suspension for bumping referee Ron Garretson during a game on April 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Van Exel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Ron Garretson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , he endorsed Barack Obama for president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A very characteristic bi-conical shape and typical ornaments evolved , in many cases with typical \" handles \" which were almost non-functional , but were key to understanding ornaments that had symbolic meanings , representing ideas such as \" horizon \" , \" mountains \" , \" sky \" , \" underworld \" , \" sun \" , \" constellation of Orion \" , \" Venus \" , et cetera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orion", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [327, 332]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [339, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It probably dates to the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Bronze Age", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excavations by the University of Southampton in 2000 however revealed the parallel rows of holes that held the stones .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that season , he signed a lucrative contract with the Orlando Magic , but his play began to regress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orlando Magic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The officiant was 1970 s sitcom producer Norman Lear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norman Lear", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earliest reasonably accurate estimate of the speed of sound in air was made by William Derham and acknowledged by Isaac Newton .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Derham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "Isaac Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first senior start came for Livingston where he spent three seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Livingston", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At age 15 he signed school boy terms with the club he had watched as a supporter , local side Queen of the South .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queen of the South", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While in college , he met Frank Rogers , a fellow student who went on to serve as his producer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also met Chris DuBois in college , and he , too , would write songs for him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris DuBois", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the opening acts who appeared during the tour were Taylor Swift , Kellie Pickler , Jack Ingram , Rodney Atkins and Chuck Wicks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor Swift", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Kellie Pickler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "Jack Ingram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "Rodney Atkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Chuck Wicks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album also features collaborations with James Burton , Little Jimmy Dickens , Vince Gill , John Jorgenson , B.B. King , Albert Lee , Brent Mason , Buck Owens , Redd Volkaert and Steve Wariner .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Little Jimmy Dickens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "Vince Gill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "John Jorgenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "B.B. King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Albert Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "Brent Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Buck Owens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "Redd Volkaert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 177]}, {"entity": "Steve Wariner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album 's lead single , \" Then \" , was released in March 2009 and performed for the first time on \" American Idol \" on March 18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album 's second single , \" Beat This Summer \" , was released to country radio on March 4 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beat This Summer", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album 's fourth single , \" The Mona Lisa \" , was released to country radio on December 9 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Mona Lisa", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His track \" Accidental Racist \" , a duet with rapper LL Cool J , generated a bit of notoriety when it was released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Accidental Racist", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "LL Cool J", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 1960 , Ray Solomonoff founded the theory of universal inductive inference , the theory of prediction based on observations ; for example , predicting the next symbol based upon a given series of symbols .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Solomonoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the development and application of the principle of least action by Pierre Louis Maupertuis and Leonhard Euler , and in the development of quantum mechanics by Max Planck , Werner Heisenberg and Louis de Broglie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre Louis Maupertuis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 94]}, {"entity": "Leonhard Euler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Max Planck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 193]}, {"entity": "Louis de Broglie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another application of the principle is to be found in the work of George Berkeley ( 1685 – 1753 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Berkeley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the utilitarian approach to the philosophy of punishment , Jeremy Bentham 's \" parsimony principle \" states that any punishment greater than is required to achieve its end is unjust .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeremy Bentham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walter Chatton ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Chatton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a scholar of the religious practices of Japan and China , with a particular emphasis on Taoism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , during a 0 – 0 draw against Sochaux on 5 February 2005 , he suffered a knee injury in the 6th minutes , resulting in his substitution and was sidelined for a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sochaux", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A month later on 22 October 2005 , he scored his third goal of the season , in a 2 – 0 win against FC Nantes .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Nantes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scored two goals in two matches between 8 February 2009 and 15 February 2009 against Nice and Le Havre ( which he also made a double assist during the match ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "Le Havre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then scored his first goal of the season , in a 3 – 0 win against AJ Auxerre on 22 August 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AJ Auxerre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was n’t until on 12 January 2013 when he returned to the starting line–up , in a 2 – 0 loss against Bordeaux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bordeaux", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two months later on 3 April 2016 , he scored his second goal for the club , in a 2 – 2 draw against Akhisar Belediyespor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Akhisar Belediyespor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released by Midway Games , on October 31 , 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Midway Games", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria , such as \" Rhizobium \" species , detect compounds like flavonoids secreted by the roots of leguminous plants and then produce nod factors that signal to the plant that they are present and will lead to the formation of root nodules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhizobium", "entity_type": "biology", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first game since returning was on 23 February in a 5 – 1 away defeat to Manchester United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was involved in the royalist plot of July 1659 , and was committed to the Tower of London , whence he wrote to his wife on 20 August 1659 a letter taking a justly sanguine view of his situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tower of London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1662 he was occupied with the demolition of the walls and fortifications at Gloucester , but next year he pleaded for the retention of a garrison at Chepstow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gloucester", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Chepstow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He voted for a regency in preference to the offer of the crown to William of Orange .", "entity": [{"entity": "William of Orange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1694 he was living in great seclusion at Chelsea , taking the waters , and absenting himself from court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chelsea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Footage of Yellowstone National Park 's 1988 fires was used for the fire sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yellowstone National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a now-classic study ( 1959 ) , social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven developed a schema of sources of power by which to analyse how power plays work ( or fail to work ) in a specific relationship .", "entity": [{"entity": "John R. P. French", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "Bertram Raven", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Michel Foucault , the real power will always rely on the ignorance of its agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michel Foucault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adam Galinsky , along with several coauthors , found that when those who are reminded of their powerlessness are instructed to draw Es on their forehead , they are 3 times more likely to draw them such that they are legible to others than those who are reminded of their power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adam Galinsky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joe L. Kincheloe describes a \" cyber-literacy of power \" that is concerned with the forces that shape knowledge production and the construction and transmission of meaning , being more about engaging knowledge than \" mastering \" information , and a \" cyber-power literacy \" that is focused on transformative knowledge production and new modes of accountability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe L. Kincheloe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchicine is also used as an anti-inflammatory agent for long-term treatment of Behçet 's disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Behçet 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears to have limited effect in relapsing polychondritis , as it may only be useful for the treatment of chondritis and mild skin symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "relapsing polychondritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [37, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchicine is effective for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long-term ( prophylactic ) regimens of oral colchicine are absolutely contraindicated in people with advanced kidney failure ( including those on dialysis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which may include neuromuscular toxicity and rhabdomyolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes kidney damage , which causes low urine output and bloody urine ; low white blood cell counts that can last for several days ; anemia ; muscular weakness ; liver failure ; hepatomegaly ; bone marrow suppression ; thrombocytopenia ; and ascending paralysis leading to potentially fatal respiratory failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "low white blood cell counts", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [79, 106]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [140, 146]}, {"entity": "liver failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "bone marrow suppression", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [200, 223]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [226, 242]}, {"entity": "respiratory failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [298, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurologic symptoms are also evident , including seizures , confusion , and delirium ; children may experience hallucinations .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recovery may begin within six to eight days and begins with rebound leukocytosis and alopecia as organ functions return to normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocytosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "alopecia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchicine may be purified from \" Colchicum autumnale \" ( autumn crocus ) or \" Gloriosa superba \" ( glory lily ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchicum autumnale", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "Gloriosa superba", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was Graham Arnold 's first signing since becoming coach of the club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graham Arnold", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title is known for its intense difficulty , which contributes to its reputation as a black sheep in the franchise .", "entity": [{"entity": "black sheep", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1994 a film inspired by the book was directed by Zalman King .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zalman King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was eventually released by Leeds United F.C. after five years at the club and was signed up on a \" pay as you play \" contract by Celtic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leeds United F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "Celtic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a fan of the Montreal Expos and Montreal Canadiens throughout his childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Expos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Montreal Canadiens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He saved 10 consecutive games before he suffered his first blown save on May 7 against the Atlanta Braves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father 's cousin , Paul Gagné , played several seasons in the NHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Gagné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "NHL", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was written and produced by George Michael , and has been covered by many artists since its original release .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was released for the first time as a physical single on a 2-track 12 \" vinyl through an exclusive Record Store Day release in November 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Record Store Day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Records by Ashley Tisdale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashley Tisdale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British singer Joe McElderry covered the song in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe McElderry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its high proper motion was noted by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander in 1842 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a member of the galactic halo ; such stars account for only 0.1 to 0.2 percent of the stars near the Sun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once suspected of being a binary star with a period of 175 days , current consensus is that it is single .", "entity": [{"entity": "binary star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When discovered , it had the highest proper motion of any star known , replacing 61 Cygni in that department .", "entity": [{"entity": "61 Cygni", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later it dropped to second place after the discovery of Kapteyn 's Star , and still later to third place after the discovery of Barnard 's Star .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kapteyn 's Star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Barnard 's Star", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He offered her money to come and help him look for rhubarb .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhubarb", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A. murrayana \" resembles \" Acacia dietrichiana \" but belongs to the \" A. murrayana \" group of wattles along with \" Acacia gelasina \" , \" Acacia praelongata \" , \" Acacia pachyacra \" and \" Acacia subrigida \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acacia gelasina", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "Acacia pachyacra", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [164, 180]}, {"entity": "Acacia subrigida", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [189, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widespread throughout Australia 's arid zone , occurring on sand ridges and in disturbed areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The children 's book tells the story of a bull who would rather smell flowers than fight in bullfights .", "entity": [{"entity": "bull", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book was released less than two months after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War , and was seen by many supporters of Francisco Franco as a pacifist book .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "Francisco Franco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 3D feature-length computer-animated film adaptation , titled \" Ferdinand \" , was released on December 15 , 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferdinand", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played in a reserve game against Manchester City but was substituted at half-time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While reviews were fairly positive , there were quite a few complaints concerning the gameplay , many criticisms stemming from a 2001 video that was included with many of Microsoft 's first-party launch titles , in which the four characters complete a mission by using their unique skills in unison to achieve goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microsoft", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also active as a journalist , playwright , literary and art critic , composer and film director , he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishment Dada movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dada", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Julius Evola also grew disappointed by the movement 's total rejection of tradition and began his personal search for an alternative , pursuing a path which later led him to esotericism and fascism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julius Evola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marxist thinker Henri Lefebvre reviewed them enthusiastically ; he later became one of the author 's friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri Lefebvre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This perspective was deplored early on by the modernist critic Perpessicius .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perpessicius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isidore Isou and Andrei Codrescu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isidore Isou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Andrei Codrescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was directed by Martin Campbell , produced by Gale Anne Hurd , and written by Joseph Dougherty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "Gale Anne Hurd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "Joseph Dougherty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original music score was composed by Curt Sobel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curt Sobel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the brother of Kabamba Musasa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kabamba Musasa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Coates and Helen Shaver also star .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Coates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Helen Shaver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "vocalist Petra Haden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Petra Haden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Hypnenated-man \" consists of 30 short songs inspired by the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hieronymus Bosch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album is a charitable compilation with proceeds going to Planned Parenthood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Planned Parenthood", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game is linked to \" Heavy Metal \" magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heavy Metal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , there were more than 20 satellite stations that rebroadcast one or more of the primary stations , and that included one or more clandestine locations in Laos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laos", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only viewers enjoying color right now are those watching the pilot color TV station in Bremerhaven , which went on the air in … 1975 \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bremerhaven", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Table of AFN-transmitters in Saudi Arabia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May 9 , he signed with the Toronto Blue Jays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species is found at high altitudes from central Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Ecuador", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "Bolivia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he met his contemporary , Richard Burton , and together they joined the Royal Air Force in October 1944 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Royal Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first of these , \" Underground \" ( 1958 ) , one of the lead actors died during the live performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Underground", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a subject of the television programme \" This Is Your Life \" in 1972 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews .", "entity": [{"entity": "This Is Your Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "Eamonn Andrews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the TV shows and both films were written by Johnny Speight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnny Speight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He suffered a mild stroke in August 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" banana boat \" is a traditional campfire treat consisting of a banana cut lengthwise and stuffed with marshmallow and chocolate , then wrapped in aluminium foil and cooked in the embers left over from a campfire .", "entity": [{"entity": "banana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "marshmallow", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "chocolate", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes the banana boat is topped with caramel sauce prior to cooking .", "entity": [{"entity": "caramel", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was announced as the new head coach on 7 October 2019 , following the departure of Trevor Bayliss at the end of the 2019 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trevor Bayliss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , Miklós Horthy ruled as regent until 1944 , in a kingdom without a king .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miklós Horthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family is known to have resided in Cascais during their exodus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cascais", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , he visited Vienna on 5 July 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vienna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2013 , he joined AS Kaloum Star .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS Kaloum Star", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also a land route over the Western Ghats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western Ghats", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is about away from Thiruvananthapuram , away from Kochi and away from Kozhikode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiruvananthapuram", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "Kochi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Kozhikode", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily domestic flight services are available such major cities as Mumbai , Hyderabad , Chennai , Visakhapatnam , Delhi , Bangalore and Kochi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mumbai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Hyderabad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Chennai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Visakhapatnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Delhi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "Bangalore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Kochi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International flight services connecting to Sharjah , Dubai , Abu Dhabi , Bahrain , Kuwait , Muscat , Malé , Doha , Singapore and Colombo are available from here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharjah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Dubai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Abu Dhabi", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Muscat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Malé", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "Doha", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "Singapore", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "Colombo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He took the wicket of Brad Hodge by bowling him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brad Hodge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also allows the player , like in the \" Mega Man \" series , to select any stage at will .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mega Man", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also served as a director of football at Vojvodina in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vojvodina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was signed for the club on 13 July 2004 for £ 5.3 million by José Mourinho .", "entity": [{"entity": "José Mourinho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He wore the number 9 shirt left vacant by Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink 's transfer to Middlesbrough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first goal came on 4 December 2004 in a 4 – 0 victory over Newcastle United at home , with an injury time penalty after coming on as a substitute in the 61st minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newcastle United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not score again until 11 March 2005 in a 3 – 1 away victory over Norwich City , who were relegated at the end of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norwich City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He blamed the hot weather and long travel to go to Jayapura as one of the factors why his team could not progress further .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jayapura", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after being on the pitch for about 90 seconds , he was sent off following a rash tackle on Erik Mykland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erik Mykland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to stroke , peptic ulcer disease , and esophageal reflux .", "entity": [{"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "peptic ulcer disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single was a commercial success in a number of countries , but was compared immediately to the teen pop singers Christina Aguilera , Jessica Simpson , and Britney Spears .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christina Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "Jessica Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "Britney Spears", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes reported that 47 % of 113 sampled critics gave the film positive reviews and that it got a rating average of 5.2 out of 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 7 % rating and a critical consensus of \" broad and formulaic \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later that year , she co-starred with Billy Crudup , Tom Wilkinson and Dianne Wiest in the romantic comedy \" Dedication \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Billy Crudup", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Tom Wilkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Dianne Wiest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received 41 % positive reviews , based on 46 reviews .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recording sessions for the album took place around December 2008 in Boston , Massachusetts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was shot in the United Kingdom in 2009 and was released in 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotten Tomatoes reported that 89 % of critics have given the film a positive review based on 185 reviews , with an average score of 7.5 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joni Mitchell , Todd Rundgren , Harry Nilsson , McCartney - that 's the sort of stuff I 'm really inspired and influenced by \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joni Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Todd Rundgren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "Harry Nilsson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "McCartney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She served as a spokesperson by helping young people be aware of the seriousness of leukemia and lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band then lost percussionist Marcus Malone , who was charged with involuntary manslaughter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcus Malone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its set was one of the surprises of the festival , highlighted by an eleven-minute performance of a throbbing instrumental , \" Soul Sacrifice \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soul Sacrifice", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [127, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had become fascinated with Gábor Szabó , Miles Davis , Pharoah Sanders , and John Coltrane , as well as developing a growing interest in spirituality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gábor Szabó", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Miles Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Pharoah Sanders", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "John Coltrane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also assisting on keyboards were Wendy Haas and Tom Coster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wendy Haas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Tom Coster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the unsettling influx of new players in the studio , Gregg Rolie and Neal Schon decided that it was time to leave after the completion of the album , even though both contributed to the session .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gregg Rolie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Neal Schon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When \" Caravanserai \" did emerge in 1972 , it marked a strong change in musical direction towards jazz fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caravanserai", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A collaboration with John Coltrane 's widow , Alice Coltrane , \" Illuminations \" ( 1974 ) , followed .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Coltrane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Alice Coltrane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Illuminations", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band recorded one studio album \" Borboletta \" , which was released in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Borboletta", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drummer Leon \" Ndugu \" Chancler later joined the band as a replacement for Michael Shrieve , who left to pursue a solo career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leon \" Ndugu \" Chancler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "Michael Shrieve", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this time , Bill Graham 's management company had assumed responsibility for the affairs of the group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two were married in December 2010 , and currently live in Las Vegas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Las Vegas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They sometimes school with other tuna species and mixed schools of small yellowfin , and skipjack tuna , in particular , are commonplace .", "entity": [{"entity": "skipjack tuna", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like all tunas , their body shape is particularly adapted for speed , enabling them to pursue and capture fast-moving baitfish such as flying fish , sauries , and mackerel .", "entity": [{"entity": "flying fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "mackerel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In turn , yellowfin are preyed upon when young by other pelagic hunters , including larger tuna , seabirds , and predatory fishes such as wahoo , shark , and billfish .", "entity": [{"entity": "wahoo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "billfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pole-and-line fishing is still carried out today in the Maldives , Ghana , the Canary Islands , Madeira , and the Azores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maldives", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "Canary Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "Madeira", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Azores", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter practice in particular has a major ecological impact because of the high proportion of bycatch , including manta rays , sea turtles , pelagic sharks , billfish , and other threatened marine species taken by setting nets around logs and other floating objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "bycatch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "billfish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the commercial catch is canned , but the \" sashimi \" marketplace adds significant demand for high-quality fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "sashimi", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Longlining has since been adopted by other fishermen , most notably South Korea , Taiwan , and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yellowfin tuna is also a highly prized catch in the offshore sport fisheries of South Africa , Australia , and New Zealand .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was improved to cover the general locally compact abelian groups by Egbert van Kampen in 1935 and André Weil in 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egbert van Kampen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "André Weil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are native in tropical and southern Africa to Asia , and naturalised in Australia and the Pacific as well as being widely cultivated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Pacific", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Australia , \" scattered naturalized populations exist in the understorey of coastal dry sclerophyll forest and sand dune vegetation throughout south-east Queensland and New South Wales \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [157, 167]}, {"entity": "New South Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shawne Merriman received six votes , and the winner of the award in 2005 , Brian Urlacher of the Chicago Bears , received four votes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shawne Merriman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Brian Urlacher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "Chicago Bears", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a First-team selection at defensive end along with Bill Stanfill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Stanfill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 1 , 2006 , the Tampa Bay Devil Rays signed him to a minor league contract and invited him to spring training for the 2007 season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tampa Bay Devil Rays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program premiered on September 4 , 1972 , on CBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Barker was the series ' longest-running host from its 1972 debut until his retirement in June 2007 , when Drew Carey took over .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Barker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Drew Carey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April 2011 , George Gray became the announcer .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show has used several models , most notably Anitra Ford , Janice Pennington , Dian Parkinson , Holly Hallstrom and Kathleen Bradley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anitra Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Janice Pennington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "Dian Parkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Holly Hallstrom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "Kathleen Bradley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the departures of Nikki Ziering , Heather Kozar and Claudia Jordan in the 2000 s , producers decided to use a rotating cast of models ( up to ten ) until the middle of season 37 , after which the show reverted to five regular models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nikki Ziering", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Heather Kozar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Claudia Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The game show production team of Mark Goodson and Bill Todman was responsible for producing the original as well as the revival versions of the game show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Goodson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Bill Todman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roger Dobkowitz was the producer from 1984 to 2008 , having worked with the program as a production staffer since the show 's debut after graduating from San Francisco State University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Dobkowitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "San Francisco State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show 's staff alerts potential contestantsin person , on the show 's website and on the tickets themselvesto dress in \" street clothes \" and not to wear costumes , such as those used to attract attention on \" Let 's Make a Deal \" , another show that featured contestants selected from the audience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Let 's Make a Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [213, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intervening week offered a second episode of \" Let 's Make a Deal \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Let 's Make a Deal", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Online voting determined the winner , and James O'Halloran became the newest cast member .", "entity": [{"entity": "James O'Halloran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also was featured in a recurring role on \" Murder , She Wrote \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Murder , She Wrote", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vagrants are occasionally recorded from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 76]}, {"entity": "Zambia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was head coach with the Golden State Warriors from 1999 to 2001 , a tenure of 105 games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden State Warriors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother , Maria , was the illegitimate daughter of Edward Walpole and granddaughter of Robert Walpole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Edward Walpole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Robert Walpole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fear of the number 13 has a specifically recognized phobia , triskaidekaphobia , a word coined in 1911 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phobia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday the 13th has been considered an unlucky day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday the 13th", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In astronomy there are 13 star constellations in the zodiac ( including Ophiuchus ) ; this can be compared with astrology where there are 12 signs of the zodiac .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ophiuchus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several parts of the river 's course are protected by national parks and other reserves like the Emas National Park and the Araguaia National Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emas National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "Araguaia National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following his 1977 album , \" JT \" , he has retained a large audience over the decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "JT", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He enjoyed a resurgence in chart performance during the late 1990 s and 2000 s , when he recorded some of his most-awarded work ( including \" Hourglass \" , \" October Road \" , and \" Covers \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hourglass", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "October Road", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "Covers", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [181, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father came from a wealthy family from the South .", "entity": [{"entity": "South", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "org with the goal of mobilizing people to vote for John Kerry and against George W. Bush in that year 's presidential campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Kerry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting live-in-studio album , named \" Covers \" , was released in September 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Covers", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in 2011 in the ABC comedy \" Mr. Sunshine \" as the ex-husband of the character played by Allison Janney , and performs a duet of sorts on Leon Russell 's 1970 classic \" A Song for You \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Mr. Sunshine", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Allison Janney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "Leon Russell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "A Song for You", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [180, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a young age , she made her way to Paris , France , where her appearance opened doors and she obtained work as a singer at one of the city 's café-concerts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1915 , she returned to her native Italy to make motion pictures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They inhabited the area on the banks of Lake Victoria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lake Victoria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the east and southeast is the Baltic Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baltic Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Ronald Reagan announced his engagement to Jane Wyman at the theater .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Jane Wyman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Theatre Organ Society restored the organ in 1970 , which had expanded the organ from 26 to 29 ranks by that time .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Theatre Organ Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He settled in London .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also the first Commissioner of the Niagara Parks Commission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niagara Parks Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On February 2 , he signed a 10-day contract with the Detroit Pistons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Pistons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day later , he made his debut in a 109 – 104 loss to the Sioux Falls Skyforce , recording 21 points , 6 rebounds , 6 assists and three steals in 32 minutes of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sioux Falls Skyforce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At its greatest extent , it may have covered as much as , larger than any currently existing lake in the world ( including the Caspian Sea ) and approximately the area of the Black Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caspian Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Black Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It lies within sight of Kamchatka Krai 's administrative center , Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kamchatka Krai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas less common adverse effects include Stevens–Johnson syndrome , anaphylaxis and blood dyscrasias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stevens–Johnson syndrome", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [44, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also played one season for the Cleveland Indians in 1966 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 , he finished his 11-year major league career playing for three teams : The Houston Astros , Detroit Tigers , and the Boston Red Sox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houston Astros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Detroit Tigers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Boston Red Sox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played the next season at Michigan State University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michigan State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The partnership between two batsmen will come to an end when one of them is dismissed or retires , or the innings comes to a close ( usually due to victory being achieved , a declaration , a time or over limit being reached , or the match being abandoned in mid-innings for inclement weather or , exceptionally , dangerous playing conditions ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "innings", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albatrosses and petrels are threatened by introduced species on their breeding islands , pollution , and by being taken as bycatch by longline fisheries , as well as by trawl and gillnet fisheries .", "entity": [{"entity": "bycatch", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first round , she matched up against skateboarder Tony Hawk and rodeo champion Ty Murray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Hawk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Ty Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This feat was not really acknowledged during the night because Martin Brodeur reached Patrick Roy 's 551 victories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Brodeur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Patrick Roy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the American Civil War , she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "Union Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had to check the muskrat traps in nearby marshes , even after contracting measles .", "entity": [{"entity": "muskrat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "measles", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surrounded by friends and family members , she died of pneumonia in 1913 .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a pro scout for the Chicago Blackhawks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago Blackhawks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A free agent during the following off-season , he signed a one-year deal with the Pittsburgh Penguins on July 31 , 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On August 11 , he struck out three batters ( Tony Horton , Don Demeter and Duke Sims ) on nine pitches in the second inning of a 5 – 3 win over the Cleveland Indians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Horton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "Don Demeter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "Duke Sims", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Indians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not a disease in itself , but a symptom of other diseases , including Paget 's disease , fibrous dysplasia , hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paget 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "hyperparathyroidism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "renal osteodystrophy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [139, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 21 August , against Beira-Mar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beira-Mar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 10 August 1999 , he played his last match , an off season friendly against Bayern Munich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bayern Munich", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2000 , he suggested the club approach José Mourinho to become the head coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "José Mourinho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six days later , he made his debut in a 1 – 0 win against Oudenaarde .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oudenaarde", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before devoting himself to music full-time , he worked as a paste up artist for the \" Los Angeles Daily Journal \" legal newspaper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Daily Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His drug use did not end after his sentence , but increased , and he moved into a hotel room for two months , next door to Courtney Love , where she said he \" shot drugs the whole time \" with her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Courtney Love", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The publisher did not pay its writers and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dylan Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "Philip Larkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Fasciola gigantica \" is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda , which causes tropical fascioliasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "flatworm", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is regarded as one of the most important single platyhelminth infections of ruminants in Asia and Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimates of infection rates are as high as 80 – 100 % in some countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of \" F. gigantica \" often overlaps with that of \" Fasciola hepatica \" , and the two species are so closely related in terms of genetics , behaviour , and morphological and anatomical structures that distinguishing them is notoriously difficult .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fasciola hepatica", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nabilone has shown modest effectiveness in relieving fibromyalgia .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibromyalgia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main settings that have seen published clinical trials of nabilone include movement disorders such as parkinsonism , chronic pain , dystonia and spasticity neurological disorders , multiple sclerosis , and the nausea of cancer chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "parkinsonism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "dystonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "spasticity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nabilone is also effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease , especially ulcerative colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammatory bowel disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [47, 73]}, {"entity": "ulcerative colitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [87, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the treatment of fibromyalgia , adverse effects limit the useful dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibromyalgia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's first singer was Stephen Duffy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen Duffy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990 s they worked with Vivienne Westwood and in the 2000 s with Giorgio Armani .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vivienne Westwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "Giorgio Armani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band retained creative control of their visual presentation having worked closely with graphic designer Malcolm Garrett and many others over the years to create album covers , tour programs and other materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malcolm Garrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A newly decadent lifestyle and substance abuse issues for some members added complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "substance abuse", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contributors to that album included guitarist Masami Tsuchiya , bassist Mark Egan , percussionist David Van Tieghem , drummer Steve Jordan , Sting , Herbie Hancock , and David Gilmour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Masami Tsuchiya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Mark Egan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "David Van Tieghem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 115]}, {"entity": "Steve Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "Sting", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 146]}, {"entity": "Herbie Hancock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "David Gilmour", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [170, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally in late 1987 , Sterling Campbell was hired as a session drummer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sterling Campbell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , the band released the cover album \" Thank You \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thank You", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dom Brown , who had previously toured with the band , again took over guitar duties and has been performing with them since .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dom Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dom Brown is the featured guitarist on the album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dom Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2007 , the band performed twice at Wembley Stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wembley Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are reports were reportedly sold through the famed art dealer Daniel Wildenstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Wildenstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , the couple settled near Versoix , Switzerland , where they would live for the next 45 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Versoix", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrogen burning on the white dwarf ended two years later , in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "white dwarf", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He resigned the position on 9 January 1912 after refusing to confirm to President Clemenceau statements made by Premier Caillaux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clemenceau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "Caillaux", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There he was besieged by the king 's forces , after which Archbishop Hubert Walter with a number of the clergy got him away and kept him for some time in his court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hubert Walter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became involved in politics , initially supporting Fine Gael .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fine Gael", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The then Minister for Enterprise , Trade and Employment Micheál Martin , said he was sad to learn of his cabinet colleague 's decision to resign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Micheál Martin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broad-winged hawks have a wide range in North America and South America , from southern Canada to southern Brazil .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exterior shots were filmed at a precinct in Brooklyn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She created the daytime talk show \" The Queen Latifah Show \" , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Queen Latifah Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jill Scott , Erykah Badu , Joe Sample , George Duke , Christian McBride , and Stevie Wonder made guest appearances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jill Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Erykah Badu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Joe Sample", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "George Duke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Christian McBride", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "Stevie Wonder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also has a song with Missy Elliott .", "entity": [{"entity": "Missy Elliott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also had her own talk show , \" The Queen Latifah Show \" , from 1999 to 2001 and revamped in 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Queen Latifah Show", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It starred , among others , John Travolta , Michelle Pfeiffer , Allison Janney , James Marsden , Christopher Walken , and Zac Efron .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Travolta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Michelle Pfeiffer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "Allison Janney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "James Marsden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Christopher Walken", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "Zac Efron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show will undergo a reboot with a new cast and Brett Matthews serving as show runner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brett Matthews", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 24 , 2019 , it was confirmed that the third season is scheduled to premiere over three nights on VH1 , starting from July 8 , 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VH1", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received her J.D. degree from the University of Texas School of Law in 1967 ( age 24 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Texas School of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 she also voted against including oil and gas smokestacks in the Environmental Protection Agency 's mercury regulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a supporter of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation where she is an honorary board member .", "entity": [{"entity": "Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was activated on 10 September 1948 at Fort Lewis , Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort Lewis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , the regimental headquarters was located in Regensburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Regensburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is some evidence that buspirone on its own may be useful in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder ( HSDD ) in women .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoactive sexual desire disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [83, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buspirone is not effective as a treatment for benzodiazepine withdrawal , barbiturate withdrawal , or alcohol withdrawal / delirium tremens .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium tremens", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [123, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SSRI and SNRI antidepressants such as paroxetine and venlafaxine may cause jaw pain / jaw spasm reversible syndrome ( although it is not common ) , and buspirone appears to be successful in treating bruxism on SSRI / SNRI-induced jaw clenching .", "entity": [{"entity": "bruxism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "receptors are blocked and antidopaminergic effects such as hypoactivity and reduced stereotypy , though notably not catalepsy , are observed in animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoactivity", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buspirone was first synthesized , by a team at Mead Johnson , in 1968 , It was initially developed as an antipsychotic drug acting on the D receptor , but was found to be ineffective in the treatment of psychosis and was repurposed as an anxiolytic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mead Johnson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [203, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some tentative research supports other uses such as the treatment of depression and behavioral problems following brain damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is also the Hannah Arendt Chair at the European Graduate School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hannah Arendt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "European Graduate School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stood as candidate in 1874 for in 1874 , but dropped out just before the election , despite support from Octavia Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Octavia Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is associated with the novelists of the \" muscular school \" , a loose classification but centred on the fiction of the Crimean War period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crimean War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The school 's mascot is a badger .", "entity": [{"entity": "badger", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then in 2008 , it was added to Toon Disney 's programming lineup , becoming their first live-action comedy program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toon Disney", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show , including songs from Ashley Tisdale , Brenda Song , Jesse McCartney , and Raven-Symoné .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashley Tisdale", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Brenda Song", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Jesse McCartney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "Raven-Symoné", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Great Depression , she took her show on the road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was banned from France under labor technicalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bandleader Paul Whiteman was a pallbearer along with two of her former lawyers and writer Heywood Broun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Whiteman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "Heywood Broun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film stars Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eddie Murphy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Martin Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supporting cast includes Ned Beatty , R. Lee Ermey , Obba Babatundé , Bernie Mac , Anthony Anderson , Miguel A. Núñez Jr. , Bokeem Woodbine , Guy Torry , Michael Taliferro and Barry Shabaka Henley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ned Beatty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "R. Lee Ermey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Obba Babatundé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Bernie Mac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Anthony Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "Miguel A. Núñez Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 125]}, {"entity": "Bokeem Woodbine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "Guy Torry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "Michael Taliferro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 175]}, {"entity": "Barry Shabaka Henley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He intends to give them a pardon , but dies of a heart attack that same night before he can do so .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film concludes by revealing the two are again on good terms , free and living together in Harlem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harlem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 50 % based on reviews from 54 critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also transmitted again on BBC2 as part of that station 's twenty-fifth anniversary season in 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC2", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It follows the group as they set off from Liverpool to undertake a casual tarmac laying job on a new housing development in Middlesbrough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Middlesbrough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two types of sugar used interchangeably are rock sugar and sliced sugar ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "rock sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unsweetened red bean porridge made with red beans and rice is eaten across China and East Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "East Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , the duo travelled to the United States to perform on the poetry circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a musical background : his father , Edward Boatner , was a baritone singer , composer , and college music professor ; his brother was a classically trained pianist , and his mother was a piano teacher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Boatner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on the \" Salt and Pepper \" album in 1964 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salt and Pepper", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1966 and \" Parallel-a-Stitt \" in 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parallel-a-Stitt", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", which was and still is regarded by many jazz critics , such as Scott Yanow , as his definitive record .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Yanow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This frequently used , classic example of a garden-path sentence is attributed to Thomas Bever .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Bever", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reservoir is mainly in southwest Wyoming and partially in northeastern Utah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wyoming", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Utah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bay has rich cockle beds , which have been fished by locals for generations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cockle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bridge would be long making it the longest bridge in Europe and creating over 10,000 high paid jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would stretch from Heysham to Barrow-in-Furness , at the bay 's mouth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heysham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Barrow-in-Furness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" tiao-kuai \" ( ) system , also known as \" tiáotiáo-kuàikuài \" ( ) to emphasize the plurality , describes the quasi-federal arrangement of administration in the People 's Republic of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "People 's Republic of China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analogous situation can be seen in federal systems such as the United States where the federal and state governments operate in parallel , but neither has the authority to command the other in relation to reserve powers or federal powers expressly delegated to the national government .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His network to freedom also included agents in New Jersey , New York , New England and Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "New England", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conductor Harriet Tubman traveled through his office with fellow passengers on several occasions during the 1850 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harriet Tubman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially a \" de facto \" military dictator , after the parliamentary elections he passed his powers to the newly elected parliament , which in turn decided to submit the area to Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoted to three-star general in 1923 , he served as an \" army inspector \" , or a commander of a military district of the capital city of Warsaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was married to early silent film actress Shirley Palmer in 1936 ; they were divorced .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shirley Palmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the stories of P. G. Wodehouse , they are perfectly constructed and feature a brilliant literary craftsmanship that can easily escape notice .", "entity": [{"entity": "P. G. Wodehouse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of this he is still depicted as quite young for a man who has competed against drivers of multiple generations , including Juan Manuel Fangio , Graham Hill and Ayrton Senna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juan Manuel Fangio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "Graham Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "Ayrton Senna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His main occupation is to drive in the Formula 1 Championship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Formula 1 Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her portfolios were taken over by Ella Vogelaar ( integration ) and Nebahat Albayrak ( immigration ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ella Vogelaar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Nebahat Albayrak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her direct competitors in the leadership election were staatssecretaris of Education Mark Rutte and MP Jelleke Veenendaal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Rutte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "Jelleke Veenendaal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he returned , he was 12 points behind Buffalo 's Pat LaFontaine in the scoring race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buffalo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Pat LaFontaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brodiaea \" species are herbaceous perennials , growing from corms .", "entity": [{"entity": "herbaceous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "perennials", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species such as \" B. \" californica \" and \" B. \" coronaria \" are recommended for sunny positions in the garden , where they extend the flowering season of most ornamental bulbs , flowering in early summer rather than in spring .", "entity": [{"entity": "B. \" californica", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smaller species , such as \" B. \" terrestris \" , may be grown in a bulb frame or alpine house .", "entity": [{"entity": "B. \" terrestris", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The committee is legally a member organization funded by its members and by the Nordic Council through external project funding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordic Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This he put to account when the amnesty of 1866 enabled him to return to Germany .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychologist Linda Gottfredson criticises the unempirical nature of triarchic theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linda Gottfredson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He won inter-school championships in Kisii when he was 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kisii", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His teammates were Daniel Rudisha , Naftali Bon and Charles Asati .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daniel Rudisha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Naftali Bon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Charles Asati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The black-and-white music video directed by Ray Kay featured cameo appearances by several rappers and singers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ray Kay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also added 24 points against Syracuse on February 8 , 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syracuse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In discussions about space and time , the name relationalism ( or relationism ) refers to Leibniz 's relationist notion of space and time as against Newton 's substantivalist views .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leibniz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Newton ’s substantivalism , space and time are entities in their own right , existing independently of things .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Producer Bob Ezrin helped to refine the concept and bridge tensions during recording , as the band were struggling with personal and financial issues at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Ezrin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With over 24 million copies sold , it is the second best-selling album in the band 's catalogue ( behind \" The Dark Side of the Moon \" ) and one of the best-selling albums of all time .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Dark Side of the Moon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [107, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the outtakes from the recording sessions were used on the group 's next album , \" The Final Cut \" ( 1983 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Final Cut", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bassist and singer-songwriter Roger Waters despised the experience , feeling the audience was not listening and that many were too far away to see the band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Waters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After learning of his wife 's infidelity , he brings the groupie back to his hotel room , only to trash it in a violent fit of rage , terrifying the groupie out of the room ( \" One of My Turns \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "One of My Turns", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [177, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All tracks written by Roger Waters , except where noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Waters", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same year , he guest starred in season 10 of \" Curb Your Enthusiasm \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His third great-grandfather , David Olyphant , and great-great-grandfather , Robert Morrison Olyphant , were both prominent businessmen .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Olyphant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Robert Morrison Olyphant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with Christina Applegate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christina Applegate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his 100th appearance for the club away to Blackpool on 8 August 2009 , keeping a clean sheet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackpool", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After this permanent move , he was initially second choice behind Nicky Weaver before taking over as first choice in a 3 – 1 win against Scunthorpe United on 24 January 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicky Weaver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Scunthorpe United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 15 August 2014 , he joined Gillingham on loan until 3 January as cover for the injured Stuart Nelson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gillingham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Stuart Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Shoreham-by-Sea , Sussex , aged 90 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shoreham-by-Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "Sussex", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two weeks ' prevarication he settled on Canberra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canberra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother Cyril Cameron was a Protectionist Party Senator contemporaneously with his service as MHR , 1901 – 1903 then from 1906 – 1913 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyril Cameron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Protectionist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first season , Burnie Burns would typically write an episode script on a Sunday afternoon before the episode was to be released on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burnie Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this , they teamed up with animator Monty Oum , a fan of the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monty Oum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group named these \" videos \" \" Diary of a Camper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diary of a Camper", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Paul Marino noted that \" the series proved so popular that it not only transcended the typical gamer , it also claimed fans outside the gaming world \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Marino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Video content has now moved to streaming , with initial releases occurring through the website directly , followed by YouTube later on .", "entity": [{"entity": "YouTube", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On January 8 , 2007 , the release of episode 87 , Matt Hullum announced that videos would be viewable using Adobe Flash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Hullum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Adobe Flash", "entity_type": "instrument", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" Conducător \" refused , and was promptly arrested by soldiers of the guard , being replaced as Premier with General Constantin Sănătescu , who presided over a national government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constantin Sănătescu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to Salonika \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salonika", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , his preferred military structures functioned in cooperation with a bureaucracy inherited from the National Renaissance Front .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Renaissance Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of his permanent support base comprised former National Christian Party members , to the point where he was seen as successor to Octavian Goga .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Christian Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "Octavian Goga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These overcrowded and sealed Romanian Railways cattle wagons circled the countryside in the extreme heat of the summer , and periodically stopped to unload the dead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romanian Railways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also had sporadic contacts with the artistic and literary environment , including an interview he awarded to his supporter , writer Ioan Alexandru Brătescu-Voinești .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ioan Alexandru Brătescu-Voinești", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its mission is to take a single family on a five-and-a-half-year journey to an Earthlike planet orbiting the star Alpha Centauri .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alpha Centauri", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This season had a different set of opening credits and a new theme tune , which had been composed by John Williams as part of the show 's new direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first season 's personal issue laser gun was a film prop modified from a toy semi-automatic pistol made by Remco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Remco", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series ' deliberate fantasy elements , were perhaps overlooked as it drew comparisons to its supposed rival , \" Star Trek \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Trek", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other top contenders were \" The Big Valley \" , \" Get Smart \" , \" I Dream of Jeannie \" and \" F Troop \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Big Valley", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "Get Smart", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "I Dream of Jeannie", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "F Troop", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The open and closing theme music was written by John Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be reached by ferry from Wemyss Bay which offers an onward rail link to Glasgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wemyss Bay", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The war memorial ( 1922 ) is by Pilkington Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilkington Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bibliophilia is not to be confused with bibliomania , a potential symptom of obsessive–compulsive disorder involving the collecting of books to the extent that interpersonal relations or health may be negatively affected , and in which the mere fact that a physical object is a book is sufficient for it to be collected or beloved .", "entity": [{"entity": "obsessive–compulsive disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has scored fourteen tries in twelve appearances for his nation , including nine tries in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 Rugby League World Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [96, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Kingsley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One visitor , Nathuram Godse , shoots him point blank in the chest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathuram Godse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was also criticised by some right-wing commentators who objected to the film 's advocacy of nonviolence , including Pat Buchanan , Emmett Tyrrell , and especially Richard Grenier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Buchanan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "Emmett Tyrrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 154]}, {"entity": "Richard Grenier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named after Étienne Bézout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Étienne Bézout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presently , following Jean-Pierre Serre , a multiplicity is generally defined as the length of a local ring associated with the point where the multiplicity is considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Pierre Serre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played collegiately at the University of Louisville .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Louisville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He decided to attend his hometown school , the University of Louisville , much to the delight of local fans .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Louisville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He switched to cars the next year , driving for Auto Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auto Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Giovanni Ribisi and Anna Faris also feature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Ribisi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Anna Faris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 95 % based on 231 reviews , with an average rating of 8.4 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explain such patterns , one might conclude , per Aristotle , According to this argument , the interaction of each part with its immediate surroundings causes a complex chain of processes that can lead to order in some form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael J. Pearce has used emergence to describe the experience of works of art in relation to contemporary neuroscience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael J. Pearce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Practicing artist Leonel Moura , in turn , attributes to his \" artbots \" a real , if nonetheless rudimentary , creativity based on emergent principles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonel Moura", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Anglican Communion has been divided over the issue of homosexuality in several ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anglican Communion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2002 , he joined Rotherham United in a £ 50,000 deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotherham United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2008 , he joined Doncaster Rovers on a two-year deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doncaster Rovers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to the Keepmoat Stadium at the end of the 2008 – 09 season , though sat out the end of the campaign after undergoing a hernia operation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keepmoat Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after four appearances with no goals , he left Boundary Park on 25 August .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boundary Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He formed an effective partnership with Troy Deeney , and won praise from coach Mick Kearns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Troy Deeney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Mick Kearns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2012 he signed for Solihull Moors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solihull Moors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a squad member for the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup .", "entity": [{"entity": "2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It includes numerous streams and well-springs , three major glacial lakes near the river and more lakes scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora in the wider area , mountains , peaks and forests , flora and fauna of the area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treskavica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "Zelengora", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and marble trout ( \" Salmo marmoratus \" Cuv . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salmo marmoratus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Old Bridge was commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1557 to replace an older wooden suspension bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Old Bridge", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction began in 1557 and took nine years : according to the inscription the bridge was completed in 974 AH , corresponding to the period between 19 July 1566 and 7 July 1567 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AH", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also stole 20 bases that season without ever being caught , one short of Kevin McReynolds ' 1988 major league record of 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin McReynolds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other four are Ty Cobb , Honus Wagner , Eddie Collins and Ichiro Suzuki .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ty Cobb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Honus Wagner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Eddie Collins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Ichiro Suzuki", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved to Hammarby IF as a youngster in 1977 at age 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hammarby IF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his tenure at the club he mostly served as a backup for Vítor Baía , Andrzej Woźniak , Silvino Louro and Henrique Hilário .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vítor Baía", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Andrzej Woźniak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "Silvino Louro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Henrique Hilário", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five years after retiring he moved to Wales .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wales", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a 104-degree fever he led his battalion to the relief of a rebel-besieged city , Granada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Granada", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The motion , known as the Patman bill , was decisively defeated , but the veterans stayed in their camp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family then moved to Redcliffe , in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia , and then to Cribb Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Redcliffe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Moreton Bay Region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "Queensland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Cribb Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before recording the first album , the group expanded to include Colin Petersen and Vince Melouney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colin Petersen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Vince Melouney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other artists who performed on that night 's show were Lucille Ball , George Hamilton and Fran Jeffries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucille Ball", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "George Hamilton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "Fran Jeffries", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting LP , \" Mr. Natural \" , included fewer ballads and foreshadowed the R&B direction of the rest of their career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mr. Natural", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This time the public agreed by sending the LP \" Main Course \" up the charts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Main Course", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was dancing to Stevie Wonder and Boz Scaggs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stevie Wonder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Boz Scaggs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also a 1981 hit for Conway Twitty , topping the country music charts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Conway Twitty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" , \" Secret Agent \" and \" Walls Have Eyes \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secret Agent", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "Walls Have Eyes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 10 March 1988 , younger brother Andy Gibb died , aged 30 , as a result of myocarditis , an inflammation of the heart muscle due to a recent viral infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Gibb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , he suffered from arthritis which , at one point , was so severe that it was doubtful that he would be able to play guitar for much longer .", "entity": [{"entity": "arthritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 26 May 2010 , the two made a surprise appearance on the ninth-season finale of \" American Idol \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Idol", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He occasionally appears with his son , Steve Gibb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Gibb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2001 , they were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vocal Group Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The central gimmick of the show , praised by Microsoft mogul Bill Gates as \" the first interactive TV show \" , was the use of a \" magic drawing screen \" - a piece of vinyl plastic that stuck to the television screen via static electricity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Microsoft", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Bill Gates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 64 % of critics gave the film a positive rating , based on 218 reviews , with an average score of 6.36 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filming began in February 2017 , and the short film was broadcast on BBC One on 24 March 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC One", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the post-season , he played his first two playoff games against the Toronto Maple Leafs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto Maple Leafs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that season he was traded to the Minnesota Wild for a fourth round draft pick , where he played until 2007 before being signed to a four-year contract with the Atlanta Thrashers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota Wild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Atlanta Thrashers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was all too much for manager Phil Taylor who resigned in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first attempt at promotion fell short again by eight points as Cardiff City finished second behind champions Aston Villa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiff City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While he had a good run in the first team , this came to an abrupt end when manager Stan Cullis was sacked and replaced by Andy Beattie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stan Cullis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "Andy Beattie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the second book of the \" Leatherstocking Tales \" pentalogy and the best known to contemporary audiences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leatherstocking Tales", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PMA is commonly synthesized from anethole , the flavor compound of anise and fennel , mainly because the starting material for MDMA , safrole , has become less available due to law enforcement action , causing illicit drug manufacturers to use anethole as an alternative .", "entity": [{"entity": "anise", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "fennel", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of PMA ingestion include many effects of the hallucinogenic amphetamines including accelerated and irregular heartbeat , blurred vision , and a strong feeling of intoxication that is often unpleasant .", "entity": [{"entity": "accelerated", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complications can sometimes include more serious symptoms such as rhabdomyolysis and cerebral hemorrhage , requiring emergency surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several deaths reported as MDMA-induced in Australia in the mid-1990 s are now considered to have been caused by PMA , the users unaware that they were ingesting PMA and not MDMA as they had intended .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first car produced by the company was the 1910 24 HP , designed by Giuseppe Merosi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giuseppe Merosi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His 100th career goal was scored against Arsenal at Goodison on 28 January 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Goodison", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he could not make his debut in the first game of the season against Mumbai City FC due to suspension in the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mumbai City FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He retired with 50 goals ( a national team record ) in 108 games ( the second highest , and just three behind Mark Schwarzer ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Schwarzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also distributed globally by Fox Kids and Jetix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox Kids", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Jetix", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within three years he was engineering major classical sessions for the prestigious Deutsche Grammophon label .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deutsche Grammophon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Bangkok , he gets in a fistfight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangkok", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Names to be highlighted are Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline , whose work include abstract and action painting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willem de Kooning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "Franz Kline", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst their main exponents are Günter Brus , Otto Muehl and Hermann Nitsch , who developed most of their actionist activities between 1960 and 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Günter Brus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Otto Muehl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Hermann Nitsch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some exhibitions by Joan Jonas and Vito Acconci were made entirely of video , activated by previous performative processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Jonas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Vito Acconci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joan Jonas started to include video in her experimental performances in 1972 , while Bruce Nauman scenified his acts to be directly recorded on video .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joan Jonas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Bruce Nauman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many artists since John Cage fuse performance with a poetical base .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Cage", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artist Eleanor Antin , creator in the 1970 s and 1980 s , worked on the topics of gender , raze and class .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eleanor Antin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cindy Sherman , in her first works in the seventies and already in her artistic maturity in the eighties , continues her critical line of overturning the imposed self , through her use of the body as an object of privilege .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cindy Sherman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance attracted celebrities such as Björk , Orlando Bloom and James Franco who participated and received media coverage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Björk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Orlando Bloom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "James Franco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Nations Development Programme in 2014 asserted that greater investments in social security , jobs and laws that protect vulnerable populations are necessary to prevent widening income inequality .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations Development Programme", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon Kuznets", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Economist Tyler Cowen has argued that though income inequality has increased within nations , globally it has fallen over the 20 years leading up to 2014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyler Cowen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OECD asserts that public spending is vital in reducing the ever-expanding wealth gap .", "entity": [{"entity": "OECD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The economists Emmanuel Saez and Thomas Piketty recommend much higher top marginal tax rates on the wealthy , up to 50 percent , 70 percent or even 90 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emmanuel Saez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Thomas Piketty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment may also be modeled after that for digitalis , which produces somewhat similar cardiotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "digitalis", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band 's next album was \" Ashtray Rock \" , released in April 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashtray Rock", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His album \" The Park Avenue Sobriety Test \" was released in March 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Park Avenue Sobriety Test", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well , in 2004 he made his television debut as a rock coach on the CBC Television documentary series \" Rock Camp \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBC Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Rock Camp", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played with Barney Kessel and Tim Buckley before leading his own band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barney Kessel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Tim Buckley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1985 , he released a solo album , \" Parallel Galaxy \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parallel Galaxy", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High and low game hunting is possible in the immediate surroundings or farther on the Dilj and mountain to the southwest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dilj", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 1507 , the explorer Diogo Fernandes Pereira discovered the island group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diogo Fernandes Pereira", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increasing disappearance of young calvaria trees , is suggested due to \" Cylindraspis \" tortoises , fruit bats or the broad-billed parrot could have been dispersing the seeds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cylindraspis", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genus \" Acerodon \" was described six years later in 1837 , with \" A. jubatus \" as the type species for the new genus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acerodon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only bat species known to weigh more than the giant golden-crowned flying fox are the Indian flying fox ( \" Pteropus medius \" ) and great flying fox ( \" Pteropus neohibernicus \" ) , with a maximum weight of and respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian flying fox", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "great flying fox", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [136, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The giant golden-crowned flying fox is endemic to the Philippines ; it was the first endemic species of that country to be described , which it was in 1831 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippines", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Osmania University campus is administered independently by the university authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osmania University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became secretary of state at the ministry of culture of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in November 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eagles of the genus \" Aquila \" are often the top birds of prey in open habitats , taking almost any medium-sized vertebrate they can catch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aquila", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "vertebrate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , many forest-dwelling eagles , including the very large harpy eagle , have relatively short wingspans , a feature necessary for being able to maneuver in quick , short bursts through densely forested habitats .", "entity": [{"entity": "harpy eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White-tailed eagle .", "entity": [{"entity": "White-tailed eagle", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The snake eagles are placed in the subfamily Circaetinae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Circaetinae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fish eagles , booted eagles , and harpy eagles have traditionally been placed in the subfamily Buteoninae together with the buzzard-hawks ( buteonine hawks ) and harriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buteoninae", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modern name \" golden eagle \" for \" aquila chrysaetos \" was introduced by the naturalist John Ray .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Ray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common dolphin was originally categorized into two different species , the short-beaked common dolphin and the long-beaked common dolphin .", "entity": [{"entity": "short-beaked common dolphin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 106]}, {"entity": "long-beaked common dolphin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [115, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Populations have been hunted off the coast of Peru for use as food and shark bait .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peru", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the next few years he made films with Marcel L'Herbier , Jean Epstein , and Abel Gance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcel L'Herbier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Jean Epstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Abel Gance", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of his death , he was engaged in a project with Jacques Prévert to write and direct a film which proved to be sufficiently radical to alarm some financial backers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jacques Prévert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long time Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi led it to a landslide victory in the 2014 general election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gujarat", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Narendra Modi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prominent among these was Deendayal Upadhyaya , who was appointed General Secretary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deendayal Upadhyaya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After assembly elections across the country in 1967 , the party entered into a coalition with several other parties , including the Swatantra Party and the socialists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swatantra Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1975 , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indira Gandhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Christophe Jaffrelot , this proved to be an impossible assimilation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christophe Jaffrelot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scholars such as Paul Brass , Martha Nussbaum and Dipankar Gupta have said that there was a high level of state complicity in the incidents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Brass", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Martha Nussbaum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "Dipankar Gupta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was criticised by opposition parties and scholars for being an infringement upon civil liberties , and the National Human Rights Commission of India stated that it had been used to target Muslims .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Human Rights Commission of India", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is named for the mathematician Eduard Čech .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eduard Čech", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four goals gave him a total of six in a 24-hour period - he had scored twice the previous night in Pittsburgh against the Penguins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "Penguins", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went to the University of Cincinnati and played for the Cincinnati Bearcats under the direction of head coach Bob Huggins .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Cincinnati", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati Bearcats", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "Bob Huggins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 he created an electronic music studio at the Royal College of Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal College of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1967 he created the first electronic music studio of the Royal College of Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal College of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Braham Murray directed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Braham Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also believed the states had an implied right to secede and that , legally , the Confederacy could not militarily be conquered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Confederacy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the ensuing war , he would become one of Lincoln 's most outspoken critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On June 1 , 1863 , another protest meeting was held in Philadelphia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He re-entered the draft and was selected 46th overall by Carolina Hurricanes in 2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carolina Hurricanes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extra factors of gameplay include a timer countdown and a number of health points , both of which can be restored by finding bottles of Lucozade among the levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucozade", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by Ricardinho of Corinthians , while Cafu replaced him as captain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricardinho", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Corinthians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Cafu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The breeding season call is a \" peewit \" , similar to northern lapwing .", "entity": [{"entity": "northern lapwing", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It breeds semi-colonially on inland marshes in Iraq , Iran and southern Russia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1920 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of his results is the strong converse to Claude Shannon 's coding theorem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claude Shannon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the lockout , he signed a four-year contract with the New York Islanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Islanders", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he was traded two months later on February 24 , 2007 , to the Atlanta Thrashers to add experience for playoffs , in exchange for Braydon Coburn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Thrashers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Braydon Coburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1965 he worked briefly as an election campaign manager for Ludwig Erhard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ludwig Erhard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shashlik was originally made of lamb , but nowadays it is also made of pork , beef , or venison , depending on local preferences and religious observances .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamb", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "pork", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "beef", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "venison", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meat is marinated overnight in an acidic marinade such as vinegar , lemon juice , sparkling water , dry wine or other fruit / vegetable juices with the addition of onions , pepper , salt , herbs and spices .", "entity": [{"entity": "wine", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also cooked in outdoor environments during social gatherings , similarly to barbecue in English-speaking countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "barbecue", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" viola organista \" is a musical instrument designed by Leonardo da Vinci .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonardo da Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died of a cocaine and heroin ( a \" speedball \" ) drug overdose on October 10 , 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "drug overdose", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "232 , he was released and finished his career with the Atlanta Braves , who moved him across the infield in an effort to fulfill their desire for a power-hitting first baseman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2016 , he was posthumously elected into the San Diego Padres Hall of Fame .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego Padres Hall of Fame", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary news reports indicated he died of a heart attack , but the autopsy results stated that \" acute intoxication due to the combined effects of cocaine and opiates \" caused his death , with coronary artery disease and cardiac hypertrophy ( an enlarged heart ) as contributing factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [197, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" Saturn-crosser \" is a minor planet whose orbit crosses that of Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is only one inner-grazer ( 944 Hidalgo ) and no outer-grazers or co-orbitals known ; most if not all of the crossers are centaurs .", "entity": [{"entity": "944 Hidalgo", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a damocloid .", "entity": [{"entity": "damocloid", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He became the interim head coach for two games when Bill Cartwright was fired in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Cartwright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a 35 % score based on 88 reviews , with an average rating of 4.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Thirty Years ' War , the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thirty Years ' War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other key sectors include retail , leisure and the visitor economy , creative industries , and logistics .", "entity": [{"entity": "leisure", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the growing influence of Cologne during the 15th century , the seat was moved to Arnsberg in 1437 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cologne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Arnsberg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 3 November 2013 , more than 20,000 people were evacuated after a 4,000 - pound bomb from World War II was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the residents live in a densely populated 300 hectare area ( the most densely populated residential area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with steelworks , port and railway lines acting as physical barriers cutting off the area from the city centre and other residential districts ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nearly identical monorail system transfers passengers at Düsseldorf Airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Düsseldorf Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and ThyssenKrupp .", "entity": [{"entity": "ThyssenKrupp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called Dortmunder Philharmoniker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dortmunder Philharmoniker", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BUGA ) in North Rhine-Westphalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the heart of the collection are works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , Otto Mueller , Emil Nolde and graphics by Pablo Picasso from the 1940 s and ' 50 s , plus others by Joan Miró , Marc Chagall and Salvador Dalí .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst Ludwig Kirchner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "Otto Mueller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Emil Nolde", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "Pablo Picasso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "Joan Miró", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "Marc Chagall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "Salvador Dalí", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also a special meal in the winter is Reibekuchen ( fried potato pancake served with apple sauce ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reibekuchen", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the playoffs , head coach Roger Neilson employed a rotation system between the two goaltenders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Neilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1994 , he made his return to Madison Square Garden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison Square Garden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The record was later passed by Ron Tugnutt during the Columbus Blue Jackets ' inaugural season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Tugnutt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Columbus Blue Jackets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , rookie Brian Boucher began playing more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years later , he played in his second World Championship .", "entity": [{"entity": "World Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often other toppings are also added , such as cheese , onions , and mustard .", "entity": [{"entity": "cheese", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "mustard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During that time , he says , he found solace through studying the music of Johann Sebastian Bach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group currently consists of Gary Barlow , Howard Donald and Mark Owen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Barlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Howard Donald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "Mark Owen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original line-up also featured Jason Orange and Robbie Williams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jason Orange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Robbie Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 22 , Howard Donald was one of the oldest to audition , but he was chosen after he got time off work as a vehicle painter to continue the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Donald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to auditioning , Jason Orange had appeared as a breakdancer on the popular television programme \" The Hit Man and Her \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jason Orange", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "The Hit Man and Her", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their first album , \" Take That & Party \" , was released in 1992 , and included all the hit singles to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "Take That & Party", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was during the years 1993 – 95 that the band fronted scores of magazine covers ranging from \" Smash Hits \" to \" GQ \" , becoming mass merchandised on all sorts of paraphernalia ranging from picture books , to posters , stickers , their own dolls , jewellery , caps , T-shirts , toothbrushes and even had their own annuals released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smash Hits", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "GQ", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the first day of release \" Progress \" became the fastest selling album of the century , with 235,000 copies sold in just one day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progress", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This then turned in to a ticketed charity event where the money from tickets sold would go towards benefiting Children in Need .", "entity": [{"entity": "Children in Need", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ministry of Defence opened an investigation into the cause of the crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ministry of Defence", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first helicopter was delivered to the JGSDF in early 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "JGSDF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first goal in a 4 – 1 victory over Hayes & Yeading United in January 2010 after entering the game as a 60th - minute substitute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hayes & Yeading United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A notable live recording , \" A Special From The Spectrum \" , was filmed during the band 's second world tour and released in VHS format only .", "entity": [{"entity": "A Special From The Spectrum", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They released ten albums , with \" Master of the Moon \" being the last one , recorded in 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Master of the Moon", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After telling coach Shaun Wane he felt more comfortable in the hooker role he was handed the number 9 shirt after the departure of Michael McIlorum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaun Wane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Michael McIlorum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real Madrid then secured his services in 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Real Madrid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored his first Champions League goals on 17 October in a 3 – 2 loss to Deportivo La Coruña .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "Deportivo La Coruña", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He broke the record he shared with Mark Stein , Alan Shearer and Thierry Henry , by scoring in eight consecutive league games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Stein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Alan Shearer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Thierry Henry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 27 September , he scored a hat-trick against Leicester City in a 4 – 1 victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leicester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 81st minute , he provided the assist for a Karim Benzema goal , following it with his own 88th - minute goal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karim Benzema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After several phone conversations and at the persuasion of veteran goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar , however , both player and coach put aside their differences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edwin van der Sar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 53 % based on reviews from 158 critics , with a rating average of 5.91 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His ministerial role ended with the re-shuffle announced on 5 September 2012 , when he was replaced as Minister by Paul Wheelhouse MSP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Wheelhouse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 2001 , the organization has hosted the senior staff and recent chair , Susan Solomon , of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 's working group on climate science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan Solomon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be released years later in 1996 , under the title \" I 'm a Rainbow \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "I 'm a Rainbow", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was first album not to yield a top ten hit , since 1977 's \" Once Upon a Time \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Once Upon a Time", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a meeting with David Geffen he was on board with the project .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Geffen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album \" All Systems Go \" , did not achieve Gold status .", "entity": [{"entity": "All Systems Go", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She allegedly had made anti-gay remarks regarding the then-relatively new disease , AIDS .", "entity": [{"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Lenny Kravitz wrote \" Rest in peace Donna , You are a pioneer and you have paved the way for so many of us .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenny Kravitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She won her last doubles title in 1982 at Cincinnati , and played her last professional match in 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1962 , Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara approved the system of troposcatter units under the operational name of BACKPORCH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert McNamara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1960 s , he expressed his opposition to the Cuban Revolution in several discreetly poetic compositions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuban Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a composer he was perhaps not so important as his rootsier compatriot , Ñico Saquito , but what he did compose was of high quality , and still is popular .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ñico Saquito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most recent major developments have been the establishment of Chongqing as a municipality and the creation of Hong Kong and Macau as special administrative regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chongqing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father was a tailor and his family lived in Queens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also led his team in strikeouts ( 105 ) , games started ( 27 ) , complete games ( 17 ) and innings pitched ( 209.2 ) , and finished second in victories ( 14 ) behind Lefty Gomez and Red Ruffing ( 15 each ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lefty Gomez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "Red Ruffing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His most famous moment arguably came when he scored an audacious chip from 20 yards over Peter Schmeichel in a 5 – 0 win over Manchester United on 20 October 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Schmeichel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He eventually sold his instrument to Bobby Sherman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby Sherman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , he appeared as himself on the sitcom \" Difficult People \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Difficult People", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They married in 1968 , and their daughter Ami Bluebell Dolenz was born on January 8 , 1969 ; she became an actress who was particularly active in the 1980 s and 1990 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ami Bluebell Dolenz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trina Dow Dolenz has become a couples therapist , still using her married name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trina Dow Dolenz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went on to defend his world title in San Sebastián , but missed the winning breakaway and finished eighth .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Sebastián", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His dogged determination and powerful riding style won him legions of fans all over the world and made him all the more popular in his native Flanders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flanders", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He finished in tears , in fifth place , together with his long-time rival Peter Van Petegem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Van Petegem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A farewell race was organized on 2 May in his home town Gistel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gistel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is usually made with ground beef , although ground lamb , pork , veal , venison , poultry and seafood are also used , sometimes in combination .", "entity": [{"entity": "ground beef", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "lamb", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "pork", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "veal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "venison", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "poultry", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vegetarian adaptations may use imitation meat or pulses .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulses", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Greece , meatloaf is referred to as \" rolo \" ( Ρολό ) and it is usually filled with hard boiled eggs , although several other variations exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However \" morcón \" is a beef roulade , not a meatloaf .", "entity": [{"entity": "roulade", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Great Depression , cooking meatloaf was a way for families to stretch the food budget by using an inexpensive type of meat and leftover ingredients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Great Depression", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barbecue sauce , tomato ketchup , or a mixture of ketchup and prepared mustard may also be used .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbecue sauce", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ketchup", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "prepared mustard", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This style of meatloaf may be topped with a \" meatloaf sauce \" consisting of ketchup and brown sugar .", "entity": [{"entity": "brown sugar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another variety of meatloaf , in the same style , is prepared by \" frosting \" the loaf with mashed potatoes , drizzling a small amount of butter over the top , and then browning it in the oven .", "entity": [{"entity": "butter", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There , he proceeded to form a legendary midfield partnership with Franky Van der Elst , that would last nearly a decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franky Van der Elst", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The previous flag had consisted of the city 's coat of arms on a white and blue background , which was considered to be overly simplistic by then mayor William Dennison .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Dennison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This revised version beat out a design recommended by then councillor Brad Duguid in a November 1999 council vote to become the current flag .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brad Duguid", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he produced numerous operas and other songs throughout his career it is his opera \" Pagliacci \" ( 1892 ) that remained his lasting contribution , despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pagliacci", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His funeral was held two days later , with hundreds in attendance , including fellow composer Pietro Mascagni and longtime rival Giacomo Puccini .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pietro Mascagni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "Giacomo Puccini", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2000 , Governor John Kitzhaber attempted to reform the system again .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Kitzhaber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He voted for John Silkin in the 1980 leadership campaign rather than Michael Foot , the successful candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Silkin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Michael Foot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Altman was at one time attached to direct with Dustin Hoffman in the lead , but financing proved difficult and the production was shelved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Altman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Dustin Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screenplay had also been imagined as a horror film directed by genre veteran David Cronenberg and starring Al Pacino as the title character .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Cronenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "Al Pacino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water backed up , until it began to flow southward along the course of the ancestral Tuscarawas River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tuscarawas River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their younger brother Andy was also a singer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , investiture at Buckingham Palace was delayed until 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Buckingham Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the fraternal twin of Maurice Gibb and was the older of the two by 35 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maurice Gibb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song was performed by Clare Torry and was released as a single .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clare Torry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had two children together , Spencer ( b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spencer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 10 March 1988 , younger brother Andy died in Oxford , of myocarditis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "Oxford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 2011 , he was diagnosed with colorectal cancer , which had metastasised to his liver several months earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In April , however , he contracted pneumonia and fell into a coma .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received a scholarship from the University of Miami to play college baseball and college football as a quarterback , but declined both to play professional baseball instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Miami", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In February 1983 he was signed by the Seattle Mariners before being released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle Mariners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 4 , 2009 , he was hired as the hitting coach for the Texas Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains the complete concert , except for the encore , which was \" One More Saturday Night \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "One More Saturday Night", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [71, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Number 1 in the world Jimmy Connors was on that team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Connors", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , on November 12 , 2010 , with the recession rebounding , Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake announced that city officials were considering new sites for a new arena .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephanie Rawlings-Blake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is believed to have been situated in Rothe House .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rothe House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1832 he suffered an attack of cholera but survived .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholera", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His oldest son died at the beginning of 1835 , of croup .", "entity": [{"entity": "croup", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It connects the Champs-Élysées quarter with those of the Invalides and Eiffel Tower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Champs-Élysées", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "Invalides", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Eiffel Tower", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are both are executed in hammered copper over forms by Georges Récipon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georges Récipon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He captained the national team from 2003 up to international retirement in 2011 , but returned to the team the following year and was included in their squad for UEFA Euro 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Euro 2016", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [162, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His league debut came against Sheffield Wednesday on 10 January 1998 , playing the entirety of a 2 – 1 defeat at Hillsborough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield Wednesday", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "Hillsborough", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He established himself in the team in the 1999 – 00 season under Ruud Gullit and later Bobby Robson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruud Gullit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Bobby Robson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The station was designed by Joseph Cubitt and had a long roof with walls that stretched up to the riverbank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Cubitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes trains from , and to the north , and , Sutton and to the south .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sutton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , he made several appearances in the UEFA Champions League , most notably against Juventus .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA Champions League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 66]}, {"entity": "Juventus", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 1919 he turned down an offer to become chairman of the British Bank of Northern Commerce , a job that promised a salary of £ 2000 in return for a morning per week of work .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Bank of Northern Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A copy was sent to the newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt and other world leaders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the journalists Larry Elliott and Dan Atkinson , 1968 was the pivotal year when power shifted in favour of private agents such as currency speculators .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry Elliott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Dan Atkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Joseph Stiglitz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Stiglitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Axel Leijonhufvud .", "entity": [{"entity": "Axel Leijonhufvud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His nephews include Richard Keynes ( 1919 – 2010 ) , a physiologist , and Quentin Keynes ( 1921 – 2003 ) , an adventurer and bibliophile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Keynes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Quentin Keynes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It stars Ronald Colman and Signe Hasso .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Colman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Signe Hasso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is directed by George Cukor , with screenplay by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Cukor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Ruth Gordon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "Garson Kanin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also during that time that he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Ashford University in 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashford University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received specialist goalkeeping coaching from Wilf McGuinness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilf McGuinness", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he began to suffer from ulcerated toes , which gave him severely swollen feet and caused him pain and discomfort throughout matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "ulcerated", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made 9 appearances in a brief stay at Roots Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roots Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later made cameo appearances as a player at Canvey Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canvey Island", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The workings of his pyloric valve play an important role in his life , reacting strongly to incidents in a fashion that he likens to Cassandra in terms of prophetic significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cassandra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2012 , there was a version in negotiation with director James Bobin and potentially starring Zach Galifianakis .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Bobin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "Zach Galifianakis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toilet paper dispensed from rolls was popularized when the Scott Paper Company began marketing it in 1890 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Paper Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1999 the size of a sheet has been shrinking ; Kimberly-Clark reduced the length of a sheet to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kimberly-Clark", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it is marketed as \" luxury \" , it may be quilted or rippled ( embossed ) , perfumed , colored or patterned , medicated ( with anti-bacterial chemicals ) , or treated with aloe or other perfumes .", "entity": [{"entity": "aloe", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Australia it is only moderately common in the eastern states ( both the coast and inland wetlands ) , but abundant in the south-west , particularly along the coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other products include guarana , soapberries , and maple syrup .", "entity": [{"entity": "guarana", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "soapberries", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "maple syrup", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some species of maple and buckeye are valued for their wood , while several other genera , such as \" Koelreuteria \" , \" Cardiospermum \" , and \" Ungnadia \" , are popular ornamentals .", "entity": [{"entity": "maple", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Koelreuteria", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Cardiospermum", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "Ungnadia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "ornamentals", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , he co-founded the non-profit political activism organization Axis of Justice , alongside guitarist and fellow activist Tom Morello .", "entity": [{"entity": "Axis of Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Tom Morello", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to make an orchestra do what it 's never done before , like a GG Allin type orchestra .", "entity": [{"entity": "GG Allin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He released his fourth studio album \" Orca Symphony No. 1 \" on June 25 , 2013 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orca Symphony No. 1", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The guard of the belemnoid \" Megateuthis gigantea \" , which is found in Europe and Asia , can measure up to in length , giving the living animal an estimated length of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elsewhere in the fossil record , bullet-shaped belemnite guards are locally found in such profusion that such deposits are referred to semi-formally as \" belemnite battlefields \" ( cf. \" orthocone orgies \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" orthocone orgies \"", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [185, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the mainstay of treatment in acute asthma before the advent of bronchodilators .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , heliox is mainly used in conditions of large airway narrowing ( upper airway obstruction from tumors or foreign bodies and vocal cord dysfunction ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord dysfunction", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [135, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also some use of heliox in conditions of the medium airways ( croup , asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "croup", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [90, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In about 1837 the orangery was replaced by a large conservatory designed by Joseph Paxton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Paxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the walls are terracotta panels by George Tinworth .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Tinworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sent off for dissent on 19 August 1992 against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road , during the second game of the season .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens Park Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "Loftus Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However injuries began to mount , with Ijah Anderson , Derek Bryan and Ricky Reina all sidelined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ijah Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Derek Bryan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Ricky Reina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon hearing the news , star defender Gareth Owen reversed his decision to leave the club , and promptly signed a two-year deal as player-coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gareth Owen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first signings of the season were former Glenn Hoddle Academy youngsters Ryan Burge and Ben Williamson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenn Hoddle Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "Ryan Burge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "Ben Williamson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did though manage to sign Chris Shuker and Paul Marshall on non-contract terms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Shuker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Paul Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His mother was a cook and his father was a steelworker ; he grew up with two sisters and one brother ; his brother suffers from cerebral palsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral palsy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He scored in this game to add to the two goals he notched the previous week in a game against Worcester City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Worcester City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first goal for the club came in his second appearance when he converted a penalty during a 2 – 1 win over Kettering Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kettering Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is served by Tanga Airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanga Airport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It shares Nokrek National Park ( , established in 1986 ) with two other districts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nokrek National Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He retired from the court in 1995 , and the following year was appointed governor-general on the recommendation of Paul Keating .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Keating", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was awarded a diploma from The Hague Academy of International Law in 1955 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hague Academy of International Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father was from Glasgow , Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the care of controversial psychiatrist William Sargant , she was given electroshock and large doses of the anti-psychotic drug Largactil .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Sargant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its original territory was enlarged in 1857 by the island of Perim , in 1868 by the Khuriya Muriya Islands , and in 1915 by the island of Kamaran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perim", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Khuriya Muriya Islands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "Kamaran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only item being produced by the city , as of 1920 , was salt .", "entity": [{"entity": "salt", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charcoal was produced as well , from acacia , and mainly in the interior of the region .", "entity": [{"entity": "acacia", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2017 , Amy Chu began writing the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amy Chu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" bikini \" proved popular , becoming well known through the paintings of Boris Vallejo and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boris Vallejo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was directed by Richard Fleischer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Fleischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was born and died in Detroit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His management skills ( he was once described by Rodney Hogg as having \" a degree in people \" ) drew the best from the players in his team , although he was fortunate to be able to call on the services of Bob Willis , David Gower and Ian Botham at their peak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rodney Hogg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Bob Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "David Gower", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 229]}, {"entity": "Ian Botham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was appointed an OBE in 1978 , and published \" The Art of Captaincy \" in 1985 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Art of Captaincy", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [50, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It flows generally north , heading to Jamesburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamesburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name also derives from Manalapan Township , one of the several municipalities the stream flows through .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manalapan Township", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novelisation of the film , written by Raymond Hitchcock , was published in 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raymond Hitchcock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He came in third place , behind New York Knicks guard Nate Robinson and Philadelphia 76ers forward Andre Iguodala .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Knicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Nate Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "Andre Iguodala", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pick was later acquired by the Golden State Warriors , who used it to draft Charles Jenkins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden State Warriors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Charles Jenkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ben Jonson , for example , wrote masques with the architect Inigo Jones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Jonson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Inigo Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel was originally serialized from March 1869 through June 1870 in Pierre-Jules Hetzel 's fortnightly periodical , the .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierre-Jules Hetzel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the year 1866 , ships of various nationalities sight a mysterious sea monster , which , it is later suggested , might be a gigantic narwhal .", "entity": [{"entity": "narwhal", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In possibly the novel 's most famous episode , the above-cited battle with a school of giant squid , one of the monsters captures a crew member .", "entity": [{"entity": "giant squid", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a notorious 1961 article , Theodore L. Thomas denounced the novel , alleging that \" there is not a single bit of valid speculation \" in the book and that \" none of its predictions has come true \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theodore L. Thomas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the campaign , after the team lost a considerable advantage on the table to be finally surpassed by Valencia CF , FC Barcelona and Deportivo de La Coruña , the pair was sacked , and the latter returned to his assistant position in Manchester United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valencia CF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "FC Barcelona", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Deportivo de La Coruña", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 167]}, {"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [245, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 9 October of the latter year , Al Ahly SC announced his signing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Ahly SC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following February , he went home to sign a contract at Vitória S.C. until June 2019 , which he rescinded by mutual agreement a year early .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitória S.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The congregation was established in 1839 , when Texas was still an independent republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current dean is the Very Reverend Barkley S. Thompson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barkley S. Thompson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It became her second top-three single there and her most successful at the time , along with \" What Have You Done for Me Lately \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [95, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During some shows , the singer asked a prayer to her brother Michael Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , smooth jazz guitarist Norman Brown covered the song instrumentally on his album \" Just Chillin ' \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norman Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Just Chillin '", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains 11 soul classics produced by David Foster .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Foster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this , Channel 5 acquired the rights to the series , and it was officially relaunched on 18 August 2011 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Channel 5", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2014 , Emma Willis announced that the show would be back for a sixteenth series in 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emma Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former winner Brian Dowling became the presenter , a position he held throughout the twelfth and thirteenth series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Dowling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marcus Bentley has been the narrator of the series since it premiered in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcus Bentley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous other spin-off series that are not competition based have aired , with Dermot O'Leary , Russell Brand , George Lamb , Emma Willis and Rylan Clark-Neal all presenting spin-offs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dermot O'Leary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Russell Brand", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "George Lamb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "Emma Willis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Rylan Clark-Neal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2000 , it was revealed that the series would be broadcast by Channel 4 and E4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Channel 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "E4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Davina McCall was later revealed to be the presenter for the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davina McCall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much like the previous series ' , the show lasted for 64 days , and saw Kate Lawler win the prize .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kate Lawler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series concluded after 64 days , with Cameron Stout being crowned the winner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cameron Stout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series lasted for 71 days , with Nadia Almada becoming the first transgender housemate to win the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nadia Almada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It became the first series to last longer than 90 days , and was met with much controversy after allowing previously evicted housemate Nikki Grahame to return to the game with the chance of winning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nikki Grahame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pete Bennett was ultimately crowned the winner of the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pete Bennett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian Belo was crowned the winner of the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian Belo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rachel Rice was the winner of the series after spending 93 days in the house .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rachel Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sophie Reade was the winner of the series , which lasted for a total of 93 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sophie Reade", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series lasted for a total of 77 days , with Josie Gibson being crowned the winner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Josie Gibson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fourteenth series premiered on 13 June 2013 , and was won by Sam Evans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Evans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning with the second series , the live feed became available on E4 as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "E4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chanelle Hayes , who appeared on the eighth series , went on to release a single , work as a model , and receive her own reality television series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chanelle Hayes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series has gone on to be spoofed and parodied by comedians such as Alan Carr , Justin Lee Collins , and Ricky Gervais .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Carr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Justin Lee Collins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "Ricky Gervais", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It includes interviews with the clan including a small snippet with June Carter Cash .", "entity": [{"entity": "June Carter Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toys became more widespread with the changing attitudes towards children engendered by the Enlightenment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enlightenment", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The variety and number of toys that were manufactured during the 18th century steadily rose ; John Spilsbury invented the first jigsaw puzzle in 1767 to help children learn geography .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Spilsbury", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dinky Toys pioneered the manufacture of die-cast toys with the production of toy cars , trains and ships and model train sets became popular in the 1920 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dinky Toys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1943 Richard James was experimenting with springs as part of his military research when he saw one come loose and fall to the floor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Countries or trade zones such as the European Union regularly publish lists to regulate the quantities or ban chemicals from toys and juvenile products .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some manufacturers , such as Little Tikes , will take back and recycle their products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Tikes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film 's setting and shooting location are Glasgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film has a rating of 66 % on Rotten Tomatoes based on 131 reviews with an average score of 6.2 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2005 Virgin released a new version of the album with two bonus tracks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virgin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 1 October 1910 it was enlarged by gaining part of Nether Alderley civil parish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nether Alderley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of \" Coronation Street \" actors , including Helen Flanagan , Denise Welch and Richard Fleeshman , also live in the village .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coronation Street", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "Helen Flanagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Denise Welch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Richard Fleeshman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was declared treasure trove , and an inquest was held in Congleton on 26 February 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congleton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The project cost £ 56 \" million and the main civil engineering works were contracted to Birse Civils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birse Civils", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2003 , after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor , she was appointed chair of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission , responsible for overseeing the state 's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 1988 , she eloped with Todd Palin , her high school sweetheart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Todd Palin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her running mate was Sean Parnell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sean Parnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August 2007 , the jet was listed on eBay , but the sale fell through , and the plane later sold for $ 2.1 \" million through a private brokerage firm .", "entity": [{"entity": "eBay", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to her appearance , she had been parodied several times by Tina Fey , who was noted for her physical resemblance to the candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tina Fey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was produced by Mark Burnett .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Burnett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She made a number of media appearances as well , including a widely publicized interview on November 16 , 2009 , with Oprah Winfrey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oprah Winfrey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the summer of 2003 he was signed by A.S. Roma for nominal fees totalling € 1,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A.S. Roma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to Atlético Mineiro on 5 January 2011 , signing a three-year contract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlético Mineiro", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overcrowding , lack of food and poor sanitary conditions caused outbreaks of typhus , tuberculosis , typhoid fever and dysentery , leading to the deaths of more than 35,000 people in the first few months of 1945 , shortly before and after the liberation .", "entity": [{"entity": "typhus", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "typhoid fever", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "dysentery", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them were Irma Grese , Elisabeth Volkenrath , Hertha Ehlert , , Johanna Bormann and Fritz Klein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Irma Grese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "Elisabeth Volkenrath", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "Hertha Ehlert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Johanna Bormann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "Fritz Klein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His playing style adapted through his career ; primarily used as a defensive defenceman early in his career ( as well as an enforcer ) , but became more of a two-way threat when former Montreal Canadiens coach Jacques Demers used him on the power play .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montreal Canadiens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "Jacques Demers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [210, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the fact that there have n't been any recent studies which concluded in its optimal treatment , tinnitus retraining therapy has been applied to treating hyperacusis , misophonia , and phonophobia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperacusis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [161, 172]}, {"entity": "misophonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "phonophobia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Otter , roe deer and European green woodpecker can be seen in the southern reaches of the park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Otter", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "roe deer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "European green woodpecker", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [21, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buzzards can be seen hunting over open areas by the river and the grey heron , grey wagtail and dipper are common sights too .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipper", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His decision to pursue music full time was helped when the university was closed for two months in 1905 in the aftermath of Bloody Sunday , which prevented him from taking his final law exams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bloody Sunday", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1960 s his students included Robert Craft and Warren Zevon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Craft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Warren Zevon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their sponsor and witness was actor Edward G. Robinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward G. Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His case of polycythemia had worsened and his friends had noticed that his movements and speech had slowed .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycythemia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result was \" Renard \" ( 1916 ) , which he called \" A burlesque in song and dance \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renard", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1951 , he completed his last neoclassical work , the opera \" The Rake 's Progress \" to a libretto by W. H. Auden and Chester Kallman based on the etchings of William Hogarth .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Rake 's Progress", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [64, 84]}, {"entity": "W. H. Auden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "Chester Kallman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "William Hogarth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some authorities consider the stripe-billed aracari and the pale-mandibled aracari to also be subspecies of the collared aracari .", "entity": [{"entity": "stripe-billed aracari", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [30, 51]}, {"entity": "pale-mandibled aracari", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 white eggs are laid in an unlined natural cavity or old woodpecker nest high in a tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "woodpecker", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Praziquantel has a serum half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal and liver function .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Praziquantel has a particularly dramatic effect on patients with schistosomiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "schistosomiasis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the many applications of metagenomics , researchers such as Jo Handelsman , Jon Clardy , and Robert M. Goodman , explored metagenomic approaches toward the discovery of biologically active molecules such as antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jo Handelsman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Jon Clardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Robert M. Goodman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , the discovery of green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) by Roger Y. Tsien and others , hybrid systems and quantum dots have enabled assessing protein location and function more precisely .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Y. Tsien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Treasure Minister Sartaj Aziz opposed the tests , due to the economic recession , low foreign exchange reserves , and economic sanctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sartaj Aziz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also promised to construct a third port in Keti Bandar on the southern coast of Thatta District .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keti Bandar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Thatta District", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 351 actionable calls were received on the anti-terror helpline and National Database and Registration Authority verified 59.47 \" million .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Database and Registration Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an important breeding area for the endangered wood stork and other wetland birds .", "entity": [{"entity": "wood stork", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also has wintering passerines , including the painted bunting .", "entity": [{"entity": "painted bunting", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous wading bird species can be found in the wetlands of the sanctuary , including the yellow-crowned night heron , black-crowned night heron , tricolored heron , great egret , and snowy egret .", "entity": [{"entity": "yellow-crowned night heron", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [91, 117]}, {"entity": "black-crowned night heron", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [120, 145]}, {"entity": "great egret", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "snowy egret", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [185, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specialist birds include limpkin , barred owl and , in summer , swallow-tailed kite .", "entity": [{"entity": "limpkin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "barred owl", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "swallow-tailed kite", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He formally established the academic discipline of sociology and - with Karl Marx and Max Weber - is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Marx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Max Weber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He refined the positivism originally set forth by Auguste Comte , promoting what could be considered as a form of epistemological realism , as well as the use of the hypothetico-deductive model in social science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Comte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with Herbert Spencer , he was one of the first people to explain the existence and quality of different parts of a society by reference to what function they served in maintaining the quotidian ( i.e. by how they make society \" work \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbert Spencer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike his contemporaries Ferdinand Tönnies and Max Weber , he did not focus on what motivates the actions of individuals ( an approach associated with methodological individualism ) , but rather on the study of \" social facts \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferdinand Tönnies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "Max Weber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Empiricists , like David Hume , had argued that all realities in the outside world are products of human sense perception , thus all realities are merely perceived : they do not exist independently of our perceptions , and have no causal power in themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Horror icon Vincent Price starred in introductions for the show 's various segments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincent Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In game two against the Miami Heat he scored 30 points shooting 13 – 15 overall from the field ( 83.3 % ) , including 3 – 3 in from the three-point line and 1 – 1 in free throws , with 6 rebounds and one steal in almost 40 \" minutes played .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami Heat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He returned to action late in the season on April 8 , 2007 , against Toronto .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On December 29 , 2010 , he scored a season-high 22 points to go along with 12 rebounds , in a 123 - 110 win over the Phoenix Suns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix Suns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lieutenant General Richard Burr , the incumbent Chief of Army , has held the post since 2 July 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Burr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimated that 1 \" kg of hydrogen ( roughly equivalent to 3 \" kg , or 4 L , of petroleum in energy terms ) could be produced by wind powered electrolysis for between $ 5.55 in the near term and $ 2.27 in the long term .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having turned professional the next year , he won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in 1973 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joe Frazier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a ringside analyst for HBO 's boxing coverage for 12 years until 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Tyson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was co-produced by actor and former boxer Tony Danza .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Danza", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , he faced contender Lou Savarese , winning a close decision in a grueling , competitive encounter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou Savarese", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After moving to Major League Soccer in 1996 , he won two MLS Cup titles with D.C. United .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major League Soccer", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "MLS Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "D.C. United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1963 Eric Worrell considered \" Parademansia microlepidotus \" and \" Oxyuranus scutellatus \" ( coastal taipan , named simply \" taipan \" in those days ) to be the same species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric Worrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The perentie ( \" Varanus giganteus \" ) is a large monitor lizard that also shares the same habitat .", "entity": [{"entity": "monitor lizard", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute kidney injury , rhabdomyolysis , and disseminated coagulopathy may also complicate the setting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "disseminated coagulopathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [43, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first local and general symptoms of a bite are local pain and variable non-specific effects which may include headache , nausea , vomiting , abdominal pain , diarrhoea , dizziness , collapse or convulsions leading to major organ effects : neurotoxicity , coagulopathy , rhabdomyolysis or kidney failure / damage and finally death .", "entity": [{"entity": "coagulopathy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [259, 271]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [274, 288]}, {"entity": "kidney failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [292, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotoxic envenoming causes a progressive descending flaccid paralysis : ptosis is usually the first sign , then facial ( dysarthria ) and bulbar involvement progressing to dyspnea and respiratory paralysis leading to suffocation and peripheral weakness .", "entity": [{"entity": "envenoming", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "flaccid paralysis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "ptosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "dysarthria", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few minutes later , however , he was lying on the ground and convulsing .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsing", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the ulceration is deep , significant bleeding and infection may occur in rare occasions .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very rarely , extremely large hemangiomas can cause high-output heart failure due to the amount of blood that must be pumped to excess blood vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other studies have revealed the role of increased angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the etiology of hemangiomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiogenesis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vincristine , which requires central venous access for administration , is traditionally used as a chemotherapy agent , but has been demonstrated to have efficacy against hemangiomas and other childhood vascular tumors , such as kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma .", "entity": [{"entity": "tufted angioma", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [265, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not until 18 March 2006 that he made his league debut for the club , coming on as a late substitute , in a 4 – 0 win over Beveren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beveren", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 2007 – 08 season , he played on loan for Roda JC on a season-long loan deal , where he played alongside his countryman Sekou Cissé .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roda JC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Sekou Cissé", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut on 18 September against Everton at Goodison Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Everton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Goodison Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was n't until on 17 December 2011 when he returned to the first team from injury , playing 82 minutes before being substituted , in a 0 – 0 draw against Swansea City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swansea City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the match , his role as captain was praised by Manager Alan Pardew , who wanted him to captain another match .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Pardew", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , his form suffered , with replacement Dan Gosling not up to the preferred standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan Gosling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , he could not displace the midfield pairing of Moussa Sissoko and Georginio Wijnaldum , and often played in positions not suited to him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moussa Sissoko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Georginio Wijnaldum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in 11 of 12 matches for the club until his last match on 3 June 2017 against Baoding Yingli Yitong with a 4 – 2 win .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baoding Yingli Yitong", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The project sat idle until Donald Trump acquired the site in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donald Trump", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magazine previously sponsored cars in the Formula One circuit from the late 1970 s to the early 1980 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Formula One", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also the 9th top scorer in the history of the French League with his 179 goals .", "entity": [{"entity": "French League", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a spokeswoman for Defenders of Wildlife , and enjoys interior decorating .", "entity": [{"entity": "Defenders of Wildlife", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mark Spitz made a cameo appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Spitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She reports a case of mild dyslexia , which caused trouble with grades in school .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyslexia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is situated south of St Boniface Down , and built on steep slopes leading down to the sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "St Boniface Down", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is by road south-south-east of the island 's county town Newport , and about south-west of London .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newport", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town itself extends from the seashore up to the slopes of the downs , with its commercial centre being above sea-level ; the urban area is contiguous with the neighbouring settlements of St Lawrence to the west and Bonchurch to the east .", "entity": [{"entity": "St Lawrence", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "Bonchurch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A short distance further west is Steephill Cove , a hamlet and small beach that is inaccessible to motor vehicles , which has cafes and self-catering cottages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steephill Cove", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composer Edward Elgar and Caroline Alice Elgar spent three weeks on honeymoon there in 1889 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Elgar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Caroline Alice Elgar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 50]}, {"entity": "honeymoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These often covered other invertebrate groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "invertebrate", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , he took courses in Brno in several trades , including chauffeuring and machinery , and worked for his father for three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brno", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her son , Leopold \" Poldek \" Pfefferberg , soon became one of his contacts for black market trading .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leopold \" Poldek \" Pfefferberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1948 he presented a claim for reimbursement of his wartime expenses to the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee , and received $ 15,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of four existing copies of the list was offered at a ten-day auction starting on 19 July 2013 on EBay at a reserve price of $ 3 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBay", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He faced one of his former government members , at the time Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serzh Sargsyan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On 30 March 2013 he scored on his debut on against Nantwich Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nantwich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" PSM \" praised the character as well , stating \" [ he ] might wear some funky shoes , but that does n't stop him from kicking some robot butt \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSM", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is known for his love of hunting and fishing , especially in his native Minnesota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a long section near Gifhorn , the river meanders in its natural river bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gifhorn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its upper reaches , at the height of the Drömling , the water compares to a sluggish canal and , in some sections , it is almost like a stretch of still water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drömling", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river had to accept large quantities of water from the rivers Leine and Oker following snowmelt in the Leine Uplands and the Harz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leine", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Oker", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Leine Uplands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Harz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no longer a barrier to fish at the weir near Grafhorst - designed to raise the water level during summer droughts - since it has been given a fish ladder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grafhorst", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An air quality monitoring station , operated by the Environmental Protection Agency , is the second highest in eastern North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 83]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He previously worked as head coach of the Kortrijk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kortrijk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is still in production by Hasbro with numerous editions and variants with popular media themes and different rules including PC software versions , video games , and mobile apps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hasbro", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South America has 2 access points , North America and Africa each have 3 , Europe has 4 , and Asia has 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It served this purpose from 1803 to 1829 , when its workhouse function was assumed by an institution in Zwickau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zwickau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 1829 , the castle became a mental hospital for the \" incurably insane \" from Waldheim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waldheim", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1914 and 1918 , the castle was home to both psychiatric and tuberculosis patients , 912 of whom died of malnutrition .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "malnutrition", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One lavish escape scheme even included a glider , the Colditz Cock , that was built and kept in a remote portion of the castle 's attic during the winter of 1944 - 45 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colditz Cock", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 2006 and 2007 , the castle underwent a significant amount of refurbishment and restoration which was paid for by the state of Saxony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saxony", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is the older sister of actress Meg Tilly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meg Tilly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was also cast as a high-end prostitute on the short-lived comedy \" Key West \" , alongside Fisher Stevens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Key West", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Fisher Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a starring role on the sitcom \" Out of Practice \" , which starred Henry Winkler and Stockard Channing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Out of Practice", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Henry Winkler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Stockard Channing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has been in a relationship with professional poker player Phil Laak since 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Laak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physiological purpose of nipples is to deliver milk to the infant , produced in the female mammary glands during lactation .", "entity": [{"entity": "milk", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nipple pain can also be caused by excessive friction of clothing against the nipple that causes a fissure .", "entity": [{"entity": "fissure", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some men develop a condition known as gynecomastia , in which the breast tissue under the nipple develops and grows .", "entity": [{"entity": "gynecomastia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symptoms of breast cancer can often be seen first by changes of the nipple and areola , although not all women have the same symptoms , and some people do not have any signs or symptoms at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exposure of nipples is usually considered immodest and in some instances is viewed as lewd or indecent behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "immodest", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instagram removed images of Rihanna and had her account cancelled when she posted selfies with nipples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rihanna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His playing days came to an end in the 2000 – 01 season after breaking his leg in a match with his club Aston Villa following a clash with Ipswich Town goalkeeper Richard Wright .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "Ipswich Town", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "Richard Wright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He began at the club he retired in , Silkeborg IF , and got in charge of the second team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silkeborg IF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , theories that she was born as early as 350 are based on the wording of the chronicler John Malalas ( c .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Malalas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title role was initially played by Julia Neilson , and it featured an elaborate musical score written by the composer Hubert Parry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julia Neilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Hubert Parry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hosted by Bil Dwyer , the format likewise attempted to incorporate music into the game , but proved no more successful than the previous two attempts at reviving the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bil Dwyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andy Richter was identified as a potential host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andy Richter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first season comprised ten hour-long episodes , with Michael Strahan serving as host .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Strahan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1982 , it was replaced by an original , similarly-styled composition by Bob Cobert , which was also used on the 1991 revival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Cobert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her parents ran a bicycle and electronics repair shop in Gedera , a small southern town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gedera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those species popular for recreational fishing include largemouth , spotted , white , and striped bass ( \" Micropterus salmoides \" , \" M. punctulatus \" , \" Morone chrysops \" , and \" M. saxatilis \" ) ; white crappie ( \" Pomoxis annularis \" ) ; and channel , blue , and flathead catfish ( \" Ictalurus punctatus \" , \" I. furcatus \" , and \" Pylodictis olivaris \" ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "largemouth", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "spotted", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "striped bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "white crappie", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [201, 214]}, {"entity": "channel", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [247, 254]}, {"entity": "blue", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [257, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those present included the leading bebop performer , Charlie Parker , as well as Gerry Mulligan and John Carisi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Parker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Gerry Mulligan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "John Carisi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three albums that resulted from the collaboration are \" Miles Ahead \" ( 1957 ) , \" Porgy and Bess \" ( 1958 ) , and \" Sketches of Spain \" ( 1960 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miles Ahead", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Porgy and Bess", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Sketches of Spain", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [121, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1965 he arranged the big band tracks on Kenny Burrell 's \" Guitar Forms \" album .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenny Burrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Guitar Forms", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period while he was somewhat depressed about the commercial and logistical difficulties of his previous scoring requirements , his wife suggested that he listen to the guitarist Jimi Hendrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimi Hendrix", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same spirit of introducing new talent in his bands , he collaborated with Maria Schneider with her as an apprentice arranger on this and other final projects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maria Schneider", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was expelled from high school after tenth grade , and then spent a short time at the Avni Arts School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avni Arts School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A leading figure of the movement , psychologist Nathaniel Branden , stated : \" [ I ] cannot think of a single psychological problem – from anxiety and depression , to fear of intimacy or of success , to spouse battery or child molestation – that is not traced back to the problem of low self-esteem \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nathaniel Branden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this belief , as expounded by theologian Paul Tillich , acceptability is not based on a person 's virtue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Tillich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roy Baumeister has shown that inflating self-esteem by itself can actually decrease grades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roy Baumeister", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a common mistake is to think that loving oneself is necessarily equivalent to narcissism , as opposed for example to what Erik Erikson speaks of as \" a post-narcissistic love of the ego \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erik Erikson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When dysregulated , aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [119, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secretion of aldosterone has a diurnal rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "diurnal", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enzyme co-localizes with intracellular adrenal steroid receptors and converts cortisol into cortisone , a relatively inactive metabolite with little affinity for the MR. Liquorice , which contains glycyrrhetinic acid , can inhibit 11β - HSD and lead to a mineralocorticoid excess syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liquorice", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the test , individuals should not restrict salt and low potassium should be corrected before the test because it can suppress aldosterone secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "low potassium", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of his earliest lessons in music and improvisation were on recorder with gamelan player Jody Diamond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jody Diamond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was there that he performed alongside saxophonist Robert Stewart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appeared in the tenth episode of the fourth season , where it was rumored by the characters that he would get in a fight with famed cellist Yo-Yo Ma , who also appeared in the episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yo-Yo Ma", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "550 ) , behind Ryan Braun , Matt Kemp , and Prince Fielder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryan Braun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "Matt Kemp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Prince Fielder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following day he was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in exchange for José Tábata .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "José Tábata", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was married to the late writer and visual artist Ari Behn from 2002 to 2017 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ari Behn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also an assistant coach for the University of Louisville under Rick Pitino .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Louisville", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 63]}, {"entity": "Rick Pitino", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He currently serves as director of amateur scouting for the Edmonton Oilers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton Oilers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a junior with the Swift Current Broncos in 1989 - 90 he scored 32 points as a rookie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swift Current Broncos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On April 21 , he scored his first career playoff goal against the Washington Capitals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington Capitals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On July 10 , 2013 , he was named the director of amateur scouting for the Detroit Red Wings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Red Wings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two previously worked together for the last six seasons with the Detroit Red Wings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Red Wings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , portions of the community stretch east to the Caldwell County line .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caldwell County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In it she played a young girl coping with her mother 's ( played by Frances Conroy ) cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frances Conroy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , Ben Brantley found an \" ineffable grace in her awkwardness \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ben Brantley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first film of the series , \" Episode I – The Phantom Menace \" was released in 1999 , when she was in her final year of high school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Episode I – The Phantom Menace", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [33, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also worked closely with the director George Lucas on her character 's accent and mannerisms , and watched the films of Lauren Bacall , Audrey Hepburn , and Katharine Hepburn to draw inspiration from their voice and stature .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Lucas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "Lauren Bacall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "Audrey Hepburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 154]}, {"entity": "Katharine Hepburn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After finishing work on the film , she began attending Harvard University to pursue her bachelor 's degree in psychology , and significantly reduced her acting workload over the next few years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prepare , she studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and read memoirs of Yitzhak Rabin , which she said allowed her to explore both the role and her own heritage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 62]}, {"entity": "Yitzhak Rabin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was trained by the professional ballerina Mary Helen Bowers , and in preparation , she trained for five to eight hours daily for six months and lost .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Helen Bowers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She liked the idea of Kenneth Branagh directing a big-budget film that emphasized character ; she signed on to it before receiving a script , and helped develop her part by reading the biography of scientists such as Rosalind Franklin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth Branagh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "Rosalind Franklin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially scheduled to be directed by Lynne Ramsay , the production was plagued with numerous difficulties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynne Ramsay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Fassbender , Jude Law and Bradley Cooper were all cast as the male lead , before Ewan McGregor played the part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Fassbender", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Jude Law", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Bradley Cooper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Ewan McGregor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was attracted to the idea of showcasing the negative effects of fame , and in preparation , she watched documentaries on musicians and listened to the music of Sia , who composed her songs in the film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She replaced the film 's producer Reese Witherspoon , who backed out due to a scheduling conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reese Witherspoon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She does not wear animal products and has praised animal-friendly products designed by Stella McCartney and Target .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stella McCartney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "Target", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is also a member of the One Voice movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "One Voice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only William Proxmire has a longer streak .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Proxmire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She considered voting for the Libertarian Party 's ticket or a write-in candidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libertarian Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cosponsor Shelley Moore Capito said the bill also prevented medical providers from unintentionally providing opioids to individuals in recovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shelley Moore Capito", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 2019 , the Wildlife Institute of India announced that they will undertake the survey of leopard and wildlife , using pugmarks and trap cameras , subsequently , leopards and jackals will be tracked via the radio collars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wildlife Institute of India", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is similar to \" SimCity \" , in that the game involves successfully developing a town into a larger metropolis ; however , the focus is more on the ability of the citizens to use transportation to get around the area ( hence the name ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SimCity", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administrations of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner considered him a political rival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Néstor Kirchner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Cristina Fernández de Kirchner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next day , he visited Cardinal Jorge María Mejía in the hospital and chatted with patients and staff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jorge María Mejía", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" Habemus papam \" announcement was delivered by the cardinal protodeacon , Jean-Louis Tauran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Louis Tauran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He named Alfred Xuereb as his personal secretary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred Xuereb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He appointed Bishop Marcello Semeraro secretary for the group and scheduled its first meeting for 1 – 3 October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marcello Semeraro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ernst von Freyberg was put in charge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst von Freyberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vatican spokesman Greg Burke emphasized that the letter was not about incidents in a specific geographic area but relevant worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He celebrated an ecumenical liturgy together with the president of the Lutheran World Federation Bishop Dr. Munib Younan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lutheran World Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "Munib Younan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The motto of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy also plays a central role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oratorio was premiered on 6 November 2016 in the Limburg Cathedral .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limburg Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scores to both the opera and the ballet versions were composed by Siegfried Matthus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siegfried Matthus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would also feature in 5 playoff games for the team , before his season was ended on a vicious high-stick from St. Louis Blues winger Glenn Anderson which detached his retina .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Louis Blues", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Glenn Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sundance Film Festival refused to accept the film , alleging it to be too disagreeable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sundance Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an 81 % approval rating based on 48 critic reviews , with an average rating of 7.82 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He studied the development of cancer cells , in particular the skin cancer \" xeroderma pigmentosum \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "xeroderma pigmentosum", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [77, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The couple had a son , David , and a daughter , Sarah .", "entity": [{"entity": "David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Sarah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Home Secretary , J. R. Clynes , was present to verify the birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. R. Clynes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The registration of her birth was delayed for several days to avoid her being numbered 13 in the parish register .", "entity": [{"entity": "avoid her being numbered 13", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [62, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1975 , the Princess was listed among women with whom actor Warren Beatty had had romantic relationships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warren Beatty", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January 1993 , she was admitted to hospital for pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She experienced a mild stroke on 23 February 1998 at her holiday home in Mustique .", "entity": [{"entity": "mild stroke", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Mustique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A state memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on 19 April 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westminster Abbey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her house on Mustique , designed by her husband 's uncle Oliver Messel , a stage designer , was her favourite holiday destination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mustique", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Oliver Messel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bartlett S. Durham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Tobacco Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Duke and its Duke University Health System , in fact , are the largest employers in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duke University Health System", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of this growth attributed to the establishment of a thriving tobacco industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "tobacco", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many famous people have performed there including B.B. King and Willie Nelson .", "entity": [{"entity": "B.B. King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Willie Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mayor , since 2017 , is Steve Schewel , who was elected with 59.45 % of the vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steve Schewel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Nov. 24 , 2004 , he scored a career-high 19 points against the Boston Celtics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston Celtics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Memphis Grizzlies in 2011 and played 15 games , averaging 1.9 points and 1.8 rebounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Memphis Grizzlies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On this trip , he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young Louis XIV 's court , and heard about the theory of the divine right of kings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis XIV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During his reign , science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king 's personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ole Rømer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ankle injury sustained on international duty delayed his debut until 18 September , when he played 83 minutes in a 3 – 1 defeat at West Bromwich Albion .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bromwich Albion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of the 1968 season , he was traded to the Detroit Pistons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Pistons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The center contains stores such as Best Buy , Old Navy , Golfsmith , and Ulta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Best Buy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Old Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Golfsmith", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Ulta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many factories on the south side of town , including a large Lam Research plant that makes electrochemical deposition tools for manufacturing semiconductors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lam Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The school office is in Beaverton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beaverton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is headquartered in Bridgend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bridgend", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1996 , the force adopted its current name and lost the Rhymney Valley area to Gwent Police due to further local government reorganisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhymney Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "Gwent Police", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had earned his Master of Law degree in 1954 from the University of Baltimore School of Law and formed a general practice law firm with two colleagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Baltimore School of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is located in the centre of the Black Country , 10 miles west of Birmingham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Black Country", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Birmingham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The museum is close to the site where Dud Dudley first mastered the technique of smelting iron with coal instead of wood charcoal and making iron enough for industrial use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dud Dudley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the mid-1800 s the chain industry was mostly associated with Cradley , Cradley Heath , Old Hill , Quarry Bank and Netherton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cradley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Cradley Heath", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Old Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Quarry Bank", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Netherton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the mountain is part of Pinecone Burke Provincial Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinecone Burke Provincial Park", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Specific language impairment \" ( \" SLI \" ) ( the term developmental language disorder is preferred by some ) is diagnosed when a child 's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development , physical abnormality of the speech apparatus , autism spectrum disorder , apraxia , acquired brain damage or hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [361, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Researcher Bonnie Brinton argues that the term \" specific language impairment \" is misleading because the disorder does not only affect language , but also affects reading , writing , and social / pragmatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonnie Brinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many children with SLI meet diagnostic criteria for developmental dyslexia , and others have features of autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "developmental dyslexia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 74]}, {"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now generally accepted that SLI is a strongly genetic disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "genetic disorder", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During World War II , substantial development occurred as the military bases and industries expanded , increasing the personnel assigned there .", "entity": [{"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the entire Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area had a lower overall crime rate ranking at # 35 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include the large nearby islands of Nantucket and Martha 's Vineyard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nantucket", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Martha 's Vineyard", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass , bluefish , bluefin tuna , false albacore ( little tunny ) , bonito , tautog , flounder and fluke .", "entity": [{"entity": "striped bass", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "bluefish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "bluefin tuna", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "bonito", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "tautog", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "flounder", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "fluke", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [148, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third is Bridgewater State University , which opened a satellite campus in South Yarmouth in January 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bridgewater State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 41]}, {"entity": "South Yarmouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cape Codder cocktail is named after the peninsula ; both are notable for cranberry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cape Codder cocktail", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "cranberry", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her appointment was accompanied by the appointments of Andrew Cheung and Beverley McLachlin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Cheung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Beverley McLachlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally , the production crew intended to make a fake kidney for the sequence ( as the character awakens to find her kidney has been removed ) , but due to budget and time restraints , opted to use a goat 's kidney from a butcher shop .", "entity": [{"entity": "goat", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July 2018 , it was announced that Scream Factory would release the film on Blu-ray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scream Factory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meta-critic site Rotten Tomatoes lists the film as having an approval rating of 9 % among critics based on 82 reviews , with an average rating of 3 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He initially studied to be a lawyer in New York City , and turned to acting to finance his education .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town must have sprung up around this camp ; in the time of Ptolemy it was already important .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ptolemy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is the daughter of film actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin from his fourth wife , Oona O'Neill , and the granddaughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie Chaplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "Oona O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Eugene O'Neill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and James Thierrée ( born 2 May 1974 ) , who are performing artists .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Thierrée", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of her teammates was future Olympian Catherine Ward .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catherine Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1948 he was appointed Commander of National Air Defence Forces , and in 1952 he also became Deputy Minister of Defence .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Air Defence Forces", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kremlin Wall Necropolis", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward , Naomi Watts , Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fred Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Naomi Watts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Moira Kelly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "Jacqueline Bisset", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film opened in limited release on 20 February 1998 to mixed but mostly positive reviews , receiving a 69 percent freshness rating on the movie critics website Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [163, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a mobile title in the Bonk series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonk", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reshteh khoshkar is a well-known sweet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reshteh khoshkar", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The airport is in close affiliation with hundreds of flights by national and international airlines , including Mahan Air , Iran Air , Iran Aseman Airlines , Kish Air and receives more than 2000 flights annually .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahan Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Iran Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Iran Aseman Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 155]}, {"entity": "Kish Air", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His biggest contribution was probably his decision to make Paul Gascoigne an integral part of the first team despite his being only 18 at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Gascoigne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His first game in charge was away to Southampton , where he made the bold decision to make 18-year - old Paul Gascoigne the playmaker of the team .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Paul Gascoigne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production team had intended to suggest that the murdered Prime Minister in this episode was the current real-life incumbent , Tony Blair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the younger brother of co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Mothersbaugh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He conducted the biopsy the following morning , after which he sent tissue samples to the distinguished pathologist Rudolf Virchow for microscopic examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudolf Virchow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doctors diagnosed perichondritis , an infection of the throat membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "perichondritis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growing up , he was closest to his eldest brother Bobby and began imitating his brother 's vocal styling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bobby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1977 , he dropped out of high school and began performing with his elder brothers in clubs and venues in Michigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This song would later be sampled by the likes of Queen Pen and Raheem DeVaughn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queen Pen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "Raheem DeVaughn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", James Ingram , and Barry White , released in 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Ingram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "Barry White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a part of the Southern Baptist Convention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Baptist Convention", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1934 , he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Mary 's College in Winona .", "entity": [{"entity": "St. Mary 's College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Winona", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His installation took place at Sacred Heart Cathedral on January 8 , 1958 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacred Heart Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [31, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In North America , \" A. altissima \" is present from Massachusetts in the east , west to southern Ontario , southwest to Iowa , south to Texas , and east to the north of Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "North America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "Ontario", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Iowa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tree had been spared by the sculptor Isamu Noguchi when in 1975 he bought the building which would become the museum and cleaned up its back lot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isamu Noguchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is southwest of Austin and northeast of San Antonio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "San Antonio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The album is named after a song on it which mourns the loss of Kevin Richardson 's father , who is also Brian Littrell 's uncle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kevin Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "Brian Littrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pursuit , capture and release , or capture for food of fish is called fishing , which is not commonly categorised as a form of hunting .", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no direct evidence for hunting predating \" Homo erectus \" , in either \" Homo habilis \" or in \" Australopithecus \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australopithecus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earliest dated find of surviving wooden hunting spears dates to the very end of the Lower Paleolithic , just before 300,000 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lower Paleolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hunting hypothesis sees the emergence of behavioral modernity in the Middle Paleolithic as directly related to hunting , including mating behaviour , the establishment of language , culture , and religion , mythology and animal sacrifice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle Paleolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the Mesolithic , hunting strategies had diversified with the development of these more far-reaching weapons and the domestication of the dog about 15,000 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesolithic", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On ancient reliefs , especially from Mesopotamia , kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesopotamia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the domestication of the dog , birds of prey , and the ferret , various forms of animal-aided hunting developed , including venery ( scent hound hunting , such as fox hunting ) , coursing ( sight hound hunting ) , falconry , and ferreting .", "entity": [{"entity": "birds of prey", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "ferret", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "scent hound", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species ( often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vermin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theodore Roosevelt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "Boone and Crockett Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some groups represent a specific hunting interest , such as Ducks Unlimited , Pheasants Forever , or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ducks Unlimited", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Pheasants Forever", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Delta Waterfowl Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The imperial hunts were organised mainly in Peterhof , Tsarskoye Selo , and Gatchina .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peterhof", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Tsarskoye Selo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Gatchina", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hunting in Australia has evolved around the hunting and eradication of various animals considered to be pests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trinidad and Tobago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the populations of the five major mammalian game species ( red-rumped agouti , lowland paca , nine-banded armadillo , collared peccary , and red brocket deer ) are thought to be relatively low when compared to less-hunted regions in nearby mainland South America ( although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "red-rumped agouti", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "lowland paca", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "nine-banded armadillo", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [108, 129]}, {"entity": "collared peccary", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [132, 148]}, {"entity": "South America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [263, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated in Tobago as a result of over-hunting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tobago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By some time in the mid 20th century another extirpation due to over-hunting occurred in Trinidad with its population of horned screamer ( a large game bird ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trinidad", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "horned screamer", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various herons , ducks , doves , the green iguana , the cryptic golden tegu , the spectacled caiman , the common opossum and the capybara are also commonly hunted and poached .", "entity": [{"entity": "green iguana", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "spectacled caiman", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "common opossum", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "capybara", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Big game , like moose , most often have a seasonal bag limit of one animal per hunter .", "entity": [{"entity": "moose", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Tanzania , it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanzania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The markhor is an endangered species of wild goat which inhabits the mountains of Central Asia and Pakistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "markhor", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Central Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the town is located on the Barnett Shale , and drilling for shale gas in close proximity to residential neighborhoods has sharply divided parts of the community .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barnett Shale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially , funding proved elusive , but by 1989 the first of multi-use trails had been constructed , partly funded by a grant from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Parks and Wildlife Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also hosted six FA Cup finals and several other high-profile football fixtures while Wembley Stadium was being redeveloped .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA Cup", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Wembley Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The natural grass turf was made up of a modular system installed by GreenTech ITM .", "entity": [{"entity": "GreenTech ITM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium has a resident hawk named \" Dad \" , who is employed to drive seagulls and pigeons out of the stadium .", "entity": [{"entity": "hawk", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium had recently been rated as a five-star stadium by UEFA , making it one of the favourites to host the match , but the final was eventually awarded to Old Trafford , the home of Manchester United .", "entity": [{"entity": "UEFA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "Old Trafford", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [188, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tina Turner performed a sold-out concert at the stadium during her highly successful Twenty Four Seven Tour in 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tina Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Twenty Four Seven Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [85, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stadium offers conferencing facilities via the foodservice organisation Compass Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Compass Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using improved techniques , 22 years later , in 2017 , a research team at the Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou , China created another transgenic potato plant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu Agricultural University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 107]}, {"entity": "Lanzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An active substance in snowdrop is called galantamine , which , as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor , could have acted as an antidote to Circe 's poisons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Circe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galantamine ( or galanthamine ) may be helpful in the treatment of Alzheimer 's disease , although it is not a cure ; the substance also occurs naturally in daffodils and other narcissi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimer 's disease", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [67, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperatures slowly climb from the 90 s to over 100 going into the dog days of summer ; lows are in the 70 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "dog days", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Longview Economic Development Corporation website provides more details about the transportation infrastructure , including air , rail , trucking , waterways , and highway information .", "entity": [{"entity": "Longview Economic Development Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian McFadden left in 2004 to pursue a solo career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian McFadden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group rose to fame with their debut international self-titled studio album , \" Westlife \" ( 1999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westlife", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the American Civil Liberties Union , \" the music pounded constantly as part of a scheme to assault prisoners ’ senses \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Civil Liberties Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also in this year , they launched their first world tour , \" Where Dreams Come True Tour \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Where Dreams Come True Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cash rolled in from sales of their merchandise , while a recent advertising deal with Adidas was worth 488,000 euros to each of them with a total of 3.33 \" million euros each at the end of the said tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adidas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also featured a live performance by their fathers with their version of \" That 's Life \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "That 's Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recording of a concert from the tour , live from Sheffield , was released in November 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheffield", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their seventh album , \" The Love Album \" was a compilation concept album which consisted of popular love-song covers .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Love Album", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was hosted by Holly Willoughby .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holly Willoughby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tour marked the first time that the group had travelled and performed in New Zealand , performing four sold-out shows in Auckland , Wellington , New Plymouth and Christchurch .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Zealand", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Auckland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Wellington", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "New Plymouth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "Christchurch", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In March 2011 , they started their eleventh major concert tour , the Gravity Tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gravity Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tour marked the first time the group travelled to Oman , Namibia , Guangzhou and Vietnam for concerts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oman", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "Namibia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had been in contact with Ed Sheeran and James Arthur to create songs for the band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ed Sheeran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "James Arthur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were the first ever pop band to top the entertainment bill at the Vatican City and a private concert for the Pope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vatican City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band was also mentioned in the book version of \" Me Before You \" , which was released in 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Me Before You", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite their popularity , some artist have expressed their dislike to the group like Eminem , Christina Aguilera , Bob Geldof , Pierce Brosnan , Liam Gallagher , Melanie C , Victoria Beckham , Gary Barlow , Damon Albarn and Noel Gallagher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eminem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Christina Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 113]}, {"entity": "Bob Geldof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Pierce Brosnan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "Liam Gallagher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Melanie C", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 172]}, {"entity": "Victoria Beckham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "Gary Barlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [194, 205]}, {"entity": "Damon Albarn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [208, 220]}, {"entity": "Noel Gallagher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [225, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to the Ford Transit of the time , the configuration moved the engine as far forward as possible and lower in the chassis than in its predecessor ; although the hood was nearly twice as long , the hoodline was much lower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ford Transit", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As with the smaller Ford Aerostar , the fourth-generation model line was offered two body lengths on a common wheelbase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ford Aerostar", "entity_type": "vehicle", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was named for Russell Conwell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russell Conwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proline was first isolated in 1900 by Richard Willstätter who obtained the amino acid while studying N-methylproline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Willstätter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe diseases such as scurvy can result from defects in this hydroxylation , e.g. , mutations in the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase or lack of the necessary ascorbate ( vitamin C ) cofactor .", "entity": [{"entity": "scurvy", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "ascorbate ( vitamin C )", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [154, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth medium used in plant tissue culture may be supplemented with proline .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth medium", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was interim manager of FC Basel .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Basel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This goal was controversial as referee Horacio Elizondo overruled a judgement of offside by his assistant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Horacio Elizondo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "92 , the first time a skater broke the 13-minute barrier on this distance , and this world record stood for three years , until it was broken by Carl Verheijen and Chad Hedrick .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Verheijen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "Chad Hedrick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others include public integrity mechanisms , congresses , blogging and other new forms of media scrutiny , as well as cross-border parliaments and open methods of co-ordination , of the kind practised in the European Union .", "entity": [{"entity": "European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [208, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bird is superficially similar to a large barn swallow or house martin .", "entity": [{"entity": "barn swallow", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "house martin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is , however , completely unrelated to those passerine species , since swifts are in the order Apodiformes .", "entity": [{"entity": "passerine", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "Apodiformes", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other bases may be used , such as an octagon , or a frustum with a star section shape more common to pandoro .", "entity": [{"entity": "pandoro", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is made during a long process that involves curing the dough , which is acidic , similar to sourdough .", "entity": [{"entity": "sourdough", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1919 , Angelo Motta started producing his eponymous brand of cakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelo Motta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some places , it replaces the king cake .", "entity": [{"entity": "king cake", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doctor diagnoses the young gangster with tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See Japan Golf Tour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan Golf Tour", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a 6 ' 7 \" ( 200 \" cm ) 205 \" lb ( 93 \" kg ) small forward , and played college basketball at Purdue University , from 1984 to 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Purdue University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his lone season split with the San Antonio Spurs and the Miami Heat , he averaged 5.1 points , 2.1 rebounds and 0.9 assists per game .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Antonio Spurs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Miami Heat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first four migrated to Mizoram , while the last three stayed back .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mizoram", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "resulting in the attack of the military installations in Aizawl , Lunglei and other towns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aizawl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "Lunglei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Figures such as George Washington praised her work .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Revolutionary War ( 1775 – 83 ) was also a factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [4, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , such games were only played in cold areas during winter , but artificial snow and artificial ice allow more flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally conceived as a vehicle for Nick Berry , on whom early series centred , the show saw many characters come and go over the years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nick Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "News of the show 's alleged cancellation prompted protests from \" Heartbeat \" fans around the world as well as from communities in the Yorkshire Television region where the series was filmed and where the \" Heartbeat \" - themed tourist trade is seen as an important part of the local economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yorkshire Television", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is characterised by its unique style of humour , most of which derives from allusions to current political affairs in the Federal Republic of Germany of the 1950 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Republic of Germany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facility took its name from the Liberty Township community of Bethany , which was about two miles north of the facility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberty Township", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Bethany", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For their next step , the group began the process of selecting live recordings from the 1977 tour for an official release , becoming their second live album - - the first being \" Genesis Live \" ( 1973 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genesis Live", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [179, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This features Bill Bruford on drums .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Bruford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All songs written by Tony Banks , Phil Collins , Peter Gabriel , Steve Hackett and Mike Rutherford , except where noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Phil Collins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Peter Gabriel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Steve Hackett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "Mike Rutherford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately of agricultural land surrounds the city with corn , wheat , and cotton as the primary crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "corn", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "wheat", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural gas is distributed by Atmos Energy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atmos Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cable television is primarily provided by Suddenlink Communications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suddenlink Communications", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film debuted at the 2001 Telluride Film Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telluride Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In practice , the presidential candidate is chosen through an informal process within the Communist Party of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first presidential election in Mexico was in 1934 , although these were n't considered to have met international standards until 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current president is John Magufuli .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Magufuli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States has elections on the state and local levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern Spain evolved from the union of these two kingdoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1516 , when her son Charles I ruled as king , she was nominally co-monarch but remained imprisoned until her death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles I", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a fair complexion , blue eyes and her hair colour was between strawberry-blonde and auburn , like her mother and sister Catherine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catherine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her older daughter , Eleanor of Austria , had created a semblance of a household within the palace rooms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eleanor of Austria", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was a collaboration with Kayahan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kayahan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She played sixteen years as a striker for FCR 2001 Duisburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "FCR 2001 Duisburg", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She scored three goals in the final against FSV Frankfurt .", "entity": [{"entity": "FSV Frankfurt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a huge influence on the Royal Navy in a career spanning more than 60 years , starting in a navy of wooden sailing ships armed with muzzle-loading cannon and ending in one of steel-hulled battlecruisers , submarines and the first aircraft carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He introduced daily baked bread on board ships , whereas when he entered the service it was customary to eat hard biscuits , frequently infested by biscuit beetles .", "entity": [{"entity": "hard biscuits", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ship was fitted with a new design of lamp created by Captain Philip Colomb , who came on board to inspect them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philip Colomb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As reported by his second in command , Commander Wilmot Fawkes , the ship carried out 150 runs with torpedoes in a fortnight , whereas the whole rest of the navy only performed 200 in a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilmot Fawkes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , he maintained a steady confidential correspondence with the journalist Arnold White , providing him with information and advice for a newspaper campaign promoting the needs of the navy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arnold White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He retired to Kilverstone Hall on 25 January 1911 , his 70th birthday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kilverstone Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stopped 12 of 16 shots in the shootout as Shane Doan won the competition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shane Doan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He holds the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill basketball record for most career steals .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined the Philadelphia 76ers as a free agent in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philadelphia 76ers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After playing with the 76ers for three seasons , he was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in a three-way trade also involving Derrick Coleman , Jérôme Moïso , Robert Traylor , and Vonteego Cummings , among others , in 2001 , retiring after 2004 – 05 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlotte Hornets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "Derrick Coleman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "Jérôme Moïso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "Robert Traylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Vonteego Cummings", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had a younger brother , John H. Lawrence , who would become a physician , and was a pioneer in the field of nuclear medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "John H. Lawrence", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growing up , his best friend was Merle Tuve , who would also go on to become a highly accomplished physicist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Merle Tuve", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He completed his bachelor 's degree in chemistry in 1922 , and his Master of Arts ( M.A. ) degree in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1923 under the supervision of William Francis Gray Swann .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Minnesota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "William Francis Gray Swann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reducing the emission time by switching the light source on and off rapidly made the spectrum of energy emitted broader , in conformance with Werner Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rockefeller Foundation put up $ 1.15 million to get the project started .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rockefeller Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December 1940 , Glenn T. Seaborg and Emilio Segrè used the cyclotron to bombard uranium-238 with deuterons producing a new element , neptunium-238 , which decayed by beta emission to form plutonium-238 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "Emilio Segrè", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "César Lattes then used the apparatus they had created to find negative pi mesons in 1948 .", "entity": [{"entity": "César Lattes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgeons removed much of his large intestine , but found other problems , including severe atherosclerosis in one of his arteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerosis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river represents the \" de facto \" end of the Eurasian Steppe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eurasian Steppe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Herodotus ( iv .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herodotus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scymnus ( Fr. 51 ) describes it as of easy navigation , and abounding in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scymnus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While practicing and studying the music he worked with John Kirby , Howard McGhee , Coleman Hawkins , Andy Kirk , and Billy Eckstine .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Kirby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Howard McGhee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "Coleman Hawkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Andy Kirk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Billy Eckstine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trio also recorded with other all-star personnel , such as Art Farmer , Benny Golson , and Nancy Wilson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Art Farmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Benny Golson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Nancy Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His severed head was displayed at the confluence of Wheeling Creek and the Ohio River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wheeling Creek", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "Ohio River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , Christopher Gist and George Washington surveyed the land in 1751 and 1770 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Gist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Betty Zane volunteered for the dangerous task .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betty Zane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city is directly across the river from the state of Ohio and only west of Pennsylvania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar measure was successfully adopted in Hancock County on June 30 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hancock County", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the inducement of riding to camp , the shy boy was persuaded to present his opossum directly to the President and his guest , Charles Lindbergh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Lindbergh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vice President Al Gore was one of the last senior government executives to stay there overnight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the 1960 s through 1980 s , they hardly seemed necessary , for the hemlock trees formed a thick canopy and kept the shaded grounds cool .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemlock trees", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liza Walker and Dexter Fletcher are also featured in the cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liza Walker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Dexter Fletcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six of these scripts were previously performed by Tony Hancock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Hancock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was rumoured to be a possible new host of \" Countdown \" to replace both Richard Whiteley and his successor , Des Lynam , but decided not to pursue this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Countdown", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Richard Whiteley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Des Lynam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of them are common to the point of being considered vermin while others are exceedingly rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "vermin", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her successor Haile Selassie was also linked in the female line .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haile Selassie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Adonis vernalis \" , known variously as \" pheasant 's eye \" , \" spring pheasant 's eye \" , \" yellow pheasant 's eye \" and \" false hellebore \" , is a perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae .", "entity": [{"entity": "perennial", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "flowering plant", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [160, 175]}, {"entity": "Ranunculaceae", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [200, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she was seven years old , her father Leopold Mozart started teaching her to play the harpsichord .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leopold Mozart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Fredensborg Palace on 13 \" February 2018 , after a short illness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fredensborg Palace", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was particularly fond of wooden figures and jade , building up collections which he exhibited in 2017 at the museum in Koldinghus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koldinghus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1966 , he performed his military service with the Royal Netherlands Air Force , and attained a military pilot license the following year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Netherlands Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He presented a final report on September 21 , 2006 with such devastating findings that ministers Piet Hein Donner and Sybilla Dekker resigned over it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piet Hein Donner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 113]}, {"entity": "Sybilla Dekker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third responsible minister , Rita Verdonk refused to resign despite her responsibility in the matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rita Verdonk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to the game , a ceremony was held with video tributes from manager Bryan Price and singer Eddie Vedder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bryan Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Eddie Vedder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is buried in the communal cemetery of Saint-Cloud ( near Paris ) , with his wife who died in 1947 , and two other people who bear his name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint-Cloud", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the liner had been sunk in a portion of the harbor allocated to Yugoslavia , which blocked any recovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She panics about what she will do after graduating ; following some rejection , she gets a job reporting on the Barack Obama campaign trail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barack Obama", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lauren Graham was pursued by the casting directors from the start of the process , but she was committed to another show on NBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lauren Graham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matt Czuchry , who had a main role for the final three seasons , commented \" The pace of the dialogue was what made that show incredibly unique , and also incredibly difficult as an actor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matt Czuchry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revival miniseries , titled \" Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life \" , was filmed from February to May 2016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [34, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book also explores the role played by anarchists during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spanish Civil War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [64, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disputes also extended into the Atlantic Ocean , where both powers wanted access to the rich fisheries of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlantic Ocean", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Grand Banks", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "Newfoundland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Braddock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence .", "entity": [{"entity": "War of Independence", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance , until troops were called in to enforce the Crown 's authority , and they ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Revolutionary War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [169, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pit-cooked camas bulb looks and tastes something like baked sweet potato , but sweeter , and with more crystalline fibers due to the presence of inulin in the bulbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "sweet potato", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When dried , the bulbs could be pounded into flour .", "entity": [{"entity": "flour", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camas bulbs contributed to the survival of members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis and Clark Expedition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally the plant spreads by seed rather than by runners .", "entity": [{"entity": "seed", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indigenous groups that lived in environments that suited camas production , such as the Coast Salish , developed networks of exchange in order to procure a variety of goods and foods , such as cedar bark baskets and dried halibut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coast Salish", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1926 to 1936 , he represented the \" département \" of \" Territoire de Belfort \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Territoire de Belfort", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1976 , he moved to FC Utrecht , where he played 142 matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Utrecht", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other four players are his teammates Berry van Aerle , Ronald Koeman , Gerald Vanenburg and Wim Kieft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berry van Aerle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Ronald Koeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "Gerald Vanenburg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "Wim Kieft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , he was appointed as director of football at FC Utrecht .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC Utrecht", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The battlefield , beside the village of Sátorhely , became an official national historical memorial site in 1976 on the 450th anniversary of the battle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sátorhely", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died in Tallinn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tallinn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flattened petiole is edged by two rows of 25 – 30 tiny oval leaflets ; the leaflets are soon deciduous in dry weather ( and during the winter in some areas ) leaving the green petioles and branches to photosynthesize .", "entity": [{"entity": "deciduous", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its native range has expanded over the last several decades into the ( Edwards Plateau and Central Texas ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edwards Plateau", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Central Texas", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been introduced in Europe and it is widespread in Australia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finite differences trace their origins back to one of Jost Bürgi 's algorithms ( ) and work by others including Isaac Newton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jost Bürgi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Isaac Newton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He signed for Aston Villa in 1961 , on his 17th birthday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aston Villa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He moved for £ 120,000 to Manchester United in December 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After retiring from playing , he became a coach at Crystal Palace and then later Queens Park Rangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crystal Palace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "Queens Park Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the fifth game of the season he replaced the long serving Howard Wilkinson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Wilkinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been out of management ever since , concentrating on his career as a football pundit for Sky Sports .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sky Sports", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannes Film Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film starred Leonardo DiCaprio , Tom Hardy , Domhnall Gleeson , and Will Poulter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonardo DiCaprio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Tom Hardy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Domhnall Gleeson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 65]}, {"entity": "Will Poulter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His final match was perhaps fittingly against Hibernian at Easter Road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hibernian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Easter Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term affinity , as used in chemical relation , dates back to at least the time of Albertus Magnus in 1250 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albertus Magnus", "entity_type": "mythical figure", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to this , in 1780 Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace laid the foundations of thermochemistry by showing that the heat given out in a reaction is equal to the heat absorbed in the reverse reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antoine Lavoisier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "Pierre-Simon Laplace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Set in a posh New York apartment in the course of one day in the spring of 1987 , the novel contains frequent flashbacks that describe life in a black neighbourhood in the 1950 s and 1960 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the music from which was released on vinyl in 1982 by Virgin Records , featuring vocals by Robert Wyatt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Virgin Records", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "Robert Wyatt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was reported that she caused a stir in the larger populace with her Twitter feed gaining 8,000 new followers in just 2 days and Google saying searches for her experienced a \" breakout \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Google", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The belief that \" Claosaurus \" had a gizzard has been discredited on the grounds that the fossil remains this claim was based on were another species and the stones merely from a stream .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claosaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most notable cases are \" Pterodaustro \" ( inferred via gastroliths ) and \" Rhamphorhynchus \" ( directly preserved ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pterodaustro", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Rhamphorhynchus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stewed gizzards are eaten as a snack in Portugal , with a tomato based sauce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portugal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Hungary , it is made with paprika .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "paprika", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Italy , gizzards are often used mixed with other offal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "offal", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Indonesia , gizzard and liver are considered part of a complete fried poultry dish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Korea , chicken gizzard , called \" dak-ttongjip \" , is stir-fried and eaten as anju or yasik .", "entity": [{"entity": "Korea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Taiwan , gizzards are often slow-cooked and served hot or cold in slices , with green onions and soy sauce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skewered deep-fried gizzards without batter are also popular and served on the menu of many fried chicken stores .", "entity": [{"entity": "batter", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Areas famous for their gizzard are Sichuan and Hubei provinces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sichuan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Hubei", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Iran , some kebab restaurants mix chicken gizzards in their koobideh kebabs to increase the meat content .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "kebab", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Nepal , gizzard is called \" jaatey \" or \" pangra \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nepal", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ghana , it is eaten boiled , fried or grilled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ghana", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Kenya , Uganda , Cameroon and Nigeria , the gizzard of a cooked chicken is traditionally set aside for the oldest or most respected male at the table .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Uganda", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Cameroon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Mexico , they are eaten with rice or with chicken soup .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and surrounding lowlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lesser Caucasus", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three territories in the region claim independence but are recognized as such by only a handful of entities : , Abkhazia and South Ossetia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abkhazia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "South Ossetia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one example from Georgia , two brothers , who are being held prisoner by a giant one-eyed shepherd called \" One-eye \" , take a spit , heat it up , stab it into the giant 's eye , and escape .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some relict species of vertebrates are Caucasian parsley frog , Caucasian salamander , Robert 's snow vole , and Caucasian grouse , and there are almost entirely endemic groups of animals such as lizards of genus \" Darevskia \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caucasian parsley frog", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "Caucasian salamander", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [64, 84]}, {"entity": "Robert 's snow vole", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "Caucasian grouse", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "Darevskia", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [215, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in Mileham , one of eight children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mileham", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most early lawyers were not noted for their eloquence , with Thomas Elyot writing that \" [ they ] lacked elocution and pronunciation , two of the principal parts of rhetorike \" , and Roger Ascham saying that \" they do best when they cry loudest \" , describing a court case where an advocate was \" roaring like a bull \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Elyot", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Roger Ascham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The architect Varney Parkes replaced the old spire , using copper that was pre-weathered so that there was no radical change in its appearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Varney Parkes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To serve these purposes the architect John H. Buckeridge was employed to transform the building 's interior , completing the work in 1901 .", "entity": [{"entity": "John H. Buckeridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1904 the diocesan architect , John Burcham Clamp , was employed to design a new parish hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Burcham Clamp", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The church was \" packed to the doors \" when the seventh rector , W.F. Wentworth-Sheilds , officiated at the \" impressive funeral \" of Walter Liberty Vernon in 1914 .", "entity": [{"entity": "W.F. Wentworth-Sheilds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "Walter Liberty Vernon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weekday recitals , such as the organ recitals given in 1936 of music by Bach , continued in addition to the music played on Sundays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parish and the Bicentennial Council of New South Wales funded the redesign which saw the removal of the infilling from between the columns of the portico and its replacement with stained glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bicentennial Council of New South Wales", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A specially adapted form of Eucharist is celebrated there on the first Sunday of the month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eucharist", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was the brother of poet Dorothea Mackellar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dorothea Mackellar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was unveiled by the 37th Governor , Marie Bashir .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marie Bashir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The campus landscape was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olmsted Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He played as a goalkeeper for Vojvodina last , and then retired and became goalkeeping coach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vojvodina", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is a lesbian in the film , played by Lotte Lenya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lotte Lenya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also on the same bill were Jimmy Clitheroe and Roy Castle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Clitheroe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Roy Castle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he enjoyed making people laugh , he was also a serious student of comedy and history , and was interested in Sigmund Freud and Henri Bergson 's analysis of humour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sigmund Freud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "Henri Bergson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The service was attended by actors Ricky Tomlinson , Stephanie Cole and Miriam Margolyes , comedians Jimmy Tarbuck , Stan Boardman and Jimmy Cricket , and television executive Michael Grade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ricky Tomlinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "Stephanie Cole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Miriam Margolyes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Tarbuck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "Stan Boardman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Cricket", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Michael Grade", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [176, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He first led the Atlanta Braves from 1978 to 1981 , and then managed the Toronto Blue Jays from 1982 to 1985 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta Braves", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Toronto Blue Jays", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , he was traded to the New York Yankees on December 7 , 1967 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This team featured such future major leaguers as Ron Guidry , Mickey Klutts , Terry Whitfield and Juan Bernhardt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron Guidry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Mickey Klutts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Terry Whitfield", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Juan Bernhardt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group has only officially released its albums in Japan , and is best known there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usage of the term \" hot hatchback \" began in the United Kingdom in 1983 , which was shortened to \" hot hatch \" in 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consciousness is retained for up to 15 seconds as the effects of oxygen starvation set in .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen starvation", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The suit was developed in just over a year by students from the University of North Dakota , North Dakota State , Dickinson State , the state College of Science and Turtle Mountain Community College .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of North Dakota", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 90]}, {"entity": "North Dakota State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "Dickinson State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "College of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 160]}, {"entity": "Turtle Mountain Community College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Science fiction authors such as Robert A. Heinlein contributed to the development of fictional space suit concepts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert A. Heinlein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although his team-mate Jimmy McGrory described him as having \" artists hands \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy McGrory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 30,000 \" people went to his funeral in Cardenden ( where he lived as a boy ) on 9 September 1931 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardenden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of them had walked the journey of from Glasgow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glasgow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a \" Detroit Free Press \" All-State selection in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Detroit Free Press", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the space of only four months , they traded Julius Erving and Swen Nater for cash and / or draft picks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julius Erving", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Swen Nater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river flows southwest of the Hamrin Mountains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamrin Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received an Associate Diploma from the London College of Music .", "entity": [{"entity": "London College of Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show 's attendances were not impressive and on one occasion the only person in the audience was comedian Dominic Holland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dominic Holland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Host Mark Lamarr continually teased him about his looks and his pre-occupation with woodland animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark Lamarr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has also appeared twice on \" Friday Night with Jonathan Ross \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday Night with Jonathan Ross", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [32, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He travelled around producing and filming the series in Indonesia and Borneo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Borneo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1937 , he left for the United States to study under Bernard Rogers .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Bernard Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He married Helen Tenenbaum on July 12 , 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helen Tenenbaum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nearly two months later , he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for forward Peter Schaefer on 21 September .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vancouver Canucks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "Peter Schaefer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after returning , he sustained nerve damage in his shoulder from a hit against the Edmonton Oilers in December .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edmonton Oilers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly after returning , he was hit in the face by a clearing attempt from teammate Alexander Edler during a game against the Nashville Predators on 2 November 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexander Edler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Nashville Predators", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recorded four points in six games before suffering a tournament-ending shoulder injury in a collision with teammate Ville Peltonen during a line change in front of the team bench .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ville Peltonen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film received a 22 % rating on Rotten Tomatoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major damage of the city was mostly caused by airstrikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force in an attempt to eliminate the militants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philippine Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He married beach volleyball player Leanne Schuster in August 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leanne Schuster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This section also featured an extensive list of sexual deviations which included pedophilia and homosexuality ( in terms of the game , a traumatic event could potentially induce a character to convert from one sexual orientation to another ) , despite the latter having been officially declassified as a mental illness more than a decade before .", "entity": [{"entity": "pedophilia", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The operculum has translucent cells which confuse its insect prey as they appear to be patches of sky .", "entity": [{"entity": "insect", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This error was not corrected until better fruiting specimens were collected by William Baxter in the 1820 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier in the season there was also unconfirmed speculation that Southampton had offered as much as £ 600,000 for the player .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five days later , he scored for the club in a 2 – 2 draw with Colchester United , and also set up a goal for Jordan Obita .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchester United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "Jordan Obita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his debut at The New Lawn on 8 March as a late substitute for Lee Hughes in a 3 – 2 win over Cambridge United .", "entity": [{"entity": "The New Lawn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Lee Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "Cambridge United", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was burnt out of the house in 1922 , having a replacement built that was designed by Clough Williams-Ellis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clough Williams-Ellis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vespasian began a reorganization of the precarious finances of the state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vespasian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This building , which was a prison in the 19th century , is said to be the palace of Augustus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Augustus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occupied the greater part of what is now the department of Maine-et-Loire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maine-et-Loire", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of the year 851 , he had succeeded in occupying all the western part as far as the Mayenne .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mayenne", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 460,000 people live in the Região de Coimbra , comprising 19 municipalities and extending into an area of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Região de Coimbra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 460,000 inhabitants live in the Região de Coimbra , consisting of 19 municipalities comprising a territory of .", "entity": [{"entity": "Região de Coimbra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the dry season of the Northern Territory in Australia , Magpie geese eat the bulbs of water chestnuts , allowing them to put on fat for the wet season and ensuring they are ready for breeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northern Territory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Magpie geese", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This expansion pack adds more rare animals , including the koala , Gray Wolf , Komodo dragon , scimitar-horned oryx , American bison and orangutan , as well as a number of new forms of transportation , including sky trams , jeep tours and elevated paths .", "entity": [{"entity": "koala", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Gray Wolf", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Komodo dragon", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "scimitar-horned oryx", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [95, 115]}, {"entity": "American bison", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "orangutan", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expansion also has a feature called \" variant skins \" , which means that when the player adopts an animal , it may look different from normal members of its species ( such as a white Bengal tiger and king cheetah ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "white Bengal tiger", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [181, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It added four new animals to the game - \" Tyrannosaurus \" , \" Triceratops \" , \" Carnotaurus \" , and \" Styracosaurus \" , as well as new objects to be used for them and a campaign game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyrannosaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Triceratops", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Carnotaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Styracosaurus", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expansion also includes marine plants , the ability to build tanks , animal shows , mini games to teach some of the player 's marine animals behaviors , and four new aquatic biomes ( reef , coastal , pelagic , and benthic ) , and new scenarios and challenges .", "entity": [{"entity": "plants", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final album of his recording career was 1983 's \" The Nashville Sessions \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Nashville Sessions", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [54, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the validity of that ownership is the subject of a lawsuit brought by NBCUniversal .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBCUniversal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was also briefly engaged to Gail Renshaw , Miss World–U .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gail Renshaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her father is from the Dominican Republic , They separated when she was a child .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dominican Republic", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "with Tiny , Tamar Braxton and Claudia Jordan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tiny", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "Tamar Braxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Claudia Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is also the uncle of Brent Bozell III and political consultant William F. B. O'Reilly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brent Bozell III", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "William F. B. O'Reilly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seat had previously been held by Judge Edward Allen Tamm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Allen Tamm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following ancient tradition , the obverse of coins of the United Kingdom ( and predecessor kingdoms going back to the middle ages ) almost always feature the head of the monarch .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "middle ages", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only break in this tradition almost occurred in 1936 when Edward VIII , believing his left side to be superior to his right , insisted on his image facing left , as his father 's image had .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward VIII", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently a scout for the Calgary Flames .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calgary Flames", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" and \" The Magicians \" for BBC One .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Magicians", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "BBC One", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is currently the Chancellor of Birmingham City University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birmingham City University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His stand-up material , which sold well on LP , owed much to the writing abilities of Kim Fuller .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Fuller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tv \" was broadcast on BBC One .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC One", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reflecting wryly on the incident many years later , Phil Edmonds wrote that the brick \" probably swung in late and viciously before hitting him on the head , \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phil Edmonds", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film is based on the 1972 novel of the same name by David Morrell .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Morrell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lionsgate also released this version on Blu-ray .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lionsgate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 85 % of critics have given the film a positive review based on 46 reviews , with an average rating of 7.16 / 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotten Tomatoes", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second sequel , \" The Brady Bunch in the White House \" , aired on Fox in November 2002 as a made-for-television film .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Brady Bunch in the White House", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [20, 54]}, {"entity": "Fox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noticeably absent was any political commentary , especially regarding the Vietnam War , which was being waged at its largest extent during the height of the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vietnam War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 2010 issue of \" TV Guide \" , the show 's opening title sequence ranked number eight on a list of TV 's top-10 credits sequences , as selected by readers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contemporary establishing shots of the house were filmed with the owner 's permission for the 1990 TV series \" The Bradys \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Bradys", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Florence Henderson and Ann B. Davis also appeared regularly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florence Henderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Ann B. Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Eubanks guest-starred as himself in an episode where the two couples appear on \" The Newlywed Game \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Eubanks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "The Newlywed Game", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , cast members Christopher Knight , Susan Olsen , Mike Lookinland , Barry Williams , Ann B. Davis , and creator Sherwood Schwartz reflect on the impact of the show on their lives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Knight", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Susan Olsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Mike Lookinland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "Barry Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "Ann B. Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Sherwood Schwartz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed by Malcolm Leo , the special was originally broadcast on ABC on May 19 , 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malcolm Leo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another sequel , \" The Brady Bunch in the White House , \" was made-for-television and aired on Fox in 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Brady Bunch in the White House", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [19, 53]}, {"entity": "Fox", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the son of reggae icon Bob Marley and Rita Marley .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Marley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Rita Marley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His debut solo album , \" Dragonfly \" , was released in April 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dragonfly", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also appeared on \" Counting Cars \" on the History channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Counting Cars", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "History", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868 .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Marine Band", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was a descendant of the inventor of the steamboat , John Fitch .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Fitch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To recreate the city , the developers used commercial satellite imaging , GPS technology and traditional photographs , with the in-game city stretching from the Hollywood Hills to Downtown to Santa Monica to Marina Del Rey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood Hills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "Downtown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "Santa Monica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [192, 204]}, {"entity": "Marina Del Rey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [208, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several days later , Michelle Rodriguez and Michael Madsen were also added to the cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michelle Rodriguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "Michael Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After several misdiagnoses , she was operated on and survived a bout of ulcerative colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ulcerative colitis", "entity_type": "disease", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the weeks of recovery in mid-1972 , she watched television in the hospital and saw David Bowie on \" Top of the Pops \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Bowie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Top of the Pops", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their debut album , \" The Scream \" , was one of the first post-punk records released .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Scream", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Join Hands \" followed in 1979 with war as the lyrical theme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Join Hands", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Spin \" reviewed it as \" haughty and stately \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spin", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [2, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By this stage , he had become a prominent figure in the Orange Order and in the unionist political movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orange Order", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1910 , a statue , erected by public subscription , was unveiled at Portadown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Portadown", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced by assistant coach Scott Skiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott Skiles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the season , Paul Pierce , team captain and face of the franchise , expressed frustration with the team 's failures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MT began writing at a very young age , inspired by his elder brothers who wrote time and again in several literary journals and poet Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri who was his senior at high school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was well received in the literary circles but received criticism from critic and painter M. V. Devan .", "entity": [{"entity": "M. V. Devan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June 2007 , Marc Forster was confirmed as director .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marc Forster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sequence requiring several hundred extras was also shot at nearby Colón .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colón", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally , he would have emerged from the city 's cisterns at Siena Cathedral , but this was thought disrespectful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siena Cathedral", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opening credits were created by MK12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK12", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild birds such as crimson sunbird , greater racket-tailed drongo and kingfishers are found in the reserve , too .", "entity": [{"entity": "crimson sunbird", "entity_type": "animal", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there , he supported himself by working as a dresser for Nigel Hawthorne and Sir Ralph Richardson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nigel Hawthorne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "Ralph Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tony Kushner , Harold Pinter and Vanessa Redgrave , among others , criticised the decision to indefinitely delay the show .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Kushner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Harold Pinter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "Vanessa Redgrave", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more traditional ones are cream ( malai ) , rose , mango , cardamom ( \" elaichi \" ) , saffron ( \" kesar \" or \" zafran \" ) , and pistachio .", "entity": [{"entity": "rose", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "mango", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "cardamom", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "saffron", "entity_type": "plant", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kulfi is also served with falooda ( vermicelli noodles made from starch ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vermicelli", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kulfi is a popular food available anywhere , especially in tourist locations such as Mumbai , at places like the Gateway of India and the Elephanta Caves .", "entity": [{"entity": "food", "entity_type": "food", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Mumbai", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Gateway of India", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "Elephanta Caves", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 British Waterways took control of the site in an attempt to protect it .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Waterways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film used the translation of Walter Whipple .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Whipple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his first at bat back , he hit a 2 RBI single against the Texas Rangers with the bases loaded and 2 outs in the first inning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas Rangers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His parents were both natives of Pinsk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinsk", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although he began his musical studies at the Łódź Conservatory , his doctoral study was in law at the University of Warsaw .", "entity": [{"entity": "Łódź Conservatory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "University of Warsaw", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He joined Southampton from Bath City in 1989 for a fee of £ 15,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southampton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Bath City", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show was included on a DVD titled \" The Farewell Tour \" which was released in 2003 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Farewell Tour", "entity_type": "media", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hugh Henshall was asked to survey the proposed route of the canal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Henshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He suggested that mill owners could be protected by a suitable clause in the bill , and such a clause was duly obtained by Robert Peel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Peel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gamma photons are diffracted for a spectrum read-out ; in addition , the half-life of the decaying isotope can be calculated , which also is characteristic and serves as an identifier .", "entity": [{"entity": "half-life", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of the formation of the MPPC , Thomas Edison owned most of the major patents relating to motion pictures , including that for raw film .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Edison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there , the company decided to explore new territories , traveling several miles north to Hollywood , a little village that was friendly and positive about the movie company filming there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only had he been producing pictures for a decade , but he brought along commitments for films starring his wife , Norma Talmadge , his sister-in-law , Constance Talmadge , and his brother-in-law , Buster Keaton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norma Talmadge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "Constance Talmadge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 173]}, {"entity": "Buster Keaton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was replaced as president by sales manager Al Lichtman who himself resigned after only a few months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Lichtman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later members included William Cagney , Sol Lesser , and Hal Roach .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Cagney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Sol Lesser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Hal Roach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filmmakers such as Ken Jacobs with little or no formal training began to experiment with new ways of making and shooting films .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Jacobs", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon a common belief that the \" official cinema \" was \" running out of breath \" and had become \" morally corrupt , aesthetically obsolete , thematically superficial , [ and ] temperamentally boring \" , this new crop of independents formed The Film-Makers ' Cooperative , an artist-run , non-profit organization which they would use to distribute their films through a centralized archive .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Film-Makers ' Cooperative", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [245, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this time , independent producer / director Roger Corman began a sweeping body of work that would become legendary for its frugality and grueling shooting schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Corman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
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+["date", "organization", "person", "geographical social political", "national religious political", "facility", "cardinal", "location", "work of art", "law", "event", "product", "ordinal", "percent", "time", "quantity", "money", "language"]
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+{"text": "Dealing with serial crimes per se .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can see the emerging behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we can see that this is a behavior that is not going to stop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You can have hundreds of individuals as suspects and can narrow the focus of your investigation to a smaller pool of people .", "entity": [{"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it gives you a starting point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The good news is even though at any given point in time that there are these people out there perpetrating these crimes we are getting better at catching them and better at catching them sooner So that instead of waiting until they 've committed twelve crimes or instead of having twelve murders take place before we catch somebody now we may catch them after the first or second murder .", "entity": [{"entity": "twelve", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [246, 252]}, {"entity": "twelve", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [281, 287]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [364, 369]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [373, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will never in my lifetime learn why a serial killer becomes a serial killer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But maybe the work that I 'm doing now will be able to take other people down avenues to explore with more tools with more ability to experiment with more ability to study on a hands - on basis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I will never learn that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a psychologist through all the interviews that I 've conducted all the cases that I 've reviewed what I 've learned is that these people while bright um and while at some level charming are emotionally and spiritually bankrupt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I 've learned that there is such a thing as evil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While criminal profiling has been the topic of best selling books and award winning films it is merely one tool used to solve crimes .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact is that often offenders are caught while committing minor crimes like traffic violations or simply because they raise suspicion of local police .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's our crime files investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm John Seganthaler .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Seganthaler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From NBC news in Washington this is Meet The Press with Tim Russet .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC news", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Meet The Press with Tim Russet", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our issues this Sunday North Korea 's Kim Jong - Il defies the world testing long range missiles which one day could deliver nuclear warheads .", "entity": [{"entity": "this Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "North Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can this man be stopped /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With us from the Bush administration the third ranking official at the state department Ambassador Nicholas Burns The former Assistant Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter of Harvard University 's Kennedy school of government The man who led the negotiations for the nineteen ninety four nuclear agreement with North Korea Robert Gallucci Dean of the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University And the former US Ambassador to the United Nations who has visited North Korea five times Governor Bill Richardson of New Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Ashton Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 169]}, {"entity": "Harvard University 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 194]}, {"entity": "Kennedy school of government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [195, 223]}, {"entity": "nineteen ninety four", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [265, 285]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [309, 320]}, {"entity": "Robert Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [321, 336]}, {"entity": "the School of Foreign Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [345, 374]}, {"entity": "Georgetown University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [378, 399]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [415, 417]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [432, 450]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [467, 478]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [479, 483]}, {"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [499, 514]}, {"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [518, 528]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in our Meet the Press Minute former President Gerald Ford turns ninety three this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meet the Press Minute", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "Gerald Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "ninety three", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He last appeared as president on Meet the Press thirty one years ago when he talked about age as a state of mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meet the Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "thirty one years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But first North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on the fourth of July North Korea tested medium and long range +missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and their nuclear program appears to be full speed ahead .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is the Bush administration going to do about it /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here with us the Undersecretary of State Nicholas Burns .", "entity": [{"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Ambassador good morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you Tim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "good morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will the United States insist that the United Nations impose sanctions against North Korea /?", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well we are pursuing a very aggressive resolution up in New York at the Security Council .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "the Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we think we 've got the votes to pass that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we 're also operating on multiple diplomatic fronts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have our lead negotiator Chris Hill Ambassador Hill in Beijing Seoul and Tokyo this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Bush and Secretary Rice have been working the phones with uh their counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 've also had a very interesting development today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the Chinese Government is sending tonight to a senior delegation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you know frankly we think it 's time for China to use its influence with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese have influence certainly more than the United States and the other members of the international community dealing with this problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China now has an opportunity to put its best foot forward , to send the North Koreans a direct message that these missile tests can not be tolerated and the North Koreans now have to come back to the September nineteenth two thousand five agreement and they 've got to denuclearize give up their nuclear ambitions and abide by the agreement that they made with the rest of us nearly a year ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [153, 170]}, {"entity": "September nineteenth two thousand five", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [200, 238]}, {"entity": "nearly a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [376, 393]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the South Koreans and the Chinese have both said they do not believe there should be sanctions against North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "the South Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will the US absolutely insist that there be sanctions in the UN resolution /?", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you look at this UN resolution that 's under debate in New York it does .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's a chapter seven resolution so it has the effect of compulsory behavior by all the member states .", "entity": [{"entity": "chapter seven", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It says that what the North Koreans did was a threat to international peace and security .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It does ask all member states not to engage in nuclear trade with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That strikes us as an obvious point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think what we have to do we 'll see a lot of diplomacy over the next couple of days .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next couple of days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 'll have to see how the Chinese and Russians react to this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Russians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but our view is that the five parties ought to remain united and that the goal of the current diplomacy should be to use the combined leverage of China and Russia 's of South Korea Japan and the United States to force the North Koreans back to the negotiating table .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 186]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [191, 208]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [218, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's certainly the best policy for the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Force the North Koreans back to the negotiating table .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "there are many as you know Mister Ambassador who believe the North Koreans did this launch on the fourth of July to get our attention Because they saw the way we were treating Iran differently than we were treating North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "the fourth of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 180]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [215, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's one Nicholas Burns on National Public Radio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicholas Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "National Public Radio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With Iran the United States has made an offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that is we are willing to sit down and negotiate with the Iranians assuming and contingent upon their suspension of their nuclear activities at their plant in the in Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why not sit down in the same way with North Koreans Say to them stop developing your program .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we 'll sit down with you one on one .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well Tim we 're trying to sit down with the North Koreans in the context of the six party talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 've been saying for months now that the right step forward is for North Korea to return to these talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but we really do n't see the logic in turning this into a test of wills between two countries the United States and North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact is that China has the same interest as the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should have the same interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that is to stop the North Korea nuclear program .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our allies Japan and South Korea have the same interests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the Russians do as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so we think we 're far better off working within the framework of the six party talks because you get in that process the combined leverage the combined strength and frankly the combined pressure on North Korea of all these different countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [203, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I simply do n't see why it 's in the interest of the United States to get those countries out of the way and only deal with North Korea directly .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the problem here is not the lack of discussion between the United States and North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're perfectly willing to sit down with them in that six party environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and in that sense it 's analogous to what we 're trying to do with Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretary Rice announced about a month ago that should the Iranians meet the condition of suspension of their own nuclear activities we 'd be willing to sit down in another multilateral forum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "about a month ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that 's with the Europeans and Russians and Chinese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europeans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "Russians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So really you know the North Korea problem is not a problem just for the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What they did the other day on July fourth was to disrupt the peace and harmony of their relations with the Asian countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "the other day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "July fourth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the Asian countries want to be involved in these negotiations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it the policy of the Bush administration that we 'd like to see regime change in North Korea /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well this is one of the most despotic regimes in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's a major human rights violator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's massive famine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And certainly we hope for the day will come when those people will live in peace and be governed by a different type of government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh what we 've got to do now of course is focus on the most immediate problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that problem is nuclear weapons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem is the ballistic launches of the other day .", "entity": [{"entity": "the other day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think the thing to remember about those launches by the way they were provocative , they were reckless , they were also unsuccessful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They fired four scud missiles intermediate range missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They tried to fire the longer range missile the .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that was spectacularly unsuccessful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It crashed in the sea of Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "the sea of Japan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we obviously have an opportunity now for diplomacy . And an opportunity to use the combined strength of all these countries to provide some leverage put some leverage against the North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [178, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that 's what we will continue to try to do in the coming days and coming weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "coming days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "coming weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will the United States give North Korea security assurances that we will not attack their country or seek to undermine their regime /?", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you look back at this historic agreement that was signed in the six party frameworks on September nineteenth of two thousand five those types of assurances are in that agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "September nineteenth of two thousand five", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the North Koreans have obligations .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that is to take down their nuclear program dismantle it dismantle their weapons of mass destruction programs in a verifiable way before all those assurances can go into place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the other elements of the agreement can be put into place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what we 've seen since then is we 've seen the United States and Russia and China and Japan and South Korea willing to go forward willing to sit down willing to implement this entire agreement that you just referred to Tim .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but we see the North Koreans walking away from it .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we 've got to be very persistent and frankly very tough in combining with these other countries to pressure the North Koreans to live up to their commitments .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we would be willing to give North Korea increased economic aid perhaps light nuclear reactors for peaceful means and security assurance if in fact they sat down and negotiated /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The North Koreans know what 's in the September nineteenth agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "The North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "September nineteenth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's very specific about what the United States is willing to do uh to take a step forward towards them should they dismantle all their nuclear programs and their weapons of mass destruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they 've got responsibilities in this agreement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and no agreement is whole until both sides meet their agreement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what we 've seen Tim especially on July Fourth is the North Koreans in outright violation of the agreement that we made with them last September .", "entity": [{"entity": "July Fourth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "last September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do you think the North Koreans chose July Fourth /?", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "July Fourth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oh I do n't think it was coincidental .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know it 's a very unreliable and unpredictable regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last thing we want to do is react to every wild statement that they make .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but they certainly chose that to get our attention and that of the international community .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh but what they 've got to realize is there is no magic bullet here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They ca n't just think that they can sit down with the United States alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That does n't work for Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it does n't work with South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and frankly it does n't work with the Chinese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I said before that one of the most interesting developments here is this Chinese delegation going to .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Chris Hill our ambassador was in China a few days ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "a few days ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he made the point and Secretary Rice made the point yesterday to the Chinese Foreign minister , we want to see China use its influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We want to see China push forward and ask the North Koreans to meet these commitments that they 've made to all of us .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaker Newt Gingrich the former speaker Republican weighed in on this debate in this way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Newt Gingrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he offered this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time to replace the state department 's failed North Korea strategy of talk forever , act never has come .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For thirteen years the United States has talked loudly about a North Korea nuclear weapons and ballistic missile threat .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirteen years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For thirteen years the North Korean dictatorship has lied and hunkered down and continued to build nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirteen years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strategy of talking has failed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "America 's actions must be decisive or faced with a brutal totalitarian dictatorship about which we know little .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is acting in defiance of all its own international commitments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the time for talk is over .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "either they dismantle the missile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or we the United States should dismantle it .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well uh with all due respect to Speaker Gingrich we are on a course which has a reasonable chance of success .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gingrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you never want to disavow a diplomatic track a negotiating track if you think you can resolve the problem in that fashion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And as I said before we are not alone in this endeavor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we have countries united with us who can apply the same type of pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will say this what the North Koreans have done over the past week is going to give a lot of strength in our efforts to develop a missile defense system .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "the past week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 've seen very strong statements by the Japanese government wanting to work with us in that realm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So obviously we 're going to pursue a very tough very decisive policy over the coming weeks designed to focus the North Koreans on their obligations To pressure them to come back to the talks But also certainly to provide for our own defense and the defense of our treaty allies in Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "the coming weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [282, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think you 'll see us move ahead smartly in that direction as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh Mister Ambassador many critics will say the six years George Bush has been president North Korea 's program has developed rather dramatically That the policy at first of isolation and then the six party talk just has n't worked .", "entity": [{"entity": "the six years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "George Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "North Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's the latest study from the Institute for Science and International Security .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Institute for Science and International Security", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They estimated a report that North Korea has enough separated plutonium to develop now an arsenal of four to thirteen nuclear weapons compared with estimates of just one or two weapons in two thousand when George bush became president .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "four to thirteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "just one or two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "two thousand", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [188, 200]}, {"entity": "George bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group says that by two thousand eight North Korea could have enough plutonium for eight to seventeen nuclear weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand eight", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "eight to seventeen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group 's assessment based on analysis of satellite imagery media reports and statements by North Korean officials which lead Nick Everstat a conservative critic from the American Enterprise Institute these are not Democrats /-", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Nick Everstat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "the American Enterprise Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 203]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [218, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "although the Bush administration 's rhetoric about Kim Jong - Il and his regime has sometimes seemed ferocious North Korea 's leaders seem to have concluded that the Bush North Korea policy consists mainly of empty words and that oft repeated warning need not be taken terribly seriously .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "North Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By more than one criteria indeed strategic successes on the Bush watch outshine those from its during the Clinton years .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Would you acknowledge a significant increase in the nuclear capability by North Korea on the watch of President Bush /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tim um obviously we profoundly disagree with um some of the statements that we 've just heard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eh you know we 've got a very strong military force and deterrent force at work in Asia and particularly on the Korean peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "the Korean peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that military can handle any contingency that should arise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also have a very tough policy and I think forward looking policy to develop missile defense to handle those contingencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you 've got to combine military measures with diplomacy to be effective in a situation like this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact is that a lot of this criticism seems to direct the United States back to a test of wills bilaterally between North Korea and the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [135, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What we want to do is we want to ask countries that do have a great deal of influence on North Korea certainly more than we have to use that influence .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can do that by channeling those efforts through the six party framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you know diplomacy sometimes ca n't succeed in a day or two or a week or two .", "entity": [{"entity": "a day or two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "a week or two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sometimes it takes many months or even years to succeed .", "entity": [{"entity": "many months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if you have the right policy in place , if you know what you 're trying to accomplish and if you 're very tough - minded about applying that policy we can be successful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we have not given up hope that we can engineer a policy that will effectively put the North Koreans back in the box take away their nuclear programs and take away their ability to inflict threats and damage on their neighbors .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have got to be single - minded about this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we certainly understand the gravity of a challenge posed by North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but frankly I do n't think these critics have offered any alternative that would have a reasonable prospect of success or lead us to unintended consequences uh if you went down the road that some of them are suggesting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we think we 've got the right policy in place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I can assure you we 're going to drive with a great deal of energy and determination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you do not deny that North Korea 's nuclear capability has increased during the presidency of George Bush /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "George Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well North Korea says that it has a nuclear weapons capability .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we believe that it has produced that over the last several years .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last several years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that 's why we 've put in place this policy designed to take it away from them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if we can have the September nineteenth two thousand five agreement implemented it will do just that .", "entity": [{"entity": "September nineteenth two thousand five", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will effectively de-nuclearize North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so that is a good bet for the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's obviously the goal that I think all these critics that you cite would share .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we think we 've got a much more realistic in the real world strategy put in place to deal with that problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But there has been a profound change in the rhetoric certainly of the President on this subject .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's the President Friday at this news conference in Chicago about North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes a while for a problem to fester and grow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then it takes a while to solve them diplomatically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It just 's the nature of diplomacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wish we could solve them overnight .", "entity": [{"entity": "overnight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And let me go back to January of two thousand two in the President 's axis of evil speech before congress .", "entity": [{"entity": "January of two thousand two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 49]}, {"entity": "congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's watch .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "North Korea has a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction While starving its citizens .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "States like these and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil arming to threaten the peace of the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By seeking weapons of mass destruction these regimes pose a grave and growing danger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll be deliberate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yet time is not on our side .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will not wait on events while dangers gather .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will not stand by as peril draws closer and closer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States of America will not permit the world 's most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the world 's most destructive weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "The United States of America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the President uttered those words Mister Ambassador every estimate is that North Korea has doubled its capacity to develop nuclear weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And yet we 've driven forward with this policy designed to respond to all the things the President talked about back in two thousand two .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [120, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he has been very consistent since then in putting forward the proposition that we have to oppose the human rights abuses of the government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have to try to draw a net around the fact that North Korea is the leading exporter of ballistic missile technology around the world The proliferator of it .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 've done a lot to develop missile defense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 've created and driven forward this diplomatic coalition designed to bring us to a victory in denying North Korea the nuclear weaponry that you talk about .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we have been very activist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have followed this policy for a number of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "a number of years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh the President is right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And as I said before diplomacy ca n't be measured in a snapshot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You ca n't just say in a Sunday morning in July that somehow because we have n't come to the end of negotiations these negotiations are bound to fail .", "entity": [{"entity": "a Sunday morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 've got to be very purposeful and directed in what you 're trying to do and apply the weight of your country and that of others to the test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that 's what we 're doing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have not given up on this quest to come to the end of these negotiations and put the North Koreans back into a place where they can no longer be a threat to their neighbors or to the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [84, 101]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [182, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But again it 's the tone and the rhetoric .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me go back and review some of the things the President has said about Kim Jong - Il of North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I loathe Kim Jong - Il .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I got a visceral reaction to this guy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then in two thousand four there 's a tyrant in North Korea that wants to develop a nuclear weapon .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand four", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then this in two thousand two .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the President called him a pygmy And compared him to a spoiled child at a dinner table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does the President still believe that Kim Jong - Il is a tyrant a pygmy and a spoiled child .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kim Jong - Il is a despot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he is someone who is one of the worst offenders of human rights all over the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh these missile tests the other day were certainly reckless .", "entity": [{"entity": "the other day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were provocative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so uh we have n't changed our opinion of the nature of the regime in North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No one in our government has .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are very clear - eyed about who they are , what they represent , how much they 've denied their own people the basic human rights that people should have around the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 're focused on this nuclear question as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I think there 's been a lot of continuity over American policy both in the substance of the policy and in the way we 've talked about North Korea over the last several years .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "the last several years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [154, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And uh we 're determined to press ahead .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the president talked about the axis of evil he said Iraq North Korea and Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States invaded one of those countries Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "The United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some now make the case that Iran and North Korea took from that the following lesson that if you develop a nuclear bomb and have a strong military you will not be invaded by the US .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [178, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And both of those countries have clearly miscalculated their own situation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now the North Koreans felt I guess that by testing these ballistic missiles they would somehow put themselves in a position of greater weight in the negotiations .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 've miscalculated because you 've seen very tough statements from the Chinese and the Russians and the South Koreans and the Japanese against what they 've done .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Russians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "the South Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [104, 121]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you see momentum building in the UN security council toward a very tough chapter seven resolution against them .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "chapter seven", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iranians have miscalculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They thought that they could divide the United States from both our European allies and from Russia and China .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we 've been able to craft a major and united coalition of all those countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 've essentially given the Iranians a clear choice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you 'll see a lot of this unfold this week both in Europe when Secretary Rice meets with her counterparts on Wednesday at the GA summit in St. Petersburgh At the end of the week when the president is there .", "entity": [{"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "St. Petersburgh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 158]}, {"entity": "the end of the week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the Iranians are going to have to choose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negotiations with us after they suspend their nuclear programs or further action in the Security Council .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I do n't think either of these countries is on the offensive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frankly I think both of these countries are rather cornered and isolated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are very few countries defending them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 're running out of options .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we think this policy of patient diplomacy and of crafting multilateral coalitions to tighten the pressure around them is going to work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's the right way to go clearly for the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we want to exhaust diplomatic means before we consider other means .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our experience in Iraq particularly with our emphasis on the weapons of mass destruction that did not materialize John Deutch the former head of the CIA offered this observation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "John Deutch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the next time military intervention is judged necessary to combat the spread of weapons of mass destruction for example North Korea there will be skepticism about the quality of our intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you agree with that /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "not in the case of North Korea not in the case of Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tim I 've been to Europe twenty times over the last fourteen months to talk to the Europeans and the Russians and Chinese about Iran for instance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "twenty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "the last fourteen months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 67]}, {"entity": "Europeans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "Russians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's not a single person at the higher levels of those government who does n't believe Iran is trying to create a nuclear weapons capability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is n't a single person in the governments of China or Russia or South Korea or Japan who does n't believe that North Korea is bent on building up its nuclear capability .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no argument in the real world today about what these two countries Iran and North Korea are trying to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no argument remotely similar to what we went through in two thousand and two and three with our European allies over Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand and two and three", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 95]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact we are now tightly knit up with these countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if you look at what the French German and British governments are saying as well as the Russian and Chinese governments about whether or not these countries are intending to create a nuclear weapons capability they agree with our assessment .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I do n't agree at all that we 're somehow limited in what we can do and limited in our effectiveness because of the disagreements that we had over WMD in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me conclude with comments by Bill Crystal the editor of Weekly Standard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Crystal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "Weekly Standard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he used to work for Vice President Dan Quail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan Quail", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "North Korea is firing missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iran is going nuclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somalia is controlled by radical Islamists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Somalia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Islamists", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iraq is n't getting better .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Afghanistan is getting worse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I give the President a lot of credit for hanging tough on Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I am worried that it has made them too passive in confronting the other threats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have a preoccupation with Iraq allowed North Korea and Iran to go forward with their nuclear programs and limited our options /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I strongly disagree with that criticism from Bill Crystal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Crystal", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I disagree for one reason .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have a very strong and active government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "from the Pentagon from the State Department the White House Treasury we are focused on all these problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "the State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We created over the last fifteen months a major international coalition to corner the Iranian government And to isolate them .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last fifteen months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 39]}, {"entity": "Iranian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that 's been a diplomatic success over the last several months .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last several months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 've now got this six party talk framework we hope coming back together .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and certainly the five countries are united .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh Secretary Rumsfeld was in Afghanistan this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Secretary Rice was there ten days ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "ten days ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we 're giving that government president government all the support it can get .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are a government that can operate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we have to operate in every part of the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're a global superpower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have tremendous resources at our disposal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and frankly we 've got a first class military and a first class diplomatic effort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we can certainly take on all these issues and be successful simultaneously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we will be watching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ambassador Nicholas Burns we thank you for sharing your views .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicholas Burns", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks Tim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming next the view of three former Clinton Administration officials who spent years dealing with the North Korea problem former Assistant Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter chief State Department negotiator now at the Georgetown University Robert Gallucci And former US ambassador to the UN now Governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Ashton Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 197]}, {"entity": "the Georgetown University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [216, 241]}, {"entity": "Robert Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [242, 257]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [269, 271]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [290, 292]}, {"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [309, 319]}, {"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [320, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are all right here next only on Meet The Press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meet The Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we are back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Governor Richardson should the United States negotiate directly one on one with North Korea /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes it should .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh our policy so far is not working .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh what you have is North Korea has quadrupled its enriched plutonium since two thousand and two .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "two thousand and two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh the six party talks are going nowhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We should talk directly to the North Koreans to discuss what is next .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They need to dismantle their nuclear weapons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they need to destroy their missile capability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only way to do that in my judgment is face to face talks at a level of Christopher Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a competent diplomat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh the successes we 've had with the North Koreans have been through direct engagement When I got some pilots out of North Korea When Bob Gallucci negotiated the agreed framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "Bob Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretary Albright close to having an agreement on reducing or terminating their missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What North Korea is seeing right now is Iran getting a nuclear reactor .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They see Iran getting a nuclear fuel cycle that is assured economic incentives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand what they want to see is treated with respect direct talks with the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But also they want to see an effort by the United States to give them the recognition that they feel they deserve .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't believe they do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are a desolate isolated regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But right now our policy is not working .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It makes sense to talk directly with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But would n't the world then say oh I see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you test a missile on the fourth of July .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you get the US attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you bring them to the bargaining table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our policy right now does not work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Look where we are right now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh Asia is destabilized .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are trying to outsource our foreign policy to China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe China is not necessarily interested in helping us on North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They do n't want to see a bunch of refugees go into their country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe that China is a competitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They control a lot of our debt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right now we do not have leverage over China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best effort in my judgment is face to face talks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hard negotiating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Get that agreement that was uh signed in September that North Korea has not abided to .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A time table for North Korea to dismantle its nuclear weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efforts to set up bench marks in exchange for that armistice agreement where we do n't attack North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They get economic assistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But our objective should be firm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To get them to dismantle their nuclear weapons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best way to do it is face to face talks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the President now changed his course wo n't the headlines be Bush blinks /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe the headlines would be Bush deals realistically with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reverses a policy that is not working .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ambassador Gallucci do you agree with that /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just about entirely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh I have nothing against the idea of the six party talks something Nick pounded on .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "Nick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh uh the virtue of having all these parties in Asia engaged that 's /-", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it is their problem as well as ours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the fact is it has n't worked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And to make the form more important than a substance To care more about whether we have six parties meeting together than whether we stop the accumulation of plutonium is absurd in my view .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'd have some conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you had said prior to the missile test that if they took that missile off the launch pad you 'd negotiate face to face .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now that they 've launched it would you have any conditions before you went back to the table one on one /?", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is kind of a rule I think that you really try hard not to negotiate with a gun or missile to your head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think a decent interval now and some work at the United Nations is the appropriate thing to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think we 're taking a view from thirty thousand feet right now .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty thousand feet", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what should the administration do /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It needs to find a way to get back to the negotiating table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the fact that you may get a headline like the President is reversing course as indeed we have in the case of Iran that 's not so bad if you find you 're on the wrong course .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we have been .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ashton Carter do you agree there should be one on one direct negotiations between North Korea and the US /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashton Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No I actually think the six party talks is a perfectly appropriate forum including for us to speak directly to the North Koreans if others are at the table .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's go back to the logic of the six party talks in the first place .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reason to have everybody at the table with the North Koreans is not only that they have a stake in the outcome as well but uh in dealing with North Korea diplomacy has to have a coercive dimension .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we do n't trade with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we do n't recognize North Korea diplomatically .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh there 's almost nothing we can do short of military action to apply pressure to North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're capable of military action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's important that that be an ingredient of course in diplomacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the real levers on Kim Jong - Il are the Chinese and the South Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "the South Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is they who essentially support the regime economically and politically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But makes sense to have them at the table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The six party talks I totally agree with my colleagues here have produced nothing so far except a quadrupling of the amount of plutonium as ambassador Richardson said um in North Korean hands and now missile launches .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So they 've been running wild for three years or so .", "entity": [{"entity": "three years or so", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um the reason for that /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "there 's a lot of blame to go around .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you have to start with the North Koreans and their own intransigence .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese and the South Koreans have not done everything that they should .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the South Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh they 've shown the carrots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they 've been unwilling to show the sticks that they can also wield .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think on our side um it matters less who else is at the table than that we have our own wits about us as we sit down with the North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [124, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And our government I believe has been divided over the last few years as the six party talks between two camps .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last few years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One camp which believes that we have to give diplomacy a try and is earnest about pursuing diplomacy with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But there 's another camp uh in this country and I think represented in the government that believes that negotiating with the North Koreans is a fools game or is even immoral because of the nature of the regime .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't agree with that view because I think it 's more immoral to let North Korea go nuclear than to try to reach a deal with North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we have been of two minds .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and therefore I do n't think we at the table has been as effective as we might have been .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you showed some of that ambivalence in the earlier part of your segment where you see the US government saying one thing at one time and another thing at the other times .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though it 's important that we get our story straight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that 's more important than who else is at the table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You had advocated several weeks ago a preemptive military strike on the missile that was about to be tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "several weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many criticize that as belligerent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and perhaps could even trigger a North Korea response against South Korea or against Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who knows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In hindsight do you still stand by that preemptive military strike /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I want to put that in some context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the way I would say we should have that same position today That is if the North Koreans go out to the launch pad and erect that missile and prepare to launch it we can destroy that uh before they can do it .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [74, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To do so would be a very limited military action a single bomb a single cruise missile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the north Koreans are n't going to start a war in response uh to that kind of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "the north Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And to those that think that 's too much I can only say where are you going to draw a line in the sand with North Korea /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At some point we have to draw a line in the sand and defend it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We say things are intolerable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we say they 're unacceptable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then we tolerate and accept .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "former Secretary of Defense Bill Perry and I thought long and hard about this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Bill Perry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we thought that this was a relatively nonprovocative way to draw a line in the sand with North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now I have to emphasize there 's risk in inaction also .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you may say there 's risk in this action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I have to emphasize there 's risk in inaction as well letting North Korea go nuclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Governor Richardson well how do you think the North Koreans would react if we took out their test missile /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I respectfully disagree with Assistant Secretary Carter there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But at least he 's got a new idea which the administration does not put forth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think if we are seriously attacked or threatened , that missile which was a test was geared to the United States or to our allies we have allied responsibilities with South Korea or Japan . .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [184, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh you do take that step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but the fact is that you risk uh the uh North Koreans shooting missiles at South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we 've got thirty seven thousand American forces at the DMZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty seven thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh but Tim I think another reason for the face to face talks is that there 're two issues that are separate from the six party talks that are a serious grievance in our relationship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "one is the fact that we have frozen financial assets of the North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe rightly so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but that is a separate bilateral issue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second is our objection to dealing with North Koreans ' request for a light water reactor Which I believe has bogged down the six party talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "North Koreans '", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which by the way I believe you could have a separate bilateral face to face negotiation with the United States and also continue the efforts with the six party talks because it is the South Koreans and the Japanese that are providing financial and fuel incentives .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "the South Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [180, 197]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [206, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you ca n't cut them out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I think it 's essential to have face to *face private bilateral talks between United States and North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in the end it 's a judgment of North Korean intentions .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'd been there five times .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and yet a few weeks before the missile launch you said I do n't think they 're going to test .", "entity": [{"entity": "a few weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No Tim I said I believe that they were going to test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I did say that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what I sense in my negotiations in dealing with North Koreans /-", "entity": [{"entity": "North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You said as days go by I do n't believe they 're going to do it .", "entity": [{"entity": "days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But early on I said that they did on CBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh my point is that when you deal with North Korea you 're not dealing with individuals like you and me .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't believe in compromise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they believe in their only way or the highway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their view is that their cause is right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 're going to wait you out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So they 're totally unpredictable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I believe the only way to deal with them and we have shown that effectively in past dealings with the Clinton Administration is direct engagement To get them to curb their nuclear weapons as Bob Gallucci did .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Bob Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretary Albright almost got a missile agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh Jimmy Carter got uh an agreement which was later violated regrettably with the father Kim Jong - Il .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jimmy Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My point is that face to face discussions with the United States directly I believe is a precursor .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the continuation of the six party talks is the best way to go .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But do they keep their word /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's Madeline Albright toasting Kim Jong - Il in North Korea October of two thousand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madeline Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 25]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "October of two thousand", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She appeared on this program four years later .", "entity": [{"entity": "four years later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and this was our exchange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But did n't North Korea develop a nuclear bomb on Bill Clinton 's watch /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No what they were doing uh as it turns out , they were cheating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the reason that you have arms control agreements is that you do n't make them with your friends , you make them with your enemies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it is the process that is required to hold uh countries accountable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ambassador Gallucci you negotiated that ninety four agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "ninety four", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The North Koreans stopped processing in one plant if you will .", "entity": [{"entity": "The North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but we later found out that at the same time they were making uranium in another plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not actually .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No that 's not what we found out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What happened was we did do a deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We did stop a uh plutonium based pro-nuclear weapons program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We made sure that eight thousand fuel rods containing around thirty kilograms enough for five nuclear weapons worth of plutonium stayed in a storage pond .", "entity": [{"entity": "eight thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "around thirty kilograms", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the deal would have had the North Koreans end their nuclear weapons program .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We think they started cheating in the late nineties by getting some gas centrifuge equipment from Pakistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "the late nineties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do n't know a lot about that where it is whether the equipment has been put together .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We think over a period of time they 'll do what the Pakistanis did , what the Iranians appear to be wanting to do and put together this gas centrifuge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistanis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Iranians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they never got there yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or we do n't think they 've gotten there yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they broke their word .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They absolutely cheated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's no question about that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But really you ought to be clear here what 's happened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a nuclear weapons program that was stopped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plutonium production was stopped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And afterwards tragically I believe that agreement which locked them up was allowed to collapse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we find ourselves now with the North Koreans accumulating plutonium a bomb 's worth a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And freed up that plutonium that was um controlled for that period of time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they say they 've used it to make bombs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 'd have to estimate about five more .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And with each passing day I would argue to you more important than that missile that Ash would take out on the gantry if it turns up again with each passing day we 're going to find ourselves more and more closer than we were before to the day where that material could be transferred or sold to Al - Queda Presenting a threat far greater than the threat that is posed to us by nuclear weapons aboard ballistic missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "each passing day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "Ash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [236, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can deter a country with ballistic missiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know the return address .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But with a terrorist unconventional delivery your national missile defense will not be very good against United Airlines or American Airlines Or a bus or a truck .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "American Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And deterrents does n't work terribly well when an enemy values your death more than his life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So no defense no deterrents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we need to lock up the nuclear program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You would not care about the ballistic missile program if they did not have the nuclear weapons program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you can have all the agreements you want .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if they 're going to cheat what good are they /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Madeline Albright essentially had it correct in my view .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madeline Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You make a deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nobody did that deal in ninety four thinking we were trusting North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "ninety four", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We had some transparency a measure of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you verify .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We caught them cheating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You might make another deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think you should .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You ask the question you make another deal are you better off with the deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or are you better off without it /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the answer to the former is yes you do the deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do n't +ask I think the simple question have they fooled us before .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "then do n't let them fool us again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't believe that 's the way you proceed in international affairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It asks a very tough question about the national security .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "should we do this /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it better for us /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ask for more transparency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insist on it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Be tough in the negotiations Not in the formality of whether it 's six parties or it 's bilateral .", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me show you all two presidents Bill Clinton back in nineteen ninety three George Bush ten years later talking to the North Koreans in effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "nineteen ninety three", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "George Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "ten years later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I 'm asking you to put your mind in place of a North Korean watching this .", "entity": [{"entity": "a North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton President Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "North Korea can not be allowed to develop a nuclear bomb .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We had to be very firm about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will not tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ash Carter both presidents making very firm resolved statements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ash Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if you 're in North Korean watching that knowing that you now have the potential of building eight nuclear bombs what are you thinking /?", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I 'm concerned that they 're thinking that we 're giving a new meaning to the word intolerable Because they keep doing things that we say are intolerable and then we tolerate them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's why I think at some point you have to draw the line with the North Koreans .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do think and here I agree with both of the other gentlemen you have on the show who have shown it 's possible to reach an agreement with North Korea and to get agreements that serve our interests The much maligned agreed framework as Bob Galluci pointed out without that agreed framework North Korea by all the calculations of the experts would now have fifty nuclear weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Bob Galluci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [236, 247]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [290, 301]}, {"entity": "fifty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [356, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we were better off with the agreement than without it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible to reach agreement with the North Koreans But not when they see the kind of footage that you uh showed Which is uh uh uh Americans drawing a line in the sand and then stepping back from that line And drawing a line in the sand and then stepping back .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think our diplomacy has to have carrots in it but it has to stand somewhere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and as I suggested earlier I think the missile tests are a good place to take a stand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Governor Richardson draw a line in the stand and step back .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the North Koreans watch that .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they observe that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they know what their own has been .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How do you have any strength in negotiating with people like that /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The North Koreans in my dealings with them they care more about form than they do substance .", "entity": [{"entity": "The North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In your earlier segment you showed president Bush calling him a tyrant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then later he called him Mister Kim Jong - Il .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was in North Korea when that happened .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The North Koreans were delighted because they felt they 'd been treated with respect .", "entity": [{"entity": "The North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They care deeply about protocol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And this is another reason why I think for a relatively cheap price a face to face negotiation at the level of Chris Hill who again is very competent I believe would set the stage for a final agreement at the six party talks Which is essential Which is basically a good agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In exchange for North Korea dismantling its nuclear weapons its missiles they get an armistice agreement where they are not attacked .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they get food fuel energy assistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Security assurances we will not topple their regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah that 's right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that 's in that September agreement that Chris Hill negotiated .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Chris Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My point is if it 's just going to be a face to face meeting that serves as a precursor that also deals with this frozen assets issue which has directly hit the North Korean regime cause it controls the foreign expenditures of Kim Jong - Il and you deal with this light water reactor especially now after we 've promised it to Iran and economic incentives to Iran I think the timing is right for this new stage of direct negotiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [227, 240]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [327, 331]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [359, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ambassador Galluci based on your experience do you believe the North Koreans would give up their nuclear program give up their nuclear bombs which they believe in their mind is an insurance policy against an American invasion for economic assistance light water reactors /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Galluci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [59, 76]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the day I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um but that leaves me to conclude since I really do n't know that it 's a good idea to find out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a good idea it was in nineteen ninety four to do a deal with the North that required them to give up the program .", "entity": [{"entity": "nineteen ninety four", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "the North", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We did that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and for a period of years we were in a position to monitor that closely .", "entity": [{"entity": "a period of years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they did give it up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed you can make an argument that while the centrifuge program with the Pakistanis is clearly cheating was n't yet a genuine nuclear weapons program had n't produced anything and probably still has n't produced anything .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistanis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you have the possibility if the North Koreans are thinking the way they may be thinking that they need one or the other , they need either nuclear weapons to deter the United States from regime change or they need a relationship with us that makes it unnecessary for them to have nuclear weapons .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Koreans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [167, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only way to find out whether they 'll ultimately give up those weapons is to do a deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hear so much talk about Kim Jong - Il tyrant spoiled child .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim Jong - Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "others have said madman .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you 've been in that country five times .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is he /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is he /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I 've never met him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I met the number two in command .", "entity": [{"entity": "the number two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is the entire nation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he is basically a cult of personality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He runs everything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He knows everything that 's happening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All power flows through him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh what that causes unfortunately is an isolated North Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His people are in terrible shape economically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I been there five times .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think I 've seen one tractor .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I see people weak and drawn out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they look like they need nourishment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lot of people are starving there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have human rights violations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a mercurial character .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think he 's crazy like a fox .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is not somebody that is uh out of his mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he may be totally unpredictable isolated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but he 's calculating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he 's used the Fourth of July .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Fourth of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "every time he feels he 's backed down he moves and does something irrational .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh he shoots missiles off .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he 's done it twice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He cancels agreements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he gets the nuclear inspectors out in two thousand and two .", "entity": [{"entity": "two thousand and two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the way he operates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what we should do is take advantage of his vulnerability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also is vulnerable in the sense that the country is weak economically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it desperately needs an elimination of sanctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they need food electricity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's realistic too I believe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bill Richardson Robert Gallucci Ashton Carter thank you all for a very sobering but important discussion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Robert Gallucci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "Ashton Carter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming next , President Bush celebrated his sixtieth birthday this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "sixtieth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And thirty one years ago on Meet The Press then president Gerald Ford talked about being sixty and serving as president .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty one years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "Meet The Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Gerald Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "sixty", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming up right here on Meet The Press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meet The Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 're back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two presidential birthdays this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Bush turned sixty last Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "sixty", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "last Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And this Friday former president Gerald Ford will be ninety three years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "this Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Gerald Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "ninety three years old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our thirty - eighth president talked about age health and the presidency right here thirty one years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty - eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "thirty one years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. President in the early days of the republic the American people took great chances on young men in the presidency .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now here we are looking at seventy six .", "entity": [{"entity": "seventy six", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and most of the leading candidates are old geezers like me in their sixties .", "entity": [{"entity": "their sixties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now we seem to have misplaced a generation here somewhere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the system out of phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what explains this /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think age is a state of mind and obviously a state of health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm in the early sixties .", "entity": [{"entity": "the early sixties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I feel as vigorous mentally and physically as I ever have at any time in my life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think you should rule a person out just because they 're my particular age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other hand I do n't think uh you should rule out a younger person who by experience or intelligence or overall capability is a potential candidate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think you should categorize people just by age bracket .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe you ought to look at the person how strong he is mentally and physically what is his experience and what his background is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that 's the criteria I would use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "happy birthday President Gerry Ford .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gerry Ford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And also happy birthday to another American legend .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "thirty eight years ago founded the special Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty eight years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "the special Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [31, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She turns eighty five tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighty five", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 'll be right back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more information on today 's guest and topic log onto the viewer resources page of our website MTP dot MSNBC dot com .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's all for today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 'll be back next week at our regular time .", "entity": [{"entity": "next week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it 's Sunday it 's Meet the Press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "Meet the Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- basically , it was unanimously agreed upon by the various relevant parties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To express its determination , the Chinese securities regulatory department compares this stock reform to a die that has been cast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes time to prove whether the stock reform can really meet expectations , and whether any deviations that arise during the stock reform can be promptly corrected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dear viewers , the China News program will end here .", "entity": [{"entity": "China News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Xu Li .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xu Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you everyone for watching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming up is the Focus Today program hosted by Wang Shilin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Focus Today", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Wang Shilin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good-bye , dear viewers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hello , dear viewers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome to Focus Today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Focus Today", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , let 's turn our attention to a road cave - in accident that happened in Beijing over the holiday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before dawn on January 3 , a sewage pipe leakage accident occurred at the main and side roads of Jingguang Bridge , East Third Ring Road , Beijing Municipality , resulting in the road caving in .", "entity": [{"entity": "January 3", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [97, 113]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [116, 136]}, {"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant departments from Beijing Municipality promptly activated emergency contingency plans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traffic administration department carried out traffic supervision near the accident scene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , how did the emergency response mechanisms activated by governmental departments operate effectively during the holiday ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the holiday , what will be done to handle citizens ' peak commute ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , what measures did relevant departments take to resolve issues such as waste discharge , heating , and communication , in order to ensure that the lives of citizens were not affected ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we have invited two honorable guests to the studio today to follow this topic with us .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the two honorable guests in the studio is Professor Zhou Hanhua from the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "Zhou Hanhua", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "the Institute of Law", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hello .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next is Yang Yang , a host of Beijing Traffic Radio Station .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Beijing Traffic Radio Station", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome both of you to the studio to participate in our program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I especially want to know , ha , how the two of you found out the news on the day of the accident ?", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , , about 11:00 m. yesterday , ah , I happened to find out through an SMS when I was outside .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 11:00 m. yesterday", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [7, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh-huh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It happened that I was going to have lunch with a friend , um , at noon .", "entity": [{"entity": "noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then , the friend first sent me an SMS , Uh-huh . saying he would come pick me up to go together .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , I received an SMS from 1860 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1860", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh-huh , it was through an SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you , Yang Yang ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A friend happened to call me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You were not at work that day ?", "entity": [{"entity": "that day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The station called me at noon and said something happened at Jingguang Bridge and that I had to go to the station immediately to research the upcoming program .", "entity": [{"entity": "noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh-huh , that means , er , you found out the accident through an information source at the station .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right , right , right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , like Professor Zhou , I also received this news , ha , through a mobile phone SMS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At that time , , it can be said that this SMS was among the many , ha , SMS containing New Year wishes , like Happy New Year , received after the start of the New Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "the New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , actually I felt a lot of warmth when I received that SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although we live in the west instead of the east and it did not affect us much , I think it is very useful , ah , to inform people of this kind of news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , exceptionally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , what in fact was the content of that SMS ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a look via this footage , ha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I remember the SMS was written like this at that time , saying that , ah , there was a sewage pipe leakage accident on the side road at the southeast corner of Jingguang Bridge at East Third Ring Road , and , well , traffic supervision was implemented near Chaoyang Road , Jingguang Bridge , and East Third Ring Road , and requesting cars to make a detour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [160, 176]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [180, 200]}, {"entity": "Chaoyang Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [257, 270]}, {"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [273, 289]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [296, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some car owners said that it was very good that the SMS was sent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , there was one last sentence in that SMS thanking citizens for their cooperation and support .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , after the SMS was sent , , I felt it seems to be the first time that Beijing Municipality , ah , used an SMS to give notification at the time of a public emergency .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know , all of us are living in Beijing , is this the first time , Professor Zhou ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , in terms of an official notification , this should be the first time one was sent officially through 1860 .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "1860", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , in private life , people have used SMS countless times to spread news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other places in the country must have used this too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh-huh , uh-huh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Must have used this too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , I remember receiving an SMS like this one last year before it snowed , since snowfall would affect road conditions in Beijing to a rather large extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it did not give people such a special feeling as it did this time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , when an SMS is sent to inform citizens of such an incident , can it be considered a work method or expression of government information transparency ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , this is indeed through the very successful response to this emergency , ah , by Beijing Municipality , Uh-huh . an extremely good point that is worth pondering deeply , worthy innovation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , previously our news announcements were made through some conventional methods , but this time it was made in the form of a mobile phone SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , this is a method highly emphasized in various countries ' development of e-government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We usually make it sound like e-government is something unattainable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , when we talked about e-government in the past , it seemed to be only done through the Internet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seemed that computers , ah , and the Internet , ah , were an expression of e-government , to let people find out information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , presently in fact , e-governments in various countries apply this so - called last multiple - exposure method , such as call centers , such as electronic IDs , and such as , these electronic signatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are quite sophisticated forms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , more terminals , such as , this cable television , ah , , this digital television , ah , and mobile phone SMS , are applied in e-government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , I think this is , a test of e-government because , as I remember , during SARS in 2003 , people at that time criticized e-government during the spread of SARS , ah .", "entity": [{"entity": "2003", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said that e-government was very good but was not put into use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , this time I think that a short SMS like this can fully create interaction between the government and the public through this e-government form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We drive often in Beijing , ha , Yang Yang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If people were not informed of such a traffic accident through SMS on that day and they continued to head there , what do you think would happen if people did not know what was going on and the jam did not clear ?", "entity": [{"entity": "that day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , well , I think it would have been real paralysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the most appropriate word to use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , I think that when SMS was used to announce the news , it should be said to have fit the conditions in our China very well .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why is that so ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because , it should be said that China is the country with the highest SMS usage .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are probably not as many chances to use SMS in foreign countries compared with domestically , in China , ah .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , it can be said that penetration was quite high this time , by using the most familiar method , most used by everyone , as well as the most prompt and most convenient method , for the announcement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , I noticed that many friends , around me received it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seems that almost everyone received this SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect was extremely good , ha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , how exactly did citizens react ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a look at the reactions of citizens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- an SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I saw it was that Jingguang Bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "that Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [13, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hey , I say , this is quite good , quite good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have you received information like this before ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first time ?", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , what do you think of the speed at which the government responded this time ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quite fast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Really quite fast , ah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I did not drive today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I set out a bit earlier and took the subway here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you think that the response of the government was fast this time ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , the response was quite fast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , various media announcements were also quite prompt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colleagues and friends also informed one another by phone calls and SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think this plan was quite speedy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seems that through this kind of SMS , citizens responded very well and the effect was excellent , ha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , apart from the , ah , point on information disclosure brought out by this accident , the fact is that the activation of emergency contingency plans by the , ah , government has also left people with a very deep impression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's find out the situation at that time through some footage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we know that after the road cave - in accident , ah , ah , traffic police and emergency rescue personnel rushed to the scene , ah , to direct traffic and carry out emergency repair of sewage pipes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , lots of barricade tape has been strung up on the side road in the north - south direction of the accident scene beneath the Jingguang Bridge at East Third Ring Road .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [127, 147]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [151, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All personnel responsible for the emergency repair of underground sewage pipes , ah , have arrived at their designated locations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See , through this footage , we see , ah , this --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okay , ah , , this emergency repair worker said that he was there at 4 o'clock .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 o'clock", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That means that they arrived at the scene right after the pre-dawn accident occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , it can be said that the traffic administration department was activated very quickly after receiving the news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , ah , Yang Yang , you work at Traffic Radio Station , ha , well , and we know that you all gave an extensive live broadcast this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Traffic Radio Station", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A special program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , a special program on this traffic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , let 's first turn our attention to the impact on traffic after the accident .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judging from the traffic control measures taken after the accident , as well as the eventual impact caused , what do you think are the effects ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , concerning this , I think both of you are very familiar with the traffic in Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously we had a statistic , especially for the ring roads in Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , if we have an ordinary fender bender or tailgate accident on a bridge such as the Jingguang Bridge of the Third Ring Road , it might cause the entire Third Ring Road to have bumper - to - bumper traffic jams during these morning and evening peak periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "the Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It might even impact traffic on the Second Ring Road and Fourth Ring Road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Fourth Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , ah , if there is an accident , from the time it occurs until the time all traffic is cleared , it probably takes about half an hour to an hour during peak periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "about half an hour to an hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [120, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we could not imagine imposing temporary traffic restriction measures on a long section of road stretching from Jingguang Bridge to Changhong Bridge from the south all the way to Guomao Bridge , blocking the main and side roads .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [118, 134]}, {"entity": "Changhong Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [138, 154]}, {"entity": "Guomao Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [185, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , the situation would be unthinkable during this peak period that is the first day of work for everyone .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , at that time , before 6:30 a .m . today , before our live broadcast , we moved the broadcast forward , and before the live broadcast we were very worried .", "entity": [{"entity": "6:30 a .m . today", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , actually after the entire day today , I came here right after ending the live broadcast this evening to continue with the live broadcast here , in fact , in Beijing today people indeed experienced an extremely high volume of traffic flow on the roads surrounding the section under traffic control , and indeed there was a very big traffic jam .", "entity": [{"entity": "the entire day today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the affected area was not as large as expected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , some people made detours once they received the news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychologically , people felt quite relieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because I know this situation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right , like those whom we interviewed just now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was easy to handle once everyone understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , ah , , a citizen , he said , I set out today before the incident , and I did not drive after I was informed .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That person did not even drive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , in this aspect , I think that citizens were really quite cooperative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , this evening , we , received an SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A friend said , I work on the 12th floor of the China World Trade Center at the Guomao Bridge , ah .", "entity": [{"entity": "12th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "the China World Trade Center", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "the Guomao Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were discussing that we could go home in fewer cars since everyone was on the same route .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later on , we suggested to him and said , you , ah , might as well take the subway , because you can directly reach the subway once you get down from the China World Trade Center .", "entity": [{"entity": "the China World Trade Center", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [150, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hey , he said this was quite a good idea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , I think everyone was quite cooperative and also quite supportive in this aspect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , many , viewers not in Beijing may not be quite familiar , ah , with this road section we just mentioned , where , ah , the accident occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , we can take a look later through an animation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This road represents a main road on East Third Ring Road , with problems on both the main and side roads .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Chaoyang Road is an intersection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaoyang Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether it is Chaoyang Road in the east - west direction or the main and side roads of East Third Ring Road in the south - north direction , as we can see from this diagram , it can be said that the area at the main and side roads of East Third Ring Road normally has quite heavy traffic , especially during commuting times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaoyang Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [87, 107]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [234, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Chaoyang Road is a very important artery in the east - west direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaoyang Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When people living in the west want to cross over from the city , they have to go via this road .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , if a traffic accident occurs at this place , we can indeed imagine , ha , how widespread , ah , the extent of the impact will be , such as the number of cars caught in traffic jams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , actually I think everyone can see that from the buses that cross Jingguang Bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As buses that cross the Third Ring Road are currently , right now affected by the Jingguang Bridge accident , ah , the latest results this morning show that 32 bus routes throughout the neighborhood have had to be rerouted .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "32", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [157, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I think that perhaps many friends in other places are wondering how one place is able to accommodate 32 commuter routes .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "32", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [108, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the accident did not happen , perhaps everyone would not know that this place could normally have so many --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is really like this , just look at the bus signs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have not seen so many buses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its effect on people has been extremely extensive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , what measures did the traffic control department eventually take to direct traffic ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our correspondent specially interviewed Director Meng Xianlong , Mr. Meng Xianlong , of the Command Center of the Beijing Municipal Traffic Administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meng Xianlong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Meng Xianlong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "the Command Center of the Beijing Municipal Traffic Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's hear what Director Meng said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , our traffic control department immediately activated the traffic emergency response plan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the roads close to where the problem emerged , we first set up traffic diversion points for traffic control at the southern and northern ends .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this way , all vehicles going along East Third Ring Road had to make a detour to go on roads on the east and west sides .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "East Third Ring Road is a traffic artery in the east of Beijing that links the north and the south .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to ensure smooth traffic in the eastern district , we formulated a set of traffic diversion control plans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We set up traffic diversion points at 68 locations along East Second Ring Road , East Fourth Ring Road , West Dawang Road , ah , and related roads to the east and west , and deployed more than 210 additional police officers to divert and direct traffic .", "entity": [{"entity": "68", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "East Second Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "East Fourth Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "West Dawang Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "210", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [193, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be said that measures were very promptly taken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , today is the first workday after the New Year holiday .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , what exactly was the situation this morning ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We specially sent a reporter to the scene this morning to shoot some footage .", "entity": [{"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a look at the situation this morning through this footage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , from this footage , we can see that , ha , at East Third Ring Road , ah , near Guanghua Bridge , the roads here that lead to the vicinity of Jingguang Bridge have come under control and , well , various kinds of signs have also been placed at very conspicuous locations .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "Guanghua Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [148, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the outdoor temperature in Beijing has fallen to minus 3 degrees , the traffic police deployed additional manpower on the roads to direct traffic , ah , and guide drivers in making detours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "minus 3 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , since direction of traffic was carried out on the periphery , the number of vehicles at the section of the accident was significantly less than usual , with road traffic very orderly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , it can be said , ah , Yang Yang , citizens , regardless of whether they took the bus or drove , their mentality , in terms of being understanding or calm , ah , was a very important factor in having orderly traffic at the scene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right , right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", through your listeners , what kind of feedback did you find out from them ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , this morning , some listeners , ah , also happened to tell us about it via mobile phone SMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since we know that Jingguang Bridge is located in the CBD district , well there are many office buildings , ah , a lot of them , as well as quite a lot of friends who get up early in the morning to go to work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jingguang Bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "CBD", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "early in the morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [174, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , they sent SMS saying , hey , it is unusual , ah , for me to be walking to the bus station today or going to take the bus .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , it is unusual for me to enjoy a very pleasant morning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then reminded everyone to wear extra clothing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This shows that when people encounter such kind of emergency , they have started to be able to face it with a very calm and pleasant state of mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that this mentality in facing emergencies , in one respect shows a great change of mentality that Beijing citizens now have after enduring several tests in the past , and a kind of calmness and maturity after having experienced frustrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , I think it can also fully show the level of people 's satisfaction with emergency mechanisms of the operational departments of the government in handling this incident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , they think that the government has tried its best .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , in this respect , we citizens should also contribute our efforts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , in this regard , I think people 's mentality can become very calm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Professor Zhou , from this perspective , is this one highly positive effect achieved after information was disclosed ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of citizens ' mentality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , in fact it can be seen from this particular case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , when the government was handling this kind of public emergency , well , it went from a traditionally unilateral administrative management method , well , a method in which information was quite delayed , to disclosure and transparency of information , and very fast as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know that in the past , disclosure of information had to be reported to higher authorities , level by level , until the highest authorities had given approval , before information could be disclosed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time was lost .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , yes , the State Council has , er , put forth a regulation concerning the establishment of public early warning mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "the State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , related information that can be publicized will be publicized first , in order to guide people in what to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this way , related interaction between the government and the people can be formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , in modern public management , ah , this is a very good case , that is , of shifting from a kind of unilateral administrative management to public management and to positive interaction between the government and the people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think in fact , we can sum up many beneficial experiences from this case and actually extend them to other areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , this is when we look at this case from the perspective of traffic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traffic was the first thing to be impacted when this , cave - in accident occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this accident actually involved many underground pipes , such as sewage pipes , ah , or water , ah , and gas , ah , pipes , that affect the lives of citizens in many other aspects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yang Yang , do you know how many pipes there are underground ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right now , there should be seven main types of pipes buried underground .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They include those like you just mentioned , as well as pipes like those for heating and communication , among others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truly , these pipes are closely linked to the lives of citizens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closely linked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , therefore besides our attention to the traffic issue just now , people are also very concerned , ah , with the situation after the accident , with other aspects affecting citizens ' lives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a look again at this footage of the situation of dealing with the current scene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , according to our understanding of the situation , the Beijing Municipal Construction Commission , ah , the Communication Commission , ah , and telecommunication , traffic , and other departments have assigned personnel to participate in emergency repair work .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Beijing Municipal Construction Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 100]}, {"entity": "the Communication Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant departments said that they will adopt a full range of measures to minimize the level of impact on people 's daily lives and work , in order to ensure stable order in society during the recovery period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , looking at the government 's response to this cave - in accident , ah , we should say it was very prompt with traffic management and emergency repair , ah , because it involved various aspects of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , ah , Professor Zhou , as this incident involved many departments after it took place , how do you think the various departments should coordinate between themselves ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is also --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not the case that this problem will be totally solved when one department shows up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , I think as we build this kind , er , of public , this kind of emergency mechanism for public incidents , ah , has been the , most difficult to resolve , an actual problem that has been the most difficult to resolve among administrative management reforms in various countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How many groups of people will be sent ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , this is because social management requires division of labor in society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is necessarily a labor division trend that involves many departments , and in addition , a kind of modern management public administration model which is diversified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can cooperation be formed between departments in this kind of situation ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , sometimes under normal circumstances , sometimes , we often feel that it is very difficult for departments to cooperate with one another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , there are too many law enforcement departments and , ah , too many administrative departments , and very often in the end , they are unable to coordinate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this time , through the execution of emergency contingency plans by Beijing Municipality this time , ah , it should be said that the response speed of the different departments of Beijing Municipality , as well as the integrated emergency mechanisms , played a great role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [190, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , I think this was also a kind of , er , trial of interdepartmental cooperation mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a very successful , er , response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think many good things can be summed up from this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yang Yang , based on your understanding , ah , as pipes that directly affect many common people 's lives were damaged after the accident , based on your understanding of the situation , how was remedial work carried out ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , it is very cold during winter in Beijing , and the temperature last night dropped to one of the lowest points recently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "last night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Er , heating pipes were indeed damaged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , at the time , it affected residents living in an area of about 70,000 square meters of Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 70,000 square meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [64, 90]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , , in this regard , the Chaoyang district government did a very good job .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaoyang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After it , er , received this order from the municipal government , it immediately sent , electric heaters to residents in more than 200 households within this area .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should be said that many residents spent quite a warm night at home yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , furthermore , in the emergency repair process , ah , it should be said that the heating pipeline was restored relatively quickly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , over here , I think the municipal government , ah , including sub-district offices , made a lot of effort to take good care of resident households .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it was done in a very humanitarian manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Professor Zhou , actually for such a large scale city as Beijing that has more than 14 million people , ah , for such a big city , a suddenly occurring public emergency like this should be said to be relatively common .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "more than 14 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it should be unexpected yet at the same time within expectations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , we see that other , er , domestic and overseas cities have experienced similar incidents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps many overseas cities have had such kind of thing before .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because a city is a gathering place for modern life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a highly civilized place , as well as , however , in fact a gathering point for various conflicts , social , economic , security , various aspects of conflict .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence it is not at all surprising for such an accident to occur .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical thing is --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the critical thing is how emergency plans are activated after the occurrence of such accidents , and for a city , this is a test of its response capabilities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , I think through a few incidents that happened in Beijing Municipality over recent years , such as SARS , the snowfall a few years ago , the heavy rains two years ago , and the road cave - in at East Third Ring Road this time , I think it can be seen that Beijing Municipality 's response capabilities continued to improve each time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "a few years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "East Third Ring Road", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [200, 220]}, {"entity": "Beijing Municipality 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [261, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be said that this time , what was done has received favorable comments from everyone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , well , I think , Yang Yang , perhaps you have stronger feelings on this aspect , ah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because you often have this kind of direct SMS exchange with listeners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is because , we , Beijing Traffic Radio Station , has become a part of emergency planning in Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Traffic Radio Station", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 50]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Beijing Traffic Radio Station is to be activated as a media for emergency plans that are grade three and above .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Traffic Radio Station", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 36]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , for instance , as people still vividly remember , at the time of that snowfall just mentioned by Professor Zhou that people still vividly remember , there were no plans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beijing Municipality still had no emergency plan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , at that time , it happened that I was hosting the Unblocked All the Way program in the studio that evening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unblocked All the Way", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "that evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , at that time , traffic was not at all unblocked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , at that time there was none of this kind of interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was not clear , it was very congested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You sat inside the studio and only knew about the heavy snowfall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You could find out other news only by telephone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The various methods and channels were extremely unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , later , when we experienced that rainfall in Beijing , that rainfall two years ago , as well as some days of sand storms , all channels and early warning mechanisms were activated in quite an orderly manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From our perspective as media , I think it was precisely by going through those breaking - in , trials that we could be so calm in handling such an emergency today , ah , and give everyone the most effective announcements and notifications , and instructions .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , therefore , as a local media in this city , it should become a proactive participant when there is a public emergency in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should play its individual role in the process of resolving emergencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , apart from this , Professor Zhou , what do you think are the areas for improvement for a city , especially a booming city , when handling this kind of public emergency ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right , I think this gave us many revelations , ah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , I think one that should be especially important is early warnings and forecasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because currently , there are , ah , frequently various kinds of risks lurking in cities , ah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early warnings and forecasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , this kind of early warning and forecast mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not only for , this kind of sudden road cave - in , it also includes , for instance , security incidents , ah , in our society , as well as natural disasters , ah , and including public health incidents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , this kind of scientific early warning and forecast mechanism must be set up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this way , you can manage and resolve an abnormal situation by turning it into a normal situation , without evolving into a sudden public emergency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another thing I want to say is that besides , ah , emergency response and speedy integration mechanisms , I think some corresponding improvements should be made to the release of information , incident investigation , ah , and the relevant post-incident , responsibility system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , , that is , we should say that the government already has quite a number of relevant systems in this respect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , we have an administrative investigation system for incidents of major responsibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have regulations on investigation procedures for very major incidents , as well as others such as emergency response methods for handling public health incidents and public health emergencies , among others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is to say , we have many corresponding systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the question is how city management , er , handles these various kinds of perhaps unpredictable cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since we are entering new circumstances of human living , circumstances that contain high risk and have an increasingly developed urbanized life , well , I think corresponding improvements should be made to the formation of a series of systems that includes scientific planning , early warning and forecast , emergency response , accident investigation , and accountability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , well , based on your understanding of the situation , and from an international perspective , what are some better ways of urban management that are worthwhile for us to learn ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think , in comparison to China , we should say that urbanization in foreign countries developed earlier and is more widespread .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their level of development is more advanced than ours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the scale of our urbanization is currently expanding at a rate of 1 % per year , I think , with our economic development being relatively backward , we actually still have many aspects of urban management to learn from foreign countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , many of the pipes involved in this incident were basic infrastructure , public utilities industries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a background of liberalization , marketization , and privatization , how can the government strengthen supervision of public utilities industries ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can a safe , assured system be established ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we need to learn and manage this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , regarding information disclosure , well , our speed of information disclosure this time was very fast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we still have a lot of work to do in making the information disclosure , er , system more standardized , that is , to really implement a system of levels of responsibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we also need to explore how cooperation mechanisms between departments execute cooperation under normal situations and , well , how departments should cooperate with one another under these kinds of public emergency circumstances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , for some of our emergency contingency plans , well , ah , how will these emergency contingency plans withstand these tests ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know that currently , many ministries and commissions , as well as people 's governments at the provincial level , along with those at municipal and district levels , have set up emergency contingency plans for public emergencies , but many of them have not been put to the test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , how will they undergo testing ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These also include some of our command and policy - making systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , with the growth of urbanization and with more and more of such complicated issues , ah , I think there will be increasingly high requirements on the systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , development of future systems is one of the top current priorities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can we institutionalize our response mechanisms and make them into a system so as to ensure the lifestyle of people who live in such a large - scale city ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The State Council has proposed a public emergency contingency plan , called One Plan , Three Systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "The State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "Three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" One plan \" refers to the contingency plan , and \" three systems \" refers to systems of organizations , mechanisms , and laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [2, 5]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I think we still have a lot of work to do in these three areas of organizations , mechanisms , and laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , finally , let 's turn our attention to handling of the situation , ah , during the latter stages of the cave - in accident in Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traffic , ah , can be said to have been directed , and is basically under control now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , following this , repairs have to be made on this road section where the accident occurred , including for many pipes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Yang Yang , based on your understanding , how long will it take ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that the time really depends on how the overall repair goes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because exploration , assessment , and repair are carried out in succession .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , regarding this work progress , to repair this road section in the shortest time , um , this will depend on the work progress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because repair is probably not a matter of repairing the road surface alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also an issue with many of the pipes below .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , the pipes below .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right , as it is winter , we know that carrying out construction during winter , especially that which requires pouring concrete and then --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is especially difficult for concrete to set during winter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , preparation mix for making it dry faster , has already been added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in the end , it requires time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , it depends very much on factors like temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just now , you mentioned that there are many pipes , ah , for instance , there is a key heating pipeline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first thing is to ensure that it is connected in time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , waste discharge is also very important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Waste discharged has currently blocked this up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , and , for instance , optical fibers , ah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Er , right now , if the optical fibers break , people in many households will not be able to watch television .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , we should not have a problem with watching television .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are not broken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is just that , as the other pipes have to be repaired , the optical fibers have to be rearranged , to be hung up it seems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , or it seems that a few steel pipes have been added below to make it safer to walk across this section .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , let 's take water pipes as an example .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because they were exposed , The water pipes were not --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "after that , yes , these were not damaged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they were not damaged and this is quite normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , there is no problem with water supply .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okay , well , today both of you have come to the studio and given us a lot of specific details concerning this road cave - in accident in Beijing Municipality .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Beijing Municipality", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , you have also analyzed , from a system perspective , how the government has reinforced emergency contingency plans to handle such public emergency cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okay , thank you very much , Professor Zhou and Yang Yang , for coming to the studio to participate in our program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Yang Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you , both of you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okay , dear viewers , that is all for today 's edition of Focus Today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Focus Today", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you for watching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See you at the same time tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "the same time tomorrow", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's turn our attention to the weather .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , we can use two words to summarize the weather in our country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , there will be a temperature drop over a large area , and next , there will be rainfall and snowfall in an extensive area as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We see that except for some areas of South China , Southwest China , and Northeast China , many other places will be experiencing temperature drops .", "entity": [{"entity": "South China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Southwest China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "Northeast China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , there will be snowfall in the area from Northwest China to the Huang - Huai area through southern North China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northwest China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "Huang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "North China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The east of Southwest China , as well as the Jiang - Huai area and the area south of the Yangtze River , will experience continuous rainfall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southwest China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Jiang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "the Yangtze River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , southern North China and the Huang - Huai area will bid farewell to the snow tonight , ah .", "entity": [{"entity": "North China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "Huang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tomorrow during the day , snowfall in the Jiang - Huai area will stop , and there will also be less snow in Northwest China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tomorrow during the day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Jiang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "Northwest China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , there will be rain throughout almost the whole of South China .", "entity": [{"entity": "South China", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be said that there will be less snow in the north and heavier rain in the south tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , temperatures tomorrow in many places south of the Huai River will fall by between four and ten degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "the Huai River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "ten degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okay , let 's check out the city weather forecasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beijing , overcast changing to sunny , 9 degrees below zero to 2 degrees below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "9 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [39, 59]}, {"entity": "2 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harbin , sunny , 26 degrees below zero to 16 degrees below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harbin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "26 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "16 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [42, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shijiazhuang , overcast changing to mostly cloudy , 9 degrees below zero to 1 degree below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shijiazhuang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "9 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "1 degree below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [76, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jinan , overcast changing to mostly cloudy , 9 degrees below zero to 1 degree below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jinan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "9 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "1 degree below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanjing , sleet changing to overcast , 3 degrees below zero to 3 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nanjing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "3 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [39, 59]}, {"entity": "3 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hangzhou , sleet changing to overcast , to 4 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "4 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fuzhou , light rain , 11 to 18 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fuzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "11", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "18 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taipei , cloudy changing to showers , 13 to 19 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taipei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "13", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "19 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dalian , sunny , 11 degrees below zero to 5 degrees below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dalian", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "11 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "5 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [42, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wuxi , sleet changing to cloudy , 1 degree below zero to 3 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wuxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "1 degree below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "3 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changzhou , moderate snow to light snow , 3 degrees below zero to 3 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Changzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "3 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "3 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bangkok , cloudy , 26 to 35 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangkok", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "26", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "35 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Dehli , sunny , 6 to 19 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Dehli", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "6", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "19 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seoul , overcast changing to mostly cloudy , 8 degrees below zero to 3 degrees below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "8 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "3 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [69, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tokyo , overcast , 1 to 6 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "6 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "London , overcast changing to light rain , 2 to 6 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 44]}, {"entity": "6 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moscow , cloudy , 18 degrees below zero to 13 degrees below zero .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "18 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "13 degrees below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paris , overcast , 1 to 4 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "4 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vienna , moderate snow , 1 degree below zero to 1 degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vienna", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "1 degree below zero", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "1 degree", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York , light rain , 1 to 3 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "3 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seattle , light rain , 4 to 7 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 24]}, {"entity": "7 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Washington , cloudy , 2 to 6 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "6 degrees", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ ]", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children are left at home in the rural areas , after parents leave to work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are called left - behind children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parents are also forced to work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , they have no alternatives but to make such a decision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 120 million farmers who work in the city all year round in China , thus creating nearly 20 million left - behind children .", "entity": [{"entity": "120 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "20 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to tell them that I miss them a lot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Day after day and year after year , they long for love in loneliness and wait for family affection in defect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that it is especially important to have emotional exchanges with the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visit the children more often whenever possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In September 2005 , a study report titled \" Concern for Left - behind Children \" had drawn wide public attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "September 2005", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "\" Concern for Left - behind Children \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [42, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the situation of peasant workers in the city has repeatedly put society into question , the phenomenon of left - behind children in rural areas has gradually entered the view of the public .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ye Jingzhong is the assistant dean of the College of Humanities and Development at China Agricultural University , and team leader of the Left - behind Children Task Force .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ye Jingzhong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "the College of Humanities and Development", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 79]}, {"entity": "China Agricultural University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 112]}, {"entity": "the Left - behind Children Task Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last two years , he has led the task force to conduct many field interviews and investigations on left - behind children in numerous rural areas in central and western China , including Shaanxi , Ningxia , Hebei , and Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "Shaanxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "Ningxia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [203, 210]}, {"entity": "Hebei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [213, 218]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [225, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why did you pick the central and western parts of China , and not the south , to conduct this study ?", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First of all , for people who work in the city from the central and western regions um , uh , according to their educational level , they generally engage in strenuous manual labor when they leave for the city to work .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are not in a position to bring their children to the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When we conducted this research study , our focus was to analyze the impact on children when their parents , work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", its main impact is the lack of love because of the absence of their parents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we believe that whether it 's in southern or northern part , no matter which part of the country the research is conducted in , the results should be consistent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to your estimation , how many left - behind children are there in China now ?", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group should be the biggest in number .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , the most conservative statistics for the group of people who leave the country to work in the city in our country is 100 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "100 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , um , , um , many places , um , cite a figure of 120 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "120 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many people quote a figure of 150 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "150 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's think about it this way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we actually use 120 million as the statistic for the group who leave the country to work in the city , , at least half of them are um , married before they work in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "120 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , families of these married people will usually have children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , they will usually have more than one child in rural areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you can imagine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe the left - behind children group is definitely more than 10 or 20 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 10 or 20 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It , uh , , in my opinion , should be around 50 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , we have not conducted exact statistical calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe the number of this group should be particularly large .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the study by the task force , at present , the four main types of custody for left - behind children include single - parent custody , skip - generation custody , relative custody , and same - generation custody . Among which , single - parent custody had the highest number , accounting for 79.2 percent of the people surveyed .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "79.2 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [305, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next one was skip - generation custody , accounting for 16.9 percent . While those who lived with relatives or were entrusted to the care of someone else made up 4.1 percent and .9 percent of the total number of left - behind children , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "16.9 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "4.1 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": ".9 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [182, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to your study , what do these left - behind children generally do with their daily life if their parents or parent work in the city ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different types of custody have different impacts on their life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No doubt , , single - parent custody definitely creates less impact compared to the other types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of single - parent custody is smaller because at least the mother is at home .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no major problem in the children 's material life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , there are many impacts in other aspects , for instance , peer socialization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The one that creates a huge impact is definitely skip - generation custody .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skip - generation custody means the grandparents look after the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also relative or neighbor custody that asks neighbors or relatives to look after the children , and there is a type called self - custody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three types create the biggest and the most impact .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we want to discuss this in more detail , let 's say , the skip - generation custody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , in skip - generation custody , their material life will no doubt be a lot less taken care of when compared to the usual both parents or one parent at home situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is indisputable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of family is not as good as the others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We had an example of a child in Shaanxi province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaanxi province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , there was a family !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This family had an older brother and a younger sister .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both parents wanted to go to the city to work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The father went first , and later the mother wanted to go , too .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What happened to these two children ?", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The grandparents were unwilling to take care of them because in rural areas , grandparents also have to work in the field !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , , this mother sent , these brother and sister , to martial arts school to study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After they went to the martial arts school for a while , um , their mother was , um , a little worried , so she went to visit them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She went to visit them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she saw them , , the girl cried to her and said , \" I really do n't want to stay here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to go home . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , the mother was moved and brought , this girl home and had the grandparents look after her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , she still , ai , left him at the martial arts school .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , um , after the girl returned , the mother continued to work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she came back one time in between work , she found that the girl 's body was dotted with red marks and red swellings .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She then discovered ah , um , the grandparents had not washed her clothes for a very long time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The situation you mentioned , is it common or is it a rather extreme example , because generally , people will think that grandparents will particularly love and care about their grandchildren ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The situation that I just mentioned regarding skip - generation custody is no doubt common .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why is it so ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You said that grandparents certainly have special love for the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is true that they will go out of their way to pamper the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for the elderly , with the difference in age and time , , their , ways of taking care and loving the children are different .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are influenced by their own habits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , there was a child who was sick .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , the grandparents asked him to take , a small pill that was made in Shaanxi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaanxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did not even know what it was made of .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a local method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , after all , they are different from , um , young people in this respect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead of sending the child to the hospital as quickly as possible , they are influenced by , some habits in this aspect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", they raised this point themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another important point they mentioned was that they had to take care of the entire family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Her father and mother are not home , so the entire family falls onto our shoulders , especially when we still have to be responsible for the farm work on the farmland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , all I can do is to feed her and make sure that she is not cold . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also had to face such a reality , one that they could not resolve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After all , a family that had so many people in the beginning , , the parents of the children were a very important um , workforce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now it was down to the two grandparents .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No doubt , they could not help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the study of left - behind children , many staff found out by surprise that the biological cycle of the farmers who work in the city , and the inculcation and upbringing cycle of their children , have formed two parallel lines that will never meet .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Farmers who work in the city are generally a young workforce in their prime , while this is the period in which their children attend primary or junior high school .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally , they work in the city out of the hope that their children can receive a better education .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , adolescent children need the loving care and guidance of their parents even more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , the absence of both or even one parent will create obstacles to the character development of the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pair of unavoidable contradictions has made the problem of left - behind children in rural areas become more obvious .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have seen many kinds of left - behind children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was there a particular case or a particular child who had left an especially deep impression on you that you still remember now ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", um , there was a child in Ningxia whose name was Yao Zhengang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ningxia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Yao Zhengang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This child , um , did not do exceptionally well in school .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What impressed me the most about him was that he really missed his parents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He felt particularly lonely and especially wanted his father to come back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that he was sick one time .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His father worked in Guyuan , about 40 to 50 kilometers away from home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guyuan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "40 to 50 kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [36, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After his father learned that he was very sick , he ran back to the village right away .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After he arrived at the village , he did not say anything , but to put him on his back and carry him to the town to see a doctor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He just carried him like that without saying a word .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the doctor in the town took a look and told him that they were unable to cure the sickness , he carried the child to the county .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Yao Zhengang told us what happened , he said , \" My father had never bought me so many tasty foods before .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yao Zhengang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On that day , he bought me a lot of tasty food while we were in the county , but he did not eat any himself . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "that day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought about this at that time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After I heard this incident , I particularly understood what was in the mind of Yao Zhengang 's father .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yao Zhengang 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He might have felt especially guilty toward his child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What he felt was that \" I go out to work and leave my child home . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that his child had also said , \" When he was at home , he always encouraged me . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He would say , \" No problem . You work hard and get a better grade next time , \" when I had low grades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If he could receive many , such encouragements , he would not have um , um , disliked school sometimes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He does not want to go to school now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in his example , I could imagine what went through his father 's mind at that time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that he felt very guilty toward his child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , I can feel that um , um , parents who work in the city also have no alternative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are forced into making such decisions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , there was also this child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a child , a girl in Xixiang county , Shaanxi province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xixiang county", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Shaanxi province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , when I asked , \" What do you think are the changes that your parents working in the city have caused you ? \" She did not answer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She went home to get a small box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a small finger inside the box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a very terrifying incident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What was the small finger all about ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What happened was that when her um , parents left to work in the city , her grandparents looked after her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had a cellar at home and inside was a hay cutter for cutting hay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she went downstairs to play by herself , an accident happened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her grandparents said , \" We ca n't help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We ca n't keep an eye on her all the time . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", before they went to work in the city , they could watch her and forbade her to go down to the cellar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had told her not to do that before .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , I said that sometimes it is very difficult to ask children to have self control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was why she turned this way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Ruangang village , Bocang town , Yi county , Hebei province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ruangang village , Bocang town , Yi county , Hebei province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the 303 households in the village , one - third of the families have people who work in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "303", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "one - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than half of the children in the village are left - behind children .", "entity": [{"entity": "More than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the children 's parents are in the southern part of the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many people want to save some travel expenses and earn some more money , so it is very common for them not to return home for a year or two .", "entity": [{"entity": "a year or two", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life is so vast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life is an ocean wherever life exists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been six years since 14 - year - old Jiang Beiwen was sent by his parents to live with his maternal grandfather in Ruangang village .", "entity": [{"entity": "six years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "14 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Jiang Beiwen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Ruangang village", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His parents rely on selling rice in Guangzhou to support their child 's education .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They live a very hard life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little Beiwen has not seen them once in the past six years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beiwen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "the past six years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oh , I see so many children here who can turn for comfort in their parents ' arms !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , I envy them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I also , want to be able to turn to comfort in my parents ' arms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was at school the time I missed my mother the most .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh huh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We had a market !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oh , every day , there were parents who bought things for their oh , sons and daughters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I also wish that my parents could buy me things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I envied them very much .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was when I missed my mother the most .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Jiang Beiwen 's favorite photo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jiang Beiwen 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was taken with his father six years ago , before he sent him to live with his maternal grandfather .", "entity": [{"entity": "six years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was only eight years old at that time .", "entity": [{"entity": "eight years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only connection that little Beiwen has with his parents now is to talk on the phone with them once a week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beiwen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his opinion , affection among family members is something unreachable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How often can your mother call you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh , once a week !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What do you talk about ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will talk about my studies and life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My schoolwork was not quite good when I first came !", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My mother scolded me in the beginning when my schoolwork was poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said that I was losing honor for not doing well at school !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then I cried and after that , my mother cried , too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since they move from place to place in the city to work all year round , parents of left - behind children have little communication with their children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While for temporary custodians , they are only limited to providing superficial care , such as making sure the children have food and stay warm , but can not fulfill the responsibility of educating the children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The survey found that 36.7 percent of the children had never been to their parents ' workplace .", "entity": [{"entity": "36.7 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.2 percent of the parents almost never contacted their children .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.2 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "21.4 percent of the parents contacted their children less than once a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "21.4 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since their parents are absent , how can these children communicate and exchange with their parents ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study found that um , um , the principal means of contact between the left - behind children and their parents was through the telephone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , contrary to our belief that they could talk on the phone for a long time when they called , approximately 50 percent of the left - behind children we surveyed talked on the phone with their parents for three minutes or so .", "entity": [{"entity": "approximately 50 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [102, 126]}, {"entity": "three minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [212, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What could they talk about in three minutes ?", "entity": [{"entity": "three minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it is hard to say anything meaningful in three minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "three minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , we also studied what these children talked to their parents about in these three - minute telephone conversations .", "entity": [{"entity": "three - minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What did the parents who worked in the city talk about with their children ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What touched us very deeply was that 70 percent of the content of the children 's conversations with their parents was to ask about their safety and not other things , such as how much they had earned .", "entity": [{"entity": "70 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for the content of the parents ' conversations with their children , first , it was school .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether they were good and how their schoolwork was .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , it was whether they obeyed their custodians and what they ate and things like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh , as for safety matters , in fact , they could not have any emotional exchange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know that sometimes when we talk on the phone , even a pause is a need for emotional exchange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the parents may not have realized this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , the child has stopped talking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stops talking because he needs to pause to consider how to say what is in his mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parents may not have realized this point , so they hang up the phone immediately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , for three minutes , why was it only for three minutes ?", "entity": [{"entity": "three minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "three minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many cases , it was because they worried about the charge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", many left - behind children told us that they especially wanted to call their parents on the phone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , um , they considered that um , one thing , sometimes they did not have a telephone at home .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was very difficult for children to borrow the phone from their neighbors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , um , they considered that they needed money to make a phone call .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some children told me , \" I secretly called my parents when my custodians were not home . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The children have a great need for this type of telephone exchange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do the left - behind children understand why their parents work in the city ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , um , we conducted a survey on this question .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were very surprised to find that 40 percent of the left - behind children had no idea what jobs their parents held away from home .", "entity": [{"entity": "40 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How could that be possible ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We interviewed some left - behind children , their custodians , and the people who work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why would n't the children know what they did ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , we can tell from the content of the three - minute telephone conversations we mentioned earlier that children are particularly concerned about the safety of the parents who work in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "three - minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a lot of the work that the parents engaged in is dangerous work , including coalmines , construction , and some others , many of them are dangerous jobs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , I believe the parents of these left - behind children also choose not to take the initiative and tell them the nature of their job .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do they do that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is because they are afraid that their children will worry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , , parents , especially fathers , who work in the city have a particularly lofty image in the children 's mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe they do not want their children to know about the nature of their job or tell them what they do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They , do not want to destroy the lofty image of themselves in the child 's mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At noon , the maternal grandmother and maternal grandfather went to work in the field and did not come home .", "entity": [{"entity": "noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jiang Beiwen has to make lunch for himself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jiang Beiwen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This happens to him very often .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He could look after himself since he was nine .", "entity": [{"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What work are you going to do today , other than cooking ?", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh , I will do the dishes after I finish eating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it is Sunday when I am free , I will , also do some farm work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What kind of work ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh , I will hoe the field , uh , when we are in a hurry to till the land for growing crops , I will help do some work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you still remember your mother 's cooking ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh huh , I do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was especially tasty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , the most I want to know is , my parents ' health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do you want to know about that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is because I care about my parents very much .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think about their work because I know that they work in the city because of me , so I care about them a lot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will be worn out from working in the city , working in the city to make money .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe it is also because of me , so I care about their health a lot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of you , why is it because of you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because if they did n't have me , I think they uh , would be a lot more , relaxed when they worked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , are these children willing to live with their parents ? Or go to the city with them ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In regard to this , first , , children all want their parents to come back to live with them .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , 51 percent of the children we surveyed were unwilling to go to the city with their parents , go to the city , to live in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "51 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they all wanted their parents to come back , but half of the children did not want to go to the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also asked them why they did not want to go to the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was also very surprising to us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said that the city is another world and they were especially worried .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were afraid that once they go to the city , they will not be able to assimilate into the schools and things like that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , they realized that it is already a very difficult task for their parents to work in the city .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their parents have to send money home , among other things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they go live with them , they will add more burdens to their parents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we are in the city every day , live in the city every day , we may know that oh , city life is like this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for children from rural areas and people from rural areas who work in the city , they are not familiar with this world and they have a type of fear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for parents , are they more willing to bring their children with them or leave them at home ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe when parents make this decision , their main consideration is not willing or unwilling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All parents , I can say the majority of the parents , definitely want to live with their children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , with the reality that they have to face , I believe that they can not solve this problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , we know what the reality is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , their families are rather poor to begin with .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only the lower - middle class will leave the rural areas and work in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have to make money to support the family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will need a huge sum of money in order to bring their children to the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , I believe there are also many other reasons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also have to consider whether their children can go to school in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have to find a place to live .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these are problems that they need to resolve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problems they face are too many .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the children go to the city , the expenses will be very high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since circumstances do not permit , they can not bring their children with them , according to their will or their psychological need .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many parents are unable to bring their children with them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What would you tell your parents if you could see them now ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to tell them that I miss them very much .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judging from the surface , is there any obvious difference between the character of these left - behind children and non-left - behind children ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is hard to tell from the surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For these children , it depends on how long their parents have been working in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , some have just gone for a year , while others have gone for 10 years already .", "entity": [{"entity": "a year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "10 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , um , generally speaking , uh , we did not conduct any psychological testing or comparison in this psychological aspect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , many schools and custodians reported that many left - behind children had become very withdrawn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had very strange um , um , temperaments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did not like to speak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was , a child who was in the first year of junior high school .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , um , he told us himself that he particularly , um , um , misses his father .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was very good at school .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one time we visited him , his um , family told us that he was second in his class in his examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , he became extremely , extremely , annoyed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , um , um , his language and other things became very strange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , um , we also asked his um , um , grandparents who had custody of him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said that when his father was home , he would always encourage him and um , exchange with him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , of course , it was not necessarily because his parents worked in the city .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for some left - behind children , their parents working in the city has caused some psychological abnormalities and unusual development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This situation indeed exists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After all , these are families whose love is inadequate and incomplete .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe love is especially important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children need love from the time they are small .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have to understand our Chinese saying , \" The child is father to the man . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What it says is that the character that children form at a very young age will affect their entire life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only children who are loved and who realize the importance of love since they are young will be able to love other people in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , for this type , um , um , um , this group of left - behind children , psychologically , they do not have family love .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um , , if the parents work in the city , these children perhaps will not receive timely attention when they encounter many difficulties at home .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps the neighbors around are all facing different realities and can not offer them timely love .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under this situation , I believe , I am not sure , um , I am unwilling to imagine what mentality and character these children will develop when they grow up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will they believe there is love in society or not ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will they think that love is important in society or not , because they have never experienced it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have never completely experienced it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , if such a large group in society does not realize that love should be , um , given or received in society , I think this is , something that I do not want to imagine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the guarantee in food , clothing , and school that left - behind children get because their parents work in the city to make money , they do not have the psychological and physiological satisfaction that they require .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the survey , more than half of the left - behind children were dissatisfied with their current life .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "58 percent of the left - behind children believed that they were unhappy .", "entity": [{"entity": "58 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are the parents worried about leaving their children at home by themselves ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do they understand the living conditions of their children at home ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They thought that this was a reality that they could not um , um , face .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were condemned to this reality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No doubt , I think some , um , parents have not had such profound consideration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do n't they ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe people are all the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they face such an urgent need for a livelihood , their first consideration will be the need for a livelihood .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can not consider the deeper issue of children 's safety and psychology when their livelihood has not been solved , satisfied , and guaranteed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , there were two sisters who lived in a cave dwelling in Shaanxi province .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Shaanxi province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many people whom we interviewed lived in cave dwellings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once there was a flood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ", these sisters stayed in the cave dwelling to look after the home !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This happened in the rural area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two children were looking after the home .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their uncle saved them when the flood was almost past their bellies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their father called later to see if they were fine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family told him that they were fine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not come back after that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did not come back to check if everything was fine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe the reason he did not return was that he would ponder whether he should return or not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iraq in the shadows .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Iraqis vote on a new constitution have the media dropped the ball on this long and bloody war /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Has Iraq been overshadowed by Katrina and Tom DeLay and Harriet Meyers and the Pakistan quake /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Katrina", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Tom DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Harriet Meyers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A conversation with columnist Tom Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was Sixty Minutes unfair to Bill Clinton in airing Louis Freeh 's charges against him /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former Clinton lawyer Lanny Davis in our new Talk Back to the Media segment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Talk Back to the Media", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [45, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plus that bogus subway terror alert .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why did n't television slam on the brakes /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome to Reliable Sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Howard Kurtz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Kurtz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 're joining us at our new time ten AM eastern seven pacific for a full hour of media analysis every week .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten AM eastern", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "seven pacific", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "a full hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "every week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have some new segments we 'll be adding in the coming week .", "entity": [{"entity": "the coming week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so stay tuned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had a wide ranging sitdown with Pulitzer Prize winner Tom Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pulitzer Prize", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but first Judy Miller and the New York Times finally go public on the front page this morning with their nearly six thousand word account of the CIA leak investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "nearly six thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a separate first person account Miller confirmed that she told the grand jury that Scooter Libby Dick Cheney 's top aide discussed with her as many as three times the role of Valerie Plame as a CIA employee .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Dick Cheney 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "as many as three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 191]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This says the Bush administration was angry about her husband Joe Wilson 's role in criticizing President Bush on whether Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Joe Wilson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conclusion by a team of Times reporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Times incurred millions of dollars in legal fees in Miss Miller 's case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "millions of dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [19, 38]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It limited its own ability to cover aspects of one of the biggest scandals of the day .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even as the paper asked for the public 's support it was unable to answer its questions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the journalistic revelations, Miller released from jail last month says she pushed for a story on the outing of Valerie Plame back in two thousand three .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "two thousand three", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She never wrote one .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but her former boss says no way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that never happened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the Times was so conflicted in covering the controversy the editors killed the story about Libby and pulled their punches in other ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And joining us now in Los Angeles Arianna Huffington the syndicated columnist and founder of the blog huffington post dot com .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in Minneapolis Lucy Dalglish executive director of the Reporters ' Committee for Freedom of the Press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "the Reporters ' Committee for Freedom of the Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and here in Washington Frank Sesno professor of public policy and communication at George Mason University and a CNN special correspondant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Frank Sesno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "George Mason University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 106]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Sesno has the New York Times belatedly to be sure fought and finally made an honest accounting of its role of Judy Miller 's role and the tensions that she created in the newsroom /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Sesno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well an honest accounting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah maybe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but not a full accounting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know and if the whole bottom line of this mess is that the public has the right to know and that that 's what this is all about the public still does n't know a lot of things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's still a lot of questions here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why was that waiver that Miller was apparently granted by uh Scooter Libby a year ago /-", "entity": [{"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why did it wait until she sat in jail for all that time before she actually took up on it /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know she 's referred to in the Times ' own account as Miss Run Amuck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Miss Run Amuck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was pulled off of certain stories on Iraq 's weapons of mass destruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What are her motives and bottom lines to the secrecy of this whole thing /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a lot we still do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Miss Run Amuck was a name she gave herself quite proudly apparently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miss Run Amuck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arianna Huffington the Times piece a lengthy piece acknowledges that Judy Miller was a controversial figure in the newsroom whose own WMD reporting was wrong and that while she claims to have pushed for this uh story on Valerie Plame two years ago Jill Abrahamson now the paper 's managing editor says No way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [220, 233]}, {"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "Jill Abrahamson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [248, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That did n't happen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words there 's a dispute in the accounts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretty candid stuff for a newspaper to publish about itself would n't you say /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well as Frank said there are many unanswered questions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there are many very devastating eh comments and conclusions about Judy Miller as a journalist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think the Times had any choice though Howie . Because remember as a press reporter back on July twenty - seventh the turmoil in the newsroom has been going on for months about Judy Miller and the way the paper has decided to cover the story and the way they decided to present her as a martyr for the first amendment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "July twenty - seventh", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 121]}, {"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "the first amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [306, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the main unanswered question here is why did Arthur Sulzberger the newspaper 's publisher allow Judy Miller to hijack the reporting of that story and the editorial policy on that story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Sulzberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the similarities for the Jayson Blair case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jayson Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remember after the Jayson Blair scandal broke we had a seven thousand word story that did not give a full account of what happened . Especially about why is a major institution like the Times ignoring so many red flags .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jayson Blair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "seven thousand word", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alright .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the story one of things that we learn is that Bill Keller took Judy Miller off her WMD beat as one of his first personnel decisions when he took eh the reins as editor .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Bill Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well uh I agree there are some unanswered questions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I 'm willing to give the Times a little more credit than you for at least attempting to answer uh many of the questions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Lucy Dalglish here 's the thing that jumped out at me in the story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judy Miller acknowledges that at Louis Libby 's request this is the Dick Cheney aide she agreed to refer to him and in stories not as a senior administration official but as a former Hill aide because he had once worked on Capitol Hill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Louis Libby 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Dick Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [183, 187]}, {"entity": "Capitol Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [223, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you have a problem with that sort of thing /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought that was a little bit misleading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I thought it was odd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean her justification was that well he had been a former Hill staffer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um but that was a strange request .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I think the agreement was strange .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll agree with you on that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Sesno the Times was so hamstrung by its passionate embrace of this reporter who after all was facing jail did go to jail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Sesno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One can understand the emotions uh that were unleashed here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and yet the editors discouraged stories on the CIA leak investigation and one time killed a piece written by a reporter about Scooter Libby .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was that an abdication of journalistic responsibility /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe yeah maybe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean what it really shows Howie I think is just how difficult it is for news organizations to report on themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know news organizations demand total transparency whether you 're General Motors or United States government .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Motors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We want access .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We want explanation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We want full disclosure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it 's very difficult for them to do it themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case and the Times makes it very plain in their story today they really suffered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were behind on virtually every major aspect of the story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even when she went to jail /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even when she went to jail and w- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she won release from jail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah at the point that she came out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did n't say that you know until she walked out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the question and this is a very serious question it 's not answered in the article .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Were editorial higher - ups and were the corporate lawyers at the New York Times in some way leaning on suppressing and distorting the coverage from the news uh section /?", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arianna Huffington uh in this lengthy piece this morning uh uh Judy Miller is quoted excuse me as saying that there was another source beside Scooter Libby that she dealt with on the Valerie Plame situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She does n't recall who that source was looking at her notes and seeing the uh notation Valerie Flame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valerie Flame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She got the name wrong .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you buy this notion that she does n't recall who this other source was /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No of course not Howie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact I think this is the major unanswered question .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do n't know who eh her source was when it comes to revealing the identity of Valerie Plame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And to say that she does not recall is really as convincing as having Woodward and Bernstein saying that they do not recall who Deep Throat was .", "entity": [{"entity": "Woodward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Bernstein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "Deep Throat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After all these notes were just a few weeks old when um the Valerie Plame Bob Novak column appeared and when the whole Washington and the whole journalistic community was talking about it .", "entity": [{"entity": "just a few weeks old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Bob Novak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know I do n't /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidentally there was some questions uh that Judy Miller would not answer to her colleagues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she would n't share her notes with them although they 've been turned over to the special prosecutor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucy Dalglish the big news for me was Miller recounting what her lawyer Floyd Abrams had said to her about a conversation that he had with Joe Tate who was Scooter Libby 's lawyer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "Floyd Abrams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Joe Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh says um Floyd Abrams according to Miller 's account when I would n't give him Tate an assurance that you would exonerate Libby he said do n't go there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Floyd Abrams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now Tate by the way tells the Times that that account is false and outrageous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does this help justify eh Judy Miller 's otherwise mysterious decision to go to jail and not accept the waiver of confidentiality that Scooter Libby offered and sit in jail for eighty - five days /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "eighty - five days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [177, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N- you n- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know I 've been talking to Judy off and on about this case for the last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "the last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a very difficult decision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you know what this all comes down to is you keep your promises when you make a promise to a confidential source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'll recall six or eight months ago Howie I was on the show and we were talking about you know did Russert and Kessler and all the rest of those guys did they break some trust by agreeing to testify and observing the waiver /?", "entity": [{"entity": "six or eight months ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Russert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Kessler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What I think this situation and the turmoil that is obviously going on at the Times right now points out is the fact that we have a major problem in this country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's that reporters believe they need to keep their promises to their sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reporters will try to do whatever they can as long as the law allows them to protect those sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But these days um with the state of our law the fact that we do not have a federal shield law we have prosecutors and civil litigants going in there and interfering with the day to day operation of our newsrooms .", "entity": [{"entity": "these days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we just can tolerate this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 're trying to /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think Lucy 's on to something here if I can just say Howie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think this is very important because this is an ugly case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And even people close to Judith Miller say this is not the one you 'd really like to go to the mat on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judith Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'd love to have a clear whistle blower case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'd love to have a Pentagon papers case .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 'd love to have something where the well - being and the sanctity of the Republic you know hangs in the balance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She did n't even report on this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it does point out a very serious issue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that is the whole notion of the use of and abuse of confidential sources the protections that reporters do or do n't have and the propensity of uh the United States government to have more secrecy not less .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 've got to figure this out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well just to clarify uh she did ultimately uh testify about her confidential source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The whole issue was how voluntary was the waiver of her promise to Scooter Libby offered and why was she able to accept after being in jail as opposed to before being in jail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well exactly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you know what Howie . .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's really time for Lucy and other Judy Miller defenders to update her talking points because what Lucy just said just simply does not wash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Lucy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The truth is that as Howie said she did testify .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The truth is that it 's very clear from the stories today that she could 've asked uh Scooter Libby to call her so that she could hear the timber of his voice earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of that could have happened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It did not happen because clearly Judy Miller is protecting another source that she still has not revealed to the American public .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the New York Times is .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ".", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me get a response from Lucy Dalglish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it 's very obvious from what Judy wrote today she is protecting somebody else .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And one of the reasons that this negotiation took so long is that not only was she negotiating what she was going to say about Scooter Libby but you got to keep in mind I 'm a lawyer there were lawyers involved in this .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Scooter Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had to negotiate with Patrick Fitzgerald what he would not talk about .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patrick Fitzgerald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also had to negotiate whether or not there would be any type of um uh uh obstruction charges connected with contacting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once you invoke the wrath or the extreme interest of a federal prosecutor you have to be very very careful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do n't mess with the Feds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's very clear in her story that she decided finally to testify because she got tired of jail because she was threatened with criminal contempt charges because she wanted to go out and now she 's saying admitting finally write a book .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these things are there in black and white .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and to continue to portray her as a martyr is not going to work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And on that point Arianna on that point she says sh- /-", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excuse me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judy Miller says she 's taking some time off from the paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She wants to write a book .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She would n't share her notes with her colleagues who were writing the story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you think she 'll ever come back /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You think she 's saving it for the book /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 's very clear that she would not be welcome in the newsroom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's very clear eh as I reported again that when Bill Keller took her off her WMD beat they were all hoping she would resign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead she threw a fit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but she stayed on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is not a journalism one oh one course the way she handled both the WMD reporting and Plame Gate .", "entity": [{"entity": "one oh one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Plame Gate", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Sesno please comment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jump in .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Howie I 'll tell you what .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a gigantic shot across the bow of every manager in the news business and every editor and every executive producer anywhere because you got to have some uh control some connection with your correspondants and your reporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You got to know who they 're talking to at some level anyway because you know what /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's about trust with the public .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's about you know ending up in jail or in court .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "their story says that Bill Keller and Arthur Sulzberger did not press Judy Miller about her conversations with Libby or ask to see her notes while they were defending her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Keller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Arthur Sulzberger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ask to see her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And by the way we invited the New York Times to have an editor appear on this program .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper declined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When we come back media speculation run amuck over possible indictments at sixteen hundred Pennsylvania and the President 's scripted session with troops in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stay with us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome back to Reliable Sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the CIA leak investigation continued this week media folks did plenty of speculating with no evidence about the possible indictment of a certain top White House official who testified before the grand jury for the fourth time on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [217, 223]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [232, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karl Rove his closest aide the number two man in the White House the man that has been called Bush 's brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "number two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If he 's indicted and has to go it undermines the key source of this President 's public support his character .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If Rove gets indicted that could bring down the Bush administration I think .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My understanding from talking to somebody quite close to this investigation is that they think there are going to be indictments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and possibly Karl Rove could be among them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lucy Dalglish if Karl Rove is indicted , if Karl Rove is indicted , what if he 's not indicted /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is n't this the worst kind of journalistic speculation /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know I think it 's always dangerous to speculate whether or not you 're really besmirching someone 's reputation . Although I 'm not sure you can do that with Karl Rove .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it uh is very very you know eh irre- /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would prefer that people keep an eye on you know watching him testify and going in and out of the courthouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But uh will it bring down the administration /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah eh I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well nobody knows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's the point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arianna Huffington I used to cover the justice department .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not everybody who 's under investigation winds up getting indicted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah but you certainly and you 're uh on a blog so maybe it 's a different standard have speculated about Rove 's fate as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well not just Rove though .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what we have speculated is that it might be a much more tangled web that Fitzgerald is after the whole Iraq White House group the group that uh in Cheney 's office with Libby and Rove and Mary Matalin and Condoleezza Rice and a lot of administration officials basically sold um a war to the American public based on lies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fitzgerald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "Libby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 174]}, {"entity": "Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "Mary Matalin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [188, 200]}, {"entity": "Condoleezza Rice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 221]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [291, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean that is really the web .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it seems and we find out today also from uh um the reporting on the Miller story , that uh Fitzgerald is after Cheney even in some of the questioning eh of Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Fitzgerald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think those were fairly routine questions about .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you have Judy Miller there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you ask about Cheney . .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was being thorough .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think we 're overthinking this whole thing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karl Rove and this speculation business you know .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Sesno .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Sesno .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pat Fitzgerald .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Fitzgerald .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's very easy to sit here and say oh we should never speculate in journalism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's irresponsible journalism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's really how you speculate not that you speculate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact of the matter is that Karl Rove has been to the grand jury four times .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact of the matter is that there are lots of people in Washington and believe me they 're not all journalists who are speculating what if the guy gets indicted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be irresponsible I think for the media not to reflect what the discussion is here in town .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there are plenty of Republicans mostly Republicans who are worried about this .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alright I want to turn now to uh President Bush 's uh meeting uh uh photo op some called it with US troops in Iraq whether it was staged how shocking that would be .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a look at the actual footage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in your interactions with the Iraqi civilians in Tikrit Saddam 's hometown how are they reacting to this political process /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Tikrit", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sir in the north central area of Iraq voter registration has increased seventeen percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "seventeen percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can you give us a sense for the reception of the people there in Tikrit /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tikrit", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sir in north central Iraq voter regis- /-", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you stunned /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shocked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ca n't believe it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they rehearsed it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They rehearsed it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah you know something /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh I remember a long time ago Michael Deaver the ultimate image meister for Ronald Reagan said my job is to light the President well and for everything I do to put the President in a good light .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Deaver", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now look first of all this is uncomfortable to see .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and what the problem this now creates for the White House is {is} it plays into the credibility issue that the President has that everything now is becoming a photo op and a rehearsed event in order to rescue what are tumbling numbers on his performance on public support of Iraq the whole bit .", "entity": [{"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [275, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the fact that anybody would think that you would do something like this a remote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean anybody in television will tell you that 's complicated business .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have satellite delay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have a half a dozen people sitting there .", "entity": [{"entity": "a half a dozen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Who 's going to speak when .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do n't want awkward silences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 're going to walk through it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so that it happened does n't surprise me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That it hurts the President yeah that 's inevitable too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arianna Huffington does the staging here surprise you at all /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 's not the question of surpising me Howie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's the fact that we are talking about war .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is not just any photo opportunity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course that 's part and parcel of the presidency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we 're talking about a war in which almost two thousand young Americans have died .", "entity": [{"entity": "almost two thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we are also using soldiers as props .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes it is shocking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I think Keith Olbermann did a phenomenal job at exposing this on MSNBC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keith Olbermann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "MSNBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think more and more journalists are actually taking a hard look at what this administration is doing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 'll have to leave it there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last word .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arianna Huffington Lucy Dalglish in Minneapolis Frank Sesno thanks so very much for joining us .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Lucy Dalglish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Frank Sesno", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming up , we launch our new segment Talk Back to the Media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talk Back to the Media", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [38, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton 's former lawyer Lanny Davis takes on Sixty Minutes and ex-FBI director Louis Freeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "ex-FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And still to come New York Times columnist Tom Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our new Talk Back to the Media segment someone who believes he or she 's been treated unfairly by the press gets the chance to sound off and give their side of the controversy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Talk Back to the Media", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last Sunday Mike Wallace sat down with Louis Freeh who 's peddling a memoir on Sixty Minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Mike Wallace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the former FBI director unloaded on the President who appointed him Bill Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among his criticisms the former president 's handling of the nineteen ninety - six Khobar Towers terrorist bombing that killed nineteen US marines in Saudi Arabia .", "entity": [{"entity": "nineteen ninety - six", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [61, 82]}, {"entity": "Khobar Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "nineteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was very disappointed that the political leadership of the United States uh would tell the families of these nineteen heroes that we were going to leave no stone unturned and find the people who killed them .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "nineteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to give that order to the director because that 's the order that I got and then to do nothing to assist and facilitate that investigation in fact to undermine it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Clinton people were furious at the way Sixty Minutes hailed the segment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and here to talk back is former Clinton White House attorney Lanny Davis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's deal with the substance first .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Louis Freeh says that when Clinton met with Crown Prince Abdullah in nineteen ninety - eight , he did n't press for FBI access to suspects in the Khobar Towers bombing and he hit up the prince for a contribution to his presidential library .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Crown Prince Abdullah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "nineteen ninety - eight", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 92]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "Khobar Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well not only is that false and President Clinton has said so but everybody who attended the meeting not including Louis Freeh says it 's false .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And my problem with Sixty Minutes is that they never called anybody at the meeting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until Friday afternoon we did n't even know the charge was being made .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [6, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And even then they were unwilling to put somebody on the air to contradict Mister Freeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty Minutes says Bill Clinton was offered a chance to come on and give his rebuttal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What 's wrong with that /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well first of all it 's absolutely amazing that Sixty Minutes thinks it 's okay to air a false and malicious statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a terrible charge that an FBI investigation was thwarted because President Clinton wanted to receive money for his library .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charge was false .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the only way that that can be countered is a former president of the United States /?", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What about anybody at the meeting who was willing to be on /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What about them doing reporting themselves before they air a false and demonstrably false charge /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's my problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What about Sandy Berger the former national security advisor under President Clinton /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sandy Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was at the meeting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was in the room .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did you offer him for an on - camera interview /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well on Friday afternoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You were n't there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was not there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 're good on television .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but you were n't there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh I talked to Sandy Berger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sandy Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We issued a statement from Mister Berger .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but this was Friday afternoon when we first learned about it with Sunday broadcast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why did n't Sixty Minutes invite Mister Berger or other people at the meeting before Friday afternoon /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Friday afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why did it take us to get Sixty Minutes to do basic reporting to verify facts /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not enough to have Louis Freeh say something is so based on an anonymous source .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's poor journalism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On that point let me read a statement from a Sixty Minutes spokesman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And this involves uh their saying that they contacted Clinton 's office back in August with a detailed list of charges and then quote in subsequent phone calls the President 's people said he did not want to be interviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They gave no +substantive response to any of the allegations until Lanny Davis launched his PR campaign on the Thursday before the broadcast and offered himself as the person from the camp who would merely disparage and attack Freeh rather than deal with his allegations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "the Thursday before the broadcast", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 140]}, {"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [227, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denials from President Clinton and Sandy Berger that did deal with Freeh 's allegations were included in the Sixty Minutes report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Sandy Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well first of all it 's false to say that I was asking to disparage Freeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was asking to talk about facts that Freeh was saying that were not true .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do n't mind disparaging Freeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my observation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "no in fact I disparage any man who as FBI director has a personal pique rather than doing his job .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's disparaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly it is absolutely a misrepresentation that they told us before just the week before .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secondly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "just the week before", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Mister Carson the representative spoke to Mister Wallace Mister Wallace agreed that they had never verified what Mister uh Freeh had said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Wallace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Wallace", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They never talked to Mister Freeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and in fact it was n't until that Friday that we learned the substance of Mister Freeh 's charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "that Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So Sixty Minutes I think has just said something that is false .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When did the Clinton team find out that Sixty Minutes was going to report that Louis Freeh with his new book was going to have a specific allegation about Clinton 's handling of the Khobar Towers investigation and the business about the presidential library solicitation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Khobar Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [182, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When somebody named Howard Kurtz wrote a story in the Washington Post on Friday morning is the first time that the Clinton forces learned about that false and demonstrably false charge that good reporting by calling people who were at the meeting could have done would have verified that Mister Freeh made a false charge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Kurtz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "the Washington Post", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "Friday morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [295, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And even since that interview Mister Freeh has backed off and has not told people who his source is .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he has n't even insisted that it was true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He just said somebody told him it was true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hold on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty Minutes spokesman Kevin Tedesco said in the statement I just referred to that the Clinton office was contacted in August with a detailed list of charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Kevin Tedesco", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [120, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's false .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you saying that 's false /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were never told . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or at least I 'm now basing this on what Mister Carson has told me .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jay Carson is the spokesman for former president Bill Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jay Carson is the spokesperson for President Clinton was not informed about the specific charge about the Khobar Towers which happens to be not true .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jay Carson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "the Khobar Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton at that uh meeting did press the uh Crown Prince to cooperate with the FBI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so what Mister Freeh said was false .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was not understood by the Clinton people until it was read in the Washington Post in the story that you wrote because Sixty Minutes put a press release out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "the Washington Post", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh now look Lanny Davis Sixty Minutes gave Bill Clinton one hour last year to push his own ten million dollar autobiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "one hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "ten million dollar", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [91, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He criticized people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He criticized Ken Starr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Starr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did n't have Ken Starr on to rebut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ken Starr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now the former director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation uh who ca n't stand Clinton clearly writes a book gets one segment for his book .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Federal Bureau of Investigation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 62]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you cry foul .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nobody was complaining about when Bill Clinton was getting all this airtime on CBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Look .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Look this is a program about good journalism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's ask a Sixty Minutes uh journalist to say do you have an obligation to verify a charge made by the former FBI director as whether it 's true or not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixty Minutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it good enough to air it just because he says it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or should you do reporting /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good reporters would hear that charge and say that is an extremely serious charge to be levelled against former president Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's see whether it 's true and start making phone calls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They did not do that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's a fact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alright Lanny Davis thanks very much for coming on to Talk Back to the Media this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanny Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "Talk Back to the Media", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [54, 76]}, {"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We appreciate it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ahead in the second half of Reliable Sources New York Times columnist Tom Friedman on whether the media are suffering from Iraq fatigue .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plus that heavily hyped subway threat that was n't .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an update on the hour 's top stories from Atlanta .", "entity": [{"entity": "hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hello I 'm at the CNN center in Atlanta .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now in the news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earthquake relief flights have resumed in Pakistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's after torrential rain stopped flights for hours there .", "entity": [{"entity": "hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And a Pakistani helicopter crashed killing six soldiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistani", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A magnitude seven point six earthquake struck last weekend as you recall .", "entity": [{"entity": "seven point six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "last weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pakistan 's prime minister says it killed at least thirty - eight thousand people and left about two and a half million homeless .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "thirty - eight thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "about two and a half million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toledo Ohio is quiet this morning after a planned march by a self - styled nazi group sparked a riot yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toledo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Associated Press says police arrested at least sixty - five people .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Associated Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "at least sixty - five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The march never got started .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but hundreds of counter-demonstrators showed up and battled police on and off for more than three hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "more than three hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [82, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police say the protestors vandalized vehicles and buildings setting at least one structure on fire .", "entity": [{"entity": "at least one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Look at this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a semi-truck and a bus carrying high school band members collided overnight on interstate ninety - four and in Wisconsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "overnight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "interstate ninety - four", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [79, 103]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Associated Press quotes the Wisconsin state patrol as saying at least five people were killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Associated Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "at least five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The students were from Chippewa Falls Wisconsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chippewa Falls", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were returning from a band competition at the University of Wisconsin in Whitewater .", "entity": [{"entity": "the University of Wisconsin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "Whitewater", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those are the headlines this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm in Atlanta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have another news update coming up in just thirty minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "just thirty minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [41, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More of CNN 's Reliable Sources continues right now .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome back to the second half of Reliable Sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our new time for those of you just turning in is ten AM eastern seven on the west coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten AM eastern", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we 'll be bringing you a full hour of media interviews and analysis each week .", "entity": [{"entity": "a full hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "each week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iraq story which the media has placed on the back burner in recent months is simmering again as voters in that war torn country went to the polls yesterday to vote on a new constitution with the results yet to be counted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But are journalists getting the real story there /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To help us scrutinize the coverage I sat down with a foreign affairs columnist of the New York Times three time Pulitzer winner Tom Friedman and the author most recently of The World is Flat .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Pulitzer", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "The World is Flat", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [173, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tom Friedman welcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good to be here Howie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "thank you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other day you wrote that if you were the editor of the New York Times you would 've led the paper with the news of recent days that a Sunni suicide bomber on Ramadan had attacked a Shiite mosque .", "entity": [{"entity": "The other day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "Ramadan", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [162, 169]}, {"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [185, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now in reality the world that you do n't rule New York Times Washington Post made that part of a larger story on Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "Washington Post", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh nobody put it on the front page .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bad news judgement /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh I think so Howie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not here to make a news point though .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm really making a larger point which is about the war on terrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm a firm believer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How we ever going to win this war /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're never going to win it by way of American intelligence finding this terrorist or that terrorist .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We get lucky every once in a while .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but there 's only {one?} way we win this war Howie is it takes a village .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It only happens when the Sunni Muslim world basically turns people in and when the Sunni Muslim world restrains their own .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunni Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Sunni Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what was so shocking to me about this story a Sunni Jihadi suicide bomber blows up a mosque number one on the first day of Ramadan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunni Jihadi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "number one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "the first day of Ramadan", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [110, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What that tells you is that there 's no controlling moral authority today in the Sunni Muslim world .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Sunni Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well what is the bigger story /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that is a huge story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it should have been a big story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why was n't /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it because of Iraq fatigue /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think it is yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Think it 's /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are all the editors and producers and new executives feeling another day another bombing ten killed twenty killed fifteen killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "another day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "twenty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "fifteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it does n't rise anymore to the top of the newscast or the front page /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah and I think that 's right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is Iraq fatigue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there 's so much fatigue that we do n't sit back and say wait a minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "a minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what happened today /?", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Sunni Muslim fundamentalist went into a mosque on the first day of Ramadan their holiest day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunni Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "the first day of Ramadan", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and no one says boo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this is civilization that when we accidentally or deliberately I do n't know abused the Koran people rioted in Pakistan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koran", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet their own houses of worship and holidays are being defiled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think it is a measure of how much we 've kind of lost been numbed by all of this that we do n't sit back and say wow wait a minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "a minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that really crosses the line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we have to call them on it even if they do n't .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 're recently back from Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you write about driving in from Kuwait .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You were guarded by the US navy .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and yet it was kind of a harrowing experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why so /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um you know the south of Iraq which is where I was the area around .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the safe part .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right exactly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was in the safe district .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was guarded uh by the British Royal Marines actually because unfortunately they 've had now um uh roadside bombs down there not suicide bombs .", "entity": [{"entity": "the British Royal Marines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's part of the general continuing insecurity of Iraq that um I 'm afraid has plagued this story from the very beginning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's been I 've always felt the Achille 's heel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Achille", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know my criticism of the Bush administration as you know we 've talked about this before is not that this war is not important .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe it is important much more important than I think the left has ever fully recognized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it 's so much harder than the right has ever been willing to acknowledge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And on that trip you put on body armor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "their rifles were out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um how does that affect your perception as a journalist /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You 're there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you 're being protected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you must have been a little bit nervous of what the safety situation is in there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I 'll tell you what 's really frustrating from a journalist 's point of view as one who have lived in Beirut for nearly five years covered that war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beirut", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "nearly five years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [118, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When I worked in Lebanon you could go anywhere on that story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You could cross lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Journalists worked for the most part until the very end with Terry Anderson the kidnappings targets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore by the end of the Lebanon story I thought the best journalists there knew more than the Lebanese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I always thought the best compliment you could get as a journalist is when you told the Lebanese something they did n't know because you were moving around so much .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What 's so frustrating about the Iraq story Howie no one has a bird 's eye view .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I care passionately about this story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm so interested in it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but because of the securtiy situation you ca n't move around with the freedom you want .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the brave reporters who are there every day do n't have that freedom of movement either .", "entity": [{"entity": "every day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And therefore it 's limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and in fact as you know the administration says because of the security situation and maybe because of some biases in the media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a lot of good things going on in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a lot of progress being made we 're not seeing reported by the press .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you think that is a credible argument at this point in the mess there /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No because I do n't have a bird 's eye view .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wish I could say .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wish I could be so sure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but General Casey does n't have a bird 's eye view .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that 's why we get surprises in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh that 's why we had an election where eight million people suddenly turn out .", "entity": [{"entity": "eight million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and maybe you know we 're going to see more surpises in the coming future there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But because no one can move around with the freedom that you need to talk to everyone you do n't have that bird 's eye view .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And as a reporter as a columnist who really cares about this story I find that really frustra- /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I can not report it the way I 'd love to .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I 've been there five times .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but it 's episodic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's never really putting your arms around the story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pulling back the camera a bit in recent months you 'd have to say that the Iraq story has been overshadowed by Katrina by Rita by Tom DeLay by Harriet Miers by Valerie Plame and now by this Pakistan earthquake .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Katrina", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Rita", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "Tom DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "Harriet Miers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um inevitable with a war that drags on and on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and these are all also important stories obviously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but uh do you feel it 's getting the attention that it should /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No because to me this is the whole ballgame of the Bush administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Katrina and Rita they 'll come and go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katrina", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Rita", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but at the end of the day the Bush administration made a very big claim um that it could go to Iraq um and produce a decent forward looking government there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If that happens then I think President Bush is going to have a very huge quiver you know in his uh legacy there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um if it does n't happen I think uh the administration will be seen as a complete and utter failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so everything rides on this not just for the administration though but for the American people .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are huge stakes involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so I do n't think it 's gotten the attention it 's deserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And going back again to one of your Iraq collumns uh you observed the Iraqi military there which after all is supposed to be increasingly shouldering the burden of this conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The slightly ragged quality left you feeling you write that if you pulled the US and British advisors out tomorrow the whole Iraqi navy would collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's a pretty pessimistic assessment and clearly at odds with what the White House and the Defense Department say every day .", "entity": [{"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "the Defense Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 112]}, {"entity": "every day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not at odds though with what actually the military commanders have been saying which is that the number of really trained Iraqi units you know are far fewer than sometimes suggested by the administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you 're saying there 's a gap between what real time military commanders on the ground are willing to tell you not necessarily on the record .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You quoted one US senior official and what the President of the United States and the Vice President and the Secretary of Defense are saying to reporters every day .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "every day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are we calling them on that /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right I do n't think enough because there 's been a lot of happy talk around this Howie basically .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And a lot of numbers are thrown out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty thousand this week we 've got trained a hundred and twenty thousand next week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eighty thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "a hundred and twenty thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 74]}, {"entity": "next week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's what you learn when you go to Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where you have an Iraqi commander who 's a real leader of soldiers okay you have a unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And where you do n't have that commander you do n't have a unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the numbers the macro numbers do n't mean anything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I went down to see the navy there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The navy of Iraq has a terrific commander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so the people around him they 'll follow him into battle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you take that one guy out there 's no Iraqi navy .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's true of units all over the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's really the key .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You say that you are angry uh that Bush has fought the war as though it would be easy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you particularly angry as somebody who supported the war and took heat from some of your liberal friends for doing so /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolutely because I believe this is important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe that something very big is at stake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're dealing with a Muslim Arab civilization right now that 's that 's in decline , that 's heading in the wrong direction in ways that are dangerous for them and I believe dangerous for the stability of the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muslim Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's something really important here at stake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and what makes me so angry at the Bush administration is not that they did n't frame the stakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But they never never appreciated how difficult it was .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They never prepared the army or the American people for how difficult it was .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mentioned the uh devastating earthquake in Pakistan a region you 're familiar with .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um clearly it 's become a pretty big story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but for the first couple days I noticed it was n't that much of a television story .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first couple days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the reason was no pictures no video .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um but also maybe there was there a little bit less coverage because it 's in a remote part of the world /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh Westerners are more interested in New Orleans than in Pakistan /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Westerners", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "New Orleans", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think all of the above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're so numbed also after Katrina and Rita .", "entity": [{"entity": "Katrina", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Rita", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and now another earthquake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just become uh one natural disaster after another .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to hear ten thousand twenty thousand forty thousand then it 's almost hard for a journalist to process .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "twenty thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "forty thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it was remote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and people are exhausted I think both viewers and reporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ahead have New York Times columnists been asked not to write about Judy Miller /?", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More of my interview with Tom Friedman next .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome back to Reliable Sources now a full hour each week here in our new time slot ten to eleven o'clock eastern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "a full hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "each week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "ten to eleven o'clock eastern", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [85, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More now of my conversation with New York Times columnist Tom Friedman about his book the new online charge to read him and Judy Miller .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Tom Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now your new book The World is Flat I 've got it here .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World is Flat", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh monster best seller more than a million copies better than any book you 've ever written before .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than a million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um you were recently profiled about this in Fortune magazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fortune", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and uh let 's just say that it did n't say you walked on water but it came close .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh but one of the criticisms /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It says that you 're the composer of the nation 's talking points which was news to me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh one of the things it said was that uh in your book and in your writing that CEOs play a very central role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the suggestion was well CEOs love you , you 're asked to speak at all these corporate events , maybe because you give them a very large uh share of the narrative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mhm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That a reasonable observation /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah it is a reasonable observation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And my reaction to that is look if I want to understand the underlying technology that is flattening the world who do I go to /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do I go to I do n't know Central America /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Central America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do I go to um uh the factory floor /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or do I go to the innovators and entrepeneurs who actually put all this together /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I make no apology for that at all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um fact I would make a criticism of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are n't enough people during the last few years who actually went out and talked to the innovators who are doing all of these things who are actually reshaping the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last few years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just the opposite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We kind of had an Enron effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enron", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Enron effect was all CEOs are guilty unless proven innocent , therefore who wants to talk to them /?", "entity": [{"entity": "Enron", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And therefore I would argue -- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wait a second .", "entity": [{"entity": "a second", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wait a second .", "entity": [{"entity": "a second", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Journalists uh subscribe to stereotypes because there are a few crooks at major corporations because you know they 're all bad guys /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeah I would say .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh that 's a harsh uh assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would say that there 's several things happened basically in the last three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would call it a perfect storm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was nine eleven .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "nine eleven", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That distracted us okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other was the Enron effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enron", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know no one wanted to be sort of seen with CEOs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And number three was the dot com bust which made everyone think well all this globalization technology stuff is really over .", "entity": [{"entity": "number three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And as a result I would argue that really masked what is actually a fundemental inflection point the flattening of the world that we 're going from a vertical value creation model of command and control to a much more horizontal one of connect and collaborate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The argument of this book is that that shift is actually going to have as big an effect over time as Gutenberg and the printing press .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gutenberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I would argue a little bit that it got missed because of all these other distractions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it 's only had an effect on Tom Friedman 's career .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Friedman 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact you were the Playboy interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "Playboy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hey put that paper down .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I bought it for the articles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh I enjoyed the interview .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you said in there that your wife uh edits all your columns and she says do n't publish it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes she does .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You go back and rewrite it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm afraid I do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My wife Andrea edits them all .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrea", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and when she gives me thumbs down Howie I have to put it in a ball throw it in the circular file and start over .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she 's a tough editor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now your international readership on the New York Times website has gone down because of this new experiment the Times has where it costs forty nine ninety - five a year for non-subscribers at home to read Times columnists .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "forty nine ninety - five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [138, 162]}, {"entity": "Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's got to be disappointing for you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know um I 'm torn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uh and I 've said this to my bosses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um I want my paper to thrive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and if we have a situation where young people grow up in the world that thinks that newspapers are things you read for free online who 's going to pay my travel expenses /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And at the same time one of the greatest things about New York Times online is I got to reach an audience that just was exponential to what you got in the dead tree edition of the New York Times .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And because I write about international affairs so I got a lot of young people in India and Egypt and whatnot .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and for them fifty dollars that may be their tuition for half a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "fifty dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "half a year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I 'm honestly torn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I really hope this works because I want the New York Times to have a platform that is sustainable .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But at the same time I hope we can eventually find a way to re-engage those people because definitely we 've lost some of them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eh in the Valerie Plame leak investigation there 's an allegation bouncing around the blogosphere that I just thought I would address with you which is have New York Times columnists somehow been told not to write about this because of Judy Miller 's involvement and being in jail , now being out of jail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valerie Plame", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Judy Miller 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [236, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "absolutely not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anybody tell you not to write about it /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean they do n't tell me not to write about anything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Howie we are home alone okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean I 'm going to China uh on Monday .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and there 's only one person knows I 'm going .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that 's my assistant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So um /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did you even tell the boss /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's right . so there 's no edict out there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "why people have n't written about it I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm focused on other things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a lot we do n't know obviously about the Judith Miller situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judith Miller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but why do you think that she has gotten so much criticism /?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After all whether you agree with her or not this is a woman who believed in her convictions and went off to jail for eighty - five days .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighty - five days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um you know um Judy 's always been a pioneer and an agent of change you know um and uh has been at the forefront of a lot of stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and people like that in our business um uh engender a lot of attention a lot of criticism and a lot of jealousy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Um and uh that 's the only way I can really explain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tom Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Friedman .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up next did the media get carried away with last week 's subway terror alert /?", "entity": [{"entity": "last week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll ride the rails into the spin cycle next .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When New York mayor Mike Bloomberg announced last week that there was a possible terror threat against the city 's subways I thought here we go again .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "Mike Bloomberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And television was all over the story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here in New York tonight officials say they are increasing security on the city 's massive subway system because of what they call a significant and credible threat .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The threat to attack the subways in coming days comes from overseas .", "entity": [{"entity": "coming days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the police here will be searching bags briefcases even baby strollers to try to stop it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was let 's face it irresistable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And since it was right there in the Big Apple cable anchors and correspondents could provide almost non-stop on the scene coverage .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Big Apple", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The threat concerns the New York City subway system behind me around me literally beneath our feet here in Times Square .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Times Square", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fox News alert New York City subways are on a heightened state of alert this evening after what officials are describing as a specific threat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "this evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the city 's tabloids were n't far behind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem as with so many previous terror alerts is that allegations from informants are inherently shaky .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And some correspondents offered caveats of course .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MSNBC anchor Keith Olbermann could n't help but notice on that day October six it was news that Karl Rove had been called back to testify in the CIA leak case and the white house is being assailed by conservatives over the Harriet Miers nomination .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSNBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Keith Olbermann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "that day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "October six", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Karl Rove", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "the white house", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "Harriet Miers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "events that have been politically disadvantageous to the current administration have been uh occuring simultaneously or followed quickly upon with something related to terrorism on a big scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the next morning the New York Times and the Washington Post were reporting that federal authorities were playing down the threat as noncredible .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "the Washington Post", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the TV coverage kept rolling down the track like the number four express .", "entity": [{"entity": "number four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally last Tuesday some newspapers and then the cable networks reported that the whole thing was a hoax .", "entity": [{"entity": "last Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CBS evening news gave that three sentences .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well Jim Stewart of our Washington bureau quotes government sources tonight as saying the Iraqi man who gave that tip to US intelligence agents in Iraq now says the information was simply not true .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But that 's a lot more than NBC Nightly News and ABC 's World News Tonight which did n't mention the great subway hoax at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC Nightly News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "ABC 's World News Tonight", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an age of terror such threats obviously need to be reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but given the unreliability of intelligence television ought to learn a lesson here about not going on high alert and scaring people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When we come back one network up the river without an explanation .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reporters are tired of the usual standups you know Howard Kurtz Oshkosh Wisconsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Howard Kurtz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Oshkosh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They want to be riding on a train or walking in the rain or something to get attention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So when NBC 's Michelle Kosinski was covering some flooding in New Jersey for the Today Show Friday she set out in a canoe .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Michelle Kosinski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "the Today Show", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And everything was going smoothly until /-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well take a look .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well obviously we 're getting a nice break from the rain but not the flooding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is essentially now a part of the Passaic River in this neighborhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Passaic River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two guys walk into the shot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we see that the water is only maybe four inches deep .", "entity": [{"entity": "only maybe four inches", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Talk about shallow reporting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And as the Media Research Center pointed out this was right before the Today Show accused President Bush of staging his conversation with soldiers in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Media Research Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 32]}, {"entity": "the Today Show", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well that 's it for this edition of Reliable Sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reliable Sources", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Join us again next Sunday at our new time ten o'clock eastern seven pacific for a full hour of critiquing the media .", "entity": [{"entity": "next Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "ten o'clock eastern", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "seven pacific", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "a full hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer begins right now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Late Edition the last word in Sunday talk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Late Edition", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the indications we are getting even .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I work in that same beauty salon ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm chained to the old masquerade", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipstick , the shadow , the silicone :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I follow my father 's trade -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leonard Cohen", "entity": [{"entity": "Leonard Cohen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Jackson may be another example of a celebrity distraction which , upon examination , reveals more about our society 's mortal condition than a tabloid could imagine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost certainly more than it would dare to describe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yesterday , Jackson was ordered to close Neverland for having failed to pay the ranch 's 47 employees their salary or insurance since the end of 2005 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Neverland", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "47", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "the end of 2005", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [134, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunate for the unpaid staff and the abandoned llamas but no surprise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's moved on since his aquittal , like Gary Glitter did after his 1999 conviction , having departed last June for a Bahrain `` vacation '' from which he 's yet to emerge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gary Glitter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "last June", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( '' For the people working at Bahrain 's malls , the person covered head to toe in a black veil , gloves and glasses appeared to be a rich , doting Saudi mother ....", "entity": [{"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Saudi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [149, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But why would a woman wear a man 's shoes ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why the bodyguards ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And why did the person 's fluid movements seem so familiar ? '' )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last week 's real Jackson story ran in the New York Daily News , under the snappy banner `` Creepy dad was root of all clan 's woe , singer sez . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Last week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "the New York Daily News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The singer was brother Jermaine , and the claims based on the projected outline for his abandoned `` tell - all '' family story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jermaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reading that Joseph was a nightmare of a father and sexually abusive towards his daughters is not exactly a `` stop the presses '' moment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What 's new is this :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jermaine even suggested his father may have set up Michael to be somehow victimized by older men .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jermaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He tells how his father would have Michael join in at late - night hotel room meetings with `` important business people , '' and wondered whether `` something happened '' to Michael at those sessions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said he sensed something was wrong because Michael would be sick for days after .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` What was Joseph doing ? '' Jermaine wrote .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Jermaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This lifts the Jackson family horror show to a whole new order of dysfunction , one that sees parents network with power and trade their children for privilege .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This should be a motif familiar to anyone acquainted with the literature of mind control and ritual abuse survivors : the father and first controller , passing his child - victim up the social ladder of abuse in return for status , protection and reward .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All that 's missing is the element of occult terror .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or maybe not : `` LaToya also described being awakened in the night by Joseph wearing a ' monster mask . ' ''", "entity": [{"entity": "LaToya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Joseph", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps we can take more from this than the suspicion that the Jackson clan had gotten with the program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps rather the point is that the program exploits pre-existing conditions for abuse which are more common than most suspect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( This is how I tend to think of Ponchatoula 's Hosanna Church . )", "entity": [{"entity": "Ponchatoula", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Hosanna Church", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet we should n't discount the suspicion , either , particularly given some of Michael 's paranormal interests and peculiar associations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His close friendship with SPECTRA contactee and channeller of the Nine , Uri Geller , for one instance .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPECTRA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Uri Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Jackson was Geller 's best man in 2001 when he and his wife renewed his vows , the same year Geller is said to have been reactivated as a psychic spy . )", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 9]}, {"entity": "Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "2001", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "the same year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His entourage including a `` personal magician '' for another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even if you wanted to , you wo n't be reading Jermaine 's account now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jermaine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like every Jackson sibling who 's tried to break from Joe , he 's climbed down , returned to the fold and scrapped the book , apparently on the strength of Michael 's threats to sue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Joe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , Michael 's given cause for family observers to attribute his grotesque body dysmorphia to a dread of resembling his father .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet there they were at Jackson 's trial last year , hand in hand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the big picture Michael Jackson means not very much .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But his little picture may be more newsworthy than the news suggests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "good stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "having departed last June for a Bahrain `` vacation '' from which he 's yet to emerge .", "entity": [{"entity": "last June", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Bahrain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , there have been reports for the past two days of Jackson back in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past two days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "#NAME ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild wild stuff Jeff !", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disinformation Distraction Dis and Dat ..", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The netwerk is as sacred to the state as their mantra `` My way or total annihilation . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bait and switch sets the agenda .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no such thing as an accident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's Saturday morning , and the papers say a moon of Saturn is spewing life - giving water .... then I see the new R.I. post is about the perrenial child Michael Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This day is named for Saturn ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" ... it was foretold that one day a mighty son of Saturn would in turn overthrow him ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Saturn devoured all of his children when they were born to prevent this ... ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently Saturn is also intimately connected with Satan , Masonics , and Revelation 13 - you know , the `` number of the beast '' ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Satan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Masonics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Revelation 13", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevermind -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I need a cup of coffee ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I looked in vain for the Cheney `` A hunting we will go '' to post this out and paste but ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And on the subject of cowardice , consider this . In a recent hunting escapade , Dick Cheney accidentally shot one of his hunting comrades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There may have been negligence involved , but that is up to the local district attorney to decide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But more importantly , I think , is the nature of the hunt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were not wild birds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The birds were bred in captivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had spent their lives in pens , and then on hunting day , were released for the sole purpose of being killed by Dick Cheney and cohorts for pure sport as they flew into the open sky for their only moments of brief freedom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether you are an animal lover or not , there is something disgusting and degrading about this kind of hunt and something less than human about those who participate in it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The link `` personal majician '' is intrigueing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Madsen via Boucher :", "entity": [{"entity": "Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson 's stay at the Cedars was arranged through David Kuo , George W. Bush 's White House director of the Office of Faith - based Initiatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "David Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "the Office of Faith - based Initiatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuo , a former CIA employee ... had been Executive Director of the Center for Effective Compassion , founded in 1995 by Arianna Huffington ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "the Center for Effective Compassion", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 98]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Arianna Huffington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuo also previously worked for the Christian Coalition and Senator John Ashcroft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "the Christian Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "John Ashcroft", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's also some curious Neverland / Disneyland connections to the `` Mickey Mouse Club '' children who are now stars , including Justin Timberlake ( remember the star on Janet Jackson 's breast ? ) and Brittany Spears , Christina Aguilera ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Neverland", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Disneyland", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Mickey Mouse Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Justin Timberlake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "Janet Jackson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 189]}, {"entity": "Brittany Spears", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 220]}, {"entity": "Christina Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [223, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The piper walks into the mountain , still followed by the children , and the cave closes again ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here is Boucher 's follow up to the `` majician '' link of Jeff 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on the mark as always , jeff ,", "entity": [{"entity": "jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but i thought you might cover chile 's inauguration of its first woman president today instead ...", "entity": [{"entity": "chile", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "maybe later as the story develops ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeff Boucher 's piece mentions how victims of sexual abuse often have childlike voices , almost as if their development was ' frozen ' around the time of their abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson seems to be of this type .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or more perversely , fakes that he is :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I was always saying [ to Jackson ] people would n't think I was so crazy if they saw who the hell you really are , that you sit around , and you drink and you curse and you 're [ expletive ] funny and you have a bad mouth , and you do n't have that high voice all the time '' -", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lisa Marie Presley , in an interview quoted in a WaPo article written by Tina Brown :", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisa Marie Presley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "WaPo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Tina Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michael Jackson 's False Front ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` David Geffen , be gone !", "entity": [{"entity": "David Geffen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steven Spielberg , be gone ! ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Steven Spielberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The witch doctor cursing Michael Jackson 's enemies and blessing the tarnished King of Pop himself in a voodoo ritual in Switzerland in the summer of 2000 had promised that the 25 people on Jackson 's enemies list ( would soon be dead ) ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "King of Pop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "the summer of 2000", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 154]}, {"entity": "25", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [177, 179]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson had ordered his then business adviser , Myung - Ho Lee , a U.S. - educated Korean lawyer based in Seoul , to wire $ 150,000 to a bank in Mali for a voodoo chief named Baba , who then had 42 cows ritually sacrificed for the ceremony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Myung - Ho Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "150,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Mali", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "Baba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 179]}, {"entity": "42", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [195, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson had already undergone a blood bath ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pop star , who is said to be $ 240 million in debt , had paid six figures for a ritual cleansing using sheep blood to another voodoo doctor and a mysterious Egyptian woman named Samia , who came to him with a letter of greeting from a high - ranking Saudi prince , purportedly Nawaf Bin Abdulaziz Al - Saud , now the chief of intelligence of Saudi Arabia ...", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 240 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Egyptian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "Samia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "Saudi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [254, 259]}, {"entity": "Nawaf Bin Abdulaziz Al - Saud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [281, 310]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [346, 358]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.vanityfair.com/commentary/content/articles/050411roco03c hmm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to that Vanity Fair article , Jacko and Uri Geller met through `` that other fellow devotee of children 's charities Mohamed Fayed , the chairman of Harrods in London , who believes that the C.I.A. and Prince Philip had Princess Diana and his son , Dodi , killed . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Vanity Fair", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Jacko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Uri Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Mohamed Fayed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Harrods", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "C.I.A.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "Prince Philip", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 225]}, {"entity": "Princess Diana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [230, 244]}, {"entity": "Dodi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [259, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anonymous quoted , `` Jackson 's stay at the Cedars was arranged through David Kuo ... ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "David Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hold on --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the Cedars is the headquarters of the Fellowship Foundation , the creepy Christianoid cult with deep political connections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "the Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 59]}, {"entity": "Christianoid", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's a bit of the original Madsen article that the Michael Jackson quote comes from :", "entity": [{"entity": "Madsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1976 , the Fellowship began looking for a permanent headquarters in Arlington .", "entity": [{"entity": "1976", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Arlington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It set its sights on the estate of George Mason IV , The Cedars , located at 2301 North Uhle Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Mason IV", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "2301 North Uhle Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mason was one of the drafters of the Bill of Rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the Bill of Rights", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fellowship , also known as the International Foundation , bought the property from Charles Piluso .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "the International Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 59]}, {"entity": "Charles Piluso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not much is known about Piluso , the Los Angeles Times reported that Howard Hughes , the man with whom Fellowship Senator Ralph Owen Brewster once sparred , also lived there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piluso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "the Los Angeles Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "Howard Hughes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "Ralph Owen Brewster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to a senior Pentagon official , the Cedars had been used as a CIA safe house prior to the Fellowship 's purchase of the estate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fellowship paid $ 1.5 million for the Cedars , the money coming from Tom Phillips , the CEO of Raytheon , and Ken Olsen , the CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "$ 1.5 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Tom Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "Raytheon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "Ken Olsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "Digital Equipment Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sanford McDonnell of McDonnell Douglas Corporation was another deep - pocketed supporter of the Fellowship through Full Gospel Business Men 's Fellowship International , an activity linked to Fellowship core member Pat Robertson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanford McDonnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "McDonnell Douglas Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 50]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Full Gospel Business Men 's Fellowship International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 167]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 202]}, {"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suffer the little children , eh ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this is what power & wealth does to you , I 'm damn glad I have neither .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You said , `` Perhaps rather the point is that the program exploits pre-existing conditions for abuse which are more common than most suspect . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Could n't agree more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that pedophilia 's relative commonality is what really makes it frightening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My experience happened when I was 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "15", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A friend of mine met this guy who was twice our age & who was more than willing to buy us all the whiskey we could drink .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were both enamored with Kerouac & Jim Morrison & meeting strange characters & this guy definitely fit the bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kerouac", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Jim Morrison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was muscle for a Pittsburgh madam named Tex Gill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pittsburgh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Tex Gill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She dressed like a man & ran most of the massage parlors in Pgh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pgh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was into black magick & Crowley & booze & drugs & on & on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crowley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , one night , we 're at his apartment , drunk out of our minds ,", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [5, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "& my buddy passes out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I continue drinking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point , I glance at this older guy ,", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "& he is staring at my buddy as a line of drool runs down the cigarette in his mouth & drips on to the floor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think , ' What the fuck ? '", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I 'm pretty goddamn wasted", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "& reality is having a helluva time penetrating the fog in my head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He notices that I 'm kind of staring at him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He stands up , walks into the bedroom , & comes back with a porno mag .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He drops it on the couch next to me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As he 's sitting down , he says , `` See anything you like ? ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "& then he shoves his hand hard into my groin .....", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ".... & I broke his nose with my elbow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Make no mistake though , up till that point , the guy scared the shit out of me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , lucky for me , my reaction was see red anger instead of cowering fear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After i hit him , I jumped up , ran into his kitchen & grabbed a big old butcher knife , ran back into the room & proceeded to kick my buddy into consciousness & drag his comatose ass the hell out of there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , for me , the interesting part happened years later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , my buddy & I were selling things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My buddy had a real good supplier for these things but it was his secret .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one point , my buddy could n't pick up the shipment so I had to go .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before I left , he had to explain to me that his supplier was none other than Freddie Feelup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I decided to go .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was now closer to 40 & just a hollow shell of his former self .", "entity": [{"entity": "40", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friendless , his only company being neighborhood teens looking to party .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He kept one room empty except for 4 black candles in each of its corners .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he would read curses aimed at people who pissed him off .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Really pathetic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About a year later , a few of those teens took an intense dislike to Freddie & the beat him to to death .", "entity": [{"entity": "About a year later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Freddie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ca n't imagine why .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I apologize for continuing my ramble but ... ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "... I do n't know how you folks would classify pedophilia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe a 30 year old man & a 15 year old boy does n't qualify .", "entity": [{"entity": "30 year old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "15 year old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wonder about that myself , but I have to say that when I was 30 , I was n't plying 15 year old girls with booze & copping feels .", "entity": [{"entity": "30", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "15", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll shut up now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking of Pat Robertson -", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I remembered something about him being linked with Victor Bout and the UAE two - step currently going on :", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Bout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "UAE", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bout was Liberian dictator Charles Taylor 's primary arms and diamond smuggler ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Liberian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "Charles Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taylor , who is now in exile in Nigeria , was a business partner with Christian Coalition founder Pat Robertson ... in a Cayman Islands front company called Freedom Gold , Ltd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Christian Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Cayman Islands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Freedom Gold , Ltd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , Freedom Gold was headquartered at Robertson 's CBN offices in Virginia Beach , Virginia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freedom Gold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "CBN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Virginia Beach", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robertson 's African interests also crossed paths with Bout 's in another country -- the former Zaire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Bout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "the former Zaire", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robertson 's African Development Company used the cover of Robertson 's tax - exempt `` Operation Blessing '' to ferry conflict diamonds out of civil war - ravaged Zaire ( now Congo ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "African Development Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 40]}, {"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "Congo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of Bout 's many assets is New Millennium Air Company of Gambia .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Bout", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "New Millennium Air Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 56]}, {"entity": "Gambia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Director of this firm is `` Baba Jobe '' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baba Jobe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( hmmm -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Baba '' ... )", "entity": [{"entity": "Baba", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.analystnewspaper.com/ameu_scam_feb21.html", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.waynemadsenreport.com/", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/wanted/2005/1212ties.htm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My question is , when is a victim guilty of abuse ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jackson is definitely a mind - control , SRA victim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's programmed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neverland sounds like a cryptic command from MKULTRA Wizard of Oz programming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neverland", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bizarre from black - to - white and physical transformation must be the result of biotech advances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If he does abuse ' his ' children , is he ' guilty ' as such if he is programmed ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I suspect he is a brilliant cover or red - herring used as a shield by very powerful forces , responsible for God - knows - what at his now - abandoned ranch .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's very effective , as many ' feel ' that whilst MJ is naive he 's not capable of the evil associated with pedophile activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may not be the case , as the public ' persona ' is merely an ' alter ' personality and he may have many other ' personalities ' which are dark .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then comes the question whether his programmers were programmed themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If so , then they are all guilty of such abuse , whilst being innocent at the same time !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As most abuse is generational , the whole mind - control subject really has to be brought out in the open .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The very technology and tools used on the mind which harm can then be used to heal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brr , Pied Piper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I remember being spooked by that story as a kid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heck of a story to tell children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Talking about strange coincidences ... I was trying to write a science fiction story a while back involving Star Gate type research .", "entity": [{"entity": "Star Gate", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was looking for a cool name for an undercover X-Files type military - occult agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "X-Files", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thought of ' SPECTRE ' but that seemed too James Bondish , and modified it to ' SPECTRA ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thinking rainbow - type symbology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then I find out that ' SPECTRA ' is actually a name with significance in the community .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPECTRA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What the ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "... of course , I did read a lot of weird stuff in passing as a kid ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's certainly possible that I came across it and forgot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was n't consciously aware of it , certainly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's the most disappointingly *cheesy* 1960s sci - fi kind of name for an astral entity to use , that 's for sure .", "entity": [{"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I never did write that story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is n't Michael Jackson , and the entire Jackson clan , Jehovah 's Witness ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Jehovah 's Witness", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no mention made of this in either the main post or comments ....", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would seem to me that their must be some relationship between that cult organization and all the `` high weirdness '' going on ....", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "no ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ".... and it is a cult .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FBI finally releases report on missing children .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agency unveils surprising statistics : about one - third of lost kids are black", "entity": [{"entity": "about one - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- AP", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1985 nearly 13 million children missing ( those reported ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "13 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An average of 615,874 per year since 1985 . 791,687 in 1995 alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "615,874", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "791,687", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an extraordinary group here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I appreciate your candor and your capacity to build a knowledge base with each contributor adding to the thread that moves me in a sonambulant noiseless rush toward the truth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are living the dieing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that is just as productive and rewarding as any other dimension of spirit that I have experienced", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If there is just one thing that disappoints me it is that all of the posters here prefer to be anonymous .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be wise for you to `` be '' yourself .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I tried to find emails for any that list a profile or website ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but none `` NONE '' of you are out there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contact me at my profile email should you care to disclose yourself .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would like to invite you to participate in FSHOD if that is not too much to ask .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "maybe we remain anonymous in preparation for the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm surprised I have n't heard this mentioned anywhere before , as it ties in perfectly with Jeff 's Bizarro Jacko Tabloid post :", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "Bizarro Jacko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview with Blender ( ca n't remember what issue , but Janet 's on the cover ) , Janet talks at length about having mulitiple personalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blender", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Janet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Janet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ca n't remember all the details , but there 's Janet , the normal pop star , and among others ( and perhaps the most notable in this context ) one she calls `` Strawberry , '' who is geared towards explicit sexual activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As I understand , this is a classic alters description .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Real MAN Would At Least Let A Former Board Member Be Able TO READ The Reason He Had Been Banned , But , I FORGOT I Was Dealing With A Coward !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "antiaristo will be disappointed , or HAS HE ALREADY BEEN BANNED , TOO ???", "entity": [{"entity": "antiaristo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A COWARD DIES A THOUSAND DEATHS . A HERO DIES BUT ONCE !!!!!!!!", "entity": [{"entity": "THOUSAND", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saint Alexander the Foolish , circa Third Millennium , a.D . Janet Jackson ;", "entity": [{"entity": "Saint Alexander the Foolish", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Third Millennium", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Janet Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Strawberry Bounce '' lyrics :", "entity": [{"entity": "Strawberry Bounce", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [3, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bump the beat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just watch the way I pump it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The way I work it 's gon na keep you cumin'", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do a dance that 's so sensual", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'ma make you Lose Control", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't trip", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know you wan na watch this", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm a pro you wo n't be disappointed", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gon na leave you beggin' for more", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glad someone finally mentioned Janet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think the practice of black magic is something she and her brother have in common .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One mus n't forget her now infamous superbowl `` nipple '' stunt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather than the ridiculous accident censors tried to make it out to be , I think it has to be recognized as a planned , purposeful piece of black magic , perpetraited literally in front of the world , on a very alchemically significant day and time", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( goes way beyond a ' publicity stunt , does n't it ? ' )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A friend even suggests that during her much earlier ' Rythm Nation ' period , in which she dons a black uniform and uses strange , synchopated hand movements in her video dance routine , that that too , is a kind of twilight language , intended on sending a specific message , in order to have a desired effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's possible that jacksons have been using the occult arts for a long , long time .", "entity": [{"entity": "jacksons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'd love to hear someone else 's thoughts on this -", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's a link to just a wee bit more about Jackson and her alleged MPD -", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://dave.typepad.com/dave/2004/06/janet_jacksons_.html", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I posted above that The Cedars , where Michael Jackson was mentioned as having stayed for a time , was the center of the Fellowship Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cedars", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "the Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I just ran across the Fellowship Foundation again , when looking for something to explain the anomalous situation of recently - disgraced Republican shoplifter Claude A. Allen .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 43]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "Claude A. Allen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quote below is from the LaRouchies -- and thus , as always , not to be considered 100 % reliable --", "entity": [{"entity": "LaRouchies", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "100 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but in this case it fits in so well with the ongoing discussion that I 'm tentatively inclined to trust it :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DeLay 's career and power became at the same time a central project for all three of the shadow partners , Grover Norquist , Jack Abramoff and Ralph Reed .", "entity": [{"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "Grover Norquist", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "Jack Abramoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "Ralph Reed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DeLay was by no means a random point of interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tom DeLay staggered into Washington as a freshman Congressman in 1984 , a terrible drunk , his life dissolving .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rep. Frank Wolf ( R - Va. ) approached him with a road to salvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Wolf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 19]}, {"entity": "Va.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reportedly showed DeLay a videotape that made him weep .", "entity": [{"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tom DeLay then radically changed his life , turning his soul over to higher powers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But by all reliable accounts , DeLay became a much nastier , a fearsomely un-Christian individual .", "entity": [{"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "un-Christian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Wolf represented an old `` black operations '' soul - robbing agency known as the Fellowship Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Wolf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "the Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Practicing secrecy on about the same level as the National Security Agency , the Fellowship does conduct one public function --", "entity": [{"entity": "the National Security Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 74]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it runs the huge annual Congressional / Presidential Prayer Breakfast in Washington , with similar events managed inside the Pentagon and at other government and military sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fellowship Foundation ( earlier called International Christian Leadership and a succession of cover names ) was created before World War II by the organization of the pro-Nazi Frank Buchman .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Fellowship Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "International Christian Leadership", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 77]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "pro-Nazi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "Frank Buchman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sen. H. Alexander Smith ( R - N.J. ) , Buchman 's lieutenant who in 1940 had called for a joint world dictatorship of the United States , Britain , and Nazi Germany , brought the Fellowship into acceptance in Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "H. Alexander Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 23]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "N.J.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Buchman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [118, 135]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "Nazi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [209, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1950s , the group was sponsored by former Nazi SS officer , Holland 's Prince Bernhard , and the Dutch royal family .", "entity": [{"entity": "1950s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Nazi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Prince Bernhard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fellowship runs a house near the U.S. Capitol , where Congressmen and Senators , who are members , live .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "the U.S. Capitol", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Sen. Sam Brownback ( R - Kans. ) , the delirious End - Timer , has lived in the cult 's house in Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sam Brownback", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 36]}, {"entity": "Kans.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raytheon CEO Tom Phillips and other figures in the military - industrial complex , pay the bills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raytheon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Tom Phillips", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fellowship specializes in taking over the lives of potentially powerful individuals who have become somehow ruined , and promising them dominion in the world if they will play along .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Watergate dirty - trickster Charles Colson , when he was on his way to prison and suddenly powerless , was recruited , and turned his life over to the Fellowship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watergate", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Charles Colson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colson 's Prison Fellowship Ministries is a subordinate unit of the cult , with its tentacles in most prisons in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Prison Fellowship Ministries", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 38]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Tom DeLay was zapped , Charles Colson became DeLay 's personal guru .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "Charles Colson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colson 's militancy for the End - Times war on Muslims has made him a congenial companion to Jack Abramoff in their keeping of DeLay -- Abramoff has repeatedly led Tom to Israel to call for all - out war against the Arabs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Muslims", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Jack Abramoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "DeLay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Abramoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "Tom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [171, 177]}, {"entity": "Arabs", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Christian Coalition co-founder Pat Robertson was himself a product of the Fellowship magic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robertson was the good - for - nothing playboy son of Sen. A. Willis Robertson ( R - Va. ) , the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "A. Willis Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [81, 82]}, {"entity": "Va.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "the Senate Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pat began speaking in tongues and uttering prophecies under the guidance of Harald Bredesen , a master training agent of the Fellowship group , who had proved himself to the highest circles of British intelligence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Harald Bredesen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pat Robertson started off as assistant pastor to Bredesen , whose intelligence partners , the Full Gospel Businessmen 's Fellowship , raised the money to expand Robertson 's and Bredesen 's Virginia - based Christian Broadcasting Network ( CBN ) toward global power status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pat Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Bredesen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "the Full Gospel Businessmen 's Fellowship", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 131]}, {"entity": "Robertson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Bredesen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "Christian Broadcasting Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 237]}, {"entity": "CBN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sentence I put in boldface is *extremely* interesting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was n't there a Michael Jackson video where he was envisioning himself as ruler of the world or some such ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "to anonymous 9:30 re cults :", "entity": [{"entity": "anonymous 9:30", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The reason fear can arise so strongly is that you already have a very strong experience of being brainwashed and used in cultish behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cult is called society and its ' cult - ure ' gives rise to suffering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you look closely , everything that is associated with cult behavior can lisewise be found in society 's behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same means of control are used : the constant reinforcement that you are helpless without society , that you can not survive without obeying its rules and that you will go to hell if you do n't obey the tenets of its religion . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Gangaji", "entity": [{"entity": "Gangaji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this site monitors Janet Jackson weight !", "entity": [{"entity": "Janet Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.egotastic.com/entertainment/celebrities/janet-jackson/janet-jackson-is-too-fat-to-sing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anonymous One , I recall reading somewhere that Lisa Marie was a member of L.Ron 's cult .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anonymous One", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Lisa Marie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "L.Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You will notice that Michael 's real troubles started after he suied Sony chief Tommy Mattola , who was heard to say `` he 'll live to regret the day '' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Tommy Mattola", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't ever think of fucken with the evil bastards in the Music biz , later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's a description of that Michael Jackson item I was remembering :", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the time the release of 1995 's HIStory album -- a double album of greatest hits and new tracks -- approached , Michael had fully realized a new perception of himself , one that was truly larger than life .", "entity": [{"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "HIStory", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIStory was hyped with a four - minute teaser video .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIStory", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This extravagant production begins with a colossal army goose - stepping through a European city in crisp , tan uniforms , waving red flags and sporting red - and - black insignias .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Military music pounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crowds swell at the sidelines , screaming and crying .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implication seems to be these men represent Nazis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nazis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then , their leader is revealed to be Michael , marching right up front .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When peasant workers break free to touch Michael , they are immediately swallowed by soldiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suddenly , it is night , and a tarp - covered , skyscraper - sized structure looms over the poor nation as choppers spray spotlights across it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brainwashed fans scream , salute with one arm and light candles with religious zeal .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signs proclaiming `` King of Pop , '' a title Michael disavowed to Oprah only two years earlier , are everywhere , emphasizing the word `` King . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "King of Pop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Oprah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "two years earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the tarp drops , and it is , of course , a gargantuan , bronze statue of Michael , fists clenched defiantly , his star insignia prominent , yet his face still somehow child - like and unthreatening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The video is a highly disturbing piece of work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His bloated sense of importance is not only chilling , it is threatening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suddenly , Michael 's perfect world of Oz / Neverland is forced to be compared with an Aryan Nation , one that substitutes children for Hitler 's master race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Oz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Neverland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "an Aryan Nation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Hitler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large image of the Michael Jackson HIStory statue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "HIStory", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is some sort of an emblem with a star on his shoulder , but it 's at an angle and not easy to make out clearly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "'' ... a haughty spirit goeth before a fall . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BTW - and off topic :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Check out this superb psyop image .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeff , I do n't think even you could do better than this :", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11800917/", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remember who Janet shared the stage with at the Superbowl ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Janet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Superbowl", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , you remember correctly : former Mousketeer Justin Timberlake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Justin Timberlake", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hmmm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plot thickens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JW's and child abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "JW's", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/live_forums/2124808.stm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BTW Jeff - I 'd caught the Geller / Jackson connection a while back and posted on the discussion board .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fascinating how this all seems to be inter-related .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hmmm ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in March 2003 Jackson distraction - o - mania was part of the media smokescreen that led up the Iraq war ...", "entity": [{"entity": "March 2003", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "the Iraq war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and now Fox news and other rabid - right media outlets have once again taken to whipping on Jackson ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox news", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( like any sane people really care about what the hell MJ is doing any more . )", "entity": [{"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A signs of another impending misadventure in the mideast ?", "entity": [{"entity": "mideast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what 's with Uri Geller 's links to MJ ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Uri Geller 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyone else smell a whiff of that whole Prophet Yahweh sideshow from awhile back ? trivial , but here 's stargods ' comprehensive analysis of jacko :", "entity": [{"entity": "Prophet Yahweh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "stargods", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "jacko", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "regarding the JW reference .", "entity": [{"entity": "JW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think we need see a plot in every wood pile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The JW considers itself THE kingdom of God on earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "JW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ' Kindom Hall ' )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it is only to be expected that they do not see a reason to run to and report everything to the government .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same goes for the Roman Catholic Church .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Roman Catholic Church", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the RCC has had a widespread problem with this regard , doubltlessly because their policy / doctrine of a celibate priesthood simply attracts these deviants .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I doubt any such problem exist on the same proportionate scale in the JW heirarchy .", "entity": [{"entity": "JW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides that , ca n't you see the embedded mind control in that article , as well as all general media output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Message Is : `` Big Brother must be informed !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Big Brother can manage society ! ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See , it 's the Hegelian dialectic at work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eveyone needs to sharpen their awareness of this shit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As long as Big Brother is the answer for everything , Big Brother will BE everything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( If people do n't want their kids pederastized , but yet they entrust them to ' guys in gowns ' I just wonder what the hell are they thinking anyway ? )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'd watch the Peter Pan speculations , unless you know what versions you are discussing and can differentiate between them accurately .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Pan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the assumptions I 've seen ( such as a couple made by Tim Boucher and Fantastic Planet in last year 's postings linked here ) may have looked like they worked to support their thesis , but in actuality have either a tenuous or no connection to the core Peter Pan mythos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim Boucher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "Fantastic Planet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Peter Pan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't make up things like Peter abducting children that you ca n't substantiate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter Pan was a work in progress for JM Barrie , who kept tinkering with it over the years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Pan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "JM Barrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand what it actually means to Michael Jackson and what you might speculate he is enacting , you have to know where on the continuum of Peter Pans his internalized Peter ( no , not THAT kind of peter ) lies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Peter Pans", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel , play ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Musical , cartoon ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shadow of a shadow of a remembered story ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the oldest versions , Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens ( extracted from The Little White Bird ) , is only a week old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [32, 63]}, {"entity": "The Little White Bird", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "week old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He escaped from his home when he was seven days old because he remembered how he could fly when he was a bird before he was a human ,", "entity": [{"entity": "seven days old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that wildness is still in him , as it is with all children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barrie 's only cryptic instructions on character development to Nina Boucicault , the first actress to play Peter , was that she was to remember that Peter is a bird , and is one day old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Nina Boucicault", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "one day old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Kensington Gardens he watches out for children who have fallen un-noticed out of their perambulators .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kensington Gardens", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [3, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a bad fairy finds them , or they perish from the cold an dark overnight in the park , Peter digs them graves and makes them headstones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Peter and Wendy , the Lost Boys are the ones who fall out of their perambulators when their nurse is not looking .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter and Wendy", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [3, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they are not claimed in seven days , `` they are sent far away to the Neverland to defray expenses . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "seven days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Neverland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A far cry from the stealing of children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peter and the Lost Boys crave a mother to tell them stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's ironic that while their own lives are far more exotic than the fairy tales Wendy tells , it 's those fictions that they want , told by a mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wendy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barrie says quite explicitly in Peter and Wendy that it is Wendy who does the tempting to keep Peter with her , not the other way around .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Peter and Wendy", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Wendy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is she who asks if Michael and John could come too .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If those of you with the abduction theory would like to give specific quotes and information on where it is shown that Peter abducted the children , please do .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think you are making it up from a version that does n't exist in reality , or that ca n't be tied to Michael Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do n't gain better understanding of the inner workings of Michael Jackson by distorting the material on which we purportedly base our theories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jeff - I just have to say that I love the Rigorous Intuition Live365 channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 've been listening to it to the last couple of days and just bought Dylan 's ' Oh Mercy ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dylan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Oh Mercy", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How does the copyright thing work on a Live365 stream ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avalon , can you recommend a good work of commentary and analysis on JM Barrie 's works ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Avalon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "JM Barrie 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "- Sepka the Space Weasel", "entity": [{"entity": "- Sepka the Space Weasel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was Michael Jackson influenced by Bob Fosse 's `` Snake in the grass '' character from the 1974 movie The Little Prince ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Bob Fosse 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "1974", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "The Little Prince", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Has anyone else seen this scene ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Fosse 's snake looks and moves would be imitated ( and made more popular ) years later by the King of Pop , Michael Jackson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Fosse 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "years later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "the King of Pop", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "Michael Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "View the video here : http://youtube.com/watch?v=L8mJsgPj1iU", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About the JW thing , I work with a couple of them ( BTW , some of the most respectable people I know .", "entity": [{"entity": "JW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which is why I decided to ask ... ) ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I had a chance to ask them about MJ and the child abuse , if they knew anything .", "entity": [{"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About MJ they said , he is definately not a JW , despite what he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "JW", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Provocative lyrics and grabbing ones crotch in public , does n't fit with their defination of ' Christian ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They said all they knew was that his mother ( who apparently is still a member ) took him to their church as a kid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The father apparently had little or no involvement at all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for the child abuse , I have to agree with the post above , you can find abuse and ' sick ' individuals in ANY organization ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but you have too look at the proportion to the rest of society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of my friends is an ' elder ' ( soething like a ' local church leader ' ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but he also said their instructions say that if they hear of any abuse they are to follow local laws , which usually requires them to inform the police ASAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if the abuse is at all serious to report it to the police regardless .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though i do n't agree with all of their beliefs , I know these guys well enough to call them friends .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So in their respect , after reading some of the other comments , I decided to listen to their side before passing judgement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We should ALL be careful not to pass judgement on ENTIRE groups of people based on the apparent actions of a few .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is what Hitler tried to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hitler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With thiking like that , even if we got rid of the evil elite , a new set of ' evil elite ' would rise again in their place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That seems to be the nature of man , though .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have all got to do what we can without needlessly attacking the innocent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remember , group hatred only plays into their hands , be it racial , religious , or class .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sepka , the two reference books I have on Peter Pan are : Fifty Years of Peter Pan , Roger Lancelyn Green , pub. by Peter Davies , London , 1954 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sepka", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Peter Pan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Fifty Years of Peter Pan", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [58, 82]}, {"entity": "Roger Lancelyn Green", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Peter Davies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "1954", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's pretty scarce at this point , though you might be able to find a copy to read through inter-library loan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Peter Pan Chronicles , Bruce K. Hanson , Birch Lane Press , NY , 1993", "entity": [{"entity": "The Peter Pan Chronicles", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Bruce K. Hanson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Birch Lane Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "NY", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have n't really delved into Barrie 's psyche from the biographical end , it 's Peter and Wendy as an extraordinary piece of writing that has always fascinated me .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barrie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Peter and Wendy", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "... and if you listen to `` My Way '' by sinatra , backwards , the real answer will be revealed .", "entity": [{"entity": "My Way", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "sinatra", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://stargods.org/MasonicMichaelJackson.htm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uri Geller was one of MJ 's handlers apparently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uri Geller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "MJ", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guo Kai 's Economic Notes : Beijing 's Gas Price vs. US Gas Price", "entity": [{"entity": "Guo Kai 's Economic Notes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guo Kai 's Economic Notes", "entity": [{"entity": "Guo Kai 's Economic Notes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the US the current average price of regular unleaded gas is about 2.3 US dollars per gallon ( 3.78 liters ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "2.3 US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "( 3.78 liters )", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [95, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the official exchange rate of one US dollar for 7.9 RMB , this price is equivalent to 4.80 yuan / liter .", "entity": [{"entity": "one US dollar", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "7.9 RMB", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "4.80 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Note , this gas price includes all taxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current gas price in Beijing is 5.09 yuan / liter , 2 mao and 9 fen more than in the US .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "5.09 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "2 mao and 9 fen", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , the gas price difference between the two places is larger than 2 mao and 9 fen because China 's gas price does not include so many taxes as in the US ; for example , the highway maintenance fee in China is paid separately .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "2 mao and 9 fen", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [207, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just now , I only narrated a fact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I believe that different persons see different problems in this fact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me describe people 's two reactions that I can imagine , or the two problems I can see .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. The US gas price is too cheap .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an absolute sense , the US gas price has +already been cheaper than China 's , and in a relative sense , the US gas price is even cheaper .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the US , the money you pay for a meal at McDonald 's can fill up more than 10 liters of gas , but in Beijing you can get 5 - 6 liters of gas at most .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "McDonald", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "10 liters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "5 - 6 liters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US low gas price policy has undoubtedly led to this country 's excessive use of and overdependence on energy resources .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is more to this matter , the whole world has to share the various negative effects caused by the US excessive energy consumption : global warming , and wars caused by oil , etc.", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is totally a joke that the US gas price could be cheaper than China 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. China 's gas price is too expensive .", "entity": [{"entity": "2.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Americans and Chinese buy gas from the international market , and the technology and cost of oil refinement are not too much different .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But with the US gas price including taxes even lower than China 's gas price excluding taxes , you can see how much money Chinese oil companies have made out of this .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If there are no price controls and monopolies , China 's gas price should n't have been this high .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to say that I think these two opinions are both correct .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , on the issue of oil consumption , I think China and the US , the No. 1 and No. 2 oil consumers in the world , are also a funny pair .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [84, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a global perspective , the US gas price is obviously too low .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So Mankiw at Harvard even formed a \" Pigou Club , \" gathering social celebrities who support levying higher taxes on gas prices ( hereby raising gas prices ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mankiw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Harvard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's gas prices are more complicated .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , gas prices in China are probably not very high , but in order to reduce China 's future overdependence on gas , it may be better that China 's gas prices are higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , the direct result of the gas price increase in China will be the increase of monopoly profits of the monopoly companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This part of money will not become the government tax revenue , will not be used for public welfare , and on the contrary , will only make the benefits of those people working at the monopoly department even better .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , the gas price in China is too high in the distributive sense .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the price that transfers the entire social resources to a very small number of people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in terms of sustainability , China 's gas price may still be too low .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We need high gas prices to control the overdependence on energy imports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps someone will condemn me , saying further increase of gas prices will make life unbearable for people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you are a taxi driver , my reply is : the reason your life is unbearable is not the gas price , but because of our taxi licensing regulation system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you are a car owner , my reply is : ride the subway and bus more often .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It saves money , reduces congestion , and also lets you know car owners are not in a position to say \" life is unbearable . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with most people , your life is already quite good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "darling0823", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing McDonald 's in the US with McDonald 's in China may not be right .", "entity": [{"entity": "McDonald", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "McDonald", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eating a meal at McDonald 's in the US is more comparable to buying a 5 - yuan boxed meal in China .", "entity": [{"entity": "McDonald", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "5 - yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advice to Wu Jinglian and Others : Killing the Father -- Does You No Good ! .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu Jinglian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "613305", "entity": [{"entity": "613305", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posted by [ Little Peng Zhongyi ] at Jan 3 , 2007 18:53:26 [ SMS ] [ Tables ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peng Zhongyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "Jan 3 , 2007", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "18:53:26", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Some Thoughts on the Attitude of Benign Inheritance towards Social Reform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A glance at the title , people with a little political sensitivity may roughly understand the core topic of this article : the rule of benign interaction between planned economy and market economy , and between public ownership and private ownership -- because only their relationships are those between a father and a son , and it is only between them are there different conflicts involving \" human relations , \" \" rules \" and \" science , \" as well as bloody wrestling between classes , factions and individuals on the basis of morality and interests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing planned economy and public ownership to a father is tantamount to comparing market economy and private ownership to a son , which holds water principally and historically no matter you put it this way or another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because the former two given \" fatherhood \" are indeed the most essential factors of the national character and institution of the socialist new China , while the latter two dubbed \" son \" in this article -- are indeed the ideological outcomes derived after the death of China 's founder Comrade Mao Zedong under tremendous international and domestic political pressures on planned economy and public ownership , which grew into today 's para-system after about 30 years of reform and opening up .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "socialist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [279, 284]}, {"entity": "Mao Zedong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [304, 314]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [437, 442]}, {"entity": "30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [470, 478]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding this , the factual development process of political civilization that the Marxist ideology has been increasingly marginalized over the past 30 years or so is a strong evidence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marxist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "the past 30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By sorting out the essence of the above historical background and conceptual relationships , we will have a pretty thorough , comprehensive and systematic knowledge framework about the benign inevitable trends and development guidelines of the future society dependent on the rule of society , so that the associated impression captured may be more concrete .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding this , my standpoint is : because the socialism underpinned by planned economy , public ownership and the people 's democratic dictatorship is indeed a really \" fresh \" systemic thing for China in the mid and late 20th century -- without a model or sufficient experience or theories to refer to , no matter how scientific its kernel is , it is hard not to have certain superficial and local problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [198, 203]}, {"entity": "the mid and late 20th century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [207, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this should not provide an excuse to overthrow it by fair means or foul , as he is our father and the common choice of millions of laboring people .", "entity": [{"entity": "millions", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact that it \" finally became our national character and main system after over half a century of international and domestic political transformation \" is a stronger proof that it is the milestone for a new civilization resulted from the blood and sweat of thousands of proletarian revolutionary martyrs .", "entity": [{"entity": "half a century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [261, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , no matter from the perspective of average citizens or from the standpoint of the founder of the new government , we should respect and develop her on the basis of inheritance , innovation and improvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is my opinion above correct ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe you will naturally obtain a relatively fair and just conclusion if you could understand and treat the above - mentioned \" father \" system and \" son \" system with impartiality and sufficient goodwill .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , based on the existing institutional cultural heritage in the human history , we could see : the \" father \" system mentioned herein has the majority in mind or it is established in the fundamental and long - term interests of the majority , as well as the need for sustainable and sound development of the country , the nation , and the overall society -- while the \" son \" system mentioned herein is ignorant and sick in the company of such behavioral characteristics as exploitation , fraudulence , pernicious influence and robbery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , we can not urge the son to throttle the essentially healthy and scientific \" father \" system by fair mean or foul without considering the consequences , because there are problems in its practice and development -- such as state monopoly for purchases and sales , lower efficiency due to centralized management , and inhibition of the will of productivity by undue political pressure resulting from class struggles during the new deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is because that will not only make the society increasingly ignorant and sick as it violates the rule of benign social development , distorts normal \" human relations \" and the ethic and prevalent value and the rule of civilization update rooted in it , but the humanity will retrogress as people 's thoughts and behaviors become increasingly ridiculous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , this is the case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My opinion above is not absurd and delusive at all , because this is true not only in theory , but also to the rule of social development as demonstrated by historical facts , as well as from the perspective of the situation and reality of the country : None of the current \" advocates of market economy , private ownership and dictatorship of the bourgeoisie \" has established and proposed a new deal \" against planned economy , public ownership and dictatorship of the proletariat . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All their criticisms are directed at the developmental symptoms such as \" lower efficiency due to centralized management \" or \" inhibition of the will of productivity by undue political pressure resulting from class struggles during the new deal , \" all their proclamations are political attacks and instigation aimed to win over the less than 5 % \" vested interests , \" and their development logic asks the \" 95 % \" laboring people to stay where they are and willingly endure the hard work -- it speaks for itself how empty , ridiculous , sick , ignorant and anti-government it is .", "entity": [{"entity": "less than 5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [334, 347]}, {"entity": "\" 95 % \"", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [408, 416]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's why I want to say to the world and the age by the end of the article : when the father 's toes are injured , we should try our best to treat the foot problem , and open up a new life and embrace health in the principle of respecting human relations , obeying people 's wishes , conforming to science and carrying on the legacy -- if the present capitalist followers frantically urge the son to kill him by all means , the result could only be a tragedy !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And these happen to be the core of the destiny where the capitalist roaders \" will inevitably bury themselves due to their ignorance and insanity , and more or less harm the human society ! \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At last , I would like to admonish sincerely and earnestly those who blindly oppose , hate and even suppress planned economy , public ownership and dictatorship of the proletariat , especially the \" mainstream elite scholars \" including Wu Jinglian , who insist on smearing the \" father \" to the end : do not treat the \" fathers \" on which the new civilization is based barbarously , against your conscience and frantically for immediate gains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu Jinglian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [237, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result is definitely a tragedy -- because even if you kill the \" father , \" your felony will be disdained by the age and condemned by the people , which naturally leads to nothing good !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent economic and human studies analyst .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brother and companion of conscientious Chinese sons and daughters : Peng Zhongyi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Peng Zhongyi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "January 2 , 2007 .", "entity": [{"entity": "January 2 , 2007 .", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contact for friendship and blame", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QQ : 22761792", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MSN : p...@hotmail.com", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "email : youyutianshi...@sina.com", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eliminate the personal income tax ( Reproduced from Yueguang blog ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yueguang blog", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dift Wu", "entity": [{"entity": "Dift Wu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Official data confirm that in 2004 the total personal income tax for the country amounted to approximately 181 billion , of which 65 % came from the working class , and only 10 % came from the wealthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "approximately 181 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 118]}, {"entity": "65 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearly the personal income tax policy has too little effect on controlling wealth accumulation by the rich , and too little impact on improving the quality of life of wage earners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While this type of tax in China has no effect on regulating the income gap or on \" taking from the rich to help the poor , \" neither is it beneficial in expanding the working class .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this tax continues to be collected , it will be working against the original intention behind the income tax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearly the necessity for the personal income tax needs to be challenged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I propose eliminating the personal income tax just as the agricultural tax was eliminated , to give people an opportunity to prosper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we think in terms of humanizing the system , i.e. , helping the poor by letting poor people get rich , we should give low - and moderate - income people a chance to improve and raise the quality of their lives ; the threshold for China 's personal income tax should be at least tripled from the starting threshold of 800 yuan per month , i.e. , to 6400 yuan per person .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [233, 238]}, {"entity": "800 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [320, 328]}, {"entity": "6400 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [351, 360]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That would take it to a minimally humanized level , and then we could really talk about \" people first . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a threshold below this level , the poor will always be poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yesterday CCTV presented a program on adjustment of the personal income tax , emphasized that the main goal of the adjustment was to \" take from the rich \" and let poor people get wealthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCTV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we really want to give poor people a chance to get wealthy , the threshold for the personal income tax should be tripled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With anything under this threshold , the poor will have no chance to get rich .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if we 're looking at it in terms of \" taking from the rich , \" the problem to be adjusted is definitely not whether or not to tax income but rather the problem of the actual method for distributing China 's social national income , namely how to eliminate the \" unreported income . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [202, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The income of the vast majority of China 's rich people is unreported income , and unreported income is a problem that Chinese society will not be able to solve for quite a long time to come ; it is a characteristic of China , an uncontrollable black hole in China 's social oversight .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [259, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is far from being a tax problem ; it is a deeper systemic problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If China 's personal income tax can not achieve the effect of helping the poor to become rich , neither can it control the excessive incomes of the wealthy , so what is it we expect this personal income tax to do ?", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be better to eliminate it in one fell swoop , as we did with the agricultural tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Below are some of the main reasons :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. China 's income tax can not become a tool for keeping the poor perpetually poor ; it can not become a social tool that keeps on producing a penniless proletariat .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In China the primary function of the income tax is to increase the state 's financial revenues ; it is not to regulate the income gap .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2004 China 's income taxes amounted to approximately 180 billion , accounting for about 6 % of the state 's financial revenues .", "entity": [{"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "approximately 180 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 67]}, {"entity": "about 6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But of this 180 billion , about 65 % , or 117 billion , was paid by the working class .", "entity": [{"entity": "180 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "about 65 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "117 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less than 10 % was paid by the wealthy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Less than 10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In China more than 90 % of the people who depend on fully declared total earnings for a living are urban poor .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "more than 90 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These poor people , who struggle just to pay for the necessities of life , their children 's education , old age , illness and death , also have to pay income tax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all of China 's cities now , anyone with a monthly income of 2000 yuan or less is considered poor .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "2000 yuan or less", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [64, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a husband and wife have a total monthly work income of 2000 yuan , and if they pay 33 % income tax on anything over 1500 yuan , they have a disposable income of only 1670 yuan .", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "33 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "over 1500 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "1670 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [169, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A household like this can not even continue bearing basic living expenses , and their standard of living will decline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And should anyone in the household get sick and have to go to the hospital , the family may well find itself in an economic crisis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if a family like this wants to buy its own home , that will basically be impossible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if only one person in a three - person family is employed , the family will have a very difficult life .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But even so , they have to pay 165 yuan in income tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "165 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearly , if our income tax threshold is set at 1500 yuan , our society is destined always to produce a proletariat , always to deny hope to the poor or to the masses of ever getting rich .", "entity": [{"entity": "1500 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our production relations are no different from the production relations in Marx 's \" Das Kapital , \" constantly reproducing a proletariat who can only rely on selling its labor to make a living .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marx", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Das Kapital", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In short , if the personal income tax threshold is set lower than 6400 yuan , it will be ineffective in helping the poor get rich .", "entity": [{"entity": "6400 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , if the threshold is too low , it will cleanly and quickly inhibit the ability of poor people to get rich .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. The personal income tax is absolutely unable to control the accumulation of wealth by the rich .", "entity": [{"entity": "2.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We should not entertain any illusions that China 's income tax can in any way regulate income distribution , much less that it can \" take from the rich and give to the poor . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Chinese society , 20 % of the people hold 80 % of social wealth , and 80 % of the people are able to use only 20 % of the social wealth to suffer through their lives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In China , freedom , human rights , democracy , happiness and all the other most effective benefits that society can offer refer only to 20 % of the people .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western countries that attack China for not having human rights , democracy and freedom are quite wrong ; these 20 % of upper - class citizens have broader human rights , democracy and freedom than do Western societies .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "these 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When God looks at China , he sees only these 20 % ; the other 80 % he ca n't see clearly .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "these 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The income of the vast majority of these 20 , of upper - class citizens in China is basically unreported income ; the proportion of their income that comes from fully declared earnings is a negligible part of their wealth .", "entity": [{"entity": "20", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only if China eliminated unreported income would the income tax have an effect on rich people .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if China wants to eliminate unreported income , to date there is no sign of that , and there is no compelling evidence to explain when China might eliminate unreported income .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyhow , it is not something our generation will see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is why the income tax has no effect on regulating the wealth of China 's rich people .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It does however have a highly restrictive effect on the ability of poor people to get rich .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A very simple explanation is that poor people are all wage earners who rely on fully declared wages for their living ; they do not have unreported income .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fully 100 % of their income falls within the income - tax field of vision , so they ca n't escape even if they wanted to .", "entity": [{"entity": "100 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Add to this the fact that the threshold is under the level required to meet the necessary expenditures to maintain the basic necessities of life , and the poor are completely stymied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Dragons give birth to dragons , phoenixes to phoenixes ; the son of a bandit will live in a cave . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The children of poor people are always poor . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the previous 800 yuan income tax threshold , if it were strictly enforced , 80 % of beggars would have to pay .", "entity": [{"entity": "800 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a threshold set below 5000 yuan , this generation of poor people need not think about buying a home or driving a car .", "entity": [{"entity": "5000 yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will always be poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , many children of poor people are able to get rich , but this came about because the parents struggled harder , tightening their belts and \" skimping on food and clothing \" for themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now how many university students who have received acceptance notifications are unable to enroll , and how many enrolled university students from the countryside have parents who are living through unimaginably hard times ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Western countries , the personal income tax is the most effective means of controlling excessively high incomes among the rich .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But these are countries ruled by law , where official income is all recorded , citizen 's incomes are fully transparent , and therefore the personal income tax can easily achieve the effect of regulating income distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The situation in China is not like that ; if the personal income tax has an effect , it 's to increase financial revenues , and it has absolutely no income - regulating effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Eliminating the income tax will benefit peasants .", "entity": [{"entity": "3.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vast majority of China 's 900 million peasants are unable to reach the income level for paying income tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "900 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the peasants have contractual land , they have a low - consumption rural lifestyle and conditions , and they have basic housing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if people in the cities do n't have money , everything is a struggle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they go shopping for food by bike , they have to pay 20 cents for parking .", "entity": [{"entity": "20 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They ca n't not pay the rent or they 'll have to sleep on the street .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of macroeconomic law , the distribution of wealth in Chinese society is set at 2/8 , with the 20 % of wealthy people holding 80 % of the social wealth , and the 80 % of poor people holding just 20 % of the social wealth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "2/8", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "the 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "the 80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The personal income tax threshold is too low , the urban population is too large , and the population participating in the 20 % that goes to peasants is even greater , so the peasants ultimately have to get a reduced share of this 20 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "this 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [226, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we eliminate the personal income tax , the number of poor people in the cities will be reduced , and the people participating in the peasant struggle for this 20 % will be reduced , which will benefit the peasants .", "entity": [{"entity": "this 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In China the wealthy will always hold 80 % of the social wealth ; there has never been a softhearted rich person .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. This will really be beneficial in establishing a soft - landing market economy system .", "entity": [{"entity": "4.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years China 's rate of state financial growth has been higher than economic growth ; this is a highly abnormal phenomenon , and in terms of economic theory it is highly adverse for sustained , healthy growth of the national economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blood has all been pumped out of the national economy ; it 's like eating up all the seeds sown in the spring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proportion of financial revenues from the personal income tax is about 6 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we cancel out this 6 % , we can slow down financial growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "this 6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in the Chinese economic cycle , excessive financial investment is not a good thing for economic growth and the establishment of a true market economy system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to market investment , the efficiency of financial investment is less than half .", "entity": [{"entity": "less than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And when there is too much financial investment , corruption is everywhere , all the time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. It promotes the establishment of a harmonious society .", "entity": [{"entity": "5.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese and foreign history amply demonstrates that a harmonious society is an olive - shaped society : the distribution of numbers of poor , middle - class and wealthy people making up the society is small at either end and larger in the middle , with 40 % or more of the society being middle class .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "40 % or more", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [253, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese society is 80 % poor people , 20 % wealthy ; there is no stable middle class , or it floats between the lower levels of the wealthy and the upper end of the poor and is highly unstable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no way this \" 2/8 \" social structure can establish a harmonious society .", "entity": [{"entity": "2/8", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eliminating the personal income tax to accumulate wealth for the people will be beneficial in producing and nourishing a middle class and will promote the creation of a harmonious society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In short , if our personal income tax policy can not help the poor get rich , and is unable to limit the excessive increase in wealth among the rich , then it is better not to have this kind of personal income tax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We need to adopt this kind of strategic insight when we consider this matter , so as to benefit the country and the people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This essay is dedicated to all the hardworking people of the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Something Even More Absurd Than the \" Breakneck 90 M/H On a Snowy Night \" ?? My Personal Experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "90 M/H", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "poqi", "entity": [{"entity": "poqi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poster : poqi ( poqi ) , Area : Automobile .", "entity": [{"entity": "poqi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "poqi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Title : Something Even More Absurd Than the \" Breakneck 90 M/H On a Snowy Night \" ?? My Personal Experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originating site : BBS Unknown Space ( Tue Jan 16 22:51:46 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tue Jan 16", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "22:51:46", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "2007", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have deep feelings and a lot of sympathy with the author after reading the article Breakneck 90 m/h on a Snowy Night .", "entity": [{"entity": "90 m/h", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also reminds me of something that I experienced several years ago , also related to an airport and meeting people .", "entity": [{"entity": "several years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A couple of years ago , my neighbor approached me to borrow my car , saying he was meeting his parents at the airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "A couple of years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also said both his wife and children wanted to go .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As his car was too small and mine was big , it could make his parents more comfortable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added that he would only use it for one morning and would return it to me before noon .", "entity": [{"entity": "one morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there was only a nodding acquaintance between the neighbor and me , we lived in the same apartment building after all and were both Chinese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I discussed with my wife back home and lent him the car as we thought we would not be using the car until the same afternoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "the same afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then something happened ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1:00pm , the neighbor called me , saying he took his parents to a buffet and would probably not to be back until around 3:00pm .", "entity": [{"entity": "1:00pm", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "3:00pm", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [123, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I of course agreed and asked them not to rush .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wait lasted till 5:30pm , when the neighbor told me in a half - crying tone that there was an accident , and everyone else was intact , except his father , who was in hospital for fractures .", "entity": [{"entity": "5:30pm", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I comforted him first and asked my friend to rush me to the hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My neighbor showed me the police report at the hospital , which indicated it was all my neighbor 's fault .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He clashed into a truck going straight when he made a left turn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My car was completely damaged and had been towed away .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I forced myself to refrain from the grief of loosing my beloved car ( mine was liability - only coverage ) and asked the friend to send their family home .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then the nightmare began .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next day , my neighbor called me , saying his father needed to undergo an operation in hospital and asked where the money would come from", "entity": [{"entity": "The next day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I told him part would be covered by my car insurance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a while , he called again , saying the operation charge was high and it was difficult for them to afford", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I tried my best to comfort him then and told him to think of a way slowly", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just then , a nearly crazy voice of a woman came from the other end of the line , saying her family had just saved several dozen thousand bucks for the down payment of a house ; where would they live afterwards if they spent this .", "entity": [{"entity": "several dozen thousand bucks", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [115, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also said my car was a Japanese one , which had poor safety performance and it was my car to blame for the car accident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She added that I should pay the money because the car was mine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I hung up the phone angrily as the dialog could not go on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My wife [ pw% ] had been persuading me aside , saying some women would easily lose mind once in fury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She asked me to take no heed of them and let them calm down first .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I did n't take their words seriously but still felt angry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of my expectation , a phone call on the third day completely changed my original idea .", "entity": [{"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The telephone rang just as I was about to go to work in the morning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought it was a sales call and was prepared to end it perfunctorily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpectedly , coming from the other end of the line was a deep and resolute voice of a middle - aged man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said in an incontestable tone that my neighbor had a car accident as a result of borrowing my car , which traumatized them both physically and mentally and harmed their economic interests , and as the car owner , they would not sue me if I compensated them for the hospital charge and the costs of missing work hours ( three times ) , otherwise they would see me in court .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [322, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added that he was certain about the case as a lawyer in business for ten years and the compensation he requested could double in court .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a great Chinese guy , how could I be scared by a few remarks of the lawyer ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I also took up the weapon of law for justice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , I also retained a lawyer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of my expectation , my lawyer solved the problem by merely making two phone calls .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was to the police station , asking for any additional findings in the investigation report of the accident .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was additional findings unexpectedly , which were against them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Someone at the junk yard found a bottle of unfinished wine without the lid inside the car and reported it to the police station .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The police found they put the bottle of unfinished wine in the car without the lid after lunch .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second call was to their lawyer .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So their lawyer dropped the lawsuit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , they would not stop it there and came to discuss with me several times , sometimes honey - tongued and sometimes threatening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most classic one was : Do n't ever dream of living a life back to China , as we have people across the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disgusting !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here comes the old topic again , are you going to lend your car if your neighbor or friend asks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think many people will say they wo n't .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would suggest not to lend online .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the Internet is after all virtual .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Words sometimes have no emotions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When your seemingly nice neighbor , seemingly close friend , or a girl whose eyes can speak asks for it in the real world , how many people will answer with a \" no ? \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyhow , I was not able to do that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I lent my car to some people in need after that , and I believe there are not many people like my former neighbor couple .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , here is a summery of the loss of the two sides : .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our side : A 02 Camary of 50,000 miles , retaining fee 200 . Annual leave two days .", "entity": [{"entity": "02", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "Camary", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "50,000 miles", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their side : One leg of the father ( repaired ) , hospital charge : unknown , costs for missing work hours : unknown , retaining fee : unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And most importantly : the dignity and honor of the entire family ( except children ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "--", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* Source : · BBS Unknown Space http://mitbbs.com · [ FROM : 129.137. ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thank my Beijing friends and wish everyone a Happy New Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mikecat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poster : mikecat ( mikecat ) , Section : Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "mikecat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "mikecat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topic : I thank my Beijing friends and wish everyone a Happy New Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posting station : BBS Unnamed space station ( Mon Jan 1 12:05:53 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mon Jan 1", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "12:05:53", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "2007", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A month ago , I was really desperate , I lost my current job , which I was completely unprepared for , and had to find a job within a month to keep myself going .", "entity": [{"entity": "A month ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "a month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now in this month with the Christmas holiday there 's really only three weeks of actual work time , and I do n't think any companies are going to be hiring people during this period .", "entity": [{"entity": "this month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "three weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despair , that sinking feeling weighing on my mind , so much pressure I could n't eat , could n't sleep ; I was simply going crazy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I still needed to do something ; getting crazy - hysteric makes no sense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then I started connecting with my friends in America ; I went to Maimaiti to ask for help , consulted about my status , and looked for a way to solve the problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "Maimaiti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even my relatives ' friends in America and my parents ' friends all got involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friends , it 's always friends who help me at key moments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many friends got people they knew to recommend me , help me send out resumes , or call and commiserate with me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was one friend who had just got an offer , but he did n't want to go , so he recommended me to go for him , but it was way off in LA , plus the salary was n't ideal , but at least it could help me keep the legal status , so I thought I would take it .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "LA", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the telephone interview , I flew to LA , landing at 12:00 noon , and at 4:00 p.m. .", "entity": [{"entity": "LA", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "12:00 noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "4:00 p.m.", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had the interview .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By then 17 - 18 hours had passed since I 'd gotten up at 4:00 a.m.", "entity": [{"entity": "17 - 18 hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "4:00 a.m.", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although I was too tired to walk , I still had to pump up my spirits so I 'd be in peak form for the interview .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interview did n't last long , just two hours and it was over .", "entity": [{"entity": "two hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I felt the interview went well , and started to feel confident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But on that day one senior level person was n't there , so the next day early I had to go back to talk to him .", "entity": [{"entity": "that day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "the next day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the next day I got up at 7:00 and ran over to chat for an hour ; that guy was nice , did n't embarrass me , so after an hour it ended happily .", "entity": [{"entity": "7:00", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "an hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "an hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that the boss took me to the home office , and on the way he gave me an oral offer , and he said it would not be easy for me to come right away , that I should do the physical exam immediately and do all the paperwork , wait until after New Year 's , and the HR director would return and turn in the H1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Year 's", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [243, 254]}, {"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [306, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then I went straight for the physical , and I filled out the application form , reference list , etc.", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 3:00 p.m. , the dust finally settled .", "entity": [{"entity": "3:00 p.m.", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally before Christmas I received a Christmas present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although I still have n't made the final decision to go , at least I have a guaranteed - minimum choice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I am thanking everyone for helping me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I hope that all my friends who are still looking for work will be able to find their ideal job in the New Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "* Source : ・ BBS Unnamed space station http://mitbbs.com ・ [ FROM : 72.224. ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "72.224.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam 's last days and what is said he was like", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "last", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bu Thari", "entity": [{"entity": "Bu Thari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What we know about Saddam Hussein in recent years is that he had changed a lot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had Islamic tendecies and acts which many Iraqis mentioned , saying that Saddam supported to a great extent the building of mosques centers for memorizing Koran , and charities , and the dancer 's punishment was death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Koran", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had many works .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But some explained his Islamic tendency by saying that he was currying favor with the Sunnis as if they were reading his mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Sunnis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have followed Saddam Hussein , especially in recent years , and I noticed about him was that there was religion but there was injustice and coarseness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And his punishment was unjust .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean , for example , the dancer would be killed after second offence .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I did not expect anyone to kill the dancer unless good would come of it , but like the most idiots his aim was correct but the method was wrong .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another example - after his son Udai harmed the Iraqi people and attacked women and other matters , Saddam ordered him to be killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Udai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in fact he was fired on but survived miraculously , after being hit with several fatal shots some of which hit his spine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a sign that there was good in him otherwise he would not have ordered the killing of his son , his own child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he was not a scholar nor feared in God .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I myself heard from some people who were in Iraq about the things that Saddam Hussein used to do , and could not be reasonably done by anyone other than a good Moslem To the extent that many said of his actions that they were only to gain favor amongst the Sunnis and the religious .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "Moslem", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Sunnis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [257, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we judge by the appearances and his end was in line with the appearance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his last days during the fall of Baghdad and his disappearance , an old woman or man said on TV on al - Jazeera channel that he was hiding in her house and had had his prayer mat with him and was always praying and reading the Koran .", "entity": [{"entity": "last", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "Koran", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [230, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do we say no , this is hypocrisy ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bear in mind that many have said that Saddam prayed regularly especially after he was put in prison by the Rafida and their masters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "Rafida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of those who said that he was always praying and reading the Koran are the Christians who visited him in his prison cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Koran", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Christians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , during his hanging , the Rafida tried to distract him and keep him from saying the Creed before his death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rafida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were trying everything they could but we say that God made him steadfast for the whole world to see that he died acknowledging God .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rafida were shouting provocative words such as Muqtada and al - Sadr so that he would lose control and curse them , then they would have killed him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rafida", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Muqtada", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "al - Sadr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So they could show the clip in which there is cursing and insults from Saddam and cut the rest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However he remained steadfast in saying the creed and was killed whilst saying it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe that this could n't have happened without God making him steadfast otherwise God would not have made him steadfast in it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As one of the sheikhs says , many people when they were supposed to say the creed and were being dictated the creed by those present would murmur \" Did love see drunkards ? \"", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other people say , I have not said it while I was alive and you want me to say it when I am dying ... the truth is what is apparent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Saddam Hussein was reasonable in that he repented and turned to his creator who receives the repentance from his slave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he committed himself to the worship of God . And remained loyal to God .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ask God to have mercy on him and to forgive him and to give him an ample dwelling in his paradise and guide the rest of the Ba'thists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba'thists", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hot dialogue ... that went on between [ [ [ Saddam Hussein and Rumsfeld ] ] ] at the airport prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collaborator", "entity": [{"entity": "Collaborator", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Details of the minutes of the meeting between Rumsfeld and Saddam Hussein at the Airport Prison ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "the Airport Prison", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [77, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Washington offers Saddam a television appearance to stop the Resistance in return for his freedom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Resistance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baghdad - INA - from Aras An Nasiri", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Aras An Nasiri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minutes of the dialogue between Saddam and Rumsfeld from trusted American sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What follows is the text of the minutes", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the start of the conversation President Saddam appeared extremely calm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps he was surprised that his guest was Rumsfeld , but he did not appear at all nervously tense .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld began the conversation by saying Rumsfeld : I came to meet you to negotiate the situation in Iraq ; we have made contact with some of your followers inside and outside Iraq , they have advised us to listen to you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [177, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : So what do you want ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your forces have occupied the territory of the proud Iraq , you have brought down the governing regime without a legal support ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you have assaulted the sovereignty of an independent free sovereign country ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you have committed crimes which history will record against you as evidence of your blood - stained civilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So what do you want after all that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld ( trying to suppress his anger ) : What 's past is past , I came especially to make you a clear and specific offer and I want to hear from you a clear and definite answer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein ( mockingly ) : I thought you had come to apologize and restore power to the Iraqis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : We have nothing to apologize for , you constituted a danger to your neighbors and tried to acquire weapons of mass destruction and practiced dictatorship over your people and so it was only natural that we extended our hand to the people of Iraq to rid them of the perils which had confronted them for more than three decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [252, 256]}, {"entity": "more", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [313, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I know that you are ignorant of history , and I know that your president is no less ignorant but it seems that you have continued to lie to the extent that you now believe yourselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If \" by our neighbors \" you mean the Zionist Entity then we did indeed form a danger , we were preparing to liberate our ravished territory in Palestine .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Zionist Entity", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "Palestine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the wish of every Arab person and not just every Iraqi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this is Arab land and its people are Arab , and the Zionists are the ones who occupied the land and came to us from all over the world with your help , yours , and that of the old imperial powers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "Zionists", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if you meant Kuwait , I want to ask you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did you withdraw from Kuwait or not ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : These are security issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , there are security agreements between us and Kuwait and the other Gulf states ... we came at their request to protect them from your threats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Is n't funny that the wolf is being entrusted with the sheep ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The people of Kuwait are an Arab people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Kuwait is Iraqi territory , therefore I ask you to read history carefully , although I am certain that you wo n't comprehend it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Stop from this drivel , I am offering you ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein ( interrupting ) : Before you offer me your rotten goods , I ask you did you find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq or not ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld ( disconcerted ) : We have n't found them yet , but we will surely find them one day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you deny that you had intentions to manufacture a nuclear bomb ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : We have had no weapons of mass destruction since 1991 , we were truthful when we spoke with the international inspection mission , we were truthful in our letters to Kofi Annan , you knew these facts but you were looking for any pretext to occupy Iraq and topple its legitimate authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Kofi Annan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [264, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : The Iraqis received us with overwhelming happiness and welcomed us , because of the practices of your bloody regime over the course of all those years in which you governed Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "all those years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [146, 161]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [184, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Please , Mr Rumsfeld , enough lying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are the ones who have opened the floodgates to cascades of blood on the soil of Iraq , you plotted against us and got some traitors to take over power over the land of the great Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Those you are calling traitors have been chosen by the Iraqi people as their leaders by democratic means and free elections , something that did not take place during your rule over the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I found out that you had come with a troop of traitors led by Talabani ( laughs mockingly ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Talabani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Great Iraq is being ruled by Talabani and Jaafari .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "Talabani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Jaafari", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is n't this ridiculous ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , which elections are you talking about ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it permissible for what you call free elections to be held under your occupation of our country ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr Rumsfeld , we have learned from history that the occupier will not bring except his assistants and lackeys , and you want , after all that , to convince me that the people of Iraq enjoy freedom and democracy ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are truly delusional .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld ( barely able to contain his anger ) : You are isolated and do not know the facts of what is happening on the outside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iraqi people have been liberated from your oppression , if they saw you or any of your men in the street they would kill you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I challenge you to announce your location in Iraq if you can .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the Iraqi resistance found out your whereabouts you would not be able to get out alive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to give a word of advice to your \" dumb \" president , you must pass it on to him , and it is that he should save what is left of his soldiers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Death surrounds them everywhere and history will not be merciful to him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : I came to talk with you about the terrorist operations which your men are instigating and carrying out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your men have recently carried out an ignoble operation aimed at the Abu Ghraib prison where they injured and killed more than fifty Americans and also killed a number of prisoners imprisoned under various charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Ghraib", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "more than fifty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your men are employing terrorists from all parts of the world and they are threatening the democratic process in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : What is it you want exactly ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : I am making you one offer , that you are released and choose for yourself a place of exile in any country you wish on the condition that you appear on television to announce your condemnation of the terrorism and to ask your men to stop these practices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Have you obtained the consent of your president to this offer ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Yes , this offer was agreed to at a session in which the President , his deputy , the Secretary of State and the head of the CIA took part and I was commissioned to inform you of this offer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : It is a very low price .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld ( excited ) : We are prepared to include elements close to you in power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : And what else ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : We will offer you considerable financial assistance and will look after your and your family 's security in the country you choose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Do you want to hear my conditions ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Yes , that would be nice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein ( in language beaming with pride and arrogance ) I want you first of all .. to set me a timetable for the withdrawal from Iraq that your government will commit itself to it in front of the world , and for you to begin the withdrawal operation immediately .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ask , secondly , .. for the immediate release of all the Iraqi and Arab detainees in the prisons you have set up or in those where you have shackled the freedom of tens of thousands of honorable Iraqis .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "tens of thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [166, 183]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [197, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirdly , I ask you .. for the undertaking that full compensation will be offered for the material losses which the Iraqi people have suffered through your aggression on our country since the Mother of All Battles in 1991 until this present day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thirdly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "the Mother of All Battles", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [188, 213]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "this present day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [228, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will accept the assistance of an international and Arab committee in estimating these losses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourthly , I ask that you produce the money which your men looted from the treasuries of Iraq and its oil especially this criminal Bremmer and his henchmen from the traitors and renegades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fourthly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "Bremmer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , fifthly , I ask for .. the return of the antiquities which you have stolen and handed over to the antiquities mafia , for these are priceless treasures because they bear the history of Iraq and its civilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "fifthly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [191, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your country is no older than a few hundred years .", "entity": [{"entity": "a few hundred years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "True , you do not have neither a civilization nor history , but all that can not excuse your thefts and your hatred of Iraq 's civilization and Iraq 's riches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixthly , I ask that you hand me the weapons of mass destruction if you have found them , bring back to life all the martyrs you have killed , and return the integrity of the glorious Iraqi women which you have robbed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sixthly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [184, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Is this some kind of joke ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : No , this is just the bitter truth , which you know very well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr Rumsfeld , you have committed the greatest crime in history against a peaceful Arab state .. we met each other in the eighties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "the eighties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you remember your offers ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Let us forget the past , we are in the process of re-evaluating our position on you and on the many forces which displayed hostility to us in the past .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "the past", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "the past", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have decided to hold a dialogue with the moderate Islamists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamists", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have no objection to their arrival in power via the ballot box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But more importantly , we have decided to open channels of dialogue with \" terrorist \" organizations such as Hamas and Jihad and Hezbollah who are loyal to Iran , and other fundamentalist organizations in the whole world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Jihad", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Hezbollah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And we even have a project to get in touch with the Taliban movement in Afghanistan to discuss its participation in power in return for disarming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Then you have begun to re-think your mistaken methodology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : It is a natural development of things , we are trying to spread democracy to all countries and all autocratic movements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : You would be successful if you would tell the truth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know the reality of your goals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you were really sincere you would begin straightaway , you and your allies , to withdraw from Iraq , and you also have to back down from your position of supporting Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know that your president is stubborn and obstinate and not sincere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : He is a democratically elected president and not a bloodthirsty ruler like you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Terrorism is your trade and deceit your method .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : This proposal is an historic chance for you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will release you and will consult with you in everything concerning governance issues in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you reject this offer then the opportunity will not be repeated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I am not looking for opportunities , I am not looking for a way to save my neck from the gallows which you have set up for the whole of Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If I wanted that I would have accepted the Russian offer and saved my two sons and my grandson from martyrdom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do not know what the fate of my family and my daughters and grandchildren is , but be sure that I am concerned for every Iraqi citizen and the future of the Great Iraq more than I am concerned with myself and my family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have previously made me an offered before this through your men that I say the weapons of mass destruction were smuggled to Syria , and you said that the price was my release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I refused and I repeat the refusal once again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : I do not want a refusal from you , I want you to think about it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are currently re-evaluating our positions , we want to stop the bloodshed on both sides and so our offer is made from the point of strength and not from the point of weakness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We asked Jalal Talabani to make a statement in which he denies any intention to execute you as a sign of good will from us .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jalal Talabani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are ready to review our position completely on the entire political process in Iraq and we will hold a dialogue with you and with your men on this matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussain : Are you ready to withdraw or not ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : We could discuss re-deployment , our forces have prepared bases for long - term stay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We could withdraw from the streets and the towns but we will stay in the bases for a some time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : Then you want a new lackey to be added to this queue of lackeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No Mr. Rumsfeld .. do n't forget that you are speaking with Saddam Hussein , the president of the state of Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : But you have lost power .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I have only honor left and honor can not be sold or bought .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : But life has a value that is priceless .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : There is no value to a life without honor , and you robbed Iraq of its honor when you desecrated its land .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will get our honor back whether Saddam Hussein survives or becomes a martyr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : Your followers with whom we entered into a dialogue have told us that the decisions will be yours , first and last .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "last", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Were they expecting your reaction ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : For sure , they know that Saddam Hussain can not back down at the expense of his nation and its honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : History will hold you responsible for the blood which is being spilled in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : On the contrary , history will judge you because of your crimes ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I warned you in advance when I said to you that you will commit suicide on the walls of Baghdad , and here you are paying the price .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ask you to go to London and read the records of the British Foreign Office to find out some of the characteristics of the struggle of the Iraqi people against your British friends whose mistakes you are repeating and making them participate with you .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "the British Foreign Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 76]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iraqi people are an obstinate people and do not fear death ... the Resistance is stronger than you imagine and therefore I predict there 'll be more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Resistance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "End of the text of the meeting minutes ... the source", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May your steps in doing good be like someone walking on sand ... he makes no sound but his tracks are obvious .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MOTAAWEN@HOTMAIL.COM", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the sun", "entity": [{"entity": "Over the sun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://alsaha.fares.net/sahat?128@96.GdrOcqF3AIR.21@.3ba9a044", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Details of the minutes of the meeting between Rumsfeld and Saddam Hussein at the Airport Prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "the Airport Prison", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [77, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Amateur", "entity": [{"entity": "The Amateur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rumsfeld : We have nothing to apologize for .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You were a danger to your neighbors and tried to acquire weapons of mass destruction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you practiced dictatorship over your people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and so it was natural that we extended our hand to the people of Iraq to rid them of the perils which had confronted them for more than three decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "more", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And did Rumsfeld free Iraq from dangers ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is really delusional ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have reservations about what appeared in these minutes ... because I think it unlikely that what happened at that meeting would leak out this easily ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I do not believe that Rumsfeld would meet Saddam unless Saddam himself made signs ... the important thing is that the expression quoted above tells of a reality that can not be but accepted ...", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumsfeld", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Saddam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May God the Great forgive me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My brother , Over the Sun . I apologize for repeating the article , and thank you for participating .", "entity": [{"entity": "Over the Sun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooperator", "entity": [{"entity": "Cooperator", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My brother Amateur Thank you for participating .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amateur", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qais the Son of His Father", "entity": [{"entity": "Qais the Son of His Father", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Martyr of the Nation , God is his protector and we do not recommend anyone above God , ascended up the gallows walking straight , not with a bowed head , and he was treated to what ( ( the lackeys ) ) witnessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Martyr of the Nation", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He disdained death and was not bothered by it , challenging the provocations of the imperialist donkeys with full self - control , repeating the words \" There is no God but God and Mohammed is the messenger of God . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Mohammed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the sentence was carried out and his body was dangling in the air , his shoes were above the heads of the scum , the imperialist donkeys , those on whose backs the people of the cross are riding and who share the trenches with them to carry out the most despicable , vile and contemptible crime the Islamic world has know in our current age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [305, 312]}, {"entity": "current age", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [335, 346]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exalted in life and in death **** verily , you are one of the miracles", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As if the people around you when they rose up **** delegations at your call in the days of prayer .", "entity": [{"entity": "the days of prayer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As if you are standing amongst them addressing - **** and all of them are standing to pray", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You extended your hands towards them in welcome **** just as you extended them towards them with gifts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the bowels of the Earth became too tight to - **** confine your exaltedness after Death They made the air your tomb and they exchanged - **** for the shrouds the gown of the sandy winds", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Your Greatness in our souls grows and is tended - **** by guards and trustworthy confidents", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May the Compassionate rain his blessings on you - ***** with mercies passing to and fro", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Emirati", "entity": [{"entity": "The Emirati", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein : I have nothing left but honor and honor can not be bought and sold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Collaborator", "entity": [{"entity": "The Collaborator", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My brother Qais , the Son of his Father , I thank you for your post and the addition , may God take care of you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qais , the Son of his Father", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of al - Jazeera and the failure of Hebrew , the film \" The Death Squads \" for downloading .", "entity": [{"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Hebrew", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "\" The Death Squads \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [65, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Source of the Word .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Source of the Word", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The al - Jazeera channel broadcasted the film \" The Death Squads \" with subtitles , as it was previously shown on the British Channel 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "\" The Death Squads \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "the British Channel 4", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this film the role of the Shiites in our beloved Iraq becomes clearer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shiites", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hebrew channel , I meant the Al - Arabiya channel , did not dare , to broadcast this film or even mention it and the reasons are famously unknown ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebrew", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a unique precedent for al - Jazeera ..", "entity": [{"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many questions , amongst them the timing of its being shown at this very time , following the conflict in interests between the Sons of Monkeys and Pigs and the Sons of Temporary Marriages ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I leave you with the film which saddens the heart and makes it bleed ....", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the link to the film ..", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "http://z08.zupload.com/download.php?...filepath=48993", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Islam Diary : A leader of the Shiite death squads in Sadr City , east of Baghdad , acknowledged that the Mahdi Army militia was involved in killing operations of Arab Sunni men after kidnapping them , despite their relatives having paid the blood money demanded by the hostage - takers in return for their being freed .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Islam Diary", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Sadr City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking at the same time about an Iranian role in the financing and support of the war of genocide against the Sunnis . \" Fadil \" , a commander in the Mahdi Army tells how he had followed three Arab Sunni men for a period of some weeks and detained them when they were crossing the Karada bridge , after having informed an Iraqi army road block close to the area that he was pursuing \" terrorists \" , then attacked the car of the group in question .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iranian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "Sunnis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "Fadil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "the Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 162]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [189, 194]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [195, 199]}, {"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "some weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [226, 236]}, {"entity": "the Karada bridge", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [279, 296]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [324, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also told the British Guardian that he took the three men to Sadr City where his group had interrogated them then executed them , indicating that the members of the Mahdi Army usually demanded a ransom from the families of the hostages in return for freeing their relatives , and would liquidate them anyway after they receive the ransom .", "entity": [{"entity": "the British Guardian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Sadr City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "the Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newspaper quoted another commander in the Mahdi Army as saying ; \" We have taken 10 Sunnis hostages , we will get a ransom for five of them , then we will kill them all . In every major hostage - taking operation we get 50 thousand dollars , \" and he considered it to be the best business a person could be running in Baghdad now !", "entity": [{"entity": "the Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "10", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "Sunnis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "50 thousand dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [224, 243]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [322, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newspaper described \" Fadil \" as a valuable commander to this squad because he is a Shiite who grew up in the Sunni area south of Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fadil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He speaks in the Sunni dialect and carries an identity card from the Yusufiyah Sunni village .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Yusufiyah", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was quoted as saying : \" I can enter the Sunni areas without anyone knowing that I am a Shiite . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It pointed out that Fadil and the likes are responsible for the dozens of corpses which are being found daily in Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fadil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "dozens", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This means that the Baghdad security plan will not be successful unless the Americans control squads such as these to put breaks on the civil war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Fadil \" was quoted as saying that the Mahdi Army is resorting in its operations to reinforcements from Iraqi army units commanded by its members or sympathizers , and confirmed that all the police belong to the Shiite militia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fadil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "the Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [213, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added that the Mahdi Army is receiving logistic and military support from Iran and that they are not encountering any problems in getting weapons through to Sadr City because they usually present a letter to each of the checkpoints they pass through .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Mahdi Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Iran", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Sadr City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Son of the Interior", "entity": [{"entity": "Son of the Interior", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Al - Jazeera channel is superior to the Al - Arabiya in many areas \" \" even though it has some bad faults \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "the Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" ______________ al - Mu'tasim ____________ \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abu Bakr al - Razi", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Bakr al - Razi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I swear !!!!!", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are like a Zubairi Chairman of the Club", "entity": [{"entity": "Zubairi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Chairman of the Club", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ QUOTE", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are like a Zubairi [ /quote ]", "entity": [{"entity": "Zubairi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Source of the Word", "entity": [{"entity": "Source of the Word", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "God bless you , my brother , Son of the Interior", "entity": [{"entity": "Son of the Interior", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for it being superior , it is superior to the Hebrew , I mean the 'Arabiya channel and there is no competition between them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebrew", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "'Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the best one at conveying the incidents on the ground in Iraq , and has not covered many of the facts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As regards some of the faults they are many - especially its view of Saudi Arabia ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we have said this is a unique precedent for it ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Glare", "entity": [{"entity": "The Glare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brother Source of the Word , a very good morning to you .", "entity": [{"entity": "Source of the Word", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 26]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Zionist - American and Safavid evil triangle has nothing else to do but put an end to the Sunnis and the Book so that there is no one to resist them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zionist - American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 23]}, {"entity": "Safavid", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Sunnis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Book", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But however much they try , Baghdad will remain , by God 's decree , the capital of the Islamic caliphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will return , God permitting !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The victories of the Mujahideen are obvious and America and its Safavid henchmen are no longer able to hide this fact .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Safavid", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "God be praised and blessed and we ask Him the Almighty on high to empower the Mujahideen to be victorious and strong ; He has the power and ability to do so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unique of His Kind", "entity": [{"entity": "Unique of His Kind", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My brother Source of the Word . The truth is that I saw the film and it was really terrifying to the extent that I thought I was watching a fictional film ... because I could not imagine the extent of the Safavid hatred and criminality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Source of the Word", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "Safavid", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite what I had already imagined regarding their hatred and criminality nevertheless I did not imagine them reaching this level of hatred and criminality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Al - Jazeera deserves every appreciation for showing this film to the Arab viewer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But as for the Al - Arabiya channel , as long as al - Rashed is its director I wash my hands of it completely .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "al - Rashed", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greetings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abu Juri", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Juri", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Permit me to differ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Al - Arabiya channel in a short time has pulled the rug out from under the lying al - Jazeera channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the al - Jazeera channel has , as you say , shown a tape about the Shiites then it , in contrast , has not presented more important tapes about the treacherous government of Qatar .", "entity": [{"entity": "al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Shiites", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Qatar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last of these tapes or news is Peres ' visit to Doha and the warm reception which he and his delegation enjoyed .", "entity": [{"entity": "last", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Doha", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no channel without faults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Al - Arabiya is the best of them and it is more credible than Al - Jazeera whose first aim , as we all know , is to attack Saudi Arabia and to interfere in our country 's affairs , even the private ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wish , even if it was only once , to watch one of those al - Jazeera 's programs in which there is a lot of shouting and fighting , talking about the Al - Udeid Base , or the Israeli trade office and what the Israelis are doing exactly .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "those al - Jazeera 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 73]}, {"entity": "the Al - Udeid Base", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [148, 167]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [177, 184]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [211, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are hidden matters in the state of Qatar and its government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qatar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Al - Jazeera tries to cover up these failings by attacking other states and governments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Try again perhaps we can understand what you wrote ...", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By God 's will I have just understood it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May God grant you long life , my esteemed brother Glare .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glare", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You are right in what you wrote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And victory is coming by God 's leave .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salem", "entity": [{"entity": "Salem", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither Al - Arabiya nor Al - Jazeera --", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How I wish success to the Al - Majd channels , as they are truly the most pure and credible media channels on the face of the Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Majd", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for the rest of the channels they serve dubious agendas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they hit the spot once they miss a thousand times .", "entity": [{"entity": "a thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\"!!\" we have al - Razi here ; who is his equal \"!!\"", "entity": [{"entity": "al - Razi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" A scholar and a genius , an inventor and discoverer \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Abu Bakr ! You said nothing new \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Abu Bakr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" _______________ Al - Mu'tasim _________ \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - Mu'tasim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the Source of the Word .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Source of the Word", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May God grant you long life , my brother Unique , welcome back !", "entity": [{"entity": "Unique", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Al - Arabiya started as a rival to Al - Jazeera but it failed and the reason is famously unknown ... you find it in the word Hebrew", "entity": [{"entity": "The Al - Arabiya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Hebrew", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so the news started and the competition was won with make - up and women 's concerns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "May you stay in good health ..", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I just got back from the gym .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh-huh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How 's it going ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh pretty well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was really crowded today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I kind of assumed everyone would be at the shore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was wrong .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 's the middle of the week or whatever", "entity": [{"entity": "the middle of the week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it 's the fourth of July .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People have to work tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you have to work tomorrow ?", "entity": [{"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did you have off yesterday ?", "entity": [{"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh that 's good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I was paid too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it paid today ?", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so the gym 's going well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I still need to go more often .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well how often are you going ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only four days a week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Got to get that up to five .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , I do n't really like going with Anne Marie because she does n't like to stay very long .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anne Marie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She kind of ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "well unfortunately for some reason she 's not like into cardio vascular .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So when I 'm still riding the bike she 's completely finished her weight lifting routine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mhm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And like I have n't even started mine . mhm . You know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I kind of hinted to her that really the only way to lose weight is cardio vascular . mhm . It 's true . And that lifting the weights wo n't lose weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm %mm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You wo n't lose it , you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean you might lose some", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but that 's only when yo- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a woman who is lifting not that much I do n't think yeah . You would .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean the only thing is %um just getting your heart rate up for extended periods of time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I do n't know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "maybe she 'll catch on soon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do burn a lot of calories an hour though , lifting weights .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean I do n't think you 're going to lose that much .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and also lifting weights at Bally 's means you 're standing on line for as much time as you 're actually lifting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bally 's", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Really .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's too bad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So is it really overcrowded ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I mean obviously since I work I ca n't get there until about six o'clock at night which is when everyone else gets there .", "entity": [{"entity": "about six o'clock", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I 'm sure for people who go in the daytime it 's probably dead . yeah . You know", "entity": [{"entity": "the daytime", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %um , like when I go Saturday and Sunday mornings it 's totally dead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturday and Sunday mornings", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you know the weeknights is pretty crazy .", "entity": [{"entity": "the weeknights", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I found a gym yesterday here that 's only eight pounds a month which is like twelve dollars , twelve fifty", "entity": [{"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "eight pounds", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "twelve dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "twelve", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "fifty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's at the hospital nearby .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well that 's a deal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So uh-huh . I think %um tonight Charlie and I are going to go over and join up .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Charlie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even Charlie 's going to join ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Charlie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but it has to be debited from a bank account so it 's got to be debited from his .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In your letter you said that he eats constantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh my god .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Really ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alice , I 've never seen anybody eat as much as he does", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he 's so skinny .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean the amount of cereal he eats like between meals and after meals", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we go through a box of cereal every two days .", "entity": [{"entity": "every two days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He eats at least like four of cereal a day like in addition to like meals .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh-huh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And when he goes to work he brings four sandwiches with him , uh-huh . a bag of potato chips uh-huh . %um you know and then little sweetie things chocolates and **cakies** and stuff like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then you know before he leaves every morning he has like two fried eggs mhm on toast with cheese %um vegetarian sausages %um and like fruit", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and oh my god it 's just crazy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's crazy how much he eats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was probably starving when he was here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think what we got to do is just when he comes just have lots of cereal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He likes Cocoa Pops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocoa Pops", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh boy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's pretty crazy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's all about being a blue collar man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I guess so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're the ones who can eat all day .", "entity": [{"entity": "all day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I mean he does work his ass off", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %uh 291.01_291.28_B: %hm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%hm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I assume it 's hard for you not to eat as much as he does .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I learned quick fast in a hurry because I 've gained so much weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh really ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually in the first week I was here -- mhm . -- I gained a lot", "entity": [{"entity": "the first week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 's hard to you know not eat when somebody else is eating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I 'm figuring it out fast because -- okay -- with not working out and all yeah . it 's pretty miserable my crunch tape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I called this woman today", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %um , she 's a dressmaker", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we 're going to go see her next Thursday and talk about her making my wedding dress .", "entity": [{"entity": "next Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slate green .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See , that way I can have exactly what I want .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exactly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's only going to be about two hundred and fifty pounds which is about three hundred and fifty dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "about two hundred and fifty pounds", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "about three hundred and fifty dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [71, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it 's pretty good I mean comparatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 'll be exactly what I want", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 'll look good on me , you know like fit me , Sure . which is necessary at the moment because I 'm plump", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , daddy got %um the invitations together for you today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in it I put , %um paint samples from Sherwin Williams uh-huh . of all the different like shades of what color I thought you might be thinking of for the bride 's maids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sherwin Williams", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh I already told them all black", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but dad does n't want black he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mom and dad wo n't have black .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They do n't want black ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're really opposed to it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did you call Sharon and tell her that ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Could you do that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Could you call Kate and tell her that ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Kate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just say you know my parents are really opposed to black .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They wo n't buy me a black dress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They wo n't ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here wait .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me look for my phonebook .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Never mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I can just open the thing here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now wait .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "god we got so much furniture in this tiny apartment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's crazy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's drawers everywhere , to figure out where everything is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me give you Kate 's phone number .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You can just leave a message .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "two one , two one two uh-huh . two two six uh-huh . O one two five .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [52, 53]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll do that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %uh ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "apparently like at Lisa Manachi 's wedding like the whole night people were talking about how bad the black dresses were .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisa Manachi 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "the whole night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like everyone at mom and dad 's table .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Who was at mom and dad 's table ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weirdo", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "just all of Lorraine 's friends . mhm . Who you know of course most of them mom and dad had at least met once before .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorraine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Adele still talks about the black dress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How hideous they were .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adele was n't at Lisa Manachi 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Lisa Manachi 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adele went to the mass wedding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She did ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she wanted me to take her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I refused to go", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she got mad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I said I would not feel comfortable going .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was not invited . mhm . You know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and mom and dad were like well you know a wedding that 's a mass is open to everyone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was like well that 's fine", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I would not feel comfortable going .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that would be obnoxious", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I think they would then feel guilty for not inviting me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To -- -- you know the other thing , the reception .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I just would n't go .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So they had to take it down and drive her home .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So they 're always kind of pissy at me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm . That 's okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean I 've been thinking about it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the black 's not going to be so hot you know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently they were also carrying lillies which is kind of goofy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I guess she did that because someone suggested that to her because you know the lillies the symbol of the virgin Mary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White lillies ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White lillies and black dresses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm , my goodness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's funny .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adele was carrying on that she thought she was at a funeral", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she had to keep reminding herself .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So now you think my wedding 's going to be pretty tasteful right ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now what about the matchbooks ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I 'll work on it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I still think about the matchbooks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll tell dad that you still think about the", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have n't forgotten those", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 'll still be enough time when I come home for me to order those .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll have remind him of that little -- -- item .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%huh how fun- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know I was talking to my friend Heather from Wisconsin the other day --", "entity": [{"entity": "Heather", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- and she 's telling me about you know her sister 's wedding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And at her sister 's wedding %uh , they provided champagne and beer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if you wanted any other kind of drink you had to pay for it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that 's actually kind of common", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but -- oh it is . it 's pretty de classe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I kind of thou- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean of course I did n't say anything to her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know I said as far as I knew we were n't charging people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dad and I went to buy the wine the other day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there were having a sale on the wine dad wanted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you talking to me ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course I 'm talking to you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I can hardly hear you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought you were talking to somebody else and like put the phone down or something .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm talking to you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No dad told me that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh he did tell you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's all Chilean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chilean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walnut Crest or Walnut Creek or -- %mm . -- something like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walnut Crest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Walnut Creek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a pretty good sale . %mm . So now we have to keep our eyes open for a champagne sale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if Jack called Spencer yet ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Spencer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I told him this morning to do it this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he just keeps forgetting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But o-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How 's he doing ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much better .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he 's often chipper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He went for a walk this morning at five seventeen .", "entity": [{"entity": "this morning at five seventeen", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pe-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is that because he 's not sleeping and", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well because he could n't breathe because all the cats were in the bedroom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I think it 's time to give all the cats a bath .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you should do that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a two person job though .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll have to get somebody to help me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm . yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %um , guessed what happened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um The %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Again ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um 118.91_120.82_B: Let 's see ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "two weeks ago", "entity": [{"entity": "two weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know Sue is going to Rhode Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh Right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did she see her mom ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes she did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , %um , which we had already anticipated that it was going to happen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I spoke to her mom on Thursday", "entity": [{"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um and I asked her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said listen", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said %um please come to Shabbat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "things have come to a point where I may have to relinquish my , %uh parenting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh would you mind %uh taking her back", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she said no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said %uh she 'd be more than happy to .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This girl has everything in her dreams you know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it is as my husband says %uh , %uh al kadir the destiny .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selema I 'm telling you ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Selema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it is like Allah has just painted the road", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and all I had to do was get on it and follow it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean things have been happening that has just scared the heck out of me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I told mom", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said mom it is when you believe in Allah , when you have faith and know when you truly give your heart to Allah , only Allah can make the way clear for you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I believe that by her birthday she will be living with her mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "her birthday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mhm mhm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and is she seem like she 's together enough ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she 's in a two year program .", "entity": [{"entity": "two year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's in the program now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's doing very well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When I talked to her I 'm talking to her like I 'm talking to you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wrote her a letter and told her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said I feel like I know you even though I never met you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They seemed surprised that ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean most women you lose your baby that 's it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But almighty God is", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You never even get a chance to see them again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But that 's what she had wrote me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she said it is just awesome to her what is happening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "aw I 've heard of that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So Francis", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Did she say how she felt about what had happened ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we have n't really talked about that", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I 'm planning on making a trip down to visit her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , how does Akina feel ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Akina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she 's , very happy about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very ha-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well did she come home and say I saw her , I look like her or what ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we talked on the phone", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you know she talked about %um her sisters you know and things", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 've spent the night with her sisters and things", "entity": [{"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %um it 's just been quite interesting although when she was in Rhode Island she was very disruptive , %um down there and really caused Francis a lot of stress", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %um Francis was very worried about me because she came home two weeks before you know %um because she just was acting like a total nigger child .", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "uh-oh !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hope the research did n't hear that !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wait", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alita I 'm telling you nobody can handle her but you , okay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And %um ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but she was very concerned about me and everything %um because %um the child had told some lies about me and about you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh 296.72_297.91_A: oh no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And about", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh yeah mhm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh goodness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That we were abusing ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that %um you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she did some %eh ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it was very , very bad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My daughter - in - law Barbara got on her case real serious yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Told her that she could n't talk to Jasmine play with Jasmine because she said she hurt Jasmine 's Jetta you know", "entity": [{"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Jetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she said that if it was n't for Jetta you know Jasmine 's daddy would n't be", "entity": [{"entity": "Jetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh she 'd", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh man %uh it was", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "aw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know that has always been very scary to me even after .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said to Mark oh my god . What 's she going to say", "entity": [{"entity": "Mark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "because I knew what she would do if I took her somewhere you know what she would say", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know in the climate of today , Yes . people saying something like that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That well ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know that 's", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Francis was very concerned in reference to you know she was in school and things", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she was very , very concerned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alita she said this little girl has a serious problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She wrote me a letter mhm . you know about her needing a lot of love , a lot of %um help and different things like this ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but you know you 've heard the saying I 'm sure from your grandmother", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the sins of your parents will be waged back at you , %hm . you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um and again my husband said we were going to give it a month , you know and said he was even going to have to sheik pray over her , you know for the jen .", "entity": [{"entity": "a month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , I mean , we 're d- , you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I think we 're still going to be doing that", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I think he 's at a point now where he 's reserved us of that %um , you know that she may end up going %um to %uh t-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh well the thing is your whole life has been around her mhm . more or less", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mhm . mhm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean it is you know I mean absorbed", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is , you know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mhm %mm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you know , I mean", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this is a lousy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh I truly believe that **Salem**", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you think she 'll be better with her mother ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have no idea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I really have no idea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , but you know the ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if this does happen and I do believe it may happen , %um you know we will have an agreement , she and I , you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um she will become the legal guardian and that %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh you know I just want her to understand everything that has happened in the last several years yeah . and things like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last several years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She needs to be clear about that because this child wo n't be like the other two .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh %eh You know , %um Well , she said that she was .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andre said that she was .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was like her two daughters ,", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they had the same , maybe just", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "problems and different ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she has n't been with her children for ten years .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her , or her two girls .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%ah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they 're twelve and ,", "entity": [{"entity": "twelve", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "no they 're nine and thirteen or something like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "thirteen", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yup ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but she 's working very hard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's trying to become a counselor in this drug program , and things", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she sounds like she 's really trying hard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I just believe it 's you know time , you know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and , who would have ever thought it though ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know what I mean ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does she know that you 're Muslim ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yup", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um So that 's been my most interesting things in the last three weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last three weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh that 's some deep ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that 's just too deep .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Been very , very , very , heavy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "like mom said she said even if it was going to be in September , she said the little things I can tolerate you know if that happens you know .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you know I always worried", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know even after you left I said , I just hope Arlita knows that you know I tried my best you know", "entity": [{"entity": "Arlita", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Everybody has to keep them , Selema , everybody , everybody You know ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Selema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I told her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said you know it 's a shame that you ca n't go no place and I can get a good report on you you know , %um , and by her going to Francis and things , and Francis seeing for herself ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she was like whoa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did Francis feel she had changed a lot ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh yes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "t- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , mhm , mhm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , %um , but you know I feel very at peace about everything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I feel very at peace you know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 's good to hear from Francis who 's had a lot of child-", "entity": [{"entity": "Francis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over six hundred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Over six hundred", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over six hundred foster children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Over six hundred", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know she would 've seen it all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She called mom to talk to mom", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "let 's see she bought ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I met her in Albany", "entity": [{"entity": "Albany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she bought her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um she caught ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that was on Friday last Friday", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday last Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she called mom Monday And talked to mom for two hours", "entity": [{"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "two hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She talked to mom here in Rochester .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rochester", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh you 're kidding", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was sick up in Syracuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syracuse", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She talked to mom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "something must 've been on her mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she told mom", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she said she was so concerned that this little girl was going to just get out here cause I was n't going to send back to the school , the Muslim school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Muslim", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she was just really concerned about you know everything . mhm you know . What the possibilities of like", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yep .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well you know or luck making a way and making it at ease for you to", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well you know why Allah is doing this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm going to tell you why", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "because my daughter - in - law is pregnant again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh no !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said she was going to call you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%ah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said well you call Selema", "entity": [{"entity": "Selema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you tell her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said oh and I do n't have your number in my other phonebook I said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I said you just call her and tell her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yup she sure is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh my goodness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goodness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wait ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wait ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did they do like %uh the same thing they had to do last time ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know what ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That same thing happened to Aliah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had to take all that stuff the first time", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but then the second time", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nope .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "j- , j- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh , and mom said ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean Jasmine was about two months old", "entity": [{"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "two months old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mom said oh goodness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh , I mean cause Jasmine is not nowhere like my other little babies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is not cuddly sweet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm , %mm , no w-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She do n't have time for that %uh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She does not sit still or lay still for you to change her Pampers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pampers", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This little girl moves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean you lay her down on the bed", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she gets up", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she runs from ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "well she does n't run", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but she crawls real fast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she has t- aw", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you 're like okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she 's not a cuddly sweet little thing ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she climbs up the stairs , Selema .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selema", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's seven months old", "entity": [{"entity": "seven months old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she 's climbing up the stairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Climbs down the stairs", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and mom said so we found out ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did we find out Barbara was pregnant ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last week , we found out", "entity": [{"entity": "Last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and mom told her", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mom said , Barbara , Jasmine is just moving", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Jasmine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she 's moving out the way too quickly", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she just was not a little sweet little cuddly you know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "no way", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh lay there let me look at my grandmother kind of thing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No no way", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "not one bit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh oh Amway is probably going to have a rule though I could just", "entity": [{"entity": "Amway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , how are you guys ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How is Chris", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and how are you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well pretty well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chris is not here at the moment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's been away with her class oh . up around Blandenburg for about two weeks on a , what they call Feldmessen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blandenburg", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "about two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feldmessen is , %um , surveying .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh , so she 's been away for two weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's coming back tonight .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we 're looking forward to that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , I 'm sorry we 're going to miss her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh gosh . I bet you 're getting lonely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "well . Claudia 's been here", "entity": [{"entity": "Claudia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we 've been doing okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I 'm actually waiting for Claudia to show up because we were supposed to go into town and meet some people in town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Claudia", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 've got a student here who 's checking out rooms and stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's coming in the fall ,", "entity": [{"entity": "fall", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but she was in a place called Taiwa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know Tufts yeah . sent her to Taiwa", "entity": [{"entity": "Tufts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had friends there . She did a course in Taiwa", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then she came over here , and %um , checked out a room here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so it 's", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the end semester is still going .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course it ends on the twenty second of July .", "entity": [{"entity": "the twenty second of July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , %uh oh , yeah . things are busy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "gosh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You still got another month .", "entity": [{"entity": "month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then , are you coming over to the States at all this summer ?", "entity": [{"entity": "States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "this summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , no . %uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not even Chris ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , no , no . %uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not enough relatives left here anymore ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well the relative scene is kind of sad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know everybody 's kind of passed away , almost .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I remember when I talked to you in the fall yeah . yeah . that %uh", "entity": [{"entity": "the fall", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just about", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh did your sister die ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My sister passed away ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know if you spoke to me before that or when it was that was happening . Or", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I guess not", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When was it ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may have been right after .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My father died right after we talked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh god .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 're getting old .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , it 's ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know what it is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just , %uh , people get sick ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they get sick pretty young ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you know my sister was n't that old", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she just had bad luck I guess is all you can say .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm going to put you on after fifteen minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fifteen minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 've got to", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there was n't anything anybody could do .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then an aunt of Chris 's Aunt Mamie up in Maine passed away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Mamie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that had n't happ- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "had that happened already ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No that had not happened , no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She passed away in about March or", "entity": [{"entity": "about March", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah , I think that there was some concern about her when I talked to you in September or October .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , she was not doing well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had a brain tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then they operated on", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and things were n't going well ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I actually got to see her I guess a day before she died .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean she did n't know that I was there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if that was you , yeah . yeah , she was just not in", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it was a blessing , I guess .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , %um .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyway , weird stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And how about you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because , I r-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh I 'm han-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how are your eyes ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have to go next week you know to see again .", "entity": [{"entity": "next week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I , %um , not exactly convinced that . It 's okay . You know ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not sure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh , it 's been pretty good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was about eighty percent for a while .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then %um , I 'm not exactly sure what it is now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I 'll know in a couple of days .", "entity": [{"entity": "a couple of days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So are you having blurred vision ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh yeah , yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The right eye is %uh , not so great .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , and it got back to about eighty percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "about eighty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know it was a detached retina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then they operated on it once ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they operated on it twice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , then things seemed to be doing pretty well ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and at the moment I 'm %um , not quite so sure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , who knows . %um .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you know it 'll never be more than about seventy or eighty percent . Which is fine .", "entity": [{"entity": "about seventy or eighty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [39, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty percent is fantastic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eighty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we 'll just see . You know", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%hm . we 'll see what happens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frustrating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh , yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annoying .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that thing that came up recently , , you know I had , oh , a kind of a knee problem a couple of years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "a couple of years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And my right knee ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and now it 's my left knee .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know , it 's just a pain in the ass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And yeah . %um , I went to the doctor", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they do a Punktion . Ich weiss nicht wer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyway they take , %uh fluid out of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if it gets irritated take some pills and stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , it 's just a pain in the ass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it 's just , l- .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is that like water on the knee ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is that what that is ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , well that 's what happens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It develops because of irritation , because of a %um , inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is that from the running ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And how the inflammation d-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "maybe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean they do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They do n't", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It just came overnight practically .", "entity": [{"entity": "overnight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , and %uh , we 'd been up in Berlin", "entity": [{"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we had a big trip up there and did a lot of walking , a lot of fast walking and stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you know , I mean that mhm . should n't be a big deal . %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was this last crop of **Tuftees** good ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Was your last crop of students from Tufts good ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tufts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How 's that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "well they 're still here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but they 're winding down , so you know them really well by this point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're winding down .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they 're very good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they learned a lot of German .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They learned an amazing amount of German .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before I forget , I saw George Silinas a couple of days ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Silinas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "a couple of days ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh . How 's he doing ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he 's had", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well he 's working for an American firm over here ,", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he 's doing very very well . %um ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and his wife just had their fourth child .", "entity": [{"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A little boy . Benjamin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benjamin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , about , %uh , two weeks ago maybe .", "entity": [{"entity": "about , %uh , two weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%huh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tops .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I got a card from ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you remember Amy Gleason ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Amy Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well she just had a baby a couple of", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "heard that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well this is number two .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I just got a card from Ron and Doris ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Doris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they see Amy Gleason on occasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amy Gleason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so I think they told me that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have you heard from Ron and Doris ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "Doris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not in a while , no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are now living in Rhode Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You probably knew that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well . yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she 's teaching at U R I .", "entity": [{"entity": "U R I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it was a very nice letter , because it sounded like she went through very similar things that I did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , I went from Chicago to U C S G to here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "U C S G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's just such an intellectual letdown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she went from Penn , %um To Columbia . to Columbia to U R I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "U R I", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well Columbia 's okay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she said the students are just ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know , they do n't care ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 're not very good ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and all of a sudden she 's getting conference papers rejected", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she thinks it 's the affiliation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because she does n't think the quality of her work has changed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now I have n't submitted a conference paper with the Missouri %um , you know , affiliation yet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Missouri", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the last one I submitted , %um , was in the fall ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I still had my San Diego affiliation .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , in fact I 'm still officially on leave .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If anything came up in the next year we could still go back . uh-huh . %uh you know , for Sam .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Sam", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think it 's very very very very yeah . unlikely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But at any rate it was nice to hear from her because she said after two years there now , she %um has come to terms with this ,", "entity": [{"entity": "after two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and yeah . she 's accepted that there 's a lot of good things in Rhode Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhode Island", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , %um , you know , their life is a lot less complicated ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and she has more time to be a parent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she 's just not going to have the same kind of career that she had thought about .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ron is working as a financial consultant for , %um , Meryl Lynch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Meryl Lynch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah , he had been doing work for some environmental firm , as a consultant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , it did n't work out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um He was changing projects every couple of weeks", "entity": [{"entity": "every couple of weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he said he could n't keep on top of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He could n't learn the whole new area %mm . that fast each time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , and he says he went in and had some tests ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he was diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which you know , given how far he 's gotten , you know , he got his degree at Tufts and all , I found that surprising that for the first time as an adult they 're diagnosing this . %um", "entity": [{"entity": "Tufts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%mm . I wonder about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But anyway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but that 's what he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whatever 's helpful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So he found this new job as a financial consultant and seems to be happy with that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And then we saw Leo and Julie at Christmas time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "Julie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they 're doing great .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , they had just moved to He 's in New York now , right ? a really nice house in Westchester .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Westchester", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah , Good . an older home that you know Julie is of course carving up and making beautiful . %um", "entity": [{"entity": "Julie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now she had a job with an architectural group when she first got out to New York ,", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and that did n't work out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said they had her doing things that she really was n't qualified to do %ah . and that she really did n't feel competent doing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , they mutually agreed that she should leave .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so she was looking for another job .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , %um , I 'm sure she 'll find one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's so talented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She may have found one by now . %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amazing ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and so we met , %um , %uh Adrian , their kid , who was three uh-huh . and just a really lovely little boy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "right", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's so big .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , , Leo 's big . You know ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he 's got Leo 's genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And %uh Ron and Doris sent us a picture of theirs", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Doris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he has Ron 's expressions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He really looks like Ron .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh that 's life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , and he looked really big too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this picture , he 's three and a half .", "entity": [{"entity": "three and a half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , but Leo and Julie just seemed , %um sort of happy with the decisions they 've made .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Julie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , like every", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "now is he with a publishing house now ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which one is he with .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes which one %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I can", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's one of these sort of universi- the public university book stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It might be Hard Core Brace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hard Core Brace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have two friends in publishing .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may be the other one that just took the job with Hard Core Brace", "entity": [{"entity": "Hard Core Brace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't remember which one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyway , he 's enjoying it and liking it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 're doing okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "he seems to feel really like he 's doing the right thing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he is Great still in academic publishing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My other friend just moved to trade publishing after years in academic publishing", "entity": [{"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and mhm %um you know . It feels like maybe she made a compromise", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but it 's like three times the money as with everything else", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wow wow", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "industry and academics %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terrible", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah it 's amazing", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %um You know ages ago I got a card from Liz Gana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liz Gana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I told you this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "because %uh you showed us her picture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crazy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um and I keep thinking maybe I 'd get in touch", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I have n't done it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then I saw in the %um Tufts thing that Ginny Totta you know in the alumni thing is living in the", "entity": [{"entity": "Tufts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Ginny Totta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , anyway , how are you doing these days ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Things are going very well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think I had mentioned before %uh , that there 's a company now that I 'm working with %um , %uh , which is very much just myself and Guss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guss", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , you had n't mentioned that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh , oh , okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "okay , so %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%eh you told me that you were leaving the company that you were at ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you were entertaining offers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , %uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "well it seemed to make sense since I had a client to just kind of set up my own company , of sorts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um oh . So things are going extremely well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I had one client who said that he 'd pay me a minimum amount .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , he , %uh ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "there would be a minimum amount of work , of about %uh , a day a week for the next two three years . mhm . Which is sufficient to pay all my bills then", "entity": [{"entity": "the next two three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so I decided that it would make sense to do this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um and , %um , I 've been getting substantially more work than then .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I 'm quite pleased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well that 's good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , so I have a bunch of %uh work that I need to do on my flat this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 've been telling you that I needed to do that roof atrium for quite some time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , %uh , it should come out this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , well that 's good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should be done in a few months .", "entity": [{"entity": "a few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I remember So you talking a little bit about it at one point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you have no intentions of coming over this way any time soon ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um . I do n't see the finances occurring uh-huh , right . for a while .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , actually right at the moment finances are not going real well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %ah well . I am working on that one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just But %um %uh , %uh , the main reason for that is I had not really anticipated a few expenses that recently came up %ah . %uh , related to a couple of burglaries that I had .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , harsh . Harsh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not a whole lot I can do about that now .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed . Indeed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have to deal with the situation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So that 's what I 'm doing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sounds good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %um Anyway , %uh One of the main reasons that I 've been such a pathetic , %uh , correspondent has been work .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 've actually been doing a lot of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh wow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And %uh , I turned in my Master 's thesis back in May ,", "entity": [{"entity": "May", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I 'm actually presently working on , %um , several , %uh , articles oh , okay . Impressive . from it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "actually it turns out that one thing , one little bit in what I was doing , %uh , is going to turn out to be very important in the end . %uh , from what I had been reading in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You see the one very annoying thing about all of this , was my advisor has been in France for a year and a half .", "entity": [{"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "a year and a half", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And this made writing my thesis very annoying because you know there was n't much discussion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , %um Anyway , I had been kind of telling him that , you know , from my reading of the literature , I thought that this one little alteration I had made in my model was kind of clever and unique .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it made the one type of solution occur , which was seen experimentally ,", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but none of the other models %uh , had ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm looking at , %um , multi mode lasers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And one of the things that they find experimentally are what they call anti phased , %uh , states , where if you look at the total intensity uh-huh . of the laser , you get an oscillation which is characterized by one frequency .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if you separate out the different modes of the laser mhm . and look at one of those , you get more than one frequency .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So what 's happening is that the modes are oscillating out of phase so that they completely mask each other 's Exactly . %hm . oscillations on these other frequencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And %uh With a pretty simple model you can find that frequency in a transient ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but you ca n't find that frequency in a driven , %uh , frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You ca n't find so that it will sustain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So yeah , that particular frequency according to most models damps out very quickly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so you should n't actually really be able to ever see it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only thing is , that , when you do the experiment you see it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Got it ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "got it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , %um , I found a simple modification of the original formula , which unfortunately makes the solutions horrendously nasty . And in most cases , %uh , insoluble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But yeah . it gives a driving term .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , it actually creates a situation where you get the right sort of answer , you just ca n't always write it down very easily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so you 're pushing forward the bounds of theoretical laser , %uh , whatever it is science .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which , %um , is kind of interesting considering that that 's not really my thing . . Indeed . Indeed . being an experimentalist , not a theorist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um Indeed . oh wow . oh , impressive . But", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so are you going to get an article in Nature or something ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , actually , I 'm not sure if we 're shooting for op- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think Optics Letters is probably the one that we 're shooting for , or else , perhaps , though I do n't think it 's quite that significant , would be Phys Rev Letters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optics Letters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Phys Rev Letters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , %uh , we want to write a letter , and then a couple articles .", "entity": [{"entity": "a couple", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%hm . impressive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I do n't know how much you know about scientific literature ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but letters are much more prestigious than , articles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , I did n't realize that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so that 's why it 's actually a big deal is", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean , you know , writing a couple of articles based on your Master 's thesis , is , not at all unusual in Physics", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and yeah . %uh , it 's the fact that I would be writing a letter that is the impressive part of it all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what 's actually kind of interesting is I kept telling Neil that I thought that this was kind of significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Neil kept writing back that I should tone this part of the thesis down that You know , people see the anti phased motion ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's true", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they do in the transients", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I was having a lot of trouble getting across to him that all of the literature has this frequency in the transients Yes . %eh and not driven .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , %uh , what happened was after I had turned in my thesis but before I saw Neil again , he went to a conference in Rochester and there this was a big issue among the people who were doing this work , was , that their models could n't show this as a driven frequency ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "Rochester", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yet their experiments showed it as a driven frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh cool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and so Neil then -- Said oh just a second I -- like a week later came to Bryn Mawr", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "a week later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Bryn Mawr", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and he said , hey Lowell , we got to write this up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lowell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I was like , well I 've been telling you that Neil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So Cool . Cool . that 's mostly the sort of stuff that I 'm spending a lot of time on now . %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well it 'll look good on your C V , your resume .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so you might as well spend the time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , well ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh , no , it 's definitely worth doing . %um ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I would have been spending more time on it if it were n't for %uh dealing with the burglary issues oh yeah but that I 've been dealing with .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So are you still living in that house in the middle of the park .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah , okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean the thing that i-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this place is incredibly easy to break into if you want to .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not a question of whether or not , %uh you know , that was easy ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it was just that no one really knew it was worth breaking into .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so the problem is that now they found out that it 's worth breaking into .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And unfortunately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , it 's kind of odd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 've stolen very weird things for the most part .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "as far", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "as a .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first time they broke in , what they stole was just bizarre ,", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mostly worthless stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , %uh %huh the most worthwhile thing as far as monetary value went that they stole was the pre-amplifier of my stereo . Unfortunately , because it 's a nice pre-amplifier ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it has an off board power supply which they did n't steal , which makes the thing that they **stoled** absolutely worthless .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's bizarre . Bizarre .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so when they broke in the second time did they steal the %uh offboard amplifier ?", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , no ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "all they stole the second time was my bike .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which was actually where the major problem came . Exactly . Exactly . yeah . Is that I suddenly had no transportation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so , I then had to go bike hunting and eventually get another bike ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %mm . that cost me a lot of time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yes", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spending a lot of time hunting for bikes , and nah well . then getting one purchased , and then having to , you know , go get it and things like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , that 's dealt with at least .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so %uh , that 's yeah at least dealt with .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now I just have to work on the financial aspects of all of this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But yeah . yeah .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least Well that would make sense during the summer %uh according to the stipulations of my fellowship , I can actually earn money during the summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "the summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %uh , yeah ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's still a fairly expensive call", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh but it 's a lot less expensive if we do it that way than if we actually make my parents in law pay it ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "then it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the Dutch have such high taxes on those", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "they consider it a luxury to call around the world", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so they tax it really high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anyway %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you guys will be in either the eighteenth or the nineteenth", "entity": [{"entity": "the eighteenth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "the nineteenth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and you 're going to go to %uh Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I would say is once you 're at a hotel uh-huh %um , why do n't you call me at work and let me know where you are ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then we can make arrangements that day %um , that I can meet you in Amsterdam .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And maybe I 'll come by , public transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's probably easier for me to come by public transport in Amsterdam than it is for me to come by car to be honest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The streets are small", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and there 's no parking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I probably will come by public transport", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I do n't know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll see where you 're staying", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and there 's a lot more for you guys if you want to see stuff", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you can see stuff in Amsterdam", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %uh since the days are really long ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean it stays light here till about ten thirty eleven o'clock mhm . at night .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten thirty", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "eleven o'clock", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "at night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So if you want we can take a ride and go see stuff at night", "entity": [{"entity": "at night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I can take you to some places ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we can %uh go see some stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , depends on what you guys want to see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you guys should pick out the things you want to see and let me know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "okay", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um and I 'll sit and talk with Anya about some things that maybe we think that it would be neat for you to see .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So if you do n't have any ideas we 'll just put something together for you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um but yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but I can pick you up th- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you know I 'll probably be there some time around six", "entity": [{"entity": "around six", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and we can like do a quick dinner or something yeah and go see whatever you want to see ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if you want to stay in Amsterdam that 's fine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amsterdam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you want to go %uh off into the countryside somewhere and see a little bit of , echte Holland , real Holland and we can do that too .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually I 've been up to Holland before .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spent about two weeks up there .", "entity": [{"entity": "about two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So %um ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but that was years and years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "years and years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With your parents when your father was stationed over here , right ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we got to see Den Haag and places like that too which we 're obviously not going to see this time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Den Haag", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has Kim been here before ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , an-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then again I 'm not sure that Kim would be interested in seeing Shape Headquarters and you know all that kind of stuff . those military things .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Shape Headquarters", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Would you be interested in seeing Shape Headquarters again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shape Headquarters", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No . Not really .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I did n't think so .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somehow I had this feeling that the military taste had been beaten out of you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the mil- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I ca n't say too bad things about the military though .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They still have my goods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and they 'll probably hold them hostage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they own my body and soul for like another four years", "entity": [{"entity": "another four years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so I just got to pray that they", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh do they ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I owe four years in active reserve time .", "entity": [{"entity": "four years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "aw great .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do they do that to everyone ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milo , get out of there", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah -- -- %eh everyone %uh who has n't been like you were", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you went through like the thirty six two process .", "entity": [{"entity": "thirty six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you do n't have it", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but yeah if you just separate normally and you have n't served at least eight years , then you owe it .", "entity": [{"entity": "at least eight years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And that 's one of those things they just never tell you up front .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They never said anything", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I figured there was something like that because", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I was in the inactive reserves the entire time I was in college too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean that 's the military .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have my discharge papers and everything", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I 've said that yeah I will give a urine sample or a blood sample if they call me back for those , but they 're going to have to pay my trip back to the states . because there 's no bases in Holland and I 'm not going to pay out of my own expenses to go to Germany or something for them .", "entity": [{"entity": "the states", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [195, 202]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [261, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If they want me they can pay ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bring me back active duty and pay me for the day if they 're going to drag me off somewhere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But %uh , first they have to find me .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yeah , that 's the other", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it was i- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if you 're in another country I mean and you 're not planning on coming back to the U S what are they going to do even if you do n't .", "entity": [{"entity": "the U S", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well I mean I 'm still American citizen", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I still would like to be welcome in my own country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although g-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh I mean if they denied my citizenship and I became a citizen here I probably would n't be a horror either ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but %uh yeah", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "right now I mean I do want to keep my American citizenship", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I kind of want to", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you going to become a dual citizen ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What 's that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you going to try and become a dual citizen ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have dual citizenship ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You ca n't do that ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%um , the only way to be a dual citizen is if you 're born in a foreign country", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "like if I were born in Holland and then had American parents . Then I could be a dual citizen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But you ca n't", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If I would to ask to become a citizen in Holland I would automatically lose my American citizenship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As far as the Americans are concerned , yeah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dutch could care less .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dutch would say fine", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "want to be a dual citizen ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that 's fine ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but the Americans as soon as you ask for another citizenship that act of asking for it takes away your American citizenship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean it 's kind of stupid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I 'm an expatriot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An American expatriot .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An American living abroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I still have to file a tax return .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But my first seventy five thousand dollars worth of income is tax free .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "seventy five thousand dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [13, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good grief .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As long as I do n't bring it back to the states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I R S for you , %huh ?", "entity": [{"entity": "I R S", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh they want their share .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They want their piece of meat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But all foreign taxes are deductible ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and my taxes here are fifty percent of income .", "entity": [{"entity": "fifty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the taxes here are so much higher that , yeah I would never have to worry about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unless you became C E O of the company then maybe like a thousand dollars would be taxable , right ?", "entity": [{"entity": "a thousand dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somehow it raises a small amount .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the problem 's going to %uh be Anya 's American salary is taxable here and at fifty percent", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "fifty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so we 're going to owe some money to the Dutch government on her salary .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Dutch government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some amount that has to be deducted a certain amount", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and the amount we pay the American government is deductible ,", "entity": [{"entity": "the American government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but we 'll still owe some taxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Th- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "see I do n't know how it works .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 're going to be in need of some sort of accountant do it cause I have no clue how that all works .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They do n't have the Quicken Dutch version ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Quicken", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%ah , you know I would n't trust it because it 's so complicated with this international garbage or else the Turbo Tax with the Dutch modules . that I just would n't trust it .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Turbo Tax", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know , %eh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So complicated when you 're dealing with a Dutch tax form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anya had to read it", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Anya and her father did n't understand the damn thing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How am I supposed to understand it ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm really looking forward to moving to Oregon and dealing with ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oregon you pay state tax", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Washington you do n't .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm looking forward to that cause %uh", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but You 'll be a student", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so you ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean you 're", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is your income ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oh , well", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "See I think y- , %um ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 'll probably be about five thousand dollars the portion of this year that I 'm in Oregon", "entity": [{"entity": "about five thousand dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [19, 46]}, {"entity": "the portion of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 71]}, {"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then next year it 'll be eleven thousand .", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "eleven thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I mean you 're below the poverty line at that level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I mean any income that y-", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then I 've already made say like fifteen thousand or whatever here in Washington", "entity": [{"entity": "like fifteen thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That should be non taxable out of state income .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but you know it 's not going to be a fun tax return year .", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had that when I went into the military .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had Kans- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had to file three taxes .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I had to file Georgia , Kansas yeah and then my federal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Kansas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , %um actually I think this phone call 's just about to end cause it 's only half an hour ,", "entity": [{"entity": "half an hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but %um", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So let 's see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll give you a call when we arrive in h- ,", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "or maybe I 'll just call you when we get in Holland just to let you know we 're there ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so if we get in the eighteenth or the nineteenth and then call you back %um when we get to a hotel or something like that .", "entity": [{"entity": "the eighteenth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "the nineteenth", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "okay that 's a great idea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "as soon as you get into Holland and get yourself settled you can call me", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and %uh if it 's at night , just call Anya 's parents", "entity": [{"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "okay so", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and remember that if you dial in Holland you need to add a zero", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so like right now okay it 's one eight one zero area code .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you dial in Holland , it 's zero one eight one zero . okay in Holland", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then yeah you can just call up", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if it 's during the work hours , fine , call me at work .", "entity": [{"entity": "the work hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If not , call Anya 's parents if you do n't have a new phone number for me .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if you do , I 'll send it by email okay if I get it before this weekend", "entity": [{"entity": "before this weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we 'll email you something", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "but if you do n't get email then just call Anya 's parents", "entity": [{"entity": "Anya", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If we have a phone by then , they 'll be able to give you the number", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and just remember to ask for her mother .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and it 's Goode , right", "entity": [{"entity": "Goode", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bode", "entity": [{"entity": "Bode", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bode as in abode", "entity": [{"entity": "Bode", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "abode", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "minus the A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "great", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and I think %uh %uh it 's not Frau", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "%uh %ah %uh It 's Mifrau", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's Frau in German", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's Frau", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mhm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and then Dutch it 's Mifrau", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'll probably never remember that", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so hope they wo n't be offended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "nah do n't worry about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You can just call her Missus", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "you can just call her Missus and speak English to her .", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "she understands", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "just talk slowly and clearly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and once you 're in Holland the line will be really clear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Holland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean the phones here are pretty good . once you 're in the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just these to America", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's always kind of iffy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are going to take `` a closer look '' at the great Wind Cave in South Dakota .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wind Cave", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "South Dakota", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No easy matter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know caving is a popular pasttime for some Americans , a horrifying thought for others , especially anyone prone to claustrophobia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We asked Judy Muller if she would like to do the story of a fascinating man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Muller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She took a deep breath and said , okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wild landscape in South Dakota may evoke images of the frontier West , but the real frontier is far beneath .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Dakota", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevation plus 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "11", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The real pioneers are men like John Sheltons who explore underground caves .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Sheltons", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most fascinating is the maze known as Wind Cave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wind Cave", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you find one where no one has been there , you are the first person , the adrenaline is phenomenal .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He first came here as a tourist 30 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "30 years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He offered to map it for the Park Service .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Park Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought would take a week or two .", "entity": [{"entity": "week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's now 30 years down the road .", "entity": [{"entity": "30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm no closer to completing the agreement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cave is seemingly endless .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 miles of the cave have been surveyed , every inch logged by hand , then fed into a computer which plots every nook and cranny .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 miles", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're only representing about 5 % of the known volume that could possibly be here .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "95 % of the cave is unmapped ?", "entity": [{"entity": "95 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first recorded discovery of the cave was in 1881 .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "1881", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cowboy hunting in the area heard the sound of rushing wind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He followed it to this narrow opening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wind was so strong , or so the story goes , that it blew his hat off his head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , many visitors have been drawn into this world of crystals , fossils and calcite formations known as forecast work and popcorn and rarest of all , fox work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each new discovery means heading down another tight , dark hall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your stomach is against the floor and your back is against the wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we crawled along , we found an item left by earlier explorers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 103 - year - old newspaper .", "entity": [{"entity": "103 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [2, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultimate payoff is when they find a new chamber .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The knowledge that our lights are the first to light it up , our footprints were the first , our eyes were first to see it .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He calls it addictive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You get withdrawal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want to find more , something bigger or deeper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He no longer expects to see the end of the cave in his lifetime .", "entity": [{"entity": "lifetime", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That , he says , is just fine with him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judy Muller , ABC News , Wind Cave National Park .", "entity": [{"entity": "Judy Muller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ABC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Wind Cave National Park", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [25, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some camera team as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is other news tonight overseas and at home .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While all this is going on , Mr. Clinton is overseas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton was in Northern Ireland when he heard the Supreme Court decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He talked to Al Gore on the phone from Belfast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Belfast", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is Mr. Clinton 's third visit to Northern Ireland , and the Irish Republic to do what he can to generate a lasting peace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Northern Ireland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "the Irish Republic", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Indonesian billionaire James Riady has agreed to pay $ 8.5 million and plead guilty to illegally donating money for Bill Clinton 's 1992 presidential campaign .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indonesian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "James Riady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "$ 8.5 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He admits he was trying to influence American policy on China .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tomorrow 's summit meeting will bring Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat to the resort city of Sharm El - eikh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Sharm El - eikh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Getting both to attend was not an easy task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last thing President Clinton did today before heading to the Mideast is go to church -- appropriate , perhaps , given the enormity of the task he and his national security team face in the days ahead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Mideast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "the days ahead", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [189, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do have to try to reduce the violee and take a turn back for a period of calmness so that we can move back to a peace process , but even if the violence subsides , Israelis and Palestinians will still have to deal with an open wound -- a scar so long and so deep from these last two weeks , it may be years before there is a real effort at talking peace again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [167, 175]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [180, 192]}, {"entity": "these last two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [271, 291]}, {"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [304, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sides have almost stepped back six years in terms of their statements and attitudes , six years or more -- before the Oslo accords , when the Israelis promised land and the Palestinians promised security .", "entity": [{"entity": "six years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "six years or more", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "the Oslo accords", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today there is only finger pointing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arafat deliberately launched it in order to attract the attention of the world by paying with the blood of his own people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I urge Mr. Barak to lift the siege of Palestinians , to speak to the Palestinians as its neighbors because they are his neighbors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Palestinians clearly face the greatest pressure in this summit , since the Israelis are not the only ones blaming them for the outbreak of violence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think we all know that Arafat is in charge of the Palestinian Authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "the Palestinian Authority", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has the responsibility for controlling the violence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it may not be so easy for Arafat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , thousands of Palestinians are calling for continued fighting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Half of the Palestinian population is under the age of 14 and many have been influenced by military factions like Hamas and Hezbollah -- not by Arafat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "the age of 14", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Hamas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Hezbollah", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you talk about Arafat and the people around him , you have to understand how young this population really is -- how volatile , how close to exploding it really is .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost no one seems optimistic about the future of the Mideast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mideast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's the heartbreak of this region says one State Department official .", "entity": [{"entity": "State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whenever you take a step forward , you are bound to be pushed way back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Martha Raddatz , ABC News , the State Department .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martha Raddatz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ABC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "the State Department", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some overseas news .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barak , who has been forced to call national elections , offered to recognize a Palestinian state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's one very difficult condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There could be no discussion for now about who will have what status in Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinians do n't like it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Bethlehem , where Christians believe Jesus was born , Christmas plans have been scaled back because of the violence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bethlehem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Christians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Jesus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good evening , everyone .", "entity": [{"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We begin tonight with a couple of urgent questions for the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "a couple", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's a man on trial in New York for bombing the American embassy in Kenya two years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Kenya", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FBI says when they questioned him , he told them of another plot to bomb an American ship in Yemen , where the `` USS Cole '' was ultimately attacked .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "the `` USS Cole ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Question one , did the FBI make it clear what the man had told them ?", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Question two , did the Pentagon and the CIA get the message and do nothing about it ?", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's your national correspondent , John M Wethy .", "entity": [{"entity": "John M Wethy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the days after the bombing of the American embassy in Nairobi , Mohammed Al - owhali was arrested by Kenyan authorities and interrogated by the FBI .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Nairobi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Mohammed Al - owhali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "Kenyan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He told the FBI he participated in the attack under direction of terrorist leader Osama Bin Laden .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Osama Bin Laden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABC News has learned he also provided details of a plan to attack an American warship in Yemen .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Al - owhali said it would be a rocket attack , conducted by a Bin Laden terrorist cell , and it would come in the next few months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - owhali", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Bin Laden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next morning , August 1998 , the FBI sent out a classified message , under Director Louis Freeh 's name , warning of a plot to attack a U.S. Navy ship in Yemen .", "entity": [{"entity": "The next morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "August 1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Louis Freeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "U.S. Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FBI message went to three Pentagon agencies , and as a result , the visit of one American warship to Yemen was canceled .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The warning came as General Anthony Zinni was finalizing an agreement for refueling ships in the Yemeni port of Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthony Zinni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It apparently left no lasting impression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinni testifying after the attack on the `` USS Cole '' -- Aden never had a specific terrorist threat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinni", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the `` USS Cole ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the other ports that have been mentioned here that we should have considered as options have had specific threats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So what happened to the FBI warning ?", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIA officials say they never received it .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FBI officials say they did copy the CIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pentagon officials say they got the warning , but had no idea the source was such a well - connected insider within Bin Laden 's organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Bin Laden 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This raises a fundamental question -- if the message had been more clearly communicated and understood , would American lives have been saved ?", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John M Wethy , ABC News , the Pentagon , still looking for answers .", "entity": [{"entity": "John M Wethy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ABC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Back to the Middle East tonight .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [8, 23]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the truce brokered by President Clinton between Israelis and Palestinians allegedly is in tatters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinians now talking about a battle for independence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel says it may abandon the peace negotiations altogether .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine Palestinians were killed today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 70 people have been wounded , mostly Palestinians , but also several Israeli soldiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "More than 70", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABC 's Bob Woodruff is in the Palestinian territories tonight .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Bob Woodruff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Violence ripped through almost every major Palestinian town today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The worst was in Nablus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nablus", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four Palestinians were shot and killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ramallah , thousands of Palestinians rushed the Israeli checkpoint , then faced down Israeli guns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ramallah", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Hebron to Gaza , the wounded were carried off so fast it was difficult to count them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hebron", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Gaza", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As is so often the case , much of the trouble started with funerals that escalated into fury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most significant , demonstrators who had been throwing stones this week , today turned to gasoline bombs .", "entity": [{"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israelis who had been firing rubber bullets stepped up their use of real ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was supposed to be the day the truce went into effect , when both sides would call off the violence , but that clearly has not happened , and here in the streets , peace seems very unlikely .", "entity": [{"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonight on Israeli television , Prime Minister Barak said we can not go on as if nothing happened , and if the demonstrations do n't stop , Barak 's spokesman said Israel will continue to use live ammunition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They leave no other way for us but to respond with fire , we 'll have to do this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinian leaders said their people no longer want a cease - fire , they want their own country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are under occupation and subjugation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The question should be what the Hosni Mubarak are they still doing there eight years after the peace process began .", "entity": [{"entity": "eight years after", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one of the major questions that was supposed to be addressed after the stoning and shooting had stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It certainly has not stopped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Woodruff , ABC News , Ramallah .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Woodruff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ABC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Ramallah", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the other major story out of the Middle East , Arab Foreign Ministers met today in Cairo in advance of Saturday 's Arab 's summit .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egypt called the emergency summit to declare support for the Palestinians in the wake of three weeks of violence that has left at least 106 people dead , almost all of them Palestinian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "three weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "at least 106", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Violence has abated somewhat since the deal was struck at Sharm el - Sheikh two days ago , but Arab governments are under pressure from their own citizens to take a tough stance against Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharm el - Sheikh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "two days ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [186, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James Drummond , covering the Arab summit in Cairo for the Financial Times .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Drummond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "the Financial Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James , there 's a reason why the Arabs wanted this pre-summit meeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Arabs", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is the pressure on them prior to the summit ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I think they want to try and iron out any potential difficulties before the heads of state come into town on Saturday and Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So this is a preparatory exercise to reach some sort of agreement beforehand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , the problem is that not all Arab states are speaking again with one voice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What do they hope to achieve ? and what can you claim from the statements made today ?", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is difficult to say , Arab 's summit have traditionally been exercises in division .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have already seen problems from Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi on Tuesday who appeared on Al - Jazeera , the pan-Arab satellite channel , and , rubbish , what he said was a draft statement for the end of the summit on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libyan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Muammar Gaddafi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Al - Jazeera", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "pan-Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [220, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he was very categorical that it was too weak and did not harm Israeli interests sufficiently .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So we have Gadafi on the one hand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gadafi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand we have Egypt which was the first Arab country to make peace with the Jewish state , which is of course also a top recipient of US aid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is more of a voice of moderation against the other side .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egyptian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Hosni Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tell us about what he has been saying .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Mr. Mubarak has been , as you say , a voice of moderation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has invested an awful amount in the peace with Israel , and really he can not afford to let it fail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have seen some more power techniques perhaps from his Foreign Minister Amre Moussa over the last few weeks , but Amre Moussa today at the Foreign Minister 's meeting was calling simply for the return of East Jerusalem to the Palestinians , in stark contrast to Syrian Foreign Minister Faruq al - Shara who was pulling for a complete cut in diplomatic relations between Israel and the two Arab states that happen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amre Moussa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "the last few weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "Amre Moussa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "East Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [228, 240]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [264, 270]}, {"entity": "Faruq al - Shara", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [288, 304]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [372, 378]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [387, 390]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [391, 395]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So Egypt is playing a calming role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will not want to see anything too strong coming out of this summit due to end on Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What seemed to be the prevailing voices at this point ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are certainly calls for war against Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is there much support for that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , actually President Mubarak was very categorical today in condemning calls for war , which he said were very serious and people should understand the implications of just what it meant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egypt and Jordan do not want to see any sort of conventional war against Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have both invested enormous amounts in it , and both regimes would be more vulnerable if the peace process were to fail , because detractors and opponents within each country would have ammunition by which to fire at them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How much is the United States entering into the conversation and how much pressure seems to be coming from the United States ?", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well today not too much .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean Madeleine Albright was in Saudi Arabia yesterday where she met with crown prince Abdullah and the new Syrian President Bashar Al - Assad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madeleine Albright", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Abdullah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Bashar Al - Assad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly enough she is quoted as telling General Sanholi back to the US that she did not really get too much of a reception from Bashar Al - Assad in terms of lightening the traditionally antagonistic Syrian align towards Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanholi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Bashar Al - Assad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 151]}, {"entity": "Syrian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [206, 212]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [227, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , the fact that she did meet with Bashar Al - Assad and it was n't Saudi Arabia which is traditionally being more dovish and has supported US policy , it is significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bashar Al - Assad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [151, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , as of today , I would say certainly on the surface there has been little US action .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , thank you very much for the update .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James Drummond , correspondent for the Financial Times of London speaking to us from Cairo .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Drummond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "the Financial Times of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 64]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you James .", "entity": [{"entity": "James", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former U.S. representative Sidney Yates has died .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Sidney Yates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When he retired last year , he was the oldest and longest serving member of the house .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NPR 's Sheryl Corley reports from Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Sheryl Corley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sidney Yates was first elected to the U.S. house in 1948 , when Harry Truman was President and for more than 4 decades he trounced every challenger to face him in congressional election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sidney Yates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "1948", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Harry Truman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "more than 4 decades", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He sat out 1 term after losing a U.S Senate race in the 1960s , but for 24 terms , Yates represented Chicago 's northern lake front and northern suburbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 12]}, {"entity": "U.S Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "the 1960s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "24", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Yates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The congressman was known as a fervent liberal and supporter of the arts and he was noted for his success in getting congress to finance for national endowment for the art .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1993 , Yates was awarded a Presidential Citizen 's Medal for his efforts .", "entity": [{"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Yates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "a Presidential Citizen 's Medal", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [28, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yates was born in Chicago and he was one of the few politicians who successfully walked the tight rope between the Chicago machine and its independent critics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yates", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He died yesterday of renal failure and complications from pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sheryl Corley , NPR news , Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sheryl Corley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "NPR news", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China released a government policy paper today about population and development .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper said Beijing hopes to cap its population at 1.6 billion by the year 2050 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "1.6 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "the year 2050", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NPR 's Rob Gifford reports from the Chinese capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Rob Gifford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese government today credited the one child policy with dramatically improving the quality of life for citizens of the world 's most populous nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's population currently stands at 1.26 billion , still the largest in the world , but the paper says that if it were n't for the one child policy that figure would be 300 million higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "1.26 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "300 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The white paper says the economy still faces a daunting challenge coping with the net annual increase of 10 million people over the next decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , it says , China will grapple with problems associated with a rapidly aging population and lack of an extensive social security system .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rob Gifford , NPR News , Beijing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rob Gifford", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "NPR News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Haiti , Jean - Bertrand Aristide has been declared the winner in last Sunday 's controversial presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Jean - Bertrand Aristide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 35]}, {"entity": "last Sunday 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NPR 's Jerry Hadden reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPR", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Jerry Hadden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former President Aristide won with 92 percent of the vote according to Haitian election officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "92 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Haitian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sweeping victory was expected since Aristide ran virtually unopposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opposition candidates boycotted the vote citing tainted legislative elections last May .", "entity": [{"entity": "last May", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aristide was elected President for the first time ten years ago and served just months before a military coup sent him into exile in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "ten years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "just months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He now faces huge obstacles as Haiti 's leader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His country is the poorest in the hemisphere and much of the world community has shunned him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Wednesday UN Secretary General Kofi Annan called on his organization to close its mission in Haiti citing the unstable political climate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "Kofi Annan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though a spate of pre-election violence kept some Haitians away from the polls on Sunday , the voting itself went relatively smoothly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haitians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerry Hadden , NPR News .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Hadden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "NPR News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is The World .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I am Tony Kahn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony Kahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gao Xingjian arrived in Stockholm this week and when he leaves the Chinese born writer will have something extra in his suitcase , the Nobel Prize for Literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gao Xingjian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Stockholm", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "the Nobel Prize for Literature", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [131, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today Gao , who now lives in France , gave the traditional Nobel lecture as part of the festivities leading up to Sunday 's ceremony , and on the same day he collects the prize .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Nobel", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gao 's 1989 novel ` Soul Mountain ' will be published for the first time in America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "` Soul Mountain '", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you want to know what Gao Xingjian is all about , as a thinker and as an artist , our international book critic Christopher Meryl says Gao 's masterpiece is an ideal starting point .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gao Xingjian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "Christopher Meryl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "Gao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His politics are embedded in his writing and his writing is first and foremost a celebration of freedom .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel ` soul mountain ' , which is just being released in the United States this week is in every possible way a celebration of what freedom means .", "entity": [{"entity": "` soul mountain '", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a large novel , full of all kinds of ideas and incidents and stories and tales and a polyphony of voices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is , if you like , the whole world wrapped up in 500 pages .", "entity": [{"entity": "500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the world at its most carnival - like , and yet it is virtually impossible , is n't it , for a Chinese artist to do something or to make a statement without its having some kind of either political effect or be political in origin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean this man took the trip on which the novel was based for political reasons , did he not ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certainly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is born in 1940 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is a product of the Cultural Revolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [19, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact he had to burn up an entire suitcase full of hundreds of poems and plays and stories at the start of the Cultural Revolution in fear of going to prison , and then in 1983 after being diagnosed with lung cancer , which had killed his father three years earlier and being convinced that he himself was going to die , he gets a kind of reprieve .", "entity": [{"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "the Cultural Revolution", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 132]}, {"entity": "1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "three years earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [248, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gets a second chest X-ray , discovers that he does n't have lung cancer , recognizes that by virtue of the kinds of things that he is writing , his openness to Western literary ideas , that he is in political trouble again , and so he sets out on an extraordinary odyssey of some 15,000 kilometers , mostly on foot , which he takes through southwestern China .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "some 15,000 kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [278, 300]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [356, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had survived , if you will , a death sentence , and now in that new freedom of the life in front of him , he takes to the road in the tradition of old Chinese poets and records what he sees , what he hears , the stories that he is told .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book is filled with marvelous descriptions of the gorges through which he walks , the mountains that he climbs , indeed the book is called Soul Mountain , the mountain on which he hopes in some way or another to get in touch with his soul , his individual soul , as opposed to that mass kind of soul being enforced upon him by the Communist Chinese authorities , the social realism that the cadres would have him write in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soul Mountain", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [335, 344]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [345, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only can this fellow write , he can paint too , ca n't he ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is best known among his neighbors in Paris as a painter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has had more than 30 one - man shows and his paintings are quite delicately done and there he is also very well known as a playwright .", "entity": [{"entity": "30", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think he has published about 18 plays now and he writes his plays in French .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 18", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just one last thing quoting him and I wonder if you could respond to this , Christopher , he said at the very beginning of his wonderful speech to the Nobel Prize Committee , he said , `` I do not wish to waste this talk on literature by saying too much about politics and history , What I want to do is to use this opportunity to speak as one writer in the voice of an individual . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "Christopher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "the Nobel Prize Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is that true basically not only for him that day , today , but of all of his work ?", "entity": [{"entity": "that day , today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , the work that we have so far in English translation suggests that , and indeed this novel , which is a celebration as well of the self of the individual , goes so far as to even divide up to the self .", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characters proliferate out of the imagination of the narrator so that at a certain point , you have a new he , you have a new she , you have a you , and each one of these characters tells stories , each story of which is designed to give you a deeper sense of the richness and the complexity of life in China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [303, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Christopher Meryl is Director of the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa and our international book citric .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Meryl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "the International Writing Program", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 66]}, {"entity": "the University of Iowa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks , Christopher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton has pardoned a former leading member of the House of Representatives convicted of corruption charges in 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "the House of Representatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 86]}, {"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Former Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Dan Rostenkowski was among 59 convicted criminals pardoned by the President .", "entity": [{"entity": "the House Ways and Means Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 53]}, {"entity": "Dan Rostenkowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "59", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sentenced to 17 months in prison and fined 100,000 dollars after pleading guilty to mail fraud .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "100,000 dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinton is also considering clemency for several other convicted criminals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BBC News for The World .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In London , I am James Cowling .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "James Cowling", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this month 's ouster of strongman Slobodan Milosevic , Yugoslavia is rapidly joining the international community .", "entity": [{"entity": "month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , the country was admitted into an international Balkan development program .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Balkan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belgrade now hopes to join the United Nations , the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "the International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 79]}, {"entity": "the World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At home , President Vojislav Kostunica says that he intends to promote democracy and free speech , but Kostunica just might have second thoughts , once a theater group that roasted his predecessor over the coals starts turning him on a spit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vojislav Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World 's Nened Chebeck reports from the Yugoslav capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Nened Chebeck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These days at almost every street corner in central Belgrade , there is a stall selling compact discs with protest songs against the former regime , and the most popular tune blaring out of the speakers goes like this , `` attention , attention , last train for Serbia via day stop Kosovo and The Hague is departing with a ten hour delay .", "entity": [{"entity": "These days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [262, 268]}, {"entity": "day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [273, 276]}, {"entity": "Kosovo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [282, 288]}, {"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [293, 302]}, {"entity": "ten hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [323, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's the latest hit by the satirical theater called `` Index '' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Index", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They started off 20 years ago in a local radio station and became an enormous success on stage and not just here in Serbia .", "entity": [{"entity": "20 years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They toured the world and performed wherever there is an emigrant community from the former Yugoslavia scattered by the wars here , from Australia to New York where Index will be returning in late November .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "Index", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "late November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This song is from their latest play , The Last Train for Serbia , which was recorded on the day protestors stormed the federal parliament in Belgrade and the main television stations .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Last Train for Serbia", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [38, 63]}, {"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The song speaks of panic in the household of Slobodan Milosevic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even before the former President conceded defeat , the Index Theater performed live on an improvised stage outside the parliament , in front of a crowd of some 300,000 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Index Theater", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "300,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actor Drugewbo Unitich tells how the show began .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drugewbo Unitich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first thing that I told them was please let us close our eyes and just listen .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When they did that and I saw them and I told them in a voice of Milosevic , `` Ladies and gentleman , I am definitely finished . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 3 or 4 hours after that he appeared on television and said something very similar to that .", "entity": [{"entity": "3", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "4 hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yubitrich is one of Belgrade 's most popular actors and he owes it to his skilful portrayal of Slobodan Milosevic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yubitrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Getting into Milosevic 's shoes even on stage , was quite a temptation says Yubitrich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "Yubitrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I always felt when I enter his person , Okay , that I can do whatever I want and I always molested our fellow players you know .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So being Milosevic is something which I can compare to taking a dangerous drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But with Milosevic out of the way , what next for Serbia 's most popular satirical group ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Writer Vojislav Jonetic says he is confident the new Yugoslav government will provide plenty of fresh material .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vojislav Jonetic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will have plenty of politicians , which we can play .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will have plenty of idiotic situations in Serbian politics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serbian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Political satirical theater is something which you can apply best to the societies , which are in some kind of crisis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are still in crisis and we will be I think for a while , but the current crisis Jonetic hopes will at least be one where government critics will not be branded as traitors and be banned from public performances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jonetic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Index Theater is planning a huge comeback now with a series of shows in Belgrade , but even though Milosevic is under de facto house arrest in Belgrade , he is very much present on the repertoire of political humors , says his impersonator , Dragewbo Yubitrich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Index Theater", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "Dragewbo Yubitrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [242, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would like to share one joke with the listeners of The World .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's the year of 2004 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the year of 2004", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Serbia it is 57th round of elections from September 2000 and Slobodan Milosevic appears on national tv and says , `` I want to greet you as your new President , my name is Vojislav Kostunica '' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "57th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "September 2000", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "Vojislav Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yubitrich says , he has already set his sights on the new Yugoslav President , Kostunica and will most likely be impersonating him in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yubitrich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is not as easy to make fun of yet Yubitritch says , unlike Milosevic , but that does n't mean he will escape the scrutiny and sharp wits of Index Theater .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yubitritch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Index Theater", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For The World , this is Nenad Chebeck in Belgrade .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Nenad Chebeck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In what may have been a ripple effect of the Middle East crisis , an explosion today killed at least four sailors on a US Navy destroyer in the Yemeni port of Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "at least four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "US Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American investigators are going to the scene but in Washington at the White House , the Pentagon and the State Department , US officials are already expressing suspicions that today 's explosion was an act of terrorism .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "the State Department", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World 's Clark Boyd reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Clark Boyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blast , which occurred just after noon local time in Yemen , ripped a 20 x 40 foot gash in the USS Cole , a state - of - the - art destroyer that had stopped in Aden to refuel before joining the carrier George Washington in the Persian Gulf .", "entity": [{"entity": "just after noon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "20", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "40 foot", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "the USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "George Washington", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [207, 224]}, {"entity": "the Persian Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking at the Cole 's home base in Norfolk , Virginia , Admiral John Foley said that the Navy is investigating the incident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "Norfolk", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Virginia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "John Foley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't know whether it was terrorism or not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was an act of certainly a severe belligerence but we do n't know the source , nor can I comment any further on that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in Washington , Pentagon officials went further saying that they had every reason to suspect that the blast was caused by terrorists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The officials said that reports from the scene , including one from an Army officer working in Aden Harbor , suggested that a small rubber craft that was helping the Cole dock came alongside the destroyer and caused the blast .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "Aden Harbor", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many , including retired Admiral Eugene Carroll , are suspicious that the small boat may have been loaded with high - power explosives and that the attack was planned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugene Carroll", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That craft that approached the Cole is a rubber boat , not a big craft , but they would have had to pack it fully with explosives to do the amount of damage that they did to the Cole and that certainly would have taken time to get that put together .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While both the Pentagon and the Justice Department today dispatched teams of experts to Yemen to investigate the explosion , Secretary of State Madeleine Albright urged caution saying it was too early to jump to any conclusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "the Justice Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still , she promised that the United States would take appropriate action if terrorists were found to be behind the blast , a sentiment echoed later in the day by President Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "later in the day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If , as it now appears , this was an act of terrorism , it was a despicable and cowardly act .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will find out who is responsible and hold them accountable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If their intention was to deter us from our mission of promoting peace and security in the Middle East , they will fail utterly .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For some terrorism experts today 's attack , which occurred against the backdrop of intense clashes between Palestinians and Israelis in the Middle East , has an eerily familiar ring to it .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bruce Hoffman is the director of the Rand Corporation 's Washington office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruce Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "the Rand Corporation 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have seen often in the past how violence and conflict and tensions in the Middle East often embroil the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One only has to recall the bombing of the US Marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983 , also a month before presidential election , also at a time when Israel was involving suitable ferment at that point in Lebanon now with the Palestinians , where the United States was also attempting actively to provide some stabilizing influence and unfortunately and tragically got caught up in the maelstrom and that seems to be the salient fact of this attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Marine", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "a month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [222, 234]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [243, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if this attack turns out to be the work of terrorists , Hoffman says it would signal a dangerous new trend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hoffman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maritime or marine - borne terrorist attacks are actually quite rare .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That being said it could well be the beginning of a new pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have made it far more difficult , appropriately so , for terrorists to attack our ground forces in the Arabian Peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Arabian Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , I think terrorists prevented from attacking their targets using their more conventional means ` truck bombs ' have merely adjusted their tactics slightly and obviously they have been successful with it today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [207, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Yemeni TV today the country 's President expressed his heart - felt condolences to those who were killed and injured , but denied that the explosion on board the cole was caused by terrorists , although , admits Mohammed Al - Qadhi , editor of the Yemen Observer newspaper in the capital Sana , anti-American sentiment has been running high in Yemen because of events in the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "Mohammed Al - Qadhi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 234]}, {"entity": "Yemen Observer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [251, 265]}, {"entity": "Sana", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [291, 295]}, {"entity": "anti-American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [298, 311]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [347, 352]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [374, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The people now in the streets are gathering because they feel that not just as Arabs , as human beings , that what is happening in Palestine is not humanitarian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arabs", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Palestine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding the United States ' attitude in this regard , we find that the United States until now are supporting Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States '", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 29]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The people here feel that United States should do something .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With tensions running high throughout the Middle East , today 's incident off the coast of Yemen serves as a warning .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US armed forces and diplomatic personnel might be on high alert for sometime to come .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For The World this is Clark Boyd .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Clark Boyd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is The World , I am Lisa Mullins .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Lisa Mullins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up next a global hip - hop beat laid down in New York and danced to in the West African nation of Senegal .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "West African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World 's Marco Warman has today 's musical finale .", "entity": [{"entity": "World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Marco Warman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imagine trying to translate the lyrics of the Sugar Hill Gang 's notorious rap classic , Rapper 's Delight .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Sugar Hill Gang 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "Rapper 's Delight", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [89, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately for rap fans in the Senegalese capital , Dakar translating these tunes is n't necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The city has its own homegrown hip - hop scene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a hip - hop but African hip - hop with African instruments , you know , African chant , traditional sounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is Amidu Barry , one half of the duo Positive Black Soul or PBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amidu Barry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "one half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Positive Black Soul", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are the doyens of Dakar 's hip - hop scene , the Sugar Hill Gang of Senegal if you will .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "the Sugar Hill Gang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive Black Soul sings in Senegal 's main language Wolof but if the music sounds like it comes straight out of the Bronx , well , you are not far off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Positive Black Soul", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Wolof", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PBS produce their albums in New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead singer Amidu Berry says New York producers make hip - hop in any language come out sounding right .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amidu Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They know how to make a hip - hop record sound good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They know the sound of hip - hop , you know , and they have got the equipment and the engineers and they know how to handle it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Positive Black Soul 's music is first and foremost Senegalese music .", "entity": [{"entity": "Positive Black Soul 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When American saxophonist David Murray recorded his acclaimed afrocentric jazz album , Fo Juke Review in Dakar , he recruited Amidu Berry and DJ Awadi from PBS to show what an edge West African music can really have .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "David Murray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Fo Juke Review", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Amidu Berry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "DJ Awadi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "West African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [181, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Awadi and Barry performed , they managed simultaneously to bathe in the group of American hip - hop and they keep a clear sense that they are from Senegal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Awadi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Barry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This connection to national and musical identities results partly from the fact that many Senegalese artists want to stay in Senegal to live and work says PBS singer Tidia Awadi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "Tidia Awadi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is because they know they have the inspiration in their country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think everybody want to stay in his country , want to die in his country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you can stay and make it happen , the place where you was born , where you grew up then try to make it there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senegalese rappers are also identified by what they say in their tracks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western hip - hop lyrics often revolve around the accumulation of material wealth and throwing parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PBS and other Senegalese rap groups have different concerns .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the grim lyrics to Leboho Inwa , the executioner is black .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leboho Inwa", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PBS raps that Africans are their worst enemies .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Africans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Front man Amidu Barry may look like he got his moves on the streets of Brooklyn but his critique of post-colonial finger pointing in Africa tells a different story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amidu Barry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Brooklyn", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , in Africa every time you know something bad happens , everybody like you know is because of the white man , you know the colonization , the slavery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Africa", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They do n't realize that you know the real execution is really black 's black like them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So before they say it is a white man tangle you know it 's because of a white man that this happens and they got to , you know , check around and they say who is the real guilty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We got to accept it and try to , you know , change the things , make the things better .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive Black Soul are now the oldsters of Dakar 's hip - hop scene and they have established the template of social consciousness that many Senegalese hip - hop groups follow like Bootin Bye , which recently scored this hit about AIDS prevention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Positive Black Soul", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "Bootin Bye", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Again Amidu Barry from Postive Black Soul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amidu Barry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "Postive Black Soul", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When we started there were maybe two or three hip - hop groups in Dakar and now today we got more than 2000 groups only in Dakar , let 's say in Senegal .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "more than 2000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two thousand hip - hop bands ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Two thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hip - hop bands only in Dakar , not the whole Senegal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Senegal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So you know it is amazing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's fantastic , extraordinary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just how extraordinary can be heard on a recent French recording .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hop is a compilation featuring Dakar 's biggest rap stars from Bidu Bubes to the current kings of Senegalese hip - hop Daura G .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Hop", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Dakar", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Bidu Bubes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "Senegalese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "Daura G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That kind of success needs no translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For The World , I am Mark Warmen .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Mark Warmen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clashes continued today in the West Bank and Gaza .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "the West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "Gaza", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinian gunmen fired on an Israeli car killing the driver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier today Israeli soldiers guarding a Jewish settlement shot and killed a Palestinian man who was later identified as an intelligence officer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earlier today", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Israeli Army said the man had been approaching the guard post in a suspicious manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Israeli Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein has given a defiant speech to mark the tenth anniversary of the Gulf War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "tenth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "the Gulf War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He says Iraq has triumphed over the evil of the West .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barbara Plett reports from Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara Plett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saddam Hussein addressed the nation in a speech filled with rhetoric and a declaration of victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Iraq has triumphed over its enemies , '' he said , `` and it will triumph in the remaining rounds of the battle . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Iraqi leader said the Gulf War was a confrontation between good and evil that continues to this day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "the Gulf War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was referring to his struggle against the US , which strongly supports the economic embargo meant to force him to disarm .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the speech demonstrators gathered in a public show of support for their President .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sense of nationalism has grown stronger here as many people rally against what they say is a siege on their country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barbara Plett , BBC News , Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barbara Plett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "BBC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States and the European Union will start lifting economic sanctions against Yugoslavia today .", "entity": [{"entity": "The United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "the European Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the sanctions imposed against the regime of former President Slobodan Milosevic during the fight over Kosovo are an oil embargo and a ban on commercial air traffic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 85]}, {"entity": "Kosovo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "French Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine said Sunday that relieving the pressure on Belgrade 's devastated economy is the first step towards supporting the new President Vojislav Kostunica and reintegrating Yugoslavia into a democratic Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Foreign", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Hubert Vedrine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "Vojislav Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 186]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [234, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Voice of America presents differing points of view on a wide variety of issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Voice of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , an editorial expressing the policies of the United States government .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This month 's visit of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to Washington is further evidence of the strengthening ties between the United States and Bangladesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Sheikh Hasina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It follows a visit last March by President Bill Clinton to Dhaka , the Bangladesh capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "last March", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Dhaka", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was the first time a US President had visited Bangladesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US is Bangladesh 's largest trading partner and foreign investor .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US investment in Bangladesh has increased over the past four years from 20 million dollars to around 800 million dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "the past four years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "20 million dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "800 million dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [101, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prime Minister Hasina and President Clinton expressed the hope that this trend will continue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hasina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will depend on the implementation of investor - friendly policies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the US government and American businesses , welcomed the willingness of Bangladesh to embrace innovative approaches towards sustainable economic growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among other things , the US has worked with Bangladesh to establish the Tropical Forest Conservation Fund , the first of its kind in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "the Tropical Forest Conservation Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 105]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [112, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fund will make it possible for Bangladesh to redirect some debt repayment money to projects and at preserving unique eco-systems and protecting the environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bangladesh government also deserves credit for making significant progress toward eliminating child labor in the garment industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US is committed to working with Bangladesh on this and other core labor standards including freedom of association and collective bargaining .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to growing economic ties , the US and Bangladesh share a commitment to democracy at home and to meeting responsibilities abroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to international peacekeeping operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its personnel have served with US forces in Somalia , Haiti , Bosnia , and Kosovo .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Somalia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Bosnia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Kosovo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bangladesh is also the first South Asian nation to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "South Asian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [58, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton and Prime Minister Hasina agreed that it is essential for the US and Bangladesh to coordinate positions on major issues , that come before the United Nations and other international bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Hasina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As President Clinton has said , the US and Bangladesh grow closer every day , through expanding trade , through the internet revolution and through a shared interest in building a world more peaceful , more tolerant , more prosperous and more free .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "every day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli helicopter gunships struck Palestinian targets in the West Bank and Gaza Strip , Thursday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak said the attacks were in retaliation for the killing of Israeli soldiers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This morning , the entire world was the witness of a cold - blooded brutal lynch of two or three Israelis within a Palestinian police station in Ramallah in the Palestinian - controlled territories .", "entity": [{"entity": "This morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "Ramallah", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late Thursday , Mr. Barak invited Likud opposition leader Ariel Sharon to join him in a government of national emergency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Late Thursday", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Likud", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Ariel Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a visit by Mr. Sharon to a Jerusalem religious holy site that sparked the violence that began last month between Israelis and Palestinian protesters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UN Secretary General Kofi Annan who is leading mediation efforts in the Middle East urged Palestinians and Israelis , Thursday to show restraint .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Kofi Annan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both Jordan 's King Abdullah and Syria 's President Bashar al - Assad charged Israel with insulting Arabs and Muslims by violating their rights at holy sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Abdullah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Bashar al - Assad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Arabs", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "Muslims", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome to another hour of news and information here on the Voice of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "another hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "the Voice of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Victor Moralis along with David Chadwick on VOA News Now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Moralis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "David Chadwick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "VOA News Now", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "India has signed a series of deals with Russia to acquire an aircraft carrier , fighter jets and tanks .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deals were signed as Russian President Vladimir Putin concluded his talks with Indian leaders in New Delhi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "New Delhi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two countries also signed a strategic partnership agreement , obligating both countries to avoid joining political or military alliances against each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also agreed to form a joint working group for mutual concerns on terrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "News Now 's Susan Yakie spoke with our New Delhi correspondent Jim Teeple about the Russian leader 's visit and his comments about the situation in the disputed Kashmir region .", "entity": [{"entity": "News Now 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Susan Yakie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "New Delhi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Jim Teeple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said exactly what the Indians wanted to hear , which is that the dispute over Kashmir between India and Pakistan should be solved bilaterally and that there should be no outside interference , as he put it in this question .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now this is something the Indians have been saying all along .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , Pakistan wants international attention focussed on Kashmir , and Mr. Putin also said that he supports India 's tough approach to the external violence in Kashmir as he described it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is another thing that the Indians were glad to hear him say , and he also said that both India and Russia suffer from the same sort of terrorism , as he put it , referring of course to the separatist militancies in Chechnya and Russia and in Jammu and Kashmir .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Chechnya", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [220, 228]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [233, 239]}, {"entity": "Jammu", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "Kashmir", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [257, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So on balance I do n't think that the Indians heard anything from Mr. Putin that they did not want to hear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What sort of hold does Russia have on India and Pakistan ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia has very little influence with Pakistan , but of course Russia supplies India with 70 % of its military hardware and that was of course the second pillar here of Mr. Putin 's visit , which was to finalize some very substantial arms deals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Pakistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , we 're hearing that those deals have now been finalized , that Russia will sell India 300 tanks , T - 90 tanks , very advanced tanks , that Russia will also sell to India some Sukoi - 30 bombers , fighter - bombers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "300", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "T - 90", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "Sukoi - 30", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [186, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are going to allow India to assemble about 140 of these bombers here in India , and they are also going to finalize a deal whereby India will acquire the Admiral Gorshkov .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "about 140", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Gorshkov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's an old Russian aircraft carrier that India has wanted to get for some time because India only has one other aircraft carrier , and this carrier in particular would allow the Indian Navy to extend its strategic strength much farther than it currently can now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "the Indian Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So indeed Russia does have quite a bit of influence here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ties have gone way back , nearly 40 years , and they were strengthened considerably by this visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "nearly 40 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact both countries have now agreed to combat what they call terrorism with joint groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also set up a joint working group on Afghanistan , which is of course a cause of concern for both countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Putin 's visit is the first by a Russian leader in seven years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "seven years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why does the trip come now ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , his trip has actually been delayed for a couple of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "a couple of years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian President was supposed to visit India as early as 97 - 1998 , but of course Boris Yeltsin 's health problems got in the way of that , and then of course , Mr. Yeltsin 's abrupt resignation last year another visit and then the subsequent election campaign and inauguration of Vladimir Putin took some time , so it 's been put off for a couple of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "97", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "Boris Yeltsin 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [197, 206]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [283, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But there have also been a lot of delays in other areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These arms agreements that we were just speaking about have taken quite some time to finalize .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How does this visit by Mr. Putin compare to President Clinton 's visit earlier this year ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's an interesting question because Vladimir Putin on Wednesday addressed the Indian Parliament just as Bill Clinton had done six months ago , and I think it 's safe to say that Mr. Putin actually probably accomplished more than Mr. Clinton did in the hard concrete terms of arms sales and that sort of thing , but it was Mr. Clinton that stole the Indian lawmakers ' hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "the Indian Parliament", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 99]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "six months ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [186, 191]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [330, 337]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [353, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course you will recall when he spoke to the parliament there was an ecstatic welcome for him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Indian lawmakers were sort of clambering over each other to shake his hand as he left the parliament building .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was none of that for Mr. Putin , but he did receive a very warm welcome , although most ordinary Indians who were actually rather captivated by Mr. Clinton 's visit did not really pay much attention to Mr. Putin 's visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Indians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [212, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact his visit has somewhat been ignored and in fact the main news story here in India has been sort of a local controversy over the roll - back of fuel prices rather than Mr. Putin 's visit , but he did do what he had to do and he certainly strengthened ties in a strategic sense between Russia and India .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [179, 184]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [292, 298]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [303, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's VOA correspondent Jim Teeple .", "entity": [{"entity": "VOA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Jim Teeple", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a joint statement Wednesday , India and Russia called for further measures against Afghanistan 's dominant Taliban faction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statement accuses the Taliban of supporting international terrorism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A note scribbled by an officer on the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk has revealed that at least 23 of its 118 crewmembers survived the explosions which sank the vessel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Kursk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "at least 23", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "118", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The note was found in the pocket of Lieutenant Dimitri Kolesnikov whose body was one of the first to be recovered the explosions that shattered the submarine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimitri Kolesnikov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the Kursk 's crew apparently died instantly in the explosions that tore open the Kursk 's first six compartments or within minutes as water roared into the submarine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kursk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Kursk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lieutenant Kolesnikov 's note indicates some crewmembers survived for several hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kolesnikov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "several hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton arrived in Brunei Tuesday , getting a red carpet welcome from officials of the tiny Islamic sultanate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Brunei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is scheduled to deliver the keynote address today at the Pacific Rim Conference .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "the Pacific Rim Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [56, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pacific Rim leaders will discuss an array of economic issues Wednesday and Thursday , including high oil prices and the boom in electronic commerce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pacific Rim", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US Navy destroyer damaged apparently by a terrorist bomb while refueling at the Red Sea port , Aden has begun its journey back to the States for repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "US Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Red Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Dave Gavlak reports , the US Cole was towed out of the Aden Harbor to a waiting Norwegian transport ship , that will actually carry the damaged destroyer home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Gavlak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "the US Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "the Aden Harbor", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American national anthem played as four tug boats pulled the USS Cole slowly out of Yemen 's southern port of Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "the USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cole was badly damaged two weeks ago in an apparent suicide bombing that killed 17 US sailors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "two weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Security was tight as the ship was towed out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American and Yemeni patrol boats mounted with machine guns escorted the Cole out to open waters while American helicopters flew overhead .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some Yemenis expressed relief to see the ship leave .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemenis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many locals said they feared the bombing of the ship would serve as an excuse for continued US military presence in the Gulf country .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diplomats and analysts have commented that a joint investigation into the attack may in fact strengthen ties between the world super power and the poor , but strategic Arab state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [168, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US and Yemeni officials say they believe Islamic militants may have carried out the bombing .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far two little known Islamic groups have claimed responsibility for the attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "Islamic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yemeni authorities claimed they have detained over 70 people for questioning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "over 70", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include some Afghan - Arab volunteers who came to Yemen after fighting against Soviet forces in Afghanistan in the 1980s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Afghan - Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "the 1980s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dave Gavlak for VOA News , Cairo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Gavlak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian and Norwegian divers searched the fourth compartment of the wrecked submarine Kursk , Sunday , but they found too much damage to proceed with the task of recovering bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Kursk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for Russia 's Northern Fleet says the divers were only able to venture about one meter into the compartment because of poor visibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Northern Fleet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "about one meter", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton has told a memorial service for the victims of the deadly bomb attack on the USS Cole that justice will prevail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "the USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Clinton promised the gathering at the Norfolk Naval station Wednesday that those who carried out the deadly attack that killed 17 sailors will be found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the Norfolk Naval station", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [38, 63]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To those who attacked them , we say you will not find a safe harbor , we will find you and justice will prevail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , in Yemen President Ali Abdul Salay said important evidence had been uncovered in the investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Ali Abdul Salay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Salay was quoted as saying two people responsible for the blast were killed in a suicide mission and that the attack had been planned for a long time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His comments were not immediately confirmed by US officials who are leading the investigation with Yemen 's help .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said Wednesday , it is important to help spread democracy around the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Kofi Annan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VOA 's Breck Ardery reports from the United Nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "VOA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Breck Ardery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a new report , the Secretary General says democratization has now taken root as a universal norm and that the United Nations should strengthen its commitment to assisting nations that are moving toward democracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Commenting on the report , UN Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs Danilo Turk told reporters the principle of national sovereignty does not preclude support for democracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "Danilo Turk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are usually not sufficiently clear , we meaning the Secretariat , in explaining that sovereignty and final analysis belongs to the people and sovereignty should be seen in a democratic context .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secretariat", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sovereignty is not simply a quality of statehood , but it has to do with the power of the people and democratic structures which make sovereignty an important human value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Churk also has said that a lack of democracy is the root cause of many contemporary armed conflicts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Churk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Secretary General 's report says democracy can develop anywhere and that it is a common misperception that democracy is a Western concept .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The report was issued in advance of a UN - sponsored conference on new and restored democracies that will be held in the African nation of Benin in early December .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "African", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "Benin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "early December", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breck Ardery , VOA News , at the United Nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Breck Ardery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports from China say North Korean President Kim Jong Il is planning to announce economic reforms for his country .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "North Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Kim Jong Il", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Kim visited a center for high technology business in Shanghai on Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kim", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thank you very much , Tony .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tony", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat is expected to return to the White House late Tuesday for more talks with President Clinton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "late Tuesday", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Arafat made no comment after Tuesday 's first round of White House talks moving quickly past journalists to a waiting limousine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A White House spokesman said the talks are aimed at establishing the parameters for resuming Israeli - Palestinian negotiations .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 13]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinians have demanded clarification of US proposals for achieving a final peace accord .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egypt 's President Hosni Mubarak has called on Israeli leaders to stop talking about war and to make peace with the Palestinians and Syria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egypt", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Hosni Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an interview with Israeli Television Monday Mr. Mubarak said Israel knows what is necessary for peace , the return of lands captured in the 1967 Middle East war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Mubarak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "the 1967 Middle East war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [139, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also acknowledged the Palestinian refugees ' right of return .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another interview Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat said the Israelis and Palestinians had made real progress Red Sea resort of Taba , but Prime Minister Ehud Barak has suspended contacts with the Palestinians until after the February 6th election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Red Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Taba", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [199, 211]}, {"entity": "February 6th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [228, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondent Laurie Cassman has a report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurie Cassman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prime Minister Barak 's decision not to meet Yasser Arafat this week comes after the Palestinian leader 's angry speech on Sunday at an economic forum in Switzerland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Yasser Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Arafat accused Israel of waging a savage and barbaric war against his people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day earlier Israeli and Palestinian negotiators had announced that a week of marathon talks have brought them closer than ever to a final agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "One day earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "a week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the angry outburst Mr. Arafat reaffirmed his commitment to peace and his willingness to meet Mr. Barak .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meeting was expected later this week in Stockholm , but Mr. Barak 's security advisor told Israeli Radio Monday such a meeting now is out of the question .", "entity": [{"entity": "later this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "Stockholm", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He described the Arafat speech as inflammatory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Barak can not risk the controversial meeting ahead of next week 's election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "next week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He still trails far behind the hard line Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon in the opinion polls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Likud Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Ariel Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laurie Cassman , VOA News , Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laurie Cassman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I am David Coler , VOA News .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Coler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel and the Palestinians have resumed high level peace talks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two sides met into the early hours Friday at the crossing between the Gaza Strip and Israel .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "the early hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "the Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli officials say Israel is still hopeful that a framework peace agreement can be reached before the unofficial deadline , the end of President Clinton 's term in office on January 20th .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "January 20th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [177, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The head of official Palestinian television has been assassinated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hooded men gunned down Hisha Mickey at a hotel in Gaza City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hisha Mickey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "Gaza City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Palestinian leadership accused the collaborators with Israel for killing Mr. Mickey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Mickey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel says its security forces were not involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Mickey was in charge of Palestinian television and the Palestinian satellite channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mickey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United States has issued a worldwide caution to Americans warning of possible terrorist threats .", "entity": [{"entity": "The United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No threats are specified but the US embassy in Rome was closed Friday for what officials called security reasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "Rome", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The embassy could reopen as early as Monday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The State Department periodically issues worldwide cautions .", "entity": [{"entity": "The State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was issued last October following the deadly terrorist bombing of the USS Cole Navy destroyer in Yemen .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "last October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli soldiers have killed another Palestinian in the West Bank as clashes continue between the two sides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "the West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , Israel has confiscated the VIP card of a senior Palestinian official .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colonel Taffiq Terrawi , a director of Palestinian intelligence , was briefly detained by Israeli soldiers at a West Bank road block , where they confiscated an Israeli permit that grants him free movement in and out of the area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taffiq Terrawi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Gaza Strip , Wednesday , Israeli soldiers fired on armed Palestinians trying to cut through a border fence .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Army says it may have killed two of them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ISRAELI radio said four Palestinians were killed , but Palestinian security officials deny there were any casualties and they say no such incident took place .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISRAELI", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , four Palestinian policemen were killed Wednesday during a nine - hour battle with Israeli troops near a refugee camp in the Gaza Strip .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "nine - hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "the Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meredith Bewl reports from Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meredith Bewl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Israeli military says Palestinian gunmen at the Khan Younus refugee camp in the southern part of the Gaza Strip opened fire on Israeli forces and the soldiers responded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "Khan Younus", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "the Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinians say Israeli rocket fire hit a police post and killed at least one Palestinian security officer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "at least one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least three other Palestinian policemen were killed in the fierce clashes , which went on for hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "At least three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the West Bank town of Hebron , Israeli soldiers gunned down a Palestinian member of the militant Hamas group as he was standing outside his shop .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Hebron", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Hamas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinians called the shooting an assassination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Israeli Army said it was checking the reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Israeli Army", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shooting appeared to be the latest in a series of targeted attacks against anti-Israeli militants .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti-Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deputy Defense Minister Irfan Sneh said this week Israel now has a policy of tracking down Palestinians who attack Israelis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Irfan Sneh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meredith Bewl , VOA News Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meredith Bewl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Jerusalem", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two more bombs have exploded near Haiti 's capital killing a 7 - year - old girl and wounding two people in the latest pre-election violence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Haiti", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "7 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Wednesday , seven bombs exploded around Port - au - Prince .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Port - au - Prince", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No group has claimed responsibility for today 's blasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government and opposition are exchanging accusations over who is to blame for a wave of violence ahead of Sunday 's presidential election .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Dave Deforest , VOA News .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dave Deforest", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colombian authorities say the country 's largest Marxist rebel group has shot and killed a leading opposition congressman and five others in a roadside ambush in a rebel held area of southern Colombia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colombian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Marxist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "Colombia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police say the gunmen attacked lawmaker Diego Turbai and his entourage Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diego Turbai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if you are in South Asia , perhaps you heard the Radio Canada International test transmissions to your part of the world back on the 8th , 9th , and 10th of November .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Radio Canada International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 79]}, {"entity": "8th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "9th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "10th of November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were via Radio Netherlands at Flavo , the Netherlands 15:00 - 16:00 UTC on 15360 and 17820 , that according to Andy Senet , via Glenhouser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radio Netherlands", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "Flavo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "15:00 - 16:00 UTC", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [59, 76]}, {"entity": "15360", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "17820", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Andy Senet", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Glenhouser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RCI tells me that it is not yet decided whether it will start a permanent service to South Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "South Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Violence between Israelis and Palestinians continued in its third month , though at a slightly reduced level overall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Palestinians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "third month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli and Palestinian negotiators met separately at the White House with President Bill Clinton in hopes of restarting direct negotiations between them for a final settlement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "Bill Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUSSIAN officials say Cuba has no interest in completing construction of a Soviet era nuclear power plant on the island .", "entity": [{"entity": "RUSSIAN", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cuba", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian President Vladimir Putin said Friday , Moscow has no plans to press Havana to finish construction of the Juragua nuclear facility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Putin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Havana", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Juragua", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his comments on the last day of his official visit to the Communist ruled island .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction halted on the Juragua plant in 1992 , following the collapse of the Soviet Union , which provided funding and technology for the project .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juragua", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "the Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 's announcement coincided with the permanent closing of the Chernobyl nuclear facility , which was the scene of the world 's worst nuclear accident in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Chernobyl", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "1986", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International aid agencies have warned that proposed United Nations sanctions against Afghanistan 's Taliban authorities could paralyze efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to the victims of drought and conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new sanctions proposed by the United States and Russia would impose an arms embargo on the Taliban .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among other things , they would also freeze Taliban assets abroad and restrict foreign travel by Taliban officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Taliban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UN Co-ordinator for Afghanistan said in Geneva , the proposed UN measure could block badly - needed aid shipments .", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Afghanistan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Geneva", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Connie Lawn , VOA News .", "entity": [{"entity": "Connie Lawn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US Energy Secretary Bill Richardson has extended an emergency order to keep electricity flowing to California .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measure will require western suppliers to sell power to the state for at least another week .", "entity": [{"entity": "at least another week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we hear from Michael Sullivan , the official also proposed an energy price cap for the West , but the suggestion had a mixed response from western governors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extension of the federal order will require power suppliers in the West to keep sending their surplus electricity to California .", "entity": [{"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrical resources in the West Coast state are stretched to their limit with a looming threat of rolling blackouts .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "California 's utility companies are not able to generate all the power their customers need , so they have turned to outside suppliers and in the face of rising prices the state 's two largest utility firms have sunk more than eight billion dollars in debt .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "more than eight billion dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [217, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppliers outside California had threatened to cut off the power , afraid that the cash - strapped utilities were not able to pay for it .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emergency order last week and the extension announced in Denver at a meeting of western governors will keep electricity flowing to California through the middle of next week .", "entity": [{"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "the middle of next week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [154, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crisis began three years ago when California imposed a price freeze on its private utility firms to protect consumers while the state deregulates its energy sector , but the lifting of market controls led to wild price fluctuations on the wholesale market .", "entity": [{"entity": "three years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was made worse by several factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No new generating stations have been built in the state in recent years and some existing generators are offline for repairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time California has been growing .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy Secretary Bill Richardson says it is a case of demand outpacing supplies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know in California alone in the last year electricity demand has increased 13 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "the last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "13 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "California 's wholesale electricity prices , which had been capped at 250 dollars per megawatt hour in a regulated market , have peaked under deregulation at 1400 dollars per megawatt hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "250 dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "1400 dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the current price freeze , utilities have been prevented from passing along the increase to consumers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wednesday , Energy Secretary Bill Richardson suggested a new price cap for electricity throughout the western states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Energy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Bill Richardson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oregon 's Governor supports the idea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some other western leaders are not convinced that a price cap will solve the problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy suppliers oppose a cap , saying instead they need incentives to build more generating stations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last week federal regulators imposed a so - called soft cap on California , which requires power firms to justify prices above 150 dollars per megawatt hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "150 dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measure does not however prevent them from charging above that level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One large utility company , Southern California Edison says it may have to file for bankruptcy unless government officials can offer some relief .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Southern California Edison", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The privately owned company is now three and a half billion dollars in debt .", "entity": [{"entity": "three and a half billion dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [35, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consumer activists are skeptical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They know the utility recently declared a dividend for its stockholders , but Edison 's Tom Higgins says the firm can not continue to pay high prices for electricity while keeping prices low for its customers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edison", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Tom Higgins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our books are an open matter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not hard for anybody to see .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can talk to the banks themselves and see that you know , clearly we do n't have the ability to do this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do n't print money in the basement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "California 's Governor this week warned that intermittent cutoffs of power around the state may begin as early as next week if nothing more is done to alleviate the crisis .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "next week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mike O'Sullivan , VOA News , Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike O'Sullivan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "VOA News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recapping the developments of this disturbing day in the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula -- at least six American sailors are dead , 11 still missing and 35 injured after what intelligence experts say was a well - planned terrorist bombing that ripped a 20 x 40 - foot hole in the Navy destroyer `` USS Cole '' in the Yemeni port of Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "the Arabian Peninsula", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "11", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "35", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [160, 162]}, {"entity": "20 x 40 - foot", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [260, 274]}, {"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [287, 291]}, {"entity": "`` USS Cole ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [302, 316]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [324, 330]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [339, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ship was there for refueling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton , vowing retaliation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And one of the longest running struggles for international justice reached a milestone today of sorts , when a Scottish court , meeting in the Netherlands , finally officially found someone guilty in the 1988 bombing that brought down Pan Am Flight 103 .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "Pan Am Flight 103", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [235, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's a Libyan intelligence agent and as NBC 's Jim Maceda reports tonight from the court , many of the families of the victims think the verdict did n't go far enough .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libyan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "Jim Maceda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today was D - Day in the murder trial which in the end brought some relief .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "D - Day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For grieving families , only a partial victory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 12 years of waiting and a nine - month trial , family members of some of the victims of Pan Am Flight 103 come to this special Scottish courthouse in the Netherlands one last time to hear the verdict against two Libyan defendants charged with murder .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "nine - month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Pan Am Flight 103", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [214, 217]}, {"entity": "Libyan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [218, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A split decision for Lamen Khalifa Fhimah , aquittal , but Abdel Basset Ali Al - megrahi found guilty as charged .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamen Khalifa Fhimah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "Abdel Basset Ali Al - megrahi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The court ruled this senior Libyan intelligence agent planted the bomb that killed 270 , mostly Americans , when the plane bound for New York exploded over Lockerbie , Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libyan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "270", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "Lockerbie", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inside the courtroom today , the elation overwhelming .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A good many of the relatives gasped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a big intake of breath .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jim Swire , whose daughter died in the 1988 crash , collapses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Swire", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later recovered , blaming stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Al - megrahi 's sentence , 20 years in jail , too light for Brian Flynn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al - megrahi 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "20 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Brian Flynn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brother was on Flight 103 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flight 103", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was n't one murder it was 270 people he murdered .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "270", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frustration too that Moammar Khaddafi was immune from prosecution , one of the ground rules here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moammar Khaddafi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You get the operatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do n't always get the higherups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reaction in Libya , where many followed the trial , mixed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Libya", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some anger in the streets , but government officials downplaying the conviction , calling for an end to international sanctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not yet , says President George W. Bush , at the White House today , demanding that Khaddafi meet certain conditions first , to accept responsibility for this act , and to compensate the families .", "entity": [{"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Khaddafi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But even that would fall short for those who have lost loved ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonight , some of those families made it clear their battle is not over to get to the truth and however difficult , punish the real authors of this crime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tom ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks very much , NBC 's Jim Maceda tonight for the trial of the Lockerbie 103 Pan Am crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Jim Maceda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Lockerbie", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "103 Pan Am", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBC 's David Gregory is at his post as well in Austin , Texas .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "David Gregory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David any reaction from the Bush team on the Democrats ' plan to contest the vote in Miami - Dade ?", "entity": [{"entity": "David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Miami - Dade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , John , there has been reaction from the Bush team .", "entity": [{"entity": "John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , this decision by the Gore campaign , a refusal to concede even if they do not prevail in the manual recounts under way certainly carries some political risk , but the Gore team tonight defends the decision , saying that fellow Democrats and the public would not only accept but demand what they call a fair and accurate recount in all the relevant counties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 182]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [238, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bush team , responding quickly saying there would not be such support and that in that scenario Gore could only be seen as a sore loser .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the holiday , there is no letup in the fight for Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A holiday legal victory to be thankful for , George and Laura Bush , all smiles in Austin today before a pot luck Thanksgiving meal with their twin daughters and friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "George", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Laura Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "Thanksgiving", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Texas governor makes time for recreation with a morning jog and prepares for some fishing at his ranch this weekend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "this weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Vice President out of sight today at his residence , aides saying the entire family together for a meal and football on TV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the Gore menu remains a family secret , the Bush clan all to happy to share some of his favorite fare -- jalapeno pecan cornbread stuffing and coconut cake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For vice presidential candidate Dick Cheney , turkey in the hospital with his wife and daughter this afternoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dick Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After suffering a mild heart attack yesterday , his fourth , doctors say today he 's recovering well .", "entity": [{"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cheney gets a checkup call from Governor Bush and still expects to be released as early as tomorrow , and today , President Clinton cautiously speaks out about the Florida vote fight , saying everyone should , `` let the process play out . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I want everybody who tried to vote who legally voted to have their vote count , including service people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everybody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonight for both George Bush and Al Gore and their war rooms all their advisers , this really comes down to a numbers game .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "George Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everybody keeping a sharp eye on these recount tallies and on Sunday 's deadline at 5:00 p.m. .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "5:00 p.m.", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John ?", "entity": [{"entity": "John", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBC 's David Gregory in Austin .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "David Gregory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "Austin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David , thank you .", "entity": [{"entity": "David", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up next , from recounts to --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we heard from David Gregory , one of Governor Bush 's main themes in these last days of the campaign is getting rid of partisan gridlock in Washington , which was exactly what the President was talking about today -- an attempt to reopen debate on a $ 240 billion tax cut plan , saying the version House Republicans passed is unacceptable , because it is unfair , according to the President , to children and seniors .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Gregory", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "these last days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "$ 240 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [253, 266]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [301, 306]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [307, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead of meeting us on common ground , instead of working with the White House or congressional Democrats , the Republican leadership closed its doors to compromise -- literally closed the doors to compromise .", "entity": [{"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They crafted their own partisan tax package and passed it last night on a party - line vote .", "entity": [{"entity": "last night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Republican leaders for their part said reopening the tax debate is not now realistic and the tax cut bill is probably tombed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are angry that the President is threatening to veto it saying it 's wrong to have political budget battles right before the election .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have a major development to report tonight involving the crash of that Singapore Airlines 747 in Taiwan this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwanese officials thousand now say .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They confirm the pilot made a wrong turn , simply down the wrong runway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondent Ned Colt has our report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ned Colt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonight it appears at least 82 are dead from what may have been a wrong turn .", "entity": [{"entity": "at least 82", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sources close to the investigation tell NBC News that Singapore Airlines flight 6 tried to take off on a runway closed for repairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "Singapore Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "6", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She crash site today , the trail of evidence on the closed runway .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chunks of wreckage , fuselage , stretching in a straight line for hundreds of yards .", "entity": [{"entity": "hundreds of yards", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [66, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twisted overturned construction equipment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is what the 747 slammed into Tuesday night in a blinding rain storm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today investigators say the pilot had confirmed with the control tower moments before taking off he had turned onto the correct runway but pilots behind him say he turned onto the wrong runway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They say the plane took off , clicking the construction equipment , slamming into the ground and then breaking up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the plane was taking off this passenger noticed she did n't see any runway lights .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I used to see the lights going by and I looked out and said it 's pitch black out here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reporter Lee , flying in from California , unsure if his wife was alive , today , identifying his remains , and tonight survivor John Diaz begins the long trip home to California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "John Diaz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I just want to get home , never been so ready to get back to the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His flight number a reminder Singapore Airlines 006 , the same flight he survived Tuesday night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "006", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gregg Jarrett , they did get a unanimous court for this decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gregg Jarrett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolutely , Brian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was very stern , very direct and it left no question , I think , in the minds of anybody that this court unanimously believes that certification should include the manual recount , and that is a clear victory for Vice President Al Gore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [231, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The language here , really leaves no doubt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The right of the people to cast their vote , the court said , is paramount .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amended certifications must be accepted by November 26 .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 26", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reason they are picking that particular day is it allows , Brian , enough time for the aggrieved party , the losing party to file within 10 days a contest of the certification and that still allows enough time for the contest to be litigated through the courts primarily the circuit court and back to the Supreme Court if necessary and still meet the December 12 deadline for the Electoral College vote here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "10 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "the Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [305, 322]}, {"entity": "December 12", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [355, 366]}, {"entity": "Electoral College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [384, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , Greg , the only question that means anything at this hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We know their view is the hand counts should now be included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will it put Al Gore over the top in the race to match and exceed the votes of George W. Bush ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "George W. Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It very well could , although , I must say that the Gore campaign has been somewhat disappointed by the number of votes they have not received thus far in the counties that are undertaking the manual recounts , Brian , but a lot of hand counts still must be tallied .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are also including the undervotes of 10,000 in Palm Beach and junt votes of 10,000 in Miami - Dade as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "10,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Palm Beach", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "10,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "Miami - Dade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keep in mind , those were not registered by the computers because they either had a hanging chad or dimpled chad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those must be gone over by hand by each respective canvassing board .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So there are a lot of votes remaining there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a Gore campaign to the White House .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greg , just a logistic question , How long is it going take you to get the opinion run to you from the building behind you ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would say we should have it here in the next five minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next five minutes", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It depends how quickly the line moves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have two producers , I believe , near the front of the line .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It how quickly they get handed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It reversed the two orders of the earlier trial court , Circuit Court Judge Terry Lewis .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "Circuit Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "Terry Lewis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bottom line , this court rules unanimously the right of the people to have the votes counted is paramount , thus , the amended certifications to include the hand counts must be accepted by November 26 .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 26", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [193, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , it seemed to have some language here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , Brian I do have it handed to me now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let me take a the .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brian , if for some reason the Secretary of State would n't accept by the 26th , the certification , it could be certified elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "the 26th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gregg Jarrett .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I should point out , he is a former lawyer himself and so can help put this into English .", "entity": [{"entity": "English", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greg , go ahead , if you come to a passage we should hear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm flipping through the summary of enacts because that is not important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The summary of facts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You flag us when you come to the first portion we should hear aloud .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Back to the scene in Orlando Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orlando", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were here moments ago where the man in the green in the forefront of the screen there , the former POW David Williams was speaking to the crowd rather emotionally and now you see he is taking down the black and white POW flag .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I wish I could tell you which site this flag was hoisted in .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have the pictures coming in from Central Florida , News 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "News 13", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is that City Hall in Orlando , now I 'm being told .", "entity": [{"entity": "that City Hall", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "Orlando", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quite an emotional scene this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "this morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "David Williams , one of the POWs whose face we got to know in the coverage that we saw coming from Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other POWs from Iraq after they were captured and released , that dramatic release that Sunday morning when they were picked up by a squadron of Marines who had wandered in a town in Baghdad and were told where they were being kept .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Marines", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dramatic rescue and then a return home .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quite an emotional experience and one of us can only imagine what it must have been like to endure .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we said , quite an emotional moment in Orlando , Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orlando", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you see Apache helicopter pilot and his wife Michelle who was talking with us on the telephone the Sunday morning when the video came in of the rescue of the POWs and , she identified her husband and life just got better and better for her after that .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apache", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "Michelle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moving on now , in upstate New York Stock Exchange criminal charges have been filed in last month 's fraternity hazing death at Platsberg State University of New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "last month 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 100]}, {"entity": "Platsberg State University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 154]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11 members had been charged with negligent homicide for forcing 18 - year - old pledge Walter Dean Jenning to drink an excessive amount of water .", "entity": [{"entity": "11", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "18 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Walter Dean Jenning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fraternity also faces more than 150 charges for other hazing activities , as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 150", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Want to get to Florida , a massive manhunt underway where a rapist is targeting children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA testing has conclusively linked one man .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two most recent victims , age 11 and 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "age 11", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "13", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also believed one of those attacked in this string is age 79 as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "age 79", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We talked with the lieutenant in Miami and there is big time concern in the Shenandoah neighborhood , southwestern portion of Miami .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Shenandoah", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overseas in Iraq , a major operation underway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Vanity Fair 's '' columnist Daniel Fair is here .", "entity": [{"entity": "`` Vanity Fair 's ''", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Daniel Fair", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quiting in the June edition , he describes the journey .", "entity": [{"entity": "June", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said he found evidence that Hussein 's day of reckoning well overdue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Christopher Hitchens joins us from California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christopher Hitchens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good to have you with us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks for having me .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your journey , particularly to southern Iraq , what is evoked there a sense of both that you evoke is a sense of history of this regime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Give us your insights as to what you think the future holds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you mean if I start with the Past ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not at you will .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not at all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not much of a trip .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was n't up the sharp end .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was n't taking risks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was n't in a position that my dear friend was in when he was killed outside Bagdad airport but I had long thought and I was in Iraq in the previous war that really all the talk that had been about the rush to war , the push for war , the drive for war , all that propaganda , was essentially nonsensical because in 1990 , Saddam Hussein made the only self criticism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bagdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [317, 321]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [324, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said , I could either invade Kuwait or finish developing the nuclear weapon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuwait", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe before the weapon and then later he said , Oh , I should have got the nuclear weapon before I invaded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was right about that , but that means that he inaugurated at that point like a dozen - years war where the United States could be criticized for doing too little and acting too slowly but all we 're arguing about lately is to do with those that should have been finished in `91 when it could have been finished .", "entity": [{"entity": "dozen - years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "`91", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [277, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Should have taken the side of the rebels then , taken the risk of supporting a Shiite insurrection at that point , helping the Kurds , removing the regime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shiite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "Kurds", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolutely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'd be 11 years into nation building by now if we 'd done that .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That seems to be the core of the argument .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As you point out , of course , for the fact of the matter is , the mistakes of Saddam Hussein made possible his removal from power ultimately .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mistakes of the United States , again , as you point out , Norman Schwarzkopf making a peace , permitting helicopters to fly .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "Norman Schwarzkopf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still hurts me to read this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The little town I was in this southern Iraq , as far as I got , I ca n't boast of further , is where the talks took place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have the transcript of the meeting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They say , Okay , we have lost this round , Do you mind if we keep your helicopters in the air just to be able to transport things ? and he says , Yeah , that 's all right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They ask again , Are you sure they mean that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They ca n't believe the luck .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They use the gunships to kill , we think , not less than 50,000 inhabitants of southern Iraq and trying to do that to the Kurds , as well , so it was a knife edge .", "entity": [{"entity": "not less than 50,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Kurds", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it 's not just being wise after the event , I believe , to say that there was an argument in realtime between the Bush administration members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Cheney 's the only one I know that changed his mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of those that took the view at that time , think until recently they were correct in saving Saddam Hussein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , Mr. Cheney was in the chain of command with Swartzkopf and --", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Swartzkopf", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When they made the decision not to move toward Bagdad with bad information , namely , the Republican Guard absolutely devastated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bagdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "the Republican Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , well , we know now the harvest of all that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It hurts to think of how many wonderful people in Iraq at the academic community , lawyers , human rights activists , civilians , intellectuals , people -- would now be alive , who have been horribly murdered and tortured and reduced to misery since by a half application of violence through sanctions and overflights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mistakes made then , mistakes part of human experience , but now we have an opportunity not to make mistakes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it your sense that the United States is on the right track ? that there is a commitment here on the part of the United States to --", "entity": [{"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're standing by for the White House press briefing .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ari Fleischer expected to come into the West Wing briefing room to brief reporters on a wide variety of subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ari Fleischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "West Wing", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're all getting , this news in from the speech that the Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge is expected to be delivering at the international press club around 1:00 Eastern at the top of the hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Homeland Security", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 76]}, {"entity": "Tom Ridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "1:00 Eastern", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "the top of the hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [181, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're expecting that the Homeland Security Secretary will announce , that this Iraqi lawyer , who provided the information to U.S. military authority IES has been granted asylum here in the United States , together with his wife and daughter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Homeland Security", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "IES", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [187, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're currently in the Washington , D.C. area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "D.C.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An official tells our justice producer Terry Frieden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terry Frieden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So that development important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Might get more information from Secretary Tom Ridge when he delivers that speech over at the press club in the next hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Ridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "the next hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll be monitoring that as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also have an update on that disturbing development outside Baghdad , about 40 miles or so outside Baghdad in Fallujah where there was a shootout between U.S. troops and Iraqis who had been demonstrating there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "about 40 miles", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Fallujah", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [172, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karl Penhaul is joining us live on the phone with more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl Penhaul", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First of all , Karl , how many Iraqis were killed in that incident ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Karl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now back to `` people in the news . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "people in the news", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good to be ( bleep ) King .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reporter :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the success of a new television show and last year 's Oz-fest tour ready to kick off , things were looking great for Ozzy Osbourne .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "Oz-fest", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Ozzy Osbourne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sober , he was rich and surrounded by a family who loved him but once again , Ozzy 's high would hit a low .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That July , Sharon Osbourne , Ozzy 's long - time manager , wife and best friend , announced to the world that she 'd been diagnosed with colon cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "That July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Sharon Osbourne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every fiber of Ozzy was shaken .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had to be sedated for a while .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharon would have to undergo rounds of chemotherapy all summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "all summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozzy took time off from Oz-fest to tend to his wife .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Oz-fest", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ever the rock , Sharon faced cancer head on .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you go in there and people so much worse than me , and it 's like , How lucky am I to have a great support system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even with Sharon trying to make things as easy as possible on her husband , he was still a mess .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His struggle with sobriety would be tested again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozzy 's not doing too good right now .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drinking ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drinking and he 's very delicate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's , like , dealing with it the best he can .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite Sharon 's illness , it 's business as usual for the family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though pushed back , filming commenced last fall on a second season of `` the Osbournes . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "last fall", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "the Osbournes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some days when I 'm feeling bad , I say I ca n't do this anymore , and then you wake up and see the crew , and then , you know , you snap out of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The larger question loomed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How could comedy come out of chemotherapy treatments ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharon is dealing with the diagnosis and illness but what 's interesting is humor is the same .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the humor did remain the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show came back with a vengeance last fall chronicling Ozzy and Sharon dealing with cancer and the kids coping with new - found celebrity and one of the top rated shows .", "entity": [{"entity": "last fall", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ratings for the second season slid .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not banking my whole life on bringing , you know , number one rated show .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having a nervous breakdown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bubble will burst .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This year , more ups and downs .", "entity": [{"entity": "This year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharon announced in April that the cancer was in remission , but just weeks after that announcement , son Jack entered drug and alcohol rehabilitation in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sharon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "April", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "just weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His family said that his party life style caught up with him .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , with a third season set to start , will Ozzy 's role as a family man change the image in the annuls of heavy metal mad man ?", "entity": [{"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think Ozzy 's the guy that hit a head of a bat , you know ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crazy , drug taking , hard drinking , hard living rock n roller .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think what the show does is also show that you might be those things , but also might be a pretty great dad , too .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would n't be here now if it was n't for my wife .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I always loved my wife but sometimes I do n't like her and sometimes she does n't like me but we love each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I hate these people that go , we 've been married for 56 years and never had a bad word .", "entity": [{"entity": "56 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They must have been living in a different planet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozzy Osbourne 's life filled with incredible highs crashing into devastating lows .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy Osbourne 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A manic life , grounded in family values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozzy 's not going to like me saying this , but he 's a very tender , gentle man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a guy whose world revolves not so much around music as around his wife .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rock `n roll !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part of the legacy of Ozzy Osbourne is a cautionary tale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy Osbourne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's also , you know , tale that includes family love , you know , and a lot of good things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have had it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a tale that continues to unfold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No telling how long the Osbourne phenomenon may last but the family 's loyal following will always be screaming for more .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osbourne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stop screaming !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And so will Ozzy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozzy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharon !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite problems --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , joining us now , the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission , William Donaldson .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Securities and Exchange Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 78]}, {"entity": "William Donaldson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MR. chairman , it 's good to have you here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nice to be here , Lou .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's start with that surprise , the malfeasance that is crossing your desk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you suggesting corporate America has not learned its lesson yet ?", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , no .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think that quote is a little out of context there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "there are 15,000 companies in the United States , and I think the great bulk of them are very honestly managed and so forth .", "entity": [{"entity": "15,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a number of people have had egregious fraud and so forth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's been a general loosening of morals across the board .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What I was referring to in that quote you had was the number of cases we see day in and day out at the lowest levels , scams and so forth , where considerable amounts of money are being made and lost by relatively small investors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is the investor today in your judgment secure ?", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , I think that the marketplace is becoming increasingly secure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think a number of the reforms that have come via the Sarbanes - Oxley Act and a number of things that we have done at the SEC are basically making everybody take a new look at how they 're performing their duty as a director , how they 're performing their duties on audit committees and compensation committees and in Wall Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Sarbanes - Oxley Act", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [51, 75]}, {"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [321, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think the reforms that came as a part of the large settlement are going to change the way research and investment banking are done to the betterment of the individual investor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And some people are surprised and I might even add pleased in this city that your SEC has been quick to react when Phil Purcell of Morgan Stanley made a statement that your SEC did n't think and that you did n't think expressed appropriate contrition when Bear Stearns stepped out of line in the view of the SEC .", "entity": [{"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Phil Purcell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "Morgan Stanley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "Bear Stearns", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [256, 268]}, {"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [308, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was n't a polite phone call quietly made , either from your enforcement division or from your office , it was rather public .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is that the way you 're going to operate ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , Lou , we 're deadly serious about bringing reform into the marketplace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're deadly serious about some of the actions we 've taken , and when we see people who do n't appear to be taking it too seriously , we 're going to get to them right away .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I think perhaps no one more surprised than some of the people running those firms on Wall Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have also expressed concern about excessive executive compensation , particularly CEO compensation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is there really anything that can be done about this problem ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think so , Lou .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think the real next step here is for compensation committees to spend a little more time than they do on what they 're really compensating for .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think there 's been too much emphasis on performance defined strictly by stock performance and earnings per share .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think there are a number of other measures that indicate how well somebody 's doing running a company , and I think corporation boards need to spend more time on that dimension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And with you as Chairman of the SEC exercising your bully pulpit , one assumes that --", "entity": [{"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moving ahead now to a developing story , the hunt for so - called smoking gun , meant to prove that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's national security correspondent David Ensor .", "entity": [{"entity": "David Ensor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While U.S. forces still have n't found any weapons of mass destruction , the new CIA Pentagon report says officials are now confident the mysterious trucks filled with high - tech equipment found in Iraq are indeed mobile biological weapons production facilities , just as Secretary of State Powell predicted and presented the United Nations before the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [286, 291]}, {"entity": "Powell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [292, 298]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [323, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's very important to recognize that programs that we had said existed do exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though no trace of biological toxin was found in the trucks , U.S. intelligence officials say they have largely eliminated any other possible use for the fermenters and other equipment .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not everyone is convinced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They could very well be biological weapons production facilities , but I do n't think the intelligence community has made an open and shut case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CIA - Pentagon reports admits the trucks were not an efficient way to produce biological weapons , but officials argue the point for the Iraqis was to produce some and not to be caught doing it .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "Iraqis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was clearly a very inefficient way to produce anthrax , and the question is why did they invest such resources in a mobile --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some U.S. troops have not had a chance to call home since they were deployed for duty in `` Operation Iraqi Freedom . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "Operation Iraqi Freedom", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For some wives , the kindness of strangers has eased their worries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beth Basin explains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beth Basin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jamie 's husband Jack was deployed a couple of weeks ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "a couple of weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She and her daughter Jordan often shuffle through these pictures of him taken before he left .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has no idea where her husband is now , but thanks to a little help from a Delta flight attendant , she knew he got where he was going .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had taken a picture of him and everything .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with the picture , the flight attendant wrote a letter saying she was praying for Jack 's safe return .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trip to Georgia was just the first leg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He got on a flight to an undisclosed location , when Jamie got a second phone call from a flight attendant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He asked us to call you to let you know he 's okay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And she told us that he whipped out pictures of our kids and everything and showed all the family pictures and stuff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jamie is not the only military wife who received a photo and letter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her friend Anna also got one .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turns out Anna 's husband flew out on the same flight as Jack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Jack", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a small gesture , Anna says it 's meant a great deal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It made me realize that someone out there does care about my husband and the rest of the military , and it 's not all anti-war .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though neither of the women have ever met the flight attendants , they say they 'll never forget their act of kindness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We get thousands of e-mail from our viewers every day .", "entity": [{"entity": "thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "every day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's what some of you are saying as far as our coverage of the top stories is concerned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "William writes this --", "entity": [{"entity": "William", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Please continue to write to us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We love hearing from you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just go to our Website , cnn.com/wolf .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We read all of your e-mail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much more coverage of the new Iraq and --", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we said , earlier this week , Christine Todd Whitman stepped down and now a whole lot of analysis is taking place as to why she stepped down , the job she 's done when she was in office and the job that has yet to be complete .", "entity": [{"entity": "earlier this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "Christine Todd Whitman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From our New York bureau as I was introducing a moment ago , Dan Fagen , the environment writer for News Day .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "Dan Fagen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "News Day", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "and Dan , Whitman did consider herself sort of the Republican environmentalist , but now there 's been an awful lot of Monday night quarterback quarterbacking taking place now that she 's stepped down .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Whitman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "Monday night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What do you suppose took place here ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think many people have watched this administration in action and watched Christy Whitman in action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christy Whitman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mystery is that she took the job in the first place or did n't leave earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was quite a misfit for this administration , and she showed that over and over .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was not good at all at communicating the administration 's message to the public and certainly to the environmental groups and she was even worse at bringing the EPA bureaucracy , the EPA environmental policy makers ' message to this administration because she saw herself undercut over and over .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [188, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's interesting because leading into it , while she was New Jersey governor , she sued the EPA and she was very much considering herself to be an environmentalist , and then only to end up becoming the head of the EPA and then of course , there was a lot of criticism over relaxed regulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Jersey", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [218, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's hear what she had to say last Wednesday here on CNN just after announcing her resignation .", "entity": [{"entity": "last Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not leaving because of clashes with the administration , in fact , I have n't had any .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I report to the President , and he has always asked me to give him my best unadulterated advice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have have been on the same page .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was never supportive of protocol because it did n't do what everyone needs to get done as far as climate change is concerned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm leaving now because it 's the appropriate time to do it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dan , do you agree with that ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She says the appropriate time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you suppose for personal reasons or perhaps she was out of step with the administration ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm sure that it was difficult for her personally , but I think the commuter marriage perhaps would have been less stressful if everyday she did n't see herself being undermined and overruled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean if Christy Whitman and the White House were on the same page , I do n't think I 've seen a book large enough to contain a page that big .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christy Whitman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over and over there were many , many instances over the last --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moving on to the Laci Peterson case Bill , an unusual request from Scott Peterson 's attorney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laci Peterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Bill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Scott Peterson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pair of Laci Peterson 's missing shoes could be very important evidence in Scott 's murder trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laci Peterson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is asking anyone who finds the pair to give them back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No sign of Geragos or Peterson in court yesterday when a judge was considering whether to unseal warrants obtained before Scott Peterson 's arrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geragos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Peterson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Scott Peterson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Joining us , Beth Caras .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beth Caras", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good morning once again .", "entity": [{"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thanks for being with us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dixie Chicks are the big winners at the Country Music Awards in Nashville .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Dixie Chicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "the Country Music Awards", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "Nashville", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group won four awards -- Entertainer of the Year , Best Vocal Group , Best Album for `` Fly , '' and Music Video of the Year for `` Goodbye , Earl . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Entertainer of the Year", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [29, 52]}, {"entity": "Best Vocal Group", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "Best Album", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "Fly", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "Music Video of the Year", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [105, 128]}, {"entity": "Goodbye , Earl", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [136, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Faith Hill received the Female Vocalist award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Faith Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Female Vocalist", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Husband Tim M Graw got the Male Vocalist honor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tim M Graw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Male Vocalist", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The summit is coinciding with more unrest in several areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip .", "entity": [{"entity": "West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Gaza Strip", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Nine people were injured in Gaza when gunmen opened fire on an Israeli bus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Gaza", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The passengers were off - duty Israeli security workers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Witnesses say the shots came from the Palestinian international airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak closed down the two - year - old airport in response to the incident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Ehud Barak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "two - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "They regard the airport as a symbol of emerging statehood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A runway mix - up apparently caused Tuesday 's plane crash in Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigators say the Singapore Airlines jet should have been on runway Five - Left , but instead , it was on Five - Right , a parallel runway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Singapore Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Five - Left", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Five - Right", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plane hit construction equipment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's part of it right there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigators say they do n't know why it was on the wrong runway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was raining at the time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They hope the plane 's flight recorder will help solve the mystery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pilot is being kept in Taiwan for questioning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "81 people were killed in the accident , which took place amid poor visibility and driving rain .", "entity": [{"entity": "81", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The airport has no ground radar , so air traffic controllers could not have known the pilot took a wrong turn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Russian Navy spokesman says bad weather could complicate the work to recover bodies from the sunken nuclear submarine `` Kursk . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "Kursk", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russian and Norwegian divers successfully removed a rubber coating between the inner and outer hulls of sub yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Norwegian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "An unexpected surge in the unemployment lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Myron Kandel at the cnnfn newsdesk in New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myron Kandel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "cnnfn", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New claims for jobless benefits are moving upward .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First time claims jumped by 7,000 last week , surprising analysts , and the four - week average hit its highest level since January of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "First", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "7,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "four - week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "January of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [124, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Hello from Atlanta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our top story this half hour , the man responsible for U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf says there was no specific threat of an imminent attack in the Yemeni port of Aden before a bomb ripped into the `` USS Cole '' there this month .", "entity": [{"entity": "this half hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "the Persian Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "the `` USS Cole ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [196, 214]}, {"entity": "this month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [221, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Army General Tommy Franks , head of the U.S. Central Command , today testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee to answer questions about the attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Tommy Franks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "the U.S. Central Command", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 60]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "the Senate Armed Services Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He told lawmakers it would not trigger a U.S. retreat from the Persian Gulf , even though troops remain at risk to terrorism .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "the Persian Gulf", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17 sailors were killed and dozens were injured when the explosion blew a huge hole into the hull of the Navy destroyer as it was refueling in Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "dozens", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Franks said U.S. war ships have made almost 30 safe visits to Aden since January of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "almost 30", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "January of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added the attack is already the subject of an intense investigation by many agencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're determined to get to the bottom of this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll put the events that led up to `` Cole '' under a microscope , and , in fact , we 've begun that process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will find the facts we need to find , and we 'll use the lessons that we learn from `` Cole '' to provide the best possible force protection for our troops in one of the most dangerous regions of the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two Americans have won this year 's Nobel Prize for economics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is giving the award to James J. Heckman of the University of Chicago and University of California at Berkeley professor Daniel L. McFadden .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "James J. Heckman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "the University of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "University of California at Berkeley", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 147]}, {"entity": "Daniel L. McFadden", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Academy says it 's for their theories and methods widely used in analyzing work and living habits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will share the prize award of $ 915,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "915,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The economics prize is the fourth in a week of awards announced by the Nobel Academy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "a week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "the Nobel Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A special heavy - lift ship is due to arrive in Yemen tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will carry the damaged `` USS Cole '' back to the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "the United States", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The October attack on the `` Cole '' killed 17 sailors .", "entity": [{"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A toward U.S. Army general and U.S. Navy admiral have arrived in Aden .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S. Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "U.S. Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Aden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 'll assist in the investigation of the bombing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will also review military procedures and intelligence operations in Yemen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hottest gift this Christmas could be Sony 's new PlayStation 2 , but good luck finding one .", "entity": [{"entity": "this Christmas", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "PlayStation 2", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Greg Lefevre reports , many stores have sold out of the game even before its release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Lefevre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming to a retailer near you , PlayStation pandemonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "PlayStation", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sony 's long - awaited release of its latest video game console is guaranteed to pump up the volume on video game sales , already a $ 7 billion business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "$ 7 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kids are spending $ 50 to $ 70 , you know , a pop on these games .", "entity": [{"entity": "50", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "70", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's money here !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The price ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 300 .", "entity": [{"entity": "300", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [2, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lot by current standards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's great .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact that it can also be a DVD player .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You see a very wide environment with a lot of detail in the background .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dazzling speed and bright graphics are dampened by a tight supply of units .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sony promised to debut with a million of the consoles , then cut that in half .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "a million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opening day is Thursday at midnight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Opening day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "midnight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many stores took orders and sold out in advance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of our customers who participated in our presale list will get it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the others ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's going to be people all over the place trying to beat you out because most gamers , you know , they 're gamers ! they 're strategizing , figuring it out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sony plans 100,000 more each week , a fraction of the current demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sony", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "100,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With that magic combination of high demand and short supply , PlayStation 2 is assured to be this year 's must have , ca n't get Christmas gift .", "entity": [{"entity": "PlayStation 2", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know my sons are hyped up with this , but they are with every game release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the latest chapter in the industry 's game of leapfrog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , Sega 's Dreamcast blew minds and the competition , and next year , Microsoft promises its X-box game console and Nintendo will release its next - generation machine , the GameCube .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Sega", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Dreamcast", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Microsoft", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "X-box", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "Nintendo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "GameCube", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer gaming is mainstream .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age groups span the generations , and it 's absolutely no longer guys only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greg Lefevre , CNN , San Francisco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greg Lefevre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada is on the path to becoming the third country to allow gay marriage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The federal government will not appeal the court ruling that cleared the way for same - sex unions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prime Minister Jean Chretien says the government will now draft legislation legalizing gay marriages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean Chretien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the U.S. government , can withhold the names of people detained as part of the 9 / 11 investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "9 / 11", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's the decision from a federal appeals court reversing a lower court ruling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Justice Department argued that releasing the names could hamper ongoing investigations .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Justice Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we 've been reporting , only within the past hour or so , there 's been a shooting incident in central Israel , not far from the West Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past hour or so", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "the West Bank", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 7 - year - old Israeli girl has died .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [2, 16]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two others , her father apparently and another sister , have been wounded in this incident .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're going to continue to get more details on this late - breaking development and bring you those details when we have them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An occasion that marked the formal establishment between our two countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then this relationship has grown in importance to us both through good times and bad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both of my generation and Britain have special pause to remember the unacceptable sacrifice the Russian people made to defeat fascism in the Second World War .", "entity": [{"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "the Second World War", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [137, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nothing , not even the fact that our countries became estranged in the war 's aftermath , has ever dimmed our memory of the scale of your loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That experience should continue to inspire us , as we seek to build a more peaceful and secure world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When I visited your country in 1994 , I recall saying to President Yeltsin that he and I spent most of our lives believing such a visit would never happen , and that I hoped he was as delighted as I was to be proved wrong .", "entity": [{"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "Yeltsin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm just as delighted now , nine years later , to be able to welcome you here and to learn about the great changes which have occurred in your country since I was there .", "entity": [{"entity": "nine years later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Russia has established itself as our partner and our friend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We work together bilatarily and on the international stage , and we are developing new links all the time in fields of commerce , culture , counterterrorism , energy , education environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I know you will be seeing evidence of some of this during your visit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. President , it is , I believe , a sign of genuine friendship that we are able to have disagreements , but remain firm partners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is no secret that the significant differences between our two countries earlier this year on how best to handle Iraq , but we are now able to look forward together firmly in agreement on the route we have decided in the United Nations , although , the tragic loss of British lives today reminds us all of the difficulties to be faced .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [219, 237]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [270, 277]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [284, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But as we look ahead , we know that our long - term partnership is of profound importance to both of us .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is clearly evident , if we look beyond the challenges of international politics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last few months alone , we have heard the announcements of major investments in Russia by British companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 22]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also heard a different sign of Sir Paul McCartney playing to enthusiastic crowds in Red Square , and we , in turn , have been enthralled by the celebrations of your own city in Petersburg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul McCartney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Red Square", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "Petersburg", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [185, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , work continues to bring the young people of our countries closer together through language , teaching , school exchanges and university programs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have a vibrant and exciting relationship from which we both derive mass benefit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. President , your country is rich --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convicted rapist and Max Factor heir Andrew Luster is back in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Factor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Andrew Luster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luster returned to Los Angeles yesterday from Mexico following his capture Tuesday by American bounty hunters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luster skipped bail during his trial in January for raping and drugging three women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "January", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was sentenced in abstentia to 124 years in prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "124 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another story out of Belgrade , violence at the highest form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Serbian Prime Minister , Zoran Djindjic has died of his wounds after being shot , an assassination attempt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serbian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Zoran Djindjic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently , he was on his way to greet reporters at the time outside the main government office there in Belgrade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All this happening about 90 minutes ago based on the wire reports we 're getting here .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 90 minutes ago", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [19, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The word from Serbia , Zoran Djindjic , the Prime Minister , is dead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Zoran Djindjic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier reports said he was shot in the back , as well as the stomach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the Dixie Chicks open their U.S. tour tomorrow night in Greenville , South Carolina .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Dixie Chicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "tomorrow night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "Greenville", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "South Carolina", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The popular band has been criticized within country music circles for comments by lead singer Natalie Maines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Natalie Maines", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said she was embarrassed to be from the same state as President Bush .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She has since apologized for her remarks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hmm , those Dixie Chicks .", "entity": [{"entity": "those Dixie Chicks", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking of chicks -- call it puppy love , call it maternal instinct , but , mostly it 's just out of the ordinary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrea Ash from Kezi in Portland has this story of chicken that decided to take a new day job .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrea Ash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Kezi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "Portland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People have long struggled with the question , Why did the chicken cross the road ? - but all the Scott family wants to know is , Why did a chicken adopt their ten new puppies ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every time we looked out our window it was like , What is she doing in there ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It looks so out of place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's just funny .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The puppies were born Easter Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Easter Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after , one of the family 's three chickens flew the coop and took up residence in the crate built especially for the puppies .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They goes in there and nuzzles with the puppies , or lays her eggs and sits there with the mother .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're just all happy , a little family in there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At first the sight shocked the Scott family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They tried to shoo the hen away but she kept coming back , even putting up baby gates to try to keep the chicken out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No match for her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She simply flew over .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also got past the puppies ' protective father .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I am going to sit with these punies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Scotts ran it past their vet and the vet assured them , as long as the hen left her crate to do business , she was no harm to the pup .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scotts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family says the chicken keeps the place clean , so she 's free to stay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pretty good relationship with that chicken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She does n't mind them crawling around underneath her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the mom comes in , the puppies know exactly where to go for milk -- sort of a little confusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pups do n't exactly know the difference between fur and feathers yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After all , they 're only a week old .", "entity": [{"entity": "a week old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eventually they all find the real mom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No one knows what will happen as the pups grow older and are able to open their eyes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chances are , they 'll always have a fondness from one hen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those puppies are in for a heck of a surprise when they do open their eyes , are n't they ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The puppies come home to roost !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's a good one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was a great story .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll try to follow that in our next half hour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll tell you what the FTC is doing to crack down on internet auction fraud .", "entity": [{"entity": "FTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That and the top stories in just two minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "just two minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Mike Galanos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike Galanos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And I 'm Rudi Bakhtiar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudi Bakhtiar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We leave you with sounds from Willie Nelson , the country legend is celebrating his 70th birthday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Willie Nelson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "70th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is CNN `` Headline News Tonight . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breaking news out of Long Beach , a situation with a standoff involving a 2 - year - old and a man with a gun , this one having a peaceful ending .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Beach", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "2 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is near the Long Beach Airport and involved a city bus .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Long Beach Airport", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [13, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A man who had assault , he actually had assault with a deadly weapon , this is pictures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Look at that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Man spread - eagle with a two - year - old child .", "entity": [{"entity": "two - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The officer is going to go in and swoop her away .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As we understand it , the man had the child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was inside of the city bus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Police surrounded this bus near the airport with guns drawn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The man came out and did the spread - eagle like that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just as he did that , that 's when you saw the child just walking just a few feet away from him but the officers were able to get the child away .", "entity": [{"entity": "just a few feet", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They handcuffed the man and they took him into custody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That was after he had actually barricaded himself inside that bus with the child .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So that one coming to a peaceful ending , what could have been a very gruesome situation involving that two - year - old child in Southern California .", "entity": [{"entity": "two - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That one is over in Long Beach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long Beach", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welcome and good evening , everyone .", "entity": [{"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mike is off tonight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mike", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our top story of the evening -- Martha Stewart is stepping down as head of her media empire .", "entity": [{"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Martha Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She announced her decision to vacate her post as chief executive of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia , following word of a federal indictment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a statement , she says she 's stepping aside in the best interest of the company , but she will stay on the board of directors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stewart pleaded not guilty to a nine - count indictment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charges include conspiracy to obstruct justice and perjury connected to an insider trading scandal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government also filed civil charges against her .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is charged with using insider information to bail out of a biotech stock the day before its price tanked , and then trying to cover it up .", "entity": [{"entity": "the day before", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her stockbroker was also charged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If convicted on all counts , Stewart faces up to 30 years in prison and $ 2 million in fines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stewart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "up to 30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "$ 2 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Palestinian terrorist leader wanted for a deadly 1985 cruise ship hijacking is in U.S. custody in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 13]}, {"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. sources tell CNN Mohammed `` Abu '' Abbas was captured about 50 miles west of Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "Mohammed `` Abu '' Abbas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 46]}, {"entity": "about 50 miles", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palestinian sources say he had tried to flee into Syria , but was turned away at the border .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October of 1985 , four hijackers under his command took over the Italian cruise ship `` Achille Lauro '' and killed a wheelchair - bound American tourist , Leo Klinghoffer .", "entity": [{"entity": "October of 1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "`` Achille Lauro ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "Leo Klinghoffer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abbas was convicted in absentia by an Italian court and sentenced to five life terms in prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abbas", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A federal appeals court will decide how long dirty bomb suspect Jose Padilla can be retained and whether he can meet with attorneys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jose Padilla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The U.S. attorney says Padilla is an enemy combattant and not entitled to counsel .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Padilla", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is accused of attempting to ignite a dirty bomb in this country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "USAirways is flying its way out of bankruptcy .", "entity": [{"entity": "USAirways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company which lost nearly $ 4 billion over the past two years has cut its annual costs by nearly $ 2 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "nearly $ 4 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "the past two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "nearly $ 2 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of that was saved by cutting employee wages and benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dow is down , you see there , just about almost 140 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "almost 140", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nasdaq down 20 and the S&P is down , as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "20", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the markets are continuing their negative trend from last week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll keep our eye on that .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coming up right here , next hour on Live From , terror tactics on the battlefield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Live From", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it a taste of more to come in Iraq ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 'll talk with a terror expert about that , and Iraqi deserters on the northern front , Ben Wedeman has their story why they 're no longer fighting for Saddam Hussein and Don Shepperd is going to answer some of your questions as he looks at the battle hot spots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Ben Wedeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Saddam Hussein", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 168]}, {"entity": "Don Shepperd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now let 's go back to Wolf Blitzer in Kuwait City for more special coverage of the war in Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolf Blitzer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "Kuwait City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It looks like an annual tradition is building .", "entity": [{"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "80,000 people with a shared love of music converge on a Tennessee pasture for three days of good vibes and who knows what else .", "entity": [{"entity": "80,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "three days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's called Bonnaroo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonnaroo", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Check it out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bonnaroo is kind of this going example of what the whole jam band community is turned in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bonnaroo", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's what I really like about the jam community , its acceptance of improvizational music , despite whatever region or genre .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's about the freedom of the music and the freedom of expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well , we sold all 80,000 tickets through our web site .", "entity": [{"entity": "80,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sold out in 16 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "16 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I mean , the amazing thing is , we used no traditional advertising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We put all these bands together .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It draws a huge audience , so the record companies and the music business has to take all of these forms of music more seriously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's like strength in numbers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I hope this kind of thing can happen in America , instead of it just being these isolated festivals like Bonnaroo , it really can happen in 100 cities every summer , like the festivals do in Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Bonnaroo", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [191, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My only complaint is the overlapping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You know , as a music lover that I am , there 's five acts all playing at the same time on five different stages that I want to see .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It really comes from the actual bands and the fact that there 's this grassroots following that 's been there , you know , for a long time , primarily started by the Grateful Dead , at least the future by the Grateful Dead .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Grateful Dead", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [162, 179]}, {"entity": "the Grateful Dead", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will get by we will survive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're carrying on a tradition that started a long time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In American music , improvization is what it 's always been about .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not just clapping and having a good time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It makes you feel a certain kind of love , and hopefully , that translates in the community .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You go out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You hug someone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You do something good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You make a better world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For me , that 's music .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We love you .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central Command has determined that Baghdad Airport is unusable for normal air operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central Command", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Baghdad Airport", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Military officials will not say whether damage to the runways is going to limit operation there , but they know there are underground bunkers there and some other areas that may be of use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centcom also says 2500 Republican Guard troops have surrendered to U.S. Marines between Kut and Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Centcom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "2500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Republican Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "U.S. Marines", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Kut", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Military officials say the Baghdad Republican Guard division is no longer an effective fighting force .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baghdad Republican Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All one of the many young faces that bear the heavy mark of war .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story of one boy who 's lucky enough to be alive .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm Mary Snow with this check of headlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Snow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American Airlines ' fate is hanging on its flight attendant 's union , its narrowly rejected union today .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Airlines '", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the workers do n't approve the steep cutbacks American says it will file for bankruptcy .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yesterday American pilots mechanics approved their share $ 1.8 billion in labor concession .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "$ 1.8 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American warns it will seek more layoffs if it does file for Chapter 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Chapter 11", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Number of companies are planning to cut their payrolls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motorola saying it will eliminate another 3,000 jobs , 3 % of its work force .", "entity": [{"entity": "Motorola", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's look at the latest numbers on the Dow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wall Street stocks are mixed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dow industrials down 64 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "64 points", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nasdaq up about 13 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "13 points", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's the latest from Wall Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wall Street", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN Live Today continues after this .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN Live Today", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two main suspects in the bombing of the `` USS Cole '' could be charged as soon as Tuesday , according to Associated Press .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "the `` USS Cole ''", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "as soon as Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "Associated Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The news agency is quoting a Yemeni source who says the investigators have wrapped up their questioning and will hand the case over to prosecutors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The suspects could be executed if they are convicted of the attack .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The explosion in Aden Harbor killed 17 U.S. sailors and injured another 39 last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aden Harbor", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "another 39", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U.S. investigators suspect the terrorist bombing is the result of an international conspiracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trial of two Libyans accused of bombing Pam Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie , Scotland , is entering its final stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Libyans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Pam Am", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "103", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Lockerbie", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trial resumed in the Netherlands today after a month - long delay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testimony abruptly came to a close when one of the defendants scrapped plans to take the witness stand .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closing arguments are scheduled for tomorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two men are charged with murder and conspiracy in connection with the 1988 bombing that killed 270 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "270", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Armed conflict in the Balkans puts an international spotlight on a Serb leader .", "entity": [{"entity": "Balkans", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Serb", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bob Glascoff looks at Slobodan Milosevic 's rise to power , and his recent political setback , in today 's edition of `` Headliners . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Bob Glascoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Headliners", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In December of 1990 , Slobodan Milosevic is elected President in Serbia 's first free elections in 50 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "December of 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Serbia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "50 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milosevic headed Yugoslavia 's state - run gas company and was President of a major Belgrade bank climbing the political ladder as a Communist technocrat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Belgrade", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He used his rising popularity amongst the Serb people to oust former mentor Ivan Stambolic and take over as President of the Serbian republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serb", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "Ivan Stambolic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Serbian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brutal efforts to create a Serb - dominated Yugoslavia earned him the nickname `` Butcher of the Balkans . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Serb", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many speculated that Milosevic , whose parents and uncle committed suicide , might be mentally unbalanced himself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutionally barred from serving a third term as Serbian President , he clung to power by having the federal parliament elect him President of Yugoslavia .", "entity": [{"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Serbian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milosevic was defeated by opposition leader Vojislave Kostunica in presidential elections this year , but refused to accept the results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Vojislave Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Faced with massive demonstrations and Russia 's backing of Kostunica , he agreed to step down in October .", "entity": [{"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With `` Headliners , '' I 'm Bob Glascoff .", "entity": [{"entity": "Headliners", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Bob Glascoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chief U.N. war crimes prosecutor has arrived in Yugoslavia to demand the extradition of former President Slobodan Milosevic .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.N.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Yugoslavia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "Slobodan Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carla Ponte is expected to meet today with Milosevic 's successor , Vojislav Kostunica , a critic of the War Crimes Tribunal at The Hague .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carla Ponte", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Vojislav Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "the War Crimes Tribunal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 124]}, {"entity": "The Hague", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's suggested Milosevic and others stand trial in a Yugoslav court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kostunica said Milosevic and others should be tried in a Yugoslav court .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kostunica", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Milosevic", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "Yugoslav", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The damaged `` USS Cole '' comes home today .", "entity": [{"entity": "USS Cole", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's due to arrive in Pascagoula , Mississippi , this morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pascagoula", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The destroyer was christened there five years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "five years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repairs are expected to cost about $ 240 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "about $ 240 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [29, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yemeni and U.S. authorities are still investigating the October bombing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemeni", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17 sailors were killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "17", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yemen 's Prime Minister says at least three Yemenis will go on trial next month in connection with the attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "at least three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Yemenis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "next month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're suspected of belonging to an international terrorist network .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Checking the top stories -- this is one of the busiest travel weekends of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "travel weekends", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AAA estimates 61 million Americans will be heading somewhere between this weekend and New Year 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "61 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "this weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "New Year 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's two million more than last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "two million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holiday shoppers across the U.S. are flocking to malls this weekend to complete their lists and find last - minute items .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "this weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "last - minute", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of warnings that consumers are spending less this season , officials from the National Retail Federation say most merchants will turn in a respectable holiday showing .", "entity": [{"entity": "this season", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "the National Retail Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And President Clinton met with Israeli and Palestinian peace negotiators today to decide his next move in pushing for a Mideast peace agreement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Palestinian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "Mideast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nickelodeon 's latest cartoon series is about a boy with a disability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickelodeon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gloria Hillard takes a look at what the show `` Pelswick '' means to some children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gloria Hillard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Pelswick", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imagine being able to visit Nickelodeon to see how they make cartoons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickelodeon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's the Beavers and all his friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beavers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's awesome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "15 - year - old Nicky Barischoff and 12 - year - old Allison Gray are best friends .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Nicky Barischoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "12 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "Allison Gray", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're also each other 's biggest fans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's the singer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like , I ca n't sing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Nicky and Allison also have cerebral palsy , and their visit to Nickelodeon coincides with the network 's debut of `` Pelswick , '' an animated series about a 13 - year - old boy in a wheelchair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Allison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Nickelodeon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Pelswick", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "13 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [159, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As much as I 'd love to spend every day after school sucking up to teachers instead of hanging with my friends , I do n't want this job .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series is created by nationally syndicated cartoonist and author John Callahan , who is a quadriplegic .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Callahan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We just felt he understands how to reach people and how to reach kids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think kids lead the way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kids lead the way in diversity , because they 're very accepting of other kids in terms of who they are , and who they really are as people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "Fox TV 's `` Malcolm in the Middle '' also features a young boy who uses a wheelchair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fox TV 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "`` Malcolm in the Middle ''", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [10, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are good cookies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allison says she hopes there will be other shows that feature kids like her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allison", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That way --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "The two best friends met in acting school .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now they 've got a chance to see what it 's like to be a voice actor for cartoons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like anyone hearing their own voice for the first time , well , they giggled a lot .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is so weird .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And when they heard their cartoon voices --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How are your voices sounding in there ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm so working here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My dream is to become a playwright , an actress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would love to be a diva .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And those dreams were a little closer to coming true this day , and with shows like `` Pelswick , '' they say -- well , when they get a little older , maybe people wo n't even look down first .", "entity": [{"entity": "this day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Pelswick", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not down here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm up here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gloria Hillard , `` CNN Entertainment News , '' Los Angeles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gloria Hillard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "CNN Entertainment News", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [20, 42]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Clinton is going prime time tonight to bid farewell to Americans in a televised address .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The speech is being billed as a thank - you to the people who twice voted him into the White House and supported him even at his lowest moments .", "entity": [{"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yesterday , Mr. Clinton spoke to supporters in his home state of Arkansas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Arkansas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was the last of several speeches he has made in recent weeks to his backers across the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawyers in Texas are trying to keep their client from becoming the 300th person executed in the state since 1982 , when Texas resumed capital punishment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "300th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "1982", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They 're asking the Supreme Court to block tonight 's scheduled execution of Delma Banks .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Delma Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Banks was convicted of shooting and killing a 16 - year - old at a park in 1980 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Banks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "16 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His lawyers say his trial attorney did a bad job and the prosecutors improperly kept African - Americans off his jury .", "entity": [{"entity": "African - Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 'd be the 11th killer put to death in Texas this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "11th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Al Gore wo n't be the next U.S. President , but he has a slim chance of becoming the next President at Harvard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "Harvard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gore holds a degree from the university , and is one of about 500 people nominated for the job .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "about 500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A school official talked about the Vice President 's chances during an interview with `` the Boston Globe . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "`` the Boston Globe", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He says it 's unlikely Gore will be selected , because he does n't have enough experience in the academic world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While corn and soybean prices have slumped well below their drought - induced peaks of 1988 , wheat prices remain stubbornly high .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they 're likely to stay that way for months to come , analysts say .", "entity": [{"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For one thing , even with many farmers planting more winter wheat this year than last , tight wheat supplies are likely to support prices well into 1990 , the analysts say .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And if rain does n't fall soon across many of the Great Plains ' wheat - growing areas , yields in the crop now being planted could be reduced , further squeezing supplies .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Great Plains '", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also supporting prices are expectations that the Soviet Union will place substantial buying orders over the next few months .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "the next few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By next May 31 , stocks of U.S. wheat to be carried over into the next season -- before the winter wheat now being planted is harvested -- are projected to drop to 443 million bushels .", "entity": [{"entity": "next May 31", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "the next season", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "443 million bushels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [164, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That would be the lowest level since the early 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "the early 1970s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stocks were 698 million bushels on May 31 of this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "698 million bushels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "May 31 of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to dwindling domestic supplies , Agriculture Secretary Clayton Yeutter last month said the U.S. government would slightly increase the number of acres farmers can plant in wheat for next year and still qualify for federal support payments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agriculture", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "Clayton Yeutter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [194, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government estimates that the new plan will boost production next year by about 66 million bushels .", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "about 66 million bushels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [78, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It now estimates production for next year at just under 2.6 billion bushels , compared with this year 's estimated 2.04 billion and a drought - stunted 1.81 billion in 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "just under 2.6 billion bushels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [45, 75]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "2.04 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "1.81 billion", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [168, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the full effect on prices of the winter wheat now being planted wo n't be felt until the second half of next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "the second half of next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until then , limited stocks are likely to keep prices near the $ 4 - a - bushel level , analysts say .", "entity": [{"entity": "4", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [65, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the Chicago Board of Trade Friday , wheat for December delivery settled at $ 4.0675 a bushel , unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Chicago Board of Trade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 29]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "December", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "4.0675", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In theory at least , tight supplies next spring could leave the wheat futures market susceptible to a supply - demand squeeze , said Daniel Basse , a futures analyst with AgResource Co. in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "next spring", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Daniel Basse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "AgResource Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 185]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a situation can wreak havoc , as was shown by the emergency that developed in soybean futures trading this summer on the Chicago Board of Trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "this summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "the Chicago Board of Trade", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In July , the CBOT ordered Ferruzzi Finanziaria S.p . A. to liquidate futures positions equal to about 23 million bushels of soybeans .", "entity": [{"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "CBOT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Ferruzzi Finanziaria S.p . A.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 56]}, {"entity": "about 23 million bushels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [97, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exchange said it feared that some members would n't be able to find enough soybeans to deliver and would have to default on their contractual obligation to the Italian conglomerate , which had refused requests to reduce its holdings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ferruzzi has denied it was trying to manipulate the soybean futures market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferruzzi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unseasonably hot , dry weather across large portions of the Great Plains and in wheat - growing areas in Washington and Oregon is threatening to reduce the yield from this season 's winter wheat crop , said Conrad Leslie , a futures analyst and head of Leslie Analytical in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Great Plains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "season", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "winter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [182, 188]}, {"entity": "Conrad Leslie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [207, 220]}, {"entity": "Leslie Analytical", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [253, 270]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [274, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , in the Oklahoma panhandle , 40 % or more of the topsoil is short of moisture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oklahoma", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That figure climbs to about 47 % in wheat - growing portions of Kansas , he said .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 47 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Kansas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Soviet Union has n't given any clear indication of its wheat purchase plans , but many analysts expect Moscow to place sizable orders for U.S. wheat in the next few months , further supporting prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "the next few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [156, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Wheat prices will increasingly pivot off of Soviet demand '' in coming weeks , predicted Richard Feltes , vice president , research , for Refco Inc. in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "coming weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "Richard Feltes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "Refco Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looking ahead to other commodity markets this week :", "entity": [{"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orange Juice Traders will be watching to see how long and how far the price decline that began Friday will go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late Thursday , after the close of trading , the market received what would normally have been a bullish U.S. Department of Agriculture estimate of the 1989 - 90 Florida orange crop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Late Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "U.S. Department of Agriculture", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 135]}, {"entity": "1989 - 90", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was near the low range of estimates , at 130 million 90 - pound boxes , compared with 146.6 million boxes last season .", "entity": [{"entity": "130 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "90 - pound", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "146.6 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "last season", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , as expected , Brazil waited for the crop estimate to come out and then cut the export price of its juice concentrate to about $ 1.34 a pound from around $ 1.55 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "about $ 1.34", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "around $ 1.55", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 's consequent selling of futures contracts erased whatever supportive effect the U.S. report might have had and sent the November orange juice contract down as much as 6.55 cents a pound at one time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "as much as 6.55 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [164, 185]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [197, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It settled with a loss of 4.95 cents at $ 1.3210 a pound .", "entity": [{"entity": "4.95 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "1.3210", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazilian juice , after a delay caused by drought at the start of its crop season , is beginning to arrive in the U.S. in large quantities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "the start of its crop season", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 81]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brazil wants to stimulate demand for its product , which is going to be in plentiful supply .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brazil", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The price cut , one analyst said , appeared to be aimed even more at Europe , where consumption of Brazilian juice has fallen .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Brazilian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's a dollar - priced product , and the strong dollar has made it more expensive in Europe , the analyst said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York futures prices have dropped significantly from more than $ 2 a pound at midyear .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "more than $ 2", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "midyear", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barring a cold snap or other crop problems in the growing areas , downward pressure on prices is likely to continue into January , when harvesting and processing of oranges in Florida reach their peak , the analyst said .", "entity": [{"entity": "January", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although some analysts look for profit - taking in the wake of Friday 's leap in crude oil prices , last week 's rally is generally expected to continue this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "last week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I would continue to look for a stable crude market , at least in futures '' trading , said William Hinton , an energy futures broker with Stotler & Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Hinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "Stotler & Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday capped a week of steadily rising crude oil prices in both futures and spot markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "a week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the New York Mercantile Exchange , West Texas Intermediate crude for November delivery finished at $ 20.89 a barrel , up 42 cents on the day .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Mercantile Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 35]}, {"entity": "West Texas Intermediate", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [38, 61]}, {"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "20.89", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "42 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On European markets , meanwhile , spot prices of North Sea crudes were up 35 to 75 cents a barrel .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "North Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "35", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "75 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This market still wants to go higher , '' said Nauman Barakat , a first vice president at Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nauman Barakat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He predicted that the November contract will reach $ 21.50 a barrel or more on the New York Mercantile Exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "21.50", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "the New York Mercantile Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been little news to account for such buoyancy in the oil markets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts generally cite a lack of bearish developments as well as rumors of a possible tightening of supplies of some fuels and crudes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There also are recurring reports that the Soviet Union is having difficulties with its oil exports and that Nigeria has about reached its production limit and ca n't produce as much as it could sell .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many traders foresee a tightening of near - term supplies , particularly of high - quality crudes such as those produced in the North Sea and in Nigeria .", "entity": [{"entity": "the North Sea", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 137]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Financial Corp. of Santa Barbara filed suit against former stock speculator Ivan F. Boesky and Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. , charging they defrauded the thrift by concealing their relationship when persuading it to buy $ 284 million in high - yield , high - risk junk bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Financial Corp. of Santa Barbara", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "Ivan F. Boesky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 122]}, {"entity": "$ 284 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [219, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a suit filed in federal court Thursday , the S&L alleged that a `` disproportionate number '' of the bonds it purchased in 1984 declined in value .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thursday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Financial Corp. purchased the bonds , the suit alleged , after Mr. Boesky and Drexel negotiated an agreement for Vagabond Hotels to purchase a 51 % stake in the thrift for about $ 34 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Financial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Boesky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "Drexel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Vagabond Hotels", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "51 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "about $ 34 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [172, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vagabond Hotels was controlled by Mr. Boesky , who currently is serving a prison term for securities violations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vagabond Hotels", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Boesky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials at Drexel said they had n't seen the suit and thus could n't comment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drexel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to $ 33 million compensatory damages , the suit seeks $ 100 million in punitive damages .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 33 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "$ 100 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also named in the suit is Ivan F. Boesky Corp. and Northview Corp. , the successor company to Vagabonds Hotels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ivan F. Boesky Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "Northview Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "Vagabonds Hotels", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northview officials could n't be located .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northview", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Financial Corp. said it agreed to buy the bonds after a representative of Ivan F. Boesky Corp. visited it in November 1983 and said Financial Corp. could improve its financial condition by purchasing the bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Financial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Ivan F. Boesky Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "November 1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "Financial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shortly before the visit , Mr. Boesky and Drexel representives had met with Financial Corp. officials and had signed a letter of intent to acquire the 51 % stake in the company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boesky", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Drexel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Financial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "51 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the agreement was canceled in June 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "June 1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Financial Corp. purchased the bonds in at least 70 different transactions in 1984 and since then has realized $ 11 million in losses on them , the company said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Financial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "at least 70", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "$ 11 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interprovincial Pipe Line Co. said it will delay a proposed two - step , 830 million Canadian - dollar ( US$ 705.6 million ) expansion of its system because Canada 's output of crude oil is shrinking .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interprovincial Pipe Line Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "830 million Canadian - dollar", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [73, 102]}, {"entity": "US$ 705.6 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interprovincial , Canada 's biggest oil pipeline operator and a major transporter of crude to the U.S. , said revised industry forecasts indicate that Canadian oil output will total about 1.64 million barrels a day by 1991 , 8 % lower than a previous estimate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "about 1.64 million barrels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [182, 208]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [218, 222]}, {"entity": "8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [225, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canadian crude production averaged about 1.69 million barrels a day during 1989 's first half , about 1 % below the 1988 level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "about 1.69 million barrels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [35, 61]}, {"entity": "1989 's first half", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "about 1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The capability of existing fields to deliver oil is dropping , '' and oil exploration activity is also down dramatically , as many producers shift their emphasis to natural gas , said Ronald Watkins , vice president for government and industry relations with Interprovincial 's parent , Interhome Energy Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Watkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 201]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [262, 277]}, {"entity": "Interhome Energy Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [290, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Watkins said volume on Interprovincial 's system is down about 2 % since January and is expected to fall further , making expansion unnecessary until perhaps the mid-1990s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "about 2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "January", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "mid-1990s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There has been a swing of the pendulum back to the gas side , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of Canada 's oil and gas producers say the outlook for natural gas is better than it is for oil , and have shifted their exploration and development budgets accordingly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of active drilling rigs in Canada is down 30 % from a year ago , and the number of completed oil wells is `` down more than that , due to the increasing focus on gas exploration , '' said Robert Feick , manager of crude oil with Calgary 's Independent Petroleum Association of Canada , an industry group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Robert Feick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 211]}, {"entity": "Calgary 's Independent Petroleum Association of Canada", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Watkins said the main reason for the production decline is shrinking output of light crude from mature , conventional fields in western Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "Watkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interprovincial transports about 75 % of all crude produced in western Canada , and almost 60 % of Interprovincial 's total volume consists of light crude .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "about 75 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "almost 60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nearly all of the crude oil that Canada exports to the U.S. is transported on Interprovincial 's system , whose main line runs from Edmonton to major U.S. and Canadian cities in the Great Lakes region , including Chicago , Buffalo , Toronto and Montreal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Edmonton", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "Great Lakes", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [213, 220]}, {"entity": "Buffalo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [233, 240]}, {"entity": "Montreal", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada 's current oil exports to the U.S. total about 600,000 barrels a day , or about 9.1 % of net U.S. crude imports , said John Lichtblau , president of the New York - based Petroleum Industry Research Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "about 600,000 barrels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "about 9.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "John Lichtblau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "Petroleum Industry Research Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That ranks Canada as the fourth - largest source of imported crude , behind Saudi Arabia , Nigeria and Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Nigeria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Lichtblau said Canada 's declining crude output , combined with the fast - shrinking output of U.S. crude , will help intensify U.S. reliance on oil from overseas , particularly the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lichtblau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It 's very much a growing concern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But when something is inevitable , you learn to live with it , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Lichtblau stressed that the delay of Interprovincial 's proposed expansion wo n't by itself increase U.S. dependence on offshore crude , however , since Canadian imports are limited in any case by Canada 's falling output .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lichtblau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [201, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under terms of its proposed two - step expansion , which would have required regulatory approval , Interprovincial intended to add 200,000 barrels a day of additional capacity to its system , beginning with a modest expansion by 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "Interprovincial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "200,000 barrels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system currently has a capacity of 1.55 million barrels a day .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.55 million barrels", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honeywell Inc. and International Business Machines Corp. received Air Force contracts to develop integrated circuits for use in space .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honeywell Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "International Business Machines Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 56]}, {"entity": "Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honeywell 's contract totaled $ 69.7 million , and IBM 's $ 68.8 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Honeywell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "$ 69.7 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "IBM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "$ 68.8 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boeing Co. received a $ 46.7 million Air Force contract for developing cable systems for the Minuteman Missile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boeing Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "$ 46.7 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "the Minuteman Missile", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [89, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General Dynamics Corp. received a $ 29 million Air Force contract for electronic - warfare training sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Dynamics Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "$ 29 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grumman Corp. received an $ 18.1 million Navy contract to upgrade aircraft electronics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grumman Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "$ 18.1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avco Corp. received an $ 11.8 million Army contract for helicopter engines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avco Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "$ 11.8 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The West German retailer ASKO Deutsche Kaufhaus AG plans to challenge the legality of a widely employed anti-takeover defense of companies in the Netherlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "West German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "ASKO Deutsche Kaufhaus AG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 50]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eventual court decision could become a landmark in Dutch corporate law because the lawsuit ASKO plans to file would be the first to challenge the entire principle and practice of companies issuing voting preferred shares to management - controlled trusts to dilute voting power of common stockholders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to now only specific aspects of these defenses have been challenged , though unsuccessfully , ASKO 's Dutch lawyers noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Should the courts uphold the validity of this type of defense , ASKO will then ask the court to overturn such a vote - diluting maneuver recently deployed by Koninklijke Ahold NV .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "Koninklijke Ahold NV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ASKO says the Dutch - based international food retailer had n't reasonable grounds to issue preferred stock to a friendly trust and thus dilute the worth and voting power of ASKO and other shareholders .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking through its Dutch lawyers , ASKO also disclosed it holds a 15 % stake in Ahold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was previously thought ASKO held a 13.6 % stake that was accumulated since July .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "13.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for Ahold said his company is confident of its own position and the propriety of the preferred - share issue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahold", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He termed ASKO 's legal actions as `` unproductive '' to international cooperation among European retailers .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASKO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals opinion in the Arcadian Phosphate case did not repudiate the position Pennzoil Co. took in its dispute with Texaco , contrary to your Sept. 8 article `` Court Backs Texaco 's View in Pennzoil Case -- Too Late . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 40]}, {"entity": "Arcadian Phosphate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "Pennzoil Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "Texaco", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "Sept. 8", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "Court Backs Texaco 's View in Pennzoil Case -- Too Late", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [194, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fundamental rule of contract law applied to both cases was that courts will not enforce agreements to which the parties did not intend to be bound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Pennzoil / Texaco litigation , the courts found Pennzoil and Getty Oil intended to be bound ; in Arcadian Phosphates they found there was no intention to be bound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennzoil", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "Pennzoil", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Getty Oil", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Arcadian Phosphates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Admittedly , the principle in the cases is the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the outcome of a legal dispute almost always turns on the facts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the facts , as found by the various courts in these two lawsuits , were different .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you suggest otherwise , you leave the realm of reporting and enter the orbit of speculation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles F. Vihon", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles F. Vihon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time magazine , in a move to reduce the costs of wooing new subscribers , is lowering its circulation guarantee to advertisers for the second consecutive year , increasing its subscription rates and cutting back on merchandise giveaways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "the second consecutive year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [131, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an announcement to its staff last week , executives at Time Warner Inc. 's weekly magazine said Time will `` dramatically de-emphasize '' its use of electronic giveaways such as telephones in television subscription drives ; cut the circulation it guarantees advertisers by 300,000 , to four million ; and increase the cost of its annual subscription rate by about $ 4 to $ 55 .", "entity": [{"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Time Warner Inc. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 77]}, {"entity": "weekly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "300,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [277, 284]}, {"entity": "four million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [290, 302]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [334, 340]}, {"entity": "about $ 4 to $ 55", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [362, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a related development , the news - weekly , for the fourth year in a row , said it wo n't increase its advertising rates in 1990 ; a full , four - color page in the magazine costs about $ 120,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "about $ 120,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [183, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , because the guaranteed circulation base is being lowered , ad rates will be effectively 7.5 % higher per subscriber , according to Richard Heinemann , Time associate publisher .", "entity": [{"entity": "7.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Richard Heinemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time is following the course of some other mass - circulation magazines that in recent years have challenged the publishing myth that maintaining artificially high , and expensive , circulations is the way to draw advertisers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , Reader 's Digest , New York Times Co. 's McCall 's , and most recently News Corp. 's TV Guide , have cut their massive circulation rate bases to eliminate marginal circulation and hold down rates for advertisers .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "Reader 's Digest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "New York Times Co. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "McCall", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "News Corp. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "TV Guide", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deep discounts in subscriptions and offers of free clock radios and watches have become accepted forms of attracting new subscribers in the hyper-competitive world of magazine news - weeklies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Time , as part of the more cost - conscious Time Warner , wants to wean itself away from expensive gimmicks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Time Warner", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , Time executives think selling a news magazine with a clock radio is tacky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Giveaways just give people the wrong image , '' said Mr. Heinemann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heinemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` That perception takes the focus off the magazine . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time magazine executives predictably paint the circulation cut as a show of strength and actually a benefit to advertisers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` What we are doing is screening out the readers who are only casually related to the magazine and do n't really read it , '' said Mr. Heinemann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heinemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We are trying to create quality and involvement . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Time executives used the same explanation when in October 1988 the magazine cut its guaranteed circulation from 4.6 million to 4.3 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "October 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "4.6 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "4.3 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Time 's paid circulation , according to Audit Bureau of Circulations , dropped 7.3 % to 4,393,237 in the six months ended June 30 , 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Audit Bureau of Circulations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "7.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "4,393,237", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "the six months ended June 30 , 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [105, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still , Time 's move is being received well , once again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It 's terrific for advertisers to know the reader will be paying more , '' said Michael Drexler , national media director at Bozell Inc. ad agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Drexler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "Bozell Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` A few drops in circulation are of no consequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not a show of weakness ; they are improving the quality of circulation while insuring their profits . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Heinemann said the changes represent a new focus in the magazine industry : a magazine 's net revenue per subscriber , or the actual revenue from subscribers after discounts and the cost of premiums have been stripped away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heinemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The question is how much are we getting from each reader , '' said Mr. Heinemann .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heinemann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time 's rivals news - weeklies , Washington Post Co. 's Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report , are less reliant on electronic giveaways , and in recent years both have been increasing their circulation rate bases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Time", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Washington Post Co. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 55]}, {"entity": "Newsweek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "U.S. News & World Report", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 93]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both magazines are expected to announce their ad rates and circulation levels for 1990 within a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "a month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBS Inc. is cutting `` The Pat Sajak Show '' down to one hour from its current 90 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "The Pat Sajak Show", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "one hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "90 minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBS insisted the move was n't a setback for the program , which is the network 's first entry into the late - night talk show format since 1972 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "1972", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I have every intention of making this the best possible show and having it run one hour is the best way to it , '' said Rod Perth , who was named vice president of late night entertainment in August .", "entity": [{"entity": "one hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Rod Perth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [195, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This will raise the energy level of the show . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBS will continue to program action - adventure shows to follow the Sajak hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Sajak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But CBS News will extend its four - hour `` Nightwatch '' by 30 minutes and begin at 1:30 a.m .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "four - hour", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Nightwatch", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "30 minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "1:30 a.m", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show , despite a promising start , has slipped badly in the weekly ratings as compiled by A.C. Nielsen Co. , finishing far below `` Tonight '' on NBC , a unit of General Electric Co. , and `` Nightline '' on ABC - TV , a unit of Capital Cities / ABC Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "weekly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "A.C. Nielsen Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "Tonight", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "NBC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "General Electric Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 186]}, {"entity": "Nightline", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "ABC - TV", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 220]}, {"entity": "Capital Cities / ABC Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [233, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further fractioning the late - night audience is the addition of the `` Arsenio Hall Show , '' syndicated by Paramount Communications Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenio Hall Show", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Paramount Communications Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oil industry 's middling profits could persist through the rest of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major oil companies in the next few days are expected to report much less robust earnings than they did for the third quarter a year ago , largely reflecting deteriorating chemical prices and gasoline profitability .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next few days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "the third quarter a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gasoline picture may improve this quarter , but chemicals are likely to remain weak , industry executives and analysts say , reducing chances that profits could equal their year - earlier performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "this quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "year - earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [177, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The industry is `` seeing a softening somewhat in volume and certainly in price in petrochemicals , '' Glenn Cox , president of Phillips Petroleum Co. , said in an interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glenn Cox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "Phillips Petroleum Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [128, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` That change will obviously impact third and fourth quarter earnings '' for the industry in general , he added .", "entity": [{"entity": "third and fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did n't forecast Phillips 's results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phillips", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But securities analysts say Phillips will be among the companies hard - hit by weak chemical prices and will probably post a drop in third - quarter earnings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phillips", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "third - quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , too , many analysts predict , will Exxon Corp. , Chevron Corp. and Amoco Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Exxon Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "Chevron Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Amoco Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical is what happened to the price of ethylene , a major commodity chemical produced in vast amounts by many oil companies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has plunged 13 % since July to around 26 cents a pound .", "entity": [{"entity": "13 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "around 26 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A year ago ethylene sold for 33 cents , peaking at about 34 cents last December .", "entity": [{"entity": "A year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "33 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "about 34 cents", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "last December", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A big reason for the chemical price retreat is overexpansion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning in mid-1987 , prices began accelerating as a growing U.S. economy and the weak dollar spurred demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "mid-1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Companies added capacity furiously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , greatly increased supplies are on the market , while the dollar is stronger , and domestic economic growth is slower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third - quarter profits from gasoline were weaker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Refining margins were so good in the third quarter of last year and generally not very good this year , '' said William Randol , a securities analyst at First Boston Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "the third quarter of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 66]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "William Randol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "First Boston Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oil company refineries ran flat out to prepare for a robust holiday driving season in July and August that did n't materialize .", "entity": [{"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The excess supply pushed gasoline prices down in that period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , crude oil prices were up some from a year earlier , further pressuring profitability .", "entity": [{"entity": "a year earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Refiners say margins picked up in September , and many industry officials believe gasoline profits will rebound this quarter , though still not to the level of 1988 's fourth quarter .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "this quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "1988 's fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [160, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1988 second half , many companies posted record gasoline and chemical profits .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 1988 second half", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crude oil production may turn out to be the most surprising element of companies ' earnings this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prices -- averaging roughly $ 2 a barrel higher in the third quarter than a year earlier -- have stayed well above most companies ' expectations .", "entity": [{"entity": "2", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [30, 31]}, {"entity": "the third quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "a year earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demand has been much stronger than anticipated , and it typically accelerates in the fourth quarter .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We could see higher oil prices this year , '' said Bryan Jacoboski , an analyst at PaineWebber Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Bryan Jacoboski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "PaineWebber Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That will translate into sharply higher production profits , particularly compared with last year when oil prices steadily fell to below $ 13 a barrel in the fourth quarter .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "13", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "the fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While oil prices have been better than expected , natural gas prices have been worse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the third quarter , they averaged about 5 % less than they were in 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the third quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "about 5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main reason remains weather .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last summer was notable for a heat wave and drought that caused utilities to burn more natural gas to feed increased electrical demand from air conditioning use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This summer , on the other hand , had milder weather than usual .", "entity": [{"entity": "This summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 've been very disappointed in the performance of natural gas prices , '' said Mr. Cox , Phillips 's president .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cox", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "Phillips", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The lagging gas price is not going to assist fourth quarter performance as many had expected . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Going into the fourth quarter , natural gas prices are anywhere from 8 % to 17 % lower than a year earlier .", "entity": [{"entity": "the fourth quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "8 % to 17 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "a year earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , natural gas currently produced along the Gulf Coast is selling on the spot market for around $ 1.47 a thousand cubic feet , down 13 % from $ 1.69 a thousand cubic feet a year ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Gulf Coast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "around $ 1.47", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "a thousand cubic feet", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "13 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "1.69", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "a thousand cubic feet", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [161, 182]}, {"entity": "a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [183, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of all the ethnic tensions in America , which is the most troublesome right now ?", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A good bet would be the tension between blacks and Jews in New York City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or so it must seem to Jackie Mason , the veteran Jewish comedian appearing in a new ABC sitcom airing on Tuesday nights ( 9:30 - 10 p.m. EDT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "Tuesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "nights", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "p.m. EDT", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only is Mr. Mason the star of `` Chicken Soup , '' he 's also the inheritor of a comedic tradition dating back to `` Duck Soup , '' and he 's currently a man in hot water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Chicken Soup", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Duck Soup", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , in neutral language , is the gist of Mr. Mason 's remarks , quoted first in the Village Voice while he was a paid spokesman for the Rudolph Giuliani mayoral campaign , and then in Newsweek after he and the campaign parted company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "the Village Voice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Rudolph Giuliani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "Newsweek", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Mason said that many Jewish voters feel guilty toward blacks , so they support black candidates uncritically .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that many black voters feel bitter about racial discrimination , so they , too , support black candidates uncritically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that Jews have contributed more to black causes over the years than vice versa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "the years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , Mr. Mason did not use neutral language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a practitioner of ethnic humor from the old days on the Borscht Belt , live television and the nightclub circuit , Mr. Mason instinctively reached for the vernacular .", "entity": [{"entity": "the old days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "the Borscht Belt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said Jews were `` sick with complexes '' ; and he called David Dinkins , Mr. Giuliani 's black opponent , `` a fancy shvartze with a mustache . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "David Dinkins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Giuliani", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If Mr. Mason had used less derogatory language to articulate his amateur analysis of the voting behavior of his fellow New Yorkers , would the water be quite so hot ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "New Yorkers", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It probably would , because few or none of the people upset by Mr. Mason 's remarks have bothered to distinguish between the substance of his comments and the fact that he used insulting language .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , some of Mr. Mason 's critics have implied that his type of ethnic humor is itself a form of racism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the New York state counsel for the NAACP said that Mr. Mason is `` like a dinosaur .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People are fast leaving the place where he is stuck . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These critics fail to distinguish between the type of ethnic humor that aims at disparaging another group , such as `` Polish jokes '' ; and the type that is double - edged , aiming inward as well as outward .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter typically is the humor of the underdog , and it was perfected by both blacks and Jews on the minstrel and vaudeville stage as a means of mocking their white and gentile audiences along with themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jews", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the hands of a zealot like Lenny Bruce , this double - edged blade could cut both the self and the audience to ribbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenny Bruce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But wielded by a pro like Jackie Mason , it is a constructive form of mischief .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why constructive ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because despite all the media prattle about comedy and politics not mixing , they are similar in one respect : Both can serve as mechanisms for easing tensions and facilitating the co-existence of groups in conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's why it 's dangerous to have well - intentioned thought police , on college campuses and elsewhere , taboo all critical mention of group differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Elizabeth Kristol wrote in the New York Times just before the Mason donnybrook , `` Perhaps intolerance would not boil over with such intensity if honest differences were allowed to simmer . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Kristol", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "the New York Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The question is , if group conflicts still exist ( as undeniably they do ) , and if Mr. Mason 's type of ethnic humor is passe , then what other means do we have for letting off steam ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't say the TV sitcom , because that happens to be a genre that , in its desperate need to attract everybody and offend nobody , resembles politics more than it does comedy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is true that the best sitcoms do allow group differences to simmer : yuppies vs. blue - collar Bostonians in `` Cheers '' ; children vs. adults in `` The Cosby Show . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Bostonians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Cheers", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "The Cosby Show", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [153, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But these are not the differences that make headlines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In `` Chicken Soup , '' Mr. Mason plays Jackie , a Jewish bachelor courting Maddie ( Lynn Redgrave ) , an Irish widow and mother of three , against the wishes of his mother ( Rita Karin ) and her brother Michael ( Brandon Maggart ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicken Soup", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "Jackie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Maddie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "( Lynn Redgrave )", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "Rita Karin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 211]}, {"entity": "Brandon Maggart", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's worth noting that both disapproving relatives are immigrants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least , they both speak with strong accents , as do Jackie and Maddie .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Maddie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It could n't be more obvious that `` Chicken Soup '' is being made from an old recipe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicken Soup", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And a safe one -- imagine if the romance in question were between an Orthodox Jew and a member of the Nation of Islam .", "entity": [{"entity": "an Orthodox Jew", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "the Nation of Islam", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Back in the 1920s , the play and movie versions of `` Abie 's Irish Rose '' made the theme of courtship between the assimilated offspring of Jewish and Irish immigrants so popular that its author , Anne Nichols , lost a plagiarism suit on the grounds that the plot has entered the public domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 1920s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "Abie 's Irish Rose", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "Irish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "Anne Nichols", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it has remained there , as evidenced by its reappearance in a 1972 CBS sitcom called `` Bridget Loves Bernie , '' whose sole distinction was that it led to the real - life marriage of Meredith Baxter and David Birney .", "entity": [{"entity": "1972", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "Bridget Loves Bernie", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [92, 112]}, {"entity": "Meredith Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [188, 203]}, {"entity": "David Birney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [208, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearly , the question with `` Chicken Soup '' is not whether the pot will boil over , but whether it will simmer at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicken Soup", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , the bubbles have been few and far between .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part of the problem is the tendency of all sitcoms , ever since the didactic days of Norman Lear , to preach about social issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "the didactic days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "Norman Lear", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To some extent , this tendency emerges whenever the show tries to enlighten us about ethnic stereotypes by reversing them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , Michael dislikes Jackie not because he 's a shrewd Jewish businessman , but because he quits his well - paying job as a salesman in order to become a social worker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Jackie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even more problematic is the incompatibility between sitcom preachiness and Mr. Mason 's comic persona .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best moments in the show occur at the beginning and the end ( and occasionally in the middle ) , when Mr. Mason slips into his standup mode and starts meting out that old - fashioned Jewish mischief to other people as well as to himself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But too often , these routines lack spark because this sitcom , like all sitcoms , is timid about confronting Mr. Mason 's stock in trade - ethnic differences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm not suggesting that the producers start putting together episodes about topics like the Catholic - Jewish dispute over the Carmelite convent at Auschwitz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catholic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "Carmelite", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Auschwitz", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That issue , like racial tensions in New York City , will have to cool down , not heat up , before it can simmer .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I am suggesting that they stop requiring Mr. Mason to interrupt his classic shtik with some line about `` caring for other people '' that would sound shmaltzy on the lips of Miss America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mason", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Miss America", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At your age , Jackie , you ought to know that you ca n't make soup without turning up the flame .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bronx has a wonderful botanical garden , a great zoo , its own charming Little Italy ( on Arthur Avenue ) and , of course , the Yankees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Little Italy", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "Arthur Avenue", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "Yankees", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , most people , having been subjected to news footage of the devastated South Bronx , look at the borough the way Tom Wolfe 's Sherman McCoy did in `` Bonfire of the Vanities '' -- as a wrong turn into hell .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Tom Wolfe 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Sherman McCoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "Bonfire of the Vanities", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [159, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Laura Cunningham 's Bronx , her childhood Bronx of the '50s , is something else altogether .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laura Cunningham 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "'50s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a lovely , novelistic memoir , `` Sleeping Arrangements '' ( Knopf , 195 pages , $ 18.95 ) , she remembers an exotic playground , peopled mainly by Jewish eccentrics and the occasional Catholic ( real oddballs like her sexpot friend , the hell - kitten Diana , age five ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sleeping Arrangements", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "Knopf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "195", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "18.95", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Catholic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [188, 196]}, {"entity": "Diana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [256, 261]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [268, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ms. Cunningham , a novelist and playwright , has a vivid and dramatically outsized sense of recall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She transforms her `` Bronx of the emotions , a place where the flats of mediocrity are only relieved by steep descents into hysteria '' into the `` Babylonian Bronx , '' a world simmering with sex and death and intrigue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "the `` Babylonian Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Babylonian Bronx , Jewish working - class people lived in drab , Soviet - style buildings `` glamorized '' with names like AnaMor Towers ( after owners Anna and Morris Snezak ) , whose lobbies and hallways were decorated with murals of ancient Syrians and Greeks , friezes of Pompeii .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Babylonian Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "AnaMor Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Anna", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "Morris Snezak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 181]}, {"entity": "Syrians", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [251, 258]}, {"entity": "Greeks", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [263, 269]}, {"entity": "Pompeii", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [283, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Ms. Cunningham the architectural discombobulation matched the discrepancy she felt living in the AnaMor Towers as a little girl : `` ... outwardly ordinary , inwardly ornate , owing all inspiration to heathen cultures . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "the AnaMor Towers", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharp - witted and funny but never mean , she 's a memorialist a bit like Truman Capote , if he 'd been Jewish and female and less bitchy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Truman Capote", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "Jewish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little Lily , as Ms. Cunningham calls herself in the book , really was n't ordinary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Little Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was raised , for the first eight years , by her mother , Rosie , whom she remembers as a loving liar , who realigned history to explain why Lily 's father did n't live with them .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first eight years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "Rosie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosie reinvented this man , who may or may not have known about his child , as a war hero for Lily 's benefit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosie died young and Lily has remembered her as a romantic figure , who did n't interfere much with her child 's education on the streets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The games Bronx children played ( holding kids down and stripping them , for example ) seem tame by today 's crack standards , but Ms. Cunningham makes it all sound like a great adventure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "Cunningham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Without official knowledge of sex or death , we flirted with both , '' she writes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She analyzed families by their sleeping arrangements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her friend Susan , whose parents kept reminding her she was unwanted , slept on a narrow bed wedged into her parents ' bedroom , as though she were a temporary visitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Susan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her friend Diana 's father was a professional thief ; they did n't seem to have any bedrooms at all .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe Lily became so obsessed with where people slept and how because her own arrangements kept shifting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Rosie died , her uncles moved in -- and let her make the sleeping and other household arrangements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They painted the apartment orange , pink and white , according to her instructions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With loving detail she recalls her Uncle Gabe , an Orthodox Jew and song lyricist ( who rhymed river with liver in a love song ) ; and Uncle Len , a mysterious part - time investigator who looked like Lincoln and carried a change of clothing in a Manila envelope , like an `` undercover President on a good - will mission . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Uncle Gabe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "Orthodox Jew", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Uncle Len", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "Lincoln", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [201, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They came by their strangeness honestly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lily 's grandmother , no cookie baker , excised the heads of disliked relatives from the family album , and lugged around her perennial work - in - progress , `` Philosophy for Women . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Philosophy for Women", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [162, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book loses some momentum toward the end , when Lily becomes more preoccupied with dating boys and less with her delightfully weird family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lily", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the most part , though , there 's much pleasure in her saucy , poignant probe into the mysteries of the Babylonian Bronx .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Babylonian Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bronx also figures in Bruce Jay Friedman 's latest novel , which flashes back to the New York of the '50s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bronx", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Bruce Jay Friedman 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "the New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "'50s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But both the past and present worlds of `` The Current Climate '' ( Atlantic Monthly Press , 200 pages , $ 18.95 ) feel cramped and static .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Current Climate", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "Atlantic Monthly Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 90]}, {"entity": "200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "18.95", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For his sixth novel , Mr. Friedman tried to resuscitate the protagonist of his 1972 work , `` About Harry Towns . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "sixth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "1972", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "About Harry Towns", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harry is now a 57 - year - old writer , whose continuing flirtation with drugs and marginal types in Hollywood and New York seems quaintly out - of - synch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "57 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harry fondly remembers the `` old '' days of the early '70s , when people like his friend Travis would take a psychiatrist on a date to analyze what Travis was doing wrong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the `` old '' days of the early '70s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 59]}, {"entity": "Travis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Travis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` An L.A. solution , '' explains Mr. Friedman .", "entity": [{"entity": "L.A.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Line by line Mr. Friedman 's weary cynicism can be amusing , especially when he 's riffing on the Hollywood social scheme -- the way people size each other up , immediately canceling the desperate ones who merely almost made it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harry has avoided all that by living in a Long Island suburb with his wife , who 's so addicted to soap operas and mystery novels she barely seems to notice when her husband disappears for drug - seeking forays into Manhattan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Long Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it does n't take too many lines to figure Harry out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's a bore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alan Seelenfreund , 52 years old , was named chairman of this processor of prescription claims , succeeding Thomas W. Field Jr. , 55 , who resigned last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alan Seelenfreund", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "52 years old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "Thomas W. Field Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "55", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Field also had been chairman of McKesson Corp. , resigning that post after a dispute with the board over corporate strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Field", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "McKesson Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Seelenfreund is executive vice president and chief financial officer of McKesson and will continue in those roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seelenfreund", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "McKesson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCS also named Rex R. Malson , 57 , executive vice president at McKesson , as a director , filling the seat vacated by Mr. Field .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Rex R. Malson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "57", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "McKesson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Field", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Messrs. Malson and Seelenfreund are directors of McKesson , which has an 86 % stake in PCS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Seelenfreund", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "McKesson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "86 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "PCS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British Aerospace PLC and France 's Thomson - CSF S.A. said they are nearing an agreement to merge their guided - missile divisions , greatly expanding collaboration between the two defense contractors .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Thomson - CSF S.A.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 50 - 50 joint venture , which may be dubbed Eurodynamics , would have combined annual sales of at least # 1.4 billion ( $ 2.17 billion ) and would be among the world 's largest missile makers .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 - 50", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Eurodynamics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "at least # 1.4 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [99, 121]}, {"entity": "$ 2.17 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two years of talks , plans for the venture are sufficiently advanced for the companies to seek French and British government clearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The companies hope for a final agreement by year - end .", "entity": [{"entity": "year - end", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The venture would strengthen the rapidly growing ties between the two companies , and help make them a leading force in European defense contracting .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent months , a string of cross-border mergers and joint ventures have reshaped the once - balkanized world of European arms manufacture .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Already , British Aerospace and French government - controlled Thomson - CSF collaborate on a British missile contract and on an air - traffic control radar system .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Thomson - CSF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just last week they announced they may make a joint bid to buy Ferranti International Signal PLC , a smaller British defense contractor rocked by alleged accounting fraud at a U.S. unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Just last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Ferranti International Signal PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 96]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sudden romance of British Aerospace and Thomson - CSF -- traditionally bitter competitors for Middle East and Third World weapons contracts -- is stirring controversy in Western Europe 's defense industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Thomson - CSF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Western Europe 's", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [174, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most threatened by closer British Aerospace - Thomson ties would be their respective national rivals , including Matra S.A. in France and Britain 's General Electric Co. PLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace - Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 53]}, {"entity": "Matra S.A.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "General Electric Co. PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But neither Matra nor GEC -- unrelated to Stamford , Conn. - based General Electric Co. -- are sitting quietly by as their competitors join forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Stamford", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Conn.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "General Electric Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yesterday , a source close to GEC confirmed that his company may join the Ferranti fight , as part of a possible consortium that would bid against British Aerospace and Thomson - CSF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "Thomson - CSF", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [169, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Companies with which GEC has had talks about a possible joint Ferranti bid include Matra , Britain 's Dowty Group PLC , West Germany 's Daimler - Benz AG , and France 's Dassault group .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "Matra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "Dowty Group PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "West Germany 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "Daimler - Benz AG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Dassault", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it may be weeks before GEC and its potential partners decide whether to bid , the source indicated .", "entity": [{"entity": "weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GEC plans first to study Ferranti 's financial accounts , which auditors recently said included # 215 million in fictitious contracts at a U.S. unit , International Signal & Control Group , with which Ferranti merged last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "# 215 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "International Signal & Control Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 187]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 209]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [217, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , any GEC bid might be blocked by British antitrust regulators ; Ferranti is GEC 's main competitor on several key defense - electronics contracts , and its purchase by GEC may heighten British Defense Ministry worries about concentration in the country 's defense industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "British Defense Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A consortium bid , however , would diminish GEC 's direct role in Ferranti and might consequently appease ministry officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A British Aerospace spokeswoman appeared unperturbed by the prospect of a fight with GEC for Ferranti : `` Competition is the name of the game , '' she said .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least one potential GEC partner , Matra , insists it is n't interested in Ferranti .", "entity": [{"entity": "At least one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Matra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Ferranti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We have nothing to say about this affair , which does n't concern us , '' a Matra official said Sunday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matra", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Sunday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The missile venture , the British Aerospace spokeswoman said , is a needed response to the `` new environment '' in defense contracting .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For both Thomson and British Aerospace , earnings in their home markets have come under pressure from increasingly tight - fisted defense ministries ; and Middle East sales , a traditional mainstay for both companies ' exports , have been hurt by five years of weak oil prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "five years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [247, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The venture 's importance for Thomson is great .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomson feels the future of its defense business depends on building cooperation with other Europeans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Europeans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The European defense industry is consolidating ; for instance , West Germany 's Siemens AG recently joined GEC in a takeover of Britain 's Plessey Co. , and Daimler - Benz agreed to buy Messerschmitt - Boelkow Blohm G.m.b . H .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "West Germany 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Siemens AG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "GEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "Plessey Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "Daimler - Benz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Messerschmitt - Boelkow Blohm G.m.b . H", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In missiles , Thomson is already overshadowed by British Aerospace and by its home rival , France 's Aerospatiale S.A. ; to better compete , Thomson officials say , they need a partnership .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Aerospatiale S.A.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 118]}, {"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To justify 50 - 50 ownership of the planned venture , Thomson would make a cash payment to British Aerospace .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 - 50", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annual revenue of British Aerospace 's missile business is about # 950 million , a Thomson spokesman said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 38]}, {"entity": "about # 950 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "British Aerospace 's chief missile products include its 17 - year - old family of Rapier surface - to - air missiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Aerospace 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "17 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Rapier", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomson missile products , with about half British Aerospace 's annual revenue , include the Crotale surface - to - air missile family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomson", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "about half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "British Aerospace 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Crotale", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information International Inc. said it was sued by a buyer of its computerized newspaper - publishing system , alleging that the company failed to correct deficiencies in the system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Information International Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for Information International said the lawsuit by two units of Morris Communications Corp. seeks restitution of the system 's about $ 3 million purchase price and cancellation of a software license provided by the Morris units to Information International for alleged failure to pay royalties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Information International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 41]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "Morris Communications Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 102]}, {"entity": "about $ 3 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [138, 155]}, {"entity": "Morris", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "Information International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [242, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information International said it believes that the complaints , filed in federal court in Georgia , are without merit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Information International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Georgia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closely held Morris Communications is based in Augusta , Ga .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morris Communications", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 34]}, {"entity": "Augusta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Ga", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The units that filed the suit are Southeastern Newspapers Corp. and Florida Publishing Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southeastern Newspapers Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 63]}, {"entity": "Florida Publishing Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday , October 13 , 1989", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday , October 13 , 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key U.S. and foreign annual interest rates below are a guide to general levels but do n't always represent actual transactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRIME RATE :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "10 1/2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 1/2 % .", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The base rate on corporate loans at large U.S. money center commercial banks .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEDERAL FUNDS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 13/16 % high , 8 1/2 % low , 8 5/8 % near closing bid , 8 3/4 % offered .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 13/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "8 1/2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "8 5/8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "8 3/4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reserves traded among commercial banks for overnight use in amounts of $ 1 million or more .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Source : Fulton Prebon ( U.S.A . ) Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fulton Prebon ( U.S.A . ) Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCOUNT RATE :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 % .", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charge on loans to depository institutions by the New York Federal Reserve Bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "the New York Federal Reserve Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CALL MONEY :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 3/4 % to 10 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "9 3/4 % to 10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charge on loans to brokers on stock exchange collateral .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COMMERCIAL PAPER placed directly by General Motors Acceptance Corp. :", "entity": [{"entity": "General Motors Acceptance Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.60 % 30 to 44 days ; 8.55 % 45 to 59 days ; 8.375 % 60 to 79 days ; 8.50 % 80 to 89 days ; 8.25 % 90 to 119 days ; 8.125 % 120 to 149 days ; 8 % 150 to 179 days ; 7.625 % 180 to 270 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "30 to 44 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "8.55 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "45 to 59 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "8.375 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "60 to 79 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "8.50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "80 to 89 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "8.25 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "90 to 119 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "8.125 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "120 to 149 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [125, 140]}, {"entity": "8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "150 to 179 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "7.625 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "180 to 270 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [173, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COMMERCIAL PAPER :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - grade unsecured notes sold through dealers by major corporations in multiples of $ 1,000 :", "entity": [{"entity": "1,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.65 % 30 days ; 8.55 % 60 days ; 8.55 % 90 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.65 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "30 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "8.55 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "60 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "8.55 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "90 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.15 % one month ; 8.15 % two months ; 8.13 % three months ; 8.11 % six months ; 8.08 % one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "one month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "8.15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "two months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "8.13 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "three months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "8.11 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "8.08 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "one year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average of top rates paid by major New York banks on primary new issues of negotiable C.D.s , usually on amounts of $ 1 million and more .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "$ 1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minimum unit is $ 100,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "100,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical rates in the secondary market :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.65 % one month ; 8.65 % three months ; 8.55 % six months .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.65 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "one month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "8.65 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "three months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "8.55 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BANKERS ACCEPTANCES :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.52 % 30 days ; 8.37 % 60 days ; 8.15 % 90 days ; 7.98 % 120 days ; 7.92 % 150 days ; 7.80 % 180 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.52 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "30 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "8.37 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "60 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "8.15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "90 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "7.98 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "120 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "7.92 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "150 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "7.80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "180 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negotiable , bank - backed business credit instruments typically financing an import order .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LONDON LATE EURODOLLARS :", "entity": [{"entity": "LONDON", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 % one month ; 8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 % two months ; 8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 % three months ; 8 3/4 % to 8 5/8 % four months ; 8 11/16 % to 8 9/16 % five months ; 8 5/8 % to 8 1/2 % six months .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "one month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "two months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "8 13/16 % to 8 11/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "three months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "8 3/4 % to 8 5/8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "four months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "8 11/16 % to 8 9/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "five months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "8 5/8 % to 8 1/2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [178, 196]}, {"entity": "six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [197, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATES ( LIBOR ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "LONDON", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 3/4 % one month ; 8 3/4 % three months ; 8 9/16 % six months ; 8 9/16 % one year .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 3/4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "one month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "8 3/4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "three months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "8 9/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "8 9/16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "one year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average of interbank offered rates for dollar deposits in the London market based on quotations at five major banks .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FOREIGN PRIME RATES :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canada 13.50 % ; Germany 8.50 % ; Japan 4.875 % ; Switzerland 8.50 % ; Britain 15 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "13.50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "8.50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "4.875 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Switzerland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "8.50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These rate indications are n't directly comparable ; lending practices vary widely by location .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TREASURY BILLS :", "entity": [{"entity": "TREASURY", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the Tuesday , October 10 , 1989 , auction of short - term U.S. government bills , sold at a discount from face value in units of $ 10,000 to $ 1 million :", "entity": [{"entity": "Tuesday , October 10 , 1989 ,", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 44]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "10,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "$ 1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [152, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7.63 % 13 weeks ; 7.60 % 26 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "7.63 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "13 weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "7.60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "26 weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP . ( Freddie Mac ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORP .", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posted yields on 30 - year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "30 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "30 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9.91 % , standard conventional fixedrate mortgages ; 7.875 % , 2 % rate capped one - year adjustable rate mortgages .", "entity": [{"entity": "9.91 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "7.875 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "one - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Source : Telerate Systems Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telerate Systems Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION ( Fannie Mae ) :", "entity": [{"entity": "FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "Fannie Mae", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posted yields on 30 year mortgage commitments for delivery within 30 days ( priced at par )", "entity": [{"entity": "30 year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "30 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9.86 % , standard conventional fixed - rate mortgages ; 8.85 % , 6/2 rate capped one - year adjustable rate mortgages .", "entity": [{"entity": "9.86 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "8.85 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "6/2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "one - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MERRILL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST :", "entity": [{"entity": "MERRILL LYNCH", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8.33 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.33 % .", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annualized average rate of return after expenses for the past 30 days ; not a forecast of future returns .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past 30 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investors who bought stock with borrowed money -- that is , `` on margin '' -- may be more worried than most following Friday 's market drop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's because their brokers can require them to sell some shares or put up more cash to enhance the collateral backing their loans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In October 1987 , these margin calls were thought to have contributed to the downward spiral of the stock market .", "entity": [{"entity": "October 1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , a margin call occurs when the price of a stock falls below 75 % of its original value .", "entity": [{"entity": "75 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the investor does n't put up the extra cash to satisfy the call , the brokerage firm may begin liquidating the securities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But some big brokerage firms said they do n't expect major problems as a result of margin calls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Margin calls since Friday `` have been higher than usual , but reasonable , '' a spokesman for Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Merrill Lynch & Co. officials `` do n't expect { margin calls } to be as big a factor as in 1987 '' because fewer individual investors are buying stock on margin , a spokesman said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Merrill Lynch & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hugo Quackenbush , senior vice president at Charles Schwab Corp. , the San Francisco - based discount brokerage firm , said he did n't expect any immediate problems with margin calls for Schwab customers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugo Quackenbush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Charles Schwab Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Schwab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said Schwab had increased margin requirements `` so customers have more of a cushion . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Schwab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He added : `` We learned a lesson in 1987 about volatility .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syms Corp. completed the sale of its A. Sulka & Co. subsidiary , a men 's luxury haberdashery , to Luxco Investments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syms Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "A. Sulka & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Luxco Investments", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terms were n't disclosed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Syms 's `` core business of off - price retailing grows , a small subsidiary that is operationally unrelated becomes a difficult distraction , '' said Marcy Syms , president of the parent , in a statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syms", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Marcy Syms", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokeswoman said Sulka operates a total of seven stores in the U.S. and overseas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulka", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syms operates 25 off - price apparel stores in the U.S. .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syms", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "25", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following issues were recently filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission :", "entity": [{"entity": "the Securities and Exchange Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American Cyanamid Co. , offering of 1,250,000 common shares , via Merrill Lynch Capital Markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Cyanamid Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "1,250,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Merrill Lynch Capital Markets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited Inc. , offering of up to $ 300 million of debt securities and warrants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limited Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "up to $ 300 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [27, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuveen California Performance Plus Municipal Fund Inc. , initial offering of five million common shares , via Alex . Brown & Sons Inc. , John Nuveen & Co. , Prudential - Bache Capital Funding , and Bateman Eichler , Hill Richards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuveen California Performance Plus Municipal Fund Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 54]}, {"entity": "five million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Alex . Brown & Sons Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 134]}, {"entity": "John Nuveen & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "Prudential - Bache Capital Funding", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 191]}, {"entity": "Bateman Eichler , Hill Richards", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PacifiCare Health Systems Inc. , proposed offering of 1.5 million common shares , of which 700,000 shares will be offered by PacifiCare and 800,000 shares by UniHealth America Inc . ( PacifiCare 's 71 % ) , via Dillon , Read & Co. Inc. , Goldman , Sachs & Co. and Dean Witter Reynolds Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "PacifiCare Health Systems Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "1.5 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "700,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "PacifiCare", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "800,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "UniHealth America Inc .", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [158, 181]}, {"entity": "PacifiCare", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "71 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [198, 202]}, {"entity": "Dillon , Read & Co. Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [211, 235]}, {"entity": "Goldman , Sachs & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 259]}, {"entity": "Dean Witter Reynolds Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [264, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pricor Inc. , offering of one million new shares of common stock and 300,000 shares by holders , via Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. and J.C. Bradford & Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pricor Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "one million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "300,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 128]}, {"entity": "J.C. Bradford & Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trans World Airlines Inc. , offering of $ 150 million senior notes , via Drexel Burnham .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trans World Airlines Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "$ 150 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "Drexel Burnham", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only thing Robert Goldberg could praise about CBS 's new show `` Island Son '' ( Leisure & Arts , Sept. 25 ) was the local color ; unfortunately neither he nor the producers of the show have done their homework .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Goldberg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Island Son", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Leisure & Arts", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Sept. 25", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance : `` Haole '' ( white ) is not the ultimate insult ; `` Mainland haole '' is .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Richard Chamberlain dresses as a `` Mainland haole , '' tucking in a Hawaiian shirt and rolling up its long sleeves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Chamberlain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Hawaiian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the local expression for brother is `` brah , '' not `` bruddah . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And even if a nurse would wear flowers in her hair while on duty , if she were engaged she would know to wear them behind her left , not right , ear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sorry , the show does not even have the one redeeming quality of genuine local color .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anita Davis", "entity": [{"entity": "Anita Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With economic tension between the U.S. and Japan worsening , many Japanese had feared last week 's visit from U.S. Trade Representative Carla Hills .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "last week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Carla Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They expected a new barrage of demands that Japan do something quickly to reduce its trade surplus with the U.S. .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , they got a discussion of the need for the U.S. and Japan to work together and of the importance of the long - term view .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mrs. Hills ' first trip to Japan as America 's chief trade negotiator had a completely different tone from last month 's visit by Commerce Secretary Robert A. Mosbacher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "last month 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "Robert A. Mosbacher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Mosbacher called for concrete results by next spring in negotiations over fundamental Japanese business practices that supposedly inhibit free trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mosbacher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "next spring", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said such results should be `` measurable in dollars and cents '' in reducing the U.S. trade deficit with Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Mrs. Hills , speaking at a breakfast meeting of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan on Saturday , stressed that the objective `` is not to get definitive action by spring or summer , it is rather to have a blueprint for action . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "the American Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 84]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "spring", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She added that she expected `` perhaps to have a down payment ... some small step to convince the American people and the Japanese people that we 're moving in earnest . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How such remarks translate into policy wo n't become clear for months .", "entity": [{"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "American and Japanese officials offered several theories for the difference in approach betwen Mr. Mosbacher and Mrs. Hills .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Mosbacher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many called it simply a contrast in styles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But some saw it as a classic negotiating tactic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others said the Bush administration may feel the rhetoric on both sides is getting out of hand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And some said it reflected the growing debate in Washington over pursuing free trade with Japan versus some kind of managed trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked to compare her visit to Mr. Mosbacher 's , Mrs. Hills replied : `` I did n't hear every word he spoke , but as a general proposition , I think we have a very consistent trade strategy in the Bush administration . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Mosbacher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [197, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet more than one American official who sat in with her during three days of talks with Japanese officials said her tone often was surprisingly `` conciliatory . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "more than one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "three days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think my line has been very consistent , '' Mrs. Hills said at a news conference Saturday afternoon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I am painted sometimes as ferocious , perhaps because I have a ferocious list of statutes to implement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't feel very ferocious .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't feel either hard or soft .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I feel committed to the program of opening markets and expanding trade . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When she met the local press for the first time on Friday , Mrs. Hills firmly reiterated the need for progress in removing barriers to trade in forest products , satellites and supercomputers , three areas targeted under the Super 301 provision of the 1988 trade bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "Super 301", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She highlighted exclusionary business practices that the U.S. government has identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But her main thrust was to promote the importance of world - wide free trade and open competition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said the trade imbalance was mainly due to macroeconomic factors and should n't be tackled by setting quantitative targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At her news conference for Japanese reporters , one economics journalist summed up the Japanese sense of relief .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` My impression was that you would be a scary old lady , '' he said , drawing a few nervous chuckles from his colleagues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` But I am relieved to see that you are beautiful and gentle and intelligent and a person of integrity . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mrs. Hills ' remarks did raise questions , at least among some U.S. officials , about what exactly her stance is on U.S. access to the Japanese semiconductor market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The U.S. share of the Japanese market has been stuck around 10 % for years .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many Americans have interpreted a 1986 agreement as assuring U.S. companies a 20 % share by 1991 , but the Japanese have denied making any such promise .", "entity": [{"entity": "Americans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "1986", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At one of her news conferences , Mrs. Hills said , `` I believe we can do much better than 20 % . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "Hills", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But she stressed , `` I am against managed trade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I will not enter into an agreement that stipulates to a percentage of the market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valley Federal Savings & Loan Association said Imperial Corp. of America withdrew from regulators its application to buy five Valley Federal branches , leaving the transaction in limbo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valley Federal Savings & Loan Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 41]}, {"entity": "Imperial Corp. of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 72]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Valley Federal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The broken purchase appears as additional evidence of trouble at Imperial Corp. , whose spokesman said the company withdrew its application from the federal Office of Thrift Supervision because of an informal notice that Imperial 's thrift unit failed to meet Community Reinvestment Act requirements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imperial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Office of Thrift Supervision", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [157, 185]}, {"entity": "Imperial", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [221, 229]}, {"entity": "Community Reinvestment Act", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [260, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Community Reinvestment Act requires savings and loan associations to lend money in amounts related to areas where deposits are received .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Community Reinvestment Act", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transaction , announced in August , included about $ 146 million in deposits at the five outlets in California 's San Joaquin Valley .", "entity": [{"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "about $ 146 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "San Joaquin Valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terms were n't disclosed , but Valley Federal had said it expected to post a modest pretax gain and to save about $ 2 million in operating costs annually .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valley Federal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "about $ 2 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "annually", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valley Federal said Friday that it is considering whether to seek another buyer for the branches or to pursue the transaction with Imperial Corp. , which said it is attempting to meet Community Reinvestment Act requirements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valley Federal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Imperial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 145]}, {"entity": "Community Reinvestment Act", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [184, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valley Federal , with assets of $ 3.3 billion , is based in Van Nuys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valley Federal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "$ 3.3 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Van Nuys", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imperial Corp. , based in San Diego , is the parent of Imperial Savings & Loan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imperial Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Imperial Savings & Loan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first six months of the year it posted a net loss of $ 33.1 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first six months of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 35]}, {"entity": "$ 33.1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "September 's steep rise in producer prices shows that inflation still persists , and the pessimism over interest rates caused by the new price data contributed to the stock market 's plunge Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After falling for three consecutive months , the producer price index for finished goods shot up 0.9 % last month , the Labor Department reported Friday , as energy prices jumped after tumbling through the summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "three consecutive months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "0.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "the Labor Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 136]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "the summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [202, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the report , which was released before the stock market opened , did n't trigger the 190.58 - point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average , analysts said it did play a role in the market 's decline .", "entity": [{"entity": "190.58", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts immediately viewed the price data , the grimmest inflation news in months , as evidence that the Federal Reserve was unlikely to allow interest rates to fall as many investors had hoped .", "entity": [{"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further fueling the belief that pressures in the economy were sufficient to keep the Fed from easing credit , the Commerce Department reported Friday that retail sales grew 0.5 % in September , to $ 145.21 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fed", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "the Commerce Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 133]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [143, 149]}, {"entity": "0.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [173, 178]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "$ 145.21 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [197, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That rise came on top of a 0.7 % gain in August , and suggested there is still healthy consumer demand in the economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "0.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think the Friday report , combined with the actions of the Fed , weakened the belief that there was going to be an imminent easing of monetary policy , '' said Robert Dederick , chief economist at Northern Trust Co. in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Fed", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Robert Dederick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [165, 180]}, {"entity": "Northern Trust Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 220]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [224, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But economists were divided over the extent of the inflation threat signaled by the new numbers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The overall 0.9 % increase is serious in itself , but what is even worse is that excluding food and energy , the producer price index still increased by 0.7 % , '' said Gordon Richards , an economist at the National Association of Manufacturers .", "entity": [{"entity": "0.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "0.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "Gordon Richards", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [172, 187]}, {"entity": "the National Association of Manufacturers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Sung Won Sohn , chief economist at Norwest Corp. in Minneapolis , blamed rising energy prices and the annual autumn increase in car prices for most of the September jump .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sung Won Sohn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Norwest Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "autumn", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [159, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I would say this is not bad news ; this is a blip , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The core rate is not really out of line . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All year , energy prices have skewed the producer price index , which measures changes in the prices producers receive for goods .", "entity": [{"entity": "All year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflation unquestionably has fallen back from its torrid pace last winter , when a steep run - up in world oil prices sent the index surging at double - digit annual rates .", "entity": [{"entity": "last winter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [159, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy prices then plummeted through the summer , causing the index to decline for three consecutive months .", "entity": [{"entity": "the summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "three consecutive months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the index has climbed at a 5.1 % compound annual rate since the start of the year , the Labor Department said .", "entity": [{"entity": "5.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "the start of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "the Labor Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While far more restrained than the pace at the beginning of the year , that is still a steeper rise than the 4.0 % increase for all of 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "at the beginning of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 68]}, {"entity": "4.0 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , this year 's good inflation news may have ended last month , when energy prices zoomed up 6.5 % after plunging 7.3 % in August .", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "6.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "7.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some analysts expect oil prices to remain relatively stable in the months ahead , leaving the future pace of inflation uncertain .", "entity": [{"entity": "the months ahead", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts had expected that the climb in oil prices last month would lead to a substantial rise in the producer price index , but the 0.9 % climb was higher than most anticipated .", "entity": [{"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "0.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think the resurgence { in inflation } is going to continue for a few months , '' said John Mueller , chief economist at Bell Mueller Cannon , a Washington economic forecasting firm .", "entity": [{"entity": "a few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "John Mueller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "Bell Mueller Cannon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He predicted that inflation will moderate next year , saying that credit conditions are fairly tight world - wide .", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Dirk Van Dongen , president of the National Association of Wholesaler - Distributors , said that last month 's rise `` is n't as bad an omen '' as the 0.9 % figure suggests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dirk Van Dongen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "the National Association of Wholesaler - Distributors", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 88]}, {"entity": "last month 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "0.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` If you examine the data carefully , the increase is concentrated in energy and motor vehicle prices , rather than being a broad - based advance in the prices of consumer and industrial goods , '' he explained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passenger car prices jumped 3.8 % in September , after climbing 0.5 % in August and declining in the late spring and summer .", "entity": [{"entity": "3.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "0.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "late spring", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many analysts said the September increase was a one - time event , coming as dealers introduced their 1990 models .", "entity": [{"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although all the price data were adjusted for normal seasonal fluctuations , car prices rose beyond the customary autumn increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "autumn", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prices for capital equipment rose a hefty 1.1 % in September , while prices for home electronic equipment fell 1.1 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "1.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food prices declined 0.6 % , after climbing 0.3 % in August .", "entity": [{"entity": "0.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "0.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the retail sales report showed that car sales rose 0.8 % in September to $ 32.82 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "0.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "$ 32.82 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But at least part of the increase could have come from higher prices , analysts said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sales at general merchandise stores rose 1.7 % after declining 0.6 % in August , while sales of building materials fell 1.8 % after rising 1.7 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "0.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "1.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "1.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Producer prices for intermediate goods grew 0.4 % in September , after dropping for three consecutive months .", "entity": [{"entity": "0.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "three consecutive months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prices for crude goods , an array of raw materials , jumped 1.1 % after declining 1.9 % in August and edging up 0.2 % in July .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "1.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "0.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here are the Labor Department 's producer price indexes ( 1982 = 100 ) for September , before seasonal adjustment , and the percentage changes from September , 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Labor Department 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "1982", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On a recent Saturday night , in the midst of West Germany 's most popular prime - time show , a contestant bet the host that she could name any of 100 different cheeses after just one nibble , while blindfolded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "West Germany 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The woman won the bet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But perhaps even more remarkable , the three - hour - show , `` Wetten Dass '' ( Make a Bet ) , regularly wins the top slot in the country 's TV ratings , sometimes drawing as many as 50 % of West German households .", "entity": [{"entity": "three - hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Wetten Dass", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Make a Bet", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "as many as 50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "West German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the 1992 economic integration approaches , Europe 's cultural curators have taken to the ramparts against American `` cultural imperialism , '' threatening to impose quotas against such pop invaders as `` Dallas , '' `` Miami Vice '' and `` L.A. Law . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [208, 214]}, {"entity": "Miami Vice", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [223, 233]}, {"entity": "L.A. Law", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [244, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But much of what the Europeans want to protect seems every bit as cheesy as what they are trying to keep out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europeans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most militant opposition to American TV imports has come from French television and movie producers , who have demanded quotas ensuring that a full 60 % of Europe 's TV shows be produced in Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "a full 60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , the French have failed to win enough broad - based support to prevail .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A glance through the television listings and a few twists of the European television dial suggest one reason why .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there are some popular action and drama series , few boast the high culture and classy production values one might expect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More European air time is filled with low - budget game shows , variety hours , movies and talk shows , many of which are authorized knock - offs of their American counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "variety hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of France 's most popular Saturday night programs features semi-celebrities seeking out their grammar - school classmates for on - air reunions .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Flemish game show has as its host a Belgian pretending to be Italian .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flemish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 9]}, {"entity": "Belgian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of Italy 's favorite shows , `` Fantastico , '' a tepid variety show , is so popular that viewers clamored to buy a chocolate product , `` Cacao Fantastico , '' whose praises were sung each week by dancing showgirls -- even though the product did n't exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Fantastico", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Cacao Fantastico", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "each week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topping the cheese stunt , on another typical evening of fun on `` Wetten Dass , '' a contestant won a bet with the show 's host , Thomas Gottschalk , that he could identify 300 German dialects over the telephone .", "entity": [{"entity": "another typical evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [30, 53]}, {"entity": "Wetten Dass", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Thomas Gottschalk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "300", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [178, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A celebrity guest , U.S. Ambassador to West Germany Richard Burt , also won a bet that someone could pile up $ 150 worth of quarters on a slanted coin .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "West Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "Richard Burt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "150", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Burt nonetheless paid the penalty as if he had lost , agreeing to spend a day with West German Foreign Minister Hans - Dietrich Genscher frying and selling their combined weight in potato pancakes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Burt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "a day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "West German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Hans - Dietrich Genscher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If this seems like pretty weak stuff around which to raise the protectionist barriers , it may be because these shows need all the protection they can get .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "European programs usually target only their own local audience , and often only a small portion of that .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mega-hits in Germany or Italy rarely make it even to France or Great Britain , and almost never show up on U.S. screens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Great Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attempts to produce `` pan-European '' programs have generally resulted in disappointment .", "entity": [{"entity": "pan-European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One annual co-production , the three - hour - long `` Eurovision Song Contest , '' featuring soft - rock songs from each of 20 European countries , has been described as the world 's most boring TV show .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "three - hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "Eurovision Song Contest", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [54, 77]}, {"entity": "20", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another , `` Jeux Sans Frontieres , '' where villagers from assorted European countries make fools of themselves performing pointless tasks , is a hit in France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeux Sans Frontieres", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A U.S. - made imitation under the title `` Almost Anything Goes '' flopped fast .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [2, 6]}, {"entity": "Almost Anything Goes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [43, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the most part , what 's made here stays here , and for good reason .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cream of the British crop , the literary dramas that are shown on U.S. public television as `` Masterpiece Theater , '' make up a relatively small part of British air time .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "Masterpiece Theater", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most British programming is more of an acquired taste .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is , for instance , `` One Man and His Dog , '' a herding contest among sheep dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "One Man and His Dog", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [29, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also riveting to the British are hours of dart - throwing championships , even more hours of lawn bowling contests and still more hours of snooker marathons .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "even more hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "still more hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "European drama has had better , though still mixed , fortunes .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most popular such shows focus on narrow national concerns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A French knock - off of `` Dallas , '' called `` Chateauvallon '' and set in a French vineyard , had a good run in France , which ended after the female lead was injured in a real - life auto accident .", "entity": [{"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Chateauvallon", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Schwarzwaldklinik , '' ( Black Forest Clinic ) , a kind of German `` St . Elsewhere '' set in a health spa , is popular in Germany , and has spread into France .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schwarzwaldklinik", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "Black Forest Clinic", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "St . Elsewhere", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italy 's most popular series is a drama called `` La Piovra , '' or `` The Octopus , '' which chronicles the fight of an idealistic young investigator in Palermo against the Mafia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "La Piovra", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "The Octopus", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Palermo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "Mafia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was front - page news in Italy earlier this year when the fictional inspector was gunned down in the series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spain 's most popular mini-series this year was `` Juncal , '' the story of an aging bullfighter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Juncal", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The trend is pretty well established now that local programs are the most popular , with American programs second , '' says Brian Wenham , a former director of programs for the British Broadcasting Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "Brian Wenham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "the British Broadcasting Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Given a choice , everybody will watch a home - produced show . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But frequently there is n't much choice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , Europe has begun the recent crusade to produce more worthy shows of its own , programs with broader appeal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 've basically got to start from scratch , to train writers and producers to make shows that other people will want to see , '' concedes Colin Young , head of Britain 's National Film Theatre School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colin Young", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "National Film Theatre School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While some in the U.S. contend that advertising is the bane of television , here many believe that its absence is to blame for the European TV industry 's sluggish development .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until recently , national governments in Europe controlled most of the air time and allowed little or no advertising .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since production costs were guaranteed , it did n't matter that a program could n't be sold abroad or put into syndication , as most American programs are .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But not much money was spent on the shows , either , a situation that encouraged cheap - to - make talk and game shows , while discouraging expensive - to - produce dramas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , however , commercial channels are coming to most European countries , and at the same time , satellite and cable technology is spreading rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just last week , Greece authorized two commercial channels for the first time ; Spain earlier began to allow commercial television alongside its state channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Just last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Greece", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result is a new and huge appetite for programming .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But perhaps to the consternation of those calling for quotas , most of this void is likely to be filled with the cheapest and most plentiful programming now available -- reruns -- usually of shows made in the U.S. .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [209, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sky Channel , a British - based venture of Australian - American press tycoon Rupert Murdoch , offers what must be a baffling cultural mix to most of its audience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sky Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "Australian - American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "Rupert Murdoch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The financially struggling station offers programs obviously made available cheaply from its boss 's other ventures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a Madrid hotel room recently , a viewer caught the end of a badly acted series about a fishing boat on Australia 's Great Barrier Reef , only to be urged by the British announcer to `` stay tuned for the further adventures of Skippy the Kangaroo . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "Great Barrier Reef", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [119, 137]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lisa Grishaw - Mueller in Bonn , Laura Colby in Milan , Tim Carrington in London and Carlta Vitzhum in Madrid contributed to this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisa Grishaw - Mueller", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Bonn", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Laura Colby", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Tim Carrington", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "Carlta Vitzhum", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "Madrid", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food and Drug Administration spokesman Jeff Nesbit said the agency has turned over evidence in a criminal investigation concerning Vitarine Pharmaceuticals Inc. to the U.S. Attorney 's office in Baltimore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Food and Drug Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "Jeff Nesbit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Vitarine Pharmaceuticals Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 160]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "Baltimore", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [195, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither Vitarine nor any of the Springfield Gardens , N.Y. , company 's officials or employees have been charged with any crimes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitarine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Springfield Gardens", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "N.Y.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitarine won approval to market a version of a blood pressure medicine but acknowledged that it substituted a SmithKline Beecham PLC product as its own in tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitarine", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "SmithKline Beecham PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Nesbit also said the FDA has asked Bolar Pharmaceutical Co. to recall at the retail level its urinary tract antibiotic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nesbit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "FDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Bolar Pharmaceutical Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But so far the company has n't complied with that request , the spokesman said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bolar , the subject of a criminal investigation by the FDA and the Inspector General 's office of the Health and Human Services Department , only agreed to recall two strengths of its version of Macrodantin `` as far down as direct customers , mostly wholesalers , '' Mr. Nesbit said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "FDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "the Health and Human Services Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 138]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "Macrodantin", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "Nesbit", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [272, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bolar , of Copiague , N.Y. , earlier began a voluntary recall of both its 100 milligram and 50 milligram versions of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Copiague", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "N.Y.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "100 milligram", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "50 milligram", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FDA has said it presented evidence it uncovered to the company indicating that Bolar substituted the brand - name product for its own to gain government approval to sell generic versions of Macrodantin .", "entity": [{"entity": "FDA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Bolar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Macrodantin", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [194, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bolar has denied that it switched the brand - name product for its own in such testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bolar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Justice William Brennan marks the start of his 34th year on the Supreme Court today , the occasion will differ sharply from previous anniversaries of his tenure .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "34th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "the Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first time , the 83 - year - old justice finds his influence almost exclusively in dissent , rather than as a force in the high court 's majority .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "83 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This role reversal holds true , as well , for his three liberal and moderate allies , Justices Thurgood Marshall , Harry Blackmun and John Stevens .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Thurgood Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "Harry Blackmun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "John Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But are these four players , three of them in their 80s , ready to assume a different role after 88 years , collectively , of service on the high court ?", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "88 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every indication is that the four are prepared to accept this new role , and the frustrations that go with it , but in different ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Justices Brennan and Stevens appear philosophical about it ; Justices Marshall and Blackmun appear fighting mad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Blackmun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four justices are no newcomers to dissent , often joining forces in the past decade to criticize the court 's conservative drift .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "the past decade", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But always , in years past , they have bucked the trend and have been able to pick up a fifth vote to eke out a number of major victories in civil rights and liberties cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "years past", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "fifth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , however , as the court 's new five - member conservative majority continues to solidify , victories for the liberals are rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The change is most dramatic for Justice Brennan , the last survivor of the mid-1960s liberal majority under Chief Justice Earl Warren .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "mid-1960s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Earl Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the seven Supreme Court terms from the fall of 1962 through the spring of 1967 , the height of the Warren Court 's power , Justice Brennan cast only 25 dissenting votes in 555 cases decided by the court .", "entity": [{"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "from the fall of 1962 through the spring of 1967", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 81]}, {"entity": "Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "only 25", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "555", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last term alone he cast 52 dissenting votes in 133 decisions , with the contentious flag - burning ruling as his only big victory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last term", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "52", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "133", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Justice Brennan foresaw his new role , strongly defending the importance of dissents in a 1985 speech .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Each time the court revisits an issue , the justices will be forced by a dissent to reconsider the fundamental questions and to rethink the result , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in recent months he has said that when he was on the winning side in the 1960s , he knew that the tables might turn in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "the 1960s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has said that he now knows how Justice John Harlan felt , a reference to the late conservative justice who was the most frequent dissenter from the Warren Court 's opinions .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Harlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Associates of 81 - year - old Justice Marshall say he was `` depressed '' about the court 's direction last spring , but is feisty about his role and determined to speak out against the court 's cutbacks in civil rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "81 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "last spring", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We could sweep it under the rug and hide it , but I 'm not going to do it , '' he said in a speech last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He , like Justice Brennan , considers dissents highly important for the future , a point that has n't escaped legal scholars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harvard Law School Professor Laurence Tribe says there is a `` generation - skipping '' flavor to current dissents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harvard Law School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Laurence Tribe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissenters in the Warren Court , he says , appeared to be writing for the short - term , suggesting that the court 's direction might change soon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Brennan and Marshall are speaking in their dissents to a more distant future , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brennan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Marshall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Justice Blackmun , who will turn 81 next month , also seems feisty about his new role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackmun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "81", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "next month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Associates say he takes some defeats more personally than his colleagues , especially attempts to curtail the right to abortion first recognized in his 1973 opinion , Roe vs. Wade .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "1973", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "Roe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [167, 170]}, {"entity": "Wade", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friends and associates who saw Justice Blackmun during the summer said he was no more discouraged about the court than in recent years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blackmun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "the summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And his outlook improved after successful cataract surgery in August .", "entity": [{"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But his level of frustration showed in a recent , impassioned speech to a group of hundreds of lawyers in Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He concluded his remarks by quoting , emotionally and at some length , according to those present , the late Martin Luther King 's famous `` I Have a Dream '' speech from the 1963 March on Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Luther King", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "I Have a Dream", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "1963", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 179]}, {"entity": "March on Washington", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [180, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Justice Stevens , 69 , is probably the most philosophical of the dissenters about his role , in part because he may be the least liberal of the four , but also because he enjoys the intellectual challenge of arguing with the majority more than the others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "69", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the role these four dissenters are assuming is a familiar one in modern Supreme Court history , it also differs in an important way from recent history , court watchers say .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The dissenters of the Warren Court were often defending a legal legacy that they inherited , '' says Prof. A.E. Dick Howard of the University of Virginia Law School , `` but the dissenters today are defending a legacy that they created .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "A.E. Dick Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "the University of Virginia Law School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 167]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [192, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just when it seemed safe to go back into stocks , Wall Street suffered another severe attack of nerves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does this signal another Black Monday is coming ?", "entity": [{"entity": "another Black Monday", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or is this an extraordinary buying opportunity , just like Oct. 19 , 1987 , eventually turned out to be ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct. 19 , 1987 ,", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's what several leading market experts and money managers say about Friday 's action , what happens next and what investors should do .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joseph Granville .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joseph Granville .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I 'm the only one who said there would be an October massacre , all through late August and September , '' says Mr. Granville , once a widely followed market guru and still a well - known newsletter writer .", "entity": [{"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "late August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "Granville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Everyone will tell you that this time is different from 1987 , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Well , in some ways it is different , but technically it is just the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you 're a technician , you obey the signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right now they 're telling me to get the hell out and stay out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I see no major support until 2200 .", "entity": [{"entity": "2200", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I see a possibility of going to 2200 this month . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "2200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "this month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Granville says he would n't even think of buying until at least 600 to 700 stocks have hit 52 - week lows ; about 100 stocks hit new lows Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Granville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "600", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "700", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "52 - week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "about 100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Most people , '' he says , `` have no idea what a massacre pattern looks like . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elaine Garzarelli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elaine Garzarelli .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A quantitative analyst with Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. , Ms. Garzarelli had warned clients to take their money out of the market before the 1987 crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "Garzarelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 's big drop , she says , `` was not a crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was an October massacre '' like those that occurred in 1978 and 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "October", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "1978", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "1979", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , as in those two years , her stock market indicators are positive .", "entity": [{"entity": "those two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So she thinks the damage will be short - lived and contained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Those corrections lasted one to four weeks and took the market 10%-12 % down , '' she says .", "entity": [{"entity": "one to four weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "10%-12 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This is exactly the same thing , as far as I 'm concerned . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , she says , if the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped below 2450 , `` It would just be a fluke .", "entity": [{"entity": "2450", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My advice is to buy . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As she calculates it , the average stock now sells for about 12.5 times companies ' earnings .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 12.5", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She says that ratio could climb to 14.5 , given current interest rates , and still be within the range of `` fair value . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "14.5", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ned Davis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ned Davis .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 's fall marks the start of a bear market , says Mr. Davis , president of Ned Davis Research Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Ned Davis Research Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Mr. Davis , whose views are widely respected by money managers , says he expects no 1987 - style crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There was a unique combination in 1987 , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Margin debt was at a record high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was tremendous public enthusiasm for stock mutual funds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main thing was portfolio insurance , '' a mechanical trading system intended to protect an investor against losses . ``", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hundred billion dollars in stock was subject '' to it .", "entity": [{"entity": "A hundred billion dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1987 , such selling contributed to a snowball effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today could even be an up day , Mr. Davis says , if major brokerage firms agree to refrain from program trading .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "an up day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Davis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the next several months , though , he says things look bad .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next several months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think the market will be heading down into November , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We will probably have a year - end rally , and then go down again .", "entity": [{"entity": "year - end", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sort of a two - step bear market . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He expects the downturn to carry the Dow Jones Industrial Average down to around 2000 sometime next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` That would be a normal bear market , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I guess that 's my forecast . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leon G. Cooperman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leon G. Cooperman .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I do n't think the market is going through another October '87 .", "entity": [{"entity": "another October '87", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do n't think that 's the case at all , '' says Mr. Cooperman , a partner at Goldman , Sachs & Co. and chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cooperman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Goldman , Sachs & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 99]}, {"entity": "Goldman Sachs Asset Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Cooperman sees this as a good time to pick up bargains , but he does n't think there 's any need to rush .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cooperman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I expect the market to open weaker Monday , but then it should find some stability . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Monday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He ticks off several major differences between now and two years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "now", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike 1987 , interest rates have been falling this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike 1987 , the dollar has been strong .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And unlike 1987 , the economy does n't appear to be in any danger of overheating .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the economy 's slower growth this year also means the outlook for corporate profits `` is n't good , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` So it 's a very mixed bag . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , he concludes , `` This is not a good environment to be fully invested '' in stocks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` If I had come into Friday on margin or with very little cash in the portfolios , I would not do any buying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But we came into Friday with a conservative portfolio , so I would look to do some modest buying '' on behalf of clients . ``", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We 're going to look for some of the better - known companies that got clocked '' Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Kenneth Galbraith .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Kenneth Galbraith .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This is the latest manifestation of the capacity of the financial community for recurrent insanity , '' says Mr. Galbraith , an economist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galbraith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I see this as a reaction to the whole junk bond explosion , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The explosion of junk bonds and takeovers has lodged a lot of insecure securities in the hands of investors and loaded the corporations that are the objects of takeovers or feared takeovers with huge amounts of debt rather than equity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has both made investors uneasy and the corporations more vulnerable . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , he says a depression does n't appear likely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There is more resiliency in the economy at large than we commonly suppose , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It takes more error now to have a major depression than back in the Thirties -- much as the financial community and the government may try . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Thirties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mario Gabelli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mario Gabelli .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York money manager Mario Gabelli , an expert at spotting takeover candidates , says that takeovers are n't totally gone .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Mario Gabelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Companies are still going to buy companies around the world , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples are `` Ford looking at Jaguar , BellSouth looking at LIN Broadcasting . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Ford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "Jaguar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "BellSouth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "LIN Broadcasting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These sorts of takeovers do n't require junk bonds or big bank loans to finance them , so Mr. Gabelli figures they will continue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The market was up 35 % since { President } Bush took office , '' Mr. Gabelli says , so a correction was to be expected .", "entity": [{"entity": "35 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Gabelli", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He thinks another crash is `` unlikely , '' and says he was `` nibbling at '' selected stocks during Friday 's plunge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Stocks that were thrown out just on an emotional basis are a great opportunity { this } week for guys like me , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jim Rogers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jim Rogers .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It seems to me that this is the pin that has finally pricked the balloon , '' says Mr. Rogers , a professor of finance at Columbia University and former co-manager of one of the most successful hedge funds in history , Quantum Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 144]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "Quantum Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [222, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He sees `` economic problems , financial problems '' ahead for the U.S. , with a fairly strong possibility of a recession .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Friday you could n't sell dollars , '' he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dealers `` would give you a quote , but then refuse to make the trade . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the dollar stays weak , he says , that will add to inflationary pressures in the U.S. and make it hard for the Federal Reserve Board to ease interest rates very much .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Rogers wo n't decide what to do today until he sees how the London and Tokyo markets go .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He recommends that investors sell takeover - related stocks , but hang on to some other stocks -- especially utilities , which often do well during periods of economic weakness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank Curzio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank Curzio .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many people now claim to have predicted the 1987 crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Queens newsletter writer Francis X. Curzio actually did it : He stated in writing in September 1987 that the Dow Jones Industrial Average was likely to decline about 500 points the following month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Queens", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Francis X. Curzio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "September 1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "about 500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "the following month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [177, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Curzio says what happens now will depend a good deal on the Federal Reserve Board .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curzio", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If it promptly cuts the discount rate it charges on loans to banks , he says , `` That could quiet things down . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If not , `` We could go to 2200 very soon . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "2200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank W. Terrizzi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Frank W. Terrizzi .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stock prices `` would still have to go down some additional amount before we become positive on stocks , '' says Mr. Terrizzi , president and managing director of Renaissance Investment Management Inc. in Cincinnati .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terrizzi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "Renaissance Investment Management Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 201]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [205, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renaissance , which manages about $ 1.8 billion , drew stiff criticism from many clients earlier this year because it pulled entirely out of stocks at the beginning of the year and thus missed a strong rally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "about $ 1.8 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 106]}, {"entity": "the beginning of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [151, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renaissance is keeping its money entirely in cash equivalents , primarily U.S. Treasury bills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renaissance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` T - bills probably are the right place to be , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a hostile predator emerges for Saatchi & Saatchi Co. , co-founders Charles and Maurice Saatchi will lead a management buy - out attempt , an official close to the company said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saatchi & Saatchi Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "Charles", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Maurice Saatchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Financing for any takeover attempt may be problematic in the wake of Friday 's stock - market sell - off in New York and turmoil in the junk - bond market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the beleaguered British advertising and consulting giant , which last week named a new chief executive officer to replace Maurice Saatchi , has been the subject of intense takeover speculation for weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "Maurice Saatchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [201, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last week , Saatchi 's largest shareholder , Southeastern Asset Management , said it had been approached by one or more third parties interested in a possible restructuring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Southeastern Asset Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 74]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Carl Spielvogel , chief executive officer of Saatchi 's big Backer Spielvogel Bates advertising unit , said he had offered to lead a management buy - out of the company , but was rebuffed by Charles Saatchi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carl Spielvogel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Backer Spielvogel Bates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 87]}, {"entity": "Charles Saatchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Spielvogel said he would n't launch a hostile bid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spielvogel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The executive close to Saatchi & Saatchi said that `` if a bidder came up with a ludicrously high offer , a crazy offer which Saatchi knew it could n't beat , it would have no choice but to recommend it to shareholders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saatchi & Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But { otherwise } it would undoubtedly come back '' with an offer by management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The executive said any buy - out would be led by the current board , whose chairman is Maurice Saatchi and whose strategic guiding force is believed to be Charles Saatchi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maurice Saatchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "Charles Saatchi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Spielvogel is n't part of the board , nor are any of the other heads of Saatchi 's big U.S. - based ad agencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spielvogel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The executive did n't name any price , but securities analysts have said Saatchi would fetch upward of $ 1.3 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "$ 1.3 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The executive denied speculation that Saatchi was bringing in the new chief executive officer only to clean up the company financially so that the brothers could lead a buy - back .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That speculation abounded Friday as industry executives analyzed the appointment of the new chief executive , Robert Louis - Dreyfus , who joins Saatchi and becomes a member of its board on Jan. 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Robert Louis - Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 132]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Jan. 1", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Louis - Dreyfus , formerly chief executive of the pharmaceutical research firm IMS International Inc. , has a reputation as a savvy financial manager , and will be charged largely with repairing Saatchi 's poor financial state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis - Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "IMS International Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 105]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked about the speculation that Mr. Louis - Dreyfus has been hired to pave the way for a buy - out by the brothers , the executive replied , `` That is n't the reason Dreyfus has been brought in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louis - Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "Dreyfus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was brought in to turn around the company . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separately , several Saatchi agency clients said they believe the company 's management shakeup will have little affect on them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It has n't had any impact on us , nor do we expect it to , '' said a spokeswoman for Miller Brewing Co. , a major client of Backer Spielvogel .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miller Brewing Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "Backer Spielvogel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John Lampe , director of advertising at PaineWebber Inc. , a Saatchi & Saatchi Advertising client , said : `` We have no problem with the announcement , because we do n't know what change it 's going to bring about .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Lampe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "PaineWebber Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "Saatchi & Saatchi Advertising", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are n't going to change agencies because of a change in London . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Executives at Backer Spielvogel client Avis Inc. , as well as at Saatchi client Philips Lighting Co. , also said they saw no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Backer Spielvogel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "Avis Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "Saatchi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Philips Lighting Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Executives at Prudential - Bache Securities Inc. , a Backer Spielvogel client that is reviewing its account , declined comment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prudential - Bache Securities Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 48]}, {"entity": "Backer Spielvogel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Spielvogel had said that Prudential - Bache was prepared to finance either a management buy - out and restructuring , or a buy - out of Backer Spielvogel alone , led by him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spielvogel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Prudential - Bache", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "Backer Spielvogel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ad Notes ... .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NEW ACCOUNT :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "California 's Glendale Federal Bank awarded its $ 12 million to $ 15 million account to the Los Angeles office of Omnicom Group 's BBDO agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Glendale Federal Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "$ 12 million to $ 15 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [48, 76]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "Omnicom Group 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "BBDO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The account was previously handled by Davis , Ball & Colombatto Advertising Inc. , a Los Angeles agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Davis , Ball & Colombatto Advertising Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 80]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACCOUNT REVIEW :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Royal Crown Cola Co. has ended its relationship with the Boston office of Hill , Holliday , Connors , Cosmopulos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Crown Cola Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "Hill , Holliday , Connors , Cosmopulos", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The account had billed about $ 6 million in 1988 , according to Leading National Advertisers .", "entity": [{"entity": "about $ 6 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Leading National Advertisers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NOT - GUILTY PLEA :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , Young & Rubicam Inc. along with two senior executives and a former employee , pleaded not guilty in federal court in New Haven , Conn. , to conspiracy and racketeering charges .", "entity": [{"entity": "Young & Rubicam Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 34]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "New Haven", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Conn.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government has charged that they bribed Jamaican officials to win the Jamaica Tourist Board ad account in 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jamaican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Jamaica Tourist Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "1981", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for the U.S. Attorney 's office said extradition proceedings are `` just beginning '' for the other two defendants in the case , Eric Anthony Abrahams , former Jamaican tourism minister , and Jamaican businessman Arnold Foote Jr .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "Eric Anthony Abrahams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 162]}, {"entity": "Jamaican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "Jamaican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [204, 212]}, {"entity": "Arnold Foote Jr", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [225, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KOREAN AGENCY :", "entity": [{"entity": "KOREAN", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Samsung Group and Bozell Inc. agreed to establish a joint venture advertising agency in South Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Samsung Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Bozell Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bozell Cheil Corp. , as the new agency will be called , will be based in Seoul and is 70 % owned by Samsung and 30 % owned by Bozell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bozell Cheil Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Samsung", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Bozell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samsung already owns Korea First Advertising Co. , that country 's largest agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samsung", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Korea First Advertising Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bozell joins Backer Spielvogel Bates and Ogilvy Group as U.S. agencies with interests in Korean agencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bozell", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Backer Spielvogel Bates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 36]}, {"entity": "Ogilvy Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moody 's Investors Service said it reduced its rating on $ 165 million of subordinated debt of this Beverly Hills , Calif. , thrift , citing turmoil in the market for low - grade , high - yield securities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moody 's Investors Service", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "$ 165 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "Beverly Hills", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "Calif.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agency said it reduced its rating on the thrift 's subordinated debt to B - 2 from Ba - 2 and will keep the debt under review for possible further downgrade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columbia Savings is a major holder of so - called junk bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Savings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New federal legislation requires that all thrifts divest themselves of such speculative securities over a period of years .", "entity": [{"entity": "a period of years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columbia Savings officials were n't available for comment on the downgrade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Savings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FRANKLIN SAVINGS ASSOCIATION ( Ottawa , Kan. ) --", "entity": [{"entity": "FRANKLIN SAVINGS ASSOCIATION", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "Ottawa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Kan.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moody 's Investors Service Inc. said it downgraded its rating to B - 2 from Ba - 3 on less than $ 20 million of this thrift 's senior subordinated notes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moody 's Investors Service Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "less than $ 20 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [86, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rating concern said Franklin 's `` troubled diversification record in the securities business '' was one reason for the downgrade , citing the troubles at its L.F. Rothschild subsidiary and the possible sale of other subsidiaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "L.F. Rothschild", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They perhaps had concern that we were getting out of all these , '' said Franklin President Duane H. Hall .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Duane H. Hall", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think it was a little premature on their part .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was Friday the 13th , and the stock market plummeted nearly 200 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday the 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "nearly 200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just a coincidence ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or is triskaidekaphobia -- fear of the number 13 -- justified ?", "entity": [{"entity": "13", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In academia , a so - called Friday the 13th effect has been set up and shot down by different professors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday the 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert Kolb and Ricardo Rodriguez , professors of finance at the University of Miami , found evidence that the market is spooked by Friday the 13th .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Kolb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Ricardo Rodriguez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "the University of Miami", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 84]}, {"entity": "Friday the 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But their study , which spanned the 1962 - 85 period , has since been shown to be jinxed by an unlucky choice of data .", "entity": [{"entity": "1962 - 85", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the '70s , the market took falls nine times in a row on Friday the you - know - what .", "entity": [{"entity": "the '70s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Friday the you - know - what", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the date tends to be a plus , not a minus , for stocks , according to Yale Hirsch , a collector of stock market lore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yale Hirsch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another study found that the 82 Fridays the 13th in the 1940 - 1987 period had higher than average returns -- higher even than Fridays in general , which tend to be strong days for stock prices .", "entity": [{"entity": "82", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "Fridays the 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "1940 - 1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "Fridays", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the only other Friday the 13th this year , the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose about four points .", "entity": [{"entity": "the only other Friday the 13th this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 43]}, {"entity": "about four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Professor Kolb says the original study , titled Friday the 13th , Part VII , was published tongue - in - cheek .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kolb", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Friday the 13th , Part VII", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [48, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a similar vein , he adds that the anniversary of the 1987 crash and Saturday 's full moon could have played a part , too , in Friday 's market activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Saturday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southmark Corp. said that it filed part of its 10 - K report with the Securities and Exchange Commission , but that the filing does n't include its audited financial statements and related information .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southmark Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "the Securities and Exchange Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The real estate and thrift concern , operating under bankruptcy - law proceedings , said it told the SEC it could n't provide financial statements by the end of its first extension `` without unreasonable burden or expense . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "SEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company asked for a 15 - day extension Sept. 30 , when the financial reports were due .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 - day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Sept. 30", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southmark said it plans to amend its 10K to provide financial results as soon as its audit is completed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southmark", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ford Motor Co. said it acquired 5 % of the shares in Jaguar PLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ford Motor Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "Jaguar PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jaguar , the London Stock Exchange and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are being notified of the transactions , the company said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaguar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "the London Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 34]}, {"entity": "the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The U.S. Federal Trade Commission advised Ford last week that it would n't raise any objection to the acquisition of as much as 15 % of Jaguar shares .", "entity": [{"entity": "The U.S. Federal Trade Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Ford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "as much as 15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "Jaguar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The No. 2 auto maker disclosed last month that it wants to buy as much as 15 % of the British luxury - car maker , the maximum allowed under current United Kingdom government restrictions .", "entity": [{"entity": "2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "as much as 15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "United Kingdom", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General Motors Corp. said it had discussed the possibility of a joint venture with Jaguar before Ford began buying shares .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Motors Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Jaguar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Ford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM said it still is talking with Jaguar about acquiring a minority interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Jaguar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharp increases in the price of fresh produce caused Spain 's September consumer price index to shoot up 1.1 % from the previous month , pushing the annual rate of inflation to 6.8 % , the National Institute of Statistics said Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spain", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "1.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "the previous month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "6.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [177, 182]}, {"entity": "the National Institute of Statistics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 221]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [227, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monthly increase is the highest recorded in the past four years .", "entity": [{"entity": "monthly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the past four years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The index , which registered 156.8 at the end of September , has a base of 100 set in 1983 and is n't seasonally adjusted .", "entity": [{"entity": "156.8", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "the end of September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 58]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "seasonally", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prices have risen 5.9 % in the first nine months of the year , outstripping both the initial 3 % inflation goal set by the government of Socialist Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez and the second , revised goal of 5.8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "5.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "the first nine months of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [27, 60]}, {"entity": "3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "Socialist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "Felipe Gonzalez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "5.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [211, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measuring cups may soon be replaced by tablespoons in the laundry room .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procter & Gamble Co. plans to begin testing next month a superconcentrated detergent that will require only a few spoonfuls per washload .", "entity": [{"entity": "Procter & Gamble Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "next month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "only a few spoonfuls", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [103, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The move stems from lessons learned in Japan where local competitors have had phenomenal success with concentrated soapsuds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also marks P&G 's growing concern that its Japanese rivals , such as Kao Corp. , may bring their superconcentrates to the U.S. .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Kao Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cincinnati consumer - products giant got clobbered two years ago in Japan when Kao introduced a powerful detergent , called Attack , which quickly won a 30 % stake in the Japanese markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cincinnati", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "Kao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "Attack", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They do n't want to get caught again , '' says one industry watcher .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retailers in Phoenix , Ariz. , say P&G 's new powdered detergent -- to be called Cheer with Color Guard -- will be on shelves in that market by early November .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Ariz.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Cheer with Color Guard", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [81, 103]}, {"entity": "early November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [144, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A P&G spokeswoman confirmed that shipments to Phoenix started late last month .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 5]}, {"entity": "Phoenix", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "late last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She said the company will study results from this market before expanding to others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superconcentrates are n't entirely new for P&G .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company introduced a superconcentrated Lemon Cheer in Japan after watching the success of Attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lemon Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "Attack", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Attack hit the shelves in 1987 , P&G 's share of the Japanese market fell to about 8 % from more than 20 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Attack", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "about 8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "more than 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of Lemon Cheer , P&G 's share is now estimated to be 12 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lemon Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "12 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the Japanese have embraced the compact packaging and convenience of concentrated products , the true test for P&G will be in the $ 4 billion U.S. detergent market , where growth is slow and liquids have gained prominence over powders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "$ 4 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company may have chosen to market the product under the Cheer name since it 's already expanded its best - selling Tide into 16 different varieties , including this year 's big hit , Tide with Bleach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "Tide", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "16", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [129, 131]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "Tide with Bleach", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [187, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With superconcentrates , however , it is n't always easy to persuade consumers that less is more ; many people tend to dump too much detergent into the washing machine , believing that it takes a cup of powder to really clean the laundry .", "entity": [{"entity": "a cup", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [194, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early 1980s , P&G tried to launch here a concentrated detergent under the Ariel brand name that it markets in Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "the early 1980s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Ariel", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the product , which was n't as concentrated as the new Cheer , bombed in a market test in Denver and was dropped .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P&G and others also have tried repeatedly to hook consumers on detergent and fabric softener combinations in pouches , but they have n't sold well , despite the convenience .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But P&G contends the new Cheer is a unique formula that also offers an ingredient that prevents colors from fading .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And retailers are expected to embrace the product , in part because it will take up less shelf space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` When shelf space was cheap , bigger was better , '' says Hugh Zurkuhlen , an analyst at Salomon Bros .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hugh Zurkuhlen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Salomon Bros", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But with so many brands vying for space , that 's no longer the case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the new Cheer sells well , the trend toward smaller packaging is likely to accelerate as competitors follow with their own superconcentrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cheer", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then retailers `` will probably push the { less - established } brands out altogether , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competition is bound to get tougher if Kao introduces a product like Attack in the U.S. .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "Attack", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To be sure , Kao would n't have an easy time taking U.S. market share away from the mighty P&G , which has about 23 % of the market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "about 23 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kao officials previously have said they are interested in selling detergents in the U.S. , but so far the company has focused on acquisitions , such as last year 's purchase of Andrew Jergens Co. , a Cincinnati hand - lotion maker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "last year 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Andrew Jergens Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 195]}, {"entity": "Cincinnati", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also has a product - testing facility in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some believe P&G 's interest in a superconcentrated detergent goes beyond the concern for the Japanese .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This is something P&G would do with or without Kao , '' says Mr. Zurkuhlen .", "entity": [{"entity": "P&G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Kao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Zurkuhlen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gulf Resources & Chemical Corp. said it agreed to pay $ 1.5 million as part of an accord with the Environmental Protection Agency regarding an environmental cleanup of a defunct smelter the company formerly operated in Idaho .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Resources & Chemical Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "$ 1.5 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "the Environmental Protection Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 129]}, {"entity": "Idaho", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [219, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1984 the EPA notified Gulf Resources , which was a part - owner of the smelter , that it was potentially liable for sharing cleanup costs at the site under the federal Superfund program .", "entity": [{"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Gulf Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "Superfund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 21 - square - mile area is contaminated with lead , zinc and other metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - square - mile", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gulf Resources earlier this year proposed a reorganization plan that would make it a unit of a Bermuda concern , potentially exempting it from liability for the smelter 's cleanup costs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company said that as part of its agreement with the EPA , it `` made certain voluntary undertakings with respect to intercorporate transactions entered into after the reorganization . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company , which issued a statement on the agreement late Friday , said that $ 1 million of the payment was previously provided for in its financial statements and that $ 500,000 will be recognized in its 1989 third - quarter statement .", "entity": [{"entity": "late Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "$ 1 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "500,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "1989 third - quarter", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [208, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agreement and consent decree are subject to court approval , the company said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gulf Resources added that it `` will seek to recover equitable contribution from others for both the amount of the settlement and any other liabilities it may incur under the Superfund law . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf Resources", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Superfund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the agreement , Gulf must give the U.S. government 45 days ' advance written notice before issuing any dividends on common stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "45 days '", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company 's net worth can not fall below $ 185 million after the dividends are issued .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 185 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The terms of that agreement only become effective the date of Gulf 's reorganization , which we anticipate will occur sometime in early 1990 , '' said Lawrence R. Mehl , Gulf 's general counsel .", "entity": [{"entity": "the date", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "early 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "Lawrence R. Mehl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Gulf must give the government 20 days ' advance written notice of any loans exceeding $ 50 million that are made to the Bermuda - based holding company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "20 days '", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "$ 50 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "Bermuda", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gulf 's net worth after those transaction must be at least $ 150 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gulf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "at least $ 150 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [50, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separately , the company said it expects to hold a special meeting for shareholders in early 1990 to vote on its proposed reorganization .", "entity": [{"entity": "early 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The official White House reaction to a plunge in stock prices has a 60 - year history of calm , right up through Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "60 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady said in a statement Friday that the stock - market decline `` does n't signal any fundamental change in the condition of the economy . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Nicholas Brady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The economy , '' he added , `` remains well - balanced and the outlook is for continued moderate growth . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sound familiar ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here 's what Ronald Reagan said after the 1987 crash : `` The underlying economy remains sound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ronald Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is nothing wrong with the economy ... all the indices are up . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heard that before ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 1929 crash , Herbert Hoover said : `` The fundamental business of the country ... is on a sound and prosperous basis .", "entity": [{"entity": "1929", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Herbert Hoover", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government sold the deposits of four savings - and - loan institutions , in its first wave of sales of big , sick thrifts , but low bids prevented the sale of a fifth .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "fifth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four S&Ls were sold to large banks , as was the case with most of the 28 previous transactions initiated by the Resolution Trust Corp. since it was created in the S&L bailout legislation two months ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "28", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "the Resolution Trust Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 138]}, {"entity": "two months ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [191, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of the four big thrifts were sold to NCNB Corp. , Charlotte , N.C. , which has aggressively expanded its markets , particularly in Texas and Florida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "NCNB Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Charlotte", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "N.C.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Canadian bank bought another thrift , in the first RTC transaction with a foreign bank .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these deals , the RTC sells just the deposits and the healthy assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These `` clean - bank '' transactions leave the bulk of bad assets , mostly real estate , with the government , to be sold later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these four , for instance , the RTC is stuck with $ 4.51 billion in bad assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "$ 4.51 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acquirers paid premiums ranging from 1.5 % to 3.7 % for the deposits and branch systems , roughly in line with what analysts were expecting .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.5 % to 3.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The buyers will also be locked into deposit rates for just two weeks , as has been the case with previous deals .", "entity": [{"entity": "two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After that , the buyers may repudiate the rates paid by the former thrifts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it 's uncertain whether these institutions will take those steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB , for example , has been one of the highest rate payers in the Texas market , and in Florida , rates are especially sensitive in retirement communities .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RTC had previously targeted five thrifts for quick sales in order to spend cash by certain budgetary deadlines , but the delays illustrate the tough chore facing the agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` These thrifts are beached whales , '' said Bert Ely , an industry consultant based in Alexandria , Va .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bert Ely", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Alexandria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "Va", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the delay in selling People 's Heritage Savings , Salina , Kan. , with $ 1.7 billion in assets , has forced the RTC to consider selling off the thrift branch - by - branch , instead of as a whole institution .", "entity": [{"entity": "People 's Heritage Savings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 61]}, {"entity": "Salina", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Kan.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "$ 1.7 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB continued its foray into the Florida and Texas markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB will acquire University Federal Savings Association , Houston , which had assets of $ 2.8 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "University Federal Savings Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 56]}, {"entity": "Houston", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "$ 2.8 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB Texas National Bank will pay the RTC a premium of $ 129 million for $ 3.5 billion in deposits .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB Texas National Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "$ 129 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "$ 3.5 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a measure of the depths to which the Texas real estate market has sunk , the RTC will pay $ 3.8 billion to NCNB to take $ 750 million of bad assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "$ 3.8 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "$ 750 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB also acquired Freedom Savings & Loan Association , Tampa , Fla. , which had total assets of $ 900 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Freedom Savings & Loan Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 53]}, {"entity": "Tampa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Fla.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "$ 900 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB will pay the RTC a premium of $ 40.4 million for $ 1.1 billion in deposits .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "$ 40.4 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "$ 1.1 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCNB will also acquire $ 266 million of Freedom 's assets from the RTC , which will require $ 875 million in assistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCNB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "$ 266 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Freedom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "$ 875 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meridian Bancorp Inc. , Reading , Pa. , will acquire Hill Financial Savings Association , Red Hill , Pa. , which had $ 2.3 billion in assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meridian Bancorp Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "Reading", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Pa.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Hill Financial Savings Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 87]}, {"entity": "Red Hill", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Pa.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "$ 2.3 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meridian will pay a premium of $ 30.5 million to assume $ 2 billion in deposits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meridian", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "$ 30.5 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "$ 2 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will also purchase $ 845 million of the thrift 's assets , with $ 1.9 billion in RTC assistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 845 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "$ 1.9 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first RTC transaction with a foreign buyer , Royal Trustco Ltd. , Toronto , will acquire Pacific Savings Bank , Costa Mesa , Calif. , which had $ 949 million in assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Royal Trustco Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "Toronto", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Pacific Savings Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 116]}, {"entity": "Costa Mesa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "Calif.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "$ 949 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Royal Trustco will pay the RTC $ 25 million to assume $ 989 million in deposits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Trustco", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "$ 25 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "$ 989 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will also purchase $ 473 million in assets , and receive $ 550 million in assistance from the RTC .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 473 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "$ 550 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "RTC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pension funds , insurers and other behemoths of the investing world said they began scooping up stocks during Friday 's market rout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And they plan to buy more today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rightly or wrongly , many giant institutional investors appear to be fighting the latest war by applying the lesson they learned in the October 1987 crash : Buying at the bottom pays off .", "entity": [{"entity": "October 1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To be sure , big investors might put away their checkbooks in a hurry if stocks open sharply lower today .", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They could still panic and bail out of the market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But their 1987 performance indicates that they wo n't abandon stocks unless conditions get far worse .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Last time , we got rewarded for going out and buying stocks when the panic was the worst , '' said John W. Rogers , president of Chicago - based Ariel Capital Management Inc. , which manages $ 1.1 billion of stocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "John W. Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "Ariel Capital Management Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 177]}, {"entity": "$ 1.1 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [194, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Rogers spent half his cash on hand Friday for `` our favorite stocks that have fallen apart . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Rogers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He expects to invest the rest if the market weakens further .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denver - based portfolio manager James Craig was n't daunted when Friday 's rout shaved $ 40 million from the value of the $ 752 million Janus Fund he oversees .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "James Craig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "$ 40 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "$ 752 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I waited to make sure all the program trades had kicked through , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then he jumped into the market :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I spent $ 30 million in the last half - hour . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 30 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "the last half - hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other money managers also opened their wallets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I was buying at the close ( Friday ) and I 'll be buying again because I know we 're getting good value , '' said Frederick A. Moran , president of Moran Asset Management Inc. , Greenwich , Conn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Frederick A. Moran", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "Moran Asset Management Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 178]}, {"entity": "Greenwich", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "Conn", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There is no justification on the fundamental level for this crash . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike mutual funds , which can be forced to sell stockholdings when investors rush to withdraw money , big investors such as pension funds and insurance companies can decide to ride out market storms without jettisoning stock .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most often , they do just that , because stocks have proved to be the best - performing long - term investment , attracting about $ 1 trillion from pension funds alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "about $ 1 trillion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` If you bought after the crash , you did very very well off the bottom , '' said Stephen B. Timbers , chief investment officer of Chicago - based Kemper Financial Services Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen B. Timbers", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "Kemper Financial Services Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The $ 56 billion California Public Employees Retirement System , for one , added $ 1 billion to its stock portfolio two years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 56 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "California Public Employees Retirement System", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 62]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "$ 1 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [116, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The last crash taught institutional investors that they have to be long - term holders , and that they ca n't react to short - term events , good or bad , '' said Stephen L. Nesbitt , senior vice president for the pension consultants Wilshire Associates in Santa Monica , Calif .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stephen L. Nesbitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 184]}, {"entity": "Wilshire Associates", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 256]}, {"entity": "Santa Monica", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [260, 272]}, {"entity": "Calif", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [275, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Those that pulled out ( of stocks ) regretted it , '' he said , `` so I doubt you 'll see any significant changes '' in institutional portfolios as a result of Friday 's decline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [163, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stocks , as measured by the Standard & Poor 's 500 - stock index , have been stellar performers this year , rising 27.97 % before Friday 's plunge , excluding dividends .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Standard & Poor 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "27.97 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even Friday 's slump leaves investors ahead more than 20 % , well above the annual average for stocks over several decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "more than 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "several decades", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` You could go down 400 points and still have a good year in the market , '' said James D. Awad , president of New York - based BMI Capital Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "400", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "a good year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "James D. Awad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "BMI Capital Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Awad , however , worries that the market `` could go down 800 or 900 points in the next few days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Awad", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "800", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "900", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "the next few days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can happen before you can turn around . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said he discerns many parallels with 1987 , including the emphasis on takeover stocks and the re-emergence of computerized program trading .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The only thing you do n't have , '' he said , `` is the ` portfolio insurance ' phenomenon overlaid on the rest . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most institutional investors have abandoned the portfolio insurance hedging technique , which is widely thought to have worsened the 1987 crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not really insurance , this tactic was designed to soften the blow of declining stock prices and generate an offsetting profit by selling waves of S&P futures contracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "S&P", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its severest test , the $ 60 billion of portfolio insurance in effect in the 1987 crash did n't work , as stock buyers disappeared and stock and futures prices became disconnected .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 60 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even without portfolio insurance , market conditions were grim Friday , money managers said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neil Weisman , whose New York - based Chilmark Capital Partners had converted 85 % of its $ 220 million investment pool to cash in recent months , said he was besieged by Wall Street firms Friday asking him to take stock off their hands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neil Weisman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Chilmark Capital Partners", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 63]}, {"entity": "85 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "$ 220 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "recent months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We got calls from big block houses asking us if we want to make bids on anything , '' said Mr. Weisman , who , happy with his returns on investments chalked up earlier , declined the offers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weisman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Weisman predicts stocks will appear to stabilize in the next few days before declining again , trapping more investors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weisman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the next few days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think it will be a rigor mortis rally , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , Friday brought a reprieve for money managers whose investment styles had put them at odds with the market rally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially gleeful were the short sellers , who have been pounded by this year 's market climb .", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shorts sell borrowed shares , hoping to profit by replacing them later at a lower price .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nation 's largest short - selling operation is Feshbach Brothers , Palo Alto , Calif. , which said last May that its short positions had shown losses of 10 % for the year up to that point .", "entity": [{"entity": "Feshbach Brothers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "Palo Alto", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Calif.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "last May", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [166, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All that now has changed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 're ahead for the year because of Friday , '' said the firm 's Kurt Feshbach .", "entity": [{"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "Kurt Feshbach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 're not making a killing , but we had a good day .", "entity": [{"entity": "a good day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Call it the `` we 're too broke to fight '' defense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawyers for dozens of insolvent savings and loan associations are trying a new tack in their efforts to defuse suits filed by borrowers , developers and creditors .", "entity": [{"entity": "dozens", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thrifts ' lawyers claim that the suits , numbering 700 to 1,000 in Texas alone , should be dismissed as moot because neither the S&Ls nor the extinct Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. has the money to pay judgments .", "entity": [{"entity": "700 to 1,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though the argument may have a common - sense ring to it , even the S&L lawyers concede there 's little precedent to back their position .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still , one federal appeals court has signaled it 's willing to entertain the notion , and the lawyers have renewed their arguments in Texas and eight other states where the defense is permitted under state law .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [145, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dismissal of the pending suits could go a long way toward clearing court dockets in Texas and reducing the FSLIC 's massive legal bills , which topped $ 73 million last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "FSLIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "$ 73 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The S&L lawyers were encouraged last month by an appellate - court ruling in two cases brought against defunct Sunbelt Savings & Loan Association of Dallas by the developers of the Valley Ranch , best known as the training center for the Dallas Cowboys football team .", "entity": [{"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "Sunbelt Savings & Loan Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 145]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "the Valley Ranch", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [177, 193]}, {"entity": "Dallas Cowboys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sunbelt foreclosed on the ranch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sunbelt and the FSLIC argued to the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals `` that there will never be any assets with which to satisfy a judgment against Sunbelt Savings nor any means to collect from any other party , including FSLIC . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "FSLIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 71]}, {"entity": "Sunbelt Savings", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 167]}, {"entity": "FSLIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` If true , '' the court wrote , `` this contention would justify dismissal of these actions on prudential grounds . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the court said it lacked enough financial information about Sunbelt and the FSLIC and sent the cases back to federal district court in Dallas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "FSLIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles Haworth , a lawyer for Sunbelt , says he plans to file a brief this week urging the district judge to dismiss the suits , because Sunbelt 's liabilities exceeded its assets by about $ 2 billion when federal regulators closed it in August 1988 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles Haworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "about $ 2 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [184, 201]}, {"entity": "August 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [239, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This institution is just brain dead , '' says Mr. Haworth , a partner in the Dallas office of Andrews & Kurth , a Houston law firm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haworth", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "Andrews & Kurth", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Houston", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But a lawyer for Triland Investment Group , the developer of Valley Ranch , dismisses such arguments as a `` defense du jour . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Triland Investment Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "Valley Ranch", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attorney Richard Jackson of Dallas says a judgment for Triland could be satisfied in ways other than a monetary award , including the reversal of Sunbelt 's foreclosure on Valley Ranch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Jackson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Triland", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Sunbelt", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "Valley Ranch", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [172, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 're asking the court for a number of things he can grant in addition to the thrill of victory , '' he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 'd take the Valley Ranch free and clear as a booby prize .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Valley Ranch", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kenneth J. Thygerson , who was named president of this thrift holding company in August , resigned , citing personal reasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kenneth J. Thygerson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Thygerson said he had planned to travel between the job in Denver and his San Diego home , but has found the commute too difficult to continue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thygerson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "San Diego", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new president was n't named .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Senate 's decision to approve a bare - bones deficit - reduction bill without a capital - gains tax cut still leaves open the possibility of enacting a gains tax reduction this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [176, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late Friday night , the Senate voted 87 - 7 to approve an estimated $ 13.5 billion measure that had been stripped of hundreds of provisions that would have widened , rather than narrowed , the federal budget deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Late Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "87 - 7", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "estimated $ 13.5 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [58, 82]}, {"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawmakers drastically streamlined the bill to blunt criticism that it was bloated with special - interest tax breaks and spending increases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We 're putting a deficit - reduction bill back in the category of being a deficit - reduction bill , '' said Senate Budget Committee Chairman James Sasser ( D. , Tenn . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate Budget Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 135]}, {"entity": "James Sasser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [160, 162]}, {"entity": "Tenn .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Senate supporters of the trimmer legislation said that other bills would soon be moving through Congress that could carry some of the measures that had been cast aside , including a capital - gains tax cut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the companion deficit - reduction bill already passed by the House includes a capital - gains provision .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "House - Senate negotiations are likely to begin at midweek and last for a while .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "midweek", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` No one can predict exactly what will happen on the House side , '' said Senate Minority Leader Robert Dole ( R. , Kan . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Robert Dole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "R.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "Kan .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , he added , `` I believe Republicans and Democrats will work together to get capital - gains reform this year . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White House Budget Director Richard Darman told reporters yesterday that the administration would n't push to keep the capital - gains cut in the final version of the bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Richard Darman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We do n't need this as a way to get capital gains , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "House Budget Committee Chairman Leon Panetta ( D. , Calif . ) said in an interview , `` If that 's the signal that comes from the White House , that will help a great deal . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "House Budget Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Leon Panetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "Calif .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Senate 's decision was a setback for President Bush and will make approval of a capital - gains tax cut less certain this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opponents of the cut are playing hardball .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell ( D. , Maine ) said he was `` confident '' that any House - Senate agreement on the deficit - reduction legislation would n't include a capital - gains tax cut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "George Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And a senior aide to the House Ways and Means Committee , where tax legislation originates , said there are n't any `` plans to produce another tax bill that could carry a gains tax cut this year . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "the House Ways and Means Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 55]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [186, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One obvious place to attach a capital - gains tax cut , and perhaps other popular items stripped from the deficit - reduction bill , is the legislation to raise the federal borrowing limit .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such legislation must be enacted by the end of the month .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of the month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Senate bill was pared back in an attempt to speed deficit - reduction through Congress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the legislation has n't been completed , President Bush has until midnight tonight to enact across - the - board spending cuts mandated by the Gramm - Rudman deficit - reduction law .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "midnight tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Gramm - Rudman", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [151, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senators hope that the need to avoid those cuts will pressure the House to agree to the streamlined bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The House appears reluctant to join the senators .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key is whether House Republicans are willing to acquiesce to their Senate colleagues ' decision to drop many pet provisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Although I am encouraged by the Senate action , '' said Chairman Dan Rostenkowski ( D. , Ill . ) of the House Ways and Means Committee , `` it is uncertain whether a clean bill can be achieved in the upcoming conference with the Senate . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Dan Rostenkowski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "Ill .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "the House Ways and Means Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 137]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [232, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another big question hovering over the debate is what President Bush thinks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been resisting a stripped - down bill without a guaranteed vote on his capital - gains tax cut .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Republican senators saw no way to overcome a procedural hurdle and garner the 60 votes needed to win the capital - gains issue on the floor , so they went ahead with the streamlined bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "60", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [82, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Senate bill was stripped of many popular , though revenue - losing , provisions , a number of which are included in the House - passed bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include a child - care initiative and extensions of soon - to - expire tax breaks for low - income housing and research - and - development expenditures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also missing from the Senate bill is the House 's repeal of a law , called Section 89 , that compels companies to give rank - and - file workers comparable health benefits to top paid executives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Section 89", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One high - profile provision that was originally in the Senate bill but was cut out because it lost money was the proposal by Chairman Lloyd Bentsen ( D. , Texas ) of the Senate Finance Committee to expand the deduction for individual retirement accounts .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Lloyd Bentsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "the Senate Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Bentsen said he hopes the Senate will consider that measure soon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bentsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the delight of some doctors , the bill dropped a plan passed by the Finance Committee that would have overhauled the entire physician - reimbursement system under Medicare .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 88]}, {"entity": "Medicare", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the detriment of many low - income people , efforts to boost Medicaid funding , especially in rural areas , also were stricken .", "entity": [{"entity": "Medicaid", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked why senators were giving up so much , New Mexico Sen. Pete Domenici , the ranking Republican on the Senate Budget Committee , said , `` We 're looking like idiots .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Pete Domenici", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "the Senate Budget Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Things had just gone too far . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sen. Dole said that the move required sacrifice by every senator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dole", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It worked , others said , because there were no exceptions : all revenue - losing provisions were stricken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Senate also dropped a plan by its Finance Committee that would have increased the income threshold beyond which senior citizens have their Social Security benefits reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "Social Security", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the bill dropped a plan to make permanent a 3 % excise tax on long - distance telephone calls .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It no longer includes a plan that would have repealed what remains of the completed - contract method of accounting , which is used by military contractors to reduce their tax burden .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also drops a provision that would have permitted corporations to use excess pension funds to pay health benefits for current retirees .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also stricken was a fivefold increase in the maximum Occupational Safety and Health Administration penalties , which would have raised $ 65 million in fiscal 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Occupational Safety and Health Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 98]}, {"entity": "$ 65 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A provision that would have made the Social Security Administration an independent agency was excised .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Social Security Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The approval of the Senate bill was especially sweet for Sen. Mitchell , who had proposed the streamlining .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Mitchell 's relations with Budget Director Darman , who pushed for a capital - gains cut to be added to the measure , have been strained since Mr. Darman chose to bypass the Maine Democrat and deal with other lawmakers earlier this year during a dispute over drug funding in the fiscal 1989 supplemental spending bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Darman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Darman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [178, 183]}, {"entity": "Democrat", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "earlier this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [223, 240]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [283, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deficit reduction bill contains $ 5.3 billion in tax increases in fiscal 1990 , and $ 26 billion over five years .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 5.3 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "$ 26 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "five years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revenue - raising provisions , which affect mostly corporations , would :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Prevent companies that have made leveraged buy - outs from getting federal tax refunds resulting from losses caused by interest payments on debt issued to finance the buy - outs , effective Aug. 2 , 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aug. 2 , 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Require mutual funds to include in their taxable income dividends paid to them on the date that the dividends are declared rather than received , effective the day after the tax bill is enacted .", "entity": [{"entity": "the date", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "the day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Close a loophole regarding employee stock ownership plans , effective June 6 , 1989 , that has been exploited by investment bankers in corporate takeovers .", "entity": [{"entity": "June 6 , 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measure repeals a 50 % exclusion given to banks on the interest from loans used to acquire securities for an ESOP , if the ESOP owns less than 30 % of the employer 's stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "less than 30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [137, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Curb junk bonds by ending tax benefits for certain securities , such as zero - coupon bonds , that postpone cash interest payments .", "entity": [{"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Raise $ 851 million by suspending for one year an automatic reduction in airport and airway taxes .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 851 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "one year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Speed up the collection of the payroll tax from large companies , effective August 1990 .", "entity": [{"entity": "August 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Impose a tax on ozone - depleting chemicals , such as those used in air conditioners and in Styrofoam , beginning at $ 1.10 a pound starting next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.10", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [144, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Withhold income taxes from the paychecks of certain farm workers currently exempt from withholding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Change the collection of gasoline excise taxes to weekly from semimonthly , effective next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "weekly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "semimonthly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Restrict the ability of real estate owners to escape taxes by swapping one piece of property for another instead of selling it for cash .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Increase to $ 6 a person from $ 3 the international air - passenger departure tax , and impose a $ 3 - a - person tax on international departures by commercial ships .", "entity": [{"entity": "6", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "3", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [35, 36]}, {"entity": "3", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [102, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measure also includes spending cuts and increases in federal fees .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among its provisions :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Reduction of Medicare spending in fiscal 1990 by some $ 2.8 billion , in part by curbing increases in reimbursements to physicians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Medicare", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "some $ 2.8 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plan would impose a brief freeze on physician fees next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Removal of the U.S. Postal Service 's operating budget from the federal budget , reducing the deficit by $ 1.77 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "the U.S. Postal Service 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 40]}, {"entity": "$ 1.77 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar provision is in the House version .", "entity": [{"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Authority for the Federal Aviation Administration to raise $ 239 million by charging fees for commercial airline - landing rights at New York 's LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy International Airports , O'Hare International Airport in Chicago and National Airport in Washington .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Federal Aviation Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 52]}, {"entity": "$ 239 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "New York 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "LaGuardia", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "John F. Kennedy International Airports", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [162, 200]}, {"entity": "O'Hare International Airport", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [203, 231]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [235, 242]}, {"entity": "National Airport", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [247, 263]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [267, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Increases in Nuclear Regulatory Commission fees totaling $ 54 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 45]}, {"entity": "$ 54 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Direction to the U.S. Coast Guard to collect $ 50 million from users of Coast Guard services .", "entity": [{"entity": "the U.S. Coast Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "$ 50 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Coast Guard", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Raising an additional $ 43 million by increasing existing Federal Communications Commission fees and penalties and establishing new fees for amateur radio operators , ship stations and mobile radio facilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "an additional $ 43 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "Federal Communications Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John E. Yang contributed to this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "John E. Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan 's wholesale prices in September rose 3.3 % from a year earlier and were up 0.4 % from the previous month , the Bank of Japan announced Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "3.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "a year earlier", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "0.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "the previous month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "the Bank of Japan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 131]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wholesale price index stood at 90.1 , compared with a 1985 base of 100 .", "entity": [{"entity": "90.1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "James Robinson , 57 years old , was elected president and chief executive officer of this maker of magnetic recording heads for disk drives .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Robinson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "57 years old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He has been president and chief executive officer of Amperex Electronics Corp. , a division of North American Philips Corp. , itself a subsidiary of N.V . Philips of the Netherlands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amperex Electronics Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 78]}, {"entity": "North American Philips Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 123]}, {"entity": "N.V . Philips", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [149, 162]}, {"entity": "Netherlands", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charles J. Lawson Jr. , 68 , who had been acting chief executive since June 14 , will continue as chairman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Charles J. Lawson Jr.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "68", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "June 14", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former president and chief executive , Eric W. Markrud , resigned in June .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric W. Markrud", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "June", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOUTH AFRICA FREED the ANC 's Sisulu and seven other political prisoners .", "entity": [{"entity": "SOUTH AFRICA", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ANC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Sisulu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thousands of supporters , many brandishing flags of the outlawed African National Congress , gave the anti-apartheid activists a tumultuous reception upon their return to black townships across the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "African National Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of those freed had spent at least 25 years in prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "at least 25 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 77 - year - old Sisulu , sentenced to life in 1964 along with black nationalist Nelson Mandela for plotting to overthrow the government , said equality for blacks in South Africa was in reach .", "entity": [{"entity": "77 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Sisulu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "1964", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Nelson Mandela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The releases , announced last week by President de Klerk , were viewed as Pretoria 's tacit legalization of the ANC .", "entity": [{"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "de Klerk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Pretoria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "ANC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mandela , considered the most prominent leader of the ANC , remains in prison .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mandela", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ANC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But his release within the next few months is widely expected .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next few months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Soviet Union reported that thousands of tons of goods needed to ease widespread shortages across the nation were piled up at ports and rail depots , and food shipments were rotting because of a lack of people and equipment to move the cargo .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "thousands of tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikes and mismanagement were cited , and Premier Ryzhkov warned of `` tough measures . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Ryzhkov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bush indicated there might be `` room for flexibility '' in a bill to allow federal funding of abortions for poor women who are vicitims of rape and incest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He reiterated his opposition to such funding , but expressed hope of a compromise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The president , at a news conference Friday , also renewed a call for the ouster of Panama 's Noriega .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Noriega", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The White House said minors have n't any right to abortion without the consent of their parents .", "entity": [{"entity": "The White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration 's policy was stated in a friend - of - the - court brief urging the Supreme Court to give states more leeway to restrict abortions .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten of the nation 's governors , meanwhile , called on the justices to reject efforts to limit abortions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Justice Department announced that the FBI has been given the authority to seize U.S. fugitives overseas without the permission of foreign governments .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Justice Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "FBI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretary of State Baker emphasized Friday that the new policy would n't be invoked by the Bush administration without full consideration of foreign - policy implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Baker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NASA pronounced the space shuttle Atlantis ready for launch tomorrow following a five - day postponement of the flight because of a faulty engine computer .", "entity": [{"entity": "NASA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Atlantis", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "five - day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The device was replaced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spacecraft 's five astronauts are to dispatch the Galileo space probe on an exploration mission to Jupiter .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "Galileo", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Korea 's President Roh traveled to the U.S. for a five - day visit that is expected to focus on ties between Washington and Seoul .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Roh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "five - day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Seoul", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roh , who is facing calls for the reduction of U.S. military forces in South Korea , is to meet with Bush tomorrow and is to address a joint session of Congress on Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "Wednesday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's Communist leadership voted to purge the party of `` hostile and anti-party elements '' and wealthy private businessmen , whom they called exploiters .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision , reported by the official Xinhua News Agency , indicated that the crackdown prompted by student - led pro-democracy protests in June is intensifying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "June", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hundreds of East Germans flocked to Bonn 's Embassy in Warsaw , bringing to more than 1,200 the number of emigres expected to flee to the West beginning today .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "East Germans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "Bonn", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Embassy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "more than 1,200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 2,100 others escaped to West Germany through Hungary over the Weekend .", "entity": [{"entity": "More than 2,100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "West Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "the Weekend", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Leipzig , activists vowed to continue street protests to demand internal change .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leipzig", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zaire 's President Mobutu met in southern France with Angolan rebel leader Savimbi and a senior U.S. envoy in a bid to revive an accord to end Angola 's civil war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaire", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Mobutu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Angolan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Savimbi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "Angola", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Details of the talks , described by a Zairean official as `` very delicate , '' were n't disclosed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zairean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLO leader Arafat insisted on guarantees that any elections in the Israeli - occupied territories would be impartial .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Arafat", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He made his remarks to a PLO gathering in Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the occupied lands , underground leaders of the Arab uprising rejected a U.S. plan to arrange Israeli - Palestinian talks as Shamir opposed holding such discussions in Cairo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Israeli", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Shamir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Cairo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lebanese Christian lawmakers presented to Arab mediators at talks in Saudi Arabia proposals for a new timetable for the withdrawal of Syria 's forces from Lebanon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lebanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Christian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "Arab", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "Saudi Arabia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Syria", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A plan currently under study gives Damascus two years to pull back to eastern Lebanon , starting from the time Beirut 's legislature increases political power for Moslems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damascus", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "Lebanon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Beirut", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "Moslems", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hurricane Jerry threatened to combine with the highest tides of the year to swamp the Texas - Louisiana coast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hurricane Jerry", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thousands of residents of low - lying areas were ordered to evacuate as the storm headed north in the Gulf of Mexico with 80 mph winds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "the Gulf of Mexico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "80 mph", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the news broke of an attempted coup in Panama two weeks ago , Sen. Christopher Dodd called the State Department for a briefing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panama", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "two weeks ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Christopher Dodd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "the State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They said , ` follow CNN , ' '' he told reporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That shows how far Ted Turner 's Cable News Network has come since its birth nine years ago , when it was considered the laughingstock of television news .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ted Turner 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Cable News Network", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "nine years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is bigger , faster and more profitable than the news divisions of any of the three major broadcast networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its niche as the `` network of record '' during major crises draws elite audiences around the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But for all its success , CNN has hit a plateau .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although viewership soars when big news breaks , it ebbs during periods of calm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN executives worry that the network 's punchy but repetitive news format may be getting stale and wo n't keep viewers coming back as the alternatives multiply for news and information on cable - TV .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Just the fact we 're on 24 hours is no longer bulletin , '' says Ed Turner , CNN 's executive vice president , news gathering ( and no relation to Ted Turner ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "24 hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "Ed Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "Ted Turner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` You ca n't live on that . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So CNN , a unit of Atlanta - based Turner Broadcasting System Inc. , is trying to reposition itself as a primary channel , or what people in the television industry call a `` top of mind '' network .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "Atlanta", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "Turner Broadcasting System Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonight , to kick off the effort , CNN will premiere its first prime - time newscast in years , an hourlong show at 6 p.m . Eastern time to air head - to - head against the network newscasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "hourlong", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "6 p.m . Eastern time", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [116, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The show will be co-anchored by Bernard Shaw and Catherine Crier , a 34 - year - old former Texas judge and campus beauty queen who has never held a job in television or journalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bernard Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "Catherine Crier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "34 - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new show is perhaps the boldest in a number of steps the network is taking to build audience loyalty by shifting away from its current format toward more full - length `` signature '' programming with recognizable stars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To distinguish itself , CNN is also expanding international coverage and adding a second global - news program .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is paying higher salaries -- after years of scrimping -- to lure and keep experienced staffers .", "entity": [{"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it is embarking on an expensive gamble to break major stories with a large investigative - reporting team .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The next stage is to get beyond the opinion leaders who use us as a point of reference to become a point of reference at ordinary dinner tables , '' says Jon Petrovich , executive vice president of Headline News , CNN 's sister network .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jon Petrovich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "Headline News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 214]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [217, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But that wo n't be easy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Networks , like other consumer products , develop images in peoples ' minds that are n't easy to change .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also takes money that CNN has been reluctant to spend to make programs and hire talent that viewers will tune in specially to see .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the cable - TV operators -- CNN 's distributors and part owners -- like things just the way they are .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The repositioning bid is aimed at CNN 's unsteady viewership -- and what may happen to it as the cable - TV news market grows more competitive .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Already , CNN is facing stronger competition from Financial News Network Inc. and General Electric Co. 's Consumer News and Business Channel , both of which are likely to pursue more general news in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Financial News Network Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "General Electric Co. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "Consumer News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "Business Channel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [124, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , many cable - TV systems themselves are airing more local and regional news programs produced by local broadcast stations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN wants to change its viewers ' habits .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its watchers are , on the whole , a disloyal group of channel - zapping `` grazers '' and news junkies , who spend an average of just 26 minutes a day watching CNN , according to audience research .", "entity": [{"entity": "just 26 minutes", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's less than one - third the time that viewers watch the major broadcast networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "less than one - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brief attention viewers give CNN could put it at a disadvantage as ratings data , and advertising , become more important to cable - TV channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN 's viewer habits have been molded by its format .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its strategy in the past has been to serve as a TV wire service .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It focused on building up its news bureaus around the world , so as events took place it could go live quicker and longer than other networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It filled its daily schedule with newscasts called `` Daybreak , '' `` Daywatch , '' `` Newsday , '' and `` Newsnight , '' but the shows varied little in content , personality or look .", "entity": [{"entity": "daily", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Daybreak", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Daywatch", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Newsday", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Newsnight", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , the push is on for more - distinctive shows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Our goal is to create more programs with an individual identity , '' says Paul Amos , CNN executive vice president for programming .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paul Amos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , CNN is adding a world - affairs show in the morning because surveys show its global - news hour in the afternoon is among its most `` differentiated '' programs in viewers ' minds , says Mr. Amos .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "the morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "its global - news hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [87, 109]}, {"entity": "the afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "Amos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [205, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And it is exploring other original programs , similar to its `` Larry King Live '' and `` Crossfire '' talk shows , which executives hope will keep people tuned in .", "entity": [{"entity": "Larry King Live", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "Crossfire", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then there 's `` The World Today , '' the prime - time newscast featuring Mr. Shaw and Ms. Crier .", "entity": [{"entity": "The World Today", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "Crier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until now , CNN has featured its Hollywood gossip show during the key evening period .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Hollywood", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But 70 % of the cable - television - equipped households that watch news do so between 6:30 p.m. and 7 p.m. , the network discovered , so CNN wants in .", "entity": [{"entity": "70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "between 6:30 p.m. and 7 p.m.", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [79, 107]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mr. Amos says the Shaw - Crier team will probably do two live interviews a day , with most of the program , at least for now , appearing similar to CNN 's other newcasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Shaw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some in the industry are skeptical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I find it hard to conceive of people switching over to CNN for what , at least in the public 's mind , is the same news , '' says Reuven Frank , the former two - time president of NBC News and creator of the Huntley - Brinkley Report .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Reuven Frank", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "NBC News", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 191]}, {"entity": "the Huntley - Brinkley Report", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [207, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evening news is also slated as CNN 's stage for its big push into investigative journalism .", "entity": [{"entity": "evening", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August , the network hired award - winning producer Pamela Hill , the former head of news specials at ABC .", "entity": [{"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Pamela Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She 's assembling a staff of about 35 investigative reporters who will produce weekly , in - depth segments , with an eye toward breaking big stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 35", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "weekly", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN executives hope the headlines created by such scoops will generate excitement for its `` branded '' programs , in the way `` 60 Minutes '' did so well for CBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "60 Minutes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "CBS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's such a departure from the past that many in the industry are skeptical CNN will follow through with its investigative commitment , especially after it sees the cost of producing in - depth pieces .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They 've never shown any inclination to spend money on production , '' says Michael Mosettig , a senior producer with MacNeil - Lehrer NewsHour , who notes that CNN is indispensable to his job .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Mosettig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "MacNeil - Lehrer NewsHour", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [121, 146]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The network 's salaries have always ranged far below industry standards , resulting in a less - experienced work force .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNN recently gave most employees raises of as much as 15 % , but they 're still drastically underpaid compared with the networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "as much as 15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Says Mr. Mosettig : `` CNN is my wire service ; they 're on top of everything .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mosettig", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But to improve , they 've really got to make the investment in people . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In any case , cable - TV - system operators have reason to fear any tinkering with CNN 's format .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They market cable - TV on the very grazing opportunities CNN seeks to discourage .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We would obviously be upset if those kinds of services evolved into more general - interest , long - format programming , '' says Robert Stengel , senior vice president , programming , of Continental Cablevision Inc. , which holds a 2 % stake in Turner Broadcasting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Stengel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Continental Cablevision Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 219]}, {"entity": "2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [236, 239]}, {"entity": "Turner Broadcasting", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [249, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population Drain Ends For Midwestern States", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IOWA IS MAKING a comeback .", "entity": [{"entity": "IOWA", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So are Indiana , Ohio and Michigan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indiana", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "Michigan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The population of all four states is on the upswing , according to new Census Bureau estimates , following declines throughout the early 1980s .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Census Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "the early 1980s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gains , to be sure , are rather small .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iowa , for instance , saw its population grow by 11,000 people , or 0.4 % , between 1987 and 1988 , the Census Bureau says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iowa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "11,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "0.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "between 1987 and 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "the Census Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still , even that modest increase is good news for a state that had n't grown at all since 1981 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1981", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1987 and 1988 , North Dakota was the only state in the Midwest to lose population , a loss of 4,000 people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Between 1987 and 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "North Dakota", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Midwest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "4,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six of the 12 midwestern states have been growing steadily since 1980 -- Illinois , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , South Dakota and Wisconsin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "12", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "Illinois", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "Kansas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Minnesota", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "Missouri", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "South Dakota", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "Wisconsin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Northeast has been holding its own in the population race .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northeast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven of nine states have grown each year since 1980 , including New York , which lost 4 % of its population during the 1970s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "each year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "the 1970s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And although Pennsylvania and Massachusetts suffered slight declines earlier in the decade , they are growing again .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pennsylvania", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "the decade", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , several states in the South and West have had their own population turnaround .", "entity": [{"entity": "South", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven states that grew in the early 1980s are now losing population -- West Virginia , Mississippi , Louisiana , Oklahoma , Montana , Wyoming and Alaska .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the early 1980s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "West Virginia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Louisiana", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "Montana", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Wyoming", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "Alaska", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , though , the South and West still outpace the Northeast and Midwest , and fast - growing states like Florida and California ensure that the pattern will continue .", "entity": [{"entity": "South", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "Northeast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Midwest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the growth gap between the Sun Belt and other regions has clearly started narrowing .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Sun Belt", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More Elderly Maintain Their Independence", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THANKS TO modern medicine , more couples are growing old together .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And even after losing a spouse , more of the elderly are staying independent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new Census Bureau study of the noninstitutionalized population shows that 64 % of people aged 65 to 74 were living with a spouse in 1988 , up from 59 % in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Census Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "64 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "aged 65 to 74", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "59 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This does n't mean they 're less likely to live alone , however .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That share has remained at about 24 % since 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 24 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What has changed is that more of the young elderly are living with spouses rather than with other relatives , such as children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 , 10 % of those aged 65 to 74 lived with relatives other than spouses , down from 15 % in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "aged 65 to 74 lived", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As people get even older , many become widowed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But even among those aged 75 and older , the share living with a spouse rose slightly , to 40 % in 1988 from 38 % in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aged 75 and older", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "38 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like their younger counterparts , the older elderly are less likely to live with other relatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 17 % of those aged 75 and older lived with relatives other than spouses in 1988 , down from 26 % in 1970 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Only 17 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "aged 75 and older", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "26 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The likelihood of living alone beyond the age of 75 has increased to 40 % from 32 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "the age of 75", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "32 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More people are remaining independent longer presumably because they are better off physically and financially .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careers Count Most For the Well - to - Do", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MANY AFFLUENT people place personal success and money above family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least that 's what a survey by Ernst & Young and Yankelovich , Clancy , Shulman indicates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst & Young", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Yankelovich , Clancy , Shulman", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - thirds of respondents said they strongly felt the need to be successful in their jobs , while fewer than half said they strongly felt the need to spend more time with their families .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two - thirds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "fewer than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [100, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being successful in careers and spending the money they make are top priorities for this group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike most studies of the affluent market , this survey excluded the super-rich .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average household income for the sample was $ 194,000 , and average net assets were reported as $ 775,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "194,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "775,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal was to learn about one of today 's fastest - growing income groups , the upper - middle class .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although they represent only 2 % of the population , they control nearly one - third of discretionary income .", "entity": [{"entity": "only 2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "nearly one - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Across the board , these consumers value quality , buy what they like rather than just what they need , and appreciate products that are distinctive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite their considerable incomes and assets , 40 % of the respondents in the study do n't feel financially secure , and one - fourth do n't feel that they have made it .", "entity": [{"entity": "40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "one - fourth", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty percent do n't even feel they are financially well off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Twenty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the affluent are n't comfortable with themselves , either .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 40 % do n't feel they 're more able than others .", "entity": [{"entity": "About 40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While twothirds feel some guilt about being affluent , only 25 % give $ 2,500 or more to charity each year .", "entity": [{"entity": "twothirds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "only 25 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "2,500", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "each year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - five percent attend religious services regularly ; at the same time , 60 % feel that in life one sometimes has to compromise one 's principles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thirty - five percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Odds and Ends", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THE NUMBER of women and minorities who hold jobs in top management in the nation 's largest banks has more than doubled since 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1978", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Bankers Association says that women make up 47 % of officials and managers in the top 50 banks , up from 33 % in 1978 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The American Bankers Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "47 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "50", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "33 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "1978", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The share of minorities in those positions has risen to 16 % from 12 % ... .", "entity": [{"entity": "16 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "12 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Per - capita personal income in the U.S. grew faster than inflation last year , according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "the Bureau of Economic Analysis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of income divvied up for each man , woman and child was $ 16,489 in 1988 , up 6.6 % from $ 15,472 in 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "16,489", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "6.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "15,472", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Per capita personal income ranged from $ 11,116 in Mississippi to $ 23,059 in Connecticut ... .", "entity": [{"entity": "11,116", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Mississippi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "23,059", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "Connecticut", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 13.1 million students in college this fall , up 2 % from 1988 , the National Center for Education Statistics estimates .", "entity": [{"entity": "13.1 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "this fall", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "the National Center for Education Statistics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 54 % are women , and 44 % are part - time students .", "entity": [{"entity": "About 54 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "44 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to your overly optimistic , outdated piece on how long unemployment lasts ( People Patterns , Sept. 20 ) : I am in the communications field , above entry level .", "entity": [{"entity": "People Patterns", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Sept. 20", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was laid off in August 1988 , and after a thorough and exhausting job search , was hired in August 1989 .", "entity": [{"entity": "August 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "August 1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My unemployment insurance ran out before I found a job ; I found cutbacks and layoffs in many companies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statistics quoted by the `` new '' Census Bureau report ( garnered from 1984 to 1986 ) are out of date , certainly as an average for the Northeast , and possibly for the rest of the country .", "entity": [{"entity": "Census Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "1986", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Northeast", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I think what bothered me most about the piece was that there seemed to be an underlying attitude to tell your readers all is well -- if you 're getting laid off do n't worry , and if you 're unemployed , it 's a seller 's market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To top it off , you captioned the graph showing the average number of months in a job search as `` Time Off . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "Time Off", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you kidding ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looking for a job was one of the most anxious periods of my life -- and is for most people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Your paper needs a serious reality check .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reva Levin", "entity": [{"entity": "Reva Levin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cambridge , Mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Mass .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This small Dallas suburb 's got trouble .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dallas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trouble with a capital T and that rhymes with P and that stands for pool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 30 years ago , Prof. Harold Hill , the con man in Meredith Willson 's `` The Music Man , '' warned the citizens of River City , Iowa , against the game .", "entity": [{"entity": "30 years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "Harold Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Meredith Willson 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "The Music Man", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "River City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "Iowa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now kindred spirits on Addison 's town council have barred the town 's fanciest hotel , the Grand Kempinski , from installing three free pool tables in its new lounge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addison", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "the Grand Kempinski", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mayor Lynn Spruill and two members of the council said they were worried about setting a precedent that would permit pool halls along Addison 's main street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lynn Spruill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Addison", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the mayor , in an admonition that bears a rhythmic resemblance to Prof. Hill 's , warned that `` alcohol leads to betting , which leads to fights . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The council 's action is yet another blow to a sport that its fans claim has been maligned unjustly for years .", "entity": [{"entity": "years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Obviously they 're not in touch with what 's going on , '' says Tom Manske , vice president of the National Pocket Billiards Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom Manske", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "the National Pocket Billiards Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pool is hot in New York and Chicago , he insists , where `` upscale , suit - and - tie places '' are adding tables .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With today 's tougher drunk driving laws , he adds , `` people do n't want to just sit around and drink . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , rowdy behavior seems unlikely at the Grand Kempinski , where rooms average $ 200 a night and the cheap mixed drinks go for $ 3.50 a pop .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Grand Kempinski", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "200", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "3.50", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the lounge , manager Elizabeth Dyer wo n't admit patrons in jeans , T - shirts or tennis shoes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Dyer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But a majority of the Addison council did n't buy those arguments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addison", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introducing pool , argued Councilwoman Riley Reinker , would be `` dangerous .", "entity": [{"entity": "Riley Reinker", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would open a can of worms . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addison is no stranger to cans of worms , either .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addison", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After its previous mayor committed suicide last year , an investigation disclosed that town officials regularly voted on their own projects , gave special favors to developer friends and dipped into the town 's coffers for trips and retreats .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revelations embarrassed town officials , although they argued that the problems were n't as severe as the media suggested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now comes the pool flap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I think there 's some people worried about something pretty ridiculous , '' Councilman John Nolan says .", "entity": [{"entity": "John Nolan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I thought this was all taken care of in ` The Music Man .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Music Man", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The real estate slump that 's pushing down the price of New York office space and housing is also affecting the city 's retail real estate market .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Manhattan , once - desirable store sites sit vacant and newly constructed space has been slow to fill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retail real estate brokers say tenants are reluctant to sign leases because of uncertainty about the local economy , turmoil in their own industries and a belief that rents have not yet hit bottom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There is an unbelievable amount of space available , '' says Faith Consolo , senior vice president at Garrick - Aug Associates Store Leasing Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Faith Consolo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Garrick - Aug Associates Store Leasing Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are about 2,000 stores for rent , up from a more typical range of 1,200 to 1,500 .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 2,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "1,200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "1,500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` This further confuses retailers , '' she says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They wonder should they sign a lease if prices are still coming down ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is this the wrong time to open a store ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Who is going to be in the space next door ? ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Ms. Consolo says , tenants usually can negotiate to pay rents that are about one - quarter lower than landlords ' initial asking price .", "entity": [{"entity": "Consolo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "about one - quarter", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A handful of hot retail locations , such as the 57th Street and Madison and Fifth Avenue areas , have been able to sustain what many see as astronomical rents .", "entity": [{"entity": "57th Street", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Madison", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Fifth Avenue", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , in some neighborhoods , rents have merely hit a plateau .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But on average , Manhattan retail rents have dropped 10 % to 15 % in the past six months alone , experts say .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "10 % to 15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "the past six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That follows a more subtle decline in the prior six months , after Manhattan rents had run up rapidly since 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "six months", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "1986", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same factors limiting demand for office space have affected retailing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` As businesses contract or depart , the number of employees who might use retail services shrinks , '' says Edward A. Friedman , senior vice president of Helmsley Spear Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward A. Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 128]}, {"entity": "Helmsley Spear Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He says financial problems plaguing electronics , fur and furniture companies -- key categories in the local retail economy -- have further deflated the market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hardest hit are what he calls `` secondary '' sites that primarily serve neighborhood residents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these locations , Mr. Friedman says , `` Retailers are increasingly cautious about expanding and rents have remained steady or in some cases have declined . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weakness in the restaurant industry , which is leaving retail space vacant , exacerbates the problem for landlords .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also no comfort to landlords and small New York retailers when the future of larger department stores , which anchor retail neighborhoods , are in doubt .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hooker Corp. , parent of Bonwit Teller and B. Altman 's , is mired in bankruptcy proceedings and Bloomingdale 's is for sale by its owner , Campeau Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hooker Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Bonwit Teller", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "B. Altman 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Bloomingdale 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Campeau Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trend toward lower rents may seem surprising given that some communities in New York are bemoaning the loss of favorite local businesses to high rents .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , despite the recent softening , for many of these retailers there 's still been too big a jump from the rental rates of the late 1970s , when their leases were signed .", "entity": [{"entity": "the late 1970s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [125, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certainly , the recent drop in prices does n't mean Manhattan comes cheap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manhattan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New York retail rents still run well above the going rate in other U.S. cities .", "entity": [{"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Madison and Fifth Avenues and East 57th Street can command rents of up to $ 500 a square foot , and $ 250 is not uncommon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Madison", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Fifth Avenues", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "East 57th Street", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "up to $ 500", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "250", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thriving 34th Street area offers rents of about $ 100 a square foot , as do up - and - coming locations along lower Fifth Avenue .", "entity": [{"entity": "34th Street", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "about $ 100", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "Fifth Avenue", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , rentals in the best retail locations in Boston , San Francisco and Chicago rarely top $ 100 a square foot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boston", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "San Francisco", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And rents on Beverly Hills ' Rodeo Drive generally do n't exceed about $ 125 a square foot .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beverly Hills '", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "Rodeo Drive", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "about $ 125", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The New York Stock Exchange said two securities will begin trading this week .", "entity": [{"entity": "The New York Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision Castparts Corp. , Portland , Ore. , will begin trading with the symbol PCP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Precision Castparts Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Portland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Ore.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It makes investment castings and has traded over - the - counter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC , an Edinburgh , Scotland , financial services company , will list American depositary shares , representing preferred shares , with the symbol RBSPr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "Edinburgh", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "RBSPr", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will continue to trade on the International Stock Exchange , London .", "entity": [{"entity": "the International Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 61]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The American Stock Exchange listed shares of two companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "The American Stock Exchange", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM Telephones Inc. , a Parsippany , N.J. , telecommunications equipment supply company , started trading with the symbol AIM .", "entity": [{"entity": "AIM Telephones Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Parsippany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "N.J.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "AIM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had traded over - the - counter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columbia Laboratories Inc. , Miami , began trading with the symbol COB .", "entity": [{"entity": "Columbia Laboratories Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Miami", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "COB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmaceuticals maker had traded over - the - counter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Market System of the Nasdaq over - the - counter market listed shares of one company .", "entity": [{"entity": "The National Market System", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Nasdaq", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Employee Benefit Plans Inc. , a Minneapolis health - care services company , was listed with the symbol EBPI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Employee Benefit Plans Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "EBPI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ideal Basic Industries Inc. said its directors reached an agreement in principle calling for HOFI North America Inc. to combine its North American cement holdings with Ideal in a transaction that will leave Ideal 's minority shareholders with 12.8 % of the combined company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ideal Basic Industries Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "HOFI North America Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "North American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [132, 146]}, {"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 212]}, {"entity": "12.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [243, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOFI , the North American holding company of Swiss concern Holderbank Financiere Glaris Ltd. , previously proposed combining its 100 % stake in St. Lawrence Cement Inc. and its 60 % stake in Dundee Cement Co. with its 67 % stake in Ideal .", "entity": [{"entity": "HOFI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "North American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "Swiss", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Holderbank Financiere Glaris Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 92]}, {"entity": "100 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "St. Lawrence Cement Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 168]}, {"entity": "60 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "Dundee Cement Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 208]}, {"entity": "67 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [218, 222]}, {"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [232, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But HOFI 's first offer would have given Ideal 's other shareholders about 10 % of the combined company .", "entity": [{"entity": "HOFI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "about 10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ideal 's directors rejected that offer , although they said they endorsed the merger proposal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the agreement , HOFI will own 87.2 % of the combined company .", "entity": [{"entity": "HOFI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "87.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ideal 's current operations will represent about 39.2 % of the combined company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "about 39.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transaction is subject to a definitive agreement and approval by Ideal shareholders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ideal said it expects to complete the transaction early next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ideal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "early next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chase Manhattan Bank Chairman Willard Butcher is a conservative banker and a loyal Republican , but on Friday morning he had few kind words for President Bush 's economic policy - making .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chase Manhattan Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "Willard Butcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "Republican", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There are some very significant issues out there , such as the fiscal deficit , the trade deficit , our relations with Japan , that have to be the subject of major initiatives , '' he said in an interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I 'd like to see that initiative , and I have n't .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is n't a big shot , an agenda . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few hours later , the stock market dropped 190 points .", "entity": [{"entity": "A few hours later", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "190", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Politicians tried to finger each other for the blame , although many analysts doubt that Washington was singly responsible for Wall Street 's woes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Mr. Butcher 's comments make one thing clear : Some on Wall Street wonder if anyone is in charge of economic policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butcher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consider this :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- By 11:59 p.m. tonight , President Bush must order $ 16 billion of automatic , across - the - board cuts in government spending to comply with the Gramm - Rudman budget law .", "entity": [{"entity": "11:59 p.m. tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "$ 16 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "Gramm - Rudman", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [149, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cuts are necessary because Congress and the administration have failed to reach agreement on a deficit - cutting bill .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` We simply do n't have strong leadership to try to reduce the deficit and make tough choices , '' House Budget Committee Chairman Leon Panetta ( D. , Calif . ) said yesterday on NBC News 's `` Meet the Press . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "House Budget Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 122]}, {"entity": "Leon Panetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "Calif .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [167, 176]}, {"entity": "NBC News 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 191]}, {"entity": "Meet the Press", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [195, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- For the last two weeks , the Bush administration and the Federal Reserve have been engaged in a semi-public battle over international economic policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "two weeks", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration has been trying to push the dollar lower ; the Fed has been resisting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fed", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` One of the things that continues to worry me is this monetary warfare between the Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve Board , '' said Lawrence Kudlow , a Bear , Stearns & Co. economist , on ABC 's `` This Week . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "the Treasury Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 134]}, {"entity": "Lawrence Kudlow", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "Bear , Stearns & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 185]}, {"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 204]}, {"entity": "This Week", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [211, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- The administration has sent out confusing signals about its response to a recent spate of airline takeovers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last month , Transportation Secretary Sam Skinner forced Northwest Airlines to reduce a stake held by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Transportation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "Sam Skinner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "Northwest Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he has since run into opposition from the Treasury and the White House over that decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And he has kept mum on how his decision might affect a bid for United Airlines , which includes a big stake by British Airways PLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "British Airways PLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some analysts say uncertainty about Washington 's anti-takeover policy was one reason that financing for the United Airlines takeover fell through -- the event that triggered the market drop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "United Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many ways , the backdrop to Friday 's stock decline is eerily similar to that of October 1987 's 508 - point crash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "October 1987 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "508", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , as now , the budget debate was behind schedule and automatic spending cuts were within days of taking hold .", "entity": [{"entity": "days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Treasury was locked in a battle over international economic policy , although at that time it was with West German officials rather than the Federal Reserve .", "entity": [{"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "West German", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "the Federal Reserve", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And concern about official actions aimed at takeovers -- then by the tax - writing House Ways and Means Committee rather than the Transportation Department -- were making markets nervous .", "entity": [{"entity": "House Ways and Means Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 113]}, {"entity": "the Transportation Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1987 crash brought the Reagan administration and Democratic lawmakers to the table for the first budget summit , resulting in a two - year plan to reduce the deficit by more than $ 76 billion -- even though the deficit actually rose by nearly $ 12 billion during that period .", "entity": [{"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Reagan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Democratic", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "two - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "more than $ 76 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "$ 12 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [247, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , barring further drops in the market this week , a similar outcome does n't seem likely this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawmakers and administration officials agree that Friday 's drop , by itself , is n't enough to force both sides back to the table to try to reach a deficit - reduction agreement that would be more serious and more far - reaching than last spring 's gimmick - ridden plan , which still is n't fully implemented .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "last spring 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [235, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the biggest reasons that new talks are n't likely to come about is that , as everyone learned in 1987 , the economy and the market can survive a one - day 508 - point tumble .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "one - day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "508", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Everybody thought we were looking at a repetition of 1929 , that we were looking at a recession , '' Rep. Panetta said yesterday in an interview .", "entity": [{"entity": "1929", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "Panetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` That did not happen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They learned they could survive it without much problem . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But administration officials privately agree with Mr. Panetta , who said a precipitous drop this week `` is going to force the president and Congress to take a much harder look at fiscal policy . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Panetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "this week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that case , there will be plenty of blame to go around .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There is an underlying concern on the part of the American people -- and there should be - that the administration has not gone far enough in cutting this deficit and that Congress has been unwilling to cut what the administration asked us to cut , '' said Senate Finance Committee Chairman Lloyd Bentsen ( D. , Texas ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 183]}, {"entity": "Senate Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [260, 284]}, {"entity": "Lloyd Bentsen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [294, 307]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [310, 312]}, {"entity": "Texas", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [315, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , it clearly will take more than Friday 's 190 - point decline to overcome the bitter feelings that have developed between lawmakers and White House Budget Director Richard Darman over the capital - gains fight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "190", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "Richard Darman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [178, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hill Democrats are particularly angry over Mr. Bush 's claim that the capital - gains cut was part of April 's budget accord and his insistence on combining it with the deficit - reduction legislation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Democrats", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "April", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There is no prospect of any so - called grand compromise or deal next year because the administration simply did n't live up to this year 's deal , '' Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell ( D. , Maine ) said yesterday on CBS News 's `` Face the Nation . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "George Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [177, 192]}, {"entity": "D.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [195, 197]}, {"entity": "Maine", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [200, 205]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [213, 222]}, {"entity": "CBS News 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [226, 237]}, {"entity": "Face the Nation", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [241, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During last week 's maneuverings on the deficit - cutting bill and the capital - gains issue , there were signs that Senate Republicans and the administration were at odds .", "entity": [{"entity": "last week 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the very moment that Senate Republicans were negotiating a deal to exclude capital gains from the deficit - reduction legislation , White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater told reporters that it was the president 's policy to include it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "Marlin Fitzwater", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When an agreement was reached to strip capital gains from the legislation , Oregon Sen. Bob Packwood , the ranking GOP member of the tax - writing Senate Finance Committee , hailed it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oregon", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Bob Packwood", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "GOP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "Senate Finance Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asked if the administration agreed , he curtly replied : `` The adminstration will have to speak for itself . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday 's market tumble could spur action on reconciling the House and Senate versions of the deficit - reduction measure , a process that is n't expected to begin until tomorrow at the soonest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "tomorrow", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senate Republicans expressed the hope that the House would follow the lead of the Senate , which on Friday agreed to drop a variety of spending measures and tax breaks that would have increased the fiscal 1990 deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Republicans", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` The market needs a strong signal that we 're serious about deficit reduction , and the best way to do that is for the House of Representatives to strip their bill '' of similar provisions , Sen. Warren Rudman ( R. , N.H . ) . said yesterday .", "entity": [{"entity": "the House of Representatives", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 145]}, {"entity": "Warren Rudman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "R.", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [214, 216]}, {"entity": "N.H .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "yesterday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [234, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The White House Office of Management and Budget , whose calculations determine whether the Gramm - Rudman targets are met , estimated that the House - passed deficit - reduction measure would cut the fiscal 1990 shortfall by $ 6.2 billion , almost half of the Congressional Budget Office 's estimate of $ 11.0 billion .", "entity": [{"entity": "The White House Office of Management and Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 47]}, {"entity": "Gramm - Rudman", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "fiscal 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [200, 211]}, {"entity": "$ 6.2 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [225, 238]}, {"entity": "almost half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [241, 252]}, {"entity": "the Congressional Budget Office 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [256, 290]}, {"entity": "$ 11.0 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [303, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rep. Panetta said that OMB 's figure would still be enough to avoid permanent across - the - board cuts , but added : `` We 're getting very close to the margins here . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Panetta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "OMB", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No one in Washington was willing to take the blame for provoking Friday 's drop in the stock market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But some players were quick to seize the moment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the sun had set on Friday , Richard Rahn , the supply - side chief economist of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce , issued a statement attributing the drop in stock prices to the Senate decision to postpone action on capital gains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Richard Rahn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "Senate", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` Investors , who had been holding assets in anticipation of a more favorable time to sell , were spooked , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There have been many preposterous reasons advanced to support a capital - gains tax cut , '' Sen. Mitchell said during his television appearance , `` but I suggest that is perhaps more than any of the others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avis Inc. , following rival Hertz Corp. 's lead , said it is backing out of frequent - flier programs with three airlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avis Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Hertz Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Garden City , N.Y. , car - rental company said it wo n't renew contracts with NWA Inc. 's Northwest Airlines unit , Pan Am Corp. 's Pan American World Airways unit and Midway Airlines at the end of this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garden City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "N.Y.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "NWA Inc. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Northwest Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "Pan Am Corp. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "Pan American World Airways", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 162]}, {"entity": "Midway Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 187]}, {"entity": "the end of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [191, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it remains involved in programs with AMR Corp. 's American Airlines unit and Delta Air Lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMR Corp. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "American Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "Delta Air Lines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Industry estimates put Avis 's annual cost of all five programs at between $ 8 million and $ 14 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "between $ 8 million and $ 14 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [67, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spokesman for Avis would n't specify the costs but said the three airlines being dropped account for `` far less than half '' of the total .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "far less than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [106, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Budget Rent a Car Corp. , of Chicago , and National Car Rental Systems Inc. , of Minneapolis , both said they had no plans to follow suit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Budget Rent a Car Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "National Car Rental Systems Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 75]}, {"entity": "Minneapolis", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , Budget indicated it saw some benefit to staying involved in these programs , in which renters earn frequent - flier miles and fliers can get car - rental discounts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` I can not see how this news by Hertz and Avis can not benefit Budget 's programs , '' said Bob Wilson , Budget 's vice president , marketing planning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hertz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Bob Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northwest and Midway are two of the five airlines with which Budget has agreements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Northwest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Midway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "National also participates in the Northwest frequent - flier program along with four other airlines , including Delta and USAir Group Inc. 's USAir unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "National", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Northwest", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "Delta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 117]}, {"entity": "USAir Group Inc. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "USAir", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A month ago , Hertz , of Park Ridge , N.J. , said that it would drop its marketing agreements at year end with Delta , America West and Texas Air Corp. 's Continental Airlines and Eastern Airlines , and that pacts with American Airlines , UAL Inc 's United Airlines and USAir also would be ended ... sometime after Dec. 31 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A month ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Hertz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Park Ridge", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "N.J.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "year end", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Delta", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "America West", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Texas Air Corp. 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [136, 154]}, {"entity": "Continental Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 175]}, {"entity": "Eastern Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 196]}, {"entity": "American Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [219, 236]}, {"entity": "UAL Inc 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "United Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [250, 265]}, {"entity": "USAir", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [270, 275]}, {"entity": "Dec. 31", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [315, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , Hertz said its annual fees to those airlines amounted to $ 20 million and that the value of redeemed awards topped $ 15 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hertz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "annual", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "$ 20 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "$ 15 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [129, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysts and competitors , however , doubt the numbers were that high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Budget said its frequent - flier costs are `` substantially below '' Avis 's level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Budget", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert D. Cardillo , Avis vice president of marketing , said , `` The proliferation and costs attached to { frequent - flier programs } have significantly diminished their value . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert D. Cardillo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This year has been difficult for both Hertz and Avis , said Charles Finnie , car - rental industry analyst at Alex . Brown & Sons .", "entity": [{"entity": "This year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Hertz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Avis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Charles Finnie", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "Alex . Brown & Sons", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` They 've been looking to get their costs down , and this is a fairly sensible way to do it , '' he said .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General Motors Corp. , in a series of moves that angered union officials in the U.S. and Canada , has signaled that as many as five North American assembly plants may not survive the mid-1990s as the corporation struggles to cut its excess vehicle - making capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "General Motors Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "as many as five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "North American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [132, 146]}, {"entity": "the mid-1990s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In announcements to workers late last week , GM effectively signed death notices for two full - sized van assembly plants , and cast serious doubt on the futures of three U.S. car factories .", "entity": [{"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM is under intense pressure to close factories that became unprofitable as the giant auto maker 's U.S. market share skidded during the past decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "the past decade", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company , currently using about 80 % of its North American vehicle capacity , has vowed it will run at 100 % of capacity by 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "North American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "100 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just a month ago , GM announced it would make an aging assembly plant in Lakewood , Ga. , the eighth U.S. assembly facility to close since 1987 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Just a month ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "Lakewood", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "Ga.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , GM appears to be stepping up the pace of its factory consolidation to get in shape for the 1990s .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "the 1990s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One reason is mounting competition from new Japanese car plants in the U.S. that are pouring out more than one million vehicles a year at costs lower than GM can match .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "more than one million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [97, 118]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another is that United Auto Workers union officials have signaled they want tighter no - layoff provisions in the new Big Three national contract that will be negotiated next year .", "entity": [{"entity": "United Auto Workers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM officials want to get their strategy to reduce capacity and the work force in place before those talks begin .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem , however , is that GM 's moves are coming at a time when UAW leaders are trying to silence dissidents who charge the union is too passive in the face of GM layoffs .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Against that backdrop , UAW Vice President Stephen P. Yokich , who recently became head of the union 's GM department , issued a statement Friday blasting GM 's `` flagrant insensitivity '' toward union members .", "entity": [{"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "Stephen P. Yokich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The auto maker 's decision to let word of the latest shutdowns and product reassignments trickle out in separate communiques to the affected plants showed `` disarray '' and an `` inability or unwillingness to provide consistent information , '' Mr. Yokich said .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yokich", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [250, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM officials told workers late last week of the following moves : Production of full - sized vans will be consolidated into a single plant in Flint , Mich .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Flint", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 147]}, {"entity": "Mich", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That means two plants -- one in Scarborough , Ontario , and the other in Lordstown , Ohio -- probably will be shut down after the end of 1991 .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Ontario", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Lordstown", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "the end of 1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shutdowns will idle about 3,000 Canadian assembly workers and about 2,500 workers in Ohio .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "about 2,500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "Ohio", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robert White , Canadian Auto Workers union president , used the impending Scarborough shutdown to criticize the U.S. - Canada free trade agreement and its champion , Prime Minister Brian Mulroney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert White", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Canadian Auto Workers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "Scarborough", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Brian Mulroney", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Canadian auto workers may benefit from a separate GM move that affects three U.S. car plants and one in Quebec .", "entity": [{"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Workers at plants in Van Nuys , Calif. , Oklahoma City and Pontiac , Mich. , were told their facilities are no longer being considered to build the next generation of the Pontiac Firebird and Chevrolet Camaro muscle cars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Nuys", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Calif.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "Pontiac", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Mich.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Pontiac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "Firebird", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "Chevrolet", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 201]}, {"entity": "Camaro", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [202, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM is studying whether it can build the new Camaro - Firebird profitably at a plant in St. Therese , Quebec , company and union officials said .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Camaro - Firebird", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "St. Therese", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "Quebec", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That announcement left union officials in Van Nuys and Oklahoma City uncertain about their futures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Nuys", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Van Nuys plant , which employs about 3,000 workers , does n't have a product to build after 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Van Nuys", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "about 3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerry Shrieves , UAW local president , said the facility was asked to draw up plans to continue working as a `` flex plant , '' which could build several different types of products on short notice to satisfy demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Shrieves", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the Oklahoma City plant , which employs about 6,000 workers building the eight - year - old A - body mid-sized cars , Steve Featherston , UAW local vice president , said the plant has no new product lined up , and `` none of us knows '' when the A - body cars will die .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oklahoma City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "about 6,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "eight - year - old", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "Steve Featherston", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 138]}, {"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said he believes GM has plans to keep building A - body cars into the mid-1990s .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "the mid-1990s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At Pontiac , however , the Camaro - Firebird decision appears to erase UAW hopes that GM would reopen the shuttered assembly plant that last built the plastic - bodied , two - seater Pontiac Fiero model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pontiac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Camaro - Firebird", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "Pontiac Fiero", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fiero plant was viewed as a model of union - management cooperation at GM before slow sales of the Fiero forced the company to close the factory last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fiero", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "Fiero", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Union officials have taken a beating politically as a result .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissident UAW members have used the Fiero plant as a symbol of labor - management cooperation 's failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "UAW", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Fiero", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of Arby 's franchisees said they formed an association to oppose Miami Beach financier Victor Posner 's control of the restaurant chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arby 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Miami Beach", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Victor Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision is the latest move in an escalating battle between the franchisees and Mr. Posner that began in August .", "entity": [{"entity": "Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "August", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time , a group called R.B. Partners Ltd. , consisting of eight of Arby 's largest franchisees , offered more than $ 200 million to buy Arby 's Inc. , which is part of DWG Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "R.B. Partners Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Arby 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "more than $ 200 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [111, 134]}, {"entity": "Arby 's Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "DWG Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [174, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DWG is a holding company controlled by Mr. Posner .", "entity": [{"entity": "DWG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One week later , Leonard H. Roberts , president and chief executive officer of Arby 's , was fired in a dispute with Mr. Posner .", "entity": [{"entity": "One week later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Leonard H. Roberts", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "Arby 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friday , 42 franchisees announced the formation of an association -- called A.P. Association Inc. -- to `` preserve the integrity of the Arby 's system . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "42", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "A.P. Association Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "Arby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The franchisees , owners or operators of 1,000 of the 1,900 franchised Arby 's in the U.S. , said : `` We have concluded that continued control of Arby 's by Victor Posner is totally unacceptable to us , because it is extremely likely to cause irreparable damage to the Arby 's system .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "1,900", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Arby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Arby 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "Victor Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "Arby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [270, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We support all efforts to remove Victor Posner from control of Arby 's Inc. and the Arby 's system . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Victor Posner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Arby 's Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Arby", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group said it would consider , among other things , withholding royalty payments and initiating a class - action lawsuit seeking court approval for the withholdings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Florida , Renee Mottram , a senior vice president at DWG , responded : `` We do n't think any individual or group should disrupt a winning system or illegally interfere with existing contractual relationships for their own self - serving motives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Florida", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Renee Mottram", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "DWG", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weatherford International Inc. said it canceled plans for a preferred - stock swap but may resume payment of dividends on the stock , and added that it expects to publicly offer about 10 million common shares .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weatherford International Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "about 10 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [178, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company said it planned to offer an undetermined number of common shares in exchange for the 585,000 shares of its preferred stock outstanding .", "entity": [{"entity": "585,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exchange ratio was never established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weatherford said market conditions led to the cancellation of the planned exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weatherford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energy - services concern said , however , that in January 1990 , it may resume payments of dividends on the preferred stock .", "entity": [{"entity": "January 1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weatherford suspended its preferred - dividend payment in October 1985 and said it has n't any plans to catch up on dividends in arrears about $ 6 million , but will do so some time in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weatherford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "October 1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "about $ 6 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the company said it filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the proposed offering of 10 million shares of common stock , expected to be offered in November .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Securities and Exchange Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 84]}, {"entity": "10 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company said Salomon Brothers Inc. and Howard , Weil , Labouisse , Friedrichs Inc. , underwriters for the offering , were granted an option to buy as much as an additional 1.5 million shares to cover over - allotments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salomon Brothers Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "Howard , Weil , Labouisse , Friedrichs Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 86]}, {"entity": "as much as an additional 1.5 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [151, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proceeds will be used to eliminate and restructure bank debt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weatherford currently has approximately 11.1 million common shares outstanding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weatherford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "approximately 11.1 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding the Oct. 3 letter to the editor from Rep. Tom Lantos , chairman of the House Subcommittee on Employment and Housing , alleging :", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct. 3", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "Tom Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "the House Subcommittee on Employment and Housing", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . That your Sept. 28 editorial `` Kangaroo Committees '' was factually inaccurate and deliberately misleading .", "entity": [{"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "Sept. 28", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Kangaroo Committees", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [36, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I thought your editorial was factually accurate and deliberately elucidative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . That Mr. Lantos supported the rights of the witnesses to take the Fifth Amendment .", "entity": [{"entity": "2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "the Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yes , he did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As I watched him on C - Span , I heard him speak those lovely words about the Bill of Rights , which he quotes from the transcript of the hearings .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - Span", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "the Bill of Rights", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [74, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He did repeat those nice platitudes several times as an indication of his support for the Constitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Constitution", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He used about 56 words defending the witnesses ' constitutional rights .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 56", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately , by my rough guess , he used better than 5,000 words heaping scorn on the witnesses for exercising the Fifth .", "entity": [{"entity": "5,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He sandwiched his praise of constitutional meat between large loaves of bilious commentary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As your editorial rightly pointed out , Samuel Pierce , former HUD secretary , and Lance Wilson , Mr. Pierce 's former aide , `` are currently being held up to scorn for taking the Fifth Amendment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Samuel Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Lance Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "the Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [177, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "'' That certainly is not the supposed `` distorted reading '' indicated by Mr. Lantos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . That his `` committee does not deal with any possible criminal activity at HUD .", "entity": [{"entity": "3", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "My colleagues and I fully realize we are not a court ... etc . ''", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolute rubbish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By any `` reasonable man '' criterion , Mr. Lantos and his colleagues have a whole bunch of people tried and convicted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently , their verdict is in .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right now they 're pursuing evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That 's not a bad way to proceed , just somewhat different from standard American practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How was that practice referred to when I was in school ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ah , yes , something called a Star Chamber .", "entity": [{"entity": "a Star Chamber", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , Mr. Lantos doth protest that his subcommittee simply seeks information for legislative change .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No doubt that 's partially true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everything that Mr. Lantos says in his letter is partially true .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He 's right about his subcommittee 's responsibilities when it comes to obtaining information from prior HUD officials .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if his explanation of motivation is true , why is his investigation so oriented as to identify criminal activity ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why not simply questions designed to identify sources and causes of waste and inefficiency ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such as , what happened when Congress wanted to know about $ 400 toilet seats or whatever they supposedly cost ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "400", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , Mr. Lantos 's complaints simply wo n't wash .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . That the Journal defends `` the sleaze , fraud , waste , embezzlement , influence - peddling and abuse of the public that took place while Mr. Pierce was secretary of HUD , '' etc. and so forth .", "entity": [{"entity": "4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No , to my mind , the Journal did not `` defend sleaze , fraud , waste , embezzlement , influence - peddling and abuse of the public trust ... ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it defended appropriate constitutional safeguards and practical common sense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem , which the Journal so rightly pointed out in a number of articles , is not the likes of Mr. Lantos , who after all is really a bit player on the stage , but the attempt by Congress to enhance itself into a quasi-parliamentary / judicial body .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Of course , we 've also got a judiciary that seeks the same objective . )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system is the problem , not an individual member .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals can always have their hands slapped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's when such slapping does n't occur that we 've got trouble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I do not by any means defend HUD management .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think the kind of congressional investigation that has been pursued is a far greater danger to American notions of liberty and freedom than any incompetency ( and , yes , maybe criminality ) within HUD could possibly generate .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [204, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last time I saw a similar congressional hearing was when `` Tail Gunner Joe '' McCarthy did his work .", "entity": [{"entity": "`` Tail Gunner Joe '' McCarthy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raymond Weber", "entity": [{"entity": "Raymond Weber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parsippany , N.J .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parsippany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "N.J .", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I disagree with the statement by Mr. Lantos that one should not draw an adverse inference against former HUD officials who assert their Fifth Amendment privilege against self - incrimination in congressional hearings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lantos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "HUD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [136, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fifth Amendment states in relevant part that no person `` shall be compelled , in any criminal case , to be a witness against himself . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "The Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This privilege against self - incrimination precludes the drawing of an adverse inference against a criminal defendant who chooses not to testify .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in a criminal case , a prosecutor can not comment on a defendant 's failure to testify nor can the defendant be compelled to take the stand as a witness , thus forcing him to `` take the Fifth . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [194, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The privilege , however , has been limited in accordance with its plain language to protect the defendant in criminal matters only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Supreme Court and some states have specifically recognized that `` the Fifth Amendment does not preclude the inference where the privilege is claimed by a party to a civil cause . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "The Supreme Court", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "the Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [71, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baxter v. Palmingiano , 425 U.S. 308 ( 1976 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baxter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Palmingiano", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "425 U.S. 308", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "1976", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in a civil case , a defendant may be called as a witness , he may be forced to testify or take the Fifth , and his taking of the Fifth may permit the drawing of an adverse inference against him in the civil matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He may take the Fifth in a civil matter only if he has a good faith and justifiable belief that his testimony may subject him to criminal prosecution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allowing the defendant to take the Fifth in a civil matter is not based on a constitutional right to refuse to testify where one 's testimony harms him in the civil matter , but because the testimony in the civil matter could be unconstitutionally used against him in a subsequent criminal prosecution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absent the risk of such prosecution , a court may order the defendant to testify .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , when Mr. Pierce asserted the Fifth in a noncriminal proceeding , particularly after presumably receiving extensive advice from legal counsel , one must conclude that he held a good - faith , justifiable belief that his testimony could be used against him in a subsequent criminal prosecution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "Fifth", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subcommittee , Congress and the American public have every right to draw the adverse inference and to concur with Mr. Pierce 's own belief that his testimony could help convict him of a crime .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drawing the adverse inference in a noncriminal congressional hearing does not offend the Fifth Amendment shield against self - incrimination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fifth Amendment", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clark S. Spalsbury Jr .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clark S. Spalsbury Jr .", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estes Park , Colo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estes Park", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Colo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following were among Friday 's offerings and pricings in the U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets , with terms and syndicate manager , as compiled by Dow Jones Capital Markets Report :", "entity": [{"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "non-U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Dow Jones Capital Markets Report", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dow Chemical Co. --", "entity": [{"entity": "Dow Chemical Co. --", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 150 million of 8.55 % senior notes due Oct. 15 , 2009 , priced at par .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 150 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "8.55 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "Oct. 15 , 2009", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The issue , which is puttable back to the company at par on Oct. 15 , 1999 , was priced at a spread of 50 basis points above the Treasury 's 10 - year note .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct. 15 , 1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "50", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "10 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rated single - A - 1 by Moody 's Investors Service Inc. and single - A by Standard & Poor 's Corp. , the non-callable issue will be sold through underwriters led by Merrill Lynch Capital Markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "Moody 's Investors Service Inc.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 55]}, {"entity": "Standard & Poor 's Corp.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 98]}, {"entity": "Merrill Lynch Capital Markets", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centel Capital Corp. --", "entity": [{"entity": "Centel Capital Corp. --", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 150 million of 9 % debentures due Oct. 15 , 2019 , priced at 99.943 to yield 9.008 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 150 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Oct. 15 , 2019", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "99.943", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "9.008 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non-callable issue , which can be put back to the company in 1999 , was priced at 99 basis points above the Treasury 's 10 - year note .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "99", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "10 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rated Baa - 1 by Moody 's and triple - B - plus by S&P , the issue will be sold through underwriters led by Morgan Stanley & Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "1", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "Moody 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "S&P", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "Morgan Stanley & Co", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. --", "entity": [{"entity": "Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. --", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 500 million of Remic mortgage securities offered in 13 classes by Prudential - Bache Securities Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 500 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "13", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Prudential - Bache Securities Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The offering , Series 102 , backed by Freddie Mac 8 1/2 % securities with a weighted average remaining term to maturity of 28.4 years , was priced before the market 's afternoon surge .", "entity": [{"entity": "102", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "8 1/2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "28.4 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among classes for which details were available , yields ranged from 8.78 % , or 75 basis points over two - year Treasury securities , to 10.05 % , or 200 basis points over 10 - year Treasurys .", "entity": [{"entity": "8.78 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "75", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "two - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Treasury", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "10.05 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "10 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "Treasurys", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 300 million of Remic mortgage securities offered by Citicorp Securities Markets Inc .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 300 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Citicorp Securities Markets Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The offering , Series 101 , is backed by Freddie Mac 9 1/2 % securities .", "entity": [{"entity": "101", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "9 1/2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pricing details were n't immediately available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "$ 200 million of stripped mortgage securities underwritten by BT Securities Corp .", "entity": [{"entity": "$ 200 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "BT Securities Corp", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agency 's first strips issue , collateralized by Freddie Mac 8 % securities pooled into a single security called a Giant , will be divided into interest - only and principal - only securities .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "Giant", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The collateral is being sold by a thrift institution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal - only securities will be repackaged by BT Securities into a Freddie Mac Remic , Series 103 , that will have six classes .", "entity": [{"entity": "BT Securities", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "103", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interest - only securities will be sold separately by BT Securities .", "entity": [{"entity": "BT Securities", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal - only securities pay the principal from the underlying Freddie Mac 8 % securities , while the interest - only securities pay only interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freddie Mac said the principal - only securities were priced at 58 1/4 to yield 8.45 % , assuming an average life of eight years and a prepayment of 160 % of the PSA model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Freddie Mac", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "58 1/4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "8.45 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "eight years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "160 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interest - only securities were priced at 35 1/2 to yield 10.72 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "35 1/2", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "10.72 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no major Eurobond or foreign bond offerings in Europe Friday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Friday", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bush administration , trying to blunt growing demands from Western Europe for a relaxation of controls on exports to the Soviet bloc , is questioning whether Italy 's Ing . C. Olivetti & Co. supplied militarily valuable technology to the Soviets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "Western Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "bloc", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "Ing . C. Olivetti & Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 194]}, {"entity": "Soviets", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [242, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the Western European members of Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls , the unofficial forum through which the U.S. and its allies align their export - control policies , are expected to argue for more liberal export rules at a meeting to be held in Paris Oct. 25 and 26 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western European", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 94]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [275, 280]}, {"entity": "Oct. 25", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [281, 288]}, {"entity": "26", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [293, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They plan to press specifically for a relaxation of rules governing exports of machine tools , computers and other high - technology products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the Bush administration says it wants to see evidence that all Cocom members are complying fully with existing export - control procedures before it will support further liberalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To make its point , it is challenging the Italian government to explain reports that Olivetti may have supplied the Soviet Union with sophisticated computer - driven devices that could be used to build parts for combat aircraft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Olivetti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "the Soviet Union", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The London Sunday Times , which first reported the U.S. concerns , cited a U.S. intelligence report as the source of the allegations that Olivetti exported $ 25 million in `` embargoed , state - of - the - art , flexible manufacturing systems to the Soviet aviation industry . ''", "entity": [{"entity": "The London Sunday Times", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Olivetti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "$ 25 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [250, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olivetti reportedly began shipping these tools in 1984 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivetti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A State Department spokesman acknowledged that the U.S. is discussing the allegations with the Italian government and Cocom , but declined to confirm any details .", "entity": [{"entity": "State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [2, 18]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Italian President Francesco Cossiga promised a quick investigation into whether Olivetti broke Cocom rules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Francesco Cossiga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "Olivetti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President Bush called his attention to the matter during the Italian leader 's visit here last week .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "last week", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olivetti has denied that it violated Cocom rules , asserting that the reported shipments were properly licensed by the Italian authorities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olivetti", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the legality of these sales is still an open question , the disclosure could n't be better timed to support the position of export - control hawks in the Pentagon and the intelligence community .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` It seems to me that a story like this breaks just before every important Cocom meeting , '' said a Washington lobbyist for a number of U.S. computer companies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Bush administration has sent conflicting signals about its export - control policies , reflecting unhealed divisions among several competing agencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last summer , Mr. Bush moved the administration in the direction of gradual liberalization when he told a North Atlantic Treaty Organization meeting that he would allow some exceptions to the Cocom embargo of strategic goods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last summer", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Bush", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 140]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But more recently , the Pentagon and the Commerce Department openly feuded over the extent to which Cocom should liberalize exports of personal computers to the bloc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentagon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "the Commerce Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 60]}, {"entity": "Cocom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "bloc", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these agencies generally agree that the West should be cautious about any further liberalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "`` There 's no evidence that the Soviet program to ( illegally ) acquire Western technology has diminished , '' said a State Department spokesman .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "State Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the script \" Mongolian handicapped athletes prepare for the Far South Sports Meet \" broadcast today , the \" Sports Association Chairman Lahagewasu \" at the end of paragraph three should be changed to \" Sports Association Chairman Lahagewasulen \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mongolian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "the Far South Sports Meet", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Sports Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "Sports Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 223]}, {"entity": "Lahagewasulen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , August 31st .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "August 31st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The China 's handicapped sports cause has undergone the several stages of conceptualization , growth and expansion , and is currently rising .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The holding of the 6th Far East and South Pacific Disabled Games will provide more impetus for this trend .", "entity": [{"entity": "6th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Far East and South Pacific Disabled Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [23, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each development step of handicapped sports can not be separated from the concern and support of the Party and the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the beginning of the establishment of the People 's Republic of China , social welfare services and schools for blind children and deaf people were established successively everywhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "the People 's Republic of China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Welfare factories developed activities such as broadcast exercises , etc. and schools established physical education .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a part of the cause for the disabled , disabled sports began to grow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every year , the nation allocates special funds to be used in developing handicapped sports activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nationwide handicapped sports games began to be held in the late 1950's .", "entity": [{"entity": "the late 1950's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The games accelerated improvement and drove popularization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The handicapped sports cause has gradually grown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the reform and opening up , the Chinese economy has developed rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enabled more people to put money and material resource into the disabled sports cause .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the short 10 years , the cause has achieved success of attention from China and abroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "the short 10 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is reasonable to believe that the disabled cause will be increasingly recognized and supported as China 's overall national strength escalates .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The handicapped sports cause will also have broad development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The establishment and healthiness of disabled sports organizations provide organizational assurance for the development of the sports cause for handicapped people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese Injured and Disabled People Sports Association ( renamed to the Chinese Disabled Sports Association in 1990 ) was established in October , 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Chinese Injured and Disabled People Sports Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 58]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Disabled Sports Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 111]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "October , 1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After this a succession of handicapped sports organizations were established throughout China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1985 , the Chinese Mentally Impaired and Blind Sports Associations were also established .", "entity": [{"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Mentally Impaired and Blind Sports Associations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having organization and leadership , activities such as the games and competitions , etc. were increasingly and frequently held .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enthusiasm of handicapped people participating in the sports activities was unprecedentedly increasing , sports levels continually improve and the reserve force is growing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three National Disabled Games were held respectively in Hefei , Tangshan and Guangzhou .", "entity": [{"entity": "Three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "National Disabled Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [6, 29]}, {"entity": "Hefei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Tangshan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scale became larger and larger and the level became higher and higher .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The games have received more broad attention and support of the public , and have attracted more disabled people to take part in the events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1984 the Chinese Disabled Sports Association has become a member of 8 international disabled sports organizations successively , such as the International Para Olympic Committee , etc. and has established relations with disabled sports organizations in various countries and areas and taken part in international events such as the Special Olympic Games , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Since 1984", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Disabled Sports Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 50]}, {"entity": "8", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "the International Para Olympic Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 183]}, {"entity": "the Special Olympic Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [334, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In competitions and contacts , disabled Chinese people have revealed extraordinary physical abilities , achieved excellent results , enhanced friendship with disabled people from various countries and areas and contributed to the development of physical activities for disabled people around the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Guaranteed Law for Disabled Persons in the People 's Republic of China \" , which was drafted and implemented in 1991 , stipulates to organize and support disabled people to develop mass sports activities , to hold special games and to participate in important international competitions and communication .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" The Guaranteed Law for Disabled Persons in the People 's Republic of China \"", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [0, 78]}, {"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The guarantee of the law has and will continue to boost the vigorous development of the sports cause for China 's disabled .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Holding the 6th Asia - Pacific Special Olympic Games in Beijing will motivate all of society to better understand and support disabled sports .", "entity": [{"entity": "6th", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Asia - Pacific Special Olympic Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [16, 52]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will make the public more conscious of helping disabled people and encourage more disabled people to take part in physical activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will , therefore , greatly assist in the development of the sports cause for China 's disabled .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truly , the foundation of disabled sports in China is not very strong , popularization is not yet widespread , and compared with some developed countries , still has a large gap .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the \" impact \" of the Far South Games foreshadows a bright future for this civilized and progressive cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Far South Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( End )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Changchun , December 16th , by reporter Changqing Zhou", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Changchun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "December 16th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Changqing Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This year , the United Nations Development and Planning Office held a Tumen River Area International Tourism Conference in Jilin , China , actively supporting projects such as China 's Changbai Mountain 's ice and snow winter tourism , etc. , while at the same time , still providing funds for training international economic and trade talent here .", "entity": [{"entity": "This year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "the United Nations Development and Planning Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 62]}, {"entity": "a Tumen River Area International Tourism Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [68, 119]}, {"entity": "Jilin , China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "Changbai Mountain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The United Nations Industrial Development Organization recently implemented a thorough investigation into the current state of industrial projects in the Tumen River region , and made some suggestions about future industrial development projects in this area .", "entity": [{"entity": "The United Nations Industrial Development Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 54]}, {"entity": "the Tumen River region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [150, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also invited some experts to implement an appraisal of the industrial projects put forward by related countries , and then after the appraisal , entered these projects into the Industrial Development Organization 's network to attract international business .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Industrial Development Organization 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International societies represented by the United Nations Development and Planning Office and the Industrial Development Organization have always given active support and effective promotion to the Tumen River region 's international cooperation and development program .", "entity": [{"entity": "the United Nations Development and Planning Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 89]}, {"entity": "the Industrial Development Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [94, 133]}, {"entity": "the Tumen River region 's", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [194, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tumen River development program , aiming at building up the Tumen Delta , where the three countries of China , Russia and North Korea meet , into a cosmopolitan hub for the circulation of material and a center for economy and trade , was initially proposed by Chinese experts such as Shishen Ding , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumen River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "the Tumen Delta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [264, 271]}, {"entity": "Shishen Ding", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [288, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1991 , the United Nations Development and Planning decided to support it and announced it to the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "the United Nations Development and Planning", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the end of 1995 , when the program changed from the appraisal phase into the implementation phase , the three countries : China , Russia and North Korea , have all implemented some infrastructure construction and activities for attracting business and investment , and have initially started bilateral and multilateral cooperation .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of 1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerned countries and the international societies have also given support to this program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For several years , the United Nations Development and Planning Office has , as always , supported the Tumen River development , and actively helped the three countries : China , Russia and North Korea , to attract world business and to help implement feasibility studies for development projects .", "entity": [{"entity": "several years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "the United Nations Development and Planning Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 70]}, {"entity": "Tumen River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 and 1996 , with the help of the United Nations Development and Planning Office and the Industrial Development Organization , China and North Korea successively held the \" Tumen River region investment and trade negotiation conference \" , and both made relatively good achievements .", "entity": [{"entity": "1995 and 1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "the United Nations Development and Planning Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 86]}, {"entity": "the Industrial Development Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 130]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "North Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "Tumen River region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the near future , the Russian Tumen River Region Negotiation Conference will also be held in Vladivostok .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Russian Tumen River Region Negotiation Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [21, 74]}, {"entity": "Vladivostok", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the Industrial Development Organization has also entrusted China 's Northeast Teacher 's University , which has considerably researched the regional economy , to implement the preliminary investigation and research for analysis of the circulation of materials via the sea , land and air transportation system of the Northeast Asia region in the next twenty years .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Industrial Development Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 50]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Northeast Teacher 's University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 110]}, {"entity": "the Northeast Asia region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [323, 348]}, {"entity": "the next twenty years", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [352, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tumen River Development Program has also received strong support from governments and enterprises of many countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Tumen River Development Program", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , the Finnish government has allocated 1 million US dollars as a subsidy for the preliminary work of the Tumen River Development ; Sweden has put forth funding to do feasibility studies on the linking of the Chinese and Mongolian railways and the construction of a new Northeast Asian continental bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finnish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "1 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "the Tumen River Development", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 141]}, {"entity": "Sweden", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [221, 228]}, {"entity": "Mongolian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [233, 242]}, {"entity": "Northeast Asian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [282, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the Japanese Import and Export Bank has signed a contract with Russia to participate in the construction of Russia 's Zalubinau port expansion project .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Japanese Import and Export Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 46]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "Russia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "Zalubinau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the invitation of concerned Chinese departments , Japan has also made investigations into the comprehensive development of the regions along the railway from China 's Changchun to Huichun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 166]}, {"entity": "Changchun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 179]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shuoren Jin , mayor of Huichun in Jilin Province , said : \" International societies ' support and participation play an active and key role in Huichun 's development and opening up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shuoren Jin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "Jilin Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last few years has been the period when Huichun 's overall strength has been enhanced most remarkably , the appearance of urban and rural areas has changed most noticeably and the most real benefits have been gained by people . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "The last few years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to investigations , South Korean enterprise circles have invested nearly 100 million US dollars in Huichun , and foreign - invested enterprises have become an important pillar of the local economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "South Korean", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "100 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [83, 105]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to promote the development of the Tumen River region , South Korea donated one million US dollars to establish the Tumen River development fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Tumen River region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "South Korea", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "one million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "Tumen River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , 100,000 US dollars has been taken from the fund to make an evaluation of the environment in China 's Huichun 's frontier cooperative area in the expectation of providing consultation on the environmental aspect for the entry of large quantities of foreign capital into this area .", "entity": [{"entity": "100,000 US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Huichun", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhezhu Quan , vice governor of Jilin Province who is in charge of the work of economy and trade , said : \" International societies are welcome to join us for joint promotion of the Tumen River development undertaking , and the development of the regional economy so as to benefit the people of Northeast Asia . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhezhu Quan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Jilin Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "Tumen River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [181, 192]}, {"entity": "Northeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [294, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Shanghai , Dec. 20th , by reporter Yu Wu", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Dec. 20th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Yu Wu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From January to November of this year , the Shanghai 's total foreign trade export volume for the year reached 22.02 billion US dollars , increasing by 73 % compared with 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "January to November of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 37]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "22.02 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [111, 135]}, {"entity": "73 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reporter learned from the municipal foreign economy and trade committee that in the past 5 years , through foreign trade system reform and implementing a \" big foreign trade \" strategy , Shanghai 's total import and export volume is steadily increasing at about 14 % per year , and its foreign trade has entered its fastest period of development in history .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past 5 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "about 14 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [261, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shanghai estimates that this year 's value of exports could exceed 14.5 billion US dollars , among which finished industrial products account for 93.1 % , having increased 4.1 % over 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "14.5 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "93.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "4.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [183, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical and electronic products account for 31.5 % of the total export value , up from 17.9 % of 5 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "31.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "17.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "5 years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , Shanghai has established trade contacts with 205 countries and regions , and Southeast Asia , Oceania , Latin America , the Middle East and South Africa have become new markets opened up by Shanghai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "205", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Oceania", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 147]}, {"entity": "South Africa", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [202, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Xiaoming Zhu , director of the Shanghai Foreign Economic and Trade Committee , Shanghai has sped up implementing a business strategy of diversity in foreign trade enterprises to meet the requirements of national policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xiaoming Zhu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Foreign Economic and Trade Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 89]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gradually changes the entire city 's 725 foreign trade enterprises of various kinds into market economic principles that autonomously manage business and are responsible for their own profits and losses .", "entity": [{"entity": "725", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By such economic means as merging , holding stocks , sharing stocks , etc. , foreign trade group companies such as Oriental International , Lansheng , and those in foreign economy , light industry , machinery and livestock production , etc. have been successively organized , raising the scale of operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oriental International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 137]}, {"entity": "Lansheng", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , Shanghai has formed 6 export forces : foreign trade , industrial trade , self - management enterprises , enterprises subordinate to central government departments and enterprises in Shanghai invested by other provinces and cities , and foreign investment enterprises .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "6", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [188, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , Shanghai maintains the trinity of harmonious development : the goods trade , technology trade and services trade , while implementing the \" Dragon 's head program \" , and optimizing its export goods structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It takes full advantage of the policy for the new Pudong region to breed new growth of foreign trade export .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pudong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to estimates , Shanghai 's technology export transaction value could reach 650 million US dollars this year , which is 3.53 times that of 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "650 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "3.53", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technology trade and the service trade account for about 14 % of total exports .", "entity": [{"entity": "about 14 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "80 types of \" Dragon 's head merchandise \" such as clothing , textile products , vessels , steel , electronic computers , household electrical appliances , containers , etc. have developed quickly and account for more than half of the entire city 's export volume .", "entity": [{"entity": "80", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From January to November , the new Pudong region 's foreign trade export volume was 2.8 billion US dollars , accounting for 1/5 of the entire city 's export volume .", "entity": [{"entity": "January to November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "Pudong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "2.8 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "1/5", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is reported that in the past 5 years , Shanghai , through such methods as actively purchasing export goods from other provinces and cities and by holding activities such as the East China Export Goods Trade Fair , etc. , has strengthened its influence as a port city on the entire country .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past 5 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "the East China Export Goods Trade Fair", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [176, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , it develops multinational operations and vigorously opens up diversified markets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the latest statistics , Shanghai has founded 218 trade - oriented companies and organizations abroad , organized 6 regional overseas group companies , and it has approved overseas non-trade enterprises reaching 260 with a total investment of 200 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "218", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "6", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [126, 127]}, {"entity": "260", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "200 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [255, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The business of Shanghai in foreign engineering contracts is also developing quickly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This year , 586 new foreign engineering contracting and labor contracts have been signed with contracted funds of 265 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "This year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "586", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "265 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [114, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Tianjin , January 10 , by wire ( reporter Xuejie Man and correspondent Hong Zhang )", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Tianjin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "January 10", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "Xuejie Man", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Hong Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reporter learned from the Tianjin Port Bonded Area that in 1997 the bonded area comprehensively surpassed quotas on various economic indicators with an average growth rate reaching more than 70 % , ranking the first among China 's bonded areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Tianjin Port Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 55]}, {"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "more than 70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [186, 200]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [227, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , last year , the Tianjin Port Bonded Area completed a total amount of 850 million US dollars in investment agreements , increasing by 72 % over the same period of the previous year , with total foreign investment agreements of 700 million US dollars , increasing by 75 % over the same period of the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "the Tianjin Port Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 66]}, {"entity": "850 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [95, 117]}, {"entity": "72 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [169, 205]}, {"entity": "700 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [252, 274]}, {"entity": "75 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [291, 295]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [301, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It achieved a total volume of 4 billion US dollars of goods going into and out of the area , increasing by 83 % over the same period of the previous year , with a total amount of 1 billion US dollars from imports and exports .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [30, 50]}, {"entity": "83 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [117, 153]}, {"entity": "1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [179, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these were the highest levels in history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since being put into operation five years ago , the Tianjin Port Bonded Area has completed the construction of China 's first goods distribution center , functions like a customs port , opened up the special use the railway line from the Tianjin Port Bonded Area passing Xi'an and Lanzhou to arrive at Xinjiang 's Allah Mountain pass customs port , established a number of large - scale materials circulation distribution and supply centers integrating storage , transportation and sales , opened multiple railway and international container joint - operations with a monthly loading and unloading capacity reaching 6,000 standard containers .", "entity": [{"entity": "five years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "the Tianjin Port Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 76]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "the Tianjin Port Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [234, 262]}, {"entity": "Xi'an", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [271, 276]}, {"entity": "Lanzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [281, 288]}, {"entity": "Xinjiang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [302, 310]}, {"entity": "Allah Mountain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [314, 328]}, {"entity": "6,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [616, 621]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has built up an installation capacity of 7,000 sets of program - controlled telephones , had a power supply capacity of 25,000 kilovolts , and a daily water supply capacity of 10,000 tons .", "entity": [{"entity": "7,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "25,000 kilovolts", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [123, 139]}, {"entity": "10,000 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the bonded area has implemented a series of preferential policies towards enterprises entering the area : it has established a system of \" no custom accounting \" and established manuals and management ; for enterprises engaged in international trade and storage processing in the area , the equipment and materials needed are duty free , and domestic trade continuing to sell out of the bonded area is regarded as export , for which customs provides tax refunds , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the daily improvement of the Tianjin Port Bonded Area 's investment environment , foreign businessmen coming to invest are increasing daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Tianjin Port Bonded Area 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , there were thirteen large projects of over 20 million yuan alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "thirteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "20 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CALTEX and Caterpillar from the US , Japan 's Itochu , South Korea 's Daewoo and the New World Consortium from Hong Kong had been successively entering the zone to invest and open business .", "entity": [{"entity": "CALTEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Caterpillar", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Itochu", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "South Korea 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Daewoo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "the New World Consortium", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 105]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While foreign investments were flocking in large numbers , twenty large and medium - sized state - owned enterprises also entered and settled themselves in the zone last year , investing a total of nearly 200 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "twenty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "200 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [205, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , in the past five years , Tianjin Bonded Area has attracted a total of over 3000 enterprises from 73 countries and regions all over the world and 25 domestic provinces , cities and municipalities to invest , reaching a total agreed investment value of more than 3 billion US dollars and a total agreed foreign investment reaching more than 2 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past five years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "Tianjin Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "3000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "73", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "25", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [171, 173]}, {"entity": "more than 3 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [277, 307]}, {"entity": "more than 2 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [355, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Lanzhou , February 15 , by wire ( reporter Zhi Qu )", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Lanzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "February 15", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Zhi Qu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , foreign funded enterprises in Gansu Province no longer worry about investment risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To ensure that the opening up to the outside world can be implemented smoothly , during the \" eighth five - year plan \" period ( 1991 to 1995 ) , Gansu Province 's foreign affairs insurance industry developed rapidly , and it has already provided an accumulated sum of 61.1 billion yuan in terms of risk safeguard .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "five - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "1991 to 1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [146, 163]}, {"entity": "61.1 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [269, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insurance coverages include the four large categories of property , liability , credit and life , with more than sixty primary and secondary risk types .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "sixty", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to presentations from concerned departments in Gansu Province , since the \" eighth five - year plan \" , Gansu Province has used foreign investments to vigorously develop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "five - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of meeting the needs of economic development and overseas investors , the Gansu provincial branch of the People 's Insurance Company of China Group caters to foreign businessmen 's requirements , providing whole - process insurance which extends from the import of equipment to its transportation , and from installation to the formation of fixed assets , thus helping foreign businessmen to set their minds at ease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "the People 's Insurance Company of China Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional insurance lines such as transportation insurance , property insurance , automobile insurance , etc. are specially offered to foreign funded enterprises such as the Zhengda Company and the Huaxing Aluminum Firm , etc. and new types of insurance such as employer liability insurance , investment insurance , and profit - loss insurance , etc. are also offered at the appropriate time , satisfying the investment needs of foreign businessmen , bringing the insurance rate of the foreign business invested enterprises to more than 90 percent .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Zhengda Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [173, 192]}, {"entity": "the Huaxing Aluminum Firm", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 222]}, {"entity": "more than 90 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [530, 550]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , during the \" eighth five - year plan \" period , the amount of risk People 's Insurance Co. took up for the import and export trade of Gansu Province reached 771 million yuan , and paid out 13.855 million yuan as indemnity , effectively promoting the development of Gansu Province 's import and export trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "five - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "People 's Insurance Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [160, 174]}, {"entity": "771 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [183, 199]}, {"entity": "13.855 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [215, 234]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [291, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" redirection of the Da river to Shaanxi \" project mortgaged by the World Bank is the longest gravity - irrigation water conservancy project in the whole country .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Da river", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "Shaanxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "the World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People 's Insurance Co. in Gansu Province provided all kinds of risk insurance to thirteen of the joint venture contractors and had indemnity reaching 693 million yuan .", "entity": [{"entity": "People 's Insurance Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "693 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [151, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also provided 190 million US dollars of installation insurance for a national key project : the Lanhua Chemical Fertilizer Plant reform and expansion project .", "entity": [{"entity": "190 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "Lanhua Chemical Fertilizer Plant", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [101, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aiming at the development requirements of the Gansu tourism industry , People 's Insurance Co. actively promotes travel insurance for overseas tourists , and took the lead at home in providing insurance for individual overseas tourists , which made sure that all those who came sightseeing in Gansu Province during the \" eighth five - year plan \" period had insurance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "People 's Insurance Co.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 94]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [293, 307]}, {"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [321, 327]}, {"entity": "five - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [328, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gansu Province also actively explored high risk business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gansu Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the \" eighth five - year plan \" period , it participated in the co-insurance of satellite launching , with a shared risk amount reaching 10 million yuan , and , paying 5 million yuan in indemnity , became the northwest 's first company to participate in the aerospace industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "eighth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "five - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "10 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "5 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [175, 189]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [229, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , it actively expanded its insurance business in the overseas market , providing nearly 30 million US dollars in comprehensive insurance for construction engineering to the Zimbabwe Highway project that was bid on by an international company in the province ; providing liability insurance of 13 million US dollars for the overseas department of the Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Factory and the Singapore Oil Drilling Platform ; providing related forms of insurance for Gansu Province 's Overseas Economic and Trade Negotiation Association and for laborers exported overseas ; and also providing complementary insurance services for the overseas business of the Gansu Province Thermoelectric Company .", "entity": [{"entity": "nearly 30 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [98, 126]}, {"entity": "Zimbabwe Highway", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [190, 206]}, {"entity": "13 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [310, 331]}, {"entity": "the Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Factory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [363, 406]}, {"entity": "the Singapore Oil Drilling Platform", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [411, 446]}, {"entity": "Gansu Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [490, 507]}, {"entity": "Overseas Economic and Trade Negotiation Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [508, 559]}, {"entity": "the Gansu Province Thermoelectric Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [678, 719]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Guiyang , December 22nd , by reporter Fang Fang", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Guiyang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Fang Fang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guizhou Mao - tai Distillery , which is well - known in China and abroad , plans to implement a technology renovation project with an investment surpassing 400 million RMB to further increase the output of Mao - tai in the next three years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guizhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Mao - tai Distillery", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [8, 28]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to solve the enormous need for capital , the company is now striving to issue stock and to attempt more financing channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information was revealed a few days ago by Keliang Ji , the board chairman of the Guizhou Mao - tai Distillery ( Group ) Company of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keliang Ji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "the Guizhou Mao - tai Distillery ( Group ) Company of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keliang Ji said this expansion project would increase the annual output capacity of Mao - tai by 2,000 tons , reaching an output of 6,000 tons per year by 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Keliang Ji", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mao - tai , which is praised as China 's \" national alcoholic drink \" , has a very long history , and is called one of the world 's three famous distilled spirits , the other two being French Cognac and the UK 's Scotch whiskey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [185, 191]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [207, 209]}, {"entity": "Scotch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [213, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the art of manufacturing Mao - tai is complicated and its production cycle is long , the output of Mao - tai is extremely limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annual output only reached 1,200 tons in 1987 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , under the support of the national Ministry of Finance and the Light Industry Headquarters , the Mao - tai Distillery invested 530 million yuan RMB to successively implement a two - phase expansion and technology renovation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ministry of Finance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 71]}, {"entity": "the Light Industry Headquarters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 107]}, {"entity": "the Mao - tai Distillery", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , it has an annual production capacity of 4,000 tons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , this plant made over 4,400 tons of Mao - tai ; with sales income exceeding 500 million yuan RMB , and profit and taxes reaching 370 million RMB , both being the best levels in history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mao - tai , which is made in the Chishui river valley area in the northern part of Guizhou Province in southwest China , is known for its extremely special fermentation technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Chishui river valley", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "Guizhou Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water used comes from the Chishui river that flows over cinnabar quality soil and selectively uses such locally produced raw materials as sorghum , high quality wheat , etc. and is fermented during the period from the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival to the Double Ninth Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Chishui river", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a total of 10 months fermentation , which requires adding material twice , distilling 7 times , fermenting 8 times , and braising and boiling 9 times , the spirit is then put into specially made earthen jars , sealed and stored for over three years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , it is finished by veteran brewers carefully mixing additives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What makes Mao - tai even more famous is that first generation leaders of new China had used it to entertain distinguished guests such as former president Nixon of the US , Tanaka Kakuei , former prime minister of Japan , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mao - tai", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Nixon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "Tanaka Kakuei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [173, 186]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Shenyang , March 19 , by wire", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Shenyang", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "March 19", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liaoning , a large industrial province of China , in the beginning of this year , comprehensively increased import and export trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liaoning", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "the beginning of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first two months of this year , the total value of import and export trade reached 1.24 billion US dollars , increasing 6 % over the same period last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first two months of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 36]}, {"entity": "1.24 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [90, 113]}, {"entity": "6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "the same period last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [136, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , from January to February of this year , the total export volume of Liaoning achieved 1 billion US dollars , increasing by 4.7 percent over the same period last year , including 780 million US dollars of local product export which was mainly finished products .", "entity": [{"entity": "January to February of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 63]}, {"entity": "Liaoning", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [111, 131]}, {"entity": "4.7 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "the same period last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [165, 190]}, {"entity": "780 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [203, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The foreign trade export proportion of Liaoning 's three - capital enterprises has started to increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liaoning", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January and February , the export volume of three - capital enterprises for the whole province reached 260 million US dollars , which was twice as much as that of the same period last year , and 12 percent higher than the total export volume of the whole province in the same period last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "January and February", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "260 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [106, 128]}, {"entity": "the same period last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [166, 191]}, {"entity": "12 percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [198, 208]}, {"entity": "the same period last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [270, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , Liaoning Province possesses more than 100 import and export companies varying in business and administration at the province , city , and county level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liaoning Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "more than 100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are more than 200 large and medium - sized manufacturing enterprises with import and export authorization and more than 1500 foreign - invested enterprises doing import and export business .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "more than 1500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , the total achieved import and export volume was 10.99 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "10.99 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [60, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Xi'an , December 30th , by reporter Lianye Zhang", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Xi'an", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "December 30th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Lianye Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At next Spring 's \" '98 negotiation conference on cooperation between east and west China and investment and trade \" , Shaanxi Province will promote public auctioning of a number of small state - owned enterprises to domestic and overseas traveling merchants .", "entity": [{"entity": "next Spring 's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "'98", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "negotiation conference on cooperation between east and west China and investment and trade", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [24, 114]}, {"entity": "Shaanxi Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This province has currently drafted preferential policies to encourage state - owned enterprises , collective enterprises , privately - operated enterprises , individually - owned science and technology enterprises , foreign funded enterprises and average people from inside and outside the province using various methods to participate in Shaanxi 's small state - owned enterprise reforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaanxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [340, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It encourages small State - owned enterprises to cross industries , to cross regions and to cross ownership systems to look for co-operation partners and to proactively \" become related by marriage \" with dominant enterprises and to mutually merge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small state - owned enterprises of Shaanxi account for over ninety percent of the total number of state - owned enterprises , with fixed assets accounting for more than thirty percent , and the number of employees accounting for over fifty percent of the total number .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaanxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "over ninety percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "more than thirty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [159, 183]}, {"entity": "fifty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [234, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shaanxi Province states that next year it will basically give more freedom to provincial small state - owned enterprises to do business .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shaanxi Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently issued preferential policies include : appropriate preferences should be granted to enterprises with net assets and relatively good operations , where enterprise assets are sold to lawyers and average people ; for those implementing auctions , related taxes can be reduced or eliminated ; for those implementing shares cooperation system reforms , the state - owned net assets should be first sold to employees of these enterprises .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [396, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Income from transferring enterprise property rights should not only be used for settling employees , but also should be collected for re-investment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through evaluation , enterprises whose assets and debt are quite balanced will implement a \" zero assets \" sale and debt will go with the assets .", "entity": [{"entity": "zero", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If sold to employees , the form of these enterprise 's ownership system and employee status will be changed at the same time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If sold to a legal person or an ordinary person who accepts settling employees , the cost of buying seniority of state - owned employees , can be resolved by adopting the method of reducing or eliminating local taxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If not settling employees , the cost of buying seniority will be paid from the sale income of the state - owned net assets according to the financial affiliation relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For enterprises whose assets do not offset debt and that are on the verge of bankruptcy , measures can be adopted for reorganization such as reorganizing enterprise management levels , changing methods of enterprise assets operation , and guiding the enterprise organization of structural adjustment , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For enterprises with no hope of revival , bankruptcy must resolutely be implemented according to law .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At bankruptcy , income from liquidating assets should be used first to settle employees and insufficiencies should be made up for from the sale of real estate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stock cooperatives are an important form of opening up small state - owned enterprises .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enterprises whose system is changed in this form can enjoy preferential policies , such as income taxes being returned when they exceed the base , temporarily not levying business tax on fixed assets , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For those implementing mergers , the merging party can enjoy policy - type loss subsidies of the merged enterprise , or the enterprise accumulation fund can also be used to compensate for loss , and insufficiencies can be listed as pre-tax expenditures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non-bank debt of reformed enterprises can be transferred from creditor rights to stock ownership ; those having difficulty paying taxes , can implement \" temporarily postponing old debt but not owing on new taxes , and suspending taxes and waiving fines , and paying off year by year \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , December 26th , by reporter Xidong Wang", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "December 26th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Xidong Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China plans to formulate many new preferential policies to ensure positively , reasonably and effectively utilizing foreign investment and to improve the pattern of opening up to the outside world .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relevant department of the State Planning Commission presented that , in order to expand channels of utilizing foreign capital , China will actively experiment with and gradually develop a variety of ways such as BOT , project financing and issuing stocks overseas , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "the State Planning Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 54]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will expand co-operation with developed countries and the widely developing countries , expand fields for opening up to the outside world , and continue experiments utilizing foreign investment in the insurance industry and retail commerce industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In industries such as mining resources development and retail , etc. new policies for utilizing foreign investment will be promoted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data provided by the State Taxation Administration show that , starting next year , foreign business investment BOT projects will continue to enjoy preferential taxation , and the scope of their preferential policies will include investment enterprises and individual investors engaged in BOT projects .", "entity": [{"entity": "the State Taxation Administration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 50]}, {"entity": "next year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relevant State Council Special Zone Office director expressed that , in order to encourage foreign businessmen to carry out investment in the mid and western areas , foreign businessmen will be allowed , in the mid and western areas , to initiate projects in which China 's industrial policy restricts foreign business investment but which can make use of manpower resources .", "entity": [{"entity": "State Council Special Zone Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 44]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [267, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , China will encourage Sino - foreign joint investments to construct and operate public docks and berths , and will allow foreign businessmen investing exclusively to construct cargo owners ' wharves and their specialized waterways .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "Sino - foreign", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With approval , foreign companies can establish Sino - foreign joint venture shipping companies in China , and foreign shipping companies investing exclusively can establish shipping service companies by following shipping agreements between the two governments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sino - foreign", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [246, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , up to now , China has totally approved over 300,000 foreign - invested enterprises , and has actually utilized foreign investment of about 200 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "over 300,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "about 200 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [159, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utilized foreign investment has accounted for over 20 % of the fixed assets investment of the whole society .", "entity": [{"entity": "over 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to analysis , due to promotion of enterprise reforms , China 's demand for foreign investment will grow accordingly , and industries invested in by foreign businessmen will also expand daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New policies being successively issued show that China will actively lead the direction of foreign investment to reach the goal of reasonably utilizing foreign investment .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a future period of time , China will encourage foreign businessmen to invest in new agricultural technology , comprehensive development of land resources , and such basic industries and pillar industries as water conservation , energy , transportation , important raw materials , machinery and electronics , mining , etc. and will encourage foreign businessmen to employ new high level technology to participate in the technical transformation of China 's enterprises", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [451, 456]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Washington , DC , April 20 , by wire ( reporter Qian Ying )", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Washington , DC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "April 20", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Qian Ying", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese branch of the American Chamber of Commerce recently dispatched a delegation made up of twenty - five people launching a month - long lobbying campaign in Washington directed at congress and the White House , asking them to continue to extend granting China most - favored - nation trading status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "the American Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 54]}, {"entity": "twenty - five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "month - long", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "the White House", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [263, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chamber of Commerce delegates participating in this lobbying campaign come from many well - known in Washington , large American companies , such as Dow Jones , AT&T , IBM , Boeing , McDonald Douglas , General Electric , Westinghouse , Ford , and the Xian Ni Lei De Group , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Dow Jones", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "AT&T", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "IBM", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "Boeing", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "McDonald Douglas", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 203]}, {"entity": "General Electric", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 222]}, {"entity": "Westinghouse", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [225, 237]}, {"entity": "Ford", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 244]}, {"entity": "the Xian Ni Lei De Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [251, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They split into five groups and altogether visited about 150 members of congress , congressional aides , and government officials , using their experience of investing in and managing enterprises in China to explain the necessity of extending giving China most - favored - nation trading status .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "150", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [199, 204]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [250, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the once - a - year deliberations by the American administration and congress concerning the question of China 's most - favored - nation trading status again approaching , American businesses in Washington are universally concerned that the disputes among America 's political parties in this big election year could make this question even more complicated , hence the organization of groups to carry out a lobbying campaign directed at them that is organized and is planned .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "Washington", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhen Wang , a businessman of Chinese descent who is representing the Guangzhou chapter of the American Chamber of Commerce and the Xian Ni Lei De Group and is participating in the lobbying team , said to this reporter that , as a follow - up action to this lobbying effort , he prepared to mobilize tens of thousands of distributors who belong to the company to write to their local congressional representatives to support extending China 's most - favored - nation trading status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zhen Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "the American Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 122]}, {"entity": "the Xian Ni Lei De Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 151]}, {"entity": "tens of thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [299, 316]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [434, 439]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The head of the Guangdong branch of the American Chamber of Commerce , the attorney Yonghua Kang , said the Clinton administration had already demonstrated that it wanted to extend China 's most - favored - nation trading status and because of this , the focus of this round of lobbying was those members of congress who are more conservative .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "the American Chamber of Commerce", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 68]}, {"entity": "Yonghua Kang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "Clinton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Ningbo , February 7th , by reporters Hongwei Hu and Jicheng Chai", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Ningbo", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "February 7th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "Hongwei Hu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Jicheng Chai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ningbo Bonded Area , which occupies a total area of 2.3 square kilometers , has made substantial achievements after 3 years of construction .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Ningbo Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "2.3 square kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "3 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ningbo Bonded Area is one of the 13 bonded areas in China and was established after approval by the State Council in 1992 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Ningbo Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "13", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "the State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , the various functions of the bonded area have fundamentally taken shaped , and its development level is high among all the bonded areas in China .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , by the end of last year , import and export trade of the Ningbo Bonded Area added up to 812 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "the Ningbo Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "812 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [114, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last year alone , import and export trade amounts going through customs of the bonded area reached 365 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last year alone", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 22]}, {"entity": "365 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [106, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , there are 10 bonded warehouses in the area , the storage area of which is more than 80,000 square meters .", "entity": [{"entity": "10", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "more than 80,000 square meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [87, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last year alone , the value of goods stored in the area reached 2.627 billion yuan RMB .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last year alone", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 22]}, {"entity": "2.627 billion yuan RMB", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [71, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the adjustment of related special policies outside the bonded areas in China starting in April of this year , the advantage of the bonded area 's stability in certificate - free , duty - free and bonded policies is becoming more obvious .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "April of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A great number of industrial processing projects come to the area successively from inside and outside the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of last December , the total number of enterprises in the bonded area was 1,614 , of which 260 were foreign - invested enterprises and the total investment reached 1.2 billion US dollars , with an actual utilized foreign investment of 113 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of last December", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 27]}, {"entity": "1,614", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "260", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "1.2 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [175, 197]}, {"entity": "113 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [246, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , a large number of domestic enterprises coupled themselves with the international market through the bonded area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To complement the bonded area with operations , the Ningbo Bonded Area has taken the lead in China in implementing trial one - stop management and one - time handling of direct , legal enterprise registration .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Ningbo Bonded Area", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , the bonded zone is taking a firm hold in the construction of a network system for the information highway in the area so as to create favorable complementary conditions for the realization of modernized management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , September 1st , by reporter Liang Zhou", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "September 1st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "Liang Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's down and down products industry has arisen rapidly in the past ten - odd years and has now become an important component of light industry , with both annual export volumes and export values accounting for half of the world 's total volume of down trade , and being well received in the international down market .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the past ten - odd years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [63, 87]}, {"entity": "half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China 's down and down products industry started its rapid development in the mid '80s .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "the mid '80s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire industry makes use of China 's resources and manpower advantage , and additionally stresses introducing advanced foreign technology and equipment , thus increasing production volume and quality by a large margin .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to incomplete statistics , China currently has over 3,000 down and down product enterprises , among which , those above scale have reached more than 600 , with employed staff of about 300,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "over 3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "more than 600", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [149, 162]}, {"entity": "about 300,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [188, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has an annual production capacity of 50 million down products with a total annual industrial output value reaching 8 billion yuan .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "8 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through more than ten years ' market development , China has now become the world 's main down manufacturing country and down products export country , annually exporting nearly 30,000 tons of down and over 20 million down products , with earned foreign exchange reaching 820 million US dollars , including down clothing export values accounting for more than 50 % of total industry export values .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than ten years '", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 29]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "nearly 30,000 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [171, 189]}, {"entity": "over 20 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "820 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [272, 294]}, {"entity": "more than 50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [350, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to presentations , the quality of China 's down industry products has shown a trend of stable increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first half of this year , the country selectively examined 56 down clothing enterprises , and products of 47 enterprises passed completely , accounting for 84 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first half of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 30]}, {"entity": "56", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "47", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "84 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In market competition , products such as Jiangxi 's Yaya brand , Beijing 's Yililan brand , Guangdong 's Galanz brand , and Sichuan 's Tian'ge brand , etc. have great reputations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jiangxi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Yaya", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Yililan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Galanz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Sichuan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "Tian'ge", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Guangzhou , April 23rd , by reporter correspondent Shengmin Zhao", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "April 23rd", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Shengmin Zhao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guangzhou 's private sector economy is developing swiftly , enterprise scale is gradually enlarging , and has begun to develop towards the area of high and new technology industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , by the first quarter of this year , the number of registered private enterprises in Guangzhou has reached 7646 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first quarter of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 59]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "7646", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [132, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 97,963 employed people , and registered capital of private enterprises is more than 3.08 billion yuan , respectively 10 % to 20 % higher than that of the same period of the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "97,963", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "more than 3.08 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [84, 111]}, {"entity": "10 % to 20 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [160, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first quarter of this year , the development of Guangzhou 's privately owned enterprises again showed many characteristics : all walks of life are developing extensively , and the development of industry and commerce is remarkable .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first quarter of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 33]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Privately owned industry and commercial enterprises total 5836 .", "entity": [{"entity": "5836", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 76,724 employed people , respectively increasing by 9.33 % and 11.22 % than the end of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "76,724", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "9.33 % and 11.22 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "the end of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proportion of the number of private industries and private commerce in the total number of private enterprises and employed people of the whole city is respectively 76.33 % and 78.32 % , the number of recently opened private enterprises are continually increasing .", "entity": [{"entity": "76.33 % and 78.32 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [169, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first quarter this year , totally , registered and recently started privately owned enterprises of the whole city are 851 , 5.98 % higher than that of the same period of the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "The first quarter this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "851", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "5.98 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [155, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the input of registered capital of privately owned enterprises has shown a trend of substantial growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of the first quarter of this year , the registered capital of Guangzhou 's privately owned enterprises is 3.08 billion yuan , 24.97 % higher than that of the end of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of the first quarter of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 44]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "3.08 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "24.97 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "the end of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [165, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guangzhou 's private enterprises have begun to set foot in the area of high and new technology industries , and the rate of development is considerably fast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first quarter of this year , the number of science and technology consulting enterprises in Guangzhou has reached 534 , more than double of that of the same period of the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first quarter of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 33]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "534", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [155, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the operation scale constantly expanding , the economic benefits have increased significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first quarter of this year , Guangzhou 's private industries , construction industries and traffic and transportation industries have achieved a total output value of 412 million yuan , 22.62 % higher than that of the same period of the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the first quarter of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 33]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "412 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [174, 190]}, {"entity": "22.62 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "the same period of the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [221, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Shanghai , August 31st , by reporter Jierong Zhou", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "August 31st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Jierong Zhou", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "US Commerce Secretary Brown , who is visiting China now , said here today that Shanghai is a city whose economy is rapidly developing .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US commercial sector is very interested in building a good relationship with Shanghai .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brown expressed that , both sides could achieve further co-operation in the areas of transportation , telecommunication , power generation , financial services etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brown arrived in Shanghai from Beijing late last night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "late last night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , Brown separately attended the signing of a 20 - year joint investment agreement between a world famous power plant equipment manufacturer -- the US 's Westinghouse Company and the Shanghai Electric Group ; and the signing of a joint investment agreement between the US 's General Electric Capital Company and the Shanghai Electricity Company to jointly invest in and establish a combustible engine electric power generation company .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "20 - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 155]}, {"entity": "Westinghouse Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 179]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Electric Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 211]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [274, 276]}, {"entity": "General Electric Capital Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [280, 312]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Electricity Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [317, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is reported that , the joint - investment agreement between the US Westinghouse Company and the Shanghai Electric Group included the joint manufacture of key components of 300,000 kW thermal power generating units , and simultaneously expanding co-operation in various areas of 600,000 kW units .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "Westinghouse Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 90]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Electric Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 122]}, {"entity": "300,000 kW", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "600,000 kW", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [281, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co-operation between the US General Electric Capital Company and the Shanghai Electric Company included investment in building 4 sets of 100,000 kW class turbine generating units .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "General Electric Capital Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 60]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Electric Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 94]}, {"entity": "4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [127, 128]}, {"entity": "100,000 kW", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This afternoon , Brown also visited Shanghai 's AMP Linking Company , Ltd. , which was jointly invested and built by the Shanghai Electric Component Company and the US AMP China Limited Company , situated in Shanghai 's Caohejing high - tech development district .", "entity": [{"entity": "This afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "AMP Linking Company , Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 74]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Electric Component Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 156]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 167]}, {"entity": "AMP China Limited Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 193]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [208, 216]}, {"entity": "Caohejing", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He also cut the ribbon for the sixth US Boeing aircraft , which was introduced by Shanghai Airlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "Boeing aircraft", "entity_type": "product", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "Shanghai Airlines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Committee member of the CCP Central Politburo , and Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee , Bangguo Wu met with Brown this afternoon and introduced the progress and development prospects of reforms and opening up in Shanghai .", "entity": [{"entity": "the CCP Central Politburo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 45]}, {"entity": "the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 103]}, {"entity": "Bangguo Wu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "this afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [132, 146]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brown and his delegation left Shanghai for Guangzhou tonight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The representative to Shanghai 's Mayor , and Municipal Foreign Economic and Trade Committee Director , Zukang Wang went to the airport to escort the US guests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Municipal Foreign Economic and Trade Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 92]}, {"entity": "Zukang Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , August 31st", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "August 31st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main Bureau of Customs recently issued an announcement that Customs would implement protective measures for intellectual property rights at border entry and exit junctions starting on September 15th , 1994 in accordance with currently implemented related laws and the \" decision regarding the further strengthening of work protecting intellectual property rights \" by the State Council .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bureau of Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "September 15th , 1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [188, 209]}, {"entity": "the State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [372, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The announcement clearly pointed out that goods violating intellectual property rights , including exclusive rights of trademarks , copyrights and patent rights , were not allowed to be imported or exported ; when Customs discovers the import and export of goods that are reported as violating rights and other goods that were suspected of violating intellectual property rights , it has the right to ask the people importing and exporting the goods to provide legal proof of use of related intellectual property rights and make additional reports to Customs about the state of the intellectual property rights of goods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [551, 558]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Customs is entitled to reject shipments of goods that can not provide legal proof ; for importing and exporting laser discs , laser video discs and importing laser disc molds and materials and laser videos as part of processing trade , the consignors and consignees shall complete Customs formalities based on relevant regulations of the country and proof of approval issued by relevant departments concerned with audio and video products ; when importing and exporting goods , if the consignors and consignees falsify conditions of the property rights of the goods , evade supervision of Customs , and smuggle goods that violate rights , Customs will handle them in accordance with the relevant regulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [281, 288]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [589, 596]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [639, 646]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The announcement also made some stipulations about the rights , responsibilities and obligations of the owners of intellectual property rights .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The owners of intellectual property rights who are protected by China 's law can report to local Customs when they discover that goods that violate their rights are going to be imported or exported .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on rights certificates of the intellectual property rights ( for example certificates of registration of intellectual property rights or samples of the works that are copyrighted and related materials sufficient to prove their rights ) , they can report to Custom locations where the relevant goods are imported or exported and also request Customs to investigate and deal with the import and export of goods that violate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Custom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 269]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [347, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owners of intellectual property rights , when requesting Customs to investigate and deal with goods that violate rights , should bear responsibility for reporting , assist Customs to develop investigation work and pay the appraisal and investigation of the related goods and other related expenses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , August 31 , by wire", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "August 31", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Israel 's Foreign Minister , Shimon Peres , said that China , by persevering in going its own way , and concentrating its efforts on conquering poverty set an example for the people of every country of the Middle East .", "entity": [{"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": ", Shimon Peres ,", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [202, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is what Peres said in the preface he composed especially for the Chinese edition of his just published new work \" The New Middle East . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "The New Middle East", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [119, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peres said : \" China and Israel are at the two ends of Asia , separated by ' ten thousand crags and torrents . '", "entity": [{"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "ten thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet the people of our two countries nevertheless are similar to one another .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The great Chinese people offered up to the world cultural riches on the spiritual plane and material plane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If these riches did n't exist , people would not be able to describe the course of history . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said in addition : \" We who live in western Asia are gazing at the east with a look of hope and reverence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China has already demonstrated to the entire world that the strategy for resolving the question of poverty in society lies in carrying out a plan that has been reasoned out and in concentrating strength towards a task that has a reasonable hope of success . . . . . . .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "China still believes in the path that it itself has specified .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past it has not yielded to any pressure from outside , and now it still unswervingly defends the right to determine its own future for itself . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The book \" The New Middle East \" originally was published as an English edition around the end of autumn last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" The New Middle East \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "the end of autumn last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [87, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The author starts the discussion from September of that year with Israel 's signing the Declaration of Principles of Palestinian Autonomy with the Palestine Liberation Organization , and looks back at the complex struggles of the Middle East over the past several hundred years , especially the most recent half century .", "entity": [{"entity": "September of that year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "Israel", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "the Declaration of Principles of Palestinian Autonomy with the Palestine Liberation Organization", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [84, 180]}, {"entity": "the Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 241]}, {"entity": "the past several hundred years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [247, 277]}, {"entity": "the most recent half century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [291, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He expresses his views on building a new Middle East in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "Middle East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the preface to the Chinese edition , Peres says that the leaders of every country must have vision , relinquish old grudges , and create peace in order to deal with \" challenges of tomorrow . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He points out , \" At a time when we are on the threshold of the 21st century , warfare no longer has any use .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 21st century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The important problems we are up against are how to conquer poverty and scarcity . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To do this , he emphasized , \" We must control the desert that is day - by - day eroding arable land , develop new sources of water , and carry out new engineering projects . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peres pointed out that these goals are not likely to be realized easily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They require a sensible attitude and a dedicated spirit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He observed , \" China has already demonstrated that it could conquer poverty and the misery that generations of people have suffered .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope that China becomes a model that the people of all Middle Eastern countries , including both Israelis and Arabs , can imitate on the road that we walk together heading towards the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Middle Eastern", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "Israelis", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "Arabs", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chinese edition of the book \" The New Middle East \" has already recently been published and distributed through Xinhua Publishing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "\" The New Middle East \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "Xinhua Publishing", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Jinan , September 2nd , by reporter Baixin Zhang", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Jinan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "September 2nd", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "Baixin Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laiwu City of Shandong Province has established a cell structure cultivation center inside the agricultural new high level technology development and model zones , to introduce and tame improved breeds of nurseries , flowers and vegetables from home and abroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laiwu City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past two years , more than 50 new breeds such as melons , vegetables , flowers and fruit trees , etc. have successively been introduced from countries such as US and Japan , etc. and has bred 3.5 million improved nurseries .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "more than 50", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [166, 168]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [173, 178]}, {"entity": "3.5 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to understanding , currently Shandong has established ten agricultural new high level technology development and model zones similar to that of Laiwu City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Laiwu City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A government official of Shandong Province told this reporter that this province established agricultural new high level technology development and model zones beginning in 1992 , whose main purpose is to accelerate the transformation of agricultural new high level technology achievements through introducing agricultural new high level technologies from home and abroad to carry out development in order to provide effective models for agricultural production and rural economy development to promote the transformation of traditional agriculture into modern agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , ten agricultural new high level technology development and model zones have designated 180,000 mu of land to become the central model zone .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "180,000 mu", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To accelerate construction of the model zones , Shandong Province has totally invested capital of more than 62 million yuan , with a construction area reaching 218,000 square meters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "62 million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "218,000 square meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [160, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model zones have basically implemented the four conveniences of water , electricity , roads and telecommunications .", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the agricultural new high level technology development and model zone of Zibo City in the Zhangdian District , plan to establish a agricultural scientific research training institute , a breeding area for improved agricultural varieties , an organic vegetable area , a quality orchard , the fine stock breeding farm , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zibo City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "the Zhangdian District", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only are some of the most advanced domestic agricultural technologies here , but also new varieties introduced from foreign countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past two years , the ten agricultural new high level technology development and model zones have promoted more than a hundred new agricultural varieties , developed 23 new high level technology projects entering the zone , and reaped better economic benefits and social benefits .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "more than a hundred", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [113, 132]}, {"entity": "23", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [172, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Weihai agricultural new high level technology development and model zone introduced a new potato variety , and after cultivation and breeding , has provided 50,000 kg of potatoes to society this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Weihai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "50,000 kg", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [194, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have also bred 200,000 toxin - free fruit tree nurseries .", "entity": [{"entity": "200,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New high level technology development and model zones have become Shandong 's agricultural \" model gardens \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many peasants often come here to learn techniques and purchase quality varieties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modeling and leading effects of the model zones have become larger and larger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laiwu City has established a detoxification production base to carry out nursery detoxification on traditional products such as shallot , ginger and garlic , and after detoxification , the output of shallot , ginger and garlic has increased more than doubled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laiwu City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Guangzhou , September 1st , by reporter Wei Zhao", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "September 1st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Wei Zhao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past two years , Guangdong Province has exerted itself to explore new ways of attracting talent under market economy conditions , and has been active in using market mechanisms to allocate resources of talent , and has achieved preliminary results .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Taking the first step \" in Guangdong 's reform and opening up in the 1980's was closely related to the situation at that time of the \" Peafowl Flying Towards the Southeast \" ( human talents from all over , one after another , going to Guangdong ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "the 1980's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "Peafowl Flying Towards the Southeast", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [137, 173]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [237, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the overall opening up of China 's coastal areas , frontier areas , riverside areas and capital cities of every province since the 1990's , the flow of talent tends to be multi-directional and the competition has become increasingly fierce .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "since the 1990's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further enhancing the attraction to talented persons has become the key point of Guangdong 's further development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limo Qin , director of the Talent Exchange and Service Center of Guangdong Province has done analysis and said : \" the economic development rate of Guangdong in 1993 was at an intermediate level of that in the recent years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limo Qin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "the Talent Exchange and Service Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 61]}, {"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "the recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [206, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In that year it introduced more than 100,000 talented persons of various types .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 100,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developing at this rate , in the next ten years , not including graduates from higher education institutes , Guangdong 's talent gap is conservatively estimated to surpass 1 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "the next ten years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "1 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , further opening minds and introducing talent are guidelines of Guangdong 's policy regarding talented people . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , there have been more and more climaxes in Guangdong 's talent market .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each year , there are several large - scale talent employment fairs whose service for more than 1000 employers and more than 10,000 applicants lasts for more than half a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 1000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "more than 10,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [115, 131]}, {"entity": "more than half a month", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [153, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the whole year of 1993 , talent exchange centers of personnel departments across the province registered more than 463,000 people applying for jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "the whole year of 1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 25]}, {"entity": "more than 463,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [108, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 62,000 people with documents of transfer or employment processed , of which 45.8 % had intermediate or advanced level titles of specialty or profession , and 78 % had an undergraduate or higher degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "62,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "45.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "78 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Talent introduction departments also actively went out visiting science and technology management talent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen cities such as Guangzhou , Shenzhen , etc. went to Beijing for the first national talent and technology exchange fair , where they established a total of 100 employment booths .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fourteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the beginning of 1993 , six cities such as Zhuhai , Foshan , etc. also organized a delegation to advertise in the US and Canada for students studying abroad .", "entity": [{"entity": "the beginning of 1993", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 24]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Zhuhai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Foshan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "Canada", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1006 students abroad filled out application forms , and quite a number of people have successively returned to China to take jobs .", "entity": [{"entity": "1006", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , the construction of talent market is also accelerating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1991 when Shenzhen established the first standing talent market , such \" all - weather \" talent exchange organizations have rapidly spread in the Zhujiang Delta and all cities within the province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Since 1991", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "the Zhujiang Delta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [148, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , there are fifteen cities with relatively more advanced economies in the province having built up regular markets .", "entity": [{"entity": "fifteen", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to further enhance the attraction of talent , to break through the barrier of \" departmental ownership \" of talent , and to promote the flow of talent by forming mechanisms of independent employment and job choice , Guangdong Province has also paid greater attention to the formulation of relevant policies and regulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [225, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limo Qin said in his introduction that in recent years the provincial government has successively issued documents such as \" Temporary regulations on encouraging persons studying abroad to work in Guangdong \" , \" Notices on better advertising for talent \" , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Limo Qin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "\" Temporary regulations on encouraging persons studying abroad to work in Guangdong \"", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [123, 208]}, {"entity": "\" Notices on better advertising for talent \"", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [211, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will soon promulgate documents such as \" Detailed rules for implementing temporary regulations on resignations of specialists , technicians and managers in state - owned units \" and \" Supplementary regulations of Guangdong Province on the management of Chinese side cadres in foreign investment enterprises \" , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "\" Detailed rules for implementing temporary regulations on resignations of specialists , technicians and managers in state - owned units \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [42, 180]}, {"entity": "\" Supplementary regulations of Guangdong Province on the management of Chinese side cadres in foreign investment enterprises \"", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [185, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , some new methods in inviting and managing talent have been being tried in various regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Guangzhou , September 1 , by wire ( reporter Xiaoguang Han )", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "September 1", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "Xiaoguang Han", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guangdong Province , fully utilizing its geographical advantage of being in close proximity to Hong Kong and Macao and being located in the Asian tropics , is vigorously developing extroverted agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "Macao", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [140, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to statistics , in recent years , the export volume of Guangdong Province 's agricultural and secondary products and processed products has always been in the forefront in the nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Guangdong Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 86]}, {"entity": "secondary", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , its foreign exchange income was up to more than 2.1 billion US dollars , and in the first half of this year exports again had new growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "more than 2.1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [50, 82]}, {"entity": "the first half of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the countryside of southern Guangdong , this reporter learned that vegetable plots have an abundance of green and lush western lettuce , western celery , western cauliflower ; fish ponds have an abundance of vigorous Californian perch , whitish pomfret ; while flower farmers take care of lovely western flowers such as Dutch tulips , Belgium azalea , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Californian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [323, 328]}, {"entity": "Belgium", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [338, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guangdong farmers who have tasted the sweetness of agriculture that earns foreign exchange are actively bringing in and carefully cultivating excellent , rare , famous and precious varieties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various improved domestic and foreign varieties of flowers , fruits , trees , grasses , vegetables , fish , poultry , animals , etc. are successively settling down in Lingnan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lingnan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Guangdong 's Department of Agriculture statistics , since the mid-80s , Guangdong has attracted more than 1100 improved species of foreign animals and plants , among which more than 300 have been marketed to farmers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "Department of Agriculture", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 51]}, {"entity": "since the mid-80s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "more than 1100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "more than 300", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [185, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various regions have introduced more than 30,000 sets of advanced processing equipment and technologies , and expanded agricultural product processing capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 30,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of the structure of the varieties strengthens the competitiveness of Guangdong 's agricultural products in the international market , and economic benefits have also tremendously increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to satisfy the requirements of the continuously expanding overseas markets , various areas of Guangdong have adjusted to local conditions and selected famous , special and improved varieties , and have built up more than 2,000 agricultural export merchandise production and processing bases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "more than 2,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [220, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to make up for deficiencies in investment funds , Guangdong Province has tried every possible means to attract foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire province has actually utilized foreign funds of nearly 1 billion US dollars , and has established a large number of extroverted agricultural \" three capital \" enterprises which combine agriculture , industry , trade and technology and integrate manufacturing , supply and marketing , and through foreign merchants sales channels , it has also expanded its export of agricultural products .", "entity": [{"entity": "nearly 1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [59, 86]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [154, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , September 1st", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "September 1st", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the press conference held this afternoon , Guofang Shen , spokesman of the Foreign Ministry , answered reporters ' questions such as the issue of Hong Kong and concerning the \" 1995 financial year overseas activities fund appropriation act \" of the US , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "this afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Guofang Shen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "the Foreign Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [180, 184]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [252, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reporter asked : the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress had passed a resolution regarding \" the three - tiered administrative system of Hong Kong will operate until June 30th , 1997 , and then cease . \" ;", "entity": [{"entity": "the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 76]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "June 30th , 1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [186, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , what will the three - level Chinese restructured administrative system be like ?", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And when does the Chinese side plan to set about preparing to construct this system ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guofang Shen said that the HK - UK three - level administrative system , namely the last HK - UK legislative council , the two municipal departments , and the district parliament will only exist till June 30th , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guofang Shen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "HK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "HK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "June 30th , 1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [200, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the inevitable outcome of the UK terminating its rule over Hong Kong at the designated time .", "entity": [{"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that the Chinese government has repeatedly stated that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 's first legislative assembly and regional organizations will be formed according to the Basic Law and relevant resolutions of the National People 's Congress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 109]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "the Basic Law", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [192, 205]}, {"entity": "the National People 's Congress", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [234, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the Preparatory Work Committee of the Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is studying relevant specific issues on forming the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 's first legislative assembly , and will submit suggestions to the Preparatory Committee that will be established in 1996 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Preparatory Work Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 42]}, {"entity": "the Preparatory Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 71]}, {"entity": "the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 118]}, {"entity": "the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [167, 213]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "the Preparatory Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [274, 299]}, {"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [328, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reporter asked : on August 23rd , the US president signed the \" 1995 financial year overseas activities fund appropriation act \" in which it is stipulated that any donation made by the US to the UN population fund must not be used in China .", "entity": [{"entity": "August 23rd", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "financial year overseas activities fund appropriation act", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [71, 128]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [187, 189]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 199]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [236, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is your opinion of this ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guofang Shen said that this bill is a bill carrying political discrimination and extremely unfriendly to China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guofang Shen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an insult to China 's family planning policy , has seriously violated the mission and principles of the UN charter , and sets a very bad precedent for the provision of aid to multi-lateral organizations of the UN .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [216, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pointed out that \" we resolutely oppose any country providing donations with attached conditions to the population fund .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do not hope to see the work of the UN population fund receiving interference or even being diverted from its principles and mission due to pressure from the US . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [160, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This afternoon , vice premier of the State Council and Foreign Affairs Minister Qichen Qian met here individually with former French Prime Minister Raymond Barre and vice Foreign Affairs Minister of Paraguay East Coast Republic Hershy Maria Carmel .", "entity": [{"entity": "This afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "the State Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "Affairs Minister", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "Qichen Qian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "Raymond Barre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "Foreign Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 186]}, {"entity": "Paraguay East Coast Republic", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [199, 227]}, {"entity": "Hershy Maria Carmel", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [228, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qichen Qian told the French guest that France is the first big western country to establish diplomatic relations with China , and that over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France , the development of bilateral relations has been satisfactory overall despite some complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qichen Qian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "over the past 30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [135, 157]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [224, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He pointed out that regardless of whatever major changes happen in the international situation , maintaining friendly relations between the two countries , namely China and France , will always be important for the peace , stability and development of the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sides also exchanged views on relevant problems such as the security situation and economic development in Asia , the unification of Europe , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barre hoped that Franco - Chinese relations would achieve further development and strengthening , and also expressed that France , using its dominant position , was willing to more actively participate in the economic build - up of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Franco - Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [232, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "President of the Foreign Affairs Institute Shuqin Liu was also present at the meeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Foreign Affairs Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 42]}, {"entity": "Shuqin Liu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barre and his entourage arrived in Beijing on the 30th at the invitation of the Foreign Affairs Institute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barre", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "the 30th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "the Foreign Affairs Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will also go to Shanghai for a visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his meeting with the Uruguayan guests , Qichen Qian expressed welcome over the visit by vice Foreign Affairs Minister Kamyao and the political consultations in progress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguayan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Qichen Qian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Foreign Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "Kamyao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that for the more than six years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Uruguay , the friendly co-operative relations between the two countries had continued its steady development .", "entity": [{"entity": "the more than six years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uruguay is one of the earliest countries in the Latin American region to develop trade with China , and bilateral trade development has been relatively rapid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "the Latin American region", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 69]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , China is the largest buyer of Uruguayan wool .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Uruguayan", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He hoped that henceforth , both countries ' co-operation and interaction in economics , trade and technology would further expand and develop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qichen Qian expressed his gratitude towards the support Uruguay has given to China in international affairs , and expressed commendation over Uruguay government 's position of persisting in their one - China stance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qichen Qian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [202, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said , Latin America was a continent filled with hopes , and possessed huge development potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , the Latin American economy has steadily grown , which has provided good conditions for further strengthening economic and trade co-operation between China and Latin America .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "Latin American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "Latin America", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said , China puts great importance on strengthening friendly co-operative relations with countries of the southern common market , including Uruguay , and other Latin American countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "Latin American", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [164, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kamyao expressed , Uruguay puts great importance on developing relations with China in areas such as economics , trade , science , technology , culture , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kamyao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said , in the early 70's China recovered a legal seat in the United Nations , and this was a major development in the affairs of United Nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "the early 70's", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "the United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "United Nations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uruguay highly commended China on playing an increasingly important role in international affairs , especially the active role taken in building a new political and economic world order .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uruguay resolutely supports the recovery of China 's status as a signatory country of GATT , and believes that it will make active contributions in the future World Trade Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uruguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "GATT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This morning , Kamyao represented the Paraguay government in presenting China 's Weaving Association with 17 tons of wool for the purpose of scientific research by relevant Chinese departments , scientific research organizations and other high level institutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "This morning", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Kamyao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Paraguay", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "Weaving Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "17 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vice Foreign Affairs Minister Huaqiu Liu held talks with Kamyao here on the 29th .", "entity": [{"entity": "Foreign Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "Huaqiu Liu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Kamyao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "the 29th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both parties exchanged opinions in depth regarding further developing bilateral relations and also international and regional problems that were of common concern , and they achieved widespread agreement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kamyao and his entourage , were invited by the Foreign Ministry for a visit to China and arrived on August 29th to carry out political consultations between the two countries ' foreign affair ministries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kamyao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "the Foreign Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "August 29th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They will also go to Hangzhou for a visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , January 5th , by reporter Huangbiao He", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "January 5th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "Huangbiao He", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wangma Computer Company , a high science and technology enterprise in Beijing 's Zhongguan village , held a press conference in the Great Hall Of the People on January 4th and announced : to meet urgent demands for office automation of all Party departments , the government and the army , it was decided to \" open \" a whole set of top - quality products of Wangma Software , which can profit more than one million yuan , to the home , all in the way to non-encoded floppy disks , exempting technical fees , so that all domestic computer users can copy and use .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Wangma Computer Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Zhongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "the Great Hall Of the People", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [132, 160]}, {"entity": "January 4th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 249]}, {"entity": "Wangma Software", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [362, 377]}, {"entity": "more than one million yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [397, 423]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Wangma Computer Company was named for the Wubi font , the coding method of Chinese characters invented by the famous computer expert - Yongmin Wang .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Wangma Computer Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Wubi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Yongmin Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This simple , convenient and efficient input method covers more than 85 % of the nation 's computer users , and has become the input technology of Chinese characters which dominates the leading position in our nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 85 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , with the rapid development of the computer business , more and more computer users successively come \" line up to register \" and purchase Wubi 's latest edition and the operating system using the Wangma Chinese characters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wubi", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "Wangma", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 208]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to benefit society , the Wangma Computer Company determinedly gave up an opportunity that would have earned big money by dedicating unencoded floppy disks to users , allowing them to copy by themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Wangma Computer Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leaders , experts and users attending the conference gave a very high appraisal of the decision of the Wangma Computer Company to selflessly contribute .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Wangma Computer Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , March 9th", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "March 9th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statistics from the General Administration of Customs show that , last year , China 's trade with Japan continued increasing , the gross value of imports and exports reached 60.06 billion US dollars , 4.5 % higher than that of last year , and accounted for 20.7 % of China 's gross value of foreign trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "the General Administration of Customs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [20, 57]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "60.06 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [178, 202]}, {"entity": "4.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "20.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [261, 267]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [271, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of which , exports were 30.88 billion US dollars , and imports were 29.18 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "30.88 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [24, 48]}, {"entity": "29.18 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [68, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trade surplus against Japan was 1.7 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "1.7 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [36, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Japan has , for four years , successively ranked first place among China 's foreign trade partners , and the bilateral trade volume last year was 17.22 billion US dollars higher than that of China and the US , China 's second largest trade partner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "four years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "17.22 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [146, 170]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [191, 196]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [205, 207]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [210, 215]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [219, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to presentations , the dependency of China 's exported products on the Japanese market has been increasing annually , but the proportion of imported products in the total import volume from Japan has fluctuated irregularly ; the development of various trade methods was not balanced , general trade has decreased , processing trade has increased ; while the growth of primary product trade was considerably fast .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [200, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , exports of primary products to Japan were 8 billion US dollars , 10.9 % higher than that of the previous year , and imports of primary products from Japan were 1 billion US dollars , a 4.4 % growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "8 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "10.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 121]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 166]}, {"entity": "1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [172, 192]}, {"entity": "4.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [197, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trade of foreign - invested enterprises with Japan increased rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , the exports of foreign - invested enterprises to Japan were 14.9 billion US dollars , up 35.4 % , and accounted for 48 % of China 's exports to Japan ; imports were 19.5 billion US dollars , up 14.7 % , and accounted for 67 % of China 's total import value from Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "14.9 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [72, 95]}, {"entity": "35.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "48 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [128, 132]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "19.5 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [177, 200]}, {"entity": "14.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [206, 212]}, {"entity": "67 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [233, 237]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [241, 246]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [274, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , the UN , February 13th ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "February 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , Peilice Dekuliar , the UN Secretary - General , expressed grief at the multi-national forces air striking Baghdad resulting in civilians deaths .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Peilice Dekuliar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Julileah , spokesman for the Secretary - General said in a statement that Peilice Dekuliar felt deep grief that so many civilians in Iraq had died in the air attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julileah", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Peilice Dekuliar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to a news report on February 14th by Xinhua News Agency from Beijing , when the multi-national forces carried out an air attack on Baghdad on the 13th , hundreds of civilians were killed in the bombing .", "entity": [{"entity": "February 14th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "the 13th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "hundreds", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "World public opinion has reacted strongly to the event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Officials in the Iraqi Department of Defense said that the two missiles or bomb shells dropped by planes of the multi-national forces on the 13th at 4 O'clock in the morning local time hit a large sized underground bomb shelter and , at least 500 civilians hiding inside were killed , more than half of whom were women and children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iraqi", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Department of Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "the 13th at 4 O'clock in the morning local time", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [137, 184]}, {"entity": "500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [243, 246]}, {"entity": "more than half", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [285, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tunisian government thinks that this bombing again shows that the activity of the multi-national forces has exceeded authorized limits set by the United Nations Security Council decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tunisian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "United Nations Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tunisia has again appealed to international conscience to take action , to stop the blood and end the destructive war , and create conditions for a peaceful settlement of the conflict .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tunisia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ashitaer , the UN representative of Yemen strongly condemned this incident and asked the United Nations Security Council to be responsible for the passed resolution No. 678 which permits military actions against Iraq .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ashitaer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "Yemen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "the United Nations Security Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 120]}, {"entity": "resolution No. 678", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [154, 172]}, {"entity": "Iraq", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [212, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that no one feels this \" ferocious and inexcusable \" bombing is just .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Amman , capital of Jordan , thousands of angry people paraded and demonstrated in front of the US embassy , objecting to the multi-national forces bombing and killing innocent civilians in Baghdad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amman", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "Jordan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Baghdad", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [192, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Buenos Aires , April 7th , by reporter Hong Xue", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "April 7th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "Hong Xue", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The handover ceremony for China mechanical products purchased by Argentina 's LaRioja Province using a loan provided by the Bank of China , was held today in Catamarca City of this province .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "LaRioja Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "the Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "Catamarca City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [158, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first time that China 's mechanical products have entered Argentina in large quantities .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minister of China 's Mechanical Industry Ministry , Xuding Bao , who came specially to attend the handing - over and taking - over ceremony , handed this group of mechanical products whose total value is 5.5 million US dollars , to Masa , the governor of LaRioja Province .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Mechanical Industry Ministry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 49]}, {"entity": ", Xuding Bao ,", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "5.5 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [204, 226]}, {"entity": "Masa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [232, 236]}, {"entity": "LaRioja Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [255, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These products included more than 1800 sets of tractors and road - building machinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 1800", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minister Xuding Bao and Governor Masa delivered ebullient speeches in the ceremony , both hoped to use this as a start to expand trade between the two countries and to promote development in other areas of the two countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuding Bao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "Masa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the Bank of China provided Argentina with loan of 20 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "Argentina", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "20 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [61, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LaRioja Province is the first to use this loan to import China 's products .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaRioja Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Macau , April 3rd , by reporters Zhigen Wang and Yuming Che", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "April 3rd", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Zhigen Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Yuming Che", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xuming Zhang , Chairman of the Chinese Enterprise Association in Macau said that , at present there were more than 200 enterprises operating with Chinese capital in Macau and that the total value of assets is more than 90 billion patacas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuming Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Enterprise Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "more than 200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "more than 90 billion patacas", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [209, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese capital enterprises have become the biggest foreign investors in Macau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xuming Zhang recently said at the joint meeting for the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Enterprise Association in Macau , that Macau 's inland investment enterprises , from small to large and from weak to strong , have developed into an important force in Macau 's economic domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuming Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "fifth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "the Chinese Enterprise Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 132]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [278, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have made important contributions to the prosperity and stability of Macau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to presentations , these enterprises have extensively taken part in many areas of operating activities such as trade , industry , finance , insurance , tourism , catering , traffic and transportation , construction , real estate , etc. in Macau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [249, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these , the proportion that Chinese capital accounts for in financial insurance has reached 50 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It accounts for from 50 % to 70 % of the tourism industry , accounts for 30 % of imports and exports , and accounts for 70 % of real estate .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xuming Zhang expressed that enterprises operating with Chinese capital in Macau will continue to take the direction of Xiaoping Deng 's program of \" one country , two systems \" and of all national guidelines and policies for Hong Kong and Macau , to adhere to the principle of \" Some to do and some not to do \" , and to strive together with local figures in industrial and commercial circles to make more contributions to promoting Macau 's economic stability and social development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xuming Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Xiaoping Deng 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [225, 234]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [239, 244]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [432, 437]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Beijing , January 3rd", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "January 3rd", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to perfect the management of international commercial loans , the National Foreign Exchange Bureau decided to implement a new method of managing international commercial loans borrowed by domestic institutions from January 1st this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the National Foreign Exchange Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 107]}, {"entity": "January 1st this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [224, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to regulations by the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau , international commercial loans indicate loans raised and borrowed by domestic institutions from financial institutions , enterprises , individual or other economic organizations abroad , and from foreign - funded financial institutions within China 's border , whose contractual repayment obligations are in foreign currency .", "entity": [{"entity": "the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 75]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [321, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Export credits , international financing leaseholds , compensation trades with foreign exchange repayment methods , overseas institution 's and individual 's foreign exchange deposits ( excluding foreign exchange deposits in banks approved for offshore operations ) , project financing , financing under trade projects over 90 days and other forms of foreign exchange loans will all be treated and managed as international commercial loans .", "entity": [{"entity": "over 90 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [319, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to regulations , the People 's Bank of China is the approving authority for international commercial loans borrowed by domestic institutions , the People 's Bank of China has authorized the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau to be specifically responsible for the approval , supervision and management of commercial loans by domestic institutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "the People 's Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 54]}, {"entity": "the People 's Bank of China", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 180]}, {"entity": "the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [196, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All international commercial loans borrowed by domestic institutions should be approved by the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau .", "entity": [{"entity": "the National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International business loans that have not been approved but were signed on their own authority will not be valid , the Foreign Exchange Management Bureau will not process the registration of foreign debts , banks are not allowed to open exclusive foreign debt accounts for them , loan principals and interests are not to be remitted out on their own authority .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau clearly stipulated in the new method that , domestic institutions borrowing international commercial loans externally are only limited to : China - capital financial institutions approved by the Foreign Exchange Management Bureau to operate foreign exchange loan business ; juridical people of non-financial corporations approved by the State Department 's Authorization Department .", "entity": [{"entity": "The National Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 47]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [188, 193]}, {"entity": "the Foreign Exchange Management Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 277]}, {"entity": "the State Department 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [381, 404]}, {"entity": "Authorization Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [405, 429]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juridical people of non-financial institutions who borrow international commercial loans directly must possess these several conditions , that is , have continual profits for the last three years , have import and export business permission , belong to a national encouraged industry ; possess a complete financial management system ; must have a ratio of net assets to total assets not lower than 15 % for juridical people of trade - type non-financial corporations , must have ratios of net assets to total assets not lower than 30 % for juridical people of non trade - type non-financial corporations ; must have a total sum of international business loans borrowed and foreign guarantee surpluses not exceeding 50 % of net asset 's equivalent foreign exchange worth ; must have total of foreign exchange loan and foreign exchange guarantee surplus not exceeding the amount of exchange created in the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 195]}, {"entity": "not lower than 15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [383, 402]}, {"entity": "not lower than 30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [516, 535]}, {"entity": "not exceeding 50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [701, 719]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [900, 917]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to presentations , the principal features of the industrial production of 1997 are :", "entity": [{"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Production increased steadily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth rate was somewhat lower than that of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nation 's county and above county industries accomplished an annual industrial added value of 2.0476 trillion yuan , calculated by comparable prices , 10.9 % higher than that of last year , somewhat dropping in growth rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "2.0476 trillion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [98, 118]}, {"entity": "10.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were some fluctuations in growth rates of every quarter of the whole year , but the difference was not significant , which can be regarded as a steady operation .", "entity": [{"entity": "the whole year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth rate of State owned industries was basically stable .", "entity": [{"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collective industries dropped substantially .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annual added value of State owned and State owned holding enterprises was 1.1726 trillion yuan , 7.1 % higher than that of last year ; the added value of collective industries was 613.2 billion yuan .", "entity": [{"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "1.1726 trillion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "7.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "613.2 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [184, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growing 11.7 % , but growth rate declined 6 % from that of last year ; the industrial added value of other economic types was 445 billion , a 13.4 % growth , and a 3 % climb from that of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "11.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "445 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "13.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the annual added value of light industry was 885.5 billion yuan , 11.5 % higher than that of last year ; the added value of heavy industry was 1.1621 trillion yuan , a 10.4 % growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "885.5 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "11.5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "1.1621 trillion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [158, 178]}, {"entity": "10.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [183, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- Industry restructuring made vigorous progress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the view of main industrial products , the impact of self - generated adjustments due to market constraints was considerably significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of such fundamental products as energy resources , main raw materials , etc. grew at a low rate subject to the impact of market demands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The national total production volume of disposable energy resources was 2 % higher than that of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth of chemical fiber production , man - made board , synthetic fiber monomer and ten types of non-ferrous metal , etc. was rather fast , with a 14.6 % to 32.3 % growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "14.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "32.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Timber , machine - made paper , drugs made of chemical materials , etc. dropped 1.1 % to 9.2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.1 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "9.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electromechanical products of an investment nature had ups and downs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of internal - combustion engines , metal - cutting machines , large , medium and small - sized tractors , vans , motor trucks , etc. dropped 1.6 % to 10.3 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "1.6 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [156, 161]}, {"entity": "10.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrical and high science and technology products grew considerably .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sedans , digital program - controlled switches , electronic computers , large - scale integrated circuits , etc. grew by 21.9 % to 1.7 times .", "entity": [{"entity": "21.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "1.7", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of main consumer products grew or dropped significantly subject to the restraints of market demands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some basic consumer goods and food kept steady growth , among which candy , dairy products , beer , soft drink , cloth , and silk grew by 10 % to 19.2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "19.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [146, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Main durable consumer goods such as , washing machines , vacuum cleaners , room air - conditioners , color TVs , music centers , etc. grew by 10.7 % to 47.9 % ; bicycles , electric fans , exhaust fans , VCRs dropped by 0.4 % to 16.8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "10.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "47.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "0.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [219, 224]}, {"entity": "16.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [228, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- The rate of industrial production and marketing had some growth , whereas exports grew considerably .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An annual industrial sales output value of 6.8354 trillion yuan was achieved , 10.7 % higher than that of last year , higher than the growth rate of the output of the same period .", "entity": [{"entity": "6.8354 trillion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "10.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sales rate of industrial products was 96.2 % , 0.3 % higher than that of last year ; the export delivery value of industrial enterprises ' production for foreign trade export purposes was 954.5 billion yuan , 14.8 % higher than that of last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "96.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "0.3 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "954.5 billion yuan", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [192, 210]}, {"entity": "14.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [213, 219]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [240, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "-- The level of economic benefits were recovered back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From January to November , the composite index of the economic benefits of nationwide 370,000 village and above village industrial enterprises with independent accountability was 89.4 % , 3.4 % higher than that of the same period last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "January to November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "370,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "89.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "3.4 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [188, 193]}, {"entity": "the same period last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [214, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the State Statistical Bureau shows , last year , there were still certain problems during the industrial economy operation , for instance , capital defaults increased , deficits were still serious , fundamental products such as energy resources , raw materials , etc. grew at low rates , the transfer of industrial structure was considerably slow , and all these are restraining factors assailing the further healthy development of an industrial economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "the State Statistical Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [16, 44]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This year , the spirit of National Economy Work Conference should be carried through and implemented , while deepening State - owned enterprise reform and continuing to reinforce restructuring , striving to increase effective demands , improving supply quality , promoting the healthy and steady development of an industrial economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "This year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "National Economy Work Conference", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 58]}, {"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xinhua News Agency , Jinan , January 18th , by reporter Xueqing Dong", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Jinan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "January 18th", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Xueqing Dong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mingquan Zhang , vice director of Shandong Province 's Foreign Economy and Trade Committee , said that in 1997 , the quality and level of Shandong 's utilizing foreign capital had further improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mingquan Zhang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "Foreign Economy and Trade Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 90]}, {"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , although there was a drop in the quantity and the contract amount of recently approved projects utilizing foreign capital in Shandong Province , foreign capital actually utilized maintained growth , reaching over 4.2 billion US dollars , and increasing more than 17 % compared with the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [137, 154]}, {"entity": "over 4.2 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [220, 247]}, {"entity": "more than 17 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [265, 279]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [294, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of this amount , foreign merchants ' investment actually realized was over 3 billion US dollars , increasing 9 % compared with the same period the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "over 3 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [70, 95]}, {"entity": "9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "the same period the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the whole year , the enterprises that were newly approved and that were invested in by foreign merchants neared 1,600 , and the accumulated total already has reached over 20,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "the whole year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "1,600", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "over 20,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The momentum of multinational companies investing in Shandong has not decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After such multi-national companies as Dupont , HP , Siemens , Panasonic , Daewoo , etc. successively invested in Shandong , ten multinational companies such as America 's Chevron and Eton , France 's Elf , Shenggeban and the French Electric Company , Germany 's Deutsch , UK 's Imperial Chemicals , etc. have come to invest in Shandong for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dupont", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "HP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "Siemens", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "Panasonic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "Daewoo", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "Chevron", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "Eton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "Elf", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 204]}, {"entity": "Shenggeban", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [207, 217]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "Electric Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [233, 249]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [252, 259]}, {"entity": "Deutsch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 270]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [273, 275]}, {"entity": "Imperial Chemicals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [279, 297]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [328, 336]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [345, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of last year , multinational companies coming to invest in Shandong were over one hundred , among which 26 were ranked the top 100 in the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "one hundred", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "100", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These multinational companies ' investment projects are large in scale , high in technology , and strong in their industrial promotion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New breakthroughs were achieved in Shandong 's methods of utilizing foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since Qingdao Beer and Shandong Huaneng succeeded in respectively issuing H - shares and N - shares in Hong Kong and the US , last year , 5 more share - holding companies , such as Shandong 's Chenmin Paper Manufacturing Group , Jinan 's Qingqi Group , Yantai 's Zhangyu Group , Xinhua 's Pharmacy Group and Lutai 's Textile Group , etc. also entered the market issuing foreign capital shares , altogether attracting 265 million US dollars of foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qingdao Beer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "Shandong Huaneng", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "5", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [138, 139]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 189]}, {"entity": "Chenmin Paper Manufacturing Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [193, 226]}, {"entity": "Jinan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [229, 234]}, {"entity": "Qingqi Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 250]}, {"entity": "Yantai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [253, 259]}, {"entity": "Zhangyu Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [263, 276]}, {"entity": "Xinhua", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [279, 285]}, {"entity": "Pharmacy Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [289, 303]}, {"entity": "Lutai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [308, 313]}, {"entity": "Textile Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [317, 330]}, {"entity": "265 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [417, 439]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By the end of last year , seven enterprises in Shandong Province issued H - shares , N - shares or B - shares , altogether attracting over 700 million US dollars of foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "the end of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "700 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [139, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New progress has also been made in utilizing foreign capital for infrastructure , foundation industries and new high level technology projects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the area of energy , Shandong 's China Power Generation Company , Ltd. obtained the State 's approval .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "China Power Generation Company", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 66]}, {"entity": "State", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a total project investment of nearly 2.3 billion US dollars and over 1 billion US dollars of contracted foreign capital , it is currently Shandong Province 's largest project utilizing foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "nearly 2.3 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [35, 64]}, {"entity": "over 1 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [69, 94]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agriculture , the integrated agricultural development project invested in by Australia 's Southern Australia -- Shandong Stock - holding Company , Ltd. in the Yellow River delta region has a total investment of nearly 30 million US dollars and over 10 million US dollars of contracted foreign capital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "Southern Australia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "Shandong Stock - holding Company , Ltd.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 154]}, {"entity": "Yellow River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [162, 174]}, {"entity": "nearly 30 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [214, 242]}, {"entity": "over 10 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [247, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is currently Shandong 's largest integrated agricultural development project .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the area of new high level technology , the investment projects of world famous multinational companies such as the US 's Eton , Germany 's Deutsch , the UK 's Imperial Chemicals , etc. all have first - class international levels of technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "Eton", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "Deutsch", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "Imperial Chemicals", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 181]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [198, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These projects powerfully bring about optimization and improvement of Shandong Province 's industrial structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong Province 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In infrastructure , a number of expressway projects have been formally signed with the outside , and a number of municipal public infrastructure merchant - invitation projects have also been announced overseas , signifying the complete start of utilizing foreign capital in the areas of Shandong 's infrastructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [287, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The economic development district has become a hotspot for attracting foreign merchant investment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , Shandong 's various types of economic development districts recently approved over 1480 projects utilizing foreign capital , accounting for more than 24 % of the total of the entire province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "1480", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "more than 24 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [152, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 900 million US dollars of foreign capital was actually utilized , increasing nearly 40 % compared with the same period the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Over 900 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "nearly 40 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "the same period the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [108, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total industrial output completed by enterprises within the district for the year was over 47 billion US dollars , increasing by nearly 80 % compared with the previous year , and had nearly 1.7 billion US dollars of foreign export currency , increasing by 31 % compared with the same period the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "over 47 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [90, 116]}, {"entity": "nearly 80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [159, 176]}, {"entity": "nearly 1.7 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [187, 216]}, {"entity": "31 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [260, 264]}, {"entity": "the same period the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [279, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a new point of growth of Shandong 's open economy , the economic development district is showing development vitality that grows stronger daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shandong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last year , the total output of Shandong Province reached over 19.7 billion US dollars , increasing by over 10 % compared with the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Shandong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "over 19.7 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [58, 86]}, {"entity": "over 10 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among this , exports broke through 13 billion US dollars , increasing by 25 % compared with the same period the previous year .", "entity": [{"entity": "13 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "25 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "the same period the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [92, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Export values ranked fourth in the nation , and the growth rate ranked second among China 's main coastal provinces and cities .", "entity": [{"entity": "fourth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the invitation of Prime Minister Mahathir of Malaysia , Premier Peng Li arrived in Malaysia on the afternoon of December 10th , 1990 to carry out a friendly official visit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mahathir", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Peng Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "the afternoon of December 10th , 1990", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [98, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The picture showed Premier Peng Li visiting Malacca State", "entity": [{"entity": "Peng Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Malacca State", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Picture taken by Xinhua News Agency reporter Shengnan Li", "entity": [{"entity": "Xinhua News Agency", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "Shengnan Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 , Mexico 's total amount of foreign trade broke through 220 billion US dollars , which created a new historical record .", "entity": [{"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "220 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [64, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in reviewing Mexico 's foreign trade situation this year , it might be appropriate to say that it is between joy and sorrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The joy lies in that the total amount of foreign trade still maintains a strong growth momentum , and has realized trade surpluses for the third year in a row , whereas the sorrow is that the amount of trade surplus has sharply reversed , and this year , a relatively large deficit may appear .", "entity": [{"entity": "the third year in a row", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [135, 158]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [243, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to official journals published recently by Mexico 's Treasury Department , Mexico 's foreign trade in 1997 continued to grow rapidly , the total amount of imports and exports reached 220.178 billion US dollars , 18.85 % higher than that of the previous year , and within that the amount of exports was 110.380 billion US dollars , the amount of imports was 109.798 billion US dollars , 15 % and 22.7 % higher than 1996 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Treasury Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "220.178 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [193, 219]}, {"entity": "18.85 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [222, 229]}, {"entity": "the previous year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [250, 267]}, {"entity": "110.380 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [312, 338]}, {"entity": "109.798 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [367, 393]}, {"entity": "15 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [396, 400]}, {"entity": "22.7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [405, 411]}, {"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [424, 428]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trade surplus was 582 million US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "582 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [22, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign trade occupies a pivotal position in Mexico 's economy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , exports account for more than 30 % of its GDP , which is one of the primary economic growth forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 30 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the outbreak of Mexico 's financial crisis in 1994 , Mexico 's currency , the peso was greatly devalued , thus greatly strengthening Mexico 's export competitiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last several years , the government has been vigorously supporting exports , and exports grew rapidly .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last several years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1995 , the situation of successive foreign trade deficit reversed , and up to now , has maintained trade surpluses for three years in a row .", "entity": [{"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "three years in a row", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the past three years , Mexico 's foreign trade surplus showed a substantial degradation : 7.889 billion US dollars in 1995 , 6.424 billion US dollars in 1996 , and only 582 million US dollars last year .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "Mexico", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "7.889 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [103, 127]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "6.424 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [138, 162]}, {"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "only 582 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [177, 204]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially deserving to be pointed out is that , after the first monthly deficit in July last year , the rest of the year saw successive monthly deficits with the amounts of deficit almost doubling , roaring from 20 million US dollars in July to 722 million US dollars in December , reducing the 1997 annual accumulative trade surplus amount to a trivial number .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "July last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "the rest of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "20 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [213, 234]}, {"entity": "July", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [238, 242]}, {"entity": "722 million US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [246, 268]}, {"entity": "December", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [272, 280]}, {"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [296, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local economic analysts felt that the trade deficit in the second half of last year was mainly due to an overly high import growth rate , which is even higher than that of exports .", "entity": [{"entity": "the second half of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [55, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second half of last year , the average growth rate of imports was 6 % to 7 % higher than that of exports .", "entity": [{"entity": "the second half of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 31]}, {"entity": "6 % to 7 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among import sectors , swift growth comes mainly from imports of consumer products and capital goods , 39.9 % and 38.2 % higher than that of 1996 respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "39.9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "38.2 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth of imports of semi-finished products was up by 18.8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "18.8 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly , the overly high valuation of the peso is also an indispensable factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secondly", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overly high peso exchange rate stimulated imports , but hindered exports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is commonly known that in 1994 , before the outbreak of the financial crisis , the trade deficit was once as high as more than 18 billion US dollars .", "entity": [{"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "more than 18 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [120, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The huge trade deficit was one of the internal reasons that triggered this crisis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the trade situation last year has caused extreme concern among people from economic circles , who even predicted that in 1998 , foreign trade deficit would revive .", "entity": [{"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They pointed out that , this year , except for an overly high peso exchange rate , exports would also face some new unfavorable factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , Asian currency devaluation will decrease export competitiveness , and the fall of oil price will significantly reduce oil revenues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these circumstances , if the import growth momentum can not be restrained , this year , a trade deficit of 4 to 5 billion US dollars may appear .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 to 5 billion US dollars", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [113, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turning to the Constitution on the \" One China \" Issue", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still wrestling with the vexed issue of \" one China , \" the President 's Advisory Group on Cross-Strait Relations met for its sixth and seventh sessions during November , amid frenzied media attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "the President 's Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 87]}, {"entity": "Cross-Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "sixth", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "seventh", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group eventually reached a consensus that the \" one China \" principle advocated by the mainland should be addressed \" in accordance with the constitution . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How president Chen Shui - bian responds to this proposal will determine whether or not the \" one China \" stalemate can be broken , and if there is to be a set timetable for implementing the three direct links .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Shui - bian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [190, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After assuming the presidency , Chen Shui - bian recruited a number of leading politicians , industrialists , academics and other personages for a non-partisan advisory group , intended to build cross-party consensus on the subject of relations with the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Shui - bian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [32, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chaired by Academia Sinica president Lee Yuan - tseh , the Presidential Advisory Group on Cross-Strait Relations first met in early September .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academia Sinica", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "Lee Yuan - tseh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "the Presidential Advisory Group on Cross-Strait Relations", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 112]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "early September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [126, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then the Group has held a series of intensive discussions on Taiwan 's fundamental position regarding the cross-strait relationship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Group entered the final phase of discussions on the \" one China \" issue during November , but differences between pro-unification and pro-independence participants continued to stymie the effort to produce a statement acceptable to all .", "entity": [{"entity": "Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "November", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As DPP legislator Shen Fu - hsiung pointed out , the Group had to draft something \" palatable both to the pro-unification and pro-independence camps ; something which the DPP ca n't shun and yet which does n't make Beijing wince . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "Shen Fu - hsiung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [215, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearly no easy task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the evening of November 18 Advisory Group chairman Lee Yuan - tseh , meeting over dinner with DPP faction leaders , described the cross-strait situation as extremely precarious , and said that since time is not on Taiwan 's side we need to step up efforts to resume dialogue with the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "the evening of November 18", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [3, 29]}, {"entity": "Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Lee Yuan - tseh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [217, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separately , during his report to the Legislative Yuan on the Academia Sinica 's budget , Lee reiterated : \" If the whole population could arrive at a consensus on ' one China , ' then President Chen would have no grounds for not accepting that consensus . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "the Legislative Yuan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "the Academia Sinica 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [170, 175]}, {"entity": "Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [195, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lee added that he hoped the Advisory Group would shortly come to a firm conclusion on the \" one China \" issue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "the Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lee Yuan - tseh 's appeal made little impression on the governing DPP , however .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Yuan - tseh 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DPP chairman Frank Hsieh himself came under fire within the party after stating : \" The constitution of the ROC is itself a one China framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Frank Hsieh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the DPP has participated in the process of constitutional amendment it ought to accept this constitution , and as the party of government we ca n't afford to override or reject it . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to DPP lawmaker Lin Cho - shui , Chen Shui - bian has shown more goodwill to Beijing as president than Lee Teng - hui ever did , but without any response -", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "Lin Cho - shui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "Chen Shui - bian", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "Lee Teng - hui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "so why should he once again be expected to respond on the \" one China \" issue ?", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , Lin disagrees with Lee Yuan - tseh 's assertion that \" time is not on our side , \" and instead feels that things are no worse than before .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "Lee Yuan - tseh 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the opposition alliance has been calling for the DPP to \" shed its ideological baggage . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 24 the New Party , which had already pulled out of the Advisory Group , published an article in the press signed by leading members such as Yu Mu - ming and Chen Kui - miao , in which they called on the government to take the constitution as its starting point for breaking the \" one China \" deadlock .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 24", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "the New Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "the Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "Yu Mu - ming", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "Chen Kui - miao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 184]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [292, 295]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [296, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They pointed out that Chen and the DPP had competed in elections in accordance with the constitution , winning the presidency and a share of seats in the legislature and the National Assembly , and had also participated in the process of revising the constitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "the National Assembly", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [170, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , with its constitutionally granted mandate , the party has an obligation to fully uphold the constitution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the politicians argued , Formosa Plastics boss Wang Yung - ching convened a meeting with other captains of industry to come up with some advice for the government on economic policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Formosa Plastics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "Wang Yung - ching", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first time Wang voiced support for Lee Yuan - tseh 's proposal that \" with ' one China ' as the precondition , each side can have its own interpretation . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Lee Yuan - tseh 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wang also agreed with Lee 's notion that time is running out for Taiwan , in the belief that Taiwan will only have time on its side once it starts to carry out well - intentioned engagement with the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consensus on the \" one China question \" is an urgent priority for both sides if there is to be a peaceful future .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wang Yung - ching 's demand for a review of the government 's \" go slow \" policy , and opening of the three direct links , brought a personal phone call from the president , who invited him to come and discuss policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wang Yung - ching 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On November 25 Wang and a handful of other leading industrialists went to call on the president at his official residence .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 25", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The businessmen said that shelving the \" one China \" issue was not the right thing for the government to do , and that Taiwan could no longer afford to play word games .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They stressed the need for early restoration of the mechanism for cross-strait economic dialogue , and said that the government should also think about moving towards political dialogue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Presidential Advisory Group met again on November 26 , and discussed a proposal , made earlier by Public Television System chairman Wu Feng - shan and already favored by most members of the Group , for \" one China \" to be addressed through \" three acknowledgements and four suggestions . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "The Presidential Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "November 26", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "Public Television System", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 126]}, {"entity": "Wu Feng - shan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [212, 217]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [246, 251]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [273, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A firm consensus was finally arrived at , and the Group submitted to the president its proposal that Taiwan should \" respond to the mainland 's ' one China ' proposition in accordance with the constitution of the ROC . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [213, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The government and opposition parties continued to disagree regarding this consensus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPP legislator Lin Cho - shui described it as \" acceptable , if not very satisfactory . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Lin Cho - shui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PFP spokesman Li Ching - an called it \" a conclusion without a conclusion . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Li Ching - an", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Party convenor Hau Lung - pin said the statement was too ambiguous , tending towards \" one China , with each side free to make its own interpretation , \" and added that it was highly unlikely to be used by the president as a guide for cross-strait policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "New Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Hau Lung - pin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ting Shou - chung , deputy executive director of the KMT policy committee , said this so - called consensus was simply a case of going round and round on the spot , and would do nothing to solve the core problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ting Shou - chung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "KMT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a November 28 press release , the Mainland Affairs Council ( MAC ) , the government body in charge of cross-strait affairs , diplomatically stated that it would observe and implement the suggestions of the Advisory Group if and when they become official government policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 28", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "the Mainland Affairs Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "MAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "the Advisory Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [205, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Speaking on the topic of the three direct links , MAC chairwoman Tsai Ing - wen said that these will be phased in according to conditions , with the first phase being the opening of direct business links as necessitated by the admission of both sides to the WTO .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "MAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Tsai Ing - wen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [258, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And according to economics minister Lin Hsin - yi , the government recognizes that the \" go slow \" policy needs to be relaxed , and will give a more thorough accounting of this before the end of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lin Hsin - yi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "the end of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tanshui : An Inspiration to Poets , Artists , and Romantics", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Lin I - hsien / photos by Diago Chiu / tr. by Phil Newell )", "entity": [{"entity": "Lin I - hsien", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "Diago Chiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "Phil Newell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In paintings , a white cloud layer swirls over Mt. Kuanyin ;", "entity": [{"entity": "Mt. Kuanyin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "waves on the river drift like a breeze ;", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a red sun dances on golden water ;", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a yellow moon sings from a deep purple sky . . . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tanshui of illustrations is a place of unblemished beauty , a myth that remains unshakeable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 300 - plus years since its founding , this port town - formerly called Huwei , now Tanshui Township - has seen days of prosperity and has also been through a baptism of fire .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 300 - plus years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Tanshui Township", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What makes it special among the 309 urban and rural townships of Taiwan ?", "entity": [{"entity": "309", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How do the people of Tanshui live today ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How do they recall the past ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And how do they see the future ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" You want to know how Tanshui has changed ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I would say that the biggest change is that the old streets are gone . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So declares Tu Hsiu - yuan , proprietor of the Hui Yuan Pharmacy , and also director of the Huwei Cultural and Historical Workshop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tu Hsiu - yuan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "the Hui Yuan Pharmacy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "the Huwei Cultural and Historical Workshop", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His pharmacy is located on what is now called Chungcheng Road , one of the oldest streets , which Tanshui natives still call Huwei Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chungcheng Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "Huwei Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tu , who has lived his whole life in the old neighborhood , has watched from his doorstep as old shops have refurbished themselves in modern style , and modern shops have adopted the look of the old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the convenience of cars , the streets have been widened repeatedly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1988 , the last train on the old Tanshui Line of the railroad chugged into history , taking that old slower pace of life with it .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Tanshui Line", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1997 the Tanshui Line of the mass rapid transit system opened , bringing floods of visitors to the town .", "entity": [{"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "the Tanshui Line", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , while these tourists bring a human touch to the streets on weekends and holidays , on ordinary weekdays the silence is accompanied only by leftover garbage , empty shops , and those Huwei people who refuse to leave their old homes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The golden age of Huwei", "entity": [{"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are different explanations as to the origins of the word Huwei , the original name for Tanshui .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some say it was a transliteration of the place name used by the indigenous people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But others say it comes from a long - gone fishing practice , using a shi hu ( \" stone pool \" ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early fishermen used stones to carve a long , narrow catchment ( the so - called \" pool \" ) in the sand , waiting for the tide to carry in fish which they could then easily scoop up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the place now known as Tanshui was at the tail end ( wei ) of this stone pool , it came to be called Huwei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tanshui occupied an important place in the transport network connecting Taiwan to Southeast Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even before the arrival of Westerners in Taiwan , Han Chinese often crossed over from China to Tanshui , which is relatively close to the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Westerners", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Han Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here they engaged in barter trade with the Pingpu ( meaning \" plains \" ) aborigines , with deer skins and sulphur being the most coveted products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pingpu", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As Western powers turned their eyes to Asia , Tanshui became strategically important .", "entity": [{"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 17th century , first the Spanish , and then the Dutch , built forts here as symbols of their claims to territorial control .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 17th century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mid-17th century , China took control of Taiwan , and closed Tanshui to international trade .", "entity": [{"entity": "the mid-17th century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later , as a result of the Sino - French war of 1884 , Tanshui was again opened up to Western access .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sino - French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "1884", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During Tanshui 's golden age , large and small boats were constantly coming and going in the harbor , and it was not unusual to see enormous steamships .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the latter part of the Qing dynasty , Tanshui was the largest port in Taiwan , and was the \" customs headquarters , \" also charged with overseeing port activities at Keelung , Tainan , and Kaohsiung .", "entity": [{"entity": "the latter part of the Qing dynasty", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 38]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Keelung", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Tainan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "Kaohsiung", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [192, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , during the Japanese occupation , as a result of silting , and because the Japanese invested a huge effort in developing the port at Keelung , Tanshui faded in importance , never again to see the likes of its glory days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Keelung", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tanshui is a place of many historic sites , a place that invites reflection on things past .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the \" foreign district , \" a missionary named George Mackay established the first hospital for Western medicine in Taiwan ; it was here that in 1878 the first case of paragonimiasis in the world was diagnosed .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Mackay", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "1878", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [156, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The old church next to the hospital is a mecca for Tanshui painters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The schools , homes , and consulates in the foreign district - some long gone , some still standing - testify to the fact that this was a place of intensive interaction between Chinese and Western cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [177, 184]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you go up Sanmin Street , you will discover the head of an old and disused water pipe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanmin Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This could be a relic left behind by one of the major Japanese infrastructure projects , the first tap water station .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or you could walk instead next to the MRT station and see another first for Taiwan : the first seaplane landing area , also built in the Japanese occupation era .", "entity": [{"entity": "the MRT station", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or you could visit the venerable Tamkang Secondary School .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tamkang Secondary School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [33, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As you watch the children laughing and arguing and playing , you can think back to the time when the Japanese government did not allow Taiwanese and Japanese to attend school together .", "entity": [{"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [149, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under those circumstances , Tamkang Middle School became a cradle for the training of Taiwanese elites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tamkang Middle School", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gradually you will discover that Tanshui is a bookish place .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This little town has everything from nursery schools to graduate schools .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the reign of the Guangxu emperor of the Qing dynasty ( which began in 1875 ) , and prior to the beginning of the Japanese occupation in 1895 , Tanshui produced two successful candidates in the highest level military exam , one in the highest level civil exam , and countless successes in lower - level imperial exams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangxu", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "the Qing dynasty", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "1875", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "1895", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [167, 170]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [230, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even in modern times , the town has not passed up chances to embrace knowledge : When the idea of founding Tam - kang University in Tanshui was going to be abandoned because of a lack of land and money , local residents offered cheap land , donated money , and lobbied so that the university could set its roots in town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tam - kang University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These historic sites are near the river , but do n't spend all your time there .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't forget the Tatun Mountains , which shelter the town .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Tatun Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the old days , Tanshui folk who cultivated farms on the slopes had to walk for an hour to get to their crops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "an hour", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These days you can take a local mini-bus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mountains you will see the occasional terraced field grown over with weeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This land , which has gone from grass to grain and back to grass again , is where many an old Tanshui native played when they were children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tanshui mystique", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mountains are also filled with old stories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The often - renovated Hsing Chung Tang shop is more than a century old .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hsing Chung Tang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "more than a century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [47, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owner Li Yung - kun is a descendant of the eminent Li family of Tanshui , which produced three juren ( a successful candidate in provincial - level exams , held every three years ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li Yung - kun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [167, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The house testifies to this past : It has a swallow - tailed roof and a flagpole , features that only the home of a juren was entitled to have .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Li Mingbin ( whose name by birth is Li Minghui ) , a scholar from Beijing University currently working at Chinese Culture University on an exchange program , is a descendant of the juren Li Yingzhen , who was wounded resisting the Japanese occupation and fled to the mainland , where he settled down .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li Mingbin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Li Minghui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Beijing University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "Chinese Culture University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 132]}, {"entity": "Li Yingzhen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [231, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like his elders , Li Mingbin bridges the gap across the Taiwan Strait , as he is capable of conversing fluently in either Beijing dialect or the southern Fujian dialect used in Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li Mingbin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "the Taiwan Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Fujian", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of course , stories do n't have to be old to be interesting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today 's Tanshui residents are living their own stories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crotchety but modest guy who delivers the newspapers , the seafood restaurant owner who has made his fortune from scratch , the old man at the roadside food stall , the hostess in the tea house greeting and sending off guests . . . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some are active in the early morning , some late at night .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though the founders of many of these shops have passed away , the second generation has taken the baton .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the old bamboo tea shop , the now elderly hostess still plays her role amidst the ambience of wine and tea , offering a feminine presence to help put at ease her customers who come looking for a little relaxation , evoking the bewitching atmosphere of Tanshui at night .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [255, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Businessmen from outside , smelling profits , have set up gaudy storefronts and neon signs , hoping to trade on Tanshui 's mystique to sell coffee , seafood , antiques , and snack foods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Students , who have enough money to keep several streets of shops going , carelessly wheel their motorcycles through the narrow streets , their minds elsewhere , thinking of youthful fun or romance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Happy couples and jilted lovers line the river , displaying their joy or sadness in their postures : two people 's shadows are melted together by the darkened river behind , while others stand alone on the riverbank like statues .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weeping river", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Have you heard of the weeping junks ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the Sino - French war , Taiwan governor Liu Mingchuan , attempting to obstruct a French landing , scuttled several of these boats .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Sino - French war", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [7, 28]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Liu Mingchuan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "French", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is said that , late at night , the sunken junks make moaning sounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But I think that it may be the river itself that is moaning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1998 , the government produced a plan for a riverside expressway to Tanshui .", "entity": [{"entity": "1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The road , which was expected to have three levels , would have cut through rare mangroves and created a barrier between the river and the town of Tanshui .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the plan had been implemented , people who wanted to go to Tanshui and gaze out over the river would have had to find some very high vantage point in town to do so !", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately , thanks to efforts by cultural and environmental activists from Tanshui , the plan was first postponed , and then was ultimately killed after an environmental impact assessment released in September refused to approve the scheme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "September", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [202, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But a question remains : Is something like this bound to come sooner or later ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" For the purposes of development , the Tanshui coast has been constantly exploited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But what will be result of this incessant struggle against nature ? \" says an agitated Tu Hsiu - yuan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tu Hsiu - yuan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And Hsieh Teh - hsi of the Tamsui Culture Foundation adds : \" High - rises are going up one after another in Tanshui New Town [ a huge government - planned development ] , but many of the apartments remain empty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hsieh Teh - hsi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "the Tamsui Culture Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 52]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "Tanshui New Town", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everybody here knows that when the northeast winds blow in during the winter , that is the coldest place around .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No wonder those apartments are not selling ! \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tu says , with disbelief and exasperation in his voice : \" Do you know that they are going to build a huge bridge between Tanshui and Pali ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Pali", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [134, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's such a beautiful and historic location , but they are just going to stick up a bridge there , and they are even talking about having a rotating restaurant on top ! \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lovers of Tanshui , while keeping close watch over her , are fearful that the giant beast of development may eventually come and bulldoze Tanshui away one piece of land at a time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They fear that their children , like they themselves , will have to search through photographs and memories to find Tanshui 's traditional simplicity and the joys of being close to nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the old buildings are gone , and people lose contact with the great outdoors , will Tanshui even be worthy of its reputation anymore ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scattered wooden fishing boats bob in the river .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have n't met any of the fishermen who these days go out and catch only small fry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They might relate how in the old days they could just put a hand in the river and come up with a big catch .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lonely fishing boats are waiting for the Tanshui - Pali ferry to pass by and say hello .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "Pali", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those lanterns moving through the river are actually the ferry , while those stars flashing in the distance are beams of light that come from the lighthouse every five seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is only now that I realize that , even in the drabbest weather , Tanshui is still beautiful .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwan 's Townships", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you look at a map , what do the 309 townships of Taiwan mean to you ?", "entity": [{"entity": "309", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do you draw a complete blank on all of them ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or do some of the names evoke beautiful memories ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What do these townships have to offer visitors ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What interesting or famous characters have they given birth to ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this age of the global village , how much do you know about the village next door ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sinorama wants to take you on a journey through Taiwan 's 309 townships large and small : As they follow their individual rhythms , what is it that enables them to create their own music , and what can we hear in the songs they sing ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Sinorama", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "309", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tanshui Facts and Figures", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tanshui Township ( also spelled Tamsui ) is part of Taipei County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui Township", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Tamsui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Taipei County", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It abuts Sanchih Rural Township to the northeast , the Kuantu area of Taipei City to the southeast , and the Taiwan Strait to the northwest ; to the southwest it faces Pali Rural Township over the Tanshui River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sanchih Rural Township", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "Kuantu", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Taipei City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "the Taiwan Strait", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 122]}, {"entity": "Pali Rural Township", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [168, 187]}, {"entity": "the Tanshui River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It covers an area of just over 70 square kilometers , and has a population of 115,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "over 70 square kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [26, 51]}, {"entity": "115,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the largest paddy - rice producing area in Taipei County .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taipei County", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In days gone by , because the Kuroshio current passes close by , the waters offshore were rich fishing grounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuroshio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in recent years , pollution from the Tanshui River and exhaustion of fish stocks have caused the catch to dwindle .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "the Tanshui River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the more famous tourist sites are Fort San Domingo , Yin Shan Temple , the Lixuetang school ( known in English as Oxford College , founded in 1882 to train missionaries ) , Huwei cannon emplacement , the mangrove conservation area , Shalun beach recreation area , the historic buildings of the Mackay Hospital and Tamkang Middle School , \" Antiques Street \" ( Chungcheng Road ) , and the ferry pier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fort San Domingo", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "Yin Shan Temple", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "the Lixuetang school", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "language", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Oxford College", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 134]}, {"entity": "1882", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [148, 152]}, {"entity": "Huwei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [179, 184]}, {"entity": "Shalun", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [239, 245]}, {"entity": "the Mackay Hospital", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [296, 315]}, {"entity": "Tamkang Middle School", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [320, 341]}, {"entity": "Antiques Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [346, 361]}, {"entity": "Chungcheng Road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [366, 381]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Public transportation includes inter-city bus service , the Tanshui Line of the Taipei mass rapid transit system , and local buses .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Tanshui Line", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "Taipei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more detailed information visit http://www.tamsui.gov.tw/ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 094", "entity": [{"entity": "094", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - rises are thought by many to represent development , but in Tanshui they are ruining the skyline and the historic ambience of the town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 095", "entity": [{"entity": "095", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An old Tanshui resident sits with legs crossed reading the paper , as the passage of time , marked on the calendar on the wall , adds a gloss to the antiques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 096", "entity": [{"entity": "096", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( facing page )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lovers may be gazing at Tanshui with their eyes , but their hearts have eyes only for one another .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tranquil and romantic Tanshui is a great place for wedding photos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tanshui", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 097", "entity": [{"entity": "097", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the lazy sun displays an extraordinary beauty , a fishing boat drifts toward shore over the golden water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan Gets Down to Business Taiwan Firms Embrace a Cantonese Boomtown", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Cantonese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From Hong Kong 's airport , you can go straight to Dongguan on a Global Express bus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Global Express", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 27 departures a day , these buses run by a Taiwan firm out of Dongguan take Taiwan expats to their adopted home , which boasts the largest concentration of Taiwan firms in the PRC .", "entity": [{"entity": "27", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invoking the Taiwanese business battle cry of \" victory to those who strive the hardest , \" 20,000 - 30,000 Taiwan expats in Dongguan have in little more than a decade turned a county of banana and lichee plantations into a big city with exports behind only Shenzhen 's and Shanghai 's .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "20,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "30,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [258, 266]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [274, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How has Dongguan , this rising economic star , done it ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What mix of sad and happy tales about Taiwan firms does this city have to tell ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's 10:00 at night , but the city of Dongguan in Guangdong Province is still hopping .", "entity": [{"entity": "10:00 at night", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cars clocking 80 kilometers an hour zip along roads that reveal hardly a trace of the farming villages that they linked not long ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "80 kilometers an hour", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwanese business people here run their factories like they drive their cars , in high gear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The factories are lit up at night for overtime shifts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We do n't take much of a break for the Chinese New Year 's holidays , \" says Andrew Yeh , chairman of Dongguan 's Powin Electric , which makes cable for the telecoms industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese New Year 's", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "Andrew Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "Powin Electric", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" By the morning of the third day we start up again with three shifts , just like any other day .", "entity": [{"entity": "the morning of the third day", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 33]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We ca n't keep up with our orders and have got to squeeze five days of work into every 24 hours . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "five days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "every 24 hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the busy Fucheng district , you find the Taiwanese bars , covered from door to rooftop with flashing lights", "entity": [{"entity": "Fucheng", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lights , like the karaoke singing within them , pulsate until dawn no matter the season .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inside there is a raucous crowd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Taiwanese businessman down from Harbin boasts that his auto plant up in the northeast sits on a lot as vast as Taipei City and has a green light to sell on the domestic market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "Harbin", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Taipei City", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another room a Taiwanese businessman based in Dongguan carouses with a party cadre from Yunnan who is trying to attract investment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "Yunnan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ju Gao - jeng , a former ROC legislator who now has an academic post in Beijing , is talking to a reporter from Taipei about the ROC presidential elections - a hot topic of conversation on both sides of the Taiwan strait .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ju Gao - jeng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Taipei", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [207, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amid all the merrymaking , one gets a sense of what Shanghai must have been like in the thirties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "the thirties", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Dongguan at the turn of the 21st century , however , it is the Taiwanese business people who have been playing the leading roles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "the turn of the 21st century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [15, 43]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High concentration of Taiwan firms", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the 21st century had even arrived , a bright economic star had risen over southern China .", "entity": [{"entity": "the 21st century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ever since economic reforms accelerated on the mainland when Deng Xiaoping made a tour of the south in early 1992 , four southern Cantonese cities - Zhongshan , Dongguan , Shunde , and Nanhai - have earned a reputation as the \" four tigers \" of Guangdong Province .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deng Xiaoping", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "early 1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "Cantonese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "Zhongshan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "Shunde", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "Nanhai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [185, 191]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [228, 232]}, {"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [245, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan leads the pack .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The year before last its total exports were third on the mainland , trailing only Shenzhen 's and Shanghai 's , \" says Jiang Suwu , a graduate of Wuhan University 's Chinese department who came south to work in the planning department of a Taiwan firm in Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "The year before last", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "third", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Shanghai", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "Jiang Suwu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "Wuhan University 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 167]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [242, 248]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [257, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It had more than 15,000 foreign , Taiwan , and Hong Kong firms , and economic growth for that year reached 26 % . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "more than 15,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "that year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "26 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ancient times Dongguan was covered with lichee plantations whose fruit was favored by the imperial consort Yang Guifei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Yang Guifei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just a little more than a decade ago Dongguan was still a largely agricultural area , its landscape a patchwork of rice paddies and corn fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "a little more than a decade ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 36]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has since been completely made over into a \" boundless industrial park \" with an area of 2,520 square kilometers , a population of more than 5 million , and more than 3,000 Taiwan firms .", "entity": [{"entity": "2,520 square kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [92, 115]}, {"entity": "more than 5 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [134, 153]}, {"entity": "more than 3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [160, 175]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang Han - wen , the chairman of the Taiwan Business Association of Dongguan ( TBAD ) , says that development started in the late 1980s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang Han - wen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "the Taiwan Business Association of Dongguan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 77]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "the late 1980s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hong Kong firms , with their proximity and fluent Cantonese ( also the local dialect in Dongguan ) , were first .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Cantonese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Taiwanese , first coming about 1989 , followed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each arrival seemed to bring many more on its heels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwan firms are now the most important source of foreign investment in Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consider the booming electronics industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty percent of Dongguan 's 1,800 computer - related companies are from Taiwan , Hong Kong and Macau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eighty percent", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "1,800", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "Macau", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of production value , they account for at least half of this RMB 50 billion local industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "RMB 50 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan holds the highest concentration of Taiwan firms anywhere on the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to TBAD statistics , there are now 30,000 Taiwanese companies on the mainland , ( official PRC statistics , which include service - industry firms , put the number at 45,000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "30,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "45,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guangdong Province can boast one - third of the total , of which 3,200 are in Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong Province", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "one - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "3,200", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these are telecom , cable , plastics , shoes , electronics and electric machinery companies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why has Dongguan been such a magnet for Taiwan firms ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kao Wen - lai points out that Dongguan is strategically located between Shenzhen and Guangzhou ( Canton ) and accessible to the entire Pearl River delta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kao Wen - lai", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "Canton", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "Pearl River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is three hours by car to Hong Kong and one and a half hours by boat to Humen .", "entity": [{"entity": "three hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "one and a half hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [42, 62]}, {"entity": "Humen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When compared to Shenzhen , moreover , land and labor in Dongguan are cheap .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shenzhen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The local cadres have been smart , providing all manner of land and tax incentives , \" says Chen Ming - chih , TBAD 's secretary general .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Ming - chih", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two keys to the miracle", "entity": [{"entity": "Two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One afternoon in the days before the Chinese New Year , Chinese businessmen wearing suits arrived at the People 's Government administration building in Dongguan 's Qishi district .", "entity": [{"entity": "One afternoon", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "the Chinese New Year", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "People 's Government", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 125]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "Qishi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a long wait , they sat down at a table to negotiate with Qishi 's Communist Party secretary , the district chief , and various staff from its foreign economic office .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qishi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qishi 's factory rents , electricity charges and land leases were all focuses of discussion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Qishi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBAD , as is frequently the case , introduced the two parties .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The factory rent was set at RMB 8.00 ( about NT$ 32 ) a square meter .", "entity": [{"entity": "RMB 8.00", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "32", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [51, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electricity charge was RMB .87 a kilowatt hour , and there were various tax incentives , \" explains Wang Jung - tuo , who notes there is still room for negotiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "RMB .87", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Wang Jung - tuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All in all , it was a very attractive package .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1990 , Wang went to Malaysia thinking about opening a factory there , but he discovered that Malaysia 's market was much smaller than the mainland 's and its labor costs twice as high .", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Wang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "Malaysia", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The style of life was too different there , there was a language divide , and the roads were poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mainland was a much better fit for him and his printed circuit boards company .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , little more than a decade later , its 20 - 30 workers have grown to 2,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "little more than a decade later", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "20 - 30", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "2,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company is once again preparing to expand its physical plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He acknowledges that it was a risky move to come to mainland China , but \" if you 're going to die , you might as well die among your own people . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He traces his ancestry to Guangdong and affirms that his decision to set up in mainland China \" involves ethnic pride . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although low land and labor costs are Dongguan 's main attractions , Taiwan firms also choose the locale for the networks of people and producers that have been built up among Taiwanese in Dongguan over the last ten years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [189, 197]}, {"entity": "the last ten years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [203, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two kinds of networks , says H.D. Yeh - who served as TBAD 's president for two terms - were instrumental in creating the \" Taiwanese economic miracle . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H.D. Yeh points out that competition in the 21st century is all about speed .", "entity": [{"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "the 21st century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When customers in America make purchase orders , the whole process , including drawing up the contract and manufacturing the goods , requires four months .", "entity": [{"entity": "America", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But Taiwanese firms can deliver in 15 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "15 days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There are two keys , \" he says .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" One is that all the upstream and downstream factories are here .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [2, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You can assemble a computer completely from parts made within 50 kilometers . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "50 kilometers", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And the second key is that when you deal with Taiwanese companies , you do n't have to endure a long contract process .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everything starts rolling with a single telephone call .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwanese business people are always playing golf , singing karaoke or chewing betel nut together .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Everyone is always asking how everyone else is doing - it 's a way of networking and building up good relations , \" Yeh says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andrew Yeh recalls that when the company first set up in Dongguan in 1990 , \" Even screws had to be brought in from Taiwan . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But now the company sources virtually all of the necessary raw materials and parts on the mainland and is reliant for very little on Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" What does industrial emigration entail ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually it means downstream industries coming first , forcing the mid-stream industries to follow , \" says Sylvia Yang , deputy chairperson of TBAD 's women 's division .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Sylvia Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And in Dongguan downstream Taiwan firms have expanded into the mid-stream , becoming more vertically integrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tahsin Printing only made paper boxes in Taiwan but when they set up a plant in Dongguan they discovered that it was hard to obtain the paper rolls they needed and thus learned how to make them themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tahsin Printing", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now the company makes paper boxes both from rolled paper and from colored flat paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To each its own domain", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many companies have expanded into new business realms in Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A frequently cited example is Primax , H.D. Yeh 's electronics firm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "H.D. Yeh 's", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company rented a factory in Dongguan in 1989 and at first produced labor - intensive power surge protectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After three years , they began in 1992 to invest massively on the mainland , establishing computer mouse production lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , Primax launched new products every year : cellular phone parts , overhead projectors , paper shredders , scanners . . .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constantly expanding its product lines and production capacity , Primax expanded from a single Dongguan plant with 25 workers in 1989 to its current nine factories and 4,000 - plus workforce .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "25", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "1989", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "4,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [168, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primax 's performance , H.D. Yeh notes , pushed its mother company in Taiwan to go public seven years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "seven years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primax is one of the few Taiwan electronics companies with a definite \" China orientation . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Primax", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It does n't cost much to set up a factory in mainland China , and shipping times are stable .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are helpful to the mother company both in terms of controlling costs and filling large orders , \" says Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan Hsu Fu Chi Foods , which sells candy , cakes and candied fruit in the mainland domestic market , is another good example .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan Hsu Fu Chi Foods", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They began production there in 1992 , formally opening their own plant in Dongguan in 1994 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1992", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The company now has three factories in Dongguan , with a combined area of 120,000 square meters , that produce 200 tons of candy , 70 tons of Chinese - style cakes , and 180 tons of gelatin and pudding a day .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "120,000 square meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "200 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "70 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "180 tons", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We produce 300 - 500 container loads of food a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "300 - 500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You can find our cakes in supermarkets all the way from Guangzhou to Tibet . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Guangzhou", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Tibet", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Norman Hsu , the company 's vice president , says that after one invests on the mainland , layouts of Taiwan factories seem exceedingly cramped .", "entity": [{"entity": "Norman Hsu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There 's a totally different sense of space . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Dongguan is by itself one - thirteenth the size of Taiwan , \" notes Chen Ming - chih , secretary general of the Taiwan Business Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "one - thirteenth", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Chen Ming - chih", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "the Taiwan Business Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Dongguan factories are more than ten times the sizes of similar plants in Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "more than ten", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One factory building at the Talingshan furniture plant is 380 meters long .", "entity": [{"entity": "One", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Talingshan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "380 meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Walking the perimeter of a leading electronics plant in Qishi is \" like playing four holes of golf . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Qishi", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like soldiers , workers often have to take different shifts in the cafeteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pouchen shoe plant , Dongguan 's largest , employs 100,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pouchen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "100,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound has a nursery , hospital and an operating room .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We always jokingly refer to it as Fort Pouchen , \" says Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pouchen", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Victory to the strivers", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Taiwan firms in Dongguan have left home , their success can largely be attributed to an ethos they transplanted from Taiwan - that \" victory goes to those who strive the hardest . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In Taiwan , we used to take the children somewhere fun on weekends and holidays , \" says Chang Mei - liang of TBAD 's women 's division .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "Chang Mei - liang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But since she 's moved the factory , \" there has n't been a single meal the whole family has eaten together . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you want to open a plant on the mainland , you 're going to have to sacrifice family intimacy . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Taiwan , a boss just has to set the factory 's basic course and at the very most supervise the executives , \" explains Sylvia Yang , the women 's division 's deputy chairperson .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Sylvia Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But on the mainland , a boss has to supervise everything : customs , tax payments , workers ' disputes , meal preparation . . . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's always the feeling that everyone will start to slack off once the boss leaves . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the job - related pressures and evenings out with fellow Taiwanese business people or Communist Party cadres result in ill health for many Taiwan business people on the mainland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of Chen 's tasks as chairperson of TBAD is to handle funeral arrangements for Taiwanese business people there .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Many of them die suddenly , \" he says .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association has been trying to promote healthier lifestyles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Instead of just going out to karaoke bars and drinking , why not play golf too , \" recommends H.D. Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan has four or five golf courses within city limits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "four or five", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 1,000 people play every day , and 80 - 90 % of them are Taiwanese .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "80 - 90 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Taiwanese entrepreneurial spirit has blossomed here by processing goods for export through Hong Kong in addition to making the most of connections between local Taiwan firms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 3,000 Taiwan - owned businesses here , and 10 - 20,000 Taiwanese business people and their dependants coming in and out every day , the Dong - guan area has already developed an economic circle in which Taiwan firms can conduct most of their business among themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "10 - 20,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Dong - guan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [208, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the vibrant district of Houjian , there is an area that locals call Taiwan Town .", "entity": [{"entity": "Houjian", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Taiwan Town", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A casual look around reveals shop signs familiar to any Taiwanese : Taichung Goose , Ah - shui Shih 's Pig Knuckle Kingdom , Yungho Soy Milk , the Mantu Hair Salon . . . . and most of the customers are Taiwanese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Taichung Goose", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "Ah - shui Shih 's Pig Knuckle Kingdom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 122]}, {"entity": "Yungho Soy Milk", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 140]}, {"entity": "the Mantu Hair Salon", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 163]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [202, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restaurants serve up authentic Taiwanese fare like \" pineapples and bitter melon chicken \" and \" sesame oil chicken . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In November 1998 Global Express , a Taiwan firm , even opened up a shuttle bus to Hong Kong 's airport .", "entity": [{"entity": "November 1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "Global Express", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global Express serves as a good example of Taiwanese corporate agility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Global Express", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally , arrivals from Taiwan en route to Dongguan had to board buses run by a Hong Kong - based and mainland - financed travel agency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But we felt that the service left something to be desired , and that a lot of time would always be wasted while holders of ' Taiwanese Compatriot Visas ' cleared customs , \" notes David Chang , Global Travel Holding 's executive director .", "entity": [{"entity": "' Taiwanese Compatriot Visas '", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [125, 155]}, {"entity": "David Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "Global Travel Holding 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [196, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two years ago , this Taiwanese travel agency began to talk with the mainland customs and border inspection agencies and negotiated a deal to get the route .", "entity": [{"entity": "Two years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We tell Taiwanese business people that riding our buses is safe , the service is good , and that it makes the trip through customs easy . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In enemy territory", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As soon as you 're through customs at Hong Kong , you see them : women draped with beauty pageant - like sashes with the Chinese characters for \" Global Travel \" emblazoned across them .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "\" Global Travel \"", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pushing small luggage carts , they lead customers to the buses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have become a \" must - see \" tourist sight for Taiwanese visitors to Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" At first we thought of talking with Hong Kong airport about renting a counter , \" explains Chang .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But for just one - fourth of a six square - meter booth , the rent comes to HK$ 200,000 . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "one - fourth", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "six square - meter", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "HK$ 200,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the company thought that instead of spending that much money on a booth it made more sense to lower operating costs and pass these along in the form of lower fares for its customers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They never expected that the luggage carts would in fact make it much easier for customers to find them in sprawling Hong Kong airport and would become an easily recognizable company trademark .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Now mainland Chinese travel agencies have started copying the way we use the carts , \" says Chang , laughing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since Global buses started plying this route in November 1988 , daily bus departures have risen from 4 to 27 , with over 20,000 riders a month .", "entity": [{"entity": "Global", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "November 1988", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "4", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [101, 102]}, {"entity": "27", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "20,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global plans to introduce new services , including car rentals and plane ticket reservations and confirmations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Global", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dongguan appears to have a bright future .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The Taiwan firms here now are powerful enough to get two or three members of the Legislative Yuan to represent their interests , \" holds one senior reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "the Legislative Yuan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although TBAD 's Yeh believes that investment prospects on the mainland are good , he does acknowledge the precariousness of their position in hostile territory .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwan business interests can not put down their guard .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of Taiwan 's experience with rapid modernization , many CCP cadres have sought employment with Taiwanese firms , hoping to learn from the masters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "CCP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the first opportunity , however , they leave to set up shop for themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The student then challenges the master , \" explains Sylvia Yang , detailing how these mainland upstarts go on to compete with the very Taiwan firms that taught them all they know .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sylvia Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This scenario should be familiar to Taiwanese .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It happens in Taiwan too . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from keeping up their guard , it is even more important that Taiwan firms raise their productivity and technological level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Many manufacturers , even those in mainland China , will not survive , \" says Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwan firms find it difficult to adjust to the instability of the mainland 's investment environment , as well as the laws there that seemingly change overnight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The year before last the mainland announced a new tax system , under which raw materials imported by foreign firms would be taxed at a rate of 17 % , with 9 % being returned to the manufacturer when finished goods were exported .", "entity": [{"entity": "The year before last", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "17 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "9 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" When I went to Beijing to negotiate , \" recalls Yeh , \" I asked cadres in the foreign trade office to consider the impact of the tax on the electronics industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profit margins are at best 3 - 5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - 5 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can manufacturers afford to pay a 17 % import tax ? \"", "entity": [{"entity": "17 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In June of last year the PRC authorities announced the \" Document # 35 \" rules .", "entity": [{"entity": "June of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "\" Document # 35 \"", "entity_type": "law", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These stipulated that companies would be given grades according to the quantity of their exports and their records of breaking customs regulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those meriting only a B would have to offer a deposit of 40 - 50 % against the value of their raw material imports .", "entity": [{"entity": "40 - 50 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This terrified Taiwan firms in Dongguan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to TBAD 's statistics , 75 % of the Taiwanese firms were given Bs .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "75 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The announcement caused quite a stir , but its effect on Taiwanese investment is as yet unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In August of last year , as the mainland customs authorities took aggressive moves against smuggling , 12 Taiwan business people in Dongguan were detained .", "entity": [{"entity": "August of last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 22]}, {"entity": "12", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The charges ran the gamut from not filling out proper forms to purchasing phony export contracts and trying to pass them off to customs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven business people were arrested and charged with smuggling and are still in jail .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seven", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I 'm constantly thinking about them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I 'm meditating and have gone vegetarian , but I 'm still not at peace , \" Yeh says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the mainland , the highest penalty for smuggling is death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Last year the mainland sent nine customs officers to the firing squad , \" notes Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fate of these Taiwanese businessmen will depend entirely on the mainland 's political climate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether its arrival was by accident or design , a new age for Taiwanese firms in Dongguan is here .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a far cry from the days when Taiwan firms enjoyed tremendous advantages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the various revisions to trade law adopted by the PRC last year , Chang Han - wen extrapolates that the PRC both wants to protect its uncompetitive state firms and turn from low - tech processing to high - tech production .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "Chang Han - wen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" This is because state enterprises pressure the government with appeals about their right to survival , \" Yeh says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When foreign firms in the mainland are confronted with threats to their safety and property , \" Hong Kong can count on the cooperation of the government , US and Japanese businesses can turn to their ambassadors , but what can Taiwan firms do ? \" asks Yeh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [155, 157]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [227, 233]}, {"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [252, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Dongguan they can help each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , more than 80 % of the 3,000 Taiwanese firms in Dongguan have joined TBAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "80 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "3,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBAD has 29 local branches in Dongguan and is , moreover , the only Taiwan business association in mainland China with a women 's division .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "29", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major companies listed on the TAIEX , including Lite - on Electronics and Delta Electronics , are members of TBAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAIEX", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Lite - on Electronics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "Delta Electronics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the largest and strongest of all Taiwan business groups on the mainland both in terms of organization and operations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many Taiwanese believe that at a time of cross-strait tension , Taiwan firms have made their own decisions to invest in the mainland and therefore should bear the risk themselves too .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And by investing their money , technology and so forth on the mainland , are they not to some degree abandoning Taiwan ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBAD takes issue with this view .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H.D. Yeh points out that in 1998 Taiwan had an overall trade surplus of US$ 5.9 billion , and a surplus of US$ 12.76 billion with mainland China .", "entity": [{"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "US$ 5.9 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "US$ 12.76 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [107, 124]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If not for its trade with the PRC , therefore , Taiwan would have had a trade deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" We make our money here , but we pay taxes in Taiwan , and most of our families and children do most of their consumer spending in Taiwan , \" insists TBAD chairperson Chang Mei - liang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 155]}, {"entity": "Chang Mei - liang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang notes that after the major earthquake in Taiwan on September 21 , Taiwan business associations throughout mainland China contributed NT$ 60 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "September 21", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [121, 126]}, {"entity": "NT$ 60 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [139, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBAD contributed NT$ 30 million all by itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "NT$ 30 million", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , he argues that it 's very unfair to say that Taiwanese businesses in the mainland are n't contributing to Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The question is , how should the ROC government view Taiwan firms in the mainland ?", "entity": [{"entity": "ROC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And for that matter how is the PRC government looking at the Taiwanese in Dongguan ?", "entity": [{"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Taiwanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBAD 's spiritual leader H.D. Yeh often goes to Beijing to represent Taiwan firms in negotiations with the government .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "H.D. Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Beijing", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once , in the presence of many Communist Party cadres , a high - ranking official of the State Council 's Taiwan Affairs Office asked him this question : \" You 've gathered so many Taiwan firms in Dongguan and stirred up such enthusiasm among them - but for what purpose ? \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Communist Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "the State Council 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Taiwan Affairs Office", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 127]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [197, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It threw him for a loop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeh is still trying to figure out what the mainland authorities think of TBAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "TBAD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Taiwan firms in Dongguan , investing in mainland China is a road of no return .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In recent years many Taiwan business people have also tried to invest in Vietnam , only later to close their factories there , \" says Chang Han - wen .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Vietnam", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Chang Han - wen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mainland China shares the same language as Taiwan and it offers attractive investment conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be surprising if it did n't attract Taiwan firms that are eager to set up offshore .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amid the cross-strait political standoff , one can expect that Taiwan firms in Dongguan will continue to live out this exciting tale of gain and loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "Dongguan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Jackie Cheng / photos by Diago Chiu / tr. by Jonathan Barnard )", "entity": [{"entity": "Jackie Cheng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "Diago Chiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Barnard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Source : Taiwan Business Association of Dongguan", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan Business Association of Dongguan", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphic by Tsai Chih - pen", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsai Chih - pen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tips for Getting through Middle Age", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Laura Li / photos by Hsueh Chi - kuang / tr. by Jonathan Barnard )", "entity": [{"entity": "Laura Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "Hsueh Chi - kuang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "Jonathan Barnard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middle age and the changes it brings are like a revolving door .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many people peacefully go through it , growing wiser and losing their rough edges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minority do n't know whether to advance or retreat and get caught in it like a trap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middle age is a time where one wears more hats than at any other time in one 's life , when one 's responsibilities are heaviest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the crises experienced by a minority of middle - aged people can involve a lot of other people , so their impact can not be overlooked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middle age , those years between 40 and 60 , is both the time of life of greatest glory and the time of life that 's easiest to overlook .", "entity": [{"entity": "those years between 40 and 60", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [13, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison to youth or old age , the middle years are often thought of as the time when power , ability , wealth , and physical strength are all at or near their peak , so that one has no excuse for feeling melancholy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even if there are problems , it is commonly thought that one should be able to resolve them by oneself , notes Chiu Chia - li , director of the Hwo Chyuan Pastoral Counseling Center , who has worked on many middle - aged cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiu Chia - li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "the Hwo Chyuan Pastoral Counseling Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Social bias makes many of the middle aged afraid to discuss their problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is particularly the case for men , who generally find it difficult to talk about their feelings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But by keeping everything inside , they may cause irreparable harm to their health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years cancer , sudden death and suicide have become all too common during middle age , which shows that the psychological problems of the middle - aged should not be overlooked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How do you safely pass through the changes of the middle years ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here are a few suggestions :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1. Live well at every stage of life", "entity": [{"entity": "1.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Li Liang - che , a professor of psychology at National Chengchi University , looks at the question from the angle of developmental psychology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li Liang - che", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "National Chengchi University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He points out that the path of life is continuous : everyone moves from infancy and childhood , to youth and middle age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smoothly passing through any period of life helps make getting through the next period easier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , the people most at risk during middle age are those who have had difficulties earlier in life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign research shows that those with high social and economic status and with ample financial resources bear up better during crisis and have more ways to get out of trouble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it too late to start talking about these problems when you are already middle - aged ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang Der - chung , an associate professor in the Department of Living Science at National Open University who worked at a counseling hotline for over a decade , argues that any step in the right direction is worthwhile , no matter when you start .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang Der - chung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Department of Living Science at National Open University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 106]}, {"entity": "over a decade", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middle - aged problems are rather predictable , and they 're not hard to avoid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you worried that your marriage is growing stale ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then no matter how busy you are , you 've got to set aside some time to be with your spouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you worried about losing your job ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then start developing a second skill and get into the habit of saving and managing your money .", "entity": [{"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are you worried about how to care for your parents when they get old and sick ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then spend more time with them , and encourage them to get more exercise and take care of themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are so many things to be concerned about during middle age that you had better get an early start .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Otherwise , you 'll end up being overwhelmed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2. Start over", "entity": [{"entity": "2.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In China it used to be said that middle age was the period when one was \" heir to the ancient sages and the teacher of posterity . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But now times are changing so fast that perhaps the lessons of past experience are no longer suitable for solving today 's problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assume a posture of superiority based on one 's seniority will make one despised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , it is necessary to cast aside one 's old self and start over .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiu notes that many middle - aged who have worked diligently for years to attain management positions look down on the younger generation for being reckless and disorganized , but they do n't realize that creativity and energy may be ready to explode from underneath these flaws .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stuck in the past and full of bitterness , they may end up getting discarded onto the scrap heap of history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With each new era , role models change .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until the new role models have been established , it is important to maintain flexibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , today 's middle - aged Chinese women are the first to have obtained advanced degrees and to have come in contact with the women 's liberation movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They set high expectations for themselves , but their disappointments are likewise large .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many women are torn between conflicting desires : to be good homemakers like their mothers and to have successful careers like their fathers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their candles are burning at both ends , because they are trying to live up to two old role models rather than establishing a new one for themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then there are men who insist upon being strict fathers and disciplinarians or staying at the same company until they retire .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And there are women who are determined to play the role of the traditional Chinese wife and mother .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ignoring the changing times , they place tremendous pressure on themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3. Turn the focus from outside to inside", "entity": [{"entity": "3.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life is a process that moves from the \" outward \" to the \" inward , \" says Alice Lu , director of the International Family Life Education Center , getting to the heart of the matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alice Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "the International Family Life Education Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [98, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lu explains that as children people yearn for the affection of their parents ; as adolescents they want the affirmation of their peers ; and as adults , they set their sights on educational qualifications , finding a good job , making money , marrying a good spouse and so forth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everyone puts the emphasis on outward manifestations of success , and this emphasis on the glitter of outward achievement continues up to middle age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" By middle age , people have gotten from the outside world just about all they can , \" says Lu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" What they have n't attained yet they probably wo n't attain ever , so it 's not worth getting all worked up about it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the time of life when the doubts set in . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many middle - aged people begin to ask themselves , \" Is this really what I want ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What has been the point of all my hard striving ? \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the doubts come , some people continue trying to find answers from outside , thinking that everything would be fine if they could just change jobs or wives !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But then they rashly switch jobs or foolishly get involved in an affair only to find that they 've just made things worse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In middle age you start to listen to what 's going on inside , \" says Lu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It 's the time of life when you start to hone your skills at conversing with your soul . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People ask themselves : Am I truly happy ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do I like the person I see in the mirror ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What dreams can I pursue ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this point , there is no longer any need to try to measure oneself against outside standards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead it 's more important to accept oneself and attempt to find an inner balance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" One need not compare one 's inner achievements with those of other people , \" notes Chiu .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everyone 's circumstances and personalities are different , and they place different expectations on themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It 's not a matter of being better or worse than anyone else , and there 's no need to follow the currents of fashion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everyone is unique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morris Chang was in his fifties when he became an entrepreneur and founded Taiwan Semiconductor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morris Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Taiwan Semiconductor", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many others at the same time in life have opted to take early retirement and find a guru in India , work as a volunteer , or do whatever else they want to do .", "entity": [{"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the modern age when people value different things , you can find a purely personal kind of happiness and success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4. Realistically strive for one 's dreams", "entity": [{"entity": "4.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When focusing inward , many dreams that have long been discarded will end up floating to the surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At such times , one should remember to ask oneself three questions :", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" What do I want ? \" \" What can I do ? \" And \" What must I do and have ? \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang Der - chung reminds people to think clearly about their needs , and then think about the costs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang Der - chung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will meeting these personal needs necessarily come into conflict with meeting one 's responsibilities ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is there some way that the two can be accomplished simultaneously ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When facing problems at work in Taiwan , many people decide to change careers or even to pursue their fortunes in mainland China or Southeast Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Southeast Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pursuing some dream of really making it big , many men use up their savings , leaving their wives as the sole source of family support and suffering loneliness in a foreign land .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There 's no right or wrong here , and there 's no way to guarantee a venture will be successful , but beforehand one must at least be realistic and prepare oneself psychologically for all possible outcomes , so that one wo n't suffer losses larger than one can bear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It is indeed the case that when one is young , one 's quiver is full of arrows and opportunities abound , so that one can shoot at will , \" says Chang by way of analogy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [147, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Once you get into middle age , you 've got to make every arrow count . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang explains that everyone has dreams , and that continually working toward those dreams is an excellent method of relieving stress at any age .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Middle - aged people have heavy burdens , and sometimes they may feel as if they are suffocating under them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" But accomplishing a lot of little changes can bring about a big change . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If you make an effort to do what you can , you will immediately find that your burdens have been lightened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang cites this example : Say you hate being tied up by your work , and would like to go back to school .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do n't you try a weekend class ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maybe that would help to alleviate your anxiety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Or if you are a housewife , taking care of three generations and resentful that you ca n't go out and get the sense of accomplishment that comes with a full - time job , then maybe you could work as a volunteer in a community organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This would both put you into contact with other people and help you gain a sense of accomplishment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And you can help to sweat off your middle - aged anxieties by making a habit of regularly exercising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What 's more , do n't worry too much about time being short .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remember that most modern people live long lives that can be divided up into many stages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In middle age , when you discover that your personal desires are coming into conflict with the demands of your family or society , decide which of your problems are the most urgent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't try to accomplish all of your dreams at once .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maintain an unhurried frame of mind and peacefully wait for opportunities to present themselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5. Change your perspective", "entity": [{"entity": "5.", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In middle age , one 's life is already half over , and one has already amply tasted of life 's fruits , both the bitter and the sweet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I am thankful for the bad times , for they have given me more insight into life and a better opportunity to understand myself , \" says Lin Hung - kuei , an I - kuan Tao devotee , who has studied the Book of Changes and fengshui .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lin Hung - kuei", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "the Book of Changes", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [197, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking care of your parents , losing your job , illness and even being cheated out of money can be embraced as opportunities to experience life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are lessons that the middle - aged learn from to become more proficient at the art of living .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" By changing perspective , you can understand the insignificance of your problems , \" points out Chiu Chia - li .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiu Chia - li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is very important to adjust your frame of mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You should n't think that there is only one way that you can be .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As long as you can accept yourself , then everything is all right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for losing your job in middle age , some people make NT$ 100,000 and it 's not enough .", "entity": [{"entity": "NT$ 100,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other's find that NT$ 20,000 is more than enough to support the family .", "entity": [{"entity": "NT$ 20,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem is that by insisting on making NT$ 100,000 a month , you may pass by a suitable job that pays NT$ 20,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NT$ 100,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "NT$ 20,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang also notes that when people come to forks in the road when they reach middle age , they may look around in all directions and feel at a loss , but they 've got to encourage themselves to keep pressing ahead .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Even if you feel uncertain , it should be a positive feeling of uncertainty . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the very least , you 've got to work hard at establishing a sense of direction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Li Liang - che starts feeling sorry for himself , he uses the age - old method of considering those who are even worse off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li Liang - che", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those people who are always complaining about their lot in life should take a walk around a cancer ward , \" Li says .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then they 'll realize how lucky they are . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiu Chia - li , on the other hand , encourages the middle - aged not to close themselves off .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chiu Chia - li", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They must get out and make friends , so as to get things off their chests and find support from each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This makes it easier to get through the bad times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , there is something that may seem a little cliched but is often very useful - namely the realization that things will get better , that tomorrow is another day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Whether you are depressed or going berserk , it 's important to remember that hormones are raging inside the bodies of the middle - aged , \" says Chang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much like rebellious adolescents , they may merely need to pass through into another stage for the sky to become blue again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do n't give up hope too early , and do n't be afraid of asking for assistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you feel at a loss emotionally , the experts will be able to help .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 18", "entity": [{"entity": "18", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shackles of midlife make middle - aged steps heavy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can one escape from one 's commitments to snatch half a day of freedom , and appreciate the world from a new perspective ?", "entity": [{"entity": "half a day", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 20", "entity": [{"entity": "20", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The middle - aged have dreams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If built on a solid foundation , they can make life more enjoyable and fulfilling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 22", "entity": [{"entity": "22", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is life getting you down ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Go into the crowd , find things to do , and you will rediscover a sense of the value of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genteel Journalis --", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomas Lu", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Eric Lin / tr. by Robert Taylor )", "entity": [{"entity": "Eric Lin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "Robert Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomas Lu is the doyen of the Chinese news media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still out on the journalistic front lines at 81 , this spry , forthright veteran has an immense zest for life .", "entity": [{"entity": "81", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 78 , drawing on his astonishingly sharp memory , he completed his reminiscences and \" record of emotional regrets . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "78", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He is not only one of the \" wonders \" of Taiwan 's journalistic world , but is also recognized by those of his generation as a gentleman and a \" good - looking man . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A person 's looks change with their age and their state of mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many friends have told me I look better the older I get .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People do n't know that when I was young I had dreadful protruding teeth , but now not only do my teeth no longer show , but the lines of my face have also softened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People who know me know that there have always been two great loves in my life : the news , and women .", "entity": [{"entity": "two", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now that I 'm in my 80s , looking back I think I can say I 've done alright in both respects , and I 've learnt that both reporting the news well , and finding favor with women , depend on your character and conduct .", "entity": [{"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Journalism is not just a profession , but should also be a vocation - you have to throw yourself fully into this infinitely broad field of endeavor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intellectually and spiritually , in work and in love , I have gained experience and fulfilment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I have always remembered the encouragement which Mr. Yu Youren gave me as a young reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yu Youren", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He said that to be a fearless champion of social justice , as is expected of a journalist , the most important thing , apart from energy and vitality , is modesty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "You have to treat everybody the same , and not be overawed by the great and powerful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A president or a street sweeper deserve the same respect as a human being , and should both be treated the same way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Funnily enough , an unassuming attitude is also advantageous in relations with the opposite sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese society is male dominated , and women are mostly regarded as having a subsidiary role .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this kind of unfair situation , an upstanding man should cherish and respect women all the more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A considerate attitude can be expressed in little things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , when you see that a hair has fallen onto a female friend 's shoulder , you should lightly pick it off for her , and throw it away or put it in your pocket .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If sincere , this kind of action is attractive in a man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a woman expresses her liking for you , then no matter whether she is pretty , or whether you find her attractive , you should respond in the same way , and with the same respect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When I was a young reporter stationed in Europe , there was a British woman reporter who liked me very much .", "entity": [{"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once I was driving her somewhere to report a story when we had an accident , and she suffered some badly broken bones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although I was n't attracted to her in that way , I went to see her every day in hospital , and this left a deep impression on her of how considerate Chinese men can be .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looking back at my life , I 've hardly had any really bad experiences in my relationships with women , and this is because just as in my professional life , I 've always maintained a self - critical attitude towards my emotions , and always tried to prevent myself acting like a male chauvinist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Looks are something you are born with , but character is something you can work on , and it can outweigh your appearance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luo Jialun , one of the leading lights of the May Fourth Movement , is a famous example .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luo Jialun", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "the May Fourth Movement", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luo was not good looking , and was even ridiculed as \" looking like a cross between a pig , a dog and a bear . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Luo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But he was tremendously well - read , had a beautiful writing style , and for a time he was Chinese ambassador to India .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "India", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His wife was a universally admired beauty , the envy of all .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So I say , \" handsome is as handsome does . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I was imprisoned by both the Kuomintang and the Communists , and at times I might have been killed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuomintang", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Communists", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps other people in the same situation might have wallowed in self - pity , but I saw it as a rare opportunity in life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1951 , in a dark prison cell during a big Communist purge , what came into my mind was not fear of death .", "entity": [{"entity": "1951", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Communist", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , I wondered what kind of headline my death would merit in the newspapers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" 10,000 Rush to See Lu Executed \" ?", "entity": [{"entity": "10,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "Lu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps it was this eternal optimism which changed my frame of mind and my appearance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the advice I 'd like to give young people :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "it 's true that good looks can come from external grooming , wearing nice clothes , or wearing earrings ; and perhaps you can get other people 's attention by creating your own special look .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But do n't overdo it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is appropriate dress , and a temperament developed through study and practice , which really make a man attractive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Remaking of Linpien", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Home of the Black Pearl Wax Apple", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Teng Sue - feng / photos by Jimmy Lin / tr. by Christopher MacDonald )", "entity": [{"entity": "Teng Sue - feng", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "Jimmy Lin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Christopher MacDonald", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even if the township of Linpien does n't have a monopoly on the cultivation of \" black pearl \" wax apples , it was orchards in the Linpien locality that earned black pearls their national renown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A little town formerly notorious for its ground subsidence problem , Linpien is now turning itself into one of Southern Taiwan 's premier tourist attractions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Southern Taiwan 's", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impetus for this change has come chiefly from local historians , along with various voluntary groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just before Christmas break , the rural township of Linpien , on the Pingtung Plain at the mouth of the Linpien river , held its first ever Wax Apple Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christmas", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "the Pingtung Plain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "Wax Apple Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The festival , in the town 's riverside park , was held to promote black pearl wax apples and celebrate the local volunteer spirit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a scorching hot day , and heavily perspiring visitors were to be seen wandering among the stalls , lugging bags of wax apples and commenting on their remarkable sweetness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" There 's a lot more than you 'd think to growing wax apples , \" says local farmer Chen Sheng - tzung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Sheng - tzung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" How you take care of the orchards , which equipment you use - it all has an affect on the shape and texture of the fruit . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prices for wax apples range widely , from around 3 pounds for NT$ 100 to NT$ 150 a pound .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 pounds", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "NT$ 100", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "NT$ 150", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fruit that shows a hint of black through the red color of the skin fetches the best price .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Huang Wan - fu , whose family farms two hectares of orchard with more than 700 wax apple trees , and who has over 30 years ' experience as a fruit grower , says that while other parts of Pingtung County also grow wax apples , \" Linpien stands out for its growing techniques , developed through trial and error by the growers themselves , and for vernalization rates of up to 90 % . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Huang Wan - fu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "two hectares", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "more than 700", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Pingtung County", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [228, 235]}, {"entity": "90 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [375, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ugly duckling no more", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wax apple is a tropical fruit originating from the Malay peninsula .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malay", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dutch brought it to Taiwan from Java , in the 17th century , and it became commonly grown as a shade - giving tree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Java", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "the 17th century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Old folk in the South remember when wax apples were \" just something to munch on \" - the kind of fruit that grew freely and that you could help yourself to .", "entity": [{"entity": "South", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But wax apples have increased in value during the past 30 years , thanks to advances in the way that they are grown .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past 30 years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the \" bag - wrap \" method was originally a way of protecting budding fruit from birds , but once it was introduced to Linpien , in around 1994 , farmers found it enabled them to grow more lustrous , shiny - looking wax apples , with less pesticide on the skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method soon caught on throughout the district .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another popular technique involves covering the trees with black mosquito nets to improve yields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the trees , causing nutrients from the leaves and branches to be diverted into producing fruit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The net - covered trees blossom earlier and produce more fruit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result of this technique , black pearl wax apples are now available throughout most of the year .", "entity": [{"entity": "most of the year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [84, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" black pearl \" tag did n't originate in Linpien , but it was Linpien wax apples that made the variety famous and prompted the dramatic growth of its market .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1983 the then - provincial governor Lee Teng - hui visited the town and praised the quality of its black pearl wax apples , so assuring the renown of the fruit .", "entity": [{"entity": "1983", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Lee Teng - hui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , as president , Lee Teng - hui often gave gifts of black pearl wax apples to foreign dignitaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee Teng - hui", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green hills", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of black pearl wax apples gave Linpien a much - needed boost , bringing some of the younger generation back to the area to grow the fruit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The credit for putting wax apples at the heart of the town 's revival and for mounting the Wax Apple Festival belongs with a group of volunteer workers - local people committed to the town 's regeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Wax Apple Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [87, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How does a small town like Linpien come to be home to such a well - organized volunteer effort , and just how did the volunteers set about giving their town a make - over ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The story begins with the town 's riverside park .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The road linking the town 's main street with the riverside park , where locals like to stroll and chat at the beginning and end of the day , used to be overgrown and lined with trash .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , however , thanks to a coordinated effort involving volunteers , residents and landlords , the verges are planted with sunflowers and lantana , while a former mud patch , donated rent - free by its owner , has been converted into a carp - filled lotus pool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revamping of Linpien started eight or nine years ago , when schoolteacher Tsao Chi - hung - now a DPP deputy in the national legislature - along with fellow members of the Linpien Residents ' Democracy Association launched a program to sweep the streets and keep the riverbank clean .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "eight or nine years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "Tsao Chi - hung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "the Linpien Residents ' Democracy Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [172, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wu Wu - ta , a plumber who runs the Democracy Association , says : \" People were already doing their bit for the community over ten years ago , but not openly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu Wu - ta", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "the Democracy Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 57]}, {"entity": "ten years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [128, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They swept the streets before dawn because they did n't want people to see them and call them crazy . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was only three years ago , with the founding of the non-political Linpien Natural History Conservation Association , that residents began to publicly support the project .", "entity": [{"entity": "three years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "Linpien Natural History Conservation Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [69, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flood - prone Linpien River has been dyked and dredged since the Japanese colonial era , but the bare concrete embankments never did much for the scenery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1999 Tsao Chi - hung learned that the Water Conservancy Bureau was planning to renovate the flood defenses , and he proposed a scheme for \" greenification \" of the riverside area .", "entity": [{"entity": "1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "Tsao Chi - hung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [8, 23]}, {"entity": "the Water Conservancy Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objections were raised , however , with some pointing out that the site , if left untended , could easily get overgrown and become a breeding ground for snakes and vermin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The issue was discussed and finally the Bureau agreed to let volunteers maintain the riverside area for two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the scheme did n't work out then the Bureau would concrete over the site as originally planned .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bureau", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the lead of the conservation association and the Democracy Association , various volunteer groups in the district - including the senior citizens ' club , members of Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation , the Presbyterian Church , and followers of the I - Kuan Tao sect - signed up to share responsibility for the riverside park , which was divided into 90 - meter - long plots for the purpose .", "entity": [{"entity": "the Democracy Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [176, 203]}, {"entity": "the Presbyterian Church", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 229]}, {"entity": "I - Kuan Tao", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [253, 265]}, {"entity": "90 - meter", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [355, 365]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turf was laid , flower beds appeared , and the embankment soon became a 1.2 km - long \" green Great Wall . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "1.2 km", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "Great Wall", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dreaming by the river", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" You ca n't go about community work in a standoffish way , and you certainly ca n't operate effectively from behind the scenes - you have to be out there at the front of things .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When local people see teachers and doctors coming out to collect trash , they feel encouraged to join in , \" says Chen Chin - chao , a dentist who chairs the Linpien Natural History Conservation Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Chin - chao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "the Linpien Natural History Conservation Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chen frets about the way the media has focused the spotlight on him alone , when numerous other individuals are also involved , all chipping in what they can .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The biggest achievement is that the flowers have n't been stolen , \" says Tsao Chi - hung .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsao Chi - hung", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" As more people volunteer to help , disruptive behavior becomes less and less likely . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The riverside area used to be a teenage hangout , known for its drinking and fighting , but since greenification the town 's residents have been coming here to stroll and enjoy the scenery : green hills to the East , the sunset in the West , and the dreamy river alongside the park .", "entity": [{"entity": "East", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [210, 214]}, {"entity": "West", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The more that people get involved the greater their sense of accomplishment , \" says Tsao .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" It 's not just about tidying up the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also hope to foster the commercial interests of the community so as to bring practical benefits for people 's lives . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the thinking behind Tsao 's gathering together of various groups for the Wax Apple Festival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tsao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "the Wax Apple Festival", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [78, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the archives , 400 years ago Linpien was a plains - aborigine settlement called \" Fang - suo - she . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "400 years ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "Fang - suo - she", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the middle of the 17th century the Ming dynasty loyalist Zheng Chenggong ( also known as Koxinga ) brought an influx of settlers to Taiwan from the Fujian and Guangdong regions of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "the middle of the 17th century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 33]}, {"entity": "Ming dynasty", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Zheng Chenggong", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "Koxinga", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Fujian", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Guangdong", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "China", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [183, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the Fang - suo - she aborigines stayed and intermarried with Chinese , while others moved away .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fang - suo - she", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "national religious political", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oldest recorded use of the name \" Linpien \" is on a stele , erected in 1762 , next to the town 's Sanshan King Temple .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "1762", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Sanshan King Temple", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [102, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The name , which means \" beside the forest , \" indicates that the early settlers must have had a tough time clearing land for their crops .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moving to center - stage", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past half century or more Linpien has concentrated on a series of different forms of produce , from rice , to bananas , to prawn and eel farming , to wax apples - today 's main crop .", "entity": [{"entity": "the past half century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 24]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With Taiwan 's imminent accession to the WTO , the next big change could be just around the corner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "WTO", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , will wax apples lose their market to imported fruit ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what does Linpien have to offer that other districts in the county ca n't easily duplicate ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yang Hung - jen , a PhD student at National Taiwan University 's Graduate Institute of Sociology , came to Linpien a year ago to research his thesis on the renewal of the local community .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang Hung - jen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "PhD", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "National Taiwan University 's", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 64]}, {"entity": "Graduate Institute of Sociology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 96]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "a year ago", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" I had come to what was said to be the worst county in Taiwan for factionalism and corruption , \" says Yang , \" a place where the ground had sunk as much as three meters due to subsidence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "three meters", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the contrast between that image and what I actually found here was quite something . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Yang , the way that those most active in the renewal effort routinely pass the credit to others is itself impressive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien rose to prominence on the strength of its celebrated wax apples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But can it now push its way to center - stage as a tourist attraction ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Says Chen Chin - chao : \" We ca n't yet say how things will turn out for Linpien .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chen Chin - chao", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But that 's not to be pessimistic about the town 's prospects ; it 's simply a case of not building castles in the air . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of the long - promised Tapeng Bay Scenic Area is due to begin , and in 2003 the 2nd Southern Freeway will open .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tapeng Bay Scenic Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "2003", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "the 2nd Southern Freeway", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [88, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Will this bring more prosperity to the area ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction of a bypass around the town has already boosted property values , but what other benefits may it bring ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A golf course is mooted , but will that mean the loss of birdwatching zones and the mangrove woods ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can the wax apple orchards be adapted to serve as a setting for family outings ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And can fish farms in the locality be converted to provide housing and accommodation , and a recreation alternative for visitors ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can this little town make an asset of its scenic location and historical roots to attract more visitors ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien used to be little more than a brief stop for travelers on their way to the seaside resort of Kenting , but now its residents are wondering if they can turn the town into a destination in its own right .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Kenting", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien Facts and Figures", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien Rural Township is in Pingtung County , located on the Pingtung Plain at the mouth of the Linpien River .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien Rural Township", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Pingtung County", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "the Pingtung Plain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "the Linpien River", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is adjacent to the planned Tapeng Bay Scenic Area , and marks the point where the 2nd Southern Freeway will terminate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tapeng Bay Scenic Area", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [30, 52]}, {"entity": "the 2nd Southern Freeway", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [81, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 15.6 sq. km in area , it is the second smallest of Pingtung County 's 33 townships , and has a population of around 23,000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "15.6 sq. km", "entity_type": "quantity", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "second", "entity_type": "ordinal", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Pingtung County 's", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "33", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "23,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wax apples and aquaculture products are the main commodities , with betel nut and coconut also grown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - third of the township 's land is below sea level .", "entity": [{"entity": "One - third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visitors are recommended to try the local seafood and also not to miss the opportunity for bird - watching among the nearby estuaries , wetlands and mangrove woods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are also cultural relics including traces of the original plains - aborigine inhabitants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien can be reached along Provincial Highway 17 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Provincial Highway 17", "entity_type": "facility", "pos": [29, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The town has a railway station and can also be accessed by public and private bus services .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more information check out : www.taconet.com.tw/cstudio/", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 45", "entity": [{"entity": "45", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using special growing techniques , the farmers of Linpien control the quantity of blossoms on the trees so as to optimize the production of their treasured black pearl wax apples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 46", "entity": [{"entity": "46", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aquaculture provides for full nets and full bellies , but it is also the culprit behind Linpien 's severe subsidence problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acreage of fish farms has halved in recent years , due to the combination of falling profits and environmental degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 47", "entity": [{"entity": "47", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsidence has been caused by the over-extraction of ground - water for aquaculture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the houses on the Linpien - Chiatung coastal strip have sunk to the degree that their windows are level with the street and their rooves are within easy reach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Chiatung", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p. 48", "entity": [{"entity": "48", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gardens of the riverside park , laid out and maintained by local volunteers , cover land that used to be overgrown and strewn with rubbish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The people of the town now come here to stroll and enjoy their free time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The river is blessed with fine scenery , and is good for fishing and birdwatching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linpien residents see this as an important asset for attracting tourism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linpien", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powerful Tools for Biotechnology - Biochips", "entity": [{"entity": "Powerful Tools for Biotechnology - Biochips", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Chang Chiung - fang / photos by Hsueh Chi - kuang / tr. by Robert Taylor )", "entity": [{"entity": "Chang Chiung - fang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [2, 21]}, {"entity": "Hsueh Chi - kuang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Robert Taylor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enterovirus detection biochip developed by DR. Chip Biotechnology takes only six hours to give hospitals the answer to whether a sample contains enterovirus , and if it is the deadly strain Entero 71 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip Biotechnology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 69]}, {"entity": "only six hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Worldwide , biotechnology is a rising star of the industrial stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Taiwan , in recent years the Ministry of Economic Affairs , the National Science Council and the National Health Research Institutes have been strongly pursuing \" biochip \" research programs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "the Ministry of Economic Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 60]}, {"entity": "the National Science Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 91]}, {"entity": "the National Health Research Institutes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last two years , three biochip companies have also been set up in Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "the last two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Just what are biochips ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What use are they to mankind ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Why do so many people have such confidence in their future ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is the current state of this field in Taiwan ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And what are the prospects for future development ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Let 's take a closer look .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In just a few years ' time , or a few decades , the following scenario could become a reality :", "entity": [{"entity": "a few years '", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "a few decades", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When you 're feeling under the weather , all you need to do is buy a diagnostic biochip from the chemist 's shop , put a drop of urine onto it , and you will find out what is wrong with you - a health check will be as easy as a pregnancy test today .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Everyone will carry with them a biochip bearing a record and analysis of their own DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From it one will not only be able to see one 's own physical condition , but even to predict what diseases one will have in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will be like an ID card , needed when looking for work , buying insurance or even seeking a partner for love and marriage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laboratories will no longer need all kinds of large instruments , for all stages of their experiments will be carried out on little biochips , saving time , effort and money .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , the scenes outlined above may just seem like pipe dreams .", "entity": [{"entity": "Today", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But these dreams could yet come true , and the key to that happening is those little biochips .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dream come true ?", "entity": [{"entity": "A dream come true ?", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developments such as the sequencing of the human genome and the rapid development of genetic engineering have spawned biotechnology industries like bioinformatics , biomaterials and pharmaceutical engineering , which have emerged as the rising stars of 21st - century industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "21st - century", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [253, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the government 's efforts to promote the biotechnology industry in Taiwan , in July 1999 the Industrial Technology Research Institute ( ITRI ) set up the Biomedical Engineering Center ( BMEC ) to actively develop biomedical engineering technologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "July 1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "the Industrial Technology Research Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 144]}, {"entity": "ITRI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "the Biomedical Engineering Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [161, 194]}, {"entity": "BMEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [197, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochips are one of the core technologies in the field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMEC general director Dr. Johnsee Lee says that the ITRI 's four - year R&D program in biochip applications and technology is now in its second year .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "ITRI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "four - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "second year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its initial objectives are mainly focused on developing sensor chips to screen for infectious diseases , while later goals will be to develop technologies to test for genetic diseases and cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well as this new research establishment , in the two years since September 1998 three commercial companies have been set up in Taiwan to make biochips : U - Vision Biotech , Taiwan Genome Sciences and DR. Chip Biotechnology .", "entity": [{"entity": "the two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "September 1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "three", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "U - Vision Biotech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 174]}, {"entity": "Taiwan Genome Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [177, 199]}, {"entity": "DR. Chip Biotechnology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [204, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , DR. Chip attracted much attention this year when it developed a chip to detect enteroviruses , a deadly epidemic of which has gripped Taiwan over the last two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "the last two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fever chips", "entity": [{"entity": "Fever chips", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DR. Chip Bio-technology was set up in September 1998 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip Bio-technology", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "September 1998", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vice president Wang Shin - hwan states that the company successfully applied to the Ministry of Economic Affairs for funding to help it pursue a development program for enterovirus detection chips and test technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wang Shin - hwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "the Ministry of Economic Affairs", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Today , the enterovirus chip is in the testing phase , and DR. Chip is collaborating with Taipei Veterans General Hospital to obtain samples with which to establish the accuracy of the chip .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Taipei Veterans General Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is so remarkable about the enterovirus detection chip when compared with traditional test methods ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are 68 known forms of non-polio enterovirus .", "entity": [{"entity": "68", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detection chip does not simply determine whether a person is infected with enterovirus , but can also differentiate between different virus groups , for instance showing whether a sample contains the deadly Entero 71 virus , or Coxsackie A16 , which is easily confused with Entero 71 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the chip and its accompanying PCR kit greatly reduce the time required for testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wang Shin - hwan notes that traditional bacterial and viral cultures take seven to ten days to prepare , and even with the newer molecular biology testing techniques it takes three days to get a result .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wang Shin - hwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "three days", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But DR. Chip has developed methods to reduce the sample preparation time , which enables a result to be obtained in only six hours when used in combination with their enterovirus chip .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "only six hours", "entity_type": "time", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the initial results of joint trials by DR. Chip , Chang Gung University and National Cheng Kung University suggest that the chip is over a thousand times more sensitive than traditional test methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "DR. Chip", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "Chang Gung University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "National Cheng Kung University", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 120]}, {"entity": "thousand", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" In addition to enterovirus , we plan to develop chips to detect other infectious diseases such as hepatitis B , hepatitis C and HIV , \" says Wang Shin - hwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wang Shin - hwan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from the enterovirus chip , which is already at the testing stage , the ITRI 's Molecular Biomedical Technology Division is also conducting research and development on biochip applications and technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "the ITRI 's Molecular Biomedical Technology Division", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research program director Pan Chao - chi states that at present they are actively developing a \" fever chip \" with a wide range of applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pan Chao - chi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pan explains that in clinical practice , the causes of fever are difficult to quickly diagnose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" fever chip \" bearing the DNA of common fever - causing viruses and bacteria could be used to determine the cause of the fever and the type of pathogen involved would be a valuable tool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Pan points out that because of the difficulties in substantially reducing the time needed for sample preparation , the usefulness of such a fever chip is still limited , so that it can not yet be widely promoted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where the real money is", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , most applications for biochips are in academic research and the development of new pharmaceutical drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demand for them is growing rapidly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Johnsee Lee says that according to US market research estimates , the worldwide annual consumption of microarray chips is currently around 250,000 ; in two years this is expected to grow to 1.2 million .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "250,000", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "1.2 million", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on a market price per chip of US$ 1,000 , the size of the world market in biochips could grow to US$ 1.2 billion in 2003 , and to US$ 40 billion over the next decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "US$ 1,000", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "US$ 1.2 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "2003", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "US$ 40 billion", "entity_type": "money", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "the next decade", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [156, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus some people have set their sights on the biochip market , and believe that following Taiwan 's success in the semiconductor field , the island could go on to be a major center for contract manufacture of biochips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Be that as it may , the small number of biochip companies so far established in Taiwan still find their market in domestic research establishments and pharmaceuticals manufacturers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although they are also actively developing overseas markets , what interests them most is not biochips per se , nor are they content merely to be contract manufacturers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" The chips are only a tool , and the big money is not in chip sales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What counts is the R&D behind them . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerry Huang , executive vice president of U - Vision Biotech , reveals that U - Vision , which was set up in September 1999 , has signed a contract with the US company Zen - Bio to jointly develop human adipocyte cDNA microarray chips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Huang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "U - Vision Biotech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "U - Vision", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "September 1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "Zen - Bio", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Huang states that research in recent years has revealed that adipocytes ( fat cells ) are active regulators of the energy balance in the body , and play an important role in disorders such as obesity , diabetes , osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "recent years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus it is hoped that research into human adipocytes can help in the search for drugs and other therapies to treat these disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from this , U - Vision is also conducting a one - year bacterial genome project , which aims to map the genome of a certain drug - resistant bacterium as a basis for developing new vaccines and drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "U - Vision", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "one - year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug development", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taiwan Genome Sciences ( TGS ) , which was set up in November 1999 as a joint venture by the Uni-President Enterprises Group , Yuen Foong Yu and Tuntex Groups , only entered the biotechnology fray in April of this year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan Genome Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "TGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "November 1999", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "the Uni-President Enterprises Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 124]}, {"entity": "Yuen Foong Yu", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Tuntex Groups", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "April of this year", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [200, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CEO Andrew Kuo says the investors came to the view that Taiwan needs to develop its biotechnology industries , and therefore they combined their resources to make a long - term investment in the field .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andrew Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TGS 's strategy is to invest in a number of US genome research companies , and to sign technology transfer agreements and chip production contracts with them .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "US", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuo comments that contract production of chips is merely a service activity and a source of income for the company - TGS 's ultimate goal is in doing R&D work to identify gene sequences as targets for developing new drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "TGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kuo states that at present , the number of known target sequences for disease - treating drugs is only around 500 , but as the human genome is mapped out this number can be expected to increase tenfold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kuo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "500", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , TGS has its sights set mainly on doing research into diseases which are especially prevalent in Asia , such as liver and stomach cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Asia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A chip revolution", "entity": [{"entity": "A chip revolution", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the potential uses for biochips go far beyond the medical applications outlined above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dr. Johnsee Lee , who as well as heading up the Biomedical Engineering Center is also general director of Union Chemical Laboratories , a research institute under the ITRI umbrella , says that due to biochips ' advantages of miniaturization , parallelism , speed and the ability to reveal the \" big picture , \" they have a very wide range of applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "the Biomedical Engineering Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 77]}, {"entity": "Union Chemical Laboratories", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 133]}, {"entity": "ITRI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can not only be used as a research tool in biological , medical and pharmaceutical research and development , and as a clinical diagnostic tool for doing health checks , testing for infectious pathogens , screening blood and so on , but they can also find uses in such areas as defense applications , police forensic work , environmental testing and food testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochips come in two main types : the microfluidics chip or \" lab - on - a - chip , \" and the microarray chip or \" DNA chip . \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microfluidics chips bring together biotechnology , microelectronics , micromachining and other technologies to integrate the functions of multiple laboratory instruments onto a single chip in miniaturized form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile on microarray chips , biological molecules such as gene segments , oligonucleotides , proteins or antibodies are bound to the chip surface in an array of tiny spots , and a single chip may carry many tens of thousands of such spots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMEC researcher Pan Chao - chi uses the example of blood screening for a blood bank to illustrate the difference between the two kinds of chips .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Pan Chao - chi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test a blood sample using a microarray chip , the sample must first go through many preparatory steps such as purification , nucleotide extraction , copying , amplification and labeling before being put onto the chip where the \" hybridization \" reaction takes place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the results are analyzed using a detection system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence these chips are only suitable for use in the laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , with a lab - on - a - chip system , all the laboratory preparation stages will be done on the chip itself , so that the user need only place a drop of blood directly onto the chip to obtain a result .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , microfluidics technology is not yet mature , and no such chips have been launched as commercial products anywhere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , says Pan Chao - chih : \" This is the way future biochip development will go . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Pan Chao - chih", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [11, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poor man 's chip", "entity": [{"entity": "The poor man 's chip", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future prospects also seem infinite for microarray chips , which are already widely used in laboratories and research establishments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jerry Huang notes that DNA chips are an indispensable research tool in molecular biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jerry Huang", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On one little biochip , tens of thousands of gene segments can be arranged to simultaneously detect the expression of tens of thousands of genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "one", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "tens of thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "tens of thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [118, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , whereas in the past researchers had to investigate each gene individually , today , using biochips , they can obtain test results for tens of thousands of genes at once .", "entity": [{"entity": "tens of thousands", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [151, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , biochips not only can speed the pace of research , but can also replace laboratory animals such as rats and rabbits in many experiments , with tests being carried out directly on human genes on the chip .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus as research tools biochips are not only convenient and quick , but also more humane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dr. Konan Peck , an assistant research fellow at Academia Sinica 's Institute of Biomedical Sciences ( IBMS ) , says that biochips need to be made more widely available as a molecular biology research tool .", "entity": [{"entity": "Konan Peck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Academia Sinica 's Institute of Biomedical Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 100]}, {"entity": "IBMS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this in mind , Peck has developed nylon - based biochips which have been called \" the poor man 's biochip , \" since they cost a third less than glass chips .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "a third", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from the material itself being cheaper , the nylon chips use a visible - spectrum colorimetric system to display results , so that they can be read using an ordinary optical scanner , which costs 50 - 70 % less than using a special laser detector .", "entity": [{"entity": "50 - 70 %", "entity_type": "percent", "pos": [202, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nylon membrane biochips currently produced by TGS and U - Vision Biotech are all derived from the technology developed by Konan Peck .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "U - Vision Biotech", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Konan Peck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutting edge", "entity": [{"entity": "Cutting edge", "entity_type": "work of art", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can Taiwan really repeat its success in the semiconductor industry , to become a major production center for biochips ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMEC director Johnsee Lee observes that the level of scientific and technical know - how required for biochip production is very high , so that the opportunities for contract manufacture are limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to Taiwan 's early entry into biochip research and development , and the high state of development of its semiconductor industry , the island is well supplied with relevant technology and skills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , says Lee , \" Taiwan should have opportunities to enter this field not merely as a contract manufacturer . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "Taiwan", "entity_type": "geographical social political", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential and importance of biochips is plain to see , but in this new , interdisciplinary industry , there are still many obstacles and difficulties to overcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from the fact that the technology is not yet mature , and that generally accepted , mutually compatible international standards have not yet emerged , the biggest bottleneck for biochips at the moment is the many thousands of patents which have been taken out in the field , which limit the avenues available to each player .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Because this area is a patents minefield , it 's impossible to create a product which from start to finish does n't infringe on anyone else 's patents , \" says Johnsee Lee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In his view , this problem may be resolved in the future by the exchange of patented technologies between players .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other words , at this stage companies must actively carry out research and development , and obtain international patents , in order to have bargaining chips in future negotiations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , the BMEC has over 10 patents pending in the areas of microfluidics biochips , chip surface processing technology and probe design and applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "10", "entity_type": "cardinal", "pos": [31, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pushing the envelope", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although at their present stage of development , biochips are already a great help to researchers , they are still far removed from ordinary people 's lives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But one day they will play an important role in all our lives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Applications and commercialization are our goal , \" says Johnsee Lee .", "entity": [{"entity": "Johnsee Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He says that only if research results are commercialized does research produce an economic payback .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equally , to have a really broad market biochips need to go beyond the laboratory researcher , and into hospitals , clinics and homes , and to individual users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lee points out that before biochips will be worth commercializing , sample preparation needs to be made convenient , reading results must be simple and easy , the chips ' speed and accuracy must be high , and their cost must be low .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lee", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He predicts that in one to two years , biochips will be suitable for use in supplemental tests , and after around three years for high - throughput screening ; in five years time it should be possible to develop them into general screening tools which will be as easy to use as the pregnancy test kits on the market today .", "entity": [{"entity": "one to two years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "around three years", "entity_type": "date", "pos": [107, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IBMS associate research fellow Konan Peck agrees that in the foreseeable future , diagnostic chips will enable everyone to learn their current state of health and know what diseases they may develop in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "IBMS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Konan Peck", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But in a situation where testing technology is ahead of medical treatment technology , the medical problems so discovered may not be treatable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mankind is always challenging his limits , and when , in the near future , biochips lift the veil of many diseases , the next challenge will have only just begun .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{}
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+{"text": "Phenotypic analysis demonstrates that trio and Abl cooperate in regulating axon outgrowth in the embryonic central nervous system ( CNS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "trio", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "Abl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the cervical enlargement they were located in the middle part of lamina VII and in lamina VIII , accounting for about 25 % of the total labeled neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured electromyograms ( EMG ) of the alae nasi to determine the relationship between their activity and timing to contraction of the rib cage muscles and diaphragm during obstructive apnea in nine patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case control study ( 1 : 2 ) of 182 pairs of Hepatitis A was carried out in Weng - ling Zhe - jiang during April 1988 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of shock , sepsis , or other identifiable causes of lactic acidosis , the severe anemia ( hemoglobin 1 . 2 g / dl ) appeared to be the primary etiologic factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the precise function of DNA - PK in DNA double - strand break repair is not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA - PK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The COR biosynthetic gene cluster in P . syringae pv . glycinea PG4180 is encoded by a 32 - kb region which contains both the structural and regulatory genes needed for COR synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "COR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "COR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substitution of cholinergic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer type dementia ( AD / SDAT ) has hitherto not been very successful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FEurea was also measured during stable graft function , 7 - 14 days prior to allograft dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms by which parasite development might be controlled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , basal MAPK , but not Raf - 1 , activity was constitutively enhanced in Jak1 - deficient HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Raf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand hypokalemia , induced by diuretics , may also be accompanied by a significant depletion of total body K , bringing about more general consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present here the complete primary structure of human gp330 , the human variant of the principal kidney autoantigen causing Heymann membranous glomerulonephritis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "human gp330", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of deletion mutants was expressed transiently in two human hepatocytes , HepG2 and PLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright 2000 Academic Press .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No patient demonstrated a decrease in bone marrow fibrosis as determined by serial procollagen ( PC III ) serum level analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "procollagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "PC III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In four calves given Haemonchus contortus larvae , the serum pepsinogen concentration rose quickly to reach a mean of 3 . 5 iu tyrosine on day 14 after infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum pepsinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The P - ITIM - compelled multi - phosphoprotein complex binds to and activates SHP - 2 , which in turn dephosphorylates SHIP and Shc and probably other substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - ITIM - compelled multi - phosphoprotein complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 55]}, {"entity": "SHP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "SHIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paradoxically , loop 3i from the M1Ach - muscarinic receptor also maximally inhibited GnRH agonist - stimulated cAMP accumulation and PRL release by 40 % ( both effects mediated through activation of the Gs protein ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "M1Ach - muscarinic receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 60]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Gs protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility - shift assays with nuclear extracts from COS - 1 cells transfected with expression vectors for SMADs 1 - 5 indicate that SMAD3 forms a complex with a migration similar to that of the endogenous TGF - beta - specific complex observed in fibroblast extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMADs 1 - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "SMAD3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "endogenous TGF - beta - specific complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligomers corresponding to the region of the mlc - 1 / 3 enhancer , which encompasses this conserved sequence , bound MEF - 2 and competed for its binding to the mck enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "mlc - 1 / 3 enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "MEF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "mck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cDNA cloning and transcriptional properties of a novel GC box - binding protein , BTEB2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GC box - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 79]}, {"entity": "BTEB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N0 disease is more favorable than N1 or N2 disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elimination of brush border as well as of glomerular marker proteins was significantly lower after intravenous injection of low - osmolar CM iopamidol 370 ( 832 mOsm / kg ) than after meglumine diatrizoate 76 ( 2100 mOsm / kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall graft and patient survival after HAT were 33 . 3 % and 75 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 81 girls cured from the bacteriuria 24 recurred , 5 with a symptomatic pyelonephritis and 3 with cystitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial hepatectomy in metastatic Wilms ' tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRS allowed the differentiation of the following metabolites in 5 patients : N - acetyl - aspartate ( NAA ) , creatine and phosphocreatine , phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine , beta - and gamma - glutamate ( GLU ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma prolactin in patients with colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of fetal maturity", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of the rate of recovery and time for detection of mycobacteria from clinical specimens of the newly developed Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube ( MGIT ) , the biphasic Septi - Chek , and the egg - based Ogawa medium was made .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E2A - HLF - mediated cell transformation requires both the trans - activation domains of E2A and the leucine zipper dimerization domain of HLF .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HLF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "E2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "HLF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In transient transfections using luciferase reporter genes driven by 1 kb of the 5 ' flanking DNA of the three CALM genes , the promoter activity correlated with the endogenous CALM transcriptional activity , but only when the 5 ' untranslated regions were included in the constructs .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase reporter genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 58]}, {"entity": "CALM genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "endogenous CALM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , several health behaviors were investigated in relation to maintaining mobility during 4 years of follow - up among 6 , 981 men and women aged 65 years and older with intact mobility at baseline between 1981 and 1983 who lived in one of three communities : East Boston , Massachusetts ; Iowa and Washington counties , Iowa ; and New Haven , Connecticut .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of ZAP - 70 to phospho - TAMs is notable for the high level of cooperativity between the two SH2 domains , which individually demonstrate low affinity interaction with the ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZAP - 70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional echocardiographic parasternal long - and short - axis views were obtained during graded bleeding by rapid withdrawal of blood from an arterial cannula , with increments of 5 % each up to 30 % of calculated blood volume .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative analyses indicate that the 5 ' - peripheral domain exhibits a 75 - bp length polymorphism near sequences associated with the termination of the H - strand replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - five pts were transplanted for constitutional disease : Fanconi anemia ( FA ) ( 26 pts ) , Dyskeratosis congenita ( 2 pts ) , Blackfan - Diamond erythroblastopenia ( 2 pts ) , Glanzmann thrombasthenia ( 1 pt ) , osteopetrosis ( 1 pt ) and Gaucher ' s disease ( 1 pt ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient exhibited a non - sense mutation ( codon 388 ) , which changed a glutamine codon ( CAG ) to a stop codon ( TAG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the same approach we have shown that hFIRE binds the stimulatory proteins Sp1 and Sp3 in addition to CBF .", "entity": [{"entity": "hFIRE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "Sp3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "CBF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular fractionation and Percoll gradient centrifugation combined with immunoblotting show that p67 cofractionates with nuclei and is enriched in resistant structure that is insoluble in 2 M NaCl , 25 mM lithium 3 , 5 ' - diiodosalicylate , and 1 % Triton but is soluble in 8 M urea .", "entity": [{"entity": "p67", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression is in part controlled by chromatin remodeling factors and the acetylation state of nucleosomal histones .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosomal histones", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corticosteroid treatment before , during , or after fludarabine treatment in patients with alkylator - resistant , low - grade lymphoid malignancies who have not received PCP prophylaxis is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic pulmonary infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that several genes associated with NHEJ perform essential functions in the repair of endonuclease - induced DSBs in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary structure of cholesterol esterase displayed no significant homology with other lipases , although the putative lipid interfacial recognition site of G - X - S - X - G is present in the cholesterol esterase sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol esterase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "lipases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "cholesterol esterase sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subtype - and response element - dependent differences in transactivation by peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors alpha and gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors alpha and gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monoclonal antibodies to the hapten phenyloxazolone were raised 7 days after immunization in mice of six strains ( BALB / c , C57BL - Igha , DBA2 , RF , A / J , and CE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PMA produced similar results , but the induction of the WT AP1 c - jun promoter - CAT plasmid was smaller .", "entity": [{"entity": "WT AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "c - jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the QT duration was higher ( p = 0 . 0001 ) at night , the beat - to - beat variability of this interval was lower : in the time domain ( decreased standard deviation , p = 0 . 0005 ) , in the frequency domain ( decreased low - frequency power of the spectra , p = 0 . 004 ) , and the chaotic domain ( tighter clustering of the points in the Poincare plots ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Student health", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both study stages . post - exposure treatment consisted of five injections of vaccine [ ( D ) ays 0 , 3 , 7 , 14 , 28 ] , together with a dose of rabies immunoglobulin ( RIG ) of equine or human origin on D0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabies immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 170]}, {"entity": "RIG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Essential fatty acid deficiency in childhood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have earlier proposed that CG rich sequences resembling CpG islands , which are associated with many imprinted genes and often subject to parental - specific methylation , could act as a common imprinting element .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility - shift assays showed a rapid induction of nuclear proteins that bound to the consensus kappa B motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "consensus kappa B motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thalamic SD was regularly triggered by short ( 0 . 02 - 0 . 05 s ) high - frequency ( 200 - 500 Hz ) ES of the parietal cortical surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in IncP alpha plasmids , these operons are transcribed from a bidirectional promoter region consisting of trfAp for the trfA operon and trbAp and trbBp for the trb operon .", "entity": [{"entity": "trfAp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "trfA operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "trbAp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "trbBp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 154]}, {"entity": "trb operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the encoded ERCC3Dm protein with the homologous proteins of mouse and man shows a strong amino acid conservation ( 71 % identity ) , especially in the postulated DNA binding region and seven ' helicase ' domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "ERCC3Dm protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "' helicase ' domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic analysis places CWH43 upstream of the BCK2 branch of the PKC1 signalling pathway , since cwh43 mutations were synthetic lethal with pkc1 deletion , whereas the cwh43 defects could be rescued by overexpression of BCK2 and not by high - copy - number expression of genes encoding downstream proteins of the PKC1 pathway However , unlike BCK2 , whose disruption in a cln3 mutant resulted in growth arrest in G ( 1 ) , no growth defect was observed in a double cwh43 cln3 mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "CWH43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "BCK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "PKC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "cwh43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "pkc1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "cwh43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "BCK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 224]}, {"entity": "PKC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 317]}, {"entity": "BCK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [343, 347]}, {"entity": "cln3 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [372, 383]}, {"entity": "cwh43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [465, 470]}, {"entity": "cln3 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [471, 483]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the E2 protein resulted in rapid repression of HPV E6 and E7 expression , followed approximately 12 h later by profound inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "HPV E6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peak reactive hyperemia ( mL . min - 1 . 100 mL - 1 ) was determined in the calf and forearm immediately before and after 12 weeks of training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hematopoietic form of PTPN6 transcript is initiated at a downstream promoter separated by 7 kb from the first .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTPN6 transcript", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of biliary sphincter spasm with low dose glucagon during operative cholangiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucagon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ten other endotoxin - albumin - treated pigs PGE1 infusion ( 0 . 25 micrograms X kg - 1 X min - 1 ) was begun after established pulmonary and cardiovascular dysfunction , for closer mimicking of clinical use .", "entity": [{"entity": "albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , MF males receiving either a 5 . 0 - mg / kg CDP dose or a 3 . 0 - mg / kg RO dose explored the object more often than MM males . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single HD session using cellulose triacetate or polysulfone membrane significantly increased water content both at forearm and lower leg ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the yeast two - hybrid assays , PNRC interacted with the orphan receptors SF1 and ERRalpha1 in a ligand - independent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNRC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "SF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "ERRalpha1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we will review our evaluation of the survival rate and prognostic factors for 9 , 262 patients from 1981 to 1996 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kaposi ' s eruptive disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were subjected to analysis of 23 autopsies carried out in children dying of intoxication with Amanita phalloides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopic examination of these colonies showed a high percentage of histiocytes identical to those seen in the patient ' s bone marrow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusion epidemic models with incubation and crisscross dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional genetic analyses described herein suggest that Skb1 is a component of the morphology control branch of the Ras signaling cascade in S . pombe and that it positively modulates Shk1 function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skb1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "Shk1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient transfection assays indicated that the ( - 4551 ) UCP1 - CAT construct , containing the 5 ' - regulatory region of the rat ucp - 1 gene , was activated by PPARalpha co - transfection in a dose - dependent manner and this activation was potentiated by Wy 14 , 643 and retinoid X receptor alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "rat ucp - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 145]}, {"entity": "PPARalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "retinoid X receptor alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [277, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRKL , an SH2 - SH3 - SH3 adapter protein , is one of the major tyrosine phosphoproteins detected in primary leukemic neutrophils from patients with CML .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRKL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "SH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "tyrosine phosphoproteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Idealized versus realized overall treatment times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum C3 was measured in 1 , 282 school children with abnormal urinary findings between 1980 and 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum C3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tc - 99m HMPAO brain SPECT compared to CT and EEG after seizures in childhood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adenovirus E1B 19 , 000 - molecular - weight ( 19K ) protein is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis and cooperates with E1A to transform primary rodent cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenovirus E1B 19 , 000 - molecular - weight ( 19K ) protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 64]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subclones of R15 which reverted to kappa light chain production contained genomic deletions of R15ns and / or the surrounding intron .", "entity": [{"entity": "kappa light chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous data suggested a subtle increase in serum P at the time of hCG injection without LH surge reduces the PR of women having oocyte retrievals for IVF ; this study compared PRs of recipients in a shared oocyte program according to the donors ' pre - hCG P level .", "entity": [{"entity": "hCG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "pre - hCG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [249, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scleraxis overexpression enhanced expression of the aggrecan gene , which is not normally expressed at high levels in these osteoblastic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scleraxis", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "aggrecan gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Region - specific enhancers near two mammalian homeo box genes define adjacent rostrocaudal domains in the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian homeo box genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were cotransfected with this plasmid , and the appropriate responder plasmids and clonies were selected on the basis of their resistance to Geneticin ( via the neomycin aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neomycin aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clone cDNAs for the beta subunit of rabbit eIF - 2B , amino acid sequence data was first obtained and used to design redundant oligonucleotide primers for use in PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "rabbit eIF - 2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion analysis of the 3 . 5kb DNA fragment revealed that the region between - 125 to + 1 , containing a single Sp1 binding site , is essential for transcription of the embigin gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "embigin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 29 . 425 kb segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome XV contains more than twice as many unknown as known open reading frames .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying a sufficiently strong crusher gradient in the EPI pulse sequence , the temporal variation induced by SSFP disturbance can be suppressed due to diffusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cdc42W97R temperature - sensitive allele in S . cerevisiae displayed the same cell - division - cycle arrest phenotype ( large , round unbudded cells ) as the cdc42 - 1ts mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "cdc42W97R temperature - sensitive allele", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 44]}, {"entity": "cdc42 - 1ts mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wolf - Hirschhorn syndrome ( WHS ) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4 ( 4p16 . 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this question with respect to skeletal muscle , we have examined the effects of the Providence mutation in cultured muscle cells , after adoptive gene transfer to adult mice , and in two infants homozygous for spectrin Providence .", "entity": [{"entity": "spectrin Providence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenovirus - mediated gene transfer of MMAC1 / PTEN to glioblastoma cells inhibits S phase entry by the recruitment of p27Kip1 into cyclin E / CDK2 complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMAC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "PTEN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "p27Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "CDK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing insulin sensitivity in type I diabetic patients should alert clinicians to the possibility of glucocorticoid deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiment B : Clinical , biochemical , and histological variables were measured over a 12 - day period after the zymosan had been given .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lesions of this kind resemble those in vitamin A - deficient chickens and are the first to be induced by excess vitamin E .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblotting using a phosphospecific anti - Src ( 416Y ) antibody showed a ceramide - induced increase in pp60 ( src ) tyrosine phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphospecific anti - Src ( 416Y ) antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 67]}, {"entity": "pp60", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spinophilin , a novel protein phosphatase 1 binding protein localized to dendritic spines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spinophilin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "protein phosphatase 1 binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Htf9 - a gene encodes the RanBP1 protein , a major partner of the Ran GTPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Htf9 - a gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "RanBP1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "Ran GTPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane extraction has been interfaced with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for the analysis of volatile organics in water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have produced the Ure2 protein to high yield in Escherichia coli from a synthetic gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ure2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triethylene glycol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SM - specific selection of exon 2 results from the inhibition of exon 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimobranchial body and parathyroid glands of the freshwater snake Natrix piscator in response to vitamin D3 administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the p16 - mediated G1 block , G1 arrest mediated by the cdk inhibitors p21Cip1 or p27Kip1 cannot be bypassed either by inactivation of pRb or overexpression of E2F family members .", "entity": [{"entity": "p16", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "cdk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "p21Cip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "p27Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "pRb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "E2F family members", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 80 % appropriate lever responding was established after 27 , 38 and 44 daily training sessions with DN - 2327 , diazepam and PTZ , respectively , as the training drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we have investigated the effects of SDZ ENA 713 on spatial learning deficits in aged rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective analysis of data accumulated over a 21 - month period , from December 1989 to September 1991 , regarding investigational use of a 308 nanometer Xenon Chloride Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty ( ELCA ) system ( Advanced Interventional Systems , Inc . , Irvine , CA ) was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon increasing the Marangoni number beyond this threshold , the initially stationary flow becomes quickly time dependent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation on the asymmetrical induced yields in 90Sr - 90Y - beta - irradiated D - and L - alanines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the major transcripts encodes MEQ , a 339 - amino - acid bZIP protein which is homologous to the Jun / Fos family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEQ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "bZIP protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given a rapid induction of Egr - 1 on stimulation with growth factors or injury , these findings may represent at least one of the molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic modulation of smooth muscles after vascular injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egr - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An identical polypeptide was detected by Western blot analysis of K1F virions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictive value of the remotely sensed map based on NDVI data appears to be better than that from forecast indices based only on climatic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of vitamin B1 , B2 and B6 are found to be 9 . 96 , 9 . 92 and 3 . 01 mg , respectively in 240 mg of capsule powder of a standard company ( name has not been disclosed due to secrecy purpose ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that the human cell MRC closely resembles the murine cell MRC , in both its protein composition and its fractionation and chromatographic profile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Red blood cell binding of 99mTc - EC and 131I - OIH was 6 . 1 % and 20 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a 68 - kilodalton nuclear ATP - binding phosphoprotein encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "68 - kilodalton nuclear ATP - binding phosphoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify the GRK6 homologue on chromsome 13 , several sets of closely - spaced primers were designed based on the GRK6 cDNA sequence and then used to amplify human genomic DNA by PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRK6 homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "GRK6 cDNA sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the burst period ( approximately 5 - 10 min ) , local blood H2O2 concentrations and xanthine oxidase activities were highly correlated ( r = 0 . 999 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthine oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutant also functions in vivo as a trans - acting dominant negative regulator : the transcriptional inducibility of the HIV long terminal repeat ( which contains two potential NF - kappa B binding sites ) by phorbol ester ( PMA ) is inhibited when it is co - transfected into CD4 + T cells with the delta SP mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 149]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 207]}, {"entity": "CD4 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the WRM - 1 protein binds to LIT - 1 in vivo and that WRM - 1 can activate the LIT - 1 protein kinase when coexpressed in vertebrate tissue culture cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "WRM - 1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "LIT - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "WRM - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "LIT - 1 protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the safety of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril a multicenter , open , randomized , prazosin - controlled trial was designed comparing the incidence and severity of symptomatic hypotension on the first day of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin converting enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutating bases - 142 to - 151 abolishes formation of complex VII and partially inhibits complex IV , suggesting that the proteins forming these complexes bind neighboring segments of DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we report the cloning and sequencing of several overlapping cDNAs encoding approximately 4 . 1 kb of the human homologue of Wnt - 5A .", "entity": [{"entity": "human homologue of Wnt - 5A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We provided evidence that CaM kinase II played a role in regulating neurite outgrowth and growth cone motility in these cells , and that the autophosphorylation is essential for the kinase to sufficiently exert its cellular function in vivo [ Y .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaM kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that GCD7 and GCD2 play important roles in the regulatory interaction between eIF - 2 and eIF - 2B and that the suppressor mutations we isolated in these genes decrease the susceptibility of eIF - 2B to the inhibitory effects of phosphorylated eIF - 2 without impairing the essential catalytic function of eIF - 2B in translation initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCD7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "GCD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 262]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [317, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we demonstrate that in myeloid and B cell extracts , PU . 1 forms a novel , specific , more slowly migrating complex ( PU - SF ) when binding the GM - CSF receptor alpha promoter PU . 1 site .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "PU - SF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "GM - CSF receptor alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 183]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiserum used for immunoblotting specifically supershifts uteroglobin promoter - protein complexes in gel shift experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "uteroglobin promoter - protein complexes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma LH and progesterone levels after single or multiple injections of synthetic LH - RH in anoestrous ewes and comparison with levels during the oestrous cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "RH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble recombinant RI and soluble recombinant C alpha can associate in vitro and be activated by cyclic AMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "RI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "C alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have isolated and structurally characterized genomic DNA and cDNA sequences encoding ribulose - 1 , 5 - bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase ( Rbu - P2 carboxylase ) activase from barley ( Hordeum vulgare L . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribulose - 1 , 5 - bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase ( Rbu - P2 carboxylase ) activase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokine inducibility of VCAM1 in endothelial cells utilizes the interaction of heterodimeric p50 / p65 proteins with IRF - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCAM1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "p65", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "IRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cases with terminal forces of left ventricular activation in the same direction as the delta wave , superiorly and to the left at - 60 degrees or inferiorly and to the right at + 120 degrees , forming a single deflection of over 0 , 12 seconds ' duration , are the result of delayed activation of the anterior or posterior fascicle of the left bundle after a long delay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a chromosomal cosmid library of Streptomyces argillaceus , a Mtm producer , a clone ( cosAR7 ) was isolated by homology to the actI / III region of S . coelicolor and the strDEM genes of S . griseus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mtm", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "actI / III region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "strDEM genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 31 - year - old man with primary myelofibrosis initially received low dose Ara C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The factors defective in groups A ( CIITA ) , C ( RFX5 ) and D ( RFXAP ) have been identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIITA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "RFX5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "RFXAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manifestation of superfluidity in an evolving bose - einstein condensed Gas We study the generation of excitations due to an \" impurity \" ( static perturbation ) placed into an oscillating Bose - Einstein condensed gas in the time - dependent trapping field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By sequencing of exonuclease III deletion clones an open reading frame of 405 nucleotides was found coding for a protein of 135 amino acids with a molecular mass of 15 kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "exonuclease III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The c - raf - 1 proto - oncogene is the cellular homologue of v - raf , the oncogene of the acutely transforming retrovirus 3611 - MSV .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - raf - 1 proto - oncogene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "cellular homologue of v - raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the genomic organization of the mouse orphan receptor related to tyrosine kinases ( Ryk ) , a structurally unclassified member of the growth factor receptor family .", "entity": [{"entity": "orphan receptor related to tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 91]}, {"entity": "Ryk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "growth factor receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility - shift assays between viral RNA and BMV CP peptides with either proline or alanine substitutions revealed that the interaction is nonspecific .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMV CP peptides", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we detect hCoch - 5B2 on three overlapping YACs , two of which also contain one of the markers linked to DFNA9 . mCoch - 5B2 was genetically mapped in the mouse to chromosome 12 , in a region of homologous synteny with human 14q11 . 2 - q13 , which contains the asp1 ( audiogenic seizure prone ) locus in the mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "hCoch - 5B2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "DFNA9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "mCoch - 5B2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "asp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [276, 280]}, {"entity": "audiogenic seizure prone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [283, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reasons are given for suggesting that tiapamil warrants further clinical evaluation , after which it may join the more established calcium antagonists as a valuable therapeutic agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathologic studies displaying spongiform changes in the gray matter , neuronal loss , and atrogliosis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current body size ( wt / ht2 ) was significantly associated with life - time weight dissatisfaction in both sexes ( P less than 0 . 0005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results are consistent with TCOF1 mutations leading to the Treacher Collins syndrome phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCOF1 mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mannich bases of vanillin oxime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its activity was twice that of a construct where the CAT gene was driven by the H - 2Kb 5 ' enhancer region ( H2TF1 / KBF1 site ) and comparable to that of pRSVCAT construct carrying the strong Rous sarcoma virus LTR enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "H - 2Kb 5 ' enhancer region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 107]}, {"entity": "H2TF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "KBF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "construct carrying the strong Rous sarcoma virus LTR enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings imply that the spinal cord is not a simple command - carrying medium from the brain to the limbs , and implies that some computational activities take place at the spinal cord level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dipper ( RONF of BP ( or HR ) > or = 10 % 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute spontaneous subdural haematoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsuicidal mortality in late - life depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DSS4 - 1 is a dominant suppressor of sec4 - 8 that encodes a nucleotide exchange protein that aids Sec4p function .", "entity": [{"entity": "DSS4 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "sec4 - 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "Sec4p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study of characteristics in adult asthmatics who are sensitized by cats and dogs allergens", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The failure suggests that these assembly competent but complementation - negative alpha mutants lack an as yet unidentified function ( s ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ciprofloxacin levels in serum and blister fluid at the end of the dosing interval ( 8 h ) were superior or almost superior to MICs for sensitive organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both peptides 1 - 49 and 63 - 87 bound to PDE alpha / beta in a solid - phase binding assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDE alpha / beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : A private office - based fertility program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that direct enantiomeric separation of mephenytoin was obtained by using a chiral capillary column , the retention times for S - and R - mephenytoin were 25 . 5 and 26 . 2 min respectively , with a detection limit less than 50 ng / ml of mephenytoin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consensus mammalian ER stress response element ( ERSE ) conserved among grp promoters consists of a tripartite structure CCAAT ( N9 ) CCACG , with N being a strikingly GC - rich region of 9 bp .", "entity": [{"entity": "grp promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we find that the BMI1 protein can also interact with itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMI1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that certain of the nuclear protein import functions of NTF2 and Ran / TC4 are closely linked and that NTF2 may serve to modulate a transport step involving Ran / TC4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NTF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "Ran", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "TC4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "NTF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "Ran", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "TC4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis indicates that a gene correction mechanism has been operating on the Hbbs chromosome to keep beta s and beta t evolving in concert , whereas on the Hbbd chromosome , beta dmin has diverged considerably from beta dmaj .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hbbs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "beta s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "beta t", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "Hbbd", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "beta dmin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "beta dmaj", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prosomal RNA - binding protein p27K is a member of the alpha - type human prosomal gene family .", "entity": [{"entity": "prosomal RNA - binding protein p27K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 39]}, {"entity": "alpha - type human prosomal gene family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because controlled - release niacin seems to be more potent than crystalline niacin , product substitution without dose adjustment should be avoided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the gene encoding transcription factor cyclic adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate ( cAMP ) response element - binding protein ( CREB ) : regulation by follicle - stimulating hormone - induced cAMP signaling in primary rat Sertoli cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor cyclic adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate ( cAMP ) response element - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 139]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "follicle - stimulating hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of membrane and centrifugation plasmapheresis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Number of warm - units with higher rates of firing and greater thermal coefficients , comparable to those of warm - units in the adult , gradually increased with growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on the pattern and time course of O2 uptake ( VO2 ) following the transition from rest to exercise , six patients and six healthy subjects performed cycle exercise at an average work rate ( WR ) of 18 and 20 W respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "88 , 3739 - 3743 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHIEF OUTCOME MEASURES : Endoluminal release of prostacyclin ( 6 - Keto - PGF1 alpha ) and thromboxane B2 ( TxB2 ) , patency , EC coverage and cell identity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated systolic blood pressure and high postglucose serum insulin levels showed an independent , significant association with left ventricular mass in female diabetic subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seasonal variation of the cadmium content of Murex trunculus in a non - cadmium polluted environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total area under the blood glucose curve over the initial value was not altered 2 h after treatment with SH B 209 AB or Neogynon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum IgM levels showed a highly significant increase in all types of brain tumour when compared to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the characterization of cDNAs encoding two unusual E2Fs , E2F - 4 and E2F - 5 , each identified by the ability of their gene product to interact with p130 in a yeast two - hybrid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2Fs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "E2F - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "E2F - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "p130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultra - energy ( UHE ) imaging is usually performed in simultaneous F - 18 FDG / Tc - 99m MIBI studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , electron microscopy revealed that while sec4 mutant cells accumulate secretory vesicles , ypt31 / 32 mutant cells accumulate aberrant Golgi structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "sec4 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "ypt31 / 32 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Grap is associated with a Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor mSos1 , primarily through its N - terminal SH3 domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grap", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 78]}, {"entity": "mSos1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "N - terminal SH3 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation of nitrogen , carbohydrate and lipid metabolic indices in rats cooled under conditions of an altered gaseous environment", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfer of F - like plasmids is regulated by the FinOP system , which controls the expression of traJ , a positive regulator of the transfer operon .", "entity": [{"entity": "FinOP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "traJ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This regimen may be considered front - line therapy when autologous stem cell transplantation is not feasible and when a rapid response is particularly important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate this issue , we used a recognition task in which two strings of letters are presented sequentially .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison to the murine homologues of these molecules reveals a high degree of conservation between the products of one of these genes , Fc gamma RIIb , and the murine beta gene in primary sequence , splicing pattern , and tissue distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fc gamma RIIb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 151]}, {"entity": "murine beta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rabbit antiserum raised against a unique ( V3 domain ) bacterially expressed PKC theta fragment immunoprecipitated specifically an 82 - kDa protein from Jurkat cell lysates .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC theta fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes persisted during the first week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hematological parameters ( leukocyte , neutrophil and platelet counts ) and liver function tests were determined by standard procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1993 ) 8 , 94 - 99 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of betamethasone on duodenal calcium absorption and 1 , 25 - dihydroxy vitamin D3 production in the chick .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphate compounds in isolated , perfused hearts during pH variation due to changes in extracellular PCO2 and bicarbonate", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on a case discovered in a 13 year - old girl presenting with anaemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although analysis of the similarity between the 44 - kDa protein and the E . coli RecA protein did not show any significant homology between them , it revealed their identity by five amino - acid residues involved in the formation of the epitope that recognized the paratope of the RecA protein antibody for subsequent epitope - paratope binding of these proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "E . coli RecA protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 94]}, {"entity": "RecA protein antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [282, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would seem that caution should be exercised in using HPL values as an index of placental function in anaemic women .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No IORT related mortality has been observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a tonB - phoA gene fusion suggests that the amino - terminal 41 amino acids of TonB are sufficient to promote export of the fusion protein and presumably TonB as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "phoA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "TonB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "TonB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a unique protein component of yeast RNase MRP : an RNA - binding protein with a zinc - cluster domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast RNase MRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This raises the possibility that recombination occurred between corresponding LTR and vif loci of the quasi - species present in the isolates described here .", "entity": [{"entity": "vif loci", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antihypertensive action corresponds to those of established diuretics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are discussed in relation to predicted isoform L diversity across human tissues and cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the healing tendons , the rate of collagen synthesis decreased and the rate of noncollagen protein synthesis remained unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) is a ligand - activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of several drug - metabolizing enzymes and has been implicated in immunosuppression , teratogenesis , cell - specific hyperplasia , and certain types of malignancies and toxicities .", "entity": [{"entity": "aromatic hydrocarbon receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 33]}, {"entity": "AHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluctuations of the measured ECF energy - related substances corresponded to various clinical events presumably involving hypoxia / ischemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 months of intervention , sustained physical training was associated with the decrease of FVII and PAI - 1 levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "FVII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "PAI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metalloproteinase mediating Met cleavage was specifically inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) - 3 , but not by TIMP - 1 or TIMP - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "metalloproteinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( TIMP ) - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 130]}, {"entity": "TIMP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "TIMP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This constant expression profile , coupled with the observation that over - expression of mSin3A does not augment the anti - Myc activity of Mxi1 - SR in the rat embryo fibroblast ( REF ) transformation assay , suggests that mSin3A is not a limiting factor in the regulation of Myc superfamily function .", "entity": [{"entity": "mSin3A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "anti - Myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "Mxi1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 145]}, {"entity": "mSin3A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [225, 231]}, {"entity": "Myc superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [278, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : The effect of prolonged nitrate therapy between 2 days and 6 weeks during healing after infarction on serial parameters of ventricular remodeling ( scar expansion , scar thinning , ventricular dilation , and hypertrophy ) and function ( asynergy or akinesis plus dyskinesis and ejection fraction ) by serial two - dimensional echocardiography , hemodynamics , postmortem topography ( computerized planimetry , geometric maps , and radiographs ) , and collagen content ( hydroxyproline ) was studied in 64 instrumented dogs randomized 2 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to various nitrate regimens ( n = 32 ) over the first 2 weeks ( subgroup 1 : 2 % transdermal nitroglycerin at 8 AM and 4 PM , n = 6 ; subgroup 2 : 2 % transdermal nitroglycerin plus 2 . 6 mg of sustained - release oral nitroglycerin at 8 AM , 3 PM , and 10 PM , n = 5 ; subgroup 3 : oral isosorbide dinitrate , 30 mg at 8 AM and 4 PM , n = 11 ) or 6 weeks ( subgroup 4 : isosorbide dinitrate , n = 10 ) and in matching controls ( n = 32 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [473, 481]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nationwide survey uncovered a tenfold variation between counties in the prescribing of IFNB .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFNB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have demonstrated that a putative HOX cofactor , PBX1A , participates in cooperative DNA binding with HOXA - 1 and the Deformed group protein HOXD - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HOX cofactor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "PBX1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "HOXA - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Deformed", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "HOXD - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS - - 261 patients were enrolled into this study ; of these , 138 ( 53 % ) patients attended for repeat colposcopy and cytology at one year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found that pro - IGF - 2 can initially form two disulfide isomers that undergo rearrangement to a single conformation in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "pro - IGF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , primate vs . rodent promoter selectivity mediated by the TBP - TAFI complex is likely to be the result of cumulative subtle differences between individual subunits that lead to species - specific properties of RNA polymerase I transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "TAFI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - Jo - 1 antibody was not present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti - Jo - 1 antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure and expression of the murine gene encoding granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor : evidence for utilisation of alternative promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine gene encoding granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotransfection of pINV - 2473 , a construct containing 2473 base pairs of hINV upstream sequence linked to luciferase , with POU homeodomain transcription factors Oct1 , Oct2 , Brn4 , SCIP , Skn1a or Skn1i , results in a strong suppression of basal promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hINV upstream sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 96]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "POU homeodomain transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 162]}, {"entity": "Oct1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "Oct2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 174]}, {"entity": "Brn4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "SCIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "Skn1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 196]}, {"entity": "Skn1i", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central treatment unit saves nurses , adds income , improves care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Grb2 SH3 ( C ) binding region of Gab1 has significant homology to a region of the adapter protein SLP - 76 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grb2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "SH3 ( C ) binding region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 33]}, {"entity": "Gab1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "adapter protein SLP - 76", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The QCS appears comparable with the MMSE and is quicker to administer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A positive FTA - ABS - 19S - IgM test indicates the necessity of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "FTA - ABS - 19S - IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DNA binding protein was identified which binds to two novel target - like sequences : ( i ) at the 5 ' flanking site of the breakpoint junction of chromosome 8 in a patient with T - acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) carrying the t ( 8 ; 14 ) ( q24 ; q11 ) rearrangement and ( ii ) on chromosome 1 in three of five T - ALL patients with the t ( 1 ; 14 ) ( p32 ; q11 ) rearrangement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1988 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of iron on the toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rest of the 3 ' untranslated sequences were common to both cDNA clones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anesthesiologist and the cardiac surgeon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three proteins copurified through several biochemical fractionation steps and could be coimmunoprecipitated by using antibodies against GCD1 or GCD2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "GCD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1998 to 1999 , a large number of community - acquired respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae ( n = 566 ) , Haemophilus influenzae ( n = 513 ) and Moraxella catarrhalis ( n = 228 ) were collected from 15 centres in Australia , Hong Kong , Japan , China , the Philippines , Singapore , South Africa and Taiwan through the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats on the multiple oral dosage regimen were given unlabelled HMCF in their drinking water for 13 days before the administration of a bolus dose of [ 14C ] HMCF on day 14 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to search for mutations in the multicopy RBM genes that might be associated with male infertility , we have used sequence data from the reported cDNA clone to determine the intron exon boundaries of the YRRM 1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "multicopy RBM genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "YRRM 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uterine contractions began with a mean latency of 62 min in the PGF2 alpha infused women , in controls uterine activity remained unchanged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implication of Rac and Cdc42 was analyzed in transient transfection experiments using either constitutively active ( V12 ) or dominant - interfering ( N17 ) mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rac", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolutionary significance of the similarities of intron secondary structures and open reading frames of the ND3 , 4 and ATPase 6 genes is discussed , including the possible separate evolution of structural and coding sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "ND3 , 4 and ATPase 6 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there is evidence that cone ratios do determine colour appearance under many conditions , the site or sites of their computation is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procedures with perfected method", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to identify factors involved in the expression of this important erythroid - specific regulatory protein , we have isolated the mouse EKLF gene and systematically analyzed the promoter region .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse EKLF gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , superpeptide antigenic material was readily detected by immunoblotting cell extracts and enriched in vacuolar preparations of PrA deficient mutant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PrA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All primary tumors were positive for CAM5 . 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAM5 . 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However massive necrosis of the renal tubules had been found with more than 15mg of DSM administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of functioning parathyroid carcinoma with hypereninemic hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with a number of phase II trials , phase I trials utilizing escalating doses of carboplatin and paclitaxel with growth factor or growth factor and blood stem - cell support have shown that substantial increases in dose intensity can be achieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was performed in a class 100 laminar flow clean bench in order to minimize particulate contamination from extraneous sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , since the integrated transforming DNA was not altered or lost expression of the RbcS2 : : aadA : : RbcS2 gene ( s ) appears to be repressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "RbcS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "aadA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "RbcS2 gene ( s )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the holo - dTFIIA ( L / S ) binds TBP with high affinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "holo - dTFIIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one trial , 116 subjects with transfusion - related chronic hepatitis C were treated with lymphoblastoid interferon ( 5 MU / m2 three times a week for 2 mo , then 3 MU / m2 three times a week for 4 or 10 mo ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoblastoid interferon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate the preferential endometrial cell - type expression of BTEB and suggest its regulatory role in pregnancy - associated endometrial epithelial gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTEB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of LZ321 matched that of RREB1 , a transcription factor that bound to a Ras responsive element ( RRE ) very different from the sequence with which we isolated LZ321 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LZ321", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "RREB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Ras responsive element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "RRE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "LZ321", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation at Ser ( 670 ) impairs the ability of GRK2 to phosphorylate both soluble and membrane - incorporated receptor substrates and dramatically attenuates Gbetagamma - mediated activation of this enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "Gbetagamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the sequence of mRAR - beta 3 region A differs from that of mRAR - beta 1 by an additional 27 C - terminal amino acids encoded in an 81 nucleotide - long putative exon which is spliced in between the exons encoding the A and B regions of mRAR - beta 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mRAR - beta 3 region A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "mRAR - beta 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "A and B regions of mRAR - beta 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rad18 is required for DNA repair and checkpoint responses in fission yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rad18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The longest S1 - S2 interval at which S2 failed to capture ( effective refractory period ) was longer by 5 . 5 + / - 8 . 2 msec at twice threshold ( 0 . 05 less than p less than 0 . 10 ) and 5 . 5 + / - 3 . 5 msec at 5 times threshold stimulation ( p less than 0 . 01 ) when the basic drive and extrastimuli were delivered to separate sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using lasers , PRK involves reshaping the cornea so that its refractive power is increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using in vivo screening , we first identified a gene that appeared to interfere with the His - Asp phosphorelay between the HPt domain and the receiver domain of OmpR , provided that the gene product was expressed through a multicopy plasmid .", "entity": [{"entity": "OmpR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , six other landmarks favored the xeroradiograph but not to the degree of statistical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary vasoconstriction caused by endothelin - 1 is enhanced by ischemia - reperfusion and by norepinephrine present in concentrations typically observed after neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass .", "entity": [{"entity": "endothelin - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Raf - 1 signaling by a monoclonal antibody , which interferes with Raf - 1 activation and with Mek substrate binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Raf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "Mek", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laparoscopic examination 1 year after surgery revealed an enlarged , thin - walled , and fluid - filled uterine segment cranial to the midcornus occlusion sites in all animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBSII is essential for ribosome - stimulated activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gel shift and southwestern experiments revealed nuclear proteins of 43 kDa and 30 kDa in GC and fish cells , respectively , that bind specifically to the tGH CRE , suggesting the involvement of CRE - binding - protein / activating - transcription - factor - l - related peptides in cAMP response .", "entity": [{"entity": "tGH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "CRE - binding - protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 217]}, {"entity": "activating - transcription - factor - l", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , such mutations lead to a dramatic transition in chromatin structure : the DNase I hypersensitive region is replaced by two stable , sequence - positioned nucleosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNase I hypersensitive region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two measures of sensory inhibition were employed , S2 / S1 x 100 amplitude ratio and S1 - S2 amplitude difference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional start site , identified by primer extension and S1 nuclease assay , is 34 nt upstream of the translation initiation codon .", "entity": [{"entity": "S1 nuclease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical effects of valproate and ethosuximide can be related to this differential modulation of thalamocortical excitability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central projections of gastric afferent vagal inputs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest a biological role for Elf - 1 in the regulation of IgH gene expression , attribute a functional role for receptor - induced AP - 1 proteins in B lymphocytes and provide evidence for a direct link between IgM receptor - mediated signalling and 3 ' enhancer activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "IgH gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "AP - 1 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "IgM receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like Mdm2 , MdmX is able to bind p53 and inhibit p53 transactivation ; however , the ability of MdmX to degrade p53 has yet to be examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mdm2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "MdmX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "MdmX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the mAR ORF was confirmed by sequence analysis of mAR cDNA fragments , which were obtained by PCR amplification of mouse testis cDNA , using mAR specific primers .", "entity": [{"entity": "mAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "mAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "mAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming growth factor - beta ( TGF - beta ) inhibits cell cycle progression , in part through up - regulation of gene expression of the p21 ( WAF1 / Cip1 ) ( p21 ) cell cycle inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transforming growth factor - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "WAF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "Cip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased plasma level of antithrombin III was assumed to be one of the major factors underlying hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both RAW cells and the microglia cell line EOC20 , two IFN - gamma - activated transcription factors , STAT - 1alpha and IRF - 1 , bind the GAS and IRF elements , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "STAT - 1alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "IRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "GAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "IRF elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients received marrow from HLA - identical sibling donors , underwent similar myeloablative regimens , and had similar pretreatment characteristics .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Types I and II , capillary walls became thinner and more capillary lumens were visiable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblot analyses revealed that the loss of activator function coincides with selective removal of the C - terminal domain ( CTD ) - hyperphosphorylated RNAP IIO along with NC2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - terminal domain ( CTD ) - hyperphosphorylated RNAP IIO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 163]}, {"entity": "NC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In bell pepper , a gene encoding a major plastid - lipid associated protein is expressed as both partially and totally spliced transcripts ( respectively PAP2 and PAP1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "PAP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggregation in washed platelets from rats with diabetes was enhanced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , the large difference in ssDNA - binding affinities reflects the loss of hexamerization ability by uvsY , suggesting that a form of intrahexamer synergism or cooperativity between binding sites within the uvsY hexamer leads to its high observed affinity for ssDNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "uvsY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "uvsY hexamer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors investigate in a group of 211 children aged 2 - 6 years , incl . in particular a group of 33 2 - year - old ones , in 1990 and checked in 1991 at two sites in Bratislava - - a town with a varying concentration of NOX , SO2 , dustiness and dust fallout - - their influence on the incidence , type and course of relapsing respiratory disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such results suggest that there are no differences in the BMR of age - and weight - matched Asian Indian males , other tropical populations and Americans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : DaunoXome has an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with free daunorubicin , and is well tolerated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the zincon - loaded resin was applied to the selective concentration of trace amounts of chalcophile elements in natural water samples prior to neutron activation analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses focused on two platyrrhine ( New World monkey ) species : the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) and the brown capuchin monkey ( Cebus apella ) , each of which has paired , non - allelic gamma loci ( 5 ' - gamma 1 - gamma 2 - 3 ' ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over half of the children initially unresponsive to H . influenzae type b meningitis subsequently developed specific antibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electron spin resonance study also demonstrated that the formation of superoxide - DMPO spin adduct was strongly inhibited by a selective cyclooxygenase - 2 inhibitor , etodolac , in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclooxygenase - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sox8 maps to the t complex on mouse chromosome 17 and to human chromosome 16p13 . 3 , a region associated with the microphthalmia - cataract syndrome CATM and the alpha - thalassemia / mental retardation syndrome ATR - 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sox8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "t complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If vascular induction between a vascular carrier and the selected jejunal segment is done as a kind of flap prefabrication , the jejunal interposition flap can be used without the need for complex microsurgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in the day - 42 cure rates between the QC7 ( n = 65 ) and A7 ( n = 64 ) regimens with an efficacy of 100 % in both , confirmed by parasite genotyping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetyl - CoA carboxylase from yeast is an essential enzyme and is regulated by factors that control phospholipid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetyl - CoA carboxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NH ( 2 ) - terminus of all three proteins contains a POZ domain , a conserved 120 amino acid motif involved in transcriptional repression and protein dimerization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognition of DNA by single - chain derivatives of the phage 434 repressor : high affinity binding depends on both the contacted and non - contacted base pairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of Mg2 + , the extent of destabilization of tRNAPhe is greater but appears to be confined to internal regions of the acceptor and T psi C helices , as evidenced by the selectively enhanced exchange rates for imino protons associated with these base pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "tRNAPhe", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gene is named PKNOX1 by the Human Nomenclature Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKNOX1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxyl - terminal 75 amino acids of the two proteins contain the bHLH motif and differ from each other by only three conservative amino acid changes , while the amino - terminal portions are markedly divergent from each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Drosophila subobscura genomic fragment containing all the exons and the late and early promotors in the Sxl gene of D . melanogaster was isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sxl gene of D . melanogaster", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data from animal experiments indicate that the incidence of solid tumors in marrow transplant patients may still rise in the coming decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the transient - transfection assay showed that the Sp1 binding element located in the core region ( positions - - 64 to + 1 ) of the alpha2 - integrin promoter plays an essential role in the alpha2 - integrin promoter activity and its downregulation by Erb - B2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 binding element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "alpha2 - integrin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 174]}, {"entity": "alpha2 - integrin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 232]}, {"entity": "Erb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [268, 271]}, {"entity": "B2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [274, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest that the AF - 1 region of PPARalpha is partially silenced by corepressor proteins , which might interact in a phosphorylation - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPARalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the effects of chelation therapy with time following strontium exposure to mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insertion of alternatively spliced exon W into CREB mRNA during spermatogenesis results in a polycistronic RNA that encodes two novel internally translated CREB repressor isoforms called I - CREBs , consisting of the carboxy - terminal DNA - binding domain devoid of the transactivation domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "CREB repressor isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 179]}, {"entity": "I - CREBs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human BRCA1 promoter also contains a conserved E2F site and is similarly regulated by E2F1 and Rb .", "entity": [{"entity": "human BRCA1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "E2F site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "E2F1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "Rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the studies described in this report , we have identified two potential Ets binding sites , EBS1 and EBS2 , which are conserved in both the human and murine interleukin - 2 enhancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "EBS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "EBS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "interleukin - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An enhancement of benign liver tumors ( tumorigenic effect ) was observed only in CF1 male mice ( 17 / 56 at the only tested dose : 400 ppm vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stamps in cardiology : de Musset sign .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we analyzed the interaction of CYT - 18 with a small RNA ( P4 - P6 RNA ) corresponding to the isolated P4 - P6 domain of the N . crassa mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA intron .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYT - 18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "P4 - P6 RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "P4 - P6 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 124]}, {"entity": "N . crassa mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA intron", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "268 , 6858 - 6861 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyglutamine - containing protein fragments have been shown to accumulate as aggregates in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm , and to induce cell death when expressed in cultured cells , leading to the proposal that polyglutamine aggregation is an important step in the pathogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that the transcriptional activator CREM is highly expressed in postmeiotic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For more detailed mapping , we constructed mouse A9 cells containing STFs derived from human chromosome 2 tagged with pSTneo at different regions in 2q31 - qter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore propose that PRR2 , and not PVR , is the true human homolog of MPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "PVR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed herein the roles that four different PIAS proteins ( ARIP3 / PIASx alpha , Miz1 / PIASx beta , GBP / PIAS1 , and PIAS3 ) play in the regulation of steroid receptor - or STAT - mediated transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PIAS proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "ARIP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "PIASx alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "Miz1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "PIASx beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "GBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "PIAS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "PIAS3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 135]}, {"entity": "steroid receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 180]}, {"entity": "STAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet testosterone was predominant in the plasma of the Type II male morph which neither courts females nor nests , but instead parasitizes Type I males with sneak or satellite spawning tactics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To better understand the relationship between expression of an oncogene and genetic instability , we have studied a cell line expressing an activated human Ha - ras under the control of bacterial lactose operon regulatory elements for changes in methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase ( dhfr ) gene amplification following mutant Ha - ras induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "activated human Ha - ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "bacterial lactose operon regulatory elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 230]}, {"entity": "dihydrofolate reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [274, 297]}, {"entity": "dhfr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [300, 304]}, {"entity": "mutant Ha - ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [336, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cbl is a signaling molecule with multiple functional domains : an SH2 domain which binds phosphotyrosine residues , a RING finger domain which acts as a ubiquitin ligase , a proline - rich region which serves as a docking site for SH3 - containing proteins , phosphotyrosine residues which serve as docking sites for SH2 - containing proteins such a CrkL and the p85 subunit of PI 3 - kinase , and a nuclear localization signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cbl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin ligase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "SH3 - containing proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 256]}, {"entity": "SH2 - containing proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [317, 342]}, {"entity": "CrkL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [350, 354]}, {"entity": "p85 subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [363, 374]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [378, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No interaction with epidural anesthesia was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Region I includes the two cysteine - cysteine zinc fingers that comprise a DNA - binding domain which typifies all members of the superfamily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leukocytoclasic vasculitis during treatment with low - dose captopril", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to Phase III , which has a single study design - - the controlled , randomized , double - blind study - - Phase IV requires different designs for each of the many different questions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that both superficial and deep cortical venous drainage of the cat kidney should be considered when measuring renal renin release .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to organize chemical data in a client - server environment using Database Management System and Web fashion for the client interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This bound [ 3H ] iloprost with high affinity and stimulated cAMP production when exposed to agonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 95 . 3 and 76 . 1 % identity with the CAD sequences of hamster and Squalus acanthias .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD sequences of hamster and Squalus acanthias", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies : the value of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of muscle involvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methods used were the AOAC method of dilution and heating ; the addition of mercuric chloride , charcoal , and Carrez reagents at 2 different pH values ; and direct analysis of sample supernatants with no treatment ( control ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In src - transformed cells GAP forms heteromeric complexes , notably with a highly tyrosine phosphorylated 62 - kDa protein ( p62 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "62 - kDa protein ( p62 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic Southern analysis reveals 10 to 15 hybridising fragments , suggesting that maize contains a small gene family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The signal - to - noise ratio ( SNR ) was calculated in the T2 - weighted sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MIC90 of ABK against coagulase type IV strains was rather high , 12 . 5 micrograms / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "coagulase type IV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review of 156 patients younger than 40 treated at our Department between 1960 and 1991 with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder revealed that 89 . 1 % had superficial ( Ta / T1 ) disease and the remaining 10 . 9 % presented with invasive disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the Asp but not the Ala gB mutation resulted in an increase in the steady - state expression of gB at the plasma membrane ( PM ) in U373 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "gB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "gB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large volumes of bone marrow may be required for certain types of autologous bone marrow transplants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that dauricine and verapamil have a salutary effect in extracorporeal circulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central - venous - catheter - related infection is readily diagnosed by comparing simultaneous quantitative cultures of blood samples obtained via the catheter and a peripheral vein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For evaluation of the model , simulations of physiological excitation and of pathologies ( Wolff - Parkinson - White syndrome , complete AV - block , inferior wall ischaemia ) were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For rotating stimuli presented to the dominant eye , this class of neurons responded best to rotation of the visual world about an axis oriented near the horizontal plane and approximately 45 degrees azimuth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase C transiently activated heteromeric N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor channels independent of the phosphorylatable C - terminal splice domain and of consensus phosphorylation sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "heteromeric N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor channels", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of the variability of the free PSA / total PSA ratio on the early diagnosis of prostate cancer", "entity": [{"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we show that ectopic expression of the E2A protein E12 in this macrophage line results in the induction of many B lineage genes , including EBF , IL7Ralpha , lambda5 , and Rag - 1 , and the ability to induce kappa light chain in response to mitogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2A protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "E12", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "EBF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "IL7Ralpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "lambda5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Rag - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "kappa light chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [219, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A TAAATA sequence is present 26 nt upstream from the major CAP site , and within the 5 ' - flanking region there are several putative transcription factor binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study tested the hypothesis that stimulating the central noradrenergic system using the new noradrenaline re - uptake inhibitor reboxetine would result in a dose - dependent enhancement of memory for emotional material in man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iris binding and bioavailability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dopamine D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 dose dependently ( 7 . 5 - 30 micrograms / kg s . c . ) antagonized the stimulant locomotor effect on both drugs but did not prevent their antiimmobility effect on the behavioral despair test .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine D1 dopamine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither symptoms , virions , nor viral RNA was detectable in plants inoculated with this mutant or a mutant with a frameshift mutation in the coat gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "coat gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromaffin cells transfected with a plasmid with the entire coding sequence of c - Rabphilin3a inserted in the antisense orientation inhibited secretion of co - expressed GH by approximately 30 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Rabphilin3a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sequence - ready 3 - Mb PAC contig covering 16 breakpoints of the Wilms tumor / anirida region of human chromosome 11p13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilms tumor / anirida region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compression of pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow tract by aneurysm of ascending aorta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sulfur species could be separated within less than 4 min by CZE with a pyromellitic acid electrolyte at pH 3 . 5 to 5 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High expression of p51A ( TAp63gamma ) in the skeletal muscle tissue drove us to investigate a differentiation - inducible myoblastic cell line which showed increased p51A expression after differentiation induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "p51A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "TAp63gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "p51A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nosographic problems", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since UmuD protein is proteolytically processed to an active form ( UmuD * ) in a RecA * - dependent fashion , and MucA shares extensive amino acid homology with UmuD , we examined whether MucA is similarly processed in the cell , using antiserum against a LacZ ' - ' MucA fusion protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "UmuD protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "UmuD *", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "RecA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "MucA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "UmuD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "MucA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "LacZ '", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [257, 263]}, {"entity": "' MucA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [266, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in BHR were found to correlate significantly with changes in the levels of 24 h mean SO2 , NO2 and smoke ; 48 h mean NO2 and smoke ; 24 h lag NO2 ; although the effect was only small , accounting for approximately 10 % of the variability in within - subject BHR between visits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "50 - nucleotide ) intron to AA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foamy viruses ( FVs ) express the Gag protein as a precursor with a molecular mass of 74 kDa ( pr74 ) from which a 70 - kDa protein ( p70 ) is cleaved by the viral protease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gag protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "pr74", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "p70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of domains mediating transcription activation , repression , and inhibition in the paired - related homeobox protein , Prx2 ( S8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "paired - related homeobox protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 131]}, {"entity": "Prx2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "S8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the structural similarities the new gene will be termed scERV2 from now on .", "entity": [{"entity": "scERV2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where the resonator has two holes , these terms should be somewhat modified : A is the combined area of the two holes , L is 16 / 3pi r ( ~ 1 . 7r ) for a simple hole in a thin - walled vessel and r is the radius of one hole ( Seto , 1971 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most distal active site in TIGA is created by excision of a 66 - bp intron .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIGA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GeneCalling analysis was successful in detecting members of complex metabolic pathways and uncovering novel genes that were either coincidentally regulated or directly involved in such pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebellar functional compensation after its complete destruction by a neoplasm", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the DNA sequence upstream of the narQ gene , which encodes the second nitrate - responsive sensor - transmitter protein in Escherichia coli , revealed an open reading frame ( ORF ) whose product shows a high degree of similarity to a number of iron - sulfur proteins as well as to the beta subunit of glutamate synthase ( gltD ) of E . coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "narQ gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "iron - sulfur proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 278]}, {"entity": "glutamate synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 331]}, {"entity": "gltD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [334, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the antibody class switch appears to be directed by induction of accessibility , as assayed by transcription of germ line CH genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With repetitive intermittent exercise , gradual increases in blood lactate concentration [ ( LA ] b ) occurred , whereas its rate of accumulation ( delta [ LA ] b ) decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wingless / Wnt signaling directs cell - fate choices during embryonic development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wingless", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In CYP7A1 transgenic mice , livers contained approximately 3 - fold more sterol response element - binding protein - 2 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP7A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "sterol response element - binding protein - 2 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with the chronic photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome have high total serum IgE concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the cognate binding protein is present in both rat and human ( HeLa ) cell nuclear extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus ( EP ) on the jaw - opening reflex ( JOR ) was studied in the cat anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We cloned the BamHI - F fragment from the left end of Ad4 in pUC13 - 1 between the SalI and BamHI sites in order to carry out the structural analysis of the E1A region of Ad4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BamHI - F fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "SalI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "BamHI sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "E1A region of Ad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of this study indicate that when amniotic fluid samples are stored frozen and strict quality control is maintained in analytic procedures , only minimal changes occur in phospholipid concentrations over 12 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this research was to determine if ergotamine , an ergopeptine alkaloid isolated from Neotyphodium - infected grasses and associated with toxicoses in livestock , altered plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones in follicular phase heifers and in cows given a progestin implant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following parameters were measured : onset time ( time interval from injection to maximal or total block ) , T125 / 75 ( time for T1 to reach 25 % or 75 % of control ) , TOF70 ( time for TOF ratio to reach 70 % of control ) , heart rate and blood pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic Xbra can induce Xegr - 1 transcription by an indirect mechanism that appears to operate via primary activation of fibroblast growth factor secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xbra", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "Xegr - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "fibroblast growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 10 , 763 men and 3 , 118 women has been studied , of whom 97 % and 89 % , respectively , have been traced and 36 % and 16 % have died .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of I - 92 with p92 , p84 , p75 , p73 , p69 , and p57 was completely reversible after treatment with the detergent deoxycholate ( DOC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "I - 92", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "p92", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "p84", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "p75", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "p73", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "p69", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "p57", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the elevated signalling is eliminated by deletion of Ste20p ( or components downstream of Ste20p ) , the growth and morphological abnormalities of cells lacking Akr1p are not rescued by deletion of any of the known pheromone response pathway components .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ste20p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Ste20p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Akr1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ) Depending on the structure , certain compounds are sequestered in the cornea ( presumably the stroma ) and form a release system into the anterior aqueous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain further insights into these events , the porcine G alpha i - 3 gene minimal promoter was characterized and found 67 base pairs upstream from the major transcription start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "porcine G alpha i - 3 gene minimal promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two authors , two journal titles , two drug names , and two topics of a general medical nature were retrieved under identical circumstances and conditions on the hosts DATA - STAR , DIALOG , DIMDI , and STN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the presence of two related genes , b and b ' , in the cyanobacterium suggests that its ATP synthase is a complex of nine polypeptides , and that it may have single copies of related b and b ' proteins rather than two copies of identical b subunits as found in the E . coli enzyme . 4 + off", "entity": [{"entity": "b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 51]}, {"entity": "b '", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "ATP synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 198]}, {"entity": "b ' proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 215]}, {"entity": "b subunits", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [252, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DDD ( R ) pacing with automatic mode switch in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following AV nodal ablation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These events were only weakly stimulated by the activated PDGF alpha - receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "activated PDGF alpha - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results establish that the DNA fragment we have isolated contains the human gp130 promoter and that interleukin - 6 type cytokines may influence the activity of this promoter via activated STATs .", "entity": [{"entity": "human gp130 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "interleukin - 6 type cytokines", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 136]}, {"entity": "STATs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 53 % of all injuries and 12 . 5 % of serious injuries involved children , and in contrast to the 1950s and early 1960s , young adults appear at greatest risk in the 1980s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three simple methods of detecting malnutrition on medical wards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that an internal fragment of U24 methylation guide snoRNA , encompassing the upstream antisense element and the D ' and C ' box motifs , can support the site - specific methylation of rRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "U24 methylation guide snoRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gap protein knirps mediates both quenching and direct repression in the Drosophila embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "gap", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "knirps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of them is its limited sensitivity to weak interactions , which are common in the mammalian cerebral cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An infant of 8 months with congenital glaucoma and hemophilia A lost one eye due to haemorrhages after trabeculotomy in an eye hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulation of sodium fluorescein for dye release studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol preference in strains of rats selectively bred for behavioral characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VAV and SOCS1 form a protein complex through interactions between the VAV NH ( 2 ) - terminal regulatory region and the SH2 domain of SOCS1 in a phosphotyrosine - independent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SOCS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "VAV NH ( 2 ) - terminal regulatory region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 111]}, {"entity": "SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "SOCS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of HeLa cell cytoplasmic extracts with a purified recombinant glutathione S - transferase - raf fusion protein in the presence of ATP released active NF - kappa B that could be detected by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione S - transferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cefminox shows greater in vivo activity than that expected for the MICs , excellent efficacy and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the p38 kinase inhibitor SB205380 ( SB ) and cotransfection of a dominant - negative mutant of p38 kinase reduced IL - 1beta stimulation of the hBNP promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "p38 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "p38 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "IL - 1beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "hBNP promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent geological studies focusing on the Davie Fracture Zone of the Mozambique Channel offer a resolution to this situation , by suggesting the presence of a land - bridge from the mid - Eocene to the early Miocene , an interval that matches the ages of Madagascar ' s mammalian groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously demonstrated that pyrene in diesel - exhaust particles ( DEP ) has an adjuvant activity on immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) antibody production in mice immunized with Japanese cedar pollen allergen ( JCPA ) or ovalbumin ( OA ) intraperitoneally .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "ovalbumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 230]}, {"entity": "OA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [233, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of 8 cases , the authors report different clinical pictures all caused by cardiac toxicity of 5FU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunoprofile of 60 adult patients of pulmonary tuberculosis was studied and compared with 22 normal controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of long - term use of raloxifene , a selective estrogen receptor modulator , on thyroid function test profiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Module 2 of RifA lacks a beta - ketoacyl : acyl carrier protein reductase ( KR ) domain and the one in module 3 has an apparently inactive NADPH binding motif , similar to one found in the Er PKS , while the other eight KR domains of the Rf PKS should be functional .", "entity": [{"entity": "RifA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "beta - ketoacyl : acyl carrier protein reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 73]}, {"entity": "KR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "NADPH binding motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "Er PKS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "KR domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "Rf PKS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [238, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergy between interferon - gamma and tumor necrosis factor - alpha in transcriptional activation is mediated by cooperation between signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor kappaB .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 68]}, {"entity": "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 184]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding tetrapeptide sequences SSPD and SATD for human and mouse PKC - epsilon , respectively , are unusual for caspase - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human and mouse PKC - epsilon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 88]}, {"entity": "caspase - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of pneumoperitoneum on dissemination and scar implantation of intra - abdominal tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In the results of this study , SDB , even snoring , was independently associated with hypertension in both men and women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A poly ( ortho ester ) designed for combined ocular delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and 5 - fluorouracil : subconjunctival tolerance and in vitro release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subclones stably expressing alpha1A - , alpha1B - , and alpha1D - ARs under control of an inducible promoter , or at high and low receptor density , were isolated and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "alpha1B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "alpha1D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection of both Calu - 6 and JEG - 3 cells with a PKA expression vector resulted in a 10 - fold induction of human renin transcriptional activity in constructs containing the native or consensus CRE and 5 - fold activation in a construct containing a nonfunctional CRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "human renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In renal vein thrombosis , similar pattern to acute tubular necrosis was found but RI venography was helpful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restricted expression of a novel murine atonal - related bHLH protein in undifferentiated neural precursors .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine atonal - related bHLH protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligo - [ alpha ] - deoxynucleotides can be derived by stabilizing ( intercalating ) agents or reactive groups ( cleaving reagents , cross - linkers . . . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic structure of Si ( 111 ) - NiSi2 ( 111 ) A - type and B - type interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , two cis - acting elements direct the first zygotic expression of Kr in a striped subpattern within the central region of the blastoderm embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Embryonal mortality", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regardless of muscle tensioning or marination treatments , aging of the carcass for 24 h ( T1 , T2 , and T3 ) produced meats with lower shear values than those from hot - boned carcasses ( T4 and T5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was stronger after multiple predoses of sertraline , when imipramine Cmax and AUC ( 0 - infinity ) were increased by 39 % and 68 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For capsules containing only the drug , the value of T50 increased as the particle size of the drug decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its prognostic impact is superior to the T1 / 2 one ( RR = 2 . 9 ; p = 0 . 0010 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that in fusions with the DNA binding domain of GAL4 , full activity requires the entire BHV - alpha TIF , although both amino and carboxyl termini display some activity on their own .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "BHV - alpha TIF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well , variation in capillary size and density was apparent between ventricles in the fetal and neonatal periods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have demonstrated that the 21 - or the 72 - bp repeat transcriptional control elements enhance the efficiency of SV40 DNA replication in vivo , provided either of these repeats is located near the end of the core replication origin containing the 17 - bp A + T - containing sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is pathogenetically proved to use antithrombin III concentrate preparations with anti - and dysaggregatory properties , fibronectin preparations , trasylol or its analogs during complex preoperative preparation of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ER and DR were significantly correlated with MIB - 1 LI ( P < 0 . 01 and P < 0 . 05 , respectively ) , but RI and Td / Te were not .", "entity": [{"entity": "MIB - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D . , and Long , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lead phthalocyanin method for the demonstration of acid hydrolases in plant and animal tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "acid hydrolases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the sixth postirradiation day the absorption of phenobarbitone , sulphafurazole and mecamylamine had returned to the control level , but the absorption of quinidine and isoniazid was still retarded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the three - dimensional structure of the enzyme from Escherichia colidetermined and refined to 2 . 0 A resolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cDNA cloning , sequencing and chromosome mapping of a non - erythroid spectrin , human alpha - fodrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - erythroid spectrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "human alpha - fodrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In serial recall from short - term memory , repeated items are recalled well when close together ( repetition facilitation ) , but not when far apart ( repetition inhibition ; the Ranschburg effect ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posterior osteophytes around the posterior edges of vertebral body resulted in intervertebral insufficiency , and corresponded to hypertrophic spur in osteochondrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LV compliance was determined from the slope of the LV end - diastolic pressure ( LVEDP ) vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no significant correlation between serum amiodarone or desethylamiodarone levels and dosage of amiodarone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear extracts from Sertoli cells were found to cause an E - box gel shift when the cells were stimulated to differentiate in culture , but not under basal conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of ICP47 and US11 rendered fibroblasts negative for surface class I MHC and allowed a class I MHC - low population of T cells to be sorted by flow cytometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICP47", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "US11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "surface class I MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "class I MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recovery of adults schistosomes by extracorporeal filtration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical studies and studies of cells expressing mutant IL - 2 receptors indicate that IL - 2 - induced tyrosine kinase activation initiates a complex signaling cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 2 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme were well maintained .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin converting enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the effects of antifungal drugs on adherence of Candida albicans in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sections were stained with anti - polymorphonuclear leukocyte antibody , the endothelial marker factor VIII - related antigen , and with hematoxylin and eosin .", "entity": [{"entity": "factor VIII - related antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portions of the 3 ' - coding and 3 ' - untranslated regions were found to be missing from the 7 . 2 - and 4 . 8 - kb topo II alpha mRNAs by Northern blot analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 . 2 - and 4 . 8 - kb topo II alpha mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combined in vitro effects of ethanol wih methaqualone , phenobarbital , pyrazole or disulfiram were studied using rat brain microsomal NA - K - ATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat brain microsomal NA - K - ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analogue of calcium , strontium chloride Sr 89 is rapidly cleared from the blood after i . v . injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutants , assayed by injection into Xenopus oocyte nuclei , delimit the promoter to 36 bp of DNA upstream of the cap site and 73 bp of the untranslated mRNA leader .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ARE is loosely defined as the five - nucleotide sequence AUUUA embedded in a uracil - rich region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil composition of three Zingiberaceae widely used as medicinal aromatic plants from S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 3 ) With the exception of the anteroposterior direction of layers II - - III and the mediolateral direction of layer IV , the vertical conductivity of the cortex was always greater than either of the horizontal conductivities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain information on the functional role of the Rac1 / p38 / MAPKAPK - 2 pathway in RA signaling , the effects of pharmacological inhibition of p38 on RA - induced gene transcription and cell differentiation were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "MAPKAPK - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A regulatory element of the empty spiracles homeobox gene is composed of three distinct conserved regions that bind regulatory proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "empty spiracles", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The MC / UA ratio improves the sensitivity for the prediction of poor perinatal outcome when it is combined with the NST .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with previous work our results suggest that C / EBP may be a general cooperation partner for v - Myb in myelomonocytic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "v - Myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of cytomegalovirus antibodies of maternal origin and acquired , throughout the first year of life", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IENF density at the calf was lower than that obtained from skin at more proximal sites , indicating the length dependency of small - fiber loss in these neuropathies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence contained five repeats of the hypothetical leucine zipper motif : one is in the N - terminal globular domain , and four are in the central alpha - helical stalk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reports estimates of the prevalence of mental retardation and associated factors based on a population survey of 2 - to 9 - year - old children in Greater Karachi , Pakistan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zta stimulated the HAT activity of CBP that had been partially purified or immunoprecipitated from mammalian cells as well as from affinity - purified , baculovirus expressed CBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies using partial sequences have suggested the potential of 26S or large - subunit ( LSU ) rDNA for phylogeny retrieval at taxonomic levels comparable to those investigated with 18S rDNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "26S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "large - subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "LSU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "18S rDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P53 mutations also offer new approaches to the study of the origins of mutations in human cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "P53 mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to significant homology to the C - terminus of the Mutator transposase this alternative gene product was named Trap ( transposon - associated protein ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mutator transposase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "Trap", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "transposon - associated protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RT - PCR analysis of FGFR - 3 mRNA showed the presence of a splice variant in which exons 7 and 8 are deleted .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGFR - 3 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel serine kinase activated by rac1 / CDC42Hs - dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "CDC42Hs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "PAK65", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "STE20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP51P1 is 96 . 5 % identical to the human CYP51 coding sequence and is not interrupted with introns but has six in - frame stop codons resulting from point mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP51P1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "human CYP51", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with risk factors were compared with those without risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in glnB , nifR1 ( ntrC ) , and NifR4 ( ntrA encoding sigma 54 ) had no influence on put gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "glnB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "nifR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "ntrC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "NifR4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "ntrA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "sigma 54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "put gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This bud morphology results at least in part from a cell cycle delay imposed by the Cdc28p - inhibitory kinase Swe1p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdc28p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "Swe1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IgE - binding proteins of Psocoptera were determined by immunoblotting experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgE - binding proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "174 , 233 - 247 ) and Serrate ( Serrate1 and 2 ; Myat , A . , Henrique , D . , Ish - Horowicz , D . and Lewis , J . , 1996 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new technique for the identification of phases contained within a polymer blend is described in this paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonlethal sec71 - 1 and sec72 - 1 mutations eliminate proteins associated with the Sec63p - BiP complex from S . cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "sec71 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "sec72 - 1 mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Sec63p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "BiP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies indicate no single trans - acting factor is absolutely essential for enhancer activity , and that the enhancer activity of MerI is mediated via a combinatorial and additive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "MerI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported the cloning and sequencing of the alpha 7 integrin chain and its regulated expression during the development of skeletal muscle ( Song et al .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha 7 integrin chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analytical scanning isoelectrofocusing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A structural model for Vpu is proposed in which the membrane anchor precedes a region comprising two amphipathic alpha - helices of opposed polarity , joined by a strongly acidic turn that protrudes into the cytoplasm and contains the CK - 2 phosphorylation sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vpu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "CK - 2 phosphorylation sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primer extension analysis and subcloning of the virJ - phoA fusion indicate that the acetosyringone - inducible promoter lies directly upstream of the virJ structural gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "virJ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "phoA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "virJ structural gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel TRPC7 gene could be a candidate gene for genetic disorders such as bipolar affective disorder , nonsyndromic hereditary deafness , Knobloch syndrome , and holoprosencephaly , which were mapped to this region .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRPC7 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the future , transoesophageal echocardiography may be used to measure variations in wall thickness which change the global loading conditions in the basal midwall compartments of the left ventricle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A discriminant function predicting surgery outcome ( seizure - free vs . non - seizure - free ) was computed separately for samples of patients with left ( n = 79 ) and right ( n = 62 ) temporal lobectomy ( LATL , RATL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A porcine model of diffuse axonal injury , developed with information from these physical models and earlier in vitro tissue modeling studies , is used to correlate histologic and radiologic evidence of axonal injury to predicted regions of injury from the experimental and theoretical analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of ovulation in mares in the early breeding season with ovarian steroids and prostaglandin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the response properties of the human visual cortex to chromatic stimuli using magnetoencephalography ( MEG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By subtractive and differential screening , we have cloned 12 of these sequences , 2 of which were c - fos and krox - 24 .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "krox - 24", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal level expression was reduced to 20 and 50 % when the UGA stop codon was replaced by UAG or UAA , respectively , consistent with the finding that in E . coli translation terminates more efficiently at UAG and UAA than at UGA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The root - mean - square deviation of bond lengths from the ideal values is 0 . 02 A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sugar analysis was performed on alpha - TM to investigate a possible biosynthetic mechanism for part - time PGs .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - TM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge no transcription factors have previously been identified that exhibit androgen - dependent expression in the epididymis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proceedings : Influence of halothane on mortality from murine hepatitis virus ( MHV3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in a rural population in western India : a WHO - ILAR COPCORD Study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , in samples obtained from two patients with drug refractory ALL , BAC - derived probes applied to archived marrow cells demonstrated that a breakpoint occurred between MDR1 and sequences 500 - 1000 KB telomeric to MDR1 , consistent with a random chromosomal rearrangement .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "MDR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that clonidine 3 micrograms / kg produces sedation comparable to diazepam 0 . 2 mg / kg and also attenuates the intubation response without increasing the incidence of complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other regions include potential binding sites for transcription factors ATF , NF1 , and a CCAAT - binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "NF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "CCAAT - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis predicted that progressive increases in serum creatinine or aspartate transaminase activity will result in only a 50 % reduction of clearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate transaminase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Intravenous prizidilol hydrochloride decreases resting blood pressure and left ventricular area , increases pulse rate and has virtually no effect on left ventricular ejection fraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae targets of rapamycin , TOR1 and TOR2 , signal activation of cell growth in response to nutrient availability .", "entity": [{"entity": "TOR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "TOR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This 50 - kDa protein contains two SH2 domains and an inter - SH2 domain of p85alpha , but the SH3 and bcr homology domains of p85alpha were replaced by a unique 6 - amino acid sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "inter - SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "p85alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "bcr homology domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 123]}, {"entity": "p85alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene structure and precursor processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is independent of the Gal4 protein , as it operates in a gal4 mutant background as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gal4 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "gal4 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , d - delta3 - carene was about four times more potent as a sensory irritant than I - beta - pinene , whereas the difference with I - alpha - pinene was more marked ; as a sensory irritant , I - alpha - pinene is almost inactive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood and whole - brain mercury concentrations were determined in pups on PN 0 ( birth ) and PN 21 ( weaning ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple copies of this binding site are found in the viral genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tubular dysfunction in renal lithiasis : cause or consequence ? ] To investigate whether overall tubular dysfunction is encountered in a particular subgroup of patients with urolithiasis , the following parameters of renal tubular function have been measured in fasting morning urine in 124 male stone formers : excretion of lysozyme and gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase ( gamma - GT ) , fractional excretion ( FE ) or glucose , insulin , bicarbonate after an alkali load , and theoretical phosphate threshold ( TmP / GFR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [325, 333]}, {"entity": "gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [338, 369]}, {"entity": "gamma - GT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [372, 382]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [428, 435]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blood pressures in 43 subjects were compared during rapid weight loss and at identical weights during post - fast weight gain ( Study A ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arg - 130 , Gly - 132 and Lys - 167 are conserved in all members of the type IB topoisomerase family .", "entity": [{"entity": "type IB topoisomerase family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximal rise in plasma adrenaline was of similar magnitude in all three groups but a lower plasma glucose was required to stimulate this hormonal response in the ' unaware ' patients , in whom the plasma adrenaline concentration was lower at the time of the reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS - - 125 women consulting the general practitioner for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma , Stage III or IV ( International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics ) , were randomized to primary chemotherapy with doxorubicin ( Adriamycin ) and cisplatin plus or minus hexamethylmelamine , and cyclophosphamide ( CHAP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter activity of the proliferating - cell nuclear antigen gene is associated with inducible CRE - binding proteins in interleukin 2 - stimulated T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "proliferating - cell nuclear antigen gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 66]}, {"entity": "CRE - binding proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 118]}, {"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis revealed 100 % homology of all RA - derived PTEN fragments to those from normal SF as well as to the published GenBank sequence ( accession number U93051 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTEN fragments", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "U93051", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation also preferentially limits ( compared with total protein synthesis ) translation of an induced gene that depends on five AGA codons , i . e . , the lambda cI repressor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "lambda cI repressor gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of a high n - 3 PUFA intake on measures of lipid peroxidation has been equivocal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , inhibition of MAPK activity by MAPK kinase inhibitor ( PD 98059 ) or by overexpression of kinase - deficient MAPKs activated basal and GnRH - A - stimulated GnRHR - Luc activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "MAPK kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "MAPKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "GnRH - A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "GnRHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "Luc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first , short - term ( concurrent ) TAL , two different - flavored stimuli were presented at the same time , one associated with simultaneous intragastric administration of an aversive product , hypertonic NaCl , and the other with saline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : LHB is simple , easy and safe to implement , and is the only technique capable of maintaining independent upper and lower body perfusion pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterodimerization mutant RXR failed to alter GFP - VDR and nlsGFP - VDR distribution or activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heterodimerization mutant RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "GFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "nlsGFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New TB respirator standards mean more choices at less cost .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After first strand cDNA synthesis from fetal brain mRNAs , short fragment cDNAs ( sf - cDNAs ) were synthesized with a two - step amplification system by use of our modified Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed Shuttle Polymerase Chain Reaction ( DOP - Shuttle - PCR ) method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fulminant hepatic failure in these cases could be characterized by : ( 1 ) rapid decrease in serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) level after discontinuation of ecarazine , ( 2 ) prolonged jaundice despite discontinuation of ecarazine , ( 3 ) high incidence of anti - nuclear antibody ( ANA ) ( 57 % ) , and ( 4 ) histological findings of extensive hepatocellular necrosis ranging from bridging necrosis to massive necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum alanine transaminase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "ALT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "anti - nuclear antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [259, 282]}, {"entity": "ANA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smectic - A ordering at a liquid - vapor interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulation results based on the presented model are compared with the experimental data for two types of cMUTs reported in the recent literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that the entire E3L gene is required for pathogenesis in the mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "E3L gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei is redescribed from worms collected from the type host ( Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ) in California , as well as material from experimentally infected mule deer ( O . h . heminus ) in Alberta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( SDS - PAGE ) showed two bands of about the same intensity with apparent molecular masses of 24 . 5 and 22 . 5 kDa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particle bombardment of barley aleurone with a B22EL8 promoter - GUS ( beta - glucuronidase ) construct demonstrates that the promoter ( 3 kb ) is active in developing barley grains .", "entity": [{"entity": "B22EL8 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "GUS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "beta - glucuronidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cloning of CWH43 showed that it corresponds to YCR017c and encodes a protein with 14 - 16 transmembrane segments containing several putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "CWH43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "YCR017c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They elicit similar regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF ) patterns , even though sign language is dependent on spatial information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at the time of salvage treatment , the mean serum PSA levels were 9 . 1 and 1 . 1 ng / mL for the salvage RP and salvage RT groups , respectively ( P = 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , a GATA - 1 motif was found to bind nuclear factor ( s ) , presumably the GATA - 1 factor , present in K - 562 cell extracts and in living K - 562 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA - 1 motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "GATA - 1 factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a direct proportional relationship between the spiral artery flow and the pressure difference between the spiral artery and the amniotic fluid ; the pressure difference per flow ( the resistance of the cotyledonary unit ) was found to be 1 - - 3 mm Hg . ml - 1 . min ( 8 - - 24kPa . ml - 1 . s ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truncations from Hip ' s N terminus resulted in an apparent loss of Hip homo - oligomerization , but these mutants retained association with hsp70 and were recovered in receptor complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hip", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Hip", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "hsp70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An oligomer synthesized to this region of homology produced two DNA - protein complexes with oviduct nuclear proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myeloid zinc finger gene 1 ( MZF1 ) encodes a C ( 2 ) H ( 2 ) zinc finger transcription factor that regulates granulopoiesis and may have a regulatory role in cellular proliferation and oncogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloid zinc finger gene 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "MZF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "C ( 2 ) H ( 2 ) zinc finger transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of collagen synthesis in normal scar was approximately constant between 6 months and 20 years after the initial wounding , but in both hypertrophic scar and keloid the rate was initially approximately twice that in normal scar , and 2 - 3 years after wounding it fell to approximately the same level as in normal scar .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When phentermine was mixed with other unlabeled reversible MAO inhibitors ( e . g . pseudoephedrine , ephedrine , norephedrine ; estradiol benzoate ) , the degree of MAO inhibition was additive .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "MAO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W . , and Touster , O .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a 57 % reduction in IGF IR mRNA levels in clone CA9 after confluence compared with clone ME10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IGF IR mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncoupling gene activity from chromatin structure : promoter mutations can inactivate transcription of the yeast HSP82 gene without eliminating nucleosome - free regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast HSP82 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heating had no effect upon either force decline or slowing of relaxation during fatiguing contractions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncertainty exists about the function of these potential isoforms of the Cbfa1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cbfa1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RTI40 gene spans 35 kilobase pairs ; it contains 6 exons and at least 6 rat Identifier repetitive elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTI40 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristics of a simple apparatus for clinical use to measure DEOAEs are described together with typical examples of emissions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatomical considerations in transsphenoidal hypophysectomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been confirmed in animal experiments that the number of microspheres in a myocardial sample approximately follows a Poisson distribution , under adequate experimental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximal exercise duration and peak oxygen consumption were not changed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hard methacrylic polymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Validity of the short - form QIF was assessed by correlation with motor scores and using analysis of variance by motor levels and motor score groupings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An 81 - nt tandem duplication of the C - terminal coding region is located adjacent to the termination codon of the CyIIIb gene , a potential relic of a slipped mispairing and replication event .", "entity": [{"entity": "CyIIIb gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During seed maturation , the transcriptional activity of napin genes is regulated by developmental signals involving the transcriptional activator ABI3 and abscisic acid ( ABA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "napin genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "transcriptional activator ABI3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the cloning , by either peptide sequencing or by sequence similarity to the human cDNAs , of the S . cerevisiae genes RFC1 , RFC2 , RFC3 , RFC4 , and RFC5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "RFC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "RFC3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "RFC4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "RFC5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , V3 \" values were not significantly correlated with the degree of tremor , seborrhea , and duration of the illness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isomerization of the pre - existing closed complex to an open promoter form , as judged by the local denaturation of promoter DNA which rendered sequences from + 5 to - 10 reactive towards KMnO4 , was shown to be fully dependent on NifA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NifA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mouse macrophage beta subunit ( CD11b ) cDNA for the CR3 complement receptor / Mac - 1 antigen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mouse macrophage beta subunit ( CD11b ) cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 44]}, {"entity": "CR3 complement receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "Mac - 1 antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted product exhibits 91 % amino acid identity to the murine voltage - gated potassium channel protein Kv1 . 7 ( Kcna7 ) , which plays an important role in the repolarization of cell membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine voltage - gated potassium channel protein Kv1 . 7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 119]}, {"entity": "Kcna7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elective replacement of the aortic root in Marfan ' s syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principles of thyroid hormone treatment", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their main representatives are the American diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , DSM - III , its revised version DSM - III - R and the new international classification of mental disorders iCD - 10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each received 20 mL of one of three test solutions : levobupivacaine control , levobupivacaine and fentanyl 2 microg / mL , or levobupivacaine and fentanyl 3 microg / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time for action on hepatitis B immunisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kramer Hamburg 1988 , ISBN : 3 926952 07 5 ) , the syndromatic day - to - day shifting of the psychopathological features with manic , depressive and several mixed states has a well - defined time structure , as in 25 patients studied and reported on in this paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Internal controls over the volume of milk suckled do not appear until infant rats are about 2 weeks of age at which time gastric distension , milk , systemic dehydration , and intestinal hormone cholecystokinin suppress milk intake derived through suckling .", "entity": [{"entity": "intestinal hormone cholecystokinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the HIV LTR , this region has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on HIV gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of rat brain , heart , lung , liver , kidney and skeletal muscle revealed psi PKC zeta mRNA only in brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "psi PKC zeta mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify and determine the function of Ino2p in yeast cells , we raised antibodies to a beta - galactosidase / Ino2 fusion protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ino2p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "beta - galactosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "Ino2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , WR - 3689 , WR - 109342 , and WR - 168643 were used with per os administration to determine hematopoietic lethality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation and characterization of human orthologs of yeast CCR4 - NOT complex subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCR4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "NOT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum AFP is a useful tumor marker for monitoring the results of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paper calls for standardized question formats and a centralized body to monitor changes in these parameters of sexual behaviour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A heterologous promoter construct containing three repeats of a consensus Sp1 site , cloned upstream of a single copy of the ZII ( CREB / AP1 ) element from the BZLF1 promoter linked to the beta - globin TATA box , exhibited phorbol ester inducibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "ZII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "BZLF1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 175]}, {"entity": "beta - globin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [190, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A long - term follow - up study of a children ' s psychiatric day treatment center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors for atherosclerosis related to nutrition are hypercholesterolemia , hyperglycemia - diabetes , and for hypertension , obesity , high salt intake , and excessive use of alcohol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the recently proposed synthetic imaging technique [ J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the quantities collected with both pollen traps during February , March and April 1988 and 1989 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the CSF tested , 24 stimulated oxygen consumption above our cut off , and 8 did not ( 0 . 84 + / - 0 . 34 , n = 24 compared with the rate of 0 . 27 + / - 0 . 1 mumol / min / g dry wt , respectively ; SD n = 8 ) at 180 minutes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These psoralens are being used in research projects sponsored by the National Toxicology Program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of 15 patients with R2 had rheumatoid arthritis and in two of these four cases the antibody was of the IgA class .", "entity": [{"entity": "R2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy - nine percent of the children screened and 91 . 0 % of the children with PbB at least 10 micrograms / dL were Hispanic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here on an eight - year - old boy who first developed acute intravascular hemolysis following therapy with amphotericin B ( AmB ) and subsequently a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction due to alloantibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no significant difference in either the Valsalva ratio or delta SBP was found between diabetic patients and controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PDSS identified 17 ( 94 % ) of the women diagnosed with major postpartum depression , the EPDS identified 14 of these women ( 78 % ) , and the BDI - II identified 10 of the 18 women ( 56 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One ORF extends from nucleotides 415 to 1620 , encodes 402 amino acids , and is preceded by a ribosome - binding site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood coagulation Factor X and its activated form Factor Xa play an essential role in the midphase of the clotting cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blood coagulation Factor X", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "Factor Xa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ras GTPase - activating - protein - related human protein IQGAP2 harbors a potential actin binding domain and interacts with calmodulin and Rho family GTPases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras GTPase - activating - protein - related human protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 61]}, {"entity": "IQGAP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "actin binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Rho family GTPases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On a national level , undiscounted costs are expected to increase up to approximately DF1 42 million annually during the first 40 years after introduction of the preventative strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of p53 protein was detected after 1 day of OM treatment and reached maximal suppression of 10 - 20 % of control after 3 days in H3922 and 40 % of control after 4 days in MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "OM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This seems to take place in the same nuclear compartment as normal cis splicing and proceeds through Y - branched intermediates analogous to the lariats formed in cis splicing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production of a chicken meat infusion broth suitable for the mass production of a Haemophilus gallinarum bacterin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maternal par genes and the segregation of cell fate specification activities in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "maternal par genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that E6010 may be of clinical value in the treatment of coronary occlusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "E6010", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real - time two - dimensional echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve in short - axis view were obtained from 10 normal subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined their N - terminal amino acid sequence and found that these polypeptides were CotT , YeeK , YxeE , CotF , YrbA ( 31 and 45 kDa ) , and SpoIVA , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CotT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "YeeK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "YxeE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "CotF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "YrbA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "SpoIVA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of diacetyl , 2 , 3 - pentanedione and acetoin was performed in two steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same pattern of firing was seen with saccades in light and in complete darkness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical obstacle in modeling psychiatric disorders has been limited information about their origin and underlying neural mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that both the distinct DNA binding properties of PMLRAR homodimers and the sequestration of RXR by PMLRARs may contribute to the molecular mechanisms which underlie the pathogenesis of APL .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMLRAR homodimers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "PMLRARs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Patients ' attainment of TGB monotherapy was associated with their achievement of positive changes of varying degree on psychological tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In alfalfa , the insecticides caused significant mortality to most of the insects evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixtieth anniversary of Angiotensin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we found that the transactivation mediated by the p68c - ets - 1 pr p55erg through the Polyomavirus enhancer sequence is specifically inhibited by the p46kDaPax - QNR in transient transfection assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "p68c - ets - 1 pr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "p55erg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Polyomavirus enhancer sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 131]}, {"entity": "p46kDaPax - QNR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SCAN boxes are found in eight other genes in the GenBank database , five of which are also in the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins lacking KRAB A and B domains and thereby define a new subclass of zinc finger proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCAN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Kruppel family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 136]}, {"entity": "KRAB A and B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in - plane orientational anisotropy of the 8CB films grown on unidirectionally photopolymerized PVCN substrates is considerably lower than the intrinsic surface orientational anisotropy of these substrates , which can explain the generally found weak surface anchoring of liquid crystals on PVCN alignment layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The introduction of FWD1 into cells significantly promotes ubiquitination and degradation of IkappaBalpha in concert with IkappaB kinases , resulting in nuclear translocation of NF - kappaB .", "entity": [{"entity": "FWD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "IkappaBalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "IkappaB kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since blood serotonin is primarily produced peripherally , these results suggest that some aspect of peripheral serotonin metabolism is abnormal in major depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had been diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia 1 year previously and , while hospitalized , had received methyl prednisolone pulse therapy , which was not successful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We next developed a rapid purification method for bacterial recombinant MyoD - bHLH domain by affinity chromatography using a calmodulin - Sepharose column and investigated the phosphorylation of that peptide by PKC and its interactions with calmodulin and S100a .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacterial recombinant MyoD - bHLH domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 90]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 252]}, {"entity": "S100a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [257, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 22 - d orbital flight of rats onboard the Cosmos - 605 biosatellite was followed by inhibition of erythroblastosis , alteration in the morphology of megakaryocytes , and stimulation of myelopoiesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial albinism and immunodeficiency : ultrastructural study of haemophagocytosis and bone marrow erythroblasts in one case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical rotation of the second harmonic radiation from retinal in bacteriorhodopsin monomers in Langmuir - Blodgett film : evidence for nonplanar retinal structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacteriorhodopsin monomers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Twenty - two patients ( 30 % ) showed ST - segment depression during AEM and 34 ( 49 % ) on ExT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced quantum correlations in bound higher - order solitons Quantum effects in N - bound solitons can be drastically enhanced compared to the fundamental soliton .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute intoxication with cypermethrin ( NRDC 149 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anesthesia in the radical surgery of arteriosclerotic coronary disease", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the sequence of alpha - actinin ( Noegel , A . , W .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - actinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , it appears that prenatal exposure to androgen - based synthetic progestin exerted a masculinizing and / or defeminizing influence on human behavioral development , whereas prenatal exposure to natural progesterone and progesterone - based synthetic progestin had a feminizing and / or demasculinizing influence , particularly among female subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In an acute canine model of progressive LCX coronary stenosis , CFR was impaired in both ischemic and remote nonischemic regions in association with mild to moderate ischemic - induced regional myocardial dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parathyroid hormone responses of cyclic AMP - , serum - and phorbol ester - responsive reporter genes in osteoblast - like UMR - 106 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parathyroid hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome timeline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" Ulm Zucker Uhr System \" comprises a microdialysis probe , a biosensor ( Glucosensor Unitec Ulm s . c . ) , a sender transferring telemetrically the glucose concentrations , and a receiving indicator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work has shown that glucose repression of PRB1 transcription is not mediated by HXK2 or by the SNF1 , SNF4 , and SNF6 genes ( C .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "HXK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "SNF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "SNF4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "SNF6 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative experience in liver transplantation since the introduction of cyclosporine A has confirmed its efficacy in the treatment of diverse liver diseases in children and adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective was to find possible predictors for the expression and progression of LJM and to evaluate the relationship between LJM and other long - term complications of insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test this hypothesis , we developed a system of transient transfection of rat adipocytes with constructs containing glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) and fatty acid synthetase ( FAS ) promoters fused to gene reporter CAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 163]}, {"entity": "GAPDH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 171]}, {"entity": "fatty acid synthetase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 199]}, {"entity": "FAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 205]}, {"entity": "gene reporter CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of this gene with the available databases reveals very significant homology to the ETS factor PE - 1 and probable near - identity with the recently cloned factor ERF .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "PE - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "ERF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight of these suppressors for into two complementation groups , designated KCS1 and KCS2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "KCS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "KCS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the absence of PdNi between the segments reduces the heat production of the seed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis of the CAP59 locus of Cryptococcus neoformans : structure defined by forced expression and description of a new ribosomal protein - encoding gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAP59 locus of Cryptococcus neoformans", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 62]}, {"entity": "ribosomal protein - encoding gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed a significant group effect only on the active task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localization of the porcine enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum is consistent with immuno - electron - microscopic studies using pig hepatocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These larger sizes , however , are consistent with predictions from the DNA sequence of the pol gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "pol gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More important , ligand - activated insulin and IGF - I receptors phosphorylate SHC proteins in vitro , indicating that SHC proteins could be direct substrates for insulin and IGF - I receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "IGF - I receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "SHC proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "SHC proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "IGF - I receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "International efforts are now being made to standardize haemolytic test conditions and the present study is meant as a contribution to this .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DFA slide prepared from the ThinPrep Test and the conventional DFA sample prepared from the endocervical swab were evaluated independently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that the responses to types I and II collagen were caused by a cross - reaction with type III collagen peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "types I and II collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "type III collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleotide sequence of the estrogen receptor gene of Oreochromis aureus ( OaER ) indicates that the hormone - binding E domain is composed of 4 exons interspersed by short introns of only 0 . 18 - 1 . 3 kb each .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen receptor gene of Oreochromis aureus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 75]}, {"entity": "OaER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test for progesterone receptor - mediated activation of transcription in yeast , reporter plasmids were constructed to transform yeast cells expressing PRB or C1C2 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "PRB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "C1C2 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond the first year post - renal transplantation there was no difference in C ( IO ) between LRD and CAD allografts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAF - 1 activates transcription constitutively and was mapped to the first 32 amino acids of the A - region .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ventricular demand pacemaker ( VVI ) was implanted three years ago and because of further impairment of cardiac performance an av - sequential pacemaker ( DDD ) was used to restore atrio - ventricular synchronisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we found that CD34 downregulation during hematopoiesis occured at the level of transcriptional initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following replicate control measurements , test ramps were repeated in the presence of sodium nitroprusside ( 1 microM ) and phentolamine ( 1 microM ) to eliminate potential smooth muscle and alpha 1 - adrenoceptor effects , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha 1 - adrenoceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A in turkey poults .", "entity": [{"entity": "fumonisin B1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This C - terminal domain contains several YxxI / L motifs reminiscent of LMP2A and a putative TRAF binding site as in LMP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LMP2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "TRAF binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possibilities and limints of immunofluorescence in the laboratory diagnosis of rabies", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 4 - nt sequence of the rotavirus 3 ' TE represents by far the shortest of any of the sequence enhancers known to stimulate translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muscle and liver biopsies demonstrated the same anomalies , again without branching enzyme deficiency in the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "branching enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1031 - bp wild - type HIT1 DNA which contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 164 amino acids and the AGG arginine tRNA gene complemented all hit1 - 1 mutant phenotypes , indicating that the mutant phenotypes were caused by the deletion of these genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "1031 - bp wild - type HIT1 DNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "AGG arginine tRNA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "hit1 - 1 mutant phenotypes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chicken genome contains two functional nonallelic beta1 , 4 - galactosyltransferase genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta1 , 4 - galactosyltransferase genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human CR2 has a restricted cellular distribution , being expressed on B lymphocytes , dendritic cells of the spleen , pharyngeal epithelial cells , and at low levels on some T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human CR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide - binding proteins ( G - proteins ) function as signal transducers for a variety of hormone - coupled enzyme and ion transport systems in eukaryotic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine nucleotide - binding proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 52]}, {"entity": "G - proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme ACC oxidase catalyses the last step of ethylene biosynthesis in plants , converting 1 - aminocyclopropane - 1 - carboxylic acid ( ACC ) to ethylene .", "entity": [{"entity": "enzyme ACC oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mibefradil ( Ro 40 - 5967 ) is a novel nondihydropyridine calcium antagonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter gene system to study the effect of T on the long terminal repeats ( LTRs ) of a large family of human endogenous retrovirus - like sequences , RTVL - H .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 50]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "T", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They contain a large ( 0 . 9 X 10 ( 3 ) to 1 . 88 X 10 ( 3 ) base - pairs ) intron in the middle of the gene and are further interrupted close to the 5 ' end of the gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recombinant containing the full - length polyhedrin leader sequence gave levels of N mRNA comparable to those of AcNPV polyhedrin mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyhedrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "N mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "AcNPV polyhedrin mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term results and curative mechanisms of vesicoureteral reflux by endoscopic injection of blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primer extension experiments using dbcAMP - differentiated U937 RNA indicated a single transcriptional initiation site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequences within and flanking hypersensitive sites 3 and 2 of the beta - globin locus control region required for synergistic versus additive interaction with the epsilon - globin gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - globin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "epsilon - globin gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of 12 patients ( 33 % ) were initially diagnosed as having a benign disease ( false - negatives ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean was 66 cells / mm2 in the laser group and 63 . 7 cells / mm2 in the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using reporter gene constructs driven by the CD4 promoter , we report that HHV - 6 can efficiently transactivate such genetic elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through genomic library screening and PCR - based genomic walking we have now cloned the mouse E - Tmod gene , whose coding region spans approximately 60kb containing nine exons and eight introns .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse E - Tmod gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On a variety of fronts , chronic bacterial infection is being found to be significantly associated with the development of atherosclerosis and the clinical complications of unstable angina , myocardial infarction , and stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cost analysis and the HSA : a framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of ink4a dramatically reduces the lymphoid and neurological defects seen in bmi - 1 - deficient mice , indicating that ink4a is a critical in vivo target for Bmi - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ink4a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "bmi - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "ink4a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Bmi - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fifty non selected ductal carcinomas of the breast we found that a marked tumoral inflammatory infiltrate ( P less than 0 . 025 ) , perinodal tumoral infiltrate ( P less than 0 . 01 ) , sinus catarrh ( P less than 0 . 05 ) , follicular hyperplasia ( P less than 0 . 025 ) , mixed pattern in lymph nodes ( P less than 0 . 01 ) and with 54 years of age or younger ( P less than 0 . 01 ) correlated significantly with lymph node metastases and / or high histologic grade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The herpesvirus entry mediator C ( HveC ) , previously known as poliovirus receptor - related protein 1 ( PRR1 ) , and the herpesvirus Ig - like receptor ( HIgR ) are the bona fide receptors employed by herpes simplex virus - 1 and - 2 ( HSV - 1 and - 2 ) for entry into the human cell lines most frequently used in HSV studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "herpesvirus entry mediator C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "HveC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "poliovirus receptor - related protein 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 103]}, {"entity": "PRR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "herpesvirus Ig - like receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 153]}, {"entity": "HIgR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spinal injuries in a multiple trauma patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Creatinine and creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine phosphokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "CPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glyoxysomal and plastid molecular chaperones ( 70 - kDa heat shock protein ) of watermelon cotyledons are encoded by a single gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "70 - kDa heat shock protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , cross - resistance between fluoroquinolones was shown for both enterococci and MRSA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore we elucidate the subtle highly anisotropic interchain correlations and reveal the detailed atomic structure of the low - temperature ( 8x2 ) phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "025 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With stimulation beyond the theta - range three phenomena occurred : shift of the burst frequencies to higher or lower harmonics of stimulation frequencies ; complex interactions of basic background frequency with rhythm of stimulation ( \" beating \" ) ; return to background theta - burst frequency in spite of continuing stimulation ( \" escape \" ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incorporation of this information in the data brought about a revised five - year survival estimate of 55 percent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a dominant negative form of Sp3 and transcriptional activation assays in Schneider SL - 2 insect cells , it was confirmed that ERalpha - Sp3 interactions define a pathway for E2 - mediated inhibition of gene expression , and this represents a new mechanism for decreased gene expression by E2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "ERalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "Sp3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 183]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [296, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While these could be unusual cases of chronic non - A , non - B hepatitis , this can be only speculation until a serologic test for non - A , non - B hepatitis becomes available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous studies demonstrated that the promyelocytic leukemia gene , PML which involved in the 15 ; 17 translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) is a growth and transformation suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These characteristics add to the suitability of NM441 as an effective prodrug of NM394 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding human gamma revealed an open reading frame predicting a protein of 299 amino acids ( approximately 32 kDa ) , half the size of the bovine gamma subunit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : The higher absolute knee extension strength measures of leg and the similar extension strength of the trunk in the obese sample compared to the lean might be explained by the training effect of weight bearing and support of a larger body mass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measuring the dim light melatonin onset ( DLMO ) is a useful and practical way to assess circadian phase position in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the energy - based DFT was not affected by isoproterenol ( from 6 . 1 + / - 1 . 5 to 6 . 0 + / - 1 . 7 J ) , it was decreased to 3 . 7 + / - 1 . 6 J in the third stage by infusion of E4031 and isoproterenol ( p < 0 . 01 vs . baseline and vs . isoproterenol ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This communication presents two patients with clinically massive PE of recent onset ( confirmed by lung perfusion scans ) who were successfully treated with a single i . v . dose of 30 mg of anisoylated lys - plasminogen streptokinase activator complex ( APSAC , comparable to 1 , 500 , 000 U of streptokinase ) followed by systemic heparinization for 7 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisoylated lys - plasminogen streptokinase activator complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 252]}, {"entity": "APSAC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 260]}, {"entity": "streptokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [296, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capillary tortuosity was a function of sarcomere length in all animals and this relationship was not changed by hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A survey of children with HBsAg markers related to their parents HBV markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBsAg markers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cases of intracapsular prostatic cancer the level of prostatic acid phosphatase ( PAP ) measured by radioimmunoassay was 1 . 4 + / - 0 . 8 micrograms / l .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostatic acid phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 82]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rv was 7 . 7 + / - 1 . 4 mmHg . ml - 1 . min . 100 g - 1 and Cv was 0 . 59 + / - 0 . 25 ml / mmHg , tau v calculated from the product of Rv and Cv was 4 . 20 + / - 1 . 58 s and from the ratio of delta V to delta Q was 4 . 95 + / - 1 . 53 s ( P = NS ) at a mean Pel of 17 . 6 + / - 3 . 7 mmHg . delta V was also produced by changing Pv ; the average tau v ( 1 . 95 + / - 0 . 37 s ) , was shorter than that with changes in flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral neuropathy in the cherry - red spot - myoclonus syndrome ( sialidosis type I ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meaning of hope in health and illness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For O3 , the correlation between personal exposures and ambient levels was weakest in the winter for residential microenvironments ( rs = 0 . 05 , p > 0 . 05 ) , and was strongest in the summer for outdoor near - roadway microenvironments ( rs = 0 . 91 , p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myb proto oncogene product ( c - Myb ) is a transcriptional regulator and its expression and function are tightly linked to the cellular entry into S phase and DNA synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "myb proto oncogene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "c - Myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , and in contrast to other MMP genes , no significative synergistic effect on CAT activity between the AP - 1 and PEA - 3 elements found in the collagenase - 3 gene promoter was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMP genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "PEA - 3 elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 138]}, {"entity": "collagenase - 3 gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The number of Spanish articles published in Anesthesiology , BJA , and Anesth Analg is low , although the comparison of our productivity with that of other EU countries in function of GNPpc places us in an intermediate position .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This fragment contains two complete endo - beta - 1 , 4 - glucanase - encoding genes , designated celCCC and celCCG .", "entity": [{"entity": "endo - beta - 1 , 4 - glucanase - encoding genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 84]}, {"entity": "celCCC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "celCCG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" Gregg phenomenon \" implies that myocardial function and oxygen consumption ( MVO2 ) increase when coronary perfusion is enhanced within or above the autoregulatory range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pollinosis in the U . A . R .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of sigma 54 promoters , known to require cognate binding proteins , could allow the fine - tuning that provides the temporal ordering of flagellar gene transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "sigma 54 promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over a period of five training sessions ( 2 . 5 days ) , the animals learned not to breathe , and the number of stimuli received in the fifth session was significantly lower than in the first session .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes on each chromosome involved in this translocation have been identified as the transcription factor - encoding genes PAX3 and FKHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "FKHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the PRP20 gene is identical to the yeast SRM1 gene ( Clark and Sprague 1989 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP20 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "yeast SRM1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activation of the proopiomelanocortin gene by cyclic AMP - responsive element binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "proopiomelanocortin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP - responsive element binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Platinum - Based Chemotherapy In Advanced Ovarian Cancer", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant Human Erythropoietin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After discharge , he was finally given a diagnosis of PCH because a Donath - Landsteiner test was positive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human forearm was used as a dummy ear and the electrode HN - 5 was fixed thereon , and a sound stimulus of 90dBnHL was delivered by the earphone ( NC - 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neonatal hyperthyroidism", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the frequency spectrum of physiologic chest sounds is contained entirely within that of jet rotocraft noise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , their stability was low as already reported for the ARS in S . occidentalis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When gene conversion is initiated by a double - strand break ( DSB ) , any nonhomologous DNA that may be present at the ends must be removed before new DNA synthesis can be initiated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRI visualization of proteoglycan depletion in articular cartilage via intravenous administration of Gd - DTPA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the GC - rich sequences could confer Sp1 - dependent transactivation to a heterologous prolactin minimal promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "prolactin minimal promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal activity of 58 dopaminergic ( DA ) and 200 non - dopaminergic ( non - DA ) neurons in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) of female monkeys was recorded , and correlation to bar press feeding , sensory stimulation and change in motivation was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum prolactin rapidly decreased after institution of treatment , with actual normalization ( less than 20 ng / ml ) by the 3rd month .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is required for correct expression of both genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning the cDNA for a new human zinc finger protein defines a group of closely related Kruppel - like transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "human zinc finger protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 52]}, {"entity": "Kruppel - like transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we and other laboratories have identified a family of caveolin - related proteins ; caveolin has been re - termed caveolin - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "caveolin - related proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 92]}, {"entity": "caveolin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "caveolin - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six cDNAs represent human homologs of genes known in other species , namely , mouse HSPE71 , Rat RhoGAP protein , S cerevisiae leucyl tRNA synthetase and S cerevisiae chromosome II ORF YBLO44W .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse HSPE71", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Rat RhoGAP protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "S cerevisiae leucyl tRNA synthetase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 149]}, {"entity": "S cerevisiae chromosome II ORF YBLO44W", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three high - amylose rice varieties , IR42 , IR36 , and IR62 , with similar chemical composition including amylose content ( 26 . 7 - 27 . 0 % ) , were cooked under the same conditions and tested for in vitro digestibility as well as blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy human volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [252, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatic isoform of 6 - phosphofructo - 2 - kinase / fructose - 2 , 6 - bisphosphatase ( PF2K / Fru - 2 , 6 - BPase ) is transcriptionally stimulated by glucocorticoids , whereas insulin blocks this stimulatory effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - phosphofructo - 2 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 53]}, {"entity": "fructose - 2 , 6 - bisphosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 89]}, {"entity": "PF2K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "Fru - 2 , 6 - BPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such simple injuries may however be accompanied by far reaching consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 132 - bp PHO8p fragment , connected at position - 281 of the 5 ' upstream region of a HIS5 ' - ' lacZ fused gene , could sense Pi signals in vivo , but a 20 - bp synthetic oligonucleotide having the same sequence from - 544 to - 525 of the PHO8p DNA could not .", "entity": [{"entity": "132 - bp PHO8p fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "HIS5 '", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "' lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "PHO8p DNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibiotic prophylaxis in a surgical setting", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In resume response to treatment with usual regimens , doxycycline plus streptomycin of doxycycline rifampicin is good , being however time elapsed until pain ceases of mean length in hospital stay shorter in the group receiving doxycycline plus streptomycin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates changes in postvaccination allergy to BCG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having demonstrated proper localization of GFP - calmodulin in budding yeast , we examined the localization of a fusion between GFP and calmodulin ( GFP - Camlp ) in fission yeast , where calmodulin had not been localized by any method .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "GFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "GFP - Camlp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common hosts were equines ( 31 % ) , bovines ( 25 % ) and raccoons ( 19 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between the RNA initiation site and the coding region is a GC - rich hairpin structure followed by 8 T residues that looks like a rho - independent transcription terminator .", "entity": [{"entity": "rho - independent transcription terminator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the conscious animals the increase reached statistical significance when the animals were exposed to 12 % oxygen in nitrogen , which produced a fall in arterial PaO2 of 44 . 7 + / - 5 . 0 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen eyes ( 38 . 9 % ) developed DLK after an epithelial defect , representing an odds ratio of 13 times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each subject was injected in the antecubital vein with 7 mg / kg of sodium fluorescein ( 25 % solution ) and measurements were taken 1 hr postinjection at 4 . 5 mm and 7 . 5 mm from the retina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such tetranucleotides are common in promoter regions , particularly in activating transcription factor / cyclic AMP response element - binding protein ( ATF / CREB ) and E - box motifs , suggesting that PIF may modulate the transcription of many genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "activating transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 102]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP response element - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 150]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "PIF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long terminal repeat is 590 bp in length , with the U3 region containing consensus sequences likely to be involved in viral gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pathogenetic relation with the Eisenmenger ' s syndrome is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - six calves were subjected to a technique of cryoablation in order to establish an animal model of complete cardiac denervation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PHO5 gene is activated by the Pho4p transcription factor , which itself is negatively regulated through phosphorylation by the products of PHO80 and PHO85 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHO5 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "Pho4p transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "PHO80", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "PHO85", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNS preventive treatment without cranial irradiation was effective in all the groups of ALL patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This deletion disrupts the PU . 1 Ets domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Ets domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal urinary 17 - hydroxycorticoid ( 17 - OHCS ) values were elevated in 9 / 12 patients and low dose dexamethasone suppression test favoured Cushing ' s syndrome in 8 / 9 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this cross - over controlled study , five male volunteers donated one unit of red cells by MCS and one unit of whole blood by the conventional manual method , 3 months apart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The derepressed expression of fixN was not observed in a purH mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "fixN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "purH mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipopolysaccharide - binding protein is a secretory class 1 acute - phase protein whose gene is transcriptionally activated by APRF / STAT / 3 and other cytokine - inducible nuclear proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "secretory class 1 acute - phase protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 85]}, {"entity": "APRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "STAT / 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal vein thrombosis in renal allografts : detection with duplex Doppler US .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , Shp2 regulates phosphotyrosine - signalling events during the complex ectodermal - mesenchymal interactions that regulate mammalian budding morphogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , in coronary artery disease patients , exercise - redistribution 201Thallium cardiac imaging with reinjection at rest can identify severely ischemic but still viable myocardium and may be particularly useful in the prognosis of such patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this effect , the present survey puts in evidence that the maximum delay of stream that guarantees the good dimensional stability of these class A alginates is of 45 minutes in the hot and humid climatic tropical country conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1995 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The term Kartagener syndrome applies to this syndrome when accompanied by infertility and dextrocardia or situs inversus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although immunoglobulin and CRP concentration increased , anemia obviously improved with hemoglobin levels increasing from 4 . 8 g / dl to 8 . 5 g / dl without any side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "CRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data also demonstrate that insulin and TPA activate MBP / MAP2 kinase activity by de novo phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues via a very similar pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "MBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "MAP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "100 and 51 p .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As regards the short stature , they have proved that the syndrome is related to low levels of somatomedin C ( SmC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatomedin C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "SmC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained with [ F304 ] R2 indicate that structural changes in E . coli R2 in the vicinity of this helix distortion can influence the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ F304 ] R2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "E . coli R2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result is consistent with the previous observation that expression of the hsp70 genes in T . brucei is mainly controlled at the posttranscriptional level .", "entity": [{"entity": "hsp70 genes in T . brucei", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cloned rRNA operon was transcribed in vitro by using purified RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "purified RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test whether Cd exposure would increase Ca release from bone during pregnancy and lactation in relation to the etiological mechanism of Itai - Itai disease , virgin female mice with 45Ca prelabeled skeletons ( 15 microCi / mouse ) were subjected to one round of pregnancy / lactation and were exposed to a Ca - deficient diet containing 0 , 5 , or 25 ppm Cd or 25 ppm Pb for 32 days , from conception until Lactation Day 14 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G - box binding factors ( GBFs ) constitute a family of plant DNA - binding proteins that bind to the G - box motif , a regulatory cis element present in many plant genes with a palindromic DNA motif of CACGTG .", "entity": [{"entity": "G - box binding factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "GBFs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ferric uptake regulation ( fur ) gene product participates in regulating expression of the manganese - and iron - containing superoxide dismutase genes of Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric uptake regulation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "fur", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "superoxide dismutase genes of Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was further suggested by transactivation assays in which mouse fibroblasts were transiently transfected with a human beta - globin reporter gene in the absence and presence of an LKLF cDNA construct .", "entity": [{"entity": "human beta - globin reporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 149]}, {"entity": "LKLF cDNA construct", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On average these maximum potency estimates were within one order of magnitude of the inverse maximum dose tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anovulatory cycles with an apparently normal level of blood prolactin .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CL100 suppresses the [ val12 ] ras - induced activation of MAP kinase in a cell - free system from Xenopus oocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CL100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximum levels of reporter proteins attained in transformed cells after prolonged induction represented from 1 % to 7 % of total cellular protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular drug use and hospitalizations attributable to type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PK domain showed pairwise in vitro binding interactions with the pseudokinase , HisRS , and C - term domains ; additionally , the HisRS domain interacted with the C - term region .", "entity": [{"entity": "HisRS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "HisRS domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal cell carcinoma induced Coombs negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia responsive to nephrectomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The c - Jun delta - domain inhibits neuroendocrine promoter activity in a DNA sequence - and pituitary - specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Jun delta - domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , antisense mediated reduction of Elk - 1 in GH4 cells decreased insulin - increased prolactin gene expression and confirmed the requirement for Elk - 1 for insulin - increased prolactin gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elk - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "prolactin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "Elk - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "prolactin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smooth pursuit gain and the percentage of total eye movement due to various saccadic subtypes were computed using infrared oculography and computerized pattern recognition software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is similar to previous reports of muscle creatine phosphokinase release in psychiatric patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle creatine phosphokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TaqI and HaeIII RFLPs will provide tools for the genetic analysis of CR2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TaqI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "HaeIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "CR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transient induction of both c - fos and c - jun mRNAs by TPA was observed in both cell populations , together with an associated suppression of BSP mRNA in the fetal rat calvarial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "c - jun mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "BSP mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitoxantrone plus ara - C is an active combination with great promise for the therapy of previously untreated patients with AML .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During an observation period of 12 weeks after halving atenolol from a mean dose of 82 mg to 41 mg , no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or in response rate ( defined as a diastolic blood pressure of 95 mm Hg or less ) were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diet imbalances and aflatoxicosis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WBC differential ( SEG , BAND , LYMPH , MONO , EOSINO , BASO ) usually showed log - normal distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of the respondents ( 83 . 4 % ) considered that coitus should not be stopped during pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic analyses indicate that most of the dominant mutants are cis - acting and that the recessive mutants define a minimum of three complementation groups , indicating that defects in several different genes can restore higher levels of HIS4C expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIS4C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [239, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During normoxic exercise , at a mean O2 uptake ( VO2 ) of 4 . 0 l / min , almitrine increased arterial PO2 ( PaO2 ) ( P < 0 . 05 ) , SaO2 ( P < 0 . 01 ) , and VE ( P < 0 . 05 ) and decreased arterial PCO2 ( P < 0 . 01 ) , without affecting pulmonary hemodynamics or ventilation - perfusion distributions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant protein encoded by ESX ( for epithelial - restricted with serine box ) exhibits Ets - like DNA binding specificity in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and , in transient transfection assays , transactivates Ets - responsive promoter elements including that found in the HER2 / neu oncogene .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "epithelial - restricted with serine box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 80]}, {"entity": "Ets - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "Ets - responsive promoter elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 258]}, {"entity": "HER2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [287, 291]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [294, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Static and dynamic MRI of the normal and pathological female pelvic floor", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystals of the triple mutant A42D / D47P / A63L , which are stable for days in its oxidized form , were grown from ammonium sulfate , with the cell constants a = b = 34 . 3 A and c = 111 . 8 A belonging to space group P3 ( 2 ) 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A42D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "D47P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "A63L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two adjacent , highly homologous endoglucanase genes , celD and celE from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 , which were separated by an AT - rich 223 - nucleotide intergenic region were characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "homologous endoglucanase genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 52]}, {"entity": "celD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "celE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis of this region showed it contained five potential copies of the sterol regulatory element ( SRE - 1 ) ( Smith , J . R . , Osborne , T . F . , Brown , M . S . , Goldstein , J . L . , and Gil , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity of benzoyl chloride ( 2 , 4 , 6 - trichlorophenyl ) hydrazone ( Banamite ) and potential metabolites to twospotted spider mites and potency as inhibitors of rat liver monoamine oxidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat liver monoamine oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal PaO2 fell somewhat during the recovery stages in both NIT and control groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also showed which amino acid residues would contact an extended TATA box with a B recognition element , and evolutionary conservation of the TBP - TFB - DNA complex orientation between two archaeal organisms with widely different optimal temperature for growth ( 37 and 100 degrees C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "B recognition element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 104]}, {"entity": "TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "TFB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average progression was 11 . 6 ( SD 9 . 0 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 . 9 x 109 L - 1 ) was equal for both groups , but CCI values were significantly higher for the bedside filtered PC ( 14 . 1 + / - 9 . 5 vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Result were as followed : 1 ) Early cancer - like advanced cancers were consisted of 133 lesions , of which 128 lesions ( 96 . 2 % ) had peptic ulcer in cancerous lesion ( 73 lesions were active stage and 55 lesions were scarring stage ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median cumulative incidence rates were found to be 341 per million for males and 296 per million for females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unexpected prevalence of c - myc and alpha - tubulin in the S - phase library is supported by Northern analysis of RNA from phase - synchronous cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "alpha - tubulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of periodate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Satisfactory correlation was also obtained between the in vivo and the in vitro results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eleven of the 12 exons have complete sequence homology with the RBM - 1 sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "RBM - 1 sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyoma virus in urine during pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using probes from these regions , rearrangements have been identified in each of nine cases of t ( 8 ; 21 ) AML examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delta G values of these regions were higher , i . e . potential secondary structural elements were fewer , than in TIR of genes from E . coli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each patient , MBF was quantified in the three major vascular territories : the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery territories and the right coronary artery ( control region ) territory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of shosaikoto , an oriental herbal medicinal mixture , on restraint - stressed mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that 99mTc - HL91 is a potent marker of myocardial viability when used during the early acute phase after reperfusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose may reduce slightly the pool of amino nitrogen available for albumin and urea synthesis by diverting some of the infused amino acids from protein synthesis by the liver to muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The community - acquired bacteremia was mainly due to E . coli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The benzo - pyrone drug Venalot had a considerable effect in reducing the protein concentration in the air spaces and the interstitial tissue , and of the oedema in the latter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brains were bisected and T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined for the right and left hemispheres by MR spectroscopy immediately after dissection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact function of IP - 30 is not yet known , but it may play a role in gamma - interferon mediated immune reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "IP - 30", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "gamma - interferon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , ectopic expression of MOX4 in aerobic cells resulted in partially constitutive expression of DAN1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MOX4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "DAN1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , gel shift assays showed that ORF2 was able to bind to promoter fragment 566 - 888 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of K14 in H3 , which serves as the major target of recombinant Gcn5p acetylation in vitro , confers a strong , synthetic growth defect in gcn5 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "H3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "recombinant Gcn5p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "gcn5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination revealed variable loss of motor neurons limited to the injection site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal B cells stimulated by LPS or IL - 4 , new complexes appear that bind to C / EBP and NF - IL - 4 elements , respectively , located within the - 125 / - 101 region .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "C / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "NF - IL - 4 elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phylogenetic analysis using a neighbor - joining algorithm showed closest similarity of the horse mu chain - encoding constant region gene to human and dog sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "horse mu chain - encoding constant region gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progressive immunodeficiency in a patient with IgA deficiency", "entity": [{"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mouse embryo cells ( C57BL / 6 , H - 2b ) transformed by the E1A and E1B genes of adenovirus type 5 ( Ad5E1 MEC ) are highly immunogenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "E1B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that subjects would demonstrate PKAR during both hopping and stepping , adding support to the hypothesis that PKAR is a centrally mediated adaptation of general locomotor trajectory that is not specific to the form of locomotion used while on the rotating disk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major open reading frame of the cDNA predicts a protein of 59 kD , with a leucine zipper situated adjacent to an myc - related motif that has been proposed to assume a helix - loop - helix structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "myc - related motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical management of early - stage breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other Fischer - 344 rats were also exposed for 1 hr to 0 . 0 or to 0 . 6 ppm O3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence from four areas - - sensory deprivation , enriched environments , nervous system plasticity , and sensitive periods of neurodevelopment - - suggests that sensory stimulation programs are potentially beneficial for STR patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limb defects , oligodactyly and syndactyly , have been traced to improper differentiation of the apical ectodermal ridge ( AER ) and shortening of the anteroposterior limb axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Action against Vibrio cholerae O1 Tox + of chemical products used in the lemon production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tox +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sera collected in 1973 - 1975 from 3053 residents of 12 selected Alaskan Eskimo villages were tested for evidence of hepatitis B virus infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donehower and H .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied some of the parameters governing the expression of a foreign promoter - reporter gene construct incorporated into herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) type 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cDNA cloning reveals two mouse beta5 integrin transcripts distinct in cytoplasmic domains as a result of alternative splicing .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse beta5 integrin transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with repeated proteinuria during follow - up tend to have a higher incidence of pathologic findings on the i . v . - pyelogram .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The translated sequence of the FLI LRR associated protein ( FLAP ) encodes a novel protein not represented in the data base .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLI LRR associated protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 57]}, {"entity": "FLAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the effects of eight signaling molecules in the TGFbeta , FGF , Hh , Wnt , and EGF families in tooth explant cultures revealed that the expression of edar was induced by activinbetaA , whereas Wnt6 induced ectodysplasin expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGFbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "FGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "Hh", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "Wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "EGF families", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "edar", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "activinbetaA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "Wnt6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 213]}, {"entity": "ectodysplasin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two separate studies , specimens of saliva from 57 individuals over the age of 65 years ( mean age , 76 . 7 years ) and 37 persons under the age of 40 years ( mean age , 28 . 8 years ) were examined for concentrations of IgA as functions of volume , total protein , and electrolyte conductivity ; some were also tested for IgG and IgM content .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [326, 329]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [334, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the plant malate synthases , the extension is probably involved in routing to the microbodies , since it contains the potential peroxisomal targeting signal , Ser - Arg / Lys - Leu , at the carboxy terminus .", "entity": [{"entity": "plant malate synthases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These motifs , and their cognate transcription factors , appear to act in concert , with partial redundancy , so that discrete mutations were only partially effective in reducing transcriptional activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon incubation of the most highly purified fractions with Mn - ATP or Mg - ATP , p40 was the only protein phosphorylated on tyrosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "p40", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLINICAL FEATURES : This 30 - yr - old gravida V para 0 woman presented to the anaesthesia consultation clinic at 37 - wk gestation to discuss pain relief options for labour and delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Judge Christian Byk renders service to the Steering Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe ( CDBI ) by proposing a draft of the protocol destined to fill in a gap in international law on the status of the human embryo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with this model , elimination of the ADAM13 cytoplasmic domain increased developmental alterations attributable to ADAM13 proteolytic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADAM13 cytoplasmic domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "ADAM13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies in B . glabrata , B . straminea and B . tenagophila under outdoor conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E . R . C . P . is an important advance in diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also appears that in patients with laboratory diagnosis of prerenal acute renal failure ( i . e . , a RFT less than 1 . 0 ) , the response to treatment is unpredictable and in fact may have a worse prognosis than in those with a RFI greater than 1 . 0 ( 5 / 7 deaths vs 10 / 48 deaths ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strangulated intestinal pathologies of horses are accompanied by a local activation of the neutrophils , that can be revealed by measuring the tissular enzymatic activity of the granulocytic enzyme myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloperoxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "MPO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human protein is encoded by a 900 - base pair - long mRNA that is expressed in the glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium in a cyclic manner ; in addition , it is found in the mucosal epithelial cells of the fallopian tubes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 80 kb preceding the expression site has few , if any , functional ORFs , but contains 50 bp repeats , INGI retrotransposon - like elements , and novel 4 - 12 kb repeats found near other telomeres .", "entity": [{"entity": "INGI retrotransposon - like elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather than seeking a blanket characterization of an essentially heterogeneous group , it may be more useful to consider idiom comprehension a secondary manifestation of semantic and / or pragmatic difficulties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two redox centers in the protein , FAD and a [ 4Fe4S ] + 2 , + 1 cluster , are present in a 64 - kDa monomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BDU neurons and the ALM touch neurons are lineal sister cells in the AB . a lineage and the VA and VB motor neurons are lineal sister cells in the AB . p lineage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that a 0 . 25 mg dose of triazolam does not effectively counteract a posture - induced sleep disturbance , but induces changes in the EEG spectra which are typical for benzodiazepine receptor agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological actions of VHR in oocytes clearly distinguish it from other dual specificity phosphatases , which have shown inhibitory effects when tested in oocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discriminant function analysis suggests that AUDIT scores can successfully identify SAT - positive and SAT - negative patients ; the analysis accounted for 42 . 5 % of the variance and correctly classified 84 . 6 % of the sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Failure to demonstrate a major anti - inflammatory effect with alpha tocopherol supplementation ( 400 IU / day ) in normal subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flanking open reading frames in pARGC2 showed no homologies to arginine biosynthetic genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen pretreated castrated males also showed no change in myocardial blood flow after 17 beta - estradiol , but coronary flow velocity decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) compared with baseline 1 h after the 200 ng / kg dose ( from 1 . 69 + / - 0 . 61 to 1 . 41 + / - 0 . 42 kHz ) and diastolic coronary resistance increased significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) compared with control at this time ( 51 + / - 15 compared with 39 + / - 14 mmHg / mkHz ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies permit considering the detected shifts in the immunity system an important component of the pathogenesis of chronic nontumorous diseases of the parotid glands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of different protein systems with microtubules is a critical step in the cellular function of these organelles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis of liver , muscle , fat , and pituitary RNA from normal ( DwDw ) chickens shows a major transcript of 4 . 3 kilobases ( kb ) and three minor transcripts ( 0 . 8 , 1 . 7 , and 3 . 2 kb ) , which correspond to the cGHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SHBG concentrations in women were also significantly higher at T - 2 and T - 3 when compared to T - 1 values .", "entity": [{"entity": "SHBG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromosome - specific STSs for 27 telomeres were identified from the 196 TYACs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient groups consisted of 31 with dilated cardiomyopathy , 22 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , 38 with myocardial infarction , 15 with angina pectoris and 26 with rheumatic valvular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two yeast pheromone receptors , the a and alpha - factor receptors , share many functional similarities : both G protein - coupled receptors couple to the same downstream signal transduction pathway , and both receptors undergo feedback regulation involving increased phosphorylation on their C - terminal domains in response to ligand challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast pheromone receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 33]}, {"entity": "a and alpha - factor receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 70]}, {"entity": "G protein - coupled receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart rate and oxygen consumption increased 75 + / - 4 bpm and 26 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 ml O2 / kg x min ( - 1 ) from supine resting values , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also produces an NH2 terminus that corresponds to an equivalent NH2 terminus on the processed matrix form of the similar alpha1 ( XI ) chain , thus suggesting physiological significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha1 ( XI ) chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the transactivation potential of each of the four Ahr Sp1 sites , we fused the Ahr promoter to a luciferase ( LUC ) reporter gene and transfected the construct into the Drosophila cell line Schneider - 2 , which contains no Sp1 or Sp1 - like factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ahr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Sp1 sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "Ahr promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "LUC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [237, 240]}, {"entity": "Sp1 - like factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results of this analysis , we also predict that the budding yeast arsenate resistance protein Acr2 and the ORF Ygr203w encode protein phosphatases with catalytic properties similar to that of the Cdc25 family .", "entity": [{"entity": "budding yeast arsenate resistance protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 106]}, {"entity": "Acr2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "ORF Ygr203w", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "Cdc25 family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in 7 patients with normal CT results the latter method showed areas of cerebral activity anatomically correlated with neurological signs or vascular lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signal transduction in fibroblasts stably transformed by [ Val12 ] Ras - - the activities of extracellular - signal - regulated kinase and Jun N - terminal kinase are only moderately increased , and the activity of the delta - inhibitor of c - Jun is not alleviated .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular - signal - regulated kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 134]}, {"entity": "Jun N - terminal kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 162]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avian EMILIN was extracted from 19 - day - old embryonic chick aortas and associated blood vessels and purified by ion - exchange chromatography and gel filtration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avian EMILIN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymptomatic ischaemia during daily life in stable coronary artery disease : relevant or redundant ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual intolerance to betaxolol will continue to occur and care is always required when patients with cardiac or respiratory dysfunction are exposed to any beta - antagonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Prospective case study ( Canadian Task Force classification II - 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest incidence was observed for V . alginolyticus ( 92 - 100 % ) , followed by V . parahaemolyticus ( 67 - 92 % ) , V . fluvialis ( 34 - 67 % ) , V . vulnificus ( 8 - 17 % ) , V . furnissii ( 0 - 17 % ) , V . mimicus ( 0 - 17 % ) and V . cholerae non - O1 ( 0 - 8 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - consistent calculation of the surface electronic structure of the ( 1 x 2 ) reconstructed Au ( 110 ) surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , polypropylene glycol , PG - C , and corn oil all removed 68 - 86 % of the MDI in the first h , 74 - 79 % at 4 h , and 72 - 86 % at 8 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peak insulin response to glucose infusion declined from Groups 1 to 3 ( 51 + / - 14 , 42 . 4 + / - 31 , 20 . 4 + / - 6 . 8 microU / ml , respectively ) with Group 3 exhibiting a significantly decreased mean peak level compared to the other groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical structure of antibiotic SF - 837 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reexamination of the cdc4 - 1 mutant revealed that , in addition to being defective in the onset of S phase , it is also defective in G ( 2 ) / M transition when released from hydroxyurea - induced S - phase arrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "cdc4 - 1 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure and regulation of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "luteinizing hormone receptor gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The procedure was technically successful in 12 of 14 ( 86 % ) stenoses in the fibromuscular dysplasia subgroup but in only one of five ( 20 % ) lesions in the neurofibromatosis subgroup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amplitude of late surface ( P2 and N2 ) and depth ( B and C ) components significantly decreased when patients shifted from SWS IV to PS and increased from PS to W2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unconventional mRNA processing in the expression of two calcineurin B isoforms in Dictyostelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcineurin B isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T1 and T2 values were calculated from guinea pig brain in vivo at 0 . 5 T .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A chest - X ray film showed infiltrative shadows in the right middle and lower lung fields , but a chest CT scan showed an abnormal lung density in the right lower lobe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription of the inserted gene into the predicted subgenomic polyadenylated mRNA was demonstrated by Northern ( RNA ) blot hybridization analysis , and the encoded protein was detected by enzyme assay and by radioimmunoprecipitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then supplemented these spliceosomes with purified proteins or yeast extract fractions as a functional assay for second - step splicing factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The severity of the psychomotor retardation varied from mild to severe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma insulin responses to glucose in femoral , hepatic , and pancreatic veins in dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reading achievement of students with learning disabilities who received reading instruction through the DISTAR program was compared to that of similar students using basal reader materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the possibility that DNA - protein interactions at homologous nucleotide sequences like those identified in PII are part of a regulatory gene cascade that participates in timing fla gene expression in the C . crescentus cell cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "fla gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that a region of high homology between the members of this class of proteins contains a type A nucleotide binding site consensus sequence which has ATPase activity and is sufficient to bind DNA containing specific mismatched residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detergent - solubilized complex oxidizes caldariella quinol at high rates and is completely inhibited by cyanide and by quinolone analogs , potent inhibitors of quinol oxidases .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinol oxidases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly , the murine P - selectin gene had several features not found in the human gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine P - selectin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistently , we show that phosphorylation by protein kinase A inhibits Sfl1 DNA binding in vitro , and that a tpk2Delta mutation increases the levels of Sfl1 protein associated with specific promoter elements in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "Sfl1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "tpk2Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "Sfl1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This region was unfavourable , due to malaria in the past .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SM binds RNA in vitro , suggesting that sequence - or structure - specific mRNA interactions might mediate SM specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "SM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "SM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stress - induced suppression of the prolactin afternoon surge in ovariectomized , estrogen - treated rats and the nocturnal surge in pseudopregnant rats are accompanied by an increase in median eminence dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro kinase assays on isolated microvilli and microvillar fractions enriched in the putative signal transduction particle showed a high specific activity of tyrosine kinase activity compared to that of membranes from EGF receptor - overexpressing A431 cells maximally activated by EGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 233]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these , four patients had the AIDS syndrome , while 42 individuals were HIV carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carcinogenic action of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UASB reactors treated a VFA mixture ( with an acetate : propionate : butyrate ratio of 5 : 3 : 2 on COD basis ) or acetate as the sole substrate at different COD : sulfate ratios .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lack of changes in milk production and milk composition suggest that acute increases in somatotropin with concomitant increases in insulin are not sufficient to stimulate synthesis of milk and milk components by cows during established lactation .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatotropin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial oral administration of the 1 and 2 mg / kg doses of enoximone improved central hemodynamic parameters with apparent preferential reduction of limb vascular resistance and augmentation of blood flow to the limb region ( peripheral musculoskeletal system ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic clones containing the C . briggsae gene are able to completely rescue the unc - 119 phenotype in transgenic C . elegans mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "unc - 119 phenotype", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright 1999 Academic Press .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of phosphorylation on receptor desensitization was assessed using receptor mutants expressed in COS cells or Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For il8ra , it is formed from two exons , whereas for il8rb , seven distinct neutrophil mRNAs are formed by alternative splicing of 11 exons .", "entity": [{"entity": "il8ra", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "il8rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coding sequence of rat MEK kinase 1 ( MEKK1 ) has been determined from multiple , independent cDNA clones .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat MEK kinase 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "MEKK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By deletion analysis , we identified the regions of c - Jun encoding transformation and transactivation functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several waveforms of both the somatosensory ( N20 , P / N 30 , and P200 ) and the brainstem auditory - evoked response ( I , III , IV , and V ) demonstrated shorter ( p less than 0 . 05 ) latencies in growth - retarded fetuses relative to normal - sized fetuses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response to nitroglycerin , however , remained intact regardless of initial reperfusion pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions were also detected between full - length HSF1 and the small subunit ( gamma ) of TFIIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "TFIIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyknotic osteocytes increased at 12 h ( p less than 0 . 01 ) and 2 days ( p less than 0 . 001 ) of ischemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis indicated that both human and murine genes encode approximately 6 - kb transcripts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALT ( alanine aminotransferase ) and Hb ( hemoglobin ) appeared to be predictive for efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "alanine aminotransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 30]}, {"entity": "Hb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal behavior was assessed using observational techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of timepidium bromide ( TB ; anticholinergic agent ) , acetylcholine ( ACh ) and neostigmine ( Neost ) on gastric and duodenal blood flow distribution were studied by the use of 131I - labeled macroaggregated human serum albumin ( MAA ) in rabbits .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [239, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleotide sequence of the gag gene and gag - pol junction of feline leukemia virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "gag gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "pol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When using the high - impedance testing device , the post shock rhythm was initially displayed as ' no signal ' ( Hewlett Packard XL ) or ' asystole ' ( Physio - Control LIFEPAK 9 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasma steroid levels in the CAPD patients after each infusion rate were equal to or greater than the levels in normal subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nramp2 contains a classical iron responsive element in the 3 ' untranslated region that confers iron dependent mRNA stabilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nramp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , reduced metabolism to cotinine from the proliposomes and MP was apparently responsible for the sustained plasma nicotine levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BCR - ABL expression confers cross - resistance to multiple genotoxic anticancer drugs by inhibition of the apoptotic response to DNA damage in association with cell cycle arrest at the G2 - M restriction point .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ABL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When a longer - 714 to + 78 fragment of the PBGD promoter is used , the - 70 GATA mutant still displays erythroid - specific activity and is cis - activated by the 5 ' HS - 2 enhancer , while the - 100 CCACC mutant is completely inactive in the absence or in the presence of the 5 ' HS - 2 enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBGD promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "5 ' HS - 2 enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 183]}, {"entity": "5 ' HS - 2 enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [279, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion analysis revealed that only the TM domain of E2 was required for Golgi targeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In area CA1 of the hippocampus , numbers of normal neurons were increased 11 - to 14 - fold by MK - 801 treatment ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering these two facts together , we propose that vasectomy may lead to decrease in the incidence of prostatic tumors - a disease that claims nearly 22 , 000 lives each year in the United States alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies aim at characterizing the trans - acting factors that mediate the spatial and temporal expression of Hox genes in the developing embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hox genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least one such complex is eliminated by preincubating the nuclear extract with an antibody with broad cross - reactivity with Ets - 1 and Ets - 2 proteins , thus confirming that an ETS transcription factor ( s ) recognizes the - 12 motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "Ets - 2 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "ETS transcription factor ( s )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paraplegia associated with intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas exchange was measured breath by breath .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Peripheral kappa receptor agonists may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of functional dyspepsia .", "entity": [{"entity": "kappa receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Checking for patient compliance , samples ( n = 10 ) with a FK I concentration of 0 ng / mL were re - analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation : billion dollar force for health - care change .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support an in vivo interaction between Nck and CKI - gamma2 and suggest that CKI - gamma2 could be involved in signaling pathways downstream of RTKs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "CKI - gamma2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "CKI - gamma2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "RTKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Hydroxyproline assays were performed to determine collagen content .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological basis for the changes in CNAPs produced by CS2 is under investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - suppressed thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake ( RAIU ) in thyrotoxic phase in a case of subacute thyroiditis with thyroid - stimulating antibodies ( TSAb ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blotting analysis of intestinal RNA and hybridization of the blots with carboxy apoB cDNA probes produced a single 15 - kb hybridization band whereas hybridization with amino terminal probes produced two hybridization bands of 15 and 8 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "apoB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temporal expression of CRAlBP is similar to IRBP while bFGF is not expressed until after photoreceptor differentiation is complete .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRAlBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "IRBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "bFGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several components in cytokine signaling remain unidentified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virgin , P .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present report shows that a cis - acting element between - 189 and - 175 bp , which binds thyroid transcription factor - 1 ( TTF - 1 ) , is involved in both activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid transcription factor - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 126]}, {"entity": "TTF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No universally accepted standardized classification system for acne vulgaris exists , although there is a strong need for it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constant slowing of median MNCV and SNCV and ulnar SNCV without changes in morphology , amplitude and duration of MAP and SAP have been observed in 92 patients , with persistent abnormalities in 64 cases after six months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kudzu extract shows potential for moderating alcohol abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum IgG and IgA level were decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel zinc finger - containing RNA - binding protein conserved from fruitflies to humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - affinity binding was also observed with recombinant SH2 domains from v - src and v - fps , raising the possibility of protein - protein interactions between various members of the cytoplasmic PTK family .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 70]}, {"entity": "v - src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "v - fps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "cytoplasmic PTK family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The M - phase induction activity of Cdc2 - Cdc13 is inhibited by Wee1 tyrosine kinase , which phosphorylates Cdc2 on tyrosine - 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdc2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Cdc13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Wee1 tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 85]}, {"entity": "Cdc2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Youssoufian , A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1988 Modulit - SZ - 20 has been tested for localization of nephroliths and ureteroliths .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactate , pyruvate and actual pH values in the venous blood of newborn calves", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The steady - state levels of Cdk2 , Cdk4 and Cyclin A proteins were unaffected by HPR , while those of Cyclin D1 were significantly reduced in all three cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "Cdk4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Cyclin A proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "Cyclin D1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dermatoglyphic pattern demostrates a distal triradius and small whorl abnormalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results suggest equilibrium complex formation between OTC and PVP , it being mainly the complex which is i . v . injected when both products are combined in an injection formulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MI site is predictive of hemodynamic left ventricular dysfunction both at rest and during exercise : anterior MIs are more impaired than inferior MIs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median survival time was 18 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies with and without attenuating media were performed , and myocardium - to - defect count ratios and defect sizes from dual - isotope SPECT images were compared to myocardium - to - defect count ratios and defect sizes from single - isotope ( 201Tl and 99mTc ) SPECT images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biology of Anopheles quadrimaculatus under field conditions in central Florida .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This transformation suppression by Rb was further shown to be due to transcriptional repression of neu using Rb expressing effector plasmid and neu promoter - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "Rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , a unique mechanism involving NF - ATp appears to regulate the cell type - specific and activation - dependent expression of the SCM - 1 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - ATp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "SCM - 1 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In seven patients ( 7 . 8 % ) with new Q - waves and a pathologic CK - MB profile ( group II ) troponin T reached median levels of 10 . 47 micrograms / l ( quartile 6 . 34 - 12 . 50 micrograms / l ) ( P < 0 . 001 I vs II ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CK - MB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "troponin T", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EMG - based measures of fatigue during a repetitive squat exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The results show that intranasal challenge with FLU induces changes in leukocyte histamine release , but not other systemic immune and inflammatory responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot analysis revealed that CCaMK is encoded by a single gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCaMK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gamma - GCS gene is expressed ubiquitously and induced coordinately with NAD ( P ) H : quinone oxidoreductase ( 1 ) ( NQO1 ) and glutathione S - transferase Ya ( GST Ya ) in response to xenobiotics and antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - GCS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H : quinone oxidoreductase ( 1 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 119]}, {"entity": "NQO1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "glutathione S - transferase Ya", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 163]}, {"entity": "GST Ya", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fine - structure radiation hybrid map for the region that extends from D8S520 ( distal ) to D8S1759 ( proximal ) was prepared , followed by construction of a single , integrated YAC / BAC contig for the interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "D8S520", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "D8S1759", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N1 - P2 amplitudes of the AEP decreased with increasing strength of muscular innervation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurements in rats given a dose of propranolol that partially inhibited the NA - induced increase in Q to IBAT indicated that the decline in ENAIBAT was attributable primarily to the increase in Q rather than to increasing saturation of uptake mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Messenger RNA for the Ad2 DNA binding protein : DNA sequences encoding the first leader and heterogenity at the mRNA 5 ' end .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ad2 DNA binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All rights reserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were not obtained using either preimmune sera or antiserum specific for the luminal portion of the glycoprotein precursor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yeast genome contains a single ORD1 gene that resides on chromosome XI .", "entity": [{"entity": "ORD1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HNF4alpha7 mRNA is also found in totipotent embryonic stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNF4alpha7 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern ( RNA ) blot hybridization analysis with the p68c - ets - 1 - specific sequence and RNase protection experiments showed that the corresponding mRNA was expressed in normal chicken spleen and not in normal chicken thymus or in various T lymphoid cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "p68c - ets - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "RNase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fz - 1 and fz - 2 genes are widely expressed in rat tissues with the highest steady - state levels of mRNA in kidney , liver , heart , uterus , and ovary . fz - 1 and - 2 mRNA levels were greater in neonatal than in corresponding adult tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "fz - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "fz - 2 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "fz - 1 and - 2 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We carried out two experiments to investigate this problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean concentration of insulin in maternal plasma across all sampling times was higher in ethanol treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steady - state levels of murine MMR mRNA were measured in the macrophage cell line J774E , which is known to express the protein at the cell surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine MMR mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have used Xenopus oocyte maturation as a read - out for examining the ability of the neu tyrosine kinase ( p185neu ) to participate with the epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) receptor in a common signal transduction pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "p185neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triaxiality in the proton - neutron interacting boson model : Perturbed O ( 6 ) symmetry with application to the mass A", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of distinct mitogen - activated protein kinase pathways and cooperation between Ets - 2 , ATF - 2 , and Jun family members in human urokinase - type plasminogen activator gene induction by interleukin - 1 and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 51]}, {"entity": "Ets - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "ATF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Jun family members", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 127]}, {"entity": "human urokinase - type plasminogen activator gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 180]}, {"entity": "interleukin - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative volumetric analysis is defined as the difference between mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume in peripheral blood ( MCVB ) diluted in urine supernatant after centrifugation and mean corpuscular volume of urinary erythrocytes ( MCVU ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess whether thallium - 201 thallous chloride ( Tl ) can detect childhood tumors and whether diagnostic effectiveness improves with combined blood flow imaging , 28 children ( 1 . 0 - 18 . 6 years ) were studied using single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) : Tl ( 1 . 3 - 1 . 8 mCi intravenously ) , followed in 13 of the patients by technetium - 99m - hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ( 99mTc - HMPAO ; 8 - 18 mCi intravenously ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of NUT1 and regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the disease process was evaluated by pathogenicity assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "NUT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of tobacco mRNA using the ACBF cDNA as probe showed that while ACBF mRNA was present in all tissues examined , the highest transcript accumulation occurred in stem tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACBF cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "ACBF mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When PCR was used to amplify agar cultures which do not express the fimbriae , the switch region was OFF only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore investigated whether the promoter activity of the mouse TRH gene is directly regulated by RA using a transient transfection assay into CV - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse TRH gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study tests the hypothesis that O2 is a critical component in myocardial protection afforded by BCP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sin4 and Srb10 , components of specific RNA polymerase II sub - complexes that are required for Ssn6 - Tup1 repression activity , are found to be required for Sfl1 repression function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sin4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Srb10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase II sub - complexes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 73]}, {"entity": "Ssn6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "Tup1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "Sfl1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional PET scanning in the preoperative assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MEE was significantly greater than the BEE and significantly less than the calculated energy expenditure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differences were not found in colons by SEM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this , rh5 expression in R8 disappears when R7 cells are absent ( in sevenless mutant ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "rh5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "R8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "sevenless mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human RIL gene : mapping to human chromosome 5q31 . 1 , genomic organization and alternative transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIL gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicated that p35 is a trans - dominant factor that facilitates AcMNPV growth in a cell line - specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "p35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found remarkable differences in the expression patterns of MTB - Zf mRNA and two other hybridizable mRNAs of 5kb and 8 . 5 kb when human brain and primary brain tumors were compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTB - Zf mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently shown that induced expression of a CDK target site - deficient mutant , Op18 - S25A , S38A , blocks human cell lines during G2 / M transition .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "Op18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATF6 , a basic - leucine zipper protein , was isolated by binding to SRF and in particular to its transcriptional activation domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATF6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "basic - leucine zipper protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 39]}, {"entity": "SRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ICU length of stay shorter than 24 h was not related to the frequency of group C errors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primers were developed for specific amplification of 9804 gene fragments .", "entity": [{"entity": "9804 gene fragments", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that GGTase - I inhibitors arrest cells in G0 / G1 and induce accumulation of p21WAF in a p53 - independent manner and that FTase inhibitors can interfere with cell cycle events by a mechanism that involves neither p21WAF nor p27KIP .", "entity": [{"entity": "GGTase - I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "p21WAF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "FTase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "p21WAF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [241, 247]}, {"entity": "p27KIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [252, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide strong evidence that conserved interhelical packing interactions in the gp41 core are important determinants of HIV - 1 entry and its inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "gp41 core", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , CR2 possesses an essential function besides pRb - binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "CR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "pRb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of horseradish peroxidase ( HRP ) into the cerebellar flocculus of the rat was employed to identify neurons in the abducens nucleus that project to the flocculus .", "entity": [{"entity": "horseradish peroxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "HRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natl .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , NF - kappa B activation was observed in these cells after PMA stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From our own investigations on phantoms , the smallest signal - to - noise ratio ( delta S min / delta R ) was obtained which determines the minimal contrast , given the film properties ( film response S , film gradient gamma ) and the amount of scatter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It encodes a sequence - specific transcription factor that controls , in concert with other gene products , differentiative pathways of tissues in which Scr is expressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We functionally characterised AtXPO1 by its interaction with NESs of animal and plant proteins , which is inhibited by the cytotoxin leptomycin B ( LMB ) , and also by its interaction with the small GTPase Ran1 in the yeast two - hybrid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "AtXPO1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "small GTPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 205]}, {"entity": "Ran1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of self - measured blood pressure determinations in assessing dynamics of drug compliance in a study with amlodipine once a day , morning versus evening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme encoded by the cloned fragment is equally active on pyruvate and hydroxypyruvate , indicating that the enzyme has both D - lactate and D - glycerate dehydrogenase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - lactate and D - glycerate dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that unc - 37 may be regulated by unc - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "unc - 37", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "unc - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gag - myc proteins encoded by these variants efficiently localized to the cell nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the supposition that there exists a possible connection between certain psychopathological symptoms , and / or syndromes ( e . g . , hallucinations ) and regional cerebral dysfunction , patients suffering from auditory and tactile hallucinations were investigated , in a symptom - oriented study , using the method of technetium - 99m - Hexamethyl - propylenamine Oxime ( 99m - Tc - HMPAO ) - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography ( SPECT ) and compared with normal controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encoded 260 - amino - acid ( aa ) ( H1 - I ) and 240 - aa ( H1 - II ) polypeptides possess the typical tripartite organization of animal H1 histones , with variable N - and C - terminal domains flanking a conserved ' globular ' DNA - binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "260 - amino - acid ( aa ) ( H1 - I )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 48]}, {"entity": "240 - aa ( H1 - II ) polypeptides", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 86]}, {"entity": "animal H1 histones", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best - studied neurotrophin , nerve growth factor ( NGF ) , is a major survival factor in sympathetic and sensory neurons and promotes differentiation in a well - studied model system , PC12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerve growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "NGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a subsequent phase - II clinical trial safety and efficacy of transrectal HIFU as a novel minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ; n = 102 ) was determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel alternative spliced variant of the transcription factor AP2alpha is expressed in the murine ocular lens .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP2alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : high resolution MF - ERG seems more sensitive than low resolution MF - ERG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The residual small rRNAs in [ poky ] appear to be synthesized via the upstream promoter ( s ) , but are missing 37 - 44 nucleotides from their 5 ' ends , indicating either that pre - rRNAs are processed abnormally or that abnormal 5 ' RNA ends are unstable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homology is much higher ( 64 % ) between the 28 - kDa protein and regions that are strongly conserved among the members of the serine protease family .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine protease family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , inactivation of the Sir4p - interacting protein Rap1p reduces partitioning by a LexA - Sir4p fusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sir4p - interacting protein Rap1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 67]}, {"entity": "LexA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "Sir4p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Childbirth and authoritative knowledge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the end of a linearized DNA fragment can initiate new DNA synthesis by BIR in which the newly synthesized DNA is displaced and subsequently forms circles by NHEJ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between polymorphonuclear granulocytes and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the deduced amino acid sequence , a molecular weight of 38 , 549 was calculated for the ADH subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADH subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine months after the end of the vaccination anti - HBsAg levels had dropped to 9 + / - 4 IU / 1 ( M + / - SE ) , with a geometric mean of 5 IU / 1 , in the nine remaining evaluable patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - HBsAg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The point mutation Asp - 316 - - > Asn in the C - terminus of p38 , analogous to the ERK2 ( extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 2 ) sevenmaker mutation , dramatically decreases its binding to MKP - 1 and substantially compromises its stimulatory effect on the catalytic activity of this phosphatase .", "entity": [{"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "ERK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 135]}, {"entity": "sevenmaker", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "MKP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation revealed significantly delayed peak latencies of N20 , P20 , P25 , and N26 , although N16 latency was normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalase plays a key role as an antioxidant , protecting aerobic organisms from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide , and in some cases has been postulated to be a virulence factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catalase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prazosin in the treatment of high blood pressure", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that proenzyme processing is not essential for secretion of PC2 , but peptides containing mutations that affect the ability of the propeptide ( and cleavage sites ) to fold within the catalytic pocket are not transferred beyond the early stages of the secretory pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "PC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning , sequence analysis , and expression of the gene encoding formaldehyde dismutase from Pseudomonas putida F61 .", "entity": [{"entity": "gene encoding formaldehyde dismutase from Pseudomonas putida F61", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking into account certain well defined conditions ( frequent feedings , no supplementary feeding before 4 - 6 months , method only to be used in the absence of menstruation ) , LAM can be relied on for contraceptive protection for up to 1 year post partum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bioconversion of penicillin G , an inexpensive substrate , to the valuable intermediate for semisynthetic cephalosporin production , deacetoxycephalosporin G ( DAOG ) , had been recently shown to be increased by eliminating agitation and adding decane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doctors given intrathecal methotrexate had headache when 20 gauge standard needle was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IGFBP - 1 IRS and PEPCK IRS both bind the alpha and beta forms of hepatic nuclear factor 3 ( HNF - 3 ) , although the latter does so with a sixfold - lower relative affinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "IGFBP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "IRS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "PEPCK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "IRS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "hepatic nuclear factor 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 94]}, {"entity": "HNF - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free protein S deficiency in acute ischemic stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low - affinity E2 - binding site mediates downmodulation of E2 transactivation of the human papillomavirus type 8 late promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2 - binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "human papillomavirus type 8 late promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This domain encompasses the region of ARP - 1 / COUP - TFII corresponding to helices 3 to 12 in the recently published crystal structure of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "COUP - TFII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "nuclear receptor superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that the ZF - HD class of homeodomain proteins may be involved in the establishment of the characteristic expression pattern of the C4 PEPCase gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZF - HD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "homeodomain proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "C4 PEPCase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When medical aid was sought a false history was given and the true nature of the child ' s illness , heat stroke , was not determined until after death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test the role of myb family members in progression through the cell cycle , we comicroinjected c - myc and myb expression vectors into serum - deprived quiescent SMCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "myb family members", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "c - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have shown that the IME1 gene is required for sporulation and the expression of meiosis specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "IME1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytogenetic structures showed a mixte karyotype : mosaicim 46 XX / 46 XY with a ratio of a 80 / 20 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful tool for the evaluation of APVR , which is difficult by ordinary methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological - functional status of the edentulous mandible and selection of the most effective method for functional impression - taking", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight of the 17 seropositive patients failed to develop detectable hepatitis B surface antibody within three months of the third injection compared with only one of the 18 seronegative patients ( p less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B surface antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the human gene , the Drosophila gene encodes at least three isoforms of full length dystrophin - like proteins ( dmDLP1 , dmDLP2 and dmDLP3 , ) , regulated by different promoters located at the 5 ' end of the gene , and a smaller product regulated by an internal promoter ( dmDp186 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "full length dystrophin - like proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 115]}, {"entity": "dmDLP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "dmDLP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "dmDLP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "dmDp186", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [279, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the case of a patient presenting a second hepatocellular carcinoma 13 years after resection of a first tumor of the same type is reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The equation for mean trabecular number passed the test , whereas the validity of the equations for mean trabecular separation and Tb . Wi appeared limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the only authoritative way to determine the effect of diet on urinary pH is a feeding trial , there is no universally accepted protocol for measuring urinary pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performances of two tests , the ProstAsure index and the percent free PSA test , were evaluated in detecting cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But if one equalizes the upper limits of normal for both markers to a common 95 % specificity , the tumour - indicating sensitivity of CA 19 - 9 clearly surpasses that of CA 50 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CA 19 - 9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "CA 50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For economical reasons , we could not send a questionnaire to all the 35 , 779 individuals , but based the investigation on a SRS of 4 , 000 men , post - stratified in a high - risk and a low - risk group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , over a wide range of arterial dimensions , results obtained with caliper estimates of luminal area and diameter are comparable to those obtained with videodensitometry using the XR - 70 system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oncogenic activation of RET is detected in human papillary thyroid tumours and in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes .", "entity": [{"entity": "RET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evasion of host immunity by Toxocara canis infective larvae is mediated by the nematode surface coat , which is shed in response to binding by host antibody molecules or effector cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that the processing of specific target transcripts , such as the P - element mRNA , is regulated by a functional PSI - U1 snRNP interaction in Drosophila .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - element mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "PSI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "U1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted proteins show strong homology to an ABA - inducible glycine - rich protein from maize embryos and to the mammalian RNA - binding protein A1 of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex involved in pre - mRNA splicing .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA - inducible glycine - rich protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 88]}, {"entity": "mammalian RNA - binding protein A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ptx1 belongs to an expanding family of bicoid - related vertebrate homeobox genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ptx1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "bicoid - related", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive mesothelial cells , usually seen as exfoliated cells , were consistently strongly positive for alpha 1 - antichymotrypsin and more variably for alpha 1 - antitrypsin and lysozyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha 1 - antichymotrypsin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "alpha 1 - antitrypsin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 174]}, {"entity": "lysozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , all pathophysiologic assessments reported to date have been carried out during or immediately after IVOX utilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wet and dry methods of the HA synthesis are considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with other authors , we recommend the procedure as a safe one , providing satisfactory results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In several steps we converted the retinoid specific response element of the human retinoic acid receptor beta promoter into the vitamin D / retinoic acid response element of the human osteocalcin promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "human retinoic acid receptor beta promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 118]}, {"entity": "human osteocalcin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data define Ile ( 16 ) , Val ( 18 ) , Val ( 31 ) , and Ile ( 33 ) as crucial for protein S binding , with secondary effects from Leu ( 38 ) and Val ( 39 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of 22 - oxavitamin D3 analogues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasmid was found to confer drug resistance specifically to LMB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that at least some chloroplast - like tRNA genes in wheat mtDNA are transcribed , with transcripts undergoing processing , post - transcriptional modification and 3 ' - CCA addition , to produce mature tRNAs that may participate in mitochondrial protein synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroplast - like tRNA genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously identified mutations in this variant have been within or close to the coding region of exon 1 of the HMBS gene , the only exon that is expressed solely in the ubiquitous isoform .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMBS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunologic tolerance in rats during 13 weeks of inhalation exposure to trimellitic anhydride .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In stage I , histochemistry for copper was positive in 11 out of 21 cases : 6 cases were T + ; 1 case R + and 2 cases O + ; 2 cases were T + , R + , O + .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat cholesterol side - chain cleavage cytochrome P - 450 ( P - 450scc ) gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rat cholesterol side - chain cleavage cytochrome P - 450", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 56]}, {"entity": "P - 450scc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost every image that appears during a therapy session reveals a symbolic nature , but the very concept of symbol is not free from ambiguity some positions originated in different areas of investigation are mentioned , ending with a description of the traits that , according to the writer , bestow a symbolic character to images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have mapped the specific domains within each of the proteins responsible for this interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trend was observed toward increased graft half - life in era 2 ( p = NS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 15 min of hemorrhage the cardiovascular parameters were the same in fed and starved animals , but at 45 min striking differences were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 24 - year - old pregnant woman started to have hyperemesis gravidarum 6 weeks before admission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleoporin 98 gene ( NUP98 ) , which is rearranged in several acute myeloid leukemia translocations , is located within this region .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoporin 98 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "NUP98", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human CD38 , a leukocyte receptor and ectoenzyme , is a member of a novel eukaryotic gene family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + - converting enzymes : extensive structural homology with the genes for murine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 and aplysian ADP - ribosyl cyclase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human CD38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + - converting enzymes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 156]}, {"entity": "murine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 249]}, {"entity": "aplysian ADP - ribosyl cyclase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [254, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juvenile angiofibromas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the HNF3 element significantly reduced promoter activity in HepG2 cells , whereas this element in isolation conferred HNF3beta responsiveness to a heterologous promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNF3 element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "HNF3beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Detection of recurrent head and neck cancer is feasible with FDG PET .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of haptoglobin in asphyxia mechanism ( II ) - - Acute drowning and hanging", "entity": [{"entity": "haptoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients adopt new sets based partly on the original topic and partly on their own personal idiosyncratic concerns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : PET revealed wide variations in CBF between regions during isoflurane anaesthesia , particularly in comparison with propofol anaesthesia , while rCMRO2 decreased globally in a dose - dependent manner during both isoflurane and propofol anaesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long chain acyl - CoA esters are important intermediates in degradation and synthesis of fatty acids , as well as having important functions in regulation of intermediary metabolism and gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study indicate that the Improved Crest Complete with longer rippled outer bristles provided significantly superior ( p < 0 . 05 ) interproximal penetration overall and at the gumline than the Colgate Total and Oral - B Advantage brushes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buchstein , L . - L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model of the complex provides a rationale for conserved ITAM residues , substrate specificity , and suggests that substrate binds only the active conformation of the Src family tyrosine kinase , unlike the ATP cofactor , which can bind the inactive form .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITAM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Src family tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sucrose - specific signalling represses translation of the Arabidopsis ATB2 bZIP transcription factor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arabidopsis ATB2 bZIP transcription factor gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is probably because , in vivo , some bacteria ( perhaps dormant forms ) are not entirely dependent upon urease for survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "urease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to evaluate this technique by cross - calibrating the DXA method with the carcass chemical analysis in a heterogeneous population of nondiabetic Wistar and diabetic GK rats ( 21 animals were used for precision error and reproducibility determinations and 26 were used for accuracy studies ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biopsy of the lesion revealed granulomatous inflammation and numerous septate hyphae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a highly significant decrease in serum eosinophil cationic protein in patients with elevated AGA .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum eosinophil cationic protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 76]}, {"entity": "AGA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prototype now structures oncology - related information available on the Internet and also places resources maintained locally at users ' disposal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ischaemia and reperfusion injury in the kidney : current status and future direction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No viral RNA replication could be detected in cells transfected with mutant RNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As to the side effects of SISO , cylindruria with aggravation of microscopic hematuria and elevations of GOT , GPT and A1 - P were observed each one of them , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "GOT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "GPT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "A1 - P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to date , no viable in vitro - generated deletion mutant of PSTVd has been reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced cell numbers 72 h after insonation were recorded when the cells were insonated at an antinode but not when they were at a node .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now isolated cDNA for an invertebrate Pax - 6 protein from sea urchin embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "invertebrate Pax - 6 protein from sea urchin embryos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mating response , ovulation rate , follicle and corpus luteum size , gestation length , pregnancy rate , lambing rate , and lamb birth weight were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1981 to 1989 , a total of 26 women with locally or regionally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with radiotherapy ( RT ) and pelvic regional hyperthermia ( HT ) , in the Divisions of Radiation Oncology at the University of Utah Medical Center ( UU ) and the Kenneth Norris Jr Cancer Hospital of the University of Southern California ( USC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These proteins were detected by an antibody which recognizes the N - terminus of SRK3 and , in an F2 progeny segregating for the S3 haplotype , were only expressed in plants possessing the S3 haplotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "SRK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "S3 haplotype", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "S3 haplotype", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For all samples , the sensitivity of the blast flag on the CD3500 was 85 % with a specificity of 91 % ( STKS : sensitivity , 75 % ; specificity , 85 % ) ; the sensitivity of the CD3500 IG flag was 72 % with a specificity of 76 % ( STKS : sensitivity , 75 % : specificity , 73 % ) ; and the sensitivity of the NRBC flag was 43 % with a specificity of 94 % ( STKS sensitivity , 37 % ; specificity , 88 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like other IAPs , ch - IAP1 contains the N - terminal baculovirus IAP repeats and C - terminal RING finger motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "IAPs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "ch - IAP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "N - terminal baculovirus IAP repeats", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in the case of the chicken homologue , there are two hPR forms , A and B , which originate from translational initiation at AUG2 ( codon 165 ) and AUG1 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "hPR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A biopsy specimen taken from the frontal branch of the right superficial artery revealed segmental intimal thickening consistent with intimal fibroplasia type FMD upon histological examination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities were significantly increased in the A praelongus - fed pigs and significantly decreased in Na2SeO4 - fed pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum alkaline phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "creatine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase in the serum of problem drinkers .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The content of monoamine metabolites , 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid , 5 - HIAA , and homovanillic acid ( HVA ) , and - - for 17 patients - - tryptophan , in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer complications with celecoxib , a novel COX - 2 inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "COX - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that block meiotic prophase chromosome metabolism and confer cell cycle arrest at pachytene identify two new meiosis - specific genes SAE1 and SAE3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "meiosis - specific genes SAE1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 176]}, {"entity": "SAE3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transfer by conjugation to E . coli K12 of ampicillin and carbenicillin resistance was obtained with 14 strains : ( E . coli : 9 , C . freundii : 1 , K . pneumoniae : 1 , E . cloacae : 2 , P . stuartii : 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 9 kb of DNA sequence was obtained for one clone ( A1 ) with a total IGS length of approximately 12 . 4 kb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following EGF or NGF stimulation of the v - CrkPC12 cells , the v - Crk protein itself became tyrosine phosphorylated within 1 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "NGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "v - Crk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After nine months GFR improved spontaneously to 32 ml / min / 1 . 73 m2 despite no improvement in his hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - stimulated autophosphorylation at specific sites in the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor ' s beta - subunit is correlated kinetically with activation of kinase - catalyzed phosphorylation of a model substrate ( reduced and carboxyamidomethylated lysozyme ; RCAM - lysozyme ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "tyrosine kinase domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 88]}, {"entity": "lysozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [262, 270]}, {"entity": "RCAM - lysozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [273, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , the consensus signal believed to be involved in terminating VV early gene transcription , TTTTTNT , was evident at the 3 ' - boundary of both the N2 and M1 ORFs suggesting that these genes may be VV early genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "VV early gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "VV early genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzymatic and chemical structure probing revealed mainly the conserved terminal part ( termed 3 ' C ) of the DI9c 3 ' UTR containing distinctive RNA motifs , i . e . , a stable stem - loop , SL I , near the RNA 3 ' terminus and a considerably less stable stem - loop , SL II , that forms the 5 ' portion of 3 ' C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attention is devoted in particular to the action of thermoregulating nervous and hormonal mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ES cells in which the gene for the erythroid transcription factor GATA - 1 has been disrupted fail to produce mature erythroid cells either in vivo or in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acidic carboxyl - terminal domain of gene 2 . 5 protein of bacteriophage T7 is essential for protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "gene 2 . 5 protein of bacteriophage T7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They encode proteins whose core regions display great similarity to Aspergillus HAPB , HAPC and HAPE and to known HAP homologs from other organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspergillus HAPB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "HAPC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "HAPE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "HAP homologs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of these positions are novel in that they had not been identified to be important for binding PC by previous crystallographic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three transcriptional control elements within 300 base pairs of the 5 ' - flanking region of the rat glucagon gene interact with regulatory cellular proteins and direct transcription only in glucagon - producing islet cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat glucagon gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 114]}, {"entity": "glucagon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fusion proteins were isolated by affinity chromatography on APTG - Sepharose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 99m ) Tc Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer stable during 6h has contributed to develop ictal studies to evaluate the location of partial seizure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of a study to investigate the effectiveness of a propolis - containing mouthrinse in the inhibition of de novo plaque formation are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that this effect of Myc is mediated by its action upstream of cyclin E - CDK2 , and occurs via the neutralization of p27 ( Kip1 ) family proteins , rather than induction of Cdc25A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "CDK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "Cdc25A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A less common and much more perplexing circumstance occurs when evaluating patients with sarcoidosis established for several years present with evidence of progressive or chronic pulmonary involvement and dyspnea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The training programs had a duration of 30 days , 5 days / week , and was performed on a motor - driven treadmill .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1992 ) J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The avian carcinoma virus MH2 contains a hybrid gene delta gag - mht with a contiguous open reading frame of 2682 base pairs as well as v - myc and avian helper virus - related sequences . delta gag is a partial retroviral core protein gene while v - mht and v - myc are cell - drived sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "delta gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "mht", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "v - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "delta gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 198]}, {"entity": "retroviral core protein gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 240]}, {"entity": "v - mht", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [247, 254]}, {"entity": "v - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [259, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DW directions uniformly sampled the diffusion ellipsoid surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent concept of a bioartificial organ is an attempt to avoid such disadvantages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pressure measurements under steady flow conditions showed that the hemodynamic performance ( including pressure gradient and effective orifice area ) of SPAB is superior to that of its stented counterpart , especially in the smaller sizes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent , highly visible reviews on the subject have clearly pointed out that little is known about the cellular mechanisms through which inhaled asbestos fibers cause the well known , debilitating lung disease - asbestosis ( i . e . interstitial pulmonary fibrosis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During chronic treatment with salmon calcitonin , alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline excretion decrease on an average of 50 % in patients with Paget ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "salmon calcitonin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "alkaline phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebral blood flow was measured using the iv method of 133 - Xe CBF determination and AVDO2 was measured using systemic arterial - jugular venous oxygen content differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of FNCAT increased on serum treatment indicating that the region of the FN gene between positions + 69 and - 510 bp mediated serum responsiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "FNCAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "FN gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gallstone - formation has traditionally been attributed to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible consequences of such binder distribution through powder aggregates are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile salts , hormonal control , and the male disadvantage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fusion gene cassette was placed under the control of a vaccinia virus early promoter and cloned in a host - restricted fowlpox viral vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "vaccinia virus early promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a novel stat - related factor , p93 , that is found in EGF - treated A431 cell extracts but appears to be absent in bovine fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , IFN - gamma , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , and untreated cells . p93 appears to be antigenically related to stat91 . p185c - neu + , EGFr + ( M1 ) , and p185c - neu - kinase inactive , EGFr + ( NEN757 ) expressing cells undergo different mitotic responses to EGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "stat - related factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "p93", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "bovine fibroblast growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 159]}, {"entity": "bFGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 182]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 214]}, {"entity": "TNF - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "p93", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 258]}, {"entity": "stat91", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [298, 304]}, {"entity": "p185c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 312]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [315, 318]}, {"entity": "EGFr +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [323, 329]}, {"entity": "M1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [332, 334]}, {"entity": "p185c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [343, 348]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [351, 354]}, {"entity": "EGFr +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [375, 381]}, {"entity": "NEN757", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [384, 390]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [449, 452]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRI measurements of the brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation by Cdc28 activates the Cdc20 - dependent activity of the anaphase - promoting complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdc28", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Cdc20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylated tyrosine residues were subsequently identified by sequencing the separated phosphopeptides by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry ( MALDI - MS ) and Edman degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superovulation with intrauterine insemination ( SO - IUI ) has been suggested as an alternative to gamete intrafallopian transfer ( GIFT ) , despite the absence of controlled or comparative trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these elements resembles the binding site of a previously identified cellular \" transcription \" factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rep78 protein of adeno - associated virus ( AAV ) contains amino acid sequence motifs common to rolling - circle replication ( RCR ) initiator proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rep78 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "rolling - circle replication ( RCR ) initiator proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : CD4 cell counts and interview data were recorded in a survey of 136 adult patients attending a community hospital - based HIV outpatient clinic .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on 29 determinations of the glucose from sinigrin , analyzed under different conditions , accuracy of the total glucosinolate determination was 94 . 8 + / - 7 . 3 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional analysis of this gene cluster was performed by detecting the presence of mRNAs spanning adjacent genes as well as by using a promoterless lacZ reporter gene fused to each of the seven genes contained in the tol - oprL locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacZ reporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 172]}, {"entity": "tol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "oprL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regions encoding the mature proteinases were cloned into an expression vector and recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhinovirus 2A protease and foot - and - mouth - disease virus L protease were used to analyze the association of eIF4G with eIF4A , eIF4E , and eIF3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhinovirus 2A protease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "foot - and - mouth - disease virus L protease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 72]}, {"entity": "eIF4G", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "eIF4A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "eIF4E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "eIF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Two patients developed cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy after spinal manipulation therapy , and magnetic resonance imaging showed herniated cervical discs at C4 - C5 and C6 - C7 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increased frequency of infection has been accompanied by significant excess mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the repeating domains ( Yheb1 ) , consisting of 67 amino acids , was cloned from the E . coli chromosome and purified by metal chelating chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yheb1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of two anion - exchange resins for direct use in the screening method for urinary porphobilinogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies define a class of DNA elements with a mode of action that has not been heretofore described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using lacZ - inducible T cells as a probe , we screened a splenic cDNA library in transiently transfected antigen - presenting cells ( APCs ) and isolated a cDNA clone that allowed expression of the appropriate peptide / Kb MHC complex in APC .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "peptide / Kb MHC complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in a decreased secretion of immunoglobulin A , and , consequently , a decreased resistance against infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A previously developed kinetic model was used to identify major chemical reaction pathways involving PAH in the afterburner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of the p21 - activated kinase ( PAK ) by a human Gbeta - like WD - repeat protein , hPIP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p21 - activated kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 40]}, {"entity": "PAK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "human Gbeta - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "hPIP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of HIV - 1 requires the binding of host cell transcription factors to cis elements in the proviral long terminal repeat ( LTR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the ratios of the areas under the concentration - time curves in CSF and serum , the overall penetration of rifampicin into CSF was 0 . 13 - 0 . 42 ( median = 0 . 22 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adaptability of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis ( Travassos , 1914 ) to lead contamination", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In early midgestation embryos it is expressed in telencephalic , diencephalic and mesencephalic regions but from day 11 . 75 of gestation its expression disappears from dorsal telencephalon and is confined to diencephalic and mesencephalic regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A child presumed to have the 21 - hydroxylase deficiency form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was studied extensively as an infant .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - hydroxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The size and the predicted N - terminal sequence of the mouse protein were confirmed experimentally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that Nopp140 binds primarily to the CK2 regulatory subunit , beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nopp140", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "CK2 regulatory subunit , beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , more recent communications suggest that liver disease led to a differential alteration of the cytochrome P - 450s with regard to protein content and activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome P - 450s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A constructed phylogenetic tree suggests that the UbcP1 protein may represent a member of a distinct subfamily of E2s .", "entity": [{"entity": "UbcP1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "E2s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolates of B . burgdorferi from humans , rodents , and I . dammini are usually indistinguishable , but strains of B . burgdorferi with different major proteins have been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alignment of the rat and human WIN cDNAs and their comparison with mouse genomic sequence revealed that the WIN DNA binding domain is encoded by four exons , two of which ( exons 4 and 6 ) are alternatively spliced to generate at least three classes of mRNA transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat and human WIN cDNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "WIN DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25 patients received 20 mgs of hyoscine N - butyl bromide and the rest 5 mgs propinoxate , i . v . plus diazepam .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of plasminogen activator has been measured in tissue sections with the aid of a modified Todd technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasminogen activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These sequences were further tested for the presence of an enhancer element , by their ability to activate a fusion reporter gene consisting of the CAT gene linked to the gamma - globin gene promoter , in erythroid ( K562 ) and non - erythroid ( HeLa ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "gamma - globin gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that CD40 or IgM receptor stimulation of primary B cells results in transactivation of this enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD40", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "IgM receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN , SETTING AND SUBJECTS : The analysis is based on data collected in the first two rounds of the nationally representative Ghana Living Standards Survey , held in 1987 / 88 ( GLSS - I ) and 1988 / 89 ( GLSS - II ) , with both surveys covering approximately 3000 households .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic and physiological experiments suggest a close relationship between cdc27 + and the cdc2 + gene , a key regulator of mitosis in yeast and also in higher eukaryotic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cdc27 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "cdc2 + gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of Syk protein tyrosine kinase ( PTK ) with LMP2A occurs at the two tyrosines of the LMP2A immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motif , and it is hypothesized that Lyn PTK associates with the YEEA amino acid motif at LMP2A tyrosine 112 ( Y112 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "PTK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "LMP2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "LMP2A immunoreceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 117]}, {"entity": "Lyn", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "PTK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "LMP2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical mechanisms of hyperuricemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , relative biological effects ( RBE ) of 2 . 3 - 2 . 7 was obtained from the straight line that was given by modifying by the method of least squares the curves of the frequency of anomalous fetuses in total implants and survived embryos irradiated from 20 to 120 rad by Cf - 252 and from 80 to 220 rad by Co - 60 on day 8 of pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moclobemide is a well - tolerated alternative antidepressant , but there is a need for prospective controlled trials to evaluate its long - term efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a pilot study in which two dogs were given parenteral rifampin before and after operation and grafts were preclotted with blood that contained rifampin , it was suggested that there was a slight increase in inhibition at 24 hours ( 93 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analyses were used to examine the regulated expression of the cys - 14 + gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "cys - 14 + gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mouse tapasin gene was mapped about 70 kilobases from H2 - K at the centromeric end of the mouse MHC .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse tapasin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "H2 - K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "mouse MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion of glucose phosphate - 14C to glucose - 14C in passage through human brain in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New , selective catechol - O - methyltransferase inhibitors as therapeutic agents in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol - O - methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of the gene upstream to the cap site contains characteristic RNA polymerase II promoter - binding sites : a putative TATA box at position - 29 and a Sp 1 binding site ( GGGGCGGAGA ) at position - 48 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase II promoter - binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 116]}, {"entity": "Sp 1 binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that , while Y . lipolytica CEN DNA is essential for plasmid maintenance , this function can be supplied by several sub - fragments which , together , form the active chromosomal centromere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three groups were further examined with regard to the modulation of discharge rate i ) during motor activity in W , ii ) at the transitional phase from SS to paradoxical sleep ( PS ) , iii ) during rapid eye movements ( REMs ) in PS , and iv ) following electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation ( MRF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzyl alcohol administration in neonates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Id - 1H and Id - 2H seem to be human homologues of mouse Id - 1 and Id - 2 , respectively , and have potential to encode 154 and 135 amino acid proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id - 1H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Id - 2H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "mouse Id - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Id - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal dogs were exposed to either 10 , 15 , or 30 Gy of X rays to a single hemisphere and the gross and histopathologic changes were evaluated qualitatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characterization of fly receptors with features similar to mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors allows a better understanding of the evolution of this unique group of GPCRs and future elucidation of their ligand signaling mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 103]}, {"entity": "GPCRs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study the mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved , IGF - 1R promoter reporter constructs were transiently transfected in CHO - AT1 cells that overexpress angiotensin AT1 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "IGF - 1R promoter reporter constructs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 99]}, {"entity": "angiotensin AT1 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importin beta mediates nuclear translocation of Smad 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Importin beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Smad 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , the only treatment - related effect noted in this study was hydrocarbon nephropathy in male rats , which is not considered relevant for human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of an unusual tRNA - like sequence found inserted in a Neurospora retroplasmid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gel shift analysis of protein binding from nuclear extracts to these caveolin promoter DNA sequences , together with DNase I footprinting , confirmed nucleoprotein binding to the SRE - like elements as part of the transcriptional response to LDL - FC .", "entity": [{"entity": "caveolin promoter DNA sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 100]}, {"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "LDL - FC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ca2 + concentration in rats serum after intragastrically fenarimol administration ( doses 1 / 40 , 1 / 20 and 1 / 10 LD50 ) during 5 days was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , deletion of two potential Ste11 recognition sites in the fus1 promoter region abolished transcription , and expression could be restored when we inserted a different Ste11 site from the mat1 - P promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ste11 recognition sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "fus1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "Ste11 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "mat1 - P promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J . , & Olefsky , J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early attempts for modifying growth functions to annual variations dating back up to 2 decades are recalled together with examples for their application showing rather different degrees of approximation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRIP contains two LXXLL signature motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPN can be experimentally produced by intratracheal inoculation of microorganisms in high concentrations and ventilator - associated BPN by ventilating baboons with oleic - acid lung injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of a dominant negative c - jun antagonized the ras - dependent stimulation of the 92 - kDa gelatinase B promoter - driven CAT reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "dominant negative c - jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 43]}, {"entity": "ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "92 - kDa gelatinase B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 116]}, {"entity": "CAT reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the safety of design 4 was assured as long as all patients received three courses of chemotherapy , which is unusual in phase I studies in Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plants were then brought to our Houston laboratory where they were measured and analyzed for lignin and protein content and for phenylalanine ammonia - lyase ( PAL ) and peroxidase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine ammonia - lyase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 161]}, {"entity": "PAL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "peroxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleotide sequence of a PCR - amplified SMT3A genomic DNA fragment was found to be identical to that of SMT3A cDNA , indicating the absence of intron ( s ) in its protein coding region .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMT3A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "SMT3A cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of tyrosine kinase - containing receptors , heterotrimeric G proteins , and protein kinase C enhanced the activities of both MEK isoforms in 293 and PC12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine kinase - containing receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 52]}, {"entity": "heterotrimeric G proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "MEK isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Transpulmonary stable air microbubbles bound to a galactose carrier represent a useful and safe contrast agent in case of an insufficient native signal in transcranial Doppler investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DP - 1 and DP - 2 encode maternally stored transcripts that are expressed during early development .", "entity": [{"entity": "DP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "DP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human recombinant erythropoietin ( r - HuEPO , EprexR ) was administered to 8 children with chronic renal failure and high transfusion requirement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human recombinant erythropoietin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "r - HuEPO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "EprexR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , we engineered two chimeras in which the N - terminal lobe of the SH1 domain of c - Abl was swapped with that of v - Src .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH1 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "c - Abl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "v - Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indications for therapy using MAO inhibitors", "entity": [{"entity": "MAO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although IL - 6 can activate ERK - 1 in HepG2 cells , STAT3 transactivation and Ser ( 727 ) phosphorylation were not reduced by using the MAP kinase / ERK kinase ( MEK ) inhibitor PD98059 or by overexpression of dominant - negative Raf .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "ERK - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "STAT3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "ERK kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean disposition constants ( + / - SD ) were obtained from individualized fits ( V1 : 0 . 398 + / - 0 . 336 LITER / KG , Vdarea : 2 . 53 + / - 0 . 72 liter / kg , alpha : 0 . 316 + / - 0 . 294 min - 1 , beta : 0 . 00204 + / - 0 . 00262 min - 1 , k2 : 0 . 0305 + / - 0 . 0101 min - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trials bring informations for pharmacology and epidemiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have compared the ability of GST - Bem3 to serve as a GAP for Cdc42Hs relative to other members of the rho - GAP subfamily and found the following order of potency : human platelet Cdc42Hs GAP > p190 > Bem3 > break point cluster region protein , whereas p85 , like Bem2 , shows no GAP activity or any ability to bind to the GTP - bound form of Cdc42Hs .", "entity": [{"entity": "GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "Bem3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Cdc42Hs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "human platelet Cdc42Hs GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 195]}, {"entity": "p190", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 202]}, {"entity": "Bem3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "break point cluster region protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 246]}, {"entity": "p85", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [257, 260]}, {"entity": "Bem2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [268, 272]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [284, 287]}, {"entity": "Cdc42Hs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [347, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through effective use of laboratory testing database , it will be possible to shift away our vague management of pre - analytic phase of quality control so far to its established system based on objective evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonlinearities in cochlear hydrodynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptides are generated in the cytosol , then translocated across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing ( TAP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "transporter associated with antigen processing", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 164]}, {"entity": "TAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro ' glass stomach ' ( containing various volumes of hydrochloric acid [ HCl ] and ammonium chloride [ NH4Cl ] ) was used to evaluate the means of increasing ' gastric ' pH to that of the NH4 + - - > NH3 transition that occurs significantly at pH 9 . 24 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , a hybrid protein composed of a PvALF activation domain and the DNA binding and dimerization domain of ROM2 activated gene expression , indicating that ROM2 recognizes the DLEC2 enhancer in vivo ; consequently , ROM2 functions as a DNA binding site - dependent repressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "PvALF activation domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "ROM2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "ROM2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "DLEC2 enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 196]}, {"entity": "ROM2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern analyses further confirm that the expression of endogenous alpha - ENaC gene in salivary Pa - 4 cells is suppressed by an ectopic HMGI - C overexpression .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - ENaC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "HMGI - C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we demonstrated that although the DNA - binding domain of c - myb is required for both the differentiation block and the shift in cell cycle after PMA treatment , phosphorylation by casein kinase II and mitogen - activated protein kinase at positions 11 and 12 or 532 of c - myb , respectively , are not .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "casein kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 208]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [213, 247]}, {"entity": "c - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that RXR and VDR transactivated selectively from VDRE - linked templates exclusively as a heterodimeric complex , since neither receptor alone enhanced transcription in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a significant increase of thromboxane as evidenced by the major urinary metabolite 2 , 3 - dinorthromboxane B2 in the oestrogen group as compared to the orchidectomy group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assays of APRE - luciferase reporter plasmids transfected into HepG2 cells show that a mutated APRE that binds only BPi functions as an IL - 1 alpha inducible enhancer , whereas a mutated APRE that binds only BPc does not .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "BPi", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "IL - 1 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "BPc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with controls , patients in the unmedicated state had low smooth pursuit gain , had a higher rate of corrective catch - up saccades , and tended to spend less time engaged in the tracking task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epstein - Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 exerts its transactivating function through interaction with recombination signal binding protein RBP - J kappa , the homologue of Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein - Barr virus nuclear antigen 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 38]}, {"entity": "recombination signal binding protein RBP - J kappa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 150]}, {"entity": "Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . thaliana cystathionine beta - lyase exhibits 22 % sequence identity with the E . coli corresponding enzyme and contains a 70 amino acid N - terminal additional sequence compared with the bacterial protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "A . thaliana cystathionine beta - lyase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three - dimensional structure of the E . coli CR domain indicates that this sequence conservation is likely to result in a conserved structural motif .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - expression of PLD1 in COS - 7 cells with the two recombinant CK2 subunits , alpha or beta , suggests that the association of PLD1 with the kinase is through the beta subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "recombinant CK2 subunits", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "PLD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this dependency , however , a B . japonicum fixK mutant did not have the phenotypic characteristics of B . japonicum fixL and fixJ mutants : the fixK mutant was neither Fix - in symbiosis with soybean plants nor defective in anaerobic respiration with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "B . japonicum fixK mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 63]}, {"entity": "B . japonicum fixL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "fixJ mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "fixK mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted amino acid sequence of Pst1p possessed high sequence homology with the Sin3 family of proteins , known for their interaction with histone deacetylases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pst1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "Sin3 family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "histone deacetylases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This selective squelching activity suggests that GRIM can interact with an essential component of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRIM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third group ( n = 10 ) was assigned to receive the canalith repositioning maneuver without mastoid vibration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of partially overlapping parenchymatous sutures , different renal segments were devitalized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The S . typhimurium aspartyl / asparaginyl beta - hydroxylase homologue ( designated lpxO ) was cloned into pBluescriptSK and expressed in Escherichia coli K - 12 , which does not contain lpxO .", "entity": [{"entity": "S . typhimurium aspartyl / asparaginyl beta - hydroxylase homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 71]}, {"entity": "lpxO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "lpxO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac NE spillover was higher ( P < . 05 ) at baseline in the patient group than in healthy subjects , whereas renal and whole - body NE spillovers were similar between the study groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Translation of mok is tightly regulated by Sok RNA , and Sok RNA thus regulates hok translation indirectly through mok .", "entity": [{"entity": "mok", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "Sok RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Sok RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "hok", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "mok", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we determined the sequences of eight VirF - binding sites from four different genes , by DNase I or hydroxyl radical footprinting .", "entity": [{"entity": "VirF - binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with ACE inhibitors after acute myocardial infarction", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - hour O3 , NO2 , and SO2 personal exposures were measured using samplers developed in our laboratory , while short - term PM2 . 5 , CO , and VOCs exposures were measured using currently available monitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant MsERK1 ( rMsERK1 ) , when overexpressed in Escherichia coli , is recognized by antibodies raised against MAP kinases from rat , Xenopus , and sea star and by anti - phosphotyrosine antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant MsERK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "rMsERK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "MAP kinases from rat , Xenopus , and sea star", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 162]}, {"entity": "anti - phosphotyrosine antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , UV resistance is only minimally restored , and mutant cells remain sensitive to gamma radiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The melanoma growth stimulatory activity / growth - regulated protein , CXCL1 , is constitutively expressed at high levels during inflammation and progression of melanocytes into malignant melanoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma growth stimulatory activity / growth - regulated protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 69]}, {"entity": "CXCL1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activated glucocorticoid receptor forms a complex with Stat5 and enhances Stat5 - mediated transcriptional induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 37]}, {"entity": "Stat5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "Stat5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple procedure for accurate quantitation of factor VIII inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "factor VIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diagnostic importance of determining leucine aminotransferase activity in acute pancreatitis", "entity": [{"entity": "leucine aminotransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , T229E - p70s6k migrated more slowly in SDS - polyacrylamide gels , but demonstrated partial kinase activity ( approximately 20 % compared with the wild type ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "T229E - p70s6k", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factor IIIC ( TFIIIC ) is required for the assembly of a preinitiation complex on 5S RNA , tRNA , and adenovirus VA RNA genes and contains two separable components , TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transcription factor IIIC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "TFIIIC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "5S RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "adenovirus VA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "TFIIIC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "TFIIIC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synchronous multicentric giant cell tumour : a case report with review of literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysates of COS cells transfected with modified hGrzB cDNA were able to hydrolyze tert - butyloxycarbonyl - Ala - Ala - Asp - thiobenzyl ester ( Boc - Ala - Ala - Asp - SBzl ) , whereas lysates transfected with unmodified hGrzB cDNA were inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "modified hGrzB cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "unmodified hGrzB cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant M proteins were tested for their ability to complement growth of the temperature - sensitive M protein mutant virus tsO23 at the nonpermissive temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mutant M proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "M protein mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The POU - specific domain of Pit - 1 is essential for sequence - specific , high affinity DNA binding and DNA - dependent Pit - 1 - Pit - 1 interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "POU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Pit - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Pit - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "Pit - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It competes with the calcium ion which brings about inhibition of myosine kinase , and therefore a drop in phosphorylated myosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "myosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears to be useful in untreated patients with stage I or II NHL but no definite radiographic abnormalities , or with abnormal radiographs but no extrathoracic spread , and in treated patients with questionable radiographs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that LGCS is successful in treating esophageal varices in the setting of hyperdynamic portal circulation with acceptable liver function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 ) The progress of fibrinolysis was observed by serial collection of middle ear fluid in the same side ear of 5 cases out of 17 cases having much activity for fibrin degradation , and lowering of fibrinolytic activity was revealed in 4 out of these 5 cases as the result .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In lyzozyme activity there was periodicity in three groups but not in the youngest foals .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyzozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternative roles of these DNA motifs as activators of early mRNA transcription and as an initiator element for late mRNA transcription help explain how polyomavirus gene expression is regulated during lytic growth and provides a model for cellular transcription during development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median levels of t - PA Ag and PAI in plasma were respectively 10 . 7 ng / ml ( interquartile range 8 . 6 ng / ml ) and 15 . 7 IU / ml ( interquartile range 12 . 2 IU / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "t - PA Ag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "PAI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mer1 protein contains the KH motif found in some RNA - binding proteins , and RNA gel mobility shift assays demonstrate that Mer1 binds specifically to MER2 RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mer1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Mer1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "MER2 RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these studies suggest that the major EGF - stimulated mitotic growth pathways may not be absolutely linked to the stat91 signaling pathways and that such transcription complexes are more complex than previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "stat91", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A procaryotic regulatory factor with a histone H1 - like carboxy - terminal domain : clonal variation of repeats within algP , a gene involved in regulation of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "histone H1 - like carboxy - terminal domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 82]}, {"entity": "algP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Innervation of reticular papillae in sheep and goats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monkeys had been administered a common lead isotope \" mix \" at the rate of about 1300 micrograms Pb / kg body wt / day from age 10 months until the start of the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies showed that a palindromic sequence located at - 159 base pairs is essential for induction of cutinase gene in Fusarium solani f . sp . pisi ( Nectria haematococca mating type VI ) by the hydroxy fatty acids from plant cutin and that a 50 - kDa nuclear protein binds to a promoter that contains this element .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutinase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cells co - expressing high levels of the p38 ( MAPK ) kinase ( MKK3 ) together with the p38 ( MAPK ) , a significant inhibition of mitogen - induced cyclin D1 expression was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "MKK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "cyclin D1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANL - 7535 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pig uPA promoter - CAT constructs were more active than mouse constructs in this assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "uPA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermal changes of the bovine uterus following administration of estradiol - 17beta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elements regulating cell - and stage - specific expression of the C . elegans MyoD family homolog hlh - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MyoD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "hlh - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restriction analysis of the isolated genomic clones indicated that the endogenous sequences abutting the 3 ' ends of the 94 - A and 94 - K transgenes are separated by less than 20 kb , providing strong support for the single integration model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity for ergometry and treadmill testing was 75 and 62 % respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these abnormalities returned to normal after removal of the tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The STS sequence WI - 14920 is in fact derived from the 3 ' - untranslated region of the human PUNC gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "STS sequence WI - 14920", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "human PUNC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four antifungal agents were compared : amphotericin B , flucytosine , miconazole , and ketoconazole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phylogenetic analysis of yeast , invertebrate , and multiple mammalian isoforms of SNF4 shows that the gene duplication likely occurred early in the metazoan lineage , as the protein products of the different loci are relatively divergent .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNF4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood samples ( 30 ml ) were collected via an indwelling arm catheter at rest , and at minutes 13 and 28 of exercise for determinations of plasma EPI , serum free fatty acid ( FFA ) , serum glycerol ( GLY ) , blood glucose ( GLU ) , and blood lactate ( LA ) concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NF - kappa B precursor p100 ( lyt - 10 , p97 , p98 ) generates after proteolytic processing a 52 kDa subunit , which can bind to kappa B - motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "p100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "lyt - 10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "p97", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "p98", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "kappa B - motifs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delta mean VAF and delta mean SABP indicated varied mean values of VAF and SABP , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gel mobility shift analyses reveal that FRTL - 5 thyroid cell nuclear extracts form a specific protein / DNA complex with this region , which is prevented by the TTF - 1 binding element from the TG promoter ; FRT and BRL cell nuclear extracts do not have TTF - 1 and do not form this complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTF - 1 binding element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 185]}, {"entity": "TG promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "TTF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rice gene consists of four exons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thallium - 201 scintigraphy after dipyridamole infusion with low level exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dominant - negative upf1 mutations were isolated following in vitro mutagenesis of a plasmid containing the UPF1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "upf1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "UPF1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the ORFs in the Methanococcus jannaschii genome possesses high similarity to the M . aeolicus ilvB , indicating that it is an authentic AHAS .", "entity": [{"entity": "M . aeolicus ilvB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "AHAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It differed from cued recall only in the instructions , which directed subjects away from the memory aspects of the test and asked them to complete each three - letter cue with the first word that came to mind .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such saturation often occurs for several recording sweeps after large amplitude signals such as eye blinks are rejected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To define the molecular mechanism regulating FGFR - 1 gene expression in proliferating myoblasts and post - mitotic muscle fibers , we have isolated and partially characterized the avian FGFR - 1 gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGFR - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "FGFR - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samarium - 153 for intravascular irradiation therapy with liquid - filled balloons to prevent restenosis : acute and long - term results in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit restenosis model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This element was required for both basal and activated expression and almost certainly functions as a TATA - binding protein interaction site .", "entity": [{"entity": "TATA - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report establishes that the effect of homozygous sickle cell disease on growth patterns in childhood is apparent before the age of 6 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But it is possible that the two hemispheres differ in the manner in which they make use of semantic structures : the left hemisphere in a selective manner , appropriate for the solution of a specific task , and the right hemisphere in a more diffuse and global manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results reveal preferences for particular initiating nucleotides ( ATP > or = GTP > UTP > > CTP ) and for starting positions downstream of the Pribnow box ( 7 > > 6 and 8 > 9 > 10 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined that Hop ( T42 ) contains a glutamic acid - to - lysine substitution at amino acid residue 695 ( E695K ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hop ( T42 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen ablation - - 50 years later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that on presentation of tail tip necrosis in kittens a diagnosis of neonatal isoerythrolysis or isoagglutination should be considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men and women entering psychotherapy more often had negative Wish elements than others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This clone will be useful for identifying the genetic determinants of FIV - Oma ' s biological activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum prolactin and oestradiol levels at different stages of puberty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of three of them revealed pure CAG stretches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total body BMD ( r = 0 . 30 ; P = 0 . 02 ) and femoral neck BMD ( r = 0 . 39 ; P = 0 . 002 ) were positively correlated with weight - bearing activity but not with non - weight - bearing activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCC 6803 mutant impaired in cytochrome c maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ureases were purified from the recombinant cells and shown to be identical to control enzyme when analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; however , in every case the activity levels correlated to nickel contents as analyzed by atomic absorption analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ureases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis of the catfish JH - CH intron suggests that several sequences are present which appear similar to important transcriptional regulatory elements found within JH - CH introns of higher vertebrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "JH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "JH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 177]}, {"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seroconversion after hepatitis B vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 1 at 3500 m , RI showed a significant fall in body weight ( BW ) with respect to SL but AI maintained it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of CBP / p300 potentiated HS2 - mediated transactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "p300", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The perforated splint gives superior results by virtue of the fact that it does not require to be removed for purposes of hygiene and can thus produce a satisfactory result even in those patients who fail to grasp the technique of removal and replacement of the splint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using lasers in diabetic wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein metabolism disorders in burns", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , MAPK activation stimulated by the Gq - coupled alpha 1B AR or M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptor is unaffected by expression of beta ARKct or RasN17 expression or by PTK inhibitors , but is blocked by expression of N delta Raf or by PKC depletion .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Gq", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "M1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "muscarinic cholinergic receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 110]}, {"entity": "beta ARKct", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "RasN17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "PTK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "N delta Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 240]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [247, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA unwinding in U4 / U6 snRNPs requires ATP hydrolysis and the DEIH - box splicing factor Brr2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "U4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "U6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Brr2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extra dose due to extravehicular activity during the NASA4 mission measured by an on - board TLD system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preface and acknowledgements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G - CSF ( 10 microg / kg ) was started on day + 1 and all patients engrafted within a median day number of 12 ( range , 10 - 22 ) until leukocytes > 1 . 0 x 10 ( 9 ) / l and a median day number of 56 ( range , 10 - 180 ) until platelets > 20 . 0 x 10 ( 9 ) / l ( ie platelet transfusion independence ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "G - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study indicates that the high - dose 5 - fluorouracil regimen shows weak activity in advanced pancreatic cancer which seems comparable to gemcitabine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At D28 , 149 of 386 patients ( 49 % ) had had episodes of automatic mode switch prompted by atrial arrhythmias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the rates of a - factor receptor endocytosis and consequent vacuolar turnover depend on the available level of ubiquitin in the cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "a - factor receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early diagnosis and early surgical division of the biliary tract and pancreatic duct is recommended for children with AAPBD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach allowed examination of baseline factors as well as the effect of change in mileage , the occurrence of a musculoskeletal problem , or the occurrence of another health problem on the rate of dropout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased gliadin antibody levels were found more frequently in patients with subtotal villous atrophy ( 9 out of 17 patients , or 53 % ; p less than 0 . 05 ) than in patients with partial villous atrophy ( 2 out of 13 patients , or 15 % ) or normal villous appearance ( 2 out of 10 patients , or 20 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gliadin antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of cefazolin , given into the III cerebral ventricle at different doses were studied on GABA content , GAD and GABA - T in the brain - stem of young chickens ( Gallus domesticus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sequence was sufficient to confer p53 - dependent activation to a heterologous promoter and p53 was capable of binding to this sequence as assessed by gel shift analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAT assays demonstrated that overexpression of RXRalpha conferred the best RA response , consistent with our previous observation that 9 - cis - RA is more potent than all - trans - RA for inducing the expression of the AFP gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "RXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "AFP gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the results suggest that N region diversity at V ( D ) J junctions within rearranged immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene loci can only be introduced after the generation of RAG - catalyzed DNA double - strand breaks , i . e . during the DNA end joining phase of the V ( D ) J recombination reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "V", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 62]}, {"entity": "D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 66]}, {"entity": "J", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 70]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "T cell receptor gene loci", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 143]}, {"entity": "RAG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [284, 285]}, {"entity": "D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [288, 289]}, {"entity": "J", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [292, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pra2 gene encodes a pea ( Pisum sativum ) small GTPase belonging to the YPT / rab family , and its expression is down - regulated by light , mediated by phytochrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "pra2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "pea ( Pisum sativum ) small GTPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 58]}, {"entity": "YPT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "rab", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "phytochrome", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To directly address this issue , we used a tetracycline - regulated system in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells and thus found that BCL6 mediates growth suppression associated with impaired S phase progression and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCL6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in water and electrolyte content of the brain and edema formation after acute , drug - induced hypertension were studied in albino rabbits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino - terminal gag - encoded region of P140gag - fps contains a phosphotyrosine residue in addition to normal gag phosphorylation sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - terminal gag - encoded region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 41]}, {"entity": "P140gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "fps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the effect of persistent cardiomegaly on cardiovascular function , groups of newborn rats inhaled up to 500 ppm CO for 33 days , after which development continued in ambient air .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subjects ' lungs were ventilated with N2O in O2 ( FIO2 0 . 3 ) to the end - tidal CO2 present before anesthesia , and then CBF was measured using intravenous 133Xe and ten scintillation counters , five over each cerebral hemisphere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutaneous melanoma and bilateral retinoblastoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This complex was eliminated by mutation of either half - site , and it was supershifted by antibodies against chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter - transcription factor ( COUP - TF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter - transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 168]}, {"entity": "COUP - TF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymorphisms in the CCR5 genes of African green monkeys and mice implicate specific amino acids in infections by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCR5 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription start site was localized 224 bp upstream the ATG codon by RNase protection and primer extension mapping .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical aspects of the relation of the radioprotective action of mercaptoethylamine derivatives and analogs to their electron parameters", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients ( 24 % ) developed sepsis and only one survived .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material then was cut with a diamond saw into sheets of 8 x 10 x 3 mm , and the upper surface was polished by colloidal SiO2 and / or covered with a carbon - titanium ( C : Ti ) layer ( 3 . 3 microm ) using the plasma - enhanced physical vapor deposition method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present here a statistical technique we developed to identify the sequence elements that may be responsible for this cell cycle regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic osteopenia , a known chronic complication of diabetes , has been demonstrated with alterations in the calcium - vitamin D endocrine system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the comparison of the nod box sequences of ( brady ) rhizobia with a more divergent nod box from Azorhizobium caulinodans , we now propose a modular build - up of the nod box with the sequence A - T - C - N9 - G - A - T as the binding target of the NodD protein ( the NodD box ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nod box sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "nod box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "nod box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "NodD protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [254, 266]}, {"entity": "NodD box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [273, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dip also occurred during prednisone and vitamin D treatment , but did not occur when calcium was added to prednisone , although the baseline value was lower at the start of combined treatment with prednisone and calcium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly conserved regions called src homology 2 and 3 ( SH2 and SH3 ) , comprising amino acid residues 88 to 250 , are believed to modulate the protein - tyrosine kinase activity present in the carboxy - terminal halves of the src proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "src homology 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "SH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "protein - tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 168]}, {"entity": "src proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [226, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of novel techniques , such as histopathologic ultrastaging , immunohistochemistry staining , and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays , will help increase the accuracy and rate of detection of disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acanthamoeba myosin I heavy chain kinase ( MIHCK ) phosphorylates the heavy chains of amoeba myosins I , increasing their actin - activated ATPase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acanthamoeba myosin I heavy chain kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "MIHCK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "amoeba myosins I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "actin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different genes ( polA and polB ) encoding family B DNA polymerases were cloned from the organism by PCR using degenerated primers based on the two conserved motifs ( motif A and B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "polB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "family B DNA polymerases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this reconstituted system , RNAP IIA , but not RNAP IIB , can transcribe from the DHFR promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNAP IIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "RNAP IIB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "DHFR promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the data suggest an immunological non - responsiveness to enterotoxin A in a considerable portion of the patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "enterotoxin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA contained 450 amino acids with a calculated M ( r ) of 52 , 057 , and showed significant homology with human and mouse CAD ( 22 % identity ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse CAD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal or regional 8 - to 20 - Hz low - voltage epileptiform paroxysms in either hippocampus ( 10 patients ) , amygdala ( 1 patient ) , or both ( 1 patient ) preceded initial motionless staring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokine - mediated I kappa B alpha reappearance was completely blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide .", "entity": [{"entity": "I kappa B alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the authors found one an3 allele ( an3 - W138A ) in which a dTph1 element had inserted 30 bp upstream the translation start , without inactivating the gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "an3 allele", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "an3 - W138A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "dTph1 element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The right cornea of rats was cauterized by drops of 1 . 5 N HC1 over 30 s ; the left one served as a control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference between the effects of the two dose levels of Z .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this presentation is to review the current state of knowledge regarding 5 , 8 , 11 , 14 - eicosatetraynoic acid ( ETYA , Ro 3 - 1428 ) and its effects on lipid metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying spatial disorientation in patients with Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretion of cuticle over and between the domed apical surfaces of these cells leads to a honeycomb - like structure and gives the superficial wart - like phenotype of mitotic clones on the adult .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequences of two previously known tail genes , R and S , of the temperate bacteriophage P2 and the sequence of an additional open reading frame ( orf - 30 ) located between S and V , were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "tail genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 58]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 178]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NGF also induced a synthetic promoter with repeated Sp1 sites linked to a core promoter , and a plasmid regulated by a chimeric transactivator in which the Gal4 DNA binding domain is fused to the Sp1 transactivation domain , indicating that this transactivation domain is regulated by NGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "NGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Sp1 sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Gal4 DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 179]}, {"entity": "Sp1 transactivation domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 222]}, {"entity": "NGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear transcription assays confirmed that cys - 3 + was under sulfur - regulated transcriptional control and that cys - 3 + transcription was constitutive in sulfur controller ( scon ) - negative regulator mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "cys - 3 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "cys - 3 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "sulfur controller", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 177]}, {"entity": "scon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that UvrA is involved in triplet repeat instability in cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "UvrA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude , therefore , that in the absence of E1A , E4orf4 is sufficient by itself to trigger a p53 - independent apoptosis pathway that may operate independently of the known zVAD - inhibitable caspases , and that may involve an as yet uncharacterized mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "E4orf4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "caspases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The system developed in this study can be used as a method to detect air - trapping during TGI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this product was determined and the amino acid sequence deduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a shift to 37 degrees C , the mutant Rat7 - 1p / Nup159 - 1p is lost from the nuclear rim of rat7 - 1 cells and NPCs , which are clustered together in these cells grown under permissive conditions become substantially less clustered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rat7 - 1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Nup159 - 1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for Gcr1p / Gcr2p interaction has been presented earlier and is now supported by the isolation of mutations in Gcr1p suppressing gcr2 , as assessed by growth and enzyme assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gcr1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Gcr2p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Gcr1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "gcr2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal function was evaluated in a group of 24 patients ( 21 men and 3 women , mean age 47 years ) who had survived the malignant phase of hypertension during the period of 1969 - 1979 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian ribonucleotide reductase shows S - phase specific expression and consists of two non - identical subunits , proteins R1 ( large subunit ) and R2 ( small subunit ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribonucleotide reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 34]}, {"entity": "proteins R1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "R2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azoospermia was graded in the following way : adequate spermatozoa ( A1 ) , low , scanty or rare spermatozoa ( A2 ) , spermatid arrest ( B1 ) , spermatocyte arrest ( B2 ) , Sertoli cell - only pattern ( C ) and sclerosis ( D ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes a course of therapy with an agoraphobic female patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmids bearing the P . stipitis URA3 gene and ARS2 element produced more than 30 , 000 transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "P . stipitis URA3 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation of NF - kappaB - dependent reporter gene transcription by E1A was potently suppressed upon coexpression of the E1B 19 - kDa protein ( 19K ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "E1B 19 - kDa protein ( 19K )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed the effects of light on tubulin mRNA abundance in Arabidopsis seedlings using RNA gel blot hybridizations and gene - specific probes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubulin mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that transcription of both SCD1 and SCD2 genes is responsive to cellular sterol levels and to the levels of nuclear SREBP / ADD1 and that transcriptional induction requires three spatially conserved cis elements , that bind SREBP and NF - Y .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "SCD2 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "SREBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "ADD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "SREBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 241]}, {"entity": "NF - Y", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Recent iterative methods for sequence alignment have indicated that the 380 kDa motor unit of dynein belongs to the AAA class of chaperone - like ATPases .", "entity": [{"entity": "dynein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "AAA class", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "chaperone - like ATPases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that death of S . mansoni cercariae during penetration of mammalian host skin is probably due to exhaustion of their energy reserves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , lacZ transcripts synthesised this way are highly unstable and yield little beta - galactosidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacZ transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "beta - galactosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research on lipolysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , HBx is shown to activate the cyclin A promoter , induce cyclin A - cyclin - dependent kinase 2 complexes , and promote cycling of growth - arrested cells into G1 through a pathway involving activation of Src tyrosine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBx", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "cyclin A promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "cyclin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "cyclin - dependent kinase 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 104]}, {"entity": "Src tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - seven per cent of the primary patients reporting mild symptoms had abnormal levels of leucocytes in their CSF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vertebrate transcription factors TCF ( T cell factor ) and LEF ( lymphocyte enhancer binding factor ) interact with beta - catenin and are hypothesized to mediate Wingless / Wnt signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "vertebrate transcription factors TCF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 40]}, {"entity": "T cell factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "LEF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "lymphocyte enhancer binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 103]}, {"entity": "beta - catenin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 134]}, {"entity": "Wingless", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 175]}, {"entity": "Wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Activating protein - 1 ( AP - 1 ) and Tat - induced transcription were assessed using Jun and hybrid Tat / Jun - expression plasmids and reporter gene constructs which contained AP - 1 binding sites upstream of the rat prolactin TATAA element or an HIV - 1 LTR construct in which AP - 1 binding sites replaced the TAR element .", "entity": [{"entity": "Activating protein - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "AP - 1 binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 207]}, {"entity": "rat prolactin TATAA element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 251]}, {"entity": "HIV - 1 LTR construct", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [258, 279]}, {"entity": "AP - 1 binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [289, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PRP4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential part of the U4 / U6 snRNP , a component of the mRNA splicing apparatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 44]}, {"entity": "U4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "U6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the penetration of Ca - 45 , the microleakage level was scored for each section .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial purine content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of transformed Ah receptor complex to a dioxin responsive transcriptional enhancer : evidence for two distinct heteromeric DNA - binding forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ah receptor complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KatA , AhpCF , heme biosynthesis enzymes , and MrgA are also induced upon entry into stationary phase under conditions of iron and manganese limitation .", "entity": [{"entity": "KatA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "AhpCF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "MrgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of the chromosome 19 breakpoint region revealed that the transcription factor - encoding USF2 gene is affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor - encoding USF2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of pseudo VH gene segment recombination products reveals no bias in D gene segment reading frame utilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "pseudo VH gene segment recombination products", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 57]}, {"entity": "D gene segment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is dangerous to label such conditions as ' inappropriate ' secretion of ADH since the maintenance of circulating volume is at least as important a physiological requirement as the defence of tonicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro activity of KP - 103 , a novel triazole derivative , against pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycoses and its therapeutic efficacy against plantar tinea pedis and cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a simulated cough machine , we analyzed the effect of adding tensio - active liquids as sol phase simulant on the clearance of gel mucus simulant by cough .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of 4 weeks of cyclosporin A ( 7 mg / kg per day ) ( CyA ) on the survival of vascularized osteochondral grafts between rat strains [ DA ( donor ) and Lewis ( recipient ) ] and the presence and significance of host immune tolerance and graft antigen modulation after cessation of immunosuppression have been examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin binding to the alpha - subunit of its receptor stimulates the receptor tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate the beta - subunit and several endogenous protein substrates , including pp120 / HA4 , a liver - specific plasma membrane glycoprotein of M ( r ) 20 , 000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "receptor tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 94]}, {"entity": "pp120", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 190]}, {"entity": "HA4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second intron is the smallest of all the introns ( 116 bp ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , our recent findings on the Tc52 encoding gene underline the interest of genetic manipulation of T . cruzi , not only making it possible to use more closely an in vitro approach to find out how genes function , but also to obtain ' attenuated ' strains that could be used in the development of vaccinal strategies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tc52 encoding gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of rats with different dose levels of CCl4 resulted in a prolongation of TMO half - life , and increase of the area under the curve ( AUC ) , and a decrease of clearance , but the apparent volume of distribution ( Vd ) was not significantly decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthy preterm infants of gestational age 26 - 29 weeks showed a ' mature ' pattern of permeability at birth , followed by a temporary period of enhanced permeability after 3 - 4 weeks of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The promoter for HMG - CoA synthase contains two binding sites for the sterol regulatory element - binding proteins ( SREBPs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "sterol regulatory element - binding proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 115]}, {"entity": "SREBPs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the same electrical analog , we present an analysis that allows calculation of these parameters , as well as the corner frequency of the network ( f1 ) , without need for similar assumptions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that transcription influences aspects of gene conversion after initiation , such as strand invasion and / or mismatch repair ( MMR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , a similar fusion protein ( hGH - LDLR - DAF17 , abbreviated HLD ) containing a fragment of the serine / threonine - rich domain of the LDL receptor ( LDLR ) in place of the DAF - derived serine / threonine - rich sequences , does not become GPI anchored .", "entity": [{"entity": "hGH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "LDLR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "DAF17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "HLD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "LDL receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "LDLR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "DAF - derived serine / threonine - rich sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ocular injuries during general anesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of concern is the high , unexplained prevalence of BV among African - American women , who are also at extremely high risk for preterm birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RAG - 2 gene encodes a component of the V ( D ) J recombinase which is essential for the assembly of antigen receptor genes in B and T lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAG - 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "V ( D ) J recombinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LAB in the cecum ( mean 9 . 4 log CFU / g ) increased slightly with increasing abattoir holding time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reproduction and maternal response of the rat when thiamine intake is limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activated Ki - Ras suppresses 12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate - induced activation of the c - Jun NH2 - terminal kinase pathway in human colon cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Activated Ki - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "c - Jun NH2 - terminal kinase pathway", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11 : 5801 - 5812 , 1991 ) present evidence that the Vps18 / Pep3 protein colocalizes with the Vps11 / Pep5 protein to the cytosolic face of the vacuolar membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vps18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "Pep3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Vps11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "Pep5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell - free extracts of E . coli ( fpg mutY ) harboring pYSB10 possess an enzymatic activity that cleaves a 34 - mer oligonucleotide containing a single 8 - oxoG opposite a cytosine ( 8 - OxoG / C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fpg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "mutY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors discussed their experience in investigating 20 patients with maxillary malignant tumors using routine x - ray studies and MR - tomography , and 13 patients , investigated in the same way plus CT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnification - corrected planimetry of the parapapillary region was performed according to Littmann ' s method in 312 unselected eyes with chronic primary open - angle glaucoma and in 125 normal eyes of an age - and refraction - matched control group using optic disk photographs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both merR genes consist of a 408 bp ORF coding for 135 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "merR genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 . 3 - kb DNA , when placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene , was shown to be functionally active .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that Fos down regulates several immediate - early genes ( c - fos , Egr - 1 , and Egr - 2 ) after mitogenic stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "immediate - early genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "c - fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "Egr - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "Egr - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polar effects of transposon insertions demonstrated that all of these mRNAs arose from a single promoter region , where transcription initiated 80 bp 5 ' to nifH .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A definitive answer to the question must come from large scale mortality studies of patients in whom the risk / benefit ratio of thrombolysis is not unacceptably high , in whom electrocardiographic criteria of infarction are unequivocal , and in whom treatment can be initiated early after the onset of symptoms with regimens that will induce not only early recanalization , but also sustained patency in infarct - related arteries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonography depicted the true morphology of these cystic lesions more clearly than CT , and the sonographic findings virtually excluded uncomplicated hepatic cyst as a diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of tumorlike lesions in the cockroach leucophaea maderae after anal blockage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify the analytical form of the PDF of one such measure , the order parameter in the low temperature phase of the 2D XY model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of antithrombin III ( AT III ) and its clinical significance", "entity": [{"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "AT III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each of the studied HPV types , the two CDP / Cut binding sites of PSM overlap with the known or presumed binding sites of the replication initiator protein E1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Cut", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "PSM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "replication initiator protein E1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this study , a total of 13 operators for the glp regulon have been characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "glp regulon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Located between the 3 ' trans - spliced leader acceptor site and the translational initiation codon of the GP63 gene is an area of conserved hexanucleotide direct repeats ( CTCGCC ) which vary in number according to species .", "entity": [{"entity": "GP63 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the ESRD treatment modality on the quality of life in patients with Type I ( insulin - dependent ) diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDA - MB - 468 cells were stably transfected with either a plasmid having a CMV promoter - driven rabbit beta - globin gene or plasmids having a CMV promoter - driven chimeric gadd45 5 \" - UTR - rabbit beta - globin gene , where the entire gadd45 5 \" - UTR ( from + 1 to + 298 ) or a 45 bp subfragment of the gadd45 5 \" - UTR ( from + 10 to + 55 ) was positioned at the 5 \" - end of the rabbit beta - globin gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CMV promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "rabbit beta - globin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 123]}, {"entity": "CMV promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "gadd45", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 182]}, {"entity": "rabbit beta - globin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 215]}, {"entity": "entire gadd45 5 \" - UTR ( from + 1 to + 298 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [233, 278]}, {"entity": "gadd45 5 \" - UTR ( from + 10 to + 55 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [309, 347]}, {"entity": "rabbit beta - globin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [387, 412]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : BMK - 1 and other 19 contents significantly decreased depolarization parameters Vmax , APA , OS , and MDP , which was similar to that of TTX and different from that of Nim and BaCl2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMK - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "TTX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen samples , seven each of IR64 and IR66 were studied with regard to moisture content , germination test , abnormal seedlings , speed of germination , conductance of leachates , total dehydrogenase activity , total free amino acids , total soluble sugar , fat acidity , gelatinization temperature , gel consistency , amylose content , translucency , and per cent whiteness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern zoo blot analysis indicated that ZNF236 is conserved in the genomes of all mammalian species tested , but not in yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZNF236", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This alternative splice acceptor site is also used by a biologically active provirus with an efficiency of approximately 5 % compared with the upstream site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to loss of digit identity and varying degrees of polydactyly , proximal skeletal elements are severely shortened in Xt ; ld double homozygous limbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "ld", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In turn , production of sufficient amounts of TraR apparently is sensitive to a cellular function requiring RNase D .", "entity": [{"entity": "TraR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "RNase D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the effect of the antibiotic lasalocid on the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis RK 21 was examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 382 new mothers were examined retrospectively with the enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) for IgG activity to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) during pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter , spliced leader , and coding sequence for BICP4 , the largest of the immediate - early proteins of bovine herpesvirus 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BICP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "immediate - early proteins of bovine herpesvirus 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ER beta was less potent than ER alpha in activating E2 - stimulated ERELuc activity ( 4 - vs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ER alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "ERELuc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest a dose - dependent activity of lysine vasopressin on the EEG , which might be similar to that observed in animal and man after administration of nicotine .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine vasopressin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , elimination of the kinase activity of DCAMKL1 has no detectable effect on its microtubule polymerization activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCAMKL1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequencing and restriction enzyme analysis demonstrated that this single - copy gene contains 11 exons and spans 9596 base pairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of prolonged inhibition of labour pains with Th 1165a and Isoptin on the heart , circulation , organ - and metabolic parameters of the mother", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anaesthetic management of 41 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation during a 40 month period at Clinica Puerta de Hierro is reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In uraemic patients , similar maximum serum concentrations were found after a single 7 . 5 mg / kg iv dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the unit housing of a compact cyclotron and positron emission CT ( PET ) , positron emitting gas such as 15O , 11C , C15O2 , C15O etc . is supplied from a cyclotron to a PET room through a transportation pipe with an appropriate shield to reduce positron annihilation radiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although CB - 4 isolates were less resistant to chlorine than CB - 5 isolates , after 1 , 000 min of contact 0 . 01 % of the input virus was still infectious .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the cloning and initial characterization of IPP , a novel human gene that predicts a kelch family protein homologous to the mouse Ipp gene , a previously described kelch family member .", "entity": [{"entity": "IPP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "kelch family protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "mouse Ipp gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "kelch family member", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis identifies a ras - associating ( RA ) - like domain in the N - termini of band 4 . 1 / JEF domains and in the Grb7 / 10 / 14 adapter family .", "entity": [{"entity": "ras - associating", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "RA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "band 4 . 1 / JEF domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 116]}, {"entity": "Grb7 / 10 / 14 adapter family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ) : effect of an intervention programme to avoid prone sleeping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical conservation laws in turbulent transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization and targeted disruption of murine Nup50 , a p27 ( Kip1 ) - interacting component of the nuclear pore complex . p27 ( Kip1 ) is a member of the Cip - Kip family of cyclin - dependent kinase ( Cdk ) inhibitors that binds to cyclin - Cdk complexes and inhibits their catalytic activity in response to antiproliferative stimuli . p27 ( Kip1 ) is regulated by several posttranscriptional mechanisms , including subcellular localization .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine Nup50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "Cip", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "Kip", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "cyclin - dependent kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 205]}, {"entity": "Cdk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "cyclin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [239, 245]}, {"entity": "Cdk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 251]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [343, 346]}, {"entity": "Kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [349, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are warranted to determine whether these findings are idiosyncratic , coincidental , or a more general phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified the gene encoding sigma E using a genetic screen designed to isolate trans - acting mutations that abolish expression from either htrA or rpoHP3 , two promoters recognized uniquely by sigma E - containing RNA polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "sigma E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "htrA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "rpoHP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 163]}, {"entity": "sigma E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 210]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODOLOGY : A case control study of survivors with gestational age ( GA ) < 28 weeks or birthweight ( BW ) < 1000 g using data collected prospectively in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit database .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these results , it has been concluded that an IPFSA can promote the healing process in the avascular zone of a torn meniscus in rabbits and that systemic vascularity to the synovium or the meniscus is not essential for healing to occur .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomass growth monitoring using pressure drop in a cocurrent biofilter", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant p53 DNA clones from human colon carcinomas cooperate with ras in transforming primary rat cells : a comparison of the \" hot spot \" mutant phenotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 DNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RHO1 gene encodes a homolog of the mammalian RhoA small GTP - binding protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "RHO1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "RhoA small GTP - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspection of X . tropicalis , mouse and human U6 DNA upstream sequences revealed the presence of a TATA box as well as of the proximal and enhancer ( octamer motif ) elements contained in snRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "X . tropicalis , mouse and human U6 DNA upstream sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 72]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In men , weight / height2 met the criteria for a satisfactory index in that there was a very strong correlation with triceps skinfold , and a negligible correlation with height .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When expressed in thymidine kinase - deficient L cells or 3T3 cells , C / EBPalpha is detected in a protein complex which binds to the E2F binding sites found in the promoters of the genes for E2F - 1 and dihydrofolate reductase ( DHFR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "C / EBPalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "E2F binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 152]}, {"entity": "E2F - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 200]}, {"entity": "dihydrofolate reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 228]}, {"entity": "DHFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylalanine and tyrosine levels were higher in those who received Vamin 9 glucose but 55 % of infants given Vamin Infant had tyrosine levels below the lower limit of the target range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of an osteocalcin gene promoter sequence that binds AP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteocalcin gene promoter sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 55]}, {"entity": "AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Neurodevelopmental assessment at 1 year is predictive of school performance and outcome in the adolescent period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenotypic responses of additional mutants , including exo1 , srs2 , rad5 , and rdh54 strains , suggest roles in recombinational repair , but not in NHEJ .", "entity": [{"entity": "exo1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "srs2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "rad5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "rdh54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although hSSTR5 displays approximately 75 % sequence identity with rat SSTR5 , the two receptors display significantly different pharmacological profiles , especially with respect to their binding affinities for the SST analogue SMS 201 - 995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hSSTR5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "rat SSTR5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "SST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that IL - 1 - stimulated , Rho - dependent cytoskeletal reorganization may cluster signaling molecules in specific architectures that are necessary for persistent cell activation in chronic inflammatory disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion mutants of the human CHOP promoter identify a region comprising nucleotides - 75 to - 104 required for both constitutive and ER - stress - inducible expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CHOP promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston during a 30 - year interval ( 1944 to 1974 ) , with a minimum of ten years of follow - up , we determined that the major prognostic factor of survival was the number of positive nodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the atherogenic process includes stimulation of collagen and elastin synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "elastin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report nine consecutive cases of ACB , which occurred in five males and four females and were detected in 11 , 159 routine spiral CT examinations of the chest , performed between 1994 and 1998 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute CD4 count of patients with de novo IBD was 210 - 700 cells / ml at the time of IBD .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of these fibroblast clones were infected with a retrovirus containing the cDNA encoding myoD and a puromycin selection marker .", "entity": [{"entity": "cDNA encoding myoD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sexual adventurism , high - risk behavior , and human immunodeficiency virus - 1 seroconversion among the Chicago MACS - CCS cohort , 1984 to 1992 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As already available for the other known mammalian members of this enzyme family , we here define structural and functional features of human lymphoma proprotein convertase ( LPC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "human lymphoma proprotein convertase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 172]}, {"entity": "LPC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential usefulness of syngeneic BM Txp in myeloma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to understand the etiology of HITT because of its devastating clinical consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained from the tritium test and direct chemical analysis were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relation between clinical and roentgenological scores and measures of lung function in cystic fibrosis , with special reference to pulmonary Xenon133 elimination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytohemagglutinin ( PHA ) , the seed lectin of the common bean , accumulates in protein storage vacuoles of storage parenchyma cells in cotyledons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phytohemagglutinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "PHA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "seed lectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New concepts of condyloma acuminata in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When recombinant gE produced in HeLa cells was probed with the same antiphosphotyrosine antibody , a dimeric gE form at 130 kDa was detected on the cell surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant gE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "dimeric gE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of soluble L - selectin and ICAM - 1 in the serum were determined by the ELISA method .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - selectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "ICAM - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of lung edema on pulmonary vasoactivity of furosemide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the last few years , the WWW has grown enormously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of insertion mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH1 and MSH2 genes : evidence for separate mitochondrial and nuclear functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "MSH2 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cells also showed an increase in cyclin A and cyclin A - and E - associated kinase activities characteristic of S phase induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "cyclin A - and E - associated kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anisotropy of Hc2 and the breadth of the resistive transition of polycrystalline YBa2Cu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TGF - beta1 induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGF - beta1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Smad2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Smad3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in the frequency of X - chromatin in women under Prednisone therapy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtaining kidney cells from a beagle puppy ( RPB - 1 ) and the establishment of a cryopreservation bank", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopically , cartilage showed markedly stunted and disorganized endochondral ossification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When incubated with infective larvae which had penetrated mouse skin , both normal and immune cells attached to larvae in the absence of serum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During each step of the pulse infusion the osteocalcin responses to changes in CaI in general were parallel to the changes in PTH ( r = 0 . 462 ; P = 0 . 02 ) and were inversely correlated to CaI ( r = - 0 . 562 ; P = 0 . 003 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteocalcin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "PTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GH signals by interacting with GH receptor ( GHR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "GH receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "GHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that overexpression of MT potentiates the growth of MCF7 cells , whereas downregulation of MT elicits antiproliferative effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction by dexamethasone of rat liver CYP3A1 differs from classical glucocorticoid gene regulation in part because both glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids such as pregnenolone 16 alpha - carbonitrile ( PCN ) induce CYP3A1 through transcriptional gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat liver CYP3A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "CYP3A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [226, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pharmacokinetic interaction between LY354740 and diazepam , leading to the lowering of the plasma level of free diazepam , was also demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , in patients with MYD , there was a significant decrease in arterial PO2 from the seated posture to the supine posture , without a significant change in the arterial PCO2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were followed over a 1 - to 6 - h posttraumatic course , and processed for the LM and TEM visualization of HRP .", "entity": [{"entity": "HRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose consumption of the human brain under the influence of intravenous infusions of glucose , glucagon and glucose - insulin", "entity": [{"entity": "glucagon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The signs of enterocolitis , pathological microbial flora in the stool and changes in the colon mucosa were absent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to evaluate the physical and biological characteristics of nebulized interleukin 2 liposomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although mutant pex5delta cells expressing a yeast / tobacco Pex5p chimaera failed to import a GFP - Eci1p reporter protein , they were able to grow on oleic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant pex5delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "yeast / tobacco Pex5p chimaera", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 75]}, {"entity": "GFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "Eci1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two human beta - 1 , 6 - N - acetylglucosaminyltransferases forming the core 2 O - glycan branch , C2GnT and the I antigen , IGnT , are homologous to each other in three regions of the catalytic domain ( A , B , C ) and their genes reside at the same locus , chromosome 9 , band q21 ( Bierhuizen , M . F . A . , Mattei , M . - G . and Fukuda , M . , Genes Dev . , 7 , 468 - 478 , 1993 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "human beta - 1 , 6 - N - acetylglucosaminyltransferases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 59]}, {"entity": "I antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "IGnT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we had shown that interleukin 8 ( IL - 8 ) is constitutively expressed in HTLV - I - infected cells and in cells transiently expressing Tax .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "IL - 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We undertook this study to examine the relationship between systemic oxygen delivery ( DO2 ) and tissue oxygen tension ( TPO2 ) in hypovolemic shock .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest PaCO2 values were significantly lower in MCE than in the F , W , and D ( F + W + D ) group or controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psychosomatic approach to temporomandibular arthrosis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of sinusoidal gratings by pattern - specific detectors : further evidence for the correlation principle in human vision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional start site ( s ) of the IA - 2 gene was mapped by 5 ' rapid amplification of cDNA ends to 97 bp upstream of the translational start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "IA - 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Function was retained when one copy of the sequence was present , suggesting that this sequence represents an essential element .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data also suggest that gamma CACCC box binding factors mediate LCR - gamma interactions which normally enhance gamma - globin and suppress beta - globin gene expression in fetal erythroid cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma CACCC box binding factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 58]}, {"entity": "LCR - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "gamma - globin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 129]}, {"entity": "beta - globin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricle to coronary sinus fistula .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other transcripts of different length could be detected after prolonged exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have isolated and sequenced cDNA sequences corresponding to two novel genes that map to Xq28 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vaccinia virus D6R open reading frame encodes the small subunit of the heterodimeric vaccinia virus early transcription factor ( VETF ) that activates transcription of early genes in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "D6R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "vaccinia virus early transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 130]}, {"entity": "VETF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "early genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) to obtain the structure of an RNA \" kissing \" hairpin complex formed between the HIV - 2 TAR hairpin loop and a hairpin with a complementary loop sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xnr3 is transcriptionally activated by wnt signaling during gastrulation in the Xenopus embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xnr3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we identify Tyr319 as a functionally important phosphorylation site in the ZAP - 70 interdomain B region .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZAP - 70 interdomain B region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal dysplasia with multisystem malformation - - a study of 9 cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brome mosaic virus polymerase - like protein 2a is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum by helicase - like viral protein 1a .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brome mosaic virus polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "protein 2a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "viral protein 1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations abolishing MalK function not only result in inability to transport maltose but also cause constitutive expression of the maltose regulon .", "entity": [{"entity": "MalK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "maltose regulon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The D . discoideum proteins were entirely conserved over the four regions known to be important for GTP binding and all contained the C - terminal CAAX aa motifs shared by other Rho proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rho proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of chronically depressed LCBF ( after 1 day ) may be related to the quick structural repair of endothelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional uncoupling of the Janus kinase 3 - Stat5 pathway in malignant growth of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 - transformed human T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janus kinase 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "Stat5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An environmental investigation found evidence of suboptimal food storage and cooking temperatures at Restaurant A ; cross contamination of foods may have contributed to the low attributable risk identified for chile rellenos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used event - related functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a cued spatial - attention task to dissociate brain activity related to attentional control from that related to selective processing of target stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , microinjection of reconstituted mRNPs into Xenopus oocytes demonstrates that although translational repression occurs in the absence of consensus RNA binding sequences for FRGY2 , the presence of FRGY2 recognition elements within mRNA potentiates translational repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRGY2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "FRGY2 recognition elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the study suggest that Chinese medicine use among this population depends on health conditions , and that having a regular source of care for Chinese medicine as well as a preference for Chinese medicine are two predictors for its use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A V1 mutant generated in vivo with 11 of the 14 N - terminal amino acids altered , was viable and produced symptoms typical of a wild - type infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "V1 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest that clr4 + and rik1 + must play a role in the assembly of Swi6p into a transcriptionally silent , inaccessible chromatin structure at fission yeast centromeres which is required to facilitate interactions with spindle microtubules and to ensure normal chromosome segregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "clr4 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "rik1 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "Swi6p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene sequence predicts a 150 , 825 mol wt apoprotein of 1363 amino acids having an N - terminal hydrophobic signal sequence of 17 amino acids , 19 potential N - linked glycosylation sites , a hydrophobic anchor sequence of approximately 17 amino acids near the C terminus , and a hydrophilic cysteine - rich C terminus of 35 amino acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , epidural morphine does not modify the intraoperative metabolic and hormonal responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only the native structure of phosphorylated ERK was recognized by VHR and was inactivated with a second - order rate constant of 40 , 000 M - 1 s - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "VHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Omitting part of the experimental NOE - derived distances results in reduced restraint violations and lower R factors but impairs structural convergence in the rMD refinement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region immediately following the promoter and 5 ' to ORF1 has a potential transcription terminator sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle regulatory components have been largely conserved in eukaryotes ; however , orthologs of neither CAK1 nor csk1 have been identified in other species to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "csk1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within any cell line , several Tcfs and TLEs are co - expressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tcfs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "TLEs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In marked contrast to the previously published human CD6 sequence , the mouse sequence predicts a long cytoplasmic tail that is not closely related to other proteins and possesses two proline - rich motifs containing the SH3 - domain binding consensus sequence , three protein kinase C phosphorylation site motifs , nine casein kinase - 2 phosphorylation site motifs , and a serine - threonine - rich motif repeated three times .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CD6 sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "SH3 - domain binding consensus sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 260]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C phosphorylation site motifs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [269, 313]}, {"entity": "casein kinase - 2 phosphorylation site motifs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [321, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Xenopus homeobox gene twin mediates Wnt induction of goosecoid in establishment of Spemann ' s organizer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xenopus homeobox gene twin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "goosecoid", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinethazone", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Divergent regions of the posterior left hemisphere used for decoding and storage of information emerged in each working memory versus control task comparison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the different epithelial cell lines tested , only RTS3b cells allowed an expression pattern similar to that observed in naturally infected benign condylomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These involve ( 1 ) subcloning a promoterless sucCD fragment downstream of the lac promoter in M13mp10 , and ( 2 ) precise splicing of the suc coding regions with the efficient atpE ribosome - binding site and expression from the thermoinducible lambda promoters in the pJLA503 vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucCD fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "lac promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "suc coding regions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 157]}, {"entity": "atpE ribosome - binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increase in [ Ca + + ] counteracted the effects of verapamil on RAD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for involvement of proteins HU and RpoS in transcription of the osmoresponsive proU operon in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "HU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "RpoS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "proU operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison to a silent baseline , CBF increases were observed in auditory cortex bilaterally and in the right superior parietal , right dorsolateral frontal , and right premotor regions , with no modulation as a function of attentional condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detonation - traumatic load during military service", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of CDC5 was lethal and resulted in a dumbbell - shaped terminal morphology , with the nuclei almost divided but still connected .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDC5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the pathway to Fc epsilonRI - mediated MEK / ERK and ERK activation can apparently bypass Ras and Raf - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fc epsilonRI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "Raf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bovine anaplasmosis : susceptibility of seronegative cows from an infected herd to experimental infection with Anaplasma marginale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The starting dose was 8 mg / m2 administered intravenously ( IV ) as a short infusion daily for 5 days , repeated every 3 weeks with dose adjustments depending on patient tolerance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase is tyrosine - phosphorylated after beta1 - integrin stimulation in B cells and binds to p130cas .", "entity": [{"entity": "adhesion focal tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 42]}, {"entity": "beta1 - integrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "p130cas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cerebellar cortical vessels : they are compared to the cerebral vessels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma prolactin concentrations in pinealectomized ewes receiving melatonin treatment and in pineal intact ewes maintained under a non - 24 - hour photoperiod .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 5 days stimulation with G - CSF ( 10 micrograms / kg ) 1l of blood was drawn , kept unprocessed for 3 days and reinfused 24 h after completion of chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "G - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species composition and abundance upon treatment of manure with polyethylene , polystyrene and glass particles was similar to that of the treatment control , i . e . natural and inert sand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present the case of a patient who presented an unusually large mucoid cyst measuring 38 x 25 mm in an uncommon localization , the right maxillary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty male volunteers were studied during almokalant infusion aiming at plasma concentrations ( Cpl ) of 20 , 50 , 100 , and 150 nmol / l .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have shown that TGFbeta1 expression is upregulated in mouse keratinocytes infected with a v - rasHa retrovirus , although the functional significance of this has not been clear .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGFbeta1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "v - rasHa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant difference in the distribution of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase was found in subgroup 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "thyroid peroxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase C ( PKC ) activation after treatment of human neuroblastoma SK - N - BE ( 2 ) C cells with phorbol 12 - myristate 13 - acetate ( PMA ) was found to enhance transcription of the human dopamine beta - hydroxylase ( DBH ) in those cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "dopamine beta - hydroxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 225]}, {"entity": "DBH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiographic spatial frequencies essential to the diagnosis of incipient interproximal lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The originally embryonic gamma - globin locus duplicated and acquired a novel ( fetal ) pattern of expression in a defined time period ( 55 - 40 million years ago ) during primate phylogeny .", "entity": [{"entity": "embryonic gamma - globin locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pcaR regulatory locus has been found to be required for both induction of all of the genes within the pca regulon ( pcaBDC , pcaIJ , and pcaF ) and the chemotactic response of the bacteria to aromatic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "pcaR regulatory locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "pca regulon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "pcaBDC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "pcaIJ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "pcaF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the i - leader protein is a viral gene product of unknown function and high stability that is made in large quantities at intermediate times of productive infection . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "i - leader protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , during the evolution of mammals , it is the CKbeta4GT - I gene lineage that has been recruited for the biosynthesis of lactose .", "entity": [{"entity": "CKbeta4GT - I gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pi signals are conveyed to PHO8 by binding of PHO4 protein , a positive regulatory factor , to a promoter region of PHO8 ( PHO8p ) under the influence of the PHO regulatory circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHO8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "PHO4 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "PHO8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "PHO8p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "PHO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct saturation analysis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the neural network were compared with those of a density mask ( thresholds , - 750 / - 300 H ) , with a radiologist serving as the gold standard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analysis of the IME2 UAS reveals two critical sequence elements : a G + C - rich sequence ( called URS1 ) , previously identified at many meiotic genes , and a newly described element , the T4C site , that we found at a subset of meiotic genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IME2 UAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed right ventricular size and function and 201Tl uptake to determine if there was a relationship between 201Tl uptake and systolic function in 19 patients with pulmonary artery hypertension who were being evaluated for heart - lung transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical findings plaque index , PI ; gingival index , GI ; bleeding on probing , BOP ; pus discharge , pus ; and probing depth , PD at both PT - 01 and control sites were measured at every visit for 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore the effect of GAL11 on PGK transcription must be mediated at the PGK UAS , presumably as part of the activation complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "PGK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "PGK UAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors recommend in cases with an elevated transaminase serum activity more frequent check - up examinations to avoid missing of a relapse , and to examine repeatedly IgM anti - HAV as in protracted forms of hepatitis IgM anti - HAV may persist even when the transaminase activity is normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "anti - HAV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "anti - HAV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects were studied of extremely high - frequency electromagnetic radiation ( EHF EMR ) on indices for the immune and endocrine systems in a series of 48 patients presenting with hyperplastic processes in endometrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Management of patients with Ewing ' s sarcoma has been discussed with reference to the need to achieve an excellent local result from radiation therapy now that patients are experiencing long - term survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of hyperaemia on thallium - 201 redistribution in normal canine myocardium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After dialysis online , lactate was converted by means of lactate oxidase immobilized to porous glass , and the depletion of oxygen was registered by means of a Clark electrode .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that both Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors upregulate HGF promoter activity by binding to the Sp1 binding site at position - 318 to - 303 bp in the HGF gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "Sp3 transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 59]}, {"entity": "HGF promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Sp1 binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 127]}, {"entity": "HGF gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a member of the uncoupling protein family , UCP2 is ubiquitously expressed in rodents and humans , implicating a major role in thermogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "uncoupling protein family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 44]}, {"entity": "UCP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "99Tcm - labelled albumin colloid , albures ( radius 250 nm ) or nanocoll ( radius 25 nm ) , or both were used as test substances to study the kinetics of vascular clearance after RES stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis B markers in Lancashire police officers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xa4 is a dominantly inherited rice gene that confers resistance to Philippine race 1 of the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae in rice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xa4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening of human cDNA libraries has identified two different 5 ' - termini and alternatively spliced forms of the human Fli - 1 gene ( Fli - 1b ) , suggesting the possible existence of two independent promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Fli - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 134]}, {"entity": "Fli - 1b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were unable to construct chvI or chvG insertion mutants of R . meliloti , whereas mutants carrying insertions outside of these genes were readily obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "chvI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "chvG insertion mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with an effect on transcription , p21 was localized in nuclei of transfected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When yeast cells reach a critical size in late G1 they simultaneously start budding , initiate DNA synthesis , and activate transcription of a set of genes that includes G1 cyclins CLN1 , CLN2 , and many DNA synthesis genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "G1 cyclins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "CLN1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "CLN2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a 1 - h rest ( for T2 return to baseline ) , subjects repeated the 5 - min protocol , followed by a final MRI / MRS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of ELISAs for the diagnosis of canine atopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ localization of PCP - A1 transcripts revealed that they accumulate specifically in pollen at the late binucleate / trinucleate stage of development rather than in the tapetum , which previously was taken to be the principal source of the pollen coat .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP - A1 transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single dose of Cef was administered intravenously to 11 patients with autoimmune diseases and varying degrees of renal impairment ( Group I CLCR less than 50 ml / min , Group II CLCR greater than 50 ml / min ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postheparin lipoprotein lipase , measured using fat emulsion as substrate , also was significantly greater in female rats compared with males .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipoprotein lipase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Here , we report the identification of two major and novel Shc tyrosine phosphorylation sites , Y239 and Y240 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained demonstrate the applicability of countercurrent chromatography to the determination of ultratrace elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our sequence data , ORF2 from most isolates excluding G1 encode truncated 49 aa ( pORF2a ) because of an in - frame stop codon , although ORF2s from most G1 isolates encode 202 aa ( pORF2ab ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fusions between the GAL DNA binding domain and full - length mSin3 were also capable of repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 42]}, {"entity": "full - length mSin3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical evidence provides tentative suggestions on ( a ) possible additional risk of cigarette smoking ( b ) avoidance of venography ( c ) avoidance of varicose vein surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the contribution of a cryptic plasmid , pRmeGR4b , to the nodulation of Medicago sativa by strain GR4 of Rhizobium meliloti .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the predominant action of LSD on the female copulatory response is not mediated by increased dopamine receptor activity but that the LSD effect might be modulated by decreased dopaminergic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of severe congestive heart failure ( Killip class III or IV ) at admission was significantly higher in patients with early presentation , than with late presentation ( 30 . 7 % vs 7 . 6 % , p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings also demonstrate that unless excluded by other factors , the C proteins are likely to be located along the length of nascent transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "C proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADR1 in extracts made from glucose - repressed and - derepressed cells bound UAS1 DNA with similar affinities despite having greatly different abilities to activate ADH2 gene expression in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ADH2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the outcome of the group having histologically normal biopsies with the group having nonspecifically abnormal ones it is concluded that frontal biopsy is not of such high prognostic value as has been claimed in previous reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , using wet weight / dry weight methodology , we found that administration of U74006F significantly reduced water content in the right hippocampus ( contralateral to the site of injury ) compared to saline - treated animals ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ready - made prosthesis is placed on the external side of the ribs vertically bridging the flailed chest segment , and fixed to the first upper and first lower intact rib as well as to the mobile segments of the affected ribs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors suggest that alprazolam may have enhanced specificity for a subpopulation of benzodiazepine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They showed moderate in vitro antifungal activity against a wide variety of fungi and yeasts including clinically important pathogens , and were highly effective in systemic infection with Candida albicans in mice after iv and im administrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central ( heart rate , VE , VO2 ) or local ( muscle and blood lactate , adenosine triphosphate , creatine phosphokinase , glycogen ) cues highlighted in these studies demonstrate both the complexity of effort perception , and the need for better understanding of the physiological components upon which it is based .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine phosphokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was tested on 7 rats with 48 - hr - old myocardial infarction and 4 sham - operated controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption and reconstruction : narrative insights into the experience of family members caring for a relative diagnosed with serious mental illness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription start sites of sal and salR genes were determined to lie 30 - and 24 - bp upstream of the respective initiation codons and separated from each other by 78 nucleotides .", "entity": [{"entity": "sal", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "salR genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - operativity of functional domains in the muscle - specific transcription factor Myf - 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle - specific transcription factor Myf - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Henry Quastler brought experience from an actual x - ray treatment , and Dr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hybridization was detected between polyadenylated H chain mRNA , isolated from the majority of the hybridomas , and the VH probe .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyadenylated H chain mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "VH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general concept of RARE - cleavage mapping as well as its applications and limitations are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "RARE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 4 ) Expression in different sites in the central nervous system is driven by separable elements widely dispersed throughout 8 kb 3 ' of the gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , an increase in lactate concentration of the magnitude observed during alkali therapy need not indicate a worsening of the metabolic picture in lactic acidosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The virus must progress past the immediate - early phase and express an early gene product ( s ) for activation of cyclin E expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "early gene product ( s )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 96]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The software is in BASIC adapted for the Hewlett - Packard calculators HP - 9845B and HP - 85A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genealogical analysis suggested mainly a mother - to - offspring transmission of this STLV - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced amino - acid sequence of the mature enzyme showed very low homology ( < 20 . 4 % identity ) to those of known pectinolytic enzymes in the large pectate lyase superfamily ( the polysaccharide lyase family 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pectate lyase superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 181]}, {"entity": "polysaccharide lyase family 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pineal hormone melatonin ( MLT ) is able to exert an oncostatic action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients commonly considered the external frame cumbersome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wound model for decubitus and leg ulcers consisting of human dermal fibroblasts in type I collagen dermal \" equivalent \" matrix ( DEM ) was exposed in vitro to electric fields similar to postulated endogenous fields in wounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "type I collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the effect on DNA replication , the L13V substitution in large T antigen did not prevent complex formation with Hsc70 and the Rb protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "large T antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "Hsc70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "Rb protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the tail deviated ipsilaterally in cats with a hemisection , and the tail was ventroflexed in cats with a transection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , several restriction length polymorphisms were identified and mapped within a 1 kb region located immediately upstream from the JH cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "JH cluster", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peak plasma ACTH responses were not significantly different between control and patient groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate inhibition of 2 - deoxyglucose uptake in isolated primary rat adipocytes and 3T3 - L1 adipocytes pretreated with U73122 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is likely that these recordings are incomplete ; the actual number of activated neurons is estimated to be about 300 in the acutely sensitized preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we describe the structure and DNA sequence of transcriptional control regions from both human and Wistar - rat single copy EGF genes and their functional analysis in epithelial cell cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "human and Wistar - rat single copy EGF genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along with these species , F . graminearum group 2 ( ZON , DON and / or 3AcDON or 15AcDON ) ; F . chlamydosporum ; F . acuminatum ( type - A trichothecene derivatives ) ; and F . semitectum were often found to be associated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . glabrata cells containing the CBF1 gene under the influence of a shutdown promoter ( tetO - ScHOP ) arrested their growth after 5 h of cultivation in the presence of the reactive drug doxycycline .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBF1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that muscle infarction in the IPC ( 24 + / - 2 % ) and preischemic LMK ( 21 + / - 2 % ) groups were smaller ( P < 0 . 05 ) than that in the control ( 42 + / - 2 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A characteristic feature is their tendency to form homo - and / or heterodimeric complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A female infant with isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium who developed ventricular tachyarrhythmia is described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methodological considerations limiting causal assertions permissible with nonexperimental data are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skytthe , and K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y1 , Y2 , and Y4 / PP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Y2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "Y4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "PP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S - phase - promoting cyclin - dependent kinases ( Cdks ) and the kinase Dbf4 - Cdc7 then act to initiate replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin - dependent kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "Cdks", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Dbf4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "Cdc7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cleft walls are lined with highly conserved residues and NADP is bound along one wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary conditions for acceptable hospital use were that exhaled - volume monitoring be performed for all patients and that O2 monitoring be performed both when setting FIO2 and continuously when FIO2 levels are critical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic mutation or loss of activin / transforming growth factor - beta ( TGFbeta ) receptor function has been shown in human lymphoid , breast , and colorectal tumors as well as Hep2B and Mv1Lu cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "activin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "transforming growth factor - beta ( TGFbeta ) receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - specific immunological abnormalities were detected in 8 of the 13 patients in whom they were looked for .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No cleavage of gp 130 was observed in analogous pulse - chase radiolabelling of Ad - gB - infected human fibroblasts , even though these cells are permissive for HCMV replication and can process the native gB molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "gp 130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "gB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "native gB molecule", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because levels of Vo2DIR and Vo2INDIR were similar in both groups , we pooled data from septic and control animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case comparison of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) in homosexual males with spindle - endothelial cell abnormalities and with recrudescent melioidosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess laboratory practice in the examination of blood films for malarial parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little honoured in his own country : statues in recognition of Edward Jenner MD FRS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that GRF1 and GRF2 can form homo - and hetero - oligomers via their DH domains , that mutational inactivation of oligomer formation by GRF1 is associated with impaired biological and signaling activities , and that in 293T cells GRF1 mediates at least two pathways for Raf activation : one a constitutive signal that is mainly Ras - dependent , and one an ionomycin - induced signal that cooperates with the constitutive signal without further augmenting the level of GTP - Ras .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "GRF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "DH domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "GRF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "GRF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [241, 245]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 284]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [339, 342]}, {"entity": "GTP - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [480, 489]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of these changes in relation to the control of phosphorus balance in ruminants is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results extend our knowledge of this SNF2 - like family member and suggest a role for PASG in leukemogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNF2 - like family member", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "PASG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of c - fos gene expression , c - Fos protein appears to be replaced by proteins of Fos family ( Fra - 1 ) and ATF family ( ATF - 2 and ATFa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - fos gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "c - Fos protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "Fos family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Fra - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "ATF family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "ATF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "ATFa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction obtained with DBM scores was further qualified by a three - way interaction that limited this pattern to participants scoring higher on self - deception .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which the Ras signaling pathway activates a cell - type - specific gene , we have used the pituitary - specific rat prolactin ( rPRL ) promoter as a target of oncogenic Ras and Raf in GH4 rat pituitary cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "pituitary - specific rat prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 165]}, {"entity": "rPRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "oncogenic Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 212]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that expression of proU in E . coli is directed from two promoters , one ( P2 ) characterized earlier by other workers with the start site of transcription 60 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon of the first structural gene ( proV ) , and the other ( P1 ) situated 250 nucleotides upstream of proV .", "entity": [{"entity": "proU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "proV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "proV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [323, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of CREB - binding protein ( CBP ) / p300 with TReP - 132 has an additive effect on promoter activity , and the proteins were demonstrated to interact physically .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREB - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "p300", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "TReP - 132", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty minutes after reperfusion , lung lymph flow ( QL ) increased from 4 . 3 to 8 . 3 ml / 30 minutes ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , lymph / plasma protein ratio was unchanged from 0 . 6 , and the lymph protein clearance increased from 2 . 6 to 4 . 6 ml / 30 minutes ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , data consistent with increased microvascular permeability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shift from complex I to complex II seen only in SCM - 1 - producer T cell lines upon activation was completely suppressed by cyclosporin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCM - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Database searches revealed a 50 - 63 % similarity and 34 - 42 % identity with several families of serine proteases , in particular the trypsin - like proteases , members of the glandular kallikrein family ( including prostate - specific antigen , nerve growth factor gamma , and epidermal growth factor - binding protein ) and the activators for the kringle family proteins ( including the human tissue plasminogen activator and human hepatocyte growth factor activator ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine proteases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "trypsin - like proteases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "glandular kallikrein family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 204]}, {"entity": "prostate - specific antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 244]}, {"entity": "nerve growth factor gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [247, 272]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [279, 320]}, {"entity": "kringle family proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [350, 373]}, {"entity": "human tissue plasminogen activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [390, 424]}, {"entity": "human hepatocyte growth factor activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [429, 469]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UPR elements present in other ER chaperone genes , such as yeast KAR2 ( BiP ) , mammalian GRP78 ( BiP ) , and GRP94 , function in an analogous manner to that in FKB2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast KAR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "BiP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "mammalian GRP78", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "BiP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "GRP94", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 115]}, {"entity": "FKB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No bafilomycin - sensitive ATPase is detected in a vacuolar fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinase domains encoded in the COOH - terminal moiety are 94 % conserved ; the NH2 - terminal moieties are approximately 65 % homologous , suggesting this region may encode sequences conferring differential regulation of the two kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this asymmetry , we suggested previously that GCN4 interacts with nonequivalent and possibly overlapping half - sites ( ATGAC and ATGAG ) that have different affinities .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCN4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential questions about hepatitis C", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DRAP27 is recognized by CD9 antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRAP27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "CD9 antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YACs selected from our contig will be the starting point for the cloning of the LGMD2B gene and thereby establish the biological basis for this form of muscular dystrophy and its relationship with the other limb - girdle muscular dystrophies .", "entity": [{"entity": "LGMD2B gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acceptability of home monitoring as an aid to conception .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starches had no effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dominant inhibitory biological activity of the N terminus correlated with its ability to impair EGF - dependent activation of GTP - Ras and of MAP kinase , as well with the ability of endogenous Sos to form a stable complex with activated EGF receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "GTP - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "Sos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "EGF receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [243, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tensile strengths of an adhesive luting resin ' Panavia EX ' to the bovine dentin decreased significantly by the zinc iontophoresis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Giessener Tumordokumentationssystem ( GTDS ) is such a disease specific system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , renal sympathetic activity was measured in a separate group of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 4 . 0 - kb Nlk message is also present during embryogenesis , detectable at day E10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nlk message", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 - HT3 antagonist ondansetron reduced alcohol intake in both the medium and high alcohol preferring rats at doses between 0 . 01 and 0 . 16 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , there was a statistically significant decrease of TEWL on both forearm and thigh in CS - treated patients compared to non - CS - treated patients and controls ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern hybridization of genomic DNA from WT and Lp / Lp embryos failed to identify specific rearrangements at or near the Nhlh1 locus , and Northern RNA blotting and RT - PCR evaluation of Nhlh1 mRNA expression indicated that both the levels and types of Nhlh1 mRNAs produced in WT and Lp / Lp embryos were indistinguishable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "Lp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "Nhlh1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Nhlh1 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "Nhlh1 mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [257, 268]}, {"entity": "Lp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [288, 290]}, {"entity": "Lp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [293, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations of the human PTEN gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human PTEN gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart rate during the behavioral avoidance test was shown to be as susceptible to experimental demand as other studies have shown approach behaviors to be influenced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we mapped a putative hnRNP A1 binding site in U5 RNA and demonstrated that p40CRS ( hnRNP A1 ) binding to that site correlates with CRS function .", "entity": [{"entity": "hnRNP A1 binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "U5 RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "p40CRS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "hnRNP A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "CRS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical experiments and genome sequencing have shown that , despite the prokaryotic cell and genome organization , basal transcriptional elements of members of the domain Archaea ( i . e . , TATA box - like sequences , RNA polymerase , and transcription factors TBP , TFIIB , and TFIIS ) are of the eukaryotic type .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 237]}, {"entity": "TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [266, 269]}, {"entity": "TFIIB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [272, 277]}, {"entity": "TFIIS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [284, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MGF is a novel member of the cytokine - regulated transcription factor gene family .", "entity": [{"entity": "MGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cytokine - regulated transcription factor gene family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One month after administration of 131I , the 29 cats evaluated were clinically improved , and 24 ( 83 % ) of the 29 cats evaluated had normal serum T4 concentrations , 3 cats ( 10 % ) remained hyperthyroxinemic , and 2 cats ( 7 % ) were hypothyroxinemic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Csk ( C - terminal Src kinase ) is a protein tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates Src family member C - terminal tails , resulting in downregulation of Src family members .", "entity": [{"entity": "Csk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "C - terminal Src kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 29]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 60]}, {"entity": "Src family member C - terminal tails", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 117]}, {"entity": "Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis of enoyl - ACP reductase mRNA steady - state levels during seed development suggests that the increase in enzyme activity during the phase of storage lipid accumulation is regulated at the level of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "enoyl - ACP reductase mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lung transplantation is warranted for stable , ventilator - dependent recipients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new myocyte - specific enhancer - binding factor that recognizes a conserved element associated with multiple muscle - specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocyte - specific enhancer - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnesium content in leukocytes could not be estimated because of interaction between the ion and the Percoll ( R ) media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The need for such guidelines is clear on both clinical and scientific grounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This activity creates a 4 - bp staggered cut with 3 ' OH overhangs within a specific sequence of the 21S rRNA gene of omega - strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "21S rRNA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herewith C . psittaci could be diagnosed in all positive samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ( MEN1 ) , a heritable predisposition to endocrine tumours in man , has recently been identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEN1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is it time for a wine trial ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously identified a highly conserved L - X - X - L - F sequence near the C terminus of the p6 domain of the Gag precursor as the major virion association motif for HIV - 1 Vpr .", "entity": [{"entity": "p6 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Gag precursor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "HIV - 1 Vpr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients treated with amphotericin B , single course as well as multiple courses , and other antifungal agents ( hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole ) have all relapsed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The site of acetylation of Tat was mapped to the double - lysine motif in a highly conserved region , ( 49 ) RKKRRQ ( 54 ) , of the basic RNA - binding motif of Tat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to Torpedo , where only a single transcript is seen , the mouse expresses several mRNAs encoding different isoforms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "trans - activation of the HIV - 1 LTR by the HIV - 1 Tat and HTLV - I Tax proteins is mediated by different cis - acting sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV - 1 LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "HIV - 1 Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "HTLV - I Tax proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSD1 contains a SET domain and multiple PHD fingers .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "SET domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 1 day , none of the labeled erythrocytes were detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latex products ( gloves , balloons , and condoms ) directly bound IgE from all four patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the RNA in T7 RNA polymerase is not free of steric interactions in the ternary complex and not available for structure formation until it is at least 10 bases away from the site of polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "T7 RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of infantile undernutrition on adult sucrose solution consumption in the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional activity of P - 450 ( 11 beta ) gene was studied with an in vitro transcription system using nuclear extracts prepared from bovine adrenal cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - 450 ( 11 beta ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis showed that the morning active ( MA ) individuals rose earlier and went to bed earlier than the evening active ( EA ) individuals , and the former had a longer sleep length than the latter during days with a morning shift , while the opposite was true for afternoon and night shifts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appl .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CHED protein includes the consensus ATP binding and phosphorylation domains characteristic of kinases , displays 34 - 42 % identically aligned amino acid residues with other cdc2 - related kinases , and is considerably longer at its amino and carboxyl termini .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHED protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "cdc2 - related kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include urinalysis , chest X - P , ECG , hematological examinations ( RBC , WBC , Ht , Hb , PLT and ESR ) and biochemical tests ( AST , ALT , ALP , gamma GTP , LDH , CPK , Chol , T - Bil , TP , Alb , TG , BUN , Cr , Glu , Na , K , Ca , P and CRP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "AST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 139]}, {"entity": "ALT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "ALP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "gamma GTP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "LDH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "CPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "Alb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 203]}, {"entity": "CRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We challenge each of 55 consecutive ragweed ( RW ) - allergic patients with hay fever and with graded increasing doses of ragweed extract to investigate the frequency and relationship between the early ( ER ) , late ( LPR ) , and rechallenge reactions ( RCRs ) to nasal challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasodilator and hypotensive effects of the optical isomers of nicardipine ( YC - 93 ) , a new Ca2 + - antagonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encoded protein contains an amino terminal PDZ domain , followed by a predicted coiled - coil region , a PEST domain , and a carboxy - terminal SAM domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 ' ends of the P and O gene mRNAs are separated by 109 nucleotide pairs in the DNA template .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "O gene mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those diagnosed as having affective disorder ( n = 96 ) , according to DSM - IIIR criteria , were compared with the other non - affective suicide attempters ( n = 161 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast inhibits sulfur dioxide - induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukotriene receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p63 sequence also features an acidic domain characteristic of transcriptional activation factors , as well as sequence blocks displaying limited similarity to positionally equivalent regions in sigma factors from eubacteria related to mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "p63 sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "sigma factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have thus cloned two yeast homologs of mammalian p220 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian p220", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phase II clinical trial on MDS was conducted in a cooperative study with orally administrable ara - C analogue , PLAC , which is resistant to cytidine deaminase and had shown an anti - tumor activity on various experimental tumors by oral route .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytidine deaminase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The arrangement of amino acids in the helix 1 and helix 2 regions is quite similar to those of Mxi and Mad , but different from those of E2F - 1 and DP - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mxi", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "Mad", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "E2F - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "DP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelets and RBCs from each animal were labeled with 51Cr and 99mTc , respectively , and were rapidly injected into the right atrium while blood was sampled from the ascending aorta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PDGF stimulated CDK2 activity in mesangial cells and decreased the level of p27 ( kip1 ) cyclin kinase inhibitor protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CDK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "kip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the induction of cytochrome P - 450 1A1 observed in the cormorant indicates that the Ah receptor - mediated process , by which TCDD and related chemicals exert many of their toxicities , has been activated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome P - 450 1A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "Ah receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In gel mobility shift assays , high binding activities of ATPC - 2 and low binding activities of CBF were observed with nuclear extracts from tissue with low AtpC expression levels , and the opposite was observed with extracts from tissues with high AtpC expression levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATPC - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "CBF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "AtpC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "AtpC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [250, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of bilateral testicular germ cell tumors in a 23 - year - old male is reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using green fluorescent protein fusions we demonstrate that the SYT , SSX and the SYT - SSX proteins are nuclear proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "green fluorescent protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "SYT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "SSX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "SYT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "SSX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the mutants are deficient in production of the O - antigen polymerase and were termed rfc mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - antigen polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 76]}, {"entity": "rfc mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program for myogenic differentiation is subject to negative control by several peptide growth factors and by the products of mutationally activated ras oncogenes , which persistently activate intracellular cascades normally triggered by specific growth factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ras oncogenes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p58 ( PITSLRE beta 1 ) protein kinase ( PK ) is a member of a large supergene family related to the master mitotic protein kinase , p34cdc2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p58", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "PITSLRE beta 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "master mitotic protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 133]}, {"entity": "p34cdc2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By a combination of alternative promoter usage and exon splicing , each ROR gene generates several isoforms that differ only in their amino terminus .", "entity": [{"entity": "ROR gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression pattern of LjEmx changed dramatically during embryogenesis ; expression was seen initially in the entire neural tube and mesoderm , which were secondarily downregulated , and secondarily in cranial nerve ganglia and in the craniofacial mesenchyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "LjEmx", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , antisense TGF - beta type II receptor oligodeoxynucleotides ( 40 microM ) resulted in a 58 % increase in branching , compared to scrambled and mismatched sequence controls , while TGF - beta , type II receptor mRNA and its protein expression levels were suppressed by 95 and 84 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "antisense TGF - beta type II receptor oligodeoxynucleotides ( 40 microM )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 85]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta , type II receptor mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this loss , YEpFAS1 is still able to complement a fas1 mutation at the enoyl reductase domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "YEpFAS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "fas1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "enoyl reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a site of PDGF - induced tyrosine phosphorylation was mapped to Tyr 138 in the SH3 domain ; Tyr 138 is exposed on the SH3 peptide binding surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "SH3 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "SH3 peptide binding surface", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that the 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - HT ) content in platelets was : ( 1 ) increased in the subgroup of anti - social alcoholics ; ( 2 ) transiently and differently altered in alcoholics compared to opiate addicts ; and ( 3 ) lowered in drinking alcoholics and normal in alcoholics who were drinking as well as smoking ( that may occur via MAO - B inhibition by smoke ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAO - B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [359, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we reported that SMRT also directly associates with LAZ3 ( BCL - 6 ) , a POZ / Zn finger transcriptional repressor involvedin the pathogenesis of non - Hodgkin lymphomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMRT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "LAZ3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "BCL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of activating transcription factor - 1 and the cAMP response element - binding protein by Ca2 + / calmodulin - dependent protein kinases type I , II , and IV .", "entity": [{"entity": "activating transcription factor - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 49]}, {"entity": "cAMP response element - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 97]}, {"entity": "Ca2 + / calmodulin - dependent protein kinases type I , II , and IV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , constitutive downregulation of expression of accessory molecules of the MHC class I pathway can reveal differences between H2 class I alleles in antigen presentation not encountered when the expression levels are augmented .", "entity": [{"entity": "MHC class I pathway", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "H2 class I alleles", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - sectional studies continue to dominate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G6620 is the 3 ' end of the MOL1 gene coding for a polypeptide similar to stress - inducible proteins from Fusarium ; G6630 is the NAT2 gene which encodes a methionine N - acetyltransferase ; G6635 is the RPL30B gene coding for the ribosomal protein L30 ; G6658 is RSR1 encoding a ras - related protein ; G6667 is CYS4 , the gene for cystathionine beta - synthase ; G6670 is identical to ORF2 located close to CYS4 ; G6673 is PEM1 / CHO2 encoding a phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase ; G7001 is the NSR1 gene coding for a nuclear signal recognition protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "G6620", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "MOL1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "G6630", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "NAT2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "methionine N - acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 189]}, {"entity": "G6635", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "RPL30B gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 216]}, {"entity": "ribosomal protein L30", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 253]}, {"entity": "G6658", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 261]}, {"entity": "RSR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [265, 269]}, {"entity": "ras - related protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 302]}, {"entity": "G6667", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [305, 310]}, {"entity": "CYS4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [314, 318]}, {"entity": "cystathionine beta - synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [334, 363]}, {"entity": "G6670", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [366, 371]}, {"entity": "CYS4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [410, 414]}, {"entity": "G6673", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [417, 422]}, {"entity": "PEM1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [426, 430]}, {"entity": "CHO2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [433, 437]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [449, 491]}, {"entity": "G7001", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [494, 499]}, {"entity": "NSR1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [507, 516]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tau v at rest was 4 . 06 + / - 2 . 16 s and decreased to 2 . 44 + / - 1 . 07 s ( P < 0 . 05 ) at 1 Hz and to 1 . 81 + / - 0 . 4 s at 5 Hz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This action could be antagonized by aminophylline , a competitive antagonist on P1 purinoceptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "P1 purinoceptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the predicted amino acid sequence of NPS1 , sequences homologous to the catalytic domain of protein kinases were found .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cDNA contains a reading frame for a 145 - amino - acid protein and it lacks the UGA codons , which have been found in the reading frame of the mouse MCS cDNA and have been presumed to encode the selenocysteine in the amino terminal of the deduced mouse amino acid sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse MCS cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It differed significantly by country ( from 2 . 4 % in the United Kingdom to 24 . 7 % in Portugal ) and by transmission category ( 2 . 7 % among homo / bisexuals , 5 . 8 % among injecting drug users , 13 . 6 % among heterosexual subgroup 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A definition of bias founded on the concept of the study base .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed differential activation of each parahippocampal region during verbal memory tasks in which the side activated shifted depending on the nature of the task employed ; an increase in rCBF in the left parahippocampal gyrus was associated with retrieval strategy of non - matching , and an increase in rCBF in the right parahippocampal gyrus was associated with retrieval strategy of matching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were co - infected simultaneously with IBV , the recombinant FPV ( rFPV ) containing the D - RNA sequence and a second rFPV expressing T7 RNA polymerase for the initial expression of the D - RNA transcript , subsequently rescued by helper IBV .", "entity": [{"entity": "T7 RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antigen dose - response curves were drawn , and the cumulative dose required for a 35 % reduction in specific airway conductance was calculated and designated Provocation Dose ( PD35 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of the two pharmacokinetic parameters , t1 / 2 and Cltp , as indices of drug elimination ability are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapid decrease of plasma potassium during the first two hours of standard HD causes a membrane hyperpolarization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more sustained effect of cyclofenil on prolactin secretion with a reduced frequency of relapse , and the lower oestradiol level , which might indicate a reduced risk of thromboembolism , suggest that this drug has some advantage over bromocriptine in the inhibition of postpartum lactation .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore prostaglandin E2 is characterized in relation to prostaglandin F2 - alpha not only by a stronger uterine effectiveness , but also at the same time a pronounced influence on the cardiovascular system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epithelial cell - specific activation is achieved by the cooperative interaction of apparently ubiquitous transcriptional factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This set of genetic and physical interactions suggests a role for yeast RNA - binding proteins in transcriptional regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In group 1 , mean z - score for GFR was - 0 . 27 ( 94 . 6 % of normal ) and in group 2 mean z - score was - 1 . 51 ( 72 . 7 % of normal for two kidneys ) ( P = 0 . 022 , Mann - Whitney U - test ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new B - cell - specific enhancer element has been identified 3 ' of E4 and the octamerlike motifs in the human immunoglobulin heavy - chain gene enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "E4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "human immunoglobulin heavy - chain gene enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutants retained the parental ability to participate in intergeneric coaggregation with human oral actinomyces , indicating the specificity of the mutation in altering intrageneric coaggregations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically induced undulations and their competition with electrically induced convection in cholesteric liquid crystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical review of general results", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A visibly distinct muscular hypertrophy ( mh ) , commonly known as double muscling , occurs with high frequency in the Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle breeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LS gene promoter sequence has homology with Escherichia coli promoter sequences ; its terminator sequence is capable of forming a stem - and - loop structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "LS gene promoter sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent binding constant of 6 to calf thymus DNA is 1 . 68 X 10 ( 5 ) M - 1 whereas netropsin under similar conditions gives a value of 1 . 85 X 10 ( 7 ) M - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "netropsin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computed tomographic ( CT ) findings of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were studied with the combined method of early enhancement CT and high dose enhancement CT in 72 carcinomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern hybridization analysis of BenR and BenS transformants suggested that plasmid integration occurred most frequently at the chromosomal bens locus , however evidence for gene conversion and heterologous recombination was also observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "BenR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "BenS transformants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "bens locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant mouse GSTT1 - 1 was catalytically active towards 1 , 2 - epoxy - 3 - ( p - nitrophenoxy ) propane , 4 - nitrobenzyl chloride and dichloromethane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant mouse GSTT1 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of overlap in VFI , EF , and RVF values among the clinical groups was considerable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pituitary GH3 cells , vitamin D increases the levels of PRL transcripts and stimulates the PRL promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "PRL promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neonatal masculinization affects maternal behavior sensitivity in female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) Phase II Trial randomized 3 , 339 patients to either an invasive ( INV , n = 1 , 681 ) or a conservative ( CON , n = 1 , 658 ) strategy after intravenous recombinant tissue - type plasminogen activator ( rt - PA ) for acute myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant tissue - type plasminogen activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 252]}, {"entity": "rt - PA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present investigation was undertaken to elucidate what pharmacokinetic parameters in animal experiment could be of more predictable for human clinical trial of beta - blocking agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of Smads with lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 / T cell - specific factor mediates cooperative signaling by the transforming growth factor - beta and wnt pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smads", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 60]}, {"entity": "T cell - specific factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 87]}, {"entity": "transforming growth factor - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 159]}, {"entity": "wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the univariate models of either fixed or time dependent covariates , many variables were significantly associated with risk of progression to AIDS ( T4 cell count , T4 / T8 ratio , blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin , concanavalin A , and pokeweed mitogen , serum IgA , appearance of p24 antigen , and the development of oral hairy leukoplakia , thrush , or herpes zoster ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytohemagglutinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 227]}, {"entity": "concanavalin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [230, 244]}, {"entity": "pokeweed mitogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [251, 267]}, {"entity": "serum IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [270, 279]}, {"entity": "p24 antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [296, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , when mated males built nests in the absence of young , T levels were higher than in all other conditions , though only for early broods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : At short dwell times , uncorrected ( whole plasma ) D / P and Cp of urea values were higher than the corrected ( plasma water ) values by 5 . 7 % - 5 . 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are some cows that fail to produce adequate 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D at the onset of lactation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AmyI specific 3 ' - UTR is characterized by the absence of IR sequences and the presence of a putative ' AATAAA ' polyadenylation signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "AmyI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Off - shell effect in Rydberg - atom - alkali - metal - atom scattering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the mechanisms by which two different types of photonic radiation , short wavelength UV ( UV - C ) and gamma radiation , activate transcription factor NF - kappaB .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the biochemical mechanism of Tax1 transactivation , we have developed an in vitro transactivation assay in which wild - type Tax1 is able to specifically transactivate a polymerase II promoter through upstream Tax1 - responsive elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "Tax1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "Tax1 - responsive elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atf1 + gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a bZIP transcription factor with strong homology to the mammalian factor ATF - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "atf1 + gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 44]}, {"entity": "bZIP transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "mammalian factor ATF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotransfection experiments revealed that both hGATA - 4 and PMA / A23187 stimulation are necessary for the IL - 5 promoter activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hGATA - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "IL - 5 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality rates were not different ( chi2 : 0 . 0298 , p > 0 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M . , Apps , D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cox proportional hazard analysis identified dialysis modality and pre - dialysis UV of less than 1 , 000 ml / m2 per 24 h as the only significant risk factors for UV survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of the 25 - kDa chain of the alpha subunit was found in a cDNA clone , and the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA establishes the complete amino acid sequence of the 25 - kDa chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group ( GITSG ) protocol GI - 7175 randomized 227 patients between 1975 and 1980 following complete surgical resection of stages B2 and C rectal adenocarcinoma to four treatment arms : ( 1 ) no adjuvant therapy , ( 2 ) chemotherapy only , ( 3 ) radiotherapy only , and ( 4 ) radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( combined modality ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples ( 1 g ) were extracted with 0 . 5 % potassium chloride ( KCl ) in 70 % methanol ( 5 ml ) and diluted subsequently to give two - fold to ten - fold step - wise dilutions in phosphate - buffered saline containing 0 . 05 % Tween 20 and 0 . 2 % bovine serum albumin ( PBS - T BSA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bovine serum albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [249, 269]}, {"entity": "BSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [280, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 4 , 916 children were examined and the questionnaire satisfactorily completed by a relative or guardian ( usually the mother ) of 4 , 651 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using community development approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell lines expressing single amino acid substitutions of the carboxyl - terminal asparagine of CD2 are incapable of avidity regulation by TCR signaling , PMA treatment , or elevation of intracellular cAMP levels , demonstrating that each of these stimuli utilizes a common structural element for regulating CD2 avidity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "CD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iomazenil - SPECT revealed a highly significant increase in the benzodiazepine receptor uptake in all studied cortical regions except temporal cortices .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that PGE1 is effective in increasing PVF in the liver transplanted condition ; however , the hepatic circulatory improvement attributed to this agent would be limited to the first few days following transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in a variation of this assay in which the protease is omitted , the mutant enzymes exhibited substantial levels of prolyl isomerase activity ( 5 - 20 % of wild - type ) , revealing that these mutations confer sensitivity to protease digestion and that the classic in vitro assay for prolyl isomerase activity may be misleading .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolyl isomerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "prolyl isomerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [293, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WEB2 gene encodes a 1 , 522 - amino - acid protein with homology to nucleic acid - dependent ATPases .", "entity": [{"entity": "WEB2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "nucleic acid - dependent ATPases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "V - ErbB - mediated complex formation and transformation have been shown to occur independently of Ras activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "V - ErbB - mediated complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three OAS genes are flanked by markers WI - 10614 ( cen ) and D12S2293 ( tel ) and are contained within three sets of overlapping cosmid clones .", "entity": [{"entity": "OAS genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "markers WI - 10614", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "cen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "D12S2293", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "tel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 ' - Deletion of the Stat - binding sites abolished all promoter - reporter activity in response to PRL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat - binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the height of the agar column overlying the SN fabric diminished the inhibitory effect of SN on microbial growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , differential utilization of these determinants mediate RAR - RXR heterodimer binding to DR - 2 and DR - 5 RAREs .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , as a GAL - 4 chimera , the isolated LAZ3 / BCL6 BTB / POZ domain appears nearly as efficient as the entire protein at inducing transcriptional repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL - 4 chimera", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "LAZ3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "BCL6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "BTB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When expressed in Escherichia coli , SH - PTP2 displays tyrosine - specific phosphatase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH - PTP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "tyrosine - specific phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is hypothesized this occurs through antagonism of PML / RAR alpha actions in these leukemic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "RAR alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main new features of this version are that end - tidal PO2 instead of inspiratory PO2 can be kept constant , and that the correcting activity of both controllers ( capnostat and oxystat ) is proportional to the magnitude of the difference between the actual and the adjusted end - tidal PCO2 or PO2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fli - 1 is a proto - oncogene which is rearranged in tumors induced by three different retroviruses , Cas - Br - E , F - MuLV , and 10A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fli - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Routine imaging modalities revealed a total of 79 metastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cervical CT revealed an irregular low density at the periphery of the cervical vertebra from the C2 to C4 level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase ( DMPK ) is a member of a novel class of multidomain protein kinases that regulate cell size and shape in a variety of organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 39]}, {"entity": "DMPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MAP kinase kinase kinase MLK2 co - localizes with activated JNK along microtubules and associates with kinesin superfamily motor KIF3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP kinase kinase kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "MLK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "kinesin superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 126]}, {"entity": "KIF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequential immunoprecipitation showed all detectable p53 to be of the PAb246 + class in each LPV - transformed cell line , suggesting that the stable p53 was indeed wild type .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "PAb246 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , transcriptional fusions were constructed between the xcpP and xcpR genes and the lacZ reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "xcpP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "xcpR genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "lacZ reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased platelet - derived growth factor production and intimal thickening during healing of Dacron grafts in a canine model .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet - derived growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the NES mutant proteins appeared to have altered interactions with the splicing complex , binding more tightly to SC35 in co - immunoprecipitation assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "NES mutant proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "SC35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of these studies indicate that EHV - 1 gp13 is the structural homolog of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C and further suggest that the epitope - containing N - terminal amino acid sequences of the herpesvirus gC - like glycoproteins have undergone more extensive evolutionary divergence than the C - terminal sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "EHV - 1 gp13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 120]}, {"entity": "herpesvirus gC - like glycoproteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , a cDNA ( GT2 ) encoding this protein was isolated from a mouse 3T3 - L1 adipocyte library and was sequenced .", "entity": [{"entity": "GT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By RT - PCR , different levels of E75 expression can be detected in the epidermis , nerve cord and the eyestalk of early pre - molt shrimp .", "entity": [{"entity": "E75", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS : 33 HIV - infected , zidovudine - experienced patients with serum HIV RNA levels of at least 20 , 000 copies / mL and CD4 counts ranging from 50 to 400 cells / mm3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential biological significance of the identified structural motif shared by the human CCR5 , CCR3 , CCR2B and other GPCRs is discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CCR5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "CCR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "CCR2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "GPCRs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials are presented of a comparative study of morphological and cultural properties and virulence of liophylized cultures of Leishmania tropica major after their rehydration or after a long passage on the NNN medium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosomal location of these YACs was verified using FISH , which also demonstrated their nonchimeric nature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no indication from these experiments that linker histones bind fundamentally differently to 5 S and bulk nucleosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "linker histones", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "5 S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas chromatographic analysis of headspace samples of alkalinized vaginal discharges indicated the presence of trimethylamine in all 11 samples with the fishy odor but not in the other samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the step of spliceosome assembly at which Snu17p acts , we have used nondenaturing gel electrophoresis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Snu17p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription start site was identified by primer extension analysis and over 800 bp of 5 ' flanking DNA was sequenced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To evaluate the effect of adding a pulsating bristle action to the established oscillating / rotating action of the Braun Oral - B Ultra Plaque Remover ( D9 ) on plaque removal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , postmitotic neurons possessed extremely low levels of E2F1 protein as assessed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blotting .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2F1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high degree of sequence conservation together with the ability to direct nucleolar protein transport supports the hypothesis that MAK16 proteins play a key role in the biogenesis of 60S subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAK16 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "60S subunits", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NO2 pollution on major trunk roads frequently exceeded British and European Union air quality standards , while particle pollution was lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human RFC - 1 gene differs from the mouse and hamster genes both in terms of the total number of exons and in regard to alternatives of exon 1 which encode 5 ' end heterogeneity .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFC - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer analysis , simple correlation hypothesis , and distribution method with 1 degree of freedom revealed significant correlation between vertical root fracture and the technique of instrumentation and obturation of the canal ( p = 0 . 025 ) , the length of the post ( p = 0 . 05 ) , and the existence of the post ( p = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CrkII and CrkL constitutively formed complex with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G , in unstimulated as well as PDGF - stimulated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CrkII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "CrkL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "guanine nucleotide exchange factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 88]}, {"entity": "C3G", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmid subclones of recombinant phage lambda Asm152 were able to complement both Escherichia coli gltB and A . sesbaniae Asm - Vi mutants ; NADPH - glutamate synthase activity was detected in all such strains complemented to Asm + .", "entity": [{"entity": "Escherichia coli gltB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 103]}, {"entity": "NADPH - glutamate synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any respectative material ( class 0 ) was not obtained from 334 patients ( 4 . 2 % ) , class I - II findings belonged to 6m141 patients ( 76 . 7 % ) , 950 patients ( 11 . 9 % ) were classified as class HII and IV , 578 patients ( 7 . 2 % ) as class V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DSIP was found to significantly increase slow - waves ( delta sleep ) in the sleep EEG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YDL003w ( also termed MCD1 ) is a homologue of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad21 , an essential gene implicated in DNA double - strand break repair and nuclear organization in fission yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "YDL003w", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "MCD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oral movements which did occur in the HAL - treated rats were slower than normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recombinant L / F - transferase is as active as the previously purified wild type enzyme and contains no detectable RNA component .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant L / F - transferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AST activity in PMNs was significantly low , approximately 2 % of that observed in HPLFs .", "entity": [{"entity": "AST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two courses of chemotherapy ( CBCDA + VDS ) failed to gain any improvement , and the pain resulting from recurrent bone metastases was managed mainly by the administration of the best supportive care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraspinal and mediastinal foregut cyst compressing the spinal cord .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The H5 mutants were : DH5 ( all amino acids in D configuration ) and H5F ( where all His are replaced by Phe at positions 3 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 21 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "H5 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "DH5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "H5F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , infection of IFN - pretreated HeLa S3 cells with an E3L - deficient VV ( VVDeltaE3L ) resulted in increased phosphorylation levels of both PKR and eIF2alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "eIF2alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human sequence contains the element TGACTCT that also is found in a murine ras - responsive enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine ras - responsive enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GAGA factor is known to remodel the chromatin structure in concert with nucleosome - remodeling factor NURF in a Drosophila embryonic S150 extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAGA factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "nucleosome - remodeling factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 102]}, {"entity": "NURF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the camC gene along with 155 base pairs of 5 ' and 175 base pairs of 3 ' flanking sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "camC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 30 weeks of amifostine therapy , the morphology of the MDS switched to a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ( CMML ) - like appearance , with continuously increasing leukocytes , so that we discontinued amifostine therapy for 1 month to exclude a possible side effect of amifostine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A gene with a high degree of sequence identity with mammalian ADP - ribosylation factors ( ARFs ) , believed to be important in vesicular transport , was identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian ADP - ribosylation factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 88]}, {"entity": "ARFs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theophylline QID , TID , BID and now QD ? A report on 24 - hour dosing with slow - release theophylline formulations with emphasis on analyses of data used to obtain Food and Drug Administration approval for Theo - 24 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We anticipated SNS function after CVA to be asymmetric and selected null hypotheses of bilaterally symmetric SSR latencies and amplitudes irrespective of side of stimulation and / or recording .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results demonstrate that the BSMV coat protein is the sole translation product of the genomic RNA beta , whereas sgRNA beta 1 serves as a messenger for translation of the beta b protein , and sgRNA beta 2 functions as a messenger for translation of beta c and beta d and the newly discovered beta d ' protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "BSMV coat protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "genomic RNA beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 125]}, {"entity": "sgRNA beta 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "beta b protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 208]}, {"entity": "sgRNA beta 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "beta c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [272, 278]}, {"entity": "beta d", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [283, 289]}, {"entity": "beta d ' protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [315, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without a team , there is little hope for fetal survival ; mortality will be 80 - 100 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the search for genetic and acquired susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacteria is also a search for susceptibility factors for MTB as well as an opportunity to recognize endogenous pathways that can be exploited therapeutically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gene is divided into six exons spanning about 3kb , and encodes a 175 amino acid protein with 40 - 52 % identity with the other five mouse Reg ( regenerating gene product ) proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse Reg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "regenerating gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RNA , whether antisense , ribozyme , or RNA aptamer , must be efficiently transcribed , stabilized against rapid degradation , folded correctly , and directed to the part of the cell where it can be most effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interconversions between haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in schizophrenic patients and guinea pigs : a steady - state study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEAP was significantly higher in IDC patients compared to controls ( 48 . 7 + / - 32 . 6 vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent infections , episodic lymphopenia and impaired cellular immunity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilirubin and red cell metabolism in relation to neonatal jaundice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we describe a patient with renal cell carcinoma who experienced ventricular tachycardia while undergoing treatment with high - dose bolus IL - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the cloning of the ade1 gene on a 4 . 4 kb Sau3A insert in the yeast shuttle vector pWH5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ade1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "4 . 4 kb Sau3A insert", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that secretion of chitinolytic enzymes by cultured L . major parasites is inhibited by blood or hemoglobin , and hence these enzymes are apparently absent from the blood - fed infected flies , where the cardiac valve appears undamaged .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral hypoglycemic agents", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and characterization of a yeast gene encoding the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle B \" protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle B \" protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The false positive fraction ( FPF ) decreased significantly if the count density increased ; no difference in FPF was found for a change in lesion tracer concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the CRE - binding protein ( CREB ) / activating transcription factor transcription family as well as members of the Jun / Fos family have been shown to bind to this sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRE - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "activating transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 79]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nature of the thermopower in bipolar semiconductors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of SNURF in cultured mammalian cells enhanced not only androgen , glucocorticoid , and progesterone receptor - dependent transactivation but also basal transcription from steroid - regulated promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNURF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "progesterone receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - range mapping by pulse - field gel electrophoresis indicated that the three mdr genes are closely linked on a genomic DNA segment of approximately 625 kilobases .", "entity": [{"entity": "mdr genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral basal body temperature ( BBT ) recordings of 46 women that conceived by donor insemination and who had midcycle monitoring of luteinising hormone ( LH ) were analysed to establish features associated with an optimal cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "luteinising hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 150]}, {"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the start of the performance ride , plasma glucose averaged 4 . 2 + / - 0 . 2 , 5 . 2 + / - 0 . 1 , and 5 . 7 + / - 0 . 2 mmol . l - 1 in CON , CHO - 7 , and CHO - 0 / 21 , respectively ( all different , P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adhesion was inhibited by mAbs against the COOH - terminus and central cell binding domains of fibronectin , as well as by the corresponding CS1 and RGD peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "CS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "RGD peptides", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usher syndrome 1C ( USH1C ) is a congenital condition manifesting profound hearing loss , the absence of vestibular function , and eventual retinal degeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have determined the complete cDNA sequence of rat plectin from a number of well - characterized overlapping lambda gt11 clones .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat plectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minute virus of mice NS1 , an 83 - kDa mainly nuclear phosphoprotein , is the only viral nonstructural protein required in all cell types and it is involved in multiple processes necessary for virus propagation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minute virus of mice NS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these findings we suggest that the acceptor peptide binds the transferase in a beta - like conformation and that penultimate residue side chain steric interactions may play a role in determining extent that a given Ser or Thr is glycosylated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A higher median proportion of spirochaetes was observed in sites after diagnosis of loss of attachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional and digital radiography of the heart , aorta , and pulmonary vascularity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright 1998 Academic Press .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although cDNA encoding a human phagocyte formyl peptide - binding protein has been reported recently ( Boulay , F . , Tardif , M . , Brouchon , L . , and Vignais , P .", "entity": [{"entity": "human phagocyte formyl peptide - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the PVB therapy is not sufficient to cure the cases with choriocarcinoma element or bulky metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A spatial counting approach in which the location of each and every PN and NP in the stratum pyramidale of sectors CA1 - 4 was applied to 11 normal control ( CONs ) and 10 SZs matched for age and postmortem interval , as well as 4 manic depressive ( MD ) subjects matched for age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No effect of 4 beta - phorbol 12 - myristate 13 - acetate was observed on the expression of hnRNP H .", "entity": [{"entity": "hnRNP H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For large breasts ( > 70 mm ) the use of X - ray sets such as the IGE DMR , which automatically select the beam quality for each breast , resulted in lower doses compared with sets using manual tube potential selection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , ste12Delta cells differ from cells with disruptions of the upstream signaling elements ( e . g . , ste4Delta , ste20Delta , ste5Delta , ste11Delta , ste7Delta , or fus3Delta kss1Delta cells ) in that they clearly retain some capacity for inducing Ste3p phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ste12Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "ste4Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "ste20Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "ste5Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "ste11Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "ste7Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "fus3Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "kss1Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "Ste3p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Valpha and Vbeta domains have the canonical features of known teleost and mammalian TCR V domains , including conserved residues in the beginning of FR2 and at the end of FR3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "Vbeta domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "teleost and mammalian TCR V domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 101]}, {"entity": "FR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "FR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asthma diagnoses were made according to recommended National Asthma Expert Panel Guidelines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atpA reading frame ends with four tandem UGA codons which overlap four tandem AUG codons initiating an unidentified reading frame , orf214 .", "entity": [{"entity": "atpA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion mutagenesis of the promoter indicated that a positive regulatory element ( PRE ) was likely to exist downstream of the UL94 mRNA start site , while a negative regulatory element ( NRE ) was present upstream of the TATA box .", "entity": [{"entity": "UL94 mRNA start site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ERp60 - like protein from the filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has both transglutaminase and protein disulfide isomerase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ERp60 - like protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fos / Jun bound to an unacetylated nucleosome with only a 4 - to 5 - fold reduction in DNA binding affinity compared with naked DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pediatric patients - - handle with care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of myocardial ischemia in the coronary sinus study was significantly correlated to the coronary diameters of the proximal and middle segments of the Ramus interventricularis anterior and the middle segment of the Ramus circumflexus ( r = 0 . 87 , p < 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S1 nuclease analysis of the RNA from a number of QT6 - LD clones gave similar results , indicating that the LD population was composed of viruses with similar but not identical deletion endpoints .", "entity": [{"entity": "S1 nuclease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of ocular / adnexal SCC was significantly greater for all hair colors when compared with bay , brown , or black ( P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZNS , in the mmolar range , scavenged hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murine ELAM - 1 is encoded by a single - copy gene , spanning about 13 kb , which is structurally organized into 14 exons and 13 introns ; very similar to that of its human counterpart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Murine ELAM - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three more slower migrating Stat5B bands observed in response to GH contain phosphorylated tyrosyl residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat5B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protection levels of 33 . 3 % , 36 . 6 % and 37 . 0 % were achieved in groups which had received , respectively , 1000 20 - krad cercariae , 1000 10 - krad cercariae , 2000 40 - krad cercariae and 2000 60 - krad cercariae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1st week of treatment all subjects received either mianserin 30 mg or clomipramine 75 mg once daily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EMBO ( Eur .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When stratifying FLM values < 34 and > 34 wks ' gestation , again no difference was found in mean difference of L / S and LB before and after 34 wks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are there any lessons to be learnt ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other five from within the SRO may provide an entrance point for the cloning of candidate genes for neuroblastoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three distinct human HDACs are homologous to RPD3 , a yeast transcriptional regulator .", "entity": [{"entity": "human HDACs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "RPD3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The longest cDNA insert identified was 2 . 2 kb and encoded the entire 462 - amino acid open reading frame of rat CgA including an 18 - amino acid hydrophobic signal peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat CgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vaccine was at least 80 % efficacious against Chlamydia and Campylobacter spp and appeared to be protective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RPC31 gene encoding the C31 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase C ( III ) has been isolated , starting from a C - terminal fragment cloned on a lambda gt11 library .", "entity": [{"entity": "RPC31 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "C31 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase C ( III )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor discharge as a function of dynamic force versus dynamic displacement of glabrous skin of raccoon and squirrel monkey hand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this investigation was to determine whether BMIPP uptake can be used to differentiate viable myocardium from scar tissue soon after coronary thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same slice was imaged three times each with sequences using spatial presaturation or not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IRIS / GAS DNA also formed a number of specific complexes with constitutively expressed factors , none of which were affected by the above Abs .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRIS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "GAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Making sense out of oxygen sensor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recovery rates of energy level and intracellular pH during stimulation at 100Hz were greater than those observed during stimulation at 30Hz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Zn - 15 DNA - binding domain comprises three zinc fingers separated by unusually long linker sequences that would be expected to interrupt specific DNA site recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn - 15 DNA - binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data obtained included 1 ) the mean frequency of abnormal teased myelinated fibers and its upper limit value of 95 % confidence interval , and 2 ) the mean densities of total , large and small myelinated fibers and of unmyelinated fibers and their lower limit value of 95 % confidence interval for each decade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yield of endocervical cells and the incidence of dysplasia was determined for both the prenatal and the postpartum Pap smears performed for this group of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others as for example C - 11 labeled short chain fatty acids are on the horizon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the BR - C early gene directly activates late gene transcription by interacting with late gene cis - acting regulatory elements and that this interaction is responsible for the temporal linkage of early and late ecdysone - induced gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "BR - C early gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "late gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "late gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous heart stress raised log circulating NE concentration in proportion to the rise in heart rate at a given work load so that the usual relationship between these variables , previously observed during other stresses , was preserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the hypothesis that PEH is associated with reductions in TPR and sympathetic nerve activity ( SNA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A short conserved motif is required for repressor domain function in the myeloid - specific transcription factor CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein epsilon .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein epsilon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified fER exhibited a distribution constant ( KD ) for 17 beta - estradiol of 0 . 45 nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "fER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , strains in which both of the two most highly related genes , DdPIK1 and DdPIK2 , were disrupted showed both growth and developmental defects , while double knockouts of DdPIK1 and DdPIK3 and DdPIK2 and DdPIK3 appear to be lethal .", "entity": [{"entity": "DdPIK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "DdPIK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "DdPIK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "DdPIK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "DdPIK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "DdPIK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exon sequences determined from genomic DNA sequencing showed some differences when compared to the published rat GLUT2 cDNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat GLUT2 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "48 . 35 + / - 5 . 07 mg / l in R3 ; p < 0 . 05 ) and in the AUC ( 0 . 50 h ) ( 1429 . 92 + / - 284 . 23 in PR vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This integration results in the production of MMTV / mdr3 fusion transcripts that originate from the antisense 5 ' LTR of the provirus .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMTV / mdr3 fusion transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 76]}, {"entity": "5 ' LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This surface in specimens from unfertilized eggs is almost flat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following 40 min \" ischemia \" , preparations treated with PC recovered from transmural conduction block more rapidly ( PC1 group , 4 min , P less than 0 . 05 ; PC2 group , 23 min , ns ) , compared to control . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are discussed in the context of a model of the myogenic lineage that is based on the expression of desmin .", "entity": [{"entity": "desmin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a DEAD box ATPase / RNA helicase protein of Arabidopsis thaliana .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEAD box ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "RNA helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The host range ( HR ) of poliovirus is thought to be primarily determined by a cell surface molecule that functions as poliovirus receptor ( PVR ) , since it has been shown that transgenic mice are made poliovirus sensitive by introducing the human PVR gene into the genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "poliovirus receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 138]}, {"entity": "PVR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "human PVR gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [243, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , the authors used measured weight for 1 , 259 white women aged 65 - 74 years from the Epidemiologic Follow - up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the effect of overweight on coronary heart disease incidence ( mean length of follow - up , 14 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the reciprocal effects of Gab1 and Gab2 in mediating Elk - 1 induction , these two molecules have a similar function in extracellular signal - regulated kinase activation induced by either oncogenic Ras or growth factor stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gab1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "Gab2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "Elk - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "extracellular signal - regulated kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 174]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were able to demonstrate a significant statistical interaction effect between gender and globulin protein concentration on Vu ( p = 0 . 022 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "globulin protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NS - 2 isoforms were resolved at a pI value close to 5 . 5 as three groups of unevenly phosphorylated polypeptides , each composed of at least two protein species .", "entity": [{"entity": "NS - 2 isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of isobarin on electrocardiographic indices in hypertensive disease", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The column densities of frozen molecular hydrogen and methanol are inferred to be about 2 . 5 x 10 ( 18 ) and 3 . 0 x 10 ( 19 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAAG sites that serve as functional late promoters in OpMNPV were found to mediate transcription initiation at only basal levels in the context of the AcMNPV genome , suggesting that late promoter activation may be virus specific within the family Baculoviridae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxyl globular domain was found to be encoded by six exons which appear to delineate its structural subdomains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 3 of the 5 patients with AVNRT and AJR , junctional beats served as a trigger for reentry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fus3p and Kss1p together increase the expression of CLN3 and PCL2 genes that promote budding , and Kss1p inhibits the MAP kinase cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fus3p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Kss1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "CLN3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "PCL2 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "Kss1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement of the spectral sensitivity and the ERG can thus help in the diagnosis of these three hereditary diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On both indocyanine green video and fluorescein angiography , hypofluorescent lesions were almost the same size as the light yellow area and the dark yellow center of a placoid lesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other similar patients must be found before it is established that the colloid cyst is part of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of C / EBP alpha altered the cell specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dominant - negative mutations in the G - protein - coupled alpha - factor receptor map to the extracellular ends of the transmembrane segments .", "entity": [{"entity": "G - protein - coupled alpha - factor receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possibility of using gynecologic nurses in the independently administered health centers", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet count and plasma volume were significantly higher in group A than in group B throughout pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complexity of some of the reports of VACURG studies has led some to believe that this group was opposed to estrogens , but that is not true .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increase is not the result of alterations in the deposition of inhaled particles of capsaicin brought about by volume restriction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits IFN - gamma transcriptional responses without inhibiting activation of STAT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "STAT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pituitary thyrotropic adenoma associated with congenital hypothyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upstream of the afa - 3 gene cluster , a 1 . 2 - kb region was found to be 96 % identical to the RepFIB sequence of one of the enterotoxigenic E . coli plasmids ( P307 ) , suggesting a common ancestor plasmid .", "entity": [{"entity": "afa - 3 gene cluster", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "RepFIB sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maintenance metabolizable - energy ( ME ) requirement averaged 31 . 0 kcal / kg body wt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon - alpha inducibility of IFI16 may be regulated by an interferon - alpha / beta - stimulated response consensus element in the 5 ' UT exon , as a similar motif is conserved in the corresponding position in the related myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen gene . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "Interferon - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "IFI16", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "interferon - alpha / beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 89]}, {"entity": "myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary end points included creatine kinase peak , ventricular fibrillation / tachycardia within the first 24 hours , death and congestive heart failure within the 30 - day follow - up , and 30 - day left ventricular ejection fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the population of patients with melanoma levels III and IV significant differences in survival rate were associated with thickness ( less than 2 mm or greater than or equal to 2 mm ; p less than 0 , 001 ) , though not with level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the sck1 gene , cloned as a high copy number suppressor of a mutation in git3 , is able to suppress the defects conferred by a mutation in any of these git genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "sck1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "git3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "git genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of reviewers and editors to the scientific work of the authors", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons of defective HTLV - I proviruses predict the mode of origin and coding potential of internally deleted genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When proper controls were used , the psychophysical data and computer simulation gave remarkably comparable results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of these in vitro studies may be relevant to the pathogenesis of alveolitis in organic dust - induced lung diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the in vivo attachment strength of the CSTi - 2 coating was comparable both to CSTi - 1 and to an HA - coated control after 8 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphoprotein pUL69 of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) , which is a herpesvirus of considerable medical importance in immunosuppressed patients and newborns , has previously been identified as an early - late viral protein that can stimulate several viral and cellular promoters and thus exerts a rather broad activation pattern .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoprotein pUL69", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "early - late viral protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of acute exposure to cold on pulmonary arterial blood pressure in awake rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNase protection analysis reveals a 10 - fold increase in the expression of SCD2 mRNA during 3T3 - L1 preadipocyte differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "SCD2 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous fracture of the tarsal bone in 2 cases of leprosy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CERIP interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "CERIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response sequences were localized between - 67 and + 30 in the simian cytomegalovirus IE94 promoter and upstream of position + 9 in the HCMV IE68 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "IE94 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "HCMV IE68 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of Scmh1 and rae28 / mph1 is well correlated in most tissues of embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scmh1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "rae28", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "mph1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that it might be possible to augment IN function in vivo through a heterologous domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "IN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retinoic acid , which inhibits the progression of certain cancers , repressed v - src - induced MMP - 1 transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "MMP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Untransformed 3T3 cells carry abundant 1 . 9 kb Hox 1 . 3 RNA , whereas the methylcholanthrene - transformed MB66 and LTK - cells or 3T3 cells transformed by the oncogenes src , fos or SV40 T antigen express only low levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hox 1 . 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "SV40 T antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it is also established that serine phosphorylation of STAT5a transactivation domain , via the MAPK pathway , is a means of modifying GH - induced transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT5a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of gravid Rhesus isoimmunization", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of medical efficiency by integration indicators with the rational utilization of budgeted funds", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We infer that RecA - mediated cleavage of UmuD is another role for RecA in SOS mutagenesis , probably activating UmuD for its mutagenic function .", "entity": [{"entity": "RecA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "UmuD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "RecA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "UmuD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood pressure was controlled long term ( with / without diuretics / beta - adrenoreceptor blocking drugs ) in sixteen out of nineteen patients with mild - moderate hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - adrenoreceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Autocapture devices ( Pacesetter Microny SR + / - and Regency SR + / - ; Pacesetter , Solna , Sweden ) and steroid - eluting epicardial pacing leads ( Medtronic CapSure Epi 10366 ; Medtronic , Inc , Minneapolis , MN ) were implanted in 14 children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be another example of the principle - - less is more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted amino - acid sequence includes an N - terminal signal sequence of 27 amino acids , a 27 amino - acid pro - region , a 251 amino - acid catalytic domain typical of a serine protease with trypsin - like specificity , and a C - terminal hydrophobic extension which is predicted to function as a membrane anchor .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine protease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 194]}, {"entity": "trypsin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of negative pi mesons on mouse bone marrow cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenotypic and molecular analyses of patients with partial chromosome 21 monosomy enabled us to define a region , spanning 2 . 4 Mb between D21S190 and D21S226 , associated with arthrogryposis , mental retardation , hypertonia , and several facial anomalies .", "entity": [{"entity": "D21S190", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "D21S226", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relation between circulating immune complexes and serum ferritin in hemosiderosis of different etiologies", "entity": [{"entity": "serum ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The zinc finger protein A20 is a tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - and interleukin 1 ( IL - 1 ) - inducible protein that negatively regulates nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappaB ) - dependent gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc finger protein A20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "TNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "interleukin 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "IL - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatments were two adrenocorticotrophin ( ACTH ) preparations given intramuscularly at 2 . 2 U / kg , one of the ACTH preparations given intramuscularly at 1 U / kg and a synthetic polypeptide with ACTH - like activity ( tetracosactrin , cosyntropin ) given intravenously at 5 micrograms / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenocorticotrophin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 40]}, {"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "ACTH - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deviation site is equivalent to the exon 1 / exon 2 splice site of the mouse C - subunit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liver - specific sequence contains unique consensus sites for phosphorylation by cyclic AMP - dependent protein kinase and by protein kinase C .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic AMP - dependent protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 122]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizure recurrence ( HR 1 . 30 ; 95 % CI = 0 . 84 , 2 . 01 ) and antiepileptic drug treatment ( HR 0 . 97 ; 95 % CI = 0 . 67 , 1 . 38 ) did not influence mortality rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients whose PSA levels reached 0 . 1 ng . / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ( 0 0 2 ) diffraction of the synthesized HAp crystals on a Col fiber showed an around 60 arching angle , while that on a ChS fiber showed just around 10 degrees .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fas ( APO - 1 / CD95 ) , which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily , is a cell surface receptor that induces apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "APO - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "CD95", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soft independent modelling of class analogy ( SIMCA ) is applied to identify near - infrared ( NIR ) spectra of ten excipients used in the pharmaceutical industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations of SIN4 , ROX3 , SRB8 , SRB9 , SRB10 , SRB11 , and two novel genes , NUT1 and NUT2 , relieve the requirement of Swi4p for expression of this reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIN4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "ROX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "SRB8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "SRB9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "SRB10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "SRB11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "NUT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "NUT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "Swi4p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IB2 gene ( HGMW - approved symbol MAPK8IP2 ) maps to human chromosome 22q13 and contains 10 coding exons .", "entity": [{"entity": "IB2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "MAPK8IP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implantation is contraindicated for severe dysplasia of the cochlea and for the recently described variety of x - linked deafness with deficient bone at the fundus of the internal auditory meatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RsmA - mutant , like its parent , produces N - ( 3 - oxohexanoyl ) - L - homoserine lactone ( HSL ) , a starvation / cell density - sensing signal required for extracellular enzyme production .", "entity": [{"entity": "RsmA - mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 101st annual meeting of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other end of this cluster contained the human type I cytokeratin K20 and K12 gene loci .", "entity": [{"entity": "human type I cytokeratin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 68]}, {"entity": "K20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "K12 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients in which these criteria were not met only the reproducibility of the VO2 obtained in both the P - MET and the C - MET indicated that the maximal VO2 for these 4 patients had been reached .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of the pT181 plasmid , inactivation of the initiator RepC protein occurs by the attachment of an oligonucleotide to its active tyrosine residue .", "entity": [{"entity": "initiator RepC protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found multiple transcription start sites located within a 15 - base pair region , 205 base pairs upstream of the translation start codon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of either Sp1 or phosphorylated CREB transactivated the mCgA promoter dose dependently , while coexpression of both transcription factors resulted in an additive mCgA promoter response . mCgA - 92 to - 64 bp , comprising the Sp1 / Egr - 1 site and the CRE motif , conferred gastrin responsiveness to a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter system , and therefore functions as a \" true \" enhancer element .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "phosphorylated CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "mCgA promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "mCgA promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 190]}, {"entity": "mCgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 243]}, {"entity": "Egr - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 253]}, {"entity": "gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [289, 296]}, {"entity": "heterologous thymidine kinase promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [317, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alfalfa phosphorus release kinetics showed high bacterial phosphorus contamination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ORCA3 regulates jasmonate - responsive expression of the Str gene via direct interaction with the JERE .", "entity": [{"entity": "ORCA3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Str gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PC12 cultures that had been \" primed \" in this way showed an accelerated and augmented differentiation response to nerve growth factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerve growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pseudotumor form of pulmonary nocardia infection ( Nocardia nova ) in a renal transplant patient", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deoxyuridine - suppression test and bone marrow culture for the diagnosis of macrocytic refractory anaemias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A computerized database of veterans discharged from the military after 1967 was selected as the source because it contains about 50 % of the total Vietnam era veteran population , is reasonably unbiased , and provides a feasible method for identifying twins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report that Nim1 possesses intrinsic serine - kinase , threonine - kinase and tyrosine - kinase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nim1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "serine - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "threonine - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "tyrosine - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutation was associated with reduced or absent expression of TGF - beta RI protein and p53 protein in tumor tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGF - beta RI protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "p53 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keys can be used for identifying species from the European part of the USSR and north - eastern Kazakhstan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time between tests ( usually less than one year ) did not affect the correlations , but MMPI response - set variables ( L , F , K , F - K ) did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning and sequence analysis of a chymotrypsinlike protease from Treponema denticola .", "entity": [{"entity": "chymotrypsinlike protease from Treponema", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To initiate our analysis of factors required for eIF - 2 alpha expression , selected a CAP - proximal element shown by in vivo methylation protection analysis to bind a potential regulatory factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "eIF - 2 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isoproterenol infusion was adjusted so that heart rate ( HR ) was at least 30 beats / min greater than baseline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of monaural middle ear destruction on postnatal development of mouse inferior colliculus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specificity and sensitivity of this method ( limit of detection in plasma 0 . 025 micrograms / mL and < or = 0 . 0125 micrograms / mL for febantel and its metabolites , respectively ) were sufficiently high to enable us to characterize the time course of the drug in the plasma after oral administration of therapeutic doses to sheep .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : A seven - wavelength frequency - domain photon migration probe was used to perform noninvasive NIR measurements in the breasts of 28 healthy women , both pre - and postmenopausal , aged 18 - 64 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug therapy of AAPMC is directed at reducing the amount of Cl . difficile in the colon and promoting normalization of intestinal flora .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study demonstrate that release of a single pulley after repair of the tendons in this area improved gliding excursions of the tendons and reduced resistance to motion of the repaired tendons , and provide support for partial A2 pulley incision after repair of the tendons in the area of the pulley .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ick protein tyrosine kinase is not involved in antibody - mediated CD4 ( CDR3 - loop ) signal transduction that inhibits HIV - 1 transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ick", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "CDR3 - loop", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is targeted to peroxisomes when expressed in mammalian cells and yeast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether or not these novel repeated sequences throughout the SMA region are involved in the disease remains to be determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMA region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All except the last two interventions are physical treatments that create a wound - tissue environment conducive to healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with our observation that AP - 1 binding does not contribute to c - Jun coactivation is the observation that the activation of PU . 1 by c - Jun is blocked by overexpression of c - Fos .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "c - Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a series of papers , the staging system for melanoma was critically analyzed , and many shortcomings were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional initiation site of RAG1 was localized at A , 26 bp upstream of the putative translational initiation codon , ATG , by the primer extension assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAG1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of products expressed from these chimeric cDNAs in COS cells were assessed by activity assay and by metabolic labeling of the proteins followed by immunoprecipitation and SDS - PAGE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leucine zipper region of ATF proteins is also similar to that of the AP - 1 / c - jun family of transcription factors , whose DNA - binding site differs from the ATF - binding site at a single position .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATF proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "c - jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody showed that many yeast proteins , including the p34CDC28 kinase , became phosphorylated at tyrosine in cells expressing v - src .", "entity": [{"entity": "p34CDC28 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "v - src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22 - Veneto Region )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential transcription of plastome - encoded genes in the mesophyll and bundle - sheath chloroplasts of the monocotyledonous NADP - malic enzyme - type C4 plants maize and Sorghum .", "entity": [{"entity": "malic enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : We postulated that perhexiline , a novel anti - ischaemic agent with an oxygen - sparing metabolic effect in the myocardium ( via inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase - 1 ) and no adverse haemodynamic effects , may improve symptomatic status in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnitine palmitoyltransferase - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmentally - regulated interaction of a transcription factor complex containing CDP / cut with the early histone H3 gene promoter of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger is associated with changes in chromatin structure and gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "cut", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "early histone H3 gene promoter of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this group of patients , the mean LH ( 9 . 3 + / - 5 . 9 IU / l ) and sex - hormone binding globulin ( SHBG ) ( 54 . 5 + / - 22 . 9 nmol / l ) concentrations were significantly greater than those of five normal control subjects ( 4 . 7 + / - 1 . 11 IU / l and 26 . 0 + / - 7 . 0 nmol / l respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "sex - hormone binding globulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 103]}, {"entity": "SHBG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IRA2 , a second gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein with a domain homologous to mammalian ras GTPase - activating protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRA2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ras GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrin stimulates transcription of the human histidine decarboxylase ( HDC ) gene through binding to the G - protein - coupled cholecystokinin - B / gastrin receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "human histidine decarboxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 69]}, {"entity": "HDC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "G - protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "cholecystokinin - B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 147]}, {"entity": "gastrin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS - - The maximal early asthmatic response after allergen with placebo treatment was 18 . 4 % ( SE 4 . 4 % ) and with WEB 2086 18 . 9 % ( 4 . 4 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 ' region of the transcript contained a fully conserved , correctly spliced TCR alpha C region which was polyadenylated at the 3 ' end .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR alpha C region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural organization of the human Elk1 gene and its processed pseudogene Elk2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Elk1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "pseudogene Elk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : hepatic hydatidosis : 177 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prematurely inactivating p42 MAPK in egg extracts resulted in a corresponding hastening of the first mitosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "p42 MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anxiogenic effects of pentagastrin in patients with social phobia and healthy controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic expression of broad - complex isoforms mediates temporal control of an ecdysteroid target gene at the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "broad - complex isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a putative chromosomal replication origin from Helicobacter pylori and its interaction with the initiator protein DnaA .", "entity": [{"entity": "initiator protein DnaA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was 91 % concordance between ST - RD / RI / LRD 201Tl and R - ST / N + Inf 99Tcm - tetrofosmin imaging regarding reversibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sub - inhibitory and post - antibiotic effects of spiramycin and erythromycin on Staphylococcus aureus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There remains the physiological problem - - one which has always been foremost in Moruzzi ' s thinking about the intrinsic regulation of brain activity - - of how the separate actions of the different arousal systems are brought together into a functional whole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the variation in the carbohydrate content of human milk is very small , a more simple alternative approach would be to include only an average carbohydrate value for an estimate of energy content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that biliary secretion of both TBZ and FBZ and their metabolites may contribute to this recycling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperlipemia has been recently described in children with migraine , being suggested that this alteration is in the base of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : A thorough understanding of malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( MFH ) , the most common subtype of soft tissue sarcoma , will lead to improved histologic - specific protocols .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proteins encoded by these genes , called GF14 proteins , participate in protein / DNA complexes and show more than 60 % identity with a highly conserved , widely distributed protein family , collectively referred to as 14 - 3 - 3 proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "GF14 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "14 - 3 - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 64 uncomplicated Type - 2 diabetic individuals of higher middle class to rich socio - economic status were studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using yeast two - hybrid screening , we isolated histone H3 as an interacting factor of CIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "histone H3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "CIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated total serum calcium to a level of 11 . 9 + / - 0 . 2 mg / dl ( p less than 0 . 001 compared to control group ) developed in the gentamicin / 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2 vitamin D3 group on day 4 , 2 days prior to pronounced structural damage , and continued to be elevated through day 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the role of this domain in the incorporation of the SIV Env into virions , we generated a series of SIV Env mutants carrying small in - frame deletions within the cytoplasmic domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIV Env", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "SIV Env mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozone uptake was assessed in awake , spontaneously breathing Fischer - 344 Sprague - Dawley , and Long - Evans rats and Hartley guinea pigs to provide data on the dosimetry of O3 in small laboratory animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of steroid resistant rejection following renal transplantation : benefits and risks of OKT3 therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "OKT3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : University research laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the 3rd day after ischemia of the remained kidney for 30 min , structural components of the walls of the glomerular arterioles and those of the filtration - reabsorption barrier undergo certain ultrastructural changes , that with time elapsed ( 7 , 14 days ) gradually pass away , and amount of cells with hypertrophic processes increases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - finger - coding modules conserved among members of subfamilies of zinc finger genes have been described in the murine genome ( finger - associated boxes , or FAX domain ) and the human genome ( Kruppel - associated boxes , or KRAB domain ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc finger genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Kruppel - associated boxes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 226]}, {"entity": "KRAB domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of C / EBPs to all three spi 2 . 3 3 ' UTR repressor sites , although rather weak , was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays that otherwise failed to reveal specific interactions with other liver nuclear proteins in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBPs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "spi 2 . 3 3 ' UTR repressor sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly identified NF kappa B enhancer ( TGGAAATTCC ) is bound by a TNF alpha - induced nuclear protein and appears to be the key element in rapid transcription induction by TNF alpha ( and TPA ) , while transactivation of this element is repressed by the ligand - bound glucocorticoid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "TNF alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "glucocorticoid receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [273, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the fact that biochemical estimates of bone turnover indicate that ( short - term ) administration of rhGH and IGF - I stimulates bone metabolism in non - osteoporotic older people , no significant changes have been observed in bone mineral density at the proximal femur .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhGH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "IGF - I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parental and vector - transfected MCF7 cells , which were sensitive to the growth - inhibitory effects of atRA , exhibited atRA - dependent retinoic acid receptor ( RAR ) transactivation and transrepression of 12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate - induced AP - 1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoic acid receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 162]}, {"entity": "RAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [265, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan increased significantly ( P less than 0 . 05 ) after treatment with bacterial extracts , whereas no significant changes were observed in the fMLP - stimulated PMNs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the two - hybrid screening method , we have identified an additional component of the CCAAT - binding factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies suggest that the helicase assembly protein is responsible for loading T4 gene 41 helicase specifically at replication forks , and that its binding sites for each arm must hold more than six , but not more than 12 nucleotides .", "entity": [{"entity": "helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "T4 gene 41 helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results strongly suggest that HSV - 1 infection inhibits host cell splicing through the action of ICP27 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICP27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our initial studies , we treated MCF - 7 cells with paclitaxel , which results in the arrest of cells in G1 with 4n DNA content ( pseudo G1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A GTP / GDP exchange assay was used to assess the potential role of Ras in the pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation ; DADLE failed to stimulate GTP / GDP exchange in comparison to PMA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary structures of the human KB cell ( FR - KB1 ) folate receptor ( FR ) and of a human placental ( FR - P2 ) FR , proteins important in cellular accumulation of folates , have been deduced from cDNA sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "human KB cell ( FR - KB1 ) folate receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 72]}, {"entity": "FR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "human placental ( FR - P2 ) FR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible or definite neglect or abuse before 36 months of age was correlated with low DBH activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining 77 nucleotides at the 3 ' end of domain II and all of domains III ( 655 nucleotides ) and IV ( 770 nucleotides ) are not present in DIssE RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIssE RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in tension were monitored isometrically on spiral strips of freshly obtained bovine basilar arteries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preparative regimen consisted of fractionated total body irradiation ( TBI ) and cyclophosphamide ( CY ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of protozoa were studied in two groups of rumen - fistulated cattle fed on a basal diet of molasses ad lib . , with oaten chaff given at 6 or 18 g / kg live weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the large pocket of Rb binding to TAF ( II ) 250 , the large pocket domains of both p107 and p130 are able to bind to TAF ( II ) 250 in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "TAF ( II ) 250", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "p107", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "p130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "TAF ( II ) 250", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with Eales ' disease , chorioretinitis , central serous retinopathy , or malignant choroidal melanoma were tested for HLA antigen deviation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the derived amino acid sequence with that of the HCMV UL99 gene product reveals 34 . 8 % identity in an overlap of 66 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCMV UL99 gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "White female cases were more likely to have worked as registered nurses than were the controls ( OR = 1 . 9 , 95 % CI = 1 . 0 - 3 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fentanyl citrate ( 0 . 1 mL ) and 2H5 - fentanyl ( internal standard , 0 . 05 mL , 100 mg / L ) were extracted with Toxi - A tubes ( Toxi - Lab , Irvine , CA ) and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O5257 shows homology with the SAS2 protein and another hypothetical protein from yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "O5257", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "SAS2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotransfection of expression plasmids encoding the protein kinase A inhibitor , or an inactive protein kinase A ( PKA ) catalytic beta subunit , inhibited both forskolin and PACAP activation of chromogranin A transcription , revealing that PACAP - induced trans - activation is highly dependent on PKA .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "PACAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "chromogranin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 208]}, {"entity": "PACAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 245]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [298, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of all YASR syndromes , the highest stability was for the Anxious / Depressed scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in serum albumin and transferrin levels , but serum prealbumin levels in the group fed early were more desirable than those of the control group ( from 15 . 8 + / - 2 . 5 mg / dl to 28 . 9 + / - 3 . 8 mg / dl vs from 18 . 0 + / - 2 . 0 mg / dl to 25 . 9 + / - 3 . 9 mg / dl ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "transferrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "serum prealbumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The introduction gives also the history of Research Programme MZ - XVII and its implementation in several regions of Poland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uap100 cis - acting , up - promoter , constitutive mutation is a duplication that comprises two GATA sites and suppresses weakly the AREA zinc finger mutation but does not alleviate the need for functional UAY and AREA proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "uap100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "AREA zinc finger mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 162]}, {"entity": "UAY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 213]}, {"entity": "AREA proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [218, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences were observed in the composition of nuclear transcription factors bound to cis - elements within the LDH / C proximal promoter region in somatic versus germ cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDH / C proximal promoter region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that although the G3 sequence contains two protein - binding motifs , the organization of the G3 enhancer - like element is not bipartite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With BCPP protocol , 12 achieved a complete response , 11 evidenced a 75 % response , and 7 displayed a 50 % response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of tilmicosin administration in the feed at 400 mg / kg and an injection therapy of clinically diseased pigs with long - acting oxytetracycline ( Terramycine LA ) at 20 mg / kg bodyweight were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 7 men and 1 woman who died suddenly the functionally important areas of myocardium in the sino - auricular area and the subendocardial layers of left ventricle were obtained by necropsy no more than 3 h after death , and then prepared for study by electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , a single base change in the fifth position of the c - fos sequence ( GGTCTnnnAGACC to GGTCA / GnnnAGACC ) produced an element that bound the estrogen receptor and conferred estrogen - dependent transcriptional activation of a reporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - fos sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A preterm formula with a traditional corn oil / MCT blend containing 38 % MCTs ( MCT group ) was compared to a new fat blend , designed to resemble human milk more , containing 6 % MCTs ( LCT group ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of a TFIIIB assembly pathway leading to the faithful transcription of natural eukaryotic tRNA genes in the absence of TFIIIC provides novel insights into the functional flexibility of the eukaryotic tRNA gene transcription machinery and on its evolution from an ancestral RNA polymerase III system relying on upstream , TATA - centered control elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIIIB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "TFIIIC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [286, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of N - terminal mutations disturbs mitosis and produces elongated cells , Using a PCR approach , we isolated a putative homologue of Prp4 from human and mouse cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prp4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successive 5 ' deletions of the [ - 326 ; + 20 ] type II sPLA2 promoter indicated that the region upstream of position - 195 inhibits the transcription activity sixfold in HepG2 cells but not in HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "type II sPLA2 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyridostigmine pretreatment was supplemented by therapy with two doses of an antidotal combination ( A , TM , B ) consisting of 0 . 05 mg / kg atropine , 2 . 24 mg / kg TMB - 4 , and 0 . 4 mg / kg benactyzine which assured survival in five of six animals following three separate exposures to 10 LD50 soman .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I protection analyses revealed that FP I was bound by the transcription factor PU . 1 / Spi - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "FP I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Spi - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the noncoordinate effects of FSK on PMA - stimulated MKK and MAPK activities indicates the presence of a additional distal cAMP - dependent inhibitory mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "FSK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "MKK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motilin serum levels were measured for one hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Motilin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameters of sperm quality were evaluated before and after freezing / thawing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comment on \" Critical behavior of a binary mixture of protein and salt water \"", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the functional significance of this element and the 3 ' minus - strand terminal sequence \" 3 ' - OH - CCCUAU , \" which contains the minus - strand 3 ' - end sequence \" 3 ' - OH - CC ( 1 - 2 ) ( A / U ) ( A / U ) ( A / U ) \" found in all carmovirus RNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a nuclear deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor - 1 ( DEAF - 1 ) - related ( NUDR ) transcriptional regulator protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 74]}, {"entity": "DEAF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "NUDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac lesion in exotoxic shock", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of family visits on the blood pressure and heart rate of patients in the coronary - care unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospects of chemosterilant and genetic control of rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurological toxicity occurred in 8 / 219 patients treated with fludarabine ( FAMP ) , 30 mg / m2 per day and cytosine arabinoside ( Ara - C ) , 0 . 5 g / m2 per hour for 2 - 6 hours for 5 days , for new or relapsed acute leukemia or myelodysplasia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ondansetron is thus an effective first - line antiemetic in children undergoing chemotherapy , radiotherapy and surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel caused a rapid and transient increase in c - Jun NH2 - terminal kinase ( JNK ) activity , a proposed mediator of stress activation pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Jun NH2 - terminal kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 81]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspirin therapy in the rheumatic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - level expression of sccypB as well as of sccypA cloned into the expression vector pIJ702 did not produce detectable changes in growth and morphology of S . chrysomallus and S . lividans .", "entity": [{"entity": "sccypB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "sccypA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reasons are presented to support the contention that this increase is in part real .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the Hox genes egl - 5 and mab - 5 is reduced in lin - 49 and lin - 59 mutants , suggesting lin - 49 and lin - 59 regulate HOM - C gene expression in C . elegans as the trx - G genes do in Drosophila . lin - 49 and lin - 59 transgenes are expressed widely throughout C . elegans animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hox genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "egl - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "mab - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "lin - 49", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "lin - 59 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "lin - 49", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "lin - 59", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "HOM - C gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "trx - G genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "lin - 49", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [215, 223]}, {"entity": "lin - 59 transgenes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cotransfection assays , a small fragment of Sin retaining the Src - SH3 - binding site and one tyrosine - containing motif induced c - Src activation as measured by a transcriptional reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "c - Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TFIIB and VDR can also interact directly , and these factors synergize to mediate transactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIIB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , 269 mice from a ( Mus spretus x C57BL / 6J ) F1 x C57BL / 6J interspecific backcross were also used to order marker loci and calculate intergene distances for this region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that AIF may be a morphologic correlate of tumor regression following preoperative cytotoxic chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypocalcemia is usually due to either a disturbance in the parathyroid hormone - adenylate cyclase system or a disturbance in vitamin D metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "parathyroid hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "adenylate cyclase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system consists of a TV unit compatible to IBM PC / AT and software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly hatched F1 nymphs of Aiolopus thalassinus ( Fabr . ) were fed on food treated with various concentrations of HgCl2 , CdCl2 , and PbCl2 until the end of adult life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced concentrations of antithrombin III , plasminogen , ( free ) protein S , and protein C were found in some patients but were not associated with either thrombosis or lupus anticoagulant .", "entity": [{"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "plasminogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "protein S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "protein C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UICC criteria ) for VM and 35 % for VE ( not significant ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simvastatin decreased levels of total cholesterol by 20 . 8 % , LDL cholesterol by 29 . 7 % , triglycerides by 13 . 6 % , apolipoprotein B by 22 . 4 % , alpha - tocopherol by 16 . 2 % , beta - carotene by 19 . 5 % , and ubiquinol - 10 by 22 . 0 % ( P < . 001 for all ) and increased levels of HDL cholesterol by 7 . 0 % ( P < . 001 ) and serum insulin by 13 . 2 % ( P = . 005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDL cholesterol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "apolipoprotein B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 138]}, {"entity": "HDL cholesterol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [293, 308]}, {"entity": "serum insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [338, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasonography is a diagnostic alternative which may replace arthrography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis with GPR37 probes revealed a main 3 . 8 - kb mRNA and a less abundant 8 - kb mRNA , both expressed in human brain tissues , particularly in corpus callosum , medulla , putamen , and caudate nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "GPR37", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF - alpha effect was eliminated by a 2 - bp substitution mutation in the NF - kappa B1 binding half site of the NF - kappa B cis element .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B1 binding half site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 106]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B cis element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three RasV12 mutants ( S35 , G37 , and C40 ) which differ by their ability to bind to Ras effectors ( Raf , Ral - GEFs , and the p110 subunit of PI 3 - kinase , respectively ) were able to induce sustained NR cell proliferation , although none of these mutants was reported to transform NIH 3T3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "RasV12 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "S35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "G37", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "C40", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "Ras effectors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "Ral - GEFs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "p110 subunit of PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible correlation between mandibular growth retardation and palatal clefting is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total cross sections for electron scattering by CO2 molecules in the energy range 400 - 5000 eV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , depending upon the promoter context , we observed cooperative interactions between the two domains to confer high DNA - binding affinity and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : A total of 26 IDDM patients with normoalbuminuria were randomized into two groups , with one group receiving placebo ( n = 13 , age 36 + / - 3 years , BMI 24 . 5 + / - 1 . 1 kg / m2 ) and the other group receiving an average of 15 mg lisinopril daily ( n = 13 , age 34 + / - 2 years , BMI 24 . 4 + / - 0 . 9 kg / m2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This experience would recommend consideration of home nutritional support in patients with systemic scleroderma when the disease is relatively stable and no major organ failure is present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult - onset parkinsonism has appeared in several previously unaffected members in families with DRD suggesting that this may be an additional phenotypical expression of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production of VT was also examined retrospectively in 32 E . coli strains of serotype O26 : H11 isolated from children with diarrhoea ; eight ( 25 % ) of them produced moderate to high levels of verotoxin 1 despite several years storage in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "verotoxin 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study deals with the screening of 11 of these plants against the opportunistic pathogen fungus Candida albicans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tam A gene of Aspergillus nidulans encodes a 739 - amino acid protein with similarity to Uga35p / Dal81p / DurLp of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "tam A gene of Aspergillus nidulans", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 38]}, {"entity": "Uga35p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Dal81p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "DurLp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 ' - flanking region of the gene , approximately 1 . 1 kbp long , had no known regulatory elements for transcription such as TATA , GC , and CCAAT boxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Molteno implant is an effective procedure in the treatment of complicated and refractory cases of glaucoma in high - risk eyes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of the three groups were submitted to two different levels of hypoxia ( FiO2 = 0 . 05 , group F5 and FiO2 = 0 . 1 , group F10 ) and the third to normoxia ( FiO2 = 0 . 21 , group F21 ) in a thermoneutral and controlled environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione reductase ( GR ) was purified from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotype - phenotype correlations in male patients with a partial nullisomy of the X chromosome have suggested that at least one locus involved in MRX is on Xp22 . 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , NE transport and antagonist ( [ 125I ] RTI - 55 ) binding assays on whole LLC - NET cells treated with tunicamycin reveal a pronounced reduction in NE transport activity and hNET membrane density paralleled by an inability of NET proteins to replenish the higher M ( r ) hNET pool .", "entity": [{"entity": "hNET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "NET proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 258]}, {"entity": "hNET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [291, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now completed the primary structure of fibrillin , elucidated the exon / intron organization of the gene and derived a physical map of the genetic locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrillin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced amino acid sequence of PutR ( 154 amino acid residues ) showed homology to the small regulatory proteins Lrp , BkdR , and AsnC .", "entity": [{"entity": "PutR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "Lrp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "BkdR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "AsnC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - kappaB only partially mediates Epstein - Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activation of B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Epstein - Barr virus latent membrane protein 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , stem - loop structures 2 , 3 , and 4 of the 3 ' domain showed great variations in size , sequence , and structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas Sprague - Dawleys displayed lights - off and lights - on peaks of ingestive activity , only a minority of Fisher - 344s displayed a consistent lights - on peak of ingestive activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mammalian UPR is mediated by the cis - acting ER stress response element consisting of 19 nt ( CCAATN ( 9 ) CCACG ) , the CCACG part of which is considered to provide specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of dietary lipids on whole - body retention and organ distribution of organic and inorganic mercury in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This region shows 46 % identity with the calmodulin - binding region of rat brain Ca2 + / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II and 32 % identity with the equivalent region of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "calmodulin - binding region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 68]}, {"entity": "rat brain Ca2 + / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 130]}, {"entity": "chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1H and 15N magnetic resonance assignments , secondary structure , and tertiary fold of Escherichia coli DnaJ ( 1 - 78 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Escherichia coli DnaJ ( 1 - 78 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of inoculum size , medium , temperature , and duration of growth on the in vitro susceptibility testing of Aspergillus fumigatus were investigated using broth micro - and macro - dilution techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dynamic nature may be relevant to the ability of E47 both to homodimerize and to heterodimerize with MyoD , Id , and Tal1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "E47", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "MyoD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "Id", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "Tal1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified clones of Chlamydomonas genomic DNA that rescued the Ca ( 2 + ) - dependent axonemal microtubule severing defect of fa1 mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "fa1 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY SELECTION : Not applicable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence and deletion analysis of the recombination enhancement gene ( ref ) of bacteriophage P1 : evidence for promoter - operator and attenuator - antiterminator control .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombination enhancement gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 68]}, {"entity": "ref", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral protein U ( Vpu ) is a protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV - 1 ) that promotes the degradation of the virus receptor , CD4 , and enhances the release of virus particles from cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viral protein U", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Vpu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There also may be osmotic challenges to mucosal cell function as evidenced by the different reaction rates with hyper - and hypotonic saline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall objective response rate ( RR ) was 50 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 29 - 71 % ] including four complete responses and eight partial responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of the variability of DD95 with regard to body weight , the recovery of neuromuscular transmission in the patients of the three groups is comparable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SH3A competes with the SH3 domains of Grb2 in binding to mSos1 , and the intersectin - mSos1 complex can be separated from Grb2 by sucrose gradient centrifugation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "SH3 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "Grb2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "mSos1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "intersectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "mSos1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "Grb2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both oligonucleotide cross - competition and antibody supershift experiments established that the double - strand binding protein is equivalent to Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major transcription start site , designated as + 1 , was determined by RACE ( rapid amplification of cDNA ends ) analysis of human liver cDNA and was found to be located 50 bp upstream from the translation start site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kerstin takes the abbreviated medical education .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epithelial cells had abnormal and accelerated exfoliation which resulted in multifocal epithelial defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influenza virus - induced NF - kappaB - dependent gene expression is mediated by overexpression of viral proteins and involves oxidative radicals and activation of IkappaB kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB - dependent gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 54]}, {"entity": "IkappaB kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Xenopus annexin II heavy chain lacks the highly conserved tyrosine at position 23 which is the site of src oncogene tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in the murine protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xenopus annexin II heavy chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "src oncogene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This demonstrates a relative independence of the given synchronizer of rhythmicity at a tissue level from any influence of the higher regulatory center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of the proteins UPRF - 1 and UPRF - 2 ( which is apparently a proteolytic degradation product of UPRF - 1 ) bind inefficiently to mutant versions of the UPR that are unable to confer responsiveness to unfolded proteins to the ( CYC1 ) promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "UPRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "UPRF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "UPRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "CYC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since nearly all transformants involving homeologous DNAs carried a single recombinant plasmid in both Pms + and Pms - strains , stable heteroduplex DNA appears less likely than for homologous DNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pms +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "Pms -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western and immunocytochemical analysis implied that PREB accumulates specifically in GH3 cell nuclei .", "entity": [{"entity": "PREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary arteries were found in the biopsy tissue of 30 ( 76 % ) of the 39 patients who formed the study group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotransfection of a junB stimulated the basal activity of the alpha 2 ( I ) collagen promoter 93 - fold , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "junB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "alpha 2 ( I ) collagen promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extraordinary high substrate specificity of rPulA together with its thermal stability makes this enzyme a good candidate for biotechnological applications in the starch - processing industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "rPulA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An atypical form of juvenile myasthenia gravis associated with severe emaciation , muscle atrophy , ophthalmoplegia , bulbar signs and joint contracture", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anesthesia was induced by droperidol 0 . 2 mg . kg - 1 , fentanyl 50 micrograms , thiamylal 150 - 250 mg , and succinylcholine 1 mg . kg - 1 , and maintained with nitrous oxide and O2 ( 67 : 33 ) supplemented with repeated i . v . doses of fentanyl ( within 15 micrograms . kg - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this system , enhancers act primarily to increase the probability of rapid and efficient transcription complex formation and initiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( i ) p60 bound fast - migrating , underprocessed wild - type ICP22 and ICP22 lacking the carboxyl - terminal 24 amino acids but not ICP22 lacking the carboxyl - terminal 40 amino acids , whereas the previously identified cellular protein p78 ( R .", "entity": [{"entity": "p60", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "wild - type ICP22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "ICP22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "ICP22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 138]}, {"entity": "cellular protein p78", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hetero - oligomerization of Smad4 with the pathway - restricted SMAD proteins is essential for Smad4 - mediated transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "SMAD proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "Smad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This group showed the presence of bacteria infiltrated at the dentinal tubules coronally and into the root canals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxyl radical footprinting of DNA complexes of the ets domain of PU . 1 and its comparison to the crystal structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "ets domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autophosphorylation on the major phosphorylation site Y1235 upregulates the kinase activity of the receptor , increasing the Vmax of the phosphotransfer reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The generation of dorso - ventral polarity during Drosophila embryogenesis is regulated by the action of 12 maternally expressed gene products , the dorsal group .", "entity": [{"entity": "dorsal group", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblot analysis of purified and protease - digested intracellular mature virus ( IMV ) and extracellular enveloped virus ( EEV ) showed that the A36R proteins were present on the surface of EEV with type II membrane topology , but were absent from IMV .", "entity": [{"entity": "A36R proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prevent section wrinkles usually encountered with the use of coated single - hole grids , a simple method was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative approach to random integration of large DNA fragments into plants is to utilize one of several site - specific recombination ( SSR ) systems , such as Cre / lox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cre", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "lox", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both v - Myb and c - Myb bind specifically to delta E3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - Myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "c - Myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "delta E3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After at least one year follow - up , argon laser showed a statistically significant effect ( p less of 0 , 01 ; Kolmogorow - Smirnov test ) on the stabilization or the amelioration of visual acuity compared with the non treated group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of a large Dutch prospective multicenter study ( Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis - 2 ) , we consecutively included all new patients with end - stage renal disease for whom residual renal function could be obtained 0 to 4 weeks before the start of dialysis therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between age - associated endocrine deficiencies and muscle function in elderly women : a cross - sectional study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intensity variations from the variable TR were removed , and the data were evaluated for correlation with the lateralized stimulus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of some pharmaceutical properties of clofibrate by cyclodextrin complexation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed cardiovascular variables and blood O2 contents in order to characterize O2 transport in ponies during treadmill exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somatic and visceral inputs to the thoracic spinal cord of the cat : effects of noxious stimulation of the biliary system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these DNA : protein complexes were also present , but at lower levels , in nuclear extracts from untransformed rat cells suggesting the possible involvement of cellular factors in the mechanism of down - regulation mediated by Ad12 E1A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ad12 E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that the induction of IFNA promoter region requires cooperation between alpha F1 binding proteins and IRF - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFNA promoter region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "alpha F1 binding proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 108]}, {"entity": "IRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two pharmacokinetic models were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine administration acutely reduced plasma clearance of sulfobromophthalein ( BSP ) in mice and increased hepatic retention of this dye .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Buddhist view of abortion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cryoglobulinaemia among maintenance haemodialysis patients and its relation to hepatitis C infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HepG2 cells , SREBP - 1c mRNA and precursor protein levels were induced by treatment with 22 ( R ) - hydroxycholesterol and 9 - cis - retinoic acid , confirming that endogenous LXR - RXR activation can induce endogenous SREBP - 1c expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "SREBP - 1c mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "LXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "endogenous SREBP - 1c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The T ( CCO2 ) was related to the PCO2 by a Pearson product coefficient of 0 . 79 ( p < . 0005 ) , with a mean difference of 1 . 94 ( T ( CCO2 ) > P ( CO2 ) and 95 % confidence interval of - 0 . 12 to 4 . 07 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the footprint patterns of the mouse and human HPRT genes demonstrated that the in vivo binding of regulatory proteins between these species is generally conserved but not identical .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse and human HPRT genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we sought to determine the specific effect of HIV protease inhibitors on patient weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV protease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cats with stage - 2 lymphomas that were FeLV - test negative had the best response to treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E1 recognition sequences in the bovine papillomavirus type 1 origin of DNA replication : interaction between half sites of the inverted repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase I study of 5 - fluorouracil and leucovorin by a 14 - day circadian infusion in metastatic adenocarcinoma patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although polyubiquitin chains linked through Lys ( 29 ) of ubiquitin have been implicated in the targeting of certain substrates to proteasomes , the signaling properties of these chains are poorly understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyubiquitin chains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 29]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B and C1 fusions with yeast GAL4 DNA - binding and transcriptional activation domains were also found to interact when synthesized and assayed in yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "C1 fusions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "yeast GAL4 DNA - binding and transcriptional activation domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion analysis of the 7 . 3 - kb GATA - 2 promoter region revealed that a 1 . 1 - kb DNA sequence is critical for expression of GATA - 2 in neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 . 3 - kb GATA - 2 promoter region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 60]}, {"entity": "GATA - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we verified that PI 3 - kinase associates with the CD4 : p56lck complex as judged by the presence of PI 3 - phosphate generated from anti - CD4 immunoprecipitates and detected by high - pressure liquid chromatographic analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "p56lck complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "anti - CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reality and clinical application of immunoglobulin preparations", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This evidence , together with the ability of a carboxyl - terminal coding sequence starting from the BamHI site to complement a shy1 mutant , suggests that the Shy1p contains two domains that can be separately expressed to form a functional protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "BamHI site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "shy1 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Shy1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that UNC - 4 expression in the VA motor neurons specifies the wild - type pattern of presynaptic input .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNC - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , technical advances have shown the limitations of these tests as tests for IgM can be positive because of residual specific IgM or even in subjects free of acute infection due to the existence of natural interfering IgM .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [225, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transesophageal echocardiography risk factors for stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in VDR - mediated transcriptional activation , 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D3 binding to VDR alters the conformation of the ligand binding domain such that it : ( i ) engages in strong heterodimerization with RXR to facilitate VDRE binding , ( ii ) influences the RXR ligand binding domain such that it is resistant to the binding of 9 - cis RA but active in recruiting coactivator to its AF - 2 and ( iii ) presents the AF - 2 region in VDR for coactivator association .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "RXR ligand binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [263, 288]}, {"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [437, 440]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our case , however , had no histologic evidence of malignancy , no serum alpha fetoprotein at 7 months of age , and no recurrence at 1 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum alpha fetoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , overexpression of RIM11 can suppress an ime1 missense mutation ( ime1 - L321F ) but not an ime1 deletion .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIM11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "ime1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "ime1 - L321F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "ime1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is always present and has a discrete origin and insertion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated 99mTc - ECD SPECT comparing with rCBF images obtained by PET in 12 patients with spinocerebellar degeneration ( SCD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nimodipine ( 5 micrograms / kg ) followed by infusion of 0 . 75 microgram / kg / min lowered the blood pressure by 10 % in both normotensive and hypertensive rats ; the same dose schedule of nifedipine did not lower MAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When severe hypoxia was acutely produced by ventilation with low - oxygen mixtures in experimental ( PaO2 , 23 . 7 + / - 1 . 7 torr ) and control animals ( PaO2 , 26 . 3 + / - 1 . 0 torr ) , plasma insulin responses were markedly inhibited in both .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have raised antibodies against a peptide specific to the predicted protein product of this second mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using unidirectional PCR we isolated a 361 - bp 5 ' promoter region and delineated the intronic / exonic boundaries which include a non - coding exon 1 , a single intron , and a coding exon 2 , a structure that is typical of genes of the RNase A superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNase A superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [238, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of these studies indicate that binding of biotin to the protein results in protection of regions of the central domain in the vicinity of the active site and the C - terminal domain from chemical cleavage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family histories were obtained from the parents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of nitroso formation from ( 14C ) methomyl and sodium nitrite under simulated stomach conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the murine Dtk gene has been determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine Dtk gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outlook in oral and cutaneous Kaposi ' s sarcoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that oleosin gene transcription is regulated in a tissue - specific and temporally regulated manner and clearly indicate that oleosin protein expression is co - ordinated primarily at the transcriptional level .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleosin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "oleosin protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergic field : how to detect it ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actual placement of the lesions was determined after mapping of the GPi by microrecording , using stimulation to identify the sensorimotor region and its somatotopic organization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 0 . 018 - inch FloWire provides a high - fidelity continuous Doppler signal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other recommendations for enhancing the safety of potent antiplatelet agents in a variety of clinical situations are provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concepts were developed by Mines and Garrey during the next 10 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new simple identification of rheumatoid factor on nitrocellulose was developed that allows quantitative detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum overexpression of holoenzyme activity was achieved by the inclusion in such plasmids of Salmonella typhimurium cysG , which encodes a uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase required for the synthesis of siroheme , a cofactor for the hemoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of the LD 50 ( 30 ) during infant period and growth period", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analysis of yeast CEG1 demonstrated that four of the five conserved motifs are essential for capping enzyme function in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast CEG1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "capping enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified phosphorylated PhoP ( PhoPP ) had a half - life of approximately 2 . 5 h , which was reduced to about 15 min by addition of the same molar amount of * PhoR ( the cytoplasmic region of PhoR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhoP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "PhoPP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "* PhoR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "PhoR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that exercise - induced ST - segment elevation in patients without a history of myocardial infarction or left ventricular aneurysm is caused by coronary spasm of a major coronary vessel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It spans 20 kilobases , consists of 7 exons and 6 introns , and contains a TATA motif 24 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastatic tumours of bone in Nigerians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A survey of 274 late detected cases of CDH born in the years 1970 - - 74 is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This distinct biochemical difference between STAT5A and STAT5B was confirmed with purified activated STAT5 recombinant proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT5A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "STAT5B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "STAT5 recombinant proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enoxacin has been shown to be an effective well tolerated and convenient treatment for gonorrhoea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Precision and accuracy were measured using controls and method comparison studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important prognostic factors for the results of physiotherapeutic exercises in intermittent claudication", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , Tax1 activates CArG - mediated transcription without mitogenic signals through interaction with a CArG - binding factor , p67SRF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "CArG - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 126]}, {"entity": "p67SRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 5 cases , combined sensitization to mercury and other metal salts , particularly gold sodium thiosulfate ( GST ) and palladium chloride ( PDC ) , was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst 53 \" inoperable \" ( T4 , N0 , N1 , T . , N2 , N3 ) cases , 5 ( 10 % ) had a positive scan and 5 a doubtful scan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyclovir ( 3 % ointment ) used topically one to five times a day on acute ocular HSV infection gave beneficial results as measured by a reduction in corneal involvement , conjunctivitis , iritis , and corneal clouding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficiency of transfections was normalized relative to the net amount of CAT plasmid actually transfected into recipient cells , determined by a modified Southern hybridization procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial computer based similarity searches identified human retinoblastoma binding protein 1 ( RBP - 1 ) , Drosophila melanogaster male specific lethal - 3 ( Msl - 3 ) , S . pombe altered polarity - 13 ( Alp13 ) and S . cerevisiae Eaf3p , a component of the yeast NuA4 HAT complex ( Galarneau et al . , 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human retinoblastoma binding protein 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 92]}, {"entity": "RBP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Drosophila melanogaster male specific lethal - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 155]}, {"entity": "Msl - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "S . pombe altered polarity - 13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 201]}, {"entity": "Alp13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "S . cerevisiae Eaf3p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 236]}, {"entity": "yeast NuA4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [258, 268]}, {"entity": "HAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [269, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aa residues correspond to codons 59 and 108 in the P . falciparum DHFR active site in which similar aa substitutions ( Cys Arg - 59 and Ser Asn - 108 ) are associated with pyrimethamine resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "P . falciparum DHFR active site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy was evaluated in 24 patients , of whom eight received RD and 16 SD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short - term growth : rhythms , chaos , or noise ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequences homologous to the consensus TUF - binding UAS boxes are present in the 5 ' flanking regions of both genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "TUF - binding UAS boxes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residues crucial for Ras interaction with GDP - GTP exchangers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "GDP - GTP exchangers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene atp6 , encoding subunit 6 of the mitochondrial F0 - ATPase complex , has been characterized from both the normal ( fertile ) and Ogura ( male - sterile ) radish cytoplasms in order to determine if previously identified atp6 transcriptional differences could play a role in cytoplasmic male sterility .", "entity": [{"entity": "gene atp6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "F0", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "atp6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether the transcript encodes an active enzyme , we developed a novel transient embryonic excision assay in which zebrafish fertilized eggs were co - injected with RNA transcribed in vitro using the Tol2 cDNA as a template and a plasmid DNA harboring a nonautonomous Tol2 element , which has a deletion in the transposase coding region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tol2 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [213, 222]}, {"entity": "Tol2 element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 293]}, {"entity": "transposase coding region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [324, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of CAPL , a second protein involved in calcium metabolism , was only moderately elevated in the doxorubicin - resistant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAPL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reconstituted enzyme binds DNA with an affinity that is approximately 20 - fold lower than that of the intact topo70 .", "entity": [{"entity": "topo70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late October , 1974 , Staphylococcus aureus postoperative wound infection was recorded in a nonhuman primate ( Macaca mulatta ) which had recently undergone surgical operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the in vivo function of Gle2p is strictly coupled to the short GLEBS within Nup116p which links this putative mRNA transport factor to the nuclear pores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gle2p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "GLEBS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Nup116p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seminal prolactin levels were significantly elevated in all infertile males .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recruitment of constitutively phosphorylated p185 ( neu ) and the activated mitogenic pathway proteins to this membrane - microfilament interaction site provides a physical model for integrating the assembly of the mitogenic pathway with the transmission of growth factor signal to the cytoskeleton .", "entity": [{"entity": "p185", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pattern of net RNA expression in adult mouse tissues is different .", "entity": [{"entity": "net RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of capsaicin on hexobarbital - anesthetized rats", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of human complement receptor type 2 ( CR2 / CD21 ) is primarily restricted to mature B cells and follicular dendritic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human complement receptor type 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 46]}, {"entity": "CR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "CD21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A physical and genetic map covering the entire RP12 candidate gene region was constructed .", "entity": [{"entity": "RP12 candidate gene region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that in premature infants plasminogen levels are low ; thus , defense against intra - alveolar fibrin deposition during birth trauma is reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasminogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "fibrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progestins : present and future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , DEX also enhanced the RA - dependent increase in RARbeta mRNA in a cycloheximide - sensitive manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "RARbeta mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both immortalized and normal diploid human cells , wt AAV targeted integration to ch - 19 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that both versions of the brief SL & amp ; shy ; ASIA had similar correlations to the target variables as the full scale SL & amp ; shy ; ASIA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These operons encode subunits of photosystems I ( psa ) and II ( psb ) , the cytochrome bGf complex ( pet ) , the plastid NAD ( P ) H dehydrogenase ( ndh ) , and the unidentified open reading frame ycf9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "photosystems I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "psa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "psb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "cytochrome bGf complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 99]}, {"entity": "pet", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 147]}, {"entity": "ndh", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "ycf9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , dominant negative Rac ( N17Rac1 ) inhibited JNK activation by Galpha12 in HEK293 cells as well as three other cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "dominant negative Rac", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "N17Rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Galpha12", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major feature of this genomic sequence is the presence of a first intron ( Il ) , 215 bp long , located 48 bp downstream of the translation start ATG codon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reviewed the different published cases of acute high dose methotrexate neurotoxicity and the different underlying mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expected products of the cloned bph genes , except bphA3 , were observed in E . coli in an in vitro transcription - translation system .", "entity": [{"entity": "bph genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "bphA3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunoreactive antithrombin III increased significantly while the increase in antithrombin III activity was insignificant in 20 male Caucasian Danes upon 3 weeks supplementation of the diet with 10 ml daily of a cod liver oil concentrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "antithrombin III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only the 27 - kDa protein was detected after N - glycosidase treatment , indicating that PLP - H is a glycoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - glycosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "PLP - H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observed changes were not found when assessing NPY level in plasma fluid .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In three other patients the electrophysiologic characteristics of atrioventricular conduction prevented a demonstration of these differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These sequence differences are reflected in differences in gene expression in three cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 10 eyes injected with human RPE cells showed STAGE 2 or less in 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative dose to nursing staff for the week after treatment was dependent on patient mobility and was estimated at 0 . 08 mSv for a self - caring patient to 6 . 3 mSv for a totally helpless patient ( 1840 MBq / group A ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis consisted of 1 ) fitting first - and second - order autoregressive models ( AR1 and AR2 ) and 2 ) obtaining the power spectra of the data by fast - Fourier transform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 921 specimens , 95 yielded non - albicans species , mainly from patients with low CD4 lymphocyte counts and extensive previous azole exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift experiments suggest that GnSE response elements interact , in these two regions , with GATA - and LIM - related factors , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnSE response elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "GATA - and LIM - related factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NrfC polypeptide , M ( r ) 24 , 567 , contains 16 cysteine residues arranged in four clusters typical of the CooF super - family of non - haem iron - sulphur proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "NrfC polypeptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "M ( r ) 24 , 567", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "CooF super - family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hamdija Karamehmedovic ; Ibn al - Nefis , \" Mudzez al - Kanum \" , Republicki zavod za zdravstvenu zastitu Sarajevo , 1961 , 1 - 219 ; Mr ph Samuel Elazar , Ajnija Omanic : \" Bibliografija medicinskih djela u SR BiH do 1895 . \" Medicinska knjiga Beograd - Zagreb 1984 ; Besides , the great contribution in bibliography was given by dr Lujo Taler , prof . dr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients randomized into the active treatment groups A30 ( n = 49 ) and A60 ( n = 48 ) received topical treatment with 3 . 0 % diclofenac in 2 . 5 % hyaluronan gel 0 . 5 g twice daily for 30 or 60 days , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot analysis performed on genomic DNA demonstrated altered CpG methylation within intron 1 in DNA from all BCC compared to normal , mortal human mammary epithelial cells ( HMEC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , both inhibitors blocked phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and protein kinase C translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human PDNP3 is expressed in glioma cells , prostate , and uterus , but not in the alimentary tract .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human PDNP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "13 : 961 - 969 , 1993 ) suggested that T antigen could mediate transcriptional activation through interaction with the TATA - binding protein , as well as upstream bound transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "T antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "TATA - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a putative infC - rpmI - rplT operon flanked by long inverted repeats in Mycoplasma fermentans ( incognitus strain ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "infC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "rpmI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "rplT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IgE antibody to twelve common food and inhalant allergens was measured by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in the sera of thirteen atopic patients with one or more allergic disorders ( asthma occurring in eleven ; rhinitis in ten ; eczema in six ; urticaria in four ; mouth and gastro - intestinal symptoms in six ) , of twelve non - atopic patients with various clinical symptoms ( asthma in four ; rhinitis in four ; eczema in one ; urticaria in two ; mouth and gastro - intestinal symptoms in four ) and sixteen cord blood sera .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgE antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of 1 Mb of published sequence from the region of conserved synteny on human chromosome 5q31 - q33 identified 45 gene candidates , including 35 expressed genes in the human IL - 4 cytokine gene cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "human IL - 4 cytokine gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These p21 - E2F complexes , while present in young G1 cells at very low levels , were elevated in senescent cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "E2F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delta Mo + SV tumor DNAs from B - lineage tumors were typically rearranged at the immunoglobulin gene loci and contained germ line configurations of the T - cell receptor beta gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin gene loci", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 110]}, {"entity": "T - cell receptor beta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increased incidence of ATN has been reported since the introduction of cyclosporin A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier reports have localized mutations which affect the processing and transport of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoproteins to a region located between the genes specifying glycoprotein B and the major viral DNA - binding protein ( beta 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycoprotein B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 186]}, {"entity": "beta 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic force and torque at 1 . 5 T did not dislodge the GF or result in perforation of canine IVC by the GF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rec8 ( + ) , rec10 ( + ) , and rec11 ( + ) genes of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe exhibit similar specificities for meiotic recombination and rec8 ( + ) is required for sister chromatid cohesion and homolog pairing .", "entity": [{"entity": "rec8 ( + )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "rec10 ( + )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "rec11 ( + ) genes of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 99]}, {"entity": "rec8 ( + )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells ( U937 ) exposed to bryostatin 1 and the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin involves dysregulation of the PKC / MAPK cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of a D - loop is an essential step in DNA double - strand break repair through recombination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a set of sera for which full chlamydial micro - immunofluorescence results suggested a clear diagnosis , we have evaluated the Chlamydia Spot - IF test ( bioMerieux ) , which allows a comparison of titres to Chlamydia trachomatis and C . psittaci antigens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlamydia trachomatis and C . psittaci antigens", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ET - 1 limited the electrocardiographic evidence of subendocardial ischemia and attenuated contractile dysfunction compared with mechanical stenosis at the same coronary flows , even though lactate flux was similar .", "entity": [{"entity": "ET - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AtNMT1 expression profile indicated ubiquity in roots , stem , leaves , flowers , and siliques ( approximately 1 . 7 kb transcript and approximately 50 kDa immunoreactive polypeptide ) but a greater level in the younger tissue , which are developmentally very active .", "entity": [{"entity": "AtNMT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : DMIPP detects regionally hypoperfused myocardium , in which agreement between MBF and fatty acid uptake deteriorates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of putative TSC2 mutations were found in sporadic rather than TSC2 - linked families .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSC2 mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "TSC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - three small glottic carcinomas ( T1 and small T2 ; UICC , 1978 ) were examined by malignancy grading using the 8 - factor system proposed by Jakobsson et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the 10 sequences has hitherto been recognized as part of the p53 signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies in 26 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection of H chain loss variant myeloma with the complete 12 kb construct , termed 238H - Cmicro , resulted in secretion of intact Ig pairing 238H - Cmicro , with a lambda L chain ; however , transfectant Ig lacked autoreactivity and pathogenicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "H chain loss variant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "238H - Cmicro", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "238H - Cmicro", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "lambda L chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 184]}, {"entity": "transfectant Ig", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the genes coding for mouse and human p36 ( annexin II ) and mouse , rat and human p35 ( annexin I ) and pigeon cp35 ( an annexin I - related protein ) shows strong genomic structural conservation supporting the hypothesis that these genes had a common ancestor .", "entity": [{"entity": "p36", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "annexin II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "p35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "annexin I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "cp35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "annexin I - related protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now : pleasure in work", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerumen management in hearing conservation : the Dallas ( Texas ) Independent School District program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian homologues of the Polycomb - group gene Enhancer of zeste mediate gene silencing in Drosophila heterochromatin and at S . cerevisiae telomeres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polycomb - group gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "Enhancer of zeste", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthoepocin , a new antibiotic from Penicillium simplicissimum IFO5762 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , VAHS is often associated with fatal infectious mononucleosis ( IM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mutations within the Ubx unit exons are known and most of these behave as null alleles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ubx unit exons", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "273 , 27420 - 27429 ) a putative peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor response element ( PPRE ) is present from - 458 to - 474 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In T cells these two signal pathways are critical for interleukin - 2 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results induce that the putative TATA box and initiator are not involved in the promoter activity , and that the vitronectin promoter lacks the TATA box , initiator and GC box .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitronectin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both residues are conserved in the three phosphorylated paralogs but are absent in the ones that were not substrates of RsbT : YetI and YezB , each of which bears only one of the conserved residues ; and YtvA , which lacks both residues and instead possesses an N - terminal PAS domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "RsbT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "YetI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "YezB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "YtvA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "PAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [275, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of PORT in the treatment of N2 tumours is not clear and may justify further research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TDx assay for cyclosporine and its metabolites in blood samples compared with HPLC and RIA methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is consistent with the need for a nuclear retinoid receptor function in RA - induced ERK2 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoid receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "ERK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was previously shown that Vi antigen expression was regulated by a system similar to the rcs regulatory system involved in colanic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vi antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "rcs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the molecular mechanisms by which specific cis - and trans - acting factors control activity of the prodynorphin promoter are not as clearly defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "prodynorphin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene set in this mitochondrial genome is a subset of that of Reclinomonas americana , an amoeboid protozoan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The library will thus be useful for the selection of cosmid clones which carry CDC genes from yeast by complementing first , with the vectorial yeast gene URA1 , the pyrimidine auxotrophy of most cdc - strains and then , with the respective CDC wild - type genes , of the temperature - sensitive mutant alleles .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDC genes from yeast", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "yeast gene URA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "cdc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "CDC wild - type genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [241, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A plasma cell - rich infiltrate was present in the connective tissue cores of the papillae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide competition studies have localized a cyclin A interaction site to a Lys381Lys382Leu383Met384Phe385 sequence within C - terminal negative regulatory domain of human p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin A interaction site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 70]}, {"entity": "human p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phase II study was initiated to evaluate the effect of a combination of the pure L - isomer of LV and 5 - FU along with epirubicin in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuated serum cortisol responses were found in six of the patients despite a normal ACTH test .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While some still automatically refuse all patients with positive mediastinoscopy , most authors still remain very interventionistic for N2 patients selected on very accurate criteria that are analyzed above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inability of niacin to protect from in vivo hyperoxia or in vitro microsomal lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sesame seed should also be considered a cause of allergic reactions to drug products and cosmetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In absence of i . m . medication , levels over 1 , 000 U must be carefully screened in order to rule out SNM or organic pathology associated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A yeast mitochondrial translation initiation codon mutation affecting the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit III ( COX3 ) was partially suppressed by a spontaneous nuclear mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome oxidase subunit III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 113]}, {"entity": "COX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with endocarditis or vascular infection were more frequently immunocompromised and older than those with acute Q fever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This latter complex reacts with an antibody to serum response factor ( SRF ) and exhibits the same binding characteristics as purified SRF .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum response factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "SRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "SRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASURES : SF - 36 questionnaires were completed by patients at both initial and discharge examinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hormonal replacement therapy for women with a personal history of breast cancer ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human SHBG proximal promoter was analyzed by DNase I footprinting , and the functional significance of 6 footprinted regions ( FP1 - FP6 ) within the proximal promoter was studied in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "human SHBG proximal promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endodontic treatment of deciduous teeth using the formocresol amputation method", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of results suggests that seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in dogs of the Kosice region is not negligible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant beta2 - adrenergic receptors with a Tyr - to - Phe substitution at Tyr - 350 do not display agonist - induced desensitization , Src recruitment , or Src activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta2 - adrenergic receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 35]}, {"entity": "Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feasibility of creating CR1 / Ig chimeras makes possible a new strategy of targeting complement inhibition by the use of Ig fusion partners having particular antigenic specificities .", "entity": [{"entity": "CR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "Ig", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Ig fusion partners", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Otosclerosis in monozygotic twins : clinical and genetical analysis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that in uninfected NIH - 3T3 cells Avarol ( i ) causes a 50 % reduction of the growth rate only at the high concentration of 29 . 6 microM and ( ii ) is accumulated in the cytoplasm close to the nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , disruption of pcr1 reduced expression of fbp1 , a glucose - repressible gene negatively regulated by PKA .", "entity": [{"entity": "pcr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "fbp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This B - box is not present in ETS1 , ETS2 , PEA3 or PU . 1 and these proteins were unable to form ternary complexes with SRF and Egrl - SREs or c - fos SRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "ETS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "PEA3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "SRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "Egrl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "c - fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excretion of radiopharmaceuticals into breast milk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the drinking ampules of VP - 16 - 213 can be replaced with the new oral capsules with a recommended initial dose of 100 - 130 mg / m2 given in 5 - day courses every 21 - 28 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of the region from amino acid residues 2 - 67 in E1A , which has been postulated to interact with p300 / CBP , also abolished the inhibitory effect of E1A , whereas deletion of the region from residues 120 to 140 had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "p300", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that on the 14th and 21st day after cimetidine administration serum gastrin levels were significantly elevated .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both PMP20 gene products contain the carboxyl - terminal sequence AKL , similar to the putative SKL peroxisomal sorting sequence ( Gould , S .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMP20 gene products", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After cumulative occlusions of 15 , 30 , 45 , and 90 min , transmural needle biopsies were taken from the ischemic area to be analyzed for adenine nucleotides , nucleosides , creatine phosphate , and ultrastructural changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found both the v - Ras - and PC - PLC - transformed cells to be insensitive to stimulation with platelet - derived growth factor ( PDGF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "PC - PLC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "platelet - derived growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 131]}, {"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although indomethacin is useful for examining the role of cyclooxygenase products in asthmatic responses , it should not be considered in the treatment of asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclooxygenase products", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it was found that the Shb - overexpressing cells extended neurites in response to epidermal growth factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tre during exercise at 35 W at 23 degrees C correlated r = - 70 with Vo2max and r = 0 . 80 with Tre during exercise in heat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic iodine 125 for hyperthyroidism : evidence for a special radiobiological effect on the follicular cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological activity of these mutants was tested by determining their capacity to ( i ) reconstitute RNA polymerase activity in vivo by cotransfection with proteins NP , PB1 , and PA and a virion - like RNA encoding the cat gene into vaccinia virus T7 - infected COS - 1 cells and ( ii ) complete with the wild - type PB2 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 118]}, {"entity": "NP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "PB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "PA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "cat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "wild - type PB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [309, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Should we use thiazide diuretics in hypertensive patients with non - insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus ?", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that the K - ABC is a relatively nonbiased test suitable for the evaluation of both gifted and nongifted children regardless of race or gender .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The University of North Carolina caries risk assessment was conducted between 1986 and 1989 with 5000 children initially in grades 1 and 5 from low fluoride sites in South Carolina and Maine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of cells for 10 min with TNF - alpha resulted in activation of p44 / 42 MAPK , p38 , and JNK .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "p44 / 42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coding region of nifA was determined using a translational lacZ fusion and by site - directed mutagenesis to identify which of four in frame AUG codons was used .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "lacZ fusion", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In phase II studies , MDL 72 , 974A is proving to be a useful adjunct to conventional therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A derived RA - resistant line , NT2 / D1 - R1 , is deficient in this activity and is co - resistant to cisplatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies reveal that CREM , a tissue - specific factor , is expressed and regulated by gonadotropins in the ovary , that the predominant CREM transcripts encode the repressor protein ICER , and that ICER is capable of inhibiting cAMP - induced expression of the inhibin alpha - subunit gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "gonadotropins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "repressor protein ICER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 192]}, {"entity": "ICER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "inhibin alpha - subunit gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [267, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small molecule ILK inhibitor suppresses the phosphorylation of PKB at the Ser - 473 but not the Thr - 308 site in the PTEN mutant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ILK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "PKB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "PTEN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menstrual and lunar cycles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenacetin nephritis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both claR and car are expressed as monocistronic transcripts ; the level of transcript declined rapidly after 48h in complex media , but low sustained levels of both transcripts were observed in defined GSPG medium until 96h . claR and car were not significantly expressed in mutants disrupted in the ccaR gene , a regulatory gene that controls positively clavulanic acid and cephamycin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "claR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "car", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "claR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 231]}, {"entity": "car", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 239]}, {"entity": "ccaR gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [301, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral complementary 15 S mRNA that directs the synthesis of N protein and hybridizes to the predicted N gene DNA has been identified in infected cell extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 S mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "N protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "N gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments were performed without polarization or with cathodic and anodic polarization of the adsorbent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that Sp1 binding site can function as a distinct TGF - beta responsive element for TGF - beta mediated promoter expression and Sp1 per se can mediate this response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta responsive element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 98]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A positive correlation was also established between the level of FP9C binding and the degree of cell differentiation in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "FP9C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another patient , IRPF recurred in the ureter of a living related renal graft 6 months after transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to the D , B / B ' and E proteins , the F and G proteins do not possess any of the known RNA binding motifs , suggesting that other types of RNA - protein interactions occur in the snRNP core .", "entity": [{"entity": "D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 16]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "B '", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "E proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 49]}, {"entity": "G proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasound - guided fine - needle aspiration biopsy ( US - FNAB ) revealed normal - looking squamous cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HC - toxin exerts a potent cytostatic effect on plant and animal cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase .", "entity": [{"entity": "HC - toxin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "histone deacetylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In EGF receptor - mediated signaling , the protein kinase PKB / Akt and the mitogen - activated protein kinase c - Jun N - terminal kinase , but not extracellular signal - regulated kinase 2 , function downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI 3 - kinase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "protein kinase PKB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Akt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase c - Jun N - terminal kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 138]}, {"entity": "extracellular signal - regulated kinase 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 190]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 247]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [250, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of T cell activation using a surface - linked single - chain antibody to CTLA - 4 ( CD152 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CTLA - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "CD152", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of this homology , we examined the potential role of c - Rel in controlling IL - 2R alpha transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Rel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "IL - 2R alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis shows that sites throughout the IRE alter negative control and IRE - BP binding reflecting the fact that the footprint of the IRE - BP is over the entire IRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "IRE - BP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "IRE - BP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "IRE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , LXRalpha inhibited binding of PPARalpha / RXRalpha heterodimers to PPREs , and coexpression of LXRalpha in mammalian cells antagonized peroxisome proliferator signaling mediated by PPARalpha / RXRalpha in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "LXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "PPARalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "RXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "LXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "PPARalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 200]}, {"entity": "RXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In clinical stroke cardiovascular abnormalities are frequently neglected although they occur more often than it is generally assumed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complementary DNA libraries from liver and ovary of an immature female channel catfish were screened with a homologous ERalpha cDNA probe .", "entity": [{"entity": "homologous ERalpha cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of the Coomassie - stained gels revealed that the capsid - like particles composed of the N11 - VP1 protein did not contain any host - derived histones .", "entity": [{"entity": "N11 - VP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "histones", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that one nudF suppressor also suppresses hs - mutations in nudA , nudC , and nudG and deletions in nudA and nudF .", "entity": [{"entity": "nudF suppressor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "nudA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "nudC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "nudG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "nudA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "nudF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the potential induction of this gene rearrangement by E1A gene therapy is unlikely to be clinically significant in the treatment of advanced malignant disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that Bry1 / Skn7 can influence the expression of MCB - and SCB - driven gene expression in budding yeast , perhaps including genes involved in cell wall metabolism , via a two - component signal transduction pathway which activates Bry1 / Skn7 in response to an unidentified signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bry1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "Skn7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "Bry1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [252, 256]}, {"entity": "Skn7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [259, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buspirone therapy for Type A behavior , hostility , and perceived stress in cardiac patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When furA alone was introduced into the Delta ( furA - katG ) mutant , survival in mouse lungs was moderately increased , suggesting that FurA could regulate genes , other than katG , that are involved in pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "furA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "furA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "katG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "FurA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "katG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting threshold elevation curves fell into a small number of distinct groups , suggesting the existence of discrete spatial frequency mechanisms in human central vision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through interactions with the pre - mRNA and the CTD domain of the Polymerase II , SR proteins have been shown to regulate alternative splicing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "SR proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The screen identifies mutants whose growth depends on high levels of expression of that gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis of protein - DNA complexes formed with nuclear proteins isolated from I3C - treated and - untreated cells , in combination with supershift assays using Sp1 antibodies , demonstrated that the Sp1 - binding site in the CDK6 promoter forms a specific I3C - responsive DNA - protein complex that contains the Sp1 transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "Sp1 - binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 249]}, {"entity": "CDK6 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [257, 270]}, {"entity": "Sp1 transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [345, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that the mechanism of intestinal absorption of vitamin D and 25 - hydroxy - vitamin D may differ in man , the absorption of 25 - hydroxy - vitamin D possibly being less dependent on bile acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a study in Singapore , Chinese , Malay and Indian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis received 2 months of daily treatment with streptomycin , isoniazid , rifampicin , and pyrazinamide followed by daily isoniazid , and rifampicin either with pyrazinamide ( SHRZ / HRZ ) or without it ( SHRZ / HR ) , allocated at random .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , C / EBP beta stimulated transcription primarily through the cAMP - responsive element ( CRE ) , which maps between positions - 77 to - 94 , but not at the more 5 ' - binding sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helenalin triggers a CD95 death receptor - independent apoptosis that is not affected by overexpression of Bcl - x ( L ) or Bcl - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD95 death receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 40]}, {"entity": "Bcl - x ( L )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Bcl - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed alterations in lung functions in these subjects indicate that individuals performing heavy continuous exercise are more likely to be affected by lower O3 levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shields needed for pacemakers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nationwide record linkage of the Finnish Twin Cohort Study ( FTCS ) with the Hospital Discharge Registry and the Registry of Rights for Free medication is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results demonstrated that for both S . europaea and A . prostrata , the total number of seeds that germinated decreased throughout the growing season .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A personal view of future trends in the field of immunoassay concludes this review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results admit that a ribosome scanning mechanism of the MP gene expression from I ( 2 ) sgRNA operates concurrently .", "entity": [{"entity": "MP gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that Fluosol significantly attenuates neutrophil adherence , cytotoxicity , and enzyme release in an in vitro model of microvascular injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22 . 6 % of patients were found to be positive at histology in the corpus mucosa ; all but one of these patients had elevated circulating IgG to H . pylori ( Group C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerning the practical approach in a clinical setting , it has to be pointed out that with these diseases a hepatitis C infection has to be considered and testing for hepatitis C antibodies and , if positive , hepatitis C - RNA is indicated .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis C antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 191]}, {"entity": "hepatitis C - RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate the effect of the local direct action of danazol upon endometriosis , intravaginal and intrauterine application were tried .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot experiments detected SMBP as a 70 kDa protein that may be further cleaved into an active 34 kDa N - terminal polypeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "80 bp ) surrounding the site of transcription initiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A backward look at urinary tract infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the cognate gene clones were constructed , using either PCR products amplified from genomic DNA , or gap - repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Western blots , the same antibodies recognized the recombinant protein migrating slightly slower on SDS / PAGE than chicken axonin - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken axonin - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BCR - ABL elicits transformation of both fibroblast and hematopoietic cells and blocks apoptosis following cytokine deprivation in various factor - dependent cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ABL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcriptional transactivator ( Tas ) of simian foamy virus type 1 strongly augments gene expression directed by both the promoter in the viral long terminal repeat and the newly discovered internal promoter located within the env gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional transactivator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "Tas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "env gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of nt sequence was carried out on three out of the more than 15 of these regions present in the mouse genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , site - specific integration of the ITR - flanked DNA was also detected by PCR amplification of the ITR - aavs1 junction in transduced human fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "ITR - aavs1 junction", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we demonstrate that animals carrying a snf mutation that converts SNF from a bifunctional protein to a U1 snRNP - specific protein are viable .", "entity": [{"entity": "snf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "SNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "U1 snRNP - specific protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this interaction , the C - terminal part of Sp1 and the N terminus of E2F1 , a domain also present in E2F2 and E2F3 but absent in E2F4 and E2F5 , were essential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "E2F1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "E2F2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "E2F3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "E2F4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "E2F5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain additional insights into this novel apoptotic checkpoint , we have now characterized the mouse survivin locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse survivin locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since RIP140 generally down - regulates receptor activity in mammalian cells and specifically down - regulates coactivation mediated by SRC - 1 , we propose a model in which RIP140 indirectly regulates nuclear receptor AF - 2 activity by competition for coactivators such as SRC - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIP140", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "SRC - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "RIP140", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "nuclear receptor AF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 225]}, {"entity": "SRC - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [275, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We constructed a stable , doubly transfected cell line ( TIS - 10 ) carrying a chromosomally integrated ptetO7 - CMV - L reporter construct and expressing the TetR - KRAB protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptetO7 - CMV - L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "TetR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "KRAB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Value of bone scintigraphy with Tc99MDP in the early diagnosis of mobilization of the total hip prosthesis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coimmunoprecipitation analysis suggests that these residues likely contribute to the multimerization function required for homomeric complex formation or heteromeric complex formation with p50 in that no association of p65 delta with itself or with p50 was evident .", "entity": [{"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 192]}, {"entity": "p65 delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [219, 228]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [249, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolation of crt5 - 262 , an additional cdc allele of POL1 / CDC17 , suggests for the first time that directly blocking DNA replication can provide a signal to induce the DNA damage response . crt2 mutants show a defect in basal level expression of RNR1 - lacZ reporter constructs .", "entity": [{"entity": "crt5 - 262", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "cdc allele", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "POL1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "CDC17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "crt2 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 209]}, {"entity": "RNR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [253, 257]}, {"entity": "lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [260, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) with sequence analysis showed that PGCL4 is a major member in the female mammary gland , and in the submaxillary and lachrymal glands of both sexes , while the counterpart in male liver and the coagulate glands was found to be PGCL1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGCL4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "PGCL1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [276, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five sequence variants were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If failure to solve invisible displacements was due to increased memory requirements , then the primates should perform at chance level on all 3 problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mouse GRK6 - C displays none of these motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mouse GRK6 - C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative length of the RGSV genome , including RNAs 5 and 6 , was 25142 nt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CTDK1 and CTDK2 also differ in their protein substrate specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CTDK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "CTDK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATF is formulated from the prothrombin time ( PT ) , fibrinogen transformation rate ( FTR ) ( a representation of thrombin activity ) , and a consideration of the fibrinogen ( FBG ) content of blood plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "prothrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "thrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "FBG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protease digestion and alkaline extraction of microsomes containing labeled mutant proteins further showed that segment 3 was sufficient for stable membrane anchoring of the glycoproteins , indicating that this segment may specify the transmembrane domain of the gB glycoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "gB glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [263, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral visual acuity with monovision and other contact lens corrections for presbyopia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORF3 appears to encode the homologue of the well - conserved proteasomal 26S regulatory subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "proteasomal 26S regulatory subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "87 , 7270 - 7274 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein binding to UAS1MLS1 was observed with extracts from derepressed but not from repressed cells , and could be competed for by an excess of the unlabelled CSRE ( ICL1 ) sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "UAS1MLS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "ICL1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibition was due to competition from the EMC virus IRES present in pEP - 2A transcripts , as well as the expression of proteolytically active 2Apro .", "entity": [{"entity": "pEP - 2A transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "2Apro", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [149, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These properties prompted us to investigate Ets - 1 expression in 32 human astroglial tumors of WHO grades I - IV and to correlate the data with the expression pattern of VEGF , Flt - 1 , and KDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "VEGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 175]}, {"entity": "Flt - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 185]}, {"entity": "KDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CydDC system appears to be the first prokaryotic example of a heterodimeric ABC transport system in which each polypeptide contains both hydrophobic and ATP - binding domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "CydDC system", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "heterodimeric ABC transport system", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ionic composition ( Na + , K + , Ca + 2 , and Mg2 + ) of cerebrospinal fluid and feeding behavior in sheep .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently we have performed a detailed analysis of specific neuronal populations affected by the mutation which shed new light on the role of Krox - 20 in the segmentation and on the physiological consequences of its inactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Krox - 20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the sequences of the alpha - like DNA polymerases including E . coli DNA polymerase II showed that there were nine highly conserved regions , and we constructed an unrooted phylogenetic tree of the DNA polymerases based on the differences in these conserved regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - like DNA polymerases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 63]}, {"entity": "E . coli DNA polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 100]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guanylyl cyclase C , the apparent guanylin receptor , was found in abundant amounts in the intestine by Northern analysis , and by the polymerase chain reaction or cDNA cloning it was also found in adrenal gland , airway epithelial cells , brain , and olfactory and tracheal mucosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guanylyl cyclase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "guanylin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Older females had lumbar ( 0 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 ) and TB ( 1 . 1 + / - 1 . 1 ) BMD Z scores greater than 0 ( both , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the distal E2F binding site in the cdc25A promoter abolished E2 - induced repression , whereas mutation of the proximal E2F site or the E2 site had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2F binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "cdc25A promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "E2F site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "E2 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychopathological , vegetative , and vital parameters were assessed every hour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new family of rate - adaptive pacemakers accomplishes this circadian rate variation by modeling the patient ' s sleep - wake cycle using a time - of - day clock inside the device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New strategies are needed to prevent coronary rethrombosis in patients with minimal atherosclerosis after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : With an array of 112 unipole , epicardial maps of electrically induced AF in 6 dogs ( acute group ) , self - sustained AF in 6 dogs ( chronic group ) , and sinus rhythm and atrial pacing in 3 dogs ( control group ) were analyzed before and after creating linear radiofrequency ablation lesions in both atria that eliminated the AF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mitochondrial tyrosyl - tRNA synthetase of Podospora anserina is a bifunctional enzyme active in protein synthesis and RNA splicing .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial tyrosyl - tRNA synthetase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the central nonconserved region of the large subunit is not essential for function and likely acts as a spacer between the conserved N - and C - terminal regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further comparative analysis identified an ADNP paralog ( 33 % identity and 46 % similarity ) , indicating that these genes belong to a novel protein family with a nine - zinc finger motif followed by a homeobox domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADNP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , apo - iso - 1 - cytochrome c is absent in cyc3 - strains , although apo - iso - 2 - cytochrome c is present at approximately the same level at which holo - iso - 2 - cytochrome c is found in CYC3 + strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "apo - iso - 1 - cytochrome c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 43]}, {"entity": "cyc3 -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "apo - iso - 2 - cytochrome c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 111]}, {"entity": "holo - iso - 2 - cytochrome c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 193]}, {"entity": "CYC3 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A role for phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase in the regulation of beta 1 integrin activity by the CD2 antigen .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 42]}, {"entity": "beta 1 integrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "CD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cluster was mapped to nucleotides - 464 to - 434 ( relative to nucleotide A in the initiation codon ) in genomic DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the previously mapped structural protein - encoding genes of phage LL - H were included in the sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An exception is the Bcl - 6 gene , encoding a transcription factor , which was found to be mutated in normal human memory B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bcl - 6 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nature and incidence of conditioned responses in a methadone population : a comparison of laboratory , clinic , and naturalistic settings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum PRL concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in normal women , hyperprolactinemic patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma , but not in macroadenoma patients with and without suprasellar expansion ( SSE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen Centers participated in this trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cells stably transfected with G alpha i - 2 or G alpha i - 3 gene 5 ' - flanking sequences fused to firefly luciferase cDNA reporter , temporal 10 - 15 - fold transcriptional activation of both genes occurred before cellular polarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "G alpha i - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "G alpha i - 3 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A gene ( FMR - 1 ) was identified within a four cosmid contig of YAC DNA that expresses a 4 . 8 kb message in human brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "FMR - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include not only antioxidants , N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor antagonists , inhibitors of glutamate release , calcium channel blockers , polyamine antagonists , and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors , but cannabinoids , aspirin , melatonin , and vitamin B - 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 73]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ANH had no negative effects on the endocrine stress response during orthopedic surgery under epidural anesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both genes ARO3 and ARO4 are strongly regulated under the general control regulatory system .", "entity": [{"entity": "genes ARO3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "ARO4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of energy levels , E1 transition amplitudes , and parity violation in francium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A homologue of the MAP / ERK family of protein kinase genes is expressed in vegetative and in female reproductive organs of Petunia hybrida .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significance of esophagocardiac reflexes for inducing thoracic pain", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis confirmed that ADAMTS - 1 was up - regulated in both metaphyseal ( 14 - to 35 - fold ) and diaphyseal ( 4 . 2 - fold ) bone 1 h after PTH - ( 1 - 38 ) injection and returned to control levels by 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADAMTS - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "PTH - ( 1 - 38 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings in the human multiple myeloma cell lines represent the first examples of B cells with downregulated PU . 1 expression and apparently contradict observations in the murine system in which PU . 1 is expressed and active in plasmacytoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis identified retina - specific transcripts of 3 . 0 kb for rod G alpha t and 2 . 6 kb for cone G alpha t .", "entity": [{"entity": "rod G alpha t", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "cone G alpha t", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The STP1 locus is located on chromosome IV close to at least two other genes involved in RNA splicing : PRP3 and SPP41 .", "entity": [{"entity": "STP1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "PRP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "SPP41", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed a high degree of sequence ( 97 % homology ) and structural similarity among members of the ART - CH family , indicating their common origin and recent penetration into chicken DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ART", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 180]}, {"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This interesting exon junction resulted in novel deduced amino terminal open reading frames , which are completely in - frame with sequences located further downstream .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the pattern of evolution of bronchial albumin , IgA , and IgG levels in ventilated ICU patients in relation to nosocomial pneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "albumin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of highly correlated frequencies provided strong evidence of a medium - frequency pattern generator which may remain operative beyond the neonatal period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic expression of the glucagon gene depends on multiple transcription factors interacting with at least three DNA control elements : G1 , the upstream promoter element , and G2 and G3 , two enhancer - like sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucagon gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before and 6 and 12 months after H . pylori eradication the patients were evaluated for fasting gastrinemia and pepsinogen I , basal and peak acid output , and detailed histological assessment including the ECL cell proliferative patterns .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepsinogen I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , CARP is a YB - 1 associated factor and represents the first identified cardiac - restricted downstream regulatory gene in the homeobox gene Nkx2 - 5 pathway and may serve as a negative regulator of HF - 1 - dependent pathways for ventricular muscle gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "CARP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "YB - 1 associated factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "Nkx2 - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "HF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barium mucosal coating was judged to be better in the members to whom magnesium sulphate was administered ( p = 0 . 0007 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator ( PTPA ) of protein phosphatase 2A .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 100]}, {"entity": "PTPA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "protein phosphatase 2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article expands the analysis of a numeric example included in the SAS GLM procedure to cover several crucial statistical aspects relevant to ANCOVA , and to highlight the meaning of the statistical results obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PEP4 gene was isolated from a genomic DNA library by complementation of the pep4 - 3 mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEP4 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "pep4 - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that panretinal photocoagulation offers a highly effective means of dealing with early and moderately advanced cases of angle neovascularization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral renal oncocytoma in a Greyhound dog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane depolarization is a critical element of neuronal signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The E . multilocularis / Mongolian gerbil system can replace the natural canid hosts as a new way to obtain infective eggs and to analyze host - parasite interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fugu rubripes ( Fugu ) gene fragment was used to isolate the GH gene from a Fugu genomic library .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first time also a genomic sequence for a red algal lhc gene is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "red algal lhc gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All such polypeptides containing 263 or more residues derived from the C - terminus of P130gag - fps ( i . e . residues 920 - 1182 ) were enzymatically active as tyrosine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "P130gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "fps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Were this hypothesis correct , the requirement for elF4A should correlate with the degree of mRNA secondary structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "elF4A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison with the data of clinical development and hemodynamic results", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localized Bicaudal - C RNA encodes a protein containing a KH domain , the RNA binding motif of FMR1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bicaudal - C RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "FMR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite a lowering of her plasma ACTH concentration during therapy with valproic acid , the patient ' s tumour showed no evidence of regression while she was taking the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report which clearly proved CEA synthesis in the cells of HCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "CEA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NASA CR - 1223 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The classic sterol regulatory cis element ( sre - 1 ) in the LDL receptor promoter mediates sterol regulatory element binding protein ( SREBP ) - binding and the effects of insulin and platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDL receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "sterol regulatory element binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 133]}, {"entity": "SREBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "platelet derived growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 215]}, {"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [218, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The D443N substitution is an activating mutation that increases the activity of SCAP and renders it resistant to inhibition by 25 - hydroxycholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "D443N substitution", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "SCAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional modulation of the anti - apoptotic protein BCL - XL by the paired box transcription factors PAX3 and PAX3 / FKHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - apoptotic protein BCL - XL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 67]}, {"entity": "paired box transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 107]}, {"entity": "PAX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "PAX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "FKHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 . 3 + / - 6 . 6 for risperidone ( P = 0 . 09 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This study shows that the annual rate of de novo aneurysm formation is relatively high ( 0 . 89 % ) and that the cumulative risk becomes significant after 9 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case myogenic factors are not initially expressed and these migratory cells are characterized by the expression of the paired - box gene Pax3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "paired", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Pax3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In those patients who before transplantation were serological negative for CMV but had received organs from CMV - IgG positive donors , the incidence of the disease was highest .", "entity": [{"entity": "CMV - IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fecal excretion is found to be only one third of that measured in urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ERD is recorded over the contralateral central region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the sequence of a 7941 bp DNA fragment from the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which contains four open reading frames ( ORFs ) of greater than 100 amino acid residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tax was demonstrated to interact directly with CREB1 but not with other bZIP proteins , including CREB2 and Jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "CREB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "bZIP proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "CREB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - five per cent of the dose was excreted as methyldopa as opposed to 18 % normally seen after oral methyldopa dosages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standing values : placebo 114 / 79 ; BHT - 933 92 / 67 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zoonotic areas in which HIV co - infection is common could also be at risk as sandflies can become infected from co - infected individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cases in which it was identified , insulitis affected 23 % of islets containing insulin , but affected only 1 % of islets which were insulin deficient , thus supporting the concept that insulitis represents an immunologically mediated destruction of insulin secreting B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [253, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each fusion leads , in principle , to the same effect : The ret tyrosine kinase is uncoupled from its stringent physiological regulation by replacement of its 5 ' end and is aberrantly activated by the 5 ' parts of fused genes in thyrocytes that do not normally express ret tyrosine kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ret tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "ret tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [270, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins PBP - 1 and PBP - 2 bind to two of the three promoter elements in the trypanosomatid Leptomonas seymouri .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "PBP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of interferon - alpha ( IFNalpha ) gene expression in virus - infected cells requires phosphorylation - induced activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "IFNalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "IRF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "IRF7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences of percentages for HIV - 1 infection in intravenous drug users ( IVDU ) were 67 . 7 % and in non IVDU were 3 . 8 % with a significant statistical difference ( chi 2 = 557 . 5 ; p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Humoral immunity is altered with the drop in IgG levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vicinity of large industrial emissions of lead , where mean Pb - B concentrations were usually twice as high as in rural areas of the Katowice voivodship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( control hearts ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , BCR ligation initiates a PI 3 - kinase / Akt / GSK - 3 signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Akt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "GSK - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of a new positive inotropic agent ( OPC - 8212 ) on intracellular potential of isolated canine ventricular papillary muscle", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several other signal transduction molecules also contain tandemly occurring SH3 and SH2 domains , the function of these closely spaced domains is not well understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same acoustic power , the rate of chloride formation with 20 kHz ultrasound was greater when a probe with a larger tip area was used , but significantly less than the rate with 900 kHz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report demonstrating specificity at the level of the energy coupling proteins of the PTS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The R260A mutant , as expected , was unable to support mRNA synthesis in vitro in a transcription reconstitution reaction as well as transcription in vivo of a minigenome using a reverse genetic approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , the QOLS - N had a lower correlation with physical health ( r = 0 . 24 , p < 0 . 000 ) and self - reported symptoms ( r = - 0 . 20 , p < 0 . 001 ) , and a higher correlation with mental health ( r = 0 . 52 , p < 0 . 000 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , a naturally occurring protein , has been implicated in the protection of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human epidermal growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated potassium stimulation of GAL mRNA was completely blocked , but pituitary adenylyl cyclase - activating polypeptide and histamine stimulations were only partially blocked , by cycloheximide .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "adenylyl cyclase - activating polypeptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA elements recognizing NF - Y and Sp1 regulate the human multidrug - resistance gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - Y", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "human multidrug - resistance gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We constructed a series of chimeric genes containing part of the first exon and increasingly longer 5 ' flanking sequences of the ODC gene fused to either bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) or luciferase reporter genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 198]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [201, 204]}, {"entity": "luciferase reporter genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate this possibility , we conducted split - visual - field studies in which we manipulated stimulus sets , recognition task , and exposure duration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like pimethixene and cyproheptadine , WA 335 has no distinct antagonistic qualities against bradykinin .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradykinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the mechanism of insulin receptor phosphorylation we have used NIH3T3 cells transfected with two receptor constructs : one encoding a chimeric receptor composed of the extracellular domain of the human EGF receptor and the cytosolic domain of the human insulin receptor beta - subunit , and a second construct encoding a kinase - defiecient human insulin receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "human EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 225]}, {"entity": "human insulin receptor beta - subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [258, 295]}, {"entity": "human insulin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [352, 374]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional simulations account for interactions of spatial frequency with stimulus duration , effects of adaptation , and properties of residual traces , as opposed to visual persistence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DNA fragment that complements the uvs - 2 mutation was subcloned by monitoring its ability to transform the uvs - 2 mutant to MMS resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "uvs - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "uvs - 2 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cell line expresses productively rearranged immunoglobulin genes as well as the Oct - 2 gene at high levels which are comparable to those observed in activated murine splenic B cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulin genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "Oct - 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Back - ground factors which affect the outcome of steroid withdrawal therapy in patients with chronic type B hepatitis - - statistical evaluation of the importance of the mode of HBV transmission", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of food on hemodynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTP1 - lacZ studies indicate that PTP1 is spatially localized to prestalk and anterior - like cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "PTP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphologic evidence that rhe renal calyx and pelvis control ureteric activity in the rabbit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH ) exists as a heterogeneous group of isozymes capable of oxidizing a wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human alcohol dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "ADH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reviewed 81 patients with dementia and autopsy findings of Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) to identify patients with seizures or myoclonus after onset of dementia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second system ( VacFix ) uses a 0 . 15 mm thick plastic bag loosely filled with 1 mm polysterol spheres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression in all lines was decreased by the inclusion of regions further upstream , and extinguished by the inclusion of the first intron .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the changes in the patient ' s thyroid scan and RAIU were attributable to the presence of TSAb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Laboratory Manual , 2nd ed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of a moderate buccal Class II tendency , 55 % of the molars were in a Class I relationship when evaluated from the lingual side , whereas 45 % belonged to mild ( 1st degrees ) Class II with molar rotations present in 81 % of the cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting score , which allowed the disease to be expressed as a continuous variable , was effectively utilized to see the correlations between the severity of coronary arterial disease ( CAD ) and individual risk factors / risk markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene encoding the cellulase ( Avicelase ) Cel1 from Streptomyces reticuli and analysis of protein domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellulase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "Avicelase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Cel1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A protein which promotes DNA strand transfer between linear double - stranded M13mp19 DNA and single - stranded viral M13mp19 DNA has been isolated from recA - E . coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "recA -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate that the enhancing effect of glucose and galactose on fructose absorption may be due to activation of the fructose carrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose carrier", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nutraceuticals of specific vitamins , minerals , phytoestrogens , and essential fatty acid supplementations are a vital component of the risk reduction health program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in V . furnissii , the E . coli manX equivalent comprises two genes , which are separated in the genome by two other genes of the ptsM complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "E . coli manX equivalent", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 54]}, {"entity": "ptsM complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An scrR promoter fragment , which dose not contain a sequence resembling OB , was not shifted by the fusion protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "scrR promoter fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 25]}, {"entity": "OB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 in progestin - inhibited cells led to the reappearance of the 120 - kDa active form of cyclin E - Cdk2 preceding the resumption of cell cycle progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin D1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We screened an A . thaliana cDNA library , whose inserts are under the control of the galactose - inducible GAL10 promoter , for cDNAs which enabled YDH8 cells to grow at the restrictive temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL10 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mouse alpha A - CRYBP1 gene specifies a 2 , 688 - amino acid protein with 72 % amino acid identity to its human homologue , PRDII - BF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse alpha A - CRYBP1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 31]}, {"entity": "PRDII - BF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis revealed that Hv - p68 belongs to the large family of FAD - dependent glucose methanol choline oxidoreductases and that it shares significant sequence identity ( > 67 % ) with the alcohol oxidases of the methylotrophic yeasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hv - p68", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "FAD - dependent glucose methanol choline oxidoreductases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 128]}, {"entity": "alcohol oxidases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we have reevaluated the age - related changes in serum leptin levels and their relationship with adiposity and androgen levels in a large group of community dwelling men .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum leptin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 - year and 2 - year survival rates for the patients with N0 - 3 significantly exceeded those of N4 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While reviewing gastric specimens from 215 baboons , we found diffuse giant mucosal folds in 2 specimens and multiple giant mucosal nodules in another 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphologically , corrugation of the internal elastic lamina of vessels was often observed in the vehicle - treated group , but was not prominent in the GLNVA - treated groups or healthy controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcripts initiating at the CAGT motif ( proximal transcripts ) were abolished by deletion of the proximal TATA box located at - 29 relative to CAGT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenomena of nursing are deeply rooted in the human condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronatine ( COR ) is a plasmid - encoded phytotoxin synthesized by several pathovars of phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coronatine", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "COR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has become clear that there is not one mediator responsible for ALI , but rather a complex interplay exists between diverse proinflammatory ( e . g . , lipopolysaccharide , complement products , cytocains , chemocains , reactive oxygen species and arachidonic acid products ) and anti - inflammatory ( IL - 10 , IL - 1 - RA , PGI2 ) mediators .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [305, 312]}, {"entity": "IL - 1 - RA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [315, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only will it substantially reduce incident cases of hepatitis B for the next decade , it will also provide a framework for the successful introduction of future adolescent vaccine initiatives in Australia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioactively labeled microspheres were used to determine and compare the hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) , nitroglycerin ( NTG ) , and deep enflurane anesthesia on oral tissues during controlled hypotension when compared with controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the MMF lesion is secondary to intramuscular injection of aluminium hydroxide - containing vaccines , shows both long - term persistence of aluminium hydroxide and an ongoing local immune reaction , and is detected in patients with systemic symptoms which appeared subsequently to vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advisory Committee report recommends that US make amends for human radiation experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An evaluation of a positive control for platelet neutralization procedure testing with seven commercial activated partial thromboplastin time reagents .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboplastin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission of mutans streptococci to infants following short term application of an iodine - NaF solution to mothers ' dentition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : ngd29 , an N - glycosylation mutant allelic to och1 having a defect in the initiation of outer chain formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ngd29", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "och1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no consensus on indications exists and , according to the literature , results are contradictory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of erythrosine ( Red 3 ) , rose bengal B ( Red 105 ) and thyroidectomy on the development of thyroid tumor were examined in male Wistar rats treated with N - bis ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) nitrosamine ( DHPN ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region surrounding the ZNF35 zinc finger protein gene on 3p21 is of particular interest , as this region of chromosome 3 is frequently involved in rearrangements and / or deletions associated with various human tumors including lung and renal carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZNF35 zinc finger protein gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , no change in the level of either p53 or activation of mdm2 protein by p53 was observed in hamster UV61 cells after UV exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "mdm2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT1 ) requires phosphorylation at both Y701 and a conserved PMS ( 727 ) P sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 73]}, {"entity": "STAT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is believed that the operation is effective because it cuts the spinothalamic tract ( STT ) , a primary pathway carrying nociceptive information from the spinal cord to the brain in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of experiments with mutant virus and transfection with isolated genes , the herpes simplex virus immediate - early gene product ICP4 is known to positively regulate the transcription of viral early and late genes and negatively regulate expression from its own promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "herpes simplex virus immediate - early gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 132]}, {"entity": "ICP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 145]}, {"entity": "viral early and late genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alcohol abuse and treatment resistance in skin disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that reduction in PRA may have contributed to the hemodynamic effects of this peak III PDE inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "peak III PDE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , studies using the A20 promoter demonstrated that LMP1 transcriptionally activates the A20 gene through cis - acting kappa B sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "A20 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "LMP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "A20 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "kappa B sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first 270 bp of the promoter region were sequenced and found to contain a CATAA box rather than a TATAA box and several DNA motifs found in activation genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated if signal - averaged low amplitude atrial potentials predict atrial fibrillation or flutter ( AFF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced expression caused by multimerization of UAS2 in the native promoter was observed only in the presence of ADR1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we tested whether activation by either of these factors is dependent on components of the SAGA complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAGA complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One child , recently fed , vomited a small amount of breast milk after a short period of crying and apparently had a laryngospasm , shown by a sudden drop in the PtcO2 level without any other signs of discomfort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The central venous O2 saturation test in acute pulmonary fat embolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such unique recognition capabilities are generated with minimal alterations in the CDR3 loops of the TCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence comparisons reveal that the P . woesei GTP - binding protein is strikingly related in sequence to eubacterial FtsZ and is marginally more similar to eukaryotic tubulins than are bacterial FtsZ proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "P . woesei GTP - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 69]}, {"entity": "eubacterial FtsZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 123]}, {"entity": "eukaryotic tubulins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "bacterial FtsZ proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional transection of both ADN eliminated the remaining sigmoidal correlation between MAP and RSNA with further increases in resting MAP and RSNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - talk between transcription factors NF - kappa B and C / EBP in the transcriptional regulation of genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "C / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FDP - 1 ( 200 micrograms . kg - 1 ) of intracoronary injection increased collateral flow , reduced systemic artery resistance , and coronary systolic pressure in infarcted region and the area of infarction decreased from 28 . 9 + / - 1 . 3 % to 15 . 3 + / - 1 . 2 % ( P < 0 . 01 , n = 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of these experiments indicated that charcoal , imbiber beads , and the anion exchanges resins , Dowex XFS - 4022 and Dowex SBR - C1 , would not be useful agents for increasing the amount of dieldrin eliminated via feces ( droppings ) of chickens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither raw nor retrograded resistant starch lowers fasting serum cholesterol concentrations in healthy normolipidemic subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A regression analysis showed that 86 % of the variance in weight gain was predicted by two leading indicators in the middle phase of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterologous hybridization with a rps12 gene specific probe from Euglena has revealed the presence of rps12 homologous sequences within the inverted repeat of Spirodela chloroplast DNA on the fragment BamHI - V .", "entity": [{"entity": "rps12 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "rps12 homologous sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 128]}, {"entity": "fragment BamHI - V", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 6 patients ( 9 kidneys ) irrigation with Solution G in the renal pelvis was performed for the dissolution of their infectious stones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derepression of RAR signaling by expressing a dominant - negative corepressor resulted in embryos that exhibited phenotypes similar to those treated by RA .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flux of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin - neuraminidase glycoprotein through the endoplasmic reticulum activates transcription of the GRP78 - BiP gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemagglutinin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "neuraminidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "GRP78", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "BiP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the final 11 amino acids there are 5 aromatic , 2 basic , and no acidic residues and it has been proposed that these residues stack with and electrostatically interact with the kinked DNA at the site of a pyrimidine dimer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of different temperatures between 13 degrees C and 45 degrees C on coagulation factors in vitro was studied by measuring clotting time with the recalcification time , partial thromboplastin time ( PTT ) , and thromboplastin time test .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboplastin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 203]}, {"entity": "thromboplastin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [223, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant propeptides containing mutations of one of the three tryptophan residues were three orders of magnitude less effective as inhibitors of mature cathepsin S than the wild - type propeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "mature cathepsin S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding alpha - subunits of guanine nucleotide - binding regulatory proteins ( G - proteins ) has revealed the existence of nine species of alpha - subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine nucleotide - binding regulatory proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 104]}, {"entity": "G - proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cases , a large fraction of soluble Al became insoluble in the stomach after ingestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free fraction of amitriptyline ( AT ) , measured by equilibrium dialysis in plasma from 29 AT - treated depressed patients , was 5 . 4 - 9 . 8 % ( mean 7 . 7 % ) , which was the same as the values in 26 healthy controls ( 4 . 9 - 9 . 6 % , mean 7 . 6 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prominent fracture of women older than 75 years is the hip fracture ( type II osteoporosis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AU - rich elements in the 3 ' - untranslated region of a new mucin - type gene family of Trypanosoma cruzi confers mRNA instability and modulates translation efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucin - type gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under anaerobic conditions ( a 50 - day experiment ) these organisms degraded 15 - 18 % of the TEM , 20 - 25 % of some alkanes , and 15 - 18 % of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They cause temporary disability , invalidity and mortality of a great part of the productive population , significantly damaging the economic status of the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then isolated the full - length coding region of the human BACH1 gene using expressed sequence tags , reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends .", "entity": [{"entity": "human BACH1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , wild - type and mutated DNA templates were used as probes in DNase I protection experiments to determine sites of protein - DNA interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS - - Postlumbar puncture headache may be mediated by the release of substance P triggered by lumbar puncture , in patients predisposed to headache by a hypersensitivity to substance P .", "entity": [{"entity": "substance P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "substance P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The repeats are highly conserved both within a given element as well as between different members of the family ( less than 10 % divergence ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are found to have several advantages over the conventional indices of skewness and kurtosis ( square root of b1 and b2 ) and no serious drawbacks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , CGGA - containing sequences placed at - 88 in the delta MTV - CAT reporter plasmid conferred insulin responsiveness to the mammary tumor virus promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "delta MTV - CAT reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 83]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "mammary tumor virus promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemorrheological evaluation and proposed pharmacological uses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of the endosteal bone formation rate was mainly impaired in D - depleted rats , resulting in trabecular bone loss , which , in - D mother rats , was associated with decreased bone ash and total bone calcium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical status was examined using erythrocyte enzyme function and blood vitamin levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Polycomb group proteins are involved in maintenance of the silenced state of several developmentally regulated genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polycomb group proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated interferon - beta ( IFN - beta ) silencer B motifs and a lysozyme silencer 1 motif have been found in the CD95 gene at approximately - 1 , 600 and - 1 , 100 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "IFN - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "lysozyme silencer 1 motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 91]}, {"entity": "CD95 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that Fus3p and Kss1p both control G1 arrest through multiple functions that operate in parallel with Far1p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fus3p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "Kss1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Far1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Id4 protein contains a HLH domain highly conserved among the dnHLH proteins from mouse and drosophila .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id4 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "dnHLH proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proliferative potential of the pilocytic astrocytoma : the relation between MIB - 1 labeling and clinical and neuro - radiological follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "MIB - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desensitization of the growth hormone - induced Janus kinase 2 ( Jak 2 ) / signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( Stat5 ) - signaling pathway requires protein synthesis and phospholipase C .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Janus kinase 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "Jak 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "signal transducer and activator of transcription 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 125]}, {"entity": "Stat5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "phospholipase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of our study was to determine whether exercise training can augment left ventricular diastolic filling at rest and during exercise in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and whether any correlation exists between changes in diastolic filling and changes in exercise tolerance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations in TCR - MHC contacts subsequent to cross - recognition of class I MHC and singly substituted peptide variants .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "class I MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scalp blood flow was recorded by a laser Doppler flow sensor that was incorporated in the transcutaneous PO2 electrode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an overall functional similarity between IL - 6 and c - fos promoters , since transfection of excess amounts of either promoter DNA into intact HeLa cells modulates the function of the heterologous promoter construct .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "c - fos promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed comparison of the sequences of cp35 and human calpactin II shows that the only substantial sequence dissimilarity is a domain encoding amino acids between residues 20 and 40 which includes a tyrosine phosphorylation site in the human molecule , along with other residues of possible physiological significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cp35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "human calpactin II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Power deposition by inverse - bremsstrahlung is modeled with a scheme based on Gaussian quadrature to accommodate a deposition rate whose spatial variation is highly nonuniform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and An . gambiae have both become more abundant during the 1970s and 1980s and sporozoite - positive specimens of both have been found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greer , and L . A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of Msx - 1 and Msx - 2 has been studied during development of the osteoblast phenotype , but the role of Dlx in this context and in the regulation of bone - expressed genes is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Msx - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Msx - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Dlx", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The salt sensitivity of the interaction indicated that two ion pairs are involved in the association of Zn2 + ( NC - F1 ) with polynucleotide , whereas one ion pair is found in the metal - free peptide - nucleic acid complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathologically , ( mice killed with high doses of GMC - II , given orally ) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver , parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium , and edema and emphysema of the lungs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations on the tegument of the trematode Megalodiscus temperatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall rate of biohydrogenation of C18 : 2 was 14 . 3 % / h , but declined 1 . 2 % / h for each percentage unit increase in C18 : 2 added to the substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient thyrotoxicosis in primary anti - phospholipid syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest TTX content is 10 . 0 microg / g in N . livescens .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BUR was set at 20 / min and the IT at . 5 seconds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of EM , we examined the effect of the drug on the expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules such as L - selectin and Mac - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - selectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "Mac - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains 31 exons and a high proportion of class 0 introns , alternative splicing of which results in significant levels of variant transcripts that maintain the original open reading frame of MRP mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "MRP mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This nuclear / organellar gene transfer event is strikingly similar to the experimentally accessible process of nuclear integration of introduced heterologous DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under control conditions , pretreatment with lithium during 7 days did not modify the hyperlocomotion produced by d - amphetamine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that the products of both the GIY - YIG ORF and the non - canonical LAGLI - DADG - GIY - YIG ORF , which is generated by its integration , have endonuclease activities which recognize and cut the insertion site of the optional sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "GIY - YIG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "LAGLI - DADG - GIY - YIG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article describes a program that resulted in a 75 - percent reduction of inventory over a five - year interval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk ratios decreased with increasing age and increased with number of breast biopsies , family history of breast cancer , estrogen use , time between screenings , no comparison with previous mammograms , and the radiologist ' s tendency to call mammograms abnormal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetics were best described by a two - compartment open model giving distribution half - lives of 0 . 31 h and 1 . 53 h , and elimination half - lives of 69 . 7 h and 60 . 3 h for oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the relative substrate specificity of RSK3 differed from that reported for other isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "RSK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates a novel link between alterations in platelet - derived growth factor ( PDGF ) regulation of ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ) expression during malignant conversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet - derived growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 92]}, {"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "ornithine decarboxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 139]}, {"entity": "ODC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fosinopril decreased blood pressure from 174 / 101 mm Hg to 149 / 88 mm Hg in patients with diastolic hypertension and from 182 / 86 mm Hg to 151 / 80 mm Hg in patients with ISH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "187 - 200 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of pRb or p107 binding results in the loss of transforming activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "pRb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "p107", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of huanglian used in combination with huangqin and gancao on the erythrocytic osmotic fragilitas of experimental glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in rats ] OBJECTIVE : To study the influence of common combination of Huanglian ( Coptis chinensis ) on the erythrocytic osmotic fragilitas of glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) deficiency in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 160]}, {"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [315, 352]}, {"entity": "G6PD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [355, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory receptors are characterized by the presence of a characteristic sequence known as an immunoreceptor tyrosine - based inhibitory motif ( ITIM ) in their cytoplasmic tail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of Healon and Amvisc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 , 4 - and 2 , 6 - toluenediamine in hydrolysed plasma and urine after test - chamber exposure of humans to 2 , 4 - and 2 , 6 - toluene diisocyanate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of the medical facilities in the prognosis of the patient with tetanus specially the importance of considering at the same time the severity of the disease and the characteristics of the therapy deserve further study in order to contribute to the development of the medical assistance to the patients with tetanus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction between the tobacco DNA - binding activity CBF and the cyt - 1 promoter element of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens T - DNA gene T - CYT correlates with cyt - 1 directed gene expression in multiple tobacco tissue types .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "cyt - 1 promoter element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 91]}, {"entity": "T - CYT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "cyt - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that repetitive GAA sequences enhance splicing by binding a protein complex containing a sequence - specific RNA binding protein and a general splicing activator that , in turn , recruit additional SR proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "SR proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organization of exons suggests that , similar to the human VEGF gene , alternative splicing generates the 120 - , 164 - , and 188 - amino acid isoforms , but does not predict a fourth VEGF isoform corresponding to human VEGF206 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human VEGF gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 68]}, {"entity": "VEGF isoform", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "human VEGF206", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The papers provide a broad perspective of MPAs and include social , economic , cultural , biological and statistical components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The great cardiac vein flow became zero due to the cardiac arrest and remained at zero for a moment ( dead time ) after the initiation of reperfusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that histamine - 2 receptor activation mechanisms may not be involved in postoperative IL - 6 synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine - 2 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Issues discussed include the validity of the MMPI Mf scale , questions of sample representativeness , whether \" straights \" can do adequate research on homosexuality , differences in heterosexual and homosexual sexuality , the role of subculture acculturation in homosexual psychological adjustment , and the use of cluster - analysis to generate typologies of homosexualities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that some defects observed in BS , WS or RTS are the consequence of unrestrained recombination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LAC9 is a DNA - binding protein that regulates transcription of the lactose - galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAC9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lactose - galactose regulon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some cells were excited , others inhibited by , and only some were directionally sensitive to the optomotor stimulus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have cloned the cDNA for the SLBP from humans , mice , and frogs , using the recently developed yeast three - hybrid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "SLBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular event ( s ) underlying the functional specificities of these receptors ( in regulating the expression of their native target genes ) is a very important issue that remains poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternative splicing of the human serotonin transporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human serotonin transporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear proteins bound the cad + 55 / + 75 element in a cell cycle - dependent manner in electromobility shift assays ; antibodies specific to USF and Max blocked the DNA - binding activity of different growth - regulated protein - DNA complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cad + 55 / + 75 element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "USF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "Max", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Thermus strain ZO5 dihydroorotase ( DHOase ; encoded by pyrC ) , the highest similarity scores ( about 40 % identity ) were obtained with DHOases from B . caldolyticus and Bacillus subtilis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZO5 dihydroorotase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "DHOase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "pyrC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "DHOases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference between SP - 1 and SP - 2 peptides was not due to their differential uptake by cell , since approximately 100 times more SP - 2 peptide could be found in cytoplasmic extracts than SP - 1 peptide in experiments using radiolabeled peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "SP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "SP - 2 peptides", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "SP - 2 peptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "SP - 1 peptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The product of one gene , Bv80 , has a single divergent copy of a sequence of 149 amino acids ( approx .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bv80", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carboxy - proximal regions of the VP1 , which contain very low amino acid homology , displayed evidence of conservation in structural features such as a hydrophilic , highly basic domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "VP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequences at - 10 and - 35 relative to the transcriptional starting site showed 55 % homology with the consensus sequences of the Escherichia coli sigma 70 - type promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Escherichia coli sigma 70 - type promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two ORFs had significant similarity with the putative replication protein from plasmid pTiK12 of Thiobacillus intermedius and other CoIE2 - related plasmids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical double - blind trial of topical miconazole and clotrimazole against superficial fungal infections and erythrasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lumbar spine bone mineral density ( BMD ) by dual - energy X - ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) increased by 0 . 6 % , 3 . 6 % and 8 . 1 % after 48 weeks in groups L , M and H respectively , responses in groups M and H being significantly higher than in L ( p < 0 . 05 , Mann - Whitney U - test ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genomic clone representing the 5 ' part of the message was also isolated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unusual behaviour may be explained by the 18 amino acid - long CDR - H3 and could be of value in the design of ' single domain ' antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "18 amino acid - long CDR - H3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bleeding was successfully prevented in 28 patients with the use of a combined treatment incorporating IV desmopressin , an antifibrinolytic agent ( tranexamic acid ) , and local methods ( surgical glue and compression techniques ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the genes are transcribed separately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Systemic factors that increase bone mineral density appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament , and these factors may be activated after middle age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FdsR purified to homogeneity after overexpression of fdsR in E . coli is a 130 kDa homotetramer binding to the fds control region located between the fdsR and fdsG genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "FdsR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "fdsR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "fds", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "fdsR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "fdsG genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgical methods in the treatment of rhinophyma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adeno - associated virus type 2 ( AAV - 2 ) Rep78 / Rep68 regulatory proteins are pleiotropic effectors of viral and cellular DNA replication , of cellular transformation by viral and cellular oncogenes , and of homologous and heterologous gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rep78", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Rep68", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that Spb1p is able to bind [ ( 3 ) H ] AdoMet in vitro , suggesting that it is a novel methylase , whose possible substrates will be discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spb1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low temperature ( 8 degrees C ) impairs secretory activity , again independently of the photoperiod selected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that weight gain or increased caloric intake , in contrast to its large effect on peripheral thyroid function , has relatively little effect on CNS TRH activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNS TRH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 ( HPK1 ) is a member of the mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase ( MAP4K ) family and an upstream activator of the c - Jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) signaling cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "HPK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 117]}, {"entity": "MAP4K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "c - Jun N - terminal kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 195]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the outcome of patients with uterine MMMT is mainly influenced by the initial stage and the type of epithelial component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased susceptibility of aphasics to a distractor task in the recall of verbal commands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that inhibition occurs with a NS1 - Rev chimera in which the 78 amino - terminal amino acids of the NS1A protein comprising its entire RNA - binding domain is deleted , thereby establishing that this carboxyl portion of the NS1A protein can function as an independent effector domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "NS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Rev", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "NS1A protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "NS1A protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [237, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that conjugated estrogens , which contain several vasoactive estrogenic compounds , may favorably influence the vasomotor response to acetylcholine in men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calcium bilirubinate crystals were seen in gallbladder bile or wall scrapings of 7 of 8 TPN animals but in none of the controls ( P less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because c - myb encodes a transcriptional activator that functions via DNA binding , it is likely that c - myb exerts its biological activity by regulating the transcription of genes required for DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "c - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alcohol and stomach diseases", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus integration host factor is required for normal type 1 fimbriae phase variation in E . coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "integration host factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 28]}, {"entity": "type 1 fimbriae", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple attempts aimed at disruption of the chromosomal fabG gene were unsuccessful .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromosomal fabG gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our case the development of the tumor at the posterior side of the prostate , the lack of PSA immunoreactivity and the presence of mucinous glands , sometimes \" endocervical - like \" , could suggest an origin from embryonic mullerian remnants in the prostatic utricle rather than urogenital sinus .", "entity": [{"entity": "PSA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the DNA - binding and transcriptional activation functions of human Fli - 1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Fli - 1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second patient was successfully treated with intravenous prostaglandin F2 alpha ( PGF2 alpha ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salts of these four metal ions may be added to the growth medium to facilitate selective isolation of Acinetobacter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN - - A randomised double blind placebo controlled parallel arm trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Base substitutions within this NFIL - 6 site resulted in virtual elimination of LPS - induced IL - 1 beta gene transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFIL - 6 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "IL - 1 beta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different clinical variants of the empty sella turcica syndrome are demonstrated , including variants resultant from substitution therapy of thyroid hypofunction , from dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism , from radiotherapy of hypophyseal adenoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated time course studies in the same patient were reproducible although the absolute concentrations showed some variation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that association of TBP with the TATA box may be regulated , directly or indirectly , by a substrate of Snf1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Snf1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis of the T4 endonuclease V gene : role of lysine - 130 .", "entity": [{"entity": "T4 endonuclease V gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations of velocities , vorticity , pressure and certain stress values were developed by a computer and displayed for man - machine interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results implicate Fal1p in the 18S rRNA maturation pathway rather than in translation initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fal1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "18S rRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRAF2 has previously been demonstrated to activate both transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB ( NFkappaB ) and the c - Jun N - terminal kinase / stress - activated protein kinase ( JNK / SAPK ) pathway , which in turn stimulates transcription factor activating protein 1 ( AP1 ) mainly via phosphorylation of the c - Jun component .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRAF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "nuclear factor kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 98]}, {"entity": "NFkappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "c - Jun N - terminal kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 147]}, {"entity": "stress - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 183]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "SAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 196]}, {"entity": "transcription factor activating protein 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [234, 275]}, {"entity": "AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [278, 281]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [318, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial , endocardial , and M cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data suggest that compromised fibrinolytic capacity may be a contributing factor in the development of thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human psychophysical analysis of receptive field - like properties - - II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , agonist action at a 5 - HT1 receptor and antagonist action at 5 - HT2 receptors both appear to contribute to antidepressant - like activity on the DRL 72 - s schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT1 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "5 - HT2 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heliox improves pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow in nonintubated patients with severe asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response surface methodology was employed to describe the relationship between soman - induced incapacitation and the ATR / DZ or ATR / SCP dosages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both DMP2 and DMP3 are closely localized on mouse chromosome 5q21 , corresponding to human chromosome 4q21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "DMP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A kinetic model for 99mTc - DMSA in the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with the up - regulation of the cAMP response element modulator protein ( CREM ) mRNA and protein levels demonstrated previously in CREB mutant mice , we suggest that the up - regulation of CREB beta may also contribute to compensation within the CREB / ATF family of transcription factors , when CREB delta and CREB alpha are absent .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP response element modulator protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 80]}, {"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "CREB mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "CREB beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [263, 266]}, {"entity": "CREB delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [306, 316]}, {"entity": "CREB alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [321, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the effect of the cAMP signal transduction pathway on transcription of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of glucose - 6 - phosphatase ( G6Pase ) , G6Pase - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) fusion genes were transiently transfected into either the liver - derived HepG2 or kidney - derived LLC - PK cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 150]}, {"entity": "G6Pase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "G6Pase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 170]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 206]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural intestinal defects are presumed to be the result of defective collagen synthesis in these hereditary connective tissue disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Letter : Dehydrated test strip for the detection of yeasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galactorrhoea is a rare presentation of an empty sella syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transition from expression of early meiotic genes to expression of middle sporulation - specific genes occurs at about the time that cells exit from pachytene and form the meiosis I spindle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations away from splice site recognition sequences might cis - modulate alternative splicing of goat alpha s1 - casein transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha s1 - casein transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These Tlr family members , unlike others reported to date , were identified within a genomic database .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tlr family members", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fig1p and Fig2p are likely to act at the cell surface as Fig1 : : beta - gal and Fig2 : : beta - gal fusion proteins localize to the periphery of mating cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fig1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Fig2p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Fig1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "beta - gal", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "Fig2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "beta - gal fusion proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is little supportive evidence that ACE inhibitors ( captopril or enalapril ) are teratogenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase in myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yjr041c delta haploid cells gave rise to microcolonies comprising about 20 to 50 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "yjr041c delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean latency periods were 29 . 6 among insulators , 35 . 4 among dock workers , 43 . 7 in a heterogeneous group defined as various , 46 . 4 in non - shipbuilding industry workers , 49 . 4 in shipyard workers , 51 . 7 among women with a history of domestic exposure to asbestos , and 56 . 2 in people employed in maritime trades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of dietary supplementation with Streptococcus faecium M - 74 on broiler body weight , feed conversion , carcass characteristics , and intestinal microbial colonization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two plasmids , one containing the amino terminus of P fused to the DNA - binding domain of the yeast transactivator , GAL4 , and the other containing the amino terminus of NP fused to the herpesvirus transactivator , VP16 , were transfected in COS - 1 cells along with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter plasmid containing GAL4 DNA - binding sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "NP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 174]}, {"entity": "VP16", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [271, 304]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 310]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [341, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 - Nitroindazole ( 7NI ) , a relatively selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( nNOS ) inhibitor . was intraperitoneally administered to the guinea pigs 30 minutes before the onset of local anoxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide synthase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 81]}, {"entity": "nNOS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New protein - free products for diet therapy in chronic renal insufficiency", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of cytokine gene polymorphisms on outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human protein binds most strongly to the SH3 domain from the abl proto - oncogene .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "abl proto - oncogene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adequacy of the Haldane transformation in the computation of exercise V O2 in man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Covariates were lower extremity range of motion and sensory status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like troponin Cs and calmodulins , PfCPK also contains four EF hand calcium - binding motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "troponin Cs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "calmodulins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "PfCPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roller pumps , coronary suction and an open cardiotomy reservoir were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Akt - dependent antiapoptotic action of insulin is sensitive to farnesyltransferase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Akt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LT - beta transcription is maximal in the thymic medulla and in splenic white pulp .", "entity": [{"entity": "LT - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrastructure and toxin formation of Cor . diphtheriae PW - 8 cultured in the presence of penicillin", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that the various subunits of the human P - TEFb complex may play distinct roles at multiple stages to mediate Tat activation of HIV - 1 transcription elongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - TEFb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organelles synthesize their own set of Fe / S proteins , and they initiate the generation of extramitochondrial Fe / S proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe / S proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "extramitochondrial Fe / S proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ras involvement in signal transduction by the serotonin 5 - HT2B receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "serotonin 5 - HT2B receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Engineering temperature - sensitive SH3 domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orlistat is a specific lipase inhibitor that impairs fat absorption , thereby reducing fat uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identify YY1 recognition sequences within the vitamin D response element ( VDRE ) of the osteocalcin gene that are critical for YY1 - dependent repression of vitamin D - enhanced promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "YY1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "YY1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nine subjects were treated in random sequence with cimetidine 0 - 8 - 1 - 0 g on one day and placebo capsules on the other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORF3 encodes a putative periplasmic c - type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 94 , 000 Da and contains seven c - heme - binding motifs but shows no sequence homology to occ or ORF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "periplasmic c - type cytochrome", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 55]}, {"entity": "occ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutant strain carries three tandem copies of the 18 bp sequence that is duplicated in the amdI66 mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amdI66", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rat anococcygeus muscle was used in postsynaptic studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPV E1 and E2 proteins along with cellular factors , are required for replication of the viral genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple organ failure ( MOF ) following major trauma occurs in response to perfusion deficits , a persistent inflammatory focus , or a persistent focus of dead and / or injured tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( i ) Several ribosomal proteins were synthesized in substantial excess .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that camptothecin resistance in CEM / DOX cells is due to different mechanism ( s ) than topoisomerase - or P - glycoprotein - associated multidrug resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "topoisomerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "P - glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detection limits obtained by using the mixed eluent were 0 . 05 - 0 . 13 mg / L , several times lower than those obtained by using single KHPh eluent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the fabrication of single - molecule transistors based on individual C60 molecules connected to gold electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of gut fermentation , a substantial portion ( 16 - 80 % ) of N is absorbed as ammonia N ( NH3N ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 min postalfentanil , N2O caused significantly more rigidity than 100 % O2 ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , CIS failed to affect the IL - 9 response .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "IL - 9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , PMA - , PDGF - , and serum - induced GHR proteolysis was associated with substantial decreases in GH - induced activation of Janus kinase - 2 , which were also prevented by IC3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "GHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "Janus kinase - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The centromeric dodeca - satellite of Drosophila forms altered DNA structures in vitro in which its purine - rich strand ( G - strand ) forms stable fold - back structures , while the complementary C - strand remains unstructured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Aspergillus uvsH gene encodes a product homologous to yeast RAD18 and Neurospora UVS - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspergillus uvsH gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "yeast RAD18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "Neurospora UVS - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data also suggest the existence of a mechanism by which regulatory subunits modulate the PI 3 - kinase - mediated signals , independent of the kinase activity , possibly through subcellular localization of the catalytic subunit or interaction with additional signaling molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A continuous - flow BIPAP system consists of a high - flow CPAP system , a reservoir bag , and a pneumatically controlled membrane valve in the expiratory limb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that the exposure to sulphur mustard results in very low androgen levels and hypo - responsiveness to GnRH in the first five weeks and normalization by the twelfth week after injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A3B3 domain had a mass of 34 , 462 , with a glycosylation mass of 14 , 900 , in good agreement with seven N - linked glycosylation sites of average mass 2100 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we prospectively compared side effects occurring in 12 patients after the first administration of low - dose OKT3 ( 0 . 5 mg twice daily ) induction therapy with those in 10 patients who were treated with a conventional dose of OKT3 ( 5 mg daily ) for acute rejection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma prolactin concentrations during incubation , 25 . 8 + / - 2 . 3 ng / ml , decreased to baseline levels , 10 . 8 + / - 1 . 9 ng / ml , within 24 hr after nestbox removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that resting Tl - 201 scintigraphy has limited value in the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with Hurler syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exit from mitosis in Drosophila syncytial embryos requires proteolysis and cyclin degradation , and is associated with localized dephosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , residues 273 to 287 , which are identical in sequence to a 15 - amino - acid segment near the carboxy terminus of the simian foamy virus transcriptional activator Taf , can independently enhance the activity of the minimal activator region .", "entity": [{"entity": "simian foamy virus transcriptional activator Taf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of buthionine sulfoximine ( BSO ) and disulfiram ( DSF ) on the urotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide ( CPA ) was examined in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Six instruments were reviewed : the Berg Balance Scale ( Berg ) , the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance ( CTSIB ) , the Functional Reach Test , the Tinetti Balance Test of the Performance - Oriented Assessment of Mobility Problems ( Tinetti ) , the Timed \" Up and Go \" Test ( TU & GT ) , and the Physical Performance Test ( PPT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The side effect of pulmonary fibrosis occurs in 20 to 30 percent of patients receiving this drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 47 women with AGCUS , 16 had intraepithelial or invasive neoplasms ( 34 % ; 95 % confidence interval , 21 - 49 % ) , including 9 low or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions , 1 adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix , 3 adenocarcinomas of the cervix , 2 adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and 1 adenoid basal cell carcinoma of the cervix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , these \" activation - defective \" mutants segregated into two classes : 1 ) those that were unable to form dimers but that could still form higher order oligomers and transform cells , and 2 ) those that were defective for PDGF - R binding and were transformation - incompetent .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDGF - R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus in this study we used in vitro methods to directly evaluate whether isolated human saphenous vein segments respond to vasoconstrictor agents at arterial pressure levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic Southern blot analysis suggests that the human haploid genome contains a single Gs alpha gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gs alpha gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four cDNAs ( Kox4 , Kox7 , Kox12 , and Kox15 ) were identified that match one or more genomic clones ; these matches were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kox4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Kox7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "Kox12", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Kox15", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facilitation started preceding the onset of electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication is a rare event during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING - - Hospital laboratories in the United States submitting pneumococcal isolates to the CDC between October 1 , 1991 , and September 30 , 1992 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether transcription of orfX and vfr are controlled by the same mechanisms that control transcription of the region of the divergent ORF ( dorf ) and of crp , we compared the vfr - orfX and crp - dorf intergenic regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "vfr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "crp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 170]}, {"entity": "vfr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 192]}, {"entity": "crp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotransfection with C / EBPbeta and GATA - 1 expression vectors produced a 5 - fold increase compared with cotransfection with the C / EBPbeta or GATA - 1 expression vectors individually .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBPbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "GATA - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "C / EBPbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "GATA - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these clones encodes Xenopus N - ras .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xenopus N - ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighteen patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck were entered into a phase II trial of N - Methylformamide ( NMF ) , 800 mg / M2 IV daily for 5 days every 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total body water and distribution space of Na24 in women with various body weight", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient cotransfection analyses indicate that the cooperative association of NF - IL - 6 and RelA with the IL - 8 promoter results in synergistic transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "RelA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "IL - 8 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sera from 33 newborn infants with gestational ages ranging from 27 to 41 weeks were tested by radioimmunoassay for IgG antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci ( GBS ) types Ia , Ib , II and III .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On average , rCMRglc values were 23 % below control values for all regions studied , with the greatest differences in posterior brain regions ( visual association cortex , primary visual cortex , and parietal cortex ) and thalamus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NF1 family members and HNF4 interacted with overlapping sequences of the L - II element , wherein the 5 ' half - site was more critical for NF1 binding , and the 3 ' site was more important for HNF4 binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF1 family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "HNF4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "NF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "HNF4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shear bond strength recorded for the Novabond system was significantly lower ( 17 MPa ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IR4 ORF exhibits significant homology to the immediate - early gene US1 ( ICP22 ) of herpes simplex virus type 1 and to the ICP22 homologs of varicella - zoster virus ( ORF63 ) , pseudorabies virus ( RSp40 ) , and equine herpesvirus 4 ( ORF4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "immediate - early gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "US1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "ICP22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "ICP22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "ORF63", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 178]}, {"entity": "RSp40", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psoriasis on tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VP4 differentially regulates TRAF2 signaling , disengaging JNK activation while directing NF - kappa B to effect rotavirus - specific cellular responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "VP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "TRAF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the autopsy findings , in 5 out of the remaining 23 expired patients , Legionella pneumonia seemed to be successfully treated , but other disease or other bacterial pneumonia put an end to the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a prevalence of eating disorders of 5 . 9 % ( lifetime prevalence of 10 % ) , irrespective of gender and type of diabetes ; 4 . 1 % of the whole sample reported intentional insulin undertreatment or omission .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NER was also measured by a plasmid host cell re - activation assay using a vector containing a luciferase reporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase reporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , like TUB , it has a wider pattern of tissue expression than either TULP1 or TULP2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TUB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "TULP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "TULP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accuracy and predictive value of ultrasound in acute rejection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moist healing versus wet - to - dry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flicker thresholds were measured from 1 to 40 Hz with a vertical - line target used for the asynchrony thresholds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the same decreases or increases in MAP , RSNA was attenuated after 15 and 30 min of propofol infusion in both groups compared with control ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ganglia are cysts which frequently occur in the proximity of joints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fractional Ca retention was measured from the 72 - h postdose WBR divided by WBR at time 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity was reconstituted , however , by combining fractions that were enriched in the two components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute morphine treatment did not increase the locomotor activity of mice withdrawn for 1 day , after withdrawal for 3 days the increase was similar to that in controls , and after 5 days the increase was clearly larger than in controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant and specific reduction in binaural peak amplitude and area of the echo - evoked middle - latency component Pa was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - dialyzable transfer factor", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene 1 of the murine coronavirus , MHV - A59 , encodes approximately 800 kDa of protein products within two overlapping open reading frames ( ORFs 1a and 1b ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene 1 of the murine coronavirus , MHV - A59", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stress thallium - 201 myocardial imaging was used in two angina - free patients with severe congestive heart failure to identify clinically silent areas of ischemic myocardium and to distinguish between scar and reversibly ischemic myocardium as a cause for akinesia of left ventricular wall segments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand this dramatic effect , we examined the localization of SR proteins and found that SC35 was shifted to the cytoplasm in sky1Delta yeast , although this phenomenon was not obvious with ASF / SF2 , indicating that nuclear import of SR proteins may be differentially regulated by phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SR proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "SC35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "sky1Delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "ASF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 200]}, {"entity": "SF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "SR proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [243, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GH stimulated the activity of promoter fragments with 5 ' - ends between nucleotide ( nt ) - 2001 and nt - 653 by 1 . 9 - to 2 . 7 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 6 . 5 - kb genomic fragment contains the complete coding region of MyoD , distributed over three exons , plus 2 . 3 kb of 5 ' - noncoding sequence and 1 . 4 kb of 3 ' - noncoding sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "MyoD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations demonstrate that KSR is capable of uncoupling the MAP kinase activation from its target phosphorylation , and thus provide a novel mechanism for modulating the Ras - MAP kinase signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "KSR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1985 the combination of chlorambucil ( 10 mg daily , initially for six weeks , then alternating fortnights for 12 weeks ) and interferon - alpha 2b ( Schering - Plough ; 2 x 10 ( 6 ) U / m2 three times weekly by subcutaneous injection for 18 weeks ) has been compared in a randomised trial with chlorambucil alone in previously untreated patients with stage III or IV follicular lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon - alpha 2b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation of alpha activity between the frontal and occipital cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , the majority were located within three short sequences at the N terminus , middle , and C terminus that are phylogenetically conserved among all known eubacterial and chloroplast versions of this protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All other cysts showed a unilocular , purely cystic pattern , with homogeneous fluids , although the T2 relaxation times of four lesions overlapped those of odontogenic keratocysts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Processing MES data requires large bit manipulations and heavy memory storage requirements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant caspases are typically produced in Escherichia coli expression systems with the attendant problems of solubilization , re - folding and activation of the protease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant caspases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear runoff assays show that complementation by HPV16 E7 restores the ability of the E1A mutants to stimulate early gene expression at the level of transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPV16 E7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "E1A mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "early gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of deferoxamine B on the blood sugar behavior in intravenous glucose loading in healthy persons", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constructs containing fragments of the upstream region of the cytotactin gene fused to a promoterless gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were transiently transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts to define functional promoter sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytotactin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the human erythrocyte P4 . 2 , mouse erythrocyte P4 . 2 contains regions strikingly homologous with the transglutaminase ( TGase ) proteins although it too most likely lacks TGase crosslinking activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "human erythrocyte P4 . 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 33]}, {"entity": "mouse erythrocyte P4 . 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate for Arm III ( CAF therapy ) was 61 . 5 % ( 32 / 52 ) , a little higher than that for the other two .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CHL 1 ( CTF 1 ) gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for chromosome transmission and normal cell cycle progression in G2 / M .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHL 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "CTF 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the function of these putative SL structures in RNA translation by constructing chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) RNAs , flanked either by both 5 ' - and 3 ' - terminal sequence domains from the RV genome or several deletion derivatives of the same sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 139]}, {"entity": "( CAT ) RNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutating this sequence eliminated complex formation and markedly reduced basal and cAMP - dependent promoter activity of transfected reporter genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average cumulative UVA dose was 65 J / cm2 ; 40 patients had received more than 200 J / cm2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of the composite H - PK / Tag and SV - PK / Tag transgenes by a carbohydrate - rich diet in the liver was similar to that of the endogenous L - PK gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "H - PK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Tag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "SV - PK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Tag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "endogenous L - PK gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For routine medical applications , no sophisticated adjustment of the CHESS pulse is needed , as reported in previous methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the cloning of the hemF gene , encoding the aerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase from Escherichia coli , by functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae HEM13 mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemF gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "coproporphyrinogen III oxidase from Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 119]}, {"entity": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae HEM13 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy of probiotic feed additives : guidelines for the evaluation of the efficiency of microorganisms in dogs , cats , and horses ] Probiotic microorganisms are frequently in use as feed additives for farm and pet animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed the contribution of the three different types of UV - inducible mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinases ( ERK , JNK / SAPK , and p38 ) to the activation of the murine uPA promoter by UV .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 119]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "SAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "uPA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest age adjusted differences between men with low and normal mood were for the AH4 ( 3 points , t = 5 . 6 , p < 0 . 0001 ) and the CAMCOG ( 2 points , t = 5 . 8 , p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleotide sequencing revealed a 2076 - base pair open reading frame encoding a 692 - amino acid protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HrpE is similar to YscL of Yersinia spp .", "entity": [{"entity": "HrpE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "YscL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean total homocysteine ( tHcy ) was 21 . 1 + / - 9 . 5 micromol / L and median concentration was 19 micromol / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To facilitate the characterization of NF - E2 functions in human cells , we isolated cDNAs encoding two members of the small Maf family , MafK and MafG .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "small Maf family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "MafK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "MafG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immediate 5 ' - flanking region was GC - rich with 3 SP - 1 - like and 2 AP - 2 sites identified in close proximity to the transcription start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "SP - 1 - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "AP - 2 sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ZAG1 protein from in vitro translations binds to a consensus target site that is recognized by the AG protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZAG1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "AG protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone scintigraphy is an excellent screening test for bone lesions and Ga - 67 scintigraphy is a useful tool for detecting inflammatory lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this first - person account , the author chronicles her experience of being mentally ill and homeless in New York and New Jersey in the early 1980s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics of skin penetration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dmyd clone encodes a polypeptide of 332 amino acids with 82 % identity to MyoD in the 41 amino acids of the putative helix - loop - helix region and 100 % identity in the 13 amino acids of the basic domain proposed to contain the essential recognition code for muscle - specific gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dmyd", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "MyoD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enterotoxin production by staphylococci isolated from foods in France .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding sites were mapped for each factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of these cells were also OKT4 positive ( helper / inducer T lymphocytes ) , while the minority were OKT8 positive ( suppressor / cytotoxic T lymphocytes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "OKT4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "OKT8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicological effects of dietary Maillard reaction products in the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All relapses occurred within the first year and were confined to patients with PS II disease and four or more sites of involvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These patients developed severe diabetic symptoms including glucose intolerance , weight loss , impaired energy utilization , and nerve and brain disorders that were refractory to insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buserelin offers an effective alternative medical treatment of carcinoma of the prostate and , apart from impotence , does not have the side effects of oestrogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BCV mRNAs 5 and 5 - 1 appear to be used for the synthesis of the 12 . 7 - and 9 . 5 - kDa proteins , respectively , which demonstrates a pattern of expression strikingly different from that utilized by MHV .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCV mRNAs 5 and 5 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this observation , introduction of Smad sites into a TGFbeta - insensitive LEF1 / TCF target gene confers cooperative TGFbeta and Wnt responsiveness to the promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smad sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "TGFbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "LEF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "TCF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "TGFbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "Wnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase ( VV - T3pol ) or the Escherichia coli lac repressor ( VV - lacI ) under control of the early - late vaccinia promoter P7 . 5 were constructed .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 77]}, {"entity": "VV - T3pol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Escherichia coli lac repressor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 130]}, {"entity": "VV - lacI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "early - late vaccinia promoter P7 . 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tritiated 1 , 24 , 25 - trihydroxyvitamin D3 was synthesized biologically and used as tracer to monitor the recovery of endogenous metabolite during isolation from serum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we have examined whether PTP1B effects transformation induced by p210 bcr - abl .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTP1B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "p210", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "bcr", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "abl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examines LEIBNIZ ' idea of Veterinary medicine in a biographical context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Internalization of prolactin receptor and prolactin in transfected cells does not involve nuclear translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the conflict drinking test as a model , we studied in rats the effect of the nonselective beta - adrenoceptor blockers pindolol and cyanopindolol which bind to 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT1B receptors , and of the selective beta 1 - and beta 2 - adrenoceptor antagonists betaxolol and ICI 118 , 551 , respectively , which have a negligible affinity for 5 - HT receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - adrenoceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "5 - HT1A and 5 - HT1B receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 197]}, {"entity": "beta 1 - and beta 2 - adrenoceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 255]}, {"entity": "5 - HT receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [350, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rewarding properties of methylphenidate : sensitization by prior exposure to the drug and effects of dopamine D1 - and D2 - receptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine D1 - and D2 - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we have demonstrated that mouse microglial cells , the brain macrophages , express both IL - 15 and IL - 15 / IL - 2 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 15", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "IL - 15 / IL - 2 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Children with attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ; n = 282 ) , all subtypes , ages 6 to 12 years , were randomized to placebo ( n = 90 ) , immediate - release methylphenidate ( IR MPH ) 3 times a day ( tid ; dosed every 4 hours ; n = 97 ) , or OROS MPH once a day ( qd ; n = 95 ) in a double - blind , 28 - day trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell sloughing with proparacaine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possibility to use this method for common diagnostic problems is indicated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame is significantly homologous to the HSV 1 UL49 . 5 gene product , and as with UL49 . 5 , it contains a potential signal sequence and transmembrane domain characteristic of membrane - associated proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSV 1 UL49 . 5 gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 121]}, {"entity": "UL49 . 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female Wistar rats receiving alcohol ( 5 % ) in drinking water during lactation ( N = 7 ) were compared to normal controls fed ad libitum ( N = 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suspected pelvic endometriosis was prospectively evaluated in 31 women with T1 - and T2 - weighted conventional spin - echo ( CSE ) magnetic resonance imaging alone and in combination with T1 - weighted fat - suppressed ( T1FS ) and gadolinium - enhanced T1FS ( Gd - T1FS ) spin - echo techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eph receptors and their membrane - associated ephrin ligands regulate cell - cell interactions during development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eph receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "ephrin ligands", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of factors known as activating transcription factors ( ATF ) have been found to bind to the latter and related sequences found upstream of early adenovirus promoters induced by E1A , and these factors are highly homologous to the CREB protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "activating transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 60]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 188]}, {"entity": "CREB protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [238, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vk8 / Jk2 and Vk1 / Jk5 rearrangements encoded the respective L chain V - regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vk8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Jk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "Vk1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Jk5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "L chain V - regions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analysis of the c - kit 5 ' flanking region using the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene ( CAT assay ) in human erythroleukemia HEL cells , which express the endogenous c - kit mRNA at high levels , showed that a region from - 180 to - 22 is important for the expression of the c - kit gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - kit 5 ' flanking region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 46]}, {"entity": "bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 105]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "c - kit mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 198]}, {"entity": "c - kit gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [295, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative analysis of 1 - alpha - acetylmethadol and its principal metabolites in biological specimens by gas chromatography - chemical ionization - multiple ion monitoring mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following immunization of transgenic mice , hybrid molecules were isolated from B cell DNA which contained the transgene recombined with the endogenous IgH locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "endogenous IgH locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( LH P < 0 . 05 , LH / FSH P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 4]}, {"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "FSH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that expression of KRAB domain suppresses in vivo the activating function of various defined activating transcription factors , and we demonstrate that the KRAB domain specifically silences the activity of promoters whose initiation is dependent on the presence of a TATA box .", "entity": [{"entity": "KRAB domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "activating transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 138]}, {"entity": "KRAB domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the renal cortex , spleen , distal colon , ileum , gallbladder , and stomach body , regional O2 delivery was significantly decreased with hemodilution to 20 % in both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the 19 women with probable RA and 100 of the 116 women with definite RA met the 1987 criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to the need for better quantitative estimates of the regional distribution of the active bone marrow organ in infants and children , a method using various anatomical data has been developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus the Hi - RARE represents a new type of RA response element with a role in the modulation of the expression of MHC class 1 family genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "MHC class 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Considering an inulin clearance of less than 80 ml / min / 1 . 73 m2 , the cut - off value for serum creatinine was 11 . 5 mumol / liter for men and 90 mumol / liter for women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results strongly suggest that activation of the beta origin by a distant replication enhancer element requires a small target sequence essential for initiator protein - mediated DNA looping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three experiments using 20 microM 2 - ( hydroxyamino ) - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine ( N - OH - PhIP ) were performed to induce mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase ( DHFR ) gene of a hemizygous Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cell line ( UA21 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydrofolate reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 194]}, {"entity": "DHFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UL3 ORF of 204 amino acids shows significant homology to UL3 ( nuclear phosphoprotein ) of HSV - 1 ( 62 % ) and PRV ( 53 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "UL3 ORF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "UL3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunogenicity tested in experiments on guinea pigs and rabbits was not reduced and corresponded to that of the reference STI - 1 vaccine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we show that expression of antisense mRNA for p130CAS resulted in reversion of the transformed phenotype of all these cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "p130CAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred cDNA clones were sequenced and 8 RTKs were identified , as well as 12 non - RTKs and 2 serine / threonine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "RTKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "RTKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "serine / threonine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supportive therapy with xenogenous peptides in patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing aggressive chemotherapy ( modified AC - protocol ) : a prospective , randomized double - blind study", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inactive X allele , however , is hypermethylated in leukocytes , presumably reflecting early X inactivation events that become important for gene dosage in expressing lineages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of neural control of alimentary motor function in the vertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on nitrogen - containing heterocyclic compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell rounding was abrogated by expression of either kinase - dead forms of US3 PK or a mutant protein lacking the acidic cluster in the kinase regulatory domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "US3 PK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psychosocial features of people using self - ignition as a method of suicide are consistent with those of suicide in general .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes expressed during the embryonic ( zeta ) or fetal and adult stage ( alpha 2 and alpha 1 ) can be modified by point mutations which affect either the processing - translation of mRNA or make the polypeptide chains extremely unstable .", "entity": [{"entity": "zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "alpha 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "alpha 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acoustic - property measurements of the oxide superconductor BaPb1 - xBixO3 by the sphere - resonance method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fusion of AML1 to MDS1 is in frame , and adds 127 codons to the interrupted AML1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "MDS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "AML1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ends of the barrel are capped by short helices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rabbit KCC1 ( rbKCC1 ) and rat KCC1 ( rtKCC1 ) were cloned by screening rabbit kidney and rat brain cDNA libraries using homologous cDNA probes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rabbit KCC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "rbKCC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "rat KCC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "rtKCC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these findings demonstrate that ZNF76 and ZNF143 are two members of a same family of transactivator proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZNF76", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "ZNF143", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model system exploits the polyomavirus late transcription termination and polyadenylation signals , which are sufficiently weak to allow the production of many multigenome - length primary transcripts with repeating introns , exons , and poly ( A ) sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disorders are accompanied by consistent , but similarly reversible , electroencephalographic changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic structure and optical properties of the B12O2 crystal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A model for oligomerization - dependent subunit folding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reporter gene with two copies of the wild - type Repeat 2 + 3 sequence was transcribed actively in sterol - deprived cells and was repressed by more than 80 % when sterols were present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basic helix - loop - helix proteins can act at the E - box within the serum response element of the c - fos promoter to influence hormone - induced promoter activation in Sertoli cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Basic helix - loop - helix proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "c - fos promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventive health counseling tailored to the needs of this group may be most beneficial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analyses reveals that cJun and the C / EBP family member C / EBP - beta are physiologically relevant transcription factors whose expression corresponds with mda - 7 mRNA expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cJun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "C / EBP family member", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 69]}, {"entity": "C / EBP - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "mda - 7 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent developments in the study of growth factors : GRF and somatomedins .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "somatomedins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenotypic screening of mutations in Pmr1 , the yeast secretory pathway Ca2 + / Mn2 + - ATPase , reveals residues critical for ion selectivity and transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pmr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "yeast secretory pathway Ca2 + / Mn2 + - ATPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Routine and default retrieval home visits were given to ensure maximal drug compliance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review chronicles the characteristics of deliberate and accidental mass poisonings that occurred in World Wars I and II , in Bhopal , and in other historical cases up to and including modern wars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , an unmodified threonine at position 169 in Cdc28 is important for interaction with G1 cyclins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdc28", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "G1 cyclins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alterations occurred at both the mRNA and protein levels but did not significantly affect the subcellular distribution of any of the four isoforms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periarteritis nodosa with ruptures of the renal vessels and the persistence of the hepatitis B and C viruses in the blood", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : Participants in the Physicians ' Health Study , a randomized trial of aspirin and beta - carotene among U . S . male physicians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon : experience in western countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to what was observed for P . putida , a psrA null mutant of P . aeruginosa also showed a 90 % reduction in rpoS promoter activity ; both mutants could be complemented for rpoS promoter activity when the psrA gene was provided in trans . psrA mutants of both Pseudomonas species lost the ability to induce rpoS expression at stationary phase , but they retained the ability to produce quorum - sensing autoinducer molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "psrA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "rpoS promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "rpoS promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "psrA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 220]}, {"entity": "psrA mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [245, 257]}, {"entity": "rpoS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increments in median plasma secretin concentration were 1 . 6 , 3 . 0 , and 6 . 4 pmol x 1 ( - 1 ) after secretin , 125 , 250 and 500 fmol x kg - 1 , and the corresponding 15 - min bicarbonate output 283 , 442 , and 1435 micromol , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma secretin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "secretin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composition of renal stones analysed by infrared spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Programmed peritoneal lavage in suppurative complications of perforated ulcer of the stomach", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vibrio cholerae iron transport : haem transport genes are linked to one of two sets of tonB , exbB , exbD genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "exbB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "exbD genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zonography in urology ( author ' s transl )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenazopyridine - induced hemolytic anemia in a patient with G6PD deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "G6PD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel gene spans 16 . 7 kb of genomic sequence and it is formed of 11 exons and 10 intervening introns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of a HIF - 1alpha construct with deletions of the basic domain and carboxy terminus blocked reporter gene activation by endogenous HIF - 1 in hypoxic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIF - 1alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "HIF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A preformed SREBP - 1a : [ 32P ] DNA complex bound specifically to membrane - immobilized GST - CBP fusion proteins that contained amino - terminal portions of CBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "SREBP - 1a : [ 32P ] DNA complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 44]}, {"entity": "GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular protein kinase A as a cancer biomarker : its expression by tumor cells and reversal by a myristate - lacking Calpha and RIIbeta subunit overexpression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extracellular protein kinase A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By incorporating a stent with posts that pivot about their base , such that a 10 % expansion at the commissures is realized , we were able to reduce the compressive commissural stressing from 250 to 150 kPa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With rats fed on the Zn - sufficient diet , NaFe3 + EDTA and Na2EDTA similarly increased the absorption , urinary excretion and retention of Zn but to a lesser extent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The requirement for an essential interaction between NPH I and H4L provides an explanation for the observed restriction of transcription termination to early viral genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NPH I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "H4L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other clinicopathological features have no definite influence in survival expectancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Births , marriages , divorces , and deaths for July 1997 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day postoperatively , the mononuclear leukocyte beta 2 - receptor density decreased maximally by 45 + / - 11 % in the enflurane patients , and by 53 + / - 6 % in the neurolept patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta 2 - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A direct statistically reliable correction of decrease of the enzymes with the initial state of the patients has been established in an analysis of 25 patients aged from 18 to 60 years in prosthesis of + the mitral valve ( n - 9 ) and closed mitral commissurotomy ( n - 16 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was observed that storage time affected significantly the biochemical changes occurring in the constituents of carrots exposed to gamma - irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial proteolysis of cell surface - iodinated B - G molecules generates extremely similar patterns of spots , both within and between haplotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - G molecules", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate the ability of oligonucleotides containing the C4T sequence to confer heat shock inducibility on the reporter gene and show that the presence of two such elements produces more than additive effects on induction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the other two groups ( NAAR and PLA ) , no variation in this serum protease was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The KEMAR measurements show that the two models give an improvement of the signal - to - noise ratio of approximately 7 . 5 dB in a diffuse sound field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Providing appropriate care to both sexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An X - linked zinc finger gene mapping to Xq21 . 1 - q21 . 3 closely related to ZFX and ZFY : possible origins from a common ancestral gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc finger gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "ZFX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "ZFY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations that extend the specificity of the endonuclease activity of lambda terminase .", "entity": [{"entity": "lambda terminase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter activity was assayed by transient transfection of luciferase reporter constructs containing nested deletions of the upstream sequence in the human RPE cell lines ARPE19 and D407 , as well as in the SK - Mel - 28 and HeLa cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase reporter constructs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest an essential role of the binding of HNF - 4 and / or HNF - 4 - related nuclear factors to the 6 beta A - A site on the basal transcriptional activation of the CYP3A2 gene in liver cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNF - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "HNF - 4 - related nuclear factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 108]}, {"entity": "CYP3A2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A vascular component to impotence was shown to be common in those with neurological impairment , and may alter management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bandwidth of auditory units in the chick forebrain ( field L / Hv complex ) was measured with isointensity tone stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of Paraquat poisoning of anticonservative origin are described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The promoter of this methyltransferase gene lacks an identifiable TATA box but is characterized by a CpG island which begins approximately 723 nucleotides upstream of the major transcriptional start site and extends through exon 1 and into the first intron .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also describes the preliminary results of a Phase II trial going on at the Central Institute for Tumors in Zagreb , using a combination of cis - DDP , 5 - fluorouracil and vincristine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients with Mirizzi type II syndrome and two patients with Mirizzi type I syndrome were treated laparoscopically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pregnancies were terminated at 19 and 12 weeks of gestation , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants resulted in a more noticeable decrease in the levels of T3 and E - RCF .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - RCF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the new class of competitive NMDA receptor antagonists , exemplified by CGP 37849 , is the most promising candidate for clinical trials in anxiety disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid , sensitive gas chromatographic analysis of 8 - methoxypsoralen in human plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Sixty - one percent of the patients had damage within 7 years of onset ( mean 3 . 8 yrs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the fungus Neurospora crassa , nit - 2 , the major nitrogen regulatory gene , activates the expression of unlinked structural genes that specify nitrogen - catabolic enzymes during conditions of nitrogen limitation .", "entity": [{"entity": "nit - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We concluded that HFV can achieve values of CO2 elimination close to the estimated metabolic CO2 production in normal unintubated subjects over short periods of time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tetrazepam : a benzodiazepine which dissociates sedation from other benzodiazepine activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcripts appear to be initiated from an upstream promoter , P1 , located in front of the tRNA ( met1 ) gene and from three internal promoters : P2 is located immediately in front of the tRNA ( met2 ) gene ; PL10 is near the beginning of the L1 - L10 intergenic space , and PL12 is at the end of the L10 gene sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "tRNA ( met1 ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "tRNA ( met2 ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 207]}, {"entity": "L1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "L10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [249, 252]}, {"entity": "L10 gene sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [302, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nearly 1 . 5 million American men age 65 and older have osteoporosis , and another 3 . 5 million are at risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have characterized 21 mutations in the type VII collagen gene ( COL7A1 ) encoding the anchoring fibrils , 18 of which were not previously reported , in patients from 15 unrelated families with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ( RDEB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "type VII collagen gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "COL7A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of heterotopic gastric mucosa ( pyloric gland ) in the wall of the gallbladder was reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ribosome association of GCN2 protein kinase , a translational activator of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCN2 protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "GCN4 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further examined the interaction of JAK2 with the GHR cytoplasmic domain by two lines of investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "GHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These segments may represent pseudogenes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corresponding oligonucleotides were used to screen a rat liver cDNA library constructed in the plasmid cloning vector , pcDV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular regulated kinases ( ERK ) 1 and ERK2 are authentic substrates for the dual - specificity protein - tyrosine phosphatase VHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extracellular regulated kinases ( ERK ) 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 41]}, {"entity": "ERK2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "dual - specificity protein - tyrosine phosphatase VHR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model therefore predicts that 1 ) on - line calculation of airway dead space and end - expired lung volume can be made by the addition of an oxygen sine - wave perturbation component to the mean FIO2 ; and ( 2 ) QS / QT can be measured from the resultant oxygen perturbation sine - wave amplitudes in the expired gas and in arterial and mixed - venous blood and is independent of the mean blood oxygen partial pressure and oxyhemoglobin saturation values .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxyhemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [427, 440]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An anoerxiant , mazindol suppresses food intake by 1 ) stimulating beta - adrenergic receptors , 2 ) inhibiting the feeding center and , 3 ) stimulating the satiety center in the hypothalamus .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - adrenergic receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When patients were admitted within one week of the onset of dark urine , 45 % were found to be shedding HAV , whereas only 11 % of specimens obtained from patients admitted during the second week contained virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive effects of radioactive therapy in Guarapari", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , lower doses which alone were lacking in activity ( 100 - 250 mg / kg B1 and B6 , 1 - 2 . 5 mg / kg B12 p . o . ) dose - dependently potentiated the antinociceptive of diclofenac .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Escherichia coli strains carrying recA730 ( or other recA * alleles ) exhibit dramatic increases in SOS - dependent spontaneous mutator activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "recA730", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "recA * alleles", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary i . v . administration of calcitonin increased intrapyloric pressure via vagal nerves in atropinized or gallaminized animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcitonin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An hcr1 null mutant was viable , but showed slight reduction of growth when compared with the wild - type strain .", "entity": [{"entity": "hcr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , free - chlorine treatments ( 0 . 3 or 1 . 0 mg / L ) showed significantly lower heterotrophic plate numbers than those without free chlorine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This evaluation examines several analytical and cost parameters for five representative assays : IgG , IgA , IgM , phenytoin , and phenobarbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously identified LIT1 , a paternally expressed antisense RNA within the KvLQT1 locus through a positional screening approach using human monochromosomal hybrids .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "KvLQT1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here RFX / X2BP / DNA complexes were formed on all class II isotypes regardless of the ability of the X box region to bind either factor individually .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "X2BP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental slot blots demonstrate that mRNAs corresponding to the three LHM cDNAs are transcribed from prophase of meiosis I to the uninucleate microspore stage , while Northern analysis reveals these tapetally expressed cDNAs to correspond with transcripts of some 500 bp .", "entity": [{"entity": "LHM cDNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The curse of the Pharaohs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The women in the intermediate calcium group had approximately the same mean BMD values as those in the low calcium group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enigma of aging bone loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : After lavage , a rapid decrease in arterial pH and PaO2 , and an increase in PaCO2 and PIP were observed in all animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both cell types , insulin led to a dose - dependent increase in the association of tyrosine phosphorylated IRS - 1 with the SH2 domain of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI - 3 kinase , and also increased the amount of PI kinase activity detected in anti - IRS - 1 immunoprecipitates .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "tyrosine phosphorylated IRS - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 117]}, {"entity": "SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "p85 regulatory subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 167]}, {"entity": "PI - 3 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "PI kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 229]}, {"entity": "anti - IRS - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [251, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve ( 92 % ) showed cognitive dysfunction including impairments in memory , attention , and affective disturbances ( anxiety , depression , irritability , and poor frustration tolerance ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were antagonized by prior administration of 1 - ( 2 - methoxyphenyl ) - 4 - [ - ( 2 - phthalimido ) butyl ] piperazine ) ( 0 . 5 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription initiation from this region was also detected in vivo , when the cloned rRNA gene cluster was present on a multi - copy plasmid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human parvalbumin mRNA contains the putative polyadenylation signal AATAAA 13 nucleotides upstream from the polyadenylation site .", "entity": [{"entity": "human parvalbumin mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of dopamine and of dopamine D2 receptor blocker haloperidol on the activity of carotid chemoreceptors were studied in 24 anesthetized , paralyzed and artificially ventilated newborn kittens aged 0 - 17 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine D2 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNMT2 binds AdoHcy in the same conformation as confirmed m ( 5 ) C MTases and , while DNMT2 shares all sequence and structural features with m ( 5 ) C MTases , it has failed to demonstrate detectable transmethylase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNMT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "m ( 5 ) C MTases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "DNMT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "m ( 5 ) C MTases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum amyloid A ( SAA ) is a plasma protein which has been associated with several diseases , including amyloidosis , arthritis , and atherosclerosis , and its abnormal expression , particularly in nonhepatic cells , is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum amyloid A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "SAA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The standardized incidence in Europeans has risen significantly to 4 . 7 / 10 ( 5 ) / year from 3 . 4 / 10 ( 5 ) / year in the 1970s ( chi 2 = 8 . 1 , p less than 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical mapping 220 kb centromeric of the human MHC and DNA sequence analysis of the 43 - kb segment including the RING1 , HKE6 , and HKE4 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "RING1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "HKE6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "HKE4 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cells arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and grow a projection towards one another forming a shmoo projection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple aortic thrombi associated with protein C and S deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the optimum compressive strength reached values up to 40 % higher than CC - free samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "POPULATION AND METHODS : 105 patients were followed prospectively ( male : 87 % ; age : 56 + / - 10 ) ; clinical evaluation was performed in the 1st , 3rd and 6th month , SEKG in the 4th month and recatheterization for angiographic control in the 6th month .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The practice of measuring of AChE levels in acute poisoning is limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "AChE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M . , Adrich , Z . , Fournet , B . , Capon , C . , Bonicel , J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal fluorescent microscopy analysis demonstrated that WT , VaI , and VaII all distribute equally to the cell surface while , as expected , a WT mutant lacking the two C - terminal valine residues does not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of ERCC1 detectable by immunoblotting is reduced in group 1 , group 4 and XP - F extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "ERCC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Letter : Ballistocardiography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic studies of tetrabenazine , a psychotropic drug in animals and man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the frozen specimen , a large number of sections with good morphologic characteristics may be produced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene transcripts are detected on tissues such as bovine liver , kidney , lung , and brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma enteroglucagon was measured before and during three hours after a standard meal in 21 untreated adult patients with suspected coeliac disease who all had villous atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa and malabsorption , and in nine control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma enteroglucagon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we establish that the heteromeric CCAAT - binding factor CBF is the major component of the C1 - binding factor ( C1F ) in human cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "CBF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "C1 - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "C1F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This growth - inhibitory effect was suppressed by the mpk1 delta mutation , suggesting that hyperactivation of the Mpk1 pathway is toxic to cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mpk1 delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "Mpk1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human PAX8 gene generates at least five different alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different PAX8 isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "human PAX8 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "PAX8 isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of specific somatic cell hybrids have allowed us to locate the YAC contig telomeric to the D3F15S2 locus , in a region which is frequently deleted in lung carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "D3F15S2 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A close homologue of the APK2a gene , named APK2b , was also isolated from the Arabidopsis cDNA library .", "entity": [{"entity": "APK2a gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "APK2b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygote - specific cDNAs that encode novel proteins containing ankyrin repeats and WW domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "ankyrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent analysis revealed that MyD88 possesses a unique modular structure , which consists of an N - terminal \" death domain , \" similar to the intracellular segments of TNF receptor 1 and Fas , and a C - terminal region related to the cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila morphogen Toll and vertebrate interleukin - 1 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "MyD88", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "TNF receptor 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "Fas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 195]}, {"entity": "Drosophila morphogen Toll", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [266, 291]}, {"entity": "interleukin - 1 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . nidulans transformants secreted high amounts of PGI and PGII in comparison to the previously characterized A . niger transformants and a novel polygalacturonase ( PGC ) was produced at high levels by A . nidulans transformed with the subcloned pgaC gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "PGII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "polygalacturonase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "PGC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 170]}, {"entity": "pgaC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of zinc - finger proteins Sp1 and zif268 / egr - 1 in transcriptional regulation of the human synaptobrevin II gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc - finger proteins Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 34]}, {"entity": "zif268", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "egr - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "human synaptobrevin II gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the recovery curve of the R2 component of the blink reflex diminished in patients with tension - type headache compared with the other groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GvpE protein involved in the regulation of gas vesicles synthesis in halophilic archaea has been identified as the transcriptional activator for the promoter located upstream of the gvpA gene encoding the major gas vesicle structural protein GvpA .", "entity": [{"entity": "GvpE protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "gvpA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "GvpA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TFIIIB assembles autonomously on the upstream promoter of the yeast U6 snRNA ( SNR6 ) gene in vitro , through the interaction of its TBP subunit with a consensus TATA box located at base pair - 30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIIIB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "yeast U6 snRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "SNR6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "TBP subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of bromocriptine and metoclopramide on serum prolactin levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experience in using the Romashka - 1 laser surgical unit in treating suppurative wounds", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a cutoff point for KISA % of 100 , 280 of 281 participants ( 99 . 6 % ) were correctly classified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the effect of selective thromboxane A2 blockade on clinical findings and platelet reactivity in refractory unstable angina , OKY - 046 ( 600 mg / day , p . o . ) was administered to another 14 patients with refractory unstable angina in addition to the conventional therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AP - 1 recruited by ARF1 . GTP is released from the Golgi membrane by treatment with 1 M Tris - HCl ( pH 7 ) or upon reincubation at 37 degreesC , whereas AP - 1 recruited with GTPgammaS or by a constitutively active point mutant , ARF1 ( Q71L ) , remains membrane bound after either treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "ARF1 . GTP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "ARF1 ( Q71L )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In K562 cells , using the bicistronic vector , selection with colchicine led to at least 20 - fold higher expression of the MDR1 gene product than did selection with G418 , suggesting that the stringent MDR1 selection system is very efficient for obtaining overexpression of foreign genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDR1 gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 141]}, {"entity": "MDR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A surge in the rate of ascorbyl radical production , directly correlated with oxyradical stress and an abrupt fall in superoxide dismutase activity in the granuloma , indicates ' switching on ' of a free radical - dependent machinery for the formation of granuloma after vasectomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide dismutase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vaccine was highly immunogenic , since 111 of 113 patients ( 98 % ) produced anti - HBs ( 10 mIU / ml or more ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - HBs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Papillomavirus type 16 oncogenes downregulate expression of interferon - responsive genes and upregulate proliferation - associated and NF - kappaB - responsive genes in cervical keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A model for the SMase - sphingomyelin complex structure was built to investigate how the SMase specifically recognizes its substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "SMase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "SMase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MADS - box genes in plants are a diverse class of transcription factors that are involved in regulating developmental processes , particularly meristem and organ identity during floral development .", "entity": [{"entity": "MADS - box genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In the test data set , the single - sample model was confirmed to give excellent estimation of the AUC : AUC ( mg / ml x min ) = 0 . 93 x C3h + 0 . 47 ( MPE % = 4 . 4 % , RMSE % = 8 . 9 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that a combination of Pfu exo ( - ) at the primer extension step and Taq at the PCR amplification step is ideal for in vivo DNA analysis and DNA damage mapping using LMPCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pfu exo ( - )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "Taq", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KU - 1257 also significantly accelerated the healing of acetic acid - induced duodenal ulcers as well as famotidine and roxatidine acetate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolongation of prothrombin time was not due to depletion of vitamin K - dependent coagulation factors or manifest fibrinolysis , but due to the presence of circulating fibrinogen fibrinmonomer - FDP complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "prothrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "fibrinogen fibrinmonomer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clostridium botulinum in marine sediment", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upstream stimulatory factor USF is a human transcriptional activation factor , which uses a basic / helix - loop - helix / leucin zipper ( b / HLH / Z ) motif to homodimerize and recognize specific sequences in the promoter region of both nuclear and viral genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upstream stimulatory factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "USF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [278, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fusion of mouse CD8 + class I MHC - restricted T cells with the BW5147 thymoma invariably yields CD8 - hybridomas in which RNA transcribed from the CD8 alpha ( Lyt - 2 ) gene is undetectable .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse CD8 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "class I MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "CD8 -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "CD8 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "Lyt - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis , alpha1 - PDX prevents cleavage of BMP - 4 in an oocyte translation assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha1 - PDX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "BMP - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convergence of trigeminal input with visceral and phrenic inputs on primate C1 - C2 spinothalamic tract neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we cloned the cDNA of AD1 Ag from a rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cDNA library .", "entity": [{"entity": "AD1 Ag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several sequences resembling binding sites for liver - and fat body - specific transcription factors were identified within 1 kb upstream and downstream of the gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Root surface caries incidence in the groups inoculated with A . viscosus and A . viscosus plus S . sobrinus did not differ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : The QTd and JTd intervals in 39 children with long QT syndrome were compared to those of 50 normal age - matched children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prgX gene is adjacent to prgQ which provides the promoter for prgB expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "prgX gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "prgQ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "prgB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Frank vectorcardiogram was recorded before and every 15 - 30 minutes for 10 hours after the occlusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of Sudeck ' s atrophy in the upper limb by sympathetic blockade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency of recurrence of fibroids after myomectomy has been evaluated in 145 women ( median age 38 years , range 21 - 52 ) who underwent myomectomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a good correlation between the occurrence in any particular vascular segment of the transient contractile response and intrinsic tone as assessed by relaxation to papaverine ( 10 ( - 6 ) M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antimicrobial of choice for initial prophylactic therapy among asymptomatic pregnant women exposed to Bacillus anthracis is ciprofloxacin , 500 mg twice a day for 60 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous coronary artery spasm during coronary angiography in a patient with exercise - induced ST segment elevation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nickel release from tools on the Swedish market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no correlation between starting platelet - associated IgG levels or changes in platelet - associated IgG levels with therapy and the increment in the patient ' s platelet count .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The receptor for CSF - 1 , c - Fms , is expressed in osteoclasts , possesses intrinsic tyrosine - kinase activity , and signals via rapid phosphorylation of selected proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "c - Fms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "tyrosine - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a rat model of SAH , we assessed BBB changes by means of the quantitative [ 14C ] - alpha - aminoisobutyric acid technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BAG - 1 also prevented growth arrest following UV - irradiation - induced genotoxic injury without interfering with accumulation of p53 protein or p21 ( waf - 1 ) expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "BAG - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "p53 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "waf - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the last three days of the study , mean urine osmolality ( Uosm ) and free water reabsorption ( TCH2O ) increased significantly : [ formula : see text ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ ( OP ) 2Cu ] + also detected protections in the C alpha - helix , the interdomain hinge , and beta - strands 2 - 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When O - 2A / c - myc cells underwent terminal differentiation APprog complexes were lost and conventional AP - 1 DNA - binding activity became evident , particularly in astrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "APprog complexes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 79]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene , from the initiator methionine to the polyadenylation site , is contained within 13 244 basepairs and contains 19 exons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study structural diversity of the three homologous loci encoding a KN1 - like homeobox protein in the hexaploid wheat genome , we isolated clones from a cDNA library of young spikes of Japanese common wheat cultivar ' Norin 26 ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "KN1 - like homeobox protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment is based on antifungal drugs , most frequently nystatin , amphotericin B and ketoconazole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversy exists regarding both the natural life cycle for this parasite as well as the species identity of opossum Sarcocystis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that components of the Ras / Raf / MAPK pathway are constitutively activated in these lck - transformed immature thymoblasts . p56 ( lck ) utilizes Shc and Grb2 adaptors to mediate activation of p21 ( ras ) in the thymoblast lines by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation of the Shc protein and constitutive interaction between Shc and Grb2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "lck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "p56", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "lck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "Grb2 adaptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "p21", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 213]}, {"entity": "ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 219]}, {"entity": "Shc protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [291, 302]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [340, 343]}, {"entity": "Grb2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [348, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfractionated heparin ( UFH ) given at a dose of 0 . 3 mg x kg - 1 bolus + 0 . 3 mg x kg - 1 x h - 1 infusion did not improve the incidence of reperfusion or lower the incidence of reocclusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantification limit was 50 ng / ml for each of PHT , m - HPPH and p - HPPH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma hemopexin homeostasis during the acute phase response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma hemopexin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to check whether , during PG - DS administration , serum lipase activity changes simultaneously with serum amylase activity , and , if so , what the reason is for the detected change .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "amylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( i ) The chimeric gene consisting of the coding and 5 ' nontranslated leader regions of the TK gene fused to portions of the domain of alpha gene 0 extending largely upstream from the site of initiation of transcription of alpha gene 0 was regulated in the same fashion as the alpha 4 - and alpha 27 - TK chimeras .", "entity": [{"entity": "TK gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "alpha gene 0", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "alpha gene 0", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 236]}, {"entity": "alpha 4 - and alpha 27 - TK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [278, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokines and steroid hormones use different sets of signal transduction pathways , which seem to be unrelated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the most northern and , at the same time largest , Q fever epidemic recorded in Germany over the last 28 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic analysis of the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein K in infectious virus production and egress .", "entity": [{"entity": "herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 ' half of the EWS gene has recently been described to be fused to the 3 ' regions of genes encoding the DNA - binding domain of several transcriptional regulators , including ATF1 , FLI - 1 , and ERG , in several human tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "EWS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "ATF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "FLI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 195]}, {"entity": "ERG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used high - resolution ultrasound to characterize postprandial antral excursion characteristics in 15 healthy volunteers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariable logistic regression showed that mean blood glucose level for the first 2 days ( p = 0 . 002 ) , obesity ( p < 0 . 002 ) , and use of the internal mammary artery ( p < 0 . 02 ) were all independent predictors of deep wound infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fine tangled pili expressed by Haemophilus ducreyi are a novel class of pili .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The RRM is one of the most common and best characterized RNA - binding motifs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Torsion of the contralateral testis 5 years after orchiopexy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum levels of total and specific immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) have been determined by radioimmunoassays in sixty - nine allergic subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "specific immunoglobulin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 51]}, {"entity": "IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest one probably corresponds to the precursor form of PS2 in E . coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "PS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional analysis indicates that human TBP functions poorly at promoters recognized by RNA polymerases I and III and at RNA Pol II promoters lacking a conventional TATA element .", "entity": [{"entity": "human TBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerases I and III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 119]}, {"entity": "RNA Pol II promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elements of the hAT transposon family , such as the maize activator ( Ac ) , have been discovered in a large number of eukaryotic species .", "entity": [{"entity": "hAT transposon family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "maize activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "Ac", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of SRP54sc and SRP54sp provides the first evidence for SRP related proteins in yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "SRP54sc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "SRP54sp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "SRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have isolated two H19 cDNAs ( AP and ES ) that contain this ORF4 and correspond to incomplete copies of the unique 2 . 3 kb H19 RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "H19 cDNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "AP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "ES", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "2 . 3 kb H19 RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urease activity , judged as the amount of ammonia production from urea , could be measured at 25 ng per tube ( S / N = 1 . 5 ) with Jack bean meal urease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Jack bean meal urease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioimmunoassay of plasma gonadotropins ; problems of specificity", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma gonadotropins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue expansion was used successfully to prepare adequate soft tissue for closure following a difficult clubfoot correction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Legionella antibodies in domestic animals", "entity": [{"entity": "Legionella antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous study of transforming growth factor - beta1 - mediated inhibition of the cyclin A promoter , we mapped the inhibitory effect to the ATF site ; in the present study of IFN - gamma treatment , functional analysis by transient transfection showed that inhibition of the cyclin A promoter persisted despite mutation of the ATF , NF - Y , or CDE elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "transforming growth factor - beta1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 57]}, {"entity": "cyclin A promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 104]}, {"entity": "ATF site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 192]}, {"entity": "cyclin A promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [281, 298]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [333, 336]}, {"entity": "NF - Y", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [339, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference was seen found between the two groups in the degree of postoperative deterioration in cardiopulmonary function or in interleukin - 6 levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that GCNF binds to one of the two DRO sequences in the Prm1 promoter , and to the DRO sequence in the Prm2 promoter in a specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "Prm1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "Prm2 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strategy uses RNA ligase to add DNA oligonucleotide priming sites to the RNA for subsequent reverse transcription and PCR ( RNA ligase , reverse transcription - PCR , or RL / RT / PCR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA ligase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "RNA ligase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1977 to 1985 , 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal were treated with mitomycin C ( 15 mg / m2 ) and 5 - fluorouracil ( 750 mg / m2 ) on day 1 , 5 - FU ( 750 mg / m2 / d ) alone on days 2 to 5 , and radiation therapy ( 3000 cGy ) on days 7 to 28 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of choline magnesium trisalicylate on prostacyclin production by isolated vascular tissue of the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnitude of all four parameters increased in an exponential fashion with increasing sperm number up to 400 x 10 ( 6 ) per ejaculate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sharp transition from a random chaotic state to a correlated turbulent state of finite coherence time is found when the Rayleigh number becomes larger than a critical value Ra ( c ) approximately equal to 5 x 10 ( 7 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HMEC stably transfected with an ER mutant containing a deletion in the second zinc finger of the DNA - binding domain , E and HT had different effects on EBBP gene expression ; EBBP regulation by E was dramatically reduced while the effects of HT were augmented .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "EBBP gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "EBBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 h after ingestion of aspirin on day 1 to day 14 , both TX and PGI2 levels also significantly decreased ( p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When transfected into HepG2 cells , which lack C / EBP alpha , the mouse ob promoter was only weakly active .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "mouse ob promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desarrollo de un modelo matematico general para los procesos fermentativos , Cinetica de la degradacion anaerobia , Ph . D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - kappaB DNA - protein binding and ICAM - 1 promoter activity were enhanced by IL - 1beta and these effects were inhibited by tyrphostin 23 , but not by PD 98059 or SB 203580 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ICAM - 1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "IL - 1beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In murine cells , FPGS expression is controlled by two promoters that , as we show here , vary substantially in their efficiency , at least in the context of a reporter gene assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "FPGS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative measurement of antigamma globulin factors ( rheumatoid factors ) using laser - nephelometry in comparison with the latex agglutination test and the Waaler - Rose test", "entity": [{"entity": "antigamma globulin factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "rheumatoid factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of INP53 , but not the related INP51 and INP52 genes , resulted in alpha - factor maturation defects and exacerbated alpha - factor maturation defects when combined with chc1 - 521 .", "entity": [{"entity": "INP53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "INP51", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "INP52 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "alpha - factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "alpha - factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "chc1 - 521", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complete nucleotide sequence of odontoglossum ringspot virus ( Cy - 1 strain ) genomic RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paradoxically there is a decrease in the level of soluble A beta secreted from the cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "soluble A beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When translated in - frame with PKC zeta , a stop codon is located 28 amino acids towards the N - terminus of the divergence point and the intervening sequence lacks an expected initiating methionine . psi PKC zeta is non - functional in terms of protein synthesis since Western blotting with an antibody directed against the C - terminus of PKC zeta failed to reveal a protein smaller than PKC zeta , and synthetic psi PKC zeta RNA failed to support protein synthesis in a translation system in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "psi PKC zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 214]}, {"entity": "PKC zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [342, 350]}, {"entity": "PKC zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [391, 399]}, {"entity": "psi PKC zeta RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [416, 432]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative ultrafiltration ( UF ) studies with BiGG and standard lactate ( La ) solutions in rabbits showed that net UF with La solution peaked at 2 h and decreased significantly at 4 h and 6 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The B . aphidicola argS - rrn DNA fragments from endosymbionts from seven species of aphids had promoter activities in E . coli which ranged from 6 to 135 % of that observed with a comparable DNA fragment of E . coli rrnB .", "entity": [{"entity": "B . aphidicola argS - rrn DNA fragments", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 43]}, {"entity": "E . coli rrnB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These principally structural studies support the hypothesis that the thrombus is a self - sustaining entity that may have significance in the pathophysiologic mechanism of abdominal aortic aneurysms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report about the exeresis of a pyelonephrictic left small kidney with laparoscopic surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPK is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic subunit ( alpha ) and two regulatory subunits ( beta and gamma ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes encoding these carotenoids in E . herbicola Eho13 are clustered in a 7 kb DNA fragment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic diagnosis of respiratory diseases", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas mutant 6C4 specified a wild - type - size Pol protein , we detected no full - length Pol protein in 7E4 - infected cell extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant 6C4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "wild - type - size Pol protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 61]}, {"entity": "full - length Pol protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of beta - thalassemia carriers and those deficient in erythrocyte glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase in the greater Buenos Aires area", "entity": [{"entity": "erythrocyte glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other toxicities attributed to CPT - 11 included dehydration , nausea , vomiting , and asthenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JCAHO moves to rewrite many rules to lessen hospitals ' regulatory burden .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phylogenetic comparison of 32 species showed minor differences in the apoB mRNA sequence , and the apoB mRNA from 31 species was robustly edited in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "apoB mRNA sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "apoB mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression pattern of the reporter gene was compared to that of the endogenous PDGFbeta r gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "endogenous PDGFbeta r gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These transcripts directed the synthesis of three proteins : the virus trans - activator protein ( EIAV Tat ) encoded by ORF S1 , a protein of unknown function encoded by ORF S2 , and the virus envelope glycoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "virus trans - activator protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 96]}, {"entity": "EIAV Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "envelope glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , because SB203580 had no effect of TNF - or ceramide - induced apoptosis , our results strongly argue against a role for p38 MAPK in the induction of TNF - - or ceramide - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "p38 MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "TNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven Zebu cattle were also exposed to challenge at the same time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study the signaling pathways that regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements in T lymphocytes , we set up a conjugate formation assay using Jurkat T cells as effectors and cell - sized latex beads coated with various antibodies as artificial APCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YACs , BACs , cosmids , and STSs are defined to aid in further study of this gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average coefficient of variation between assays for gas chromatography mass spectrometry was 5 . 8 % and for radioimmunoassay was 12 . 3 % , while the average coefficient of variation within assays for gas chromatography mass spectrometry was 4 . 9 % and for radioimmunoassay 6 . 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This chimera transduced IL - 4 - specific signals in response to IL - 2 binding and dramatically enhanced type 2 responses ( IL - 4 , IL - 5 , and immunoglobulin E production ) upon in vitro TCR stimulation or in vivo antigen challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "IL - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "IL - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soggy , a spermatocyte - specific gene , lies 3 . 8 kb upstream of and antipodal to TEAD - 2 , a transcription factor expressed at the beginning of mouse development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soggy", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "TEAD - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that AKT2 , a member of protein kinase B family , is activated by a number of growth factors via Ras and PI 3 - kinase signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "protein kinase B family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This demonstrates the presence of a PKC - dependent pathway which functions independently from Lck in MAP kinase activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "Lck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , transfection of Grb10 genes with specific mutations in their SH2 domains induces apoptosis in HTC - IR and COS - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grb10 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small t also inhibited the dephosphorylation of cAMP - dependent protein kinase ( PKA ) - phosphorylated CREB in rat liver nuclear extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Small t", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "cAMP - dependent protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 79]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical map of the genome of sonchus yellow net virus , a plant rhabdovirus with six genes and conserved gene junction sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is an untested argument that conventional beta - adrenoceptor antagonists possess unwanted metabolic effects that may counter some of their potential cardiac benefits .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - adrenoceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is not easy to establish the diagnosis of thoracic MFH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An 11 . 5 - kb intron is found at the end of transmembrane 6 , and the rest of the ORF is in exon 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assay for sequences that could potentially regulate Xenopus proenkephalin expression , we transfected constructs that contained upstream genomic sequences linked to the CAT reporter gene into various eukaryotic cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xenopus proenkephalin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "CAT reporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also conceivable that elevated insulin levels may cause hypertriglyceridaemia and possibly other abnormalities of lipid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of different sources of commercial rations on the humoral immune response of broilers to Newcastle disease vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To quantify the normal coupling patterns , fresh cadaveric human lumbar spine specimens ( L1 - S1 ) were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion mutations were constructed , removing residues 2 - 30 , 31 - 60 , 61 - 90 , and 49 - 78 of the N - terminal cytoplasmic domain , as well as a missense mutation of a dileucine motif .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the measured beta - galactosidase activity in the pWP - transfected cells was normalized to the pCH110 - transfected cells ( an appropriate control if the SV40 early region promoter functions constitutively in various cell lines ) , the results suggested that the promoter region of the PLP gene contains the information necessary for initiation of transcription in a C6 cell - specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - galactosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 38]}, {"entity": "SV40 early region promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 186]}, {"entity": "PLP gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [292, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indigenous microbial flora and the large intestine in tadpoles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 patients with acute leukaemia , HLA antibodies and thrombocytopenia refractory to random donor platelet transfusions were treated with high - dose i . v . immunoglobulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "HLA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma renin activity in end - stage kidney disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer system trains employees to meet JCAHO safety ED requirements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temporal sequence of organ failure was lung , clotting system , kidney , and liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of this region is part of a prominent CpG island that may be acting as an extended , enhancer - independent promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One function of p53 is in regulating cell cycle check - point control after DNA damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "100 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGF - I levels were measured in the CSF of 11 children with autism ( 4 females , 7 males ; mean age 3 . 8 years , SD 1 . 1 ) using a sensitive radioimmunoassay method and compared with levels in 11 control participants ( 6 females , 5 males ; mean age 3 . 8 years ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IGF - I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The XPR2 gene from Yarrowia lipolytica encodes an inducible alkaline extracellular protease .", "entity": [{"entity": "XPR2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "alkaline extracellular protease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two closely related groups of transcripts , Sagrp1 and Sagrp2 , controlled by a circadian rhythm have been isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sagrp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "Sagrp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients autografted in CR1 , the transplant - related mortality ( TRM ) was 15 + / - 4 % , the relapse incidence ( RI ) was 58 + / - 5 % , the leukaemia - free survival ( LFS ) was 36 + / - 5 % and the overall survival was 47 + / - 5 % at 3 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , H19 and IGF2 lie within a larger imprinted domain , and the gene specificity of H19 epimutation has been a persistent question .", "entity": [{"entity": "H19", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "IGF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "H19", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibiotics and CDCA - mediation are essential for symptomatic therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effectiveness and pathogenetic expediency of correcting disorders of lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis with enterosorbents is substantiated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adaptive effects of repeated immersion exposure on the human body", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human cDNA was cloned and sequenced ; it was shown to have an open reading frame encoding a 296 - amino - acid protein in which could be identified four peptides previously identified by micro - sequencing purified protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octamer recognition is mediated by the POU domain , a conserved structural motif which - - like the zinc finger and leucine zipper - - defines a family of related transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "POU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dipetalonema ( Acanthocheilonema ) didelphis sp . n .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - five patients with recent - onset hyperthyroidism ( < 12 weeks ) were sex and menopause stratified and randomly allocated to treatment with carbimazole ( Neotomizol ) , carbimazole plus low dose CT ( Calsynar ; 100 IU / day , 2 days / week ) , or carbimazole plus high dose CT ( Calsynar ; 100 IU / day , 14 days / month ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The promyelocytic leukemia protein interacts with Sp1 and inhibits its transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "promyelocytic leukemia protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CTP , GDP , GTP , ITP ) did not affect the response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we characterize TCR / CD48 and TCR / CD28 costimulation in T cells expressing Lck Src homology 3 ( SH3 ) mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "CD48", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "CD28", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Lck", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "Src homology 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that psbH and psbT are transcribed from the upstream psbB gene promoter , and that the psbH mRNA has its own target sequence for Mbb1 function .", "entity": [{"entity": "psbH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "psbT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "psbB gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "psbH mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "Mbb1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it appears that moxalactam is a reliable and useful antibiotic for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second , 37 students were given trimethoprim / sulphamethoxazole ( 160 mg TMP - SMX 800 mg ) , 38 TMP ( 200 mg ) , and in 35 a placebo was given b . i . d . for five days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Men presenting with urethritis and women presenting with PID both have significantly greater peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to the DK20 strain of C trachomatis than controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The infection of cells with Moloney murine leukemia virus ( M - MuLV ) causes an increase in specific cellular gene products , including the major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) class I antigens .", "entity": [{"entity": "major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) class I antigens", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparent Buschke - Loewenstein tumour of the penis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The orthologs of the Y ( 1 ) and Y ( 2 ) subtypes display high amino acid sequence identities between pig , human , and mouse ( 92 % - 94 % ) , whereas the Y ( 4 ) , Y ( 5 ) , and y ( 6 ) subtypes display lower identities ( 76 % - 87 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y ( 1 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "Y ( 2 ) subtypes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Y ( 4 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Y ( 5 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "y ( 6 ) subtypes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts the high affinity IL - 2R bearing a deletion of a region rich in acidic amino acids ( the \" acidic \" region ) in the IL - 2R beta - chain failed to induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase as well as the expression of the all three nuclear proto - oncogenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 2R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "IL - 2R beta - chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 160]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the cytotactin promoter by the homeobox - containing gene Evx - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytotactin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "homeobox - containing gene Evx - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the private practices accredited in August 1995 , 40 . 6 per cent ( 122 ) participated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced phospholipid hydrolysis with free fatty acid and thromboxane accumulation , increased release of excitatory amino acids , and decreased tissue magnesium levels may each serve to worsen secondary tissue damage and diminish neurologic recovery after spinal cord injury associated with acute alcohol intoxication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the ratio of IL - 6 to IL - 10 may be used to predict the injury severity after trauma .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "IL - 10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With six reports in the literature that show there is an order to melanoma nodal metastases and that the SLN histology is reflective of the histology of the remainder of the nodal basin , the more conservative SLN biopsy can be performed to adequately stage nodally the patient with melanoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a double mutant ( E482A , D489A ) which removed negative charges along one side of the helix had negligible effects on fusion activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Escherichia coli cells expressing a mutant glyV ( glycine tRNA ) gene have a UVM - constitutive phenotype : implications for mechanisms underlying the mutA or mutC mutator effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant glyV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "glycine tRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "mutA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 155]}, {"entity": "mutC mutator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Titres of antistreptolysin O in mothers of children affected with Down ' s syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "antistreptolysin O", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic studies on furan derivatives by the wittig reaction", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive linear correlations were found when the AUC ( 0 - 12 ) ( r = 0 . 68 ; P less than 0 . 01 ) , the maximum plasma concentration ( r = 0 . 34 ; P less than 0 . 01 ) , the minimum plasma concentration ( r = 0 . 55 ; P less than 0 . 01 ) , and the elimination t1 / 2 ( r = 0 . 46 ; P less than 0 . 01 ) were regressed with age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the social learning theory of depression , developed by Lewinsohn , is described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intramolecular interaction is believed to result in the formation of MxA monomers , whereas intermolecular interaction may induce the formation of large MxA oligomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "MxA monomers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "large MxA oligomers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of a Het - mutation in Anabaena sp . strain PCC 7120 implicates a secondary metabolite in the regulation of heterocyst spacing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Het", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He presented with left lower abdominal pain and hematoma after a fall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end we generated a detailed physical map of the genomic region spanning between sequence - tagged site markers D16S518 and D16S516 .", "entity": [{"entity": "D16S518", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "D16S516", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetics of erythromycin ( E . ) was studied in 16 patients with different degrees of impairment of renal function after a single intravenous dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lasting paraplegia caused by loss of lumbar spinal cord interneurons in rats : no direct correlation with motor neuron loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold flaxseed ( whole or ground ) fed at levels of 5 or 15 % were compared to a 1 . 5 % menhaden oil or a typical control layer ration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study drugs ( combination vinblastine - CCNU and single - agent triazinate or dactinomycin ) failed to provide any meaningful antitumor activity for these patients with advanced renal cell cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some CHOP - C / EBP heterodimers apparently bind to alternative DNA sequence and thereby regulate the transcription of other genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHOP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "C / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , addition of the recombinant NF - YA subunit restores NF - Y binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant NF - YA subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 57]}, {"entity": "NF - Y", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data provide the first evidence that differential splicing in the extracellular region of a receptor gene generates receptor variants with different ligand - binding specificities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intrathecal injections of small volumes of the alpha 2 - adrenoceptor agonists , xylazine and clonidine , into the cervical region of the spinal cord of conscious unrestrained sheep produced a dose - dependent analgesia of the forelimbs as measured using a mechanical pressure device .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha 2 - adrenoceptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specificity of the transcriptional activation by ISGF3 is mediated by specific elements termed IFN - stimulatory response element ( ISRE ) located in the promoter region of IFN - inducible genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISGF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "IFN - stimulatory response element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 133]}, {"entity": "ISRE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "IFN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical development of interleukin - 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin - 10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen has positive effects on mood , sexual function , target end organs and cognitive function , and may play an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer ' s Disease by acting to prevent amyloid plaque formation , oxidative stress , or deterioration of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system consists of a microcomputer and six laboratory analyzers : a blood gas analyzer , a flame photometer , a plasma osmotic pressure meter , a chloride ion titrator , a blood sugar analyzer , and a hemoglobin concentration and saturation meter .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , 23 ( 13 . 6 % ) were due to GIB ( Upper GIB = 19 , Lower GIB = 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence the GAP1 gene encodes a protein with characteristics typical of integral membrane proteins translocating ligants across cellular membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAP1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble fibrin monomer complexes in thromboembolism", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S16 , 16 . 8 % , P = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microenvironments dominated by cyanobacteria ( BPC ) had a higher pH ( pH 7 - 8 ) than those dominated by lichen ( LTL ) ( pH 4 . 5 - 5 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturated fatty acids induce a 1 . 6 - fold increase in transcription activity , whereas a large family of unsaturated fatty acids repress OLE1 transcription as much as 60 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "OLE1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third GEF , GRP3 ( KIAA0846 ) , activated both Ras and Rap1 and shared significant sequence homology with the calcium - and diacylglycerol - activated GEFs , GRP1 and GRP2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "GRP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "KIAA0846", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "Rap1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "GEFs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "GRP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "GRP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have determined the molecular organization and transcription start points ( tsp ) for the murine gene ( TK ) encoding thymidine kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "TK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of gentamycin on the kidney functional state in experimental pyelonephritis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time - dependent changes in measured facility of outflow or \" washout phenomenon \" appeared to result from the gradual dissolution of the hyaluronidase - sensitive component of the barriers to aqueous outflow in the canine eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyaluronidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melioidosis in Sika deer ( Cervus nippon nippon ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many human malignant cells lack methylthioadenosine phosphorylase ( MTAP ) enzyme activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylthioadenosine phosphorylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 65]}, {"entity": "MTAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleocapsid structure and thermostability of the virion , nucleocapsid and polymerase complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose 2 separate PAI - 1 inductory pathways for PMA and IL - 1alpha in HepG2 , both involving protein tyrosine kinase activation ; the serum - induced signaling pathway may ( partially ) overlap with the PMA - activated protein kinase C / mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase pathway , leading to c - Jun homodimer binding to the PAI - 1 TRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "IL - 1alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [225, 241]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 285]}, {"entity": "c - Jun homodimer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 324]}, {"entity": "PAI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [340, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crude drugs from aquatic plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrence of the hepatic cyst after partial excision and drainage was complicated by fistula formation between the cyst and the duodenum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that tyrosine phosphorylation by FES affects the interaction of BCR with multiple signaling partners and suggest a general role for BCR in non - receptor protein - tyrosine kinase regulation and signal transduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "FES", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "protein - tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of ' refractory septic shock ' by infusion of amrinone and angiotensin II in an anthracycline - treated patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replication regions from plant - pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae plasmids are similar to ColE2 - related replicons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of dose volume histograms revealed that the 6 - field plan spared relatively more heart whereas the 8 - field plan spared relatively more lung .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE : to characterize gas exchange and cardiopulmonary performance during maximal progressive arm crank exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 9 months postpartum , serum fT4 and fT3 levels were low normal ( 8 . 0 and 1 . 7 pmol / L , respectively ) , but TSH was not raised ( 0 . 4 mU / L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most frequent abnormality was GH deficiency ( six cases ) , followed by gonadotropin ( four cases ) , cortisol ( four cases ) , and TSH ( one case ) , whereas four patients showed high serum PRL values .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "gonadotropin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "TSH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 139]}, {"entity": "serum PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the normal controls the plasma FPA level ( mean + / - SD ) was 1 . 43 + / - 0 . 46 ng / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma FPA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nramp2 gene is comprised of 17 exons and spans more than 36 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "nramp2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on recurrences in gingival hyperplasia", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : In lung protective strategy , positive end - expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) slightly higher than the Pflex ( the airway pressure corresponding to the lower inflection point ( LIP ) on the inspiratory pressure - volume ( P - V ) curve measured with ZEEP ) is generally recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of a constant magnetic field on different models of carcinogenesis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FACS analysis demonstrated that MCs had reached middle to late G1 phase of cell cycle progression at this timepoint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear export of proteins in plants : AtXPO1 is the export receptor for leucine - rich nuclear export signals in Arabidopsis thaliana .", "entity": [{"entity": "AtXPO1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strains carrying a snf1 mutation are unable to grow on sucrose , galactose , maltose , melibiose , or nonfermentable carbon sources ; utilization of these carbon sources is regulated by glucose repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "snf1 mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , beta adrenoceptors blockade has been shown to be of value in achieving continence in a small group of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta adrenoceptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contractile effects of oxytocin , prostaglandin F2 alpha and their combined use on human pregnant myometrium were studied in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effectively , the upstream , housekeeping - type promoter responds to FIXK and positively regulates the downstream , sigma 54 - type promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIXK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "sigma 54 - type promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Km values of the uncoupled enzymes IIGlc for glucose ranged from 0 . 5 to 2 . 5 mM , 2 orders of magnitude higher than the value of normal IIGlc .", "entity": [{"entity": "IIGlc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "IIGlc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement of protein in natural rubber latex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of PML subnuclear domains by the acidic IE1 protein of human cytomegalovirus is mediated through interaction with PML and may modulate a RING finger - dependent cryptic transactivator function of PML .", "entity": [{"entity": "PML subnuclear domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "acidic IE1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 62]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fate of ochratoxin A during malting and brewing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further investigate the role of PKR in transcriptional signaling , we expressed the wild type human PKR and a catalytically inactive dominant negative PKR mutant in the murine pre - B lymphoma 70Z / 3 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "wild type human PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "PKR mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with other experiments with these compounds , cocaine was the most potent of the group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atrial dissociation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is envisaged that the WHOQOL - BREF will be most useful in studies that require a brief assessment of quality of life , for example , in large epidemiological studies and clinical trials where quality of life is of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis B immune globulins and HIV antibodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatitis B immune globulins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "HIV antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One cytoplasmic target which reflects the functional state of the plastids is protein kinase C .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 360 - bp DNA fragment located over 500 bp upstream from the cfl transcriptional start site was used in DNase I protection assays to define the specific bases bound by CorR .", "entity": [{"entity": "cfl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "CorR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relationship between the immunological changes and the disease stage was discovered : the index of the 3H - thymidine incorporation was found to be 67 . 9 at the stage of disease exacerbation , and 208 . 8 at the stage of remission ; the complement titre reached , respectively , 46 . 64 + / - 5 . 28 and 112 . 0 + / - 6 . 0 units per ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the spontaneous abortion group , the levels of PAPP - A were significantly lower than in normal pregnancy but higher than in non - pregnant controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAPP - A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum likelihood estimation in covariance structure analysis with truncated data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene encoding rat peptidylglycine alpha - amidating monooxygenase ( PAM ) contains 26 protein - coding exons .", "entity": [{"entity": "peptidylglycine alpha - amidating monooxygenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 69]}, {"entity": "PAM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether this lack of preferential repair has to be explained by a defect in repair or in general transcription is unclear at present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of human skin with tRA inhibited UV induction of c - Jun protein and , consequently , AP - 1 . c - Jun protein inhibition occurred via a posttranscriptional mechanism , since tRA did not inhibit UV induction of c - Jun mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Jun protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "c - Jun protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "c - Jun mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MUS81 encodes a novel helix - hairpin - helix protein involved in the response to UV - and methylation - induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "MUS81", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "helix - hairpin - helix protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All possessed cutaneous receptive fields on the distal segments of digits 2 , 3 , or 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ hybridization reveals strong signals for Zep mRNA in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb with moderate signals detected in the hippocampus and cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zep mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of sequence fragments were placed 5 ' to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) reporter gene and ability to mediate transcription of CAT in response to IFN gamma or LPS treatment was studied following transient transfection in the macrophage - like cell line RAW 264 . 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 87]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "IFN gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A GT - rich sequence binding the transcription factor Sp1 is crucial for high expression of the human type VII collagen gene ( COL7A1 ) in fibroblasts and keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 57]}, {"entity": "human type VII collagen gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 124]}, {"entity": "COL7A1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using in vivo genomic dimethyl sulfate and KMnO4 footprinting , we showed that the promoter region is differentially protected , depending upon which holoenzyme is bound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that these cDNAs belong to a novel GST class hereby designated Kappa , with the rat GST subunit 13 gene designated rGSTK1 and the human gene being called hGSTK1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "rat GST subunit 13 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 115]}, {"entity": "rGSTK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "hGSTK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At onset of first post - weaning estrus , sows received either an intravulval injection of 3 . 75 mg of prostaglandin analogue ( PGF ) or , served as a non - injected control ( CON ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tbx6 maps to chromosome 7 and does not appear to be linked to any known mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tbx6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before therapy was started , trabecular bone alterations could be observed which were typical for Paget ' s disease of bone as there were bulky trabeculare , increased remodelling surfaces and giant osteoclasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 11 . 5 years of follow - up , 521 major coronary disease events had occurred , 261 fatal and 260 non - fatal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , additional studies on cell lines and whole animals are required to understand GnRH signaling in the context of other hormones during the reproductive cycle of mouse and human .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total meso - pore volume and surface area ranged from 0 . 004 - 0 . 08 cm3 g ( - 1 ) and from 0 . 33 - 6 . 9 m2 g ( - 1 ) respectively , accounting for up 33 % of the BET surface area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contraindications to adenosine and drug interactions are noted in this article .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of the odontoblast process in human dentin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On transfer from glucose , succinate , malate , or glycerol medium to citrate medium , the Cit + Escherichia coli strains showed a delay of 36 to 48 h before growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The index patient , a 10 - year - old boy , presents typical symptoms of OPD type I together with bowing of the long bones and abnormalities of the thorax and spinal column .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After enzymatic hydrolysis of the water soluble fraction , it is shown that 28 % is again extractable by DCM of which 57 % consists of unchanged SC4453 which is therefore the main partner of conjugated products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the members of this family display strong sequence homologies between their larger C - terminal effector binding / oligomerization domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microalbuminuria : a marker of systemic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term ambulatory measurement of transcutaneous arterial CO2 pressure ( PCO2 ) offers an opportunity to test directly the co - occurrence of panic and hyperventilation under natural conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An association was found between zafirlukast plasma concentrations and increases in PC8SRaw 10 h after treatment ( p = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most interestingly , although the effector plasmid containing the ICP27 gene had little effect on its own , two different and marked effects depending on the target were observed when ICP27 was combined with ICP4 or ICP0 or both .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICP27 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "ICP27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 189]}, {"entity": "ICP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 212]}, {"entity": "ICP0", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water pair and three - body potential of spectroscopic quality from Ab initio calculations", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the wa - 2 mutation was mapped previously to the vicinity of the EGF / TGF - alpha receptor ( EGFR ) gene on mouse chromosome 11 , we hypothesized that the wa - 2 phenotype might result from a defect in either the expression or activity of EGFR , or both .", "entity": [{"entity": "wa - 2 mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "EGF / TGF - alpha receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 99]}, {"entity": "EGFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "wa - 2 phenotype", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 180]}, {"entity": "EGFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 ) Mutation of the three extracellular cysteine residues of GFKAR beta indicated that the two conserved cysteine residues ( C305 and C385 ) , located between two transmembrane segments , form a solvent - accessible disulfide bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFKAR beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R of the chest wall was maximum ( 35 . 6 cmH2O . L - 1 . sec - 1 + / - 2 . 2 SE ) at 0 . 2 Hz - 10 ml and decreased with increasing f and VT , although the VT effect diminished at the higher f .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time dependence of frequency potentiation in the isolated guinea - pig ' s atrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with that of the Drosophila virilis gene shows that several blocks of amino acid sequence have been very highly conserved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila virilis gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - terminal exon1 had no homology at the amino acid level with NGFI - B , the mammalian homologue .", "entity": [{"entity": "NGFI - B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although RAD17 , RAD24 and MEC3 are not required for cell cycle arrest when S phase is inhibited by hydroxyurea ( HU ) , they do contribute to the viability of yeast cells grown in the presence of HU , possibly because they are required for the repair of HU - induced DNA damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAD17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "RAD24", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "MEC3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single oblique - view mammography for periodic screening for breast cancer in women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional toxicological considerations suggest that the adverse health effects of any necessary increase in coal combustion effluents would be greatest per unit of coal in those areas which are most heavily populated and have the highest preexisting levels of the gas - aerosol complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The arterial blood pressure was measured by using bloody method in anesthizied animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotinic receptor antagonists mecamylamine ( 0 . 5 and 1 mg / kg ) and hexamethonium ( 5 and 10 mg / kg ) reduced the response induced by nicotine ( 0 . 25 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotinic receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work represents an attempt to develop a method for measuring relative blood flow in intestinal capillaries , by the use of sodium fluorescein ( Na - F ) as an indicator substance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The matrix of the CBs contains the diagnostic protein p80 - coilin , which is colocalized with the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein ( snRNP ) , whereas the attached and embedded B - snurposomes contain splicing snRNPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "p80", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "coilin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tritium concentrations in environmental water samples were found to be determined within an accuracy of 10 % by this method when Vi / Vf was 14 - 25 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study suggest that in patients with syndrome X , myocardial ischemia frequently develops during daily life ; silent ischemia is an important component of this syndrome ; and increased oxygen demand in the presence of impaired coronary vasodilatory capacity is not the only cause of myocardial ischemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients with Ewing ' s sarcoma relapsed ( 1 patient with both local and distant failure ) at 26 and 58 months and were again rendered disease - free with surgery , total body irradiation and further chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the subcellular location , domain structure , and biochemical function of metaxin were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "metaxin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term renal function in on - heart - beating donor kidney transplantation : a single - center experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When single - point mutation was introduced to each GC box , EBS , and GT box in PFP9a20 , at least 3 - fold less CAT activity was observed in CTLL - R8 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "PFP9a20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - three percent had elevated titers ( above 1 : 20 dilution ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is , however , uncertainty as to how results obtained in recent experiments scale up to landscape and regional levels and generalize across ecosystem types and processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chest X - P revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lobe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite these high initial rates of transcription , of all the promoter constructs only LAT - LTR was able to remain transcriptionally active after the establishment of a latent state .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unestablished quail myoblasts were infected with a retroviral vector encoding the oncogenic form of H - Ras in order to investigate the mechanism by which this oncoprotein interferes with terminal differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "H - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exhaled NO was assessed by controlled - flow chemoluminescence after adjusting for trapped air and after generating pressure in the oral cavity that was sufficient to close the soft palate ( Eco Physics CLD 77 AM analyzer ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SATB1 interacted with CDP through its DNA - binding domain , as demonstrated by glutathione S - transferase ( GST ) pull - down assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "SATB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "CDP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "glutathione S - transferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 107]}, {"entity": "GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the inactive domain II P68 mutant and the deletion mutant lacking aa 91 - 243 were less inhibitory to growth in yeast due to the reduced ability to phosphorylate initiation factor 2 alpha in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "domain II P68 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 38]}, {"entity": "initiation factor 2 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Applying the experience mentioned above , 4 - META was used to bond a proprietary photocuring microfilled composite material to Class V cavities in freshly extracted human teeth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the mechanism of the intractability , cell function involved in the defense against infection was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Premenstrual Syndrome , the late luteal phase disorder of DSM - IIIR criteria , was identified in 6 % of the women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 5 - h thermal induction of cells carrying the runaway recombinant pBS1 , protein B2 constituted 40 % of the soluble protein fraction of the cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein B2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that patients with SS and evidence of exercise - induced ST - segment depression may have decreased myocardial oxygen supply due to low hemoglobin levels and increased myocardial oxygen demand ( elevated double products ) when compared to subjects with SS who do not have exercise - induced ST - segment depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest concentration of respirable mineral fibres was found during the overhaul of a truck with asbestos insulation ; respirable fibre concentration reached the value of 5 f / cm3 , and total dust concentration - the value of about 80 mg / m3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in the size and organisation of the brain in man and his ancestors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of action of local anaesthetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastric secretory inhibition induced by three methyl analogs of prostaglandin E2 administered intragastrically to man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , footprint II at position - 125 is common to both HeLa and GH3 cell extracts and overlies a 15 - base - pair sequence found in all members of the growth hormone gene family .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth hormone gene family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA sequence of the UL6 to UL20 genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus and characterization of the UL10 gene product as a nonglycosylated and nonessential virion protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "UL6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "UL20 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "UL10 gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike LANA1 , LANA2 does not elicit a serologic response from patients with KS , PEL , or CD as measured by Western blot hybridization .", "entity": [{"entity": "LANA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "LANA2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD4 degradation mediated by Vpu does not require the ER chaperone calnexin and is dependent on an intact ubiquitin - conjugating system .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Vpu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "calnexin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A deletion analysis of the FAS1 promoter lacking the previously characterized inositol / choline - responsive - element motif defined a region ( nucleotides - 760 to - 850 ) responsible for most of the remaining activation potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAS1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter constructs containing mutations in the PTRE sequence that selectively abolished the binding of either one or both complexes exerted opposite effects on the transcriptional activity of trypsin promoters in A . gambiae and Aedes aegypti cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTRE sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "trypsin promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This preliminary study reports an initial evaluation of HMPAO - SPECT imaging for assessing regional alterations in brain function during opiate dependence and withdrawal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revaluation at the end of the study showed a good compliance for the proposed diet scheme by children , but a poor compliance by their families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytostatic activity of some essential oils against HEp - 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Custom - made orthoses play an invaluable role in achieving a wide range of therapeutic goals : improving function and pinch , stabilizing individual joints , preventing positional contractures , protecting joints from trauma , stretching the intrinsic muscles , correcting joint - and soft - tissue contractures , and controlling inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excess recombinant PTB squelches the splicing switch and reestablishes exon skipping as the predominant splicing pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant PTB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among women , plasma factor VII : Ag was inversely associated with income .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma factor VII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We concluded that these results support the feasibility and usefulness of N - of - 1 RCT in rheumatology practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K562 erythroleukemia cells stably transfected with constructs containing the human Agamma - globin promoter linked to an enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP ) reporter , with or without HS2 , were analyzed for EGFP expression by flow cytometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Agamma - globin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 107]}, {"entity": "enhanced green fluorescent protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 155]}, {"entity": "EGFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "EGFP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we demonstrated that platelet - derived growth factor ( PDGF ) - beta receptor stimulation , but not various other growth factors , inhibits transcription of alpha1D - , but not alpha1A - or alpha1B - ARs , resulting in reduced norepinephrine - mediated SMC growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet - derived growth factor ( PDGF ) - beta receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 89]}, {"entity": "alpha1D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "alpha1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 196]}, {"entity": "alpha1B - ARs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( A short account of Karl Touton ' s life is also included . ) After reviewing the historical development of the concept of giant cells and current interpretations of their nature , the unitarian view of polykaryons now favored by workers in the field is extended to include also the \" xanthelasmatic giant cell \" of Touton , whose characteristic appearance is determined merely by the presence of demonstrable lipid in the cytoplasm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been previously demonstrated that LPS treatment of splenic B cells from athymic mice results in a decrease in steady state mRNA encoding the A alpha class II protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "A alpha class II protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After birth , there was a significantly higher increase of IgA and IgM anti - M . leprae antibody activity in sera taken 3 - 6 months after birth from babies of Group 1 compared to Group 2 , but the IgA and IgM activity in sera taken after 6 months of age showed the same increase in the two groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "IgM anti - M . leprae antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 97]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum estriol levels during beta - receptor agonist infusion in the third trimester of pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tiny premature infants also received PN for significantly longer periods of time , and the longer the infusions were administered the greater was the risk of cholestasis developing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that sae1 - 1 and sae3 - 1 mutations each confer a distinct defect in meiotic recombination . sae1 - 1 produces recombinants but very slowly and ultimately to less than half the wild - type level ; sae3 - 1 makes persistent hyper - resected meiotic double - strand breaks and has a severe defect in formation of recombinants .", "entity": [{"entity": "sae1 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "sae3 - 1 mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "sae1 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "sae3 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in the mucinous cyst group had significantly lower CA 125 cystic fluid levels compared with women with endometriomas and dermoids ( P & lt ; 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CA 125", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brains were processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine ( TMB ) protocol of Mesulam ( ' 78 ) and studied with darkfield microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of WT1 target gene expression in stably transfected cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "WT1 target gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some may affect the folding pathway or the affinity for chaperonins .", "entity": [{"entity": "chaperonins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amniotic fluid ionic concentration in response to chronic fetal vasopressin infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "fetal vasopressin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of bentonite in the compounding of hydrogels", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VBP and a1 / EBP could mediate the high rates of ALV and RSV LTR - enhanced transcription in bursal lymphoma cells and many other cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "VBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "a1 / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "RSV LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin therapy has been expanded by development of human insulin and new modes of injection , including insulin pumps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "human insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , anti - HIV gp120 and anti - CD4 crosslinking induced a 10 - 15 - fold increase in levels of both PI 3 - and PI 4 - kinase activity in anti - CD4 precipitates .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - HIV gp120", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "anti - CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - and PI 4 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 128]}, {"entity": "anti - CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genomic organization in this region is similar to the neural - restricted family members , Hel - N1 ( ELAVL2 ) and mHuD ( Elavl4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hel - N1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "ELAVL2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "mHuD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Elavl4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic active hepatitis and pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "42nd annual meeting of the American Academy of Oral Pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The biodistribution of 111In IgG is similar to that of 99mTc - HMPAO - labeled leukocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro DNA binding assays indicate that the elements identified can specifically interact with c - Ets - 1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Ets - 1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BCL - 6 POZ domain and other POZ domains interact with the co - repressors N - CoR and SMRT .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "N - CoR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "SMRT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since it is often necessary to resort to thoracotomy as a final step in making such a diagnosis , we have sought a procedure that is simpler while capable of providing the same information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the optic tentacle - gonadal axis in the control of the male - phase ovotestis in the slug ( Ariolimax californicus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein kinase C inhibitor GF - 109203X abolished the activation by phorbol ester and inhibited the effect of CCK by 78 % but had no effect on EGF - activated MAPK activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "CCK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four multicannulated Holstein steers ( initial BW 424 + / - 16 kg ) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to determine the influence of protein supplementation on forage intake , site and extent of digestion , and nutrient flow in steers consuming dormant bluestem - range forage ( 2 . 3 % CP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These morphological changes are associated with a marked induction of P450arom gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "P450arom gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This residue , although located 55 rather than 35 residues NH2 - terminal of the essential glutamate , is undoubtedly the analog of the second aspartate of the Asp - Asp - 35 - Glu motif found in other family members .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNase I protection analysis as well as oligonucleotide competition experiments indicate that this binding is sequence specific .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNase I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : After eligibility , patients were randomly allocated in one of the following groups : M = methylprednisolone 30 mg . kg - 1 over 1 hour , followed by 5 . 4 mg . kg - 1 . h - 1 for 23 hours , N = nimodipine 0 . 015 mg . kg - 1 . h - 1 over 2 hours followed by 0 . 03 mg . kg - 1 . h - 1 for 7 days , MN or P .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown previously that EGF receptor activation stimulates gastrin gene expression through a GC - rich element called gERE .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine cis - acting elements controlling the rat B - 50 / GAP - 43 gene expression , the genomic DNA encoding exon 1 and the 5 ' flanking sequence was isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "B - 50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "GAP - 43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traW gene of the Escherichia coli K - 12 sex factor , F , encodes one of the numerous proteins required for conjugative transfer of this plasmid .", "entity": [{"entity": "traW gene of the Escherichia coli K - 12 sex factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profilins IIa and IIb are also present in humans , suggesting that all mammals have three profilin isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Profilins IIa and IIb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "profilin isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results on the use of amiodarone in the prevention of paroxysmal AF have been equivocal ; this may be attributed to differences in defining paroxysmal AF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear localization of this SNF2 - like putative helicase is dependent on a nuclear localization sequence located in the NH2 - terminal region .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNF2 - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of these chemokines is similar in that both require the NF - kappa B element and additional regions such as the CAAT / enhancer binding protein ( C / EBP ) element of the IL - 8 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "CAAT / enhancer binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 154]}, {"entity": "C / EBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "IL - 8 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any opacity on a chest radiograph has a wide differential diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of p53 were substantially increased by E1A expression during adenovirus infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pathway has been reported to mediate heterodimer interactions with the proapoptotic regulator , Bad .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bad", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxicity of copper to the collembolan Folsomia fimetaria L . was studied in soil incubated with copper sulfate for different periods before the introduction of collembolans , to assess the effect of aging of contamination on the toxicity of copper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier published data , indicating Sp1 binding to the R1 alpha / beta regions , could not be confirmed , suggesting that the R1 initiator element may function independent of Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "R1 alpha / beta regions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to test whether a prolonged infusion of magnesium sulfate ( MgSO ( 4 ) ; 40 mmol / 24 hours ) would normalize QT interval variability in patients with compensated heart failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using probes containing C / EBP - binding sites from the iNOS gene revealed further binding of different complexes , all of which were strongly inducible by cAMP and to a lower extent also by IL - 1beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP - binding sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 47]}, {"entity": "iNOS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "IL - 1beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term follow - up of kidney donors : a longitudinal study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gore & Associates , Inc . ) standard wall graft segments varying in length from 4 to 12 cm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes the isolation and recombinant expression of a cDNA clone encoding HER4 , the fourth member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) family .", "entity": [{"entity": "HER4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "human epidermal growth factor receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 158]}, {"entity": "EGFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision of data from models of sodium kinetics in hemodialysis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytochrome bd biosynthesis in Escherichia coli : the sequences of the cydC and cydD genes suggest that they encode the components of an ABC membrane transporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cytochrome bd", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "cydC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "cydD genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "ABC membrane transporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We exposed Dorper - cross ewes at approximately 120 - 135 days of gestation to a hot ( 40 degrees C , 60 % relative humidity ) and a cold ( 4 degrees C , 90 % relative humidity ) environment and to treadmill exercise ( 2 . 1 km / h , 5 degrees gradient ) and measured fetal lamb and ewe body temperatures using previously implanted abdominal radiotelemeters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino - terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2 - adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist - promoted regulatory properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "human beta 2 - adrenergic receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A brief discussion for the relationship among these formulas is given .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The embryology of the vertebral column is reviewed briefly , and the origin of each anomaly of the C2 vertebra is traced to one of the two early stages in development as follows : 1 ) the formation of the mesenchymal vertebra or 2 ) its induction to cartilage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visualization of the cells by phase contrast microscopy indicated that murine PKCepsilon expression in the presence of glycerol resulted in a significant increase in the number of yeast cells exhibiting very small buds .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine PKCepsilon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12 per cent was observed with the use of tetracycline and 4 - epianhydrotetracycline in doses of 1000 and 100gamma per embryo respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA - binding proteins are without effect on the transcription of plasmids lacking binding sites or when the binding sites are located further upstream .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The duration of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha elevations as well as the peak values were influenced by day of the cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred men who received alpha - tocopherol were matched on age , study center , and length of time between blood draws to 100 men who received a placebo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum angiogenin concentrations in young patients with diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum angiogenin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bodily referents and the experience of affect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied about the histological findings of the kidneys including of the infiltrated macrophages in one hour post - transplantation kidney biopsies ( one hour biopsies ) and re - biopsies on 11 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human lbc oncogene product is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that specifically activates the Rho small GTP binding protein , thus resulting in biologically active , GTP - bound Rho , which in turn mediates actin cytoskeletal reorganization , gene transcription , and entry into the mitotic S phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "human lbc oncogene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "guanine nucleotide exchange factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 70]}, {"entity": "Rho small GTP binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 132]}, {"entity": "Rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "actin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There were no significant differences in the mean serum vitamin A , E concentrations and vitamin E / cholesterol ratio between pregnant women with normal hemoglobin and hemoglobinopathies , while confounding variables that might affect serum vitamin levels i . e . maternal age , gravida , BMI , gestational age , hematocrit , hemoglobin , mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and blood group were not different .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [337, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that SB 203580 sensitive p38 MAP kinases are not involved in okadaic acid mediated increases in TRE DNA binding and transactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "p38 MAP kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , group II showed a significant improvement in peak VO2 with rate adaptive AV delay compared to fixed AV delay programming ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This vector should be applicable for high - throughput characterization of new open reading frames found in genome sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each patient was seen for 5 to 13 postsurgical maintenance visits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for a role of Smad6 in chick cardiac development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smad6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall response rate including CR and PR was 23 . 5 % ( 4 / 17 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular responses to dopamine in dilated cardiomyopathy as assessed by two - dimensional echocardiography and compared with findings of thallium - 201 scintigraphy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Lateral PF OA was more common than medial PF OA ( P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we show that GATA - 1 and Sp1 synergize from a distance in constructs designed to mimic the architecture of globin locus control regions and downstream globin promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "globin locus control regions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 147]}, {"entity": "globin promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 5 , 850 C14 BP , the decrease in Acer stands could be attributed to fire as suggested by the strong increase in Betula and by the delayed expansion of Pinus cembra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . 7 + / - 0 . 6 micromol . kg - 1 . min - 1 ) but was not changed by training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide conservation of iscSUA genes in nature and evidence that NifU and NifS participate in the mobilization of iron and sulfur for nitrogenase - specific iron - sulfur cluster formation suggest that the products of the iscSUA genes could play a general role in the formation or repair of iron - sulfur clusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "iscSUA genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "NifU", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "NifS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "nitrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "iscSUA genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RET / PTC oncogenes , generated by chromosomal rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas , are constitutively activated versions of proto - RET , a gene coding for a receptor - type tyrosine kinase ( TK ) whose ligand is still unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "RET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "PTC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "proto - RET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "receptor - type tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 202]}, {"entity": "TK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diclofenac sodium : blood concentration of the slow - release form and influence on the metabolism of kallikrein .", "entity": [{"entity": "kallikrein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unc - 101 , sli - 1 , and rok - 1 genes encode a distinct set of negative regulators of vulval differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "unc - 101", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "sli - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "rok - 1 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized USF and MYC DNA - binding sites , which differ in the nucleotides bordering the hexanucleotide box displace the E - C4 factor in competition assays but with lesser efficiency than the E - C4 site itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "USF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "MYC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "E - C4 factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "E - C4 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH ) analysis showed that the novel regions involved in the NFKB2 rearrangement originated from chromosome 7q34 , thus implying the occurrence of a t ( 7 ; 10 ) ( q34 ; q24 ) reciprocal chromosomal translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFKB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Intradermally injected human squamous cell carcinoma cells were grown to 40 to 80 mm3 in athymic nude mice and irradiated with 675 - nm light ( 75 J / cm2 , 75 mW / cm2 ) 24 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of SiPc IV ( 1 . 0 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of space radiation are partially known on astronauts , but much remains to be discovered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , the amino - terminal regulatory arm of the GDI binds to the switch I and II domains of Cdc42 leading to the inhibition of both GDP dissociation and GTP hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "GDI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are two regulatory regions between the US3 and the US6 transcription units .", "entity": [{"entity": "US3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "US6 transcription units", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the virus - infected cells , translation of the M1 protein was reduced to 10 to 20 % of that of the wild - type virus ; however , the translation of neither the nucleoprotein nor NS1 was significantly interfered with , indicating the important role of NS1 in translational stimulation of the M1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "M1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "NS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "NS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [255, 258]}, {"entity": "M1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [295, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the predicted M3 ORF is a functional gene that encodes an abundant secreted protein which is a candidate for interacting with host cellular receptors or cytokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a positive correlation between change from baseline in parietal lobe gray - matter cytosolic choline , expressed in terms of choline / creatine resonance ratios , and cognitive performance as measured with the Alzheimer ' s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein encoded by the NF2 gene has a similarity to ezrin , radixin and moesin ( ERM ) proteins that link membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "ezrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "radixin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "moesin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "ERM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "80 v - ets - encoded amino - acids located immediately after the v - myb / v - ets junction are not found in P54 / 56c - ets , the translation product of the c - ets proto - oncogene , nor in a set of cellular proteins of 64 , 62 , and 60 kDa related to but distinct from P54 / 56c - ets .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - ets", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "v - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "v - ets", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "P54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "56c - ets", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "c - ets proto - oncogene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 182]}, {"entity": "P54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [272, 275]}, {"entity": "56c - ets", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [278, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretogranin II ( SgII ) is a secretory polypeptide stored in large dense core vesicles of neuroendocrine and neuronal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secretogranin II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "SgII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast translocation of G1 to the Golgi was not observed when G1 was coexpressed with NSm , although NSm itself was still detected in the Golgi .", "entity": [{"entity": "G1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "G1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "NSm", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "NSm", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that while a larger polypeptide substrate carrying the HD1 / 3C site was processed more efficiently than a polypeptide substrate carrying the POL / Zn site , cleavage of the synthetic peptide substrates containing these two cleavage sites occurred at similar efficiencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "HD1 / 3C site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "POL / Zn site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GBF1 and GBF2 mRNA is present in light and dark grown leaves as well as in roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "GBF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "GBF2 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this technique , the posterior wall of the neopharynx consists only of the prevertebral tissue , while the flap forms the anterior and lateral walls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data may indicate redundancy between members of the NGFI - B / Nurr1 / Nor1 subfamily and could explain why no phenotypic disturbances have yet been found in mice in which the NGFI - B gene has been inactivated .", "entity": [{"entity": "NGFI - B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "Nurr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Nor1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "NGFI - B gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway enhances long - range transactivation by the beta - globin locus control region ( LCR ) ( W .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 52]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "beta - globin locus control region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gp41 peptide ( Glu - Leu - Asp - Lys - Trp - Ala ) fused to the C - terminus of Sj GST forms a loop stabilized by symmetry - related GSTs .", "entity": [{"entity": "gp41 peptide ( Glu - Leu - Asp - Lys - Trp - Ala )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 54]}, {"entity": "Sj GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "GSTs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GST - CBL - LZIP fusion protein contains a binding site for the SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase , which mapped to Tyr731 , which is present in the sequence YEAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "GST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "CBL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "LZIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "p85 subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The testes of 8 specimens of Triturus marmoratus were collected during each month of 1987 and processed for electron microscopy and light microscopy demonstration of testosterone ( T ) following the ABC ( avidin - biotin peroxidase complex ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "avidin - biotin peroxidase complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have generated transgenic fly strains with mutations affecting specific TRA - 2 isoforms to investigate their individual roles in regulating the alternative processing of doublesex , exuperantia and tra - 2 pre - mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRA - 2 isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "doublesex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "exuperantia", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "tra - 2 pre - mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few triers or users had received SLT counseling from their dentist despite high dental utilization rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been no significant toxicity associated with repeated 5 - FU instillation into the airway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had complained of fever and right hypochondralgia 2 months after being operated for appendicitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , apoptosis in hematopoietic cells is the end result of a conflict between death and survival signals , rather than a simple death by default .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in testicular testosterone and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in testis and accessory sex organs after induction of varicocele in Noble rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reconstituted RNA polymerases containing the mutant alpha subunits were examined for their response to transcription activation by cAMP - CRP and the rrnBP1 UP element .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "cAMP - CRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "rrnBP1 UP element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in the greater omentum of mice of different strains after intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients , 750 mL of saline lowered DL ( CO ) ( - 8 % , P < 0 . 01 versus baseline ) , D ( M ) ( - 10 % , P < 0 . 01 versus baseline ) , aldosterone ( - 29 % , P < 0 . 01 versus baseline ) , renin ( - 52 % , P < 0 . 01 versus baseline ) , and hematocrit ( - 6 % , P < 0 . 05 versus baseline ) and increased V ( C ) ( 20 % , P < 0 . 01 versus baseline ) , without changing rap and wpp .", "entity": [{"entity": "renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible pressure - induced amorphization in solid C70 : Raman and photoluminescence study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies against REAP - 1 inhibit in vitro RNA editing reactions confirming its role in RNA editing .", "entity": [{"entity": "REAP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more severe the CRF , the more likely that total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol will be low .", "entity": [{"entity": "HDL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "HDL2 cholesterol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A conventional N - terminal signal sequence was not detected in the NodO protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "NodO protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean CD4 percentages were lower postpartum ( 21 . 9 + / - 3 . 4 ) than prepartum ( 45 . 1 + / - 6 . 7 ) in all five patients studied , although proliferative responses to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed were unchanged during the study period .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significance of the determination of vascular tonus in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and arteriosclerotic lesions of the heart and vessels in middle - aged and elderly persons with fibrillation arrhythmia", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disease processes that affect transplant patients both before and after transplantation are not seen frequently in the general practice of gastroenterology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Experiment 2 , levels were : amprolium and ethopabate , . 02 % ; salinomycin , 55 mg / kg ; monensin , 99 mg / kg ; and lasalocid , 110 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This duplicated genomic region is also linked tightly to D1Z2 , a genetic marker containing a highly polymorphic VNTR ( variable number tandem repeat ) consisting of an unusual 40 - bp reiterated sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "D1Z2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of transcription generated by all of these activators is greater than the sum of the levels generated by individual factors , a phenomenon designated transcriptional synergy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspartame is a synthetic sweetener commonly used in soft drinks and many foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under control conditions and in the presence of 3 micromol / kg MIB and VER the maximal effect of noradrenaline was reached at 0 . 1 micromol / kg whereas in the presence of 10 micromol / kg MIB and VER it was reached at a dose of 1 micromol / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highly conserved region of U6 snRNA has a structural similarity with the catalytic domain of the negative strand of the satellite RNA of tobacco ring spot virus [ ( - ) sTRSV ] , suggesting that the highly conserved region of U6 snRNA forms the catalytic center .", "entity": [{"entity": "U6 snRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "U6 snRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By computed homology search , we noticed significant similarities between US3 PK and p21 - activated kinase ( PAK ) , which is activated by the Cdc42 or Rac .", "entity": [{"entity": "US3 PK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "p21 - activated kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "PAK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "Rac", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using transgenic lines a detailed analysis of the Hoxa - 7 enhancer - directed expression during embryogenesis was performed . lacZ expression was first detected in the allantois at day 7 . 5 p . c . and in mesoderm and ectoderm at day 8 . 5 of gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hoxa - 7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its phosphorylation strongly potentiates its ability to activate transcription of the c - fos promoter through a ternary complex assembled on the c - fos serum response element .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - fos promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "c - fos serum response element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drosophila melanogaster casein kinase II ( DmCKII ) is composed of catalytic ( alpha ) and regulatory ( beta ) subunits associated as an alpha2beta2 heterotetramer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila melanogaster casein kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "DmCKII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II alpha gene expression by the p53 tumor suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA topoisomerase II alpha gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 45]}, {"entity": "p53 tumor suppressor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These conditions may determine an increase in the level of indoor pollutants ( tobacco smoke , gases produced by cooling processes etc . ) and of allergens derived from mites , domestic animals and cockroaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vav and Dbl are members of a novel class of oncogene proteins that share significant sequence identity in a approximately 250 - amino - acid domain , designated the Dbl homology domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vav", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Dbl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Dbl homology domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Levels of sIL - 2R were measured simultaneously in plasma and pleural fluid in 111 patients with pleural effusions of unknown causes .", "entity": [{"entity": "sIL - 2R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HCVR - L significantly increased dVAS / dPCO2 to 4 . 9 + / - 0 . 7 mm / Torr compared to HCVR - S ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right - sided hemiplegia of 5 years duration occurred in the remaining case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the excretion of selenium in urine and feces and distribution in the organs of rats by a method of radioactivity measurement", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LIF appeared to be released by the patient ' s peripheral blood lymphocytes when cultured with optimal doses of propranolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the findings confirmed previous studies which showed that monkeys with total bilateral striatectomies could require the ability to execute accurate visually guided reaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest risk of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes ( PPROM ) is preterm delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2 . 3 x 10 ( 3 ) base SUF12 + transcript contains an open reading frame sufficient to encode a 88 x 10 ( 3 ) Mr protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 . 3 x 10 ( 3 ) base SUF12 + transcript", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This regulation is mediated by several kinases that phosphorylate specific residues in the different functional domains of the p53 molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 molecule", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In group I during the pain free period 26 of 81 patients had positive thallium - 201 scans , whereas 20 patients had an abnormal ECG at that time ; during angina 18 patients had transient ECG changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the contribution of the M - MuLV enhancers to the transcriptional activity and pathogenesis of M - MuLV by constructing LTRs containing heterologous enhancer elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "M - MuLV enhancers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum creatinine kinase activity was 7 , 800 - 17 , 500 U / l , making acute muscle damage likely , probably rhabdomyolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional regulation of the murine k - fgf gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine k - fgf gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal arterial and sagittal sinus pH , base excess , po2 , and oxygen saturation decreased , and hydrogen ion concentrations and pco2 increased during asphyxia alone and asphyxia plus isoflurane - oxygen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the difference , both the Crk II and Crk II - 23 , proteins were expressed in E . coli and examined their binding capacity in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crk II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Crk II - 23", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth hormone exerts its effects on the ovarian follicular cycle directly or by local production of insulin - like growth factor 1 ( IGF - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "insulin - like growth factor 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 131]}, {"entity": "IGF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the most part , only aerobic microbial degradation systems have been reported so far .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is mediated by vascular remodeling , an active process that results in a change in the geometry of the blood vessel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that the posterior wall is more compliant than the anterior wall ( that is , for a given difference in transmural pressure , the local segment length change of the posterior wall was greater ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although cardiac output decreased slightly with PCF , hemodynamic changes due to PCF were unlikely to account for the observed fall in PaO2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swarming of Moraxella", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patient groups were studied : Type I - - with a new ePTFE graft ; and Type II - - with thrombectomy and / or revision of a previously placed ePTFE graft .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No consensus binding sequence could be discerned in these fragments and bound factor is in rapid equilibrium with unbound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a quantitative index of cochlear function , 2f1 - f2 distortion - product otoacoustic emissions ( DPOAEs ) were monitored systematically over time in three groups of rabbits , with each group experiencing a unique paradigm that incorporated repeated exposure to the low - frequency tone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quasidiatomic study of Ly - alpha - producing H2 + - Ne collisions at keV energies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed sequence elements which are conserved in many DNA and RNA polymerases .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA and RNA polymerases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "139La NQR relaxation and microSR study of Zn - doping effects in La2CuO4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported the first isolation of a c - myc - null cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myc - null", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study investigated the hypothesis that the combination of a high NaCl diet and social isolation stress would increase systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and endogenous sodium pump ligands ( SPL ) , ouabainlike compound ( OLC ) , and marinobufagenin ( MBG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percentage incremental 18 - OHB responses to metoclopramide were greater ( P less than 0 . 01 ) in the subjects after 5 days on a 200 - meq sodium intake than after 5 days on a 10 - meq sodium intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An additional stimulation of D1 receptors by giving SKF38393 30 min later produced an almost continuous pattern of jaw openings but less closure movements from the rest position , and the openings were accompanied by frequent tongue protrusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "D1 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Second malignant neoplasms ( SMNs ) are a rare occurrence after the successful treatment of childhood cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A p53 cDNA deletion mutant ( delta pro AE ) , which lacks this entire proline - rich domain ( deleted for amino acids 62 - 91 ) , was created and characterized for a variety of p53 functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in nifR1 ( ntrC ) and nifR4 ( rpoN , encoding sigma54 ) had no influence on xdh gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "ntrC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "nifR4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "rpoN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "sigma54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "xdh gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Candidate factors have been identified by the observation that changes in glucocorticoid induction parameters in CV - 1 cells could be reproduced by varying the cellular levels of coactivators [ transcriptional intermediary factor 2 ( TIF2 ) , steroid receptor coactivator 1 ( SRC - 1 ) , and amplified in breast cancer 1 ( AIB1 ) ] , comodulator [ CREB - binding protein ( CBP ) ] , or corepressor [ silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid - hormone receptors ( SMRT ) ] without concomitant increases in GR .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcriptional intermediary factor 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 232]}, {"entity": "TIF2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 239]}, {"entity": "steroid receptor coactivator 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 274]}, {"entity": "SRC - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [277, 284]}, {"entity": "amplified in breast cancer 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [293, 321]}, {"entity": "AIB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [324, 328]}, {"entity": "CREB - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [349, 371]}, {"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [374, 377]}, {"entity": "silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid - hormone receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [401, 464]}, {"entity": "SMRT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [467, 471]}, {"entity": "GR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [509, 511]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pyridostigmine inhibited AChE recovered only in the 100 mumol kg - 1 kg oxime groups at the end of the experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "AChE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared retrospectively the efficacy of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G - CSF ) alone with chemotherapy plus G - CSF in mobilizing CD34 - positive cells in patients with malignant lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "granulocyte colony stimulating factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 81]}, {"entity": "G - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "G - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "CD34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An additional dose of 20 - 25 Gy was delivered to the site of original involvement using an implant when feasible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the receptor induces Ret phosphorylation that leads the survival - promoting effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ret", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenovirus infection of hepatoma cells inhibited transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( GTP ) ( EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 32 ) ( PEPCK ) gene and virtually eliminated transcription of a chimeric gene which contained the PEPCK promoter linked to the structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 103]}, {"entity": "EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 32", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 131]}, {"entity": "PEPCK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "PEPCK promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 241]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [276, 309]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [312, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circulating immune complexes were determined by the method of phagocytosis and immunofluorescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LCCH1 was identical to the Rdl gene , a known GABA receptor subunit gene from D . melanogaster , whereas LCCH2 and LCCH3 were novel D . melanogaster sequences that exhibited structural similarity to other members of the ligand - gated chloride channel gene family .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCCH1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Rdl gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "GABA receptor subunit gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 72]}, {"entity": "LCCH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "LCCH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "ligand - gated chloride channel gene family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we investigated whether the cleavage of the RRKR motif of MT - MMP1 by Golgi - associated furin is analogous to a similar enzyme activation mechanism observed with stromelysin - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MT - MMP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Golgi - associated furin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 112]}, {"entity": "stromelysin - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lifestyle characteristics were ascertained by a self - administered questionnaire .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxalate oxidase method results in a mean and reference interval for oxalate excretion that are comparable with those by isotope dilution , gas - chromatographic , colorimetric , and other enzymic procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxalate oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal replication of DNA A still carrying the AC3 ORF mutation was found in extracts from these plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "AC3 ORF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kohtz , J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data are discussed in the context of the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of EEC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the fibrinogen gamma chain region Gly190 - Val202 functions as a minimal recognition sequence for the leukocyte integrin CD11b / CD18 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrinogen gamma chain region Gly190 - Val202", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 73]}, {"entity": "CD11b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "CD18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The audiologic presentation of vestibular schwannoma ( VS ) associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 ( NF2 ) has not been well characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Siglec - 9 is predicted to contain three extracellular immunoglobulin - like domains that comprise an N - terminal V - set domain and two C2 - set domains , a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail containing two putative tyrosine - based signaling motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Siglec - 9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin - like domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 84]}, {"entity": "N - terminal V - set domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 129]}, {"entity": "C2 - set domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of P carinii pneumonia was associated with the stage of Kaposi ' s sarcoma , B subtype disease , and the presence of 0 . 20 X 10 ( 9 ) / L ( 200 / mm3 ) or fewer CD4 cells at study entry .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dermatophagoides farinae - sensitized lymphocytes in asthmatic children as evaluated by interleukin - 2 ( IL - 2 ) production and acquisition of IL - 2 responsiveness", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma have a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma in the T1N1 and T2N1 subsets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA element through which EBNA - 3C activates the LMP - 1 promoter includes a Spi - 1 / Spi - B binding site , previously characterized as an important EBNA - 2 response element .", "entity": [{"entity": "EBNA - 3C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "LMP - 1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "Spi - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "Spi - B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "EBNA - 2 response element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on PCR strategies and expression studies , we define the genomic organization of the FUT8b gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "FUT8b gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cord formation in BACTEC 7H12 medium for rapid , presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the NMDA - receptor antagonist ( + / - ) - CPP on the conditioned - reflex activation of an operant reaction in the brain electrical self - stimulation test in rats", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with H7 did not affect IL - 4R - mediated immediate signaling events such as tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 , Jak3 , insulin receptor substrate ( IRS ) - 1 and IRS - 2 , or tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding of Stat6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 4R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "Jak1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "Jak3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "insulin receptor substrate ( IRS ) - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 167]}, {"entity": "IRS - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "Stat6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1982 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasodilation in congestive heart failure is an established therapeutic principal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The translational product of UL26 . 5 is infected - cell protein 35c , d ( ICP35c , d ) ( F .", "entity": [{"entity": "UL26 . 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "infected - cell protein 35c , d", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 72]}, {"entity": "ICP35c , d", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experience suggests that T2 weighting is adequate and is the method of choice for the early recognition of necrosis of the lunate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minor changes within the transmembrane domains ( TMs ) sometimes produced major effects and more drastic changes in the TMs ablated surface expression entirely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis of the mannitol operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum encoding a phosphotransferase system and a putative PTS - modulated regulator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian chromosome ends contain long arrays of TTAGGG repeats that are complexed to a telomere specific protein , the TTAGGG repeat binding factor , TRF1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTAGGG repeat binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 148]}, {"entity": "TRF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPV - 16 MARs are context dependent transcriptional enhancers , and activated expression of HPV - 16 oncogenes dependent on chromosomal integration may positively select tumorigenic cells during the multistep etiology of cervical cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vancomycin and tetracycline eliminated toxin in stools and delayed death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This combination is considered pathognomonic for factitious hyperinsulinism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The duration of naloxone appears to be dose - related , statistically significant up to approximately 1 . 5 hr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report the entire genomic structure of KCNQ1 , which consists of 19 exons spanning 400 kb on chromosome 11p15 . 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "KCNQ1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison between attenuation - corrected and - uncorrected transmission - emission SPECT images obtained with Tl - 201 in CAD patients", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reconstruction time for a 64 x 64 matrix is approximately 45 s / transaxial slice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hyperpigmentation is linked to the presence of numerous single melanosomes and polymelanosomes in keratinocytes at all levels of the epidermis , and in dermal Factor XIIIa - positive dendrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Factor XIIIa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immediate and remote results of surgical treatment of renal adenocarcinomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients underwent an electrophysiologic study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with this , archaea appear to lack eIF5 , eIF2B and the lysine - rich binding domain for these factors in their eIF2beta homolog .", "entity": [{"entity": "eIF5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "eIF2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "eIF2beta homolog", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the MCMI - III group profile was significantly lower in magnitude compared with the MCMI - II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spen is the only known homeotic protein with RNP binding motifs , which indicates that splicing , transport , or other RNA regulatory steps are involved in the diversification of segmental morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "homeotic protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of universal non - specific mechanism of action of external factors upon the living tissue based on the DEL - reaction is suggested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impairment of the nocturnal secretion was related to the subjects ' age and , for the GH secretory pattern only , also to the MMSE score .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we cloned the full - length cDNA of mouse PAX4 by RACE ( rapid amplification of cDNA ends ) using RNA from MIN6 cells , a mouse insulinoma cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAX4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen patients ( 25 . 4 % ) encountered rejection while weaning at median period of 9 . 5 months ( range , 1 - 63 months ) from the start of weaning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier nonoptical methods probably did not include the portion of the film that contained mucus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies specific to the different members of the Jun and Fos family of transcription factors show that , in gel retardation assays , a Jun - like factor is a component of the H3 . 2 specific complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "Fos family of transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 95]}, {"entity": "Jun - like factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 155]}, {"entity": "H3 . 2 specific complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Results of this study suggest that both male and female soldiers who are diagnosed with chlamydia infections have relatively high risks of reinfection through their 20s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that point mutations of the Abd - B gene in trans suppress the Fab - 7 phenotype in a pairing - dependent manner and thus represent a type of transvection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abd - B gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "Fab - 7 phenotype", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glucose effect on the pyruvate kinase gene is reversibly antagonized by agents increasing intracellular cAMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate kinase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the isolation of a new spindle checkpoint gene , mph1 ( Mps1p - like pombe homolog ) , in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , that is required for checkpoint activation in response to spindle defects . mph1 functions upstream of mad2 , a previously characterized component of the spindle checkpoint .", "entity": [{"entity": "mph1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Mps1p - like pombe homolog", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 99]}, {"entity": "mph1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 233]}, {"entity": "mad2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , measurements of shielded and unshielded syringes containing 99mTc - labelled radiopharmaceuticals were carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results in the untreated patients demonstrate the primary importance of bulk reduction at initial laparotomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertebrate U6 small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) loci exemplify a novel class of polymerase III - transcribed genes that lack an intragenic control region ( ICR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "U6 small nuclear RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 31]}, {"entity": "polymerase III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The well - trained group was measured once in the respiration chamber for 36 h according to the same protocol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PtdIns ( 4 , 5 ) P2 synthesis , on the other hand , is only moderately affected even in fab1Delta mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "PtdIns ( 4 , 5 ) P2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "fab1Delta mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein sequencing , electrophoretic mobility shift assay , and immunoblot analyses identify p54 and p47 / 48 as members of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 ( HNF3 [ forkhead ] ) family of transcription factors . p54 belongs to the subfamily of HNF3 beta proteins , while p47 / 48 binding activity includes HNF3 gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "p54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "p47 / 48", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "hepatocyte nuclear factor 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 155]}, {"entity": "HNF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "forkhead", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "p54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "HNF3 beta proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 262]}, {"entity": "p47 / 48", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [271, 279]}, {"entity": "HNF3 gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [306, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis indicated that inactivation of H - 2L expression in nearly every null clone resulted from an apparent deletion or rearrangement of 5 ' - flanking and 5 ' - coding H - 2L sequences , with breakpoints consistently mapping to within a 550 bp GC - rich region between exon 1 and the middle of intron 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H - 2L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "5 ' - flanking and 5 ' - coding H - 2L sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBD exploration was avoided in 7 patients with normal POC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutations prevent FKBP12 - rapamycin binding to TOR2 , as assayed with the two - hybrid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKBP12", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "TOR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psbA gene encodes the D1 protein of photosystem II , which is synthesized at very high rates in the light in order to replace photodamaged protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "psbA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "D1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "photosystem II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TCR beta enhancer was active on both the minimal simian virus 40 promoter and a TCR beta variable gene promoter in both TCR alpha / beta + and TCR gamma / delta + T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCR beta enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "minimal simian virus 40 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 77]}, {"entity": "TCR beta variable gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 115]}, {"entity": "TCR alpha / beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 140]}, {"entity": "TCR gamma / delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibrosis of the adjacent myocardium was seen in five cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symptoms , skin - prick tests ( SPT ) with environmental allergens and Pt salt , total serum IgE , lung function , and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were assessed by standard procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that T3R can repress or activate transcription while tethered to the LBD of GAL4 - RXR and that heterodimerization can occur in vivo without stabilization by hormone response elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "T3R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "GAL4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 4 % O2 ventilation , baseline pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR ) and the dilator response to both ACh and SNP were greater in 2D lungs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGF treatment increased cyclin A , cyclin G1 and nuclear transcriptional factor ( NFkappaB ) protein expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cyclin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "cyclin G1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "NFkappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , in adult animals , the suprabasal expression of dnRXR alpha significantly reduced the ability of topically applied tRA to stimulate proliferation of undifferentiated keratinocytes in the basal layer of epidermis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dnRXR alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third - order polynominal fit showed a good correlation for the parameter Q * and MTT , whereas T and SImax were found to have a poor correlation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article focuses on a general approach to the use of ARV agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although FKH2 is redundant with FKH1 in controlling pseudohyphal growth , the two genes have different functions in silencing HMRa .", "entity": [{"entity": "FKH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "FKH1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "HMRa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate the extensive homology in sequence among light chains of IgM kappa autoantibodies and indicate that a particular V kappa germ line gene , kappa IIIb , is expressed as a phylogenetic response to certain self antigens or as part of a selection process by which these autoimmune responses are regulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgM kappa autoantibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 107]}, {"entity": "V kappa germ line gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "kappa IIIb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of long term intravenous administration of naftidrofuryl ( Dusodril - Lipha Arzn ) twice daily in a dose of 200 mg in continuous , 4 - hour infusion in 500 ml 0 . 9 % NaCl to the patients suffering from a peripheral arterial occlusive disease ( PAOD ) in a clinical condition with special attention paid to transcutaneous partial oxygen pressure measurements ( tcPO2 ) and rheographic parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We concluded that RXR - gamma induced terminal differentiation in SCC lines , suggesting a potential tumor suppressor function for this transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "RXR - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , there is now appropriate recognition of the pivotal role of BP reduction in forestalling pressure - related cardiovascular complications , even among high - risk persons with diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA determinants required for L4 - mediated attenuation control of the S10 r - protein operon of Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "L4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "S10 r - protein operon of Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psh3 ( + ) gene encodes a protein of 215 amino acids , which shares a high degree of structural and functional similarity with Shr3p .", "entity": [{"entity": "psh3 ( + ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "Shr3p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A very large PC LAN as the basis for a hospital information system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rapid mixing device for quasielastic light scattering studies of reacting systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After institution of insulin treatment , diabetic control was improved as demonstrated by decreasing levels of HbA1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "HbA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not tested yet , whether the extent of glaucoma damage should be better quantified using reference plane 1 or 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the deduced amino acid sequence identity we designated GAPC1 and GAPC2 as group I ( 97 % identical ) and GAPC3 and GAPC4 as group II ( 99 . 4 % identical ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAPC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "GAPC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "GAPC3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "GAPC4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In analogy to human CD70 , mCD70 transcript levels are strongly but transiently up - regulated during lymphocyte activation , which is in line with a role for the CD27 - CD70 receptor pair early in the immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CD70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "mCD70 transcript", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "CD27 - CD70 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both parameters were determined in an individual eye by applying the dye first by iontophoresis and then by intravitreal injection , which allows the influence of fluorescein glucuronide on the fluorophotometric measurements to be excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase I clinical trial with a combination of methotrexate and mitomycin C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 114 animals were infected by E . coli O2 : K1 : H4 by the hematogenic route .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of a cDNA clone in yeast containing a large portion of the open reading frame produced cAMP PDEase activity identical in properties to the Drosophila enzyme affected by the dnc mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP PDEase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "dnc mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that , by interacting with cellular transcription factors and cofactors , vIRF - 2 may modulate the expression of the early inflammatory genes and potentially deregulate the immune system .", "entity": [{"entity": "vIRF - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been demonstrated that stimulation of the pontomesencephalic parabrachial region ( PBR ) by microinjection of cholinergic drugs or electricity in the cat produces potent pain suppression which is not antagonized by the opiate antagonist , naloxone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : The aim of this study was to assess static and dynamic bone changes in patients suffering from rickets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homeodomain transcription factor CDP / cut interacts with the cell cycle regulatory element of histone H4 genes packaged into nucleosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "homeodomain transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "CDP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "cut", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "histone H4 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K . , Weiss , M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , IF - laser therapy has a certain antioxidative effect by increasing SOD activity in RA patients ' blood cells and reducing the production of highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "SOD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During hexamethylene bisactamide ( HMBA ) - induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia ( MEL ) cells erythroid genes are transcriptionally activated while c - myb and several other nuclear proto - oncogenes are down - regulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now report identification and analysis of transcriptional activities mediated by three cis - acting sites within a 90 - bp portion of the rDNA enhancer designated the modulator region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background reduction with various agents had a prominent effect on DTIn1 as well as 99mTc - DTPA biodistribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of copper addition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In human WI38 cells , the E1B 19K gene mutant viruses had a substantial growth advantage over the wild - type virus , yielding 500 - fold - higher titers .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1B 19K gene mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cooperation between health and hospital services", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - terminal sequence of the extracellular MEP20 , TKVAS , was found at aa 194 - 198 within the ORF .", "entity": [{"entity": "extracellular MEP20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "TKVAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , mutations in element II result in changes in the RNA structure near element III , consistent with a long - range interaction that may promote translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( We observed a ferritin value as high as 47 mg / L in one patient . ) Results with all these kits did not inter - compare well for ferritin concentrations greater than 300 micrograms / L , a finding that casts further doubt on the controversial use of serum ferritin measurement in cases of iron overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "serum ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [253, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most other differences between these two Leporipoxviruses are located in the telomeres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Tat protein coded by human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) is a strong activator of viral gene expression from the long terminal repeat ( LTR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tat protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case report describes the treatment of a patient with periodontosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upstream tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases - 1 ( TIMP - 1 ) element - 1 , a novel and essential regulatory DNA motif in the human TIMP - 1 gene promoter , directly interacts with a 30 - kDa nuclear protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases - 1 ( TIMP - 1 ) element - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 76]}, {"entity": "human TIMP - 1 gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that U73 is involved in methylation of the G1739 residue of the human 28S rRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "U73", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "human 28S rRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the placebo nondepressed patients had significantly better treatment outcome compared with the placebo depressed patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were divided into six equal groups as follows : ( 1 ) no oral drug ( water ) , no hemodilution , no IV drug ( saline ) ; ( 2 ) oral water , hemodilution , IV saline ; ( 3 ) oral water , no hemodilution , IV propranolol ; ( 4 ) oral water , hemodilution , IV propranolol ; ( 5 ) oral propranolol , no hemodilution , IV saline ; and ( 6 ) oral propranolol , hemodilution , IV saline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found 4 highly conserved regions to vertebrate Hsp90 exclusively and 27 amino acids conserved among but differing between Hsp90 alpha and Hsp90 beta sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "vertebrate Hsp90", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Hsp90 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "Hsp90 beta sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four newborns in this group became HBsAg carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBsAg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It tends to be higher between frazioni of the same community than between communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous studies , we showed that the nuclear import of SREBP - 2 occurs via the direct interaction of importin beta with the HLH - Zip domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "SREBP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "importin beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The destruction of the mesometrium did not lengthen the oestrous cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ftz , on the other hand , influences Ftz - F1 activity by interacting with its AF - 2 domain in a manner that mimics a nuclear receptor coactivator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ftz", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Ftz", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "F1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type C units summate the responses to the two - tone stimulus , and show little or no inhibitory influences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19 , 4967 - 4973 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In the majority of patients with severe ulcerative colitis , circulating concentrations of NOX are increased at presentation and fall promptly during parenteral steroid therapy , irrespective of clinical outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cDNA for human microfibril - associated glycoprotein - 2 ( MAGP - 2 ) was used to screen a human leukocyte genomic DNA library in EMBL - 3 vector .", "entity": [{"entity": "human microfibril - associated glycoprotein - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 58]}, {"entity": "MAGP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening of a human foetal brain genomic DNA library allowed us to isolate an EcoRI - EcoRI fragment containing 6 kb of the 5 ' - flanking region , the open reading frame and 4 kb of the 3 ' - flanking region of the alpha2C4 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "EcoRI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "EcoRI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "alpha2C4 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using gel retardation analysis , four binding sites for Rap1p have been identified within the promoter of the RAP1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rap1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "RAP1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are transduced through TM to the cytoplasmic portion ( cytoloops and the C - terminal tail ) of the receptor and then , transferred to cytoplasmic signaling molecules , such as G protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "G protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sgs - 4 is one of the eight known genes coding for larval secretion proteins in Drosophila melanogaster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sgs - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike CSK , the SH3 domain of HYL was unique since the ALYDY motif was absent .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "SH3 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "HYL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enzyme is distinct from other known E3s , including E3 alpha / UBR1 , E3 beta , and E6 - AP .", "entity": [{"entity": "E3s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "E3 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "UBR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "E3 beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "E6 - AP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Although low levels of vIRF - 2 mRNAs can be detected in the HHV - 8 - positive BCBL - 1 tumor cell line , 12 - 0 - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate ( TPA ) treatment does not stimulate expression of vIRF - 2 gene together with primary lytic cycle genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "vIRF - 2 mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "vIRF - 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [213, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary TJRs were clinically evaluated for degree of osteoarthrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that this relatively small deletion affects a segment containing 3 ' VH genes with important regulatory functions , the loss of which leads to the ali phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 ' VH genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis triggered through Fas and F / F was inhibited by coexpression of CrmA and p35 , but not Bcl - xL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "F / F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "CrmA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "p35", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "Bcl - xL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of Helios was detected in the earliest hematopoietic sites of the embryo , in hematopoietic stem cells in the adult and was subsequently restricted to a subset of cells in the T cell lineage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helios", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It produced extrapyramidal disturbances in nearly every subject , the most common being akathisia and the most severe , in the case of one individual , being acute dystonia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopy of pH 7 . 5 - treated TMV particles incubated in SPN - treated wheatgerm extract or rabbit reticulocyte lysate , showed that approximately 10 % of virions complexed with one ribosome and approximately 10 % with two bound ribosomes , confirming that omega at least had been uncoated .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absorbance of the eluent was monitored at 254 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As anticipated , both intracellular p54 - SAPKbeta activation and Bcl - 2 phosphorylation are blocked by co - transfection with the MAP kinase specific phosphatase MKP3 / PYST1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p54", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "SAPKbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Bcl - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "MAP kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "MKP3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "PYST1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients studied were pregnant women and their delivered children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRP20 is related , both in structure and function , to the RCC1 gene of mammals and the PIM1 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe , both of which appear to regulate entry into mitosis and chromosome condensation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP20", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "RCC1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "PIM1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this oligonucleotide as a probe , an 8 - kilobase HindIII fragment of genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "HindIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rep proteins of adeno - associated virus type 2 ( AAV ) are known to bind to Rep recognition sequences ( RRSs ) in the AAV inverted terminal repeats ( ITRs ) , the AAV p5 promoter , and the preferred AAV integration site in human chromosome 19 , called AAVS1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rep proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "Rep recognition sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "RRSs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "AAV p5 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrocardiogram in tachycardia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is noteworthy that under more physiological conditions mimicking the cellular GDP / GTP ratio , Raf enhances the GEF - stimulated GDP / GTP exchange on Ha - Ras , in agreement with the sequestration of Ras . GTP by Raf .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "GEF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "Ha - Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "Ras . GTP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [205, 214]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [218, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we show that HNF - 4 , a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily , binds the AF - 1 site on the apoB promoter and through it activates transcription in transient transfection assays in both liver and non - liver cell lines , HepG2 and HeLa , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNF - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "steroid hormone receptor superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 91]}, {"entity": "AF - 1 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "apoB promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Cos 7 cells transfected with oCRF1var , cAMP accumulation was only observed at the highest concentration of oCRF utilized ( 100 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oCRF1var", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "oCRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usefulness of glucocorticoids in the treatment of congestive heart failure", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In 76 trials , 5 , 351 patients received 24 different regimens of droperidol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local median scores ( ranges ) of the above tests were as follows - AMT : 9 ( 6 - 10 ) ; CMMS : 25 ( 16 - 28 ) ; SBT : 2 ( 0 - 10 ) ; WL - i : 17 ( 8 - 27 ) ; WL - d : 5 ( 0 - 10 ) ; WL - r : 9 ( 1 - 10 ) ; ST : 13 ( 6 - 25 ) ; BNT : 14 ( 10 - 15 ) ; CPT : 1 ( 0 - 3 ) ; BDT : 19 ( 0 - 42 ) ; OAT : 20 ( 3 - 33 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organization of the MBP - A gene is very similar to the arrangement of the gene encoding the highly homologous pulmonary surfactant apoprotein , although one of the intron positions is shifted by a single amino acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "MBP - A gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "homologous pulmonary surfactant apoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma renin activity in essential arterial hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , cytokine - or hypoxia - induced up - regulation of Fas expression is associated with RTC apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fas", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the Reg1 - Glc7 phosphatase is a cytoplasmic component of the machinery responsible for returning Snf1 kinase activity to its basal level and reestablishing glucose repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reg1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "Glc7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "Snf1 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore further the role of the carboxyl - terminal domain in determining the cell cycle function of CDC34 , we constructed and characterized genes encoding chimeric E2s incorporating sequences from CDC34 and the related but functionally distinct E2 RAD6 ( UBC2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDC34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "chimeric E2s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "CDC34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 207]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [250, 252]}, {"entity": "RAD6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [253, 257]}, {"entity": "UBC2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [260, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In F9 , which is a prototype of embryonal carcinoma cells expressing hst , the expression of hst gene is positively regulated by a downstream octamer motif that functions as an enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "hst", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "hst gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , rubella IgM antibody was never detected after immunization in women who were HAI - negative and LA - positive during pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "rubella IgM antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) large T antigen and human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV16 ) E7 protein also bind host regulatory factors , we investigated whether these viral proteins can complement E1A mutants which are defective in early gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) large T antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 46]}, {"entity": "human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV16 ) E7 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 100]}, {"entity": "E1A mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only viable bacteria at a high concentration induced purulent otitis media , which was culture positive in 58 % of the cases on day 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that hobbies / leisure activities , mobility , transport , social relationships , working capacity , energy and doing things slower were aspects relevant to IPF patients ' QOL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residues that affect PLCbeta and adenylyl cyclase II activity are found on opposite sides of the central tunnel , suggesting that PLC and adenylyl cyclase , like the alpha subunit , make many contacts on the top surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLCbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "adenylyl cyclase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "PLC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "adenylyl cyclase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One new ORF , YBR0224 , was detected , coding for a protein with 918 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "YBR0224", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The law and the chiropractor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A distinct 5 ' - sequence in clone hMIWC2 suggested an alternative upstream transcription initiation site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rectal temperatures after the walk were greater ( P < . 001 ) in native Simmental ( 39 . 87 + / - . 05 degrees C ) than in Bos indicus ( 39 . 46 + / - . 05 degrees C ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "98 , 93 - 98 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the pre3 - 2 mutation strengthened phenotypes induced by other 20 S proteasomal mutations , indicating that the peptidylglutamyl peptide - hydrolyzing activity has to fulfill some rescue functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "pre3 - 2 mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "20 S proteasomal mutations", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mammalian protein called RFX or NF - X binds to the X box ( or X1 box ) in the promoters of a number of major histocompatibility ( MHC ) class II genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFX", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "NF - X", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "major histocompatibility ( MHC ) class II genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result suggests that the target protein specificity of E2s can be altered by the addition of appropriate C - terminal extensions , thus providing a way to modify the selectivity of the ubiquitin system .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pattern of expression and differential processing suggests a role for inrpk1 in some aspect of SD photoperiodic - induced flowering in morning glory .", "entity": [{"entity": "inrpk1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - expression of a gag - TRalpha fusion protein in AEV - transformed cells and addition of ligand derepresses CAII transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "TRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "CAII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 400 - bp fragment ( bp - 339 through + 71 ) of the CD22 promoter region was subcloned into a pGEM - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vector and after transfection into B and T cells was found to be active in both B and T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD22 promoter region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the duration of varicocele per se could affect DHT seminal plasma levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five RNA transcripts of about 1 . 2 to 1 . 7 kilobases were mapped to a part of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 ( Chilo iridescent virus ; CIV ) between genome coordinates 0 . 832 and 0 . 856 within the EcoRI DNA fragment F .", "entity": [{"entity": "EcoRI DNA fragment F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutting the intraorbital nerves produced a temporary retrieval impairment that was indistinguishable from that produced by intramystacial lidocaine injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comparisons of swimming performance before and after treatments with deltamethrin have shown a significant effect on locomotory ability of rainbow trout which at the end of strong exposure ( e . g .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased trabecular spacing , such as it occurs in osteoporosis , reduces the spatial field inhomogeneity and thus prolongs T2 * , which has been shown both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decidual / trophoblast prolactin - related protein : characterization of gene structure and cell - specific expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Decidual / trophoblast prolactin - related protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the cognitive performance of elderly subjects could be trained to a large extent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The map is based on the CEPH reference pedigrees and includes over 4000 new genotypes , our previously reported data plus 29 allele systems from the published CEPH version 5 database , and was constructed using the program package CRI - MAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RMR was positively correlated with TEF ( r = 0 . 613 , p < 0 . 01 ) and net TEF ( r = 0 . 648 , p < 0 . 005 ) in the luteal but not the follicular phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "132 varix ligations were performed during 44 separate EVL sessions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine individuals who were stable after 1 month of therapy at low dosage were randomized to a further month of therapy at low or high dosage , during which one of four at high dosage had a partial response , and none of five at low dosage manifested response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A factor present in nuclear extracts of wounded potato tubers was found to bind specifically to nucleotides located between - 135 to - 105 , suggesting that this region contains important cis - regulatory elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two genes from the family encoding mouse ribosomal protein S16 were cloned , sequenced , and analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse ribosomal protein S16", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile reflux demonstrated by 99m Tc disofenin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mode of action is often suggested as an explanation for the different slopes of concentration - effect curves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two full - length clones ( pBCH1 and pBCH2 ) were isolated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In dehydrated animals at Ta 38 degrees C , Tb and EWL were both significantly altered ( P less than 0 . 001 ) from the normally hydrated state and were measured at 39 . 9 + / - 0 . 2 degree C and 0 . 84 + / - 0 . 09 W . kg - 1 respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimum cooling rate from RT to 5 degrees C resulting in maximum survival of human spermatozoa was found to be 0 . 5 to 1 degree per minute when cooled from RT to 5 degrees C and subsequently frozen - thawed in liquid nitrogen ( LN2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replacement of a valine ( V68 ) in the ETS domain of SAP1a by aspartic acid ( as found in c - Ets - 1 , Elk - 1 , and Net ) enhanced ternary complex formation by more than 60 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "SAP1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "c - Ets - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Elk - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Net", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylprednisolone and U - 74006F were equally effective at preventing neurological dysfunction compared to the control group ( p less than 0 . 01 ) ; U - 78517F was slightly less effective than U - 74006F and methylprednisolone but was significantly better than vehicle in preventing neurological dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison between the Ricketts and Bimler therapeutic technics in the treatment of cases of class II , division I mmalocclusion", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sample size requirement for repeated measurements in continuous data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection assays using the first 600 bp of the upstream nucleotide sequences indicated that a region from - 75 to - 120 was necessary for the ALDH2 gene expression , and especially NF - Y / CP1 binding site from - 92 to - 96 ( CCAAT box ) is important in the expression of the gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALDH2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "NF - Y", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 190]}, {"entity": "CP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report five of 13 evaluable patients undergoing allogeneic sibling BM or PBSC transplantation for MM between 1990 and 1997 who met the criteria for adjuvant alpha - IFN therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - IFN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the 5 ' and 3 ' untranslated regions also show significant similarity to the murine gene , with 79 and 70 % sequence identity , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma Pi , tibia breaking strength , and percentage of tibia ash were increased by raising dietary Pav in the presence of . 392 % A1 with either level of Ca .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minimal region which stimulates origin function mapped to 50 amino acids within the C - terminus of Abf1p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abf1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) is an inducible cytokine that is essential for the normal growth and development of various tissues , such as the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatocyte growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "HGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To summarise quantitatively the association between moderate alcohol intake and biological markers of risk of coronary heart disease and to predict how these changes would lower the risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1991 ) EMBO J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue - specific gene regulation of eukaryotic organisms is to a large extent mediated by transcription factors that interact with genomic DNA sequences in a sequence - specific manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teratospermia is therefore an important factor in evaluating fertilization capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic DNA blot analysis indicates that the trout L2 locus has a cluster - like organization similar to the trout L1 locus and the IgL locus of several teleost fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "trout L2 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "trout L1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "IgL locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic polymorphisms in the 5 ' - flanking region change transcriptional regulation of the human cytochrome P450IIE1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human cytochrome P450IIE1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As exogenously expressed PKR can form heterodimers with endogenous PKR , the results obtained on the functional characterization of mutant forms of PKR have been taken with caution .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "endogenous PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "PKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal JNK MAPK kinase activity was also specifically induced by deltaEGFR , which correlated with increased phosphorylation of a 54 - kDa JNK2 protein observed in deltaEGFR - containing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "JNK MAPK kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "deltaEGFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "54 - kDa JNK2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 150]}, {"entity": "deltaEGFR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation and properties of Drosophila melanogaster ferritin - - molecular cloning of a cDNA that encodes one subunit , and localization of the gene on the third chromosome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drosophila melanogaster ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single - copy U20 sequence is located on the same DNA strand as the nucleolin mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "U20 sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "nucleolin mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum baroreceptor activity measured at 140 mm Hg and the slope of the pressure - activity curve were reduced in atherosclerotic ( n = 15 ) compared with normal ( n = 13 ) rabbits ( 425 + / - 34 versus 721 + / - 30 spikes per second and 6 . 2 + / - 0 . 6 versus 10 . 8 + / - 0 . 8 spikes per second per mm Hg , respectively , P < . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effective use of superoxide dismutase from human erythrocytes in the late stages of experimental influenza infection", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide dismutase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EMT was localized to chromosome 5q31 - 32 , a region that contains the genes for several growth factors and receptors as well as early activation genes , particularly those involved in the hematopoietic system .", "entity": [{"entity": "EMT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , neither SF - 1 nor NGF - IB alone , binding as monomers , increases transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "SF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "NGF - IB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both purH and purD genes constitute a single operon and are coregulated in expression by purines as other purine genes are .", "entity": [{"entity": "purH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "purD genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "purine genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to investigate the physical distribution and revealed that both retrotransposon families are present on all sugar beet chromosomes and largely excluded from chromosomal regions harbouring the 18S - 5 . 8S - 25S rRNA genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "18S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 239]}, {"entity": "5 . 8S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 248]}, {"entity": "25S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [251, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the method using an 11 - year microseismicity record revealed systematic spatial and temporal changes in the slip rate that were synchronous with earthquake activity and other independent measures of fault - zone slip .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we have identified the major open reading frame ( RF4 ; 2 . 3 kb ) as being essential for activation , and we have shown that the NF kappa B , SP1 , and TATA box motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus LTR are all required for full induction of the promoter by the HHV - 6 - encoded transactivator .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "SP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [190, 222]}, {"entity": "HHV - 6 - encoded transactivator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [282, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two conserved motifs , W89RKRRY94 and P156KKIKP161 , seemed to act as nuclear addressing signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All testosterone treatments raised plasma testosterone concentrations above control and pretreatment levels ( testosterone and synovex + testosterone > synovex > control ; all P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The educational program was the significant factor that influenced the change of concern trajectories , and the recurrent / non - recurrent factor influenced the change of concern only in pamphlet group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snails infected with three or five miracidia produced more metacercariae than those infected with a single miracidium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence that the AT1A receptor activates transcription factor - Stat91 and / or a related protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "AT1A receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "transcription factor - Stat91", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two estimates of the fractal exponent are considered which do not suffer from this limit : one derived from the Allan variance , which was developed by the authors , and one based on the periodogram .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The full - length cDNA was cloned and sequenced , and the inferred amino acid sequence was found to encode a novel protein , which we named cystatin M , with 40 % homology to human family 2 cystatins and similar overall structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystatin M", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "human family 2 cystatins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , oxyR mutants are locked on for Ag43 expression , whereas dam mutants are locked off for Ag43 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxyR mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "Ag43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "dam mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Ag43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GH induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein at approximately 93 kDa in normal fibroblasts , and Western blotting with STAT - specific antibodies revealed STAT5 activation ( phosphorylation ) by GH .", "entity": [{"entity": "GH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "STAT - specific antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The team physician and conditioning of athletes for sports : a consensus statement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental exposure of poults with each of two strains representing the rarely reported capsular group B indicated that both were virulent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A drop of methylprednisolone acetate or vehicle constituent was placed on the dissected plantar nerve proximal to the stimulating electrodes after recording control responses ( A - fibre volley in the sciatic nerve and C - fibre evoked reflex discharge in flexor motoneurons ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Case of nephrotic syndrome caused by gold preparations", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pax - 6 constructs lacking the C - terminal activation domain repressed betaB1 - crystallin promoter activity as effectively as the full - length protein , but the PD alone or Pax - 6 ( 5a ) , a splice variant with an altered PD affecting its DNA binding specificity , did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pax - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "betaB1 - crystallin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 100]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 166]}, {"entity": "Pax - 6 ( 5a )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [226, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is considered important , therefore , when treating diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy not to assume that the diabetes itself is the cause in all cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective study of clozapine and electroencephalographic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While working on the toxicity of war gases . he formulated ' Haber ' s rule ' , also known as C x T = constant in order to characterize the toxicity of an inhalant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the regulation conferred on a reporter gene in Drosophila by three closely related sequences demonstrates that even subtle sequence changes within an E box or flanking bases have dramatic consequences on the overall repertoire of proteins that can bind in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sensititre MIC panels containing meropenem offer a convenient and valid alternative to the NCCLS reference method for the susceptibility testing of potential pathogens likely to be recovered from mixed infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two putative ATP - binding domains were identified , one in the amino - terminal half of the argA - encoded protein and the other in the carboxy - terminal half .", "entity": [{"entity": "argA - encoded protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we identified two human SMC family proteins , hCAP - C and hCAP - E , which form a heterodimeric complex ( hCAP - C - hCAP - E ) in the cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "human SMC family proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "hCAP - C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "hCAP - E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "hCAP - C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "hCAP - E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no major postoperative complications and at follow - up of the 13 patients at 10 to 26 months after operation the results were satisfactory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interleukin - 2 receptor alpha ( IL - 2R alpha ) chain gene contains a sequence similar to the immunoglobulin ( Ig ) kappa ( kappa ) enhancer NF - kappa B binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin - 2 receptor alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "IL - 2R alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "immunoglobulin ( Ig ) kappa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 126]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1996 ) J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of a short ( 70 bp ) intron near the N - terminus of the atX gene was predicted that contains the canonical GT and AG dinucleotides at its 5 ' - and 3 ' - splicing junctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "atX gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the reaction of cytochrome c with corticosteroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with Ann Arbor classification , we observed 12 CS IA ( 21 . 3 % ) , 2 CS IB ( 3 . 5 % ) , 14 CS IIA ( 25 . 4 % ) and 27 CS IIB ( 49 . 7 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results can be summarized as follows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of expression of the PDE protein was monitored by immunoblot analysis using two specific cAMP - PDE polyclonal antibodies and by measuring the PDE activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDE protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "cAMP - PDE polyclonal antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 131]}, {"entity": "PDE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HL is hypothesized to directly couple HDL lipid metabolism to tissue / cellular lipid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "HL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "HDL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the organization of the sequence of the human ABP / DAO gene reveals that the 2 . 4 - kilobase messenger RNA is transcribed from two close origins identifying the proximal promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "DAO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rottlerin also inhibited the activation of MAP kinase kinase ( MEK ) in response to activated Raf , but had no effect upon c - Raf activity or ERK activation by activated MEK .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP kinase kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "c - Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially if the number of dimensions of the samples is large , it can be said that BPN is better than k - NN in classification ability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several DNA clones were obtained by this procedure , one of which , clone 18 , is reported and characterized here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation of cell lysates with anti - phosphotyrosine and immunoblotting showed phosphorylated forms of the mitogenic pathway proteins Shc and MAPK in addition to p185 ( neu ) , suggesting that the Ras to MAPK mitogenic pathway is activated .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - phosphotyrosine", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "p185", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence immediately upstream of the translation start site was G + C rich ( greater than 75 % ) and contained a consensus CCAAT sequence despite the absence of a TATA box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of various pathological lesions in thymus , spleen , lymph nodes and bone - marrow is frequently observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : After 3 weeks of therapy , the patient had an increase in platelet count from a baseline of 5 , 000 to 8 , 000 / microliter to a maximal level of 33 , 000 / microliter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the latter , the cells and adjacent matrix had several characteristics of fibrocartilage , including chondrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiation sensitivity of rats irradiated in a condition of hypoxia", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the opioid antagonist was administered to animals 24 hr after termination of single or multiple exposures to restraint , NALT - induced increases in basal plasma LH were significantly attenuated in the chronically stressed rats compared to animals subjected to stress only once or not at all . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CBP / p300 stimulated both TGF - beta - and Smad - induced transcription in a Smad4 / DPC4 - dependent fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "p300", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Smad", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "Smad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "DPC4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of exon 2 of the factor IX gene revealed a C - - > T mutation in codon 10 of the propeptide region , resulting in the substitution of alanine by valine .", "entity": [{"entity": "factor IX gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the restricted tissue expression of gonadotropin and TSH receptors in gonads and thyroid , respectively , LGR4 is expressed in diverse tissues including ovary , testis , adrenal , placenta , thymus , spinal cord , and thyroid , whereas LGR5 is found in muscle , placenta , spinal cord , and brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "gonadotropin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "TSH receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "LGR4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "LGR5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [251, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that purified recombinant c - sis / PDGF can induce this binding activity which we have termed SIF , for sis - inducible factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - sis", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "PDGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "SIF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "sis - inducible factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antinuclear antibodies , rheumatoid factor and C - reactive protein in serum of normal women using oral contraceptives .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "C - reactive protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that AChE activity tends to decrease in individuals sampled in tanks at a salinity of 30 per thousand as temperature increases .", "entity": [{"entity": "AChE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between donor status for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and the occurrence of non - A , non - B posttransfusion hepatitis in the recipient was prospectively studied in 112 patients undergoing open - heart surgery who were followed for 6 . 5 months after surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B core antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both control and Mn - exposed quail accumulated 5 to 10 times more Mn in their livers than similarly treated rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggested that mutant PS1 may cause disease as a result of reduction in PS1 function .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant PS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "PS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to phosphorus limitation , the fungus Neurospora crassa synthesizes a number of enzymes that function to bring more phosphate into the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 6 was detected in the urine of 52 % of children with pyelonephritis compared with 15 % of other children ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of pretreatment with the non - competitive NMDA antagonist ( + ) MK - 801 on the behavioral alterations induced by repeated restraint stress were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiation was delivered in a single 4 - mJ pulse of 200 microseconds duration by means of an articulated zirconium fluoride optical fibre and a 320 - microns quartz - fibre tip .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MsEPV genes with putative functions in prevention and repair of DNA damage include a complete base excision repair pathway ( uracil DNA glycosylase , AP endonuclease , DNA polymerase beta , and an NAD + - dependent DNA ligase ) , a photoreactivation repair pathway ( cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase ) , a LINE - type reverse transcriptase , and a mutT homologue .", "entity": [{"entity": "uracil DNA glycosylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 147]}, {"entity": "AP endonuclease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 165]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 187]}, {"entity": "NAD + - dependent DNA ligase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 225]}, {"entity": "cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [267, 306]}, {"entity": "LINE - type reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 346]}, {"entity": "mutT homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [355, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In isolated olfactory cilia certain odorants elicit a rapid and transient cAMP response , terminated by a concerted process which requires the action of two protein kinases , protein kinase A ( PKA ) and a receptor - specific kinase ( GRK3 ) ( Schleicher , S . , Boekhoff , I .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "receptor - specific kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 232]}, {"entity": "GRK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results corroborate the proposed physiological function of CCoAOMT in elicited plant cells and may shed new light on the sequential action of trans - active factors in the regulation of phenylpropanoid genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCoAOMT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two hundred and eighty - three patients , 217 females ( median age 24 years , range 0 . 5 - 73 ) and 66 males ( median age 20 years , range 0 . 75 - 72 ) , were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pneumatic dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter was accomplished by endoscopic visualization and positioning of a modified polyurethane dilator ( 90 F diameter ) without fluoroscopy in 17 consecutive patients with advanced symptomatic achalasia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organotins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of mutations were constructed within the E2 open reading frame which delete various regions of the conserved DNA binding and transactivation domains as well as the internal hinge region .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that chromatic processing in areas V1 and V2 is normal after V4 lesions and , together with the behavioural evidence , that these areas are sufficient for some basic aspects of colour perception .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study has shown that this number can be halved with treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non - major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) - encoded CD1 family has recently emerged as a new antigen - presenting system that is distinct from either MHC class I or class II molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - major histocompatibility complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 42]}, {"entity": "MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "CD1 family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "MHC class I or class II molecules", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [159, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroglycerin ( glyceryl trinitrate ) as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxazosin produced increases in both mean and maximum urinary flow rates of 1 . 01 ml / s and 3 . 2 ml / s respectively , compared with 0 . 21 ml / s and 2 . 2 ml / s on placebo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gypsy element present at the forked locus of Drosophila melanogaster in the f1 allele .", "entity": [{"entity": "gypsy element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "forked locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that BUR6 encodes a homolog of DRAP1 ( also called NC2alpha ) , a mammalian repressor of basal transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "BUR6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "DRAP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "NC2alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ATF / CRE site is also essential for CD4 promoter activation by forskolin , an activator of adenylate cyclase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "CD4 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "adenylate cyclase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results point towards post - translational steric and / or allosteric control of EKLF function that may be important not just for its DNA binding ability , but also for its potential to interact with other proteins that fully establish the correct stereospecific array leading to efficient switching of beta - globin transcription during development .", "entity": [{"entity": "EKLF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "beta - globin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [309, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are growth - inhibited by TGF - beta1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGF - beta1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colonization increased with level of care : from 9 per cent in independent residents of apartments to 60 per cent in patients on an acute hospital ward ( P less than 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction of the v - rel protein with an NF - kappa B DNA binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - rel protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B DNA binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CVO2 saturation is a reliable and sensitive method for detecting blood loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin intron a silent branch point - like sequence ( UACUAAG ) is located 7 nt upstream of the canonical sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin intron", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elevated levels of inositol phosphates resulting from N ( epi ) alpha qQ209L expression were similar to those obtained with carbachol activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ( epi ) alpha qQ209L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To increase the number of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils , the patient was treated with recombinant granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor ( GM - CSF ) at a dose of 2 micrograms protein / kg bodyweight s . c . / 12 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 163]}, {"entity": "GM - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PrRP rapidly and transiently activated extracellular signal - regulated protein kinase ( ERK ) in both types of cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PrRP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "extracellular signal - regulated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 86]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , PEG influenced in vitro drug availability considerably , by increasing both drug solubility and dissolution rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible topology of a bifunctional transmembrane protein depends upon the charge balance around its transmembrane domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have documented previously that glucocorticoid hormones modulate the posttranslational localization of cell surface mouse mammary tumor virus ( MMTV ) glycoproteins in the viral - infected M1 . 54 rat HTC hepatoma cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrast radiography appears to be an especially inaccurate method to document PUD in CF because the duodenal mucosa typically appears nodular and distorted with poor definition of the mucosal folds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spodoptera frugiperda ( Sf9 ) cells have proved a suitable cell system in which to study this association and to produce recombinant CR3 , and we show here that another lepidopteran cell line , Trichoplusia niTN - 5B1 - 4 ( High - Five ) cells , allows the recovery of large amounts of functional recombinant CR3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "recombinant CR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "functional recombinant CR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [286, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the standard scoring , children with full scale IQ < or = 84 on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence at age 4 - 5 years were poorly identified ( sensitivity 54 % ) from the composite S - B IV score at age 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relation between the changes of bone density and the level of blood calcium , blood phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase ( AKP ) as well as the metabolism of vitamin D was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 123]}, {"entity": "AKP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the mechanisms that regulate transcription of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene and to generate multiple species of mRNA , we isolated genomic DNA clones for the human and mouse GTP cyclohydrolase I genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP cyclohydrolase I gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 86]}, {"entity": "GTP cyclohydrolase I genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perception of sweetness cannot be used to accurately meter the metabolizable energy or nutritive value of a food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that termination is a highly specific event , and not merely a consequence of decreased stability of the EC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All sows nursed nine pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When labeled by the described method , 99mTc on DTPA coupled antibodies shows instability in serum but superior stability than 99mTc on antibodies without the attached DTPA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structure of the yeast Phe - tRNAPhe ternary complex with Thermus aquaticus EF - Tu - GDPNP ( Phe - TC ) has previously been determined as one representative of this general yet highly discriminating complex formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phe - tRNAPhe ternary complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 64]}, {"entity": "EF - Tu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Phe - TC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that GCN4 contains two activation domains of similar potency that can function independently to promote high - level transcription of the target genes HIS3 and HIS4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCN4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "HIS3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 176]}, {"entity": "HIS4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U . S . A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human plastin genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human plastin genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of the CCAAT / enhancer binding protein - alpha transcription factor in the glucocorticoid stimulation of p21waf1 / cip1 gene promoter activity in growth - arrested rat hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCAAT / enhancer binding protein - alpha transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 73]}, {"entity": "p21waf1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "cip1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrate that a p110RB1 mutant , which is refractory to cell cycle phosphorylation but intact in E1a / large T antigen - binding properties , represses EIIaE with 50 - to 80 - fold greater efficiency than wild - type p110RB1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p110RB1 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "E1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "large T antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "EIIaE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 168]}, {"entity": "wild - type p110RB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the target stimuli , P3 amplitude and latency were negatively correlated and most tightly coupled over the frontal - central and right medial / lateral recording sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have characterized a new cDNA , 33k - 6 , potentially encoding a tobacco 33 kDa chloroplast RNP ( cp33 ) homologue .", "entity": [{"entity": "tobacco 33 kDa chloroplast RNP ( cp33 ) homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though it has been established that skinfold anthropometry has severe limitations as a method of deriving total body fat ( TBF ) , the possibility that the problem might be related more to the assumptions implicit in densitometry has to be addressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene GPR 51 was localized by radiation hybrid mapping to chromosome 9 , 4 . 81 cR from the WI - 8684 marker , and proximal to the hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gene GPR 51", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ) During O2 - ischemia both extracellular [ K + ] and change of pH in the subepicardium are significantly less than in the midmyocardium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these physiological responses are regulated via activation of transcription factors such as activator protein 1 ( AP - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "activator protein 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 119]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 . 6 - kb cDNA ( CBF - A ) encoding 285 amino acids ( aa ) was obtained , and a beta - galactosidase fusion protein , bacterially produced from the cDNA , bound to DNA fragments containing several CArG boxes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBF - A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "beta - galactosidase fusion protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alveoli - capillary diffusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pattern of expression of this and other Chi26 / Chi33 chimeric promoters suggest that the E - region contains cis - acting sequences which activate transcription in aleurone and silence transcription in leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chi26", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Chi33", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "E - region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interobserver agreement of the Nottingham histologic grading scheme for infiltrating duct carcinoma breast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have demonstrated that the specific determination and identification of plasma FbDP alone is not sufficient to follow the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "FbDP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the role of the transmembrane region of HN on fusion - promoting activity , mutant HN proteins were expressed and their biological activities examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "HN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "mutant HN proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , transgene expression directed by both the human and mouse Rb promoters is restricted to a subset of tissues in which Rb is normally expressed during embryogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse Rb promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "Rb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cDNA is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 298 amino acids that is homologous to the Y - box ( inverted CCAAT ) family of DNA - binding transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Y - box ( inverted CCAAT ) family of DNA - binding transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAP has been shown to be a useful vaccine target site , and RIP and inhibitory AIPs as therapeutic molecules to prevent and suppress S . aureus infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "RIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "AIPs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , mutations in the IFNgamma - activated sequence ( GAS ) , either multimerized or in the context of the 1 . 7 - kb IRF - 1 promoter , failed to mediate a PRL response , showing that the IRF - 1 GAS is a target of PRL signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFNgamma - activated sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 54]}, {"entity": "GAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "1 . 7 - kb IRF - 1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 137]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "IRF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 199]}, {"entity": "GAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 203]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [219, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both RAR - and RXR - specific ligands increase CaSki number by > or = 20 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tight - binding band structure calculations for beta - MNX ( M = Zr , X = Cl , Br ; M = Hf , X = Cl ) , ZrCl , and Y ( 2 ) C ( 2 ) Br ( 2 ) are reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same high degree of sequence homology between the two F . diplosiphon PC alpha and PC beta sequences ( 85 and 77 % , respectively ) was found at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels , and similar results were obtained for interspecies comparisons .", "entity": [{"entity": "PC alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "PC beta sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the expression of Id4 in Sertoli cells is only detectable after stimulation with FSH or cAMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "FSH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the physical interactions between Sxl and Snf , we present a model for Sxl splicing regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sxl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Snf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Sxl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It thus seems likely that genistein affects a common pathway downstream of these signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LiF thermoluminescence dosimeters ( TLD ) in chip form were placed onto 1 eyelid , the skin over the thyroid , and the patient ' s clothes covering the region of breasts and ovaries of female patients and the testicles of male patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several positive clones were isolated , one of which encoded the C - terminal 253 amino acids of a putative RNA helicase , a DEAD box protein designated DDX3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "DEAD box protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "DDX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The related tumor suppressor , p130 , also effects this function . p107 levels increase substantially as cells progress through S phase . p107 induction of E2F DNA binding was observed primarily in S phase cells coincident with the increase in p107 protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "p130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "p107", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "p107", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 142]}, {"entity": "E2F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "p107 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [244, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude from these observations that the cTnC 3 ' Ile element is a composite enhancer that functions through the combined interactions of at least five regulatory elements and their cognate binding factors : three or four E - boxes , a MEF - 2 site , and a MEF - 3 site .", "entity": [{"entity": "cTnC 3 ' Ile element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "MEF - 2 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "MEF - 3 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [261, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the secreted , truncated receptor encoded by the 2 . 6 - kb c - erbB transcript can bind to TGF alpha and may play an important growth - regulatory function in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 . 6 - kb c - erbB transcript", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 103]}, {"entity": "TGF alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we review evidence on smoking and lung cancer among Latinos , including findings from several unpublished studies and technical reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several large waterborne outbreaks occurred during the past decade , most were in small communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the metabolic effects induced by thiazide diuretics , however , can be limited by the use of low doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of colicins required different domains in TonB , for colicin B and M around residue 160 and for colicin Ia , a domain closer to the C - terminal end .", "entity": [{"entity": "colicins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "TonB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "colicin B and M", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "colicin Ia", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phase II study of interferon - alpha , interleukin - 2 and 5 - fluorouracil in advanced renal carcinoma : clinical data and laboratory evidence of protease activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "interferon - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "interleukin - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three putative ORFs have significant homology with known proteins : L0968 is a new member of the very large ' seripauperins ' family , comprising at least 20 yeast members ; L1313 is a new ABC transporter highly homologous to the yeast cadmium resistance protein Ycf1p and to the human multidrug resistance protein hMRP1 ; the C - terminal part of L1325 present in our sequence is very homologous to the fruit fly abdominal segment formation protein Pumilio .", "entity": [{"entity": "L0968", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "' seripauperins '", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "L1313", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "ABC transporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 204]}, {"entity": "Ycf1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [263, 268]}, {"entity": "human multidrug resistance protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [280, 314]}, {"entity": "hMRP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [315, 320]}, {"entity": "L1325", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [348, 353]}, {"entity": "Pumilio", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [450, 457]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we reported the identification of a 23 - kD protein that interacts with zyxin in vitro ( Sadler et al . , 1992 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zyxin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most significantly , the cyclin E - Cdk2 complex is maximally active at the G1 / S transition , and overexpression of cyclin E decreases the time it takes the cell to complete G1 and enter S phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we demonstrate that FRS2 forms a complex with the N - terminal SH2 domain of the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in response to FGF stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRS2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "N - terminal SH2 domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 131]}, {"entity": "FGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In static conditions , body sway was assessed using a conventional force platform with eyes open and with eyes closed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiserum raised against rat liver S6 kinase specifically immunoprecipitates the purified 32P - labeled H4 hepatoma insulin - stimulated S6 kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat liver S6 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "S6 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , SHIP catalyzes the conversion of the phosphoinositide 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) product phosphatidylinositol 3 , 4 , 5 - trisphosphate ( PIP3 ) into phosphatidylinositol 3 , 4 - bisphosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "SHIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 75]}, {"entity": "PI3K", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A species comparison of cDNA sequences and isolation of a genomic clone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study of the intensity of pain evoked by heat is relatively exhaustive : the influence of various local , stimulus - dependent or general factors upon threshold values has been well studied , as has the relation between pain and stimulus intensities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they had no cross - resistance to quinolone , josamycin and tylosin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A search was conducted for suppressors of the inositol auxotrophic phenotype of the ino4 - 8 mutant of yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "ino4 - 8 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic osteopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple technique for obtaining ultra - thin sections of coccidian oocysts is reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data , taken together , suggest that CRF produces its behavioral activating and anxiogenic effects , at least in part , by increasing the activity of LC noradrenergic neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moyamoya is an intriguing and controversial syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ethnic analysis was made of 8947 cases of primary central nervous system ( CNS ) tumors seen at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology ( AFIP ) , Washington , DC , from 1971 to 1985 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SN - 38 rebound concentrations were observed in many courses at about 0 . 5 to 1 hour following the end of the i . v . infusion , which is suggestive of enterohepatic recycling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kondo effect in Cu ( Fe ) films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The S3 protein also contains a DNA repair activity , efficiently processing 8 - oxoguanine residues in DNA via an N - glycosylase / apurinic - apyrimidinic ( AP ) lyase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "S3 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "N - glycosylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "apurinic - apyrimidinic ( AP ) lyase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The orf2 gene product is a protein of 79 amino acids with characteristics similar to those of the Tat ( transactivator ) proteins of the ungulate lentiviruses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "transactivator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes a longitudinal study in which clinical parameters and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) were monitored bimonthly over a 6 - 12 months period in 970 sites from 7 treated periodontitis patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate aminotransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 101]}, {"entity": "AST", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that unlike the case for sos1 , sos2 gene function is dispensable for normal mouse development , growth , and fertility .", "entity": [{"entity": "sos1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "sos2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding is of importance because it completes an explanation for central near - location errors in the partial - report bar - probe task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were treated with either 4 . 8 million units of procaine penicillin with 1 g probenecid , 3 . 5 or 4 . 5 g of ampicillin with 1 g probenecid , or 9 . 5 g of tetracycline given over 4 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we analyzed the interaction of the Lactococcus lactis Ll . LtrB group II intron endonuclease with its DNA target site by DNA footprinting and modification - interference approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lactococcus lactis Ll . LtrB group II intron endonuclease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of JEA2 cells with interleukin ( IL ) - 7 induces CBLB phosphorylation as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "interleukin ( IL ) - 7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "CBLB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmid pNK21 , in which 2 . 05 - kb sequence covering the region encoding the nitrilase was was placed under the control of the lac promoter , directed overproduction of enzymatically active nitrilase in response to addition of isopropyl beta - D - thiogalactopyranoside in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrilase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "lac promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "enzymatically active nitrilase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penicillamine - induced myasthenia gravis associated with antibodies to acetylcholine receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV cross - linking and Southwestern analysis suggested that KTP1 is a DNA - binding protein clearly distinct from AP2 , and this protein may be responsible for the basal keratinocyte - specific expression of the BPAG1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "KTP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "AP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "BPAG1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In frozen sections the spots appear as blue labelled neurones with a light microscope , or as a brilliant red neurones surrounded by reddish tissue with a fluorescence microscope .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Elevation of TBARS and decrease of GSH show the presence of oxidative stress during the PFD treatment with hemodiafilter SG3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the DMA , but unlike all other mammalian class II A genes , the zebrafish gene codes for two cysteine residues which might potentially be involved in the formation of a disulfide bond in the alpha 1 domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "mammalian class II A genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For any given age , high - stressed plantaris tendons were of a higher fatigue quality than low - stressed extensor tendons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mutated ABF1 site that displays a very low affinity for ABF1 does not functionally replace the ILV1 REB1 site .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutated ABF1 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 19]}, {"entity": "ABF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "ILV1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "REB1 site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is of interest that , aside from starvation , the nutrition catastrophes of the past , including scurvy ( vitamin C deficiency ) resulting from lack of fresh vegetables and fruit and beriberi ( vitamin B1 deficiency ) from consumption of polished rice , are forgotten and only of interest as history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , overexpression of the DREB2A cDNA induced weak expression of the target genes under unstressed conditions and caused growth retardation of the transgenic plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "DREB2A cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , c - Src phosphorylated FAK Tyr - 925 in a glutathione S - transferase - FAK C - terminal domain fusion protein , whereas FAK did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "FAK Tyr - 925", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "glutathione S - transferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 80]}, {"entity": "FAK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aetiology and management of diabetic impotence is well - documented ; the effects of diabetes on female sexuality are not so clear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The percentage distribution of types of fixation disparity curves was found to be similar to some previous studies , with a higher prevalence of Type I curve ( 64 . 3 % ) , followed by Type II ( 28 . 6 % ) and Type III ( 7 . 1 % ) curves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . 23 ) as a PPARalpha - interacting protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPARalpha - interacting protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reading disability in twins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the 5 ' and 3 ' termini of the transcripts produced in vivo from the puf operon of R . sphaeroides PUF delta 348 - 420 ( three transcripts ; 0 . 59 , 0 . 64 , and 2 . 63 kilobases ) lacking the puf - intercistronic terminator structure were identical to those of the corresponding puf transcripts derived from wild - type R . sphaeroides 2 . 4 . 1 ( four transcripts ; 0 . 50 , 0 . 66 , 0 . 71 , and 2 . 7 kilobases ) showing that the transcripts begin and end at the same sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "puf operon of R . sphaeroides", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 110]}, {"entity": "PUF delta 348 - 420", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "puf transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [293, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean amount of blood loss prior to time of injection was 4 . 5 units ( a range of 3 to 10 units ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of the drugs used in the management of MAC have been associated with significant drug interactions involving the cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) enzyme system .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytochrome P450", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapy and prevention of irreversible shock with pharmacological doses of some corticosteroids", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of the cka1 delta cka2 - 8 mutant phenotype occurs by interaction of CKB1 with the defective , cka2 - 8 - encoded , catalytic subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "cka1 delta cka2 - 8 mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "CKB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "cka2 - 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically , Cyps were first identified by their ability to bind the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A ( CsA ) with high affinity ; they later were found to have peptidyl - prolyl cis - trans isomerase ( PPIase ) activity , which catalyzes the folding of oligopeptides at proline - peptide bonds in vitro and may be important for protein folding in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "peptidyl - prolyl cis - trans isomerase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 207]}, {"entity": "PPIase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [210, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced glutathione in whole blood decreases within a blood Se range of 1 . 01 to 2 . 28 micrograms in the high Se area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter elements and transcriptional control of the mouse acetylcholinesterase gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse acetylcholinesterase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge 108 cases of EAT treated by catheter ablation of the ectopic focus are reported in the literature with a success rate superior to 90 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report two cases of orbital cavernous hemangioma diagnosed by Tc - 99m RBC SPECT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "250 , 302 - 311 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arterial compliance measurements using intraarterial pulse contour analysis and a modified Windkessel model were carried out in 19 patients with isolated systolic hypertension ( > or = 160 / < or = 90 mm Hg ) and compared to measurements in 29 patients with essential hypertension ( diastolic blood pressure [ BP ] > or = 95 mm Hg ) and 47 normotensive control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between CSF somatostatin and peripheral thyroid hormones was assessed in 11 affectively ill patients before and during carbamazepine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSF somatostatin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the requirement for CREM / ICER and Rad6B proteins in spermatogenesis , we determined expression of Cdc34 , Rad6B , CREM / ICER isoforms , and the Skp1 - Cullin - F - box ubiquitin protein ligase subunits Cul - 1 and Cul - 2 , which are associated with Cdc34 activity during murine testicular development .", "entity": [{"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "ICER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "Rad6B proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Cdc34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "Rad6B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "CREM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "ICER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "Skp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "Cullin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 169]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "Cul - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "Cul - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [226, 233]}, {"entity": "Cdc34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [262, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the early 1900s , a genetic hypothesis has been suggested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kettin is a large modular protein associated with thin filaments in the Z - disc region of insect muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kettin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To probe the inter - relationship between the virion - anchoring function and the oligomerization function , we constructed two serotype 3 ( T3 ) sigma 1 deletion mutants in SV40 expression vectors , one lacking the hydrophobic tail and the hinge , and the other lacking an adjacent region which constituted part of the coiled - coil .", "entity": [{"entity": "sigma 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first description of an integron located on a composite transposon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of early detection and correction of the possible causes , the goal of increasing therapeutic efficacy can be achieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Single white flash ERG , photopic ERG , scotopic ERG and flicker ERG were recorded in 30 cases of unilateral CRVO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULT ( S ) : A prospective study was conducted with 44 cycles for 34 couples with nafarelin acetate ( group 1 ) and 47 cycles for 40 couples with buserelin acetate ( group 2 ) with a long IVF protocol ; 68 cycles for 46 couples with nafarelin acetate ( group 3 ) and 56 cycles for 39 couples with buserelin acetate ( group 4 ) with a short IVF protocol ; 39 cycles for 32 couples with nafarelin acetate ( group 5 ) and 50 cycles for 30 couples with buserelin acetate ( group 6 ) with a long ICSI protocol ; and 87 cycles for 60 couples with nafarelin acetate ( group 7 ) and 81 cycles for 61 couples with buserelin acetate ( group 8 ) with a short ICSI protocol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the beta - galactosidase gene result in the lysosomal storage disorders GM1 - gangliosidosis and Morquio B syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - galactosidase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiographic follow - up was obtained in 92 % of patients with a primary success of angioplasty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is only loosely associated , or not associated , with viral particles . gp170 is generated by an alternatively spliced Env mRNA using a splice donor and splice acceptor pair localized within the env open reading frame ( ORF ) , which is normally used to generate Bell and Bet transcripts derived from the internal promoter within the env ORF . gp170 is expressed at a level 30 to 50 % of the Env precursor gp130 .", "entity": [{"entity": "gp170", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "Env mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "env open reading frame ( ORF )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 238]}, {"entity": "Bell", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [276, 280]}, {"entity": "Bet transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [285, 300]}, {"entity": "env ORF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [347, 354]}, {"entity": "gp170", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [357, 362]}, {"entity": "Env precursor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [405, 418]}, {"entity": "gp130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [419, 424]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are both insensitive to inhibitors of serine and aspartyl proteinases but are sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents and 0 . 5 mM ZnCl2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine and aspartyl proteinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Brassica BTH1 gene may correspond to the Arabidopsis TH - 1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brassica BTH1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "Arabidopsis TH - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopic visualization of the general population of active genes in flies overexpressing hnRNP proteins also indicated that the great majority of genes seemed normal in terms of cotranscriptional RNA processing events , although there were a few abnormalities consistent with rare exon - skipping events .", "entity": [{"entity": "hnRNP proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ESR spectra of Er3 + in SmB6 single crystals : Dynamic Jahn - Teller effect in a mixed - valence compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T . infestans , T . delpontei , T . rubrovaria , T . sordida , T . guasayana and T . vitticeps from infestans subgroup and T . pallidipennis from rubrofasciata , were studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the same single - amino - acid mutations were directly introduced into the parental PV / CBV4 - 2A genome , chimeric viruses with a large - plaque phenotype and a wild - type PV - like growth pattern were obtained upon transfection , an observation demonstrating that these point mutations alone had a drastic effect on the growth of the PV / CBV4 chimeric virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the 2127 - bp cDNA encodes a functional feline L / B / K - type ALP expressed on cell surfaces via phosphatidylinositol - glycan linkage .", "entity": [{"entity": "L / B / K - type ALP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical experience gained from a combined study of 252Cf brachytherapy by the staff - members of the Research Institute of Medical Radiology , USSR AMS , was generalized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the VBP - 1 protein was solely expressed , it located to the cytoplasm and did not localize to the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "VBP - 1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of endogenous Cdk2 by dominant negative Cdk2 attenuated phosphorylation of Thr447 , Thr490 and Thr497 , but had no effect upon Ser581 modification .", "entity": [{"entity": "endogenous Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "dominant negative Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass was based on an algorithm using point - of - care testing with whole blood prothrombin time , activated partial thromboplastin time , heparinase activated clotting time , and platelet count .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood prothrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 147]}, {"entity": "thromboplastin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "heparinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocarditis remains a life - threatening disease with substantial morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association between diaphragm use and asymptomatic bacteriuria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high prevalence of atrial septal defect in tetralogy of Fallot is cited as a possible analogy because right ventricular pressure is high and right ventricular compliance is low from birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experience in a Kenya district hospital", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we studied the relationship between initial percentage of bone marrow plasma cells and prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of larger cDNA clones demonstrates that there are at least two isoforms of RIP14 that differ in the N - terminal ( A and B ) and hinge ( D ) domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIP14", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genomic clone of the chicken osteopontin - encoding gene ( opn ) was isolated and found to be organized as follows : an untranslated 5 ' exon ; a signal peptide ; a recognition sequence for phosphorylation by casein kinase II ; a domain containing a possible O - linkage site for glycosylation ; a second casein kinase II phosphorylation site ; an exon containing three functional regions , the poly - Asp sequence of seven consecutive Asp residues , the RGD integrin recognition site and a potential N - linkage site for glycosylation ; and a large C - terminal exon which also contains a potential N - linkage site for glycosylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken osteopontin - encoding gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 58]}, {"entity": "opn", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "casein kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 227]}, {"entity": "casein kinase II phosphorylation site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 344]}, {"entity": "RGD integrin recognition site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [457, 486]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entire coding region of an ovine endometrial oxytocin receptor ( OTR ) cDNA was generated by PCR , subcloned into the SV40 major late promoter expression vector pSVLJ and transiently expressed in Cos - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovine endometrial oxytocin receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 66]}, {"entity": "OTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "SV40 major late promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical review of tests for the HBs antigen in the detection of infectious blood", "entity": [{"entity": "HBs antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diff - Quik stain for Tzanck smears .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disease - free interval was greater in node - negative Lx patients for both T1 ( P less than 0 . 007 ) and T2 ( P less than 0 . 05 ) presentations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion analysis defines distinct functional domains for protein - protein and nucleic acid interactions in the ORF1 protein of mouse LINE - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ORF1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "LINE - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergen - stimulated levels of PGD2 were 1274 + / - 565 versus 1468 + / - 679 after prednisone ; likewise , allergen - stimulated 5 - HETE levels were 95 + / - 21 versus 82 + / - 21 ; those of LTE4 were 54 + / - 20 versus 91 + / - 51 ; and those of 15 - HETE were 63 + / - 19 versus 60 + / - 25 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To confirm the data obtained using the HPLC - ESI - MS procedure , fractions of the glycosides from four berries were separated , hydrolyzed , silylated and the sugars were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usefulness of computerized tomography in hemodialysis patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence of use , claims volume , and expenditures were compared for cisapride , proton pump inhibitors , histamine - 2 receptor antagonists , and the prokinetic agent metoclopramide during these periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine - 2 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the quasiparticle scattering rate tau ( - 1 ) is such that Planck ' s over 2pi / tau approximately 6t ( perpendicular ) , implying that kappa - ( BEDT - TTF ) 2Cu ( NCS ) ( 2 ) meets the criterion used to identify interlayer incoherence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced gene product was found to have significant sequence similarity to the yeast and prokaryotic RNA polymerase subunits involved with subunit assembly .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast and prokaryotic RNA polymerase subunits", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two of these nine patients , a decrease in dyskinesia score was observed without a concomitant worsening of parkinsonian symptoms , whereas in the remaining seven , full parkinsonian akinesia followed THDL administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , an analogous myristoylated peptide derived from c - Yes also has no inhibitory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Yes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of the leukocyte EL - 246 antigen was regulated in the same manner as L - selectin and EL - 246 recognized anti - L - selectin mAb affinity - purified antigen in SDS / PAGE Western blot analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyte EL - 246 antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "L - selectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "EL - 246", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "anti - L - selectin mAb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A proposed method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two SH3 domains are separated by a 54 amino acid linker region , whose length is highly conserved in xenopus , chicken , and mamalian Crk II proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "mamalian Crk II proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical trial of a new mitomycin C derivative , KW - 2083 ( 7 - N - ( p - hydroxyphenyl ) - mitomycin C )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with active TB , cytokines that were elevated in serum were IFN - gamma , IL - 6 and IL - 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "IL - 10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of p50 in transient cotransfection studies using the proximal CRP promoter ( - 125 / + 9 ) linked to a luciferase reporter caused a 3 - fold increase of luciferase activity , while C / EBPbeta overexpression caused an 18 - fold increase ; simultaneous overexpression of both transcription factors increased luciferase activity approximately 600 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "CRP promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "luciferase reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 137]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "C / EBPbeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [322, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complexities in the host - pathogen interactions during actual infection with Gram - negative bacteria may account for the difficulties in demonstrating this phenomena in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKCI - 1 is a member of the HIT family of proteins , shown by sequence identity to be conserved in a broad range of organisms including mycoplasma , plants , and humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKCI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "HIT family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 , 320 cells / mm3 , respectively ; P less than . 005 ) ; twelve ( 86 % ) of the 14 inmates who developed AIDS had counts of less than 5 , 000 cells / mm3 , compared with only six ( 14 % ) of the 42 controls ( P less than . 00001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hpr1 forms , together with Tho2 , Mft1 , and Thp2 , the THO complex , which controls transcription elongation and genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hpr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Tho2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "Mft1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Thp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "THO complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new model for objective assessment of cervical ripening : the effect of prostaglandin E2 and prelabor contractility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - secreting islet - cell tumours of the pancreas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suprapubic and intravesical methods", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work established that the TAL1 proteins are phosphorylated exclusively on serine and identified Ser122 as a substrate for the mitogen - activated protein kinase ERK - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAL1 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 169]}, {"entity": "ERK - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of ALAD activity and EP as cumulative lead exposure indicators is suggested .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALAD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescence obtained using antibodies against alphaI SigmaI / + + betaI SigmaI spectrin and Abl tyrosine kinase but not against alphaII / betaII spectrin colocalized with the overexpressed green fluorescent protein - SH3 - binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "alphaI SigmaI / + + betaI SigmaI spectrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 94]}, {"entity": "Abl tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "alphaII / betaII spectrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 160]}, {"entity": "green fluorescent protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 221]}, {"entity": "SH3 - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The present study showed it is possible to use a modified Stroop task as a measure of implicit processing of alcohol stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the rapid light - mediated increase of CPRF proteins was insensitive to transcriptional inhibitors , suggesting that a post - transcriptional mechanism controls CPRF accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPRF proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "CPRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "43 % , 6 / 14 ; P = 0 . 013 ) , whereas , in RCC samples with VHL methylation or mutation , the frequency of 3p14 - p21 LOH did not differ from that of sp25 - p26 ( 72 % , 18 / 25 vs .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient had chronic dysphoria and one encephalopatia toxica .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single clone , which was conserved and had near - perfect homology to eight human / rodent expressed sequence tags , was used as template for 5 ' and 3 ' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and SPICE ( system for polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA ends ) reactions to obtain the 3 . 6 - kb cDNA , LGL2 ( Genbank , AF 110195 ) encoding a deduced polypeptide ( lgl2 ) of 963 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "LGL2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [309, 313]}, {"entity": "Genbank , AF 110195", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [316, 335]}, {"entity": "lgl2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [371, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on cooling rates of unrestrained rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GIS software program , ArcView , was used for spatial analysis and distance calculations . chi2 Tests were used to compare the distribution of the characteristics between intersection and midblock collisions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed the role of the HU protein in invertasome assembly when the enhancer is located at variable positions close to one of the recombination sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "HU protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared these responses for six hatchling and eight adult Chrysemys picta from an Ohio population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The likelihood of death was more than 3 times higher among patients in the ERA - II group ( mortality risk ratio 3 . 82 [ 95 % CI 1 . 48 % to 9 . 84 ] , p = 0 . 006 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pros and cons of selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase - 2 versus dual lipoxygenase / cyclooxygenase inhibition : is two better than one ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclooxygenase - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "lipoxygenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "cyclooxygenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERNET is literally a world of data , dialogue , and discourse on any topic imaginable , right at your fingertips .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the nucleotide in the middle of the anticodon ( i . e . , psi 35 ) also contributes to the suppressor efficiency displayed by cytoplasmic tRNA ( Tyr ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytoplasmic tRNA ( Tyr )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We established that , in unstimulated lymphocytes , the Src homology 2 ( SH2 ) and SH3 domain - containing protein Grb2 and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase , associate constitutively with Cbl via their SH3 domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Src homology 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "SH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "SH3 domain - containing protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 114]}, {"entity": "Grb2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "p85", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 174]}, {"entity": "Cbl", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 210]}, {"entity": "SH3 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [221, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Fc epsilon R1 cross - linking activates PI 3 - kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fc epsilon R1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , an increase in CAT expression from the same construct ( pBLCAT - ENDOA ) was also observed in 7AQS2 . 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "ENDOA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indirect determination of maximal O2 consumption in man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two complexes were detected with a similar activation kinetics upon IL - 4 stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the occurrence of any ventricular ectopic activity , as detected by either or both methods , was common , the incidence was significantly higher ( P less than 0 . 001 ) in patients with coronary heart disease ( 86 percent ; 77 / 90 ) , as compared to that in normal subjects ( 40 percent ; 12 / 30 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of eating dark - meat fish was positively associated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid , omega3 fatty acids , and inversely associated with serum stearic acid and linoleic acid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These 8 - oxoguanine DNA glycosylases , hOgg1 ( human ) and mOgg1 ( murine ) , are homologous to each other and to yeast Ogg1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoguanine DNA glycosylases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "hOgg1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "mOgg1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "yeast Ogg1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HDE was found to be exclusively targeted to and imported into peroxisomes in both heterologous expression systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "HDE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results indicate that ICSBP and PU . 1 are critical elements for IL - 18 gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICSBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "PU . 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "IL - 18 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model experiments on pheasants using single doses of the insecticide ( Lindane ) the herbicide ( Terbutryn ) a mineral fertilizer ( calcium ammonium nitrate ) and the fungicide ( HCB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main side - effects were myelosuppression , mucositis and peripheral neuropathy , which were all common and often severe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision support system uses the network at its core and helps not only in reaching a diagnosis but also in finding the optimal way to reach that diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metapsychiatry is a term born of necessity to designate the important but hitherto unclassified interface between psychiatry and mysticism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repression was strictly dependent on the presence of upstream Oshox1 binding sites in the reporter gene constructs and a function of the N - terminal region of Oshox1 , preceding the homeodomain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oshox1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Oshox1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "homeodomain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental studies and clinical application of plasma ACTH radioimmunoassay kit without extraction process", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defects in RT6 expression coincide with increased susceptibility in animal models for insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus and other autoimmune diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "RT6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By cloning genes encoding benzene - degradative enzymes , we found that strain JS150 also carries genes for a toluene / benzene - 2 - monooxygenase .", "entity": [{"entity": "toluene / benzene - 2 - monooxygenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus G17 targets the c - fos promoter CArG sequence via Rho A - dependent pathways , and Rho A appears to play an important role in the regulation of the trophic action of G17 .", "entity": [{"entity": "G17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "c - fos promoter CArG sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 51]}, {"entity": "Rho A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "Rho A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "G17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast with ama - 1 , rpc - 1 was not deleted by mDf4 or larger deficiencies examined , indicating that these genes are no closer than 150 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "ama - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "rpc - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of the bacteriophage T4 DNA terminase genes 16 and 17 yields multiple proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacteriophage T4 DNA terminase genes 16 and 17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat p8 mRNA was discovered because of its strong activation in pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rat p8 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual signal peptides mediate the signal recognition particle / Sec - independent insertion of a thylakoid membrane polyprotein , PsbY .", "entity": [{"entity": "signal recognition particle", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 60]}, {"entity": "Sec", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "PsbY", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence divergence of approximately 16 % reduced transformation frequencies by at least 10 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During subsequent CS - alone trials , the responses of ( + ) MK - 801 - injected mice were extinguished as easily as those of saline - injected mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three respective time control groups ( C5 , C10 , and C15 ) were injected with saline solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , to examine the regulation mechanism of CD44 / ERM interaction in vivo , we reexamined the immunoprecipitated CD44 / ERM complex from BHK cells and found that it contains Rho - GDP dissociation inhibitor ( GDI ) , a regulator of Rho GTPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD44", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "ERM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "CD44", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "ERM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "Rho - GDP dissociation inhibitor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 209]}, {"entity": "GDI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "Rho GTPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten patients ( aged 28 - 76 years ) with a terminal jejunostomy located within the first meter of jejunum were treated by infusion of an elemental diet into the distal small bowel ( IEDDSB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The illuminator uses a grain - of - wheat light bulb and an adjustable bulb holder fashioned from bent paper clips .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goals of these experiments were to determine whether lactational anestrus would be prolonged by a 48 - h fast at days 13 and 14 postpartum ( pp ) and , if so , to determine whether this effect could be reversed by treatment with the Ob protein leptin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ob protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [237, 247]}, {"entity": "leptin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetics of [ 14C ] NG in the blood of the dosed animals was followed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In patients with necrotising fasciitis the arterial PO2 rose about 7 - fold whereas the arterial PCO2 increased only slightly during exposure to 2 . 5 absolute atmospheres ( ATA ) of oxygen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary arteriographies and ventriculographies corresponding to 274 consecutive patients ( January , 1975 - October , 1978 ) with significant coronary lesions are reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data show that processing time as a function of intensity is modified not only at the retina but also at later processing sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lag phases were 14 . 89 hours + / - 0 . 77 , 13 . 33 hours + / - 0 . 50 , 20 . 22 hours + / - 0 . 76 , and 20 . 00 hours + / - 0 . 79 , respectively , for endothelial cell - induced LDL oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the Ogg1 protein is a eukaryotic DNA glycosylase / AP lyase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ogg1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "DNA glycosylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "AP lyase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being implicated in insulin and GK gene regulations as a common transcription factor , IPF1 / STF - 1 / PDX - 1 is likely to play an essential role in maintaining normal beta - cell functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "GK gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "IPF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "STF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "PDX - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS :", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt wars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , synthetic peptides corresponding to the mutant proteins were assessed for the ability to act as substrates for PR .", "entity": [{"entity": "PR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an approach to the determination of structure - function relationships in the PRP4 protein , we have isolated more than fifty new alleles of the PRP4 gene through random and site - directed mutagenesis , and have analyzed the phenotypes of many of them .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRP4 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "PRP4 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brainstem auditory evoked potential responses ( BAEPs ) were recorded from CZ - A1 and CZ - A2 scalp regions in 23 hypertensive and 14 normotensive subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Gly252Arg substitution observed in UM : JG5 is non - conservative , it was not possible to distinguish whether it is a mutation or a polymorphism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two SH2 domains of p120 Ras GTPase - activating protein bind synergistically to tyrosine phosphorylated p190 Rho GTPase - activating protein . p120 GTPase - activating protein ( GAP ) is a negative regulator of Ras that functions at a key relay point in signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "p120", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 55]}, {"entity": "p190", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 140]}, {"entity": "p120", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 175]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of the ras GTPase - activating protein ( GAP ) by the p93c - fes protein - tyrosine kinase in vitro and formation of GAP - fes complexes via an SH2 domain - dependent mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 54]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "p93c - fes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "protein - tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 106]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "fes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "SH2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in a shift of C1 / C2 , so that the effect of collagen was more pronounced ( maximal increase of C1 / C2 = 134 % ) than ADP ( maximal increase of C1 / C2 = 79 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant increase of gastric mucosal permeability was observed in six normal human subjects after instillation of ethanol ( 20 percent v / v ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of domain deletion mutants demonstrated strong synergy between the RRM and a central degenerate RRM repeat in binding to RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of eIF4E transforms cells , and mutations in eIF4E arrest cells in G , in cdc33 mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "eIF4E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "eIF4E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "cdc33 mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZF87 specifically binds the ME1a1 element with higher affinity than the ME1a2 element .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZF87", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unusual properties of TRAC activity and its relationship , if any , with the enigmatic Ku protein , are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRAC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Ku protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of the connective stroma of the epididymis in the zebu", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of regions of fibronectin besides the arginine - glycine - aspartic acid sequence required for adhesive function of the cell - binding domain using site - directed mutagenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibronectin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that multiple genetic recombination among bacteriophages with different immunities took place to generate the prophage VT1 - Sakai .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient - expression assay analysis of subclones of pPstI - G localized the trans - active factor to a 3 . 0 - kilobase XbaI fragment .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 . 0 - kilobase XbaI fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used an immobilized template - based assay to examine transcription termination by VA1 , 7SL , and Alu class III templates and the role of transcript release in the pol III terminator - dependent inhibition of processing of B1 - Alu transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "VA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "7SL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "Alu class III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "pol III", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "B1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 229]}, {"entity": "Alu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of platelet nitrite and total nitrate / nitrite were determined using simple and sensitive nitrate / nitrite fluorometric assay techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a GTP - dependent , brefeldin A - sensitive in vitro AP - 1 binding assay , we have determined here the parameters of the AP - 1 binding reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using methanol - 0 . 15 M borate buffer of pH 8 . 0 , cate - chol - O - methyltransferase activity might be assayed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cate - chol - O - methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replacement of Val20 - Leu21 with Ala - Ala produced a dimeric RII beta protein that binds AKAP75 approximately 4 % as avidly as wild - type RII beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimeric RII beta protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 79]}, {"entity": "AKAP75", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "wild - type RII beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmodium vivax malaria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postcontrast images were also acquired in the sagittal ( six patients ) and coronal ( three patients ) planes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conservation of this zinc finger motif from yeast to mouse and human implies functional importance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro death assays with transient overexpression of deletion constructs of both isoforms using beta - galactosidase as a reporter gene in MCF7 cells suggest the following : 1 ) the nucleotide binding domain may act as a negative regulator of the killing activity of DEFCAP ; 2 ) the LRR / CARD represents a putative constitutively active inducer of apoptosis ; 3 ) the killing activity of LRR / CARD is inhibitable by benzyloxycarbonyl - Val - Ala - Asp ( OMe ) - fluoromethyl ketone and to a lesser extent by Asp - Glu - Val - Asp ( OMe ) - fluoromethyl ketone ; and 4 ) the CARD is critical for killing activity of DEFCAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - galactosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 118]}, {"entity": "DEFCAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [269, 275]}, {"entity": "LRR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [286, 289]}, {"entity": "CARD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [292, 296]}, {"entity": "LRR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [392, 395]}, {"entity": "CARD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [398, 402]}, {"entity": "CARD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [579, 583]}, {"entity": "DEFCAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [620, 626]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we provide direct evidence that the meiotic defect caused by either unregulated cAPK activity or unregulated ran1 + kinase activity is due to inability to induce transcription of the mei2 + gene , which is required for meiotic initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "ran1 + kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "mei2 + gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sailer , K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terminal a sequence of the herpes simplex virus genome contains the promoter of a gene located in the repeat sequences of the L component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Caenorhabditis elegans NK - 2 class homeoprotein CEH - 22 is involved in combinatorial activation of gene expression in pharyngeal muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caenorhabditis elegans NK - 2 class homeoprotein CEH - 22", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As tat itself dramatically increases HIV - 1 gene expression , it too is presumably regulated in the latent state , and may also be activated by mitogenic stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CBS - 1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 10p12 between markers WI - 8535 and WI - 4724 , and is tightly linked to the two STRP markers of D10S1789 and D10S550 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBS - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "WI - 8535", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "WI - 4724", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "D10S1789", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "D10S550", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously described the partial purification of Ap4A hydrolase from S . pombe [ Robinson , de la Pena and Barnes ( 1993 ) Biochim .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ap4A hydrolase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both flavoproteins are active as AhpC reductases and mediate electron transfer , resulting in the NADH - dependent reduction of hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "AhpC reductases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results indicate that YTS1 is a bifunctional protein active in both splicing and protein synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "YTS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first operon , orf1 - tolQRA , is iron regulated throughout growth , but iron - regulated expression of tolB and oprL fusions occurs only in late log phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "tolQRA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "tolB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "oprL fusions", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , STK1 is most likely the human homologue of MO15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "STK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "human homologue of MO15", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human IFI16 gene is a member of an interferon - inducible family of mouse and human genes closely linked on syntenic regions of chromosome 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human IFI16 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "interferon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late results in the treatment of urotuberculosis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood samples for determination of fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII in plasma were obtained before and immediately after the end of compression and application of a stocking , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "factor VIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exon A1a encodes most of the 5 ' - untranslated region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylation interference analysis established at single nucleotide resolution that purified recombinant Fos and Jun proteins bind in a sequence - specific manner to the AP - 1 sites within the VDRE and OC box .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Jun proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "AP - 1 sites", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "OC box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [202, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , PTx had no effect on shear - dependent activation of JNK .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTx", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular effects in man of intravenous prizidilol hydrochloride ( SK & F 92657 ) ; a new antihypertensive agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human p18 gene spans at least 7 . 5 kb and is composed of three exons , two of which encode the p18 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "human p18 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "p18 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial characterization of the CCAAT box in the promoter of the hLGFBP - 1 gene : interaction with negatively acting transcription factors in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hLGFBP - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Footprints on the HPV 18 enhancer show five protected regions with homologies to NF1 , AP1 and EFII transcription factor binding motifs .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPV 18 enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "NF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "EFII transcription factor binding motifs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cDNAs were found to be derived from the 3 \" - untranslated region ( 3 \" - UTR ) of the methyl - CpG - binding protein 2 gene ( MeCP2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl - CpG - binding protein 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 130]}, {"entity": "MeCP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple algorithm fitting the data for the moving 192Ir source is proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to calculate the 5 - year survival probabilities with respect to the following variables : age ( < or = 65 , > 65 ) , sex , depth of invasion ( mucosal , submucosal ) tumor location ( upper , middle and lower third ) , gross appearance ( type I , type II and type III ) , size ( < or = 1 . 5 cm , > 1 . 5 cm ) , presence or absence of lymph node metastasis , histological type ( intestinal , diffuse ) , extent of lymphadenectomy ( limited or extended ) , and type of gastrectomy ( total or distal subtotal ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventing the heterosexual spread of HIV into this vulnerable population is a formidable public health challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carotid body chemoreceptor activity as recorded from the petrosal ganglion in cats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first decision in management is to consider cardioversion which can be achieved in suitable cases electrically , or pharmacologically with a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug like flecainide or propafenone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several studies have demonstrated that the corticotropin - releasing factor test ( CRF ) is useful for the aetiological diagnosis of Cushing ' s syndrome : in Cushing ' s disease , as opposed to ectopic ACTH secretion syndrome , the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal ( HPA ) axis can still be stimulated by CRF .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticotropin - releasing factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 75]}, {"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 207]}, {"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [308, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NF - kappaB / Rel transcription factors participate in the activation of immune system regulatory genes and viral early genes including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Rel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "viral early genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 129]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three chromosomes share the transferrin gene ( TF ) , the myosin light polypeptide 3 gene ( MYL3 ) , and the acylpeptide hydrolase gene ( APEH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "transferrin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "TF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "myosin light polypeptide 3 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 95]}, {"entity": "MYL3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "acylpeptide hydrolase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 141]}, {"entity": "APEH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preference for third base codon in Y position prolines is U for the alpha 2 ( VI ) collagen as it is for the human fibrillar collagen genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha 2 ( VI ) collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 95]}, {"entity": "human fibrillar collagen genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BK - induced translocation and overexpression of PKC isoforms as well as coexpression of inactive or constitutively active mutants of different PKC isozymes provided evidence for a role of the diacylglycerol - sensitive PKCs alpha and epsilon in BK signaling toward MAPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "BK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "PKC isoforms", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "PKC isozymes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "PKCs alpha and epsilon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [220, 242]}, {"entity": "BK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 248]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [266, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of decrease of PRA after REM onset closely approximates the most recent estimations of PRA half - life , which suggests that REM onset is associated with a virtual cessation in renin production .", "entity": [{"entity": "renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second ( control ) group was represented by cases diagnosed as HSIL by cytology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trial endpoints based on magnitude of reduction in HIV - 1 RNA levels provide an important complement to endpoints based on percentage of patients achieving complete virologic suppression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The psi zeta gene has a nonsense mutation in exon 1 but has identical promoter sequence and RNA processing sites to the zeta gene , raising the possibility that both psi zeta and zeta are transcriptionally active .", "entity": [{"entity": "psi zeta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "zeta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "psi zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "zeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [179, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of cor14b was strongly impaired in the barley albino mutant an , suggesting the involvement of a plastidial factor in the control of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cor14b", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulse monitors in outpatient dental anaesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of 2 - ( 2 ' - thiazolyl ) alkanebenzimidazoles - - potential anthelmintics", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild type MEKK1 enhances promoter activity and the activity can be inhibited by dominant negative MEKK1 , MEK1 , MEK7 , MEK3 , p38 / RK , and c - Jun .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEKK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "MEKK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "MEK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "MEK7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "MEK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "RK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tax and the active Tax mutants were able to abrogate the G1 arrest and apoptosis induced by p53 , and this effect does not correlate with an altered localization of nuclear p53 or with the disruption of p53 - DNA complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Tax mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "nuclear p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "p53 - DNA complexes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic , recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our current study aims at clarifying the role of myristoylation in caveolar targeting using well - characterized acylation mutants of two model proteins , namely Gi1 alpha and c - Src .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gi1 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "c - Src", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single substitutions of three highly conserved phenylalanine residues ( Phe - 15 , Phe - 17 , Phe - 27 ) by alanine and substitution of one histidine ( His - 29 ) by glutamine , all located within the putative RNA - binding sites RNP - 1 and RNP - 2 , abolished the nucleic acid - binding activity of CspB .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "RNP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 249]}, {"entity": "CspB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [301, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of heterozygous positions essentially facilitates on the one hand the data analysis and on the other hand the detection of new alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The extract of medicinal plants containing curcumin is traditionally believed to have a positive contraction effect on the human gall - bladder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the formation of the complex between IclR and the operator / promoter region has been found to be impaired by phosphoenol pyruvate but insensitive to acetate , acetyl - CoA , pyruvate , and oxaloacetate .", "entity": [{"entity": "IclR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation of spinophilin or neurabin from crude brain extracts selectively coprecipitated PP1gamma ( 1 ) over PP1beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "spinophilin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "neurabin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "PP1gamma ( 1 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "PP1beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most important , after all , is not the ionization technique but the stage with a 47 . 1 % five - year survival rate in T1N0 as compared to T2N0 with 28 . 6 % and T1N1 with 19 . 4 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encoded Arabidopsis U3 snRNAs can be folded into a secondary structure which is more similar to that of U3 RNAs from lower eukaryotes rather than from metazoa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arabidopsis U3 snRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "U3 RNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokinetics of the Krebs 2 carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated whether two WT1 splice variants lacking or including a three - amino - acid ( KTS ) insertion between the third and fourth zinc finger in the DNA - binding domain could repress the IR promoter in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "WT1 splice variants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "IR promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [197, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These back mutations led to a modest decrease in kinase activity , decreased tumorigenic potential in chickens , and an unexpected increase in transforming activity in rat cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in the head and neck are very rare .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma NE and E increased to significantly higher values after 15 min in the young subjects : 1 . 68 + / - 0 . 18 vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utility of thallium - 201 scintigraphy in detecting right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E . granulosus infection has been confirmed in 25 patients ( 20 . 6 % ) , in 16 cases by finding parasite protoscoleces or hooks and in nine cases by detection of an antigen specific for E . granulosus , antigen 5 ( Ag5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "E . granulosus , antigen 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 213]}, {"entity": "Ag5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [216, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription of FN promoter - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes carrying the base substitution in one or more of these G - rich sequences both in vivo and in vitro revealed that the base substitution in any G - rich sequence results in reduction of promoter activity , although the downstream GC box ( GCd ) plays a primary role .", "entity": [{"entity": "FN promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teboroxime is a new boronic acid adduct of technetium dioxime ( BATO ) compound that demonstrates favorable characteristics in preliminary studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested several growth regulatory genes that are repressed in senescent cells for ability to restore activity to T [ K1 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "T [ K1 ]", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is our conclusion that Sonoclot coagulation analysis is unlikely to identify patients with prolonged bleeding time in whom platelet count and other coagulation factors are normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single copy flotillin - 1 gene is located at 6p21 . 3 in the MHC class I region and consists of 13 exons over 15 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "flotillin - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "MHC class I region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low plasma glucose concentrations that may or may not be sufficiently low to result in symptoms can be observed as a concomitant of several diverse diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , patients with DPX should be observed for the potential occurrence of an associated condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of castor oil , alone , as well as in combination with PGI2 and indomethacin on gastrointestinal functions have been examined in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of TNF , IL - 1 , and IL - 6 on the proliferation of human Tenon ' s capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "IL - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous analysis of this motif in the lactose permease ( A .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactose permease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the RVW hypertrophy , the IVS hypertrophy , and the RV high pressure load to the LV through the IVS may be related to the small LV , high EF , and abnormal two chamber inflow in the PS group before BV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several reports assert that prolactin affects the delta 5 and delta 4 pathways through its effect on the activity of 3beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 3beta - OHSD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "3beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 153]}, {"entity": "3beta - OHSD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acidosis provoked by 30 % CO2 irreversibly increased the BDRT , however the TRT were not changed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each study group , elevated levels of serum I were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decrease was also found of the levels of total cholesterol and LDL - cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "LDL - cholesterol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequencing of this fragment showed that the MRP13 coding region specifies a 324 - amino - acid basic protein with a calculated Mr of 37 , 366 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MRP13", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low serum C3 values were observed in all 11 children at some stage of their illness .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum C3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of the presence of a physician , the real pathology of an indian population of Colombie is not very well known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During chordotonal organ development , the 3 ' enhancer directs expression in proneural clusters ; whereas successive modular enhancers located in the 5 ' region drive tissue - specific expression in chordotonal organ precursors in the embryo and larval leg , wing and antennal imaginal discs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is conventional sperm analysis of any use ? The computerised records of 867 couples were used to investigate the prognostic significance of semen volume , motility , density and morphology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of guaiphenesin on absorption and bioavailability of paracetamol from composite analgesic preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed comparison of the urinary excretion of purines in a patient with the Lesch - Nyhan syndrome and a control subject .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5 ' end of PKC - zeta mRNA sequences significantly reduced the collagen lattice - stimulated alpha2 and MMP - 1 mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKC - zeta mRNA sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "collagen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "MMP - 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ERK phosphorylation was substantially prolonged in LC / BRY - treated cells compared to those exposed to BRY alone , and pretreatment with the highly specific MEK inhibitors , PD98059 , U0126 , and SL327 , opposed ERK activation while protecting cells from LC / BRY - induced lethality .", "entity": [{"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most valid method was the AXB bearing with the cephalometric clinical diagnosis a 90 . 91 % concordance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , coligation of Fc gamma RIIB1 with B cell Ag receptors ( BCR ) inhibits BCR - mediated signaling by a mechanism that may involve recruitment of phosphatases SHP - 1 , SHP - 2 , and the SH2 containing inositol 5 ' phosphatase ( SHIP ) to the phosphorylated Fc gamma RIIB1 immunoreceptor tyrosine - based inhibitory motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fc gamma RIIB1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "B cell Ag receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "BCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "phosphatases SHP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 173]}, {"entity": "SHP - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 183]}, {"entity": "SH2 containing inositol 5 ' phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 233]}, {"entity": "SHIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 240]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma RIIB1 immunoreceptor tyrosine - based inhibitory motif", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [265, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the first phase ( 1 - 43 ms for the VMN and 1 - 10 ms for the LN ) the hypothalamic - cortical responses completely inhibited the formation of the VC response to the light stimulus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The slope of QD versus QEMF for the four tubes was near unity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of the 127 residue NrfF polypeptide , M ( r ) 14 , 522 , is strikingly similar to the CcI2 protein of R . capsulatus , especially in the putative haem - binding motif , RCPQCQNQN . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "127 residue NrfF polypeptide , M ( r ) 14 , 522", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 67]}, {"entity": "CcI2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When cotransfected with the HIV LTR CAT into CV - 1 cells , both the pCD41 and pGD41 clones trans - activated the HIV LTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "pCD41", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "pGD41", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "HIV LTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this comparison of aa sequences , the ATPK7 protein is considered to be a member of a novel subfamily of Ser / Thr PKs in plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATPK7 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Ser / Thr PKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is very probable that this change was due to mechanical effects induced by injecting a hypertonic solution of MT - 141 at a rate of 70 - - 130 ml / dog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both viruses express the mil / raf oncogene product as a gag - fusion polyprotein , while the myc oncogene of MH2 is expressed via a subgenomic mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "mil", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "gag - fusion", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore the aldosterone stimulating effect of low sodium diet ( 17 children ) , severe and prolonged vomiting ( 19 children ) and synthetic ACTH ( 10 children ) has been studied by our modified method .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmural metabolic heterogeneity at high cardiac work states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A flow probe for direct measurement of blood flow of the mitral valve was devised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adoption of a twisted structure of importin - beta is essential for the protein - protein interaction required for nuclear transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "importin - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver disease and HCV infection after transplantation of organs from hepatitis C antibody positive donors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis C antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate whether the two RPG - boxes mediate transcription activation of both the L46 and S24 gene , two experimental strategies were followed : cloning of the respective genes on multicopy vectors and construction of fusion genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "RPG - boxes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "L46", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "S24 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that sequences within this region bind members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1 family of transcription factors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of antibodies to HRES - 1 peptides pep14 - 24 and pep117 - 127 was determined in 65 normal blood donors and 146 patients with immunological disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "HRES - 1 peptides pep14 - 24 and pep117 - 127", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SCOF - 1 localized to the nucleus but did not bind directly to either C - repeat / dehydration ( CRT / DRE ) or ABA responsive element ( ABRE ) , cis - acting DNA regulatory elements present in COR gene promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCOF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "COR gene promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [194, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , 6 mammalian GRKs have been identified by molecular cloning .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To report a case of fulminant neuropathy with severe quadriparesis associated with vincristine chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 . 5 - Mb region was covered by 137 cosmids with a minimum overlap set of 52 cosmids assigned to 17 bins and 9 contigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homodimers of RIP60 ( replication initiation - region protein 60 kDA ) purified from nuclear extract bind two ATT - rich sites in oribeta and foster the formation of a twisted 720 bp DNA loop in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIP60", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "replication initiation - region protein 60 kDA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of age on glucose , reducing sugars and plasma insulin in blood of milk - fed calves .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal component analysis using psychosocial factors in women showed two psychosocial structures , i . e . the second principal ( high SOC , high lifestyle , and low stress ) and the 4th principal components ( high supernatural HLC , and high PHLC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to acoustical stimulation the properties of response latency , discharge pattern , frequency tuning , binaural interaction , and habituation were examined to allow an appraisal of the differentiation of the MGB by electrophysiological means .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two enhancer elements also enhanced transcription when fused separately to the basal promoter region of the chicken vimentin gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken vimentin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Availability of a less palatable diet ( chow ) following presentation of palatable diets will not result in diminished caloric intake , body weight , obesity and hyperinsulinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residues of Stauffer R - 3828 and its oxygen analogue in the body tissues of cattle fed R - 3828 in the diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II neuroleptanalgesia in odonto - stomatology", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , there was an increase in the amount of p120 Ras - specific GTPase - activating protein ( GAP ) and GAP - associated p190 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p120 Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Respiratory - related electromyographic ( EMG ) activity of the superior pharyngeal constrictor ( SPC ) muscle was analyzed during the early stage of forced breathing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione reductase activities in liver , kidney , lung , and brain were not affected by diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LIP and DIP are less common IIPs , both characterized by ground - glass attenuation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthy subjects received the following regimens , dosed to steady state : trovafloxacin 300 mg / 24 h ; ciprofloxacin 400 mg / 12 h ; trovafloxacin 300 mg / 24 h plus cefepime 2 g / 12 h , and ciprofloxacin 400 mg / 12 h plus cefepime 2 g / 12 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data obtained with cellular RNA from HepG2 cells demonstrated that transcription is initiated 891 bases upstream of the translation - start site and that the polyadenylation site is located 550 bases downstream of the stop codon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate possible roles for HCP during late erythroid differentiation , effects of manipulating HCP expression or recruitment on EPO - induced hemoglobinization in erythroleukemic SKT6 cells have been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "HCP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "EPO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the role of bHLH proteins in MC3T3 - E1 osteoblasts , which undergo a developmental sequence in vitro , we analyzed the transcriptional control of osteocalcin gene expression by stable transfection of an osteocalcin promoter - luciferase chimeric gene ( p637OC - luc ) and assessed the role of E - box cis - acting elements in osteocalcin promoter by DNA binding assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "bHLH proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 178]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [219, 239]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 252]}, {"entity": "p637OC - luc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [269, 281]}, {"entity": "osteocalcin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [342, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic linkage mapping of the CYP11A1 gene encoding the cholesterol side - chain cleavage P450scc close to the CYP1A1 gene and D15S204 in the chromosome 15q22 . 33 - q23 region .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP11A1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "P450scc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "CYP1A1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "D15S204", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression , characterization , and genomic structure of carp JAK1 kinase gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "carp JAK1 kinase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jornvall , B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three modern hematology analyzers ( Abbott Cell - Dyn 3000 , Coulter STKS , and Sysmex NE - 8000 ) with high throughput and 5 - part differential capability were evaluated using a protocol designed by a quality team .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of prostaglandin E2 on experimental atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tro operon is flanked by a Holliday structure DNA helicase homolog ( upstream ) and two ORFs representing a purine nucleoside phosphorylase homolog and tpp15 , a previously characterized gene encoding a membrane lipoprotein ( downstream ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tro operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Holliday structure DNA helicase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 62]}, {"entity": "purine nucleoside phosphorylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 143]}, {"entity": "tpp15", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a few sites in the genomes of EC cells permit M - MuLVneo delta Enh proviral expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "M - MuLVneo delta Enh", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have been developing a digital fluoroscopic imaging system to replace the portal films that are currently used to verify patient positioning during radiotherapy treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have utilized transient transfections , mutation analysis , electromobility gel - shifts , and immunoblot analysis to test the hypothesis that expression of the CTalpha gene is controlled in part by the binding of three trans - acting nuclear factors , Sp1 , Sp2 , and Sp3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CTalpha gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [256, 259]}, {"entity": "Sp2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [262, 265]}, {"entity": "Sp3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [272, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determinants of recurrent ischaemia and revascularisation procedures after thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in primary coronary occlusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "tissue plasminogen activator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , unlike PAK65 , HPK1 does not contain the small GTPase Rac1 / Cdc42 - binding domain and does not bind to either Rac1 or Cdc42 , suggesting that HPK1 . activation is Rac1 / Cdc42 - independent .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAK65", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "HPK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "small GTPase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "Rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "Rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 132]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "HPK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "Rac1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "Cdc42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transformations with circular plasmids yielded slowly and irregularly growing geneticin - resistant mycelia in which 1 % of nuclei contained plasmid sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a combined pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model , the impact of various factors on the effective bioavailability and on its estimation , using the intravenous - to - oral dose ratio required to produce the same area under the response time curve after acute administration , are explored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that in anesthetized , paralyzed cats , the visual evoked potential ( VEP ) was dependent only on magnitude of delta C at each pattern transition , and was independent of the starting or ending contrast level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmid pSP64E6E7 which contains the reading frames of both E6 and E7 was constructed in order to study the expression of both proteins in a coupled transcription / rabbit reticulocyte translation system .", "entity": [{"entity": "E6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 99m Tc bone scan showed a focal area of an increased uptake at the site of the mass below the calcaneus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , FOP - FGFR1 - expressing cells show constitutive phosphorylation of the positive regulator of translation p70S6 kinase ; this phosphorylation is inhibited by PI3 - kinase and mTOR ( mammalian target of rapamycin ) inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "FOP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "FGFR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "p70S6 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "PI3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 184]}, {"entity": "mTOR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "mammalian target of rapamycin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a test of this hypothesis , we predicted that mice which have altered expression of class I gene products , the beta2 - microglobulin knockout mice , [ beta2m ( - / - ) ] , would develop Fe overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta2 - microglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 136]}, {"entity": "[ beta2m ( - / - ) ]", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of endo - adduct [ 4aS , 5S , 8R , 8aR , SS ] - 9d resulting from cycloaddition on the substituted C ( 2 ) - C ( 3 ) double bond was achieved in a chemo - and diastereoselective way from quinone 1d in the presence of ZnBr ( 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mad3 and Mad4 : novel Max - interacting transcriptional repressors that suppress c - myc dependent transformation and are expressed during neural and epidermal differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mad3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Mad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "Max", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "c - myc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximal Expiratory Flow Rates such as Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ( PEFR ) , rates at 25 % , 50 % and 75 % of forced vital capacity ( V max 25 % , V max 50 % and V max 75 % ) and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of forced vital capacity ( FEF 25 - 75 % ) were measured in 273 healthy non - smoking adults ( 144 males , 129 females ) aged 15 - 63 years living in Madras .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This polypeptide includes the first three zinc fingers of the TFIIIA DNA binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFIIIA DNA binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes is dependent on the A - and B - Box internal control regions ( ICRs ) and the upstream transcription modulatory region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dose of Na3 citrate produced no clinical symptoms suggestive of hypocalcaemia in these subjects , even though the use of acid - citrate - dextrose , NIH formula A ( ACD - A ) under identical conditions has been reported to reduce significantly the level of total calcium in serum , and concomitantly increase the number or reactions occurring in donors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cough - CPR , a deep rhythmic forceful cough repeated 30 - 60 times per minute , can be an effective resuscitative technique during emergencies occurring in the cardiac catheterization laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene encoding the Neisseria lactamica III DNA methyltransferase ( M . NlaIII ) which recognizes the sequence CATG has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neisseria lactamica III DNA methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 67]}, {"entity": "M . NlaIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multivariant study of pituitary adenoma , obtainment of two logistic regression equations as an auxiliary support in the diagnosis of these tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased TRE DNA binding failed to lead to increased transactivation correlating with the inability of SB 203580 to increase phosphorylation of these AP - 1 proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 1 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APL patients showed a low , yet variable , level of JEM - 1 mRNA in bone marrow .", "entity": [{"entity": "JEM - 1 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cDNA clones encode a polypeptide of 657 amino acids with a bHLH ( basic - helix - loop - helix ) domain , characteristic of a large family of transcription factors , and a PAS ( Per - Arnt - Sim ) domain in the amino - terminal half region .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "Per", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "Arnt", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 192]}, {"entity": "Sim", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that the cDNA encodes an apical plasma membrane protein that plays a role in the functional expression of the amiloride - sensitive epithelial sodium channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nedocromil sodium shifted the severity of the early allergic reaction ( EAR ) from mean - 34 . 8 % to - 6 . 9 % and inhibited the later allergic reaction ( LAR ) from - 30 . 5 % to + 0 . 4 % ( p less than 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values of K1 and Vd were significantly increased in the tumour tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding of PTB was antagonistic to the binding of U2AF to the enhancer - located pyrimidine tract .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "U2AF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results separate these factors into four regulatory classes : ( i ) constitutive factors , such as Oct - 1 and probably Sp1 , that are expressed in thymocytes at all stages ; ( ii ) inducible factors , such as NF - kappa B and complexes binding to the region of a CD28 response element , that can be activated in all thymocytes , including those cells ( CD4 + CD8 + TcRlow ) that can undergo selection ; ( iii ) inducible factors , such as NF - AT and AP - 1 , that can be activated in mature ( CD4 + CD8 - TcRhigh ) and immature ( CD4 - CD8 - TcR - ) thymocytes alike but not in the transitional stages when the cells ( CD4 + CD8 + TcRlow ) are subject to selection ; and ( iv ) a factor containing CREB , which can be activated in thymocytes of all developmental stages by culture but does not require specific induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 226]}, {"entity": "CD28 response element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [268, 289]}, {"entity": "CD4 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [358, 363]}, {"entity": "CD8 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [364, 369]}, {"entity": "TcRlow", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [370, 376]}, {"entity": "NF - AT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [444, 451]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [456, 462]}, {"entity": "CD4 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [499, 504]}, {"entity": "CD8 -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [505, 510]}, {"entity": "TcRhigh", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [511, 518]}, {"entity": "CD4 -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [536, 541]}, {"entity": "CD8 -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [542, 547]}, {"entity": "TcR -", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [548, 553]}, {"entity": "CD4 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [625, 630]}, {"entity": "CD8 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [631, 636]}, {"entity": "TcRlow", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [637, 643]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [704, 708]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar tissue - specific patterns are observed with a fusion between the caufliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promotor and the GUS gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "caufliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promotor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 116]}, {"entity": "GUS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained show that expression of the gene is low at 23 degrees C and is induced rapidly at 37 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in each case in which either the DQ alpha - or DQ beta - chain was exchanged , major alterations or reversals of this pattern of interaction were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "DQ alpha - or DQ beta - chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two methods for the routine determination of blood hemoglobin oxygen affinity are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cause for the increase in plasma ANP levels in the active phase remains to be determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma ANP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects on survival of adjuvant treatments , including pre - or postoperative systemic or postoperative intra - arterial chemotherapy , are currently under evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malformations of the regenerating optic tectum of larvae of the Egyptian toad , Bufo regularis Reuss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunological studies also failed to demonstrate any significant change except for a significant increase of natural killer ( NK ) cell activity after IFN - gamma infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used systemic application of the ototoxic drug amikacin , to induce total cochlear haircell loss in the chinchilla , in order to create an animal model of profound deafness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND - - Platelet activating factor ( PAF ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platelet activating factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 41]}, {"entity": "PAF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To be a nurse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic granulocytic leukemia in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charcot joints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant apoA - I protein recovered from the soluble fraction of the bacterial cell pellet was purified to greater than 95 % homogeneity by reversed - phase high - performance liquid chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Recombinant apoA - I protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kaposi ' s sarcoma - associated herpesvirus / human herpesvirus - 8 ORF50 gene product contains a potent C - terminal activation domain which activates gene expression via a specific target sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "ORF50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the 5 ' flanking regions of the mouse J kappa elements , including the conserved putative recombination target sequences , shows no obvious differences consistent with the variation in recombinational efficiency , so we conclude that , although the consensus heptamer and nonamer signals may be sufficient to identify a recombination site , the probability that that site will be used depends also on other determinants .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse J kappa elements", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further interventions were : nephrectomy ( 2x ) , resection and ligation of the inferior vena cava ( 1x ) , resection and replacement of the left renal vein ( 1x ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report that CRE - decoy oligonucleotide treatment results in an increase in the p53 protein level in MCF - 7 human breast cancer cells that express wild - type p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competition and methylation interference assays showed that the binding site for the novel factor was limited to nucleotides in the 3 ' half of the kappa B site .", "entity": [{"entity": "kappa B site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have introduced the same change in a yeast tRNA ( Trp ) gene and demonstrated that the tRNA acts as an efficient amber suppressor in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast tRNA ( Trp ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both proteins share sequence similarity with the myelin - associated glycoprotein , an adhesion molecule of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells that has been implicated in the process of myelination , raising the important question of whether myelin - associated glycoprotein is also a sialic acid - binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "myelin - associated glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 81]}, {"entity": "myelin - associated glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 274]}, {"entity": "sialic acid - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [285, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted 5 ' and 3 ' ends of the transcript are in very good agreement with the previously determined size of the LEU3 message .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEU3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These clones contain most of the exon of cyclin D2 except exon 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin D2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 24 h , there was no significant difference in FFA levels from shams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clr1 locus regulates the expression of the cryptic mating - type loci of fission yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "clr1 locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "cryptic mating - type loci of fission yeast", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The odds of atopy ( defined as a positive test for at least one of the antigens ) were 5 times higher ( odds ratio = 7 . 0 ; 95 % confidence interval = 1 . 6 - 31 . 1 % ; p = 0 . 01 ) in the uninfected group , after taking into account the potential influence of gender and age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mouse , two high - affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant ( Kd ) of 50 to 100 nM have been mapped in the 5 ' ETS upstream from the early pre - rRNA processing site .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As much thrombin was formed during cardiopulmonary bypass ( measured by the prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2 and thrombin - antithrombin complexes ) as in normal patients , showing that factor XII was not necessary for thrombin generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 114]}, {"entity": "thrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "antithrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "factor XII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 202]}, {"entity": "thrombin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [225, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews current concepts of pathophysiology and summarises clinical features , natural history and available treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pendulin , a Drosophila protein with cell cycle - dependent nuclear localization , is required for normal cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pendulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphatase active site is located within residues 367 - 374 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The central region of the sarcomere , coincident with the M line , was selectively labeled with antibodies to the short C - terminal form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , antibody binding to the same two determinants was also inhibited when ZAP - 70 or the SH2 domains bound to the zeta chain or to a 2pY - ITAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZAP - 70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "2pY - ITAM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 1 increased the noradrenaline release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interleukin - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A representative group of patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy for clinical T1 , T2 lesions was also identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that KCTG can contribute to improved monitoring in high - risk pregnancies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These extrachromosomal copies can be isolated as covalently closed molecules with lengths around 3mu .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant reductions were noted in vertical GRFs per newton of body weight exerted at 10 % ( P = 0 . 0009 ) and 20 % ( P = 0 . 0383 ) of stance phase and in anteroposterior GRFs exerted at 10 % ( P = 0 . 0009 ) and 50 % ( P = 0 . 0033 ) of stance phase when ambulation was compared with and without the orthotic device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar immunological disturbances were observed in SCI but not in the PC2 subgroup , i . e . patients examined later than 6 months after injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether d - tartrate ( TMCA ; NSC - 36351 ) was administered daily by mouth to 71 patients with malignant lymphomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After multivariate analysis , TWA correlated with age ( P = 0 . 02 ) and LV function ( P = 0 . 002 ) and occurred more often in patients after nonanterior MI ( P = 0 . 03 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rats exposed to Cd for 30 d , the levels of urinary excretion of cAMP after treatment with parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , parathyroidectomy ( PTX ) , or 1 alpha - hydroxycholecalciferol ( 1 alpha - OH - D3 ) showed almost the same patterns as those of control rats : the response of urinary cAMP to treatment with PTH was not influenced by continuous oral administration of Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "parathyroid hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "PTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "PTH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [316, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receptor - type serine / threonine kinases ( RSKs ) have been organized into two distinct classes known as types I and II on the basis of sequence similarity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Receptor - type serine / threonine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 42]}, {"entity": "RSKs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the remaining 91 patients ( group 2 ) , Pseudomonas ( 18 ) , coagulase - negative Staphylococci ( 15 ) , Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 23 ) , Staphylococcus aureus ( 16 ) , Corynebacterium species ( 12 ) , and others ( seven ) were isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "coagulase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cDNA corresponded to FGF - binding protein ( FGF - BP ) , a secreted protein previously shown to bind acidic and basic FGF and to modulate their activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGF - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "FGF - BP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "basic FGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility - shift assays using oligonucleotides derived from these sites demonstrated formation of specific DNA - protein complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the P transcript from phage with the G ( - ) orientation , full termination activity required both the region containing the stem - loop structure and upstream sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "P transcript", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day after injection 48 % of the injected activity was in the skeleton , 9 . 3 % in the liver , 3 % in the kidneys and 4 . 4 % in the rest of the organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these four PP2C genes , the expression of the PP2Cbeta gene has been reported to be tissue - specific and development - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "PP2C genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "PP2Cbeta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined chemotherapy with VM 26 and BCNU for recurrent malignant gliomas after operation and irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of FR 34235 reduced aortic blood pressure and increased cardiac output in anesthetized dogs with an ameroid - induced coronary artery occlusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternative immune globulin preparation when standard immune serum globulin is not available .", "entity": [{"entity": "immune globulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "immune serum globulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two sibs with identical features of short - limbed dwarfism , a normal skull and face and normal intelligence are described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of a high sugar intake on some metabolic and regulatory indicators in young men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second group the untreated fellow eye was microscopically intact , but was shown ( as the treated eye ) to alter the concentration of uronic acid in different parts of the sclera .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amplification of 4q21 - q22 and the MXR gene in independently derived mitoxantrone - resistant cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "MXR gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of putative constitutively active forms of DdMEK1 in a ddmek1 null background is capable , at least partially , of complementing the small aggregate size defect and the ability to activate guanylyl cyclase .", "entity": [{"entity": "DdMEK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "ddmek1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "guanylyl cyclase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative Tl - 201 analysis after stress has also shown viable myocardium in most mild to moderate ( 51 % to 85 % of normal uptake ) irreversible Tl - 201 defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , ADAR1 and the related deaminase ADAR2 showed significant expression in all regions of the brain examined , including cortex , hippocampus , olfactory bulb , and striatum , where the 5 - HT2CR pre - mRNA was extensively edited .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADAR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "deaminase ADAR2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "5 - HT2CR pre - mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychophysical evidence is given for the existence of two distinct systems in human vision : a fast , sign - invariant system concerned with extracting contours and a slower , sign - sensitive system concerned with assigning surface color .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five girls with Turner ' s syndrome aged 12 to 17 years showed LH values ( 5 . 0 - 14 . 5 IU / 12 h ) at the upper end of or slightly above the normal range and pathologically high values ( 22 . 2 - 43 . 5 IU / 12 h ) for FSH .", "entity": [{"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "FSH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - seven patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy were studied interictally with [ 18F ] fluorodeoxyglucose - PET in each of three conditions : resting , during emotional speech , and while performing a visual recognition task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of Vac1p contains two putative zinc - binding RING motifs , a zinc finger motif , and a coiled - coil motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vac1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum concentrations of hormones in patients classified as C were characteristically and inclined to be hypergonadotropic and hypoestrogenic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinase renaturation tests designed to detect reactivated protein kinases after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of a 60 - kDa kinase in the washed immunoprecipitate obtained from liver cytosol using anti - AHR antibody ( IgG ) and protein A / G / agarose beads but not when a nonspecific IgG was used instead of anti - AHR antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - AHR antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [252, 271]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [274, 277]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [341, 344]}, {"entity": "anti - AHR antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [365, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immune response seems to be partially responsible for both protection and the destructive consequences of chlamydial infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activated FGFR3 predominantly interacts with GRB2 . Sos in complex with a previously identified 90 - kDa protein and designated protein 80K - H .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGFR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "GRB2 . Sos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "protein 80K - H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We generated \" signature \" oligonucleotides from these CDR3s and probed PCR amplified V kappa products from the synovium and PBLs of the same patient , and from PBLs and spleen of individuals without rheumatic disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDR3s", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "V kappa products", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was predicted that the Stroop task would trigger greater consumption of ice cream than a fearful film , and that this effect would be more pronounced for binge - eaters than non - binge - eaters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with PLM show excessive daytime sleepiness or insomnia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma colony - stimulating factor analysis and the clinical significance", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma colony - stimulating factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure and regulation of KGD2 , the structural gene for yeast dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase .", "entity": [{"entity": "KGD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "yeast dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified two potential phosphorylation sites at serine49 and serine133 , both of which seem to be necessary for Myf - 5 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myf - 5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of raft cultures to activators of protein kinase C , such as phorbol esters , results in the further induction of late gene expression as well as virion assembly .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "late gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that the T cell antigen receptor zeta - chain - associated ZAP - 70 kinase and T cell antigen receptor zeta - chain immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motifs are essential for the membrane recruitment of SOS and Vav .", "entity": [{"entity": "T cell antigen receptor zeta - chain - associated ZAP - 70 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 94]}, {"entity": "T cell antigen receptor zeta - chain immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motifs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 185]}, {"entity": "SOS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 235]}, {"entity": "Vav", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Above this transition temperature the calcium antagonist lowers fm more pronouncedly than below .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral effects of benzodiazepine ligands in non - dependent , diazepam - dependent and diazepam - withdrawn baboons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrointestinal accumulation of indium - 111 labelled granulocytes in reactive arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF - alpha stimulated these changes in part by increasing transcription and stabilization of RNA for amphiregulin , an EGF receptor ligand , and amphiregulin directly increased HPV - 16 E6 / E7 and cyclin A RNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNF - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "amphiregulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "amphiregulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "E6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 189]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [192, 194]}, {"entity": "cyclin A RNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The JNK / SAPK activator mixed lineage kinase 3 ( MLK3 ) transforms NIH 3T3 cells in a MEK - dependent fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "SAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "mixed lineage kinase 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 47]}, {"entity": "MLK3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical analyses revealed that the concentration of norepinephrine was reduced significantly in cortex - hippocampus and olfactory bulb but not in other regions , while dopamine and serotonin levels were not altered in any brain region examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouth asymmetry study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control oligomers of scrambled sequence but identical base composition were ineffective , and no TFO - induced recombination was seen in a control LTK ( - ) cell line carrying an otherwise identical dual TK gene construct lacking the 30 - bp polypurine target site .", "entity": [{"entity": "TK gene construct", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts ( CEF ) with the Gag - Crk fusion protein results in the elevation of tyrosine phosphorylation on specific cellular proteins with molecular weights of 130 , 000 , 110 , 000 , and 70 , 000 ( p130 , p110 , and p70 , respectively ) , an event which has been correlated with cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "Crk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "p130", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [235, 239]}, {"entity": "p110", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [242, 246]}, {"entity": "p70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [253, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tilisolol and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt ( CMC ) were used as the model ophthalmic drug and viscous polymer , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OAT has become safer in recent years , particularly if monitored in special anticoagulation clinics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were compared with the findings in pair - fed non - treated animals ( Control Group ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data are in line with the hypothesis that E2F functions as a growth - and cell cycle regulated tethering factor between Sp1 and the basic transcription machinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal transplants rescue axial muscle representations in M1 cortex of neonatally transected rats that develop weight support .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to encourage good contact between the farmers and the inseminating personnel , it is beneficial that herdsmen are present when cows are inseminated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solution of the Boltzmann equation in a random magnetic field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include the genes , undefined 1 ( UD1 ) , UD2 , and UD3 , each coding for proteins of unknown function , the ken gene encoding a new Kruppel - like putative transcription factor , the fly homologues of the mammalian mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme ( thiolase ) , and the TAR DNA - binding protein - 43 ( TBPH ) , the first nonvertebrate member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily ( TM4SF ) gene , a new homeodomain gene , and a gene coding for a putative nuclear binding protein ( PNBP ) that is homologous to maleless , and a Copia - like element .", "entity": [{"entity": "undefined 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "UD1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "UD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "UD3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "ken gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "Kruppel - like putative transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 183]}, {"entity": "mammalian mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 256]}, {"entity": "thiolase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [259, 267]}, {"entity": "TAR DNA - binding protein - 43", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [280, 310]}, {"entity": "TBPH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 317]}, {"entity": "transmembrane 4 superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [360, 387]}, {"entity": "TM4SF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [390, 395]}, {"entity": "homeodomain gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [411, 427]}, {"entity": "maleless", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [518, 526]}, {"entity": "Copia - like element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [535, 555]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is recommended that area correction be attempted in bioequivalence studies of drugs where high intrasubject variability in clearance is known or suspected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A method for determining the toxicity of neutralizers for antimicrobial agents to A . castellanii was also evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we use a tnaC - UGA - ' lacZ construct lacking the tnaC - tnaA spacer region to analyze the effect of TnaC synthesis on the behavior of the ribosome that translates tnaC .", "entity": [{"entity": "tnaC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "' lacZ", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "tnaC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "tnaA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "TnaC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "tnaC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike JNK activation , ERK activation could not be mapped to specific reovirus gene segments , suggesting that ERK activation and JNK activation are triggered by different events during virus - host cell interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "ERK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter region of the human alpha 2A adrenergic receptor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human alpha 2A adrenergic receptor gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of deletion and substitution mutations in the MER2 5 ' exon demonstrates that the unusually large size of this exon plays an important role in splicing regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "MER2 5 ' exon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schottky - barrier heights of Ti and TiSi2 on n - type and p - type Si ( 100 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - 111 - BLMC uptake was directly proportional to Ki - 67 / MIB - 1 activity and number of mitoses in tumor tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ki - 67", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "MIB - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of the human Ig heavy chain ( IgH ) constant ( C ) region locus has been cloned and mapped .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Ig heavy chain ( IgH ) constant ( C ) region locus", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On guanidine and the treatment of botulism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excellent results were recorded in 390 ( 83 . 69 % ) of the patients , improvement in 46 ( 9 . 87 % ) where in the majority a varicose complex was involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By differential screening of a Xenopus laevis egg cDNA library , we have isolated a 2 , 111 bp cDNA which corresponds to a maternal mRNA specifically deadenylated after fertilisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these elements are adjacent to type X telomeric repeats , and regions flanking four of five characterized S . paradoxus insertions carry autonomously replicating sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analysis of the putative effector domain of the GTP - binding Ypt1 protein in yeast suggests specific regulation by a novel GAP activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP - binding Ypt1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 85]}, {"entity": "GAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently described the isolation and characterization of nontoxic PAP mutants , NT123 - 2 , which has a point mutation ( E176V ) in the active site that abolishes enzymatic activity , and NT124 - 3 , which has a nonsense mutation that results in deletion of the C - terminal 25 aa ( W237Stop ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAP mutants", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ligand - independent pathway can function through another androgen - regulated promoter as shown by the use of the mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV - CAT reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV - CAT reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the present results a concept of hormone - dependent AR activation is proposed , which requires a functional , direct or indirect intramolecular interaction between the TAD and the LBD .", "entity": [{"entity": "AR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were peritonitis - free at least 6 weeks before each PET .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After control for body mass index , trait anxiety and anger - in remained independent predictors of diastolic blood pressure among the women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on low - dose oral contraceptives : cervical mucus and plasma hormone changes in relation to circulating D - norgestrel and 17alpha ethynyl - estradiol concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted vav oncogene protein sequence exhibits several motifs reminiscent of transcriptional factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "vav oncogene protein sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb / IIIa receptor inhibitor abciximab is used for the treatment of patients undergoing high - risk percutaneous coronary interventions and is used in approximately one third of coronary interventions in the United States and a growing number of procedures in Europe .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb / IIIa receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean times to LNR in these groups were 42 . 0 months ( range , 3 . 0 - 194 . 5 months ) and 49 . 0 months ( range , 3 . 6 - 209 . 0 months ) respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultraviolet crosslinking experiments using element B revealed the specific binding of two proteins of approximately 43 and 80 kDa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cells were densely ciliated , each cilium showing a typical 9 + 2 fibrilar pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Searching the human DNA data base of expressed sequence tags ( EST ) revealed novel partial sequences similar to , but distinct from , the sequences of the previously known PEF proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEF proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBO had marked effects on these enzymes : lung SOD increased ( guinea pigs 47 % , rats 88 % ) and CAT and GSHPx activities decreased ( 33 % ) in brain and lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung SOD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "GSHPx", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RXRalpha / RARalpha heterodimers and HNF - 4 homodimers bind to DR - 1 motifs on elements B and I4 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "RXRalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "RARalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "HNF - 4 homodimers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenomas in the upper gastrointestinal tract were found in all of the patients : Vater ' s papilla - - 12 , duodenum - - nine , and gastric antrum - - seven .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new direct hemagglutination test ( HI - GONAVIS ) for urinary LH was compared with the serum radioimmuno - assay of LH .", "entity": [{"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "LH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sucrose produced in source leaves is the predominant carbon source for developing sink tissues in most higher plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of amines in the isolated perfused rabbit lung .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also show that M . malmoense can be isolated from the environment which may be the source of the infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the pharmacology of 9 , 10 - dihydro - 10 - ( 1 - methyl - 4 - piperidylidene ) - 9 - anthrol ( WA 335 ) , a histamine and serotonin antagonist", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This incompatibility phenotype requires the global transcriptional repressor , KorB , and the target for incC - mediated incompatibility is a KorB - binding site ( O ( B ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "KorB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "incC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "KorB - binding site ( O ( B ) )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , a structural interaction between PsaL and PsaI may stabilize the association of PsaL with the photosystem I core .", "entity": [{"entity": "PsaL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "PsaI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "PsaL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "photosystem I core", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of the TorR regulator to cis - acting direct repeats activates tor operon expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "TorR regulator", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "tor operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological and immunophenotypic studies revealed 12 large cell lymphomas ( 11 B cell and one T cell ) , two small noncleaved cell lymphomas ( B - cell phenotype ) , and five low grade B - cell lymphomas ( two small lymphocytic and three follicular mixed lymphomas ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subjects were 17 patients with android obesity ( four men and 13 women ) aged 21 to 58 years with a body mass index ( BMI ) ranging from 32 . 0 to 52 . 2 kg / m2 and an abdominal - gluteal ratio greater than 1 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mean value for HbA1 greater than 10 % was associated with an increased risk of progression of retinopathy and a mean value less than 8 . 7 % was associated with a diminished risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "HbA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An emended diagnosis of Tylocephalum is proposed excluding this feature , along with distribution of the testes in the preovarian field and circummedullary distribution of vitelline follicles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of double - stranded RNA - dependent protein kinase in mediating hypersensitivity of Fanconi anemia complementation group C cells to interferon gamma , tumor necrosis factor - alpha , and double - stranded RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "double - stranded RNA - dependent protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 56]}, {"entity": "interferon gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 154]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different effects of reoxygenation on the electrical activity of ventricular muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar observations were obtained when these mutated versions of site A were evaluated by transient cotransfection assays in CV1 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YLL031c is an essential gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "YLL031c", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have measured percentage O3 uptake in 30 adult Sprague - Dawley rats exposed , nose only , for 1 hr to 0 . 3 , 0 . 6 , or 1 . 0 ppm O3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Threefold risks were observed for men with the highest level of intensity and for those with the highest probability of EMF exposure , although women with heavy EMF exposure did not experience increased risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , cells cotransfected with a UF promoter - luciferase ( - 1935UF - Luc ) reporter gene and the BTEB expression vector had 2 - fold higher Luc activity than those cotransfected with reporter gene and pcDNA - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "UF promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "1935UF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Luc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "BTEB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "Luc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early complement components , C1q and C4 , and IgA secretory piece were absent .", "entity": [{"entity": "C1q", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "C4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although IRS - 1 , - 2 , and - 4 are similar in overall structure , IRS - 3 is approximately 50 % shorter and differs with respect to sites of tyrosine phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "IRS - 1 , - 2 , and - 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "IRS - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate a specific association of SIV and HIV - 2 nef , but not HIV - 1 nef , with TCRzeta .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV - 2 nef", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "HIV - 1 nef", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "TCRzeta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We retrospectively analyzed the data of 20 patients who underwent both gated fluorine 18 deoxyglucose ( FDG ) - PET and equilibrium radionuclide angiography ( ERNA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distinct spatial pattern of expression , and unusual amino acid sequence in its DNA binding domain , may indicate a particular role for DTEF - 1 in cell - specific gene regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DTEF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rac2 , a member of the Rho family of GTPases , is highly expressed in myeloid cells and is a regulator of the NADPH - oxidase complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rac2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Rho family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "GTPases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "NADPH - oxidase complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yeast mitochondrial Hsp70 , Ssc1p , functions as a molecular chaperone with its partner proteins , Mdj1p ( DnaJ homologue ) and Yge1p ( GrpE homologue ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "yeast mitochondrial Hsp70", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "Ssc1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "Mdj1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "DnaJ homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "Yge1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "GrpE homologue", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best sequences for pelvic study are , in our experience , IR or short TR spin - echo for T1 - weighted images , and spin - echo with 1200 TR for T2 images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now report that both HSCR mutations impair the fixation of Shc to RET and consequently prevent its phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSCR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "RET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now describe a HepG2 cell casein kinase II beta subunit cDNA of 2 . 57 kb containing 96 bases of 5 ' untranslated sequence , 645 bases of open reading frame , and 1832 bases of 3 ' untranslated sequence with two polyadenylation consensus signal sequences and two poly ( A ) stretches .", "entity": [{"entity": "HepG2 cell casein kinase II beta subunit cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet factor 4 levels in patients with coronary artery disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platelet factor 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum pituitary and steroid hormone levels in the adult male : one value is as good as the mean of three .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood ammonia concentration was significantly higher in males at 70 , 80 and 90 % of VO2 peak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the crystal structure at 2 . 5 A resolution of a fragment of the integrase of Rous sarcoma virus ( residues 49 - 286 ) containing both the conserved catalytic domain and a modulatory DNA - binding domain ( C domain ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "integrase of Rous sarcoma virus ( residues 49 - 286 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect on kidney length was considerably prolonged compared with the vascular effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of microalbuminuria , defined as an UAER in the range of 15 - 150 micrograms min - 1 in an overnight urine sample , was 3 % ( 95 % C . I . interval : 1 . 9 - 4 . 0 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a lesser extent effect was noticed in nonpregnant than seen in pregnant rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite their high degree of sequence similarity , all five RFC genes are essential for cell proliferation in S . cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "RFC genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rev .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strongly DNA binding p50 subunit showed only very weak , if any , induction of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "p50 subunit", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability of 125 I - labeled insulin used in radioimmunoassay of insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of long - term zimelidine treatment on LSD - induced behavioural effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using mammalian expression vectors ( pRSV - neo and pSV2 - neo ) , antisense constructs for perforin and granzyme B were independently electroporated into YT - INDY , a human non - MHC - restricted , IL - 2 - independent , cytotoxic lymphocyte .", "entity": [{"entity": "perforin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "granzyme B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "MHC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When targeted to the GAL1 promoter by fusing with the Gal4p DNA - binding domain , Sko1p acts as an Ssn6 / Tup1p - dependent repressor regulated by osmotic stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "GAL1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "Gal4p DNA - binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "Sko1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "Ssn6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "Tup1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like Rev - Erb , BD73 binds as a monomer to a DNA sequence which consists of a specific A / T - rich sequence upstream of the consensus hexameric half - site specified by the P box of the DNA - binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rev", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "Erb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "BD73", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a common disorder , affecting > 20 % of people of all socioeconomic strata .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTIONS : Postoperative follow - up consisted of serial determination of different biochemical markers ( CK , CK - MB , cTnI ) , ECGs , and echocardiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "CK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "CK - MB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "cTnI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The striking similarity in preference for mismatched and weakly paired nucleotides for binding and for excision suggests a functional relationship between binding and cleavage reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New results of importance for optimization of the postoperative course ] Complications after major surgery may be related to factors in the surgical stress response with endocrine - metabolic and inflammatory changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblotting showed that both the ( 1 - 404 ) - peptide and ( 1 - 506 ) - peptide are recognized by 95J10 , a monoclonal antibody that was previously raised against perlecan - ( 24 - 404 ) - peptide expressed in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "95J10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "perlecan - ( 24 - 404 ) - peptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor necrosis factor levels were measured by enzyme - linked immunoabsorbent assay in plasma samples obtained from the hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion circuit and systemic circulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor necrosis factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum alpha - amylase , trypsin , trypsin inhibitor , lipase and total protease activity in the pancreatic tissue was studied as indicator of the treatment efficacy with 5 - fluorouracil electro - cumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serum alpha - amylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "trypsin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "trypsin inhibitor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "lipase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible equivalency of a short form and the long form of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List - Revised ( MAACL - R ; Zuckerman & Lubin , 1985 ) was studied by correlating both forms of the MAACL - R with the State Trait Personality Inventory ( Spielberger , 1995 ) ; the Affect Balance Scale ( Bradburn , 1969 ) ; and the Sensation Seeking Scale ( Zuckerman , 1978 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of platelet factor 4 in plasma of healthy and high risk newborns .", "entity": [{"entity": "platelet factor 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of HS2 - gamma gene reporter constructs carrying CACCC box deletions revealed that the CACCC box sequence of the gamma gene promoter mediates the activation of the gamma gene by FKLF .", "entity": [{"entity": "HS2 - gamma gene reporter constructs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 47]}, {"entity": "FKLF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mrp17 - 1 , in combination with some mutations affecting another mitochondrial ribosomal protein , caused a synthetic defective phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "mrp17 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erdheim - Chester disease : a distinct lipoidosis or part of the spectrum of histiocytosis ? Erdheim - Chester disease has always been considered a distinct lipoidosis based on clinical and radiographic criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ossification was located on the left side of C3 - 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of human activating transcription factor 4 , a transcriptional activator that interacts with multiple domains of cAMP - responsive element - binding protein ( CREB ) - binding protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "human activating transcription factor 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 59]}, {"entity": "cAMP - responsive element - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [130, 173]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the size of the cystic liver - lesions excludes a curative operative treatment or if the patient refuses surgery , the indication for chemotherapy with mebendazole is given .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ixodes fauna in the Michourin region , where the pastures in 1971 were grazed only by sheep , shows the following trends : H . punctata and R . turanicus ticks , which are preferably parasitising in sheep , increase their relative share .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of residues outside the Ras binding domain of Raf ( RafRBD ) to Ras - Raf interaction and Ras - dependent Raf activation has remained unresolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras binding domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "RafRBD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that electrical stimulation of the NTS in rats undergoing such surgical preparation to observe the pressor response and / or increase in pVP , represents a rapid approach for screening the neurosecretory function of the central neural integration to release vasopressin .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [269, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION / INTERPRETATION : We found an increased risk of hip fracture in women younger than 75 years with Type I diabetes or with Type II diabetes of long duration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean 24 h urinary excretion values confirmed this observation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigate the mechanism of TPA induction of FGF - BP gene expression in the human ME - 180 SCC cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGF - BP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They represent a physiologically more meaningful pattern than the arithmetic mean with standard deviation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of gas composition in the air cell on pipping and liver metabolism in embryonic chicks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , FosB - L and FosB - S do not differ in all trans - regulatory properties : Trans - activation of a 5x TRE - CAT reporter construct in HeLa and NIH - 3T3 cells was found with both FosB forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "FosB - L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "FosB - S", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "TRE - CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "FosB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous genes of this family have been identified in animals , with the largest number found in vertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mineralized bone nodule formation in vitro by cell populations from young adult rabbit alveolar bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble extracts from FGF - treated as compared with quiescent fibroblasts exhibited up to 3 - fold higher kinase activity towards S6 in exogenously added rat liver 40S ribosomes and a synthetic peptide , RRLSSLRA .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "S6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 133]}, {"entity": "rat liver 40S ribosomes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , when pulmonary abnormalities are found in HTLV - 1 carriers , we should be careful in determining whether such pulmonary involvements are etiologically related to HTLV - 1 infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that 48 % of the patients had their thoracolumbar blood supply based on two anterior radiculospinal arteries the lowest of which was located at , or lower than , T12 , and the second and higher one between T6 and T10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - species characterization of the promoter region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene reveals multiple levels of regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "promoter region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leader peptide was hypothesized to inhibit ribosome release at the tnaC stop codon , thereby blocking Rho ' s access to the transcript .", "entity": [{"entity": "tnaC stop codon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "Rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have isolated a unique murine FLT3 cDNA that codes for a variant isoform of FLT3 , devoid of the fifth Ig - like domain , by comparison with the prototypic form .", "entity": [{"entity": "murine FLT3 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "FLT3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "Ig - like domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , 22 % of MDS responded to oral PLAC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma beta - thromboglobulin ( beta - TG ) , a platelet - specific protein , is a marker of intravascular platelet degranulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plasma beta - thromboglobulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "beta - TG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Synechococcus gene rps1 encoding S1 is located 1 . 1 kb downstream from psbB , which encodes the photosystem II P680 chlorophyll a apoprotein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Synechococcus gene rps1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "S1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "psbB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "photosystem II P680 chlorophyll a apoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additions of NH4 + up to 200 micrograms 1 ( - 1 ) were not stimulatory , whereas at 1 . 0 mg 1 ( - 1 ) levels , Ke was 50 % greater than for NO3 - enriched medium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with lipid X was not necessary to improve survival : 16 of 17 ( 94 % ) infected and visibly ill animals that received lipid X and ticarcillin 6 h after thigh inoculation survived versus 30 of 44 ( 68 % ) control animals treated with ticarcillin alone ( P less than 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1988 and 1994 , data from 3 large sites revealed a 3 - 5 fold increase in the prevalence of antidepressant ( ATD ) treatment for U . S . youths aged 2 - 19 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Analysis by Pearson ' s correlation showed that the subjects who had higher scores of SSMS during the drum rotation generated the following : a ) a higher rating of over - all sickness ( r = 0 . 76 ) ; b ) a higher ratio of spectral power of EGG at 4 - 9 cycles per minute ( cpm ) between drum rotation and baseline periods ( r = 0 . 63 ) ; c ) a higher net percent increase of spectral power in the EEG frequency band 0 . 5 - 4 Hz between drum rotation and baseline periods on C3 ( r = 0 . 29 ) and C4 ( r = 0 . 31 ) ; d ) a higher ratio of spectral power of EEG frequency band 0 . 5 - 4 Hz between drum rotation and baseline periods on C3 ( r = 0 . 31 ) ; and e ) a higher level of net increase in skin conductance from baseline to drum rotation ( r = 0 . 30 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline ( 10 mg / kg . i . v . ) , the effects of tyramine ( 1000 micrograms ) injected into the hepatic artery were potentiated .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the addition of intravenous injection of FPFD 101 resulted in a marked improvement in their symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report that Gcn5 , a histone H3 acetylase , plays a central role in initiation of meiosis via effects on IME2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gcn5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "histone H3 acetylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "IME2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of high concentrations ( propofol 100 microg mL - 1 , thiopental 50 microg mL - 1 ) marked relaxation was observed ( propofol - 32 % up to - 49 % , P < 0 , 05 ; thiopental - 23 % up to - 67 % , P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In further support of the biological significance of these DNA - protein interactions , the IL2RA oligonucleotide from - 291 to - 245 proved to be sufficient in either orientation to confer PMA inducibility to the mitogen - insensitive thymidine kinase gene promoter in Jurkat cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL2RA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [236, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino acid residues and subdomains important for DNA binding , hormone binding , dimerization , and transactivation are mostly conserved among all VDR species .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the nucleotide ( nt ) sequence and genomic organization of ipiB and ipiO .", "entity": [{"entity": "ipiB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "ipiO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , we demonstrate that this 25 - base pair region mediates the up - regulatory effect of TGF - beta on COL1A2 promoter activity and allows antagonistic activity of TNF - alpha on the TGF - beta effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "COL1A2 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "TNF - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 187]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphatidylglycerol / phosphatidylinositol transfer protein ( PG / PI - TP ) is a new and original phospholipid transfer protein ( PLTP ) isolated from the Deuteromycete , Aspergillus oryzae .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylglycerol / phosphatidylinositol transfer protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 64]}, {"entity": "PG / PI - TP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "phospholipid transfer protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 133]}, {"entity": "PLTP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 5789 - nucleotide - long EcoRI fragment from the genome of Thermotoga maritima , identified by cross - hybridization to L11 , L1 , L10 , and L12 ribosomal protein gene sequences from Escherichia coli , was cloned and sequenced .", "entity": [{"entity": "5789 - nucleotide - long EcoRI fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 41]}, {"entity": "L11", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "L1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "L10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "L12 ribosomal protein gene sequences from Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endotoxemia and bacteremia in patients with sepsis syndrome in the intensive care unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several 35 - mm slides of dystrophin - , laminin - , and concanavalin A ( ConA ) - stained muscle sections were used to calculate myofiber cross - sectional areas and to compare different techniques and settings of an image capture system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dystrophin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "laminin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "concanavalin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "ConA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , after a single oral dose , the role of the mu - receptor agonist component of the antinociceptive effect of tramadol appears to be minor , with most of the analgesic effect being attributable to nonopioid properties of the parent compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "mu - receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA for this protein is expressed in the T - ALL cell line Jurkat and has been designated HUG1 , for HOX11 Upstream Gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUG1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "HOX11 Upstream Gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In solution , [ ( 125 ) I ] - labeled ankyrin was found by ND - PAGE3 to enhance the affinity of spectrin self - association by 10 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "ankyrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "spectrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MEF - 2 proteins are a family of transcriptional activators that have been detected in a wide variety of cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEF - 2 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jet lag and melatonin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manual sample clean - up procedures as well as the addition of an internal standard are not needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of diabetes and retinal complications", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , an N - terminal RNAP mutant that has a decreased capacity to bind single - stranded RNA forms halted complexes with much lower levels of stability than the WT enzyme , and these complexes are not stabilized by the presence of the NT strand .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - terminal RNAP mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The densities ranged between 2 and 3976 neurites / mm2 skin surface , but the overlap between subjects and without PHN was small .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study demonstrates that the proto - oncogene c - jun represses transcription of the human CG alpha and CG beta promoters . c - Jun repressed the CG alpha promoter through a canonical cAMP response element ( CRE ) that is known to bind c - Jun and other members of the B - Zip transcription factor family .", "entity": [{"entity": "proto - oncogene c - jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "human CG alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "CG beta promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "CG alpha promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 174]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [247, 254]}, {"entity": "B - Zip transcription factor family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [280, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mouse lactoferrin gene promoter was active in human endometrium carcinoma RL 95 - 2 cells and in rat glioma C6 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactoferrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report that the PH domain of an IRS protein can function in a dominant negative manner to inhibit insulin signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "PH domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "IRS protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "insulin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is exposure to a patient with Crohn ' s disease an environmental factor for developing the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that low - power laser irradiation can be used for promotion of vascularization and take of tissue transplants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In experiment 1 , subjects were required to discriminate male from female faces and no hemispheric asymmetries were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the albino , both the ST1 and ST2 spatial responses peak at around 0 . 3 cycles deg - 1 , and both curves are displaced considerably to the low spatial frequency side of the normal ST2 spatial response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scores for these three factors , which corresponded to recognizable dimensions of depressive illness , were then correlated with rCBF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The etiology was established in 73 ( 76 . 8 % ) out of 95 cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on the patient ' s body position telemetrically measured CSF - pressures varied between - 20 cmH2O in erect and 15 cmH2O in supine position .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients received either sodium cephalothin or placebo intravenously before the procedure and for up to 8 additional doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that NMDA receptor blockade may ameliorate the dyskinetic complications of long - term levodopa therapy , without diminishing the beneficial effects on parkinsonian signs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before flecainide , all patients had easily inducible VT that was morphologically identical to their spontaneously occurring arrhythmia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HCV structural proteins ( core , E1 , and E2 ) , DDX3 and core colocalized in distinct spots in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "core", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "E1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "E2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "DDX3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "core", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , PC12 cell clones which expressed p33rsu - 1 at an increased level in a regulatable fashion in response to dexamethasone were isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "p33rsu - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential decay of a polycistronic Escherichia coli transcript is initiated by RNaseE - dependent endonucleolytic processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNaseE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An incorrect response on the previous trial enhanced the accuracy in the current trial only in the left visual field ( LVF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SEC27 gene was cloned , and the sequence predicts a 99 . 4 - kDa protein with 45 % sequence identity to mammalian beta ' - COP .", "entity": [{"entity": "SEC27 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "beta ' - COP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Column chromatographic determination of polymyxin B sulfate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subgroup analysis failed to show any benefit for etoposide in patients with monocytic or myelomonocytic disease , or in any other diagnostic subgroup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monosulfates of 16 - oxygenated ketonic C19 steroids in adult human urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of 2 cancers of the colon", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretoria Pasteurisation is feasible and reliable under a range of conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer analysis revealed that the human protein P1 sequence corresponding to amino acid residues within the N - terminal RNA binding domain displays high homology ( greater than 54 % identity ; 61 to 94 % similarity ) with two animal virus proteins which possess RNA binding activity ( vaccinia virus E3L ; rotavirus VP2 ) and two proteins of unknown function ( murine TIK ; rotavirus NS34 ) , but which are likely RNA binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "human protein P1 sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 61]}, {"entity": "vaccinia virus E3L", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [288, 306]}, {"entity": "rotavirus VP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [309, 322]}, {"entity": "murine TIK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [364, 374]}, {"entity": "rotavirus NS34", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [377, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C / EBP delta ( NFIL - 6 beta ) was not detected in complexes utilizing extracts from the IL - 1 nonproducing T cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "C / EBP delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "NFIL - 6 beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "IL - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noise in STM due to atoms moving in the tunneling space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , mutations of the C - rich element that disrupted a GC box located on the inverse strand eliminated PMA responsiveness and , in gel mobility shift assays , eliminated binding of Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [187, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a consensus casein kinase II ( CKII ) site and , using purified wild - type and mutant proteins , we show that it is the main CKII site in the body of the N - terminal complex - forming region .", "entity": [{"entity": "casein kinase II", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "CKII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "CKII site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down - regulation of Id1 mRNA correlated with mitogenesis and occurred when quiescent cells were treated with growth factors that activate G protein - coupled receptors and receptor protein tyrosine kinases but not with a non - mitogenic cAMP analog .", "entity": [{"entity": "Id1 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "G protein - coupled receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 168]}, {"entity": "receptor protein tyrosine kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [173, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study adaptive processes following spinal cord injury , unstructured audiotaped interviews were conducted on an almost daily basis with a 30 - year - old divorced male during the first 3 months of his initial comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning and characterization of the 5 ' flanking region of human ATP - citrate lyase gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "human ATP - citrate lyase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The broad range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY 294002 ( 2 - ( 4 - morpholinyl ) - 8 - phenyl - 4H - 1 - benzopyran - 4 - one ) also blocked adenosine A3 receptor stimulation of p42 / p44 MAPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 39]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 99]}, {"entity": "adenosine A3 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 243]}, {"entity": "p42", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [259, 262]}, {"entity": "p44", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [265, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defective concanavalin A - induced suppression in bancroftian filariasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "concanavalin A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rising antibody titres to the astrovirus particles were demonstrated in one child , and IgM was also demonstrated in this patient ' s serum .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demonstration of changes in fetal liver erythropoiesis using echo - planar magnetic resonance imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely the rate of bioavailability was significantly different , because from the Reference patch the release rate is fast in the first 24 h , leading to an E2 peak at 8 h and to a Cmax in average at 23 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of dexamethasone on the development of radiation nephropathy in the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reaction of aromatic / heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing free amino , imino or hydrazino moieties with 7 - chloro - 4 - chloromethylcoumarin afforded a series of N - [ ( 7 - chloro - 4 - coumarinyl ) - methyl ] - derivatives which showed effective inhibition of three carbonic anhydrase ( CA ) isozymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonic anhydrase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [271, 289]}, {"entity": "CA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [292, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study also emphasizes the need of establishing dose - response curves to correctly assess the relative contribution of the different regions of steroid hormone receptors in activation of transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid hormone receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1986 ) described optic nerve degenerations in patients with Alzheimer ' s disease and Sadun published a dropout of retinal ganglion cells that range from 30 % to 60 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , these results suggest that the interactions , and consequently the mechanisms , governing transcriptional activation by CTF are distinct from those mediating DNA replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "CTF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These proteins , called variant surface glycoproteins ( VSGs ) , are expressed from a specific locus , the VSG gene expression site ( ES ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "variant surface glycoproteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 53]}, {"entity": "VSGs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "VSG gene expression site ( ES )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temporal changes in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor ( iANF ) were studied in six conscious dogs with an arteriovenous ( AV ) fistula , a model of chronic high - output heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 92]}, {"entity": "iANF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ hybridization of whole - mount mouse embryos with Mex5 antisense RNA provide no evidence for the exclusion of Mex5 during embryonic development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mex5 antisense RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "Mex5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karyo - and cytometric investigations of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons of albino rat after three various fixations", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cloning of human apo B - 100 has provided new insights into the structure and physicochemical properties of apo B - 100 and will facilitate studies on the factors modulating apo B - 100 biosynthesis and the expression of the apo B - 100 gene in patients with dyslipoproteinemias .", "entity": [{"entity": "human apo B - 100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "apo B - 100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "apo B - 100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [178, 189]}, {"entity": "apo B - 100 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas eugametos , cellular division is readily synchronized by light / dark cycles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis linked Plk expression to the proliferative activity of cells and tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1 . 5 - month - old boy with Sandifer ' s syndrome is described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 40 - fold stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity mediated by four tandem repeats of the SNE could be induced within 2 h ( and up to 250 - fold within 6 h ) after addition of TPA in DNA - transfected U - 937 cells , indicating that the stimulation appeared likely to be a true protein kinase C - mediated signal transduction event rather than a differentiation response .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 60]}, {"entity": "SNE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [297, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A silica - based , fluoride - free placebo containing NaTPP , and a NaF - containing silica - based USP reference standard toothpaste were used as negative and positive control toothpastes , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular cloning of the alpha - globin transcription factor CP2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - globin transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 60]}, {"entity": "CP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study tries to associate some of the causes of hot ischaemia during the agony of the corpse donor and to evaluate those that may be caused by sympathetic efference during removal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cost and effectiveness of nurse education - - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 1988 and 1995 , 341 children with acute myeloid leukaemia ( AML ) were treated on the Medical Research Council Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Trial ( MRC AML10 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the yeast two - hybrid system , we have isolated an 835 amino acid RING finger ( C3HC4 zinc finger ) protein , TIF1 beta ( also named KAP - 1 ) , that specifically interacts with the KRAB domain of the human zinc finger factor KOX1 / ZNF10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIF1 beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "KAP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "KRAB domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 200]}, {"entity": "KOX1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [233, 237]}, {"entity": "ZNF10", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [240, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - terminal sequences of isoforms beta to epsilon contain a PEST region which could induce rapid intracellular degradation of isoforms beta and delta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their central projections were indistinguishable from those of control axons in all four trigeminal subnuclei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typicality is probably a better representation of Alexander , Dunbar and others ' conclusions than specificity , which was always too absolute a term .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then developed a yeast artificial chromosome ( YAC ) contig for this region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to TAK1 , TGF - beta also stimulated JNK activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "TGF - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "JNK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was carried out according to the BSI ( 1980 ) recommendations for testing restorative materials in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen patients on maintenance hemodialysis underwent dialysis with either cuprophane ( n = 8 ) or polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA ; n = 8 ) membranes for 1 week and then switched to the opposite membrane during the second week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference in plasma ET levels was found between cardiac and peripheral sampling sites ( pulmonary artery ; 1 . 07 + / - 0 . 28 , right atrium ; 1 . 02 + / - 0 . 28 , peripheral artery ; 1 . 12 + / - 0 . 23 , peripheral vein ; 1 . 14 + / - 0 . 38 fmol / ml : N . S . ) , or among patients with uncomplicated MI , unstable angina ( 1 . 00 + / - 0 . 32 fmol / ml ) , and healthy subjects ( 1 . 01 + / - 0 . 29 fmol / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ET", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxalates and the digestive tract", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the MCV - 1 RPO1 revealed high amino acid homologies to the corresponding polypeptides of vaccinia and variola virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCV - 1 RPO1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This interaction is functional as it leads to retargeting of NF - kappa B p50 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Point mutations of Stat3 within the interacting domains blocked both physical interaction of Stat3 with c - Jun and their cooperation in IL - 6 - induced transcription directed by the alpha ( 2 ) - macroglobulin enhancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Stat3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "IL - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 143]}, {"entity": "alpha ( 2 ) - macroglobulin enhancer", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [184, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of masked toxins in the exotoxin complex of Staphylococcus pyogenes und Cl . perfringens ; significance of their existence for clarifying of the masking mechanism", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation coefficients between SF thickness and NIR optical density readings at 940 nm ( OD1 ) and 950 nm ( OD2 ) wavelengths ranged from r = - 0 . 30 ( subscapula ) to r = - 0 . 67 ( biceps ) for OD1 and r = - 0 . 39 ( axilla ) to r = - 0 . 68 ( biceps ) for OD2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfer of health care to natives holds much promise , lecturers say .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second group , which consisted of babies of 33 to 36 weeks of gestational age , haptoglobin was detected in 6 infants , with levels less than 25 mg / dl in 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "haptoglobin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical picture , the light and electron microscopic appearance , and the histochemical findings are described in six cases of fibroma of tendon sheath .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesize that the ability of these acidic activators to specifically interact with multiple components of the transcription initiation complex likely underlies the dramatic functional synergy exhibited by this class of activation domains in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High and pathological PAI - 1 levels before and after the VO test were consistent with a defective fibrinolytic potential due to the inhibitory effect of PAI - 1 on plasminogen activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "PAI - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "plasminogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . aureus leakage into the totally submerged test specimens was detected in 1 of 5 samples incubated for 4 weeks , while no leakage was detected in specimens incubated for 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAPKK kinase / MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase , MAPK kinase / MEK , which in turn activates MAPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAPKK kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "MEKK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "MAPK kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "MEK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Prompt and Praise condition was superior to the other two conditions in encouraging participation in low - interest recreational activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The author describes the technique in detail and presents the findings for 25 patients ( 10 men and 15 women ) examined for suspected ileostomy dysfunction , recurrent Crohn ' s disease or ileal obstruction remote from the stoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical studies have identified a cellular non - P element - encoded DNA binding protein , termed the inverted repeat binding protein ( IRBP ) , that specifically interacts with the outer half of the 31 - bp terminal inverted repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - P element - encoded DNA binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 92]}, {"entity": "inverted repeat binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 137]}, {"entity": "IRBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that eIF5 - eIF2beta interaction plays an essential role in eIF5 function in eukaryotic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "eIF5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "eIF2beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "eIF5", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delayed activation of the prostaglandin G / H synthase - 2 promoter in bovine granulosa cells is associated with down - regulation of truncated upstream stimulatory factor - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin G / H synthase - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 62]}, {"entity": "upstream stimulatory factor - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nb2 - 11C cells expressed three PNR - related mRNA transcripts of 2 . 5 , 3 . 0 and > 10 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNR - related mRNA transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E1A + cHa - ras transformed rat embryo fibroblast cells are characterized by high and constitutive DNA binding activities of AP - 1 dimers with significantly altered composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cHa - ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "AP - 1 dimers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we have used Southern blot analysis to demonstrate that TSG6 is a single - copy gene in the human and murine species .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSG6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Latanoprost administered once daily was significantly more effective in reducing IOP compared with unoprostone administered twice daily in patients with POAG and OH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of HIV gene expression by UV must therefore involve additional cellular processes , such as those triggered by DNA damage , for generation of a full gene expression response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One promoter , p53P1 , is located 100 - 250 bp upstream of the 218 - bp noncoding first exon ; a second , stronger promoter , p53P2 , maps within the first intron .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53P1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "p53P2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydropathy analysis of deduced A4 amino acid sequence revealed four putative membrane - spanning alpha - helices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study includes 200 patients treated from 1964 to 1978 , with an age range from 15 to 102 years , who required 329 generators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is little similarity among the sequences upstream from the CAP site of the Spec2 genes except the TATA consensus sequence and a repeating trinucleotide , AAC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spec2 genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiological imaging such as UGI series and CT scan was useful to arrive at an accurate diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome before 1980 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the promoters of many immediate early genes , including c - fos , CArG DNA regulatory elements mediate basal constituitive expression and rapid and transient serum induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "immediate early genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "c - fos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that optimal transcription of the gD gene depends on the interaction of ICP4 with multiple binding sites across the gene and cellular factors that recognize specific sequence elements in the promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "gD gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "ICP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strains lacking a functional RPL16A gene grow as rapidly as wild type , whereas those containing a null allele of RPL16B grow more slowly than wild type .", "entity": [{"entity": "functional RPL16A gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 40]}, {"entity": "RPL16B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maduromycosis in Italy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cetn1 possesses the sequence features of an expressed retroposon : the gene lacks introns , the open reading frame is not interrupted by stop codons , and the coding region is flanked by a pair of direct repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cetn1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substitutions of Asp11 led to dominant lethality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sty1 kinase is stimulated by a variety of different stress conditions including osmotic and oxidative stress and heat shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sty1 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute toxicity tests were conducted to measure the response of first instar Toxorhynchites splendens to commonly used mosquito adulticides : malathion , naled and resmethrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prospectively studied serum prolactin ( PRL ) elevation after different types of documented seizures in 17 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "PRL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further identify the residues responsible for the activity , we isolated the mutant viruses that were not neutralized with the soluble form of MHV receptor proteins , since such mutants were expected to have mutations in amino acids responsible for receptor - binding activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MHV receptor proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When lipid X was combined with ticarcillin , survival differences were both significant and prolonged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the secondary stress responses were more pronounced and the ability to recover from them seemed to be impaired in exposed fish as compared to unexposed fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal glomerulosclerosis - like disease with nephrotic syndrome in a horse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , both activated Ral - GDS - like factor and Raf stimulate cyclin D ( 1 ) transcription and E2F activity and act in synergy with PI 3 - kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ral - GDS - like", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "Raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "cyclin D ( 1 )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "E2F", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with polyinosinic - polycytidylic acid to induce expression of Cre resulted in complete disruption of the Arnt gene and loss of ARNT messenger RNA ( mRNA ) expression in liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cre", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "Arnt gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "ARNT messenger RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve patients of leprosy with arthritis and 161 patients without arthritis were studied for immunological parameters like immunoglobulins ( IgG , IgM , IgA ) , C - reactive proteins and rheumatoid factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "immunoglobulins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 139]}, {"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "IgM", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "IgA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "C - reactive proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 183]}, {"entity": "rheumatoid factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological functions of rat surfactant protein A ( SP - A ) , an oligomer composed of 18 polypeptide subunits derived from a single gene , are dependent on intact disulfide bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "surfactant protein A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [32, 52]}, {"entity": "SP - A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DIC and low grade fibrinolysis may account for the coagulation abnormalities of the syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All depressive groups showed improved error measures post - treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmid subclones of the hr1a - containing AcMNPV HindIII - N fragment were examined for their ability to replicate in virus - infected ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) Sf9 cells , and to stimulate transcription when linked in cis with a 39K gene promoter - beta - glucuronidase fusion and cotransfected into cells along with a plasmid ( ple - 1 ) containing the gene encoding the trans - acting factor IE - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hr1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "HindIII", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "39K gene promoter - beta - glucuronidase fusion", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 278]}, {"entity": "IE - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [396, 402]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This new receptor , TOR ( thymus orphan receptor ) , is most closely related in both its DNA - binding domain and ligand - binding domain , 90 % and 53 % , respectively , to ROR alpha / RZR alpha and clusters with these two receptors and RZR beta in a phylogenetic tree , when both the DNA - binding domain and the ligand - binding domain sequences of nuclear receptors are compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "TOR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "thymus orphan receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "ROR alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "RZR alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "RZR beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescence tests for Borrelia burgdorferi serum antibodies had positive results , but G - penicillin treatment was ineffective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Borrelia burgdorferi serum antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser soldering with exogenous fibrinogen is feasible without topical administration of additional clotting agents , significantly improves the bursting strength of primary laser welded anastomoses , and appears to result from urokinase - resistant fibrinogen cross - linking .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "urokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 236]}, {"entity": "fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [249, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raman scattering from VO2 single crystals : A study of the effects of surface oxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular insufficiency requires two SP / patient , with good results in approximately 81 p . cent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of wild type and SeCys / Cys mutant of human thioredoxin reductase in E . coli : the role of selenocysteine in the catalytic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "human thioredoxin reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "50 - fold increase in foreign protein production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rare tRNA - Arg ( CCU ) that regulates Ty1 element ribosomal frameshifting is essential for Ty1 retrotransposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "tRNA - Arg ( CCU )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "Ty1 element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Ty1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , putative binding sites for SH3 and SH2 domains are present in the amino - terminal half of the molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "SH2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technique used by this system involves a transient , externally applied increase in resistance to breathing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vorozole ( Rivizor ) is a potent and stereospecific inhibitor of aromatase having shown promising endocrine effects in phase I studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "aromatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping the 5 ' and 3 ' termini of TED RNAs indicated that the LTRs have a retroviral U3 - R - U5 structural organization that is capable of directing the synthesis of transcripts that represent potential substrates for reverse transcription and intermediates in transposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "TED RNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Meis1 cDNA clone that encoded a novel member of the homeobox gene family was identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meis1 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "homeobox gene family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular lysates were analyzed for luciferase and beta - galactosidase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "beta - galactosidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein contains a SHAQKYF amino acid signature motif in the second myb - like repeat , which is highly conserved in a number of recently identified plant myb - related genes , thus defining a new class of plant DNA - binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "myb - like repeat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "plant myb - related genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , sphincter length decreased with age from 24 . 3 to 14 . 8 mm . , maximal urethral pressure from 88 . 7 to 55 cm . water and maximal urethral pressure during voluntary contraction from 221 . 4 to 166 . 3 cm . water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DF3 / MUC1 gene encodes a high molecular weight mucin - like glycoprotein which is overexpressed at the transcriptional level in the majority of human breast cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "DF3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "MUC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "high molecular weight mucin - like glycoprotein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cephalothoracophagus disymmetros buffalo calf .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 32 of them the results of an exercise performance test based on heart rate response to submaximal exercise ( VO2 , 170 [ bpm ] ) was compared with another index of physical performance capacity , which is independent from heart rate : the ventilatory threshold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with KP - 45 preparation usually resulted in partial regression of tumor growth , accompanied by improvement of the clinical state of these patients , as well as reappearance of normal values of blood picture and biochemical parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electromobility shift analysis using oligonucleotides encompassing the proximal , distal , and BED / AP - 1 - binding regions failed to demonstrate selective transactivation after CD2 signaling of LPMC .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "CD2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four families of homing endonucleases have been identified , including the LAGLIDADG , the His - Cys box , the GIY - YIG and the H - N - H endonucleases .", "entity": [{"entity": "homing endonucleases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 37]}, {"entity": "LAGLIDADG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "His - Cys box", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "GIY - YIG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "H - N - H endonucleases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of aluminum hydroxide was associated with an increase in fecal fluoride excretion and a decrease in net absorption of fluoride regardless of the intake fluoride , calcium , phosphorus , or magnesium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of SnCl2 and ZnSO4 ( group V ) resulted in a decrease of ALA - D activity and in an increase in CP - U .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALA - D", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexistence of Turner ' s syndrome and schizophrenia", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A selectable marker for transformation was constructed by transcriptional fusion of a Ustilago maydis heat shock gene promoter with the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene of Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ustilago maydis heat shock gene promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 126]}, {"entity": "hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene of Escherichia coli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [136, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , FACT specifically interacts with nucleosomes and histone H2A / H2B dimers , indicating that it may work by promoting nucleosome disassembly upon transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "FACT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "H2A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "H2B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All exon / intron splice junctions follow the GT / AG rule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetoacetate decarboxylase ( ADC ) ( EC4 . 1 . 1 . 4 ) of Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792 was purified to homogeneity , and its first 25 N - terminal amino acids were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetoacetate decarboxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "ADC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "EC4 . 1 . 1 . 4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that tandem alpha - helices located near the C - terminus of PC - TP facilitate membrane binding and extraction of phosphatidylcholines .", "entity": [{"entity": "PC - TP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the mechanism by which Tax activates gene expression in conjunction with members of the ATF / CREB family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tax", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "ATF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "CREB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repression of the herpes simplex virus 1 alpha 4 gene by its gene product ( ICP4 ) within the context of the viral genome is conditioned by the distance and stereoaxial alignment of the ICP4 DNA binding site relative to the TATA box .", "entity": [{"entity": "herpes simplex virus 1 alpha 4 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 53]}, {"entity": "ICP4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "ICP4 DNA binding site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [186, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied 18 dogs , anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing both room air and after the inhalation of a gas mixture containing 10 % CO2 , 20 . 9 % O2 , and 69 . 1 % N2 , to determine the role of histamine , serotonin , and acidaemia in pulmonary hypertension produced by hypercapnia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disaster medicine", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both liver and pancreatic islet , glucokinase is subject to inhibition by a regulatory protein ( GCKR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucokinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "GCKR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At promoters that initiate with + 1 GGG , T7 RNAP synthesizes a ladder of poly ( G ) products as a result of slippage of the transcript on the three C residues in the template strand from + 1 to + 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "T7 RNAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription analysis of the EcoRI D region of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus identifies an early 4 - kilobase RNA encoding the essential p143 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "EcoRI D region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "p143 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vectorcardiography in coronary patients with the electrocardiographic RS segment in the V1 lead", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this second clinical paper , the genetic features of the case of microphthalmia in sheep reported by Wagenaar is discussed in greater detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the arterial and venous thrombi were clearly discernible at 2 to 8 h after injection of 99Tcm - SZ - 51 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First aid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the blend of Metanil yellow and Orange II ( 1 : 1 ) resulted in the D1 50 . value of 288 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel protein kinase C ( PKC ) - interacting protein was identified by the yeast two - hybrid screening using the regulatory domain of PKC beta I as a bait .", "entity": [{"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "PKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "PKC beta I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we show that the activating effect of this mutation is not the result of creating an exonic splicing enhancer ( ESE ) or disrupting a putative secondary structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The architecture of the hRap1 Myb domain is very close to that of each of the Myb domains from TRF1 , scRap1p and c - Myb .", "entity": [{"entity": "hRap1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Myb domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Myb domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "TRF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "scRap1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "c - Myb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was tragically highlighted by the death of a 17 year old dental nurse after taking a single 1 g tablet of sodium nitrite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this posttranslational modification of the gar2 protein does not appear to be essential for normal production of 18S rRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "gar2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "18S rRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BRSV L gene is 6573 nt in length and the derived polypeptide has 2162 aa .", "entity": [{"entity": "BRSV L gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRAP2 also shares significant homology with a hypothetical protein from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , especially in the zinc finger region .", "entity": [{"entity": "BRAP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have isolated and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of another operon , cpeCD , that encodes the linker proteins associated with phycoerythrin hexamers in the phycobilisome .", "entity": [{"entity": "cpeCD", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "phycoerythrin hexamers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 164]}, {"entity": "phycobilisome", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the results of a detailed study aimed at identifying the gene or genes responsible for the rapid growth - arrest response obtained with human chromosome - 9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel Cdc42Hs mutant induces cellular transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cdc42Hs mutant", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [8, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified Tyr ( 112 ) and Leu ( 175 ) within the RNA - binding domain of the U1 70K protein to be cross - linked to G ( 28 ) and U ( 30 ) in stem - loop I , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "U1 70K protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the scallop extract potentiated phototactic suppression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic field influence on central nervous system function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Staphylococcus xylosus SX63 was detected as a strain with high adherence activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macrophages : modulators of immunity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialyse Studie is a prospective randomized placebo - controlled trial that tests the hypothesis that atorvastatin , a hydroxymethyl - glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor , decreases the rate of cardiovascular mortality and of nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes who have been on hemodialysis treatment for no more than two years .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxymethyl - glutaryl coenzyme A reductase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An OD 650 greater than 0 . 15 appears to be a rapid , reliable indicator of fetal lung maturity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This high dose 5 - FU + Act - D protocol was effective for drug resistant cases with MEA protocol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it appears that GCN2 protein kinase function is stimulated posttranslationally in amino acid - starved cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCN2 protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSEn stimulated transcription of a variety of promoters , including the hCS , human growth hormone , thymidine kinase , and Rous sarcoma virus promoters , in human choriocarcinoma cell lines ( BeWo and JEG - 3 ) but not HeLa cells or rat somatolactotrophes ( GC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSEn", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hCS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "human growth hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 98]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "Rous sarcoma virus promoters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV - 2 in Spain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of mefloquine resistance in rodent Plasmodium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airborne rabies encephalitis : demonstration of rabies virus in the human central nervous system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No promoter activity could be detected with various mouse Fli - 1 promoter - CAT constructs containing 600 bp of the 5 ' flanking region , the complete exon 1 , the 5 ' end of intron 1 and / or retroviral LTR sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse Fli - 1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 74]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that the FRAP Ser2035 - - > Ala mutant displays similar binding affinity when compared with the wild - type protein , whereas all other mutations at this site , including mimics of phosphoserine , abolish binding , presumably due to either unfavorable steric interactions or induced conformational changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "FRAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the mechanism of ribosomal frameshifting at the PVM signal is different from the one described by the ' simultaneous slippage ' model in that only the string of four adenosine nucleotides represents the slippery sequence involved in a - 1 P - site slippage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fru gene has seven exons spanning 15 - kb encoding two transcripts with ORFs of 841 and 695 amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "fru gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sequence can interact with at least two proteins in a fibroblast nuclear extract that have binding characteristics of an Ets family protein and a serum response factor - like protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ets family protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [126, 144]}, {"entity": "serum response factor - like protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response properties of single units in the accessory optic system of the dark - reared cat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of tetracycline on the glycogen - producing function of the liver and intestinal microflora in white mice", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly higher levels of vitamin C and catalase activity were found in vegetarians ( C - 63 . 6 and 86 . 5 mumol / l ; CAT - 1497 and 1313 U / ml for males and females , respectively ) when compared to nonvegetarians ( C - 41 . 3 and 54 . 4 mumol / l ; CAT - 1192 and 1086 U / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed statistically significant positive associations with IMT in both groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "plasma fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presently , we made chain pair switch , chimeric , and site mutant gamma delta TCRs and transfected them into TCR - mutant Jurkat T cells to examine the effects of changing the TCR gamma junctional region sequences on reactivity to prenyl pyrophosphate Ags .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant gamma delta TCRs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [60, 83]}, {"entity": "TCR gamma junctional region sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 214]}, {"entity": "prenyl pyrophosphate Ags", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular dynamics simulations provide insight into the conformational flexibility of these analogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified Grocott ' s methenamine silver nitrate method for quick staining of Pneumocystis carinii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control of human aromatase expression is complex in that several promoters drive aromatase expression in a tissue - specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "human aromatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "aromatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , although Mist1 binds to E - boxes in vivo , the Mist1 protein lacks a functional transcription activation domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mist1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "Mist1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective upper abdominal sympathectomy increased basal acid output in rats but was without effect on stimulated acid output , serum gastrin concentration , and gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To isolate genes that contain zinc finger motifs , a human brain cDNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide complementary to the conserved \" linker \" sequence between adjacent zinc fingers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming growth factor beta activates the promoter of cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B through an Sp1 consensus site .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transforming growth factor beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "cyclin - dependent kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [58, 83]}, {"entity": "p15INK4B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "Sp1 consensus site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in addition to the previously characterized FAS - binding factor 1 interacting with the inositol / choline - responsive - element motif , a second motif common to the promoter regions of both FAS genes could be identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAS - binding factor 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "FAS genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [199, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kluyveromyces lactis , a budding yeast related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae , can grow on a wider variety of substrates and shows less sensitivity to glucose repression than does Saccharomyces cerevisiae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sociological analysis of the family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like other known GCD genes , GCD14 and GCD15 are therefore probably required for general translation initiation in addition to their roles in GCN4 - specific translational control .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCD genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "GCD14", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "GCD15", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "GCN4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sorting information to the chloroplastic inner envelope is contained in an NH2 - proximal part of mature IEP110 ( 110N ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mature IEP110", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "110N", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both algorithms have been implemented and applied to data simulated for a scanner with a large axial aperture ( 30 degrees ) , and also to data acquired with the ECAT HR and the ECAT HR + scanners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Murine Nramp is a candidate for the macrophage resistance gene Ity / Lsh / Bcg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Murine Nramp", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "Ity", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "Lsh", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Bcg", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum zinc and copper levels and urine copper concentrations in men were significantly lower than in women , while there were no differences in serum or urinary zinc and copper levels with age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnancy was ensued in 4 cases in group I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In these patients control of ventricular response rate with either HBA + VVIR pacemaker or atrioventricular modifying drugs + VVI pacemaker will lead to a significant improvement in exercise duration and quality of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western immunoblot analysis detected p55gag and its cleavage products p39 and p27 in purified particles derived by expression of gag and gag - pol , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "p55gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "p39", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "p27", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "gag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "pol", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three phases of cyclin E association with chromatin may facilitate the diverse activities of cyclin E - - Cdk2 in initiating replication , blocking rereplication , and allowing resetting of origins after mitosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "cyclin E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown that renin secretion is stimulated by endothelin , a recently discovered peptide with strong vasoconstrictive properties and stimulating effects on renin secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "endothelin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "renin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A higher percentage of children with cerebral malaria ( 40 per cent ) than with non - cerebral malaria ( 29 per cent ) or controls ( 20 per cent ) also had either serum ferritin < 100 micrograms / l and inflammation or sTfR > 7 . 3 mg / l or both .", "entity": [{"entity": "serum ferritin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "sTfR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [219, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients received BPB using bupivacaine 2 mg kg - 1 with adrenaline 1 in 200 , 000 , either with or without hyaluronidase 3000 iu , in a volume of 0 . 5 ml per 2 . 54 cm of the patient ' s height .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyaluronidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rifampicin resistance of uvsW - repressed replication suggests that it involves either tertiary initiation or some novel mode of initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "uvsW", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association between hyperhomocysteinemia and ischemic heart disease in Sri Lankans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the proteolipids of the vacuolar H + - ATPases were evolved in parallel with the eubacterial proteolipid , from a common ancestral gene that underwent gene duplication .", "entity": [{"entity": "vacuolar H + - ATPases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexpression of c - Rel in combination with ATF - 1 , CREB2 , or ATF - 1 / CREB2 leads to synergistic transactivation of a CD28RE - TRE reporter plasmid in quiescent Jurkat T - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - Rel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "ATF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "CREB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "ATF - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "CREB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "CD28RE - TRE reporter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a cDNA encoding CNN predicts a novel structural protein with three leucine zipper motifs and several coiled - coil domains exhibiting limited homology to the rod portion of myosin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cDNA encoding CNN", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "myosin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that the loss of weight , the decrease in food intake and the increase in brain MOPEG - SO4 induced by cyanamide reflect possible anorectic properties of the drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differential diagnosis of mineral oil lipidosis in lymph nodes with reaction to radiopaque oils and Whipple ' s disease is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum levels of cortisol and prolactin after nasal instillation of a suspension of vaginal exudate showed lower values than in control conditions ( nasal instillation of saline ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolactin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enhancer element functioned in a position - and orientation - independent manner both on the Pax - QNR P0 promoter and the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pax - QNR P0 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 119]}, {"entity": "heterologous thymidine kinase promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data when used to stimulate the collection of the information at antenatal or postnatal visits , nonetheless provide an accurate description of under - 3 mortality trends and differences for the two periods examined - - before 1984 and before 1989 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BHV - 1 UL24 , UL25 , UL26 and UL26 . 5 transcripts all terminated at a common 3 ' - polyadenylation site and varied significantly in their relative abundance .", "entity": [{"entity": "BHV - 1 UL24", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "UL25", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "UL26", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "UL26 . 5 transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ligand binding of multi - chain antigen receptors and hematopoietin / cytokine receptors results in rapid activation of protein tyrosine kinase ( PTK ) - dependent signalling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI 3 - kinase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematopoietin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "protein tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 143]}, {"entity": "PTK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [193, 224]}, {"entity": "PI 3 - kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [227, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - CPB cardiac index was superior in group B ( 3 . 9 + / - 0 . 3 vs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regulatory genes cnrYXH have been cloned , overexpressed , and purified in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "cnrYXH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive measures of attention included the Stroop and Controlled Oral Word Association Test using the letters \" C , \" \" F , \" and \" L \" ( COWAT , CFL version ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objectives of this study were 1 ) to quantify the comparative structural static and fatigue properties of the pointe shoe toe box , and 2 ) to evaluate the preferred shoe characteristics as determined by a survey of local dancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When linked to the herpes simplex thymidine kinase minimal promoter , this fragment acts as an enhancing element in Rcho but not GC cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on a case of a 43 - old - male with a bronchogenic cyst in the distal esophagus , which was misdiagnosed as a malignant esophageal tumor based on preoperative imaging and high levels of the tumor markers CA 19 - 9 and CA 125 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CA 19 - 9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [214, 223]}, {"entity": "CA 125", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [228, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oscillatory flow is reestablished in the model at the capillary - cerebrospinal fluid and capillary - venous interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This substrate was cleaved efficiently in trans by protease 3C derived from another recombinant vaccinia virus expressing a 3C precursor protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "protease 3C", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "3C precursor protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human and murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine proteases : subsite mapping with peptide thioester substrates and inhibition of enzyme activity and cytolysis by isocoumarins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human and murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine proteases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human Fc gamma receptor gene Fc gamma RIIA is expressed in platelets , neutrophils , monocytes and macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "human Fc gamma receptor gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "Fc gamma RIIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the nuclear envelope , the intranuclear double membrane lamellae enclosed a defined cisterna that was interrupted by pores but , unlike the nuclear envelope pores , they lacked NPCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of the human stress response gene GADD153 expression : role of ETS1 and FLI - 1 gene products .", "entity": [{"entity": "human stress response gene GADD153", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 52]}, {"entity": "ETS1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "FLI - 1 gene products", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On days 7 , 21 , and 35 postinoculation ( PI ) , all birds received sheep erythrocytes intravenously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher level of calories was attained by an increased intake of carbohydrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is now suggested that the use of more slowly digested starchy foods may have positive health benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each receptor must therefore engage a unique subset of the available signaling elements - - at least partly through the selection of proteins with src - homology 2 domains ( SH2 proteins ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "src - homology 2 domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 171]}, {"entity": "SH2 proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , it is perhaps not necessary to perform spinal puncture if the only purpose is to determine the CSF / serum ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSAIDS and the microcirculation of the stomach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly significant similarities were detected between the N - terminal region of P30 and those of GENA [ the product of another unidentified gene ( geneA ) located upstream of the aceEF - lpd operon ] , and GNTR ( a putative transcriptional repressor of the gluconate operon of Bacillus subtilis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "P30", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "GENA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "geneA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "aceEF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "lpd", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [188, 191]}, {"entity": "GNTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 211]}, {"entity": "gluconate operon", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [258, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoting fat utilisation by reducing the carbohydrate - fat ratio of the TPN reduces free radical activity to a similar extent as fat exclusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is postulated that the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer was affected by the antimetabolites since the morphological effects were strikingly similar to those caused by treatment of E . cloacae with disodium edetate plus lysozyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysozyme", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [226, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective 5 - HT2 receptor blocker ketanserin was found to reduce maximal urethral pressures in healthy females by about 40 % without reducing blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT2 receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of 10 , 709 , 701 chemistry specimens submitted to the participating laboratories during the data collection period , 37 , 208 ( 0 . 35 % ) were rejected prior to testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , VDR was able to bind to VDREs with high affinity and to fully activate transcription in intact yeast cells in the presence of the retinoid X receptor ( RXR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VDR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "retinoid X receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 165]}, {"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly identified repressor element is a rare example of a naturally occurring perfect palindromic binding motif for the NF - kappa B / Rel family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "Rel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - cross - linking studies suggested that these two complexes represent one and two molecules of ADR1 bound to DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the conservation of the two residues most sensitive to mutations ( Y949 and Y953 ) in TM11 , and in the homologous TM5 , of all mammalian P - gps and also in other ABC transporters , suggests that these residues and domains may play an important role in structural as well as mechanistic aspects common to this family of proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "mammalian P - gps", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 155]}, {"entity": "ABC transporters", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SF1 / mBBP utilizes a \" maxi - K homology \" ( maxi - KH ) domain for recognition of the single - stranded BPS and requires a cooperative interaction with splicing factor U2AF65 bound to an adjacent polypyrimidine tract ( PPT ) for high - affinity binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "SF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "mBBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "\" maxi - K homology \"", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "maxi - KH", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "U2AF65", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [170, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo response of the PacC - like decamers to external pH was dependent on the status of the pH - regulated activator YlRim101p , which is homologous to the A . nidulans PacC regulator .", "entity": [{"entity": "PacC - like decamers", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "YlRim101p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "PacC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spongiosa regeneration in the millipore chamber", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTX therapy decreased Ga - 67 uptake in liver , tumor , and muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of these materials were placed by means of three different placement techniques ( Bulk pack , Horizontal layering and Vertical layering ) into class II cavities in extracted human molars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the sequences essential for the transcription of EFT1 were localized to the region between the start ATG and the stop codon of the VPS17 gene that terminates 267 nt upstream on the same strand .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "VPS17 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No transactivation of the ovalbumin promoter ( pLovTATA ) template control was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovalbumin promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "pLovTATA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of cyclin - dependant kinases ( cdks ) or cdk2 from these extracts using affinity matrices severely inhibits initiation of S phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin - dependant kinases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "cdks", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this hypothesis , stimulation of A ( 2A ) - R or PKA enhanced nuclear aPKC activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "A ( 2A ) - R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "PKA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "nuclear aPKC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foreign DNA inserts contained within the fowlpox virus sequence were transferred to the viral genome by homologous recombination occurring in cells infected with a fowlpox virus temperature - sensitive mutant and transfected with both wild - type viral DNA and plasmid DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JCAHO to use ORYX data to detect sentinel events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons of the efficacy of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination have shown that benazepril 20 mg once daily is as effective as or more effective in lowering diastolic blood pressure than hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily and that the combination of benazepril 20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg has a possibly synergistic effect on diastolic blood pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carcinoma - related protein production may have played a role in the development of the observed renal lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carcinoma - related protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The study population included 70 patients with acute coronary syndromes ( 14 with recent acute myocardial infarction and 56 with unstable angina pectoris ) , 105 patients with stable angina pectoris , and 75 control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single amino acid substitutions were shown to result from the mutations pdr1 - 2 ( M308I ) , pdr1 - 3 ( F815S ) , pdr1 - 6 ( K302Q ) , pdr1 - 7 ( P298A ) and pdr1 - 8 ( L1036 W ) , whereas the intragenic suppressor mutant pdr1 - 100 is deleted for the two amino acids L537 and A538 .", "entity": [{"entity": "pdr1 - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "pdr1 - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "pdr1 - 6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "pdr1 - 7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "pdr1 - 8", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "pdr1 - 100", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no statistical difference in the Ca / P ratio , carbon concentration and surface energy were observed with different heat treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These motions were found in the N - and C - terminal tails , in segment 33 - 35 which forms the turn between beta - strands S1 and S2 , and residues 47 - 52 located in a long loop preceding strand S3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enterobius vermicularis eggs were demonstrated during microscopic examination of a smear taken from the posterior fornix of the vagina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differentiation of porcine mycoplasma strains by means of a simple paper chromatography test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D . , Hughes , F .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further showed a significant repression of promoter activity ( > 40 fold ) by E2 - 2 ( lacking the amino acid sequence RSRS ) when the E47 reporter construct , containing a hexameric E - box site , was used .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2 - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "E47 reporter construct", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis of AEBP2 cDNA revealed that it encodes a protein containing three Gli - Kruppel ( Cys2 - His2 ) - type zinc fingers .", "entity": [{"entity": "AEBP2 cDNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "Gli", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "Kruppel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The prevalence of haemagglutination inhibiting ( HI ) antibodies to JE virus ( JEV ) , West Nile virus ( WNV ) and dengue - 2 virus ( DEN - 2 ) was detected by HI test and IgM antibody capture ELISA ( MAC ELISA ) was performed to determine recent infections with JE virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "haemagglutination inhibiting ( HI ) antibodies", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 74]}, {"entity": "IgM antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the mechanism of these hormonal effects , we have studied the regulatory regions of the PFK - 2 gene in transfection experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFK - 2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tryptophan induction prevents Rho - dependent transcription termination in the leader region of the operon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro Raf - 1 kinase assay , however , failed to detect LPS - induced Raf - 1 kinase activity in RAW 264 . 7 cells , suggesting that in RAW 264 . 7 cells , Raf - 1 kinase is not an activating component of the LPS signaling pathway regulating MAPK activity or sIL - 1Ra promoter activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Raf - 1 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "Raf - 1 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Raf - 1 kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [248, 252]}, {"entity": "sIL - 1Ra promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [265, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects were 73 male and female employees of the Xerox Corporation joining a newly developed health fitness program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LT - beta gene is expressed in lymphoid cells and organs , but little is known about its inducible regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LT - beta gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - dependent pharmacokinetics : emphasis on phase I metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences in the incidence of fractured zonas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our Northern and Southern blot analyses of meningiomas clearly suggest the CLH - 22 gene may be involved in the tumor development and can be considered as a candidate for a tumor suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLH - 22 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference between the results in the high dose AHLG and in the control group was significant ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AHLG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stress / BHV - 1 model resulted in a mild respiratory infection in all calves with no difference observed between treatment groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytomegalovirus infection - - modern diagnosis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic organization of the human multidrug resistance ( MDR1 ) gene and origin of P - glycoproteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "human multidrug resistance ( MDR1 ) gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 68]}, {"entity": "P - glycoproteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pepI gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepI gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deep bite CL II Div .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negative modulation of alpha1 ( I ) procollagen gene expression in human skin fibroblasts : transcriptional inhibition by interferon - gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha1 ( I ) procollagen gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [23, 52]}, {"entity": "interferon - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [122, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet IL - 2 and IFN - gamma production are independently regulated , as demonstrated by their differential expression in certain T cell subsets , suggesting that the regulatory elements in these two genes must differ .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "IFN - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , FGFR3 signaling pathway utilizes two GRB2 - containing complexes ; Shc . GRB2 . Sos and 80K - H . pp66 . GRB2 . Sos ; these two complexes may alternatively link FGFG3 to mitogen - activated protein kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "FGFR3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "GRB2 - containing complexes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "Shc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "GRB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "Sos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "80K - H", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "pp66", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "GRB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "Sos", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "FGFG3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [183, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistance to Mup was classified as low ( minimal inhibitory concentration [ MIC ] > or = 8 microg / mL ) or high ( MIC > or = 512 microg / mL ) degree .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY DESIGN : Retrospective review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One had a 48 - hour cycle and the other a 24 - hour cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 The effects of high doses of piretanide , a new diuretic agent chemically related to frusemide and bumetanide were evaluated in twelve patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency ( creatinine clearance below 25 ml / min ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S1 nuclease protection mapping and primer extension analysis allowed us to propose that the A residue located 19 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon is the site of transcription initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "S1 nuclease", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various stimuli inactivate IkappaB alpha by triggering phosphorylation of the N - terminal residues Ser32 and Ser36 .", "entity": [{"entity": "IkappaB alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse brain cDNA library in lambdagt11 was screened for this association , and two positive clones encoding tyrosine phosphatase SH - PTP2 were isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "SH - PTP2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intensive therapy of viral hepatitis", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adjusting a steady - state warfarin dose depends on the measured INR values and clinical factors : the dose does not need to be adjusted for a single INR that is slightly out of range , and most changes should alter the total weekly dose by 5 % to 20 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successful resolution of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after combination therapy with cidofovir and cytosine arabinoside .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DFGF - R protein may thus participate in receiving spatial cues that guide tracheal cell outgrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "DFGF - R protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTF ( Joint Council of Civil Servants and Functionaries ) : clarification about membership in the main organizations", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences in binding ( Kdapp ) , incorporation , and extension kinetics of 8 - oxo - dGTP compared to normal dNTP incorporation at template 8 - oxo - G adducts indicate that polymerase fidelity does not depend solely upon the overall geometry of Watson - Crick base pairs and reflects the asymmetry of the enzyme active site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retroviral vector producer cell populations and cell clones were established for each chLTR vector , and all were capable of yielding high vector titers ( > 10 ( 5 ) G418R cfu / ml on NIH - 3T3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chLTR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "G418R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [166, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of these patients developed clinical events before disappearance of the phospholipid - dependent inhibitors of coagulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high titer of anti - HBc , thus suggested to be an indicator of persistent hepatitis B virus infection , was found rarely in seronegative patients with chronic hepatitis , non - alcoholic cirrhosis , or alcoholic liver diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - HBc", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using beta 1 - AR - luciferase reporter recombinants , we have previously determined that important beta 1 - AR genetic elements controlling expression within the C6 glioma cell line are contained within the region - 396 to - 299 , relative to the translational start site .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta 1 - AR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "luciferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "beta 1 - AR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not well known that giant cell arteritis can cause fatal complications due to rupture of aortic aneurysms or cerebral and myocardial infarctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temporal recruitment of the mSin3A - histone deacetylase corepressor complex to the ETS domain transcription factor Elk - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mSin3A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "histone deacetylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "ETS domain transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 115]}, {"entity": "Elk - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By screening a human testis cDNA library with a probe containing the mouse PEA3 ETS domain , we isolated a 2 . 2 kb clone containing a 510 AA open reading frame .", "entity": [{"entity": "mouse PEA3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "ETS", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also affected by the HAP2 / 3 / 4 transcription factor complex and by SNF1 and SSN6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAP2 / 3 / 4 transcription factor complex", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 68]}, {"entity": "SNF1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "SSN6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene is predicted to encode an 880 - amino - acid protein which contains two C2H2 zinc fingers , a nuclear localization sequence and two transcriptional activation domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that H - 2RIIBP ( i ) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors and ( ii ) may regulate not only MHC class I genes but also genes containing the ERE and related sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "H - 2RIIBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "nuclear hormone receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 104]}, {"entity": "MHC class I genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [138, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relaxant effect of prostaglandin E1 ( PGE1 ) and papaverine ( PAP ) were measured in strips of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle taken from a healthy control group of men ( A ; n = 5 ) , from arteriogenically impotent men ( B ; n = 6 ) and from additionally diabetic impotent men ( C ; n = 5 ) with venous leakage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity of central dopamine receptors was assessed with the growth hormone response to apomorphine application .", "entity": [{"entity": "central dopamine receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "growth hormone", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathogenesis of fever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The occurrence of the different types of TCRB rearrangement patterns has implications for PCR - based clonality assessment and for PCR - based detection of minimal residual disease via TCRB gene analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCRB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "TCRB gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [185, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many other contractile protein gene families , genes encoding cardiac isoforms are expressed early in skeletal muscle development and are later repressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NH2 - terminal fragments were tested for susceptibility to modification with Nalpha - ( 3 - maleimidylpropionyl ) biocytin , which attaches a biotin group to cysteine sulfhydryls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directional growth of a smectic - A - smectic - B interface lying along a forbidden orientation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We performed nasal mupirocin treatment on 10 infants who were MRSA - positive either in the nose or the pharynx and evaluated the effect of mupirocin on the eradication of MRSA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TOM1 encodes a member of the hect - domain - containing E3 ubiquitin - protein ligase family that is required for growth at elevated temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "TOM1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hect", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "E3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin - protein ligase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified preparations of all four AGT mutants showed an approximately similar degree ( 74 - 120 - fold ) of reduction in the rate of reaction with O6 - benzylguanine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that m2 receptors couple to both G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in vivo and that this interaction is integral to both positive and negative regulatory pathways leading to activation of PLC and desensitization of receptor signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "m2 receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "G alpha i2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "G alpha i3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "PLC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first clinical case report of NIHF due to fetal Kasabach - Merritt syndrome that was prenatally diagnosed by sonography , computerized tomography , and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cholesterol 7alpha - hydroxylase gene ( CYP7A ) is transcriptionally regulated by a number of factors , including hormones , bile acids , and diurnal rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol 7alpha - hydroxylase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 41]}, {"entity": "CYP7A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Restriction mapping showed that the two recombinant plasmids shared an EcoRI fragment of 8 . 9 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "EcoRI fragment", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two mutants , mapping at the HindIII site ( between the consensus sequences ) of the pSC101 tetA promoter , were studied : MA2 corresponds to a 4 bp deletion between positions - 12 and - 15 ; B30 bears a 44 bp insertion C ( TA ) 21 G at the HindIII site .", "entity": [{"entity": "HindIII site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "pSC101 tetA promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "HindIII site", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [241, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meq / c - Jun heterodimers bind to an AP1 - like sequence in the meq promoter region with an affinity much greater than that of Meq / Meq or c - Jun / c - Jun homodimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meq", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "AP1 - like sequence", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "meq promoter region", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "Meq", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "Meq", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "c - Jun", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [151, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infra - red spectroscopy of tissues in the 700 - 400 cm - 1 region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no detectable phenotypes are associated with a disruption allele of ABP1 , mutations that create a requirement for this protein have now been isolated in the previously identified gene SAC6 and in two new genes , SLA1 and SLA2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "gene SAC6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 198]}, {"entity": "SLA1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [222, 226]}, {"entity": "SLA2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [231, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of bioreactive and immunoreactive gastrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The claustrocortical connection was investigated in 13 cats with selective injections of 30 % HRP in the three subdivisions of the auditory cortex . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report a case of a painful wrist related to a \" Manieux muscle \" of the dorsal aspect of the hand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant reduction in total cellular p27 protein levels and a moderate reduction in p27 mRNA are observed , but no changes in Cdk regulatory kinases and phosphatases occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "p27 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "p27 mRNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "Cdk", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result , together with the fact that unrearranged V kappa genes are transcriptionally silent , suggests that structural features of both the V kappa and C kappa loci contribute to the overall transcriptional efficiency of a rearranged V kappa - C kappa gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "unrearranged V kappa genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "V kappa", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "C kappa loci", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 170]}, {"entity": "rearranged V kappa - C kappa gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [229, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Level II mosaicism occurred in 0 . 9 per cent of CVS mesenchyme and 1 . 5 per cent of amniotic fluid cultures and in general was not perceived to be of sufficient concern to warrant cytogenetic follow - up studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measures of sedation , BIS , deltaBIS ( absolute change of BIS after a painful stimulus ) , memory , and drug concentration were obtained at each target drug concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are three types of problems : problems arising before the drug enters the body ( solubilization , stabilization and improved acceptability ) ; problems associated with the penetration and fate of the drug in the body ( absorption , barrier crossing , duration of action ) ; problems relating to the therapeutic target ( selective local delivery ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure elucidation of the iridoid compounds 2 and 3 are discussed in detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of trinucleotide - and tandem repeat - containing transcripts obtained from human spinal cord cDNA library by high - density filter hybridization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Urbanisation is associated with an increase in the prevalence rates of some risk behaviours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors emphasize absence of specific signs of vagal involvement , importance for diagnosis of surgical extirpation , and mildness of post operative course .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth factors promote cell survival through phosphorylation of Bad , resulting in its dissociation from Bcl - 2 and Bcl - x ( L ) and its association with 14 - 3 - 3tau .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bad", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Bcl - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "Bcl - x ( L )", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "14 - 3 - 3tau", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both in the Federal Republic of Germany and in some neighbouring countries the epizootic situation of Aujeszky ' s disease has been unsatisfactory for a long time , especially in areas with a high pig density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity of 99mTc - IgG scintigraphy ranged between 71 % and 100 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggravation of peripheral - blood cytopenia during the first weeks and hypocellularity of bone - marrow aspirates at the end of therapy suggest that low - dose Ara C exerts its main activity by suppression of leukaemic growth , rather than by induction of differentiation in malignant cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those participating in this investigation ( 65 centers = 79 % ) received a series of computer disks containing 50 99mTc - DMSA studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Probiotics , prebiotics , vaccination , and acidification of drinking water were assessed as means of reducing Salmonella .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of this threonine to isoleucine had no observable effect on either nuclear localization of E1 or DNA replication of the intact viral genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "E1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) by tranylcypromine was studied in 6 healthy volunteers given increasing doses of 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 mg / day over a 4 - week period .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine oxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "MAO", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial technetium - 99m - teboroxime uptake during adenosine - induced hyperemia in dogs with either a critical or mild coronary stenosis : comparison to thallium - 201 and regional blood flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both atracurium 1 - 100 mumol litre - 1 and laudanosine 1 - 50 mumol litre - 1 enhanced the release of 3H - NA evoked by field stimulation ( 2 Hz , 24 stimuli ) , but did not affect resting release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recovery of xanthomegnin added to corn samples at levels of 0 . 75 - - 9 . 6 mg / kg averaged 41 % with a coefficient of variation of 25 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the data , we suggest that LAC9 contacts positions 6 , 7 , and 8 , both plus and minus , of the UAS , which are separated by more than one turn of the DNA helix , and twists part way around the DNA , thus protecting the broad region of the minor groove between the major - groove contacts .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAC9", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Istanbul , Turkey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After Northern blot hybridization , two Cx31 transcripts of 2 . 2 and 1 . 8 kb were detected in total RNA of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and two transcripts of 2 . 2 and 1 . 9 kb in total RNA of E6 / E7 transfected human keratinocytes ( HEK cells ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cx31 transcripts of 2 . 2 and 1 . 8 kb", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 78]}, {"entity": "E6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [206, 208]}, {"entity": "E7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [211, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While differential expression of the two transcripts was not found , the promoter controlling LT1 / LT2 transcription is regulated in a cell cycle - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "LT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "LT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SYC1 ( suppressor of yeast cbf5 - 1 ) was identified as a multicopy suppressor of cbf5 - 1 and subsequently was found to be identical to RRN3 , an RNA polymerase I transcription factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "SYC1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "suppressor of yeast cbf5 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [7, 35]}, {"entity": "cbf5 - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "RRN3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase I transcription factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [147, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental regulation of expression of the malate synthase gene in transgenic plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "malate synthase gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three SSV - transformed cells secreted v - sis gene product ( p44 ) . p44 was secreted but remained tightly associated with the cell surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - sis gene product", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "p44", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "p44", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also identified a DNA fragment , 10 . 7 kbp upstream from the first coding exon of human aFGF , whose sequence is conserved in both the primate and rodent genomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "human aFGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this respect , the promoter structure of COX genes resemble those of many house - keeping genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "COX genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted amino acid sequence of the FlaB2 polypeptide was 92 % identical to that of T . pallidum FlaB2 , with a 76 % identity at the nucleotide level .", "entity": [{"entity": "FlaB2 polypeptide", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 58]}, {"entity": "T . pallidum FlaB2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that CCTalpha can be regulated by lipids by two independent domains : ( i ) the three amphipathic alpha - helical repeats that interact with both neutral and anionic lipid mixtures and ( ii ) the last 57 residues that interact with anionic lipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCTalpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion - Bernstein - wave heating and improved confinement in the Alcator C tokamak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 3841 serum samples from sows received from the Tennessee State Diagnostic Laboratory in 1991 - 1992 , 1130 were positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toxoplasma gondii antibody", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphometry of the intestine of the pig .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subjects were started on indomethacin 25 mg thrice daily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human parvovirus B19 gene expression from the viral p6 promoter ( B19p6 ) is restricted to primary human hematopoietic cells undergoing erythroid differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human parvovirus B19 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "viral p6 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "B19p6", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further study the role of tTG in liver disease , we initiated investigations into the effect of a proinflammatory mediator , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha , on tTG activity in cultured liver cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tTG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [128, 165]}, {"entity": "tTG", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atopic disposition , indicated by positive skin reactions and IgE antibody titers etc . , and the bronchial reactivity to inhaled acetylcholine were examined on the following three groups : ( 1 ) 20 young adults with a history of childhood asthma who have been symptom - free for more than 4 yr ; ( 2 ) 20 current asthmatics , and ( 3 ) 20 healthy young adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "IgE", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous arterial blood sampling method based on the microsphere model was used as a quantitative rCBF measurement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the steroid / hormone nuclear receptor superfamily regulate target gene transcription via recognition and association with specific cis - acting sequences of DNA , called hormone response elements ( HREs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid / hormone nuclear receptor superfamily", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thomas , S . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to these cases , patients w with high Loa microfilaremia also developed milder neurologic manifestations causing functional impairment lasting for at least one week after treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient demographics ( means + / - standard deviations ) were as follows : age , 57 + / - 12 years ; sex , nine males and three females ; APACHE II score , 15 + / - 3 ; diagnosis , 9 of 12 patients with pneumonia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with binocular pregeniculate visual loss , patients with balanced binocular pregeniculate loss without RAPD , and patients with monocular pregeniculate visual loss had significantly larger pupils than age - matched controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF ) , injected centrally produces a suppression of punished and non - punished responding in the conflict test consistent with its hypothesized role in mediating behavioral responses to stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticotropin releasing factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of replicative intermediates shows that plasmid YRp7 , which contains the chromosomal replicator ARS1 , initiates bidirectional replication in a 100 bp region within the sequence required for autonomous replication in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tag expression induced apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells during late pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tag", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of Co , Cu , Fe , Hg , Mn , Sb , Se and Zn in IAEA milk ( dry ) standard A - 11 were re - evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis ( NAA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that these sequences are essential for processing of U18 and snR38 snoRNAs and that they compensate for the lack of a canonical terminal stem .", "entity": [{"entity": "U18", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "snR38 snoRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In serum - starved NIH 3T3 cells , v - raf increased mdr1 promoter activity approximately 10 - fold compared to a v - raf frame - shift control .", "entity": [{"entity": "v - raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "mdr1 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "v - raf", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An insertion sequence element ( IS1170 ) was identified upstream of the nimC gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "nimC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two genes ( ptsI and ptsA ) that encode homologues of the energy coupling Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate - dependent sugar - transporting phosphotransferase system ( PTS ) have previously been identified on the Escherichia coli chromosome .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptsI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "ptsA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "Enzyme I", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "phosphoenolpyruvate - dependent sugar - transporting phosphotransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the upstream region of the beta - MyHC gene ( - 5518 to - 2490 relative to the transcriptional start site ) directed high levels of transcriptional activity only when stably integrated , but not when expressed extrachromosomally in transient assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - MyHC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the cDNAs of HMG - 14 and HMG - 17 do not cross - hybridize , they have several similar structural features : the open reading frame comprises only 23 % of the transcripts , the 5 ' - untranslated region is extremely GC rich whereas the 3 ' - untranslated region is unusually long and AT rich .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - 14", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "HMG - 17", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minimal pheromone induction domain , delineated as residues 301 to 335 of Ste12p , is dependent on the pheromone mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinase pathway for induction activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ste12p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IFNAR chain interacts with both IFN - alpha 2 and IFN - beta , as demonstrated by cross - linking .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFNAR chain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "IFN - alpha 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "IFN - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the effect on thrombus growth , we determined the accretion of 125I - labeled fibrinogen onto autologous non - radioactive thrombi preformed in the jugular veins of rabbits .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrinogen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the other two cases , fluoxetine adjunct produced benefits with no additional side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This radiolabeled , 900 - bp amplicon was used as a hybridization probe to screen a cDNA library constructed from poly ( A ) ( + ) RNA isolated from induced Taxus cells , from which a full - length transacetylase sequence was obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , TAM - 67 reverted the morphology of the AdoMetDC - antisense expressors .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAM - 67", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "AdoMetDC - antisense expressors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [52, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the second phase , it was 12 . 5 wk for RIR and 10 for WL males , whereas it was 5 wk for RIR and 6 for WL females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TFEC RNA is found in many tissues of adult rats , but the relative concentrations of TFEC and TFE3 RNAs vary considerably in these different tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "TFEC RNA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "TFEC", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "TFE3 RNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Three patients did not tolerate PPI medication and were managed by treatment with type 2 histamine ( H2 ) blockers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VLA - 4 integrin cross - linking on human monocytic THP - 1 cells induces tissue factor expression by a mechanism involving mitogen - activated protein kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "VLA - 4 integrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [124, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diethyldithiocarbamate and amphetamine stereotype behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oct - 1 is a ubiquitously expressed regulatory gene of the POU domain family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oct - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "POU domain family", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both RNA14 and RNA15 wild - type genes , when cloned on a multicopy plasmid , are able to suppress the temperature - sensitive phenotype of strains bearing either the rna14 or the rna15 mutation , suggesting that the encoded proteins could interact with each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA14", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "RNA15 wild - type genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "rna14", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "rna15 mutation", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [180, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have concentrated on the methods of preparation of coffee , which vary from country to country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , while GCN1 is required in vivo for phosphorylation of eIF - 2 alpha by GCN2 , cell extracts from gcn1 delta strains contained wild - type levels of GCN2 eIF - 2 alpha - kinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCN1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "GCN2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "gcn1 delta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "GCN2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "eIF - 2 alpha", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [167, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven patients were without a syndromic diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental production of a syndrome analogous to hydramnios in the rat fetus", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phP1 mutation was induced by insertion of a 1 . 2 - kb P element into the 5 ' transcribed nontranslated region of the proximal polyhomeotic gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "phP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "P element", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "polyhomeotic gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , clonidine ( 1 micrograms / kg ) elicited an immediate and prolonged fall in blood pressure and heart rate when given into the vertebral artery , but not intravenously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - eight pregnant adult and 122 fetal guinea pigs were sacrificed at intervals throughout gestation and the carcasses analyzed for a variety of growth parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the in vivo role of this chimeric bZIP protein in oncogenic transformation , its expression was directed to the lymphoid compartments of transgenic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "chimeric bZIP protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MALDI - TOF experiment , however , proved to be superior to the GC experiment , particularly with regard to baseline resolution of unsaturated acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean serum CDT increased from 8 . 5 ( SD 2 . 2 ) U / l to 16 . 6 ( SD 7 . 2 ) U / l ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In female toads , Bufo bufo , feeding at different rates , the uncorrected value of n was 0 . 44 , when metabolism and growth were expressed as kJ kJ - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , vRel lacks a strong C - terminal gene activation function , since a LexA fusion protein containing C - terminal vRel sequences alone only weakly activated transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "vRel", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "LexA fusion protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "C - terminal vRel sequences", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study reveals a consequence of adhesion receptor - mediated signaling in T cells , which is potentially important in the regulation of T cell activation , including production of cytokines and expression of proto - oncogenes , many of which are controlled through 3 ' AU - rich elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of ammonia and urea blood content in metabolic acid - base disorders in white rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - 5 - fold increases in EGF receptor but not p185 ( neu ) tyrosine phosphorylation occur following Gi - coupled receptor stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGF receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "p185", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "neu", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Gi - coupled receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [101, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it is sometimes more convenient to use the back Radon transform R - 1 and then to correct the result , taking into account attenuation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune and clinical impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that ( 1 ) RXR - TR heterodimers play a role in basal transactivation and T3 suppression of negatively regulated genes , and ( 2 ) RXRs increase the dominant negative effect of some mutant TRs on specific negative TREs .", "entity": [{"entity": "RXR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "TR", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "RXRs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "TRs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [212, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injections of PD solutions with 13 . 6 , 22 . 7 , and 38 . 6 g / liter of glucose reduced the ingestion of sucrose by 12 . 4 % , 23 . 6 % and 36 . 1 % , respectively , but did not affect the ingestion of protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the functional relationship between distinct cis - active elements within the distal enhancer region of the rat PRL gene , we have used deletional and mutational analysis of that region in transient transfection studies in GH3 pituitary tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rat PRL gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there is growing evidence that perception and imagery share common neural substrates , the fact that D . F . shows intact visual imagery in the face of a massive perceptual deficit in form vision challenges recent suggestions that these two psychological processes share common input pathways in early vision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis of the conserved cysteine residue ( tom1C3235A ) in the hect - domain , supposed to be necessary for thioester - bond formation with ubiquitin , abolished the gene function .", "entity": [{"entity": "tom1C3235A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "hect - domain", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Seldinger technique for difficult transurethral catheterization : a gentle alternative to suprapubic puncture ( Br J Surg 2000 ; 87 : 1729 - 30 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gingival retraction for class V restorations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by MSK1 is homologous to yeast cytoplasmic lysyl - tRNA synthetase and to the product of the herC gene , which has recently been suggested to code for the Escherichia coli enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "yeast cytoplasmic lysyl - tRNA synthetase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 113]}, {"entity": "herC gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to p62 ( dok ) , DOKL lacks YxxP motifs in the C terminus and does not bind to Ras GTPase - activating protein ( RasGAP ) upon phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "p62", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "dok", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "DOKL", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "Ras GTPase - activating protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 122]}, {"entity": "RasGAP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of chloroquine in saliva from seven healthy volunteers for 21 days after a single 600 mg oral dose of the drug was established by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro binding studies previously showed that NF - kappa B p50 homodimer binds the switch nuclear B - site protein ( SNIP ) of the S gamma 3 tandem repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappa B", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "p50", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "switch nuclear B - site protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 116]}, {"entity": "SNIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "S gamma 3 tandem repeat", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If , however , myocardial stunning is severe , and it involves large parts of the LV and thus impairs global LV function , it can be reversed with inotropic agents and procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , interfering with MEKK , which lies upstream of JNK1 , using a dominant negative expression vector reduced MMP - 9 promoter activity over the same concentration range which repressed the AP - 1 - thymidine kinase CAT reporter construct .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEKK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "JNK1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "MMP - 9 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [118, 134]}, {"entity": "AP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [198, 204]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [207, 223]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [224, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 7 . 2 kb EcoRI fragment of AfMNPV was cloned and the nucleotide sequences of the polyhedrin coding region and its flanking regions were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 . 2 kb EcoRI fragment of AfMNPV", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 37]}, {"entity": "polyhedrin", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joint ultrasonography demonstrating thickening of synoviae and tendons has become a useful non - invasive diagnostic tool , although it is not specific for beta 2 - M amyloidosis , and results depend on observer experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta 2 - M", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analyses revealed a partial 941 bp cDNA that encoded a 313 - amino - acid polypeptide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimating the health care costs of smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although paclitaxel alone failed to induce p38 MAPK activation , subsequent ( but not prior ) exposure to PD98059 induced a dramatic increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "p38", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclin - dependent kinase Cdk2 associates with cyclins A , D , and E and has been implicated in the control of the G1 to S phase transition in mammals .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclin - dependent kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "Cdk2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "cyclins A , D , and E", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [51, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequences within the UAS2 element of the ENO2 gene bound a second protein which corresponded to the ABFI ( autonomously replicating sequence - binding factor ) protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "ENO2 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "ABFI", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "autonomously replicating sequence - binding factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [107, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Videoanalysis confirms the ballistic character of the initial phase of the reaching movement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toward this end , we used two cultured colon cancer cell lines ; one ( RKO ) has a transcriptionally activated u - PAR gene , and the other ( GEO ) overexpresses the receptor only after phorbol ester treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "u - PAR gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early detection and signs of hepatoangiosarcoma among vinyl chloride workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many retroviruses , including the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses , contain a leucine zipper - like repeat in a highly conserved region of the external domain of the transmembrane ( TM ) glycoprotein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion of an NF - kappaB into a GABP binding site is likely to have occurred also during the worldwide spread of HIV - 1 , as we noticed the same LTR modification in subtype E isolates from Thailand .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF - kappaB", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "GABP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bedbug ( Cimex lectularius ) samples adult and nymphs either engorged or starved from Central Security Forces sleeping wards , laboratory animal house and control samples from laboratory reared colonies were ground and subjected to ELISA test of hepatitis B surface antigen together with 276 serum samples from the recruits slept in those wards .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B surface antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [246, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ciprofloxacin attained a peak serum concentration of 1 . 2 mg / l and a serum half - life of 34 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As usual tests , such as \" time \" of cephalin are slightly sensible to LMW - Hep , only anti - Xa activity can be used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although they are similar to the IL9R gene ( approximately 90 % identity ) , none of these copies encodes a functional receptor : none of them contains sequences homologous to the 5 ' flanking region or exon 1 of the IL9R gene , and the remaining ORFs have been inactivated by various point mutations and deletions .", "entity": [{"entity": "IL9R gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "IL9R gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [217, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two patients , a male homosexual and an hemophiliac , thrombocytopenia was associated with AIDS - related complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry combined with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase showed that the reticular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei of the cat receive an important input from cholinergic and non - cholinergic neurons of substantia innominata and adjacent structures in the basal forebrain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Choline acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "horseradish peroxidase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality among patients with CAVB is still high and has not declined within the last decade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that in the presence of fatty acids in the medium transcription of SPS19 is directly regulated by both Pip2p - Oaf1p and Adr1p .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPS19", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Pip2p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Oaf1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "Adr1p", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [133, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified RAG1 protein overexpressed in E . coli exhibited the expected cleavage activity when combined with RAG2 purified from transfected 293T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAG1 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "RAG2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum triglycerides also showed an increase from birth to 6 months of age , but a decrease from 6 months to 1 years of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutant rps7 leaders were ligated into an aadA expression cassette and transformed into the chloroplast of C . reinhardtii and into E . coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "mutant rps7", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of medication is of minor importance in the treatment of flight phobia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously described the upregulation of the MT2 antigen during urodele limb regeneration and characterized the MT2 antigen as a 310 - to 325 - kDa chondroitin - sulfated glycoprotein with a core protein of 285 - 300 kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "MT2 antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "MT2 antigen", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot analysis following reverse transcription and PCR showed that B2R is expressed in most mouse tissues , except the liver and spleen , which is consistent with the wide distribution of B2R activity as deduced from pharmacological studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "B2R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "B2R", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of N - interaction and N - retention during 3 hr CPB was quantified with autologous In - 111 labeled neutrophils ( INN ) in 4 groups of 20 Yorkshire pigs ( 28 - 35 kg , 5 sham ; 5 CPB , 1 hr ; 5 CPB , 3 hr and 5 CPB with heparinized circuit , 3 hr ) ; anesthetized pigs were injected with INN ( 500 - 650 microCi ) , 30 min before CPB and heparinized , and underwent CPB with a roller pump , a hollow fiber OX ( Bentley CM 50 , 5 . 0 m2 ) and AF ( Bentley AF 025 , 0 . 25 m2 ) at 2 . 5 - 3 . 6 l / min for 3 hr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the negative regulatory element is negated by the viral IE2 protein ( L .", "entity": [{"entity": "viral IE2 protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [64, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning of the GATA - binding protein that regulates endothelin - 1 gene expression in endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "GATA - binding protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "endothelin - 1 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John ' s wort", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast SF , but not GM - CSF or IL - 3 , induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C - gamma ( PLC - gamma ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "GM - CSF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "IL - 3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "phospholipase C - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [82, 105]}, {"entity": "PLC - gamma", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the interaction - trap assay to identify candidate proteins that bind the cytoplasmic region of the LAR transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase ( PT - Pase ) , we isolated a cDNA encoding a 2861 - amino acid protein termed Trio that contains three enzyme domains : two functional GEF domains and a protein serine / threonine kinase ( PSK ) domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAR transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [106, 152]}, {"entity": "PT - Pase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "Trio", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [232, 236]}, {"entity": "GEF domains", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [289, 300]}, {"entity": "protein serine / threonine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [307, 340]}, {"entity": "PSK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [343, 346]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of the putative C2 domain of Nedd4 has not been elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "Nedd4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect on FIV LTR promoter activity of progressively deleting these nuclear factor binding sites was examined by linking LTR deletion mutants to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( CAT ) gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "FIV LTR promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [153, 186]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [189, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , these findings have important implications for the understanding of the mechanisms of HIV - 1 latency and reactivation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show that Nck - 2 is capable of recognizing several key components of growth factor receptor kinase - signaling pathways including EGF receptors , PDGF receptor - beta , and IRS - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nck - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "growth factor receptor kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [87, 116]}, {"entity": "EGF receptors", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "PDGF receptor - beta", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [164, 184]}, {"entity": "IRS - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average mean difference compared with the low and the intermediate calcium group was 11 % for the femoral neck , 8 - 11 % for the lumbar spine and 5 - 6 % for total body BMDs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the number of kits has increased , the precision has improved , showing that more robust methods are now employed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted amino acid sequence contained all consensus regions for S - adenosyl methionine methyltransferases and presented 26 % identity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae DHHB - methyltransferase and 38 % identity with the rat protein , as well as with a bacterial ( Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium ) methyltransferase encoded by the UBIG gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - adenosyl methionine methyltransferases", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [70, 112]}, {"entity": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae DHHB - methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [146, 195]}, {"entity": "methyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [313, 330]}, {"entity": "UBIG gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [346, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate its transcription , 1 . 1 kilobases of the 5 ' - flanking sequence were fused to a luciferase reporter gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "luciferase reporter gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A selective transcriptional induction system for mammalian cells based on Gal4 - estrogen receptor fusion proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gal4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENT ( S ) : Two hundred thirty - eight patients with RPLs , 48 patients with recurrent IVF - ET failure and 179 nonpregnant and 120 pregnant control group women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of oxalate - containing products on the exposed dentine surface : an SEM investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyanobacterial phycobilisome is a large protein complex located on the photosynthetic membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyanobacterial phycobilisome", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to 1988 , 145 cases had been reported in literature and 32 cases in our country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lamivudine therapy for acute hepatitis B infection following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disorganization scores of the hypertrophy zone and trabecular bone were low , approaching normal ( P < 0 . 05 ) , for turkey poults fed on diets with phytase supplementation , and tibial abnormality scores were linearly decreased ( P < 0 . 001 ) as nP levels increased ( zero score is considered normal ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The collicular labels found after injections within the MST area exhibited their distribution over the deep SC subdivision , whereas they spared all the superficial layers but the deep part of the SO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern aspects of shock - treatment in extensive burns ( author ' s transl )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UVB - induced association of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) receptor 1 / TNF receptor - associated factor - 2 mediates activation of Rel proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) receptor 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [29, 69]}, {"entity": "TNF receptor - associated factor - 2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [72, 108]}, {"entity": "Rel proteins", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping of the region in KAP - 1 required for HP1 interaction showed that amino acid substitutions which abolish HP1 binding in vitro reduce KAP - 1 mediated repression in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "KAP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "HP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "HP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "KAP - 1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether this was associated with spleen removal after adjustment for risk factors was not determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data suggest that the Smad3 / Smad4 complex has at least two separable nuclear functions : it forms a rapid , yet transient sequence - specific DNA binding complex , and it potentiates AP1 - dependent transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smad3", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Smad4", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "AP1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one activity binds preferentially to G + C - rich promoters , and another activity appears to bind preferentially to only two of the promoters tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The donors of 10 patients were ABO - incompatible , and for five pairs the ABO incompatibility was major .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In treatments R1 and R2 , feed quality was restricted by withholding concentrates for 3 and 4 . 5 mo , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major promoter element of the Xenopus laevis 5S RNA gene is located within the transcribed region of the gene and forms the binding site for the transcription initiation factor TFIIIA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xenopus laevis 5S RNA gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "TFIIIA", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [181, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in transient transfection assays , a truncation of as little as 15 Nurr1 COOH - terminal amino acids diminished transcriptional activation of B1A - thymidine kinase - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nurr1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "B1A", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "thymidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [158, 174]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [177, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small cell tumors in children : contribution to the solution of the problem of differential diagnosis with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four experiments examined the role of the cholinergic projections from the septum and vertical limb nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca ( VDB ) in acquisition and performance of a conditional visual discrimination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of this consensus element from the spo6 promoter abolished the transcription of spo6 + and resulted in a sporulation deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "spo6 promoter", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "spo6 +", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This region does not contain a consensus estrogen response element , and ER binding to this DNA sequence was not observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ER", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that analgesic doses of morphine accelerate mortality of rats exposed to hemorrhage ( Feuerstein and Siren : Circ Shock 19 : 293 - 300 , 1986 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microsporum persicolor , an easily misinterpreted dermatophyt", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When they were exposed to intermittent schedules of punishment ( fixed - interval [ FI ] 120 s or FI 300 s ) , SIB for all but 1 of the participants increased to levels similar to those observed during baseline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that 1a , which also interacts independently with the ER and viral RNA , is a key organizer of RNA replication complex assembly .", "entity": [{"entity": "1a", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we examine the population of gammaS transcripts in adult human lens and the structure of the human CRYGS genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "gammaS transcripts", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "human CRYGS genes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [98, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKK exists in three discernible forms at steady state : an underphosphorylated form of 100 kDa ; a soluble , cytosolic , phosphorylated form of 110 kDa ; and a phosphorylated , detergent - insoluble form of 112 kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lamina densa was always interrupted by numerous small gaps and in some areas the basement membrane could not be identified over a long distance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human CA11 gene appears to be located between the secretor type alpha ( 1 , 2 ) - fucosyltransferase gene cluster ( FUT1 - FUT2 - FUT2P ) and the D - site binding protein gene ( DBP ) on chromosome 19q13 . 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "human CA11 gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "secretor type alpha ( 1 , 2 ) - fucosyltransferase gene cluster", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [54, 117]}, {"entity": "FUT1", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "FUT2", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "FUT2P", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "D - site binding protein gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 179]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A score ( APACHE II ) was calculated to assess the severity of disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the role of elevated FAK expression in facilitating epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) - stimulated human adenocarcinoma ( A549 ) cell motility , antisense oligonucleotides were used to reduce FAK protein expression > 75 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAK", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [65, 88]}, {"entity": "EGF", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "FAK protein", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [203, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of materials and technics in vascular surgery using 111 - Indium", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional importance of a properly folded surface loop covering the catalytic center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia decreased the rate of spontaneous impulse initiation in SA nodal fibers by decreasing the slope of diastolic depolarization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiative corrections to pi l2 decays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The availability of a commercial program ( PCNONLIN ) is needed to carry out matrix handling calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of TPAR1 mRNAs were dramatically down - regulated in regenerating rat liver when compared to normal adult liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "TPAR1 mRNAs", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the postoperative patient with tetralogy of Fallot with symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias , it is concluded that electrophysiologic study is useful in reproducing clinical episodes of VT and in selecting effective antiarrhythmic medication ; a small number of patients with ventricular premature complexes alone will have inducible sustained VT during electrophysiologic study ; prognosis of these patients may be improved by treatment that results in prevention of VT induction ; and in patients with right ventricular hypertension , VT is likely to be refractory to drug treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hip fracture mortality and prospective payment system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary care programs for the indigent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In human myxoid liposarcoma , a chromosomal rearrangement leads to fusion of the growth - arresting and DNA - damage - inducible transcription factor CHOP ( GADD153 ) to a peptide fragment encoded by the TLS gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHOP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "GADD153", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "TLS gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [204, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Categorisation of the different substructures within the sections allows them to be analysed and displayed separately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authors present the anatomical variations of the course of the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches in 62 human fetus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mechanism seems to be involved in VIP - induced PRL gene regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "VIP", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "PRL gene", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only quantities which were significantly different between appendicitis and a normal appendix were sex , duration of symptoms , anorexia and vomiting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signaling through mitogen - activated protein kinase and Rac / Rho does not duplicate the effects of activated Ras on skeletal myogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitogen - activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [18, 52]}, {"entity": "Rac", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Rho", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The survival of patients with a short bowel , even if they need long - term parenteral nutrition , is good .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike these contaminant - responsive T cells , those that are truly specific for natural AChR epitopes appear less heterogeneous and therefore more suitable targets for selective immunotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "AChR epitopes", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This initial experience indicates that there is short - to middle - term efficiency and safety when using GKS to treat MTLE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Brassica cDNA clone encoding a bifunctional hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase / thiamin - phosphate pyrophosphorylase involved in thiamin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [46, 76]}, {"entity": "thiamin - phosphate pyrophosphorylase", "entity_type": "GENE", "pos": [79, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aims of this study were to examine whether the EORTC ( European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer ) QLQ - C30 core questionnaire alone could distinguish between two clinically different groups of patients and to design a module , which included relevant patient - defined gastric cancer - specific variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of our work was to determine hearing thresholds in patients with hearing impairment due to hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ( HMSN I ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Causal modeling combines theory and research , and because the interpretation of data is possible only within the context of the proposed theory , it offers an important method for advancing the science while maintaining the specificity of the practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+{}
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+{"text": "Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and methylmercury on child ' s brain development due to consumption of fish by Finnish mother during pregnancy : a probabilistic modeling approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 31]}, {"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish contains both beneficial substances e . g . docosahexaenoic acids but also harmful compounds e . g . methylmercury .", "entity": [{"entity": "docosahexaenoic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the health effects caused by these two substances can be evaluated in one common end point , intelligence quotient ( IQ ) , providing a more transparent analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We estimated health effects of maternal fish consumption on child ' s central nervous system by creating a model with three alternative maternal fish consumption scenarios ( lean fish , fatty fish , and current fish consumption ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we analyzed impacts of both regular fish consumption and extreme fish consumption habits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the individual level , the simulated net effects were small , encompassing a range of one IQ point in all scenarios .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty fish consumption , however , clearly generated a beneficial net IQ effect , and lean fish consumption evoked an adverse net IQ effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of the current fish consumption pattern of Finnish mothers the benefits and risks seem to more or less compensate each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study clearly shows the significance of which fish species are consumed during pregnancy and lactation , and the results can be generalized to apply to typical western population fish consumption habits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms responsible for garlic - drug interactions and their in vivo relevance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Garlic phytochemicals and garlic supplements influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of concomitantly ingested drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we have summarized the mechanisms responsible for first - pass intestinal pharmacokinetic interactions by investigating the intestinal permeability of some cardiovascular , antiviral drugs , their transport with hepatic transporters and CYP3A4 metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transporter - enzyme interplay was studied with several in vitro models of varying complexity : rat small intestine and Caco - 2 cell monolayers were used in studies of intestinal processes , and hepatic pharmacokinetics was monitored in HepG2 cells , isolated rat hepatocytes and rat liver slices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Garlic phytochemicals from aged garlic extract modified the activities of secretory and absorptive transporters in both intestine and liver and competitively inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased activities of the most important intestinal efflux ( P - glycoprotein - Pgp , Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein 2 - MRP - 2 , Breast Cancer Resistance Protein - BCRP ) and uptake ( MonoCarboxylate Transporter 1 - MCT1 , Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide - OATP , Peptide transporter 1 - PepT1 ) transporters were caused by changes in electrophysiological membrane properties and by allosteric modifications .", "entity": [{"entity": "MonoCarboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because clinical studies investigating interactions between garlic and human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors saquinavir and ritonavir have already been performed , we used these in vivo data to evaluate the in vitro results and the reliability of the models employed as screening tools for forecasting the potential of first - pass intestinal metabolism changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "saquinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "ritonavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also assessed the probability of pharmacokinetic interactions with garlic of the novel drug darunavir and other cardiovascular drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "darunavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , selected garlic phytochemicals were tested for their ability to influence P - glycoprotein and CYP3A4 activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes and haplotypes modify the responses to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "sildenafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erectile dysfunction ( ED ) is usually treated with sildenafil .", "entity": [{"entity": "sildenafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although genetic polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) gene may impair endogenous NO formation , there is little information about how eNOS polymorphisms and haplotypes affect the responses to sildenafil .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "sildenafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied 118 patients ; 63 patients had ED secondary to radical prostatectomy ( PED ) and 55 had organic , clinical ED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eNOS genotypes for three eNOS polymorphisms ( T ( - 786 ) C , rs2070744 ; a variable number of tandem repeats ( VNTR ) in intron 4 ; and Glu298Asp , rs1799983 ) were determined , and eNOS haplotypes were estimated using PHASE 2 . 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical responses to sildenafil were evaluated and the patients were classified as good responders ( GR ) or poor responders ( PR ) when their changes in five - item version of International Index for Erectile Function questionnaire were above or below the median value .", "entity": [{"entity": "sildenafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TC / CC genotypes and the C allele for the T ( - 786 ) C polymorphism were more common in GR , compared with PR patients with PED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the 4b4a / 4a4a genotypes and the 4a allele for the VNTR polymorphism in intron 4 were more common in GR , compared with PR patients with clinical ED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - 4a - Glu haplotype was more common in GR than in PR patients with PED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , the T - 4b - Asp haplotype was less common in GR than in PR patients with PED .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other significant differences were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings show evidence that eNOS polymorphisms affect the responses of PED and clinical ED patients to sildenafil .", "entity": [{"entity": "sildenafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the benefit of magnetic magnesium nanocarrier in cardiovascular toxicity of aluminum phosphide .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "aluminum phosphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to determine the effect of a new ( 25 ) Mg ( 2 + ) - carrying nanoparticle ( ( 25 ) MgPMC16 ) on energy depletion , oxidative stress , and electrocardiographic ( ECG ) parameters on heart tissue of the rats poisoned by aluminum phosphide ( AlP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 25 ) Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 81]}, {"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 122]}, {"entity": "aluminum phosphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 268]}, {"entity": "AlP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 25 ) MgPMC16 at doses of 0 . 025 , 0 . 05 , and 0 . 1 median lethal dose ( LD50 = 896 mg / kg ) was administered intravenously ( iv ) 30 min after a single intragastric administration of AlP ( 0 . 25 LD50 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "AlP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium bicarbonate ( Bicarb ; 2 mEq / kg , iv ) was used as the standard therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Bicarb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After anesthesia , the animals were rapidly connected to an electronic cardiovascular monitoring device for monitoring of ECG , blood pressure ( BP ) , and heart rate ( HR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later lipid peroxidation , antioxidant power , ATP / ADP ratio , and Mg concentration in the heart were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that after AlP administration , BP and HR decreased while R - R duration increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "AlP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 25 ) MgPMC16 significantly increased the BP and HR at all doses used .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a considerable increase in antioxidant power , Mg level in the plasma and the heart and a reduction in lipid peroxidation and ADP / ATP ratio at various doses of ( 25 ) MgPMC16 , but ( 25 ) MgPMC16 - 0 . 025 + Bicarb was the most effective combination therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 185]}, {"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "Bicarb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study support that ( 25 ) MgPMC16 can increase heart energy by active transport of Mg inside the cardiac cells . ( 25 ) MgPMC16 seems ameliorating AlP - induced toxicity and cardiac failure necessitating further studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "( 25 ) MgPMC16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "AlP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ventilatory functions in cotton textile workers and the role of some inflammatory cytokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to cotton dust in industrial environments causes inflammation in the airways of the exposed workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may manifest as respiratory complaints and changes in the respiratory functions after work shift and in the baseline of their ventilatory functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study aimed to investigate the effect of occupational exposure to cotton dust on respiratory symptoms , ventilatory functions and pro - inflammatory cytokine levels ( tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 beta ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was conducted on 63 textile workers and 65 nonexposed subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both groups were matched for age , socioeconomic status and smoking habit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The respirable dust measured in the workplace did not exceed the permissible values of the Egyptian law 1994 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bacterial counts detected were within the occupational exposure limits of the industrial settings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that the percentage of respiratory symptoms was higher in textile workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respiratory complaints were chronic cough ( 33 . 2 % ) , chronic bronchitis ( 39 . 7 % ) and dyspnea ( 23 . 8 % ) in textile workers compared to ( 6 . 2 % , 6 . 2 % and 1 . 5 % ) , respectively , in controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a marked reduction in the ventilatory functions ( forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s ) in the textile workers compared to the controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The additive effect of smoking on the ventilatory functions was not apparent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ventilatory functions of the workers were significantly positively correlated with the duration of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytokines were insignificantly higher in the textile workers compared to their controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The textile workers with respiratory complaints showed significant decline in ventilatory functions and elevation in the cytokine levels compared to the nonsymtomatizing workers with significant difference in interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the results supported the fact that exposure to cotton dust deteriorates ventilatory functions and elevates proinflammatory cytokine levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the release of cytokines can be used to evaluate the immune responses to organic dust - induced airway inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heat stress decreases testicular germ cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in short term : an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scrotal hyperthermia has been known as a cause of male infertility but the exact mechanism leading to impaired spermatogenesis is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work was aimed to investigate the role of scrotal hyperthermia on cell proliferation and apoptosis in testes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats were randomly allotted into one of the four experimental groups : A ( control ) , B ( 1 day after scrotal hyperthermia ) , C ( 14 days after scrotal hyperthermia ) , and D ( 35 days after scrotal hyperthermia ) ; each group comprised 7 animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scrotal hyperthermia was carried out in a thermostatically controlled water bath at 43 degrees C for 30 min once daily for 6 consecutive days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control rats were treated in the same way , except the testes were immersed in a water bath maintained at 22 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperthermia - exposed rats were killed under 50 mg / kg ketamine anaesthesia and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigations .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperthermia treatment significantly decreased the testicular antioxidant system , including decreases in the glutathione level , superoxide dismutase , and glutathione peroxidase activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , exposure to hyperthermia resulted in lipid peroxidation increase in testes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate a significant reduction in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and an enhancement in the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling after scrotal hyperthermia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dUTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In scrotal hyperthermia , the mitochondrial degeneration , dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum , and enlarged intercellular spaces were observed in both Sertoli and spermatid cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scrotal hyperthermia is one of the major factors that impair spermatogenesis in testis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This heat stress is shown to be closely associated with oxidative stress , followed by apoptosis of germ cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genomic approach to predict synergistic combinations for breast cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We leverage genomic and biochemical data to identify synergistic drug regimens for breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to study the mechanism of the histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitors valproic acid ( VPA ) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid ( SAHA ) in breast cancer , we generated and validated genomic profiles of drug response using a series of breast cancer cell lines sensitive to each drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 136]}, {"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These genomic profiles were then used to model drug response in human breast tumors and show significant correlation between VPA and SAHA response profiles in multiple breast tumor data sets , highlighting their similar mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes deregulated by VPA and SAHA converge on the cell cycle pathway ( Bayes factor 5 . 21 and 5 . 94 , respectively ; P - value 10 ( - 8 . 6 ) and 10 ( - 9 ) , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , VPA and SAHA upregulate key cyclin - dependent kinase ( CDK ) inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two independent datasets , cancer cells treated with CDK inhibitors have similar gene expression profile changes to the cellular response to HDAC inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results led us to hypothesize that VPA and SAHA may interact synergistically with CDK inhibitors such as PD - 033299 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "PD - 033299", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments show that HDAC and CDK inhibitors have statistically significant synergy in both breast cancer cell lines and primary 3 - dimensional cultures of cells from pleural effusions of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , synergistic relationships between HDAC and CDK inhibitors may provide an effective combinatorial regimen for breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , these studies provide an example of how genomic analysis of drug - response profiles can be used to design rational drug combinations for cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical constituents and allelopathic and antioxidant activities of Alchorneopsis floribunda M u ll .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Euphorbiaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical investigation of extracts from the stems and leaves of Alchorneopsis floribunda M u ll .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arg . , collected in the Amazon region , was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main isolated compounds were triterpenes ( alpha - amyrin , beta - amyrin , lupeol , betulin , betulinic acid , uvaol , erythrodiol and oleanolic acid ) and phenolic acid derivatives from 4 - hydroxybenzoic acid ( gallic and protocatechuic acids and isocorilagin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "alpha - amyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "beta - amyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "lupeol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "uvaol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "erythrodiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "oleanolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 154]}, {"entity": "phenolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 215]}, {"entity": "gallic and protocatechuic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 249]}, {"entity": "isocorilagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the germination assays , high inhibitory allelopathic effects of the extracts and isocorilagin were observed and 2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of isocorilagin was higher than those of the standards used ( Trolox and butylated hydroxyanisole ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isocorilagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 153]}, {"entity": "isocorilagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 197]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 250]}, {"entity": "butylated hydroxyanisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first chemical study of the genus Alchorneopsis ( Euphorbiaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of total oxidative status and total antioxidant capacity in patients with endemic fluorosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to determine the plasma total oxidative status ( TOS ) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) in patients with endemic fluorosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 79 ( 35 males and 44 females ; mean age 44 . 0 +/- 11 . 9 years ) patients with endemic fluorosis and 55 ( 23 males and 32 females ; mean age 48 . 3 +/- 8 . 5 years ) age - , sex - and body mass index - matched healthy controls were included in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The urine fluoride levels and plasma TOS and TAC levels were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The urine fluoride levels of fluorosis patients were significantly higher than control subjects as expected ( 1 . 91 +/- 0 . 15 vs . 0 . 49 +/- 0 . 13 mg / L , respectively ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TOS was significantly higher in fluorosis group than in control group ( 17 . 55 +/- 3 . 82 vs . 15 . 06 +/- 4 . 31 mu mol H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) Eq / L , respectively ; p = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TAC was significantly lower in fluorosis group than in control group ( 1 . 60 +/- 0 . 36 vs . 1 . 82 +/- 0 . 51 mmol Trolox Eq / L , respectively ; p = 0 . 004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress index ( OSI ) was significantly higher in fluorosis group than in control group ( 11 . 5 +/- 3 . 8 vs . 8 . 8 +/- 3 . 7 , respectively ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation analysis in all the groups indicated that TAC was negatively correlated with urine fluoride ( r = - 0 . 25 , p = 0 . 003 ) , TOS was positively correlated with urine fluoride ( r = 0 . 34 , p < 0 . 001 ) and OSI was positively correlated with urine fluoride ( r = 0 . 36 , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of our study demonstrate that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the endemic fluorosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of aqueous doash extract on urinary mutagenicity in rats exposed to heterocyclic amines .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doash ( Origanum majorana ) is an herbaceous plant found commonly in Saudi Arabia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is used as a food flavor and a folk remedy to treat a number of diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2 - amino - 3 - methylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline ( IQ ) and 2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine ( PhIP ) are the most abundant of the heterocyclic amine carcinogens present in cooked food .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - amino - 3 - methylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 57]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 134]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "heterocyclic amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the potential of doash tea to influence carcinogen metabolism was investigated indirectly using heterocyclic amines as model mutagens , IQ and PhIP .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 138]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained showed that doash tea had no influence on body weight in both the studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were treated with different doses of IQ ( 1 , 3 , 5 and 10 mg / kg ) or PhIP ( 1 , 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selected dosage was 5 mg / kg for both heterocyclic amines .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained revealed that rats treated with doash tea and given a single dose of the heterocyclic amines , whether for 1 day ( short - term ) or for 1 month ( long term ) , showed a statistically significant decrease in their excretion of indirect mutagens ( IQ or PhIP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following treatment of the rats with a single oral dose of IQ or PhIP , the highest mutagenic activity determined in the presence of an activation system was excreted in the urine after 24 h , with much lower levels of mutagencity being excreted during subsequent elimination from the body .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No mutagenicity was observed in the absence of an activation system that is direct - acting mutagenicity using ( IQ and PhIP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis revealed that , in comparison with the control group , the aqueous doash extract significantly reduced the mutagenic response after 24 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that doash extract significantly decreased the excretion of mutagens in comparison with the control group ( water only ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the organic cation transporter 3 , SLC22A3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human organic cation transporter 3 ( OCT3 and SLC22A3 ) mediates the uptake of many important endogenous amines and basic drugs in a variety of tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OCT3 is identified as one of the important risk loci for prostate cancer , and is markedly underexpressed in aggressive prostate cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to identify genetic and epigenetic factors in the promoter region that influence the expression level of OCT3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotypes that contained the common variants , g . - 81G > delGA ( rs60515630 ) ( minor allele frequency 11 . 5 % in African American ) and g . - 2G > A ( rs555754 ) ( minor allele frequency > 30 % in all ethnic groups ) showed significant increases in luciferase reporter activities and exhibited stronger transcription factor - binding affinity than the haplotypes that contained the major alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the reporter assays , OCT3 messenger RNA expression levels were significantly higher in Asian ( P < 0 . 001 ) and Caucasian ( P < 0 . 05 ) liver samples from individuals who were homozygous for g . - 2A / A in comparison with those homozygous for the g . - 2G / G allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies revealed that the methylation level in the basal promoter region of OCT3 was associated with OCT3 expression level and tumorigenesis capability in various prostate cancer cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methylation level of the OCT3 promoter was higher in 62 % of prostate tumor samples compared with matched normal samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies demonstrate that genetic polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of OCT3 alter the transcription rate of the gene and may be associated with altered expression levels of OCT3 in human liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrant methylation contributes to the reduced expression of OCT3 in prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation patterns of some seed oil components from wild sources of Turkey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation profiles of fatty acids and alpha - tocopherol were analysed at three ripening stages in the seed oils of Primula and Echium species .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total seed oils were increased considerably with maturation , while alpha - tocopherol contents decreased in both species .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased levels of ALA and oleic acid , and decrease in linoleic and palmitic acids at late ripening stages of Primula sibthorpii , and slightly fluctuations of all examined fatty acids in Echium italicum were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "linoleic and palmitic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 84]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable amounts of alpha - tocopherol ( 27 . 4 mg / 100 g ) , linoleic acid ( 42 . 76 % ) and ALA ( 25 . 46 % ) and GLA ( 4 . 11 % ) were detected in Ribes alpinum .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "GLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical accumulation patterns of the examined parameters may be useful for species characterisation and biochemical monitoring of seed development in natural conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucopolysaccharidosis : cardiologic features and effects of enzyme - replacement therapy in 24 children with MPS I , II and VI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the cardiologic features of children with MPS I , II and VI , and evaluated the effect of enzyme - replacement therapy ( ERT ) on cardiac disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - four children aged 1 - 18 years with MPS I , II or VI were prospectively evaluated with echocardiogram and electrocardiogram from the start of enzyme - replacement therapy up to 6 years of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At start of therapy , 66 % had abnormal cardiac geometric features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left - ventricular mass index ( LVMI ) was increased in half of the patients , due mainly to concentric hypertrophy in MPS I and II and to eccentric hypertrophy in MPS VI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regurgitation was most severe in a subgroup of young MPS VI patients ( < 5 years ) at the mitral valve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At baseline , all patients had abnormal valves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ECG showed no clear rhythm or conduction abnormalities ; neither , in most patients , did it reflect the hypertrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After ERT , the LVMI Z - score normalized in 70 % of the patients who had a Z - score > 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LVMI Z - scores decreased significantly in patients with MPS I and MPS II ( p = 0 . 04 and p = 0 . 032 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite ERT , valve regurgitation increased in 60 % of the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that all our MPS patients have cardiac abnormalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most severe cardiac disease was observed in a subgroup of young MPS VI patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While ERT had an effect on LVMI and IVSd , it apparently had little or none on valve regurgitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural basis for protein phosphatase 1 regulation and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ubiquitous serine / threonine protein phosphatase 1 ( PP1 ) regulates diverse , essential cellular processes such as cell cycle progression , protein synthesis , muscle contraction , carbohydrate metabolism , transcription and neuronal signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the free catalytic subunit of PP1 , while an effective enzyme , lacks substrate specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , it depends on a diverse set of regulatory proteins ( >= 200 ) to confer specificity towards distinct substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we discuss recent advances in structural studies of PP1 holoenzyme complexes and summarize the new insights these studies have provided into the molecular basis of PP1 regulation and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of vitamin E and epicatechin against nicotine - induced oxidative stress in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine is a major pharmacologically active and addictive component of tobacco smoke , which is regarded to be a primary risk factor in the development of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epicatechin is one of the most potent antioxidants present in the human diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly high levels of this compound are found in tea , apples and chocolate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been reported that tea extracts and / or its constituents have antibacterial , antiviral , antioxidative , antitumor and antimutagenic activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E is a major lipid - soluble antioxidant vitamin and free radical scavenger , presents as an integral component of cellular membranes and has important biological functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary mechanism by which vitamin E is proposed to prevent cancer is through their antioxidant properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of epicatechin alone or combined with vitamin E in inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by nicotine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained indicated that there was a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdhyde ( MDA ) in nicotine injected rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdhyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combined treatment ( epicatechin + Vit E ) group showed a potential reduction of these parameters more than individual treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "Vit E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activities of superoxide dismutase , catalase and glutathione peroxidase were found significantly higher in combined treated than untreated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nicotine group , a negative significant correlation between reduced glutathione and MDA ( r = - 0 . 92 ) was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these results suggested that the supplementation of diet with epicatechin and vitamin E provided antioxidant defense with strong chemopreventive activity against nicotine - induced carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of cytotoxicity of nickel by quercetin : the role of reactive oxygen species and histone acetylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excessive exposure to nickel may cause health effects on the blood , lung , nose , kidney , reproductive system , skin and the unborn child .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we found that Ni ( 2 + ) exposure led to a time - and dose - dependent proliferation arrest and death in human leukemia HL - 60 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of 1 mM Ni ( 2 + ) , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation ( indicated by the level of malondialdehyde ) increased to 323 % and histone acetylation decreased to 32 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , quercetin ( QU ) dose dependently prevented Ni ( 2 + ) - induced cell proliferation arrest and death from 0 to 80 mu M but showed similar activity of scavenging ROS at the concentrations of 20 , 40 and 80 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the effect of QU on histone acetylation was studied , QU significantly prevented Ni ( 2 + ) - induced histone hypoacetylation at 40 or 80 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , increase in histone acetylation by trichostatin A could also significantly enhance the protection effect of QU at 10 or 20 micro M but not at higher concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "trichostatin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , our results further confirmed the critical role of ROS and histone hypoacetylation in the cytotoxicity of Ni ( 2 + ) exposure and proved that QU is a potentially useful native dietary compound to efficiently prevent Ni ( 2 + ) - caused cytotoxicity through both diminishing ROS generation and increasing histone acetylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "Ni ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium concentrations in shrimp ( Penaeus semisulcatus and Penaeus monodon ) caught from the coastal areas in Southern Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to determine the concentration of cadmium in two shrimp species , namely , Penaeus semisulcatus and Penaeus monodon caught from the coastal areas in southern Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium concentration was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 91 shrimp samples after nitric acid / perchloric acid digestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "nitric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "perchloric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accuracy of the analysis was checked by various methods including the use of reference material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean +/- SD of cadmium concentrations in shrimp samples were 0 . 128 +/- 0 . 144 ( mu g / g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cadmium concentrations ranged from 0 . 010 to 0 . 96 mu g / g of the muscle tissues of shrimp .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher cadmium concentration in shrimp samples was found in summer ( significant p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that the mean concentration of cadmium in shrimp is lower than the maximum allowed levels according to International standards , although the concentration of cadmium in only one sample was more than the amount recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , no risk to the consumer arises from the cadmium contents of the shrimp caught in these areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli by inclusion crystalline method .", "entity": [{"entity": "patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we have focused on the application of non - traditional separation approach , the host - guest inclusion method , into the separation of the active component patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli Herb .", "entity": [{"entity": "patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The host molecule 1 , 1 , 6 , 6 - tetraphenylhexa - 2 , 4 - diyne - 1 , 6 - diol ( A ) was used to selectively recognise the guest molecule patchouli alcohol ( B ) in the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin ( Blanco ) Benth through two strong hydrogen bonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 , 6 , 6 - tetraphenylhexa - 2 , 4 - diyne - 1 , 6 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 80]}, {"entity": "patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inclusion compound was structurally determined by the single crystal X - ray diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The separation effect was examined by gas chromatography for the whole essential oil and the inclusion compound , showing that the inclusion crystalline method is simple , rapid and effective for the separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of C . potchouli Herb .", "entity": [{"entity": "patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and / or flavor additives on male rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present work was to evaluate the broadest toxic effect of some synthetic additives of colorants and / or flavors on different body organs and metabolic aspects in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of chemical food color and flavor additives are routinely added during processing to improve the aesthetic appearance of the dietary items .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , many of them are toxic after prolonged use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this experiment , a total of 100 male albino rats of Spargue Dawley strain were divided into 10 groups : G ( 1 ) was fed basal diet and served as control , G ( 2 ) : basal diet + Brilliant blue ( blue dye , No . 2 , 124 mg / kg diet ) , G ( 3 ) : basal diet + carmoisine ( red dye , No . 3 , 70 mg / kg diet ) , G ( 4 ) : basal diet + tartrazine ( yellow dye , FD & C yellow No . 5 , 75 mg / kg diet ) , G ( 5 ) : basal diet + trans - anethole ( 4 . 5 g / kg diet ) G ( 6 ) : basal diet + propylene glycol ( 0 . 25 g / kg diet ) , G ( 7 ) : basal diet + vanillin ( 1 . 25 g / kg diet ) , G ( 8 ) : basal diet + Brilliant blue + propylene glycol , G ( 9 ) : basal diet + carmoisine + trans - anethole , G ( 10 ) : basal diet + tartrazine + vanillin for 42 successive days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brilliant blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 196]}, {"entity": "carmoisine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 273]}, {"entity": "tartrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 348]}, {"entity": "trans - anethole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [430, 446]}, {"entity": "propylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [492, 508]}, {"entity": "vanillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [557, 565]}, {"entity": "Brilliant blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [614, 628]}, {"entity": "propylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [631, 647]}, {"entity": "carmoisine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [673, 683]}, {"entity": "trans - anethole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [686, 702]}, {"entity": "tartrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [729, 739]}, {"entity": "vanillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [742, 750]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All food colorants mixed with or without flavor additives induced a significant decrease in body weight , hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also there was a significant decrease in reduced glutathione content ; glutathione - S - transferase and superoxide dismutase activities in both blood and liver compared to control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 86]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase , aspartate aminotransferase , alkaline phosphatase activities , bilirubin , urea , creatinine , total protein and albumin were observed in all test groups when compared to control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , it is advisable to limit the uses of these food colorants and / or food flavor additives especially those used by children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroids and phenolic constituents from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Sarcodon joedes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine secondary metabolites , including four steroids , four phenolics and one cerebroside , were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Sarcodon joedes .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "cerebroside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analyses as ( 22E , 24R ) - 6 beta - methoxyergosta - 7 , 22 - diene - 3 beta , 5 alpha - diol ( 1 ) , 2 ' , 3 ' - diacetoxy - 3 , 4 , 5 ' , 6 ' , 4 '' - pentahydroxy - p - terphenyl ( 2 ) , cerebroside B ( 3 ) , ergosta - 7 , 22 - dien - 3 beta - ol ( 4 ) , ergosterol peroxide ( 5 ) , ( 22E , 24R ) - 3 beta - hydroxy - ergosta - 5 , 22 - dien - 7 - one ( 6 ) , benzoic acid ( 7 ) , methyl p - hydroxybenzoate ( 8 ) and 3 , 4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid ( 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 22E , 24R ) - 6 beta - methoxyergosta - 7 , 22 - diene - 3 beta , 5 alpha - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 150]}, {"entity": "2 ' , 3 ' - diacetoxy - 3 , 4 , 5 ' , 6 ' , 4 '' - pentahydroxy - p - terphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 238]}, {"entity": "cerebroside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 260]}, {"entity": "ergosta - 7 , 22 - dien - 3 beta - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 306]}, {"entity": "ergosterol peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 334]}, {"entity": "( 22E , 24R ) - 3 beta - hydroxy - ergosta - 5 , 22 - dien - 7 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [343, 411]}, {"entity": "benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [420, 432]}, {"entity": "methyl p - hydroxybenzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [441, 467]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [478, 507]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these compounds were isolated from this fungus for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro evaluation of the protective effects of 4 - thujanol against mitomycin - C and cyclophosphamide - induced genotoxic damage in human peripheral lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "mitomycin - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Thujanol ( sabinene hydrate ) , a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol , is found in the essential oils of many aromatic and medicinal plants and is widely used as a fragrance and flavouring agent in many different products .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - Thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "sabinene hydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "bicyclic monoterpene alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of 4 - thujanol against the genotoxic effects induced by mitomycin C ( MMC ) and cyclophosphamide ( CP ) in human lymphocytes , using the chromosome aberrations , sister chromatid exchanges , and micronucleus tests , in the absence and in the presence of S9 mix , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "mitomycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 135]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cells were treated with 0 . 25 micro g / mL MMC and 28 micro g / mL CP as alone and cotreated with 13 + 0 . 25 , 26 + 0 . 25 , and 52 + 0 . 25 micro g / mL 4 - thujanol + MMC and with 13 + 28 , 26 + 28 , and 52 + 28 micro g / mL 4 - thujanol + CP as a mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study showed that 4 - thujanol was unable to reduce the genetic damage induced by MMC , in the absence of S9 mix .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , probably the metabolites of 4 - thujanol act as an antagonist and markedly antagonize CP - induced genotoxicity , in the presence of S9 mix .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , 4 - thujanol + MMC and 4 - thujanol + CP decreased the mitotic index , proliferation index and nuclear division index to the same extent or more than those of individual exposure of MMC or CP .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , 4 - thujanol significantly reduced ( p < 0 . 001 ) the genotoxic damage induced by CP but not MMC when compared with the respective positive control alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can suggest that 4 - thujanol may improve the chemopreventive effects and may also reduce the harmful side effects of CP , which is widely used in chemotherapy against cancer , without reducing its antiproliferative activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - thujanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlorogenic acid , rutin and hyperoside content in Fragaria vesca , F . viridis and F . moschata in Lithuania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "hyperoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Lithuania , two species of the genus Fragaria L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Rosaceae ) , F . vesca L . and F . viridis Weston , occur naturally in the wild and two others , F . moschata Weston and F .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier are found escaped from cultivation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main objective of this study was to establish the variation pattern in the content of chlorogenic acid , rutin and hyperoside in leaves and fruits of the native Lithuanian species .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "hyperoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the chemical polymorphisms of different Fragaria species were studied by growing plants side by side under the same cultivated field conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "F . vesca fruits had the highest rutin ( 1 . 38 +/- 0 . 19 mg g ( - 1 ) DM ) , hyperoside ( 0 . 69 +/- 0 . 10 mg g ( - 1 ) DM ) and chlorogenic acid ( 2 . 25 +/- 0 . 34 mg g ( - 1 ) DM ) content , followed by F . viridis and F . moschata .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "hyperoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that the leaves should be taken into account as important rutin and hyperoside contributors for strawberries .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "hyperoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bromotheoynic acid , a brominated acetylenic acid from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bromotheoynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "brominated acetylenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new brominated C ( 17 ) acetylenic acid ( 1 ) designated as bromotheoynic acid has been isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei , collected off the coast of Tanegashima , Kagoshima Prefecture , Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "brominated C ( 17 ) acetylenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 41]}, {"entity": "bromotheoynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure was determined on the basis of the analysis of its extensive 2D NMR spectroscopic data as well as HRMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bromotheoynic acid ( 1 ) inhibited maturation of starfish oocytes and cell division of fertilised starfish eggs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bromotheoynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bromotheoynic acid ( 1 ) also inhibited proliferation of human leukaemia U937 and HL60 cells , human lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells , and human embryonic kidney 293 ( HEK293 ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bromotheoynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aromatic profiling of wild and rare species growing in Turkey : hypericum aviculariifolium Jaub . and Spach subsp . depilatum ( Freyn and Bornm . ) Robson var . depilatum and Hypericum pruinatum Boiss . and Bal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volatile constituents of the rare species of Hypericum , namely Hypericum pruinatum ( as one population ) and Hypericum aviculariifolium subp . depilatum var . depilatum ( endemic , as two populations namely ' G u m u s ' and ' Yenik o y ' ) growing wild in the mountainous parts of Northern Turkey were studied for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oils ( EOs ) were extracted by hydrodistillation of the air - dried aerial parts and analysed by GC - FID and GC - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 56 , 49 and 50 EO components representing 98 . 2 % , 96 . 9 % and 99 . 4 % of the total composition were identified respectively from one population for H . pruinatum and two populations for Hypericum aviculariifolium subp . depilatum var . depilatum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GC - MS profiles showed significant compositional variations not only between the two Turkish species , but also between the two populations of the same species highlighting the importance of genetic factors affecting secondary metabolite profile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclo - ( His , Leu ) : a new microbial diketopiperazine from a terrestrial Bacillus subtilis strain B38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclo - ( His , Leu )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "diketopiperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In continuation of our search for bioactive secondary metabolites from terrestrial Bacillus spp . , a new microbial diketopiperazine , cis - cyclo - ( His , Leu ) ( 1 ) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a strain B . subtilis B38 , together with cis - cyclo - ( Phe , Phe ) ( 2 ) , tryptophane ( 3 ) , cis - cyclo - ( Leu , Tyr ) ( 4 ) , cis - cyclo - ( Trp , Tyr ) ( 5 ) and macrolactin A ( 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diketopiperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "cis - cyclo - ( His , Leu )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 162]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 204]}, {"entity": "cis - cyclo - ( Phe , Phe )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 285]}, {"entity": "tryptophane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 305]}, {"entity": "cis - cyclo - ( Leu , Tyr )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 341]}, {"entity": "cis - cyclo - ( Trp , Tyr )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 377]}, {"entity": "macrolactin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by comparison of their 1D , 2D NMR and HRESIMS data with authentic spectra and literatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first time that cyclo - ( His , Leu ) has been isolated from natural products .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclo - ( His , Leu )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of survival signalling pathways by the phosphatase PHLPP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recently discovered pleckstrin homology ( PH ) domain leucine - rich repeat protein phosphatase ( PHLPP ) family is emerging as a central component in suppressing cell survival pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Originally discovered in a rational search for a phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates and inactivates Akt , PHLPP is now known to potently suppress cell survival both by inhibiting proliferative pathways and by promoting apoptotic pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first instance , PHLPP directly dephosphorylates a conserved regulatory site ( termed the hydrophobic motif ) on Akt , protein kinase C and S6 kinase , thereby terminating signalling by these pro - survival kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second instance , PHLPP dephosphorylates and thus activates the pro - apoptotic kinase Mst1 , thereby promoting apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHLPP is deleted in a large number of cancers and the genetic deletion of one isozyme in a PTEN ( phosphatase and tensin homologue located on chromosome 1 ) + / - ( or heterozygous ) prostate cancer model results in increased tumourigenesis , underscoring the role of PHLPP as a tumour suppressor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the targets and cellular actions of PHLPP , with emphasis on its role as a tumour suppressor in the oncogenic phosphoinositide 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt signalling cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Artemisia nilagirica essential oil growing in northern hilly areas of India .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Essential oil extracted from aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica was analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - three constituents amounting to 98 . 16 % of the total essential oil contents were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil contained approximately 79 . 91 % monoterpenoids and 18 . 25 % sesquiterpenoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Thujone ( 36 . 35 % ) , beta - thujone ( 9 . 37 % ) , germacrene D ( 6 . 32 % ) , 4 - terpineol ( 6 . 31 % ) , beta - caryophyllene ( 5 . 43 % ) , camphene ( 5 . 47 % ) and borneol ( 4 . 12 % ) were identified as the major constituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Thujone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "beta - thujone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "germacrene D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "4 - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "beta - caryophyllene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 139]}, {"entity": "camphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "borneol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil exhibited significant antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani ( ED ( 50 ) , 85 . 75 mg L ( - 1 ) ) , Sclerotium rolfsii ( ED ( 50 ) , 87 . 63 mg L ( - 1 ) ) and Macrophomina phaseolina ( ED ( 50 ) , 93 . 23 mg L ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study indicated that A . nilagirica essential oil can be used to control phytopathogenic fungi infesting agricultural crops and commodities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural basis for the altered drug sensitivities of non - small cell lung cancer - associated mutants of human epidermal growth factor receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) has an essential role in multiple signaling pathways , including cell proliferation and migration , through extracellular ligand binding and subsequent activation of its intracellular tyrosine kinase ( TK ) domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) - associated EGFR mutants , L858R and G719S , are constitutively active and oncogenic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They display sensitivity to TK inhibitors , including gefitinib and erlotinib .", "entity": [{"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the secondary mutation of the gatekeeper residue , T790M , reportedly confers inhibitor resistance on the oncogenic EGFR mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , our biochemical analyses revealed that the introduction of the T790M mutation confers gefitinib resistance on the G719S mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G719S / T790M double mutant has enhanced activity and retains high gefitinib - binding affinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The T790M mutation increases the ATP affinity of the G719S mutant , explaining the acquired drug resistance of the double mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural analyses of the G719S / T790M double mutant , as well as the wild type and the G719S and L858R mutants , revealed that the T790M mutation stabilizes the hydrophobic spine of the active EGFR - TK conformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Met790 side chain of the G719S / T790M double mutant , in the apo form and gefitinib - and AMPPNP - bound forms , adopts different conformations that explain the accommodation of these ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Met790", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the L858R mutant structure , the active - site cleft is expanded by the repositioning of Phe723 within the P - loop .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phe723", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , the introduction of the F723A mutation greatly enhanced the gefitinib sensitivity of the wild - type EGFR in vivo , supporting our hypothesis that the expansion of the active - site cleft results in enhanced gefitinib sensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our results provide a structural basis for the altered drug sensitivities caused by distinct NSCLC - associated EGFR mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TGF - beta 1 - dependent L1CAM expression has an essential role in macrophage - induced apoptosis resistance and cell migration of human intestinal epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) have an increased risk to develop colorectal cancer ( CRC ) particularly after long duration of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characterized by a marked enrichment of immune cells such as macrophages as well as by high expression of cytokines and growth factors including transforming growth factor - beta 1 ( TGF - beta 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adhesion molecule L1CAM mediates chemoresistance and migration of tumor cells and is elevated in CRC tissues being associated with metastatic spread and poor prognosis for the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we examine the role of TGF - beta 1 - induced L1CAM expression and macrophages in malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that TGF - beta 1 stimulation leads to a Slug - dependent upregulation of L1CAM expression already in the colonic intestinal epithelial cell line NCM460 thereby enhancing cell motility and apoptosis resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , NCM460 cells acquired a migratory and apoptosis - resistant phenotype if transfected with L1CAM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry of colonic biopsies revealed considerable L1CAM expression in intestinal epithelial cells in tissues from IBD patients but not in normal colonic tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , L1CAM expression increased with duration of disease being associated with the presence of CD33 + macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coculture with macrophages generated from monocyte colony - stimulating factor ( MCSF ) - treated monocytes led to the upregulation of Slug and L1CAM in NCM460 cells thereby elevating cell motility and apoptosis resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological inhibition of TGF - beta 1 signalling abolished expression of Slug and L1CAM in cocultured NCM460 cells resulting in decreased cell migration and apoptosis resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these data provide new insights into the mechanisms by which IBD promotes malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells and underscore the role of L1CAM and macrophages in this scenario .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulated release of 5 - fluorouracil from pH - sensitive and colon targeted pellets : an industrially feasible approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pellets , reliant on pH - sensitivity and time - dependency for drug delivery , provide one of the most versatile opportunities for targeting colon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) loaded pellets were prepared by extrusion - spheronization using Avicel ( (R) ) PH101 as a spheronization aid and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M ( HPMC K4M ) solution as a binder .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 3 ( 2 ) full factorial design was employed to optimize spheronization speed and time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtained pellets were evaluated for flow properties , pellet size , roundness and aspect ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized batch was coated in a bottom - spray fluidized bed processor ( FBP ) with an inner coat of sustained release polymer Eudragit NE30D and an outer coat of pH - sensitive polymer Eudragit FS30D .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eudragit NE30D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "Eudragit FS30D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coating levels were statistically optimized and in vitro drug release was monitored by changing pH media method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized system with 15 % inner and outer coating levels revealed t ( 50 % ) ( time required for 50 % drug release ) to be about 9 h while almost complete drug was released in 24 h ( 98 . 71 +/- 1 . 33 % ) with highest dissolution efficiency ( DE ( 24h ) ) of 58 . 71 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimization model was validated ; the predicted and experimental / actual values for validation batch ( M1 ) were in close tolerance and the standard error ( SE ) was also small .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug release was also studied at pH 7 . 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) demonstrated average coating thickness to be 32 . 50 +/- 3 . 0 micro m .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the present study provides constructive results for colon targeting of 5 - FU pellets with industrially feasible processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditional activation of Pik3ca ( H1047R ) in a knock - in mouse model promotes mammary tumorigenesis and emergence of mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA , which encodes the phosphoinositide - 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) catalytic subunit p110 alpha , occur in ~ 25 % of human breast cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we report the development of a knock - in mouse model for breast cancer where the endogenous Pik3ca allele was modified to allow tissue - specific conditional expression of a frequently found Pik3ca ( H1047R ) ( Pik3ca ( e20H1047R ) ) mutant allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that activation of the latent Pik3ca ( H1047R ) allele resulted in breast tumors with multiple histological types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole - exome analysis of the Pik3ca ( H1047R ) - driven mammary tumors identified multiple mutations , including Trp53 mutations that appeared spontaneously during the development of adenocarinoma and spindle cell tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trp53", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we used this model to test the efficacy of GDC - 0941 , a PI3K inhibitor , in clinical development , and showed that the tumors respond to PI3K inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "GDC - 0941", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WNT6 is a novel target gene of caveolin - 1 promoting chemoresistance to epirubicin in human gastric cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for curative treatment of human gastric cancer ( GC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wingless - type MMTV integration site family members ( WNTs ) are secreted glycoproteins involved in embryogenesis and , on inappropriate expression in the adult , in cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show expression of WNT6 in GC patient specimens , human GC cell lines and in a mouse model of GC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In human GC cells , WNT6 expression was enhanced by caveolin - 1 ( Cav1 ) , a scaffold protein of plasma membrane caveolae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WNT6 knock - down and overexpression experiments demonstrated that WNT6 increased the resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by the anthracycline chemotherapeutics epirubicin ( Epi ) and doxorubicin ( Dox ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epi increased the activity of the human WNT6 promoter through Cav1 - dependent binding of beta - catenin to the proximal WNT6 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epi increased both WNT6 / Wnt6 and Cav1 expression in human GC cells and within the tumor area of a murine model of GC ( CEA424 - SV40 TAg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In GC patients , WNT6 expression was positively associated with the tumor stage and the nodal status , and inversely correlated with the response to ECF ( Epi , cisplatin , 5 - fluorouracil ) chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results showed that WNT6 and Cav1 are upregulated by chemotherapeutics and enhance the resistance of GC cells to anthracycline drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving WNT6 / Cav1 - induced drug resistance will provide benefits in developing new therapies for GC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new alpha - glucosidase inhibitors from guggul , the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new compounds ; epi - mukulin , ( Z ) - Delta ( 1 , 2 ) dehydroguggulsterone and Delta ( 6 , 7 ) dehydro - 20 - hydroxygugglsterone were isolated from the n - hexane - soluble fraction ( HSF ) of the methanol extract of guggul , the oleogum resin of Commiphora wightii together with six known compounds : diasesartemin , ( + ) - epi - magnolin , ( + ) - diayangambin , gugglsterol I , ( E ) - guggulsterone and ( Z ) - guggulsterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "epi - mukulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "( Z ) - Delta ( 1 , 2 ) dehydroguggulsterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 82]}, {"entity": "Delta ( 6 , 7 ) dehydro - 20 - hydroxygugglsterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 137]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 171]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 214]}, {"entity": "diasesartemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 324]}, {"entity": "( + ) - epi - magnolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 349]}, {"entity": "( + ) - diayangambin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 372]}, {"entity": "gugglsterol I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [375, 388]}, {"entity": "( E ) - guggulsterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [391, 412]}, {"entity": "( Z ) - guggulsterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [417, 438]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of different spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Glucosidase inhibitory effects of HSF and the isolated compounds were evaluated calorimetrically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HSF showed significant alpha - glucosidase inhibitory effect [ IC ( 50 ) value of 140 micro g mL ( - 1 ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the assay conditions , diasesartemin ( IC ( 50 ) = 60 . 6 +/- 0 . 01 micro M ) was found to be more potent than the positive control , acarbose ( IC ( 50 ) = 92 . 94 +/- 0 . 01 micro M ) ; a known alpha - glucosidase inhibitor ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diasesartemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "acarbose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC ( 50 ) values of epi - mukulin and ( Z ) - guggulsterone were found to be 159 . 33 and 132 . 14 micro M , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "epi - mukulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "( Z ) - guggulsterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other compounds showed weak alpha - glucosidase inhibitory effects , < 30 % inhibition of the enzyme activity at 0 . 1 mg mL ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical constituents of Indonesian plant Protium javanicum Burm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "f . and their antifeedant activities against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the continuing study of antifeedant compounds in Protium javanicum Burm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "f . against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki , 6 - desacetylnimbin ( 1 ) , quercitrin ( 2 ) and myricitrin ( 3 ) were isolated from P . javanicum extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - desacetylnimbin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "quercitrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "myricitrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds were characterised by NMR and MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the structure of 6 - desacetylnimbin was confirmed by X - ray crystallography .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - desacetylnimbin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antifeedant activity was evaluated with no - choice feeding tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a dose of 0 . 5 mg , 6 - desacetylnimbin exhibited the highest antifeedant activity among the isolates .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - desacetylnimbin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor angiogenesis is enforced by autocrine regulation of high - mobility group box 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the progression of solid tumors and is considered a highly relevant target for therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it emerges that current clinical angiogenesis inhibitors that act through inhibition of tumor - derived growth factors are prone to inducing drug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , markers of tumor endothelial cells ( ECs ) themselves provide attractive novel therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a screen for markers of tumor angiogenesis , we recently identified high - mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1 ) , known to act as proinflammatory cytokine and chromatin - binding molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report on the role of HMGB1 in angiogenesis by showing that its overexpression is associated with an increased angiogenic potential of ECs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HMGB1 stimulates the expression of players in vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet - derived growth factor signaling , both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , we show that HMGB1 triggers and helps to sustain this proangiogenic gene expression program in ECs , additionally characterized by increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases , integrins and nuclear factor - kappa B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we found that HMGB1 is involved in several autocrine and / or paracrine feedback mechanisms resulting in positive enforcement of HMGB1 expression , and that of its receptors , RAGE ( receptor for advanced glycation end products ) and Toll - like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interference in HMGB1 expression and / or function using knockdown approaches and antibody - mediated targeting to break this vicious circle resulted in inhibited migration and sprouting of ECs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using different in vivo models , therapeutic efficacy of HMGB1 targeting was confirmed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , we demonstrated induction of HMGB1 expression in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ) neovasculature following both photodynamic therapy and tumor challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We subsequently showed that anti - HMGB1 antibodies inhibited vessel density in both models , accompanied by a reduced vascular expression of angiogenic growth factor receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these data identify HMGB1 as an important modulator of tumor angiogenesis and suggest the feasibility of targeting HMGB1 for multi - level cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress mutant p53 transcription via histone deacetylase 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration in human cancer and contributes to malignant process by enhancing transformed properties of cells and resistance to anticancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant p53 is often highly expressed in tumor cells at least , in part , due to its increased half - life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether mutant p53 expression is regulated by other mechanisms in tumors is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we found that histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitors suppress both wild - type and mutant p53 transcription in time - and dose - dependent manners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this , the levels of wild - type and mutant p53 proteins are decreased upon treatment with HDAC inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , we found that upon knockdown of each class I HDAC , only HDAC8 knockdown leads to decreased expression of wild - type and mutant p53 proteins and transcripts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , we found that ectopic expression of wild - type , but not mutant HDAC8 , leads to increased transcription of p53 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found that knockdown of HDAC8 results in reduced expression of HoxA5 and consequently , attenuated ability of HoxA5 to activate p53 transcription , which can be rescued by ectopic expression of HoxA5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the fact that HDAC8 is required for expression of both wild - type and mutant p53 , we found that targeted disruption of HDAC8 expression remarkably triggers proliferative defect in cells with a mutant , but not wild - type , p53 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our data uncover a regulatory mechanism of mutant p53 transcription via HDAC8 and suggest that HDAC inhibitors and especially HDAC8 - targeting agents might be explored as an adjuvant for tumors carrying a mutant p53 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "microRNA - 125b inhibits tube formation of blood vessels through translational suppression of VE - cadherin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis is controlled positively or negatively by extrinsic and intrinsic molecular cues in endothelial cells ( ECs ) ; in the tumor microenvironment , the action of positive regulators exceeds that of negative regulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , overinduction of negative regulators may inhibit tumor angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs ( miRNAs or miRs ) are endogenous short noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression either through translational inhibition or destabilization of target mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that miR - 125b expression is transiently induced in ECs on stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor or by ischemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "miR - 125b inhibits translation of vascular endothelial ( VE ) - cadherin mRNA and in vitro tube formation by ECs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of miR - 125b into the tumor inhibited VE - cadherin expression by ECs and induced nonfunctional blood vessel formation , resulting in inhibition of tumor growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been suggested that pro - angiogenic signals in ECs also upregulate anti - angiogenic molecules simultaneously via negative feedback .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because miR - 125b induction in ECs is transient after pro - angiogenic stimulation , prolonged overexpression of miR - 125b could result in blood vessel regression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , miR - 125b may be useful in cancer therapy by causing the collapse of the lumen of ECs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical constituents comparison between Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae by HPLC - DAD - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae ( RSG ) and Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae ( RSC ) are two herbal materials that belong to the same genera and are both listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical constituents in the two species were compared by HPLC - DAD - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many common constituents were found in both species , including shikimic acid , 5 - O - caffeoylshikimic acid , trans - resveratrol , taxifolin , astilbin and its three stereoisomers , engeletin and isoengeletin .", "entity": [{"entity": "shikimic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "5 - O - caffeoylshikimic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 109]}, {"entity": "trans - resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "taxifolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "astilbin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "engeletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 194]}, {"entity": "isoengeletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , syringic acid was found only in RSG , while chlorogenic acid was found only in RSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "syringic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gonadal hormones and the control of reactive gliosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astrocytes and microglia respond to central nervous system ( CNS ) injury with changes in morphology , proliferation , migration and expression of inflammatory regulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon is known as reactive gliosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of astrocytes and microglia after acute neural insults , such as stroke or traumatic CNS injury , is considered to be an adaptive response that contributes to minimize neuronal damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , reactive gliosis may amplify CNS damage under chronic neurodegenerative conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone , estradiol and testosterone have been shown to control reactive gliosis in different models of CNS injury , modifying the number of reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia and the expression of anti - inflammatory and proinflammatory mediators .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actions of gonadal hormones on reactive gliosis involve different mechanisms , including the modulation of the activity of steroid receptors , such as estrogen receptors alpha and beta , the regulation of nuclear factor - kappa B mediated transcription of inflammatory molecules and the recruitment of the transcriptional corepressor c - terminal binding protein to proinflammatory promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the Parkinson ' s disease related gene parkin and the endocannabinoid system also participate in the regulation of reactive gliosis by estradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control exerted by gonadal hormones on reactive gliosis may affect the response of neural tissue to trauma and neurodegeneration and may contribute to sex differences in the manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the precise functional consequences of the regulation of reactive gliosis by gonadal hormones under acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions are still not fully clarified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 90 - day oral ( dietary ) toxicity study of arruva , an R , R - monatin salt isomer , in Crl : CD - 1 ( ICR ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "arruva", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "R , R - monatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R , R - Monatin [ 2R , 4R - isomer of 2 - hydroxy - 2 - ( indol - 3 - ylmethyl ) - 4 - aminoglutaric acid ] is one of four natural constituent isomers in the root bark of Sclerochitin ilicifolius ; and \" arruva \" is the common / usual name that is proposed to represent R , R - monatin salt forms , which have potential use as high potency sweetener food ingredients .", "entity": [{"entity": "R , R - Monatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "2R , 4R - isomer of 2 - hydroxy - 2 - ( indol - 3 - ylmethyl ) - 4 - aminoglutaric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 105]}, {"entity": "arruva", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 210]}, {"entity": "R , R - monatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , groups of male and female Crl : CD - 1 ( ICR ) mice were exposed to 0 ( control ) , 5000 , 10 , 000 , 20 , 000 , or 35 , 000ppm of arruva in the diet for 90days .", "entity": [{"entity": "arruva", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no toxicologically relevant clinical or histopathological findings in any of the test article - treated groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly lower mean body weights and cumulative body weight gains were noted in the 35 , 000ppm group when compared to the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean body weights in the 35 , 000ppm group males and females were 9 % and 7 % less than the control group , respectively , at week 13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of observations associated with systemic toxicity and in consideration of the magnitude of body weight difference , these effects were not considered toxicologically significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results of this study , the dietary no - observed - adverse - effect level ( NOAEL ) of arruva for 90days in male and female mice was 35 , 000ppm ( equivalent to an exposure level of 5764 and 8013mg / kg bw / day , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arruva", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grewialin and optivanin new constituents from the stem bark of Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret ( Tiliaceae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grewialin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "optivanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the chemical constituents from the stem bark of Grewia optiva have led to the isolation of two new compounds , grewialin ( 1 ) and optivanin ( 2 ) , along with three known constituents which were hitherto unreported from this species .", "entity": [{"entity": "grewialin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "optivanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new constituents have been elucidated by spectral studies including 1D and 2D NMR experiments ( HSQC , HMBC , COSY , NOESY and J - resolved ) as well as HR EI - MS spectroscopic data analysis , as 2S * - ( 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxyphenyl ) - 3R * - methyl - 2H - [ 1 , 4 ] - dioxin [ 2 , 3 ] - chromen - 7 ( 3H ) - one ( 1 ) ; a coumarinolignan and 3 - hydroxy - 1 - ( 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxyphenyl ) propan - 1 - one ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2S * - ( 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxyphenyl ) - 3R * - methyl - 2H - [ 1 , 4 ] - dioxin [ 2 , 3 ] - chromen - 7 ( 3H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 340]}, {"entity": "coumarinolignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [351, 366]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxy - 1 - ( 3 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxyphenyl ) propan - 1 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [371, 441]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The known compounds were identified as beta - sitosterol , stigmasterol and lupeol by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "stigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "lupeol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Berberine inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in nasal polyp - derived fibroblasts via the p38 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purposes of this study were to determine whether berberine has any effect on phenotype changes and extracellular matrix ( ECM ) production in nasal polyp - derived fibroblasts ( NPDFs ) and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NPDFs were pre - treated with berberine prior to induction by transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - beta 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of alpha - smooth muscle actin ( SMA ) and collagen type I mRNA was determined by a reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction , and the expression of alpha - SMA protein and collagen type I was determined by western blotting and / or immunofluorescent staining .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total soluble collagen production was analysed by the SirCol collagen assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of several signaling molecules of the TGF - beta 1 pathway was evaluated by western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In TGF - beta 1 - induced NPDFs , berberine significantly inhibited the expression of alpha - SMA and collagen type I mRNA and reduced alpha - SMA and collagen protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Berberine only suppressed the expression of pp38 among the evaluated signaling molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SB203580 ( a specific inhibitor of p38 kinase ) markedly suppressed the increased expression of collagen type I and alpha - SMA in TGF - beta 1 - induced NPDFs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SB203580", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Berberine exerts suppressive effects on phenotype changes and ECM production in NPDFs via p38 signaling pathway interference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings provide new therapeutic options for ECM production in nasal polyps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonhematopoietic effects of erythropoietin in skin regeneration and repair : from basic research to clinical use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erythropoietin ( EPO ) is the main regulator of red blood cell production but there exists also a variety of nonhematopoietic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recent data show that EPO is also associated with the protection of tissues suffering from ischemia and reperfusion injury as well as with improved regeneration in various organ systems , in particular the skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review highlights the mechanisms of EPO in the different stages of wound healing and the reparative processes in the skin emphasizing pathophysiological mechanisms and potential clinical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is clear evidence that EPO effectively influences all wound - healing phases in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes inflammation , tissue , and blood vessel formation as well as the remodeling of the wound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular mechanism is predominantly based on an increased expression of the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide ( NO ) synthase with a consecutive rapid supply of NO as well as an increased content of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in the wound .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improved understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of EPO in the context of wound - healing problems and ischemia / reperfusion injury , especially during flap surgery , may lead to new considerations of this growth hormone for its regular clinical application in patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Essential oils composition of Periploca laevigata Aiton subsp . angustifolia ( Labill . ) Markgraf ( Apocynaceae - Periplocoideae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil of roots , branches , leaves , flowers and fruits of Periploca laevigata Aiton subsp . angustifolia ( Apocynaceae ) from Lampedusa Island has been obtained by hydrodistillation and its composition analysed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 86 volatile compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Branches showed the higher diversity with 57 compounds followed by fruits with 33 , roots with 23 , flowers with 16 and leaves with six compounds , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the matrices examined three constituents , heneicosane , docosane and tricosane are in common , although with different percentages .", "entity": [{"entity": "heneicosane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "docosane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "tricosane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least the most abundant compounds found in the matrices have been reported to have several biological activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - Hydroxy - 4 - methoxybenzaldehyde identified in the roots as the most abundant component ( 70 . 7 % ) and present with 8 . 3 % in the branches is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor present in several African medicinal plants , and thus being used as an ingredient in cosmetic and other medicinal products , primarily in relation to hyperpigmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - Hydroxy - 4 - methoxybenzaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the compounds identified , several play a role as semiochemicals for many animals , and 28 allomones , 43 pheromones , 21 kairomones have been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P . laevigata subsp . angustifolia in Lampedusa Island is host to a community of visitors , and the possible ecological role of the volatiles found is briefly discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P21 - activated kinase 4 ( PAK4 ) is required for metaphase spindle positioning and anchoring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oncogenic kinase PAK4 was recently found to be involved in the regulation of the G1 phase and the G2 / M transition of the cell cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also identified that PAK4 regulates Ran GTPase activity during mitosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that after entering mitosis , PAK4 - depleted cells maintain a prolonged metaphase - like state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these cells , chromosome congression to the metaphase plate occurs with normal kinetics but is followed by an extended period during which membrane blebbing and spindle rotation are observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These bipolar PAK4 - depleted metaphase - like spindles have a defective astral microtubule ( MT ) network and are not centered in the cell but are in close contact with the cell cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the metaphase - like state persists , centrosome fragmentation occurs , chromosomes scatter from the metaphase plate and move toward the spindle poles with an active spindle assembly checkpoint , a phenotype that is reminiscent of cohesion fatigue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAK4 also regulates the acto - myosin cytoskeleton and we report that PAK4 depletion results in the induction of cortical membrane blebbing during prometaphase arrest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we show that membrane blebs , which are strongly enriched in phospho - cofilin , are not responsible for the poor anchoring of the spindle .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As PAK4 depletion interferes with the localization of components of the dynein / dynactin complexes at the kinetochores and on the astral MTs , we propose that loss of PAK4 could induce a change in the activities of motor proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the toxicity , psychotropic side effects and anxiolytic potential of an Echinacea angustifolia extract that produced promising effects in laboratory tests performed earlier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were studied in the elevated plus - maze , conditioned fear , open - field , object recognition and conditioned place preference tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity was studied in rats after intragastric administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preparation decreased anxiety in the elevated plus - maze and ameliorated contextual conditioned fear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No lethality or behavioural signs of discomfort were noticed in rats treated with 1000 and 3000 mg / kg Echinacea angustifolia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extract was without effect in tests of locomotion ( open - field ) , memory ( object recognition ) and rewarding potential ( conditioned place preference ) within a wide dose range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pharmacological formulation based on the same E . angustifolia extract was tested in human subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One or two tablets per day were administered for 1 week to healthy volunteers scoring high on the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tablets contained 20 mg of the plant extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were collected using a structured self - assessment diary technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high dose ( 2 tablets per day ) decreased STAI scores within 3 days in human subjects , an effect that remained stable for the duration of the treatment ( 7 days ) and for the 2 weeks that followed treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lower dose ( 1 tablet per day ) did not affect anxiety significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitrypanosomal properties of Panax ginseng C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meyer : new possibilities for a remarkable traditional drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "African trypanosomiasis is still a major health problem in many sub - Saharan countries in Africa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the effects of three preparations of Panax ginseng , Panax notoginseng , isolated ginsenosides , and the polyacetylene panaxynol on Trypanosoma brucei brucei and the human cancer cell line HeLa .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "polyacetylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "panaxynol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hexane extracts and the pure panaxynol were toxic and at the same time highly selective against T .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "panaxynol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b . brucei , whereas methanol extracts and 12 isolated ginsenosides were significantly less toxic and showed only weak selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panaxynol was cytotoxic against T .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panaxynol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b . brucei at the concentration of 0 . 01 micro g / mL with a selectivity index of 858 , superior even to established antitrypanosomal drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that the inhibition of trypanothione reductase , which is only found in trypanosomes , might explain the observed selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "trypanothione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high selectivity together with a cytotoxic concentration in the range of the bioavailability makes panaxynol and other polyacetylenes in general very promising lead compounds for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "panaxynol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "polyacetylenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgenic and spermatogenic activity of alkylamide - rich ethanol solution extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum DC .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anacyclus pyrethrum ( A . pyrethrum ) has been used as Vajikaran Rasayana ( aphrodisiac ) in traditional Indian ayurvedic medicine to treat male sexual dysfunction , including infertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aphrodisiac activity may be due to an increase in the production or effect of androgens , so this study sought to evaluate the androgenic and spermatogenic potential of the alkylamide - rich ethanol solution extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "alkylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar strain rats weighing between 150 and 180 g were completely randomized divided into five groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ethanol solution extract of A . pyrethrum was administered to groups of rats in 50 , 100 , and 150 mg / kg doses for a period of 28 days , and the action was compared with control and testosterone - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen N - alkylamides were detected in the extract by using HPLC / UV / electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - alkylamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extract administration at all the doses produced significant increase in body weight , sperm count , motility , and viability along with serum testosterone , luteinizing hormone , and follicle - stimulating hormone concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histoarchitecture of testis revealed increased spermatogenic activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seminal fructose content was also significantly increased after 28 days of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that the ethanol solution extract of the roots of A . pyrethrum has androgenic potential and may improve male fertility by enhancing spermatogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eIF4F suppression in breast cancer affects maintenance and progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E ( eIF4E ) are frequently elevated in human cancers and in some instances have been associated with poor prognosis and outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we utilize transgenic and allograft breast cancer models to demonstrate that increased mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) signalling can be a significant contributor to breast cancer progression in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppressing mTOR activity , as well as levels and activity of the downstream translation regulators , eIF4E and eIF4A , delayed breast cancer progression , onset of associated pulmonary metastasis in vivo and breast cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Translation of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , matrix metallopeptidase 9 ( MMP9 ) and cyclin D1 mRNAs , which encode products associated with the metastatic phenotype , is inhibited upon eIF4E suppression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that the mTOR / eIF4F axis is an important contributor to tumor maintenance and progression programs in breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting this pathway may be of therapeutic benefit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actions of Xanthurenic acid , a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist , on sensory transmission in the thalamus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthurenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthurenic acid ( XA ) , a molecule arising from tryptophan metabolism by transamination of 3 - hydroxykynurenine , has recently been identified as an endogenous Group II ( mGlu2 and mGlu3 ) metabotropic glutamate ( mGlu ) receptor ligand in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthurenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxykynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 114]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impairments in Group II mGlu receptor expression and function have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia , as have multiple steps in the kynurenine metabolism pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "kynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we examined XA in vivo to further investigate its potential as a Group II mGlu receptor ligand using a preparation that has been previously demonstrated to efficiently reveal the action of other Group II mGlu receptor ligands in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular single - neurone recordings were made in the rat ventrobasal thalamus ( VB ) in conjunction with iontophoresis of agonists , an antagonist and a positive allosteric modulator and / or intravenous ( i . v . ) injection of XA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found the XA effect on sensory inhibition , when applied iontophoretically and i . v . , was similar to that of other Group II mGlu receptor agonists in reducing inhibition evoked in the VB from the thalamic reticular nucleus upon physiological sensory stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we postulate that XA may be the first potential endogenous allosteric agonist ( termed ' endocoid ' ) for the mGlu receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the Group II receptors and kynurenine metabolism pathway have both been heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia , XA could play a pivotal role in antipsychotic research as this potential endocoid represents both a convergence within these two biological parameters and a novel class of Group II mGlu receptor ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "kynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sol - flame synthesis : a general strategy to decorate nanowires with metal oxide / noble metal nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hybrid structure of nanoparticle - decorated nanowires ( NP @ NW ) combines the merits of large specific surface areas for NPs and anisotropic properties for NWs and is a desirable structure for applications including batteries , dye - sensitized solar cells , photoelectrochemical water splitting , and catalysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report a novel sol - flame method to synthesize the NP @ NW hybrid structure with two unique characteristics : ( 1 ) large loading of NPs per NW with the morphology of NP chains fanning radially from the NW core and ( 2 ) intimate contact between NPs and NWs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both features are advantageous for the above applications that involve both surface reactions and charge transport processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the sol - flame method is simple and general , with which we have successfully decorated various NWs with binary / ternary metal oxide and even noble metal NPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unique aspects of the sol - flame method arise from the ultrafast heating rate and the high temperature of flame , which enables rapid solvent evaporation and combustion , and the combustion gaseous products blow out NPs as they nucleate , forming the NP chains around NWs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving oral absorption via drug - loaded nanocarriers : absorption mechanisms , intestinal models and rational fabrication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it is acknowledged that the main impediment of orally administered therapeutic agents is their extensive and changeable pre - systemic metabolism , low absorption and instability in harsh environment of the gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract are also main influential factors , resulting into inadequate and erratic drug bioavailability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome these shortcomings , nanotechnology has offered new promising strategies to prevent and treat a wide variety of diseases by employing different oral drug - carrier structures capable to enhance therapeutic effects and minimize the toxicity of healthy organs or cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review , in general , elucidates some considerable features of in vitro oral drug delivery in three different parts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first one summarizes the main challenges for oral drug delivery and available absorption mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second part embodies an in - depth discussion on the role of the intestinal absorption models used to predict permeability , cellular uptake or even toxicity of nanoparticles , resulting into the design of nanocarriers with optimum efficacy for oral delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third section of the literature is devoted , more particularly , to nanocarriers developed for oral absorption in the past few years , including the behavior of nanovehicles upon oral administration with respect to membrane permeability , retention properties and stability , as well as methods which may lengthen residence time in the GI environment or improve drug absorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut intestinal slices as in vitro tool for studies on drug metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of the intestine in drug metabolism has long been underestimated as a consequence of the technical difficulty to discern the role of the intestine from that of the liver in in vivo experiments and of the lack of in vitro models that are sufficiently viable and fully representing the physiology and anatomy of the intestine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently the precision - cut slice model , which is widely used for liver and kidney , was also adapted for the small and large intestine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review the application of precision - cut intestinal slices ( PCIS ) for research in drug metabolism and transport is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCIS can be prepared from animal and human tissues from all regions of the intestine allowing investigation of species differences and regional gradients of activities of metabolizing enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are viable for 8 - 24 h of incubation and show high activity of drug metabolizing enzymes , representative for the in vivo activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have been successfully used to study drug - drug interactions such as induction , inhibition and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes , transporters and nuclear factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover they appear to be a suitable model for studies on cold preservation of donor organs for transplantation , and allow exploring inter - organ interactions by co - incubation with precision - cut slices of other organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their application as model for drug - induced intestinal toxicity is still in its infancy but appears to be promising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCIS , prepared from human and animal tissues , represent a powerful translational model for drug metabolism , transport and toxicity studies and as such contributes to the reduction and replacement of animal experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical antiinflammatory activity of essential oil of Lippia sidoides cham : possible mechanism of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work reports the chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides ( EOLS ) and evaluation of the topical effect of EOLS and thymol against different irritant agents in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation , and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis identified the main constituents : thymol ( 84 . 9 % ) and p - cymene ( 5 . 33 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the mouse models of acute ear inflammation induced by croton oil , arachidonic acid , phenol or histamine , and chronic inflammation induced by croton oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The topical application of EOLS or thymol at a dose of 2 mg / ear significantly reduced ( p < 0 . 001 ) ear edema induced with arachidonic acid by 45 . 1 % and 47 . 4 % and reduced ear edema induced with phenol by 33 . 2 % ( p < 0 . 05 ) and 54 . 7 % ( p < 0 . 01 ) in acute ear edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 143]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a proinflammatory effect of EOLS and thymol was evidenced when it was applied for more than 1 day .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no statistical differences in antiedematogenic activity between EOLS and thymol .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the results indicate that thymol is the constituent responsible for the topical antiinflammatory activity of EOLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , these findings could justify the popular use of L . sidoides by alternative medicine , but chronic use has an inflammatory effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of synthetic peptides on the inflammatory response and their therapeutic potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , interest in small peptide molecules as potential drug candidates has revived .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , two series of synthetic peptides and their selective effects on the inflammatory response have been described , focusing on the intracellular pathways involved and on their therapeutic potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of F ( D ) LF ( D ) LF analogs has been synthesized , including either N - t - Boc or different N - ureido substituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - t - Boc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "N - ureido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free acid derivatives as they are good candidates as antiinflammatory drugs are able to antagonize the multiple neutrophil functions evoked by N - formyl - L - methionyl - L - leucyl - Lphenylalanine ( fMLF ) , i . e . chemotaxis , superoxide anion production and lysozyme release .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - formyl - L - methionyl - L - leucyl - Lphenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 203]}, {"entity": "fMLF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 210]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their methyl - ester derivatives are ineffective .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl - ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second series of peptides derives from the endogenous protein kinase C ( PKC ) inhibitor PKI55 , a 55 - amino acid protein , whose synthesis is induced by PKC activation , so that a feedback loop of inhibition is established .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro experiments showed that PKI55 inhibits recombinant PKC isoforms alpha , beta 1 , beta 2 , gamma , delta , zeta , ; to identify the minimal amino acid sequence of PKI55 protein maintaining the inhibitory effects on PKC , peptides derived from both C - and N - terminal sequences have been synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 226]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - terminal peptides 5 ( MLYKLHDVCRQLWFSC ) , 8 ( CRQLWFSC ) and 9 ( CRQLW ) , that in human neutrophils retain the inhibitory activity on PKC , decrease the chemotaxis , and , in mice , display anti - inflammatory and analgesic action , after both central and peripheral administration of very low doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the peptide 5 shows neuroprotective activity in a model of cerebral ischemia in vitro , favouring the recovery of synaptic function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest interesting possible therapeutic applications for these peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review on the development in the field of NIDDM based thiazolidinedione PPAR gamma agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidinedione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors gamma ( PPAR gamma ) are a class of ligand activated transcription factors with a prominent role in the regulation of metabolic processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work aims towards examining the functional and structural features that facilitate the binding of small molecules based on Thiazolidinedione pharmacophore to PPARs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiazolidinedione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intent of this article is to review all the reported thiazolidinediones and associated groups of PPAR gamma ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidinediones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new triterpenoid from the rhizomes of Nelumbo nucifera .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new triterpenoid , 2 alpha , 24 - diacetoxy - 3 beta - hydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ( 1 ) , was characterised from the rhizomes of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by spectroscopic and chemical methods along with four known compounds , hyptatic acid - A ( 2 alpha , 3 beta , 24 - trihydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ) ( 2 ) , maslinic acid ( 2 alpha , 3 beta - dihydroxyoleane - 12 - ene - 28 - oic acid ) , betulin and lupeol .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 24 - diacetoxy - 3 beta - hydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 95]}, {"entity": "hyptatic acid - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 256]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta , 24 - trihydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 324]}, {"entity": "maslinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [335, 348]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta - dihydroxyoleane - 12 - ene - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [351, 412]}, {"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [417, 424]}, {"entity": "lupeol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [429, 435]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasodilatory effects of cinnamic acid via the nitric oxide - cGMP - PKG pathway in rat thoracic aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cinnamic acid ( CA ) and its derivatives have a broad therapeutic spectrum that includes antimicrobial , antifungal , and antitumoral activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the vasodilative effect of CA has not been demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study characterizes the vasodilative activity and the mechanism of CA in rat thoracic aorta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vasomotion of aortic strips following CA treatment was measured in an organ bath system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , vascular strips and human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) were used in organ bath , Western blot , nitrite , and cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "cyclic guanosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 169]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA relaxed phenylephrine - precontracted aortic strips in an endothelium - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of the endothelium - intact aortic strips with N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester ( 10 ( - 4 ) M ) , 1 H - [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] - oxadiazolole - [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalin - 10 - one , ( 10 ( - 6 ) M ) and methylene blue ( 10 ( - 5 ) M ) inhibited CA - induced vasorelaxation .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 103]}, {"entity": "1 H - [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] - oxadiazolole - [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalin - 10 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 195]}, {"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA also increased the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide generation in a concentration - dependent manner in HUVECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , cGMP generation and cGMP - dependent protein kinase G ( PKG ) expression in aortic strips were increased by CA treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CA - induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by the PKG inhibitor KT5823 ( 0 . 3 mu M ) and the Ca ( 2 + ) - activated K ( + ) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium ( 10 ( - 3 ) M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "KT5823", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "tetraethylammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that CA exerts an endothelium - dependent vasodilation effect via the nitric oxide - cGMP - PKG - mediated pathway in rat thoracic aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of inflammation in epileptogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One compelling challenge in the therapy of epilepsy is to develop anti - epileptogenic drugs with an impact on the disease progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The search for novel targets has focused recently on brain inflammation since this phenomenon appears to be an integral part of the diseased hyperexcitable brain tissue from which spontaneous and recurrent seizures originate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the contribution of specific proinflammatory pathways to the mechanism of ictogenesis in epileptic tissue has been demonstrated in experimental models , the role of these pathways in epileptogenesis is still under evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We review the evidence conceptually supporting the involvement of brain inflammation and the associated blood - brain barrier damage in epileptogenesis , and describe the available pharmacological evidence where post - injury intervention with anti - inflammatory drugs has been attempted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our review will focus on three main inflammatory pathways , namely the IL - 1 receptor / Toll - like receptor signaling , COX - 2 and the TGF - beta signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms underlying neuronal - glia network dysfunctions induced by brain inflammation are also discussed , highlighting novel neuromodulatory effects of classical inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and prostaglandins .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in knowledge about a role of inflammation in disease progression , may prompt the use of specific anti - inflammatory drugs for developing disease - modifying treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ' New Targets and Approaches to the Treatment of Epilepsy ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of pyramidal cell output in the medial prefrontal cortex by mGluR5 interacting with CB1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) serves executive cognitive functions such as decision - making that are impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders and pain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed previously that amygdala - driven abnormal inhibition and decreased output of mPFC pyramidal cells contribute to pain - related impaired decision - making ( Ji et al . , 2010 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , modulating pyramidal output is desirable therapeutic goal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5 has emerged as a cognitive - enhancing strategy in neuropsychiatric disorders , but synaptic and cellular actions of mGluR5 in the mPFC remain to be determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study determined synaptic and cellular actions of mGluR5 to test the hypothesis that increasing mGluR5 function can enhance pyramidal cell output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole - cell voltage - and current - clamp recordings were made from visually identified pyramidal neurons in layer V of the mPFC in rat brain slices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the prototypical mGluR5 agonist CHPG and a positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) for mGluR5 ( VU0360172 ) increased synaptically evoked spiking ( E - S coupling ) in mPFC pyramidal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The facilitatory effects of CHPG and VU0360172 were inhibited by an mGluR5 antagonist ( MTEP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "MTEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CHPG , but not VU0360172 , increased neuronal excitability ( frequency - current [ F - I ] function ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VU0360172 , but not CHPG , increased evoked excitatory synaptic currents ( EPSCs ) and amplitude , but not frequency , of miniature EPSCs , indicating a postsynaptic action .", "entity": [{"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VU0360172 , but not CHPG , decreased evoked inhibitory synaptic currents ( IPSCs ) through an action that involved cannabinoid receptor CB1 , because a CB1 receptor antagonist ( AM281 ) blocked the inhibitory effect of VU0360172 on synaptic inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "AM281", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 183]}, {"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VU0360172 also increased and prolonged CB1 - mediated depolarization - induced suppression of synaptic inhibition ( DSI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of CB1 with ACEA decreased inhibitory transmission through a presynaptic mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that increasing mGluR5 function enhances mPFC output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect can be accomplished by increasing excitability with an orthosteric agonist ( CHPG ) or by increasing excitatory synaptic drive and CB1 - mediated presynaptic suppression of synaptic inhibition ( \" dis - inhibition \" ) with a PAM ( VU0360172 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "VU0360172", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , mGluR5 may be a useful target in conditions of impaired mPFC output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stratified medicine in psychiatry : a worrying example or new opportunity in the treatment of anxiety ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stratified medicine is a new term that figures highly in current MRC and NHS strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has developed from the earlier terms individualised or personalised medicine and refers to the use of genetic and / or endophenotypic measures to allow better targeting of treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best exemplar is HER2 positivity in breast cancer to determine the efficacy of Herceptin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trials of this anti - cancer drug were initially unpromising , but once the HER2 positive subgroup was identified it was found , in this subgroup only , to be highly effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is presumed that similar subgroups will be found for many common disorders not just cancers , and that these will lead to much better targeted treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such an advance may be necessary to develop new treatments in certain fields where the development of broad - spectrum / blockbuster treatments appears to have reached the end of the road ; a particular example of this is in psychiatry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we discuss this issue in relation to psychiatry using a new and interesting example of how genotyping might help rescue an apparently failed novel treatment in anxiety disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis reduced body weight and blood triglyceride in db / db Mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scutellaria baicalensis has been extensively employed for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia , atherosclerosis , hypertension , dysentery , inflammatory diseases , and the common cold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was performed to investigate the anti - obesity and anti - dyslipidemia effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts ( SBE ) in type 2 diabetic db / db mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male db / db mice were divided into three groups ( n = 5 ) and orally administrated vehicle ( control ) , SBE 10 , and 100 mg / kg body weight / day for 4 weeks everyday .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of SBE improves weight gain , hypertriglyceridemia , and hyperinsulinemia in db / db mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In obese db / db mice , SBE treatment also reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the livers of db / db mice , SBE promoted 5 ' AMP - activated protein kinase activity and restored metabolic process and insulin signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data demonstrate that SBE exerts potent anti - obesity and anti - hypertriglyceride effects suggesting its useful potential function as adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of weight gain and hypertriglyceridemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new lignan with anti - tumour activity from Polygonum perfoliatum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methanol extract of the tubers of Polygonum perfoliatum L . afforded a new lignan : 8 - oxo - pinoresinol ( 1 ) , and five known compounds 3 ' , 5 - dihydroxy - 3 , 4 ' , 5 ' , 7 - tetramethoxy - flavone ( 2 ) , catechin ( 3 ) , quercetin ( 4 ) , quercetin - 3 - O - beta - D - glucuronide ( 5 ) and rutin ( 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "lignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "8 - oxo - pinoresinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 109]}, {"entity": "3 ' , 5 - dihydroxy - 3 , 4 ' , 5 ' , 7 - tetramethoxy - flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 207]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 242]}, {"entity": "quercetin - 3 - O - beta - D - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 293]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were established by MS , one - and two - dimensional NMR experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against human mammary carcinoma ( Bcap - 37 ) , human colon carcinoma ( RKO ) , human hepatocellular carcinoma ( SMMC - 7721 ) , human prostate carcinoma ( PC3 ) and human erythroleukaemia ( K562 ) cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonic GABA ( A ) receptor - mediated signalling in temporal lobe epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tonic activation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors by extracellular GABA provides a powerful means of regulating neuronal excitability .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A consistent finding from studies that have used various models of temporal lobe epilepsy is that tonic GABAA receptor - mediated conductances are largely preserved in epileptic brain ( in contrast to synaptic inhibition which is often reduced ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonic inhibition is therefore an attractive target for antiepileptic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the network consequences of a commonly used approach to augment tonic GABAA receptor - mediated conductances by global manipulation of extracellular GABA are difficult to predict without understanding how epileptogenesis alters the pharmacology and GABA sensitivity of tonic inhibition , and how manipulation of tonic conductances modulates the output of individual neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we review the current literature on epilepsy - associated changes in tonic GABAA receptor - mediated signalling , and speculate about possible effects they have at the network level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabotropic glutamate 7 ( mGlu7 ) receptor : a target for medication development for the treatment of cocaine dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain glutamate has been shown to play an important role in reinstatement to drug seeking , a behavior considered to be of relevance to relapse to drug taking in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , glutamate receptors , in particular metabotropic glutamate ( mGlu ) receptors , have become important targets for medication development for the treatment of drug dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review article , we focus on the mGlu7 receptor subtype , and discuss recent findings with AMN082 , a selective mGlu7 receptor allosteric agonist , in animal models with relevance to drug dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic or local administration of AMN082 into the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) , a critical brain region involved in reward and drug dependence processes , inhibited the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine , heroin and ethanol , as assessed by the intravenous drug self - administration procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 225]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , AMN082 inhibited the reward - enhancing effects induced by cocaine , as assessed in the intracranial self - stimulation procedure , and cocaine - or cue - induced reinstatement of drug - seeking behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo microdialysis studies indicated that systemic or intra - NAc administration of AMN082 significantly decreased extracellular gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) and elevated extracellular glutamate , but had no effect on extracellular dopamine in the NAc , suggesting that a non - dopaminergic mechanism underlies the effects of AMN082 on the actions of cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 203]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 249]}, {"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [335, 341]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , data indicated that AMN082 - induced changes in glutamate were the net effect of two actions : one is the direct inhibition of glutamate release by activation of mGlu7 receptors on glutamatergic neurons ; another is the indirect increases of glutamate release mediated by decreases in GABA transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 200]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These increases in extracellular glutamate functionally antagonized cocaine - induced inhibition of NAc - ventral pallidum GABAergic neurotransmission , and therefore , the rewarding effects of cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "pallidum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , elevated extracellular glutamate activated presynaptic mGlu2 / 3 autoreceptors which in turn inhibited cocaine priming - or cue - induced enhancement of glutamate release and reinstatement of drug - seeking behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these findings suggest that the mGlu7 receptor is an important target for medication development for the treatment of drug dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMN082 or other mGlu7 receptor allosteric agonists may have potential as novel pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMN082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synergistic apoptotic interaction of panaxadiol and epigallocatechin gallate in human colorectal cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "panaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Panaxadiol ( PD ) is a purified sapogenin of ginseng saponins , which exhibits anticancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Panaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "sapogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) , a major catechin in green tea , is a strong botanical antioxidant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the possible synergistic anticancer effects of PD and EGCG on human colorectal cancer cells and explored the potential role of apoptosis in the synergistic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of selected compounds on HCT - 116 and SW - 480 human colorectal cancer cells were evaluated by a modified trichrome stain cell proliferation analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with PI / RNase or annexin V / PI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell growth was suppressed after treatment with PD ( 10 and 20 micro m ) for 48 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When PD ( 10 and 20 micro m ) was combined with EGCG ( 10 , 20 , and 30 micro m ) , significantly enhanced antiproliferative effects were observed in both cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining 20 micro m of PD with 20 and 30 micro m of EGCG significantly decreased S - phase fractions of cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the apoptotic assay , the combination of PD and EGCG significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells compared with PD alone ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synergistic apoptotic effects were also supported by docking analysis , which demonstrated that PD and EGCG bound in two different sites of the annexin V protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from this study suggested that apoptosis might play an important role in the EGCG - enhanced antiproliferative effects of PD on human colorectal cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPLC analysis of Stephania rotunda extracts and correlation with antiplasmodial activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stephania rotunda ( Menispermaceae ) , a creeper commonly found in the mountainous areas of Cambodia , has been mainly used for the treatment of fever and malaria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and antiplasmodial activity of different samples of S . rotunda and compare their antiplasmodial activity with their alkaloid content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen samples from different parts ( roots , stem , and tuber ) of S . rotunda were collected from four regions of Cambodia ( Battambang , Pailin , Siem Reap , and Kampot ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversed - phase HPLC was used to determine the content of three bioactive alkaloids ( cepharanthine , tetrahydropalmatine , and xylopinine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cepharanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 100]}, {"entity": "tetrahydropalmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 122]}, {"entity": "xylopinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These three alkaloids have been found in all samples from Battambang and Pailin ( samples I - IX ) , whereas only tetrahydropalmatine was present in samples from Siem Reap and Kampot ( samples X - XVI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahydropalmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyzed extracts were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity on W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , 13 extracts were significantly active with inhibitory concentration 50 ( IC ( 50 ) ) from 1 . 2 to 3 . 7 micro g / mL and 2 extracts were moderately active ( IC ( 50 ) = 6 . 1 and 10 micro g / mL , respectively ) , whereas sample XI was not active ( IC ( 50 ) = 19 . 6 micro g / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison between antiplasmodial activity and concentration of the three bioactive alkaloids in S . rotunda extracts has been realized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventive effects of North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) on diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginseng ( Araliaceae ) has multiple pharmacological actions because of its diverse phytochemical constituents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aims of the present study are to evaluate the preventive effects of North American ginseng on diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy and to delineate the underlying mechanisms of such effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models of both type 1 ( C57BL / 6 mice with streptozotocin - induced diabetes ) and type 2 diabetes ( db / db mice ) and age - matched and sex - matched controls were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alcoholic ginseng root ( 200 mg / kg body weight , daily oral gavage ) extract was administered to groups of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice for 2 or 4 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysmetabolic state in the diabetic mice was significantly improved by ginseng treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both the heart and retina of diabetic animals , ginseng treatment significantly prevented oxidative stress and diabetes - induced upregulations of extracellular matrix proteins and vasoactive factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginseng treatment in the diabetic animals resulted in enhancement of stroke volume , ejection fraction , cardiac output , and left ventricle pressure during systole and diastole and diminution of stroke work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mRNA expressions of atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic factor ( molecular markers for cardiac hypertrophy ) were significantly diminished in ginseng - treated diabetic mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that North American ginseng prevents the diabetes - induced retinal and cardiac biochemical and functional changes probably through inhibition of oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of food - drug interaction of guava leaf tea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guava leaf tea ( GLT ) contains guava leaf polyphenol ( Gvpp ) , which regulates the absorption of dietary carbohydrate from the intestines .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Borderline diabetics , who are at high risk of development of diabetes , take GLT to suppress a rapid increase of blood sugar level after meals .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , patients with diabetes in whom diabetic drugs or warfarin as a blood thinner are prescribed also take GLT with the expectation of glycemic control .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we studied whether GLT had potential for inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) and an influence on the action of warfarin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extract of guava leaf ( GvEx ) consists of carbohydrate and polyphenols , which are Gvpp , quercetin , and ellagic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "ellagic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These polyphenols , but not GvEx , showed a certain level of inhibition of human - cDNA - expressed CYPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a comparison of GLT and grapefruit juice , GLT showed weaker inhibition of CYP activities and of midazolam 1 ' - hydroxylation than grapefruit juice .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , neither liver weight nor CYP3A expression in the liver was changed in rats that received GvEx for 90 days compared with the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When rats were concomitantly treated with GLT and warfarin , the prolongation of clotting time of blood by warfarin was not influenced .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that GLT is unlikely to interact with drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new phenylethanoid glucoside from Plantago depressa Willd .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylethanoid glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical research of Plantago depressa Willd . led to one new phenylethanoid glucoside with alpha - L - rhamnosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucose structure , together with four known compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylethanoid glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "alpha - L - rhamnosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These five compounds ( 1 - 5 ) were isolated from the family Plantaginaceae for the first time ; the chemotaxonomic significance of cerebrosides was also discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebrosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical composition of essential oil from Calligonum polygonoides Linn .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil from air dried buds and roots of Calligonum polygonoides Linn . , has been extracted from dry steam distillation and analysed for chemical composition by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 27 and 10 compounds were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively , accounting for 68 . 42 % and 82 . 12 % total contents of the essential oils of buds and roots , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It contains a complex mixture of terpenoids , hydrocarbons , phenolic compounds , acid derivatives and ketones .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "ketones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main component of essential oil was ethyl homovanillate ( 11 . 79 % ) in buds and drimenol ( 29 . 42 % ) in roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl homovanillate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "drimenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of temperature and salinity on 17 - alpha - ethynylestradiol uptake and its relationship to oxygen consumption in the model euryhaline teleost ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 - alpha - ethynylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 72]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic estrogen 17 - alpha - ethynylestradiol ( EE2 ) , a component of birth control and hormone replacement therapy , is discharged into the environment via wastewater treatment plant ( WWTP ) effluents .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "17 - alpha - ethynylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 52]}, {"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study employed radiolabeled EE2 to examine impacts of temperature and salinity on EE2 uptake in male killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish were exposed to a nominal concentration of 100ng / L EE2 for 2h .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of EE2 uptake was constant over the 2h period .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen consumption rates ( MO ( 2 ) ) , whole body uptake rates , and tissue - specific EE2 distribution were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In killifish acclimated to 18 degrees C at 16ppt ( 50 % sea water ) , MO ( 2 ) and EE2 uptake were both lower after 24h exposure to 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C , and increased after 24h exposure to 26 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfer to fresh water ( FW ) for 24h lowered EE2 uptake rate , and long - term acclimation to fresh water reduced it by 70 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both long - term acclimation to 100 % sea water ( 32ppt ) and a 24h transfer to 100 % sea water also reduced EE2 uptake rate by 50 % relative to 16ppt .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue - specific accumulation of EE2 was highest ( 40 - 60 % of the total ) in the liver plus gall bladder across all exposures , and the vast majority of this was in the bile at 2h , regardless of temperature or salinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carcass was the next highest accumulator ( 30 - 40 % ) , followed by the gut ( 10 - 20 % ) with only small amounts in gill and spleen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Killifish chronically exposed ( 15 days ) to 100ng / L EE2 displayed no difference in EE2 uptake rate or tissue - specific distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drinking rate , measured with radiolabeled polyethylene glycol - 4000 , was about 25 times greater in 16ppt - acclimated killifish relative to FW - acclimated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol - 4000", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , drinking accounted for less than 30 % of gut accumulation , and therefore a negligible percentage of whole body EE2 uptake rates .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , there were strong positive relationships between EE2 uptake rates and MO ( 2 ) , suggesting similar uptake pathways of these lipophilic molecules across the gills .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data will be useful in developing a predictive model of how key environmental parameter variations ( salinity , temperature , dissolved oxygen ) affect EE2 uptake in estuarine fish , to determine optimal timing and location of WWTP discharges .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "EE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One new antitumour cassane - type diterpene from Caesalpinia crista .", "entity": [{"entity": "cassane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "diterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 alpha - acetoxy - 5 alpha , 7 beta - dihydroxycassa - 11 , 13 ( 15 ) - diene - 16 , 12 - lactone , a new cassane - type diterpene was isolated from Caesalpinia crista .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha - acetoxy - 5 alpha , 7 beta - dihydroxycassa - 11 , 13 ( 15 ) - diene - 16 , 12 - lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 98]}, {"entity": "cassane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "diterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of this compound was elucidated by analysis of NMR spectra , and the relative configuration was established by NOE experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new compound was evaluated for antitumour activity against T47D , DU145 and showed significant inhibitory activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MUC1 - C oncoprotein as a target in breast cancer : activation of signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucin 1 ( MUC1 ) is a heterodimeric protein formed by two subunits that is aberrantly overexpressed in human breast cancer and other cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Historically , much of the early work on MUC1 focused on the shed mucin subunit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , more recent studies have been directed at the transmembrane MUC1 - C - terminal subunit ( MUC1 - C ) that functions as an oncoprotein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MUC1 - C interacts with EGFR ( epidermal growth factor receptor ) , ErbB2 and other receptor tyrosine kinases at the cell membrane and contributes to activation of the PI3K <E232> AKT and mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase ( MEK ) <E232> extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MUC1 - C also localizes to the nucleus where it activates the Wnt / beta - catenin , signal transducer and activator of transcription ( STAT ) and NF ( nuclear factor ) - kappa B RelA pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings and the demonstration that MUC1 - C is a druggable target have provided the experimental basis for designing agents that block MUC1 - C function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , inhibitors of the MUC1 - C subunit have been developed that directly block its oncogenic function and induce death of breast cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these findings , a first - in - class MUC1 - C inhibitor has entered phase I evaluation as a potential agent for the treatment of patients with breast cancers who express this oncoprotein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Eudesmol induces JNK - dependent apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in HL60 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - eudesmol , a natural sesquiterpenol present in a variety of Chinese herbs , is known to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the molecular mechanisms of the effect of beta - eudesmol on human tumor cells are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report the cytotoxic effect of beta - eudesmol on the human leukemia HL60 cells and its molecular mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic effect of beta - eudesmol on HL60 cells was associated with apoptosis , which was characterized by the presence of DNA fragmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - eudesmol - induced apoptosis was accompanied by cleavage of caspase - 3 , caspase - 9 , and poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase ; downregulation of Bcl - 2 expression ; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria ; and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of c - Jun N - terminal kinases ( JNK ) mitogen - activated protein kinases was observed in beta - eudesmol - treated HL60 cells , and the inhibitor of JNK blocked the beta - eudesmol - induced apoptosis , downregulation of Bcl - 2 , and the loss of MMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that beta - eudesmol induces apoptosis in HL60 cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway , which is controlled through JNK signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - eudesmol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons , Ltd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new triterpenoid saponin from Glinus oppositifolius with alpha - glucosidase inhibitory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoid saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of alpha - glucosidase inhibitory activity led to the isolation of six triterpene saponins from the aerial parts of Glinus oppositifolius including one new and five known constituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the new saponin , glinoside C ( 1 ) , was established as 16 - O - ( beta - D - glucopyranosyl ) - 3 beta , 12 beta , 16 beta , 21 alpha , 22 - pentahydroxy hopane by extensive use of 1 - D , 2 - D NMR and mass spectral techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "glinoside C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "16 - O - ( beta - D - glucopyranosyl ) - 3 beta , 12 beta , 16 beta , 21 alpha , 22 - pentahydroxy hopane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other constituents identified were 3 - O - ( beta - D - xylopyranosyl ) - spergulagenin A ( 2 ) , spergulacin ( 3 ) , spergulin A ( 4 ) , spergulacin A ( 5 ) and spergulin B ( 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - O - ( beta - D - xylopyranosyl ) - spergulagenin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 93]}, {"entity": "spergulacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "spergulin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "spergulacin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "spergulin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 exhibited the greatest inhibition of the enzyme with IC50 of 127 +/- 30 micro M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetics study for the compound 1 demonstrated mixed type of inhibition ( Ki = 157 . 9 micro M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of PLGA nanoparticles formulation containing L - DOPA by applying the central composite design .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to prepare L - DOPA loaded poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide ) ( PLGA ) nanoparticles by a modified water - in - oil - in - water ( W ( 1 ) / O / W ( 2 ) ) emulsification solvent evaporation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 93]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A central composite design was applied for optimization of the formulation parameters and for studying the effects of three independent variables : PLGA concentration , polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) concentration and organic solvent removal rate on the particle size and the entrapment efficiency ( response variables ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 152]}, {"entity": "polyvinyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 186]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second - order models were obtained to adequately describe the influence of the independent variables on the selected responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of variance showed that the three independent variables had significant effects ( p < 0 . 05 ) on the responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results were in perfect accordance with the predictions estimated by the models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the desirability approach and overlay contour plots , the optimal preparation area can be highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the optimum values of the responses could be obtained at higher concentration of PLGA ( 5 % , w / v ) and PVA ( 6 % , w / v ) ; and faster organic solvent removal rate ( 700 rpm ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding particle size was 256 . 2 nm and the entrapment efficiency was 62 . 19 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR investigation confirmed that the L - DOPA and PLGA polymer maintained its backbone structure in the fabrication of nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scanning electron microscopic images of nanoparticles showed that all particles had spherical shape with porous outer skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggested that PLGA nanoparticles might represent a promising formulation for brain delivery of L - DOPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preparation of L - DOPA loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be optimized by the central composite design .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of early - life stress , on group III mGlu receptor levels in the rat hippocampus : effects of ketamine , electroconvulsive shock therapy and fluoxetine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glutamatergic system is increasingly being viewed as a promising target for the development of novel treatments for depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group III metabotropic glutamate ( mGlu ) receptors ( mGlu ( 4 , 7 ) and ( 8 ) receptors ) in particular are beginning to show promise in this respect .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains unclear how antidepressant medications modulate mGlu receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated the effects of three antidepressant treatments ( fluoxetine , ketamine and electroconvulsive shock therapy ( ECT ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist which possess a rapid antidepressant therapeutic profile and moreover is effective in cases of treatment - resistant depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ECT is also a therapeutic strategy possessing increased efficacy compared to conventional monoamine based therapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect these two highly efficacious treatments have on hippocampal group III mGlu receptors remains completely unexplored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To redress this deficit we investigated the effects these treatments and the prototypical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) fluoxetine would have on hippocampal group III mGlu receptor mRNA levels in na i ve Sprague - Dawley rats and rats which had undergone early - life stress in the form of the maternal separation ( MS ) procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found MS significantly reduced mGlu ( 4 ) receptor expression and fluoxetine reversed this MS induced change .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ECT and ketamine treatment significantly reduced mGlu ( 4 ) receptor expression in non - separated ( NS ) animals while having no effect in MS animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoxetine and ECT significantly increased mGlu ( 7 ) receptor expression in NS animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work demonstrates changes to mGlu ( 4 ) receptor expression may be a lasting molecular change which occurs due to early - life stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together our data shows there are selective changes to group III mGlu receptors under basal and early - life stress conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro biomonitoring of the genotoxic and oxidative potentials of two commonly eaten insects in southwestern Nigeria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the cytogenetic and oxidative effects of water soluble extracts of two commonly eaten insects , Zonocerus variegatus ( Orthoptera : Pyrgomorphidae ) and Oryctes boas ( Solanales : Solanaceae ) , in southwestern Nigeria were evaluated on cultured human blood cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracts were added to the cultures at various concentrations ( 0 - 2000 ppm ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests were used to find out the DNA and chromosomal damage potentials in vitro by aqueous insect extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the oxidative effects of these insect extracts , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and total oxidant status ( TOS ) levels were also measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated that these extracts did not show genotoxic effects at the tested concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the extracts caused dose - dependent alterations in both TAC and TOS levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the findings , it was concluded that the studied insects can be consumed safely , but it is necessary to consider the cellular damages that are likely to appear depending on the oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also suggest that this in vitro approach for oxidative and genotoxicity assessments may be useful to compare the potential health risks of edible insects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of diallyl sulfides and dipropyl sulfides in the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of garlic , Allium sativum L . , and Leek , Allium porrum L .", "entity": [{"entity": "diallyl sulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "dipropyl sulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils ( EOs ) obtained from fresh bulbs of garlic , Allium sativum L . , and leek , Allium porrum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Alliaceae ) , was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . sativum ( garlic ) EO showed a good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ( inhibition zone 14 . 8 mm ) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( inhibition zone 21 . 1 mm ) , and Escherichia coli ( inhibition zone 11 . 0 mm ) , whereas the EO of A . porrum ( leek ) had no antimicrobial activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main constituents of the garlic EO were diallyl monosulfide , diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) , diallyl trisulfide , and diallyl tetrasulfide .", "entity": [{"entity": "diallyl monosulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "diallyl disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "DADS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "diallyl trisulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 113]}, {"entity": "diallyl tetrasulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EO of A . porrum was characterized by the presence of dipropyl disulfide ( DPDS ) , dipropyl trisulfide , and dipropyl tetrasulfide .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipropyl disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "DPDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "dipropyl trisulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "dipropyl tetrasulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antimicrobial activities of the DADS and DPDS were also studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "DADS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "DPDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained suggest that the presence of the allyl group is fundamental for the antimicrobial activity of these sulfide derivatives when they are present in Allium or in other species ( DADS inhibition zone on S . aureus 15 . 9 mm , P . aeruginosa 21 . 9 mm , E . coli 11 . 4 mm ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "allyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "DADS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNA - 7 functions as an anti - metastatic microRNA in gastric cancer by targeting insulin - like growth factor - 1 receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastasis is a major clinical obstacle in the treatment of gastric cancer ( GC ) and it accounts for the majority of cancer - related mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs have recently emerged as regulators of metastasis by acting on multiple signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we found that miR - 7 is significantly downregulated in highly metastatic GC cell lines and metastatic tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both gain - of - function and loss - of - function experiments showed that increased miR - 7 expression significantly reduced GC cell migration and invasion , whereas decreased miR - 7 expression dramatically enhanced cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo metastasis assays also demonstrated that overexpression of miR - 7 markedly inhibited GC metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the insulin - like growth factor - 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) oncogene , which is often mutated or amplified in human cancers and functions as an important regulator of cell growth and tumor invasion , was identified as a direct target of miR - 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing of IGF1R using small interefering RNA ( siRNA ) recapitulated the anti - metastatic function of miR - 7 , whereas restoring the IGF1R expression attenuated the function of miR - 7 in GC cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found that suppression of Snail by miR - 7 , through targeting IGF1R , increased E - cadherin expression and partially reversed the epithelial - mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , analyses of miR - 7 and IGF1R levels in human primary GC with matched lymph node metastasis tissue arrays revealed that miR - 7 is inversely correlated with IGF1R expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study provides insight into the specific biological behavior of miR - 7 in EMT and tumor metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting this novel miR - 7 / IGF1R / Snail axis would be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block GC metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids and saponins from Zizyphus incurva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new flavonol triglycoside , myricetin - 3 - O - [ beta - xylopyranosyl - ( 1 - 2 ) - alpha - rhamnopyranoside ] - 4 ' - O - alpha - rhamnopyranoside , named as bayarin ( 1 ) , was isolated from the aerial parts of Zizyphus incurva Roxb .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonol triglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 27]}, {"entity": "myricetin - 3 - O - [ beta - xylopyranosyl - ( 1 - 2 ) - alpha - rhamnopyranoside ] - 4 ' - O - alpha - rhamnopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 150]}, {"entity": "bayarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Rhamnaceae ) along with eight known compounds : six flavonoids and two saponins .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid characterisation of flavonoids from Sophora alopecuroides L . by HPLC / DAD / ESI - MSn .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An HPLC / DAD / ESI - MSn method was established to characterise flavonoids in the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the flavonoids exhibited abundant [ M - H ] - ions , which triggered data - dependent multistage mass spectrometry fragmentations .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characteristic UV spectra were used to confirm flavonoid subtypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 22 flavonoids and two phenolic compounds were detected and identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five of them were identified by comparing with reference standards , and the others were characterised based on the retention behaviour , multistage fragmentation feature and UV absorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 19 compounds were reported from S . alopecuroides for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method accomplished rapid profiling of flavonoid constituents in S . alopecuroides L .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cAMP regulation of airway smooth muscle function .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agonists activating beta ( 2 ) - adrenoceptors ( beta ( 2 ) ARs ) on airway smooth muscle ( ASM ) are the drug of choice for rescue from acute bronchoconstriction in patients with both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the use of long - acting beta - agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids constitutes an important maintenance therapy for these diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Agonists are effective bronchodilators due primarily to their ability to antagonize ASM contraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presumed cellular mechanism of action involves the generation of intracellular cAMP , which in turn can activate the effector molecules cAMP - dependent protein kinase ( PKA ) and Epac .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other agents such as prostaglandin E ( 2 ) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors that also increase intracellular cAMP levels in ASM , can also antagonize ASM contraction , and inhibit other ASM functions including proliferation and migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , beta ( 2 ) ARs and cAMP are key players in combating the pathophysiology of airway narrowing and remodeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , limitations of beta - agonist therapy due to drug tachyphylaxis related to beta ( 2 ) AR desensitization , and recent findings regarding the manner in which beta ( 2 ) ARs and cAMP signal , have raised new and interesting questions about these well - studied molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we discuss current concepts regarding beta ( 2 ) ARs and cAMP in the regulation of ASM cell functions and their therapeutic roles in asthma and COPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anxiolytic - but not antidepressant - like activity of Lu AF21934 , a novel , selective positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu 4 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu AF21934", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies demonstrated that the Group III mGlu receptor - selective orthosteric agonist , LSP1 - 2111 produced anxiolytic - but not antidepressant - like effects upon peripheral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSP1 - 2111", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report the pharmacological actions of Lu AF21934 , a novel , selective , and brain - penetrant positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) of the mGlu ( 4 ) receptor in the stress - induced hyperthermia ( SIH ) , four - plate , marble - burying and Vogel ' s conflict tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu AF21934", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all models , except Vogel ' s conflict test , a dose - dependent anxiolytic - like effect was seen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - hyperthermic effect of Lu AF21934 ( 5 mg / kg ) in the SIH test was inhibited by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil ( 10 mg / kg ) and was not serotonin - dependent , as it persisted in serotonin - deficient mice and upon blockade of either 5 - HT ( 1A ) receptors by WAY100635 , or 5 - HT ( 2A / 2C ) receptors by ritanserin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu AF21934", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 178]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 221]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 273]}, {"entity": "WAY100635", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 303]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 315]}, {"entity": "ritanserin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the GABAergic system , but not the serotonergic system , is involved in the mechanism of the anxiolytic - like phenotype of Lu AF21934 in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu AF21934", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lu AF21934 did not produce antidepressant - like effects in the tail suspension test ( TST ) in mice ; however , it decreased the basal locomotor activity of mice that were not habituated to activity cages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lu AF21934", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraspecific variability of the essential oil of Calamintha nepeta subsp . nepeta from Southern Italy ( Apulia ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil of 46 spontaneous plants of Calamintha nepeta ( L . ) Savi subsp . nepeta growing wild in Sud , Italy ( Salento , Apulia ) , were investigated by GC / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - seven components were identified in the oil representing over the 98 % of the total oil composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four chemotypes were identified : piperitone oxide , piperitenone oxide , piperitone - menthone and pulegone .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperitone oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "piperitenone oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "piperitone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "menthone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "pulegone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening of venezuelan medicinal plant extracts for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are estimated to be more than 20 , 000 species of plants in Venezuela , of which more than 1500 are used for medicinal purposes by indigenous and local communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only a relatively small proportion of these have been evaluated in terms of their potential as antitumor agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we screened 308 extracts from 102 species for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against a panel of six tumor cell lines using a 24 - h sulphorhodamine B assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphorhodamine B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracts from Clavija lancifolia , Hamelia patens , Piper san - vicentense , Physalis cordata , Jacaranda copaia , Heliotropium indicum , and Annona squamosa were the most cytotoxic , whereas other extracts from Calotropis gigantea , Hyptis dilatata , Chromolaena odorata , Siparuna guianensis , Jacaranda obtusifolia , Tapirira guianensis , Xylopia aromatica , Protium heptaphyllum , and Piper arboreum showed the greatest cytostatic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results confirm previous reports on the cytotoxic activities of the abovementioned plants as well as prompting further studies on others such as C . lancifolia and H . dilatata that have not been so extensively studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction between mGluR1 and the calcium channel Cav 2 . 1 preserves coupling in the presence of long Homer proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluR1 and 5 ) are G protein coupled receptors that regulate neuronal activity in a number of ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the most well studied functions of group I mGluRs , such as initiation of multiple forms of mGluR - dependent long - term depression , require receptor localization near the post - synaptic density ( PSD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This localization is in turn dependent on the Homer family of scaffolding proteins which bind to a small motif on the distal C - termini of mGluR1 and 5 , localize the receptors near the PSD , strengthen coupling to post - synaptic effectors and simultaneously uncouple the mGluRs from extra - synaptic effectors such as voltage dependent ion channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here the selectivity of this uncoupling process was examined by testing the ability of Homer - 2b to uncouple mGluR1 from multiple voltage dependent calcium channels including Ca ( V2 . 2 ) ( N - type ) , Ca ( V3 . 2 ) ( T - type ) , and Ca ( V2 . 1 ) ( P / Q - type ) expressed in rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglion ( SCG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 178]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 207]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , only the mGluR1 - Ca ( V2 . 1 ) modulatory pathway was insensitive to Homer - 2b expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncoupling from this channel was achieved by co - expression of an mGluR1 C - terminal protein designed to disrupt a previously described direct interaction between these two proteins , suggesting that this interaction allows incorporation of Ca ( V2 . 1 ) into the mGluR1 / Homer signaling complex , thereby preserving modulation in the presence of scaffolding Homer proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological profiling of native group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in primary cortical neuronal cultures using a FLIPR .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group II metabotropic glutamate ( mGlu ) receptors comprised of the mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor subtypes have gained recognition in recent years as potential targets for psychiatric disorders , including anxiety and schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to studies already indicating which subtype mediates the anxiolytic and anti - psychotic effects observed in disease models , studies to help further define the preferred properties of selective group II mGlu receptor ligands will be essential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the in vitro properties of these ligands to their in vivo efficacy and tolerance profiles may help provide these additional insights .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed a relatively high - throughput native group II mGlu receptor functional assay to aid this characterisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have utilised dissociated primary cortical neuronal cultures , which after 7 days in vitro have formed functional synaptic connections and display periodic and spontaneous synchronised calcium ( Ca ( 2 + ) ) oscillations in response to intrinsic action potential bursts .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 195]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We herein demonstrate that in addition to non - selective group II mGlu receptor agonists , ( 2R , 4R ) - APDC , LY379268 and DCG - IV , a selective mGlu2 agonist , LY541850 , and mGlu2 positive allosteric modulators , BINA and CBiPES , inhibit the frequency of synchronised Ca ( 2 + ) oscillations in primary cultures of rat and mouse cortical neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 2R , 4R ) - APDC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "DCG - IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "LY541850", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of cultures from wild - type , mGlu2 ( - / - ) , mGlu3 ( - / - ) and mGlu2 / 3 ( - / - ) mice allowed us to further probe the contribution of mGlu2 and mGlu3 , and revealed LY541850 to be a partial mGlu2 agonist and a full mGlu3 antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY541850", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overnight pre - treatment of cultures with these ligands revealed a preferred desensitisation profile after treatment with a positive allosteric modulator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycine release is regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors sensitive to mGluR2 / 3 ligands and activated by N - acetylaspartylglutamate ( NAAG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "N - acetylaspartylglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 141]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluRs ) of group II modulating glycine exocytosis from glycinergic nerve endings of mouse spinal cord was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified synaptosomes were selectively prelabeled with [ ( 3 ) H ] glycine through the neuronal transporter GlyT2 and subsequently depolarized by superfusion with 12 mM KCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective mGluR2 / 3 agonist LY379268 inhibited the K ( + ) - evoked overflow of [ ( 3 ) H ] glycine in a concentration - dependent manner ( EC ( 50 ) about 0 . 2 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of LY379268 was prevented by the selective mGluR2 / 3 antagonist LY341495 ( IC ( 50 ) about 1 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "LY341495", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - acetylaspartylglutamate ( NAAG ) inhibited [ ( 3 ) H ] glycine overflow with extraordinary potency ( EC ( 50 ) about 50 fmol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetylaspartylglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , glutamate was ineffective up to 0 . 1 nM , excluding that glutamate contamination of commercial NAAG samples is responsible for the reported activity of NAAG at mGluR3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LY341495 antagonized the NAAG inhibition of [ ( 3 ) H ] glycine release .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY341495", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of a combination of maximally effective concentrations of LY379268 and NAAG exhibited no additivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non - hydrolysable NAAG analogue N - acetylaspartyl - beta - linked glutamate ( beta - NAAG ) antagonized NAAG and LY379268 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "N - acetylaspartyl - beta - linked glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 81]}, {"entity": "beta - NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our results show that glycinergic nerve endings in spinal cord are endowed with group II mGluRs mediating inhibition of glycine exocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAAG can activate these presynaptic receptors with extremely high affinity and with characteristics compatible with the reported mGluR3 pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuation of methamphetamine seeking by the mGluR2 / 3 agonist LY379268 in rats with histories of restricted and escalated self - administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent findings implicate group II metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluR ( 2 / 3 ) ) in the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants and have identified these receptors as potential treatment targets for drug addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the effects of mGluR ( 2 / 3 ) stimulation on cue - and drug - primed reinstatement in rats with different histories of methamphetamine ( METH ) self - administration training , under two conditions : 16 daily sessions of short access ( 90 min / day , ShA ) , or 8 daily sessions of short access followed by 8 sessions of long access ( 6 h / day , LgA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 158]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following self - administration and subsequent extinction training , rats were pretreated with the selective mGluR ( 2 / 3 ) agonist LY379268 ( variable dose , 0 - 3 mg / kg ) , exposed to METH - paired cues or a priming injection of METH ( 1 mg / kg ) , and tested for reinstatement of METH - seeking behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 238]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LgA rats self - administered greater amounts of METH during the second half of training , but when pretreated with vehicle , ShA and LgA rats showed cue - and drug - primed reinstatement at equivalent response rates .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , LgA rats demonstrated greater sensitivity to mGluR ( 2 / 3 ) stimulation with attenuated responding during cue - induced reinstatement after 0 . 3 mg / kg and higher doses of LY379268 , whereas ShA rats decreased cue - induced reinstatement behavior following 1 . 0 mg / kg and 3 . 0 mg / kg LY379268 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}, {"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , both LgA and ShA rats exhibited decreased METH - primed reinstatement behavior following 0 . 3 mg / kg and higher doses of LY379268 .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A separate group of control rats was trained to self - administer sucrose pellets , and demonstrated attenuated cue - induced sucrose - seeking behavior following 1 . 0 and 3 . 0 mg / kg LY379268 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , the results indicate that LY379268 has differential attenuating effects on cue - induced reinstatement behavior in rats with different histories of METH intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "LY379268", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stathmin 1 is a potential novel oncogene in melanoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous studies , we demonstrated that miR - 193b expression is reduced in melanoma relative to benign nevi , and also that miR - 193b represses cyclin D1 and Mcl - 1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggested that stathmin 1 ( STMN1 ) might be a target of miR - 193b .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STMN1 normally regulates microtubule dynamics either by sequestering free tubulin heterodimers or by promoting microtubule catastrophe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased expression of STMN1 has been observed in a variety of human malignancies , but its association with melanoma is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now report that STMN1 is upregulated during the progression of melanoma relative to benign nevi , and that STMN1 is directly regulated by miR - 193b .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using an experimental cell culture approach , overexpression of miR - 193b using synthetic microRNAs repressed STMN1 expression , whereas inhibition of miR - 193b with anti - miR oligos increased STMN1 expression in melanoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR - 193b directly regulates STMN1 by targeting the 3 ' - untranslated region of STMN1 mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further demonstrated that STMN1 is overexpressed in malignant melanoma compared with nevi in two independent melanoma cohorts , and that its level is inversely correlated with miR - 193b expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , STMN1 expression was not significantly associated with patient survival , Breslow depth , mitotic count or patient age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STMN1 knockdown by small - interfering RNA in melanoma cells drastically repressed cell proliferation and migration potential , whereas ectopic expression of STMN1 using lentivirus increased cell proliferation and migration rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent gene expression analysis indicated that interconnected cytoskeletal networks are directly affected following STMN1 knockdown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we identified deregulated genes associated with proliferation and migration , and revealed that p21 ( Cip1 / Waf1 ) and p27 ( Kip ) could be downstream effectors of STMN1 signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our study suggests that downregulation of miR - 193b may contribute to increased STMN1 expression in melanoma , which consequently promotes migration and proliferation of tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The p44 / wdr77 - dependent cellular proliferation process during lung development is reactivated in lung cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During lung development , cells proliferate for a defined length of time before they begin to differentiate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors that control this proliferative process and how this growth process is related to lung cancer are currently unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found that the WD40 - containing protein ( p44 / wdr77 ) was expressed in growing epithelial cells at the early stages of lung development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , p44 / wdr77 expression was diminished in fully differentiated epithelial cells in the adult lung .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of p44 / wdr77 gene expression led to cell growth arrest and differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Re - expression of p44 / wdr77 caused terminally differentiated cells to re - enter the cell cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that p44 / wdr77 is essential and sufficient for proliferation of lung epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P44 / Wdr77 was re - expressed in lung cancer , and silencing p44 / wdr77 expression strongly inhibited growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells in tissue culture and abolished growth of lung adenocarcinoma tumor xenografts in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth arrest induced by loss of p44 / wdr77 expression was partially through the p21 - Rb signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that p44 / wdr77 controls cellular proliferation during lung development , and this growth process is reactivated during lung tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new phenolic glycosides from Inula cappa DC .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new phenolic glycosides were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Inula cappa DC .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 27]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were defined as 4 - [ ( 6 - O - ( E ) - caffeoyl ) - beta - D - glucopyranosyl ] vanillic acid ( 1 ) and 3 - O - [ beta - D - apiofurarnosyl - ( 1 - 6 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoxy ] - 6 - hydroxy - p - cymene ( 2 ) on the basis of spectral analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - [ ( 6 - O - ( E ) - caffeoyl ) - beta - D - glucopyranosyl ] vanillic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 111]}, {"entity": "3 - O - [ beta - D - apiofurarnosyl - ( 1 - 6 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoxy ] - 6 - hydroxy - p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro characterization of organophosphorus compound hydrolysis by native and recombinant human prolidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human prolidase is a binuclear metalloenzyme , which can potentially function as a catalytic bioscavenger for organophosphorus ( OP ) nerve agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the biochemical properties of native prolidase purified from human erythrocytes , liver , kidney , and fibroblast cells are well known , it is very poorly characterized with regard to its OP hydrolyzing activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the high cost of purification of large quantities of native enzyme limits its use as a bioscavenger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , recombinant human prolidase with similar biochemical properties to those of native enzyme would be more suitable as a catalytic bioscavenger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we established an Escherichia coli expression system , which produced a large amount of tagged human liver prolidase that was purified to over 95 % purity from the soluble fraction of cell lysate by affinity chromatography on Streptavidin - agarose resin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catalytic properties of the recombinant enzyme were compared in vitro with those of highly purified prolidase I isolated from human erythrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catalytic properties of recombinant prolidase overlap with those of the erythrocyte - derived native enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both enzymes efficiently hydrolyzed diisopropylfluorophosphate , sarin , soman , tabun and cyclosarin , but were much less efficient at hydrolyzing paraoxon and methyl paraoxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "diisopropylfluorophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 62]}, {"entity": "sarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "soman", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "methyl paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that human prolidase expressed in E . coli is suitable for further development as a catalytic bioscavenger for OP nerve agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical study of the pH - dependent antioxidant properties of vitamin C .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecules acting as antioxidants capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) are of utmost importance in the living cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin C is known to be one of these molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we have analyzed the reactivity of vitamin C toward the [ Formula : see text ] and [ Formula : see text ] ROS species , in all acidic , neutral and basic media .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to do so , density functional theory ( DFT ) have been used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More concretely , the meta - GGA functional MPW1B95 have been used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two reaction types have been studied in each case : addition to the ring atoms , and hydrogen / proton abstraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that [ Formula : see text ] is the most reactive species , while [ Formula : see text ] displays low reactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all three media , vitamin C reactions with two hydroxyl radicals show a wide variety of possible products .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooperation between p53 and the telomere - protecting shelterin component Pot1a in endometrial carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II endometrial cancer ( EMCA ) represents only 10 % of all EMCAs , but accounts for 40 % of EMCA - related mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies of human tumors have shown an association between Type II tumors and damaged telomeres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that the lack of murine Type II EMCA models is due to the extremely long telomeres in laboratory mouse strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously showed that telomerase - null mice with critically short telomeres developed endometrial lesions histologically resembling endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma ( EIC ) , the accepted precursor for Type II EMCA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these mice did not develop invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma , and instead succumbed prematurely to multi - organ failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we modeled critical telomere attrition by conditionally inactivating Pot1a , a component of the shelterin complex that stabilizes telomeres , within endometrial epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of Pot1a by itself did not stimulate endometrial carcinogenesis , and did not result in detectable DNA damage or apoptosis in endometrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , simultaneous inactivation of Pot1a and p53 resulted in EIC - like lesions by 9 months indistinguishable from those seen in late generation telomerase - null mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These lesions progressed to invasive endometrial adenocarcinomas as early as 9 months of age with metastatic disease in 100 % of the animals by 15 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tumors were poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas with prominent nuclear atypia , resembling human Type II cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , these tumors were aneuploid with double - stranded DNA breaks and end - to - end telomere fusions and most were tetraploid or near - tetraploid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies lend further support to the hypothesis that telomeric instability has a critical role in Type II endometrial carcinogenesis and provides an intriguing in - vivo correlate to recent studies implicating telomere - dependent tetraploidization as an important mechanism in carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperinakin , a new anti - inflammatory phloroglucinol derivative from Hypericum nakamurai .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperinakin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "phloroglucinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical investigation of Hypericum nakamurai ( Masamune ) Robson has led to the isolation of three phloroglucinol derivatives 1 - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phloroglucinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these compounds were determined by the analysis of their spectroscopic data ( IR , mass and UV ) , and by the application of 1 - D and 2 - D - NMR techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperinakin ( 1 ) is a new compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperinakin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory activities of compounds 1 - 3 were also tested and evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A biogenetic pathway for compounds 1 - 3 was also proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent gene deletions and the evolution of adaptive cyanogenesis polymorphisms in white clover ( Trifolium repens L . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the molecular evolution of genes that underlie intraspecific polymorphisms can provide insights into the process of adaptive evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For adaptive polymorphisms characterized by gene presence / absence ( P / A ) variation , underlying loci commonly show signatures of long - term balancing selection , with gene - presence and gene - absence alleles maintained as two divergent lineages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the molecular evolution of two unlinked P / A polymorphisms that underlie a well - documented adaptive polymorphism for cyanogenesis ( hydrogen cyanide release with tissue damage ) in white clover .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen cyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cyanogenic and acyanogenic plants occur in this species , and the ecological forces that maintain this chemical defence polymorphism have been studied for several decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a sample of 65 plants , we investigated the molecular evolution of sequences flanking the two underlying cyanogenesis genes : Ac / ac ( controlling the presence / absence of cyanogenic glucosides ) and Li / li ( controlling the presence / absence of their hydrolysing enzyme , linamarase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyanogenic glucosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of genome walking , PCR assays , DNA sequence analysis and Southern blotting was used to test whether these adaptive P / A polymorphisms show evidence of long - term balancing selection , or whether gene - absence alleles have evolved repeatedly through independent deletion events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For both loci , we detect no signatures of balancing selection in the closest flanking genomic sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , we find evidence for variation in the size of the deletions characterizing gene - absence alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations strongly suggest that both of these polymorphisms have been evolving through recurrent gene deletions over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the genetic mechanisms that could account for this surprising pattern and the implications of these findings for mechanisms of rapid adaptive evolution in white clover .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of gene expression in human prostate cancer cells with artificially constructed promoters that are activated in response to ultrasound stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We chose promoters responsive to sonication in LNCap cells , a prostate cancer cell line , out of a library composed of DNA fragments constructed by linking the TATA box sequence to randomly combined cis - acting elements of transcription factors activated in response to radiation in prostate cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When a plasmid containing the luciferase gene under control of a promoter was transfected into LNCap cells and sonicated with 1 MHz ultrasound at 0 . 5 W / cm ( 2 ) , 10 % DF for 60s , 13 promoters showed more than 10 - fold enhancement compared with their counterparts without sonication 12h after sonication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As to their responsiveness to sonication , the best two promoters were then compared to clone 880 - 8 , a derivative from clone 880 that was created by random introduction of point mutations and was shown to have an improved response to X - ray irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then took clone 880 - 8 for further analyses since it showed the highest enhancement to sonication , though not statistically significant from the others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we employed a retrovirus vector and stably introduced the luciferase gene under control of clone 880 - 8 into LNCap cells to establish a cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the cell line was sonicated with 1 MHz ultrasound at 0 . 5 W / cm ( 2 ) , 10 % DF for 60s , luciferase expression was enhanced up to 14 . 8 - fold 12h after sonication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then established another cell line by replacing the luciferase gene with the fcy : : fur gene , a suicide gene , and when the cell line was sonicated with 1 MHz ultrasound at 0 . 5 W / cm ( 2 ) , 10 % DF for 60s , expression of the gene was enhanced , showing the maximum expression 12 - 24h after sonication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the cells were incubated in medium containing 5 - fluorocytosine , cell survival ratio decreased dose dependently with 5 - fluorocytosine only after sonication treatment , suggesting this promoter could be utilized for gene expression control with ultrasound .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorocytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorocytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic determinants of neuronal vulnerability to apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis is a common mode of cell death that contributes to neuronal loss associated with neurodegeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in chromosomal DNA are contributing factors dictating natural susceptibility of humans to disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the most common SNPs affecting neuronal vulnerability to apoptosis are reviewed in the context of neurological disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymorphic variants in genes encoding apoptotic proteins , either from the extrinsic ( FAS , TNF - alpha , CASP8 ) or the intrinsic ( BAX , BCL2 , CASP3 , CASP9 ) pathways could be highly valuable in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the Arg72Pro SNP in TP53 , the gene encoding tumor suppressor p53 , was recently revealed a biomarker of poor prognosis in stroke due to its ability to modulate neuronal apoptotic death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Search for new SNPs responsible for genetic variability to apoptosis will ensure the implementation of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools , as well as therapeutic strategies against neurological diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissolved gas and ultrasonic cavitation - - a review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physics and chemistry of nonlinearly oscillating acoustic cavitation bubbles are strongly influenced by the dissolved gas in the surrounding liquid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changing the gas alters among others the luminescence spectrum , and the radical production of the collapsing bubbles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overview of experiments with various gas types and concentration described in literature is given and is compared to mechanisms that lead to the observed changes in luminescence spectra and radical production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissolved gas type changes the bubble adiabatic ratio , thermal conductivity , and the liquid surface tension , and consequently the hot spot temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gas can also participate in chemical reactions , which can enhance radical production or luminescence of a cavitation bubble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this knowledge , the gas content in cavitation can be tailored to obtain the desired output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Towards an understanding and control of cavitation activity in 1 MHz ultrasound fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various industrial processes such as sonochemical processing and ultrasonic cleaning strongly rely on the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the occurrence of acoustic cavitation is incorporating a multitude of interdependent effects , the amount of cavitation activity in a vessel is strongly depending on the ultrasonic process conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore crucial to quantify cavitation activity as a function of the process parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 MHz , the active cavitation bubbles are so small that it is becoming difficult to observe them in a direct way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , another metrology based on secondary effects of acoustic cavitation is more suitable to study cavitation activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we present a detailed analysis of acoustic cavitation phenomena at 1 MHz ultrasound by means of time - resolved measurements of sonoluminescence , cavitation noise , and synchronized high - speed stroboscopic Schlieren imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that a correlation exists between sonoluminescence , and the ultraharmonic and broadband signals extracted from the cavitation noise spectra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The signals can be utilized to characterize different regimes of cavitation activity at different acoustic power densities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When cavitation activity sets on , the aforementioned signals correlate to fluctuations in the Schlieren contrast as well as the number of nucleated bubbles extracted from the Schlieren Images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This additionally proves that signals extracted from cavitation noise spectra truly represent a measure for cavitation activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclic behavior of cavitation activity is investigated and related to the evolution of the bubble populations in the ultrasonic tank .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that cavitation activity is strongly linked to the occurrence of fast - moving bubbles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The origin of this \" bubble streamers \" is investigated and their role in the initialization and propagation of cavitation activity throughout the sonicated liquid is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , it is shown that bubble activity can be stabilized and enhanced by the use of pulsed ultrasound by conserving and recycling active bubbles between subsequent pulsing cycles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of nicotinic enhancement of cognitive remediation training in schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are critically important predictors of long - term psychosocial outcome and are not significantly ameliorated by currently available medications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive remediation training has shown promise for alleviating cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia , but the clinical significance has often been limited by small effect sizes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approaches that achieve larger improvement involve time requirements that can be cost - prohibitive within the current clinical care system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mini - review evaluates the theoretical potential of a pharmacological enhancement strategy of cognitive remediation training with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "nAChR agonists can facilitate sensory processing , alertness , attention , learning and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While these effects may be too subtle and short - lasting to be of clinical relevance as a primary treatment of cognitive deficits , they constitute an ideal effects profile for enhancing training benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several mechanisms are described through which repeated coupling of cognitive training challenges with nAChR stimulation may enhance and accelerate cognitive remediation training effects , advancing such interventions into more effective and practicable treatments of some of the most debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' Cognitive Enhancers ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced mGlu5 - receptor dependent long - term depression at the Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse of congenitally learned helpless rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations of the glutamatergic system have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate the expression and function of mGlu5 receptors in an animal model for treatment - resistant depression we used rats bred for congenital learned helplessness ( cLH ) and the control strain , bred for resistance against inescapable stress , congenitally . not learned helpless rats ( cNLH ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of mGlu5 ( but not mGlu1a ) receptors in the hippocampus of cLH rats , as compared with control cNLH rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also examined mGlu1 / 5 receptor signaling by in vivo measurement of DHPG - stimulated polyphosphoinositides hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "polyphosphoinositides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of ( 3 ) H - inositolmonophosphate formation induced by i . c . v . injection of DHPG was enhanced by about 50 % in the hippocampus of cLH rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H - inositolmonophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 46]}, {"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondingly , DHPG - induced long - term depression ( LTD ) at Schaffer collateral / CA1 pyramidal cell synapses was amplified in hippocampal slices of cLH rats , whereas LTD induced by low frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals did not change .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , these effects were associated with decreased basal dendritic spine density of CA1 pyramidal cell in cLH rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data raise the attractive possibility that changes in the expression and function of mGlu5 receptors in the hippocampus might underlie the changes in synaptic plasticity associated with the depressive - like phenotype of cLH rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , chronic treatment of cLH rats with MPEP did not reverse learned helplessness , indicating that the enhanced mGlu5 receptor function is not the only player in the behavioral phenotype of this genetic model of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variant in the carboxyl - terminus of connexin 40 alters GAP junctions and increases risk for tetralogy of Fallot .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GJA5 gene ( MIM no . 121013 ) , localized at 1q21 . 1 , encodes for the cardiac gap junction protein connexin 40 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , copy number variants of chromosome 1q21 . 1 have been associated with variable phenotypes comprising congenital heart disease ( CHD ) , including isolated TOF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mice , the deletion of Gja5 can cause a variety of complex CHDs , in particular of the cardiac outflow tract , corresponding to TOF in many cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we screened for mutations in the GJA5 gene 178 unrelated probands with isolated TOF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A heterozygous nucleotide change ( c . 793C > T ) in exon 2 of the gene leading to the p . Pro265Ser variant at the carboxyl - terminus of the protein was found in two unrelated sporadic patients , one with classic anatomy and one with pulmonary atresia .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This GJA5 missense substitution was not observed in 1568 ethnically - matched control chromosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy revealed that cells expressing the mutant protein form sparse or no visible gap - junction plaques in the region of cell - cell contact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , analysis of the transfer of the gap junction permanent tracer lucifer yellow showed that cells expressing the mutant protein have a reduced rate of dye transfer compared with wild - type cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , use of a zebrafish model revealed that microinjection of the GJA5 - p . Pro265Ser mutant disrupts overall morphology of the heart tube in the 37 % ( 22 / 60 ) of embryos , compared with the 6 % ( 4 / 66 ) of the GJA5 wild - type - injected embryos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings implicate GJA5 gene as a novel susceptibility gene for TOF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A newly identified locus for benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy on chromosome 3q26 . 32 - 3q28 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy ( BAFME ) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by adult - onset cortical tremor or action myoclonus predominantly in the upper limbs , and generalized seizures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated a Thai BAFME family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical and electrophysiological studies revealed that 13 were affected with BAFME .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were a total of 24 individuals studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic analysis by genome - wide linkage study ( GWLS ) was performed using 400 microsatellite markers and excluded linkage of the previous BAFME loci , 8q23 . 3 - q24 . 1 , and 2p11 . 1 - q12 . 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GWLS showed that the disease - associated region in our Thai family was linked to a newly identified locus on chromosome 3q26 . 32 - 3q28 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This locus represents the fourth chromosomal region for BAFME .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonoluminescence quenching and cavitation bubble temperature measurements in an ionic liquid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison between the temperatures within imploding acoustic cavitation bubbles and the extent of sonoluminescence ( SL ) quenching by C ( 1 ) - C ( 5 ) aliphatic alcohols in 1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ( [ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ] , a well known imidazolium based room temperature ionic liquid ( RTIL ) ) , has been made at an ultrasound frequency of 213 kHz .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 174]}, {"entity": "1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium ethylsulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 224]}, {"entity": "[ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 250]}, {"entity": "imidazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temperatures obtained ranged from 3500 +/- 200K , in neat [ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ] , to about 3200 +/- 200K in RTIL - alcohol containing solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also found that the SL intensity decreased with increasing concentration ( up to 1M ) of the alcohols to a greater extent compared with the relative changes to the bubble temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the extent of the reduction in the bubble temperatures and the SL quenching were much smaller than those obtained in comparable aqueous solutions containing aliphatic alcohols .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible reasons for the differences in the observed trends between water / alcohol and [ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ] / alcohol systems under sonication at 213 kHz are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "[ EMIM ] [ EtSO ( 4 ) ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GABAergic activity in autism spectrum disorders : an investigation of cortical inhibition via transcranial magnetic stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mounting evidence suggests a possible role for gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) in the neuropathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) , but the extent of this impairment is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 72]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A non - invasive , in vivo measure of GABA involves transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS ) of the primary motor cortex to probe cortical inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals diagnosed with ASD ( high - functioning autism or Asperger ' s disorder ) ( n = 36 [ 28 male ] ; mean age : 26 . 00 years ) and a group of healthy individuals ( n = 34 [ 23 male ] ; mean age : 26 . 21 years ) ( matched for age , gender , and cognitive function ) were administered motor cortical TMS paradigms putatively measuring activity at GABAA and GABAB receptors ( i . e . , short and long interval paired pulse TMS , cortical silent period ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All cortical inhibition paradigms yielded no difference between ASD and control groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was , however , evidence for short interval cortical inhibition ( SICI ) deficits among those ASD participants who had experienced early language delay , suggesting that GABA may be implicated in an ASD subtype .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current findings do not support a broad role for GABA in the neuropathophysiology of ASD , but provide further indication that GABAA could be involved in ASD where there is a delay in language acquisition .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ' Neurodevelopmental Disorders ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological treatment of tic disorders and Tourette Syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review gives an overview of current pharmacological treatment options of tic disorders and Tourette Syndrome ( TS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a short summary on phenomenology , clinical course and comorbid conditions we review indications for pharmacological treatment in detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately , standardized and large enough drug trials in TS patients fulfilling evidence based medicine standards are still scarce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment decisions are often guided by individual needs and personal experience of treating clinicians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present recommendations for pharmacological tic treatment are therefore based on both scientific evidence and expert opinion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As first - line treatment of tics risperidone ( best evidence level for atypical antipsychotics ) or tiapride ( largest clinical experience in Europe and low rate of adverse reactions ) are recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "tiapride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aripiprazole ( still limited but promising data with low risk for adverse reactions ) and pimozide ( best evidence of the typical antipsychotics ) are agents of second choice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aripiprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "pimozide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In TS patients with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) atomoxetine , stimulants or clonidine should be considered , or , if tics are severe , a combination of stimulants and risperidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "atomoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When mild to moderate tics are associated with obsessive - compulsive symptoms , depression or anxiety sulpiride monotherapy can be helpful .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulpiride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In more severe cases the combination of risperidone and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor should be given .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , further studies , particularly randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled trials including larger and / or more homogenous patient groups over longer periods are urgently needed to enhance the scientific basis for drug treatment in tic disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive enhancement as a treatment for drug addictions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug addiction continues to be an important public health problem , with an estimated 22 . 6 million current illicit drug users in the United States alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For many addictions , including cocaine , methamphetamine , and marijuana addiction , there are no approved pharmacological treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral treatments are effective but effects vary widely across individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatments that are effective across multiple addictions are greatly needed , and accumulating evidence suggests that one such approach may be pharmacological or behavioral interventions that enhance executive inhibitory control in addicts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current evidence indicates that most forms of chronic drug use may be associated with significant cognitive impairments , especially in attention , working memory , and response inhibition functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some studies , these impairments predict poor treatment retention and outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of cognitive enhancing agents , including galantamine , modafinil , atomoxetine , methylphenidate , and guanfacine , have shown promising findings in human studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "atomoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "guanfacine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific behavioral interventions , including cognitive remediation , also show promise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether improvement of selective cognitive functions reduces drug use behavior remains to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive enhancement to improve treatment outcomes is a novel strategy worthy of future research , as are related questions such as whether these approaches may be broadly beneficial to most addicts or best reserved for substance users with specific demonstrated cognitive impairments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pinosylvin Induces Cell Survival , Migration and Anti - Adhesiveness of Endothelial Cells via Nitric Oxide Production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Nitric Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pinosylvin is a phenolic compound mainly found in the Pinus species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the vascular functions of pinosylvin , we first examined both proliferation and apoptosis of bovine aortic endothelial cells ( BAECs ) in the presence of pinosylvin .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When BAECs were treated with pinosylvin , etoposide - or starvation - induced apoptosis was shown to be significantly reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - apoptotic effect of pinosylvin was mediated by inhibition of caspase - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , pinosylvin was shown to activate endothelial nitric oxide synthetase ( eNOS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 pM , pinosylvin appeared to have a cell - proliferative effect in the endothelial cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pinosylvin - induced cell proliferation was declined by treatment with L - NAME , an eNOS inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "L - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , we found that pinosylvin had a stimulatory effect on cell migration and tube formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These stimulatory effects suggest that pinosylvin is likely to act as a pro - angiogenic factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet another effect of pinosylvin was inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - induced THP - 1 cell adhesion to endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , we propose that pinosylvin may be utilized as a phytotherapic agent for the prevention of cardiovascular inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dihydroxy - Isosteviol Methyl Ester from Pulsatilla nigricans Induces Apoptosis in HeLa Cells : Its Cytoxicity and Interaction with Calf Thymus DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dihydroxy - Isosteviol Methyl Ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dihydroxy - isosteviol methyl ester ( DIME ) , the principal biological compound isolated from the medicinal plant Pulsatilla nigricans ( Fam : Ranunculaceae ) having the molecular formula of C21 H34 O3 ( molecular weight 334 . 25 ) , was administered to cervical cancer cells ( HeLa ) in vitro to evaluate its possible apoptotic ( anti - cancer ) potentials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dihydroxy - isosteviol methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "C21 H34 O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed the expression of p53 , Bax , Bcl2 , Apaf and caspase 3 signal proteins and analyzed the early apoptotic events in HeLa cells induced by DIME using protocols like Annexin V - FITC and PI staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DIME caused a significant decrease in cell viability , induced nuclear condensation and inter - nucleosomal DNA fragmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further studied the interaction of DIME with calf thymus DNA as target through circular - dichroism spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that DIME interacted with DNA , bringing indiscernible changes in structure and conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , DIME showed its capability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells , signifying its utility in drug design as a possible candidate for chemoprevention .", "entity": [{"entity": "DIME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide patterns of standing genetic variation in a marine population of three - spined sticklebacks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the end of the Pleistocene , the three - spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) has repeatedly colonized and adapted to various freshwater habitats probably originating from ancestral marine populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standing genetic variation and the underlying genomic architecture both have been speculated to contribute to recent adaptive radiations of sticklebacks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we expand on the current genomic resources of this fish by providing extensive genome - wide variation data from six individuals from a marine ( North Sea ) stickleback population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using next - generation sequencing and a combination of paired - end and mate - pair libraries , we detected a wide size range of genetic variation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the six individuals , we found more than 7 % of the genome is polymorphic , consisting of 2599111 SNPs , 233464 indels and structural variation ( SV ) ( > 50 bp ) such as 1054 copy - number variable regions ( deletions and duplications ) and 48 inversions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these polymorphisms affect gene and coding sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on SNP diversity , we determined outlier regions concordant with signatures expected under adaptive evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As some of these outliers overlap with pronounced regions of copy - number variation , we propose the consideration of such SV when analysing SNP data from re - sequencing approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further discuss the value of this resource on genome - wide variation for further investigation upon the relative contribution of standing variation on the parallel evolution of sticklebacks and the importance of the genomic architecture in adaptive radiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - based optimization of oxadiazole - based GSK - 3 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase - 3 ( GSK - 3 ) induces neuroprotective effects , e . g . decreases beta - amyloid production and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation , which are both associated with Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two isoforms of GSK - 3 in mammalians are GSK - 3 alpha and beta , which share 98 % homology in their catalytic domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated GSK - 3 inhibitors based on 2 different scaffolds in order to elucidate the demands of the ATP - binding pocket [ 1 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , the oxadiazole scaffold provided potent and selective GSK - 3 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the most potent inhibitor of the present series , the acetamide 26d , is characterized by an IC50 of 2 nM for GSK - 3 alpha and 17 nM for GSK - 3 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the benzodioxane 8g showed up to 27 - fold selectivity for GSK - 3 alpha over GSK - 3 beta , with an IC50 of 35 nM for GSK - 3 alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodioxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two GSK - 3 inhibitors were further profiled for efficacy and toxicity in the wild - type ( wt ) zebrafish embryo assay to evaluate simultaneously permeability and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual inhibitor of PDE7 and GSK - 3 - VP1 . 15 acts as antipsychotic and cognitive enhancer in C57BL / 6J mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive deficit is a core of schizophrenia and it is not effectively treated by the available antipsychotic drugs , hence new and more effective therapy is needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schizophrenia is considered as a pathway disorder where Disrupted - In - Schizophrenia - 1 ( DISC1 ) is important molecular player that regulates multiple cellular cascades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported synergistic action between phosphodiesterase - 4 ( PDE4 ) and glycogen synthase kinase - 3 ( GSK - 3 ) as DISC1 interacting proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study we characterized behavioural effects of a newly developed compound , VP1 . 15 that inhibits both PDE7 and GSK - 3 with main focus on its antipsychotic and cognitive capacities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VP1 . 15 reduced ambulation in C57BL / 6J mice in a dose - dependent manner ( 7 . 5 mg / kg and 3 mg / kg , respectively ) and , hence , lower dose was chosen for the further analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VP1 . 1 . 5 facilitated pre - pulse inhibition ( PPI ) , reversed amphetamine - but not MK - 801 - induced PPI deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug was able to ameliorate the disrupted latent inhibition ( LI ) induced by the increased number of conditioning trials and reversed amphetamine - induced LI deficit , supporting further its antipsychotic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug also significantly improved episodic memory in the spatial object recognition test , facilitated working memory in Y - maze and enhanced cued fear memory , but had no effect on executive function in the Puzzle box and contextual fear conditioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , VP1 . 15 elicited antipsychotic effects and also facilitated cognitive domains in mice , suggesting that multitarget drugs , affecting molecular substrates from the same pathway , perhaps could be antipsychotics of new - generation that open a new possibilities in drug discoveries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor THPP - 1 has antipsychotic - like effects in rat and improves cognition in rat and rhesus monkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphodiesterase 10A ( PDE10A ) is a novel target for the treatment of schizophrenia that may address multiple symptomatic domains associated with this disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PDE10A is highly expressed in the brain and functions to metabolically inactivate the important second messengers cAMP and cGMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe effects of a potent and orally bioavailable PDE10A inhibitor [ 2 - ( 6 - chloropyridin - 3 - yl ) - 4 - ( 2 - methoxyethoxy ) - 7 , 8 - dihydropyrido [ 4 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 6 ( 5H ) - yl ] ( imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyridin - 1 - yl ) methanone ] ( THPP - 1 ) on striatal signaling pathways , in behavioral tests that predict antipsychotic potential , and assays that measure episodic - like memory in rat and executive function in rhesus monkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 6 - chloropyridin - 3 - yl ) - 4 - ( 2 - methoxyethoxy ) - 7 , 8 - dihydropyrido [ 4 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 6 ( 5H ) - yl ] ( imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyridin - 1 - yl ) methanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 261]}, {"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THPP - 1 exhibits nanomolar potency on the PDE10A enzyme , demonstrates excellent pharmacokinetic properties in multiple preclinical animal species , and is selective for PDE10A over other PDE families of enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THPP - 1 significantly increased phosphorylation of proteins in the striatum involved in synaptic plasticity , including the a - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisoxazole - 4 - proprionic acid receptor ( AMPA ) GluR1 subunit , extracellular receptor kinase ( ERK ) , and cAMP - response element binding protein ( CREB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "a - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisoxazole - 4 - proprionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 192]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THPP - 1 produced dose - dependent effects in preclinical assays predictive of antipsychotic activity including attenuation of MK - 801 - induced psychomotor activation and condition avoidance responding in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At similar plasma exposures , THPP - 1 significantly increased object recognition memory in rat and attenuated a ketamine - induced deficit in the object retrieval detour task in rhesus monkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "THPP - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that PDE10A inhibitors have the potential to impact multiple symptomatic domains of schizophrenia including positive symptoms and cognitive impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quetiapine ameliorates stress - induced cognitive inflexibility in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidepressant action of quetiapine has been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , little is known about its effectiveness in the treatment of frontal - like cognitive disturbances that may be associated with stress - related disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the aim of the present study was to investigate whether quetiapine would prevent and / or reverse stress - induced cognitive impairments in a rat model of prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) - dependent attentional set - shifting task ( ASST ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because quetiapine augmentation to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) has recently been proven to be beneficial in neuropsychiatric disorders , a separate experiment was designed to assess the impact of combined administration of inactive doses of quetiapine and escitalopram on ASST performance in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 273]}, {"entity": "escitalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to our previous studies , 1 h daily exposure to restraint stress for 7 days significantly and specifically impaired extra - dimensional ( ED ) set - shifting ability of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quetiapine ( 2 . 5 mg / kg , PO ) given to rats prior to the restraint sessions completely prevented this stress - induced cognitive inflexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar effect was demonstrated after pretreatment with the alpha 1 - adrenoceptor antagonist , prazosin ( 1 mg / kg , IP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prazosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , acute administration of quetiapine before the test reversed set - shifting deficits in stressed rats ( 0 . 63 , 1 . 25 and 2 . 5 mg / kg , PO ) and improved ED performance of cognitively unimpaired control animals ( 1 . 25 and 2 . 5 mg / kg , PO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the combined administration of inactive doses of quetiapine ( 0 . 63 and 0 . 3 mg / kg in control and stressed rats , respectively ) and escitalopram ( 0 . 3 mg / kg , IP ) facilitated set - shifting performance in either control or stressed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "escitalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , quetiapine administration either prevented or reversed stress - induced cognitive inflexibility in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to promoting of set - shifting by itself , quetiapine also enhanced the procognitive efficacy of escitalopram .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "escitalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential contribution of the antagonism at alpha 1 - adrenoceptors to the mechanisms underlying the protective action of quetiapine requires further evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of frontal - like disturbances , particularly cognitive inflexibility , in stress - related psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified - release prednisone decreases complaints and fatigue compared to standard prednisolone in patients with adrenal insufficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with adrenal insufficiency ( AI ) receive first glucocorticoid replacement dose after waking , resulting in a 3 - 5 h delay compared to physiological secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired quality of life ( QoL ) and fatigue might be due to this delayed dose scheme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified - release glucocorticoid preparations might have therapeutic advantages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploratory pilot study including 14 patients with AI was conducted in a single university center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients on morning dose prednisolone ( 5 mg ) were included , switched to modified - release prednisone ( 5 mg ) at 10 PM for 3 months , and then switched back on standard prednisolone .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 standardized questionnaires ( GBB - 24 , MFI , and AddiQoL ) investigating complaints and fatigue were completed at baseline , after 3 , and 6 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data regarding clinical and hormonal parameters were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified - release prednisone showed significant improvement in one of 4 scales of GBB - 24 and positive trends to better scores in 3 of 4 scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The global score of discomfort improved significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MFI showed also significant improvement in 3 of 5 scales and positive trend to better scores in 2 scales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant changes to better scores were seen in 4 out of 30 items of the AddiQoL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified - release prednisone showed decreased complaints and fatigue compared to standard prednisolone indicating importance of glucocorticoid increase in early morning hours before waking .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactivity of Diosmetin Glycosides Isolated from the Epicarp of Date Fruits , Phoenix dactylifera , on the Biochemical Profile of Alloxan Diabetic Male Rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diosmetin Glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 35]}, {"entity": "Alloxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new natural flavonoid compounds - diosmetin 7 - O - beta - L - arabinofuranosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) beta - D - apiofuranoside ( 1 ) and diosmetin 7 - O - beta - D - apiofuranoside ( 2 ) - were isolated from the acetone extract of date fruits epicarp belonging to family Arecaceae ( Palmae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "diosmetin 7 - O - beta - L - arabinofuranosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) beta - D - apiofuranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 121]}, {"entity": "diosmetin 7 - O - beta - D - apiofuranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 175]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elucidation of their chemical structures was determined by different spectroscopic methods in addition to the chemical and physical methods of analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were assessed for their biological activity on alloxan diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dose of 1 . 5 ml of ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) suspensions / 100 gm b .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wt were orally administrated to alloxan diabetic rats for 30 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "alloxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of diabetic rats with these compounds resulted in marked improvement of the different biochemical results , i . e . the serum glucose level ( highly significant , from 330 + 5 . 5 mg / dL to 140 + 1 . 2 mg / dL ) treated with ( 1 ) ; liver functions markedly developed both by AST and ALT levels , ( reduced significantly from 68 . 3 + 4 . 8 mu / L to 54 + 5 . 5 mu / L and from 61 . 0 + 3 . 6 mu / L to 40 . 1 + 3 . 6 mu / L , respectively ) treated with ( 2 ) , accompanying with mild decrease in both cholesterol and triglycerides levels with ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [518, 529]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [534, 547]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decrease of TBARS level was observed in whole blood when treated with ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) , while levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were increased in liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum testosterone level was highly significantly increased ( from 705 . 1 + 3 . 6 mg / 100 ml to 720 + 4 . 7 mg / 100 ml ) , total acid phosphatase and prostate acid phosphatase activities were highly significantly decreased ( from 16 . 9 + 0 . 28 mu / L to 10 . 7 + 1 . 2 mu / L and from 9 . 7 + 0 . 7 mu / L to 6 . 5 + 1 mu / L , respectively ) for compound ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotype analysis of the 185delAG BRCA1 mutation in ethnically diverse populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 185delAG * BRCA1 mutation is encountered primarily in Jewish Ashkenazi and Iraqi individuals , and sporadically in non - Jews .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies estimated that this is a founder mutation in Jewish mutation carriers that arose before the dispersion of Jews in the Diaspora ~ 2500 years ago .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to assess the haplotype in ethnically diverse 185delAG * BRCA1 mutation carriers , and to estimate the age at which the mutation arose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethnically diverse Jewish and non - Jewish 185delAG * BRCA1 mutation carriers and their relatives were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers and three SNPs spanning 12 . 5 MB , encompassing the BRCA1 gene locus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimation of mutation age was based on a subset of 11 markers spanning a region of ~ 5 MB , using a previously developed algorithm applying the maximum likelihood method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 188 participants ( 154 carriers and 34 noncarriers ) from 115 families were included : Ashkenazi , Iraq , Kuchin - Indians , Syria , Turkey , Iran , Tunisia , Bulgaria , non - Jewish English , non - Jewish Malaysian , and Hispanics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotype analysis indicated that the 185delAG mutation arose 750 - 1500 years ago .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ashkenazim , it is a founder mutation that arose 61 generations ago , and with a small group of founder mutations was introduced into the Hispanic population ( conversos ) ~ 650 years ago , and into the Iraqi - Jewish community ~ 450 years ago .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 185delAG mutation in the non - Jewish populations in Malaysia and the UK arose at least twice independently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the 185delAG * BRCA1 mutation resides on a common haplotype among Ashkenazi Jews , and arose about 61 generations ago and arose independently at least twice in non - Jews .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of AMPK in pancreatic beta cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological activation of AMP activated kinase ( AMPK ) by metformin has proven to be a beneficial therapeutic approach for the treatment of type II diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite improved glucose regulation achieved by administration of small molecule activators of AMPK , the potential negative impact of enhanced AMPK activity on insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell is an important consideration .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we discuss our current understanding of the role of AMPK in central functions of the pancreatic beta cell , including glucose - stimulated insulin secretion ( GSIS ) , proliferation , and survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition we discuss the controversy surrounding the role of AMPK in insulin secretion , underscoring the merits and caveats of methods used to date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of cognitive function in models of brain disease through environmental enrichment and physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will provide an overview of the non - drug based approaches that have been demonstrated to enhance cognitive function of the compromised brain , primarily focussed on the two most widely adopted paradigms of environmental enrichment and enhanced physical exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental enrichment involves the generation of novelty and complexity in animal housing conditions which facilitates enhanced sensory and cognitive stimulation as well as physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a wide variety of animal models of brain disorders , environmental enrichment and exercise have been found to have beneficial effects , including cognitive enhancement , delayed disease onset , enhanced cellular plasticity and associated molecular processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential cellular and molecular mechanisms will also be discussed , which have relevance for the future development of ' enviromimetics ' , drugs which could mimic or enhance the beneficial effects of environmental stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human neuronal coenzyme Q10 deficiency results in global loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity , increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and reversal of ATP synthase activity : implications for pathogenesis and treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "coenzyme Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disorders of coenzyme Q ( 10 ) ( CoQ ( 10 ) ) biosynthesis represent the most treatable subgroup of mitochondrial diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "coenzyme Q ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurological involvement is frequently observed in CoQ ( 10 ) deficiency , typically presenting as cerebellar ataxia and / or seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aetiology of the neurological presentation of CoQ ( 10 ) deficiency has yet to be fully elucidated and therefore in order to investigate these phenomena we have established a neuronal cell model of CoQ ( 10 ) deficiency by treatment of neuronal SH - SY5Y cell line with para - aminobenzoic acid ( PABA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 212]}, {"entity": "para - aminobenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 298]}, {"entity": "PABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PABA is a competitive inhibitor of the CoQ ( 10 ) biosynthetic pathway enzyme , COQ2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PABA treatment ( 1 mM ) resulted in a 54 % decrease ( 46 % residual CoQ ( 10 ) ) decrease in neuronal CoQ ( 10 ) status ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of neuronal CoQ ( 10 ) status was accompanied by a progressive decrease in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities , with a 67 . 5 % decrease in cellular ATP production at 46 % residual CoQ ( 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial oxidative stress increased four - fold at 77 % and 46 % residual CoQ ( 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 40 % increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was detected at 46 % residual CoQ ( 10 ) with depolarisation following oligomycin treatment suggesting a reversal of complex V activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This neuronal cell model provides insights into the effects of CoQ ( 10 ) deficiency on neuronal mitochondrial function and oxidative stress , and will be an important tool to evaluate candidate therapies for neurological conditions associated with CoQ ( 10 ) deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "CoQ ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of potential Myt1 kinase inhibitors by TR - FRET based binding assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the human cell cycle , the Myt1 kinase is a crucial regulator of the G2 / M transition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because this membrane - associated kinase is hard to obtain and assay , there is a distinct lack of data so far .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the derivatization of a glycoglycerolipid which was shown previously to be active in a Myt1 activity assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were tested in a binding assay together with a set of common kinase inhibitors against a full - length Myt1 expressed in a human cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dasatinib exhibited nanomolar affinity whereas broad coverage inhibitors such as sunitinib and staurosporine derivatives did not show any effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dasatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sunitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "staurosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also carried out docking studies for the most potent compounds allowing further insights into the inhibitor interaction of this kinase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glycoglycerolipids showed no significant effects in the binding assay , endorsing the idea of a mechanism of action distant from the active site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine improves performance in an attentional set shifting task in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large number of studies in both humans and experimental animals have demonstrated nicotine - induced improvements in various aspects of cognitive function , including attention and memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) is thought to be critically involved in the modulation of executive function and these attentional processes are enhanced by nicotine acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of nicotinic processes on cognitive flexibility in particular has not been specifically investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of nicotine on attentional flexibility were therefore evaluated using the rodent attentional set shifting task in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine injected both acutely and following repeated pre - exposure significantly improved both intradimensional and extradimensional set shifting performance in the task .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further investigation of the acute effects of nicotine demonstrated this improvement in attentional flexibility to be dose - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results implicate the nicotinic receptor system in the mediation of processes underlying cognitive flexibility and suggest that nicotine improves attentional flexibility in rats , both within and between perceptual dimensions of a compound stimulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine - induced alterations in prefrontal circuitry may underlie these effects on cognitive flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - learning facilitates memory in mice : a new avenue in social neuroscience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Social context affects brain function but our understanding of its neurobiology is at an early stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mere presence of one individual can alter the cognitive capacities of another and social learning has been demonstrated in many species , including the mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We asked several questions : 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How can active engagement of two familiar mice in the same learning activity ( co - learning ) alter their memory ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under which environmental conditions ( aversive vs non - aversive ) can we expect the memory to be enhanced , impaired , or not affected ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can a genetic factor modify the co - learning effect on memory ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More specifically , can co - learning correct memory deficits in autistic - like BTBR inbred mice with deficient sociability ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated that pairs of familiar inbred mice of the same or different genotypes ( C57BL / 6J and BTBR ) that were habituated to new objects and their spatial location , had enhanced episodic memory in the spatial object recognition test , whereas individually - trained animals failed to solve this task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , the co - learning effect was genotype - dependent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BTBR mice paired with BTBR cage - mates in the habituation session modestly ameliorated their performance in the object recognition test but co - learning with a familiar C57BL / 6J mouse completely normalized episodic memory deficit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we explored the co - learning effect on fear memory in these inbred strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , mice of both genotypes displayed significantly enhanced contextual fear memory once they had been conditioned together with BTBR animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same influence of BTBR presence was observed on cued fear memory in C57BL / 6J mice , whereas a modest co - learning effect was found on cued fear conditioning in the BTBR strain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , we demonstrated for the first time the co - learning effect on cognitive capacities in mice , which can be modified by genetic background and environmental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible implications of this methodological approach in social neuroscience are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passive stiffness of airway smooth muscle : the next target for improving airway distensibility and treatment for asthma ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced airway distensibility due to increased airway stiffness is a characteristic of asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airway stiffness is determined by the property and structural organization of the various elements of the airway wall , and is often divided into active and passive components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active stiffness is thought to be associated with activation of muscle cells in the airway wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This component of stiffness can be inhibited when active force produced by the muscle is abolished .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passive stiffness , on the other hand , is thought to stem from non - muscle component of the airway wall , especially the collagen / elastin fibrous network of the extracellular matrix within which the muscle cells are embedded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this brief review , the notion that passive stiffness is exclusively extracellular in origin is challenged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of the passive stiffness of an in vitro preparation of tracheal smooth muscle is calcium sensitive and is regulated by Rho - kinase , although the underlying mechanism and the details of regulation for the development of this intracellular passive stiffness are still largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To reduce airway stiffness different lines of attack must be tailored to different components of the stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regulatable passive stiffness is distinct from the relatively permanent stiffness of the extracellular matrix and the stiffness associated with active muscle contraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To improve airway distensibility during asthma exacerbation , a comprehensive approach to reduce overall airway stiffness should therefore include a strategy for targeting the regulatable passive stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harmonization of description and classification of fetal observations : achievements and problems still unresolved : report of the 7th Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology Berlin , 4 - 6 May 2011 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article summarizes the 7th Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology held in Berlin , May 4 - 6 , 2011 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series of Berlin Workshops has been mainly concerned with the harmonization of terminology and classification of fetal anomalies in developmental toxicity studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main topics of the 7th Workshop were knowledge on the fate of anomalies after birth , use of Version 2 terminology for maternal - fetal observations and non - routinely used species , reclassification of \" grey zone \" anomalies and categorization of fetal observations for human health risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paucity of data on health consequences of the postnatal permanence of fetal anomalies is relevant and further studies are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Version 2 terminology is an important step forward and the terms listed in this glossary are considered also to be appropriate for most observations in non - routinely used species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuation of the Berlin Workshops was recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topics suggested for the next Workshop were grouping of fetal observations for reporting and statistical analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural anthocyanins from phytoresources and their chemical researches .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthocyanins are a class of naturally occurring polyphenols which have been most widely studied in recent decades for the rapid development of relative techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article first reviews the various anthocyanin resources including fruits , flowers , vegetables and beverages .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the direct extraction from natural resources , anthocyanins can also be obtained by semi - or total synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the introduction of new representative anthocyanins found in the past few years and the major relationships between structures and stability , modern separation and analysis technologies in related studies were summarised , which play an important role in chemical researches of anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classification of Aurora kinase inhibitors by self - organizing map ( SOM ) and support vector machine ( SVM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Aurora kinase family ( consisting of Aurora - A , - B and - C ) is an important group of enzymes that controls several aspects of cell division in mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , 512 compounds of Aurora - A and - B inhibitors were collected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were classified into three classes : dual Aurora - A and Aurora - B inhibitors , selective inhibitors of Aurora - A and selective inhibitors of Aurora - B by Self - Organizing Map ( SOM ) and Support Vector Machine ( SVM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prediction accuracies of the models ( based on the training / test set splitting using SOM method ) for the test set were 92 . 2 % for SOM1 and 93 . 8 % for SVM1 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the extended connectivity fingerprints ( ECFP _ 4 ) for all the molecules were calculated and structure - activity relationship of Aurora kinase inhibitors was summarized , which may be helpful to find the important structural features of inhibitors relating to the selectivity to Aurora kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in the basolateral amygdala - driven prefrontal cortical deactivation in inflammatory pain in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plastic changes in the amygdala and limbic cortex networks have been widely shown in chronic pain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have here investigated the role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluRs ) in the basolateral amygdala ( BLA ) pre - infra - limbic ( PL - IL ) divisions of the medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) neuron connections after carrageenan - induced inflammatory pain in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intra - plantar injection of carrageenan decreased either spontaneous or mechanically / electrically evoked activity of PL cortex pyramidal neurons which responded with excitation in a way prevented by CPCOOEt , a selective mGluR1 antagonist , though not by MPEP , a selective mGluR5 antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPCOOEt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "MPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , intra - BLA microinjection of DHPG , a group I mGluR agonist , caused PL cortex neuron activity depression , antagonized by CPCCOEt .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "CPCCOEt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CPCOOEt , but not MPEP , reduced also carrageenan - induced mechanical allodynia .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPCOOEt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "MPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PL cortex cell deactivation in inflammatory pain condition was associated with increased GABA ( conversely glutamate was decreased ) in the PL / IL cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local application of bicuculline , a GABA ( A ) receptor selective antagonist , reduced mechanical allodynia .", "entity": [{"entity": "bicuculline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An over - expression of mGluR1 , but not mGluR5 , have been observed in the PL - IL cortex after inflammatory pain suggesting an increased mGluR1 - dependent cross - talk among BLA and IL - PL cortex neurons in inflammatory pain conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging role of AMP - activated protein kinase in endocrine control of metabolism in the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the emerging role of AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) in mediating endocrine regulation of metabolic fluxes in the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are a number of hormones which , when acting on the liver , alter AMPK activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe those hormones associated with activation and de - activation of AMPK and the potential mechanisms for changes in AMPK activation state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actions of these hormones , in many cases , are consistent with downstream effects of AMPK signaling thus strengthening the circumstantial case for AMPK - mediated hormone action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , genetic mouse models have also been used in an attempt to establish the role of AMPK in hormone - stimulated metabolism in the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few experiments have , however , firmly established a causal relationship between hormone action at the liver and AMPK signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rectifying behavior of charge transfer complexes of tetrakis ( dimethylamino ) ethene with acceptor molecules : a theoretical study .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrakis ( dimethylamino ) ethene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of electric field induced electron transfer on the rectification properties of molecular rectifiers based on charge transfer complexes of tetrakis ( dimethylamino ) ethane ( TDAE ) with acceptor molecules was explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrakis ( dimethylamino ) ethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 182]}, {"entity": "TDAE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current - voltage curves and the rectification ratios ( RR ) for two different molecular rectifiers were obtained using a direct ab initio method at M06 / LACVP ( d ) level of theory in the range from - 2 to + 2 V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest RR of 25 . 7 was determined for the complex of TDAE with 2 - nitropyrene - 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 - tetraone at 0 . 5 V ( D1 ) , while another rectifier [ complex of TDAE with 2 , 7 - dimethyl nitropyrene - 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 - tetraone ( D2 ) ] showed a maximum RR of only 2 . 9 at 0 . 3 V .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDAE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "2 - nitropyrene - 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 - tetraone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 112]}, {"entity": "TDAE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}, {"entity": "2 , 7 - dimethyl nitropyrene - 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 - tetraone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electric field induced electron transfer occurring in D1 creates a one - way conducting channel consisting of two SOMOs involving the entire D1 complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of D2 , no electron transfer occurs at the applied bias voltages due to the relatively high energy difference between HOMO and LUMO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased expression of P450scc and CYP17 in development of endogenous hyperandrogenism in a rat model of PCOS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to characterize the effect of insulin plus hCG on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes ( P450scc and CYP17 ) in polycystic ovaries of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in estrous cycle , ovarian morphology , hormonal levels , and protein levels by immunohistochemistry and western - blot were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats treated with insulin plus hCG displayed abnormal estrous cycles with increasing androgen biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , insulin plus hCG resulted in multiple large cysts with diminished granulosa layers and increased thecal layers and stromal - interstitial tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , there was an increase in the expression of P450scc and CYP17 in thecal and stromal cells in our PCOS rat model compared with control rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that administration of insulin with hCG can synergistically result in endogenous hyperandrogenism which may partially upregulate the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in ovarian tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Orcinol - type depsides from the lichen Thamnolia vermicularis .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Orcinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phytochemical investigation of a herb tea made from Thamnolia vermicularis led to the isolation of three new beta - orcinol - type depsides ( 1 , 2 and 3 ) , along with seven known compounds hypothamnolic acid ( 4 ) , 3 ' - methylevenic acid ( 5 ) , baeomycesic acid ( 6 ) , squamatic acid ( 7 ) , methyl 3 ' - methyllecanorate ( 8 ) , barbatinic acid ( 9 ) and atranorin ( 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - orcinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "depsides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "hypothamnolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 211]}, {"entity": "3 ' - methylevenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 243]}, {"entity": "baeomycesic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 268]}, {"entity": "squamatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 291]}, {"entity": "methyl 3 ' - methyllecanorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 329]}, {"entity": "barbatinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 353]}, {"entity": "atranorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [364, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence , including 1 - D and 2 - D NMR and ESI - MS techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPAKINE enhancement of social interaction in the BTBR mouse model of autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPAKINE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the first diagnostic symptom is unusual reciprocal social interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately half of the children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder also have intellectual impairments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General cognitive abilities may be fundamental to many aspects of social cognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive enhancers could conceivably be of significant benefit to children and adults with autism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPAKINE compounds are a novel class of pharmacological agents that act as positive modulators of AMPA receptors to enhance excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPAKINE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This class of compounds was reported to improve learning and memory in several rodent and non - human primate tasks , and to normalize respiratory abnormalities in a mouse model of Rett syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we evaluate the actions of AMPA compounds in adult male and female BTBR mice , a well characterized mouse model of autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute treatment with CX1837 and CX1739 reversed the deficit in sociability in BTBR mice on the most sensitive parameter , time spent sniffing a novel mouse as compared to time spent sniffing a novel object .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "CX1739", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The less sensitive parameter , time in the chamber containing the novel mouse versus time in the chamber containing the novel object , was not rescued by CX1837 or CX1739 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "CX1739", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary data with CX546 , in which beta - cyclodextrin was the vehicle , revealed behavioral effects of the acute intraperitoneal and oral administration of vehicle alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX546", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To circumvent the artifacts introduced by the vehicle administration , we employed a novel treatment regimen using pellets of peanut butter for drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of vehicle treatment effects when CX1837 and CX1739 were given in the peanut butter pellets , to multiple cohorts of BTBR and B6 control mice , confirmed that the pharmacologically - induced improvements in sociability in BTBR were not confounded by the administration procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "CX1739", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest dose of CX1837 improved the cognitive deficit in novel object recognition in BTBR .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No drug effects were detected on the high levels of repetitive self - grooming in BTBR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In open field tests , CX1837 and CX1739 did not induce hyperactivity or sedation in either strain .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "CX1739", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is interesting to speculate that the ability of CX1837 and CX1739 to restore aspects of sociability in BTBR mice could utilize synaptic mechanisms regulating social cognition , suggesting a potential pharmacological target for interventions to treat symptoms of autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX1837", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "CX1739", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen insensitivity syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen insensitivity syndrome ( AIS ) is a disorder caused by a mutation of the gene encoding the androgen receptor ( AR ; Xq11 - q12 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of AIS has been estimated to be one case in every 20 , 000 to 64 , 000 newborn males for the complete syndrome ( CAIS ) , and the prevalence is unknown for the partial syndrome ( PAIS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The symptoms range from phenotypically normal males with impaired spermatogenesis to phenotypically normal women with primary amenorrhea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various forms of ambiguous genitalia have been observed at birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis is confirmed by determining the exact mutation in the AR gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAIS individuals require precise diagnosis as early as possible so that the sex can be assigned , treatment can be recommended , and they can receive proper genetic counseling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After birth , differential diagnosis should be performed using other forms of abnormal sexual differentiation of primary amenorrhea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of AIS is based on reinforcement sexual identity , gonadectomy planning , and hormone replacement therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prognosis for CAIS is good if the testicular tissue is removed at the appropriate time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For PAIS , the prognosis depends on the ambiguity of the genitalia and physical and psychosocial adjustment to the assigned sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deep understanding of the interaction between thienorphine and UDP - glucuronosyltransferase ( UGT ) isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thienorphine has been demonstrated to be a potent , long - acting partial opioid agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is being developed as a good candidate to treat opioid dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thienorphine ' s glucuronide was detected after thienorphine was incubated with human liver microsomes ( HLMs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant UGT isoforms screening experiment and enzyme kinetic study showed that UGT1A1 completely contributed to the glucuronidation of thienorphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the tested UGT isoforms , UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 were inhibited by thienorphine , with other UGT isoforms negligibly influenced .", "entity": [{"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition type is competitive , and inhibition kinetic parameters ( K ( i ) ) were 1 . 65 and 5 . 27 mu M for UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , due to low plasma concentration of thienorphine , in vivo drug - drug interaction might not occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "thienorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adnexal torsion in children and adolescents : new trends to conservative surgical approach - - our experience and review of literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study is to discuss the surgical treatment for ovarian torsion in children and adolescents with a focus on the procedures of adnexal conservation surgery and its frequency in the literature of the last 10 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 127 operative ovarian lesions including 30 ovarian torsions ( 23 . 6 % ) treated in two pediatric centers over a 10 - year period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age at presentation , presenting symptoms , diagnostic studies , surgical procedure and pathological findings were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean age was 13 . 7 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conservative surgery has been performed in 46 . 7 % of the cases and laparoscopic approach in 40 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ovarian torsion occurred in 56 . 7 % on ovaries with functional lesion , in 23 . 3 % on normal adnexa and in 20 % on ovaries with benign neoplasm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The article includes a literature review ( 2000 - 2010 ) and a statistical analysis which shows a slow increase in conservative surgery from 28 to 45 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laparoscopic surgery accounts for 23 . 5 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Literature review shows 40 . 5 % normal adnexa , 33 . 2 % non - neoplastic lesions , 25 . 3 % benign neoplasms and 1 % malignant neoplasms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surgical treatment of children and adolescents presenting adnexal torsion should be practiced as an emergency and it should be more conservative as possible in order to maximize the future reproductive potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silibinin protects H9c2 cardiac cells from oxidative stress and inhibits phenylephrine - induced hypertrophy : potential mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac hypertrophy is the main response of the heart to various extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli , and it is characterized by specific molecular and phenotypic changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the hypertrophic response .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , silibinin , a plant flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle with potent antioxidant activity , was evaluated for its effects in ( a ) preventing hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) - induced cellular damage and ( b ) blocking the phenylephrine - induced hypertrophic response .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "flavonolignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 180]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 187]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the in vitro model of embryonic rat heart - derived H9c2 cells , we showed that silibinin has a rather safe profile as concentrations up to 200 mu M did not affect cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with silibinin resulted in better protection of H9c2 cells under conditions of H2O2 - induced cellular stress compared to untreated cells as indicated by cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , silibinin attenuated the phenylephrine - induced hypertrophic response as evidenced by the measurement of cell surface , up - regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide and increase of cellular protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , silibinin repressed the phenylephrine - induced phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 kinases , while it appeared to inhibit the weakly activated by phenylephrine phosphorylation of Akt .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our results , silibinin may attenuate the phenylephrine - induced hypertrophic response of H9c2 cells via antioxidant mechanisms involving mainly the inhibition of the intracellular signaling pathways mediated by ERK1 / 2 MAPKs and Akt .", "entity": [{"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modafinil effects on cognition and emotion in schizophrenia and its neurochemical modulation in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modafinil is a central nervous system wake promoting agent used for the treatment of excessive daytime sleeping .", "entity": [{"entity": "Modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its vigilance promoting properties and low abuse potential has intrigued the scientific community and has led to use it as a cognitive enhancer , before its neural functions were understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review the effects of modafinil in human cognition and emotion and its specific actions on symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and whether these are consistently effective throughout the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also performed a systematic review on the effects of modafinil on neurotransmitter signalling in different areas of the brain in order to better understand the neuromechanisms of its cognitive and emotional enhancing properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review of its effects in schizophrenia suggests that modafinil facilitates cognitive functions , with pro - mnemonic effects and problem solving improvements .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emotional processing also appears to be enhanced by the drug , although to date there are only a limited number of studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systematic review on the neurochemical modulation of the modafinil suggests that its mnemonic enhancing properties might be the result of glutamatergic and dopaminergic increased neuronal activation in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other neurotransmitters were also activated by modafinil in various limbic brain areas , suggesting that the drug acts on these brain regions to influence emotional responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These reviews seek to delineate the neuronal mechanisms by which modafinil affects cognitive and emotional function .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current understanding of TRPM7 pharmacology and drug development for stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial excitement and countless efforts to find a pharmacological agent that disrupts the excitotoxic pathway of ischemic neuronal death have only led to disappointing clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , a thrombolytic agent called recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( rt - PA ) is the only pharmacological treatment available for patients with acute ischemic stroke in most countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though its efficacy has been confirmed repeatedly , rt - PA is considerably underused due to reasons including a short therapeutic window and repeated complications associated with its use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A search for alternative mechanisms that may operate dependently or independently with the well - established excitotoxic mechanism has led researchers to the discovery of newly described non - glutamate mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the latter , transient receptor potential melastatin 7 ( TRPM7 ) is one of the important nonglutamate mechanisms in stroke , which has been evaluated in both in - vitro and in - vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we will discuss the current state of pharmacological treatments of ischemic stroke and provide evidence that TRPM7 is a promising therapeutic target of stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered gene expression involved in insulin signaling pathway in type II diabetic osteoporosis rats model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is well established that both estrogen loss and type II diabetes mellitus ( DMII ) can impair bone metabolism , but whether estrogen loss exacerbates the effects of DMII is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we determined if ovariectomy ( OVX ) of rats on a long - term high - fat / sugar diet and injection of a low dose of streptozotocin ( DMII ) decreased bone mineral density ( BMD ) more than OVX or DMII alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone insulin signaling is known to support bone metabolism ; therefore , we also tested the hypothesis that OVX DMII rats ( DOVX ) would exhibit greater reductions in the expression of proteins important in insulin signaling , including IRS - 1 , IRS - 2 , and IGF - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As hypothesized , BMD and plasma estrogen levels were decreased more in DOVX rats than in rats following OVX ( NOVX ) or DMII ( DS ) alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGF - 1 expression was decreased in the liver , kidney , skeletal muscle , and bone of DOVX , DS , and NOVX rats ; however , the decrease was larger and occurred sooner in DOVX rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While IRS - 1 and IRS - 2 decreased in most groups in all tissues examined , the expression patterns differed in both a group - and tissue - dependent fashion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these data demonstrate that estrogen loss and DMII induced by a high - fat / sugar diet interact to produce osteoporosis and support the hypothesis that the bone loss may be mediated at least in part by concurrent decreases in the insulin signaling proteins in bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egis - 11150 : a candidate antipsychotic compound with procognitive efficacy in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egis - 11150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classical antipsychotics , e . g . haloperidol , chlorpromazine , are potent at controlling the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but frequently elicit extrapyramidal motor side - effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The introduction of atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone , olanzapine and clozapine has obviated this problem , but none of the current drugs seem to improve the cognitive deficits accompanying schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus there is an unmet need for agents that not only suppress the psychotic symptoms but also ameliorate the impairment of cognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the preclinical properties of a candidate antipsychotic , Egis - 11150 , that shows marked pro - cognitive efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egis - 11150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egis - 11150 displayed high affinity for adrenergic alpha ( 1 ) , alpha ( 2c ) , 5 - HT ( 2A ) 5 - HT 7 , moderate affinity for adrenergic alpha ( 2a ) and D 2 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egis - 11150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was a functional antagonist on all of the above receptors , with the exception of 5 - HT 7 receptors , where it was an inverse agonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phencyclidine - induced hypermotility in mice and inhibition of conditioned avoidance response in rats were assessed to estimate efficacy against the positive and social withdrawal test in rats was used to predict efficacy against the negative symptoms of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passive - avoidance learning , novel object recognition and radial maze tests in rats were used to assess pro - cognitive activity , while phencyclidine - induced disruption of prepulse inhibition in mice was examined to test for effects on attention .", "entity": [{"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egis - 11150 ( 0 . 01 - 0 . 3 mg / kg , ip . ) was effective in all of the preclinical models of schizophrenia examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egis - 11150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , a robust pro - cognitive profile was apparent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , work in preclinical models indicates that Egis - 11150 is a potential treatment for controlling the psychosis as well as the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egis - 11150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propranolol restores cognitive deficits and improves amyloid and Tau pathologies in a senescence - accelerated mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ageing is associated with a deterioration of cognitive performance and with increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertension is the most - prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide , and clinical data suggest that hypertension is a risk factor for Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we tested whether propranolol , a beta - receptor antagonist commonly used as antihypertensive drug , could ameliorate the cognitive impairments and increases in AD - related markers shown by the senescence - accelerated mouse prone - 8 ( SAMP8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propranolol administration ( 5 mg / kg for 3 weeks ) to 6 - month - old SAMP8 mice attenuated cognitive memory impairments shown by these mice in the novel object recognition test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice it has been found increases in A beta ( 42 ) levels , the principal constituent of amyloid plaques observed in AD , accompanied by both an increased expression of the cleaving enzyme BACE1 and a decreased expression of the degrading enzyme IDE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these effects were reversed by propranolol treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tau hyperphosphorylation ( PHF - 1 epitope ) shown by SAMP8 mice at this age was also decreased in the hippocampus of propranolol - treated mice , an effect probably related to a decrease in JNK1 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , propranolol also phosphorylated Akt in SAMP8 mice , which was associated with an increase of glycogen synthase kinase - 3 beta phosphorylation , contributing therefore to the reductions in Tau hyperphosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synaptic pathology in SAMP8 mice , as shown by decreases in synaptophysin and BDNF , was also counteracted by propranolol treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , propranolol might be beneficial in age - related brain dysfunction and could be an emerging candidate for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism and disposition of [ 14C ] n - butyl - p - hydroxybenzoate in male and female Harlan Sprague Dawley rats following oral administration and dermal application .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 14C ] n - butyl - p - hydroxybenzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "n - Butyl - p - hydroxybenzoate ( n - butylparaben , BPB ) is an antioxidant used in foods , pharmaceuticals and cosmetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - Butyl - p - hydroxybenzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "n - butylparaben", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the disposition of ring - labelled [ ( 14 ) C ] BPB in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats , and in rat and human hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPB was rapidly cleared in hepatocytes from rat ( t ( 1 / 2 ) = 3 - 4 min ) and human ( t ( 1 / 2 ) = 20 - 30 min ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major metabolites detected in rat hepatocytes were hydroxybenzoic acid and in human hepatocytes were hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxyhippuric acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "hydroxyhippuric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ ( 14 ) C ] BPB was administered to male rats orally at 10 , 100 or 1000 mg / kg , intravenously at 10 mg / kg and dermally at 10 and 100 mg / kg ; female rats were administered oral doses at 10 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral doses of BPB were well - absorbed ( > 83 % ) and eliminated chiefly in urine ( 83 - 84 % ) ; <= 1 % of the radioactivity remained in tissues at 24 h or 72 h after dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 4 % and 8 % , respectively , of 100 mg / kg dermal doses were absorbed in 24 h and 72 h , and about 50 % of a 10 mg / kg dose was absorbed in 72 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolites detected in urine included those previously reported , BPB - glucuronide , BPB - sulfate , hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxyhippuric acid , but also novel metabolites arising from ring hydroxylation followed by glucuronidation and sulfation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPB - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "BPB - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 100]}, {"entity": "hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 122]}, {"entity": "hydroxyhippuric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fertility and endocrine outcome after robot - assisted laparoscopic myomectomy ( RALM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introduction : Laparoscopic myomectomy has recently gained wide acceptance but this procedure remains technically highly demanding and concerns have been raised about the increased blood loss and an higher risk of postoperative uterine rupture of the pregnant uterus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objective : The aim of the present study is to evaluate the fertility and endocrine outcome in women underwent robot - assisted laparoscopic myomectomy ( RALM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Data from 48 RALM performed in our department between the years 2007 and 2011 have been collected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conception rate , abortion rate , incidence of feto - maternal morbidity or severe pregnancy and labor - related complications were reported ; FSH and AMH levels and ultrasound valuation of AFC has been made before and 6 months after operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Number of cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries were described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The average age of the patients was 35 years and median Body Mass Index was 23 kg / m ( 2 ) ( range 18 - 35 kg / m ( 2 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven women ( 13 % ) became pregnant after RALM with eight pregnancies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One pregnancy is actually on going ; there were six deliveries with caesarian section and one spontaneous delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No spontaneous abortions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No uterine ruptures occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant modification of ovarian function was found after myomectomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : RALM seems to have a favorable impact on the reproductive outcome of young patients with no impact on the ovarian function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sour Cherry Seed Kernel Extract Increases Heme Oxygenase - 1 Expression and Decreases Representation of CD3 + TNF - alpha + and CD3 + IL - 8 + Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Cultures from Type 2 Diabetes Patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study evaluates a hypothesis that sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus ) seed extracts ( SCE ) modulate CD3 + T lymphocyte activity in ways predictive of potential for uses of SCE in management of inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) from 12 type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) patients and eight healthy control subjects were cultured 24 h with 100 ng / ml lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) to increase inflammatory signaling and co - incubated with 0 . 5 - 100 micro g / ml SCE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cultures were evaluated by two - color flow cytometry for percent representation of CD3 + IL8 + and CD3 + TNF - alpha + cells which express interleukin - 8 ( IL - 8 ) , and tumor necrosis factor - alpha , ( TNF - alpha + ) respectively , and by enzyme - linked immunoassay for lymphocyte - associated heme oxygenase - 1 ( HO - 1 , known to be induced by SCE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SCE dosage ranges of 0 . 5 - 100 micro g / ml in cell cultures significantly suppressed LPS - increased CD3 + TNF - alpha + and CD3 + IL8 + representation from all participants ( p < 0 . 05 ) , with greater pharmacological effect noted in suppression of CD3 + TNF - alpha + noted in cells from T2DM patients versus healthy control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects correlated with increased HO - 1 expression in SCE - treated PBMC from all subjects ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since TNF - alpha and IL - 8 are diagnostic / prognostic biomarkers for many inflammatory syndromes , the capacity of SCE to down - regulate representation of cells that express them suggests potential for therapeutic use of SCE in T2DM and other diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined effects of treatment with vitamin C , vitamin E and selenium on the skin of diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C , vitamin E and selenium ( Se ) on the skin tissue of streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups : control , control + antioxidants , diabetic , diabetic + antioxidants groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg / kg streptozotocin .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin C ( 250 mg / kg ) , vitamin E ( 250 mg / kg ) and Se ( 0 . 2 mg / kg ) were given by gavage technique to rats of one diabetic and one control group for 30 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the diabetic group , the levels of serum urea and creatinine , skin lipid peroxidation and nonenzymatic glycosylation levels increased , but skin glutathione levels decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with vitamin C , vitamin E and Se reversed these effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study showed that vitamin C , vitamin E and Se exerted antioxidant effects and consequently may prevent skin damage caused by streptozotocin - induced diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine D 2 - agonist rotigotine effects on cortical excitability and central cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer ' s disease patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "rotigotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in several brain functions ranging from emotions control , movement organization to memory formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also involved in the regulation of mechanisms of synaptic plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its role in Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) pathogenesis is still puzzling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several recent line of research instead indicates a clear role for dopamine in both amyloid beta formation as well as in cognitive decline progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular it has been shown that dopamine D 2 - like receptors ( namely D 3 and D 2 ) could be mostly responsible for dopamine dysfunction in AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we aimed to study the effects of the dopamine agonist Rotigotine on cortical excitability and on central cholinergic transmission in cases of AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Rotigotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotigotine is a dopamine agonist with a pharmacological profile with high affinity for D 3 and D 2 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rotigotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used paired pulse protocols assessing short intracortical inhibition ( SICI ) and intracortical facilitation ( ICF ) to asses cortical excitability over the primary motor cortex and Short Latency Afferent Inhibition ( SLAI ) protocols , to verify the effects of the drug on central cholinergic transmission in a group of AD patients compared to age - matched controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that rotigotine induces unexpected changes in both cortical excitability ( increased ) and central cholinergic transmission ( restored ) of AD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "rotigotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These unexpected effects might depend on the dopamine D 2 - like receptors dysfunction previously described in AD brains .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current findings could indicate that future strategies aimed to ameliorate symptoms of the related AD cognitive decline could also involve some dopaminergic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absorption of TAK - 491 , a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist , in animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absorption process in animals of TAK - 491 , designed as ester - based prodrug with medoxomil moiety , was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "medoxomil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the plasma of rats and dogs , TAK - 536 , the pharmacologically active metabolite , was present as the main component with hardly detectable concentrations of TAK - 491 after oral administration of TAK - 491 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the rat portal plasma , TAK - 536 was also present as the main component with hardly detectable concentrations of TAK - 491 after jejunal loop injection of TAK - 491 , suggesting TAK - 491 was absorbed from small intestine and hydrolyzed almost completely during absorption .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 126]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caco - 2 study indicated the permeability of TAK - 491 was improved by prodrug modification and the compound could be mainly transferred as TAK - 491 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is well consistent with the facts that the AUC and T ( max ) of TAK - 536 after oral administration of TAK - 491 were higher and shorter than those after oral administration of TAK - 536 in dogs Hydrolysis of TAK - 491 is observed not only by the intestinal and hepatic S9 fraction , but also by plasma and human serum albumin .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "TAK - 536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , medoxomil alcohol wasn ' t detected during the hydrolysis of TAK - 491 .", "entity": [{"entity": "medoxomil alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These metabolic features of TAK - 491 were similar to olmesartan medoxomil , suggesting the hydrolytic pathway and enzymes for TAK - 491 when catalyzing to TAK - 536 would be the same as olmesartan medoxomil .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "olmesartan medoxomil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "TAK - 491", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "TAK - 536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "olmesartan medoxomil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , characterization , screening and docking analysis of 4 - anilinoquinazoline derivatives as tyrosine kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - anilinoquinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 87]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the design and synthesis of a series of 4 - anilinoquinazoline derivatives , of which 7 compounds were crystallographically characterized , as epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) inhibitors by modifications on the aniline ring or at the 6 - alkoxy site of the 6 , 7 - dimethoxy - 4 - anilinoquinazoline pharmacophore .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - anilinoquinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 77]}, {"entity": "aniline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 242]}, {"entity": "6 - alkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 268]}, {"entity": "6 , 7 - dimethoxy - 4 - anilinoquinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative inhibition efficiency on EGFR of all as - prepared compounds were measured and ordered , and the IC50 values of nine highly active compounds were determined by ELISA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking studies indicated that all 4 - anilinoquinazoline derivatives could be inserted into the ATP - binding pocket of the EGFR via indirect docking , and that the modifications at the 3 ' - position of the anilino group and 6 - alkoxy site of the quinazoline ring have little interference with the formation of the two essential H - bonds between the N3 of the quinazoline ring and Thr766 through a water molecule , and the N1 of the quinazoline ring and N - H of Met769 .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - anilinoquinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "anilino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}, {"entity": "6 - alkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 237]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 261]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 333]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [364, 375]}, {"entity": "Thr766", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [385, 391]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [437, 448]}, {"entity": "N - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [458, 463]}, {"entity": "Met769", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [467, 473]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The displacing of the phenyl at 4 - position with pyridinyl dramatically reduces the activity of the quinazoline pharmacophore , the resulting derivative ( 10 ) being the least active compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "pyridinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The docking results also showed that the formation of new H - bonds between the N - H of the ethylenediamine group linked to the 6 - alkoxy site and Asp776 / Cys773 in the binding pocket of EGFR makes compounds 19 ( IC50 = 12 . 1 +/- 1 . 6 nM ) and 20 ( IC50 = 13 . 6 +/- 0 . 8 nM ) the most potent EGFR inhibitors in this class and worthy of further modification to obtain more potent anticancer compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 59]}, {"entity": "N - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 85]}, {"entity": "ethylenediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 108]}, {"entity": "6 - alkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Asp776", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "Cys773", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small molecule modulation of nuclear receptor conformational dynamics : implications for function and drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear receptors are targets for a wide range of ligands , both natural and synthetic , that regulate their activity and provide a means to pharmacologically modulate the receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent emphasis in the nuclear receptor field has focused on selective nuclear receptor modulators , which can display graded transcriptional responses and tissue selective pharmacological responses that deviate from the prototypical agonist or antagonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the molecular mechanism of action of these selective modulators will provide significant insight toward the development of the next generation of modulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although most nuclear receptor structural studies have primarily focused on obtaining ligand - receptor cocrystal structures , recent studies implicate an important role for protein dynamics in the mechanism of action of nuclear receptor ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we review nuclear receptor studies reporting how ligands modulate the conformational dynamics of the nuclear receptor ligand - binding domain ( LBD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A particular emphasis is placed on protein NMR and hydrogen / deuterium exchange ( HDX ) techniques and how they provide complementary information that , when combined with crystallography , provide detailed insight into the function of nuclear receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "deuterium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelucire 44 / 14 based immediate release formulations for poorly water - soluble drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we aim to evaluate Gelucire 44 / 14 as non - ionic surface - active excipient to produce immediate - release solid dosage forms for poorly water - soluble drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelucires are polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) glycerides composed of mono - , di - and triglycerides and mono - and diesters of PEG .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 33]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "mono - , di - and triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 96]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are inert semi - solid waxy amphiphilic excipients with surface - active properties that spontaneously form a fine dispersion or emulsion upon contact with water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monolithic Gelucire 44 / 14 structures are prone to prolonged erosion times , thereby slowing down drug dissolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome this issue , we combine either granulation or spray - drying , followed by compression into tablets , with an optimized composition of disintegration promoting agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This formulation strategy allows obtaining nearly 100 % drug release within 10 min dissolution time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modeling the structure and proton transfer pathways of the mutant His - 107 - Tyr of human carbonic anhydrase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present molecular modeling of the structure and possible proton transfer pathways from the surface of the protein to the zinc - bound water molecule in the active site of the mutant His - 107 - Tyr of human carbonic anhydrase II ( HCAII ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 188]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No high - resolution structure or crystal structure is available till now for this particular mutant due to its lack of stability at physiological temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis utilizes as starting point a series of structures derived from high - resolution crystal structure of the wild type protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While many of the structures investigated do not reveal a complete path between the zinc bound water and His - 64 , several others do indicate the presence of a transient connection even when His - 64 is present in its outward conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation at the residue 107 also reveals the formation of a new path into the active site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competing contributions from His - 64 sidechain rotation from its outward conformation are also evaluated in terms of optimal path analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No indication of a lower catalytic efficiency of the mutant is evident from our results under the condition of thermal stability of the mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxysterol generation and liver X receptor - dependent reverse cholesterol transport : not all roads lead to Rome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cholesterol metabolism is a tightly regulated process , dependent in part on activation of nuclear liver X receptors ( LXRs ) to increase expression of genes mediating removal of excess cholesterol from cells in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LXRs are thought to be activated predominantly by oxysterols generated enzymatically from cholesterol in different cell organelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defects resulting in slowed release of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes or reduction in sterol - 27 - hydroxylase activity lead to specific blocks in oxysterol production and impaired LXR - dependent gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}, {"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This block does not appear to be compensated by oxysterol production in other cell compartments .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about oxysterol - dependent activation by LXR of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport , and what these defects of cell cholesterol homeostasis can teach us about the critical pathways of oxysterol generation for expression of LXR - dependent genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mGlu 5 positive allosteric modulator LSN2463359 differentially modulates motor , instrumental and cognitive effects of NMDA receptor antagonists in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabotropic glutamate 5 ( mGlu 5 ) receptors are known to functionally interact with N - methyl - d - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptors at both neuronal and behavioural levels , in a manner that may be of relevance to the treatment of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 112]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously described a novel mGlu 5 positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) , LSN2463359 and provided evidence of its ability to attenuate aspects of the behavioural response to administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist , SDZ 220 , 581 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 222]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , LSN2463359 was found to selectively attenuate reversal learning deficits observed in the neurodevelopmental MAM E17 model but not in the acute phencyclidine ( PCP ) model .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the interactions between this mGlu 5 PAM and the NMDA receptor were explored further by assessing the effects of LSN2463359 against some of the motor , instrumental and cognitive effects induced by the non - competitive NMDA receptor antagonists PCP and MK - 801 , the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist SDZ 220 , 581 and the GluN2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist , Ro 63 - 1908 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 247]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 272]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 285]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 308]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 342]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [368, 372]}, {"entity": "Ro 63 - 1908", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [395, 407]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSN2463359 had either no or minor impact on locomotor hyperactivity induced by either PCP or SDZ 220 , 581 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in rats lever pressing for food rewards under a variable interval 30s schedule of instrumental responding , the drug clearly attenuated not only the suppression of response rate induced by SDZ 220 , 581 but also the stimulation of response rate induced by Ro 63 - 1908 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 212]}, {"entity": "Ro 63 - 1908", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , LSN2463359 failed to alter both of the instrumental effects induced by the open channel blockers PCP and MK - 801 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , although PCP and SDZ 220 , 581 induced similar deficits in a discrimination and reversal learning task , LSN2463359 was again only able to reverse the deficit induced by SDZ 220 , 581 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the interactions between mGlu 5 and NMDA receptors are dependent on both the mechanism of the blockade of the receptor and the behavioural domain under investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our work has implications for the preclinical use of NMDA receptor antagonists in the prediction of potential therapeutic efficacy in the search for novel treatments for schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive allosteric modulators of the mGlu 5 receptor certainly question the predictive validity of such approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro characterisation of the novel positive allosteric modulators of the mGlu 5 receptor , LSN2463359 and LSN2814617 , and their effects on sleep architecture and operant responding in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "LSN2814617", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The demonstrated functional interaction of metabotropic glutamate 5 ( mGlu 5 ) receptors with N - methyl - d - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptors has prompted speculation that their activation may offer a potential treatment for aspects of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 120]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of selective mGlu 5 agonists has been difficult , but several different positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) molecules have now been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study describes two novel mGlu 5 PAMs , LSN2463359 ( N - ( 1 - methylethyl ) - 5 - ( pyridin - 4 - ylethynyl ) pyridine - 2 - carboxamide ) and LSN2814617 [ ( 7S ) - 3 - tert - butyl - 7 - [ 3 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazol - 5 - yl ] - 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 - tetrahydro [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - A ] pyridine ] , which are useful tools for this field of research .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "N - ( 1 - methylethyl ) - 5 - ( pyridin - 4 - ylethynyl ) pyridine - 2 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 142]}, {"entity": "LSN2814617", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "( 7S ) - 3 - tert - butyl - 7 - [ 3 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazol - 5 - yl ] - 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 - tetrahydro [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - A ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds are potent and selective potentiators of human and rat mGlu 5 receptors in vitro , displaying curve shift ratios of two to three fold in the concentration - response relationship to glutamate or the glutamate receptor agonist , DHPG , with no detectable intrinsic agonist properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 206]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}, {"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds displaced the mGlu 5 receptor antagonist radioligand , [ (3) H ] MPEP in vitro and , following oral administration reached brain concentrations sufficient to occupy hippocampal mGlu 5 receptors as measured in vivo by dose - dependent displacement from the hippocampus of intravenously administered MPEPy .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ (3) H ] MPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "MPEPy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo EEG studies demonstrated that these mGlu 5 PAMs have marked wake - promoting properties but little in the way of rebound hypersomnolence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the previously described mGlu 5 PAMs CDPPB and ADX47273 showed relatively poor evidence of in vivo target engagement in either receptor occupancy assays or EEG disturbance .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "ADX47273", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wake - promoting doses of LSN2463359 and LSN2814617 attenuated deficits in performance induced by the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist SDZ 220 , 581 in two tests of operant behaviour : the variable interval 30 s task and the DMTP task .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "LSN2814617", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were lost if the dose of either compound extended into the range which disrupted performance in the baseline DMTP task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the improvements in response accuracy induced by the mGlu 5 potentiators in SDZ 220 , 581 - treated rats were not delay - dependent and , therefore , perhaps more likely reflected optimization of general arousal than specific beneficial effects on discrete cognitive processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDZ 220 , 581", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systematic profiling of LSN2463359 and LSN2814617 alongside other previously described molecules will help determine more precisely how mGlu 5 potentiator pharmacology might provide therapeutic benefit .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSN2463359", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "LSN2814617", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development and application of small molecule modulators of SF3b as therapeutic agents for cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of potent spliceosome modulators that demonstrate antitumor activity indicates that this complex may be a target for drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several natural products have been demonstrated to bind to the SF3b1 subunit of this macromolecule and these agents modulate alternative RNA splicing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article we describe their biological properties , discuss the validity of the spliceosome as a therapeutic target , and propose that alteration of alternative splicing represents a viable approach for inducing tumor - selective cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Size of TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles influences their phototoxicity : an in vitro investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To uncover the size influence of TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles on their potential toxicity , the cytotoxicity of different - sized TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles with and without photoactivation was tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was demonstrated that without photoactivation , TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles were inert up to 100 mu g / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , with photoactivation , the toxicity of TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles significantly increased , which correlated well with the specific surface area of the particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results also suggest that the generation of hydroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) - mediated damage to the surface - adsorbed biomolecules could be the two major reasons for the cytotoxicity of TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles after photoactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher ROS generation from smaller particles was detected under both biotic and abiotic conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smaller particles could adsorb more proteins , which was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further investigate the influence of the generation of hydroxyl radicals and adsorption of protein , poly ( ethylene - alt - maleic anhydride ) ( PEMA ) and chitosan were used to coat TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene - alt - maleic anhydride )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 146]}, {"entity": "PEMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results confirmed that surface coating of TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles could reduce such toxicity after photoactivation , by hindering adsorption of biomolecules and generation of hydroxyl radical ( . OH ) during photoactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": ". OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibroblast growth factor 23 inhibits extrarenal synthesis of 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D in human monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin D is a potent stimulator of monocyte innate immunity , and this effect is mediated via intracrine conversion of 25 - hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) to 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 141]}, {"entity": "25OHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 182]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the kidney , synthesis of 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D is suppressed by fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF23 ) , via transcriptional suppression of the vitamin D - activating enzyme 1 alpha - hydroxylase ( CYP27B1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that FGF23 also suppresses CYP27B1 in monocytes , with concomitant effects on intracrine responses to 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cell monocytes ( PBMCm ) and peritoneal dialysate monocyte ( PDm ) effluent from kidney disease patients were assessed at baseline to confirm the presence of mRNA for FGF23 receptors ( FGFRs ) , with Klotho and FGFR1 being more strongly expressed than FGFR2 / 3 / 4 in both cell types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry showed coexpression of Klotho and FGFR1 in PBMCm and PDm , with this effect being enhanced following treatment with FGF23 in PBMCm but not PDm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with FGF23 activated mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) and protein kinase B ( Akt ) pathways in PBMCm , demonstrating functional FGFR signaling in these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FGF23 treatment of PBMCm and PDm decreased expression of mRNA for CYP27B1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In PBMCm this was associated with downregulation of 25OHD to 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D metabolism , and concomitant suppression of intracrine induced 24 - hydroxylase ( CYP24A1 ) and antibacterial cathelicidin ( LL37 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "25OHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FGF23 suppression of CYP27B1 was particularly pronounced in PBMCm treated with interleukin - 15 to stimulate synthesis of 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that FGF23 can inhibit extra - renal expression of CYP27B1 and subsequent intracrine responses to 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D in two different human monocyte models .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated expression of FGF23 may therefore play a crucial role in defining immune responses to vitamin D and this , in turn , may be a key determinant of infection in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crown - ether loop - derivatized oligothiophene doubly attached on gold surface as cation - binding switchable molecular junction .", "entity": [{"entity": "crown - ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 15]}, {"entity": "oligothiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crown - ether dithiol quaterthiophene is synthesized and immobilized on gold surface by double covalent fixation .", "entity": [{"entity": "crown - ether dithiol quaterthiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry show that the corresponding dithioester precursor can complex Pb ( 2 + ) in solution and that this property is maintained for monolayers of the dithiol on gold .", "entity": [{"entity": "dithioester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "dithiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current - voltage measurements by eutectic GaIn drop contact on the monolayer show a significant increase ( up to 1 . 6 x 10 ( 3 ) times ) of the current at low bias after Pb ( 2 + ) complexation .", "entity": [{"entity": "GaIn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue material properties in atypical femoral fracture patients and controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atypical femoral fractures ( AFF ) associated with long - term bisphosphonates ( LTB ) are a growing concern .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their etiology is unknown , but bone material properties might be deteriorated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an AFF series , we analyzed the bone material properties by microindentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups of patients were included : 6 AFF , 38 typical osteoporotic fractures , 6 LTB , and 20 controls without fracture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither typical osteoporotic fractures nor controls have received any antiosteoporotic medication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A general laboratory workup , bone densitometry by dual - energy X - ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) , and microindentation testing at the tibia were done in all patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total indentation distance ( Total ID ) , indentation distance increase ( IDI ) , and creep indentation distance ( Creep ID ) were measured ( microns ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age - adjusted analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used for comparisons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controls were significantly younger than fracture groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphosphonate exposure was on average 5 . 5 years ( range 5 to 12 years ) for the AFF and 5 . 4 years ( range 5 to 8 years ) for the LTB groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total ID ( microns ) showed better material properties ( lower Total ID ) for controls 36 ( +/- 6 ; mean +/- SD ) than for AFF 46 ( +/- 4 ) and for typical femoral fractures 47 ( +/- 13 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients on LTB showed values between controls and fractures , 38 ( +/- 4 ) , although not significantly different from any of the other three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IDI values showed a similar pattern 13 ( +/- 2 ) , 16 ( +/- 6 ) , 19 ( +/- 3 ) , and 18 ( +/- 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adjusting by age , significant differences were seen between controls and typical ( p < 0 . 001 ) and atypical fractures ( p = 0 . 03 ) for Total ID and for IDI ( p < 0 . 001 and p < 0 . 05 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences in Creep ID between groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that patients with AFF have a deep deterioration in bone material properties at a tissue level similar to that for the osteoporotic fracture group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LTB group shows levels that are in between controls and both type of fractures , although not statistically different .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that bisphosphonate therapy probably does not put the majority of patients at risk for AFF .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biotransformation of serotonin derivatives by the larvae of common cutworm ( Spodoptera litura ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven serotonin derivatives ( 1 - 7 ) were biotransformed using larvae of Spodoptera litura .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - p - methoxy cinnamoyl serotonin ( 3 ) was converted into its O - demethylated compound , N - p - coumaroyl serotonin ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - p - methoxy cinnamoyl serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 66]}, {"entity": "N - p - coumaroyl serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , N - feruloyl serotonin ( 5 ) and N - isoferuloyl serotonin ( 6 ) were converted into , two new compounds , N - feruloyl serotonin - 4 ' - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside ( 8 ) and N - isoferuloyl serotonin - 3 ' - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside ( 9 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - feruloyl serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "N - isoferuloyl serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 72]}, {"entity": "N - feruloyl serotonin - 4 ' - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 182]}, {"entity": "N - isoferuloyl serotonin - 3 ' - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structures were established by IR , 1D - NMR and 2D - NMR spectral studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New precursor of tetraterpenoids from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One new precursor of tetraterpenoids , Sarglaucol ( 1 ) , along with eight known compounds have been isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum collected from the Sanya Bay , Hainan Island , China .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "Sarglaucol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including 1D - and 2D - NMR , and their relative configurations were also assigned by NMR and NOESY analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 showed weak antitumour activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical study of the decomposition of ethyl and ethyl 3 - phenyl glycidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl and ethyl 3 - phenyl glycidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of the decomposition of ethyl and ethyl 3 - phenyl glycidate in gas phase was studied by density functional theory ( DFT ) and MP2 methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl and ethyl 3 - phenyl glycidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A proposed mechanism for the reaction indicates that the ethyl side of the ester is eliminated as ethylene through a concerted six - membered cyclic transition state , and the unstable intermediate glycidic acid decarboxylates rapidly to give the corresponding aldehyde .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "glycidic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two possible pathways for glycidic acid decarboxylation were studied : one via a five - membered cyclic transition state , and the other via a four - membered cyclic transition state .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycidic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the calculations indicate that the decarboxylation reaction occurs via a mechanism with five - membered cyclic transition state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coordination and bond activation in complexes of regioisomeric phenylpyridines with the nickel ( II ) chloride cation in the gas phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpyridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "nickel ( II ) chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrospray ionization of dilute solutions of phenylpyridines ( phpy ) in the presence of nickel ( II ) chloride leads to gaseous ions of the type [ Ni ( phpy ) ( m ) ] ( 2 + ) with m = 3 - 5 and [ NiCl ( phpy ) ( n ) ] ( + ) with n = 1 - 3 , which are characterized by various gas - phase experiments in combination with calculations using density functional theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpyridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "nickel ( II ) chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "[ Ni ( phpy ) ( m ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 177]}, {"entity": "[ NiCl ( phpy ) ( n ) ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the regioisomeric phpy ' s , 2 - phpy behaves drastically different compared to 3 - and 4 - phpy .", "entity": [{"entity": "phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "2 - phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "3 - and 4 - phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion mobility mass spectrometry allows a differentiation of the gaseous ions and an elucidation of characteristic properties of the metal complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For 2 - phpy , C - H bond activation in the [ NiCl ( phpy ) ( 2 ) ] ( + ) complex is significant , whereas this route is almost suppressed for the corresponding complexes of 3 - and 4 - phpy and only occurs at elevated energies .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "C - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "[ NiCl ( phpy ) ( 2 ) ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 73]}, {"entity": "3 - and 4 - phpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Show me your license , please : deregulation of centriole duplication mechanisms that promote amplification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centrosomes are organelles involved in generating and organizing the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton , mitotic spindles and cilia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the centrosome core are a pair of centrioles , structures that act as the duplicating elements of this organelle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centrioles function to recruit and organize pericentriolar material which nucleates microtubules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While centrioles are relatively simple in construction , the mechanics of centriole biogenesis remain an important yet poorly understood process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More mysterious still are the regulatory mechanisms that oversee centriole assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fidelity of centriole duplication is critical as defects in either the assembly or number of centrioles promote aneuploidy , primary microcephaly , birth defects , ciliopathies and tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , some pathogens employ mechanisms to promote centriole overduplication to the detriment of the host cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes our current understanding of this important topic , highlighting the need for further study if new therapeutics are to be developed to treat diseases arising from defects of centrosome duplication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant dose - dependent relationship between mercury exposure from dental amalgams and kidney integrity biomarkers : A further assessment of the Casa Pia children ' s dental amalgam trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dental amalgams are a commonly used dental restorative material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amalgams are about 50 % mercury ( Hg ) , and Hg is known to significantly accumulate in the kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was hypothesized that because Hg accumulates in the proximal tubules ( PTs ) , glutathione - S - transferases ( GST ) - alpha ( suggestive of kidney damage at the level of PT ) would be expected to be more related to Hg exposure than GST - pi ( suggestive of kidney damage at the level of the distal tubules ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 97]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urinary biomarkers of kidney integrity were examined in children of 8 - 18 years old , with and without dental amalgam fillings , from a completed clinical trial ( parent study ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study determined whether there was a significant dose - dependent correlation between increasing Hg exposure from dental amalgams and GST - alpha and GST - pi as biomarkers of kidney integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the present study , using a different and more sensitive statistical model than the parent study , revealed a statistically significant dose - dependent correlation between cumulative exposure to Hg from dental amalgams and urinary levels of GST - alpha , after covariate adjustment ; where as , a nonsignificant relationship was observed with urinary levels of GST - pi .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it was observed that urinary GST - alpha levels increased by about 10 % over the 8 - year course of the study among individuals with an average exposure to amalgams among the study subjects from the amalgam group , in comparison with study subjects with no exposure to dental amalgams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of our study suggest that dental amalgams contribute to ongoing kidney damage at the level of the PTs in a dose - dependent fashion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergency Do Not Consume / do Not Use concentrations for potassium permanganate in drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium permanganate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past decade , regulatory authorities and water purveyors have become increasingly concerned with accidental or intentional adulteration of municipal drinking water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergency response guidelines , such as the ' Do Not Consume ' or use concentration limits derived herein , can be used to notify the public in such cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potassium permanganate ( KMnO ( 4 ) ) is used to control iron concentrations and to reduce the levels of nuisance materials that affect odor or taste of finished drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Potassium permanganate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manganese ( Mn ) is recognized an essential nutrient , permanganate ( MnO4 ( - ) ) and manganous ( Mn ( + 2 ) ) ions are caustic , and the acute toxicity of KMnO ( 4 ) is defined by its oxidant / irritant properties and by the toxicity of Mn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "permanganate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "MnO4 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "manganous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "Mn ( + 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 167]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ingestion of small amounts ( 4 - 20 mg / kg ) of aqueous KMnO ( 4 ) solutions that are above 200 mg / L causes gastrointestinal distress , while bolus ingestion has caused respiratory arrest following coagulative necrosis and hemorrhage in the esophagus , stomach , or liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dilute KMnO ( 4 ) solutions ( 1 - 100 mg / L ) are used as a topical antiseptics and astringents , but > 1 : 5000 ( 200 mg / L ) dilutions can irritate or discolor sensitive mucous membranes and direct skin or ocular contact with concentrated KMnO ( 4 ) can perforate tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on clinical experience with 200 mg / L KMnO ( 4 ) , a Do Not Consume concentration of 7 mg / L KMnO ( 4 ) ( equivalent to 2 mg Mn / L ) is recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "KMnO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognizing limited empirical data from which to calculate an ocular reference value , a skin contact ' Do Not Use ' concentration of 30 mg Mn / L is recommended based on the skin irritation in some patients after a 10 - min contact with 100 mg KMnO4 / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "KMnO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cresyl saligenin phosphate makes multiple adducts on free histidine , but does not form an adduct on histidine 438 of human butyrylcholinesterase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cresyl saligenin phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cresyl saligenin phosphate ( CBDP ) is a suspected causative agent of \" aerotoxic syndrome \" , affecting pilots , crew members and passengers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cresyl saligenin phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBDP is produced in vivo from ortho - containing isomers of tricresyl phosphate ( TCP ) , a component of jet engine lubricants and hydraulic fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "tricresyl phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBDP irreversibly inhibits butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) in human plasma by forming adducts on the active site serine ( Ser - 198 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibited BChE undergoes aging to release saligenin and o - cresol .", "entity": [{"entity": "saligenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "o - cresol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The active site histidine ( His - 438 ) was hypothesized to abstract o - hydroxybenzyl moiety from the initial adduct on Ser - 198 .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "o - hydroxybenzyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal was to test this hypothesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectral analysis of CBDP - inhibited BChE digested with Glu - C showed an o - hydroxybenzyl adduct ( + 106amu ) on lysine 499 , a residue far from the active site , but not on His - 438 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "o - hydroxybenzyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 97]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the nitrogen of the imidazole ring of free l - histidine formed a variety of adducts upon reaction with CBDP , including the o - hydroxybenzyl adduct , suggesting that histidine - CBDP adducts may form on other proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "l - histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "o - hydroxybenzyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 192]}, {"entity": "CBDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Training your brain : Do mental and physical ( MAP ) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New neurons are produced each day in the hippocampus through the process of neurogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both mental and physical training can modify this process by increasing the number of new cells that mature into functional neurons in the adult brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanisms whereby these increases occur are not necessarily the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical activity , especially aerobic exercise greatly increases the number of new neurons that are produced in the hippocampal formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , mental training via skill learning increases the numbers that survive , particularly when the training goals are challenging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both manipulations can increase cognitive performance in the future , some of which are reportedly mediated by the presence of new neurons in the adult hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these data , we suggest that a combination of mental and physical training , referred to here as MAP training , is more beneficial for neuronal recruitment and overall mental health than either activity alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Alzheimer ' s disease in north Indian population .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) could result from a multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors like pesticides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case control study of 70 patients of AD and 75 controls was done to examine the association between organochlorine pesticides ( OCPs ) and risk of AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OCPs ( hexachlorocyclohexane ( HCH ) , aldrin , dieldrin , endosulfan , pp ' - dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( pp ' - DDE ) , op ' - DDE , pp ' - dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( pp ' - DDT ) , op ' - DDT , pp ' - dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ( pp ' - DDD ) and op ' - DDD ) were extracted from blood and quantitatively estimated using gas chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexachlorocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 28]}, {"entity": "HCH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "aldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "pp ' - dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 111]}, {"entity": "pp ' - DDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "op ' - DDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "pp ' - dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 180]}, {"entity": "pp ' - DDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "op ' - DDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 208]}, {"entity": "pp ' - dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 248]}, {"entity": "pp ' - DDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 261]}, {"entity": "op ' - DDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Mann - Whitney U test revealed significant difference in beta - HCH levels ( U = 1237 . 00 , W = 4087 . 00 , z = - 6 . 296 , p = 0 . 000 , r = - 0 . 71 ) , dieldrin levels ( U = 1449 . 00 , W = 4299 . 00 , z = - 5 . 809 , p = 0 . 000 , r = - 0 . 68 ) and pp ' - DDE levels ( U = 2062 . 00 , W = 4912 . 00 , z = - 2 . 698 , p = 0 . 007 , r = - 0 . 59 ) between AD patients and controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - HCH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "pp ' - DDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study supports epidemiological studies that associate exposure to pesticides with increased risk of AD , and we identified the specific pesticides beta - HCH , dieldrin and pp ' - DDE that are associated with the risk of AD in the north Indian population .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - HCH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}, {"entity": "pp ' - DDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , further research is needed to establish the potential role of these OCPs as an etiologic agent for AD case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic efficacy of silymarin from milk thistle in reducing manganese - induced hepatic damage and apoptosis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in manganese ( Mn ) toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using natural antioxidants against metal - induced hepatotoxicity is a modern approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the beneficial role of silymarin , a natural flavonoid , in Mn - induced hepatotoxicity focusing on histopathology and biochemical approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar rats were exposed orally to manganese chloride ( 20 mg / mL ) for 30 days followed by intraperitoneal cotreatment with silymarin ( 100 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to Mn resulted in a significant elevation of the plasma marker enzyme activities and bilirubin level related to liver dysfunction of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and hepatic oxidative stress indices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This metal reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase , catalase and glutathione peroxidase and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels such as reduced glutathione , total sulfhydryl groups and vitamin C .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , it caused hepatic hemorrhage , cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes as indicated by liver histopathology and DNA fragmentation studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of silymarin alleviated Mn oxidative damage effects by inhibiting ROS generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological studies also supported the beneficial role of silymarin against Mn - induced hepatic damages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining all , results suggested that silymarin could protect hepatic tissues against Mn - induced oxidative stress probably through its antioxidant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , its supplementation could provide a new approach for the reduction in hepatic complication due to Mn poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of copper overload on the survival of HepG2 and A - 549 human - derived cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the effect of copper ( Cu ) overload ( 20 - 160 micro M / 24 h ) in two cell lines of human hepatic ( HepG2 ) and pulmonary ( A - 549 ) origin by determining lipid and protein damage and the response of the antioxidant defence system .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - 549 cells were more sensitive to Cu overload than HepG2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A marked increase was observed in both the cell lines in the nitrate plus nitrite concentration , protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "carbonyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "thiobarbituric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TBARS increase was consistent with an increment in saturated fatty acids at the expense of polyunsaturated acids in a Cu concentration - dependent fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "saturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant enzymes were stimulated by Cu overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in both the cell lines , with greater increases in HepG2 than in A - 549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A marked increase in ceruloplasmin and metallothionein content in both the cell types was also observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - dependent decreases in alpha - tocopherol and ferric reducing ability were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total glutathione content was lower in A - 549 cells and higher in HepG2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calpain and caspase - 3 were differentially activated in a dose - dependent manner under copper - induced reactive oxygen species production .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that Cu exposure of human lung - and liver - derived cells should be considered a reliable experimental system for detailed study of mechanism / mechanisms by which Cu overload exerts its deleterious effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A human hemi - cornea model for eye irritation testing : quality control of production , reliability and predictive capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed a 3 - dimensional human hemi - cornea which comprises an immortalized epithelial cell line and keratocytes embedded in a collagen stroma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we have used MTT reduction of the whole tissue to clarify whether the production of this complex 3 - D - model is transferable into other laboratories and whether these tissues can be constructed reproducibly .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate the reproducible production of the hemi - cornea model according to standard operation procedures using 15 independent batches of reconstructed hemi - cornea models in two independent laboratories each .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the hemi - cornea tissues have been treated with 20 chemicals of different eye - irritating potential under blind conditions to assess the performance and limitations of our test system comparing three different prediction models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most suitable prediction model revealed an overall in vitro - in vivo concordance of 80 % and 70 % in the participating laboratories , respectively , and an inter - laboratory concordance of 80 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivity of the test was 77 % and specificity was between 57 % and 86 % to discriminate classified from non - classified chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that additional physiologically relevant endpoints in both epithelium and stroma have to be developed for the reliable prediction of all GHS classes of eye irritation in one stand alone test system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High levels of arachidonic acid and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - alpha in breast cancer tissues are associated with promoting cancer cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - alpha ( PPAR alpha ) , which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake , lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to screen candidate fatty acids from breast cancer tissue and to investigate the effects of these candidate fatty acids on PPAR alpha expression , cell growth and cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One breast cancer tissue and one reference tissue were each taken from 30 individual breasts to examine for fatty acid composition and PPAR alpha expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cancer cell lines MDA - MB - 231 ( ER - ) , MCF - 7 ( ER + + + + ) and BT - 474 ( ER + + ) were used to explore the mechanisms regulating cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that arachidonic acid ( AA ) and PPAR alpha were highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AA stimulated the growth of all three breast cancer cells in a time - and dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth stimulatory effect of AA was associated with PPAR alpha activation , and the most potent effect was found in MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stimulation of cell proliferation by AA was accompanied by the increased expression of cyclin E , a reduced population of G1 phase cells , and a faster G1 / S phase transition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , AA had no effects on the levels of CDK2 , CDK4 , cyclin D1 , p27 , Bcl - 2 and Bax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that high levels of AA and PPAR alpha expression in human breast cancer tissues are associated with ER - overexpressed breast cancer cell proliferation , which is involved in activating PPAR alpha , stimulating cyclin E expression , and promoting faster G1 / S transition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E deficiency impairs the somatostatinergic receptor - effector system and leads to phosphotyrosine phosphatase overactivation and cell death in the rat hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "phosphotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of the nervous system , and its deficiency , commonly associated with fat malabsorption diseases , may reduce neuronal survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that the somatostatinergic system , implicated in neuronal survival control , can be modulated by alpha - tocopherol in the rat dentate gyrus , increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "cyclic adenosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain a better understanding of the molecular actions of tocopherols and examine the link among vitamin E , somatostatin and neuronal survival , we have investigated the effects of a deficiency and subsequent administration of tocopherol on the somatostatin signaling pathway and neuronal survival in the rat hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 239]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No changes in somatostatin expression were detected in vitamin - E - deficient rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "vitamin - E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These rats , however , showed a significant increase in the somatostatin receptor density and dissociation constant , which correlated with a significant increase in the protein levels of somatostatin receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , vitamin E deficiency impaired the ability of the somatostatin receptors to couple to the effectors adenylyl cyclase and phosphotyrosine phosphatase by diminishing Gi protein functionality .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "phosphotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , vitamin E deficiency significantly increased phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity and PTP eta expression , as well as PKC delta activation , and decreased extracellular - signal - regulated kinase phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "phosphotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these changes were accompanied by an increase in neuronal cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent alpha - tocopherol administration partially or completely reversed all these values to control levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , our results prove the importance of vitamin E homeostasis in the somatostatin receptor - effector system and suggest a possible mechanism by which this vitamin may regulate the neuronal cell survival in the adult hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergence of zebrafish models in oncology for validating novel anticancer drug targets and nanomaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo zebrafish models have recently attracted great attention in molecular oncology to investigate multiple genetic alterations associated with the development of human cancers and validate novel anticancer drug targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , the transparent zebrafish models can be used as a xenotransplantation system to rapidly assess the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of cancer stem and / or progenitor cells and their progenies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools for an in vivo testing of novel anticancer agents and nanomaterials for counteracting tumor formation and metastases and improving the efficacy of current radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments against aggressive , metastatic and lethal cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin phototoxicity of cosmetic formulations containing photounstable and photostable UV - filters and vitamin A palmitate .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro skin phototoxicity of cosmetic formulations containing photounstable and photostable UV - filters and vitamin A palmitate , assessed by two in vitro techniques : 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test and Human 3 - D Skin Model In Vitro Phototoxicity Test .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this , four different formulations containing vitamin A palmitate and different UV - filters combinations , two of them considered photostable and two of them considered photounstable , were prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solutions of each UV - filter and vitamin under study and solutions of four different combinations under study were also prepared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phototoxicity was assessed in vitro by the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test ( 3T3 - NRU - PT ) and subsequently in a phototoxicity test on reconstructed human skin model ( H3D - PT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avobenzone presented a pronounced phototoxicity and vitamin A presented a tendency to a weak phototoxic potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avobenzone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A synergistic effect of vitamin A palmitate on the phototoxicity of combinations containing avobenzone was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "avobenzone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3D - PT results did not confirm the positive 3T3 - NRU - PT results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , despite the four formulations studied did not present any acute phototoxicity potential , the combination 2 containing octyl methoxycinnamate ( OMC ) , avobenzone ( AVB ) and 4 - methylbenzilidene camphor ( MBC ) presented an indication of phototoxicity that should be better investigated in terms of the frequency of photoallergic or chronic phototoxicity in humans , once these tests are scientifically validated only to detect phototoxic potential with the aim of preventing phototoxic reactions in the general population , and positive results cannot predict the exact incidence of phototoxic reactions in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "octyl methoxycinnamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 151]}, {"entity": "OMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "avobenzone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "AVB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "4 - methylbenzilidene camphor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 214]}, {"entity": "MBC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved procedures for in vitro skin irritation testing of sticky and greasy natural botanicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin irritation evaluation is an important endpoint for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients required by various regulatory authorities for notification and / or import of test substances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was undertaken to investigate possible protocol adaptations of the currently validated in vitro skin irritation test methods based on reconstructed human epidermis ( RhE ) for the testing of plant extracts and natural botanicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to their specific physico - chemical properties , such as lipophilicity , sticky / buttery - like texture , waxy / creamy foam characteristics , normal washing procedures can lead to an incomplete removal of these materials and / or to mechanical damage to the tissues , resulting in an impaired prediction of the true skin irritation potential of the materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason different refined washing procedures were evaluated for their ability to ensure appropriate removal of greasy and sticky substances while not altering the normal responses of the validated RhE test method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst the different procedures evaluated , the use of a SDS 0 . 1 % PBS solution to remove the sticky and greasy test material prior to the normal washing procedures was found to be the most suitable adaptation to ensure efficient removal of greasy and sticky in - house controls without affecting the results of the negative control .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictive capacity of the refined SDS 0 . 1 % washing procedure , was investigated by using twelve oily and viscous compounds having known skin irritation effects supported by raw and / or peer reviewed in vivo data .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The normal washing procedure resulted in 8 out of 10 correctly predicted compounds as compared to 9 out of 10 with the refined washing procedures , showing an increase in the predictive ability of the assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The refined washing procedure allowed to correctly identify all in vivo skin irritant materials showing the same sensitivity as the normal washing procedures , and further increased the specificity of the assay from 5 to 6 correct predictions out of 7 non irritants as compared to the normal washing procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , when exposed to non - irritant oily and viscous materials , tissues rinsed with 0 . 1 % SDS generally showed increased viabilities accompanied by decreased variabilities as compared to the normal washing procedures .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained when testing typical in - house natural botanical ingredients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the use of a refined washing procedure making use of SDS 0 . 1 % in PBS was found a suitable procedure to ensure efficient removal of greasy and sticky materials , leading to an increased predictive capacity and decreased variability of the tissue responses while maintaining its sensitivity and not affecting untreated tissues morphology and viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photochromic materials : more than meets the eye .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photochromic materials are a family of compounds which can undergo reversible photo - switches between two different states or isomers with remarkably different properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspired by their smart photo - switchable characteristics , a variety of light - driven functional materials have been exploited , such as ultrahigh - density optical data storage , molecular switches , logic gates , molecular wires , optic / electronic devices , sensors , bio - imaging and so on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review commences with a brief description of exciting progress in this field , from systems in solution to modified functional surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further development of these photo - switchable systems into practical applications as well as existing challenges are also discussed and put in prospect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 allosteric potentiators prevent sodium lactate - induced panic - like response in panic - vulnerable rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "sodium lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats with chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis by infusion of l - allyglycine , a glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor , into their dorsomedial / perifornical hypothalamus are anxious and exhibit panic - like cardio - respiratory responses to treatment with intravenous ( i . v . ) sodium lactate ( NaLac ) infusions , in a manner similar to what occurs in patients with panic disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "l - allyglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "sodium lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 297]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously showed that either NMDA receptor antagonists or metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 / 3 receptor agonists can block such a NaLac response , suggesting that a glutamate mechanism is contributing to this panic - like state .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this animal model of panic , we tested the efficacy of CBiPES and THIIC , which are selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators ( at 10 - 30 mg / kg i . p . ) , in preventing NaLac - induced panic - like behavioral and cardiovascular responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBiPES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "THIIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The positive control was alprazolam ( 3mg / kg i . p . ) , a clinically effective anti - panic benzodiazepine .", "entity": [{"entity": "alprazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As predicted , panic - prone rats given a NaLac challenge displayed NaLac - induced panic - like cardiovascular ( i . e . tachycardia and hypertensive ) responses and \" anxiety \" ( i . e . decreased social interaction time ) and \" flight \" ( i . e . increased locomotion ) - associated behaviors ; however , systemic injection of the panic - prone rats with CBiPES , THIIC or alprazolam prior to the NaLac dose blocked all NaLac - induced panic - like behaviors and cardiovascular responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "CBiPES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [358, 364]}, {"entity": "THIIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 372]}, {"entity": "alprazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 386]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [400, 405]}, {"entity": "NaLac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [423, 428]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggested that in a rat animal model , selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators show an anti - panic efficacy similar to alprazolam .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "alprazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High multivitamin intakes during pregnancy and postweaning obesogenic diets interact to affect the relationship between expression of PPAR genes and glucose regulation in the offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High multivitamin intake ( HV ) during pregnancy increases body fat and weight and alters glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Wistar rat offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the expression of peroxisome - proliferator activated receptors ( PPARs ) genes involved in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in their tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dams received the AIN - 93G diet with either the regular ( RV ) or 10 - fold multivitamins ( HV ) during pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male offspring were weaned to either the RV diet ( RV - RV and HV - RV ) or an obesogenic diet ( RV - Ob and HV - Ob ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression of PPARs in tissues was analyzed by real - time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gestational diet ( GD ) did not affect PPARs gene expression in offspring at either birth or weaning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In liver , at 14 weeks postweaning , PPAR - gamma was 30 % lower in the HV - RV and 30 % higher in HV - Ob than in the RV - RV group [ GD P = . 76 , postweaning diet ( PD ) P = . 19 , interaction P = . 02 , by two - way analysis of variance ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In muscle , PPAR - alpha expression was affected by GD and PD ( GD P = . 05 , PD P < . 01 , interaction P = . 07 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In adipose tissue , PPAR - alpha expression was higher in all groups compared to RV - RV ( GD P = . 25 , PD P = . 85 , interaction P = . 03 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPAR - gamma mRNA levels correlated with abdominal fat ( r = 0 . 45 , P < . 05 ) and insulin resistance index ( r = 0 . 39 , P < . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In liver , PPAR - gamma expression correlated with insulin resistance index in offspring from RV ( r = - 0 . 62 , P < . 05 ) , but not in those from HV dams ( r = 0 . 13 , P > . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the HV diet during pregnancy interacts with postweaning diets in determining the expression of PPARs genes in a tissue - and age - dependent manner and uncouples the relationship between these genes and glucose regulation and fat mass in the rat offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCAAT / Enhancer - binding protein - homologous protein sensitizes to SU5416 by modulating p21 and PI3K / Akt signal pathway in FRO anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SU5416 , vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor inhibitor , suppresses hypoxia - induced angiogenesis , growth , proliferation , and metastasis in cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein - homologous protein ( CHOP ) has pivotal roles in regulation of growth and survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we evaluated the effects of SU5416 on cell survival , p21 , and PI3K / Akt signal pathway in FRO anaplastic thyroid carcinoma ( ATC ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we investigated the roles of CHOP in cell survival under condition of SU5416 treatment in FRO ATC cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After SU5416 treatment , cell viability , PARP - 1 , and caspase - 3 protein levels were not changed .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 and p27 protein levels decreased while p21 protein levels increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phospho - Akt protein levels were not altered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SU5416 - treated situation , cell viability was not different before and after administration of either p21 siRNA or LY294002 whereas it was lessened after co - administration of p21 siRNA and LY294002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "LY294002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "LY294002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to SU5416 treatment alone , cell viability was reduced with CHOP plasmid but it was unchanged with CHOP siRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PARP - 1 and caspase - 3 protein levels with CHOP plasmid were elevated whereas the protein levels with CHOP siRNA were similar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While CHOP plasmid transfection diminished p21 and phospho - Akt protein levels , CHOP siRNA transfection did not alter the protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these results suggest that CHOP may sensitize FRO ATC cells to SU5416 thereby inhibiting cell survival by modulating p21 and PI3K / Akt signal pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , these findings imply that CHOP may be a possible candidate as the chemosensitizing factor for induction of cytotoxicity in ATC cells exposed to SU5416 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SU5416", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional phenotype of airway myocytes from asthmatic airways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In asthma , the airway smooth muscle ( ASM ) cell plays a central role in disease pathogenesis through cellular changes which may impact on its microenvironment and alter ASM response and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The answer to the long debated question of what makes a ' healthy ' ASM cell become ' asthmatic ' still remains speculative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is known of an ' asthmatic ' ASM cell , is its ability to contribute to the hallmarks of asthma such as bronchoconstriction ( contractile phenotype ) , inflammation ( synthetic phenotype ) and ASM hyperplasia ( proliferative phenotype ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenotype of healthy or diseased ASM cells or tissue for the most part is determined by expression of key phenotypic markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ASM is commonly accepted to have different phenotypes : the contractile ( differentiated ) state versus the synthetic ( dedifferentiated ) state ( with the capacity to synthesize mediators , proliferate and migrate ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is now accumulating evidence that the synthetic functions of ASM in culture derived from asthmatic and non - asthmatic donors differ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these differences include an altered profile and increased production of extracellular matrix proteins , pro - inflammatory mediators and adhesion receptors , collectively suggesting that ASM cells from asthmatic subjects have the capacity to alter their environment , actively participate in repair processes and functionally respond to changes in their microenvironment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead - induced ER calcium release and inhibitory effects of methionine choline in cultured rat hippocampal neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "methionine choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead , a ubiquitous neurotoxicant , can result in learning and memory dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long term potentiation in the hippocampus , a potential neural substrate for learning and memory , is thought to be linked to calcium - triggered intracellular events .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to examine the effects of Pb ( 2 + ) on intracellular and endoplasmic reticulum free calcium concentration ( [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) and [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( ER ) ) in cultured neonatal rat hippocampal neurons and their possible antagonism by methionine choline ; understanding these effects would help explain the lead - induced cognitive and learning dysfunction and explore efficient safety and relief strategies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 152]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 181]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 206]}, {"entity": "methionine choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [296, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that Pb ( 2 + ) increased [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) and decreased [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( ER ) linearly in a time - and concentration - dependant manner , and Pb ( 2 + ) addition after the applying of a ryanodine receptor ( RyR ) antagonist and an inositol - 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate receptor ( IP ( 3 ) R ) antagonist did not increase [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 219]}, {"entity": "inositol - 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 290]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [345, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of 10 , 20 , or 40 mmol / L methionine choline simultaneously with addition of 10 mu mol / L Pb ( 2 + ) decreased [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) in Ca ( 2 + ) - free culture medium by 39 . 0 % , 66 . 0 % , and 61 . 6 % , respectively , in a concentration - dependant manner in a certain dose range .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionine choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 59]}, {"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that Pb ( 2 + ) induces ER calcium release to increase the resting [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) ; and methionine choline inhibit this increase in [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] ( i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "methionine choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 132]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions between bufadienolides derived from toad venom and verapamil in langendorff - perfused guinea - pig hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug toxicity may occur due to dangerous drug combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to investigate the influence of verapamil ( a P - gp inhibitor ) - - bufadienolides interaction on cardiotoxicity and bufadienolide uptake by the isolated heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was performed in Langendorff isolated perfused guinea - pig hearts by bufadienolides infusion in the absence and presence of verapamil ( 250 , 500ng / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arrhythmia parameters were evaluated by ECG and the content of bufadienolides in heart were measured by ultra - performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC - MS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present of verapamil , the wide QRS duration and lightly rapid heart rate ( HR ) were markedly reduced in the early stage of bufadienolide intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the ECG changes characterized by prolonged P - R interval , and slow heart rate and low QRS amplitude in the late stage of bufadienolide intoxication were significantly enhanced .", "entity": [{"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the contents of a variety of bufadienolide compounds in the verapamil + bufadienolide group were significantly higher when cardiac arrest occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although verapamil reduced the bufadienolide - induced ventricular arrhythmias , verapamil worsened heart block and lethal bradycardia of bufadienolides partly via increasing the uptake of bufadienolides in heart tissue , which could compromise the protective effects of verapamil against bufadienolide intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 203]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 280]}, {"entity": "bufadienolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that the verapamil may produce dangerous interactions with drugs containing bufadienolides .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "bufadienolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of NaP zeolite at room temperature and short crystallization time by sonochemical method .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaP zeolite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaP zeolite nano crystals were synthesized by sonochemical method at room temperature with crystallization time of 3h .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaP zeolite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For comparison , to insure the effect of sonochemical method , the hydrothermal method at conventional synthesis condition , with same initial sol composition was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaP zeolites are directly formed by ultrasonic treatment without the application of autogenous pressure and also hydrothermal treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaP zeolites", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of ultrasonic energy and irradiation time showed that with increasing sonication energy , the crystallinity of the powders decreased but phase purity remain unchanged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD , IR , DTA TGA , FESEM , and TEM analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FESEM images revealed that 50 nm zeolite crystals were formed at room temperature by using sonochemical method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , agglomerated particles having cactus / cabbage like structure was obtained by sonochemical method followed by hydrothermal treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sonochemical process , formation of cavitation and the collapsing of bubbles produced huge energy which is sufficient for crystallization of zeolite compared to that supplied by hydrothermal process for conventional synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With increasing irradiation energy and time , the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite samples increased slightly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The value of selected in vitro and in silico methods to predict acute oral toxicity in a regulatory context : Results from the European Project ACuteTox .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACuteTox is a project within the 6th European Framework Programme which had as one of its goals to develop , optimise and prevalidate a non - animal testing strategy for predicting human acute oral toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its last 6months , a challenging exercise was conducted to assess the predictive capacity of the developed testing strategies and final identification of the most promising ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - two chemicals were tested blind in the battery of in vitro and in silico methods selected during the first phase of the project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes the classification approaches studied : single step procedures and two step tiered testing strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , four in vitro testing strategies were proposed as best performing in terms of predictive capacity with respect to the European acute oral toxicity classification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a heuristic testing strategy is suggested that combines the prediction results gained from the neutral red uptake assay performed in 3T3 cells , with information on neurotoxicity alerts identified by the primary rat brain aggregates test method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octanol - water partition coefficients and in silico prediction of intestinal absorption and blood - brain barrier passage are also considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Octanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach allows to reduce the number of chemicals wrongly predicted as not classified ( LD50 > 2000mg / kg b . w . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid sequence of the ligand - binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 predicts sensitivity of wild birds to effects of dioxin - like compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity of avian species to the toxic effects of dioxin - like compounds ( DLCs ) varies up to 1000 - fold among species , and this variability has been associated with interspecies differences in aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 ligand - binding domain ( AHR1 LBD ) sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously showed that LD ( 50 ) values , based on in ovo exposures to DLCs , were significantly correlated with in vitro EC ( 50 ) values obtained with a luciferase reporter gene ( LRG ) assay that measures AHR1 - mediated induction of cytochrome P4501A in COS - 7 cells transfected with avian AHR1 constructs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those findings suggest that the AHR1 LBD sequence and the LRG assay can be used to predict avian species sensitivity to DLCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the AHR1 LBD sequences of 86 avian species were studied , and differences at amino acid sites 256 , 257 , 297 , 324 , 337 , and 380 were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis , the LRG assay , and homology modeling highlighted the importance of each amino acid site in AHR1 sensitivity to 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin and other DLCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the study revealed that ( 1 ) only amino acids at sites 324 and 380 affect the sensitivity of AHR1 expression constructs of the 86 avian species to DLCs and ( 2 ) in vitro luciferase activity of AHR1 constructs containing only the LBD of the species of interest is significantly correlated ( r ( 2 ) = 0 . 93 , p < 0 . 0001 ) with in ovo toxicity data for those species .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate promise for the use of AHR1 LBD amino acid sequences independently , or combined with the LRG assay , to predict avian species sensitivity to DLCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acid - induced gelation behavior of soybean protein isolate with high intensity ultrasonic pre - treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High intensity ultrasonic ( HUS , 20 kHz , 400 W ) pre - treatments of soybean protein isolate ( SPI ) improved the water holding capacity ( WHC ) , gel strength and gel firmness ( final elastic moduli ) of glucono - delta - lactone induced SPI gels ( GISG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucono - delta - lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonication time ( 0 , 5 , 20 , and 40 min ) had a significant effect on the above three properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20 min HUS - GISG had the highest WHC ( 95 . 53 +/- 0 . 25 % ) , gel strength ( 60 . 90 +/- 2 . 87 g ) and gel firmness ( 96340Pa ) , compared with other samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , SH groups and non - covalent interactions of GISG also changed after HUS pre - treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HUS GISG had denser and more uniform microstructures than the untreated GISG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheological investments showed that the cooling step ( reduce the temperature from 95 to 25 degrees C at a speed of 2 degrees C / min ) was more important for the HUS GISG network formation while the heat preservation step ( keep temperature at 95 for 20 min ) was more important for the untreated GISG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HUS reduced the particle size of SPI and Pearson correlation test showed that the particle size of SPI dispersions was negatively correlated with WHC , gel strength and gel firmness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteomic allergen - peptide / protein interaction assay for the identification of human skin sensitizers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modification of proteins by skin sensitizers is a pivotal step in T cell mediated allergic contact dermatitis ( ACD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this process small reactive chemicals interact covalently or non - covalently with cellular or extracellular skin self - proteins or self - peptides to become recognized by the human immune system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aiming to develop a novel non - animal in vitro test system for predicting sensitization potential of small reactive chemicals in human skin the allergen - peptide / protein interaction assay ( APIA ) has been developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying modern proteomic technologies together with a target peptide containing all amino acids , the assay permits the profiling of all amino acid specific allergen - peptide interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , potentially crucial allergen - specific Cys - modifications are qualitatively monitored by mass spectrometry and confirmed by a dual peptide approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assay conditions chosen mimic the distinct human epidermal reactivity compartments of the skin surface ( pH 5 . 5 ) , stratum basale ( pH 6 . 8 ) , and typical physiological conditions ( pH 7 . 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extreme as well as a moderate human contact sensitizer produced Cys - specific mass shifts , whereas a skin irritant did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that MALDI - MS based and skin - related in vitro technology platforms - like the APIA - are promising tools in developing alternative non - animal allergen assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This will assist in chemical classification and next generation risk assessment strategies , including REACH and experimental immunotoxicology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overview of transcriptional regulation in response to toxicological insult .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The completion of the human genome project and the subsequent advent of DNA microarray and high - throughput sequencing technologies have led to a renaissance in molecular toxicology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicogenomic data sets , from both in vivo and in vitro studies , are growing exponentially , providing a wealth of information on regulation of stress pathways at the transcriptome level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through such studies , we are now beginning to appreciate the diversity and complexity of biological responses to xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we aim to consolidate and summarise the major toxicologically relevant transcription factor - governed molecular pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is becoming clear that different chemical entities can cause oxidative , genotoxic and proteotoxic stress , which induce cellular responses in an effort to restore homoeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary among the response pathways involved are NFE2L2 ( Nrf2 ) , NFE2L1 ( Nrf1 ) , p53 , heat shock factor and the unfolded protein response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , more specific mechanisms exist where xenobiotics act as ligands , including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor , metal - responsive transcription factor - 1 and the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other pathways including the immunomodulatory transcription factors NF - kappa B and STAT together with the hypoxia - inducible transcription factor HIF are also implicated in cellular responses to xenobiotic exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A less specific but equally important aspect to cellular injury controlled by transcriptional activity is loss of tissue - specific gene expression , resulting in dedifferentiation of target cells and compromise of tissue function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review these pathways and the genes they regulate in order to provide an overview of this growing field of molecular toxicology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Creaming enhancement in a liter scale ultrasonic reactor at selected transducer configurations and frequencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research has shown that high frequency ultrasound ( 0 . 4 - 3 MHz ) , can enhance milkfat separation in small scale systems able to treat only a few milliliters of sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the effect of ultrasonic standing waves on milkfat creaming was studied in a 6L reactor and the influence of different frequencies and transducer configurations in direct contact with the fluid was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recombined coarse milk emulsion with fat globules stained with oil - red - O dye was selected for the separation trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "oil - red - O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Runs were performed with one or two transducers placed in vertical ( parallel or perpendicular ) and horizontal positions ( at the reactor base ) at 0 . 4 , 1 and / or 2 MHz ( specific energy 8 . 5 +/- 0 . 6 kJ / kg per transducer ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Creaming behavior was assessed by measuring the thickness of the separated cream layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other methods supporting this assessment included the measurement of fat content , backscattering , particle size distribution , and microscopy of samples taken at the bottom and top of the reactor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most efficient creaming was found after treatment at 0 . 4 MHz in single and double vertical transducer configurations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these configurations , a higher separation rate was obtained when sonicating at 0 . 4 MHz in a vertical perpendicular double transducer setup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The horizontal transducer configuration promoted creaming at 2 MHz only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fat globule size increase was observed when creaming occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This research highlights the potential for enhanced separation of milkfat in larger scale systems from selected transducer configurations in contact with a dairy emulsion , or emulsion splitting in general .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variations in the nature of behavioral experience can differentially alter the consequences of developmental exposures to lead , prenatal stress , and the combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral experience ( BE ) can critically influence later behavior and brain function , but the central nervous system ( CNS ) consequences of most developmental neurotoxicants are examined in the absence of any such context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated marked differences in neurotransmitter changes produced by developmental lead ( Pb ) exposure +/- prenatal stress ( PS ) depending upon whether or not rats had been given BE ( Cory - Slechta , D .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . , Virgolini , M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B . , Rossi - George , A . , Weston , D . , and Thiruchelvam , M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 2009 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study examined the hypothesis that the nature of the BE itself would be a critical determinant of outcome in mice that had been continually exposed to 0 or 100 ppm Pb acetate in drinking water alone or in combination with prenatal restraint stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Half of the offspring in each of the four resulting groups / gender were exposed to positively reinforced ( food - rewarded Fixed Interval schedule - controlled behavior ) or negatively reinforced ( inescapable forced swim ) BE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain monoamines and amino acids differed significantly in relation to BE , even in control animals , as did the trajectory of effects of Pb +/- PS , particularly in frontal cortex , hippocampus ( both genders ) , and midbrain ( males ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In males , Pb +/- PS - related changes in neurotransmitters correlated with behavioral performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that CNS consequences of developmental toxicants studied in the absence of a broader spectrum of BEs may not necessarily be predictive of human outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluating the role of specific BEs as a modulator of neurodevelopmental insults offers the opportunity to determine what specific BEs may ameliorate the associated impacts and can assist in establishing underlying neurobiological mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Amino - alpha ' - Halomethylketones : Synthetic Methodologies and Pharmaceutical Applications as Serine and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Amino - alpha ' - Halomethylketones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 43]}, {"entity": "Serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Amino - alpha ' - halomethylketones are interesting scaffolds bearing ( at least ) two sequential electrophilic carbons that by interacting with the nucleophilic moieties of several enzymes , represent the ideal candidates for in vivo and in vitro inhibition studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Amino - alpha ' - halomethylketones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 43]}, {"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work a summary of their use as optimal inhibitors of physiologically relevant serine and cysteine proteases is given with a particular emphasis on recently established SAR studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A brief survey of the most relevant synthetic processes for their obtainment and the importance they possess in synthetic medicinal chemistry is reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholinergic modulation by opioid receptor ligands : potential application to Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphinans have a storied history in medicinal chemistry as pain management drugs but have received attention as modulators of cholinergic signaling for the treatment of Alzheimer ' s Disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphinans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galantamine is a reversible , competitive acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) inhibitor and allosteric potentiating ligand of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChR - APL ) that shares many common structural elements with morphinan - based opioids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "morphinan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline , like galantamine , are also nAChR - APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE , representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR - APL development .", "entity": [{"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "eseroline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with the emerging repurposing trend of evaluating known compounds for novel pharmacological activity , ongoing research on augmentation of cholinergic signaling that has been aided by the use of opioids will be reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adhesion of osteoblasts to a vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adhesion of cells to vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes is reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attraction between a negatively charged nanotube surface and a negatively charged osteoblast is facilitated by charged protein - mediators like proteins with a quadrupolar internal charge distribution , fibronectin and vitronectin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts on vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube surfaces depend on the diameter of the nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently , a small diameter nanotube surface has on average more sharp convex edges per unit area than a large one , leading to stronger binding affinity on its surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manganese - enhanced magnetic resonance imaging detects declining pancreatic beta - cell mass in a cyclophosphamide - accelerated mouse model of type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , there is no ideal noninvasive method to quantify the progressive loss of pancreatic beta - cell mass ( BCM ) that occurs in type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic resonance imaging has detected gross differences in BCM between healthy and diabetic mice using the contrast agent manganese , which labels functional beta - cells and increases the water proton relaxation rate ( R1 ) , but its ability to measure gradations in BCM during disease progression is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective was to test the hypothesis that measurements of the manganese - enhanced pancreatic R1 could detect decreasing BCM in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used cyclophosphamide - accelerated BDC2 . 5 T - cell receptor transgenic nonobese diabetic mice , which experience development of type 1 diabetes during a 7 - day time period after cyclophosphamide injection , whereas transgene - negative mice do not .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured the manganese - enhanced pancreatic R1 before cyclophosphamide injection ( day 0 ) and on days 3 , 4 , 5 , and 7 afterward .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic R1 remained constant in transgene - negative mice and decreased stepwise day - to - day in transgene - positive mice , mirroring their loss of BCM , confirmed by pancreatic insulin measurements and histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in R1 in transgene - positive mice occurred before elevations in blood glucose , a clinical indicator of diabetes , suggesting potential for early noninvasive detection of changes in functional BCM .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bcl - 2 and Bcl - xL suppress glucose signaling in pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B - cell lymphoma 2 ( Bcl - 2 ) family proteins are established regulators of cell survival , but their involvement in the normal function of primary cells has only recently begun to receive attention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we demonstrate that chemical and genetic loss - of - function of antiapoptotic Bcl - 2 and Bcl - x ( L ) significantly augments glucose - dependent metabolic and Ca ( 2 + ) signals in primary pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antagonism of Bcl - 2 / Bcl - x ( L ) by two distinct small - molecule compounds rapidly hyperpolarized beta - cell mitochondria , increased cytosolic Ca ( 2 + ) , and stimulated insulin release via the ATP - dependent pathway in beta - cell under substimulatory glucose conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments with single and double Bax - Bak knockout beta - cells established that this occurred independently of these proapoptotic binding partners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic beta - cells from Bcl - 2 ( - / - ) mice responded to glucose with significantly increased NAD ( P ) H levels and cytosolic Ca ( 2 + ) signals , as well as significantly augmented insulin secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inducible deletion of Bcl - x ( L ) in adult mouse beta - cells also increased glucose - stimulated NAD ( P ) H and Ca ( 2 + ) responses and resulted in an improvement of in vivo glucose tolerance in the conditional Bcl - x ( L ) knockout animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our work suggests that prosurvival Bcl proteins normally dampen the beta - cell response to glucose and thus reveals these core apoptosis proteins as integrators of cell death and physiology in pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual - responsive nanoparticles and their self - assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual - responsive nanoparticles are designed by functionalizing magnetic cores with light - responsive ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials respond to both light and magnetic fields and can be assembled into various higher - order structures , depending on the relative contributions of these two stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics and clinical use of valganciclovir in newborns with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "valganciclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of psychomotor retardation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newborns suffering from symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection have been typically treated with i . v . ganciclovir ( GCV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganciclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays valganciclovir ( V - GCV ) , a mono - valyl ester pro - drug of GCV , is available as an oral syrup .", "entity": [{"entity": "valganciclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "V - GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "mono - valyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existing literature demonstrated that V - GCV is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is rapidly converted into GCV in the intestinal wall and liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "V - GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of antiviral action is the same that has been described for GCV .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these characteristics make this formulation particularly suitable for the symptomatic congenitally infected newborns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In neonates , V - GCV oral formulation proved stable and constant GVC plasma concentrations , in the suggested therapeutic range .", "entity": [{"entity": "V - GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The syrup demonstrated to be clinically effective and well tolerated and to be appropriate for a prolonged post - discharge therapy avoiding the discomfort of hospitalization , reducing the risk for nosocomial infections and decreasing the cost for the National Health Service .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews all the available literature about V - GCV syrup in the treatment of newborns and infants with congenital CMV infection with the regard to pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamic properties and clinical use , focussing on new data and on our experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "V - GCV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noncanonical control of C . elegans germline apoptosis by the insulin / IGF - 1 and Ras / MAPK signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The insulin / IGF - 1 pathway controls a number of physiological processes in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans , including development , aging and stress response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously found that the Akt / PKB ortholog AKT - 1 dampens the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress in the germline by negatively regulating the p53 - like transcription factor CEP - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report unexpected rearrangements to the insulin / IGF - 1 pathway , whereby the insulin - like receptor DAF - 2 and 3 - phosphoinositide - dependent protein kinase PDK - 1 oppose AKT - 1 to promote DNA damage - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While DNA damage does not affect phosphorylation at the PDK - 1 site Thr350 / Thr308 of AKT - 1 , it increased phosphorylation at Ser517 / Ser473 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser517", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "Ser473", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although ablation of daf - 2 or pdk - 1 completely suppressed akt - 1 - dependent apoptosis , the transcriptional activation of CEP - 1 was unaffected , suggesting that daf - 2 and pdk - 1 act independently or downstream of cep - 1 and akt - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ablation of the akt - 1 paralog akt - 2 or the downstream target of the insulin / IGF - 1 pathway daf - 16 ( a FOXO transcription factor ) restored sensitivity to damage - induced apoptosis in daf - 2 and pdk - 1 mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , daf - 2 and pdk - 1 mutants have reduced levels of phospho - MPK - 1 / ERK in their germ cells , indicating that the insulin / IGF - 1 pathway promotes Ras signaling in the germline .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ablation of the Ras effector gla - 3 , a negative regulator of mpk - 1 , restored sensitivity to apoptosis in daf - 2 mutants , suggesting that gla - 3 acts downstream of daf - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the hypersensitivity of let - 60 / Ras gain - of - function mutants to damage - induced apoptosis was suppressed to wild - type levels by ablation of daf - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , insulin / IGF - 1 signaling selectively engages AKT - 2 / DAF - 16 to promote DNA damage - induced germ cell apoptosis downstream of CEP - 1 through the Ras pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of anoctamin - 6 / Tmem16f , a regulator of phosphatidylserine scrambling in osteoblasts , leads to decreased mineral deposition in skeletal tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During vertebrate skeletal development , osteoblasts produce a mineralized bone matrix by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the extracellular matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anoctamin6 / Tmem16F ( Ano6 ) belongs to a conserved family of transmembrane proteins with chloride channel properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Ano6 has been linked to phosphatidylserine ( PS ) scrambling in the plasma membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During skeletogenesis , Ano6 mRNA is expressed in differentiating and mature osteoblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of Ano6 in mice results in reduced skeleton size and skeletal deformities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis revealed that chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation are not disturbed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , mutant mice display increased regions of nonmineralized , Ibsp - expressing osteoblasts in the periosteum during embryonic development and increased areas of uncalcified osteoid postnatally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In primary Ano6 ( - / - ) osteoblasts , mineralization is delayed , indicating a cell autonomous function of Ano6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we demonstrate that calcium - dependent PS scrambling is impaired in osteoblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study is the first to our knowledge to reveal the requirement of Ano6 in PS scrambling in osteoblasts , supporting a function of PS exposure in the deposition of hydroxyapatite .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragrance chemicals lyral and lilial decrease viability of HaCat cells ' by increasing free radical production and lowering intracellular ATP level : protection by antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "lilial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate in this study the biochemical effects on cells in culture of two commonly used fragrance chemicals : lyral and lilial .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "lilial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas both chemicals exerted a significant effect on primary keratinocyte ( s ) , HaCat cells , no effect was obtained with any of HepG2 , Hek293 , Caco2 , NIH3T3 , and MCF7 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyral and lilial : ( a ) decreased the viability of HaCat cells with a 50 % cell death at 100 and 60 nM respectively ; ( b ) decreased significantly in a dose dependant manner the intracellular ATP level following 12 - h of treatment ; ( c ) inhibited complexes I and II of electron transport chain in liver sub - mitochondrial particles ; and ( d ) increased reactive oxygen species generation that was reversed by N - acetyl cysteine and trolox and the natural antioxidant lipoic acid , without influencing the level of free and / or oxidized glutathione .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lyral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "lilial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 375]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [416, 435]}, {"entity": "trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [440, 446]}, {"entity": "lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [475, 486]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [545, 556]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipoic acid protected HaCat cells against the decrease in viability induced by either compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dehydrogenation of lyral and lilial produce alpha , beta - unsaturated aldehydes , that reacts with lipoic acid requiring proteins resulting in their inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "lilial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "alpha , beta - unsaturated aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 80]}, {"entity": "lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose lyral and lilial as toxic to mitochondria that have a direct effect on electron transport chain , increase ROS production , derange mitochondrial membrane potential , and decrease cellular ATP level , leading thus to cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "lilial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver nanoparticles induce toxicity in A549 cells via ROS - dependent and ROS - independent pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) are incorporated into a large number of consumer and medical products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several experiments have demonstrated that AgNPs can be toxic to the vital organs of humans and especially to the lung .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study evaluated the in vitro mechanisms of AgNP ( < 100 nm ) toxicity in relationship to the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AgNPs caused ROS formation in the cells , a reduction in their cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , an increase in the proportion of cells in the sub - G1 ( apoptosis ) population , S phase arrest and down - regulation of the cell cycle associated proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) protein , in a concentration - and time - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of the A549 cells with N - acetyl - cysteine ( NAC ) , an antioxidant , decreased the effects of AgNPs on the reduced cell viability , change in the MMP and proportion of cells in the sub - G1population , but had no effect on the AgNP - mediated S phase arrest or down - regulation of PCNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetyl - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations allow us to propose that the in vitro toxic effects of AgNPs on A549 cells are mediated via both ROS - dependent ( cytotoxicity ) and ROS - independent ( cell cycle arrest ) pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico structural and functional analysis of the human TOPK protein by structure modeling and molecular dynamics studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over expression of T - lymphokine - activated killer cell - originated protein kinase ( TOPK ) has been associated with leukemia , myeloma tumors and various other cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The function and regulatory mechanism of TOPK in tumor cells remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural studies that could reveal the regulatory mechanism have been a challenge because of the unavailabity of TOPK ' s crystal structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , in this study , the 3D structure of TOPK protein has been constructed by using multiple templates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quality and reliability of the generated model was checked and the molecular dynamics method was utilized to refine the model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APBS method was employed to know the electrostatic potential surface of the modeled protein and it was found that the optimum pH for protein stability is 3 . 4 which will further help in mechanistic hypothesis of TOPK protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active site of TOPK was identified from available literature and HTVS was employed to identify the lead molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expected binding modes of protein - ligand complexes were reproduced in the MD simulation which indicates that the complex is relatively stable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetic properties of the lead molecules are also under acceptable range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TOPK act as a substrate for CDK1 and the protein - protein docking and dynamics studies were carried out to analyze the effect of Thr9Ala mutation of TOPK in the two protein complex formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It shows that the wild type complex is more stable when compared with the mutant type .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such structural information at atomic level not only exhibits the action modes of TOPK inhibitors but also furnishes a novel starting point for structure based drug design of TOPK inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low calorie and carbohydrate diet : to improve the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a moderate calorie and carbohydrate - restricted diet on cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese patients with prediabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical trial was conducted in which 86 subjects presenting with overweight or obesity and prediabetes received a personalized diet of 1 , 200 to 1 , 700 calories with a distribution of 50 % carbohydrates , 20 % proteins , and 30 % fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body weight , fat mass , and lean mass were measured through bioimpedance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose , total cholesterol , high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density cholesterol , and triglycerides were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurements were taken at the beginning of , and at , 6 and 12 months during the intervention , and the differences were compared by paired Student ' s t and chi ( 2 ) tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 12 months , a significant reduction was noticed in body weight in patients with overweight and obesity ( 72 . 4 +/- 7 . 8 - 69 . 6 +/- 7 . 5 kg ) ( 85 . 7 +/- 14 . 8 - 80 . 2 +/- 12 . 7 kg ) with body mass index ( 28 . 2 +/- 0 . 8 - 27 . 2 +/- 2 . 1 kg / m ( 2 ) ) ( 34 . 3 +/- 3 . 5 - 32 . 1 +/- 3 . 2 kg / m ( 2 ) ) , systolic ( 120 . 9 +/- 14 . 2 - 112 . 4 +/- 11 . 5 mmHg ) ( 124 . 1 +/- 11 . 9 - 115 . 7 +/- 14 . 0 mmHg ) , diastolic blood pressures ( 79 . 0 +/- 9 . 3 - 71 . 8 +/- 8 . 3 mmHg ) ( 80 . 4 +/- 9 . 0 - 73 . 7 +/- 13 . 1 mmHg ) , glucose ( 106 . 0 +/- 8 . 9 - 95 . 9 +/- 7 . 5 mg / dL ) ( 107 . 3 +/- 7 . 0 - 97 . 0 +/- 8 . 2 mg / dL ) , and significant improvement on lipid profile ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [551, 558]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The restrictions in the calorie and carbohydrate diet decrease the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitation of UGT1A1 in human liver microsomes using stable isotope - labelled peptides and mass spectrometry based proteomic approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . UDP - glucuronosyltransferases ( UGTs ) are a group of drug - metabolizing enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of endogeonous compounds and xenobiotics to yield hydrophilic glucuronides which subsequently undergo excretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes an approach for the identification and accurate quantitation of human UGT1A1 in complex biological matrices using liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry ( LC - MS / MS ) analysis of protein digests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . A stable isotope - labelled ( SIL ) peptide of a unique peptide spanning residues 54 - 69 in exon 1 of the human UGT1A1 protein with the sequence RIYLSADPALVVIEHG was synthesized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptide sequence synthesized was in the reverse order of the human peptide with the stable isotope - labels in the amino acid arginine ( ( 13 ) C6 ( 15 ) N4 ) resulting in an increase in the mass of the SIL peptide of 10 amu , from 1753 to 1763 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C6 ( 15 ) N4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SIL peptide was quantitated by injecting increasing concentrations of the peptide into the LC - MS to obtain a standard curve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . The labelled peptide along with precursor ion monitoring was used to quantify the levels of UGT1A1 in commercial recombinant preparations ( supersomes ) and individual human liver microsomal samples and pooled human liver micrsomes obtained from BD Biosciences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . Glucuronidation activity studies were performed , which demonstrated a positive correlation between enzyme activity levels and the UGT1A1 content in the liver microsomes obtained from individual human donors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dose response study to assess effects after dietary administration of diisononyl phthalate ( DINP ) in gestation and lactation on male rat sexual development .", "entity": [{"entity": "diisononyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "DINP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male rat sexual development was evaluated after dietary administration of 0 , 760 , 3800 , 11 , 400 ppm diisononyl phthalate ( DiNP ) and 7600 ppm dibutyl phthalate ( DBP ) from gestation day ( GD ) 12 to postnatal day ( PND ) 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "diisononyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 124]}, {"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "dibutyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal weight was reduced on GD 20 , PND 2 and 14 at 11 , 400 ppm DiNP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pup weight was reduced on PND 2 and 14 at 11 , 400 and 3800 ppm DiNP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBP induced multinucleated germ cells ( MNGs ) and Leydig cell aggregates ( LCAs ) in PND 2 testes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7600 ppm DBP reduced anogenital distance ( AGD ) on PND 2 and 14 , and increased nipple retention and reproductive tract malformations on PND 49 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DiNP induced MNGs ( 3800 ppm ) and LCAs ( 11 , 400 ppm ) on PND 2 , and reduced AGD ( 11 , 400 ppm ) on PND 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DiNP did not alter AGD , nipple retention or reproductive tract malformations on PND 49 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global endpoint analysis showed no evidence of a rat \" phthalate syndrome \" on PND 49 with DiNP administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "DiNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of collagen Q expression in the extrajunctional regions of rat fast muscles is encoded in their stem cells ( satellite cells ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat fast muscles , collagen Q ( ColQ ) expression is restricted to the neuromuscular junctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , it is high also extrajunctionally in the slow soleus muscles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fast muscles activated by chronic low - frequency electrical stimulation , similar to neural activation of the soleus muscles , did not increase their extrajunctional expression of ColQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assumed that the myogenic stem cells ( satellite cells ) in fast and slow muscles were intrinsically different in regard to the capacity that they convey to their respective muscle fibers to increase the extrajunctional ColQ expression upon innervation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ColQ mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real - time PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive neural suppression of the extrajunctional ColQ expression in regenerating fast muscles during maturation is a very slow process requiring 30 - 60days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the immature regenerating fast EDL muscles were indirectly or directly electrically stimulated immediately after innervation by chronic low - frequency impulse pattern for 8days , no significant increase of the extrajunctional ColQ mRNA levels was observed in stimulated regenerates in comparison to non - stimulated ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the extrajunctional ColQ mRNA levels in the regenerates of the soleus muscles , trans - innervated by the EDL nerve at the time of muscle injury , increased 4 - to 5 - fold after 8days of the same chronic low - frequency electrical stimulation in comparison to those in the stimulated EDL regenerates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since both fast and slow muscles completely regenerated only from their own myogenic stem cells and were innervated by the same nerve and later activated by the same tonic pattern of impulses , these results demonstrated that the mechanism causing incapacity of regenerating fast muscles to increase their extrajunctional ColQ expression upon tonic activation is encoded in their satellite cells , which in this respect differ from those in the slow muscles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium treatment induces proteasomal degradation of over - expressed acetylcholinesterase ( AChE - S ) and inhibit GSK3 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium is one of the most widely used mood - stabilizing agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium is also a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase - 3 beta ( GSK3 beta ) activity , which is linked to Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In experiments with cultured HEK293T cells , we show here that GSK3 beta stabilizes synaptic acetylcholinesterase ( AChE - S ) , a critical component of AD development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells treated with lithium exhibited rapid proteasomal degradation of AChE - S .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore treatment of the cells with MG132 , an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome , prevented the destabilizing effect of lithium on AChE - S .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these findings suggest that regulation of AChE - S protein stability may be an important biological target of lithium therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity of terpenes on fibroblast cells compared to their hemolytic potential and increase in erythrocyte membrane fluidity .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terpenes are considered potent skin permeation enhancers with low toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) spectroscopy of the spin label 5 - doxyl stearic acid ( 5 - DSA ) was used to monitor the effect of sesquiterpene nerolidol and various monoterpenes on membrane fluidity in erythrocyte and fibroblast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - doxyl stearic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 93]}, {"entity": "5 - DSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "monoterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the hemolytic levels and cytotoxic effects on cultured fibroblast cells were also measured to investigate possible relationships between the cellular irritation potentials of terpenes and the ability to modify membrane fluidity .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All terpenes increased cell membrane fluidity with no significant differences between the monoterpenes , but the effect of sesquiterpene was significantly greater than that of the monoterpenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "monoterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "monoterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC ( 50 ) values for the terpenes in the cytotoxicity assay indicated that 1 , 8 - cineole showed lower cytotoxicity and alpha - terpineol and nerolidol showed higher cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "1 , 8 - cineole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 142]}, {"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation between the hemolytic effect and the IC ( 50 ) values for fibroblast viability was low ( R = 0 . 61 ) ; however , in both tests , nerolidol was among the most aggressive of terpenes and 1 , 8 - cineole was among the least aggressive .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}, {"entity": "1 , 8 - cineole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtaining information concerning the toxicity and potency of terpenes could aid in the design of topical formulations optimized to facilitate drug absorption for the treatment of many skin diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A probable clinically significant interaction between warfarin and cloxacillin : three case reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "cloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASES : Three patients were admitted to the Imam Hospital , Tehran , Iran with a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients had indications for valve replacement surgery and anticoagulant therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of cloxacillin reduced the effect of warfarin , and subsequent increases in warfarin doses were unable to overcome this effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "cloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A decrease in warfarin anticoagulation effects was detected in our three patients following cloxacillin therapy for infective endocarditis .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "cloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penicillinase - resistant penicillins remain essential antibiotics in the treatment of severe infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus due to their bactericidal activity , safety , and cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in situations where anticoagulants are indicated in patients with infective endocarditis , it would be better to replace warfarin with low - molecular - weight or unfractionated heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal uterine bleeding and dysfunctional uterine bleeding in pediatric and adolescent gynecology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal uterine bleeding ( AUB ) , which is defined as excessively heavy , prolonged and / or frequent bleeding of uterine origin , is a frequent cause of visits to the Emergency Department and / or health care provider .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there are many etiologies of AUB , the one most likely among otherwise healthy adolescents is dysfunctional uterine bleeding ( DUB ) , which is characterizing any AUB when all possible underlying pathologic causes have been previously excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common cause of DUB in adolescence is anovulation , which is very frequent in the first 2 - 3 post - menarchal years and is associated with immaturity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - ovarian axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Management of AUB is based on the underlying etiology and the severity of the bleeding and primary goals are prevention of complications , such as anemia and reestablishment of regular cyclical bleeding , while the management of DUB can in part be directed by the amount of flow , the degree of associated anemia , as well as patient and family comfort with different treatment modalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment options for DUB are : combined oral contraceptives ( COCs ) , progestogens , non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) , tranexamic acid ( anti - fibrinolytic ) , GnRH analogues , Danazol and Levonorgestrel releasing intra uterine system ( LNG IUS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "progestogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 184]}, {"entity": "Danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 204]}, {"entity": "Levonorgestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assessment of pure , hybrid , meta , and hybrid - meta GGA density functional theory methods for open - shell systems : the case of the nonheme iron enzyme 8R - LOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance of a range density functional theory functionals combined in a quantum mechanical ( QM ) / molecular mechanical ( MM ) approach was investigated in their ability to reliably provide geometries , electronic distributions , and relative energies of a multicentered open - shell mechanistic intermediate in the mechanism 8R - Lipoxygenase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the use of large QM / MM active site chemical models , the smallest average differences in geometries between the catalytically relevant quartet and sextet complexes were obtained with the B3LYP ( * ) functional .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in the case of the relative energies between ( 4 ) II and ( 6 ) II , the use of the B3LYP ( * ) functional provided a difference of 0 . 0 kcal mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , B3LYP ( +/- ) and B3LYP also predicted differences in energies of less than 1 kcal mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of describing the electronic distribution ( i . e . , spin density ) , the B3LYP ( * ) , B3LYP , or M06 - L functionals appeared to be the most suitable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the results obtained suggest that for systems with multiple centers having unpaired electrons , the B3LYP ( * ) appears most well rounded to provide reliable geometries , electronic structures , and relative energies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design of a testing strategy using non - animal based test methods : Lessons learnt from the ACuteTox project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the framework of toxicology , a testing strategy can be viewed as a series of steps which are taken to come to a final prediction about a characteristic of a compound under study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The testing strategy is performed as a single - step procedure , usually called a test battery , using simultaneously all information collected on different endpoints , or as tiered approach in which a decision tree is followed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design of a testing strategy involves statistical considerations , such as the development of a statistical prediction model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the EU FP6 ACuteTox project , several prediction models were proposed on the basis of statistical classification algorithms which we illustrate here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final choice of testing strategies was not based on statistical considerations alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , without thorough statistical evaluations a testing strategy cannot be identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present here a number of observations made from the statistical viewpoint which relate to the development of testing strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The points we make were derived from problems we had to deal with during the evaluation of this large research project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A central issue during the development of a prediction model is the danger of overfitting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procedures are presented to deal with this challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of TNF - alpha in renal damage in mice showing hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to investigate the role of TNF - alpha in renal damage observed in mice with hepatic steatosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We induced hepatic steatosis in mice using high fat diet and treated mice with ectanercept at the dose sufficient to block TNF - alpha receptors or vehicle for 1 month .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma TNF - alpha , total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , LDL - cholesterol ( LDL - C ) , and HDL - cholesterol ( HDL - C ) were determined at the end of this treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal damage was identified by histologic observation and the higher of serum blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , changes of PPAR - delta in kidney and renal mesangial cell ( RMC ) were analyzed using Western blot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma TNF - alpha was markedly raised in mice showing hepatic steatosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the levels of blood lipids ( TC , TG , HDL - C , and LDL - C ) and TNF - alpha were not modified by the treatment of etanercept although the hepatic steatosis has been improved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Etanercept shows renal protection from histological identification and recovery of serum BUN and creatinine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , restoration of PPAR - delta expression by etanercept was observed in mice kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct effect of TNF - alpha on PPAR - delta expression was also characterized in RMC cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that renal damage in mice with hepatic steatosis is mainly induced by increase of TNF - alpha through the decrease of renal PPAR - delta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Etanercept could block TNF - alpha receptors to restore PPAR - delta and improve renal function in mice with hepatic steatosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of A ( 1 ) adenosine receptor attenuates alpha - naphthylisothiocyanate - induced cholestatic liver injury in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "alpha - naphthylisothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholestasis has limited therapeutic options and is associated with high morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A ( 1 ) adenosine receptor ( A ( 1 ) AR ) was postulated to participate in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis induced by experimental extrahepatic cholestasis ; however , the contribution of A ( 1 ) AR to intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found that mice lacking A ( 1 ) AR were resistant to alpha - naphthyl isothiocyanate ( ANIT ) - induced liver injury , as evidenced by lower serum liver enzyme levels and reduced extent of histological necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - naphthyl isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 94]}, {"entity": "ANIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acid accumulation in liver and serum was markedly diminished in A ( 1 ) AR ( - / - ) mice compared with wild - type ( WT ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , biliary and urinary outputs of bile acids were significantly enhanced in A ( 1 ) AR ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the liver , mRNA expression of genes related to bile acid transport ( Bsep and Mdr2 ) and hydroxylation ( Cyp3a11 ) was increased in A ( 1 ) AR ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the kidney , A ( 1 ) AR deficiency prevented the decrease of glomerular filtration rate caused by ANIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "ANIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of WT mice with A ( 1 ) AR antagonist DPCPX also protected against ANIT hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPCPX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "ANIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated that lack of A ( 1 ) AR gene protects mice from ANIT - induced cholestasis by enhancing toxic biliary constituents efflux through biliary excretory route and renal elimination system and suggested a potential role of A ( 1 ) AR as therapeutic target for the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ANIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methamphetamine - induced nitric oxide promotes vesicular transport in blood - brain barrier endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methamphetamine ' s ( METH ) neurotoxicity is thought to be in part due to its ability to induce blood - brain barrier ( BBB ) dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the effect of METH on barrier properties of cultured rat primary brain microvascular endothelial cells ( BMVECs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transendothelial flux doubled in response to METH , irrespective of the size of tracer used .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , transendothelial electrical resistance was unchanged as was the ultrastructural appearance of inter - endothelial junctions and the distribution of key junction proteins , suggesting that METH promoted vesicular but not junctional transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , METH significantly increased uptake of horseradish peroxidase into vesicular structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METH also enhanced transendothelial migration of lymphocytes indicating that the endothelial barrier against both molecules and cells was compromised .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barrier breakdown was only observed in response to METH at low micromolar concentrations , with enhanced vesicular uptake peaking at 1 mu M METH .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BMVEC response to METH also involved rapid activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and its inhibition abrogated METH - induced permeability and lymphocyte migration , indicating that nitric oxide was a key mediator of BBB disruption in response to METH .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study underlines the key role of nitric oxide in BBB function and describes a novel mechanism of drug - induced fluid - phase transcytosis at the BBB .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centrally acting oximes in reactivation of tabun - phosphoramidated AChE .", "entity": [{"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organophosphates ( OP ) inhibit acetylcholinesterase ( AChE , EC 3 . 1 . 1 . 7 ) , both in peripheral tissues and central nervous system ( CNS ) , causing adverse and sometimes fatal effects due to the accumulation of neurotransmitter acetylcholine ( ACh ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The currently used therapy , focusing on the reactivation of inhibited AChE , is limited to peripheral tissues because commonly used quaternary pyridinium oxime reactivators do not cross the blood brain barrier ( BBB ) at therapeutically relevant levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "quaternary pyridinium oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A directed library of thirty uncharged oximes that contain tertiary amine or imidazole protonable functional groups that should cross the BBB as unionized species was tested as tabun - hAChE conjugate reactivators along with three reference oximes : DAM ( diacetylmonoxime ) , MINA ( monoisonitrosoacetone ) , and 2 - PAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "tertiary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 182]}, {"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 247]}, {"entity": "DAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 253]}, {"entity": "diacetylmonoxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 272]}, {"entity": "MINA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 281]}, {"entity": "monoisonitrosoacetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 305]}, {"entity": "2 - PAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxime RS150D [ N - ( ( 1 - ( 3 - ( 2 - ( ( hydroxyimino ) methyl ) - 1H - imidazol - 1 - yl ) propyl ) - 1H - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazol - 4 - yl ) methyl ) benzamide ] was highlighted as the most promising reactivator of the tabun - hAChE conjugate .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "RS150D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "N - ( ( 1 - ( 3 - ( 2 - ( ( hydroxyimino ) methyl ) - 1H - imidazol - 1 - yl ) propyl ) - 1H - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazol - 4 - yl ) methyl ) benzamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 163]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed that oximes RS194B [ N - ( 2 - ( azepan - 1 - yl ) ethyl ) - 2 - ( hydroxyimino ) acetamide ] and RS41A [ 2 - ( hydroxyimino ) - N - ( 2 - ( pyrrolidin - 1 - yl ) ethyl ) acetamide ] , which emerged as lead uncharged reactivators of phosphylated hAChE with other OPs ( sarin , cyclosarin and VX ) , exhibited only moderate reactivation potency for tabun inhibited hAChE .", "entity": [{"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "RS194B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "N - ( 2 - ( azepan - 1 - yl ) ethyl ) - 2 - ( hydroxyimino ) acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 108]}, {"entity": "RS41A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "2 - ( hydroxyimino ) - N - ( 2 - ( pyrrolidin - 1 - yl ) ethyl ) acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 197]}, {"entity": "sarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 291]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 304]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [365, 370]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This implies that geometry of oxime access to the phosphorus atom conjugated to the active serine is an important criterion for efficient reactivation , along with the chemical nature of the conjugated moiety : phosphorate , phosphonate , or phosphoramidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "phosphorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 222]}, {"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 236]}, {"entity": "phosphoramidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , modification of the active center through mutagenesis enhances the rates of reactivation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphoramidated - hAChE choline - binding site mutant Y337A showed three - times enhanced reactivation capacity with non - triazole imidazole containing aldoximes ( RS113B , RS113A and RS115A ) and acetamide derivative ( RS194B ) than with 2PAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "aldoximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "RS113B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 176]}, {"entity": "RS113A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 185]}, {"entity": "RS115A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "RS194B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "2PAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased nuclear thioredoxin - 1 potentiates cadmium - induced cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium ( Cd ) is a widely dispersed environmental agent that causes oxidative toxicity through mechanisms that are sensitive to thioredoxin - 1 ( Trx1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trx1 is a cytoplasmic protein that translocates to nuclei during oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research shows that interaction of Trx1 with actin plays a critical role in cell survival and that increased nuclear Trx - 1 potentiates proinflammatory signaling and death in cell and mouse models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations indicate that oxidative toxicity caused by low - dose Cd could involve disruption of actin - Trx1 interaction , nuclear Trx1 translocation , and potentiation of proinflammatory cell death mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the role of nuclei - localized Trx1 in Cd - induced inflammation and cytotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that Cd stimulated nuclear translocation of Trx1 and p65 of NF - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevation of Trx1 in nuclei in in vitro cells and kidney of transgenic mice potentiated Cd - stimulated NF - kappa B activation and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cd - stimulated Trx1 nuclear translocation and NF - kappa B activation were inhibited by cytochalasin D , an inhibitor of actin polymerization , suggesting that actin regulates Trx1 nuclear translocation and NF - kappa B activation by Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "cytochalasin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nuclear - targeted dominant negative form of Trx1 blocked Cd - stimulated NF - kappa B activation and decreased cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of zinc , known to antagonize Cd toxicity by increasing metallothionein , had no effect on Cd - stimulated nuclear translocation of Trx1 and NF - kappa B activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the results show that nuclear translocation and accumulation of redox - active Trx1 in nuclei play an important role in Cd - induced inflammation and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of pH on phosphatidylethanolamine monolayer at the air / aqueous solution interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dependence of the interfacial tension of a phosphatidylethanolamine ( PE ) monolayer on the pH of the aqueous solution has been studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A theoretical equation is derived to describe this dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple model of the influence of pH on the phosphatidylethanolamine monolayer at the air / hydrophobic chains of PE is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contributions of additive phosphatidylethanolamine forms ( both interfacial tension values and molecular area values ) depend on pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interfacial tension values and the molecular area values for PEH ( + ) and PEOH ( - ) forms of phosphatidylethanolamine were calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEH ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "PEOH ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The assumed model was verified experimentally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results agreed with those derived from the theoretical equation in a whole range of pH values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new flavonoid and other polar compounds from Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ex Hoffm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the polar fraction of Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ex Hoffm . indicates that the main components are iridoids and flavonoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six compounds were identified : a new flavonoid , 3 ' - hydroxy - isoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoside ] ; three iridoid glucosides : harpagide , acetyl harpagide and for the first time in this species , 8 - epi - loganin ; two known acetylated flavonoid glycosides : 3 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - O - methylisoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - allopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - 6 '' - acetyl - beta - D - glucopyranoside ] , 3 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - O - methylisoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - allopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoside ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "3 ' - hydroxy - isoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 178]}, {"entity": "iridoid glucosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 205]}, {"entity": "harpagide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "acetyl harpagide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "8 - epi - loganin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 295]}, {"entity": "acetylated flavonoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 339]}, {"entity": "3 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - O - methylisoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - allopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - 6 '' - acetyl - beta - D - glucopyranoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [342, 501]}, {"entity": "3 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - O - methylisoscutellarein 7 - O - [ 6 ' '' acetyl - beta - D - allopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - beta - D - glucopyranoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [504, 647]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both flavonoids and iridoids are present in high amount ; respectively , 16 . 7 % and 4 . 5 % of the crude extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "iridoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological and dietary antioxidant therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The progression and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) are intimately associated with tobacco smoke / biomass fuel - induced oxidative and aldehyde / carbonyl stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 176]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations in redox signaling proinflammatory kinases and transcription factors , steroid resistance , unfolded protein response , mucus hypersecretion , extracellular matrix remodeling , autophagy / apoptosis , epigenetic changes , cellular senescence / aging , endothelial dysfunction , autoimmunity , and skeletal muscle dysfunction are some of the pathological hallmarks of COPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of the above it would be prudent to target systemic and local oxidative stress with agents that can modulate the antioxidants / redox system or by boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants for the treatment and management of COPD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of various antioxidant agents , such as thiol molecules ( glutathione and mucolytic drugs , such as N - acetyl - Lcysteine , N - acystelyn , erdosteine , fudosteine , ergothioneine , and carbocysteine lysine salt ) , dietary natural productderived polyphenols and other compounds ( curcumin , resveratrol , green tea catechins , quercetin sulforaphane , lycopene , acai , alpha - lipoic acid , tocotrienols , and apocynin ) have made it possible to modulate various biochemical aspects of COPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl - Lcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 137]}, {"entity": "N - acystelyn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "fudosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "ergothioneine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "carbocysteine lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 222]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 305]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 319]}, {"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 341]}, {"entity": "quercetin sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 366]}, {"entity": "lycopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 377]}, {"entity": "alpha - lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [387, 406]}, {"entity": "tocotrienols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [409, 421]}, {"entity": "apocynin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [428, 436]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various researches and clinical trials have revealed that these antioxidants can detoxify free radicals and oxidants , control expression of redox and glutathione biosynthesis genes , chromatin remodeling , and ultimately inflammatory gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , modulation of cigarette smoke - induced oxidative stress and related cellular changes have also been reported to be effected by synthetic molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes specific spin traps like alpha - phenyl - N - tert - butyl nitrone , a catalytic antioxidant ( ECSOD mimetic ) , porphyrins ( AEOL 10150 and AEOL 10113 ) , and a superoxide dismutase mimetic M40419 , lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation blockers / inhibitors , such as edaravone and lazaroids / tirilazad , myeloperoxidase inhibitors , as well as specialized pro - resolving mediators / inflammatory resolving lipid mediators , omega - 3 fatty acids , vitamin D , and hydrogen sulfide .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - phenyl - N - tert - butyl nitrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 80]}, {"entity": "porphyrins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "AEOL 10150", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "AEOL 10113", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "M40419", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "edaravone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [291, 300]}, {"entity": "lazaroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 314]}, {"entity": "tirilazad", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 326]}, {"entity": "omega - 3 fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [450, 471]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [474, 483]}, {"entity": "hydrogen sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [490, 506]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to various studies it appears that the administration of multiple antioxidants could be a more effective mode used in the treatment of COPD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , various pharmacological and dietary approaches to enhance lung antioxidant levels and beneficial effects of antioxidant therapeutics in treating or intervening the progression of COPD have been discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A photochemical mechanism for homochirogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A theoretical investigation of the photochemistry of racemic compounds with circularly polarized light was undertaken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact solutions of the differential equations by numerical integration to the approximate solutions used in an earlier article were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact solutions showed that sequential reactions yield enhanced optical activities in the products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For irreversible reactions , all enantiomeric excesses are lost if the reactions are carried to completion , but appreciable resolution occurs in many cases for partial conversion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For reversible reactions , significant enantiomeric excesses are found at the photostationary state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity by a whole - leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis miller ( aloe vera ) in F344 / N rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aloe barbadensis Miller ( Aloe vera ) is an herbal remedy promoted to treat a variety of illnesses ; however , only limited data are available on the safety of this dietary supplement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drinking water exposure of F344 / N rats and B6C3F1 mice to an Aloe vera whole - leaf extract ( 1 , 2 , and 3 % ) for 13 weeks resulted in goblet cell hyperplasia of the large intestine in both species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon this observation , 2 - year drinking water studies were conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of an Aloe vera whole - leaf extract when administered to F344 / N rats ( 48 per sex per group ) at 0 . 5 , 1 , and 1 . 5 % , and B6C3F1 mice ( 48 per sex per group ) at 1 , 2 , and 3 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with controls , survival was decreased in the 1 . 5 % dose group of female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment - related neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions in both species were confined primarily to the large intestine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidences of adenomas and / or carcinomas of the ileo - cecal and cecal - colic junction , cecum , and ascending and transverse colon were significantly higher than controls in male and female rats in the 1 and 1 . 5 % dose groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no neoplasms of the large intestine in mice or in the 0 or 0 . 5 % dose groups of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased incidences of mucosa hyperplasia of the large intestine were observed in F344 / N rats , and increased incidences of goblet cell hyperplasia of the large intestine occurred in B6C3F1 mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Aloe vera whole - leaf extract is an intestinal irritant in F344 / N rats and B6C3F1 mice and a carcinogen of the large intestine in F344 / N rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in supramolecular electronics - from randomly self - assembled nanostructures to addressable self - organized interconnects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supramolecular organic electronics rests on the use of bottom - up chemical self - assembly processes in order to design conducting components on the 5 - 100 nm scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The challenges in this field are both the construction of 1D - nanostructures displaying optimized transport properties and their precise connections to electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present Research News highlights important advances in such materials regarding their electrical performances , from semiconductors to organic metals , but also regarding their processability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , by externally controlling light - responsive supramolecular polymerization processes , and by using appropriate methods of casting with an applied electric field , it becomes possible to pre - determine the accurate positioning of organic interconnects within patterned nano - circuitry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These strategies using external stimuli to obtain addressability , thus hold promising alternatives to other conducting materials such as carbon nanotubes for further technological applications in nanosciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent developments in antimalarial natural products isolated from medicinal plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malaria is an infectious disease causing almost one million deaths each year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an urgent need for discovery of new antimalarial compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products have been the single most productive source of leads for the development of drugs , because of their great variety of chemical structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review covers studies on antimalarial natural products isolated from plants , published from January 2010 until April 2012 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 171 structures comprising alkaloids , terpenoids , phenolics and other metabolites are listed in this review , including information on their antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four new coumarinolignoids from seeds of Solanum indicum .", "entity": [{"entity": "coumarinolignoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity - guided fractionation of seeds of Solanum indicum for anti - HBV activity led to the isolation of two novel coumarinolignoid alkaloids ( indicumines A - B , 1 - 2 ) and two new coumarinolignoids ( indicumines C - D , 3 - 4 ) , together with four known coumarins ( 5 - 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coumarinolignoid alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 144]}, {"entity": "indicumines A - B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 164]}, {"entity": "coumarinolignoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 204]}, {"entity": "indicumines C - D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 224]}, {"entity": "coumarins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two novel coumarinolignoid alkaloids shows anti - HBV activities through specifically inhibiting the secretion of HBsAg in HepG2 . 2 . 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "coumarinolignoid alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevance of non - guideline studies for risk assessment : the coverage model based on most frequent targets in repeated dose toxicity studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A common challenge for human risk assessment is the quality of the available animal studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - guideline studies are often limited for different aspects of study design and documentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within this publication the relevance of a limited scope of examination is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary analyses of the RepDose database have shown that liver , body weight , kidney and clinical symptoms are frequently affected in oral repeated dose toxicity in rats and mice ( Bitsch et al . , 2006 ) , while many other targets are seldom affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As most of these targets are investigated frequently also in non - guideline studies , it is likely that they provide a reliable NOEL , although the full spectrum of endpoints has not been covered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on RepDose data we investigate the relevance of individual targets for determining the LOEL and the consequences for risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting coverage model for subchronic oral rat studies includes up to six targets and an additional assessment factor for LOEL extrapolation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be applied to assess the reliability of non - guideline studies with respect to the scope of examination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore the application of the coverage model to other databases will increase and / or specify the chemical domain and reveal respective targets as well as effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular characterization of 355 mucopolysaccharidosis patients reveals 104 novel mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucopolysaccharidosis ( MPS ) disorders are heterogeneous and caused by deficient lysosomal degradation of glycosaminoglycans , resulting in distinct but sometimes overlapping phenotypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis was performed for a total of 355 MPS patients with MPSI ( n = 15 ) , MPSII ( n = 218 ) , MPSIIIA ( n = 86 ) , MPSIIIB ( n = 20 ) , MPSIVA ( n = 6 ) or MPSVI ( n = 10 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This analysis revealed 104 previously unreported mutations : seven in IDUA ( MPSI ) , 61 in IDS ( MPSII ) , 19 in SGSH ( MPSIIIA ) , 11 in NAGLU ( MPSIIIB ) , two in GALNS ( MPSIVA ) and four in ARSB ( MPSVI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intergenic comparison of the mutation data for these disorders has revealed interesting differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas IDUA , IDS , NAGLU and ARSB demonstrate similar levels of mutation heterogeneity ( 0 . 6 - 0 . 675 different mutations per total alleles ) , SGSH and GALNS have lower levels of mutation heterogeneity ( 0 . 282 and 0 . 455 , respectively ) , due to more recurrent mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The type of mutation also varies significantly by gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SGSH , GALNS and ARSB mutations are usually missense ( 76 . 5 % , 81 . 8 % and 85 % ) , while IDUA has many more nonsense mutations ( 56 % ) than the other genes ( <= 20 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation spectrum is most diverse for IDS , including intergenic inversions and multi - exon deletions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By testing 102 mothers of MPSII patients , we determined that 22 . 5 % of IDS mutations are de novo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the allele frequency of common mutations for each gene in our patient cohort and the exonic distribution of coding sequence alterations in the IDS , SGSH and NAGLU genes , which reveals several potential \" hot - spots \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This further molecular characterization of these MPS disorders is expected to assist in the diagnosis and counseling of future patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of residues T248 , Y249 and T422 in the function of human pregnane X receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pregnane X receptor ( PXR ) is a key xenobiotic receptor that regulates the expression of numerous drug - metabolizing enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some posttranslational mechanisms modulate its transcriptional activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several kinases have been shown to directly phosphorylate this receptor , little is known about phosphorylation sites of PXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , we examined T248 , Y249 and T422 putative phosphorylation sites determined based on in silico consensus kinase site prediction analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T248 and T422 residues are critical for the interaction of the PXR ligand - binding domain and the activation function - 2 ( AF2 ) domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - directed mutagenesis analysis was performed to generate phospho - deficient and phospho - mimetic mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined transactivation activity of the PXR mutants in gene reporter assays , formation of PXRmutant / RXR alpha heterodimer , binding of PXR mutants to the CYP3A4 gene response element DR3 and CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells after expression of the mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that T248D mutant activated CYP3A4 transactivation constitutively regardless of the presence or absence of a ligand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary , T248V mutant exhibited low basal and ligand - inducible transactivation capacity as compared to wild - type PXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - response analysis revealed reduced ligand - dependent transactivation potency of PXR Y249D mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transactivation of the CYP3A4 promoter was abolished with T422A / D mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All PXR mutants formed heterodimer with RXR alpha at a similar level to that observed with wild - type PXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to bind to DNA in vitro was substantially decreased in case of T248D , T422D and T248V mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data thus indicate that phosphorylation of T248 , Y249 and T422 residues may be critical for the both basal and ligand - activated function of PXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in infants with congenital heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with congenital heart disease ( CHD ) have associated extracardiac co - morbidities at the time of surgery and during ongoing growth and development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perioperative events include disrupted glucose homeostasis , capillary leak , and fluid retention .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( HPA ) axis has an important role in homeostasis in that the secretion of cortisol contributes to the response to stress , glucose regulation , blood volume control , and immune regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the diurnal rhythm of the HPA axis in infants with CHD by measuring salivary cortisol in the morning ( 0600 - 0900 h - circadian peak ) and evening ( 2100 - 2400 h - circadian nadir ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - nine infants aged 12 weeks to 1 year were included : 16 with acyanotic disease ( SpO ( 2 ) >= 90 % ) and 13 with cyanotic disease ( SpO2 < 90 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morning salivary cortisol was similar between the two groups [ acyanotic 7 . 0 nmol / L ( 1 . 8 - 23 . 1 ) ; cyanotic 9 . 7 nmol / L ( 0 . 9 - 15 . 6 ) ; p = 0 . 68 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evening salivary cortisol was similar between the two groups [ acyanotic 0 . 9 nmol / L ( 0 . 2 - 8 . 5 ) ; cyanotic 1 . 4 nmol / L ( 0 . 5 - 14 . 9 ) ; p = 0 . 32 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cyanotic and acyanotic groups demonstrated an intact diurnal rhythm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , chronic hypoxia secondary to cyanotic CHD does not affect the circadian rhythm of the HPA axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 12 weeks of age , infants with hypoxia secondary to cyanotic CHD have a normal cortisol diurnal rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain involvement in glaucoma : advanced neuroimaging for understanding and monitoring a new target for therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of a large body of experimental data the notion that glaucoma damages retinal ganglion cells and central areas of the visual system has been put forward .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms underlying glaucomatous involvement of the central areas are not known : the most likely hypothesis is that this event is the result of an anterograde transynaptic neurodegeneration triggered by ganglion cells ' death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is possible that in some cases it may be the consequence of a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In any event , novel mechanisms leading to cell demise might be implicated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of powerful neuroimaging techniques in conjunction with sophisticated analysis has recently provided compelling support to the involvement of central stations of the visual pathway in patients suffering of glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusion Tensor - MRI allows the central damage associated with glaucoma to be assessed and therapeutic efficacy of novel neuroprotective interventions to be quantified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide reactivity assay using spectrophotometric method for high - throughput screening of skin sensitization potential of chemical haptens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haptens must react with cellular proteins to be recognized by antigen presenting cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , monitoring reactivity of chemicals with peptide / protein has been considered an in vitro skin sensitization testing method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reactivity of peptides with chemicals ( peptide reactivity ) has usually been monitored by chromatographic methods like HPLC or LC / MS , which are robust tools for monitoring common chemical reactions but are rather expensive and time consuming .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examined the possibility of using spectrophotometric methods to monitor peptide reactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two synthetic peptides , Ac - RWAACAA and Ac - RWAAKAA , were reacted with 48 chemicals ( 34 sensitizers and 14 non - sensitizers ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide reactivity was measured by monitoring unreacted peptides with UV - Vis spectrophotometer using 5 , 5 ' - dithiobis - 2 - nitrobenzoic acid as a detection reagent for the free thiol group of cysteine - containing peptide or fluorometer using fluorescamine (TM) as a detection reagent for the free amine group of lysine - containing peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 5 ' - dithiobis - 2 - nitrobenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 146]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 188]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 206]}, {"entity": "fluorescamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 262]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemicals were categorized as sensitizers when they induced more than 10 % depletion of cysteine - containing peptide or 20 % depletion of lysine - containing peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy of this method were 82 . 4 % , 85 . 7 % , and 83 . 3 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that spectrophotometric methods can be easy , fast , and high - throughput screening tools for the prediction of the skin sensitization potential of chemical haptens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomarkers of Parkinson ' s disease : current status and future perspectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes major advances in biomarker discovery for diagnosis , differential diagnosis and progression of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) , with emphasis on neuroimaging and biochemical markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential strategies to develop biomarkers capable of predicting PD in the prodromal stage before the appearance of motor symptoms or correlating with nonmotor symptoms , an active area of research , are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leukotriene D4 induces cognitive impairment through enhancement of CysLT 1 R - mediated amyloid - beta generation in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leukotriene D4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amyloid plaques in the extracellular parenchyma mainly consist of amyloid - beta peptides ( A beta ) , one of the pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined neuroinflammation , amyloidogenesis , and memory performance following intracerebral infusions of leukotriene D4 ( LTD4 ) in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukotriene D4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrated that intracerebral infusions of LTD4 ( 1 ng / mouse ) produced memory impairment as determined by Morris water maze test and Y - maze test in mice , and caused the accumulation of A beta 1 - 40 and A beta 1 - 42 in the hippocampus and cortex through increased activity of beta - and gamma - secretases accompanied with increased expression of amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LTD4 also induced expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 ( CysLT ( 1 ) R ) and NF - kappa B p65 in the hippocampus and cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "cysteinyl leukotriene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with pranlukast ( 1 . 5 ng / mouse , intracerebroventricularly ) , a CysLT ( 1 ) R antagonist , blocked LTD4 - induced amyloidogenesis , memory deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "pranlukast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pranlukast ( 0 . 6 mu M ) also prevented LTD4 ( 20 nM ) - induced amyloidogenesis in the cultured neurons in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pranlukast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , LTD4 - induced increases in CysLT ( 1 ) R and NF - kappa B p65 in the brain were also attenuated by pranlukast .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "pranlukast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that LTD4 increases A beta peptide burden via activation of CysLT ( 1 ) R , which further affects APP levels and activity of beta - and gamma - secretases via the NF - kappa B pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTD4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings identify CysLT ( 1 ) R signaling as a novel proinflammatory and proamyloidogenic pathway , and suggest a rationale for development of therapeutics targeting the CysLT ( 1 ) R in neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative gene expression profiling in human - induced pluripotent stem cell - - derived cardiocytes and human and cynomolgus heart tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiotoxicity is one of the leading causes of drug attrition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current in vitro models insufficiently predict cardiotoxicity , and there is a need for alternative physiologically relevant models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the gene expression profile of human - induced pluripotent stem cell - derived cardiocytes ( iCC ) postthaw over a period of 42 days in culture and compare this profile to human fetal and adult as well as adult cynomolgus nonhuman primate ( NHP , Macaca fascicularis ) heart tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that iCC express relevant cardiac markers such as ion channels ( SCN5A , KCNJ2 , CACNA1C , KCNQ1 , and KCNH2 ) , tissue - specific structural markers ( MYH6 , MYLPF , MYBPC3 , DES , TNNT2 , and TNNI3 ) , and transcription factors ( NKX2 . 5 , GATA4 , and GATA6 ) and lack the expression of stem cell markers ( FOXD3 , GBX2 , NANOG , POU5F1 , SOX2 , and ZFP42 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we performed a functional evaluation of contractility of the iCC and showed functional and pharmacological correlations with myocytes isolated from adult NHP hearts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that stem cell - derived cardiocytes may represent a novel in vitro model to study human cardiac toxicity with potential ex vivo and in vivo translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A modern in vivo pharmacokinetic paradigm : combining snapshot , rapid and full PK approaches to optimize and expedite early drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successful drug discovery relies on the selection of drug candidates with good in vivo pharmacokinetic ( PK ) properties as well as appropriate preclinical efficacy and safety profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo PK profiling is often a bottleneck in the discovery process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we focus on the tiered in vivo PK approaches implemented at the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation ( GNF ) , which includes snapshot PK , rapid PK and full PK studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These in vivo PK approaches are well integrated within discovery research , allow tremendous flexibility and are highly efficient in supporting the diverse needs and increasing demand for in vivo profiling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tiered in vivo PK studies expedite compound profiling and help guide the selection of more desirable compounds into efficacy models and for progression into development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of social novelty discrimination by positive allosteric modulators at metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors : adolescent administration prevents adult - onset deficits induced by neonatal treatment with phencyclidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabotropic glutamate - 5 receptors ( mGluR5 ) , which physically and functionally interact with N - methyl - D - Aspartate ( NMDA ) receptors , likewise control cognitive processes and have been proposed as targets for novel classes of antipsychotic agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - Aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 124]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since social cognition is impaired in schizophrenia and disrupted by NMDA receptor antagonists like dizocilpine , we evaluated its potential modulation by mGluR5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "dizocilpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute administration ( 0 . 63 - 40 mg / kg ) of the mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators ( PAMs ) , 3 - cyano - N - ( 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 1H - pyrazol - 5 - yl ) benzamide ( CDPPB ) and ADX47273 , reversed a delay - induced impairment in social novelty discrimination ( SND ) in adult rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - cyano - N - ( 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 1H - pyrazol - 5 - yl ) benzamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 171]}, {"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "ADX47273", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The action of CDPPB was blocked by the mGluR5 antagonist , 2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) - pyridine ( 2 . 5 - 10 mg / kg ) , and was also expressed upon microinjection into frontal cortex ( 0 . 63 - 10 mu g / side ) , but not striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) - pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supporting an interrelationship between mGluR5 and NMDA receptors , enhancement of SND by CDPPB was blocked by dizocilpine ( 0 . 08 mg / kg ) while , reciprocally , dizocilpine - induced impairment in SND was attenuated by CDPPB ( 10 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "dizocilpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "dizocilpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SND deficit elicited by post - natal administration of phencyclidine ( 10 mg / kg , days 7 - 11 ) was reversed by CDPPB or ADX47273 in adults at week 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "ADX47273", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phencyclidine - induced impairment in cognition emerged in adult rats from week 7 on , and chronic , pre - symptomatic treatment of adolescent rats with CDPPB over weeks 5 - 6 ( 10 mg / kg per day ) prevented the appearance of SND deficits in adults until at least week 13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "CDPPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , as evaluated by a SND procedure , mGluR5 PAMs promote social cognition via actions expressed in interaction with NMDA receptors and exerted in frontal cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MGluR5 PAMs not only reverse but also ( when given during adolescence ) prevent the emergence of cognitive impairment associated with a developmental model of schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swim training of monosodium L - glutamate - obese mice improves the impaired insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in pancreatic islets .", "entity": [{"entity": "monosodium L - glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of the present study was to investigate changes on glucose homoeostasis and of the insulin receptor ( IR ) and insulin receptor substrate - 1 ( IRS - 1 ) signalling in pancreatic islets from MSG - obese mice submitted to or not submitted to swim training .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swim training of 90 - day - old MSG mice was used to evaluate whether signalling pathways of the IR and IRS - 1 in islets are involved with the insulin resistance and glucose intolerance observed in this obese animal model .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that IR tyrosine phosphorylation ( pIR ) was reduced by 42 % in MSG - obese mice ( MSG , 6 . 7 +/- 0 . 2 arbitrary units ( a . u . ) ; control , 11 . 5 +/- 0 . 4 a . u . ) ; on the other hand , exercise training increased pIR by 76 % in MSG mice without affecting control mice ( MSG , 11 . 8 +/- 0 . 3 ; control , 12 . 8 +/- 0 . 2 a . u . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 259]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the treatment with MSG increased IRS - 1 tyrosine phosphorylation ( pIRS - 1 ) by 96 % ( MSG , 17 . 02 +/- 0 . 6 ; control , 8 . 7 +/- 0 . 2 a . u . ) , exercise training also increased it in both groups ( control , 13 . 6 +/- 0 . 1 ; MSG , 22 . 2 +/- 1 . 1 a . u . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current research shows that the practice of swim training increases the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS - 1 which can modulate the effect caused by obesity in insulin receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juvenile hormone levels reflect social opportunities in the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Megalopta genalis ( Hymenoptera : Halictidae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juvenile hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolution of eusociality is hypothesized to have involved de - coupling parental care from reproduction mediated by changes in endocrine regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While data for obligately eusocial insects are consistent with this hypothesis , we lack information from species representative of the transition from solitary reproduction to eusociality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the first evidence for a link between endocrine processes and social behavior in a facultatively eusocial bee , Megalopta genalis ( Halictidae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using females that varied in social , reproductive , and ecological context , we measured juvenile hormone ( JH ) , a major regulator of colony caste dynamics in other eusocial species .", "entity": [{"entity": "juvenile hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JH was low at adult emergence , but elevated after 10 days in all nesting females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Females reared in cages with ad lib nutrition , however , did not elevate JH levels after 10 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All reproductive females had significantly more JH than all age - matched non - reproductive females , suggesting a gonadotropic function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among females in established nests , JH was higher in queens than workers and solitary reproductives , suggesting a role for JH in social dominance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lack of significant differences in JH between solitary reproductives and non - reproductive workers suggests that JH content reflects more than reproductive status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data support the hypothesis that endocrine modifications are involved in the evolutionary decoupling of reproductive and somatic effort in social insects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are the first measurements of JH in a solitary - nesting hymenopteran , and the first to compare eusocial and solitary nesting individuals of the same species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friedelin and lanosterol from Garcinia prainiana stimulated glucose uptake and adipocytes differentiation in 3T3 - L1 adipocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "lanosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friedelin and lanosterol have been isolated from twigs of Garcinia prainiana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "lanosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds were examined for their effects on 3T3 - L1 adipocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the MTT assay , it was found that the compounds had no cytotoxic effects up to 25 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adipocyte differentiation analysis was carried out by Oil Red O staining method .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oil Red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of adipogenic cocktail ( MDI ) , it was found that friedelin and lanosterol enhanced intracellular fat accumulation by 2 . 02 and 2 . 18 - fold , respectively , compared with the vehicle - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "friedelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "lanosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deoxyglucose uptake assay was used to examine the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes in the presence of the compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deoxyglucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that friedelin was able to stimulate glucose uptake up to 1 . 8 - fold compared with insulin - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "friedelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was suggested that friedelin and lanosterol may be beneficial to mimic insulin action that would be useful in the treatment of diabetes type 2 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "friedelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "lanosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airway contractility and remodeling : links to asthma symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respiratory symptoms are largely caused by obstruction of the airways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In asthma , airway narrowing mediated by airway smooth muscle ( ASM ) contraction contributes significantly to obstruction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spasmogens produced following exposure to environmental triggers , such as viruses or allergens , are initially responsible for ASM activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the extent of narrowing of the airway lumen due to ASM shortening can be influenced by many factors and it remains a real challenge to decipher the exact role of ASM in causing asthmatic symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Innovative tools , such as the forced oscillation technique , continue to develop and have been proven useful to assess some features of ASM function in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite these technologic advances , it is still not clear whether excessive narrowing in asthma is driven by ASM abnormalities , by other alterations in non - muscle factors or simply because of the overexpression of spasmogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because a multitude of forces are acting on the airway wall , and because not only are these forces constantly changing but they are also intricately interconnected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To counteract these limitations , investigators have utilized in vitro and ex vivo systems to assess and compare asthmatic and non - asthmatic ASM contractility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review describes : 1 - some muscle and non - muscle factors that are altered in asthma that may lead to airway narrowing and asthma symptoms ; 2 - some technologies such as the forced oscillation technique that have the potential to unveil the role of ASM in airway narrowing in vivo ; and 3 - some data from ex vivo and in vitro methods that probe the possibility that airway hyperresponsiveness is due to the altered environment surrounding the ASM or , alternatively , to a hypercontractile ASM phenotype that can be either innate or acquired .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cost - effectiveness of alendronate for the treatment of osteopenic postmenopausal women in Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many postmenopausal women have osteopenia , a condition characterized by loss of bone mineral density ( BMD ) that is not as severe as in osteoporosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to estimate the cost - effectiveness of alendronate to prevent fractures in osteopenic postmenopausal women without a history of fracture in Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An individual simulation model was developed to predict lifetime costs and quality - adjusted life years ( QALYs ) of 5 years of preventive alendronate therapy versus no preventive therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of hip and vertebral fracture associated with age and BMD was derived from epidemiologic studies in Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We ran the model with different combinations of age ( 65 , 70 , and 75 years ) , BMD ( 70 % , 75 % , and 80 % of young adult mean [ YAM ] ) , and additional clinical risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For 70 - year - old women with a BMD of 70 % of the YAM having one of the following risk factors : a family history of hip fracture , high alcohol intake , or current smoking , the incremental cost - effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) of alendronate was $ 92 , 937 , $ 126 , 251 , and $ 129 , 067 per QALY , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were sensitive to age , BMD , and number of clinical risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the base case showed that in the presence of one , two , and three risk factors , alendronate was cost - effective in 0 . 2 % to 2 . 6 % , 13 . 1 % to 56 . 1 % , and 99 . 1 % of the simulations , respectively , if society is willing to pay $ 50 , 000 per QALY .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional analysis indicated that alendronate can be a good value in osteopenic women if the 10 - year probability for a osteoporotic hip or vertebral fracture is more than 26 . 2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that whether to treat osteopenia with alendronate should be determined on the basis of age , BMD , and number of clinical risk factors in terms of cost - effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted disruption of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against aging , S - nitrosation , and insulin resistance in muscle of male mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that S - nitrosation of proteins plays a critical role in several human diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we explored the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) in the S - nitrosation of proteins involved in the early steps of the insulin - signaling pathway and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of aged mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aging increased iNOS expression and S - nitrosation of major proteins involved in insulin signaling , thereby reducing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , aged iNOS - null mice were protected from S - nitrosation - induced insulin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , pharmacological treatment with an iNOS inhibitor and acute exercise reduced iNOS - induced S - nitrosation and increased insulin sensitivity in the muscle of aged animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that the insulin resistance observed in aged mice is mainly mediated through the S - nitrosation of the insulin - signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variation in osteocyte lacunar morphology and density in the human femur - - a synchrotron radiation micro - CT study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years there has been growing interest in the spatial properties of osteocytes ( including density and morphology ) and how these potentially relate to adaptation , disease and aging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This interest has , in part , arisen from the availability of increasingly high - resolution 3D imaging modalities such as synchrotron radiation ( SR ) micro - CT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As resolution increases , field of view generally decreases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , while increasingly detailed spatial information is obtained , it is unclear how representative this information is of the skeleton or even the isolated bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this research was to describe the variation in osteocyte lacunar density , morphology and orientation within the femur from a healthy young male human .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple anterior , posterior , medial and lateral blocks ( 2 mm x 2 mm ) were prepared from the proximal femoral shaft and SR micro - CT imaged at the Advanced Photon Source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average lacunar densities ( +/- standard deviation ) from the anterior , posterior , medial and lateral regions were 27 , 169 +/- 1935 , 26 , 3643 +/- 1262 , 37 , 521 +/- 6416 and 33 , 972 +/- 2513 lacunae per mm ( 3 ) of bone tissue , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values were significantly different between the medial and both the anterior and posterior regions ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The density of the combined anterior and posterior regions was also significantly lower ( p = 0 . 001 ) than the density of the combined medial and lateral regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no difference was found in predominant orientation , shape differences were found ; with the combined anterior and posterior regions having more elongated ( p = 0 . 004 ) and flattened ( p = 0 . 045 ) lacunae , than those of the medial and lateral regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study reveals variation in osteocyte lacunar density and morphology within the cross - section of a single bone and that this variation can be considerable ( up to 30 % difference in density between regions ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underlying functional significance of the observed variation in lacunar density likely relates to localized variations in loading conditions as the pattern corresponds well with mechanical axes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower density and more elongate shapes being associated with the antero - posterior oriented neutral axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings demonstrate that the functional and pathological interpretations that are increasingly being drawn from high resolution imaging of osteocyte lacunae need to be better situated within the broader context of normal variation , including that which occurs even within a single skeletal element .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo imaging of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis , or programmed cell death , plays a vital role in normal development and ageing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , dysregulation of this process is responsible for many disease states including ; cancer , autoimmune and neurodegeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , in vivo visualisation of apoptosis may prove a useful tool for both laboratory research and clinical diagnostics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glaucoma comprises a distinctive group of chronic optic neuropathies , characterised by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early diagnosis of glaucoma remains a clear and unmet need .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , there have been significant advances in the detection of apoptosis in vivo using fluorescent probes to visualise single RGCs undergoing apoptosis , specifically DARC ( Detection of Apoptotic Retinal Cells ) [ 1 ] and capQ technology [ 2 ( * * ) ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubule network is required for insulin - induced signal transduction and actin remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both microtubule and actin are required for insulin - induced glucose uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the roles of these two cytoskeletons and their relationship in insulin action still remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we examined the morphological change of microtubule / actin and their involvement in insulin signal transduction using rat skeletal muscle cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin rapidly led to microtubule clustering from ventral to dorsal surface of the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microtubule filaments were rearranged to create space where new actin structures formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of microtubule prevented insulin - induced actin remodeling and distal insulin signal transduction , with reduction in surface glucose transporter isoform 4 ( GLUT4 ) and glucose uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though microtubule mediated actin remodeling through PKC zeta , reorganization of microtubule depended on tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor , the mechanism is different from insulin - induced actin remodeling , which relied on the activity of PI3 - kinase and PKC zeta .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that microtubule network is required for insulin - induced signal transduction and actin remodeling in skeletal muscle cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective regulation of nicotine and polyamines biosynthesis in tobacco cells by enantiomers of ornithine .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "polyamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L - and D - amino acids have diverse functions and effects on the metabolism , growth , and development of plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - and D - amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ornithine ( Orn ) plays a main role in the biosynthesis of many amino acids , nicotinic alkaloids , and polyamines in tobacco .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "nicotinic alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "polyamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This investigation describes the impact of Orn enantiomers on the production and distribution of free , conjugated , and bound polyamines , as well as nicotine in tobacco cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "polyamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was recognized that the biosynthesis of metabolites was differently upregulated by each enantiomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Putrescine was abundantly produced by exogenous L - ornithine ( L - Orn ) , and both spermidine and spermine were significantly accumulated in D - ornithine ( D - Orn ) - supplied tobacco cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Putrescine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "L - ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "L - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "spermidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "spermine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "D - ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "D - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , nicotine production was highly upregulated by L - Orn , while the addition of D - Orn had no effect on the nicotine content of tobacco cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "L - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "D - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that transcript expression of S - adenosylmethionine decarboxylase , as the key enzyme of spermidine / spermine biosynthesis , is coincident with their metabolic levels and is highly upregulated by D - Orn , as opposed to L - Orn .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - adenosylmethionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "spermidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "spermine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "D - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "L - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that both enantiomers of Orn can trigger selected biosynthetic pathways in the cells , at the transcript level .", "entity": [{"entity": "Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding these observations , it is proposed that L - and D - Orn function differently in the same biological pathways in which the latter , D - Orn specifically regulates important polyamines in the plant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - and D - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "D - Orn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "polyamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human gastric TFF2 peptide contains an N - linked fucosylated N , N ' - diacetyllactosediamine ( LacdiNAc ) oligosaccharide .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - linked fucosylated N , N ' - diacetyllactosediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 94]}, {"entity": "LacdiNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the human stomach , the peptide trefoil factor family 2 ( TFF2 ) is secreted together with the mucin MUC6 by mucous neck cells ( MNCs ) and antral gland cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TFF2 is strongly associated with the gastric mucus and promotes gastric restitution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , TFF2 was purified from the human corpus and antrum , respectively , by size - exclusion chromatography , and the N - linked glycan structure at N - 15 of the mature peptide was determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a hallmark , the unusual monofucosylated N , N ' - diacetylhexosediamine ( tentatively assigned as GalNAc beta 1 --> 4GlcNAc , LacdiNAc ) modification was detected as the terminal structure of a bi - antennary complex type N - glycan exhibiting also core fucosylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "monofucosylated N , N ' - diacetylhexosediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 75]}, {"entity": "GalNAc beta 1 --> 4GlcNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 127]}, {"entity": "LacdiNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replicate analyses did not show microheterogeneities in the fraction of peptide - N - glycosidase F cleaved and permethylated N - glycans when analyzed by matrix - assisted laser desorption ionization ( MALDI ) mass spectrometry ( MS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 83]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the glycopeptide level , a minor glycan microheterogeneity was evident in liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization ( ESI ) - MS , demonstrating the presence of underfucosylated species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tryptic TFF2 N - glycopeptide p34 - 39 ( LSPHNR N - glycosylated with Fuc3Hex3HexNAc6 ) was identified by both ESI - tandem mass spectrometry and MALDI - post - source decay analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 50]}, {"entity": "Fuc3Hex3HexNAc6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lectin analyses with the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin indicated the potential presence of LacdiNAc terminating glycans and revealed minor differences between TFF2 from fundic units , i . e . MNCs , and antral units , i . e . antral gland cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "LacdiNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , on the level of the primary structure , there was no indication that the formation of the proposed LacdiNAc structure is cis - controlled by a peptidic determinant related to the published sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "LacdiNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altering the way the optic nerve head responds to intraocular pressure - a potential approach to glaucoma therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past decade , engineering principles have been used to explain why a mechanical load , intraocular pressure , can lead to the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has led to the ' biomechanical theory ' of glaucoma , which posits that the behavior of optic nerve head connective tissues ( specifically within the peripapillary sclera and lamina cribrosa ) in response to intraocular pressure ( regardless of its magnitude ) can directly and indirectly influence the physiology and pathophysiology of the optic nerve head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that the biomechanics of the sclera and lamina cribrosa probably influence retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma , the idea that altering biomechanical behavior might be protective against glaucoma is an appealing notion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is some evidence to suggest that stiffening the peripapillary sclera may be protective against the development of glaucoma in an animal model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is technically possible to stiffen the sclera in vivo using collagen cross - linking techniques already applied in vivo to the cornea in the treatment of keratoconus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has yet to be established whether scleral cross - linking is safe in humans and that it confers anything more than a theoretical advantage in terms of reducing the risk of glaucomatous damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maintenance of retinal ganglion cell mitochondrial functions as a neuroprotective strategy in glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of vision in glaucoma occurs because retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) die .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RGCs have probably more mitochondria than any other neurone in the CNS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is proposed that stress to mitochondria of individual RGCs is a major trigger of the disease and also provides an explanation why different RGCs die at different times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological agents that can maintain mitochondrial functions , in particular to attenuate oxidative stress and to sustain energy production , might therefore provide a novel way of slowing down RGC death and help in the treatment of glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cannabinoid CB 1 receptor in the modulation of stress coping behavior in mice : the role of serotonin and different forebrain neuronal subpopulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endocannabinoid system ( ECS ) may either enhance or inhibit responses to aversive stimuli , possibly caused by its modulatory activity on diverse neurotransmitters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of serotonin ( 5 - HT ) and catecholamines , as well as the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic cannabinoid type 1 ( CB ( 1 ) ) receptor , in responses to the antidepressant - like doses of the CB ( 1 ) receptor agonist Delta ( 9 ) - tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ) and the antagonist rimonabant in the forced swim test ( FST ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "Delta ( 9 ) - tetrahydrocannabinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 310]}, {"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 316]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice received acute injections of low doses of THC ( 0 . 1 or 0 . 5 mg / kg ) or high dose of rimonabant ( 3 or 10 mg / kg ) after treatment with the 5 - HT synthesis inhibitor pCPA ( 100 mg / kg , 4 days ) , the 5 - HT ( 1A ) receptor antagonist WAY100635 ( 1 mg / kg , acute ) or the non - selective blocker of catecholamine synthesis , AMPT ( 20 mg / kg , acute ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "pCPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 219]}, {"entity": "WAY100635", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 256]}, {"entity": "catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 326]}, {"entity": "AMPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [339, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THC and rimonabant were also tested in mutant mice lacking CB ( 1 ) receptor in specific forebrain neuronal subpopulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both THC and rimonabant induced antidepressant - like effects , quantified as immobility in the FST .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only THC effects were reversed by pCPA or WAY100635 .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "pCPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "WAY100635", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , only AMPT could attenuate the rimonabant effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found decreased immobility in mice lacking the CB ( 1 ) receptor in glutamatergic cortical neurons , but not in forebrain GABAergic neurons , as compared with wild - type controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of THC persisted in mutant mice with CB ( 1 ) receptor inactivation in GABAergic neurons , whereas rimonabant effects were alleviated in these mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , employing both pharmacological and genetic tools , we could show that the ECS regulates stress responses by influencing GABAergic , glutamatergic and monoaminergic transmission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidepressant - like action of THC depends on serotonergic neurotransmission , whereas rimonabant effects are mediated by CB ( 1 ) receptor on GABAergic neurons and by catecholamine signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress response constitutes a cellular process that can be triggered by a great variety of conditions that cause imbalances in intracellular homeostasis and threaten proper cell functioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response , the ER stress response activates an adaptive effort aimed at neutralizing these threats and reestablishing homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , if these countermeasures are unsuccessful and severe imbalances persist , the ER stress response may abandon its pro - survival efforts and instead may initiate a pro - apoptotic program to eliminate the faulty cell for the benefit of the organism as a whole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because vigorous growth of malignant tumors may create stressful conditions , such as hypoglycemia , hypoxia , or accumulation of misfolded proteins during revved up protein synthesis , the adaptive , pro - survival components of the ER stress response system ( e . g . , GRP78 / BiP ) are frequently found chronically activated in tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This differential to non - stressed normal cells has been proposed to represent an Achilles ' heel of tumor cells that may be exploitable by therapeutic intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this model , the goal would be to further aggravate the pre - existing stress conditions in tumor cells with appropriate pharmacological agents , so that the already engaged pro - survival mechanism would be overwhelmed and the ER stress response forced to switch to its pro - apoptotic mode ( e . g . , CHOP / GADD153 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will discuss the principle of pharmacological ER stress aggravation , and will present preclinical models with promise for cancer therapeutic applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risky cocktail : what combination effects can we expect between ecstasy and other amphetamines ?", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "amphetamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recreational and illicit use of amphetaminic designer compounds , specially 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ; Ecstasy ) , is of concern worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 117]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such psychostimulating drugs are frequently present as complex mixtures in ' rave ' pills , making concomitant polysubstance use a common trend .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the understanding of possible combination effects with these substances is still scarce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was aimed at predicting the cytotoxic effects of mixtures of four amphetaminic derivatives : MDMA , methamphetamine , 4 - methylthioamphetamine and d - amphetamine in a human hepatoma cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "4 - methylthioamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 161]}, {"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration - response curves for all single - mixture components were recorded by the MTT assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data obtained for individual agents were then used to compute the additivity expectations for mixtures of definite composition , using the pharmacological models of concentration addition ( CA ) and independent action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparing the predicted calculations with the experimentally observed effects , we concluded that CA accurately predicts the combination of amphetamines , which act together to generate additive effects over a large range of concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , we observed substantial mixture effects even when each drug was present at low concentrations , which individually produced unnoticeable effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , for all tested mixtures , a small deviation from additivity was observed towards higher concentrations , particularly at high effect levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible metabolic interaction , which could explain such deviation , was investigated , and it was observed that at higher mixture concentrations increased MDMA metabolism could be contributing to divergences from additivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the present work clearly demonstrates that potentially harmful interactions among amphetaminic drugs are expected when these drugs are taken concomitantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistin knockout mice exhibit impaired adipocyte glucose - dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor ( GIPR ) expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose - dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) is an incretin hormone that also plays a regulatory role in fat metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 3T3 - L1 cells , resistin was demonstrated to be a key mediator of GIP stimulation of lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) activity , involving activation of protein kinase B ( PKB ) and reduced phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 ( LKB1 ) and AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study was initiated to determine whether resistin has additional roles in GIP - regulated adipocyte functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of primary adipocytes isolated from Retn ( - / - ) , Retn ( + / - ) , and Retn ( + / + ) mice found that GIP stimulated the PKB / LKB1 / AMPK / LPL pathway and fatty acid uptake only in Retn ( + / + ) adipocytes , suggesting that GIP signaling and / or GIP responsiveness were compromised in Retn ( + / - ) and Retn ( - / - ) adipocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GIP receptor ( GIPR ) protein and mRNA were decreased in Retn ( + / - ) and Retn ( - / - ) adipocytes , but resistin treatment rescued LPL responsiveness to GIP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , genes encoding tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) , TNF receptor 2 ( TNFR2 ) , and the signaling proteins stress - activated protein kinase ( SAPK ) / Jun NH ( 2 ) - terminal kinase ( JNK ) , were downregulated , and phosphorylated levels of SAPK / JNK / c - Jun were decreased in Retn ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to identify a 12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate ( TPA ) - response element ( TRE - III ) responsible for c - Jun - mediated transcriptional activation of Gipr .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 105]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blunted GIP responsiveness in Retn ( + / - ) and Retn ( - / - ) adipocytes was therefore largely due to the greatly reduced GIPR expression associated with decreased c - Jun - mediated transcriptional activation of Gipr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When did decapods invade hydrothermal vents ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clues from the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrothermal vents are typically located in midocean ridges and back - arc basins and are usually generated by the movement of tectonic plates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life thrives in these environments despite the extreme conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to chemoautotrophic bacteria , decapod crustaceans are dominant in many of the hydrothermal vents discovered to date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to the hypothesis that these species are remnants of relic fauna , increasing evidence supports the notion that hydrothermal vent decapods have diversified in more recent times with previous research attributing the origin of alvinocarid shrimps to the Miocene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated seven representative decapod species from four hydrothermal vents throughout the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A partitioned mix - model phylogenomic analysis of mitochondrial DNA produced a consistent phylogenetic topology of these vent - endemic species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , molecular dating analysis calibrated using multiple fossils suggested that both bythograeid crabs and alvinocarid shrimps originated in the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although of limited sampling , our estimates support the extinction / repopulation hypothesis , which postulates recent diversification times for most hydrothermal vent species due to their mass extinction by global deep - water anoxic / dysoxic events during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The continental - derived property of the West Pacific province is compatible with the possibility that vent decapods diversified from ancestors from shallow - water regions such as cold seeps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results move us a step closer toward understanding the evolutionary origin of hydrothermal vent species and their distribution in the Western Pacific - Indian Ocean Region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma : an update .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is the most common primary malignant tumor that accounts for ~ 80 % of all liver cancer cases worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a multifactorial disease caused by a variety of risk factors and often develops in the background of underlying cirrhosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of cellular phenomena , such as tumor microenvironment , inflammation , oxidative stress , and hypoxia act in concert with various molecular events to facilitate tumor initiation , progression , and metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emergence of microRNAs and molecular - targeted therapies adds a new dimension in our efforts to combat this deadly disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intense research in this multitude of areas has led to significant progress in our understanding of cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that occur during multistage events that lead to hepatocarcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we discuss the current knowledge of HCC , focusing mainly on advances that have occurred during the past 5 years and on the development of novel therapeutics for liver cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of chronic fluorosis on mitochondrial dynamics morphology and distribution in cortical neurons of the rat brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic fluorosis on the dynamics ( including fusion and fission proteins ) , fragmentation , and distribution of mitochondria in the cortical neurons of the rat brain in an attempt to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the brain damage associated with excess accumulation of fluoride .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty Sprague - Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each , that is , the untreated control group ( drinking water naturally containing < 0 . 5 mg fluoride / l , NaF ) , the low - fluoride group ( whose drinking water was supplemented with 10 mg fluoride / l ) and the high - fluoride group ( 50 mg fluoride / l ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 176]}, {"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 209]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 275]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 305]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 6 months of exposure , the expression of mitofusin - 1 ( Mfn1 ) , fission - 1 ( Fis1 ) , and dynamin - related protein - 1 ( Drp1 ) at both the protein and mRNA levels were detected by Western blotting , immunohistochemistry , and real - time PCR , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , mitochondrial morphology and distribution in neurons were observed by transmission electron or fluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the cortices of the brains of rats with chronic fluorosis , the level of Mfn1 protein was clearly reduced , whereas the levels of Fis1 and Drp1 were elevated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alternations of expression of the mRNAs encoding all three of these proteins were almost the same as the corresponding changes at the protein levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mitochondria were fragmented and the redistributed away from the axons of the cortical neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that chronic fluorosis induces abnormal mitochondrial dynamics , which might in turn result in a high level of oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclooxygenase ( COX ) - 1 and COX - 2 both play an important role in the protection of the duodenal mucosa in cats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs often cause ulcers in the duodenum in humans , the role of cyclooxygenase ( COX ) isoforms in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers has not been fully elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined in cats the 1 ) ulcerogenic effects of selective COX - 1 ( SC - 560 , ketorolac ) and COX - 2 ( celecoxib , meloxicam ) inhibitors on the gastrointestinal mucosa , 2 ) effect of feeding and cimetidine on the expression of COX isoforms and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) ( PGE ( 2 ) ) level in the duodenum , and 3 ) localization of COX isoforms in the duodenum .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC - 560", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "ketorolac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 212]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 272]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COX inhibitors were administered after the morning meal in cats once daily for 3 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrointestinal lesions were examined on day 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localization and expression of COX isoforms ( by immunohistochemistry , Western blot ) and PGE ( 2 ) level ( by enzyme immunoassay ) were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results were as follows .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , selective COX - 1 or COX - 2 inhibitors alone produced marked ulcers in the duodenum but did not cause obvious lesions in the small intestine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of SC - 560 and celecoxib produced marked lesions in the small intestine .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC - 560", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , feeding increased both the expression of COX isoforms and PGE ( 2 ) level in the duodenum , and the effects were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with cimetidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third , COX - 1 was localized in goblet and Brunner ' s gland cells , Meissner ' s and Auerbach ' s plexus , smooth muscle cells , and arterioles ; and COX - 2 was observed in capillaries , venules , and basal granulated cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of COX isoforms in the duodenum is up - regulated by feeding , and inhibition of either COX - 1 or COX - 2 causes ulcers in the duodenum , suggesting that both isoforms play an important role in the protection of the duodenal mucosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of a live tissue microtome : reflections of an amateur machinist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Live circular tissue slices of nearly identical diameter and thickness can be generated from most tissues by the use of two instruments ; a coring tool to cut cylindrical tissue cores which are subsequently sliced by a microtome into thin circular sections 5 - 8 mm in diameter and 50 - 300 microns thick .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sections are of very similar geometry permitting direct comparisons without normalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both instruments operate submerged in a cold isotonic medium that caries the cut slices outside the microtome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The slices are cut by a rapidly oscillating disposable Gillette blade mounted at an angle of 20 degrees to the vertical main axis of the tissue core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter is advanced against the oscillating blade by a weighted plunger pushing it against a screw adjustable limit plate that defines the desired slice thickness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both instruments can be sterilized and slices can be obtained at a rate of approximately one every ten seconds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH - and thermo - sensitive pluronic / poly ( acrylic acid ) in situ hydrogels for sustained release of an anticancer drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "pluronic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "poly ( acrylic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we developed oral in situ gelling formulations composed of pluronic ( Plu ) and polyacrylic acid ( PAA ) for the delivery of an anticancer drug , epirubicin ( Epi ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pluronic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Plu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "polyacrylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "PAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated various Plu / PAA / Epi formulations for their physicochemical properties and in vitro permeation and accumulation , as well as for in vivo pharmacokinetic and antitumor efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "PAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A scanning electron microscopic ( SEM ) image of Plu 14 % / PAA 0 . 75 % / Epi hydrogel showed a sponge - like structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Plu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "PAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This formulation has suitable gelation time , water content , bioadhesive force , structural stability , and a high permeation percentage of Epi , with sustained drug release characteristics for 96 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This hydrogel was retained at the end of the ileum near the colon of Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats for at least 12 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vivo pharmacokinetic study using SD rats showed that after oral administration in this formulation , Epi had prolonged half - life , greater area under the curve , and higher relative bioavailability than in an oral Epi solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo tumor growth inhibition of Epi in this formulation was more pronounced compared with oral Epi and intravenous Epi solutions in CT - 26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma bearing Balb / c mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "Epi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study highlights the advantages of using oral in situ temperature - and pH - sensitive hydrogels for future cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For whom the bell tolls : Distress signals from long - lived osteocytes and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteocytes are long - lived and far more numerous than the short - lived osteoblasts and osteoclasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immured within the lacunar - canalicular system and mineralized matrix , osteocytes are ideally located throughout the bone to detect the need for , and accordingly choreograph , the bone regeneration process by independently controlling rate limiting steps of bone resorption and formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this role , emerging evidence indicates that signals arising from apoptotic and old / or dysfunctional osteocytes are seminal culprits in the pathogenesis of involutional , post - menopausal , steroid - , and immobilization - induced osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteocyte - originated signals may also contribute to the increased bone fragility associated with bone matrix disorders like osteogenesis imperfecta , and perhaps the rapid reversal of bone turnover above baseline following discontinuation of anti - resorptive treatments , like denosumab .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled \" The Osteocyte \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The continuing saga of snake venom disintegrins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disintegrins , a family of polypeptides released in the venoms of viperid snakes ( vipers and rattlesnakes ) by the proteolytic processing of multidomain metalloproteinases , selectively block the function of beta ( 1 ) and beta ( 3 ) integrin receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few of the proteins isolated and characterized from snake venoms have proven to be more structural and functional versatile than the disintegrins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not surprisingly , 25 years after their discovery , our knowledge on the evolutionary history and the molecular determinants modulating the integrin inhibitory activity of disintegrins still remain fragmentary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper highlights some seminal contributions , including personal accounts of pioneer authors , related to basic and applied research on disintegrins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigators have evaluated disintegrin applications in therapies for a number of pathologies in which integrin receptors play relevant roles , particularly myocardial infarction and inappropriate tumor angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Completing the continuing story of the disintegrin family by applying novel research approaches may hold the key to learn how to use deadly toxins as therapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of histopathological indices in a commercial marine bivalve ( Ruditapes decussatus ) to determine environmental quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bivalve histopathology is an acknowledged tool in environmental toxicology studies , however geographically restricted , limited to a few species and still lacking the degree of detail needed to develop effective ( semi ) quantitative approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A first - time detailed histopathological screening was performed on grooved carpet shell clams collected from commercial shellfish beds in distinct coastal ecosystems of the Southern Portuguese coast : two parted sites within an impacted estuary ( S ( 1 ) and S ( 2 ) ) , an inlet channel of a fish farm at a considered pristine estuary ( site M ) and a site allocated in a clean coastal lagoon ( A ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of thirty histopathological lesions and alterations were analysed in the gills and digestive glands following a weighted condition indices approach , including inflammation - related responses , necrosis , neoplastic diseases and parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digestive glands were consistently more damaged than gills , except for animals collected from site M , where the most severe lesions were found in both organs , immediately followed by S ( 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clams from sites S ( 1 ) and A were overall the least damaged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neoplastic diseases were infrequent in all cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammation - related traits were some of the most common alterations progressing in animals enduring severe lesions such as digestive tubule ( diverticula ) and intertubular tissue necrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some alterations , such as lipofuscin aggregates within digestive tubule cells , did not relate to histological lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granulocytomas only occurred in heavily infected tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals from M and A presented the highest infections in the digestive gland , especially by protozoa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gill infections were more similar between sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Still , the level of infection does not account for all histopathological lesions in either organ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the results are in accordance with environmental parameters , such as distance to pollution sources , sediment type and hydrodynamics , and show that the combination of multiple histopathological features in these clams provides good sensitivity for inter - site distinction even when low or moderate anthropogenic impacts are at stake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in trace elements during lactation in a marine top predator , the grey seal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactation in pinnipeds represents the most significant cost to mothers during the reproductive cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamics of trace elements and their mobilization associated with energy reserves during such an intense physiological process remains poorly understood in marine mammals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in tissue concentrations of 11 elements ( Ca , Cd , Cr , Cu , Fe , Hg , Ni , Pb , Se , V , and Zn ) were investigated in a longitudinal study during the lactation period and during the post - weaning fast period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 66]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 100]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood , milk , blubber , and hair samples were collected sequentially from 21 mother - pup pairs of grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) from the Isle of May in Scotland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal transfer through the milk was observed for all trace elements , except for Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an indicator of the placental transfer , levels in pup lanugo ( natal coat ) revealed also the existence of maternal transfer and accumulation of all assayed trace elements during the foetal development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The placental and mammary barriers against non - essential metal transfer to offspring appear to be absent or weak in grey seals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examining the contamination levels showed that this grey seal population seems more highly exposed to Pb than other phocid populations ( 2 . 2 mg / kg dw of grey seal hair ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , blood and hair levels reflected a lower Hg exposure in grey seals from the Isle of May than in harbour seals from the southeastern North Sea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also showed that trace element concentrations in blood and blubber could change rapidly over the lactation period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such physiological processes must be considered carefully during biomonitoring of trace elements , and potential impacts that rapid fluctuations in concentrations can exert on seal health should be further investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodinated nano - emulsions as contrast agents for preclinical X - ray imaging : Impact of the free surfactants on the pharmacokinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study presents new important aspects in the design of contrast agents for X - ray preclinical imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first one is a new simple formulation of long circulating contrast agents , formulated from a commercial iodinated oil , and resulting in CT contrast agents containing more than twice the iodine concentration commercial contrast agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second point is a methodological aspect , utilizing tangential filtration for reducing the residual surfactants in the bulk phase and serving as well for concentrating droplets ( and iodine ) in the suspension .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last point is a more general aspect regarding the influence of the free surfactant on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nano - emulsion droplets on mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed that cross - flow filtration is efficient for concentrating the droplets and reducing the concentration of free surfactant from 10wt . % to 1wt . % , without any changes in the nano - emulsion droplet morphologies or surface properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also showed that the presence of free surfactant has a significant impact on the elimination way of the nano - emulsion droplets , shared between liver and kidneys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified nano - emulsions are preferentially eliminated by the kidneys in contrast to raw nano - emulsions , predominantly eliminated by the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In practice , for two similar suspensions , half - life decreases from 4 . 1 +/- 1 . 10h to 2 . 5 +/- 0 . 77h before and after purification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the design and development of long circulating systems are critical in numerous domains , and not for preclinical CT imaging , this study presents important results in that field , taken under a formulation and technical point of view .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medium and high oxidation state metal / non - metal fluoride and oxide - fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal / non - metal fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 60]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While most high and medium oxidation state ( O . S . >= 3 ) metal and non - metal fluorides and oxide fluorides are strong Lewis acids , exploration of their coordination chemistry with neutral ligands has been limited and mostly non - systematic .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal and non - metal fluorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 91]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "fluorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "Lewis acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is despite the very different properties conferred on the acceptor centre by the small electronegative fluoride ligands compared to the heavier halides .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article sets out these key differences , discusses possible synthetic routes , the key characterisation techniques , and appropriate bonding models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current knowledge of the coordination chemistry of d , f and p - block fluorides and oxide fluorides with neutral ligands ( with donor atoms drawn from Groups 15 and 16 and including N - heterocyclic carbenes ) is then presented and discussed , and the differences in properties compared to complexes containing the heavier halides are illustrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "fluorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "N - heterocyclic carbenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 208]}, {"entity": "halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emphasis is on work published post 1990 , but earlier work is also included as essential background and where no more recent information exists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attention is drawn to unexplored areas meriting investigation and to possible applications of these complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine , extraversion and working memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research has shown that extraverts performing a working memory task benefit more from caffeine than do introverts .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to replicate this and extend our knowledge by using a lower dose of caffeine ( 65 mg ) and a range of tasks related to different components of working memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , tasks assessing psychomotor speed and the encoding of new information were included to determine whether caffeine - extraversion interactions were restricted to working memory tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A double - blind design was used , with 128 participants being randomly assigned to caffeinated or de - caffeinated coffee conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that caffeine interacted with extraversion in the predicted direction for serial recall and running memory tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine improved simple reaction time and the speed of encoding of new information , effects which were not modified by extraversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest possible biological mechanisms underlying effects of caffeine on cognitive performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative analysis of the interaction of constitutive androstane receptor with chemicals and steroid receptor coactivator 1 using surface plasmon resonance biosensor systems : a case study of the Baikal seal ( Pusa sibirica ) and the mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "androstane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The constitutive androstane receptor ( CAR ) not only displays a high basal transcriptional activity but also acts as a ligand - dependent transcriptional factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "androstane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is known that CAR exhibits different ligand profiles across species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanisms underlying CAR activation by chemicals and the species - specific responses are not fully understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objectives of this study are to establish a high - throughput tool to screen CAR ligands and to clarify how CAR proteins from the Baikal seal ( bsCAR ) and the mouse ( mCAR ) interact with chemicals and steroid receptor coactivator 1 ( SRC1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed the surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) system to assess quantitatively the interaction of CAR with potential ligands and SRC1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ligand - binding domain ( LBD ) of bsCAR and mCAR was synthesized in a wheat germ cell - free system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified CAR LBD was then immobilized on the sensor chip for the SPR assay , and the kinetics of direct interaction of CARs with ligand candidates was measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androstanol and androstenol , estrone , 17 beta - estradiol , TCPOBOP , and CITCO showed compound - specific but similar affinities for both CARs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androstanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "androstenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "estrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "TCPOBOP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "CITCO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CAR - SRC1 interaction was ligand dependent but exhibited a different ligand profile between the seal and the mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of SRC1 interaction assay accounted for those of our previous in vitro CAR - mediated transactivation assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico analyses also supported the results of CAR - SRC1 interaction ; there is little structural difference in the ligand - binding pocket of bsCAR and mCAR , but there is a distinct discrimination in the helix 11 and 12 of these receptors , suggesting that the interaction of ligand - bound CAR and SRC1 is critical for determining species - specific and ligand - dependent transactivation over the basal activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SPR assays demonstrated a potential as a high - throughput screening tool of CAR ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obesity and addiction : neurobiological overlaps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug addiction and obesity appear to share several properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both can be defined as disorders in which the saliency of a specific type of reward ( food or drug ) becomes exaggerated relative to , and at the expense of others rewards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both drugs and food have powerful reinforcing effects , which are in part mediated by abrupt dopamine increases in the brain reward centres .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abrupt dopamine increases , in vulnerable individuals , can override the brain ' s homeostatic control mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These parallels have generated interest in understanding the shared vulnerabilities between addiction and obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predictably , they also engendered a heated debate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , brain imaging studies are beginning to uncover common features between these two conditions and delineate some of the overlapping brain circuits whose dysfunctions may underlie the observed deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combined results suggest that both obese and drug - addicted individuals suffer from impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated not only with reward sensitivity and incentive motivation , but also with conditioning , self - control , stress reactivity and interoceptive awareness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parallel , studies are also delineating differences between them that centre on the key role that peripheral signals involved with homeostatic control exert on food intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we focus on the shared neurobiological substrates of obesity and addiction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular assessment of the extract of bambangan ( Mangifera pajang ) as a potential cytoprotective agent for the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was conducted to investigate the potential of bambangan ( Mangifera pajang ) fruit extracts in the protection against oxidative damage caused by tert - butyl hydroperoxide in the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "tert - butyl hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins which might be involved in the cytoprotective mechanism were investigated using western blotting technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quercetin was used as a positive control .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that only the kernel extract of M . pajang and quercetin displayed cytoprotective activity in HepG2 cells , with EC ( 50 ) values of 1 . 2 and 5 . 3 mu g / ml , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of quinone reductase , glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase A proteins were significantly up - regulated by quercetin , suggesting their involvement in the cytoprotective activity of quercetin .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "methionine sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , expressions of only glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase A proteins were significantly up - regulated by the kernel extract , again suggesting their involvement in the cytoprotective activity of bambangan kernel extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "methionine sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future study is needed to investigate the involvement of other cytoprotective proteins in the cytoprotection mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability of bioactive polyphenols from honey during different extraction methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LC - MS / MS technique was applied to the stability study of several flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey samples during the ultrasonic extraction ( USE ) and microwave - assisted extraction ( MAE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolic compounds from the standard mixture were stable under ultrasounds action with the mean recovery of ( 90 . 4 % +/- 7 . 1 % ) , but during microwave - assisted extraction the benzoic acid derivatives and aglycones of flavonoids showed lower recovery ( 70 - 80 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 194]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In honey matrix , the phenolic acids and the glycosides exhibited the high stability for MAE and USE treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the recoveries of tested aglycones were below 10 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of an artificial sugar matrix , flavonols were almost completely degraded after successive treatment under MAE and USE conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained results indicated that standard addition method for flavonoids quantification in honey samples should not be recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the USE conditions provided higher and / or similar extraction yields for phenolic acids than usually applied shaking with solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also allowed shortening the time required for the whole sample preparation procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolic acids and glycosides such as quercetrin , rutin and hesperidin appeared to be stable under such conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "quercetrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "hesperidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel one - step microbial transformation of betulin to betulinic acid catalysed by Cunninghamella blakesleeana .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Betulinic acid and its derivatives are potential bioactive compounds present in nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the biotransformation of betulin to betulinic acid by Cunninghamella blakesleeana cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LC - MS analysis demonstrated that betulin could be transformed into at least five products from cultured C . blakesleeana cells , among which betulinic acid was the most important .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presented method provides an attractive alternative approach to chemical synthesis , because is less time - consuming and more environmentally friendly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . blakesleeana can transform betulin into potent derivatives with high pharmacological activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioefficacy of EPA - DHA from lipids recovered from fish processing wastes through biotechnological approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of fish oil recovered from fish visceral waste ( FVW - FO ) on serum and liver lipids , activity of HMG - CoA reductase in liver microsomes and EPA + DHA incorporation in liver , heart and brain were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were fed different concentrations of FVW - FO providing 1 . 25 % , 2 . 50 % , 5 . 0 % EPA + DHA recovered by either fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis for 8weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feeding FVW - FO reduce triacylglycerols ( 5 . 96 - 20 . 3 % ) , total cholesterol ( 7 . 9 - 21 . 5 % ) and LDL ( 7 . 39 - 21 . 7 % ) cholesterol levels in serum compared to group fed on a control diet ( groundnut oil ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of HMG - CoA reductase was reduced ( p < 0 . 05 ) in the FVW - FO fed groups compared to the control .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPA + DHA level in serum , liver , brain and heart increased with increments in dietary EPA + DHA .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show the hypolipidemic property of FVW - FO and reduced HMG - CoA reductase activity which is proportional to the incorporation of EPA + DHA .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recovery of FVW - FO will address the increasing demand for fish oil and reduce pollution problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C - dideoxyhexosyl flavones from the stems and leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - dideoxyhexosyl flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stems and leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims , are used as a folk medicine for treating both anxiety and nervousness in American countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical investigation of the n - butanol ( n - BuOH ) fraction of this plant led to the isolation of four new 2 , 6 - dideoxyhexose - C - glycosyl flavones , including luteolin - 8 - C - beta - digitoxopyranosyl - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 1 ) , apigenin - 8 - C - beta - digitoxopyranoside ( 2 ) , apigenin - 8 - C - beta - boivinopyranoside ( 3 ) and luteolin - 8 - C - beta - boivinopyranoside ( 4 ) , together with five known compounds ( 5 - 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "n - BuOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "2 , 6 - dideoxyhexose - C - glycosyl flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 161]}, {"entity": "luteolin - 8 - C - beta - digitoxopyranosyl - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 256]}, {"entity": "apigenin - 8 - C - beta - digitoxopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 309]}, {"entity": "apigenin - 8 - C - beta - boivinopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 361]}, {"entity": "luteolin - 8 - C - beta - boivinopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [372, 415]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds were evaluated for their neurite outgrowth enhancing activities and the results indicated that luteolin ( 7 ) enhanced NGF - induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at 50 . 0 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "luteolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical profile of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts and correlation to their antioxidant and anti - proliferative activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to monitor the anti - proliferative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts against cancer cells and to correlate this activity with their phytochemical profiles using liquid chromatography / diode array detection / electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry ( LC / DAD / ESI - MS ( n ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the quantitative estimation of triterpenic acids in the crude extracts an NMR based methodology was used and compared with the HPLC measurements , both applied for the first time , for the case of betulinic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both extracts exerted cytotoxic activity through dose - dependent impairment of viability and mitochondrial activity of rat insulinoma m5F ( RINm5F ) cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decrease of RINm5F viability was mediated by nitric oxide ( NO ) - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , these extracts potentiated NO and TNF - alpha release from macrophages therefore enhancing their cytocidal action .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rosemary extract developed more pronounced antioxidant , cytotoxic and immunomodifying activities , probably due to the presence of betulinic acid and a higher concentration of carnosic acid in its phytochemical profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "carnosic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL ) enzyme activity and antioxidant properties of some cyanobacteria isolates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenylalanine ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , six cyanobacteria isolates were evaluated for the PAL enzyme activity , and their methanol extracts were assessed for the total phenolic amount and other antioxidant parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synechocystis sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BASO444 and Synechocystis sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BASO673 isolates with high levels of total phenols ( 66 . 0 +/- 1 . 2 mu g / mg , 78 . 1 +/- 1 . 8 mu g / mg , respectively ) also showed high levels of PAL activities ( 20 . 5 +/- 3 . 1U / mg protein , 17 . 2 +/- 2 . 3U / mg protein , respectively ) and strong antioxidant activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the effect of l - phenylalanine ( l - phe ) on the PAL activity , total phenolic amount , and phenolic constituents , isolates were evaluated with 100mg / l l - phe .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "l - phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "l - phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While PAL activities exhibited no significant change with l - phe addition , total phenolic amount of the isolates significantly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPLC analysis revealed gallic acid , trans - cinnamic acid , p - coumaric acid , and ferulic acid as the main compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "trans - cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "p - coumaric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results suggested that the two isolate mights be an important source for the l - phe inducible phenolic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginger extract and zingerone ameliorated trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid - induced colitis in mice via modulation of nuclear factor - kappa B activity and interleukin - 1 beta signalling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginger is a commonly used spice with anti - inflammatory potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colitis is the common pathological lesion of inflammatory bowel diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the therapeutic effects of ginger and its component zingerone in mice with 2 , 4 , 6 - trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid ( TNBS ) - induced colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "2 , 4 , 6 - trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 149]}, {"entity": "TNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginger and zingerone ameliorated TNBS - induced colonic injury in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "TNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathway analysis of ginger - and zingerone - regulated gene expression profiles showed that ginger and zingerone significantly regulated cytokine - related pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Network analysis showed that nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) and interleukin - 1 beta ( IL - 1 beta ) were key molecules involved in the expression of ginger - and zingerone - affected genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex vivo imaging and immunohistochemical staining further verified that ginger and zingerone suppressed TNBS - induced NF - kappa B activation and IL - 1 beta protein level in the colon .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "TNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ginger improved TNBS - induced colitis via modulation of NF - kappa B activity and IL - 1 beta signalling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , zingerone might be the active component of ginger responsible for the amelioration of colitis induced by TNBS .", "entity": [{"entity": "zingerone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "TNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolite profiling of phenolic and carotenoid contents in tomatoes after moderate - intensity pulsed electric field treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A metabolite profiling approach was used to study the effect of moderate - intensity pulsed electric field ( MIPEF ) treatments on the individual polyphenol and carotenoid contents of tomato fruit after refrigeration at 4 degrees C for 24h .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MIPEF processing variables studied were electric field strength ( from 0 . 4 to 2 . 0kV / cm ) and number of pulses ( from 5 to 30 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty four hours after MIPEF treatments , an increase was observed in hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanones , whereas flavonols , coumaric and ferulic acid - O - glucoside were not affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxycinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "flavanones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "coumaric and ferulic acid - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major changes were also observed for carotenoids , except for the 5 - cis - lycopene isomer , which remain unchanged after 24h of MIPEF treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - cis - lycopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIPEF treatments , conducted at 1 . 2kV / cm and 30 pulses , led to the greatest increases in chlorogenic ( 152 % ) , caffeic acid - O - glucoside ( 170 % ) and caffeic ( 140 % ) acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 146]}, {"entity": "caffeic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , treatments at 1 . 2kV / cm and 5 pulses led to maximum increases of alpha - carotene , 9 - and 13 - cis - lycopene , which increased by 93 % , 94 % and 140 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "9 - and 13 - cis - lycopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , MIPEF could stimulate synthesis of secondary metabolites and contribute to production of tomatoes with high individual polyphenol and carotenoid contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid composition , antinutrients and allergens in the peanut protein fraction obtained by an aqueous enzymatic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme - assisted aqueous extraction ( EAE ) of peanut kernel was used to extract oil and protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aqueous fraction ( AF ) obtained by EAE had a better essential amino acid profile than the residues obtained by solvent extraction ( Rs ) and cold pressing ( Rc ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No major difference in the trypsin inhibitor activity among AF , Rs and Rc was observed ; however , the trypsin inhibitor activity was drastically reduced in the residue obtained after EAE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AF was subjected to MALDI - TOF / MS , revealing it to be rich in peptides ( 107 ) with molecular masses from m / z 700 to 2369Da .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AF had an extremely low phytate content and was rich in peptides , which could be used as a food supplement .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ESI - MS / MS data were used for the identification of major peanut allergens , viz . , Ara h1 , h3 , h6 - 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their allergenic potential needs to be established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of volatile compounds in New Zealand Greenshell (TM) mussels ( Perna canaliculus ) during chilled storage using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greenshell (TM) mussels ( Perna canaliculus ) were dry - stored at 6 . 44 +/- 0 . 54 degrees C for 8 days during which time volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) were monitored using SPME GC - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - four VOCs were identified in homogenised mussel meat and 29 in the mussel liquor ( i . e . the seawater enclosed in the mantle cavity ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 34 VOCs identified 20 were reliably identified throughout the storage treatment and 9 were found to change in relative concentration in homogenised mussel meat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dimethyl sulphide , 1 - penten - 3 - ol , 1 - hexen - 3 - ol and 1 - octen - 3 - ol increased during storage , whereas pentanal , hexanal , heptanal , octanal and 3 - undecen - 2 - one decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimethyl sulphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "1 - penten - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "1 - hexen - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "1 - octen - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 83]}, {"entity": "pentanal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "hexanal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "heptanal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "octanal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "3 - undecen - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the mussel liquor , dimethyl sulphide was undetectable pre - storage , becoming detectable after 2 days , and a large increase was noted after 6 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethyl sulphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SPME GC - MS was a useful tool for monitoring VOC profiles of Greenshell (TM) mussels and could aid in the development of technologies that monitor and improve product quality and consistency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different parts of three plants ( Primula auriculata , Fumaria vaillantii and Falcaria vulgaris ) were extracted with three different solvents to yield 72 crude extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phytochemical analysis ( chemical screening , GC - MS ) of three plants was investigated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activity using nine Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal antioxidant and antimicrobial components were determined using HPLC with UV detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All extracts possessed antibacterial activity especially methanolic extracts from flowers of P . auriculata .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DPPH - radical scavenging assay exhibited high antioxidant activities in three plants ( more than 80 % at 50 mu g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The F . vulgaris showed high content of carvacrol ( 29 . 8 % ) as main component .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvacrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contents of carvacrol and fumaric acid in the methanolic - water extracts were 1119 and 1966mg / l respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvacrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "fumaric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that these plants would be able to promise sources of natural products with potential antibacterial and antioxidant activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypocholesterolemic effects of low calorie structured lipids on rats and rabbits fed on normal and atherogenic diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypocholesterolemic effects of two low calorie structured lipids ( SL1 and SL2 ) containing essential fatty acids , prepared by lipase catalysed interesterification of ethyl behenate respectively with sunflower and soybean oils were studied in rats and rabbits .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "ethyl behenate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feeding experiment conducted on rats as well as rabbits , fed on normal and atherogenic diet containing 10 % of SL1 and SL2 ( experimental ) and sunflower oil ( control ) indicated no adverse effects on growth and food intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the structured lipids beneficially lowered serum and liver lipids , particularly cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , triglycerides and also maintains the essential fatty acid status in serum and liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipid deposition observed in the arteries of rabbits fed on atherogenic diets was significantly reduced when structured lipids were included in the diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations coincided with reduced levels of serum cholesterol particularly LDL cholesterol observed in experimental groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore the structured lipids , designed to have low calorific value also beneficially lower serum lipids and lipid deposition in animals fed on atherogenic diets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of solvent and alkaline earth metals on the heat - induced precipitation process of sodium caseinate .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline earth metals", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precipitation temperatures of sodium caseinate in H ( 2 ) O and D ( 2 ) O in the presence of Mg ( 2 + ) , Ca ( 2 + ) , Sr ( 2 + ) and Ba ( 2 + ) were investigated through fluorescence , turbidity and conductivity experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "D ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "Sr ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As for the ability of the divalent cations ( 1 - 17 . 5mM ) to induce the precipitation process in H ( 2 ) O , the sequence Ba ( 2 + ) >= Ca ( 2 + ) > Mg ( 2 + ) > Sr ( 2 + ) was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "Sr ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , while at low salt concentrations ( < 10mM ) precipitation temperatures ( T ( Ps ) ) were found to change significantly depending on the specific cation , at higher concentrations ( > 10mM ) the differences among the different cations were greatly reduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By fitting these results with a modified Jones - Dole equation , we confirmed that the less hydrated ions possess a greater capacity to induce precipitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In D ( 2 ) O , the order of ion ability to induce caseinate precipitation was Ba ( 2 + ) > Ca ( 2 + ) > Sr ( 2 + ) > Mg ( 2 + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "D ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Sr ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The different hydrophobicity between D ( 2 ) O and H ( 2 ) O was shown to affect significantly the T ( Ps ) of caseinate in the presence of calcium , strontium and barium .", "entity": [{"entity": "D ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 147]}, {"entity": "strontium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification and characterisation of antibacterial peptide - containing compound derived from palm kernel cake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palm kernel cake ( PKC ) , the most useful by - product resulted from palm kernel oil production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , PKC - derived protein product was found suitable for use as an antimicrobial agent with potent antibacterial activity , particularly against Bacillus species , after enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrolysate was further purified by gel filtration chromatography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified fraction was found to have 14 . 63 +/- 0 . 70 % ( w / w ) protein , a molecular mass of 2 . 4kDa and low hemolytic activity ( < 50 % hemolysis of human erythrocytes at concentration of 1000 mu g / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of lysine and the major component lauric acid derivative , as indicated by electrospray ionisation - mass spectrometry ( ESI - MS ) direct infusion and nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy , may have contributed to the antibacterial effect of purified PKC fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "lauric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that the antibacterial PKC compound may be not a pure peptide but instead a peptide - containing compound high in lauric acid derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "lauric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic modulation of intestinal dysbiosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human gastrointestinal tract is home to an extremely numerous and diverse collection of microbes , collectively termed the \" intestinal microbiota \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This microbiota is considered to play a number of key roles in the maintenance of host health , including aiding digestion of otherwise indigestible dietary compounds , synthesis of vitamins and other beneficial metabolites , immune system regulation and enhanced resistance against colonisation by pathogenic microorganisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , the intestinal microbiota is also a potent source of antigens and potentially harmful compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In health , humans can therefore be considered to exist in a state of natural balance with their microbial inhabitants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A shift in the balance of microbiota composition such that it may become deleterious to host health is termed \" dysbiosis \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in numerous disorders , ranging from intestinal maladies such as inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer to disorders with more systemic effects such as diabetes , metabolic syndrome and atopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the far reaching influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health a clear future goal must be to develop reliable means to alter the composition of the microbiota and restore a healthy balance of microbial species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While it is clear that much fundamental research remains to be done , potentially important therapeutic options include narrow spectrum antibiotics , novel probiotics , dietary interventions and more radical techniques such as faecal transplantation , all of which aim to suppress clinical dysbiosis , restore intestinal microbiota diversity and improve host health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review on antioxidants , prooxidants and related controversy : natural and synthetic compounds , screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many studies have been conducted with regard to free radicals , oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of food , giving antioxidants a prominent beneficial role , but , recently many authors have questioned their importance , whilst trying to understand the mechanisms behind oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many scientists defend that regardless of the quantity of ingested antioxidants , the absorption is very limited , and that in some cases prooxidants are beneficial to human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detection of antioxidant activity as well as specific antioxidant compounds can be carried out with a large number of different assays , all of them with advantages and disadvantages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The controversy around antioxidant in vivo benefits has become intense in the past few decades and the present review tries to shed some light on research on antioxidants ( natural and synthetic ) and prooxidants , showing the potential benefits and adverse effects of these opposing events , as well as their mechanisms of action and detection methodologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also identifies the limitations of antioxidants and provides a perspective on the likely future trends in this field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of vitamin D on antigen - specific and non - antigen - specific immune modulation : relevance for type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin D is a fat - soluble precursor of the circulating 25 - hydroxyvitamin D 3 ( 25 ( OH ) D 3 ) which can be converted by the 1 alpha - hydroxylase ( 1 alpha ( OH ) ase ) enzyme into the bioactive hormonal metabolite 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ( 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2 D 3 ) , generally known to promote bone mineralization through its ability to enhance calcium absorption from the gut .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 81]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 250]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) 2 D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 272]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [355, 362]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , in humans , vitamin D is mainly derived from endogenous production of vitamin D 3 from ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation exposure to the skin while a small part ( < 10 % ) is obtained via dietary intake of dairy products and fatty fish ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "vitamin D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking these factors into account , geographic distribution and seasonality , skin pigmentation , age , and lifestyle may predispose certain populations to be at a higher risk of developing vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first valid reports correlating the importance of an adequate vitamin D status to optimal human health originate from the early part of the 20th century , when vitamin D was described to prevent and treat the bone disease rickets .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , the findings that vitamin D receptors ( VDR ) are present in many body tissues and that vitamin D metabolizing enzymes can be found in various cells outside the kidney , including the intestine , prostate , immune cells , and within the skin itself ( reviewed in reference 3 ) , have revolutionized the vitamin D business .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [316, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we will mainly focus on vitamin D as a component of immune regulation and on the role of vitamin D in antigen - specific and non - specific therapies with potential relevance for type 1 diabetes ( T1D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental effects of prenatal di - n - hexyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate exposure on reproductive tract of male rats : Postnatal outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "di - n - hexyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "dicyclohexyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is to investigate the effects of in utero di - n - hexyl phthalate ( DHP ) and dicyclohexyl phthalate exposure ( DCHP ) on the development of male reproductive tract at prepubertal , pubertal and adult stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "di - n - hexyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 84]}, {"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "dicyclohexyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 119]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant rats were exposed to DHP and DCHP at doses of 0 , 20 , 100 and 500mg / kg / day , by gavage , on gestational days ( GD ) 6 - 19 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone ( T ) levels of prepubertal rats diminished at high dose DHP and middle dose DCHP groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIS / AMH levels elevated in DHP and DCHP groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T levels of pubertal rats decreased in low and high dose DHP and DCHP groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibin B levels of adult rats diminished in DCHP groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atrophic and amorphous tubules , spermatogenic cell debris , apoptotic cells , adherent tubules , Sertoli cell vacuolisation , prostatic atrophic tubules and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN ) were observed in the reproductive organs of treated animals at all developmental stages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was an increase in immunoexpression of MIS / AMH in testes of treated rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no changes in sperm head count but percentages of abnormal sperms increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diameters of seminiferous and epididymal tubules in treatment groups were significantly lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that DHP and DCHP may have antiandrogenic effects on male reproductive development before and after birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "DCHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modeling the binding mechanism of Alzheimer ' s A beta 1 - 4 2 to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors based on similarity with snake alpha - neurotoxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For over a decade , it has been known that amyloid beta ( A beta ) peptides of Alzheimer ' s disease bind to the nicotinic alpha 7 acetylcholine receptor ( AChR ) with picomolar affinity , and that snake alpha - neurotoxins competitively inhibit this binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we propose a model of the binding mechanism of A beta peptides to alpha 7 - AChR at atomic level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding mechanism is based on sequence and structure similarities of A beta residues with functional residues of snake alpha - neurotoxins ( ATX ) in complex with AChR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding mechanism involves residue ( A beta ) K28 ( similar to ( ATX ) R32 ) which forms cation / pi interactions in the acetylcholine binding site , and residues ( A beta ) G29 - ( A beta ) I32 [ GAII ] ( similar to ( ATX ) G33 - ( ATX ) I36 [ GTII ] ) which form an intermolecular beta - sheet with residues ( alpha 7 ) F189 - ( alpha 7 ) E191 of AChR .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through these interactions , we propose that the AChR serves as a chaperone for A beta conformational changes from alpha - to beta - hairpin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interactions which block channel opening provide fundamental insight into A beta neurotoxicity and cognition impairment , that could contribute to pathogenic processes in Alzheimer ' s disease , thus paving the way for structure based therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrical detection of spin precession in freely suspended graphene spin valves on cross - linked poly ( methyl methacrylate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "poly ( methyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spin injection and detection is achieved in freely suspended graphene using cobalt electrodes and a nonlocal spin - valve geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The devices are fabricated with a single electron - beam - resist poly ( methyl methacrylate ) process that minimizes both the fabrication steps and the number of ( aggressive ) chemicals used , greatly reducing contamination and increasing the yield of high - quality , mechanically stable devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( methyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As - grown devices can present mobilities exceeding 10 ( 4 ) cm ( 2 ) V ( - 1 ) s ( - 1 ) at room temperature and , because the contacts deposited on graphene are only exposed to acetone and isopropanol , the method is compatible with almost any contacting material .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "isopropanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spin accumulation and spin precession are studied in these nonlocal spin valves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fitting of Hanle spin precession data in bilayer and multilayer graphene yields a spin relaxation time of ~ 125 - 250 ps and a spin diffusion length of 1 . 7 - 1 . 9 mu m at room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organometallic chemistry of cycloheptatrienyl zirconium complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cycloheptatrienyl zirconium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tutorial review summarizes the organometallic chemistry derived from the half - sandwich complex [ ( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) ZrCl ( tmeda ) ] , which was used as an efficient and versatile starting material for the incorporation of monoanionic ligands into the cycloheptatrienyl zirconium coordination sphere by conventional salt metathesis reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) ZrCl ( tmeda )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 150]}, {"entity": "cycloheptatrienyl zirconium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A broad variety of ligands was employed , affording novel and previously inaccessible cycloheptatrienyl ( sandwich ) complexes of the type [ ( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) Zr ( Y ) ] ; Y comprises pentadienyl , cyclopentadienyl , allyl , phospholyl , boratabenzene , imidazolin - 2 - iminato and amido systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "cycloheptatrienyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) Zr ( Y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 181]}, {"entity": "pentadienyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}, {"entity": "cyclopentadienyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 228]}, {"entity": "allyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 236]}, {"entity": "phospholyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "boratabenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 265]}, {"entity": "imidazolin - 2 - iminato", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 292]}, {"entity": "amido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cycloheptatrienyl ring in these systems usually acts as an \" innocent spectator ligand \" , but reactivity can arise from the second ligand Y or the Lewis acidity of the , formally , Zr ( + iv ) center , which was probed in selected examples and put in perspective to related studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "cycloheptatrienyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "Zr ( + iv )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding results emphasize why the use of [ ( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) ZrCl ( tmeda ) ] is clearly an advancement in the chemistry of the still fairly unexplored area of cycloheptatrienyl transition metal complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "( eta ( 7 ) - C ( 7 ) H ( 7 ) ) ZrCl ( tmeda )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 99]}, {"entity": "cycloheptatrienyl transition metal complexes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Portal vein glucose entry triggers a coordinated cellular response that potentiates hepatic glucose uptake and storage in normal but not high - fat / high - fructose - fed dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular events mediating the pleiotropic actions of portal vein glucose ( PoG ) delivery on hepatic glucose disposition have not been clearly defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , the molecular defects associated with postprandial hyperglycemia and impaired hepatic glucose uptake ( HGU ) following consumption of a high - fat , high - fructose diet ( HFFD ) are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal was to identify hepatocellular changes elicited by hyperinsulinemia , hyperglycemia , and PoG signaling in normal chow - fed ( CTR ) and HFFD - fed dogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In CTR dogs , we demonstrated that PoG infusion in the presence of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia triggered an increase in the activity of hepatic glucokinase ( GK ) and glycogen synthase ( GS ) , which occurred in association with further augmentation in HGU and glycogen synthesis ( GSYN ) in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , 4 weeks of HFFD feeding markedly reduced GK protein content and impaired the activation of GS in association with diminished HGU and GSYN in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the enzymatic changes associated with PoG sensing in chow - fed animals were abolished in HFFD - fed animals , consistent with loss of the stimulatory effects of PoG delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data reveal new insight into the molecular physiology of the portal glucose signaling mechanism under normal conditions and to the pathophysiology of aberrant postprandial hepatic glucose disposition evident under a diet - induced glucose - intolerant condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of the metabolites of lesogaberan using linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "lesogaberan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . In this study , hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ( HILIC ) , radiochemical activity monitoring and linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry ( MS ) and tandem mass spectrometry ( MS / MS ) were used to identify the metabolites of a highly polar novel gamma - aminobutyric acid type - B receptor agonist , lesogaberan , in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 301]}, {"entity": "lesogaberan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [330, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . Urine was collected from three male Wistar rats for 24 h after dosing with ( 14 ) C - labelled lesogaberan ( 170 mg / kg , 10 MBq / kg ) ; plasma samples were taken 2 and 24 h after dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 14 ) C - labelled lesogaberan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pooled samples were separated by HILIC and eluents were analysed by radiochemical activity monitoring , MS and MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . Only the parent compound was detected in plasma , but six metabolites ( M1 - M6 ) were detected in urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of MS and MS / MS data and comparison with synthetic reference standards enabled the identification of the structure of each metabolite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M1 was identified as the N - acetylated species [ ( 2R ) - 3 - acetamido - 2 - fluoropropyl ] - phosphinic acid , and M6 as [ ( 2R ) - 3 - amino - 2 - fluoropropyl ] - phosphonic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "[ ( 2R ) - 3 - acetamido - 2 - fluoropropyl ] - phosphinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 111]}, {"entity": "[ ( 2R ) - 3 - amino - 2 - fluoropropyl ] - phosphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolites M2 and M5 were the alcohol and carboxylic acid species 3 - hydroxypropyl - phosphinic acid and 3 - hydroxyphosphonoyl - propanoic acid , respectively , both of which had lost the fluorine atom present in the parent compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxypropyl - phosphinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 102]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxyphosphonoyl - propanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 146]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M3 was the corresponding carboxylic acid species retaining the fluorine atom , ( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - hydroxyphosphonoyl - propanoic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - hydroxyphosphonoyl - propanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally M4 was identified as [ ( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - guanidino - propyl ] - phosphinic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - guanidino - propyl ] - phosphinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparation and culture of precision - cut organ slices from human and animal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . Human and animal precision - cut organ slices are being widely used to obtain drug metabolism and toxicity profiles in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data are then used to predict what might be seen in human patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of this prediction and extrapolation of the findings based on human or animal in vitro systems to the findings that occur in vivo is dependent on both the quality of the tissue itself and the quality of the in vitro system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . The quality of human organs used in research is dependent on procurement methods , warm ischaemia time , preservation solutions , cold ischaemia time , and donor - specific factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to confirm that the organs being used are highly viable and fully functional before using them in scientific studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . The optimal preparation and incubation of organ slices is also essential in maintaining slice viability and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is important to prepare the slices in a cold preservation solution , to prepare the slices at a correct thickness , and to incubate the slices in a system where the slice rotates in out of the oxygen atmosphere and medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . Meeting the criteria outlined here will lead to successful organ slice cultures for investigating drug - induced mechanisms and organ - specific toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wnt / beta - catenin signaling activates bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in osteoblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BMP and Wnt / beta - catenin signaling pathways cooperatively regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although BMP signaling regulates gene expression of the Wnt pathway , much less is known about whether Wnt signaling modulates BMP expression in osteoblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the presence of putative Tcf / Lef response elements that bind beta - catenin / TCF transcription complex in the BMP2 promoter , we hypothesized that the Wnt / beta - catenin pathway stimulates BMP2 expression in osteogenic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we showed that Wnt / beta - catenin signaling is active in various osteoblast or osteoblast precursor cell lines , including MC3T3 - E1 , 2T3 , C2C12 , and C3H10T1 / 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , crosstalk between the BMP and Wnt pathways affected BMP signaling activity , osteoblast differentiation , and bone formation , suggesting Wnt signaling is an upstream regulator of BMP signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of Wnt signaling by Wnt3a or overexpression of beta - catenin / TCF4 both stimulated BMP2 transcription at promoter and mRNA levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , transcription of BMP2 in osteogenic cells was decreased by either blocking the Wnt pathway with DKK1 and sFRP4 , or inhibiting beta - catenin / TCF4 activity with FWD1 / beta - TrCP , ICAT , or Delta TCF4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a site - directed mutagenesis approach , we confirmed that Wnt / beta - catenin transactivation of BMP2 transcription is directly mediated through the Tcf / Lef response elements in the BMP2 promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results , which demonstrate that the Wnt / beta - catenin signaling pathway is an upstream activator of BMP2 expression in osteoblasts , provide novel insights into the nature of functional cross talk integrating the BMP and Wnt / beta - catenin pathways in osteoblastic differentiation and maintenance of skeletal homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imaging in the cardiovascular and metabolic disease area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a widely held belief that the use of non - invasive imaging can reduce the gap between basic science and clinical proof - of - concept , ultimately improving decision - making and therefore the efficiency of the drug development process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography ( PET ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) are routinely used in oncology and neuroscience drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , less attention has been paid to the systematic use of imaging in the cardiovascular and metabolic disease area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , with an emphasis on ' early clinical ' development , we discuss the application of imaging in those areas , highlighting opportunities and challenges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins from the maternal diet may be associated with immunosuppressive effects that persist into early childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated whether prenatal exposure from the maternal diet to the toxicants polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) and dioxins is associated with the development of immune - related diseases in childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 107]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children participating in BraMat , a sub - cohort of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study ( MoBa ) , were followed in the three first years of life using annual questionnaires ( 0 - 3years ; n = 162 , 2 - 3years ; n = 180 ) , and blood parameters were examined at three years of age ( n = 114 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maternal intake of the toxicants was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire from MoBa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal exposure to PCBs and dioxins was found to be associated with an increased risk of wheeze and more frequent upper respiratory tract infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , maternal exposure to PCBs and dioxins was found to be associated with reduced antibody response to a measles vaccine .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No associations were found between prenatal exposure and immunophenotype data , allergic sensitization and vaccine - induced antibody responses other than measles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that prenatal dietary exposure to PCBs and dioxins may increase the risk of wheeze and the susceptibility to infectious diseases in early childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A subchronic dietary toxicity study of rice hull fiber in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a 90 - day feeding study to investigate subchronic toxicity of rice hull fiber .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups ; each received a diet containing 0 % , 2 . 5 % , 3 . 75 % and 5 . 0 % ( w / w ) rice hull fiber for 90days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical observations were carried out daily , with weekly measurements of body weight and food consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed ophthalmic and histological examinations at termination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood and urine samples were collected to measure hematology and clinical chemistry parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No mortality , ophthalmic abnormalities , or adverse treatment - related effects were seen during clinical observations , hematological tests , or analyses of urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroscopic or microscopic examinations of organs revealed no treatment related abnormalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only treatment related significant changes were reduced concentrations of fasting blood glucose ( up to 17 . 6 % ) and cholesterol ( up to 22 . 0 % ) , typical benefits of dietary fiber , in males treated with 3 . 75 and 5 % rice hull fiber .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The no - observed - adverse - effect - level ( NOAEL ) for rice hull fiber was 5 . 0 % for both genders ( females , 3 . 80g / kg body weight / day ; males , 4 . 11g / kg body weight / day ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PUB - NChIP - - \" in vivo biotinylation \" approach to study chromatin in proximity to a protein of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed an approach termed PUB - NChIP ( proximity utilizing biotinylation with native ChIP ) to purify and study the protein composition of chromatin in proximity to a nuclear protein of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is based on coexpression of ( 1 ) a protein of interest , fused with the bacterial biotin ligase BirA , together with ( 2 ) a histone fused to a biotin acceptor peptide ( BAP ) , which is specifically biotinylated by BirA - fusion in the proximity of the protein of interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the RAD18 protein as a model , we demonstrate that the RAD18 - proximal chromatin is enriched in some H4 acetylated species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the RAD18 - proximal chromatin containing a replacement histone H2AZ has a different pattern of H4 acetylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , biotin pulse - chase experiments show that the H4 acetylation pattern starts to resemble the acetylation pattern of total H4 after the proximity of chromatin to RAD18 has been lost .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatomical and functional damage in experimental glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by retinal ganglion cell ( RGC ) loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One important risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure and thus many animal models are based on spontaneous or induced ocular hypertension ( OHT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using these models it has been shown that RGCs initially suffer an impairment of the active axonal transport that progresses to a lack of passive diffusion along the axon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This axonal damage eventually causes the death of the parent RGCs in pie - shaped sectors of the retina , but there is also diffuse RGC loss , without involving displaced amacrine cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent data show that OHT results in a protracted insult to the inner and outer retina that causes functional alterations and ultimately , degeneration and death of cones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phlorotannin - rich Ecklonia cava reduces the production of beta - amyloid by modulating alpha - and gamma - secretase expression and activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phlorotannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beta - amyloid ( A beta ) is a major pathogenic peptide in Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) and is generated by the processing of amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that the brown algae Ecklonia cava , which has anti - oxidant and anti - inflammatory functions , decreased A beta production and further aggregation in HEK293 cells expressing the APP Swedish mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show the reduction mechanism of A beta production using the butanol extract of Ecklonia cava through the examination of expression and activity of alpha - , beta - , and gamma - secretase .", "entity": [{"entity": "butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with the extract resulted in the activation of alpha - secretase with a contrasting decrease in its mRNA and protein expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This activation was consistent with the translocation of the extract into the plasma membrane of the secretase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma - secretase activity was lowered by E . cava , and this effect may be due to the decreased expression of PSEN1 mRNA and protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the basal nuclear location of PSEN1 , which may affect chromosome missegregation in neurodegenerative disease , was reduced by the extract , despite the significance of this finding remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results led us to conclude that E . cava regulated the expression and activity of gamma - secretase and alpha - secretase , leading to a reduction in A beta production by the stable cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that E . cava is a novel natural - product candidate for AD treatment , although further in vivo studies are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis induced neurotoxicity of Di - n - butyl - di - ( 4 - chlorobenzohydroxamato ) Tin ( IV ) via mitochondria - mediated pathway in PC12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Di - n - butyl - di - ( 4 - chlorobenzohydroxamato ) Tin ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The severe toxicity of antitumor organotin ( IV ) compounds limits their application in clinic , however , the toxic mechanism is still unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "organotin ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Di - n - butyl - di - ( 4 - chlorobenzohydroxamato ) Tin ( IV ) ( DBDCT ) , an antitumor agent with high activity and obvious neurotoxicity was chosen as a typical diorganotin ( IV ) compound to investigate its neurotoxic mechanism using PC12 cells and comprehensive methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Di - n - butyl - di - ( 4 - chlorobenzohydroxamato ) Tin ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 63]}, {"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "diorganotin ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with DBDCT resulted in a dose - and time - dependent growth inhibition of PC12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in cell morphology were observed using light microscopy , fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PC12 cell apoptosis induced by DBDCT was confirmed by annexin V / propidium iodide staining , and characterized by cleavage of caspase - 9 and caspase - 3 proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "propidium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBDCT induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the generation of reactive oxygen species .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBDCT up - regulated the expression of Bax , down - regulated the expression of Bcl - 2 , and significantly increased the ratio of Bax / Bcl - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBDCT also caused the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 ( MAPK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rats exposed to DBDCT , apoptosis was also observed in brain , as shown by the detection of cleaved caspase - 9 and caspase - 3 proteins and increased TUNEL positive staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the results demonstrated that DBDCT caused the neurotoxicity by inducing apoptosis via mitochondria - mediated pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBDCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion compound based approach to forming arrays of artificial dipolar molecular rotors : a search for optimal rotor structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hexagonal tris ( o - phenylenedioxy ) cyclotriphosphazene ( TPP ) is used as ahost for organizing dipolar molecular rotor guests into regular trigonal arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "tris ( o - phenylenedioxy ) cyclotriphosphazene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 57]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of molecular rotors with transversely dipolar rotators into TPP channels is followed by solid - state nuclear magnetic resonance , diifferential scanning calorimetry , X - ray diffraction , and dielectric spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more polar of the two rotors does not form an inclusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second rotor forms two different inclusions differing in crystallite size and the rotational barriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycopolymers and glyco - nanoparticles in biomolecular recognition processes and vaccine development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With advances in polymerization techniques as well as selective chemical modification of carbohydrates , glycopolymers and glyco - nanoparticles are emerging as an important class of materials with tailored properties or novel nanotechnology - based platforms for a number of applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The field of the so - called glyco - nanotechnology is starting to show some promises for future clinical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glyco - nanoparticles , due to their versatile nature , could offer a platform for the design of carbohydrate - based vaccines and possibly allow the development of new single - dose vaccines in disease areas of unmet need .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper surveys the emerging roles of carbohydrate - based polymeric and nanomaterials for biomolecular recognition processes and vaccine development .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions between CYP2E1 and CYP2B4 : effects on affinity for NADPH - cytochrome P450 reductase and substrate metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies in microsomal and reconstituted systems have shown that the presence of one cytochrome P450 isoform can significantly influence the catalytic activity of another isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we assessed whether CYP2E1 could influence the catalytic activity of CYP2B4 under steady - state turnover conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that CYP2E1 inhibits CYP2B4 - mediated metabolism of benzphetamine ( BNZ ) with a K ( i ) of 0 . 04 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "BNZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , CYP2B4 is not an inhibitor of CYP2E1 - mediated p - nitrophenol hydroxylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - nitrophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When these inhibition studies were performed with the artificial oxidant tert - butyl hydroperoxide , CYP2E1 did not significantly inhibit CYP2B4 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "tert - butyl hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determinations of the apparent K ( M ) and k ( cat ) of CYP2B4 for CPR in the presence of increasing concentrations of CYP2E1 revealed a mixed inhibition of CYP2B4 by CYP2E1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low concentrations of CYP2E1 , the apparent K ( M ) of CYP2B4 for CPR increased up to 23 - fold with virtually no change in the k ( cat ) for the reaction , however , at higher concentrations of CYP2E1 , the apparent K ( M ) of CYP2B4 for CPR decreased to levels similar to those observed in the absence of CYP2E1 and the k ( cat ) also decreased by 11 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , CYP2E1 increased the apparent K ( M ) of CYP2B4 for BNZ by 8 - fold and the apparent K ( M ) did not decrease to its original value when saturating concentrations of CPR were used .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the individual apparent K ( M ) values of CYP2B4 and CYP2E1 for CPR are similar , the apparent K ( M ) of CYP2E1 for CPR in the presence of CYP2B4 decreased significantly , thus suggesting that CYP2B4 enhances the affinity of CYP2E1 for CPR and this may allow CYP2E1 to out - compete CYP2B4 for CPR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Songaricalarins A - E , cytotoxic oplopane sesquiterpenes from Ligularia songarica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Songaricalarins A - E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "oplopane sesquiterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five new highly oxygenated oplopane sesquiterpenes , songaricalarins A - E ( 1 - 5 ) , and two known analogues ( 6 and 7 ) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Ligularia songarica .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygenated oplopane sesquiterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 50]}, {"entity": "songaricalarins A - E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods , including 2D - NMR techniques , and the structure of 1 was confirmed by single - crystal X - ray diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against cultured A - 549 , MCF - 7 , KB , and KBVIN cells , and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 4 . 9 , 0 . 8 , 3 . 4 , and 3 . 2 mu g / mL , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis is required for stress fracture healing in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although angiogenesis and osteogenesis are critically linked , the importance of angiogenesis for stress fracture healing is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , mechanical loading was used to create a non - displaced stress fracture in the adult rat forelimb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fumagillin , an anti - angiogenic agent , was used as the water soluble analogue TNP - 470 ( 25mg / kg ) as well as incorporated into lipid - encapsulated alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) integrin targeted nanoparticles ( 0 . 25mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fumagillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "TNP - 470", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first experiment , TNP - 470 was administered daily for 5 days following mechanical loading , and changes in gene expression , vascularity , and woven bone formation were quantified .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNP - 470", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no changes in vascularity were detected 3 days after loading , treatment - related downregulation of angiogenic ( Pecam1 ) and osteogenic ( Bsp , Osx ) genes was observed at this early time point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 7 , microCT imaging of loaded limbs revealed diminished woven bone formation in treated limbs compared to vehicle treated limbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second experiment , alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) integrin targeted fumagillin nanoparticles were administered as before , albeit with a 100 - fold lower dose , and changes in vascularity and woven bone formation were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "fumagillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no treatment - related changes in vessel count or volume 3 days after loading , although fewer angiogenic ( CD105 positive ) blood vessels were present in treated limbs compared to vehicle treated limbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result manifested on day 7 as a reduction in total vascularity , as measured by histology ( vessel count ) and microCT ( vessel volume ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to the first experiment , treated limbs had diminished woven bone formation on day 7 compared to vehicle treated limbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that angiogenesis is required for stress fracture healing , and may have implications for inducing rapid repair of stress fractures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid residues at the N - and C - termini are essential for the folding of active human butyrylcholinesterase polypeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human serum butyrylcholinesterase ( HuBChE ) is currently the most suitable bioscavenger for the prophylaxis of highly toxic organophosphate ( OP ) nerve agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dose of 200mg of HuBChE is envisioned as a prophylactic treatment that can protect humans from an exposure of up to 2 x LD50 of soman .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limited availability and administration of multiple doses of this stoichiometric bioscavenger make this pretreatment difficult .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the goal of this study was to produce a smaller enzymatically active HuBChE polypeptide ( HBP ) that could bind to nerve agents with high affinity thereby reducing the dose of enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies have indicated that the three - dimensional structure and the domains of HuBChE ( acyl pocket , lip of the active center gorge , and the anionic substrate - binding domain ) that are critical for the binding of substrate are also essential for the selectivity and binding of inhibitors including OPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we designed three HBPs by deleting some N - and C - terminal residues of HuBChE by maintaining the folds of the active site core that includes the three active site residues ( S198 , E325 , and H438 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBP - 4 that lacks 45 residues from C - terminus but known to have BChE activity was used as a control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cDNAs for the HBPs containing signal sequences were synthesized , cloned into different mammalian expression vectors , and recombinant polypeptides were transiently expressed in different cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No BChE activity was detected in the culture media of cells transfected with any of the newly designed HBPs , and the inactive polypeptides remained inside the cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only enzymatically active HBP - 4 was secreted into the culture medium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that residues at the N - and C - termini are required for the folding and / or maintenance of HBP into an active stable , conformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of H1 calponin in osteoblast lineage cells leads to a decrease in bone mass by disrupting osteoblast function and promoting osteoclast formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H1 calponin ( CNN1 ) is known as a smooth muscle - specific , actin - binding protein which regulates smooth muscle contractive activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although previous studies have shown that CNN1 has effect on bone , the mechanism is not well defined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the role of CNN1 in maintaining bone homeostasis , we generated transgenic mice overexpressing Cnn1 under the control of the osteoblast - specific 3 . 6 - kb Col1a1 promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Col1a1 - Cnn1 transgenic mice showed delayed bone formation at embryonic stage and decreased bone mass at adult stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphology analyses showed reduced trabecular number , thickness and defects in bone formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proliferation and migration of osteoblasts were decreased in Col1a1 - Cnn1 mice due to alterations in cytoskeleton .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The early osteoblast differentiation of Col1a1 - Cnn1 mice was increased , but the late stage differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts derived from Col1a1 - Cnn1 mice were significantly decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to impaired bone formation , the decreased bone mass was also associated with enhanced osteoclastogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tartrate - resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP ) staining revealed increased osteoclast numbers in tibias of 2 - month - old Col1a1 - Cnn1 mice , and increased numbers of osteoclasts co - cultured with Col1a1 - Cnn1 osteoblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tartrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of RANKL to OPG was significantly increased in Col1a1 - Cnn1 osteoblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings reveal a novel function of CNN1 in maintaining bone homeostasis by coupling bone formation to bone resorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical imaging techniques for point - of - care diagnostics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving access to effective and affordable healthcare has long been a global endeavor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this quest , the development of cost - effective and easy - to - use medical testing equipment that enables rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce the time and costs associated with healthcare services .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , point - of - care ( POC ) diagnostics plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery in both developed and developing countries by bringing medical testing to patients , or to sites near patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases , including various types of cancers and many endemics , relies on optical techniques , numerous compact and cost - effective optical imaging platforms have been developed in recent years for use at the POC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review the state - of - the - art optical imaging techniques that can have a significant impact on global health by facilitating effective and affordable POC diagnostics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid effects on changes in bone mineral density and cortical structure in childhood nephrotic syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of glucocorticoids ( GC ) on skeletal development has not been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to examine changes in volumetric bone mineral density ( vBMD ) and cortical structure over 1 year in childhood nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) and to identify associations with concurrent GC exposure and growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - six NS participants , aged 5 to 21 years , were enrolled a median of 4 . 3 ( 0 . 5 to 8 . 1 ) years after diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pQCT ) scans were obtained at enrollment and 6 and 12 months later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex , race , and age - specific Z - scores were generated for trabecular vBMD ( TrabBMD - Z ) , cortical vBMD ( CortBMD - Z ) , and cortical area ( CortArea - Z ) based on > 650 reference participants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CortArea - Z was further adjusted for tibia length - for - age Z - score .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quasi - least squares regression was used to identify determinants of changes in pQCT Z - scores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At enrollment , mean TrabBMD - Z ( - 0 . 54 +/- 1 . 32 ) was significantly lower ( p = 0 . 0001 ) and CortBMD - Z ( 0 . 73 +/- 1 . 16 , p < 0 . 0001 ) and CortArea - Z ( 0 . 27 +/- 0 . 91 , p = 0 . 03 ) significantly greater in NS versus reference participants , as previously described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - eight ( 86 % ) participants were treated with GC over the study interval ( median dose 0 . 29 mg / kg / day ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On average , TrabBMD - Z and CortBMD - Z did not change significantly over the study interval ; however , CortArea - Z decreased ( p = 0 . 003 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater GC dose ( p < 0 . 001 ) , lesser increases in tibia length ( p < 0 . 001 ) , and lesser increases in CortArea - Z ( p = 0 . 003 ) were independently associated with greater increases in CortBMD - Z .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater increases in tibia length were associated with greater declines in CortArea - Z ( p < 0 . 01 ) ; this association was absent in reference participants ( interaction p < 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , GC therapy was associated with increases in CortBMD - Z , potentially related to suppressed bone formation and greater secondary mineralization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , greater growth and expansion of CortArea - Z ( ie , new bone formation ) were associated with declines in CortBMD - Z .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater linear growth was associated with impaired expansion of cortical area in NS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies are needed to determine the fracture implications of these findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropeptide Y is a critical modulator of leptin ' s regulation of cortical bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leptin signaling is required for normal bone homeostasis ; however , loss of leptin results in differing effects on cortical and cancellous bone , as well as altered responses between the axial and appendicular regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local beta - adrenergic actions are responsible for the greater cancellous bone volume in leptin - deficient ( ob / ob ) mice ; however , the mechanism responsible for the opposing reduction in cortical bone in ob / ob mice is not known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that blocking the leptin - deficient increase in neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) expression reverses the cortical bone loss in ob / ob mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice null for both NPY and leptin ( NPY ( - / - ) ob / ob ) , display greater cortical bone mass in both long - bones and vertebra , with NPY ( - / - ) ob / ob mice exhibiting thicker and denser cortical bone , associated with greater endocortical and periosteal mineral apposition rate ( MAR ) , compared to ob / ob animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , these cortical changes occurred without significant increases in body weight , with NPY ( - / - ) ob / ob mice showing significantly reduced adiposity compared to ob / ob controls , most likely due to the reduced respiratory exchange ratio seen in these animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , cancellous bone volume was not different between NPY ( - / - ) ob / ob and ob / ob , suggesting that NPY is not influencing the adrenergic axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , this work demonstrates the critical role of NPY signaling in the regulation of bone and energy homeostasis , and more importantly , suggests that reduced leptin levels or leptin resistance , which occurs in obesity , could potentially inhibit cortical bone formation via increased central NPY signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterisation of acetylcholinesterase release from neuronal cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) is primarily a hydrolytic enzyme , metabolising the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses , it also has some non - catalytic functions in the brain which are far less well characterised .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AChE was shown to be secreted or shed from the neuronal cell surface like several other membrane proteins , such as the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since AChE does not possess a transmembrane domain , its anchorage in the membrane is established via the Proline Rich Membrane Anchor ( PRiMA ) , a transmembrane protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the subunit oligomerisation and membrane anchor of AChE are shared by a related enzyme , butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) , the physiological function of which in the brain is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have assayed the relative activities of AChE and BChE in membrane fractions and culture medium of three different neuronal cell lines , namely the neuroblastoma cell lines SH - SY5Y and NB7 and the mouse basal forebrain cell line SN56 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to understand the shedding process of AChE , we have used several pharmacological treatments , which showed that it is likely to be mediated in part by an EDTA - and batimastat - sensitive , but GM6001 - insensitive metalloprotease , with the possible additional involvement of a thiol isomerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 172]}, {"entity": "batimastat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "GM6001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 214]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular release of AChE by SH - SY5Y is significantly enhanced by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ( mAChR ) agonists carbachol or muscarine , with the effect of carbachol blocked by the mAChR antagonist atropine .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "muscarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AChE has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer ' s disease and it has been shown that it accelerates formation and increases toxicity of amyloid fibrils , which have been closely linked to the pathology of AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of this , greater understanding of AChE and BChE physiology may also benefit AD research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholinesterases in development : AChE as a firewall to inhibit cell proliferation and support differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) is a most remarkable protein , not only because it is one of the fastest enzymes in nature , but also since it appears in many molecular forms and is regulated by elaborate genetic networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AChE is expressed in many tissues during development and in mature organisms , as well as in healthy and diseased states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In search for alternative , \" non - classical \" functions of cholinesterases ( ChEs ) , AChE could either work within the frame of classic cholinergic systems , but in non - neural tissues ( \" non - synaptic function \" ) , or act non - enzymatically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review briefly some of the major ideas and advances of this field , and report on some recent progress from our own experimental work , e . g . that ( i ) non - neural ChEs have pronounced , predominantly enzymatic effects on early embryonic ( limb ) development in chick and mouse , that ( ii ) retinal R28 cells of the rat overexpressing synaptic AChE present a significantly decreased cell proliferation , and that ( iii ) in developing chick retina ACh - synthesizing and ACh - degrading cells originate from the same postmitotic precursor cells , which later form two locally opposing cell populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [359, 362]}, {"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [463, 466]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that such distinct distributions of ChAT ( + ) vs . AChE ( + ) cells in the inner half retina provide graded distributions of ACh , which can direct cell differentiation and network formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , as corroborated by works from many labs , AChE can be considered a highly co - opting protein , which can combine enzymatic and non - enzymatic functions within one molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoengineered colloidal probes for Raman - based detection of biomolecules inside living cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold nanoparticle aggregate carbon nanotube functionalized colloidal particles serve as an efficient platform for probing the intracellular environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The probes provide the means of effective localization of signal and detection of molecular fingerprints of biomolecules in living cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The approach demonstrated in this work opens significant opportunities in molecular imaging as well as intracellular sensing and trafficking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex and dose - dependent effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol A on anxiety and spatial learning in deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii ) offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is a widely produced , endocrine disrupting compound that is pervasive in the environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data suggest that developmental exposure to BPA during sexual differentiation of the brain leads to later behavioral consequences in offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outbred deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii ) are an excellent animal model for such studies as they exhibit well - defined sex - and steroid - dependent behaviors .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , dams during gestation and lactation were fed with a phytoestrogen - free control diet , the same diet supplemented with either ethinyl estradiol ( 0 . 1 ppb ) , or one of the three doses of BPA ( 50 mg , 5 mg , 50 mu g / kg feed weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethinyl estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 151]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After weaning , the pups were maintained on control diet until they reached sexual maturity and then assessed for both spatial learning capabilities and anxiety - like and exploratory behaviors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative to controls , males exposed to the two upper but not the lowest dose of BPA demonstrated similar impairments in spatial learning , increased anxiety and reduced exploratory behaviors as ethinyl estradiol - exposed males , while females exposed to ethinyl estradiol , but not to BPA , consistently exhibited masculinized spatial abilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "ethinyl estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 212]}, {"entity": "ethinyl estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 273]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also determined whether dams maintained chronically on the upper dose of BPA contained environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA in their blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While serum concentrations of unconjugated BPA in controls were below the minimum level of detection , those from dams on the BPA diet were comparable ( 5 . 48 +/- 2 . 07 ng / ml ) to concentrations that have been observed in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these studies demonstrate that developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA can disrupt adult behaviors in a dose - and sex - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - propelled nanojets via template electrodeposition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we present a rapid , high - yield , low - end and low - cost fabrication of nanojet motors using a template directed electrochemical deposition method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using an electrochemical deposition method , the bubble - ejecting nanojets were grown within the alumina template , which is commercially available .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fabricated nanosized devices have typical dimensions of 300 nm ( diameter ) by 4 . 5 mu m ( length ) , and they are able to move in a hydrogen peroxide fuel solution with velocities up to approximately 40 body lengths per second .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are also capable of exhibiting various modes of movement such as straight , screw - like and circular motions , in a similar manner comparable to larger micro - sized jets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , due to their small dimensions , the movements of these nanojets can be strongly influenced by colliding them with microbubbles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This highly parallel method which is of low - cost and requires the usage of low - end equipment that can be easily located in any laboratory opens up the doors for world - wide nanojet fabrication in the near future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrine disruptors fludioxonil and fenhexamid stimulate miR - 21 expression in breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid and fludioxonil are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications , which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid and fludioxonil showed endocrine disruptor activity as antiandrogens in an androgen receptor reporter assay in engineered human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little is known about how environmental chemicals regulate microRNA ( miRNA ) expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the effect of fenhexamid and fludioxonil on the expression of the oncomiR miR - 21 in MCF - 7 , T47D , and MDA - MB - 231 human breast cancer cells and downstream targets of miR - 21 in MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid and fludioxonil stimulated miR - 21 expression in a concentration - dependent manner and reduced the expression of miR - 21 target Pdcd4 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisense to miR - 21 blocked the increase in Pdcd4 protein by fenhexamid and fludioxonil .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid and fludioxonil reduced miR - 125b and miR - 181a , demonstrating specificity of miRNA regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of miR - 21 was inhibited by the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant , by androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide , by actinomycin D and cycloheximide , and by inhibitors of the mitogen - activated protein kinases and phosphoinositide 3 - kinase pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "fulvestrant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "bicalutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "cycloheximide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 167]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid activation was inhibited by the arylhydrocarbon receptor antagonist alpha - napthoflavone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "arylhydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "alpha - napthoflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenhexamid and fludioxonil did not affect dihydrotestosterone - induced miR - 21 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "dihydrotestosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fludioxonil , but not fenhexamid , inhibited MCF - 7 cell viability , and both inhibited estradiol - induced cell proliferation and reduced cell motility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these data indicate that fenhexamid and fludioxonil use similar and distinct mechanisms to increase miR - 21 expression with downstream antiestrogenic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenhexamid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "fludioxonil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzo [ a ] pyrene - induced transcriptomic responses in primary hepatocytes and in vivo liver : toxicokinetics is essential for in vivo - in vitro comparisons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traditional 2 - year cancer bioassay needs replacement by more cost - effective and predictive tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of toxicogenomics in an in vitro system may provide a more high - throughput method to investigate early alterations induced by carcinogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the differential gene expression response in wild - type and cancer - prone Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) primary mouse hepatocytes after exposure to benzo [ a ] pyrene ( B [ a ] P ) revealed downregulation of cancer - related pathways in Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) hepatocytes only .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 177]}, {"entity": "B [ a ] P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated pathway regulation upon in vivo B [ a ] P exposure of wild - type and Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "B [ a ] P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo transcriptomics analysis revealed a limited gene expression response in mouse livers , but with a significant induction of DNA replication and apoptotic / anti - apoptotic cellular responses in Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) livers only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to be able to make a meaningful in vivo - in vitro comparison we estimated internal in vivo B [ a ] P concentrations using DNA adduct levels and physiologically based kinetic modeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "B [ a ] P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these results , the in vitro concentration that corresponded best with the internal in vivo dose was chosen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated similarities in transcriptomics response : xenobiotic metabolism , lipid metabolism and oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we were unable to detect cancer - related pathways in either wild - type or Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) exposed livers , which were previously found to be induced by B [ a ] P in Xpa ( - / - ) p53 ( + / - ) primary hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "B [ a ] P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we showed parallels in gene expression responses between livers and primary hepatocytes upon exposure to equivalent concentrations of B [ a ] P .", "entity": [{"entity": "B [ a ] P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we recommend considering toxicokinetics when modeling a complex in vivo endpoint with in vitro models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmentally relevant concentrations of a common insecticide increase predation risk in a freshwater gastropod .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecological receptors are faced with a multitude of stressors that include abiotic and biotic factors creating a challenge for assessing risk of chemical exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of particular interest and importance are the effects of contaminants on inter - species interactions such as competition and predator - prey relationships .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to determine whether environmentally relevant concentrations of the commonly used insecticide , malathion , would alter predator avoidance behavior in a freshwater gastropod that could translate to increased predation risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We exposed adult Physa pomilia snails to 0 , 0 . 25 , or 1 . 0 mg / L malathion for 2 , 24 , or 48 h and evaluated predator avoidance using a behavioral assay in which snails were exposed to cues from predatory crayfish .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found a significant reduction in predator avoidance in snails exposed to both concentrations of malathion after 48 h of exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate whether observed effects of malathion on predator avoidance actually increased susceptibility of snails to predators , we conducted a predator challenge experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snails exposed to 0 . 25 mg / L malathion for 48 h were significantly more susceptible to predation .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That increased predation risk was evident 48 h after initial malathion exposures is a unique result because most studies have evaluated behavioral responses soon after ( < 12 h ) initiation of pesticide exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent to which the observed interactions affect natural populations , and the mechanisms through which they are mediated are largely unexplored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , our study is the first to show that a commonly used insecticide decreases predator avoidance and may actually increase predation susceptibility in gastropods at concentrations several orders of magnitude below acute toxicity levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contamination by metals and pharmaceuticals in northern Taihu Lake ( China ) and its relation to integrated biomarker response in fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taihu Lake is the largest shallow freshwater lake in eastern China and is suffering not only from an increasingly serious threat of eutrophication but also potential ecological risk due to the input of emerging contaminants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active biomonitoring was conducted in Taihu Lake using transplanted goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) to determine the contamination by pharmaceuticals and metals and to assess the potential ecological risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A suite of biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase , ethoxyresorufin O - deethylase , glutathione S - transferase , glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in fish after 7 , 14 , 21 and 28 days of exposure in situ , as well as pharmaceuticals and metals in water , were determined during the field exposure period .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethoxyresorufin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 72]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 101]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that pharmaceuticals exist mainly in Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay , while metals are present mainly in Gong Bay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An integrated biomarker response ( IBR ) was calculated and used to evaluate the ecological risk of the polluted area of Taihu Lake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that Zhushan Bay might present higher risk to fish , followed by Meiliang Bay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IBR values were in good agreement with copper and caffeine concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New markers of apoptosis in children on chronic dialysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced apoptosis is characteristic for chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A specific type of apoptosis , anoikis , is connected with the extracellular matrix turnover and cell detachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although E - cadherin , extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRIN ) and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) - 8 may play an important role in this process , they have not been analyzed in any nephrological aspect , either in CKD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of E - cadherin , EMMPRIN and their potential regulators ( MMP - 8 , MMP - 7 , TIMP - 1 , TIMP - 2 ) , with relevance to apoptosis / cell damage markers ( sFas , sFasL , Hsp27 ) , in children with CKD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "39 CKD children stages 3 - 4 , 26 CKD children stage 5 still on conservative treatment , 19 patients on hemodialysis ( HD ) , 22 children on automated peritoneal dialysis ( APD ) and 30 controls were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum concentrations of those parameters were assessed by ELISA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median E - cadherin , EMMPRIN and MMP - 8 values were significantly increased in patients on dialysis versus those in pre - dialysis period and versus controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest values were noticed in the HD subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regression analysis revealed that EMMPRIN and MMP - 8 predicted various apoptosis markers , whereas E - cadherin turned out the best predictor of both apoptosis ( Hsp27 , sFas , sFasL ) and matrix turnover ( MMP - 7 , TIMP - 1 , TIMP - 2 ) indexes in dialyzed patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with CKD are prone to E - cadherin , EMMPRIN and MMP - 8 elevation , aggravated by the dialysis commencement and most evident on hemodialysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlations between parameters suggest their role as indexes of apoptosis in children on dialysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E - cadherin seems the most accurate marker of anoikis in this population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of hepatic phase II metabolism in pregnant mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase II enzymes , including Ugts , Sults , and Gsts , are critical for the disposition and detoxification of endo - and xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the mRNA and protein expression of major phase II enzymes , as well as key regulatory transcription factors , were quantified in livers of time - matched pregnant and virgin control C57BL / 6 mice on gestation days ( GD ) 7 , 11 , 14 , 17 , and postnatal days ( PND ) 1 , 15 , and 30 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with virgin controls , the mRNA expression of Ugt1a1 , 1a6 , 1a9 , 2a3 , 2b1 , 2b34 , and 2b35 decreased 40 to 80 % in pregnant dams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein expression of Ugt1a6 also decreased and corresponded with reduced in vitro glucuronidation of bisphenol A in S9 fractions from livers of pregnant mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to Ugts levels , Gsta1 and a4 mRNAs were reduced in pregnant dams in mid to late gestation ; however no change in protein expression was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , Sult1a1 , 2a1 / 2 , and 3a1 mRNAs increased 100 to 500 % at various time points in pregnant and lactating mice and corresponded with enhanced in vitro sulfation of acetaminophen in liver S9 fractions .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coinciding with maximal decreases in Ugts as well as increases in Sults , the expression of transcription factors CAR , PPAR alpha , and PXR and their target genes were downregulated , whereas ER alpha mRNA was upregulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these data demonstrate altered regulation of hepatic phase II metabolism in mice during pregnancy and suggest that CAR , PPAR alpha , PXR , and ER alpha signaling pathways may be candidate signaling pathways responsible for these changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendritic arbor of neurons in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus in female prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female mating behavior in rats is associated with hormone - induced changes in the dendritic arbor of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( VMH ) , particularly the ventrolateral portion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of mating behavior in female prairie voles differs substantially from that in rats ; therefore , we examined the dendritic morphology of VMH neurons in this species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sexually na i ve adult female prairie voles were housed with a male to activate the females ' reproductive endocrine system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following 48 h of cohabitation , females were tested for evidence of reproductive activation by assessing the level of male sexual interest , after which their brains were processed using Golgi impregnation , which allowed ventrolateral VMH neurons to be visualized and analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendritic arborization in the female prairie vole VMH neurons was strikingly similar to that of female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key difference was that in the prairie voles the long primary dendrites extended considerably further than those observed in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although most female voles paired with males exhibited sexual activation , some females did not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two groups displayed specific differences in their VMH dendrites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the long primary dendrites were longer in the reproductively active females compared with those in the non - activated females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , dendrite lengths were positively correlated with plasma estradiol levels in females exposed to males , but not in unpaired females .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although causal relationships between the neuroendocrine events , dendrite length , and the outward , behavioral manifestation of reproductive activation cannot be determined from this study , these results suggest an association between ventrolateral VMH dendrite morphology and female mating behavior in prairie voles , akin to what has been observed in female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hormesis : its impact on medicine and health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article offers a broad assessment of the hormetic dose response and its relevance to biomedical researchers , physicians , the pharmaceutical industry , and public health scientists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article contains a series of 61 questions followed by relatively brief but referenced responses that provides support for the conclusion that hormesis is a reproducible phenomenon , commonly observed , with a frequency far greater than other dose - response models such as the threshold and linear nonthreshold dose - response models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The article provides a detailed background information on the historical foundations of hormesis , its quantitative features , mechanistic foundations , as well as how hormesis is currently being used within medicine and identifying how this concept could be further applied in the development of new therapeutic advances and in improved public health practices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APP independent and dependent effects on neurite outgrowth are modulated by the receptor associated protein ( RAP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) and its secreted form , sAPP , contribute to the development of neurons in hippocampus , a brain region critical for learning and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full - length APP binds the low - density lipoprotein receptor - related protein ( LRP ) , which stimulates APP endocytosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LRP also contributes to neurite growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the receptor associated protein ( RAP ) binds LRP in a manner that blocks APP - LRP interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate APP contributions to neurite growth for full - length APP and sAPP , we cultured wild type ( WT ) and APP knockout ( KO ) neurons in sAPP alpha and / or RAP and measured neurite outgrowth at 1 day in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data reveal that WT neurons had less axonal outgrowth including less axon branching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAP treatment potentiated the inhibitory effects of APP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KO neurons had significantly more outgrowth and branching , especially in response to RAP , effects which were also associated with ERK2 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results affirm a major inhibitory role by full - length APP on all aspects of axonal and dendritic outgrowth , and show that RAP - LRP binding stimulated axon growth independently of APP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings support a major role for APP as an inhibitor of neurite growth and reveal novel signaling functions for LRP that may be disrupted by Alzheimer ' s pathology or therapies aimed at APP processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human ether - a - go - go - related gene channel blockers and its structural analysis for drug design .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human ether - a - go - go - related gene ( hERG ) is a K + channel protein mainly expressed in the heart and the nervous systems and its blockade by non - cardiovascular acting drugs resulted in tachycardia and sudden death .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "K +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this present review , we have focused the physicochemical properties responsible for the hERG blocking activity of structurally different compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reported research works showed that the hydrophobicity on the van der Waals ( vdW ) surface of the molecules ( aroused from the aromatic ring ) necessary for the hERG blocking activity along with topological and electronic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quinolizidine alkaloids ( natural products ) such as oxymatrine , sophoridine , sophocarpine and matrine carry the common molecular structure of O = C = N - C - C - C - N that possessed positive ionotropic effect and hERG blocking activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolizidine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "oxymatrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "sophoridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "sophocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "O = C = N - C - C - C - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acehytisine hydrochloride ( previously named Guangfu base A ) was isolated from the root of Aconitum coreanum ( Levl . ) , is an anti - arrhythmic drug in phase IV clinical trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acehytisine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Guangfu base A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isoquinoline alkaloid , neferine ( Nef ) induces a concentration - dependent decrease in current amplitude ( IC50 of 7 . 419 MM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoquinoline alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "neferine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "Nef", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these natural product compounds contain non - flexible aromatic structures but have significant activity due to the presence of optimum hydrophobicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research works revealed that Eag and hERG channels are expressed by a variety of cancer cell lines and tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Eag channel showed an oncogenic potential while hERG channels are associated with more aggressive tumors and have a role in mediating invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review concluded that the consideration of physicochemical properties necessary for the hERG blocking activity will guide to develop novel drugs with less cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro synergistic interaction between amide piplartine and antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin against Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula and adult worms .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schistosomiasis is one of the world ' s major public health problems , and praziquantel is the only available drug to treat this notable neglected disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "praziquantel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug combinations have been considered an important strategy for treatment of infectious diseases , which might enhance therapeutic efficacy and delaying resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have examined the in vitro activities of the amide piplartine and the antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin 01 administered singly or in combination against Schistosoma mansoni of different ages including 3 - hour - old and 7 - day - old schistosomula and 49 - day - old adult schistosomes as well as on egg output by adult worms .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We calculated the median lethal concentrations ( LC ( 50 ) ) of 7 . 87 and 17 . 99 mu M on 49 - day - old adults , 11 . 02 and 71 . 58 mu M on 7 - day - old schistosomula , and 70 . 87 and 98 . 42 mu M on 3 - hour - old schistosomula for piplartine and dermaseptin , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most Piplartine / dermaseptin combinations showed synergistic effect , with combination index ( CI ) values less than 0 . 9 when S . mansoni adults or schistosomula were simultaneously incubated with both drugs in vitro ; synergy between these two compounds was also indicated using isobolograms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we observed alterations on the tegumental surface of schistosomula and adult schistosomes by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , egg laying of surviving worms was considerably more reduced when exposed to the piplartine / dermaseptin combinations than each drug alone , and this inhibition was irreversible .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report on the synergistic effect between piplartine and dermaseptin against S . mansoni and opens the route to further studies ( e . g . in vivo ) to characterize this combination in greater detail .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physiological effects of waterborne lead exposure in spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To broaden our knowledge about the toxicity of metals in marine elasmobranchs , cannulated spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) were exposed to 20 mu M and 100 mu M lead ( Pb ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since we wanted to focus on sub lethal ion - osmoregulatory and respiratory disturbances , arterial blood samples were analysed for pH ( a ) , PaO ( 2 ) , haematocrit and total CO ( 2 ) values at several time points .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma was used to determine urea , TMAO , lactate and ion concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "TMAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 96 h , Pb concentrations were determined in a number of tissues , such as gill , rectal gland , skin and liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further investigate ion and osmoregulation , Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase activities in gill and rectal gland were analysed as well as rates of ammonia and urea excretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we studied the energy reserves in muscle and liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pb strongly accumulated in gills and especially in skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower accumulation rates occurred in gut , kidney and rectal gland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clear disturbance in acid - base status was observed after one day of exposure indicating a transient period of hyperventilation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in pH ( a ) was temporary at 20 mu M , but persisted at 100 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 2 days , plasma Na and Cl concentrations were reduced compared to controls at 100 mu M Pb and urea excretion rates were elevated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pb caused impaired Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase activity in gills , but not in rectal gland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that spiny dogfish experienced relatively low ion - osmoregulatory and respiratory distress when exposed to lead , particularly when compared to effects of other metals such as silver .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These elasmobranchs appear to be able to minimize the disturbance and maintain physiological homeostasis during an acute Pb exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An omics based assessment of cadmium toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of cadmium were assessed in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Algae were exposed to concentrations of 0 , 8 . 1 or 114 . 8 mu M of cadmium and growth rates , gene transcription and metabolite profiles were examined after 48 and 72 h of exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In algae exposed to 8 . 1 mu M Cd , several genes were differentially transcribed after 48 h but no adverse growth related effects were detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transient effect on both gene transcription patterns and metabolite profiles could be discerned after 48 h of exposure but the majority of these changes disappeared after 72 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , all effects were more pronounced at the 114 . 8 mu M cadmium exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here growth was clearly reduced and transcription of a large number of genes involved in oxidative stress defense mechanisms was differentially increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolites involved in the glutathione synthesis pathway ( an important antioxidant defense ) were also affected but the effects of cadmium were found to be more pronounced at the transcript level than in the metabolome , suggesting that the former exhibits greater sensitivity toward cadmium exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Establishment of a robust hepatitis C virus replicon cell line over - expressing P - glycoprotein that facilitates analysis of P - gp drug transporter effects on inhibitor antiviral activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) is an active efflux pump affecting the pharmacokinetic ( PK ) profiles of drugs that are P - gp substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Caco - 2 bi - directional assay is widely used to identify drug - P - gp interactions in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For molecules exhibiting non - classical drug properties however , ambiguous results limit its use in lead optimization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to develop a robust cell - based assay system to directly measure the role of P - gp - driven efflux in reducing the potency of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) replication inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinblastine ( Vin ) was employed to select for a Vin - resistant HCV replicon ( 313 - 11 ) from the parental cell line ( 377 - 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Vin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "Vin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 313 - 11 cell line was > 50 - fold resistant to Vin and over - expressed P - gp , as determined by Western immunoblots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased expression of P - gp was mediated by up - regulation of the MDR1 transcript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced potency of different classes of HCV replication inhibitors in the 313 - 11 P - gp cell line was restored in the presence of known P - gp inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of the P - gp inhibitor , tariquidar , increased the uptake of a radiolabeled HCV replication inhibitor by 14 - fold in the 313 - 11 replicon cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "tariquidar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , a positive correlation was demonstrated between potency in the 313 - 11 replicon and the bi - directional Caco - 2 efflux ratio for a panel of HCV protease inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , a robust P - gp HCV replicon cell - based assay has been developed to measure the effect of the P - gp efflux pump on the potency of different classes of HCV replication inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system establishes a direct correlation between antiviral activity and the effect of P - gp efflux in a single cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multifunctional targets of dietary polyphenols in disease : a case for the chemokine network and energy metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic , non - acute inflammation is behind conditions that represent most of the disease burden in humans and is clearly linked to immune and metabolic mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The convergence of pathways involving the immune response , oxidative stress , increased circulating lipids and aberrant insulin signaling results in CCL2 - associated macrophage recruitment and altered energy metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CCL2 / CCR2 pathway and the energy sensor AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) are attractive therapeutic targets as a part of preventive management of disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several effects of polyphenols are useful in this scenario , including a reduction in the activities of cytokines and modulation of cellular metabolism through histone deacetylase inhibitors , AMPK activators , calorie - restriction mimetics or epigenetic regulators .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research is currently underway to develop orally active drugs with these effects , but it is convenient to examine more closely what we are eating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If a lack of relevance in terms of toxicity and substantial effectiveness are confirmed , plant - derived components may provide useful druggable components and dietary supplements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We consider therapeutic actions as a combination of synergistic and / or antagonistic interactions in a multi - target strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , improvement in food through enrichment with polyphenols with demonstrated activity may represent a major advance in the design of diets with both industrial and sanitary value .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in organic and conventional pasta collected in Spain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the main sources of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in human nutrition is the cereals and cereal products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , an analytical method to determine enniatins A , A1 , B and B1 ( ENs ) , beauvericin ( BEA ) and fusaproliferin ( FUS ) based on Ultra - Turrax extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector ( MS / MS QqQ ) , was applied for the analysis of pasta .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins A , A1 , B and B1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 77]}, {"entity": "beauvericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "BEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "fusaproliferin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "FUS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , 114 commercial samples of pasta were acquired from supermarkets located in Valencia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed higher frequencies of contamination in organic pasta than in conventional pasta , while the concentration levels were variable for both types of pasta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In positive samples , BEA levels varied from 0 . 10 to 20 . 96 mu g / kg and FUS levels varied from 0 . 05 to 8 . 02 mu g / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "BEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "FUS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ENs levels ranged from 0 . 25 to 979 . 56 mu g / kg , though the majority of the values were below 25 mu g / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , it was observed the simultaneous presence of two or more mycotoxins in a high percentage of the samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , an evaluation of the dietary exposure of the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins was performed in the Spanish population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of ENs , BEA and FUS in cereal products suggests that the toxins may pose a health risk to Spanish population .", "entity": [{"entity": "BEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "FUS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - based design and synthesis of novel pseudosaccharine derivatives as antiproliferative agents and kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pseudosaccharine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is concerned with the implementation of structure - based techniques for the design of new heterocyclic compounds based on pseudosaccharine scaffold with protein kinase inhibition activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "pseudosaccharine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This nucleus was exploited based on the well - known quinazoline core and its interactions with several protein kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two series of compounds employing this new scaffold were synthesized and evaluated at enzymatic and cellular levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 9b displayed broad spectrum antiproliferative activity on NCI 60 - cell lines panel with mean GI50 of 5 . 4 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of the molecular mechanism showed probable inhibitory activity against Src kinase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Giant cell tumor of bone : a basic science perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehending the pathogenesis of giant cell tumor of bone ( GCT ) is of critical importance for developing novel targeted treatments for this locally - aggressive primary bone tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GCT is characterized by the presence of large multinucleated osteoclast - like giant cells distributed amongst mononuclear spindle - like stromal cells and other monocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The giant cells are principally responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the spindle - like stromal cells chiefly direct the pathology of the tumor by recruiting monocytes and promoting their fusion into giant cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stromal cells also enhance the resorptive ability of the giant cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review encompasses many of the attributes of GCT , including the process of giant cell formation and the mechanisms of bone resorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of the receptor activator of nuclear factor - kappa B ligand ( RANKL ) in the development of GCT and the importance of proteases , including numerous matrix metalloproteinases , are highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mesenchymal lineage of the stromal cells and the origin of the hematopoietic monocytes are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several aspects of GCT that require further understanding , including the etiology of the tumor , the mechanisms of metastases , and the development of an appropriate animal model , are also considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By exploring the current status of GCT research , this review accentuates the significant progress made in understanding the biology of the tumor , and discusses important areas for future investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCTC 2544 and IL - 18 production : a tool for the identification of contact allergens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress in understanding the mechanisms of skin sensitization , provides us with the opportunity to develop in vitro tests as an alternative to in vivo sensitization testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keratinocytes play a key role in all phases of skin sensitization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently identified interleukin - 18 ( IL - 18 ) production in keratinocyte as a potentially useful endpoint for determination of contact sensitization potential of low molecular weight chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present article is to further exploit the performance of the NCTC 2544 assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCTC 2544 is a commercially available skin epithelial - like cell line originating from normal human skin , which posses a good expression of cytochrome P450 - dependent enzymatic activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were exposed to contact allergens ( 2 - bromo - 2 - bromomethyl glutaronitrile , cinnamaldehyde , citral , diethylmaleate , dinitrochlorobenzene , glyoxal , 2 - mercaptobenzothiazole , nickel sulfate , 4 - nitrobenzylbromide , oxazolone , penicillin G , resorcinol , tetramethylthiuram disulfide ) , to pre - pro - haptens ( cinnamyl alcohol , eugenol , isoeugenol , p - phenylediamine ) , to respiratory allergens ( ammonium hexachloroplatinate , diphenylmethane diisocyanate , glutaraldehyde , hexamethylenediisocyanate , maleic anhydride , trimellitic anhydride ) and to irritants ( benzaldehyde , cholorobenzene , diethylphtalate , hydrobenzoic acid , lactic acid , octanoic acid , phenol , salicylic acid , sodium lauryl sulphate , sulfamic acid ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - bromo - 2 - bromomethyl glutaronitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 84]}, {"entity": "cinnamaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "citral", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "diethylmaleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "dinitrochlorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "glyoxal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "2 - mercaptobenzothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 188]}, {"entity": "nickel sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 205]}, {"entity": "4 - nitrobenzylbromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 230]}, {"entity": "oxazolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 242]}, {"entity": "penicillin G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 257]}, {"entity": "resorcinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 270]}, {"entity": "tetramethylthiuram disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 301]}, {"entity": "cinnamyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 347]}, {"entity": "eugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 357]}, {"entity": "isoeugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 370]}, {"entity": "p - phenylediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [373, 391]}, {"entity": "ammonium hexachloroplatinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [423, 451]}, {"entity": "diphenylmethane diisocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [454, 482]}, {"entity": "glutaraldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [485, 499]}, {"entity": "hexamethylenediisocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [502, 527]}, {"entity": "maleic anhydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [530, 546]}, {"entity": "trimellitic anhydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [549, 570]}, {"entity": "benzaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [592, 604]}, {"entity": "cholorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [607, 621]}, {"entity": "diethylphtalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [624, 639]}, {"entity": "hydrobenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [642, 659]}, {"entity": "lactic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [662, 673]}, {"entity": "octanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [676, 689]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [692, 698]}, {"entity": "salicylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [701, 715]}, {"entity": "sodium lauryl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [718, 740]}, {"entity": "sulfamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [743, 756]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell associated IL - 18 was evaluated 24 later by ELISA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At not - cytotoxic concentrations ( cell viability higher of 80 % , as assessed by MTT reduction assay ) , all contact sensitizers , including pre - pro - haptens , induced a dose - related increase in IL - 18 , whereas both irritants , with the exception of sulfamic acid , and respiratory allergens failed .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "sulfamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 33 chemicals were tested , with an overall accuracy of 97 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , results obtained indicated that cell - associated IL - 18 might provide an in vitro tool for identification and discrimination of contact vs . respiratory allergens and / or irritants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the acquired knowledge and implementation of the Sens - it - iv toolbox for identification and classification of skin and respiratory sensitizers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of the Sens - it - iv project to the reduction and replacement of animal experimentation is 3 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The funding of basic research has expanded the existing scientific knowledge thereby strengthening the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving skin and respiratory sensitization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples are given on how a better understanding was used to improve existing test concepts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This knowledge was also applied to develop novel test systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While some of test systems did not reach sufficient maturity for being considered for pre - validation others did and entered into the Sens - it - iv toolbox .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the process , developments outside the Sens - it - iv orbit were carefully followed and assessed in order to avoid duplication and to assure synergy between the ongoing activities ( e . g . Cosmetics Europe Task Force for Sensitization ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tests from the Sens - it - iv toolbox were submitted to the European Reference Laboratory for Alternative Methods ( EuRL - ECVAM ) to initiate the rigid procedures for regulatory acceptance by national and international authorities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of not being validated yet , selected tests were already applied in a weight - of - evidence approach in the context of REACH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , several chemical , pharmaceutical , cosmetic and consumer product companies are currently assessing selected tests and testing strategies for their value as tools for screening and hazard identification using in house compounds and mixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main points of concern related to transfer to and implementation by industry were cost , through - put and applicability domain , rather than regulatory acceptance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These issues are currently addressed in applied research projects which are financially supported by individual companies , or consortia of companies , representing the various industry sectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assay of vtg , ERs and PPARs as endpoint for the rapid in vitro screening of the harmful effect of Di - ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) - phthalate ( DEHP ) and phthalic acid ( PA ) in zebrafish primary hepatocyte cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Di - ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) - phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 134]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "phthalic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last years the concern about the negative effects of phthalates on reproduction significantly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering that , at date data available dealing with the adverse outcome of Di - ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) - phthalate ( DEHP ) on the reproduction of several species are still contrasting , in this study , the effects induced by DEHP ( 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , 1 , 10 and 100 nM ) and its active metabolite , phthalic acid ( PA ) ( 0 . 01 , 0 . 1 , 1 and 10 mu M ) , were analyzed in zebrafish , Danio rerio , primary hepatocyte cultures , using target molecules involved in fish reproduction ( vitellogenin - - vtg and estrogen receptors - - ER alpha , beta 1 and beta 2 ) and metabolism ( peroxisome proliferators activated receptors - - PPAR alpha , beta , gamma ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Di - ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) - phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 113]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 229]}, {"entity": "phthalic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 310]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [508, 516]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of in vitro culture , in fact , has the potential to significantly reduce the number of animals sacrificed for research allowing a precise control of the physical and chemical parameters that is often not possible in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , since many toxicological studies revealed a sex specific response to toxicants , male and female primary hepatocyte cultures were set up to elucidate the possible gender specific effects of two common environmental phthalates .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase of vtg levels observed in the culture media of male or female hepatocytes strongly evidenced the phthalates E2 - like action .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the data obtained suggested that the observed different ERs isoforms modulation is otherwise associated with the vtg increase , depending on fish gender .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding PPARs , a similar trend of expression was found in both males and females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study enforces the role of vtg as biomarker for evaluate the presence of environmental doses of DEHP and PA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the similar gender modulation observed for vtg and PPARs , these molecules could be used for the rapid screening of the presence of DEHP and PA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noteworthy the gender specific modulation observed for ERs opens a debate on the estrogenic mechanism of action of DEHP and PA and their role on vtg induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of EGF / EGFR activation with naphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] furan - 4 , 5 - dione blocks migration and invasion of MDA - MB - 231 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] furan - 4 , 5 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] furan - 4 , 5 - dione ( NFD ) , a bioactive component of Avicennia marina , has been demonstrated to display anti - cancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] furan - 4 , 5 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 43]}, {"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) - induced signaling pathway has been correlated with cancer metastasis in various tumors , including breast carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We use EGF as a metastatic inducer of MDA - MB - 231 cells to investigate the effect of NFD on cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFD suppressed EGF - mediated protein levels of c - Jun and c - Fos , and reduced MMP - 9 expression and activity , concomitantly with a marked inhibition on cell migration and invasion without obvious cellular cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NFD abrogated EGF - induced phosphorylation of EGF receptor ( EGFR ) and phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific PI3K inhibitor , wortmannin , blocked significantly EGF - induced cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 inhibited EGF - induced MMP - 9 expression , cell migration and invasion , as well as the activation of PI3K / Akt , suggesting that PI3K / Akt activation occur downstream of EGFR activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG1478", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that NFD inhibited the EGF - induced invasion and migration of MDA - MB - 231 cells via EGFR - dependent PI3K / Akt signaling , leading to the down - regulation of MMP - 9 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide a novel mechanism to explain the role of NFD as a potent anti - metastatic agent in MDA - MB - 231 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NFD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin D and vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin D is an important regulator of bone health .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and osteoporotic fractures have reported conflicting results .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between vitamin D status and risk of vertebral fractures in diabetic patients is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to examine whether low serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] levels were associated with vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 82]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cross - sectional study was conducted among 161 postmenopausal women and 180 men with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum concentrations of 25 ( OH ) D were measured and the presence of vertebral fracture was assessed using lateral plain radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women had lower 25 ( OH ) D levels than men ( 31 . 3 +/- 17 . 7 vs . 41 . 3 +/- 26 . 5 ng / mL , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertebral fractures were found in 16 % of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men with a serum 25 ( OH ) D concentration greater than 30 ng / mL showed a lower prevalence of vertebral fractures compared to those with 20 - 29 . 9 ng / mL or those with less than 20 ng / mL ( 9 . 4 % vs . 17 . 9 % vs . 21 . 7 % , p for trend = 0 . 036 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there was no significant association between vitamin D status and the prevalence of vertebral fractures in women ( 14 . 4 % vs . 19 . 2 % vs . 26 . 6 % , p for trend = 0 . 111 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adjusting for multiple confounding factors , men with a serum 25 ( OH ) D concentration of less than 20 ng / mL were associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures ( OR 7 . 87 ; 95 % CI 1 . 69 - 36 . 71 ) , but not women .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , serum 25 ( OH ) D levels below 20 ng / mL were associated with an increased vertebral fracture risk in men with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiral and chemical oscillations in a simple dimerization model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We consider the APED model ( activation - polymerization - epimerization - depolymerization ) for describing the emergence of chiral solutions within a non - catalytic framework for chiral polymerization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minimal APED model for dimerization can lead to the spontaneous appearance of chiral oscillations and we describe in detail the nature of these oscillations in the enantiomeric excess , which are the consequence of oscillations of the concentrations of the associated chemical species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ketamine - induced neuronal damage and altered N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor function in rat primary forebrain culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ketamine , a noncompetitive N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , is frequently used in pediatric general anesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulating evidence from animal experiments has demonstrated that ketamine causes neuronal cell death during the brain growth spurt .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with ketamine - induced neuronal toxicity and search for approaches or agents to prevent ketamine ' s adverse effects on the developing brain , a primary nerve cell culture system was utilized .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurons harvested from the forebrain of newborn rats were maintained under normal control conditions or exposed to either ketamine ( 10 micro M ) or ketamine plus L - carnitine ( an antioxidant ; 1 - 100 micro M ) for 24h , followed by a 24 - h withdrawal period .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "L - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ketamine exposure resulted in elevated NMDA receptor ( NR1 ) expression , increased generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) as indicated by higher levels of 8 - oxoguanine production , and enhanced neuronal damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of L - carnitine significantly diminished ROS generation and provided near complete protection of neurons from ketamine - induced cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptors regulate channels that are highly permeable to calcium , and calcium imaging data demonstrated that neurons exposed to ketamine had a significantly elevated amplitude of calcium influx and higher intracellular free calcium concentrations ( [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] i ) evoked by NMDA ( 50 micro M ) , compared with control neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 192]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 267]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that prolonged ketamine exposure produces an increase in NMDA receptor expression ( compensatory upregulation ) , which allows for a higher / toxic influx of calcium into neurons once ketamine is removed from the system , leading to elevated ROS generation and neuronal cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L - Carnitine appears to be a promising agent in preventing or reversing ketamine ' s toxic effects on neurons at an early developmental stage .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - Carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resonance Raman spectral imaging of intracellular uptake of beta - carotene loaded poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide ) nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has been drawing considerable attention in pharmaceutical research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With increasing diversity and potential of various carrier systems , it is important to study the impact of nanocarriers on sub - cellular metabolic processes and organelles , since the delivery of a drug usually involves intra - cellular internalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we employ Raman microscopy as a non - invasive method for cellular and sub - cellular imaging , to monitor the uptake and translocation patterns of particles based on poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide ) over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( D , L - lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the technique detects inherent signals from the molecules of interest , it does not rely on external labels or dyes , which is an advantage over fluorescence labeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , the particles were loaded with beta - carotene .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conjugated pi - system of the molecule has a large Raman scattering cross - section and gives rise to resonance Raman effects , which can enhance the sensitivity by orders of magnitude .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Carotene as a provitamin is not soluble in water and is thus usually of low bioavailability , which is enhanced by encapsulation into the nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "kainate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kainate receptors ( KARs ) , a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors , are widely expressed in the central nervous system and are critically involved in synaptic transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kainate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KAR activation is influenced by metabotropic glutamate receptor ( mGlu ) signaling , but the underlying mechanisms are not understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We undertook studies to examine how mGlu modulation affects activation of KARs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal immunohistochemistry of rat hippocampus and cultured rat cortex revealed colocalization of the high - affinity KAR subunits with group I mGlu receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In hippocampal and cortical cultures , the calcium signal caused by activation of native KARs was potentiated by activation of group I mGlu receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Xenopus laevis oocytes , activation of group I mGlu receptors potentiated heteromeric but not homomeric KAR - mediated currents , with no change in agonist potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potentiation of heteromeric KARs by mGlu1 activation was attenuated by GDP beta S , blocked by an inhibitor of phospholipase C or the calcium chelator 1 , 2 - bis ( o - aminophenoxy ) ethane - N , N , N ' , N ' - tetraacetic acid ( BAPTA ) , prolonged by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid , but unaffected by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - bis ( o - aminophenoxy ) ethane - N , N , N ' , N ' - tetraacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 233]}, {"entity": "BAPTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 241]}, {"entity": "okadaic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 297]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [322, 330]}, {"entity": "lavendustin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase C ( PKC ) inhibition reduced the potentiation by mGlu1 of GluK2 / GluK5 , and conversely , direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12 - myristate , 13 - acetate potentiated GluK2 / GluK5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phorbol 12 - myristate , 13 - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using site - directed mutagenesis , we identified three serines ( Ser833 , Ser836 , and Ser840 ) within the membrane proximal region of the GluK5 C - terminal domain that , in combination , are required for mGlu1 - mediated potentiation of KARs .", "entity": [{"entity": "serines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "Ser833", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Ser836", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Ser840", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data suggest that phosphorylation of key residues in the C - terminal domain changes the overall charge of this domain , resulting in potentiated agonist responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Adrenergic agonists mediate enhancement of beta 1 - adrenergic receptor N - terminal cleavage and stabilization in vivo and in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beta ( 1 ) - adrenergic receptor ( beta ( 1 ) AR ) is the predominant beta AR in the heart and is the main target for beta - adrenergic antagonists , widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we have shown that the human ( h ) beta ( 1 ) AR is cleaved in its N terminus by a metalloproteinase , both constitutively and in a receptor activation - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the specific events involved in beta ( 1 ) AR regulation , focusing on the effects of long - term treatment with beta - adrenergic ligands on receptor processing in stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293 ( i ) cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key findings were verified using the transiently transfected h beta ( 1 ) AR and the endogenously expressed receptor in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using flow cytometry and Western blotting , we demonstrated that isoproterenol , S - propranolol , CGP - 12177 [ 4 - [ 3 - [ ( 1 , 1 - dimethylethyl ) amino ] 2 - hydroxypropoxy ] - 1 , 3 - dihydro - 2H - benzimidazol - 2 - one ] , pindolol , and timolol , which displayed agonistic properties toward the beta ( 1 ) AR in either the adenylyl cyclase or the mitogen - activated protein kinase signaling pathways , induced cleavage of the mature cell - surface receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "S - propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "CGP - 12177", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "4 - [ 3 - [ ( 1 , 1 - dimethylethyl ) amino ] 2 - hydroxypropoxy ] - 1 , 3 - dihydro - 2H - benzimidazol - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 230]}, {"entity": "pindolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 243]}, {"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 257]}, {"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [336, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , metoprolol , bisoprolol , and CGP - 20712 [ 1 - [ 2 - ( ( 3 - carbamoyl - 4 - hydroxy ) phenoxy ) ethylamino ] - 3 - [ 4 - ( 1 - methyl - 4 - trifluoromethyl - 2 - imidazolyl ) phenoxy ] - 2 - propanol ] , which showed no agonistic activity , had only a marginal or no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "bisoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "CGP - 20712", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "1 - [ 2 - ( ( 3 - carbamoyl - 4 - hydroxy ) phenoxy ) ethylamino ] - 3 - [ 4 - ( 1 - methyl - 4 - trifluoromethyl - 2 - imidazolyl ) phenoxy ] - 2 - propanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the agonists also stabilized intracellular receptor precursors , possibly via their pharmacological chaperone action , and they stabilized the receptor in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opposing effects on the two receptor forms thus led to an increase in the amount of cleaved receptor fragments at the plasma membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results underscore the pluridimensionality of beta - adrenergic ligands and extend this property from receptor activation and signaling to the regulation of beta ( 1 ) AR levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon may contribute to the exceptional resistance of beta ( 1 ) ARs to downregulation and tendency toward upregulation following long - term ligand treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biarylpyrazole compound AM251 alters mitochondrial physiology via proteolytic degradation of ERR alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "biarylpyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen - related receptor alpha ( ERR alpha ) directs the transcription of nuclear genes involved in energy homeostasis control and the regulation of mitochondrial mass and function .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crucial role for controlling ERR alpha - mediated target gene expression has been ascribed to the biarylpyrazole compound 1 - ( 2 , 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( 4 - iodophenyl ) - 4 - methyl - N - 1 - piperidinyl - 1H - pyrazole - 3 - carboxamide ( AM251 ) through direct binding to and destabilization of ERR alpha protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "biarylpyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "1 - ( 2 , 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( 4 - iodophenyl ) - 4 - methyl - N - 1 - piperidinyl - 1H - pyrazole - 3 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 248]}, {"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we provide evidence that structurally related AM251 analogs also have negative impacts on ERR alpha protein levels in a cell - type - dependent manner while having no deleterious actions on ERR gamma .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that these off - target cellular effects of AM251 are mediated by proteasomal degradation of nuclear ERR alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B did not prevent AM251 - induced destabilization of ERR alpha protein , whereas proteasome inhibition with MG132 stabilized and maintained its DNA - binding function , indicative of ERR alpha being a target of nuclear proteasomal complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "leptomycin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NativePAGE analysis revealed that ERR alpha formed a ~ 220 - kDa multiprotein nuclear complex that was devoid of ERR gamma and the coregulator peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma coactivator - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AM251 induced SUMO - 2 , 3 incorporation in ERR alpha in conjunction with increased protein kinase C activity , whose activation by phorbol ester also promoted ERR alpha protein loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down - regulation of ERR alpha by AM251 or small interfering RNA led to increased mitochondria biogenesis while negatively impacting mitochondrial membrane potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which AM251 and related compounds alter mitochondrial physiology through destabilization of ERR alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin directly inhibits ghrelin secretion through AMP - activated protein kinase in rat primary gastric cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidiabetic drug Metformin causes weight loss in both diabetic and non - diabetic individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin treatment is also associated with lower circulating levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test whether Metformin directly affects ghrelin cells , rat primary stomach cells were treated with Metformin and the levels of ghrelin secretion , proghrelin gene expression and activation of adenosine monophosphate - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "adenosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin significantly reduced ghrelin secretion and proghrelin mRNA production and both these effects were blocked by co - incubation with the AMPK inhibitor compound C .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "compound C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the AMPK activator 5 - amino - 1 - beta - D - ribofuranosyl - imidazole - 4 - carboxamide ( AICAR ) significantly inhibited ghrelin secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - amino - 1 - beta - D - ribofuranosyl - imidazole - 4 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 103]}, {"entity": "AICAR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , ghrelin cells were shown to express AMPK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , Metformin treatment caused a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated ( active ) AMPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that Metformin directly inhibits stomach ghrelin production and secretion through AMPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reduction in ghrelin secretion may be one of the key components in Metformin ' s mechanism of weight loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hybrid method employing breakdown anodization and electrophoretic deposition for superhydrophilic surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fabrication method is developed for superhydrophilic surfaces with high capillary pressure and fast spreading speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabrication method consists of electrophoretic deposition ( EPD ) and breakdown anodization ( BDA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanopores and micropores were produced on titanium plates by EPD and BDA , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In EPD , TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles were used to enhance the surface energy and create nanoporous structures , while BDA was employed to produce microporous structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capillary rise measurements ( CRM ) were utilized to characterize superhydrophilic surfaces in terms of capillary pressure and spreading speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From CRM , it was revealed that microporous structures play a dominant role in determining transport properties , and nanoporous structures affect local wettability without significantly reducing spreading speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining BDA and EPD into a hybrid method , dual - scale ( nano and micro ) porous structures were produced on titanium plates .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methods presented offer the potential to vary the transport characteristics of superhydrophilic surfaces by altering the nanoscale and microscale features independently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an example , surfaces with unconventional capillary flows were produced by the hybrid method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method provides additional opportunities to investigate wetting phenomena while offering a potentially low cost process for industrial applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic approaches in Drosophila for the study neurodevelopmental disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the premier genetic model organisms used in biomedical research today owing to the extraordinary power of its genetic tool - kit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Made famous by numerous seminal discoveries of basic developmental mechanisms and behavioral genetics , the power of fruit fly genetics is becoming increasingly applied to questions directly relevant to human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we discuss how Drosophila research is applied to address major questions in neurodevelopmental disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Voluntary exercise does not ameliorate spatial learning and memory deficits induced by chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "nandrolone decanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic exposure to the anabolic androgenic steroids ( AAS ) nandrolone decanoate ( ND ) in supra - physiological doses is associated with learning and memory impairments .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "nandrolone decanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the well - known beneficial effects of voluntary exercise on cognitive functions , we examined whether voluntary exercise would improve the cognitive deficits induced by chronic administration of ND .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also investigated the effects of ND and voluntary exercise on hippocampal BDNF levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats were randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups : the vehicle - sedentary group , the ND - sedentary group , the vehicle - exercise group , and the ND - exercise group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vehicle - exercise and the ND - exercise groups were allowed to freely exercise in a running wheel for 15 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vehicle - sedentary and the ND - sedentary groups were kept sedentary for the same period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vehicle or ND injections were started 14 days prior to the voluntary exercise and continued throughout the 15 days of voluntary exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the 15 - day period , the rats were trained and tested on a water maze spatial task using four trials per day for 5 consecutive days followed by a probe trial two days later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exercise significantly improved performance during both the training and retention of the water maze task , and enhanced hippocampal BDNF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ND impaired spatial learning and memory , and this effect was not rescued by exercise .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ND also potentiated the exercise - induced increase in hippocampal BDNF levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results seem to indicate that voluntary exercise is unable to improve the disruption of cognitive functions by chronic ND .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , increased levels of BDNF may play a role in ND - induced impairments in learning and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The harmful effects of ND and other AAS on learning and memory should be taken into account when athletes decide to use AAS for performance or body image improvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosiglitazone disrupts endosteal bone formation during distraction osteogenesis by local adipocytic infiltration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosiglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosiglitazone ( Rosi ) is a drug in the thiazolidinedione class for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) , which binds and activates PPAR gamma nuclear receptor in fat cells , sensitizing them to insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosiglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "thiazolidinedione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite proven antidiabetic efficacy , Rosi therapy may be associated with trabecular bone loss and an increased risk of fractures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the potential side effects of Rosi treatment on bone formation , we delivered Rosi to mice using a combined model of distraction osteogenesis ( DO ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DO provides a unique method to isolate the sequence of intramembranous bone formation , an important component of both fracture healing and bone homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups of n = 6 mice were used to compare the effects of Rosi on bone formation and cellular composition in both diabetic ( Avy / a strain ) and non - diabetic mice ( a / a strain ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New bone formation was examined by high resolution radiographs , micro - computed tomography , and histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precursor cells in the distraction gap were quantitated using immunohistochemical stains for proliferating cell nuclear antigen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Committed osteoblasts and adipocytes in the gap were identified and quantitated by immunostaining for osteocalcin and FABP4 / aP2 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diabetic model developed obesity , hyperglycemia , hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance , while the control littermates remained lean , normoglycemic and insulin sensitive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosi treatment decreased levels of non - fasted glucose and insulin and improved insulin sensitivity in the A ( vy ) / a mice , but had no effect in a / a mice , indicating antidiabetic efficacy of Rosi at the tested dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the diabetic , obese mice having twice the number of fat cells in their marrow than the non - diabetic mice , bone formation using DO was not adversely affected by the diabetes itself .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Rosi treatment significantly diminished intramembranous endosteal bone formation , while increasing adipogenesis in and adjacent to the distraction gap up to 3 . 5 - to 3 . 8 - fold in both diabetic and non - diabetic models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosi", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was independent of the anti - diabetic therapeutic response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results raise the question of whether osteoblast precursors are inhibited in their development or actually converted to adipocytic phenotypes , possibly via marrow fat PPAR gamma nuclear receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological management of ocular hypertension : current approaches and future prospective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated eye pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma , and intraocular pressure rises when the balance between aqueous humor formation and outflow resistance is compromised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a normal eye there is a precise tune of aqueous outflow under the fine control of ciliary body and trabecular meshwork .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current pharmacological therapies for lowering the intraocular pressure in glaucoma include increasing aqueous humor outflow and suppression of aqueous humor production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , most of antiglaucoma drugs currently on the market do not target the trabecular meshwork that represents the site of the pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on pharmacological management of ocular hypertension with a particular attention to the future pharmacotherapy scenario .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate ( PFOS ) affects hormone receptor activity , steroidogenesis , and expression of endocrine - related genes in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate ( PFOS ) is a widespread and persistent chemical in the environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the endocrine - disrupting effects of PFOS using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reporter gene assays were used to detect receptor - mediated ( anti - ) estrogenic , ( anti - ) androgenic , and ( anti - ) thyroid hormone activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of PFOS on steroidogenesis was assessed both at hormone levels in the supernatant and at expression levels of hormone - induced genes in the H295R cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A zebrafish - based short - term screening method was developed to detect the effect of PFOS on endocrine function in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that PFOS can act as an estrogen receptor agonist and thyroid hormone receptor antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to PFOS decreased supernatant testosterone ( T ) , increased estradiol ( E2 ) concentrations in H295R cell medium and altered the expression of several genes involved in steroidogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , PFOS increased early thyroid development gene ( hhex and pax8 ) expression in a concentration - dependent manner , decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene ( CYP17 , CYP19a , CYP19b ) expression , and changed the expression pattern of estrogen receptor production genes ( esr1 , esr2b ) after 500 micro g / L PFOS treatment in zebrafish embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 252]}, {"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that PFOS has the ability to act as an endocrine disruptor both in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the function of nuclear hormone receptors , interfering with steroidogenesis , and altering the expression of endocrine - related genes in zebrafish embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state nanopore detection of protein complexes : applications in healthcare and protein kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein conjugation provides a unique look into many biological phenomena and has been used for decades for molecular recognition purposes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the use of solid - state nanopores for the detection of gp120 - associated complexes are investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They exhibit monovalent and multivalent binding to anti - gp120 antibody monomer and dimers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate the feasibility of many practical applications related to nanopores , detection of specific protein complexes is attempted within a heterogeneous protein sample , and the role of voltage on complexed proteins is researched .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the electric field within the pore can result in unbinding of a freely translocating protein complex within the transient event durations measured experimentally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strong dependence of the unbinding time with voltage can be used to improve the detection capability of the nanopore system by adding an additional level of specificity that can be probed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide a strong framework for future protein - specific detection schemes , which are shown to be feasible in the realm of a ' real - world ' sample and an automated multidimensional method of detecting events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multicenter precision of cortical and trabecular bone quality measures assessed by high - resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( HR - pQCT ) has recently been introduced as a clinical research tool for in vivo assessment of bone quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utility of this technology to address important skeletal health questions requires translation to standardized multicenter data pools .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of pooling data in multicenter HR - pQCT imaging trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reproducibility imaging experiments were performed using structure and composition - realistic phantoms constructed from cadaveric radii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - center precision was determined by repeat scanning over short - term ( < 72 hours ) , intermediate - term ( 3 - 5 months ) , and long - term intervals ( 28 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multicenter precision was determined by imaging the phantoms at nine different HR - pQCT centers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Least significant change ( LSC ) and root mean squared coefficient of variation ( RMSCV ) for each interval and across centers was calculated for bone density , geometry , microstructure , and biomechanical parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - center short - term RMSCVs were < 1 % for all parameters except cortical thickness ( Ct . Th ) ( 1 . 1 % ) , spatial variability in cortical thickness ( Ct . Th . SD ) ( 2 . 6 % ) , standard deviation of trabecular separation ( Tb . Sp . SD ) ( 1 . 8 % ) , and porosity measures ( 6 % to 8 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intermediate - term RMSCVs were generally not statistically different from short - term values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term variability was significantly greater for all density measures ( 0 . 7 % to 2 . 0 % ; p < 0 . 05 versus short - term ) and several structure measures : cortical thickness ( Ct . Th ) ( 3 . 4 % ; p < 0 . 01 versus short - term ) , cortical porosity ( Ct . Po ) ( 15 . 4 % ; p < 0 . 01 versus short - term ) , and trabecular thickness ( Tb . Th ) ( 2 . 2 % ; p < 0 . 01 versus short - term ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multicenter RMSCVs were also significantly higher than short - term values : 2 % to 4 % for density and micro - finite element analysis ( micro FE ) measures ( p < 0 . 0001 ) , 2 . 6 % to 5 . 3 % for morphometric measures ( p < 0 . 001 ) , whereas Ct . Po was 16 . 2 % ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of subject motion , multicenter precision errors for HR - pQCT parameters were generally less than 5 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phantom - based multicenter precision was comparable to previously reported in in vivo single - center precision errors , although this was approximately two to five times worse than ex vivo short - term precision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data generated from this study will contribute to the future design and validation of standardized procedures that are broadly translatable to multicenter study designs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [ ( 14 ) C ] anagliptin , a novel dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 inhibitor , in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . The disposition of anagliptin , an orally active , highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 inhibitor , was investigated after a single oral dose of 100 mg / 1 . 92 MBq [ ( 14 ) C ] anagliptin to six healthy men .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost all the dose ( 98 . 2 % ) was recovered within 168 h : 73 . 2 % in urine and 25 . 0 % in faeces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . Anagliptin was rapidly absorbed , with peak plasma concentrations of unchanged drug attained at a mean time of 1 . 8 - h postdose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean fraction of the dose absorbed was > 73 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unchanged drug and a carboxylate metabolite ( M1 ) were the major components in plasma , accounting for 66 . 0 and 23 . 4 % of total plasma radioactivity area under the curve , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . Anagliptin was incompletely metabolized , with about 50 % dose eliminated as unchanged drug ( 46 . 6 % in urine and 4 . 1 % in faeces ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism to M1 accounted for 29 . 2 % of the dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other metabolite accounted for > 1 % dose in excreta or yielded measurable systemic exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terminal half - life of anagliptin and M1 was 4 . 37 and 9 . 88 h , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal clearance of unbound anagliptin and unbound M1 far exceeded glomerular filtration rate , indicating active renal elimination : that might reflect the fact that anagliptin may be a substrate of OAT1 , OAT3 , MDR1 and MRP2 , and M1 a substrate of OAT3 , BCRP , MRP2 and MRP4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substrate effect on the plasmonic sensing ability of hollow nanoparticles of different shapes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold hollow nanospheres ( AuHSs ) and gold hollow nanocubes ( AuHCs ) were synthesized by the galvanic replacement technique using silver nano templates .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colloidal AuHSs are found to have a higher sensitivity factor than that of AuHCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This value decreases for both shapes when the nanoparticles are assembled on a quartz substrate by using the Langmuir - Blodgett technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AuHSs are observed to have the larger effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is observed that as the separation gap between AuHCs nanoparticles decreases , their localized surface plasmon resonance band red shifts more than AuHSs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is accounted for by the discrete dipole approximation ( DDA ) calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coupling between the plasmon fields of the AuHCs pair is stronger than that between AuHSs pair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the DDA calculation , this is found to be due to geometric factors , as well as to the difference in the plasmonic field intensity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calculation also showed that the plasmon field distributions of both AuHCs and AuHSs were distorted by the quartz substrate in a different manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also observed that the surface - enhanced Raman spectrum of thiophenol is stronger when measured on AuHCs than on AuHSs .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is due to the difference in the plasmon field distribution as well as the fact that the AuHCs have a higher scattering / absorption yield ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noncanonical suppression of GH - dependent isoforms of cytochrome P450 by the somatostatin analog octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octreotide is a potent somatostatin analog therapeutically used to treat several conditions including hyper GH secretion in patients with acromegaly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We infused , over 30 s , octreotide into male rats every 12 h for 6 days at levels considerably greater than typical human therapeutic doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpectedly , resulting circulating GH profile was characterized by pulses of higher amplitudes , longer durations , and greater total content than normal , but still contained an otherwise male - like episodic secretory profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In apparent disaccord , the normally elevated masculine expression levels ( protein and / or mRNA ) of CYP2C11 ( accounting for > 50 % of the total hepatic cytochrome P450 content ) , CYP3A2 , CYP2C7 , and IGF1 , dependent on the episodic GH profile , were considerably downregulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We explain this contradiction by proposing that the requisite minimal GH - devoid interpulse durations in the masculine profile that solely regulate expression of at least CYP2C11 and IGF1 may be sufficiently reduced to suppress transcription of the hepatic genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , we observed that octreotide infusion may have acted directly on the hepatocytes to induce expression of immune response factors postulated to suppress CYP transcription and / or upregulate expression of several negative regulators ( e . g . phosphatases and SOCS proteins ) of the JAK2 / STAT5B signaling pathway that normally mediates the upregulation of CYP2C11 and IGF1 by the masculine episodic GH profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of alpha 7 positive allosteric modulators in murine inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agonists and positive allosteric modulators ( PAMs ) of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) are currently being considered as novel therapeutic approaches for managing cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though alpha 7 agonists were recently found to possess antinociceptive and anti - inflammatory properties in rodent models of chronic neuropathic pain and inflammation , the effects of alpha 7 nAChRs PAMs on chronic pain and inflammation remain largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated whether PAMs , by increasing endogenous cholinergic tone , potentiate alpha 7 nAChRs function to attenuate inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested two types of PAMS , type I ( NS1738 ) and type II ( PNU - 120596 ) in carrageenan - induced inflammatory pain and chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) neuropathic pain models .", "entity": [{"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that both NS1738 and PNU - 120596 significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia , while only PNU - 120596 significantly reduced edema caused by a hind paw infusion of carrageenan .", "entity": [{"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , PNU - 120596 reversed established thermal hyperalgesia and edema induced by carrageenan .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the CCI model , PNU - 120596 had long - lasting ( up to 6 h ) , dose - dependent anti - hyperalgesic and anti - allodynic effects after a single injection , while NS1738 was inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic administration of the alpha 7 nAChR antagonist MLA reversed PNU - 120596 ' s effects , suggesting the involvement of central and peripheral alpha 7 nAChRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , PNU - 120596 enhanced an ineffective dose of selective agonist PHA - 543613 to produce anti - allodynic effects in the CCI model .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "PHA - 543613", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that the type II alpha 7 nAChRs PAM PNU - 120596 , but not the type I alpha 7 nAChRs PAM NS1738 , shows significant anti - edematous and anti - allodynic effects in inflammatory and CCI pain models in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tandem inverse - electron - demand hetero - / retro - Diels - Alder reactions for aromatic nitrogen heterocycle synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The merged inverse - electron - demand hetero - Diels - Alder ( ihDA ) / retro - Diels - Alder ( rDA ) reaction sequence can be used to rapidly synthesise highly functionalised nitrogen heteroaromatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction offers many advantages : high atom economy , high levels of regioselectivity , it rarely requires a catalyst and , in some cases , can be performed in the absence of solvent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this tutorial review we discuss the range of commonly used dienophiles and aza - dienes for this process whilst highlighting the reactivity trends , and illustrating their applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "aza - dienes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of transgenic GFP reporter strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the patterns of stress responses induced by pesticides and by organic extracts from agricultural soils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a free - living nematode , C . elegans is exposed to various pesticides used in agriculture , as well as to persistent organic residues which may contaminate the soil for long periods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following on from our previous study of metal effects on 24 GFP - reporter strains representing four different stress - response pathways in C . elegans ( Anbalagan et al . Ecotoxicology 21 : 439 - 455 , 2012 ) , we now present parallel data on the responses of these same strains to several commonly used pesticides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these , like dichlorvos , induced multiple stress genes in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unusually , endosulfan induced only one gene ( cyp - 34A9 ) to very high levels ( 8 - 10 - fold ) even at the lowest test concentration , with a clear plateau at higher doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other pesticides , like diuron , did not alter reporter gene expression detectably even at the highest test concentration attainable , while others ( such as glyphosate ) did so only at very high concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "diuron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also used five responsive GFP reporters to investigate the toxicity of soil pore water from two agricultural sites in south - east Spain , designated P74 ( used for cauliflower production , but significantly metal contaminated ) and P73 ( used for growing lettuce , but with only background levels of metals ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both soil pore water samples induced all five test genes to varying extents , yet artificial mixtures containing all major metals present had essentially no effect on these same transgenes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble organic contaminants present in the pore water were extracted with acetone and dichloromethane , then after evaporation of the solvents , the organic residues were redissolved in ultrapure water to reconstitute the soluble organic components of the original soil pore water .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These organic extracts induced transgene expression at similar or higher levels than the original pore water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of the corresponding metal mixtures had either no effect , or reduced transgene expression towards the levels seen with soil pore water only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the main toxicants present in these soil pore water samples are organic rather than metallic in nature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic extracts from a control standard soil ( Lufa 2 . 2 ) had negligible effects on expression of these genes , and similarly several pesticides had little effect on the expression of a constitutive myo - 3 : : GFP transgene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the P73 and P74 sites have been treated regularly with ( undisclosed ) pesticides , as permitted under EU regulations , though other ( e . g . industrial ) organic residues may also be present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and renal involvement in primary aldosteronism : opening of a new era .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary aldosteronism ( PA ) is one of the commonest forms of curable hypertension , and use of the plasma aldosterone - to - renin ratio as a screening test has led to a more efficient identification of this condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both animal and human studies have indicated that PA is associated with a variety of cardiovascular and renal complications that reflect the capability of elevated aldosterone to induce tissue damage exceeding that induced by hypertension itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of the kidney in PA is highly relevant because structural renal damage is associated with less favorable outcome , both in terms of blood pressure response to treatment and possibility to develop progressive renal failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , early involvement of the kidney in PA is characterized by functional changes that are largely reversible with treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unilateral adrenalectomy or administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the current options for treating an aldosterone - producing adenoma or idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both treatments are effective in correcting hypertension and hypokalemia , and currently available information on their capability to prevent deterioration of renal function indicates that both surgery and medical treatment are of considerable value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune regulation toward immunomodulation for neuroprotection in glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the immune system functions to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis , accumulating risk factors , prolonged glial activation , and sustained release of pro - inflammatory mediators in glaucoma may lead to a failure in the regulation of stress - induced immune response , and innate immune cells , autoreactive T cells , autoantibodies , and excess complement attack may exhibit potent stimuli that harm retinal ganglion cell somas , axons , and synapses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of the cellular and molecular components of immune response pathways can provide immunomodulatory treatment strategies to attenuate neuroinflammation , protect neural tissue from collateral injury , and enhance endogenous recovery processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review highlights the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating neuroinflammation in glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bis ( 12 ) - hupyridone , a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor , protects against glutamate - induced neuronal excitotoxicity via activating alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor / phosphoinositide 3 - kinase / Akt cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bis ( 12 ) - hupyridone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bis ( 12 ) - hupyridone ( B12H ) , derived from the Chinese medicinal component huperzine A , was originally designed as a novel acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bis ( 12 ) - hupyridone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "huperzine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we report that B12H ( 24 - h pretreatment ) effectively blocked glutamate - induced neuronal excitotoxicity in cerebellar granule neurons ( CGNs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the huge discrepancy between the EC50 value and IC50 value of B12H , to protect against neuronal toxicity ( 0 . 09 mu M ) and to block the NMDA receptor ( 21 . 8 mu M ) respectively , suggests that the neuroprotection of B12H might be not primarily due to the blockade of the NMDA receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 235]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment by specific antagonists of alpha7 - nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( alpha 7nAChR ) , but not muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ( mAChR ) or alpha 4 beta 2nAChR , decreased the neuroprotection of B12H .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuroprotection of B12H could also be abolished by the pretreatment of specific PI3 - K inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , B12H restored the suppressed activation of the Akt pathway caused by glutamate as evidenced by the decreased expressions of pSer473 - Akt and pSer9 - GSK3 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "pSer473", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "pSer9", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these results suggest that B12H substantially protected CGNs against glutamate - induced neuronal excitotoxicity via activating alpha 7nAChR / PI3 - K / Akt cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "B12H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts6 and Ts2 from Tityus serrulatus venom induce inflammation by mechanisms dependent on lipid mediators and cytokine production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory mediators are thought to be involved in the systemic and local immune response induced by the Tityus serrulatus scorpion envenomation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New functional aspects of lipid mediators have recently been described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examine the unreported role of lipid mediators in cell recruitment to the peritoneal cavity after an injection with Ts2 or Ts6 toxins isolated from the T . serrulatus scorpion venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we demonstrate that following a single intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) injection of Ts2 or Ts6 ( 250 mu g / kg ) in mice , there was an induction of leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils observed at 4 , 24 , 48 and 96 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , total protein , leukotriene ( LT ) B ( 4 ) , prostaglandin ( PG ) E ( 2 ) and pro - inflammatory cytokine levels were increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukotriene ( LT ) B ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 53]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin ( PG ) E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed an increase of regulatory cytokines , including interleukin ( IL ) - 10 , after the Ts2 injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we observed that Ts2 or Ts6 injection in 5 - lipoxygenase ( LO ) deficient mice and in wild type ( WT ) 129sv mice pre - treated with LTs and PGs inhibitors ( MK - 886 and celecoxib , respectively ) a reduction the influx of leukocytes occurs in comparison to WT .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 886", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recruitment of these cells demonstrated a phenotype characteristic of neutrophils , macrophages , CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes expressing GR1 + , F4 / 80 + , CD3 + / CD4 + and CD3 + / CD8 + , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data demonstrate that Ts2 and Ts6 induce inflammation by mechanisms dependent on lipid mediators and cytokine production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts2 may play a regulatory role whereas Ts6 exhibits pro - inflammatory activity exclusively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol induces phase II enzymes via Nrf2 in human hepatocytes in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate whether xanthohumol may exert chemoprotective activity through the modulation of the nuclear factor erythroid - 2 - related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) pathway in immortalized normal THLE - 2 hepatocytes and a hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were incubated in the presence of xanthohumol and the activation of Nrf2 and expression of genes controlled by this transcription factor were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , p53 level was assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol increased the expression and led to the activation of Nrf2 in both cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in contrast to normal cells the expression of genes controlled by this transcription factor was not affected in HepG2 cells , except for GSTA and GSTP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol , beside the induction of GSTs and HO - 1 , significantly elevated NQO1 expression in concert with p53 level in normal hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation of Nrf2 pathway and subsequently phase II enzymes in concert with p53 induction in normal hepatocytes may account for the molecular mechanism of the chemopreventive activity of xanthohumol .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand its cytotoxicity towards HCC cells shown in this study indicates that it may also be considered as potentially chemotherapeutic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deriving an explicit hepatic clearance equation accounting for plasma protein binding and hepatocellular uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High throughput in vitro biochemical and cell - based assays have the promise to provide more mechanism - based assessments of the adverse effects of large numbers of chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most challenging hurdles for interpreting in vitro toxicity findings is the need for reverse dosimetry tools that estimate the exposures that will give concentrations in vivo similar to the active concentrations in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent experience using IVIVE approaches to estimate in vivo pharmacokinetics ( Wetmore et al . , 2012 ) identified the need to develop a hepatic clearance equation that explicitly accounted for a broader set of protein binding and membrane transport processes and did not depend on a well - mixed description of the liver compartment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we derive an explicit steady - state hepatic clearance equation that includes these factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the derivation , we provide simple computer code to calculate steady - state extraction for any combination of blood flow , membrane transport processes and plasma protein - chemical binding rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This expanded equation provides a tool to estimate hepatic clearance for a more diverse array of compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth differentiation factor 15 stimulates rapamycin - sensitive ovarian cancer cell growth and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets may improve survival rates for patients with ovarian cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , immunohistochemical ( IHC ) analysis of two human ovarian tumor tissue arrays showed high staining for GDF15 in a majority of tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous stimulation of ovarian cancer cell lines with recombinant human GDF15 ( rhGDF15 ) or stable over - expression of a GDF15 expression plasmid promoted anchorage - independent growth , increased invasion , and up - regulation of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MMP inhibition suppressed GDF15 - mediated invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , IHC analysis of human ovarian tumor tissue arrays indicated that GDF15 expression correlated significantly with high MMP2 and MMP9 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous and endogenous GDF15 over - expression stimulated phosphorylation of p38 , Erk1 / 2 , and Akt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 , MEK , or PI3K suppressed GDF15 - stimulated growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , proliferation , growth , and invasion of GDF15 stable clones were blocked by rapamycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IHC analysis demonstrated significant correlation between GDF15 expression and phosphorylation of mTOR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , knockdown of endogenous GDF15 or neutralization of secreted GDF15 suppressed invasion and growth of a GDF15 - over - expressing ovarian cancer cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that GDF15 over - expression , which occurred in a majority of human ovarian cancers , promoted rapamycin - sensitive invasion and growth of ovarian cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of mTOR may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancers that over - express GDF15 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future studies should examine GDF15 as a novel molecular target for blocking ovarian cancer progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state dependent dissolution and oral bioavailability of piroxicam in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to gain understanding about the effects of different solid - state forms of a poorly water - soluble piroxicam on drug dissolution and oral bioavailability in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three different solid - state forms of piroxicam were studied : anhydrate I ( AH ) , monohydrate ( MH ) , and amorphous form in solid dispersion ( SD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the effect of a new polymeric excipient Soluplus (R) ( polyvinyl caprolactam - polyvinyl acetate - polyethylene glycol graft copolymer ) on oral bioavailability of piroxicam was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soluplus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "polyvinyl caprolactam - polyvinyl acetate - polyethylene glycol graft copolymer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 148]}, {"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences in the dissolution and oral bioavailability were found between the solid - state forms of piroxicam .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amorphous piroxicam in SD showed the fastest dissolution in vitro and a solid - state transformation to MH in the dissolution medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the presence of solid - state transformation , SD exhibited the highest rate and extent of oral absorption in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral bioavailability of other two solid - state forms decreased in the order AH and MH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of Soluplus (R) was found to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of piroxicam in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Soluplus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study shows the importance of solid - state form selection for oral bioavailability of a poorly water - soluble drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal muscle - type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in TE - 671 cells and inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model by optical isomers of the piperidine alkaloid coniine .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "piperidine alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 192]}, {"entity": "coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coniine is an optically active toxic piperidine alkaloid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) agonist found in poison hemlock ( Conium maculatum L . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "piperidine alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coniine teratogenicity is hypothesized to be attributable to the binding , activation , and prolonged desensitization of fetal muscle - type nAChR , which results in the complete inhibition of fetal movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , pharmacological evidence of coniine actions at fetal muscle - type nAChR is lacking .", "entity": [{"entity": "coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study compared ( - ) - coniine , ( + ) - coniine , and nicotine for the ability to inhibit fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model and in TE - 671 cells that express fetal muscle - type nAChR .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "( + ) - coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , alpha - conotoxins ( CTx ) EI and GI were used to antagonize the actions of ( + ) - and ( - ) - coniine in TE - 671 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "( + ) - and ( - ) - coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( - ) - Coniine was more effective at eliciting electrical changes in TE - 671 cells and inhibiting fetal movement than was ( + ) - coniine , suggesting stereoselectivity by the receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - Coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "( + ) - coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pyridine alkaloid nicotine did not inhibit fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model , suggesting agonist specificity for the inhibition of fetal movement .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridine alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low concentrations of both CTxs potentiated the TE - 671 cell response and higher concentrations of CTx EI , and GI antagonized the actions of both coniine enantiomers demonstrating concentration - dependent coagonism and selective antagonism .", "entity": [{"entity": "coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide pharmacological evidence that the piperidine alkaloid coniine is acting at fetal muscle - type nAChR in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidine alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 75]}, {"entity": "coniine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Review and discussion of tubular biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy has tremendously increased with the relentless rise in the incidence of diabetes over the last couple decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality , and it invariably leads to an end - stage renal disease ( ESRD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to delay the onset of ESRD systematic screening and appropriate management are needed to evaluate the progression of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reliability of current tests in predicting the onset , progression and response to various regimens for diabetic nephropathy is still under debate ; and it has engendered a search for more sensitive and specific urinary biomarkers , especially those reflective of tubular dysfunctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is well - known that there is a good correlation between the degree of damage to the tubulo - interstitial compartment and the deterioration of renal functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of this , the utility of urinary biomarkers , reflective of tubular injury , reported in the literature is discussed in this brief review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Density functional conformational study of 2 - O - sulfated 3 , 6 anhydro - alpha - D - galactose and of neo - kappa - and iota - carrabiose molecules in gas phase and water .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - O - sulfated 3 , 6 anhydro - alpha - D - galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 97]}, {"entity": "neo - kappa - and iota - carrabiose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the conformational preferences of the 2 - O - sulfated - 3 , 6 - alpha - D - anhydrogalactose ( compound I ) and two 1 , 3 linked disaccharides constituting - kappa or iota - carrageenans using density functional and ab initio methods in gas phase and aqueous solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - O - sulfated - 3 , 6 - alpha - D - anhydrogalactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 105]}, {"entity": "disaccharides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systematic modifications of two torsion angles leading to 324 and 144 starting geometries for the compound I and each disaccharide were used to generate adiabatic maps using B3LYP / 6 - 31G ( d ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "disaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lower energy conformers were then fully optimized using B3LYP , B3PW91 and MP2 with several basis sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , we discuss the impact of full relaxation on the energy and structure of the dominant conformations , present the performance comparison with previous molecular mechanics calculations if available , and determine whether our results are impacted , when polarization and diffuse functions are added to the 6 - 31G ( d ) basis set , or when the MP2 level of theory is used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of silver nanoparticles on the liver and hepatocytes in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the increasing use and incorporation of nanoparticles ( NPs ) into consumer products , screening for potential toxicity is necessary to ensure customer safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NPs have been shown to translocate to the bloodstream following inhalation and ingestion , and such studies demonstrate that the liver is an important organ for accumulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver ( Ag ) NPs are highly relevant for human exposure due to their use in food contact materials , dietary supplements , and antibacterial wound treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the large number of different NPs already used in various products and being developed for new applications , it is essential that relevant , quick , and cheap methods of in vitro risk assessment suitable for these new materials are established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , this study used a simple hepatocytes model combined with an in vivo injection model to simulate the passage of a small amount of NPs into the bloodstream following exposure , e . g . , via ingestion or inhalation , and examined the potential of Ag NPs of 20 nm diameter to cause toxicity , inflammation , and oxidative stress in the liver following in vivo exposures of female Wistar rats via iv injection to 50 mu g of NPs and in vitro exposures using the human hepatocyte cell line C3A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Ag NPs were highly cytotoxic to hepatocytes ( LC ( 50 ) lactate dehydrogenase : 2 . 5 mu g / cm ( 2 ) ) and affected hepatocyte homeostasis by reducing albumin release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At sublethal concentrations with normal cell or tissue morphology , Ag NPs were detected in cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed similar effects of Ag NPs on inflammatory mediator expression in vitro and in vivo with increase of interleukin - 8 ( IL - 8 ) / macrophage inflammatory protein 2 , IL - 1RI , and tumor necrosis factor - alpha expression in both models and increased IL - 8 protein release in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article presents evidence of the potential toxicity and inflammogenic potential of Ag NPs in the liver following ingestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the similarities between in vitro and in vivo responses are striking and encouraging for future reduction , refinement , and replacement of animal studies by the use of hepatocyte cell lines in particle risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comment on real - time observation on dynamic growth / dissolution of conductive filaments in oxide - electrolyte - based ReRAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filament formation and dissolution in the system Ag ( Cu ) / ZrO ( 2 ) / Pt were observed by Liu et al .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag ( Cu )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "ZrO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Adv . Mater . 2012 , 24 , 1844 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their explanation of the phenomena is shown here to be inappropriate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various situations , including the \" bipolar electrode \" shown in the figure , are considered and the difference between the behavior in electrochemical metallization memories ( ECMs ) and valence change memories ( VCMs ) outlined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of crucial importance for distinguishing ECM from VCM behavior , that is , the effects of cation and anion migration , is the choice of the solid materials used to transport metal cations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible explanation of the phenomena is proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular loop II modulates GTP sensitivity of the prostaglandin EP3 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the majority of G protein - coupled receptors , the prostaglandin E ( 2 ) ( PGE ( 2 ) ) E - prostanoid 3 ( EP3 ) receptor binds agonist with high affinity that is insensitive to the presence of guanosine 5 [ prime ] - O - ( 3 - thio ) triphosphate ( GTP gamma S ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "E - prostanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "guanosine 5 [ prime ] - O - ( 3 - thio ) triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 254]}, {"entity": "GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the identification of mutations that confer GTP gamma S sensitivity to agonist binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven point mutations were introduced into the conserved motif in the second extracellular loop ( ECII ) of EP3 , resulting in acquisition of GTP - sensitive agonist binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One receptor mutation W203A was studied in detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of agonist binding was observed on intact human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the W203A receptor , conditions where high GTP levels are present ; however , high affinity binding [ ( 3 ) H ] PGE ( 2 ) was observed in broken cell preparations washed free of GTP .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 212]}, {"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The [ ( 3 ) H ] PGE ( 2 ) binding of W203A in broken cell membrane fractions was inhibited by addition of GTP gamma S ( IC ( 50 ) 21 +/- 1 . 8 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results suggest that the wild - type EP3 receptor displays unusual characteristics of the complex coupled equilibria between agonist - receptor and receptor - G protein interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , mutation of ECII can alter this coupled equilibrium from GTP - insensitive agonist binding to more conventional GTP - sensitive binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that for the mutant receptors , ECII plays a critical role in linking the agonist bound receptor conformation to the G protein nucleotide bound state .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesoscopic model parametrization of hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions of RNA from melting temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information about molecular interactions in DNA can be obtained from experimental melting temperature data by using mesoscopic statistical physics models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we extend the technique to RNA and show that the new parameters correctly reproduce known properties such as the stronger hydrogen bonds of AU base pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also were able to calculate a complete set of elastic constants for all 10 irreducible combinations of nearest neighbours ( NNs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We believe that this is particularly useful as experimentally derived information about RNA elasticity is relatively scarce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The melting temperature prediction using the present model improves over those from traditional NN model , providing thus an alternative way to calculate these temperatures for RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we calculated the site - dependent base pair oscillation to explain why RNA shows larger oscillation amplitudes despite having stronger AU hydrogen bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbaryl exposure and recovery modify the interrenal and thyroidal activities and the mitochondria - rich cell function in the climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the effects of carbaryl ( 1 - naphthyl methylcarbamate ; sevin ) , a carbamate pesticide , on interrenal and thyroid activities and mitochondrial rich ( MR ) cell function in climbing perch to understand the physiological basis of toxicity acclimation in this fish to the chemical stressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "1 - naphthyl methylcarbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 66]}, {"entity": "sevin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "carbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbaryl exposure ( 5 - 20 mg L ( - 1 ) ) for 48 h increased cortisol and glucose , but decreased the T ( 3 ) level without affecting T ( 4 ) concentration in the plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These responses of the carbaryl - exposed fish were nullified and a rise in plasma T ( 4 ) occurred in these fish when they were kept for 96 h recovery in clean water .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A tight plasma mineral control was indicated in the carbaryl - exposed fish as reflected by the unchanged plasma Na , K , Ca and inorganic phosphate levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 119]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ouabain - sensitive Na ( + ) , K ( + ) - ATPase activity showed an increase in the gills but the intestinal and renal tissues showed little response to carbaryl treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , substantial increases in the intestinal and renal Na ( + ) , K ( + ) - ATPase activities occurred in the recovery fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MR cells in the branchial epithelia showed a strong Na ( + ) , K ( + ) - ATPase immunoreactivity to carbaryl treatment indicating an activated MR cell function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The numerical MR cell density remained unchanged , but stretching of secondary gill lamellae as part of gill remodeling occurred during carbaryl exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased surface of these lamellae with abundant MR cells as a result of its migration into the lamellar surface points to marked structural and functional modifications of these cells in the carbaryl - treated fish which is likely to a target for carbaryl action .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rise in plasma T ( 4 ) and the restoration of normal branchial epithelia in the recovery fish indicate a thyroidal involvement in the recovery response and survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data thus provide evidence that carbaryl exposure and its recovery evoke interrenal and thyroid disruption in this fish leading to a modified osmotic response including an altered MR cell function .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquid crystal pump .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a dielectrically actuated liquid crystal ( LC ) pump .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small volume of LC forms a pillar - like droplet in a cylindrical hole which partially touches the bottom substrate with embedded interdigitated electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying a voltage , the LC droplet can be largely stretched along the electrode direction by the generated dielectric force , which in turn exerts a pressure to displace a small volume of fluid on the opposite side of the chamber .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the voltage is removed , the LC droplet returns to its initial state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LC droplet with such a reciprocating movement behaves like a pump .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the actuation mechanism of the LC pump is presented and the performance evaluated experimentally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our LC pump has the following advantages : simple structure , easy fabrication , compact size , high precision , low power consumption , and relatively fast response time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is promising for applications in lens actuators , biotechnology , drug delivery , and other lab - on - a - chip devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Costs of living in metal polluted areas : respiration rate of the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus from two gradients of metal pollution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address the question about costs of living in polluted areas , biomarkers linked to metabolism were measured in Pterostichus oblongopunctatus ( Coleoptera : Carabidae ) collected along two metal - pollution gradients in the vicinity of the two largest Polish zinc smelters : ' Boles l aw ' and ' Miasteczko S l a skie ' in southern Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both gradients covered a broad range of Zn and Cd concentrations in the humus layer ( 109 - 6151 and 1 . 48 - 71 . 4 mg kg ( - 1 ) , respectively ) and body metal concentrations increased with increasing soil metal concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The whole - organism respiration rate was measured as oxygen consumption with Micro - Oxymax respirometer , and cellular energy consumption - as the activity of electron transport system , which is linked to cellular respiration rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significant increase in the whole - organism respiration rate with the body metal concentration was found when taking into account other factors such as body mass , gradient ( or year of sampling as the beetles were collected on the gradients in different years ) and the interactions : body metal concentrations x collection date , body metal concentrations x body mass , and body mass x gradient / sampling year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no relationships between metal concentrations in soil or body metal concentrations and the whole - organism or cellular respiration rate could be detected when using mean values per site , underlining the crucial importance of incorporating individual variability in such analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed increase of the whole - organism respiration rate with increasing body contamination with metals suggests that P . oblongopunctatus incurs energetic expenditures resulting from the necessity to facilitate metal elimination or repair of toxicant - induced damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacologic properties , metabolism , and disposition of linaclotide , a novel therapeutic peptide approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linaclotide , a potent guanylate cyclase C agonist , is a therapeutic peptide approved in the United States for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present for the first time the metabolism , degradation , and disposition of linaclotide in animals and humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the metabolic stability of linaclotide in conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract and characterized the metabolite MM - 419447 ( CCEYCCNPACTGC ) , which contributes to the pharmacologic effects of linaclotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic exposure to these active peptides is low in rats and humans , and the low systemic and portal vein concentrations of linaclotide and MM - 419447 observed in the rat confirmed both peptides are minimally absorbed after oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linaclotide is stable in the acidic environment of the stomach and is converted to MM - 419447 in the small intestine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disulfide bonds of both peptides are reduced in the small intestine , where they are subsequently proteolyzed and degraded .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After oral administration of linaclotide , < 1 % of the dose was excreted as active peptide in rat feces and a mean of 3 - 5 % in human feces ; in both cases MM - 419447 was the predominant peptide recovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MM - 419447 exhibits high - affinity binding in vitro to T84 cells , resulting in a significant , concentration - dependent accumulation of intracellular cyclic guanosine - 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate ( cGMP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cyclic guanosine - 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 198]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat models of gastrointestinal function , orally dosed MM - 419447 significantly increased fluid secretion into small intestinal loops , increased intraluminal cGMP , and caused a dose - dependent acceleration in gastrointestinal transit .", "entity": [{"entity": "MM - 419447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate the importance of the active metabolite in contributing to linaclotide ' s pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "linaclotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lanthanum ( III ) regulates the nitrogen assimilation in soybean seedlings under ultraviolet - B radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lanthanum ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultraviolet - B ( UV - B , 280 - 320 nm ) radiation has seriously affected the growth of plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finding the technology / method to alleviate the damage of UV - B radiation has become a frontal topic in the field of environmental science .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pretreatment with rare earth elements ( REEs ) is an effective method , but the regulation mechanism of REEs is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the regulation effects of lanthanum ( La ( III ) ) on nitrogen assimilation in soybean seedlings ( Glycine max L . ) under ultraviolet - B radiation were investigated to elucidate the regulation mechanism of REEs on plants under UV - B radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthanum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "La ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - B radiation led to the inhibition in the activities of the key enzymes ( nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase ) in the nitrogen assimilation , the decrease in the contents of nitrate and soluble proteins , as well as the increase in the content of amino acid in soybean seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 212]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The change degree of UV - B radiation at the high level ( 0 . 45 W m ( - 2 ) ) was higher than that of UV - B radiation at the low level ( 0 . 15 W m ( - 2 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pretreatment with 20 mg L ( - 1 ) La ( III ) could alleviate the effects of UV - B radiation on the activities of nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase , glutamate synthase , and glutamate dehydrogenase , promoting amino acid conversion and protein synthesis in soybean seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regulation effect of La ( III ) under UV - B radiation at the low level was better than that of UV - B radiation at the high level .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that the pretreatment with 20 mg L ( - 1 ) La ( III ) could alleviate the inhibition of UV - B radiation on nitrogen assimilation in soybean seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes as key players in a mouse model of chemical - induced asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diisocyanates are an important cause of chemical - induced occupational asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diisocyanates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of immunologically mediated asthma is often characterized by a predominant granulocytic inflammation in the airways , rather than an infiltration by lymphocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to determine the contribution of granulocytes in the outcome of chemical - induced asthma using general and specific leukocyte depletion strategies in an established mouse model of isocyanate asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "isocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On days 1 and 8 , BALB / c mice received dermal applications with toluene - 2 , 4 - diisocyanate ( TDI ) or vehicle ( acetone olive oil ) , followed by two ip injections of cyclophosphamide ( CP , days 11 and 13 ) , or one iv injection of antigranulocyte receptor 1 ( aGR1 , day 13 ) monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) , or two ip injections of Ly6G - specific mAb ( 1A8 , days 13 and 14 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "toluene - 2 , 4 - diisocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 96]}, {"entity": "TDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 15 , the mice were challenged ( oropharyngeal administration ) with TDI or vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next day , we assessed methacholine airway hyperreactivity ( AHR ) ; bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell count ; histopathology and total serum IgE ; and auricular lymphocyte subpopulations and release of interleukin ( IL ) - 2 , IL - 4 , IL - 10 , IL - 13 , and gamma interferon by these lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "methacholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CP depleted all leukocyte types and completely prevented AHR and airway inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "aGR1 depleted granulocytes and CD8 ( + ) lymphocytes , which resulted in a partial prevention in AHR but no decrease in airway inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of Ly6G - positive granulocytes , i . e . , both neutrophils and eosinophils , prevented AHR and lung epithelial damage and significantly reduced airway inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of aGR1 or 1A8 led to significantly changed cytokine release patterns in TDI - treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granulocytes , both neutrophils and eosinophils , are key cellular players in this model of chemical - induced asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermosensitive polymeric hydrogels as drug delivery systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermosensitive hydrogels are very important biomaterials used in drug delivery systems ( DDSs ) , which gained increasing attention of researchers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermosensitive hydrogels have great potential in various applications , such as drug delivery , cell encapsulation , tissue engineering , and etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with lower sol - gel transition temperature around physiological temperature have been extensively studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By in vivo injection , the hydrogels formed non - flowing gel at body temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon incorporation of pharmaceutical agents , the hydrogel systems could act as sustained drug release depot in situ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel systems have a number of advantages , including simplicity of drug formulation , protective environment for drugs , prolonged and localized drug delivery , and ease of application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this review is to summarize fundamentals , applications , and recent advances of injectable thermosensitive hydrogel as DDSs , including chitosan and related derivatives , poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide ) - based ( PNIPAAM ) copolymers , poly ( ethylene oxide ) / poly ( propylene oxide ) ( PEO / PPO ) copolymers and its derivatives , and poly ( ethylene glycol ) / biodegradable polyester copolymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 221]}, {"entity": "PNIPAAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 239]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene oxide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 278]}, {"entity": "poly ( propylene oxide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 305]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 311]}, {"entity": "PPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 317]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [357, 381]}, {"entity": "polyester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [398, 407]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New insights in the pathogenesis and treatment of normal tension glaucoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is a major risk factor for glaucomatous damage and reducing IOP improves prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , there is little doubt that other risk factors besides IOP such as unstable ocular perfusion are involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood flow is unstable if either the IOP fluctuates at a high level ( or blood pressure fluctuates at a low level ) or if the autoregulation of blood flow disturbed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A common cause for a disturbed OBF autoregulation is a primary vascular dysregulation ( PVD ) frequently observed in normal tension glaucoma patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unstable blood flow leads to recurrent mild reperfusion injury ( chronic oxidative stress ) affecting particularly the mitochondria of the optic nerve head .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBF regulation can be improved by magnesium , calcium channel blockers as well as with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upregulation of phagocyte - like NADPH oxidase by cytokines in pancreatic beta - cells : attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress by 2 - bromopalmitate .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "2 - bromopalmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phagocyte - like NADPH oxidase ( Nox2 ) has been shown to play regulatory roles in the metabolic dysfunction of the islet beta - cell under the duress of glucolipotoxic conditions and exposure to proinflammatory cytokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the precise mechanisms underlying Nox2 activation by these stimuli remain less understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , we report a time - dependent phosphorylation of p47phox , a cytosolic subunit of Nox2 , by cytomix ( IL - 1 beta + TNF alpha + IFN gamma ) in insulin - secreting INS - 1 832 / 13 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , cytomix induced the expression of gp91phox , a membrane component of Nox2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - Bromopalmitate ( 2 - BP ) , a known inhibitor of protein palmitoylation , markedly attenuated cytokine - induced , Nox2 - mediated reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) - mediated nitric oxide ( NO ) generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - Bromopalmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "2 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 204]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 246]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , 2 - BP failed to exert any significant effects on cytomix - induced CHOP expression , a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our findings identify palmitoyltransferase as a target for inhibition of cytomix - induced oxidative ( ROS generation ) and nitrosative ( NO generation ) stress in the pancreatic beta - cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mTOR inhibition modulates epileptogenesis , seizures and depressive behavior in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several signaling pathways are believed to be involved in the epileptogenic process that triggers the subsequent changes in the brain causing epilepsy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) is a serine / threonine kinase that in the brain , regulates several important physiological functions such as neuronal development and synaptic plasticity , and also seems to be involved in many pathologies , including epilepsy and psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work in animal models of both genetic and acquired generalized convulsive epilepsies , has suggested that modulators of the mTOR signaling pathway may have beneficial neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated for the first time , the effect of some treatment schedules ( i . e . early chronic , sub - chronic and acute ) with the specific mTOR inhibitor rapamycin , on the development of absence seizures and seizure parameters as well as depressive - like behavior in WAG / Rij rats , a genetic model of absence epilepsy , epileptogenesis and mild - depression comorbidity .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we studied the possible interaction between rapamycin treatment and the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) endotoxin administration , which is known to aggravate absence seizures through generation of increased neuroinflammatory responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that rapamycin ( early chronic treatment for 17 weeks , starting at P45 ) exhibited clear antiepileptogenic properties also in this animal epilepsy model ; however , this effect was accompanied by unexpected prodepressant effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both acute and sub - chronic ( 7 day ) treatments also had anti - absence properties , but the sub - chronic treatment produced contrasting antidepressant properties in the WAG / Rij rats that were not seen in control Wistar rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapamycin / LPS co - administration studies showed that rapamycin blocked or prevented the LPS - dependent increase in absence seizures , suggesting an anti - inflammatory - like protective action .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we have demonstrated a novel antiepileptogenic effect of rapamycin in a well - established animal model of absence epilepsy , and we suggest that this effect may be mediated by the inhibition of inflammatory processes that are developed in the brain of these specific animals during epileptogenesis and during seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experiments here suggest new insights into this intriguing field , which deserves to be further explored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pyridyl group in ligand design for selective metal ion complexation and sensing .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors in polypyridyl ligands that control their thermodynamic metal ion selectivity in aqueous solution , and their use in selective fluorescent sensing , are examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "polypyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preorganization of polypyridyl ligands ranging from bidentate to tetradentate by bridging benzo groups , as are present in 1 , 10 - phenanthroline ( phen ) compared to 2 , 2 ' - bipyridyl ( bpy ) , is discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "polypyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "benzo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "1 , 10 - phenanthroline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 146]}, {"entity": "phen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - bipyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 187]}, {"entity": "bpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of solvation is considered in relation to the relative affinity of ligands containing pyridyl groups for divalent and trivalent metal ions in aqueous solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of steric clashes between H atoms on polypyridyl ligands in decreasing complex stability are evaluated , as well as the effect of chelate ring size on metal ion selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 39]}, {"entity": "polypyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phen ligands with other donor groups present at the 2 and 9 positions , such as alcohols , amides , carboxylates , and oximes are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "carboxylates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design of pyridyl - based ligands for the separation of Am ( III ) from lanthanide ( III ) ions is considered , as well as ligands for the removal of metal ions such as Cu ( II ) or Zn ( II ) in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer ' s .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Am ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "lanthanide ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "Cu ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "Zn ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design of pyridyl - based fluorescent sensors for selective sensing of metal ions is examined in terms of the role of spin - orbit coupling constants ( zeta ) , paramagnetism , and steric effects in the development of selective fluorescent sensors that operate via chelation enhanced fluorescence ( CHEF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that for lighter metal ions with smaller zeta values such as Zn ( II ) and Ca ( II ) , and to a lesser extent Cd ( II ) , that the CHEF effect can be achieved with pyridyl - containing fluorophores that coordinate directly to the metal ion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Ca ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "Cd ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The way in which steric effects can be used to decrease the CHEF effect in Zn ( II ) relative to Cd ( II ) to enable selective sensing of the latter is analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "Cd ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For heavier metal ions such as Hg ( II ) and Pb ( II ) , because of their large zeta values which quench fluorescence , it is concluded that the fluorophore should be tethered to the metal - binding part of the sensor , and prevented from binding to the metal ion by steric and electronic factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "Pb ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How Hg ( II ) can quench the CHEF effect by pi - contact with fluorophores such as the anthracenyl group , which at first sight might not seem able to bond with metal ions , is examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "anthracenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive selection within a diatom species acts on putative protein interactions and transcriptional regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diatoms are the most species - rich group of microalgae , and their contribution to marine primary production is important on a global scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diatoms can form dense blooms through rapid asexual reproduction ; mutations acquired and propagated during blooms likely provide the genetic , and thus phenotypic , variability upon which natural selection may act .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive selection was tested using genome and transcriptome - wide pair - wise comparisons of homologs in three genera of diatoms ( Pseudo - nitzschia , Ditylum , and Thalassiosira ) that represent decreasing phylogenetic distances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The signal of positive selection was greatest between two strains of Thalassiosira pseudonana .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further testing among seven strains of T . pseudonana yielded 809 candidate genes of positive selection , which are 7 % of the protein - coding genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orphan genes and genes encoding protein - binding domains and transcriptional regulators were enriched within the set of positively selected genes relative to the genome as a whole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positively selected genes were linked to the potential selective pressures of nutrient limitation and sea surface temperature based on analysis of gene expression profiles and identification of positively selected genes in subsets of strains from locations with similar environmental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of positively selected genes presents an opportunity to test new hypotheses in natural populations and the laboratory that integrate selected genotypes in T . pseudonana with their associated phenotypes and selective forces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negative regulation of inflammation by SIRT1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sirtuin 1 ( SIRT1 ) , the mammalian Sir2 homologue , is a class III histone deacetylase shown to act on a wide range of histones and non - histone substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 regulates critical metabolic and physiological processes including senescence , stress resistance , metabolism and apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , SIRT1 was also found to play an important role in modulating the development and progression of inflammation through deacetylating histones and critical transcription factor such as nuclear factor kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) and activator protein 1 ( AP - 1 ) , thus leading to transcriptional repression of various inflammation - related genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing evidence that reduction of SIRT1 levels is closely correlated with many inflammatory diseases while pharmacologic activation of SIRT1 would be a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation - related diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four disruptive strategies for removing drug discovery bottlenecks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug discovery is shifting focus from industry to outside partners and , in the process , creating new bottlenecks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Technologies like high throughput screening ( HTS ) have moved to a larger number of academic and institutional laboratories in the USA , with little coordination or consideration of the outputs and creating a translational gap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there have been collaborative public - private partnerships in Europe to share pharmaceutical data , the USA has seemingly lagged behind and this may hold it back .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sharing precompetitive data and models may accelerate discovery across the board , while finding the best collaborators , mining social media and mobile approaches to open drug discovery should be evaluated in our efforts to remove drug discovery bottlenecks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe four strategies to rectify the current unsustainable situation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Converging levels of analysis on a genomic hotspot for psychosis : insights from 22q11 . 2 deletion syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder that , despite extensive research , still poses a considerable challenge to attempts to unravel its heterogeneity , and the complex biochemical mechanisms by which it arises .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the majority of cases are of unknown etiology , accumulating evidence suggests that rare genetic mutations , such as 22q11 . 2 Deletion Syndrome ( 22qDS ) , can play a significant role in predisposition to the illness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to 25 % of individuals with 22qDS eventually develop schizophrenia ; conversely , this deletion is estimated to account for 1 - 2 % of schizophrenia cases overall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This locus of Chromosome 22q11 . 2 contains genes that encode for proteins and enzymes involved in regulating neurotransmission , neuronal development , myelination , microRNA processing , and post - translational protein modifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence of the deletion , affected individuals exhibit cognitive dysfunction , structural and functional brain abnormalities , and neurodevelopmental anomalies that parallel many of the phenotypic characteristics of schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an illustration of the value of rare , highly penetrant genetic subtypes for elucidating pathological mechanisms of complex neuropsychiatric disorders , we provide here an overview of the cellular , network , and systems - level anomalies found in 22qDS , and review the intriguing evidence for this disorder ' s association with schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic study of Growth Hormone - Releasing Peptide 6 ( GHRP - 6 ) in nine male healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth Hormone - Releasing Peptide 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 61]}, {"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GHRP - 6 is a growth hormone secretagogue that also enhances tissue viability in different organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , we studied the pharmacokinetics of this short therapeutic hexapeptide ( His - ( D - Trp ) - Ala - Trp - ( D - Phe ) - Lys - NH ( 2 , ) MW = 872 . 44 Da ) in nine male healthy volunteers after a single intravenous bolus administration of 100 , 200 and 400 mu g / kg of body weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "His - ( D - Trp ) - Ala - Trp - ( D - Phe ) - Lys - NH ( 2 , )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GHRP - 6 was quantified in human plasma by a specific LC - MS method , previously developed and validated following FDA guidelines , using ( 13 ) C ( 3 ) Ala - GHRP - 6 as internal standard ( Gil et al . , 2012 , J . Pharm . Biomed . Anal . 60 , 19 - 25 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C ( 3 ) Ala - GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Lower Limit of Quantification ( 5 ng / mL ) was reached in all subjects at 12h post - administration , which was sufficient for modeling a pharmacokinetic profile including over 85 % of the Area under the Curve ( AUC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disposition of GHRP - 6 best fitted a bi - exponential function with R ( 2 ) higher than 0 . 99 , according to a mathematic modeling and confirmed by an Akaike index ( AIC ) lower than that of the corresponding one - compartment model for all subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Averaging all three dose levels , the distribution and elimination half - life of GHRP - 6 were 7 . 6 +/- 1 . 9 min and 2 . 5 +/- 1 . 1h , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values are coherent with existing data for other drugs whose disposition also fits this model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose dependence analysis revealed a noticeable trend for AUC to increase proportionally with administered dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atypical GHRP - 6 concentration spikes were observed during the elimination phase in four out of the nine subjects studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "GHRP - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis initiation of beta - ionone in SGC - 7901 gastric carcinoma cancer cells via a PI3K - AKT pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - ionone has been shown to hold potent anti - proliferative and apoptosis induction properties in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the effects of beta - ionone on apoptosis initiation and its possible mechanisms of action , we qualified cell apoptosis , proteins related to apoptosis and a phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) - AKT pathway in human gastric adenocarcinoma cancer SGC - 7901 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrated that beta - ionone - induced apoptosis in a dose - dependent manner in SGC - 7901 cells treated with beta - ionone ( 25 , 50 , 100 and 200 mu mol / L ) for 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - ionone was also shown to induce the expression of cleaved - caspase - 3 and inhibit bcl - 2 expression in SGC - 7901 cells in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significantly decreased levels of p - PI3K and p - AKT expression were observed in SGC - 7901 cells after beta - ionone treatments in a time - and dose - dependent manner ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the apoptosis induction in SGC - 7901 cells by beta - ionone may be regulated through a PI3K - AKT pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate a potential mechanism by which beta - ionone to induce apoptosis initiation in SGC - 7901 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced carcinogenicity by coexposure to arsenic and iron and a novel remediation system for the elements in well drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various carcinomas including skin cancer are explosively increasing in arsenicosis patients who drink arsenic - polluted well water , especially in Bangladesh .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although well drinking water in the cancer - prone areas contains various elements , very little is known about the effects of elements except arsenic on carcinogenicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to clarify the carcinogenic effects of coexposure to arsenic and iron , anchorage - independent growth and invasion in human untransformed HaCaT and transformed A431 keratinocytes were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the mean ratio of arsenic and iron in well water was 1 : 10 in cancer - prone areas of Bangladesh , effects of 1 mu M arsenic and 10 mu M iron were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iron synergistically promoted arsenic - mediated anchorage - independent growth in untransformed and transformed keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iron additionally increased invasion in both types of keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activities of c - SRC and ERK that regulate anchorage - independent growth and invasion were synergistically enhanced in both types of keratinocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that iron promotes arsenic - mediated transformation of untransformed keratinocytes and progression of transformed keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then developed a low - cost and high - performance adsorbent composed of a hydrotalcite - like compound for arsenic and iron .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrotalcite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorbent rapidly reduced concentrations of both elements from well drinking water in cancer - prone areas of Bangladesh to levels less than those in WHO health - based guidelines for drinking water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we not only demonstrated for the first time increased carcinogenicity by coexposure to arsenic and iron but also proposed a novel remediation system for well drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of oxygen heteroatoms on the single molecule conductance of saturated chains .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single molecule conductance measurements on alkanedithiols and alkoxydithiols ( dithiolated oligoethers ) were performed using the STM - controlled break junction method in order to ascertain how the oxygen heteroatoms in saturated linear chains impact the molecular conductance .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkanedithiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "alkoxydithiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "dithiolated oligoethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 103]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results show that the difference in conductance increases with chain length , over the range studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons with electronic structure calculations and previous work on alkanes indicate that the conductance of the oligoethers is lower than that of alkane chains with the same length .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "oligoethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "alkane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic structure calculations allow the difference in the conductance of these two families of molecules to be traced to differences in the spatial distribution of the molecular orbitals that contribute most to the conductance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pathway analysis of the electronic coupling through the chain is used to explain how the difference in conductance between the alkane and oligoether molecules depends on the chain length .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy of asiatic acid , a pentacyclic triterpene on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "pentacyclic triterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asiatic acid ( AA ) , a triterpenoid derivative of Centella asiatica , has shown significant biological effects of antioxidant and anti - inflammatory activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of AA on the activities of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To induce diabetes mellitus , rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 40 mg / kg b . w .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic rats showed significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) increased in plasma glucose , glycosylated hemoglobin and significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) decreased in circulating insulin and hemoglobin .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The altered activities of key enzymes such as glucose - 6 - phosphatase and fructose - 1 , 6 - bisphosphatase of carbohydrate metabolism significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) increased whereas hexokinase , pyruvate kinase , glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen content significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) decreased in the liver of diabetic rats and also increased activities of aspartate transaminase ( AST ) , alanine transaminase ( ALT ) and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 238]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 385]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [409, 416]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of AA ( 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg b . w . ) and glibenclamide ( 600 mu g / kg b . w . ) to diabetic rats for 45 days prevented the above alteration and reverted to near normalcy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protection of body weight loss of diabetic rats by AA was also observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant effect was observed in normal rats treated with AA ( 20 mg / kg b . w . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this search , AA found to be potential bioactive compound to regulate the carbohydrate metabolism by modulating the key regulatory enzymes in diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings merit further research in this field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mancozeb - induced behavioral deficits precede structural neural degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mancozeb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manganese - containing fungicides like Mancozeb have been associated with neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Mancozeb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the behavioral damage and differential neuronal vulnerability resulting from Mancozeb exposure using Caenorhabditis elegans , an important mid - trophic level soil organism that is also a powerful model for studying mechanisms of environmental pollutant - induced neurodegenerative disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mancozeb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dopamine - mediated swim to crawl locomotory transition behavior is exquisitely vulnerable to Mancozeb , with functional impairment preceding markers of neuronal structural damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "Mancozeb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The damage is partially rescued in mutants lacking the divalent metal transporter , SMF - 1 , demonstrating that some , but not all , of the damage is mediated by manganese .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing concentrations of Mancozeb recruit additional behavioral dysfunction , notably serotonin - mediated egg - laying behavior , but without evident serotonergic neuronal structural damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mancozeb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , measurements of behavioral dysfunction are a sensitive early marker of fungicide toxicity that could be exploited to examine further mechanisms of neuron damage and possible therapeutic interventions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results also provide important insight into the consequences of fungicide use on the ecological behavior of nematodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro metabolism , permeation , and brain availability of six major boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata gum resins .", "entity": [{"entity": "boswellic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boswellia serrata gum resin extracts ( BSE ) revealed potent anti - inflammatory actions in preclinical and clinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 BSE was assigned an orphan drug status by the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) for the treatment of peritumoral edema .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past pharmacological effects of BSE were mainly attributed to 11 - keto - beta - boswellic acid ( KBA ) and 3 - acetyl - 11 - keto - beta - boswellic acid ( AKBA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 - keto - beta - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 102]}, {"entity": "KBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "3 - acetyl - 11 - keto - beta - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 161]}, {"entity": "AKBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies focused mainly on these two boswellic acids ( BAs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "boswellic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , other BAs , like beta - boswellic acid ( beta BA ) , might also contribute to the anti - inflammatory actions of BSE .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we determined the metabolic stability , permeability and brain availability of six major BAs , that is , KBA , AKBA , beta BA , 3 - acetyl - beta - boswellic acid ( A beta BA ) , alpha - boswellic acid ( alpha BA ) , and 3 - acetyl - alpha - boswellic acid ( A alpha BA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "KBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "AKBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "3 - acetyl - beta - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 169]}, {"entity": "A beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "alpha - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 208]}, {"entity": "alpha BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "3 - acetyl - alpha - boswellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 263]}, {"entity": "A alpha BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For permeability studies , the Caco - 2 model was adapted to physiological conditions by the addition of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) to the basolateral side and the use of modified fasted state simulated intestinal fluid ( FaSSIF ) on the apical side .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these conditions the four BAs lacking the 11 - keto moiety revealed moderate permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 - keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore the permeability of AKBA and KBA was improved compared to earlier studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "KBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to A alpha - and A beta BA , beta BA and alpha BA were intensively metabolized after incubation with human and rat liver microsomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "A alpha - and A beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "alpha BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the availability of all six major BAs could be confirmed in rat brain 8h after oral administration of 240mg / kg BSE to rats showing mean concentrations of 11 . 6ng / g for KBA , 37 . 5ng / g for AKBA , 485 . 1ng / g for alpha BA , 1066 . 6ng / g for beta BA , 43 . 0ng / g for A alpha BA and 163 . 7ng / g for A beta BA .", "entity": [{"entity": "KBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}, {"entity": "AKBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 210]}, {"entity": "alpha BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 239]}, {"entity": "beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 268]}, {"entity": "A alpha BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 298]}, {"entity": "A beta BA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible ways of fagopyrin biosynthesis and production in buckwheat plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "fagopyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work extends knowledge about possible biosynthesis of fagopyrin in buckwheat plants by providing possible candidate genes for its biosynthesis and the role of type III polyketide synthases ( PKSs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fagopyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , new information is presented about the possible connection between naphthodianthrones and phenolic biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthodianthrones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible regulation of fagopyrin biosynthesis and production under different growth conditions is also discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "fagopyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adolescent male rats are less sensitive than adults to the anxiogenic and serotonin - releasing effects of fenfluramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "fenfluramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk taking behavior increases during adolescence , which is also a critical period for the onset of drug abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The central serotonergic system matures during the adolescent period , and its immaturity during early adolescence may contribute to adolescent risk taking , as deficits in central serotonergic function have been associated with impulsivity , aggression , and risk taking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated serotonergic modulation of behavior and presynaptic serotonergic function in adult ( 67 - 74 days old ) and adolescent ( 28 - 34 days old ) male rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fenfluramine ( 2 mg / kg , i . p . ) produced greater anxiogenic effects in adult rats in both the light / dark and elevated plus maze tests for anxiety - like behavior , and stimulated greater increases in extracellular serotonin in the adult medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) ( 1 , 2 . 5 , and 10 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenfluramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local infusion of 100 mM potassium chloride into the mPFC also stimulated greater serotonin efflux in adult rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult rats had higher tissue serotonin content than adolescents in the prefrontal cortex , amygdala , and hippocampus , but the rate of serotonin synthesis was similar between age groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin transporter ( SERT ) immunoreactivity and SERT radioligand binding were comparable between age groups in all three brain regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that lower tissue serotonin stores in adolescents limit fenfluramine - stimulated serotonin release and so contribute to the lesser anxiogenic effects of fenfluramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "fenfluramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "fenfluramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic trioxide - induced hERG K ( + ) channel deficiency can be rescued by matrine and oxymatrine through up - regulating transcription factor Sp1 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic trioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "oxymatrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human ether - a - go - go - related gene ( hERG ) encodes the rapidly activating , delayed rectifier potassium channel ( IKr ) important for cardiac repolarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysfunction of the hERG channel can cause Long QT Syndrome ( LQTS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide variety of structurally diverse therapeutic compounds reduce the hERG current by acute direct inhibition of the hERG current or / and selective disruption of hERG protein expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic trioxide ( As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) ) , which is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia , can cause LQTS type 2 ( LQT2 ) by reducing the hERG current through the diversion of hERG trafficking to the cytoplasmic membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic trioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "As ( 2 ) O ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cardiotoxicity limits its clinical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to develop cardioprotective agents to decrease As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "As ( 2 ) O ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reported that superfusion of hERG - expressing HEK293 ( hERG - HEK ) cells with matrine ( 1 , 10 mu M ) increased the hERG current by promoting hERG channel activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term treatment with 1 mu M matrine or oxymatrine increased expression of the hERG protein and rescued the hERG surface expression disrupted by As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "oxymatrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "As ( 2 ) O ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Matrine and oxymatrine significantly shortened action potential duration prolonged by As ( 2 ) O ( 3 ) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "oxymatrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "As ( 2 ) O ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were ascribed to the up - regulation of hERG at both mRNA and protein levels via an increase in the expression of transcription factor Sp1 , an established transactivator of the hERG gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , matrine and oxymatrine may have the potential to cure LQT2 as a potassium channel activator by promoting hERG channel activation and increasing hERG channel expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "matrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "oxymatrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF - alpha - mediated NF - kappa B survival signaling impairment by cisplatin enhances JNK activation allowing synergistic apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cisplatin - induced nephrotoxicity is an important limiting factor for cisplatin use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) is known to contribute to cisplatin - induced nephrotoxicity by inducing an inflammatory process aggravating the primary injury , thereby resulting in acute kidney injury ( AKI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigates the pathways synergistically activated by cisplatin and TNF - alpha responsible for TNF - alpha - enhanced cisplatin - induced renal cell injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To do so , immortalized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells ( IM - PTECs ) were co - treated with TNF - alpha and cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these conditions , cisplatin induced dose - dependent apoptosis in IM - PTECs , which was significantly enhanced by TNF - alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cisplatin inhibited the typical TNF - alpha response and cisplatin / TNF - alpha treatment up - regulated cell death pathways while it down - regulated survival pathways compared to cisplatin alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In concordance , the gene expression levels of kidney injury markers combined with activation of specific inflammatory mediators were enhanced by cisplatin / TNF - alpha treatment , resembling the in vivo cisplatin - induced nephrotoxicity response .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , combined cisplatin / TNF - alpha treatment inhibited NF - kappa B nuclear translocation and NF - kappa B - mediated gene transcription leading to enhanced and prolonged JNK and c - Jun phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JNK sustained activation further inhibited NF - kappa B signaling via a feedback loop mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to an alteration in the transcription of the NF - kappa B - induced anti - apoptotic genes c - IAP2 , Bcl - XL , Bruce and Bcl2 and pro - apoptotic genes Bfk and Xaf1 and consequently to sensitization of the IM - PTECs toward cisplatin / TNF - alpha - induced toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our findings support a model whereby renal cells exposed to both cisplatin and TNF - alpha switch into a more pro - apoptotic and inflammatory program by altering their NF - kappa B / JNK / c - Jun balance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ibandronate increases the expression of the pro - apoptotic gene FAS by epigenetic mechanisms in tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibandronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is growing evidence that aminobisphosphonates like ibandronate show anticancer activity by an unknown mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminobisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "ibandronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemically , they prevent posttranslational isoprenylation of small GTPases , thus inhibiting their activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In tumor cells , activated RAS - GTPase , the founding member of the gene family , down - regulates the expression of the pro - apoptotic gene FAS via epigenetic DNA - methylation by DNMT1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared ibandronate treatment in neoplastic human U - 2 osteosarcoma and in mouse CCL - 51 breast cancer cells as well as in the immortalized non - neoplastic MC3T3 - E1 osteoblastic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibandronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ibandronate attenuated cell proliferation in all cell lines tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibandronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the neoplastic cells we found up - regulation of caspases suggesting apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further we found stimulation of FAS - expression as a result of epigenetic DNA demethylation that was due to down - regulation of DNMT1 , which was rescued by re - isoprenylation by both geranylgeranyl - pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "geranylgeranyl - pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 217]}, {"entity": "farnesylpyrophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , ibandronate did not affect FAS and DNMT1 expression in MC3T3 - E1 non - neoplastic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibandronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data suggest that bisphosphonates via modulation of the activity of small - GTPases induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells by DNA - CpG - demethylation and stimulation of FAS - expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion the shown epigenetic mechanism underlying the anti - neoplastic activity of farnesyl - transferase - inhibition , also explains the clinical success of other drugs , which target this pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "farnesyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interorgan metabolism of ornithine phenylacetate ( OP ) - - a novel strategy for treatment of hyperammonemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine phenylacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined administration of ornithine and phenylacetate ( OP ) is proposed as a novel treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "phenylacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ornithine is believed to increase ammonia fixation into glutamine in muscle tissue and glutamine is subsequently thought to react with phenylacetate forming phenylacetylglutamine ( PAGN ) which is excreted in urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "phenylacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "phenylacetylglutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 178]}, {"entity": "PAGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to elucidate the interorgan metabolism of ornithine and ammonia in cirrhotic rats treated with OP in order to obtain an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effect of the treatment , which are largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile duct ligated cirrhotic rats and SHAM rats were treated with OP or saline for five days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] Ornithine or ( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + ) were administered intravenously and the incorporation of ( 15 ) N in amino acids as well as the content of the amino acids were subsequently determined in plasma , skeletal muscle , liver and kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] Ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In BDL rats , OP treatment reduced arterial ammonia concentration and increased that of glutamine 30 min after the treatment but not after 15 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OP treatment did not increase ( 15 ) N labeling in glutamine from [ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] ornithine and ( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + ) in skeletal muscle or liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 15 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "[ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 96]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the extent of glutamine labeling from [ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] ornithine or ( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + ) was similar in arterial blood and liver and higher than that in skeletal muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "[ 2 , 5 - ( 15 ) N ] ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 78]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) NH ( 4 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the effect of OP was related to hepatic metabolism of ornithine .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAGN could not be detected in urine or blood in any of the rats which may explain why OP treatment only reduced arterial ammonia transiently .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet - derived growth factor triggers PKA - mediated signalling by a redox - dependent mechanism in rat renal mesangial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory glomerular kidney diseases are often accompanied with a massive production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) that affect the function of the glomerular filtration barrier and contribute to mesangiolysis via the induction of cell death in mesangial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intriguingly , ROS also trigger fine - tuned signalling processes that affect gene expression and cell proliferation or migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To define such redox - driven signalling devices , a proteomics approach was performed to identify the formation of protein complexes induced by ROS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , protein lysates of human podocytes were treated with or without hydrogen peroxide ( 250 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter cell lysates were subjected to diagonal 2D gel electrophoresis and putative redox - affected proteins were analysed by MS / MS analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among others , the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A ( PKA ) could be identified that forms homodimers under oxidative conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate whether ROS dependent dimerization of PKA also occurs in a more physiological setting , rat mesangial cells were treated with platelet - derived growth factor - BB ( PDGF - BB ) to induce ROS formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This regimen resulted in a redox dependent dimerization of the R - subunits of PKA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To demonstrate whether PDGF - BB induced ROS formation affects PKA dependent pathways , the effects of PDGF - BB on phosphorylation of serine 157 of vasodilator stimulated protein ( VASP ) a classical target of PKA were analysed .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly PDGF - BB induced VASP phosphorylation in a ROS dependent manner but independent of changes in cAMP levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , we demonstrate a redox - mediated activation of PKA by PDGF - BB thus highlighting a physiological role of ROS as regulator of PKA activity in rat mesangial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloroacetic acid induced neuronal cells death through oxidative stress - mediated p38 - MAPK activation pathway regulated mitochondria - dependent apoptotic signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloroacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloroacetic acid ( CA ) , a toxic chlorinated analog of acetic acid , is widely used in chemical industries as an herbicide , detergent , and disinfectant , and chemical intermediates that are formed during the synthesis of various products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloroacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , CA has been found as a by - product of chlorination disinfection of drinking water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is little known about neurotoxic injuries of CA on the mammalian , the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of CA - induced neuronal cell injury are mostly unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we examined the cytotoxicity of CA on cultured Neuro - 2a cells and investigated the possible mechanisms of CA - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of Neuro - 2a cells with CA significantly reduced the number of viable cells ( in a dose - dependent manner with a range from 0 . 1 to 3mM ) , increased the generation of ROS , and reduced the intracellular levels of glutathione depletion .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA also increased the number of sub - G1 hypodiploid cells ; increased mitochondrial dysfunction ( loss of MMP , cytochrome c release , and accompanied by Bcl - 2 and Mcl - 1 down - regulation and Bax up - regulation ) , and activated the caspase cascades activations , which displayed features of mitochondria - dependent apoptosis pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These CA - induced apoptosis - related signals were markedly prevented by the antioxidant N - acetylcysteine ( NAC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 108]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , CA activated the JNK and p38 - MAPK pathways , but did not that ERK1 / 2 pathway , in treated Neuro - 2a cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with NAC and specific p38 - MAPK inhibitor ( SB203580 ) , but not JNK inhibitor ( SP600125 ) effectively abrogated the phosphorylation of p38 - MAPK and attenuated the apoptotic signals ( including : decrease in cytotoxicity , caspase - 3 / - 7 activation , the cytosolic cytochrome c release , and the reversed alteration of Bcl - 2 and Bax mRNA ) in CA - treated Neuro - 2a cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "SB203580", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "SP600125", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data suggest that oxidative stress - induced p38 - MAPK activated pathway - regulated mitochondria - dependent apoptosis plays an important role in CA - caused neuronal cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioassay - guided isolation of urease and alpha - chymotrypsin inhibitory constituents from the stems of Lawsonia alba Lam .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Henna ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven constituents were isolated from the stems of Lawsonia alba Lam . , following an activity - guided isolation , which include two new constituents , namely lawsorosemarinol ( 1 ) and lawsofructose ( 2 ) , one known compound 2 - ( beta - d - glucopyranosyloxy ) - 1 , 4 - naphthoquinone ( 3 ) and four compounds , 4 - hydroxy coumarine ( 4 ) , 3 - ( 4 - hyroxyphenyl ) - triacontyl - ( Z ) - propenoate ( 5 ) , 3 - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenyl ) - triacontyl - ( Z ) - propenoate ( 6 ) and 7 - hydroxy - 4 - methyl coumarin ( 7 ) first time isolated from Lawsonia alba .", "entity": [{"entity": "lawsorosemarinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 176]}, {"entity": "lawsofructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 200]}, {"entity": "2 - ( beta - d - glucopyranosyloxy ) - 1 , 4 - naphthoquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 289]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxy coumarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 338]}, {"entity": "3 - ( 4 - hyroxyphenyl ) - triacontyl - ( Z ) - propenoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 405]}, {"entity": "3 - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenyl ) - triacontyl - ( Z ) - propenoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [414, 487]}, {"entity": "7 - hydroxy - 4 - methyl coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [498, 531]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structure elucidation was based on spectroscopic data analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 3 and 7 showed a moderate inhibition of urease activity , while rest of them showed less than 50 % inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds did not show any significant inhibition against alpha - chymotrypsin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active self - healing encapsulation of vaccine antigens in PLGA microspheres .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we describe the detailed development of a simple and effective method to microencapsulate vaccine antigens in poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid ) ( PLGA ) by simple mixing of preformed active self - microencapsulating ( SM ) PLGA microspheres in a low concentration aqueous antigen solution at modest temperature ( 10 - 38 degrees C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 155]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - encapsulating protein - sorbing vaccine adjuvants and polymer plasticizers were used to \" actively \" load the protein in the polymer pores and facilitate polymer self - healing at a temperature > the hydrated polymer glass transition temperature , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microsphere formulation parameters and loading conditions to provide optimal active self - healing microencapsulation of vaccine antigens in PLGA was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active self - healing encapsulation of two antigens , ovalbumin and tetanus toxoid ( TT ) , in PLGA microspheres was adjusted by preparing blank microspheres containing different vaccine adjuvants ( aluminum hydroxide ( Al ( OH ) 3 ) or calcium phosphate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "aluminum hydroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 217]}, {"entity": "Al ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "calcium phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active loading of vaccine antigen in Al ( OH ) 3 - PLGA microspheres was found to : a ) increase with an increasing loading of Al ( OH ) 3 ( 0 . 88 - 3 wt . % ) and addition of porosigen , b ) decrease when the inner Al ( OH ) 3 / trehalose phase to 1 mL outer oil phase and size of microspheres was respectively > 0 . 2 mL and 63 mu m , and c ) change negligibly by PLGA concentration and initial incubation ( loading ) temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Al ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Al ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "trehalose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 371]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulation of protein sorbing Al ( OH ) 3 in PLGA microspheres resulted in suppression of self - healing of PLGA pores , which was then overcome by improving polymer chain mobility , which in turn was accomplished by coincorporating hydrophobic plasticizers in PLGA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active self - healing microencapsulation of manufacturing process - labile TT in PLGA was found to : a ) obviate micronization - and organic solvent - induced TT degradation , b ) improve antigen loading ( 1 . 4 - 1 . 8 wt . % TT ) and encapsulation efficiency ( ~ 97 % ) , c ) provide nearly homogeneous distribution and stabilization of antigen in polymer , and d ) provide improved in vitro controlled release of antigenic TT .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Arachidonyl glycine does not activate G protein - coupled receptor 18 signaling via canonical pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Arachidonyl glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies propose that N - arachidonyl glycine ( NAGly ) , a carboxylic analogue of anandamide , is an endogenous ligand of the G alpha ( i / o ) protein - coupled receptor 18 ( GPR18 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - arachidonyl glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "NAGly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "carboxylic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "anandamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a high - throughput beta - arrestin - based screen failed to detect activation of GPR18 by NAGly ( Yin et al . , 2009 ; JBC , 18 : 12328 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAGly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this inconsistency , this study investigated GPR18 coupling in a native neuronal system with endogenous signaling pathways and effectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GPR18 was heterologously expressed in rat sympathetic neurons , and the modulation of N - type ( Ca ( v ) 2 . 2 ) calcium channels was examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 87]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proper expression and trafficking of receptor were confirmed by the \" rim - like \" fluorescence of fluorescently tagged receptor and the positive staining of external hemagglutinin - tagged GPR18 - expressing cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of NAGly on GPR18 - expressing neurons did not inhibit calcium currents but instead potentiated currents in a voltage - dependent manner , similar to what has previously been reported ( Guo et al . , 2008 ; J Neurophysiol , 100 : 1147 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAGly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other proposed agonists of GPR18 , including anandamide and abnormal cannabidiol , also failed to induce inhibition of calcium currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "anandamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "cannabidiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutants of GPR18 , designed to constitutively activate receptors , did not tonically inhibit calcium currents , indicating a lack of GPR18 activation or coupling to endogenous G proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other downstream effectors of G alpha ( i / o ) - coupled receptors , G protein - coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylate cyclase , were not modulated by GPR18 signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "adenylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , GPR18 did not couple to other G proteins tested : G alpha ( s ) , G alpha ( z ) , and G alpha ( 15 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest NAGly is not an agonist for GPR18 or that GPR18 signaling involves noncanonical pathways not examined in these studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAGly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of Korean red ginseng extracts on neural tube defects and impairment of social interaction induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginseng is one of the most widely used medicinal plants , which belongs to the genus Panax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to uncured white ginseng , red ginseng has been generally regarded to produce superior pharmacological effects with lesser side / adverse effects , which made it popular in a variety of formulation from tea to oriental medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the prenatal valproic acid ( VPA ) - injection model of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) in rats , which produces social impairrment and altered seizure susceptibility as in human ASD patients as well as mild neural tube defects like crooked tail phenotype , we examined whether chronic administration of red ginseng extract may rescue the social impairment and crooked tail phenotype in prenatally VPA - exposed rat offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [405, 408]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VPA - induced impairment in social interactions tested using sociability and social preference paradigms as well as crooked tail phenotypes were significantly improved by administration of Korean red ginseng ( KRG ) in a dose dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat offspring prenatally exposed to VPA showed higher sensitivity to electric shock seizure and increased locomotor activity in open - field test .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KRG treatment reversed abnormal locomotor activity and sensitivity to electric shock to control level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that KRG may modulate neurobehavioral and structural organization of nervous system adversely affected by prenatal exposure to VPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structure of human telomeric DNA complexed with berberine : an interesting case of stacked ligand to G - tetrad ratio higher than 1 : 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first crystal structure of human telomeric DNA in complex with the natural alkaloid berberine , produced by different plant families and used in folk medicine for millennia , was solved by X - ray diffraction method .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G - quadruplex unit features all - parallel strands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall folding assumed by DNA is the same found in previously reported crystal structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly to previously reported structures the ligand molecules were found to be stacked onto the external 5 ' and 3 ' - end G - tetrads .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the present crystal structure highlighted for the first time , the presence of two berberine molecules in the two binding sites , directly interacting with each tetrad .", "entity": [{"entity": "berberine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence , our structural data point out a 2 : 1 ligand to G - tetrad molar ratio , which has never been reported before in a telomeric intramolecular quadruplex structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic increases Pi - mediated vascular calcification and induces premature senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the vascular toxicity of arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of them are described in this work , such as stress - induced premature senescence ( SIPS ) , dedifferentiation , and medial vascular calcification , and they all affect vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat aortic VSMC were treated with 1 - 100 micro M of either sodium arsenate ( As ( V ) ) , sodium arsenite ( As ( III ) ) , monomethylarsonic acid , or dimethylarsinic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium arsenate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "As ( V )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "sodium arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "As ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "monomethylarsonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 146]}, {"entity": "dimethylarsinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the treatments induced VSMC calcification in the presence of 1mM inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) , but 1 micro M As ( III ) did increase calcification when induced with 2 . 5mM Pi .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "As ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed that this increase was explained by a rise in cytotoxicity due to simultaneous incubation with 1 micro M As ( III ) and 2 . 5mM Pi .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 9]}, {"entity": "As ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This calcification increase was also observed in the aortas of a vascular calcification model : 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats fed with a high Pi diet and treated with vitamin D ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several known mechanisms that might explain arsenic toxicity in our experimental model were discarded : apoptosis , oxidative stress , and inflammasome activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , both senescence - associated beta - galactosidase activity and p21 expression were increased by As ( III ) , which reveals the induction of SIPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "As ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As ( III ) also caused dedifferentiation of VSMC , as shown by the reduced expression of the VSMC markers SM22 alpha and calponin .", "entity": [{"entity": "As ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Senescence and gene expression were also observed in the aortas of healthy rats treated with 50 ppm As ( V ) in drinking water for 1 month .", "entity": [{"entity": "As ( V )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , both premature senescence in aortic VSMC with phenotypic dedifferentiation and the increase of Pi - induced calcification are novel mechanisms of arsenic vasculotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consideration of rat chronic progressive nephropathy in regulatory evaluations for carcinogenicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic progressive nephropathy ( CPN ) is a spontaneous renal disease of rats which can be a serious confounder in toxicology studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a progressive disease with known physiological factors that modify disease progression , such as high dietary protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weight of evidence supports an absence of a renal counterpart in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is extensive evidence that advanced CPN , particularly end - stage kidney , is a risk factor for development of a background incidence of atypical tubule hyperplasia and renal tubule tumors ( RTT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The likely cause underlying this association with tubule neoplasia is the long - term increased tubule cell proliferation that occurs throughout CPN progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a variety of chemicals are able to exacerbate CPN , there is a potential for those exacerbating the severity up to and including end - stage kidney to cause a marginal increase in RTT and their precursor lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive statistical analysis of National Toxicology Program studies shows a strong correlation between high - grade CPN , especially end - stage CPN , and renal tumor development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CPN as a mode of action ( MOA ) for rat RTT has received attention from regulatory authorities only recently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of toxic effects elsewhere , this does not constitute a carcinogenic effect of the chemical but can be addressed through a proposed MOA approach for regulatory purposes to reach a decision that RTT , developing as a result of CPN exacerbation in rats , have no relevance for human risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guidelines are proposed for evaluation of exacerbation of CPN and RTT as a valid MOA for a given chemical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential influences of ethanol on early exposure to racemic methylphenidate compared with dexmethylphenidate in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "dexmethylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enantioselective hydrolysis of oral racemic methylphenidate ( dl - MPH ) by carboxylesterase 1 ( CES1 ) limits the absolute bioavailability of the pharmacologically active d - MPH isomer to approximately 30 % and that of the inactive l - MPH to only 1 - 2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "racemic methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 59]}, {"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "l - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of dl - MPH with ethanol results in elevated d - MPH plasma concentrations accompanied by CES1 - mediated enantioselective transesterification of l - MPH to l - ethylphenidate ( EPH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "l - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "l - ethylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 192]}, {"entity": "EPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study tested the hypothesis that administration of the pure isomer dexmethylphenidate ( d - MPH ) will overcome the influence of ethanol on d - MPH absorption by eliminating competitive CES1 - mediated presystemic metabolism of l - MPH to l - EPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmethylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "l - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 247]}, {"entity": "l - EPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - four healthy volunteers received dl - MPH ( 0 . 3 mg / kg ) or d - MPH ( 0 . 15 mg / kg ) , with or without ethanol ( 0 . 6 g / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the absorption phase of dl - MPH , concomitant ethanol significantly elevated d - MPH plasma concentrations ( 44 - 99 % ; P < 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , immediately following the ethanol drink the subjective effects of \" high , \" \" good , \" \" like , \" \" stimulated , \" and overall \" effect \" were significantly potentiated ( P <= 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma l - EPH concentrations exceeded those of l - MPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - EPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "l - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol combined with pure d - MPH did not elevate plasma d - MPH concentrations during the absorption phase , and the ethanol - induced potentiation of subjective effects was delayed relative to dl - MPH - ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 204]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are consistent with l - MPH competitively inhibiting presystemic CES1 metabolism of d - MPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol increased the d - MPH area under the curve ( AUC ) ( 0 - inf ) by 21 % following dl - MPH ( P < 0 . 001 ) and 14 % for d - MPH ( P = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "dl - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In men receiving d - MPH - ethanol , the d - MPH absorption partial AUC ( 0 . 5 - 2 hours ) was 2 . 1 times greater and the time to maximum concentration ( T ( max ) ) occurred 1 . 1 hours earlier than in women , consistent with an increased rate of d - MPH absorption reducing hepatic extraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More rapid absorption of d - MPH carries implications for increased abuse liability .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution and diversity of Arsenophonus endosymbionts in aphids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endosymbiotic bacteria are important drivers of insect evolutionary ecology , acting both as partners that contribute to host adaptation and as subtle parasites that manipulate host reproduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , the genus Arsenophonus is emerging as one of the most widespread lineages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its biology is , however , entirely unknown in most cases , and it is therefore unclear how infections spread through insect populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we examine the incidence and evolutionary history of Arsenophonus in aphid populations from 86 species , characterizing the processes that shape their diversity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identify aphids as harbouring an important diversity of Arsenophonus strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present in 7 % of the sampled species , incidence was especially high in the Aphis genus with more than 31 % of the infected species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phylogenetic investigations revealed that these Arseno - phonus strains do not cluster within an aphid - specific clade but rather exhibit distinct evolutionary origins showing that they undergo repeated horizontal transfers ( HT ) between distantly related host species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their diversity pattern strongly suggests that ecological interactions , such as plant mediation and parasitism , are major drivers for Arsenophonus dispersal , dictating global incidence across insect communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , plants hosting aphids may be important ecological arenas for global exchange of Arsenophonus , serving as reservoirs for HT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methotrexate - conjugated and hyperbranched polyglycerol - grafted Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles for targeted anticancer effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "polyglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superparamagnetic nanoparticles grafted with hyperbranched polyglycerol ( HPG ) and conjugated with methotrexate ( MTX ) ( MNP - g - HPG - MTX ) were synthesized via a sol - gel reaction followed by thiol - ene click chemistry and esterification reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "thiol - ene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successful grafting of MTX and HPG onto the nanoparticles was confirmed by X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) , Fourier transform infrared ( FT - IR ) spectroscopy , and UV - visible spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPG - graft layer confers the magnetic nanoparticles with good dispersibility and stability in aqueous medium and macrophage - evasive property while the MTX acts as a chemotherapeutic drug as well as a tumor targeting ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose - dependent targeting and anticancer effect of the MNP - g - HPG - MTX nanoparticles were evaluated , and the results showed that depending on the amount of conjugated MTX and the concentration of the incubated nanoparticles , the uptake of MNP - g - HPG - MTX nanoparticles by human head and neck cancer ( KB ) cells can be eight times or more higher than those by 3T3 fibroblasts and RAW macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 180]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the MNP - g - HPG - MTX nanoparticles are capable of killing ~ 50 % of the KB cells while at the same time exhibiting low cytotoxicity towards 3T3 fibroblasts and RAW macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , such nanoparticles can potentially be used as active targeting anticancer agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoting effect of polysaccharide isolated from Mori fructus on dendritic cell maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maturation of dendritic cells ( DCs ) is usually attenuated in the tumor microenvironment , which is an important immunological problem in DC - based immunotherapy of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we report the effect of a Mori fructus polysaccharide ( MFP ) on DC maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFP was treated to DCs generated from mouse BM cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFP induced phenotypic maturation of DCs , as proven by the increased expression of CD40 , CD80 / 86 , and MHC - I / II molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFP induced functional maturation of DCs , in that MFP increased the expression of IL - 12 , IL - 1 beta , TNF - alpha , and IFN - beta , decreased antigen capture capacity , and enhanced allogenic T cell stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFP efficiently induced maturation of DCs from C3H / HeN mice having normal toll - like receptor4 ( TLR4 ) , but not DCs from C3H / HeJ mice having mutated TLR4 , suggesting that TLR4 might be one of the membrane receptors of MFP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a mechanism of action , MFP increased phosphorylation of mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPKs ) , and nuclear translocation of NF - kappa B p65 subunit , which were important signal molecules downstream from TLR4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that MFP induces DC maturation through TLR4 and MFP can be used as an adjuvant in DC - based cancer immunotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothalamus - adipose axis is a key target of developmental programming by maternal nutritional manipulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiological studies initially demonstrated that maternal undernutrition leading to low birth weight may predispose for energy balance disorders throughout life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High birth weight due to maternal obesity or diabetes , inappropriate early post - natal nutrition and rapid catch - up growth may also sensitise to increased risk of obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As stated by the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease concept , the perinatal perturbation of foetus / neonate nutrient supply might be a crucial determinant of individual programming of body weight set point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothalamus - adipose axis plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of energy homoeostasis controlling the nutritional status and energy storage level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The perinatal period largely corresponds to the period of brain maturation , neuronal differentiation and active adipogenesis in rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous dams and / or foetus / neonate dietary manipulation models were developed to investigate the mechanisms underlying perinatal programming in rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These models showed several common offspring hypothalamic consequences such as impaired neurogenesis , neuronal functionality , nuclei structural organisation and feeding circuitry hardwiring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alterations led to a persistent reprogrammed appetite system that favoured the orexigenic pathways , leptin / insulin resistance and hyperphagia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired hypothalamic sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue and / or reduced innervation may also account for modified fat cell metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , enhanced adipogenesis and / or lipogenesis capacities may predispose the offspring to fat accumulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal hypothalamus - adipose axis circadian rhythms were also evidenced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review mainly focuses on studies in rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It highlights hormonal and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for long - lasting programming of energy balance in the offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary supplementation may provide a therapeutic option using a specific regimen for reversing adverse programming outcomes in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - area fabrication of periodic sub - 15 nm - width single - layer graphene nanorings .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A periodically aligned array of graphene nanorings ( GRNRs ) with a sub - 15 nm linewidth at a pitch of 450 nm is fabricated with a large area , 9 cm ( 2 ) , through conventional nanoimprint lithography coupled with sophisticated metal deposition and plasma - etching processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of the single - layer GRNRs is verified by various techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flexible and stretchable polymers with embedded magnetic nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel pathway is presented to transfer and embed functional patterned magnetic nanostructures into flexible and stretchable polymeric membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The geometrical and magnetic properties are maintained through the process , realized even directly inside a microfluidic channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results pave the way to the realization of smart biomedical systems and devices based on the integration of magnetic nanostructures into new classes of substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sclerostin antibody inhibits skeletal deterioration due to reduced mechanical loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sclerostin , a product of the SOST gene produced mainly by osteocytes , is a potent negative regulator of bone formation that appears to be responsive to mechanical loading , with SOST expression increasing following mechanical unloading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the ability of a murine sclerostin antibody ( SclAbII ) to prevent bone loss in adult mice subjected to hindlimb unloading ( HLU ) via tail suspension for 21 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice ( n = 11 - 17 / group ) were assigned to control ( CON , normal weight bearing ) or HLU and injected with either SclAbII ( subcutaneously , 25 mg / kg ) or vehicle ( VEH ) twice weekly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SclAbII completely inhibited the bone deterioration due to disuse , and induced bone formation such that bone properties in HLU - SclAbII were at or above values of CON - VEH mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , hindlimb bone mineral density ( BMD ) decreased - 9 . 2 % +/- 1 . 0 % in HLU - VEH , whereas it increased 4 . 2 % +/- 0 . 7 % , 13 . 1 % +/- 1 . 0 % , and 30 . 6 % +/- 3 . 0 % in CON - VEH , HLU - SclAbII , and CON - SclAbII , respectively ( p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trabecular bone volume , assessed by micro - computed tomography ( micro CT ) imaging of the distal femur , was lower in HLU - VEH versus CON - VEH ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and was 2 - to 3 - fold higher in SclAbII groups versus VEH ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Midshaft femoral strength , assessed by three - point bending , and distal femoral strength , assessed by micro - finite element analysis ( micro FEA ) , were significantly higher in SclAbII versus VEH - groups in both loading conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum sclerostin was higher in HLU - VEH ( 134 +/- 5 pg / mL ) compared to CON - VEH ( 116 +/- 6 pg / mL , p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum osteocalcin was decreased by hindlimb suspension and increased by SclAbII treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the anabolic effects of sclerostin inhibition on some bone outcomes appeared to be enhanced by normal mechanical loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , these results confirm the ability of SclAbII to abrogate disuse - induced bone loss and demonstrate that sclerostin antibody treatment increases bone mass by increasing bone formation in both normally loaded and underloaded environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of bisphenol A on growth and nitrogen nutrition of roots of soybean seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is an environmental endocrine disruptor that seriously threatens ecological systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plants are the primary producers in ecological systems , but little information is available concerning the toxic effect of BPA on plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the effects of BPA on the growth and nitrogen nutrition of roots of soybean seedlings were investigated by using a root automatic scan apparatus and biochemical methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that when soybean seedlings were treated with 1 . 5 mg / L BPA , the growth of roots was improved , the content of nitrate in roots was increased , the content of ammonium in roots was decreased , and the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in roots were not changed .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 239]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opposite effects were observed in roots treated with 17 . 2 mg / L and 50 . 0 mg / L BPA , except for an increase in the content of nitrate in roots treated with 17 . 2 mg / L BPA and a decrease in the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in roots of soybeans seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 227]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis indicated that the change in the nitrogen nutrition of roots of soybean seedlings treated with BPA was one reason why the growth of roots was changed .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors suggest that the potential environmental and ecological risk of BPA to plants should receive more consideration .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piccolo NuA4 - catalyzed acetylation of nucleosomal histones : critical roles of an Esa1 Tudor / chromo barrel loop and an Epl1 enhancer of polycomb A ( EPcA ) basic region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piccolo NuA4 is an essential yeast histone acetyltransferase ( HAT ) complex that targets histones H4 and H2A in nucleosome substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While Piccolo NuA4 ' s catalytic subunit Esa1 alone is unable to acetylate nucleosomal histones , its accessory subunits , Yng2 and Epl1 , enable Esa1 to bind to and to act on nucleosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously determined that the Tudor domain of Esa1 and the EPcA homology domain of Epl1 play critical roles in Piccolo NuA4 ' s ability to act on the nucleosome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we pinpoint a loop within the Esa1 Tudor domain and a short basic region at the N terminus of the Epl1 EPcA domain as necessary for this nucleosomal HAT activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that this Esa1 Tudor domain loop region is positioned close to nucleosomal DNA and that the Epl1 EPcA basic region is in proximity to the N - terminal histone H2A tail , the globular region of histone H4 , and also to nucleosomal DNA when Piccolo NuA4 interacts with the nucleosome .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since neither region identified is required for Piccolo NuA4 to bind to nucleosomes and yet both are needed to acetylate nucleosomes , these regions may function after the enzyme binds nucleosomes to disengage substrate histone tails from nucleosomal DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly predictive ligand - based pharmacophore and homology models of ABHD6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha / beta - Hydrolase domain - containing 6 ( ABHD6 ) represents a potentially attractive therapeutic target for indirectly potentiating 2 - arachidonoylglycerol signaling ; however , the enzyme is currently largely uncharacterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - arachidonoylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe a five element , ligand - based pharmacophore model along with a refined homology model of ABHD6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following a virtual screen of a modest database , both the pharmacophore and homology models were found to be highly predictive , preferentially identifying ABHD6 inhibitors over drug - like non - inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The models yield insight into the features required for optimal ligand binding to ABHD6 and the atomic structure of the binding site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination , the two models should be very helpful not only in high - throughput virtual screening , but also in lead optimization , and will facilitate the development of novel , selective ABHD6 inhibitors as potential drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toosendanin induces apoptosis through suppression of JNK signaling pathway in HL - 60 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toosendanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toosendanin ( TSN ) , a triterpenoid isolated from Melia toosendan Sieb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toosendanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "et Zucc . , has been found to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism how TSN induces apoptosis remains poorly understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we examined the effects of TSN on the growth , cell cycle arrest , induction of apoptosis and the involved signaling pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia HL - 60 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proliferation of HL - 60 cells was inhibited in a dose - dependent manner with the IC ( 50 ( 48 h ) ) of 28 ng / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth inhibition was due primarily to the S phase arrest and cell apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell apoptosis induced by TSN was confirmed by Annexin V - FITC / propidium iodide staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "propidium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase of the pro - apoptotic protein Bax , cleaved PARP and caspase - 3 , and the decrease of anti - apoptotic protein Bcl - 2 were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis indicated that TSN inhibits the CDC42 / MEKK1 / JNK pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our study suggested , for the first time , that the pro - apoptotic effects of TSN on HL - 60 cells were mediated through JNK signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Griseofulvin inhibits the growth of adrenocortical cancer cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supernumerary centrosomes and aneuploidy are associated with a malignant phenotype of tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centrosomal clustering is a mechanism used by cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes to solve the threatening problem of multipolar spindles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Griseofulvin is an antifungal substance that interferes with the microtubule apparatus and inhibits centrosomal clustering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been demonstrated that griseofulvin inhibits the growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is not yet known whether treatment with griseofulvin inhibits growth of adrenocortical tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the viability and antiproliferative effects of griseofulvin on cultured NCI - H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells using Wst - 1 - , BrdUrd - , and [ 3H ] - thymidine assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Wst - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "BrdUrd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "[ 3H ] - thymidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the detection of apoptosis we used a caspase 3 / 7 cleavage assay and light microscopy techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that incubation with griseofulvin for 24 - 48 h leads to a decrease in the viability and proliferation of NCI - H295R cells in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant effects could be observed after incubation with griseofulvin as measured by Wst - 1 - , BrdUrd - , and [ 3H ] dT - uptake assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Wst - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "BrdUrd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "[ 3H ] dT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis of NCI - H295R cells was increased in a dose - dependent manner up to 4 . 5 - fold after incubation with griseofulvin 40 mu M for 24 h as shown by caspase 3 / 7 cleavage assay and light microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With regard to new treatment strategies for adrenocortical cancer , griseofulvin , and possibly other agents , which interfere with the microtubule apparatus and inhibit centrosomal clustering , may turn out to be interesting targets for further research .", "entity": [{"entity": "griseofulvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nano - titanium dioxide induces genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line , A549 .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased inhaled application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles ( TiO ( 2 ) NPs ) increases the potential pulmonary health risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present investigations were carried out to study the TiO ( 2 ) NPs - induced apoptosis , oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line , A549 , a widely used cell system for pulmonary toxicity studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tetrazolium bromide salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to study the cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tetrazolium bromide salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genotoxicity studies were carried out using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis was confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies and altered expression ( messenger RNA ( mRNA ) and protein ) of markers such as P ( 53 ) , P ( 21 ) , Bax , Bcl ( 2 ) and cleaved caspase - 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells exposed to TiO ( 2 ) NPs ( 10 and 50 mu g / ml ) for 6 - 24 h shows significant induction in oxidative stress , that is , the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and decrease in the activity of catalase and glutathione .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TiO ( 2 ) NPs exposure also induces the formation of apoptotic bodies and micronucleus as marker of genotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant up - regulation in the expression of apoptosis markers such as P ( 53 ) , P ( 21 ) and cleaved caspase - 3 was observed , while the levels were down - regulated for Bcl ( 2 ) at both mRNA and protein levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TiO ( 2 ) NPs exposure could not pose significant effects on Bax expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data indicate that nano - TiO ( 2 ) induces oxidative stress , genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line , A549 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our result also identifies the mechanisms involved in TiO ( 2 ) NP - induced changes in A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perhaps , reporting for the first time , the association of TiO ( 2 ) NPs - induced genotoxicity and apoptosis at transcriptional and translational level in the human lung cancer cell line , A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antinociceptive effects of nicotinic receptors alpha 7 - positive allosteric modulators in murine acute and tonic pain models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) subtype is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and in the periphery .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence suggests that alpha 7 nAChR subtypes , which can be activated by an endogenous cholinergic tone , comprising acetylcholine and the alpha 7 nAChR agonist choline , play an important role in subchronic pain and inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study ' s objective was to test whether alpha 7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators ( PAMs ) produce antinociception in in vivo mouse models of acute and persistent pain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testing type I [ N - ( 5 - chloro - 2 - hydroxyphenyl ) - N ' - [ 2 - chloro - 5 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl ] ( NS1738 ) ] and type II [ 1 - ( 5 - chloro - 2 , 4 - dimethoxy - phenyl ) - 3 - ( 5 - methyl - isoxazol - 3 - yl ) ( PNU - 120596 ) ] alpha 7 nAChR PAMs in acute and persistent pain , we found that , although neither reduced acute thermal pain , only PNU - 120596 dose - dependently attenuated paw - licking behavior in the formalin test .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( 5 - chloro - 2 - hydroxyphenyl ) - N ' - [ 2 - chloro - 5 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 109]}, {"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "1 - ( 5 - chloro - 2 , 4 - dimethoxy - phenyl ) - 3 - ( 5 - methyl - isoxazol - 3 - yl )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 227]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 242]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [364, 376]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [437, 445]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long - acting effect of PNU - 120596 in this test was in discordance with its pharmacokinetic profile in mice , which suggests the involvement of postreceptor signaling mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results with selective mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor 1 , 4 - diamino - 2 , 3 - dicyano - 1 , 4 - bis ( o - aminophenylmercapto ) butadiene monoethanolate ( U0126 ) argues for an important role of extracellular signal - regulated kinase - 1 / 2 pathways activation in PNU - 120596 ' s antinociceptive effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 - diamino - 2 , 3 - dicyano - 1 , 4 - bis ( o - aminophenylmercapto ) butadiene monoethanolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 179]}, {"entity": "U0126", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alpha 7 antagonist MLA , administered intrathecally , reversed PNU - 120596 ' s effects , confirming PNU - 120596 ' s action , in part , through central alpha 7 nAChRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , tolerance to PNU - 120596 was not developed after subchronic treatment of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , PNU - 120596 ' s antinociceptive effects were blocked by NS1738 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that type II alpha 7 nAChR PAM PNU - 120596 , but not type I alpha 7 nAChR PAM NS1738 , shows significant antinociception effects in persistent pain models in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "NS1738", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cyclometallated iridium ( III ) complex as a c - myc G - quadruplex stabilizer and down - regulator of c - myc oncogene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclometallated iridium ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new cyclometallated iridium ( III ) complex with the 2 , 2 ' - biquinoline N - donor ligand has been synthesized and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclometallated iridium ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - biquinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction and affinity of the complex towards c - myc G - quadruplex and duplex DNA have been investigated using UV / Vis spectroscopy and gel mobility shift assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies revealed that complex 1 binds to c - myc G - quadruplexes ( Pu22 and Pu27 ) with high affinity but does not interact with duplex DNA either by intercalation or groove binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of 1 to stabilize c - myc G - quadruplex DNA in vitro has also been examined through a PCR stop assay and a cell - based luciferase reporter assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex 1 displays promising cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line with sub - micromolar potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platycodin D attenuates bile duct ligation - induced hepatic injury and fibrosis in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platycodin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platycodin D ( PD ) is the major triterpene saponin in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platycodin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of PD on bile duct ligation ( BDL ) - induced cholestasis in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were allocated to five groups : sham , BDL alone , and BDL with PD treatment at 1 , 2 , and 4mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PD was administered to the mice for 28 consecutive days after the BDL operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PD treatment of BDL - operated mice decreased serum alanine aminotransferase , serum aspartate aminotransferase , and total bilirubin levels by up to 37 % , 31 % , and 41 % , respectively , in comparison with the levels in mice that underwent BDL alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PD treatment attenuated oxidative stress , as evidenced by an increase in anti - oxidative enzyme levels glutathione and superoxide dismutase together with a decrease in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress indices levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 243]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological studies further confirmed the protective effects of PD on cholestasis - induced hepatic injury and liver fibrosis in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , nuclear factor - kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels significantly decreased after PD treatment , as did the levels of hepatocyte apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results suggest that PD treatment might be beneficial in cholestasis - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrine disruptive potential of endosulfan on the reproductive axis of Cichlasoma dimerus ( Perciformes , Cichlidae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endosulfan ( ES ) , a persistent organochlorine pesticide , is widely used despite its toxicity to non - target animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon reaching water bodies , ES can cause negative effects on aquatic animals , including disruption of hormonal systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the action of ES on fish reproductive axis has been hardly studied thus far .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present work was to assess the endocrine disruptive potential of endosulfan on the pituitary gonadotropins levels and on the testes function due to ES in the South American freshwater fish Cichlasoma dimerus , using in vitro and in vivo approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro experiments showed that ES inhibited the LH - stimulated steroidogenesis in gonads ; no change was observed in gonadotropins release from pituitaries in culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laboratory waterborne ES ( 0 . 1 , 0 . 3 and 1 mu g / L ) exposure for two months caused decrease in beta FSH pituitary content and gamma GT activity in the testes ( Sertoli cell function marker ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testicular histology revealed pathologies such as scarce intermediate stages of spermatogenesis , release of immature germ cells into the lobular lumen , presence of foam cells and interstitial fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As FSH and FSH - mediated steroidogenesis regulate spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function , the effect of ES on FSH could be responsible for the morphological alterations observed in testes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , ES disrupted steroidogenesis in gonads , therefore similar effects in vivo cannot be ruled out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on this evidence , ES exhibits an endocrine disruptive action on the reproductive axis of C . dimerus , causing disruption at the pituitary and / or at the gonad level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects could acquire ecological significance under prolonged exposure to the pesticide in nature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiarrhythmic effects of ( - ) - epicatechin - 3 - gallate , a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - epicatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 59]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( - ) - Epicatechin - 3 - gallate ( ECG ) , a polyphenol extracted from green tea , has been proposed as an effective compound for improving cardiac contractility .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - Epicatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the therapeutic potential of ECG on the treatment of arrhythmia remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte ( NRVM ) , which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using the whole - cell patch - clamp configurations , we found ECG enhanced the slowly inactivating component of voltage - gated Na ( + ) currents ( I ( Na ) ) in a concentration - dependent manner ( 0 . 1 - 100 mu M ) with an EC ( 50 ) value of 3 . 8 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ECG not only shifted the current - voltage relationship of peak I ( Na ) to the hyperpolarizing direction but also accelerated I ( Na ) recovery kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Working at a concentration level of I ( Na ) enhancement , ECG has no notable effect on voltage - gated K ( + ) currents and L - type Ca ( 2 + ) currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With culture time increment , the firing rate of spontaneous action potential ( sAP ) in NRVMs was gradually decreased until spontaneous early after - depolarization ( EAD ) was observed after about one week culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ECG increased the firing rate of normal sAP about two - fold without waveform alteration .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the bradycardia - dependent EAD could be significantly restored by ECG in fast firing rate to normal sAP waveform .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of dominant cardiac sodium channel subunit , Nav1 . 5 , was consistently detected throughout the culture periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results reveal how ECG , the novel I ( Na ) agonist , may act as a promising candidate in clinical applications on cardiac arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "ECG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase and agrin : Different functions , similar expression patterns , multiple roles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) and agrin play unique functional roles in the neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AChE is a cholinergic and agrin a synaptogenetic component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of their different functions , they share several common features : their targeting is determined by alternative splicing ; unlike most other NMJ components they are expressed in both , muscle and motor neuron and both reside on the synaptic basal lamina of the NMJ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , both were reported to play various nonjunctional roles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , while the origin of basal lamina bound agrin is undoubtedly neural , the neural origin of AChE , which is anchored to the basal lamina with collagenic tail ColQ , is elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothesizing that motor neuron proteins targeted to the NMJ basal lamina share common temporal pattern of expression , which is coordinated with the formation of basal lamina , we compared expression of agrin isoforms with the expression of AChE - T and ColQ in the developing rat spinal cord at the stages before and after the formation of NMJ basal lamina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular origin of AChE - T and agrin was determined by in situ hybridization and their quantitative levels by RT PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found parallel increase in expression of the synaptogenetic ( agrin 8 ) isoform of agrin and ColQ after the formation of basal lamina supporting the view that ColQ bound AChE and agrin 8 isoform are destined to the basal lamina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalytic AChE - T subunit and agrin isoforms 19 and 0 followed different expression patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with the reports of other authors , our investigations also revealed various alternative functions for AChE and agrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have already demonstrated participation of AChE in myoblast apoptosis ; here we present the evidence that agrin promotes the maturation of heavy myosin chains and the excitation - contraction coupling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that common features of AChE and agrin extend to their capacity to play multiple roles in muscle development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium / iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testicular cancer is the most frequent cancer in young men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The large majority of patients have a good prognosis , but in a small group of tumors , the current treatments are not effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioiodine is routinely used in the treatment of thyroid cancer and is currently investigated as a potential therapeutic tool even for extra - thyroid tumors able to concentrate this radioisotope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of Na ( + ) / I ( - ) symporter ( NIS ( SLC5A5 ) ) , the glycoprotein responsible for iodide transport , has been demonstrated in normal testicular tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "I ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we analyzed NIS expression in a large series of testicular carcinomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our retrospective series included 107 patients operated for testicular tumors : 98 typical seminomas , six embryonal carcinomas , one mixed embryonal choriocarcinoma , and two Leydig cells tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression and regulation of NIS mRNA and protein levels were also investigated in human embryonal testicular carcinoma cells ( NTERA ) by real - time RT - PCR and western blotting respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of NIS in the large majority of seminomas ( 90 / 98 ) and embryonal carcinomas ( 5 / 7 ) of the testis but not in Leydig cell carcinomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of NIS protein was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In NTERA cells treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitors SAHA and valproic acid , a significant increase in NIS mRNA ( about 60 - and 30 - fold vs control , P < 0 . 001 and P < 0 . 01 respectively ) and protein levels , resulting in enhanced ability to uptake radioiodine , was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , NIS expression in testicular tumors with the more aggressive behavior is of interest for the potential use of targeting NIS to deliver radioiodine in malignant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the relationship between sex , polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 , and pharmacokinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs ) are used to treat hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most ARBs are metabolized by CYP2C9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between sex , polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genes , and the pharmacokinetics of losartan , valsartan , candesartan , and telmisartan .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "candesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study population comprised 246 healthy volunteers from seven single - dose clinical trials : 64 from two candesartan studies , 43 from a telmisartan study , 36 from a losartan study , and 103 from three valsartan studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "candesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA was extracted from blood samples and single - nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 ( CYP2C8 * 2 , CYP2C8 * 3 , CYP2C8 * 4 , CYP2C8 * 5 ) and CYP2C9 ( CYP2C9 * 2 , CYP2C9 * 3 ) genes were evaluated using real - time polymerase chain reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex only affected telmisartan pharmacokinetics , since women showed a higher telmisartan C ( max ) than men ( 590 . 5 +/- 75 . 8 ng / ml versus 282 . 1 +/- 30 . 8 ng / ml ; P <= 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP2C9 variants were associated only with losartan pharmacokinetics : the half - life of losartan was higher in CYP2C9 * 3 allele carriers ( 3 . 1 +/- 0 . 4 hours ) than in volunteers with the wild - type genotype ( 2 . 3 +/- 0 . 1 hours ) ( P <= 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP2C8 polymorphisms were associated only with valsartan pharmacokinetics , since * 2 allele carriers showed faster clearance ( 1 . 07 +/- 0 . 57 l / h . kg ) than those with the wild - type genotype ( 0 . 48 +/- 0 . 72 l / h . kg ; P <= 0 . 01 ) and carriers of the * 3 allele ( 0 . 35 +/- 0 . 49 l / h . kg ; P <= 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that genotypes for CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 are relevant to the pharmacokinetics of losartan and valsartan , respectively , but not the pharmacokinetics of candesartan or telmisartan .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "candesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 182]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SpliceAid - F : a database of human splicing factors and their RNA - binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comprehensive knowledge of all the factors involved in splicing , both proteins and RNAs , and of their interaction network is crucial for reaching a better understanding of this process and its functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large part of relevant information is buried in the literature or collected in various different databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By hand - curated screenings of literature and databases , we retrieved experimentally validated data on 71 human RNA - binding splicing regulatory proteins and organized them into a database called ' SpliceAid - F ' ( http : / / www . caspur . it / SpliceAidF / ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For each splicing factor ( SF ) , the database reports its functional domains , its protein and chemical interactors and its expression data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we collected experimentally validated RNA - SF interactions , including relevant information on the RNA - binding sites , such as the genes where these sites lie , their genomic coordinates , the splicing effects , the experimental procedures used , as well as the corresponding bibliographic references .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also collected information from experiments showing no RNA - SF binding , at least in the assayed conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , SpliceAid - F contains 4227 interactions , 2590 RNA - binding sites and 1141 ' no - binding ' sites , including information on cellular contexts and conditions where binding was tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data collected in SpliceAid - F can provide significant information to explain an observed splicing pattern as well as the effect of mutations in functional regulatory elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites in fermenting wheat straight - dough reveals succinic acid as pH - determining factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fermenting yeast does not merely cause dough leavening , but also contributes to the bread aroma and might alter dough rheology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the yeast carbon metabolism was mapped during bread straight - dough fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of most metabolites changed quasi linearly as a function of fermentation time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol and carbon dioxide concentrations reached up to 60 mmol / 100g flour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , high levels of glycerol ( up to 10 mmol / 100g flour ) and succinic acid ( up to 1 . 6 mmol / 100g flour ) were produced during dough fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "succinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further tests showed that , contrary to current belief , the pH decrease in fermenting dough is primarily caused by the production of succinic acid by the yeast instead of carbon dioxide dissolution or bacterial organic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our results provide a comprehensive overview of metabolite production during dough fermentation and yield insight into the importance of some of these metabolites for dough properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparative separation and purification of sulforaphene from radish seeds by high - speed countercurrent chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulforaphene , a kind of isothiocyanates , derived from glucoraphenin which is the important ingredient of radish ( Raphanus sativus L . ) seeds , has shown significant pharmacological activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "isothiocyanates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "glucoraphenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , the separation and purification of sulforaphene from radish seeds , was achieved by high - speed countercurrent chromatography ( HSCCC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A two - phase solvent system consisted of n - hexane - ethyl acetate - methanol - water ( 35 : 100 : 35 : 100 , v / v / v / v ) was applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revolution speed of the separation column , flow rate of the mobile phase and separation temperature were 800 rpm , 2 ml / min and 30 degrees C , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From about 1000 mg amount of the crude plant extract , 249 . 4 mg of pure sulforaphene was obtained by one - step separation on a 280 ml HSCCC column .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified sulforaphene was at a high purity of 96 . 9 % and the mass recovery was more than 95 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purity of sulforaphene was determined by HPLC analysis and its chemical structure was assessed by MS , ( 1 ) H NMR , ( 13 ) C NMR and DEPT - 135 NMR .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separation and quantification of water buffalo milk protein fractions and genetic variants by RP - HPLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A RP - HPLC method , developed for the separation and quantification of the most common genetic variants of bovine milk proteins , was successfully applied to the analysis of water buffalo milk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the most common buffalo casein and whey proteins fractions , as well as their genetic variants , were detected and separated simultaneously in 40 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purified buffalo proteins were used as calibration standards and a total of 536 individual milk samples were analysed for protein composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha ( S1 ) - , alpha ( S2 ) - , beta gamma - , and kappa - casein were 32 . 2 % , 15 . 8 % , 36 . 5 % , and 15 . 5 % , respectively , of total casein content , whereas content of beta - Lactoglobulin was approximately 1 . 3 times as high as that of alpha - Lactalbumin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of a polymorphism of kappa - casein was demonstrated in Mediterranean water buffalo and alpha ( S1 ) - and kappa - casein genetic variants were successfully detected by RP - HPLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead and cadmium concentrations in goat , cow , sheep , and buffalo milks from different regions of Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 137 goat , cow , sheep , and buffalo milk samples were collected in different regions of Iran and analysed to determine concentrations of lead and cadmium by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean recovery of the analytical method was 96 . 3 % and 104 % for cadmium and lead , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean lead and cadmium contents obtained from 137 samples were 1 . 93 +/- 1 . 48 ( range : 0 . 18 - 6 . 11 ng / ml ) and 9 . 51 +/- 4 . 93 ng / ml ( range : 1 . 84 ng / ml - 30 . 50 ng / ml ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead concentration in 8 . 1 % of sheep and 1 . 9 % of cow milk samples was higher than the newly established Codex standard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean concentrations of cadmium and lead in animals aged <= 3 years ( n = 80 ; 1 . 40 +/- 1 . 05 ng / ml and 7 . 91 +/- 3 . 60 ng / ml , respectively ) were lower than in animals aged > 3 years ( n = 58 ; 2 . 69 +/- 1 . 67 ng / ml and 11 . 8 +/- 5 . 71 ng / ml , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification and characterization of membrane - bound polyphenoloxidase ( mPPO ) from Snake fruit [ Salacca zalacca ( Gaertn . ) Voss ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane - bound polyphenoloxidase ( mPPO ) an oxidative enzyme which is responsible for the undesirable browning reaction in Snake fruit ( Salacca zalacca ( Gaertn . ) Voss ) was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme was extracted using a non - ionic detergent ( Triton X - 114 ) , followed by temperature - induced phase partitioning technique which resulted in two separate layers ( detergent - poor phase at the upper layer and detergent - rich phase at the lower layer ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triton X - 114", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The upper detergent - poor phase extract was subsequently fractionated by 40 - 80 % ammonium sulfate and chromatographed on HiTrap Phenyl Sepharose and Superdex 200 HR 10 / 30 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mPPO was purified to 14 . 1 folds with a recovery of 12 . 35 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single prominent protein band appeared on native - PAGE and SDS - PAGE implying that the mPPO is a monomeric protein with estimated molecular weight of 38kDa .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization study showed that mPPO from Snake fruit was optimally active at pH 6 . 5 , temperature 30 degrees C and active towards diphenols as substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The K ( m ) and V ( max ) values were calculated to be 5 . 46 mM and 0 . 98 U / ml / min , respectively , when catechol was used as substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the chemical inhibitors tested , l - cysteine showed the best inhibitory effect , with an IC ( 50 ) of 1 . 3 +/- 0 . 002 mM followed by ascorbic acid ( 1 . 5 +/- 0 . 06 mM ) , glutathione ( 1 . 5 +/- 0 . 07 mM ) , EDTA ( 100 +/- 0 . 02 mM ) and citric acid ( 186 +/- 0 . 16 mM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 155]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 224]}, {"entity": "citric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toona sinensis and its major bioactive compound gallic acid inhibit LPS - induced inflammation in nuclear factor - kappa B transgenic mice as evaluated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated the anti - inflammatory effects of a nutritious vegetable Toona sinensis ( leaf extracts , TS ) and its major bioactive compound gallic acid ( GA ) by analysing LPS - induced NF - kappa B activation in transgenic mice , using bioluminescence imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS ( 1mg / kg ) and treated orally with TS or GA ( 100 or 5mg / kg , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that LPS increased NF - kappa B luminescence in the abdominal region , which was significantly inhibited by TS or GA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses confirmed that TS and GA inhibited LPS - induced NF - kappa B , interleukin - 1 beta , and tumour necrosis factor - alpha expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarray analysis revealed that biological pathways associated with metabolism and the immune responses were affected by TS or GA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , LPS - induced thioredoxin - like 4B ( TXNL4B ) 2 expression in the small intestine , and TXNL4B , iNOS , and COX - 2 expression in RAW 264 . 7 cells were significantly inhibited by TS or GA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the anti - inflammatory potential of TS was mediated by the downregulation of NF - kappa B pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPLC confirmatory method development for the determination of seven quinolones in salmon tissue ( Salmo salar L . ) validated according to the European Union Decision 2002 / 657 / EC .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A confirmatory high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of seven quinolone antibiotics in tissue of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ciprofloxacin ( CIP ) , danofloxacin ( DAN ) , enrofloxacin ( ENR ) , sarafloxacin ( SAR ) , oxolinic acid ( OXO ) , nalidixic acid ( NAL ) and flumequine ( FLU ) were separated on a Perfectsil ODS - 2 120 ( 250 mm x 4 mm , 5 mu m ) column by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0 . 1 % trifluoroacetic acid ( pH = 1 ) , acetonitrile and methanol at 25 degrees C within 22 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "CIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "danofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "DAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "enrofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "ENR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "sarafloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "SAR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "oxolinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "OXO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "nalidixic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "NAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "flumequine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "trifluoroacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 322]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [336, 348]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [353, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analytes were monitored at 255 nm ( for the determination of OXO , NAL and FLU ) and 275 nm ( for CIP , DAN , ENR and SAR ) by means of photodiode array detector .", "entity": [{"entity": "OXO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "NAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "CIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "DAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "ENR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "SAR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examined quinolones were isolated from salmon tissue by extraction with citrate buffer solution ( pH = 4 . 7 ) and purified by solid phase extraction using Oasis HLB ( 200mg / 6 mL ) cartridges .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity , linearity , accuracy , precision , stability and sensitivity according to the European Union Decision 2002 / 657 / EC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of the method was additionally proved by its application to certified reference material of salmon tissue ( BCR (R) 725 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical analysis and anti - inflammatory comparison of the cell culture of Glycyrrhiza with its field cultivated variety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suspended cells of Glycyrrhiza ( CG ) possessed a similar content of flavonoids and a lower content of triterpenes , when compared with its field cultivated equivalent ( NG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "triterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xylene - induced ear oedema and ovalbumin - induced mouse paw oedema were applied , to compare the effects of CG and NG on the acute inflammatory response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracts of the cell culture of Glycyrrhiza possessed a similar anti - inflammatory effect to those of NG , through the enhancement of the SOD activity of plasma and liver tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of a cell culture of liquorice instead of field cultivation would be potentially profitable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiproliferative and immunoactivatory ability of an enzymatic extract from rice bran .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The validation of natural products as source of functional foods or nutraceuticals has become an important issue in current health research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the present work has tested on MOLT - 4 cells ( human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemic ) the antiproliferative effect of a water - soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran ( EERB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present work shows that EERB induces cellular death in MOLT - 4 cells in a dose - dependent way ( 0 - 10mg / mL ) but not in non - tumoral lymphocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometric analysis of MOLT - 4 cells treated with EERB showed the presence of death cells by apoptosis rather than necrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , EERB also exerts an immunoactivatory effect on N13 microglia cells , by inducing TNF - alpha ( tumour necrosis factor - alpha ) expression , which plays a key role in the innate immune response to infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , we can propose EERB as a useful natural standardized extract with antiproliferative and immunoactivatory ability that would be beneficial to apply in the functional food field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of extrusion conditions on physicochemical and sensorial properties of corn - broad beans ( Vicia faba ) spaghetti type pasta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corn - broad bean spaghetti type pasta was made with a corn / broad bean flour blend in a 70 : 30 ratio , through an extrusion - cooking process ( Brabender 10 DN single - screw extruder with a 3 : 1 compression ratio ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of temperature ( T = 80 , 90 and 100 degrees C ) and moisture ( M = 28 % , 31 % and 34 % ) on the extrusion responses ( specific consumption of mechanical energy and pressure ) and the quality of this pasta - like product ( expansion , cooking - related losses , water absorption , firmness and stickiness ) was assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural changes of starch were studied by means of DSC and XRD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extrusion - cooking process , at M = 28 % and T = 100 degrees C , is appropriate to obtain corn - broad bean spaghetti - type pasta with high protein and dietary fibre content and adequate quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cooking characteristics and resistance to overcooking depended on the degree of gelatinisation and formation of amylose - lipid complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical gelatinisation point was 46 . 55 % ; beyond that point , the quality of the product declines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative determination of fatty acid chain composition in pork meat products by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "1H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High resolution ( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy was proposed for the determination of the fatty acid chain profile of lipids in pork meat products during ripening .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two typical Mediterranean PDO salami produced in Calabria , a region in the Southern Italy , were chosen as a case of study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative NMR analysis provided the fatty acid chain profiles of total lipid extracts .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transesterification of total lipid extracts furnished FAME mixtures that enabled quantitation of fatty acid acyl chains in the acylglycerol and FFA portions .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "fatty acid acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 116]}, {"entity": "acylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cases , oleyl chains were predominant , and high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid chains were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "polyunsaturated fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed spectroscopic method allowed also the estimation of the most important nutritional parameters of dry fermented meat products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a novel phenolic compound in litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn . ) pericarp and bioactivity evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn . ) is a delicious fruit widely accepted by consumers all over the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , phytochemical investigation of litchi pericarp methanol extracts led to the isolation of a novel phenolic , 2 - ( 2 - hydroxyl - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) phenoxy ) benzoic acid , together with kaempferol , isolariciresinol , stigmasterol , butylated hydroxytoluene , 3 , 4 - dihydroxyl benzoate , methyl shikimate and ethyl shikimate .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 2 - hydroxyl - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) phenoxy ) benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 190]}, {"entity": "kaempferol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}, {"entity": "isolariciresinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "stigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 251]}, {"entity": "butylated hydroxytoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 278]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxyl benzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 308]}, {"entity": "methyl shikimate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 327]}, {"entity": "ethyl shikimate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most were found in litchi pericarp for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were mainly elucidated by NMR and MS evidences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activities of the eight compounds were determined by a DPPH radical scavenging assay and the results showed that 2 - ( 2 - hydroxy - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) phenoxy ) benzoic acid , kaempferol , isolariciresinol , butylated hydroxytoluene and 3 , 4 - dihydroxy benzoate exhibited good antioxidant activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 2 - hydroxy - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) phenoxy ) benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 191]}, {"entity": "kaempferol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 204]}, {"entity": "isolariciresinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 223]}, {"entity": "butylated hydroxytoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 250]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxy benzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An interesting finding was that butylated hydroxytoluene was detected as a natural antioxidant in this work , which was usually taken as a synthesized antioxidant .", "entity": [{"entity": "butylated hydroxytoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the novel compound exhibited no inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and alpha - glucosidase activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid resolution liquid chromatography - electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry method for identification of chemical constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ( CRP ) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines with great medicinal and dietary values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we developed an approach utilising rapid resolution liquid chromatography / electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry ( RRLC - ESI - MS / MS ) for the identification and profiling of chemical composition in CRP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of RRLC retention times , cochromatography with available authentic standards , mass spectral fragmentation patterns and literature information , a total of 41 chemical compounds , including 4 flavone - C - glycosides , 7 flavonoid - O - glycosides and 19 polymethoxyflavones were unambiguously identified or tentatively characterised in CRP .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavone - C - glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 230]}, {"entity": "flavonoid - O - glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 261]}, {"entity": "polymethoxyflavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The occurrence of 1 flavone - C - glycoside and 3 cyclic peptides in particular has not yet been described .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavone - C - glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that the developed method could serve as a rapid , effective tool for structural characterisation of chemical constituents in CRP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrols in Vitis berry skins and leaves : their extraction and analysis by HPLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An orthogonal L ( 36 ) ( 6 ) ( 5 ) test design was applied to select the optimum conditions for extracting resveratrols from grape berry skins and leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solvent choice was the most important factor in the extraction of resveratrols , and mixed methanol and ethyl acetate [ 50 : 50 ( v / v ) ] had much higher extraction efficiency than the other five solvents tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For extracting resveratrols , 1g of berry skins or leaf tissue extracted in 10 mL methanol and ethyl acetate [ 50 : 50 ( v / v ) ] for 24h at 25 degrees C in darkness was the optimized extraction condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimized analytical method for HPLC was a multi - step gradient elution using acetonitrile and water .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimized method was used to determine resveratrols among three different cultivars .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cultivar ' Zhi 168 ' had the highest total resveratrols in berry skins while ' Saint - Emilion ' had the lowest resveratrols .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "resveratrols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resveratrol content of ' Beta ' was between that of ' Zhi 168 ' and ' Saint - Emilion ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic nose and GC - MS analysis of volatile compounds in Tuber magnatum Pico : evaluation of different storage conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristic aromatic composition of white truffles ( Tuber magnatum Pico ) determines its culinary and commercial value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However modifications of truffle organoleptic proprieties occur during preservation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study of headspace of white truffles by using Electronic nose ( E - nose ) , gas chromatography - mass spectrometry ( GC - MS ) and sensory analyses was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truffles were stored at different conditions for 7 days : + 4 and + 8 degrees C wrapped in blotting paper or covered by rice or none of the above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Headspace E - nose measurements and sensory analyses were performed each day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical multivariate analysis of the data showed the capability of E - nose to predict sensorial analysis scores and to monitor aroma profile changes during storage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truffle ' s volatile molecules were also extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction technique and separated and identified by GC - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial Components Analysis of data was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E - nose and GC - MS results were in agreement and showed that truffle storage in paper at + 8 degrees C seemed to be the best storage condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of different methods to quantify fat classes in bakery products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The definition of fat differs in different countries ; thus whether fat is listed on food labels depends on the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some countries list crude fat content in the ' Fat ' section on the food label , whereas other countries list total fat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , three methods were used for determining fat classes and content in bakery products : the Folch method , the automated Soxhlet method , and the AOAC 996 . 06 method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results using these methods were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fat ( crude ) extracted by the Folch and Soxhlet methods was gravimetrically determined and assessed by fat class using capillary gas chromatography ( GC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most samples , fat ( total ) content determined by the AOAC 996 . 06 method was lower than the fat ( crude ) content determined by the Folch or automated Soxhlet methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , monounsaturated fat or saturated fat content determined by the AOAC 996 . 06 method was lowest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost no difference was observed between fat ( crude ) content determined by the Folch method and that determined by the automated Soxhlet method for nearly all samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In three samples ( wheat biscuits , butter cookies - 1 , and chocolate chip cookies ) , monounsaturated fat , saturated fat , and trans fat content obtained by the automated Soxhlet method was higher than that obtained by the Folch method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polyunsaturated fat content obtained by the automated Soxhlet method was not higher than that obtained by the Folch method in any sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nutrients , phytochemicals and bioactivity of wild Roman chamomile : a comparison between the herb and its preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roman chamomile , Chamaemelum nobile L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Asteraceae ) , has been used for medicinal applications , mainly through oral dosage forms ( decoctions and infusions ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , the nutritional characterisation of C . nobile was performed , and herbal material and its decoction and infusion were submitted to an analysis of phytochemicals and bioactivity evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant activity was determined by free radicals scavenging activity , reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation , the antitumour potential was tested in human tumour cell lines ( breast , lung , colon , cervical and hepatocellular carcinomas ) , and the hepatotoxicity was evaluated using a porcine liver primary cell culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . nobile proved to be an equilibrated valuable herb rich in carbohydrates and proteins , and poor in fat , providing tocopherols , carotenoids and essential fatty acids ( C18 : 2n6 and C18 : 3n3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the herb and its infusion are a source of phenolic compounds ( flavonoids such as flavonols and flavones , phenolic acids and derivatives ) and organic acids ( oxalic , quinic , malic , citric and fumaric acids ) that showed antioxidant and antitumour activities , without hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 132]}, {"entity": "oxalic , quinic , malic , citric and fumaric acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most abundant compounds in the plant extract and infusion were 5 - O - caffeoylquinic acid and an apigenin derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - O - caffeoylquinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 94]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These , as well as other bioactive compounds , are affected in C . nobile decoction , leading to a lower antioxidant potential and absence of antitumour potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plant bioactivity could be explored in the medicine , food , and cosmetic industries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' Emerging ' mycotoxins in cereals processing chains : changes of enniatins during beer and bread making .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enniatins represent an emerging food safety issue because of their extensive incidence , documented in recent decades , in various small grain cereals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enniatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was concerned with the fate of these Fusarium mycotoxins within malting , brewing , milling and baking , when employed for the processing of contaminated barley and wheat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides enniatins A , A1 , B and B1 , also deoxynivalenol and its conjugated form ( deoxynivalenol - 3 - glucoside ) were determined in almost all tested cereal - based samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins A , A1 , B and B1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 35]}, {"entity": "deoxynivalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "deoxynivalenol - 3 - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant decline of enniatins occurred within all technologies , with the largest drop in their concentrations observed in the brewing process .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While enniatins were not detectable in final beers , they were almost quantitatively transferred to spent grains , probably because of their limited water solubility .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding bread baking , levels of enniatins decreased down to 30 % of their concentration in the initial flour used for baking .", "entity": [{"entity": "enniatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , degradation at higher temperatures might be assumed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary Monascus adlay supplements facilitate suppression of cigarette smoke - induced pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress , autophagy , apoptosis and emphysema - related PLGF in the rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cigarette smoke ( CS ) exposure may cause oxidative stress in the lung , leading to cell death and long - term injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monascus adlay ( MA ) with antioxidant components produced by inoculating adlay ( Cois lachrymal - jobi L . var . ma - yuen Stapf ) with Monascus purpureus may protect lung against CS - induced lung injuries in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA and lovastatin had higher antioxidant activities than either M . purpureus or adlay .", "entity": [{"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CS exposure caused significant lung damage , as evidenced by higher levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , neutrophil infiltration , dityrosine and 4 - HNE , as well as lower levels of Mn - superoxide dismutase and catalase expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "dityrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "4 - HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 192]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lung tissues with CS exposure had higher levels of ER stress , apoptosis , autophagy and emphysema - related placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) expressions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All CS - induced injuries were significantly suppressed by MA supplements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA would be a beneficial nutritional therapy to ameliorate CS - induced lung injury via preserving antioxidant defense mechanisms , decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting ER stress , autophagy , apoptosis and emphysema - related risk factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extract procedure for studying the free and glycosilated aroma compounds in grapes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study seven published methods of extraction of skin free and bound volatile compounds have been compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free and bound volatiles were separated by solid phase extraction ( SPE ) and then analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ( GC - MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the extraction of volatile compounds from grapes is highly affected by extraction solution features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solution at pH 3 . 2 and 0 % ethanol resulted the most effective as it led to the extraction of a higher number and amount of free and glycosilated volatile compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selected extraction method of grape skin and the process of pulp juice were validated for quantitative determination of a wide range of grape aroma compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 37 free and bound grape aroma compounds were quantified by GC - MS in selective ion monitoring modality ( SIM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , 26 volatile compounds resulted validated in grape skin and pulp juice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - step purification of lactoperoxidase from bovine milk by affinity chromatography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulphanilamide was determined to be a new inhibitor of lactoperoxidase ( LPO ) with an IC ( 50 ) of 0 . 848 . 10 ( - 5 ) M .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulphanilamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The K ( i ) for sulphanilamide was determined to be 3 . 57 . 10 ( - 5 ) M and sulphanilamide showed competitive inhibition , which makes it a suitable ligand for constructing a Sepharose 4B - L - tyrosine affinity matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphanilamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "sulphanilamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "Sepharose 4B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 189]}, {"entity": "L - tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The affinity matrix was synthesised by coupling sulphanilamide as the ligand and L - tyrosine as the spacer arm to a cyanogen bromide ( CNBr ) - activated - Sepharose 4B matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphanilamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "L - tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "cyanogen bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "CNBr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Sepharose 4B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactoperoxidase was purified 409 - fold from the synthesized affinity matrix in a single step , with a yield of 62 . 3 % and a specific activity of 40 . 9 EU / mg protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme activity was measured using ABTS as a chromogenic substrate ( pH 6 . 0 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of LPO purification was monitored by SDS - PAGE and its R ( z ) ( A ( 412 ) / A ( 280 ) ) value .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The R ( z ) value for the purified LPO was found to be 0 . 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum binding was achieved and K ( m ) and V ( max ) values were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile : bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products represent a rich source of biologically active compounds and are an example of molecular diversity , with recognised potential in drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , the methanol extract of Matricaria recutita L .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( German chamomile ) and its decoction and infusion ( the most consumed preparations of this herb ) were submitted to an analysis of phytochemicals and bioactivity evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant activity was determined by free radicals scavenging activity , reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation ; the antitumour potential was tested in human tumour cell lines ( breast , lung , colon , cervical and hepatocellular carcinomas ) , and the hepatotoxicity was evaluated using a porcine liver primary cell culture ( non - tumour cells ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the samples revealed antioxidant properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decoction exhibited no antitumour activity ( GI ( 50 ) > 400 mu g / mL ) which could indicate that this bioactivity might be related to compounds ( including phenolic compounds ) that were not extracted or that were affected by the decoction procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both plant methanol extract and infusion showed inhibitory activity to the growth of HCT - 15 ( GI ( 50 ) 250 . 24 and 298 . 23 mu g / mL , respectively ) and HeLa ( GI ( 50 ) 259 . 36 and 277 . 67 mu g / mL , respectively ) cell lines , without hepatotoxicity ( GI ( 50 ) > 400 mu g / mL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infusion and decoction gave higher contents of organic acids ( 24 . 42 and 23 . 35 g / 100g dw ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Otherwise , the plant methanol extract contained the highest amounts of both phenolic acids ( 3 . 99 g / 100g dw ) and flavonoids ( 2 . 59 g / 100g dw ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major compound found in all the preparations was luteolin O - acylhexoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "luteolin O - acylhexoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , German chamomile contains important phytochemicals with bioactive properties ( mainly antitumour potential selective to colon and cervical carcinoma cell lines ) to be explored in the pharmaceutical , food and cosmetics industries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Authentication of beeswax ( Apis mellifera ) by high - temperature gas chromatography and chemometric analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical characterization and authentication of beeswax of Apis mellifera was performed by high temperature capillary gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry or to flame ionisation detection and chemometric analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many major components ( > 50 ) of beeswax , odd and even hydrocarbons , oleofin , palmitate , oleate and hydroxypalmitate monoesters were detected , and for the first time palmitate and oleate monoesters esterified with 1 - octadecanol and 1 - eicosanol are reported to be present in beeswax .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "oleofin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "oleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "hydroxypalmitate monoesters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 132]}, {"entity": "palmitate and oleate monoesters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 203]}, {"entity": "1 - octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 235]}, {"entity": "1 - eicosanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unsupervised pattern recognition procedures , cluster analysis and principal component analysis , were used to find data patterns and successfully differentiate authentic and paraffin adulterated beeswax based on the chemical profile obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent assessment of beeswax quality and performance of the unsupervised classification methods were performed using classical analytical parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discrimination power of the chemometric unsupervised methods for detection of paraffin adulterated beeswax was superior to the discriminating power of classical analytical parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using linear discriminant analysis , classification rules for authentic and paraffin adulterated beeswax samples were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model was validated by leave - one - out cross validation and showed good recognition and prediction abilities , 100 % and 99 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity comparison between [ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium salt and the related racemate form .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folates , such as [ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid , have been introduced in the market both in vitamin pills and in fortified foods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "[ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their antioxidant activity has been evaluated , but stereoisomer influence on activity has not been proven .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a comparison between [ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid ( 5 - MTHF ) and its racemate [ 6R , S ] form was made by TEAC assay at different pHs , FRAP assay , and ORAC assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 6S ] - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 76]}, {"entity": "5 - MTHF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the [ 6S ] form had higher antioxidant activity than its racemate form in the TEAC assay at all pHs , with similar values in the FRAP and ORAC assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results suggest that stereoisomeric difference could influence the antioxidant activity of 5 - MTHF and hence should be taken into account when folates are added to foodstuffs to improve their nutritional value .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - MTHF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "folates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of viscera extract from hybrid catfish ( Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias gariepinus ) for the production of protein hydrolysate from toothed ponyfish ( Gazza minuta ) muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteolytic activity of viscera extract from hybrid catfish ( Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias gariepinus ) was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal pH and temperature were 9 . 0 and 50 degrees C , respectively , when toothed ponyfish ( Gazza minuta ) muscle was used as a substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When viscera extract from hybrid catfish was used for the production of protein hydrolysate from toothed ponyfish muscle , extract concentration , reaction time , and fish muscle / buffer ratio affected the hydrolysis and nitrogen recovery ( NR ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimum conditions for toothed ponyfish muscle hydrolysis were 3 . 5 % hybrid catfish viscera extract , 15 min reaction time and fish muscle / buffer ratio of 1 : 3 ( w / v ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High correlation between the degree of hydrolysis ( DH ) and NR ( R ( 2 ) = 0 . 974 ) was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freeze - dried hydrolysate had a high protein content ( 89 . 02 % , dry weight basis ) and it was brownish yellow in colour ( L ( * ) = 63 . 67 , a ( * ) = 6 . 33 , b ( * ) = 22 . 41 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein hydrolysate contained a high amount of essential amino acids ( 48 . 22 % ) and had arginine and lysine as the dominant amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous separation and purification of total polyphenols , chlorogenic acid and phlorizin from thinned young apples .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "phlorizin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An efficient preparative separation of polyphenols from thinned young apples ( TYA ) has been developed in the present study .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - 5 resin was verified to offer the best adsorption capacity and desorption ratio for total polyphenols among the eight macroporous resins investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influential factors , such as pH value and concentration of feeding solution , strippant , and adsorption isotherm to the separation of total polyphenols , were successively investigated on X - 5 resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After one run treatment , the phenolic content was increased 2 . 12 - fold from 35 . 17 % to 74 . 64 % , with a recovery yield of 89 . 35 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlorogenic acid and phlorizin were selectively purified using X - 5 and polyamide resins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "phlorizin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "polyamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contents of chlorogenic acid and phlorizin were 15 . 20 % and 97 . 52 % with recovery yields of 89 . 16 % and 64 . 95 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "phlorizin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method developed will provide a potential approach for its wide industrial and pharmaceutical use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of liquid and solid state fermented lentils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of liquid ( LSF ) and solid state fermentation ( SSF ) of lentils for production of water - soluble fractions with antioxidant and antihypertensive properties was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSF was performed either spontaneously ( NF ) or by Lactobacillus plantarum ( LP ) while SSF was performed by Bacillus subtilis ( BS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Native lactic flora in NF adapted better than L . plantarum to fermentative broth and BS counts increased 4 . 0 logCFU / g up to 48 h of SSF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSF water - soluble fractions had higher ( P <= 0 . 05 ) free amino groups , GABA content , antioxidant and angiotensin I - converting enzyme inhibitory ( ACEI ) activities than SSF .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , GABA and ACEI activity of LSF increased in a time - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteolysis by BS was limited , with slight changes in free amino groups , while GABA , total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity increased throughout fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher antihypertensive potential was observed in NF ( 96 h ) characterised by the highest GABA content ( 10 . 42 mg / g extract ) , ACE - inhibitory potency ( expressed as IC ( 50 ) ) of 0 . 18 mg protein / ml and antioxidant capacity of 0 . 26 mmol Trolox equivalents / g extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , water - soluble fermented lentil extracts obtained by LSF are particularly promising as functional ingredients in preventing hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fucoxanthin content and antioxidant properties of Undaria pinnatifida .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the fucoxanthin content of New Zealand ( NZ ) Undaria pinnatifida harvested from two locations in the Marlborough Sounds , New Zealand across its growing season .", "entity": [{"entity": "fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fucoxanthin content and antioxidant properties of processed New Zealand U . pinnatifida and commercial wakame from Japan and Korea were further compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that U . pinnatifida harvested from Port Underwood had higher fucoxanthin content in the blade compared to Pelorus Sound .", "entity": [{"entity": "fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sporophyll also contained a significant amount of fucoxanthin throughout the harvest season , although lower than in the blade .", "entity": [{"entity": "fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two antioxidant measurement methods , DPPH and CUPRAC , were utilised to measure antioxidant activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Processed NZ U . pinnatifida had a lower fucoxanthin content and antioxidant activity than freeze - dried Undaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fucoxanthin content and antioxidant activities of NZ processed U . pinnatifida were not significantly different from other commercial samples from Japan and Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fucoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , U . pinnatifida in New Zealand has a great potential to be a food and nutraceutical resource .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure and composition of model cheeses influence sodium NMR mobility , kinetics of sodium release and sodium partition coefficients .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mobility and release of sodium ions were assessed in model cheeses with three different lipid / protein ratios , with or without added NaCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rheological properties of the cheeses were analysed using uniaxial compression tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microstructure was characterised by confocal laser scanning microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 23 ) Na nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy was used to study the molecular mobility of sodium ions in model cheeses through measurements of the relaxation and creation times .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 23 ) Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater mobility was observed in cheeses containing a lower protein content and with added NaCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetics of sodium release from the cheese to an aqueous phase was correlated with the mobility of sodium ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest rates of sodium release were observed with a lower protein content and with added NaCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water / cheese partition coefficients of sodium increased when NaCl was added or the protein content was higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study highlighted the effect of model cheese characteristics on molecular and macroscopic behaviours of sodium .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of [ + ] and [ - ] - Huperzine A improves protection against soman toxicity compared to [ + ] - Huperzine A in guinea pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] and [ - ] - Huperzine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 46]}, {"entity": "[ + ] - Huperzine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuropathologic mechanisms after exposure to lethal doses of nerve agent are complex and involve multiple biochemical pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective treatment requires drugs that can simultaneously protect by reversible binding to the acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) and blocking cascades of seizure related brain damage , inflammation , neuronal degeneration as well as promoting induction of neuroregeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ - ] - Huperzine A ( [ - ] - Hup A ) , is a naturally occurring potent reversible AChE inhibitor that penetrates the blood - brain barrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ - ] - Huperzine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "[ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also has several neuroprotective effects including modification of beta - amyloid peptide , reduction of oxidative stress , anti - inflammatory , anti - apoptotic and induction and regulation of nerve growth factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicities at higher doses restrict the neuroporotective ability of [ - ] - Hup A for treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic stereoisomer , [ + ] - Hup A , is less toxic due to poor AChE inhibition and is suitable for both pre - / post - exposure treatments of nerve agent toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ + ] - Hup A block the N - methyl - d - aspartate ( NMDA ) - induced seizure in rats , reduce excitatory amino acid induced neurotoxicity and also prevent soman induced toxicity with minimum performance decrement .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unique combinations of two stereo - isomers of Hup A may provide an excellent pre / post - treatment drug for the nerve agent induced seizure / status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated a combination of [ + ] - Hup A with a small dose of [ - ] - Hup A ( [ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A ) against soman toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "[ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "[ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 107]}, {"entity": "soman", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data showed that pretreatment with a combination [ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A significantly increased the survival rate and reduced behavioral abnormalities after exposure to 1 . 2 x LD50 soman compared to [ + ] - Hup A in guinea pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , [ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A pretreatment inhibited the development of high power of EEG better than [ + ] - Hup A pretreatment alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 37]}, {"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that a combination of [ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A offers better protection than [ + ] - Hup A and serves as a potent medical countermeasure against lethal dose nerve agent toxicity in guinea pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ + ] and [ - ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 64]}, {"entity": "[ + ] - Hup A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organophosphorus compound esterase profiles as predictors of therapeutic and toxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certain organophosphorus compounds ( OPCs ) inhibit various serine esterases ( EOHs ) via phosphorylation of their active site serines .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "serines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We focused on 4 EOHs of particular toxicological interest : acetylcholinesterase ( AChE : acute neurotoxicity ; cognition enhancement ) , butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE : inhibition of drug metabolism and / or stoichiometric scavenging of EOH inhibitors ; cognition enhancement ) , carboxylesterase ( CaE : inhibition of drug metabolism and / or stoichiometric scavenging of EOH inhibitors ) , and neuropathy target esterase ( NTE : delayed neurotoxicity , OPIDN ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative degree of inhibition of these EOHs constitutes the \" esterase profile \" of an OPC and serves as a major determinant of its net physiological effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , understanding and controlling the esterase profile of OPC activity and selectivity toward these 4 target enzymes is a significant undertaking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we analyzed the inhibitor properties of 52 OPCs against the 4 EOHs , along with pairwise and multitarget selectivities between them , using 2 QSAR approaches : Hansch modeling and Molecular Field Topology Analysis ( MFTA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general formula of the OPCs was ( RO ) 2P ( O ) X , where R = alkyl , X = - SCH ( Hal ) COOEt ( Hal = Cl , Br ) , - SCHCl2 , - SCH2Br , - OCH ( CF3 ) R ( 1 ) ( R ( 1 ) = C6H5 , CF3 , COOEt , COOMe ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( RO ) 2P ( O ) X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "SCH ( Hal ) COOEt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 97]}, {"entity": "Hal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "SCHCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 126]}, {"entity": "SCH2Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "OCH ( CF3 ) R ( 1 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 161]}, {"entity": "C6H5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "CF3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "COOEt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 192]}, {"entity": "COOMe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hansch model showed that increasing neuropathic potential correlated with rising R hydrophobicity ; moreover , OPC binding to scavenger EOHs ( BChE and CaE ) had different effects on potential acute and delayed neurotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicted protective roles of BChE and CaE against acute toxicity were enhanced with increasing hydrophobicity , but projected protection against OPIDN was decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , Molecular Field Topology Analysis ( MFTA ) models were built , considering atomic descriptors , e . g . , effective charge , van der Waals radius of environment , and group lipophilicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity / selectivity maps confirmed predictions from Hansch models and revealed other structural factors affecting activity and selectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virtual screening based on multitarget selectivity MFTA models was used to design libraries of OPCs with favorable esterase profiles for potential application as selective inhibitors of CaE without untoward side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New tools in diagnosis and biomonitoring of intoxications with organophosphorothioates : Case studies with chlorpyrifos and diazinon .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorothioates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organophosphate ( OP ) pesticides are neurotoxic compounds that are widely used in agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classical methods for monitoring OP exposure comprise the measurement of intact OP , its metabolites or cholinesterase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly developed methods focus on the analysis of the OP adduct bound to proteins such as butyrylcholinesterase ( BuChE ) and albumin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These adducts can be analyzed by means of fluoride reactivation or by analysis with LC - MS / MS of the pepsin or pronase digest of butyrylcholinesterase and albumin , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utility of these methods is illustrated through the analysis of plasma samples obtained from patients taken 1 - 49days after ingestion of the organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and / or diazinon .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 161]}, {"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 185]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in this particular case several independent methodologies were applied to the biomedical samples , all pointing to the same exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strategies for the selection of catalytic antibodies against organophosphorus nerve agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the strategies aimed at biocompatible means for organophosphorus nerve agents neutralization , immunoglobulins have attracted attention in the 1990 ' s and 2000 ' s both for their ability to immobilize the toxicants , but also for their ability to be turned into enzymatically active antibodies known as catalytic antibodies or abzymes ( antibodies - enzymes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will present here a critical review of the successive strategies used for the selection of these nerve agent - hydrolyzing abzymes , based on hapten design , namely antibodies raised against a wide variety of transition state analogs , and eventually the strategies based on anti - idiotypic antibodies and reactibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced in vitro and in vivo toxicity of siRNA - lipoplexes with addition of polyglutamate .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously designed a new siRNA vector that efficiently silences genes in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vector originality is based on the fact that , in addition to the siRNA molecule , it contains two components : 1 ) a cationic liposome that auto - associates with the siRNA to form particles called \" lipoplexes \" and , 2 ) an anionic polymer which enhances the lipoplex ' s efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This anionic polymer can be a nucleic acid , a polypeptide or a polysaccharide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here how the nature of the added anionic polymer into our siRNA delivery system impacts the toxic effects induced by siRNA lipoplexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We first observed that : ( i ) siRNA lipoplexes - induced toxicity was cell line dependent , tumoral cell lines being the more sensitive ; and ( ii ) plasmid DNA - containing siRNA lipoplexes were more toxic than polyglutamate - containing ones or cationic liposomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We next determined that the toxicity induced by plasmid - containing lipoplexes is a long - lasting effect that decreased cell survival capacity for several generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that treated cells underwent death following apoptosis pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic injection to mice of siRNA lipoplexes , rather than of cationic liposome , triggered a production of several cytokines in mice and replacement of plasmid by polyglutamate reduced the elevation of all assayed cytokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to enhance siRNA lipoplexes efficiency , the addition of polyglutamate as anionic polymer should be preferred to plasmid DNA as far as in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity is concerned .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helenalin - induced apoptosis is dependent on production of reactive oxygen species and independent of induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helenalin , a sesquiterpene lactone , exhibits anti - inflammatory and anti - tumor activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated whether helenalin could induce apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helenalin increased apoptosis in dose dependent manner in Caki cells , and also induced apoptosis in other carcinoma cells , such as human renal carcinoma ACHN cells , human colon carcinoma HT29 and HCT116 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that helenalin markedly induced endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress - related genes , such as regulated in development and DNA damage responses ( REDD ) 1 , activating transcription factor - 4 ( ATF4 ) and / or the CCAAT enhancer - binding protein - homologous protein ( CHOP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , down - regulation of ATF4 and / or CHOP expression by siRNA had no effect on helenalin - induced apoptosis in Caki and HCT116 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helenalin increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ROS scavengers , N - acetylcystine ( NAC ) , and glutathione ethyl ester ( GEE ) , reduced helenalin - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetylcystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "glutathione ethyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "GEE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , helenalin induced apoptosis via ROS generation in human renal carcinoma Caki cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "helenalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary quercetin ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high - fat diet in gerbils .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary quercetin is highly abundant in edible plants , which possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of quercetin in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) gerbils induced by a high - fat diet ( HFD ) , and to evaluate its regulatory mechanism on hepatic inflammatory response .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gerbils were fed with HFD for 28 days to induce NASH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 15th day to 28th day , the treated drugs were given daily to each animal , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipid profiles and biochemical markers were determined at the end of the experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expressions of Sirt1 , NF - kappa B p65 and iNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that oral administration of quercetin at doses of 30 - 60 mg / kg to hyperlipidemia rats for 14 days were highly effective in decreasing the levels of serum total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 216]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 263]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 285]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It could decrease lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes , and reduce serum levels of pro - inflammatory cytokines TNF - alpha and IL - 6 via regulating the expressions of Sirt1 , NF - kappa B p65 and iNOS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , dietary quercetin had significant therapeutic benefits and could be explored as a potential promising candidate for the prevention of NASH .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective role of ATP - sensitive potassium channels in cerebral ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP - sensitive potassium ( K ( ATP ) ) channels are weak , inward rectifiers that couple metabolic status to cell membrane electrical activity , thus modulating many cellular functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 29]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in the ADP / ATP ratio opens K ( ATP ) channels , leading to membrane hyperpolarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 42]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K ( ATP ) channels are ubiquitously expressed in neurons located in different regions of the brain , including the hippocampus and cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brief hypoxia triggers membrane hyperpolarization in these central neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo animal studies confirmed that knocking out the Kir6 . 2 subunit of the K ( ATP ) channels increases ischemic infarction , and overexpression of the Kir6 . 2 subunit reduces neuronal injury from ischemic insults .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 56]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide the basis for a practical strategy whereby activation of endogenous K ( ATP ) channels reduces cellular damage resulting from cerebral ischemic stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 92]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K ( ATP ) channel modulators may prove to be clinically useful as part of a combination therapy for stroke management in the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinase activity of EphA4 mediates homeostatic scaling - down of synaptic strength via activation of Cdk5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurons within a network have the ability to homeostatically scale - down their excitatory synaptic strength under conditions of persistent neuronal activity elevation , a process pivotal to neural circuit stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How this homeostatic regulation is achieved at the molecular level in developing neural circuits , which face gradually elevated neuronal activity as part of circuit wiring , is not well - understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using dissociated hippocampal neuronal cultures , we identified a critical and cell autonomous role for the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA4 in mediating activity - induced homeostatic down - regulation of excitatory synaptic strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reducing the endogenous level of EphA4 in individual neurons by RNAi effectively blocked activity - induced scaling - down of excitatory synaptic strength , while co - transfection of RNAi resistant EphA4 rescued this effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , interfering with EphA4 forward signaling using EphA4 - Fc blocked activity - induced homeostatic synaptic scaling - down , while direct activation of EphA4 with its ligand EphrinA1 weakened excitatory synaptic strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up - or down - regulating EphA4 function in individual neurons also did not affect the density of excitatory synapses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinase activities of EphA4 and its downstream effector Cdk5 were both required for homeostatic synaptic scaling , as overexpression of EphA4 with constitutively active kinase activity reduced excitatory synaptic strength , while interfering with either the kinase activity of EphA4 or Cdk5 blocked activity - induced synaptic scaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistently , the activities of EphA4 and Cdk5 increased significantly during global and persistent activity elevation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our work demonstrated that the kinase activity of EphA4 , via activation of downstream Cdk5 activity , mediates the scaling - down of excitatory synaptic strength under conditions of global activity elevation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A missense polymorphism ( rs11466653 , Met326Thr ) of toll - like receptor 10 ( TLR10 ) is associated with tumor size of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Korean population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toll - like receptors ( TLRs ) are important components of innate immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate whether TLR gene cluster ( TLR10 - TLR1 - TLR6 ) polymorphisms are associated with the etiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) and its clinicopathologic characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recruited 94 PTC patients and 325 control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotypes for each SNP were determined by direct sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SNPStats and SPSS 18 . 0 were used to evaluate odds ratios ( ORs ) , 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) , and P values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple logistic regression analyzes of genetic data were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The missense SNP rs11466653 was associated with small tumor size ( < 1 cm ) in PTC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of the rs11466653 T allele was higher in PTC patients with tumors < 1 cm in size than in the control group ( 95 . 8 vs . 87 . 2 % ; P = 0 . 021 , OR = 0 . 30 , 95 % CI = 0 . 11 - 0 . 83 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The T allele of rs11466653 ( T / C , Met326Thr ) in TLR10 may be a risk factor for the development of tumors in PTC in the Korean population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First - principles calculations of lithium - ion migration at a coherent grain boundary in a cathode material , LiCoO ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "LiCoO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of theoretical calculations are reported , examining the effect of a coherent twin boundary on the electrical properties of LiCoO ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LiCoO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that internal interfaces in LiCoO ( 2 ) strongly affect the battery voltage , battery capacity , and power density of this material , which is of particular concern if it is used in all - solid - state Li - ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "LiCoO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - species transcriptomic analysis of mouse and rat lung exposed to chloroprene .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Chloroprene ( 2 - chloro - 1 , 3 - butadiene ) , a monomer used in the production of neoprene elastomers , is of regulatory interest due to the production of multiorgan tumors in mouse and rat cancer bioassays .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "2 - chloro - 1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 51]}, {"entity": "neoprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant increase in female mouse lung tumors was observed at the lowest exposure concentration of 12 . 8 ppm , whereas a small , but not statistically significant increase was observed in female rats only at the highest exposure concentration of 80 ppm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolism of chloroprene results in the generation of reactive epoxides , and the rate of overall chloroprene metabolism is highly species dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "epoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify potential key events in the mode of action of chloroprene lung tumorigenesis , dose - response and time - course gene expression microarray measurements were made in the lungs of female mice and female rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene expression changes were analyzed using both a traditional ANOVA approach followed by pathway enrichment analysis and a pathway - based benchmark dose ( BMD ) analysis approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathways related to glutathione biosynthesis and metabolism were the primary pathways consistent with cross - species differences in tumor incidence .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional BMD values for the pathway were more similar to differences in tumor response than were estimated target tissue dose surrogates based on the total amount of chloroprene metabolized per unit mass of lung tissue per day .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroprene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The closer correspondence of the transcriptional changes with the tumor response is likely due to their reflection of the overall balance between metabolic activation and detoxication reactions , whereas the current tissue dose surrogate reflects only oxidative metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trans - chromosomic mice containing a human CYP3A cluster for prediction of xenobiotic metabolism in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human CYP3A is the most abundant P450 isozyme present in the human liver and small intestine , and metabolizes around 50 % of medical drugs on the market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human CYP3A subfamily comprises four members ( CYP3A4 , CYP3A5 , CYP3A7 , CYP3A43 ) encoded on human chromosome 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human CYP3A cluster have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the introduction of a human artificial chromosome ( HAC ) containing the entire genomic human CYP3A locus recapitulates tissue - and stage - specific expression of human CYP3A genes and xenobiotic metabolism in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 700 kb of the entire CYP3A genomic segment was cloned into a HAC ( CYP3A - HAC ) , and trans - chromosomic ( Tc ) mice carrying a single copy of germline - transmittable CYP3A - HAC were generated via a chromosome - engineering technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tissue - and stage - specific expression profiles of CYP3A genes were consistent with those seen in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further generated mice carrying the CYP3A - HAC in the background homozygous for targeted deletion of most endogenous Cyp3a genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this mouse strain with ' fully humanized ' CYP3A genes , the kinetics of triazolam metabolism , CYP3A - mediated mechanism - based inactivation effects and formation of fetal - specific metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone observed in humans were well reproduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "dehydroepiandrosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , these mice are likely to be valuable in evaluating novel drugs metabolized by CYP3A enzymes and in studying the regulation of human CYP3A gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , this system can also be used for generating Tc mice carrying other human metabolic genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FlyBase : improvements to the bibliography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An accurate , comprehensive , non - redundant and up - to - date bibliography is a crucial component of any Model Organism Database ( MOD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principally , the bibliography provides a set of references that are specific to the field served by the MOD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it serves as a backbone to which all curated biological data can be attributed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the organization and main features of the bibliography in FlyBase ( flybase . org ) , the MOD for Drosophila melanogaster .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present an overview of the current content of the bibliography , the pipeline for identifying and adding new references , the presentation of data within Reference Reports and effective methods for searching and retrieving bibliographic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We highlight recent improvements in these areas and describe the advantages of using the FlyBase bibliography over alternative literature resources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this article is focused on bibliographic data , many of the features and tools described are applicable to browsing and querying other datasets in FlyBase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement on oral absorption of paclitaxel by multifunctional pluronic micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study is to synthesize Pluronic F127 - polyethylenimine - folate ( PF127 - PEI - FA ) copolymer , construct a mixed micelle system with PF127 - PEI - FA copolymer and Pluronic P123 ( PP123 ) and to evaluate the potential of these mixed micelles as an oral drug delivery system for paclitaxel ( PTX ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluronic F127 - polyethylenimine - folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 87]}, {"entity": "PF127 - PEI - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "PF127 - PEI - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 175]}, {"entity": "Pluronic P123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 203]}, {"entity": "PP123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 211]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 314]}, {"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of intestinal absorption revealed that the PTX - loaded micelles displayed superior permeability across intestinal barrier than free drug and PF127 - PEI - FA / PP123 mixed micelles exhibited the strongest permeability across intestinal barrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "PF127 - PEI - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "PP123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were also proved by the studies on cytotoxicity and cell uptake tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism was demonstrated in connection with inhibition of the efflux mediated by intestinal P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) and enhancement of the electrostatic interaction of positive micelles with the negative intestinal epithelial cells , thereby promoting the permeation across the intestinal wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of verapamil and Pluronic both improved the intestinal absorption of PTX , which further certified the effect of Pluronic on P - gp inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "Pluronic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Pluronic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the area under the plasma concentration - time curve ( AUC ( 0 --> 36 h ) ) of PTX - loaded micelles was three times greater than the PTX solution ( dissolved in a 50 / 50 ( vol / vol ) mixture of Cremophore EL / dehydrated ethanol ) ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general PF127 - PEI - FA / PP123 mixed micelles were proved to be potential oral drug delivery system for PTX .", "entity": [{"entity": "PF127 - PEI - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "PP123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "PTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is polycystic ovary syndrome , a state of relative estrogen excess , a real risk factor for estrogen - dependant malignancies ?", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is a common endocrinopathy affecting women of fertile age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is associated with several risk factors and long - term health consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic anovulation combined with relative estrogen excess and consequent prolonged stimulatory effect on the endometrium can lead to the pathogenesis of hormonal dependant carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCOS is thus traditionally reported to be associated with increased risk of endometrial , as well as breast and ovarian cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article provides a critical literature review of the relationship between PCOS and the incidence of estrogen - dependant gynecological tumours , and it then discusses whether the commonly cited risk factor association can be substantiated by high quality studies which comply with the requirements of \" evidence - based medicine . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distribution , fate and histopathological effects of ethion insecticide on selected organs of the crayfish , Procambarus clarkii .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aims to investigate the fate and histopathological effects of ethion on selected organs of the crayfish , Procamabrus clarkii .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crayfish were exposed to 1 mg l ( - 1 ) ( 14 ) C - ethion and the concentrations of ethion and its possible degradation products were measured in water and different organs of the crayfish over both the exposure and recovery periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 14 ) C - ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatographic analysis revealed that ethion was degraded into ethion monooxon , ethion dioxon , O , O - diethyl phosphorothioate , O - ethyl phosphorothioate and one unknown compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "ethion monooxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "ethion dioxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 95]}, {"entity": "O , O - diethyl phosphorothioate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 130]}, {"entity": "O - ethyl phosphorothioate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of exposure period , ethion was accumulated in different organs of the crayfish especially in the hepatopancreas and gills .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the transfer of crayfish to clean water for seven days , the concentration of insecticide residues were decreased in both the hepatopancreas and gills suggesting that these organs play an important role in elimination of ethion .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the exposure of the crayfish to (1/4) 96 h - LC ( 50 ) ( 0 . 36 mg l ( - 1 ) ) of ethion caused extensive ultrastructural alterations to both hepatopancreas and gill epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the hepatopancreas , the most notable pathological features included vacuolation , degradation and distinct cell lysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the gill epithelium , the histopathological alterations included infiltration of hemocytes , cytoplasmic vacuolation and a decrease in the number of basal plasma membrane infoldings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antitumor activity of N - sulfonyl - 3 , 7 - dioxo - 5 beta - cholan - 24 - amides , ursodeoxycholic acid derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - sulfonyl - 3 , 7 - dioxo - 5 beta - cholan - 24 - amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 96]}, {"entity": "ursodeoxycholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of N - sulfonyl - 3 , 7 - dioxo - 5 beta - cholan - 24 - amides , ursodeoxycholic acid derivatives , have been designed and synthesized in nine steps starting from ursodeoxycholic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - sulfonyl - 3 , 7 - dioxo - 5 beta - cholan - 24 - amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 72]}, {"entity": "ursodeoxycholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "ursodeoxycholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro antitumor activity of the target compounds has been evaluated against HCT - 116 , MCF - 7 , K562 , and SGC - 7901 cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacological results showed that most of the prepared compounds display excellent selective cytotoxicity toward HCT - 116 , MCF - 7 , and K562 cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , compounds 10c , 10f and 10g show high inhibitory activity on these human cancer cell lines ( IC50 : 2 . 39 - 9 . 34 mu M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , all compounds are generally inactive against SGC - 7901 , with only 10b having IC 5 0 below 50 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precipitation of Ibuprofen Sodium using compressed carbon dioxide as antisolvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibuprofen Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precipitation with compressed antisolvent ( PCA ) process was used to produce fine particles of Ibuprofen Sodium with the ultimate goal of obtaining controlled particle size and size distribution of this non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibuprofen Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This systematic investigation shows that particle size and size distribution of the final product can be controlled reproducibly by varying a number operating parameters such as antisolvent addition rate , temperature , concentration , and solution addition rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms that control particle size and particle size distribution were explained by invoking the differences in the relative weight of primary , secondary nucleation and growth kinetic phenomena .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of techniques were used for the characterization of the generated particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) , dynamic light scattering measurements were conducted to determine the size of the particles in terms of number - weighted size distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of process parameters on the Ibuprofen Sodium crystallinity was investigated using X - ray diffraction ( XRD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibuprofen Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the ' ' in vitro ' ' drug performance was tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed an improvement of the PCA processed Ibuprofen Sodium ' ' in vitro ' ' drug activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ibuprofen Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , dissolution investigations demonstrated that the flow rate , in combination with the particle size distribution , substantially influence the drug \" in vitro \" dissolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 ) modulates renin - angiotensin system associated with reducing oxidative stress and attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the brain of hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 ) [ Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) ] has beneficial effects against hypertension - induced damage in heart and kidney , but its effects in brain are not clear as yet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) on the physiopathologic changes caused by hypertension in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wistar - Kyoto rats received intracerebroventricular ( I . C . V . ) infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid ( aCSF ) while SHRs received I . C . V . infusion of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) , Mas receptor antagonist A - 779 and aCSF for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain tissues were collected and analyzed by western blot , enzyme immunoassay , spectrophotometric assays and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - mediated dUTP end - labeling ( TUNEL ) staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxynucleotidyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "dUTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study showed that infusion of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) for 4 weeks significantly reduced the expression of Angiotensin II and Angiotensin II type 1 receptors in SHR brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "Angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and elevated total superoxide dismutase activity , which was accompanied by reductions of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91 ( phox ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increases of the percentage of TUNEL - positive neurons and Bax to Bcl - 2 ratio in SHR brain were also attenuated by Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - oxidative and anti - apoptosis effects of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) are independent of blood pressure reduction and can be partially abolished by A - 779 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that chronic treatment with Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) is beneficial to attenuate hypertension - induced physiopathologic changes in brain and may be helpful to prevent hypertension - related cerebrovascular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ang - ( 1 - 7 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle regulation by glucosamine in human pulmonary epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airway epithelial cells play an important role against intruding pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucosamine , a commonly used supplemental compound , has recently begun to be regarded as a potential anti - inflammatory molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to uncover how glucosamine impacts on cellular proliferation in human alveolar epithelial cells ( A549 ) and bronchial epithelial cells ( HBECs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With trypan blue - exclusion assay , we observed that glucosamine ( 10 , 20 , 50 mM ) caused a decrease in cell number at 24 and 48 h ; with a flow cytometric analysis , we also noted an enhanced cell accumulation within the G ( 0 ) / G ( 1 ) phase at 24 h and induction of late apoptosis at 24 and 48 h by glucosamine ( 10 , 20 , 50 mM ) in A549 cells and HBECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "trypan blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of phosphorylation in retinoblastoma ( Rb ) protein , we found an inhibitory effect by glucosamine at 20 and 50 mM .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucosamine at 50 mM was demonstrated to elevate both the mRNA and protein expression of p53 and heme oxygenase - 1 ( HO - 1 ) , but also caused a reduction in p21 protein expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , glucosamine attenuated p21 protein stability via the proteasomal proteolytic pathway , as well as inducing p21 nuclear accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , our results suggest that a high dose of glucosamine may inhibit cell proliferation through apoptosis and disturb cell cycle progression with a halt at G ( 0 ) / G ( 1 ) phase , and that this occurs , at least in part , by a reduction in Rb phosphorylation together with modulation of p21 , p53 and HO - 1 expression , and nuclear p21 accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symmetrically reduced stiffness and increased extensibility in compression and tension at the mineralized fibrillar level in rachitic bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In metabolic bone diseases , the alterations in fibrillar level bone - material quality affecting macroscopic mechanical competence are not well - understood quantitatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we quantify the fibrillar level deformation in cantilever bending in a mouse model for hereditary rickets ( Hpr ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microfocus in - situ synchrotron small - angle X - ray scattering ( SAXS ) combined with cantilever bending was used to resolve nanoscale fibril strain in tensile - and compressive tissue regions separately , with quantitative backscattered scanning electron microscopy used to measure microscale mineralization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue - level flexural moduli for Hpr mice were significantly ( p < 0 . 01 ) smaller compared to wild - type ( ~ 5 to 10 - fold reduction ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the fibrillar level , the fibril moduli within the tensile and compressive zones were significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) lower by ~ 3 - to 5 - fold in Hpr mice compared to wild - type mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hpr mice have a lower mineral content ( 24 . 2 +/- 2 . 1Cawt . % versus 27 . 4 +/- 3 . 3Ca wt . % ) and its distribution was more heterogeneous compared to wild - type animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the average effective fibril modulus did not differ significantly ( p > 0 . 05 ) over ages ( 4 , 7 and 10weeks ) between tensile and compressive zones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that incompletely mineralized fibrils in Hpr mice have greater deformability and lower moduli in both compression and tension , and those compressive and tensile zones have similar moduli at the fibrillar level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of crizotinib - midazolam interaction using the Simcyp population - based simulator : comparison of CYP3A time - dependent inhibition between human liver microsomes versus hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crizotinib ( Xalkori ) is an orally available potent inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases , including anaplastic lymphoma kinase and mesenchymal - epithelial transition factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Xalkori", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objectives of the present study were as follows : 1 ) to characterize crizotinib time - dependent inhibition ( TDI ) potency for CYP3A in human liver microsomes ( HLM ) and cryopreserved human hepatocytes suspended in human plasma ( HSP ) ; 2 ) to characterize crizotinib enzyme induction potency on CYP3A4 in cryopreserved human hepatocytes ; 3 ) to predict crizotinib steady - state plasma concentrations in patients ( e . g . , autoinhibition and autoinduction ) using the mechanistic dynamic model , Simcyp population - based simulator ; and 4 ) to predict a clinical crizotinib - midazolam interaction using the dynamic model as well as the static mathematical model .", "entity": [{"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 271]}, {"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [359, 369]}, {"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [572, 582]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [585, 594]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crizotinib inactivation constant ( K ( I ) ) and maximum inactivation rate constant ( k ( inact ) ) for TDI were estimated as , respectively , 0 . 37 micro M and 6 . 9 h ( - 1 ) in HLM and 0 . 89 micro M and 0 . 78 h ( - 1 ) in HSP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , crizotinib inactivation efficiency ( k ( inact ) / K ( I ) ) was ~ 20 - fold lower in HSP relative to HLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crizotinib E ( max ) and EC ( 50 ) for CYP3A4 induction ( measured as mRNA expression ) were estimated as 6 . 4 - to 29 - fold and 0 . 47 to 3 . 1 micro M , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these in vitro parameters , the predicted crizotinib steady - state area under plasma concentration - time curve ( AUC ) with HLM - TDI was 2 . 1 - fold higher than the observed AUC , whereas that with HSP - TDI was consistent with the observed result ( <= 1 . 1 - fold ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in midazolam AUC with coadministration of crizotinib ( 21 - fold ) was significantly overpredicted using HLM - TDI , whereas the prediction using HSP - TDI ( 3 . 6 - fold ) was consistent with the observed result ( 3 . 7 - fold ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "crizotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , the present study demonstrated the value of HSP to predict in vivo CYP3A - mediated drug - drug interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic and arsenic species in cultured oyster ( Crassostrea gigas and C . corteziensis ) from coastal lagoons of the SE Gulf of California , Mexico .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of arsenic ( As ) through cultured oyster Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea corteziensis from four coastal lagoons ( SE Gulf of California ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organisms were collected in two seasons ( rainy and dry season ) , and they were analyzed for total arsenic and chemical speciation of this element .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentrations of As in oyster soft tissue fluctuated between 5 . 44 and 9 . 56 mu g / g for rainy season and 6 . 46 and 8 . 33 mu g / g for dry season ( dry weight ) in C . gigas .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In C . corteziensis , the As concentrations were < 5 mu g / g for both seasons ( dry weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic speciation indicated arsenobetaine as the major arseno - compound accounting for 43 . 2 - 76 . 3 % of total content of As .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "arsenobetaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "arseno", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower contributions were obtained for non - extractable As ( 11 . 3 - 17 . 5 % ) and other molecules such as arsenocholine and methyl - arsonate ( < 5 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "arsenocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "methyl - arsonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inorganic arsenic was detectable in only two samples , at concentrations lower than < 0 . 1 mu g / g .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These As data are the first generated for these mollusks in NW Mexico and indicate that C . gigas and C . corteziensis farmed in this area are safe for human consumption in terms of arseno - compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "arseno", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Probing the binding of cationic lipids with dendrimers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polycationic polymers are used extensively in biology to disrupt cell membranes and thus enhance the transport of materials into the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the bindings of several lipids cholesterol ( Chol ) , 1 , 2 - dioleoyl - 3 - trimethylammonium - propane ( DOTAP ) , dioctadecyldimethylammoniumbromide ( DDAB ) , and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine ( DOPE ) to dendrimers of different compositions such as mPEG - PAMAM ( G3 ) , mPEG - PAMAM ( G4 ) , and PAMAM ( G4 ) under physiological conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "Chol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - dioleoyl - 3 - trimethylammonium - propane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 114]}, {"entity": "DOTAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "dioctadecyldimethylammoniumbromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 161]}, {"entity": "DDAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 209]}, {"entity": "DOPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 216]}, {"entity": "mPEG - PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 279]}, {"entity": "mPEG - PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 301]}, {"entity": "PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR , UV - visible spectroscopic , methods and molecular modeling were used to analyze the lipid binding mode , the binding constant , and the effects of lipid complexation on the dendrimer structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural analysis showed that lipids bind dendrimers through both hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts with overall binding constants of K ( chol - mPEG - G3 ) = 1 . 7 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( chol - mPEG - PAMAM - G4 ) = 2 . 7 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( chol - PAMAM - G4 ) = 1 . 0 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DOPE - mPEG - G3 ) = 1 . 5 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DOPE - mPEG - PAMAM - G4 ) = 1 . 6 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DOPE - PAMAM - G4 ) = 5 . 3 x 10 ( 2 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DDAB - mPEG - G3 ) = 1 . 5 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DDAB - mPEG - PAMAM - G4 ) = 1 . 9 x 10 ( 2 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DDAB - PAMAM - G4 ) = 7 . 0 x 10 ( 2 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DOTAP - mPEG - G3 ) = 1 . 9 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , K ( DOTAP - mPEG - PAMAM - G4 ) = 1 . 5 x 10 ( 3 ) M ( - 1 ) , and K ( DOTAP - PAMAM - G4 ) = 5 . 7 x 10 ( 2 ) M ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chol - mPEG - G3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "chol - mPEG - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 225]}, {"entity": "chol - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 280]}, {"entity": "DOPE - mPEG - G3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 334]}, {"entity": "DOPE - mPEG - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [372, 396]}, {"entity": "DOPE - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [434, 451]}, {"entity": "DDAB - mPEG - G3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [489, 505]}, {"entity": "DDAB - mPEG - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [543, 567]}, {"entity": "DDAB - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [605, 622]}, {"entity": "DOTAP - mPEG - G3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [660, 677]}, {"entity": "DOTAP - mPEG - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [715, 740]}, {"entity": "DOTAP - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [782, 800]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weaker interaction was observed as dendrimer cationic charges increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free binding energies from docking were - 5 . 15 ( cholesterol ) , - 5 . 79 ( DDAB ) , and - 5 . 36 kcal / mol ( DOTAP ) with the order of stability DDAB - PAMAM - G - 4 > DOTAP - PAMAM - G4 > cholesterol - PAMAM - G4 , consistent with the spectroscopic results .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "DDAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "DOTAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 122]}, {"entity": "DDAB - PAMAM - G - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 173]}, {"entity": "DOTAP - PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 194]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 208]}, {"entity": "PAMAM - G4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendrimers might act as carriers to transport lipids in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycolytic enzymes PGK1 and PKM2 as novel transcriptional targets of PPAR gamma in breast cancer pathophysiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma ) is a nuclear receptor and plays important roles in breast cancer cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complexity of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer and the involvement of PPAR gamma in breast cancer pathophysiology are unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we carried out prediction of the peroxisome proliferator response element ( PPRE ) motifs in 2332 genes reported to be involved in breast cancer in literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 178 genes were found to have PPRE ( DR1 / DR2 ) and / or PPAR - associated conserved motif ( PACM ) motifs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further constructed protein - protein interaction network , disease gene network and gene ontology ( GO ) analyses to identify novel key genes for experimental validation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified two genes in the glycolytic pathway ( phosphoglycerate kinase 1 ( PGK1 ) and pyruvate kinase M2 ( PKM2 ) ) at the ATP production steps and experimentally validated their repression by PPAR gamma in two breast cancer cell lines MDA - MB - 231 and MCF - 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoglycerate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis suggested that this repression leads to decrease in ATP levels and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These investigations will help us in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which PPAR gamma regulates the cellular energy pathway and the use of its ligands in human breast cancer therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of xenobiotics utilizing precision - cut slices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut liver slices are a valuable in vitro model system to study the metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver slices retain tissue architecture so that all cell types are present and intercellular communication between the various cell types is retained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut liver slices from humans and other species have been used to study pathways of phase I ( e . g . cytochrome P450 - dependent biotransformations ) and II ( e . g . conjugation with D - glucuronic acid , sulphate and glutathione ) metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - glucuronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 215]}, {"entity": "sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 226]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver slices can also be employed to investigate the induction and inhibition of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and to obtain kinetic data on the rates of metabolism of xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut liver slices from humans and other species have been used to study the toxicity of a wide variety of xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity can be assessed by various techniques including gene expression , morphological examination and a wide range of biochemical endpoints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut liver slices can be utilized to examine species differences in hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and xenobiotic - induced toxicity , thus permitting comparisons between animal species and humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an in situ gel forming system for the delivery of PEGylated octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to develop a controlled delivery system for PEGylated octreotide using a Poloxamer based in situ gel forming polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "Poloxamer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEGylated octreotide kept its full biological activity and higher serum half - life compared to the original octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The designed drug delivery system contained low concentration of Poloxamer 407 ( P407 ) ( < 0 . 16 % ) with polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) as a polymeric additive .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poloxamer 407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 78]}, {"entity": "P407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "polyvinyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 125]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheological measurements of gel vehicle formulations indicated that the in situ gel forming system with optimum sol - gel transition temperature of 28 . 7 degrees C could be formed using a combination of P407 and PVA at ratio of 15 - 10 % ( w / v ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "P407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of formulation additives such as buffering agents on rheological behavior demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate and lactic acid have opposite effect on sol - gel transition temperature of the system .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 121]}, {"entity": "lactic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using buffering agents , it was possible to shift the sol - gel transition to lower or higher temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro release profiles of octreotide and PEGylated octreotide from the selected P407 / PVA formulations were measured using a membrane - less device .", "entity": [{"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 68]}, {"entity": "P407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEGylated octreotide showed slower release rate from the gel system with different release kinetic compared to octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animal studies , a sustained release rate was achieved with both PEGylated and non - PEGylated octreotide , but longer delivery was observed for PEGylated octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated and non - PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 108]}, {"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue histopathological studies confirmed the biocompatibility of the delivery system for PEGylated octreotide , supporting the suitability of P407 / PVA mixture as an injectable drug delivery system .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "P407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total effects of increasing PEGylated peptide half - life and prolonged release from thermoresponsive gel system offer the potential for sustained delivery of PEGylated octreotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEGylated octreotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of glycogen synthase from mammalian skeletal muscle - - a unifying view of allosteric and covalent regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widely accepted that insufficient insulin - stimulated activation of muscle glycogen synthesis is one of the major components of non - insulin - dependent ( type 2 ) diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycogen synthase , a key enzyme in muscle glycogen synthesis , is extensively regulated , both allosterically ( by glucose - 6 - phosphate , ATP , and others ) and covalently ( by phosphorylation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 139]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although glycogen synthase has been a topic of intense study for more than 50 years , its kinetic characterization has been confounded by its large number of phosphorylation states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Questions remain regarding the function of glycogen synthase regulation and the relative importance of allosteric and covalent modification in fulfilling this function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we consider both earlier kinetic studies and more recent site - directed mutagenesis and crystal structure studies in a detailed qualitative discussion of the effects of regulation on the kinetics of glycogen synthase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that both allosteric and covalent modification of glycogen synthase may be described by a Monod - Wyman - Changeux model in terms of apparent changes to L , the equilibrium constant for transition between the T and R conformers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As , with the exception of L , all parameters of this model are independent of the glycogen synthase phosphorylation state , the need to determine kinetic parameters for all possible states is eliminated ; only the relationship between a particular state and L must be established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude by suggesting that renewed efforts to characterize the relationship between phosphorylation and the kinetics of glycogen synthase are essential in order to obtain a better quantitative understanding of the function of glycogen synthesis regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model we propose may prove useful in this regard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LARGE2 generates the same xylose - and glucuronic acid - containing glycan structures as LARGE .", "entity": [{"entity": "xylose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "glucuronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LARGE ( like - glycosyltransferase ) and LARGE2 ( glycosyltransferase - like 1B ( GYLTL1B ) ) are homologous Golgi glycosyltransferases possessing two catalytic domains with homology to members of glycosyltransferase families GT8 and GT49 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in human and mouse Large result in muscular dystrophy due to underglycosylation of dystroglycan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systemic function of LARGE2 is unknown , but at a cellular level the enzyme can substitute for LARGE in glycosylating dystroglycan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that LARGE2 catalyzes the same glycosylation reaction as LARGE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a bifunctional glycosyltransferase using uridine diphosphate ( UDP ) - xylose ( Xyl ) and UDP - glucuronic acid ( GlcA ) as donor sugars to produce a xyloglucuronan with alternating Xyl and GlcA residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "uridine diphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "xylose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Xyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "glucuronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "GlcA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "Xyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 191]}, {"entity": "GlcA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electric field - induced dipole switching at the donor / acceptor interface in organic solar cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Order of dipole moment layers at donor and acceptor interfaces in bilayer organic solar cells is manipulated reversibly by applying bias voltages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energy level shifts at the interfaces induce reversible changes in the open circuit voltage and the diode properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding could lead to a better understanding of the structure - property relationship at the materials interfaces in organic optoelectronic devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible and cyclical transformations between solid and hollow nanostructures in confined reactions of manganese oxide and silica within nanosized spheres .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 120]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annealing of MnO @ SiO ( 2 ) nanospheres in a reducing gas environment resulted in the transformation of the core - shell structure into a hollow structure as a result of outward diffusion of MnO species into the thermodynamically more stable silicate phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "SiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "MnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}, {"entity": "silicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the hollow silicate nanospheres were oxidized , the interior cavities were refilled with a Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) phase segregated from the silicate phase , and the hollow structure reverted to the initial core - shell structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 112]}, {"entity": "silicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More interestingly , when catalytically active Pt nanocrystals were introduced into the manganese oxide / silica system , the Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) was readily reduced to the chemically reactive MnO , even at low temperature , which enabled reconversion of the solid nanospheres with a Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) core to hollow nanostructures during reductive annealing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "manganese oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 142]}, {"entity": "MnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "Mn ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , when MnO @ SiO ( 2 ) / Pt ( II ) nanospheres were subjected to an oxidation / reduction cycle by repeatedly switching the flowing gas between air and hydrogen , the nanospheres underwent a reversible change between solid and hollow structures , depending on the gas environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "SiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "Pt ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solid - to - hollow - to - solid transformation was successfully cycled many times simply by repeatedly switching the flowing gas during annealing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polydatin ameliorates renal injury by attenuating oxidative stress - related inflammatory responses in fructose - induced urate nephropathic mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "urate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of studies have recently demonstrated that the oxidative stress , nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) activation and the subsequent coordinated inflammatory responses played an important role in the pathogenesis of urate nephropathy ( UN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "urate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polydatin has been suggested to have the properties of anti - oxidative , anti - inflammatory and nephroprotective effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the possible protective and beneficial effects of polydatin on UN are not fully elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we investigated the potential beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of polydatin on UN .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , polydatin showed inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase to repress the level of serum uric acid in vivo and in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "xanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further investigations revealed that polydatin displayed little toxic effects and significantly ameliorated the renal function in fructose - induced UN mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nephroprotective activities of polydatin was not only due to the effects on remarkably attenuating the oxidative stress induced by uric acid , but also on markedly suppressing the oxidative stress - related inflammatory cascade , including decreasing the expressions of NF - kappa B p65 , COX - 2 and iNOS proteins and inhibiting the productions of TNF - alpha , PGE ( 2 ) and IL - 1 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings elucidated that polydatin exhibited prominent nephroprotective activities and low toxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alleviation effects of magnesium on copper toxicity and accumulation in grapevine roots evaluated with biotic ligand models .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper toxicity and accumulation in plants are affected by physicochemical characteristics of soil solutions such as the concentrations of coexistent cations ( e . g . , Ca ( 2 + ) , Mg ( 2 + ) , K ( + ) , Na ( + ) , and H ( + ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 203]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 214]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biotic ligand model ( BLM ) approach has been proposed to predict metal phyto - toxicity and - accumulation by taking into account the effects of coexistent cations , given the assumption of the partition equilibrium of metal ions between soil solution and solid phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alleviation effects of Mg on Cu toxicity and accumulation in grapevine roots were the main concerns in this study and were investigated by using a hydroponic experiment of grapevine cuttings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BLM approach , which incorporated competition of Mg ( 2 + ) with Cu ( 2 + ) to occupy the biotic ligands on root surfaces , was developed to predict Cu rhizotoxicity and accumulation by grapevine roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the results , the effective activity of Cu , { Cu ( 2 + ) } , resulting in a 50 % reduction of root elongation ( EA ( 50 ) ) , linearly increased with increments of Mg activity , { Mg ( 2 + ) } .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the Cu concentration in root , Cu ( root ) , was retarded by an increase of { Mg ( 2 + ) } .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The linear model was significantly fitted to the relationship between { Cu ( 2 + ) } / Cu ( root ) and { Mg ( 2 + ) } .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the concept of BLM , the present results revealed that the amelioration effects of Mg on Cu toxicity and accumulation in roots could arise from competition between Mg ( 2 + ) and Cu ( 2 + ) on the binding sites ( i . e . , the biotic ligands ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 187]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the developed Cu - BLMs incorporating the Mg ( 2 + ) competition effectiveness were validated provide accurate predictions of Cu toxicity and accumulation in grapevine roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge this is the first report of the successful development of BLMs for a woody plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This BLM approach shows promise of being widely applicable for various terrestrial plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High yield , reproducible and quasi - automated bilayer formation in a microfluidic format .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A microfluidic platform is reported for various experimentation schemes on cell membrane models and membrane proteins using a combination of electrical and optical measurements , including confocal microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilayer lipid membranes ( BLMs ) are prepared in the device upon spontaneous and instantaneous thinning of the lipid solution in a 100 - mu m dry - etched aperture in a 12 . 5 - mu m thick Teflon foil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Teflon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this quasi - automated approach , a remarkable 100 % membrane formation yield is reached ( including reflushing in 4 % of the cases ) , and BLMs are stable for up to 36 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the potential of this platform is demonstrated for ( i ) the in - depth characterization of BLMs comprising both synthetic and natural lipids ( 1 , 2 - diphytanoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine ( DPhPC ) and L - alpha - phosphatidylcholine ( L - alpha - PC ) / cholesterol , respectively ) in terms of seal resistance , capacitance , surface area , specific capacitance , and membrane hydrophobic thickness ; ( ii ) confocal microscopy imaging of phase separation in sphingomyelin / L - alpha - PC / cholesterol ternary membranes ; ( iii ) electrical measurements of individual nanopores ( alpha - hemolysin , gramicidin ) ; and ( iv ) indirect assessment of the alteration of membrane properties upon exposure to chemical stimuli using the natural nanopore gramicidin as a sensor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 - diphytanoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 213]}, {"entity": "DPhPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "L - alpha - phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 259]}, {"entity": "L - alpha - PC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 276]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 292]}, {"entity": "sphingomyelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [487, 500]}, {"entity": "L - alpha - PC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [503, 517]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [520, 531]}, {"entity": "gramicidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [630, 640]}, {"entity": "gramicidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [778, 788]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical porous materials : catalytic applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we discuss the phenomenon of complementary macropore incorporation into mesoporous and / or microporous solids in order to enhance their catalytic performance in fuels and chemicals synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C3 ' / C4 ' - Stereochemical Effects of Digitoxigenin alpha - L - / alpha - D - Glycoside in Cancer Cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Digitoxigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "alpha - L - / alpha - D - Glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sweet ' n low in stereo : A Wharton reaction was employed along with a diastereoselective palladium - catalyzed glycosylation and other post - glycosylation transformations to synthesize digitoxin analogues .", "entity": [{"entity": "palladium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "digitoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic evaluation against a panel of cancer cell lines uncovered the stereochemical and substitutional limits of the C3 ' / C4 ' - hydroxy functionality in digitoxin monosaccharide .", "entity": [{"entity": "C3 ' / C4 ' - hydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 141]}, {"entity": "digitoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "monosaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigating the motion of diblock copolymer assemblies in ionic liquids by in situ electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The movement of individual block copolymer micelles in free - standing films of ionic liquids is investigated by transmission electron microscopy with the aim of providing an easily accessible high - resolution imaging tool for the in situ observation of particle movement in a liquid environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A proof of concept and first studies on the behavior of individual particles in the fluid are demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peri - islet basement membrane , a barrier to infiltrating leukocytes in type 1 diabetes in mouse and human .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We provide the first comprehensive analysis of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) composition of peri - islet capsules , composed of the peri - islet basement membrane ( BM ) and subjacent interstitial matrix ( IM ) , in development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice and in human type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data demonstrate global loss of peri - islet BM and IM components only at sites of leukocyte infiltration into the islet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereological analyses reveal a correlation between incidence of insulitis and the number of islets showing loss of peri - islet BM versus islets with intact BMs , suggesting that leukocyte penetration of the peri - islet BM is a critical step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protease - and protease inhibitor - specific microarray analyses ( CLIP - CHIP ) of laser - dissected leukocyte infiltrated and noninfiltrated pancreatic islets and confirmatory quantitative real time PCR and protein analyses identified cathepsin S , W , and C activity at sites of leukocyte penetration of the peri - islet BM in association with a macrophage subpopulation in NOD mice and human type 1 diabetic samples and , hence , potentially a novel therapeutic target specifically acting at the islet penetration stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the peri - islet BM and underlying IM are reconstituted once inflammation subsides , indicating that the peri - islet BM - producing cells are not lost due to the inflammation , which has important ramifications to islet transplantation studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal androgen receptor regulates insulin sensitivity via suppression of hypothalamic NF - kappa B - mediated PTP1B expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical investigations highlight the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer ( PCa ) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies using global androgen receptor ( AR ) knockout mice demonstrate that AR deficiency results in the development of insulin resistance in males .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , mechanisms by which AR in individual organs coordinately regulates insulin sensitivity remain unexplored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we tested the hypothesis that functional AR in the brain contributes to whole - body insulin sensitivity regulation and to the metabolic abnormalities developed in AR - deficient male mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mouse model selectively lacking AR in the central nervous system and AR - expressing GT1 - 7 neuronal cells were established and used to delineate molecular mechanisms in insulin signaling modulated by AR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal AR deficiency leads to reduced insulin sensitivity in middle - aged mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal AR regulates hypothalamic insulin signaling by repressing nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) - mediated induction of protein - tyrosine phosphatase 1B ( PTP1B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothalamic insulin resistance leads to hepatic insulin resistance , lipid accumulation , and visceral obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functional deficiency of AR in the hypothalamus leads to male mice being more susceptible to the effects of high - fat diet consumption on PTP1B expression and NF - kappa B activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that in men with PCa undergoing ADT , reduction of AR function in the brain may contribute to insulin resistance and visceral obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacotherapies targeting neuronal AR and NF - kappa B may be developed to combat the metabolic syndrome in men receiving ADT and in elderly men with age - associated hypogonadism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of cross - species shared transcriptional networks of diabetic nephropathy in human and mouse glomeruli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murine models are valuable instruments in defining the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) , but they only partially recapitulate disease manifestations of human DN , limiting their utility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To define the molecular similarities and differences between human and murine DN , we performed a cross - species comparison of glomerular transcriptional networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glomerular gene expression was profiled in patients with early type 2 DN and in three mouse models ( streptozotocin DBA / 2 , C57BLKS db / db , and eNOS - deficient C57BLKS db / db mice ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species - specific transcriptional networks were generated and compared with a novel network - matching algorithm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three shared human - mouse cross - species glomerular transcriptional networks containing 143 ( Human - DBA STZ ) , 97 ( Human - BKS db / db ) , and 162 ( Human - BKS eNOS ( - / - ) db / db ) gene nodes were generated .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shared nodes across all networks reflected established pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes complications , such as elements of Janus kinase ( JAK ) / signal transducer and activator of transcription ( STAT ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , novel pathways not previously associated with DN and cross - species gene nodes and pathways unique to each of the human - mouse networks were discovered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human - mouse shared glomerular transcriptional networks will assist DN researchers in selecting mouse models most relevant to the human disease process of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , they will allow identification of new pathways shared between mice and humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolite profiling reveals normal metabolic control in carriers of mutations in the glucokinase gene ( MODY2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase ( GCK ) cause a mild hereditary form of diabetes termed maturity - onset diabetes of the young ( MODY ) 2 or GCK - MODY .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disease does not progress over time , and diabetes complications rarely develop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has therefore been suggested that GCK - MODY represents a metabolically compensated condition , but experimental support for this notion is lacking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we profiled metabolites in serum from patients with MODY1 ( HNF4A ) , MODY2 ( GCK ) , MODY3 ( HNF1A ) , and type 2 diabetes and from healthy individuals to characterize metabolic perturbations caused by specific mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of four GCK - MODY patients revealed a metabolite pattern similar to that of healthy individuals , while other forms of diabetes differed markedly in their metabolite profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , despite elevated glucose concentrations , carriers of GCK mutations showed lower levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides than healthy control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolite profiling was confirmed by enzymatic assays and replicated in a cohort of 11 GCK - MODY patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated levels of fatty acids are known to associate with beta - cell dysfunction , insulin resistance , and increased incidence of late complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that GCK - MODY represents a metabolically normal condition , which may contribute to the lack of late complications and the nonprogressive nature of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intrahypothalamic estradiol regulates glucose metabolism via the sympathetic nervous system in female rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term reduced hypothalamic estrogen signaling leads to increased food intake and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure , and ultimately results in obesity and insulin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , we aimed to determine the acute obesity - independent effects of hypothalamic estrogen signaling on glucose metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied endogenous glucose production ( EGP ) and insulin sensitivity during selective modulation of systemic or intrahypothalamic estradiol ( E2 ) signaling in rats 1 week after ovariectomy ( OVX ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OVX caused a 17 % decrease in plasma glucose , which was completely restored by systemic E2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , the administration of E2 by microdialysis , either in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) or in the ventromedial nucleus ( VMH ) , restored plasma glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The infusion of an E2 antagonist via reverse microdialysis into the PVN or VMH attenuated the effect of systemic E2 on plasma glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , E2 administration in the VMH , but not in the PVN , increased EGP and induced hepatic insulin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E2 administration in both the PVN and the VMH resulted in peripheral insulin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , sympathetic , but not parasympathetic , hepatic denervation blunted the effect of E2 in the VMH on both EGP and hepatic insulin sensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , intrahypothalamic estrogen regulates peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity via sympathetic signaling to the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative analysis of four oxidized guanine lesions from reactions of DNA with peroxynitrite , singlet oxygen , and gamma - radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative damage to DNA has many origins , including irradiation , inflammation , and oxidative stress , but the chemistries are not the same .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most oxidizable base in DNA is 2 - deoxyguanosine ( dG ) , and the primary oxidation products are 8 - oxodG and 2 - amino - imidazolone .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "8 - oxodG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - imidazolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter rapidly converts to 2 , 2 - diamino - oxazolone ( Ox ) , and 8 - oxodG is further oxidized to spiroiminodihydantoin ( Sp ) and guanidinohydantoin ( Gh ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 - diamino - oxazolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 58]}, {"entity": "8 - oxodG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "spiroiminodihydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 126]}, {"entity": "guanidinohydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have examined the dose - response relationship for the formation of the above four products arising in calf thymus DNA exposed to gamma irradiation , photoactivated rose bengal , and two sources of peroxynitrite .", "entity": [{"entity": "rose bengal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to carry out these experiments , we developed a chromatographic system and synthesized isotopomeric internal standards to enable accurate and precise analysis based upon selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 - OxodG was the most abundant products in all cases , but its accumulation was highly dependent on the nature of the oxidizing agent and the subsequent conversion to Sp and Gh .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - OxodG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the other oxidation products , Ox was the most abundant , and Sp was formed in significantly greater yield than Gh .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of Escherichia coli by sonoelectrocatalytic disinfection using TiO2 as electrode .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first study to demonstrate sonoelectrocatalytic disinfection using titanium dioxide ( TiO ( 2 ) ) as an anode for effective inactivation of Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In brief , a non - woven TiO ( 2 ) fabric used as an anode and a platinum cathode were immersed in an E . coli suspension in which a positive potential was applied to TiO ( 2 ) concomitant with ultrasound ( US ) irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two control experiments were performed using E . coli suspensions to exhibit the effects of the sonoelectrocatalytic disinfection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was disinfection by applying a positive potential to a TiO ( 2 ) electrode , but without US irradiation ( electrochemical disinfection ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other was disinfection without applying a potential , but with US irradiation in the presence of TiO ( 2 ) ( sonocatalytic disinfection ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell inactivation rate in sonoelectrocatalytic disinfection was synergistically much more enhanced than the combined inactivation rates in electrochemical disinfection and sonocatalytic disinfection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This synergistically enhanced inactivation rate of E . coli cells was attributable to effective reaction of the sonocatalytically generated OH radicals with E . coli cells at the surface of the TiO ( 2 ) anode , which resulted from the electroadsorption of E . coli cells toward the TiO ( 2 ) anode .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 203]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent major depressive disorder : Imbalance of neurokinin ( NK ) - 1 and NK - 2 receptor expression in monocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing evidence suggests that tachykinins are involved in the control of different pathological conditions , including psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we evaluated the expression of NK ( 1 ) and NK ( 2 ) receptors ( NK - 1R and NK - 2R ) , as well as the effects of substance P ( SP ) and neurokinin A ( NKA ) , in monocytes isolated from 15 healthy subjects and 15 patients with recurrent major depressive disorder ( RMDD ) , under stable antidepressant therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "substance P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "neurokinin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 164]}, {"entity": "NKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NK - 1R expression in monocytes from RMDD patients was significantly decreased as compared to healthy subjects , whereas NK - 2R expression was markedly increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both NK - 1R and NK - 2R expression correlated with HAM - D , but not HAM - A , score .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SP , NKA and selective NK - 1R and NK - 2R agonists stimulated TNF - alpha release in monocytes of both groups , with a significant higher effect observed in RMDD .", "entity": [{"entity": "NKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover they induced NF - kappa B activation , which was reversed by selective NK - 1R and NK - 2R antagonists , so demonstrating that it was receptor - mediated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The occurrence of a profound alteration in NK receptor expression in RMDD is a novel finding that suggests NK - 1R and NK - 2R pathways as possible relevant players in major depressive disorder , so improving our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of mitochondria and biotransformation in abamectin - induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "abamectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abamectin ( ABA ) , which belongs to the family of avermectins , is used as a parasiticide ; however , ABA poisoning can impair liver function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abamectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "avermectins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous study using isolated rat liver mitochondria , we observed that ABA inhibited the activity of adenine nucleotide translocator and FoF1 - ATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "adenine nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of ABA toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes and to evaluate whether this effect is dependent on its metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxicity of ABA was assessed by monitoring oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential , intracellular ATP concentration , cell viability , intracellular Ca ( 2 + ) homeostasis , release of cytochrome c , caspase 3 activity and necrotic cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABA reduces cellular respiration in cells energized with glutamate and malate or succinate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "malate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatocytes that were previously incubated with proadifen , a cytochrome P450 inhibitor , are more sensitive to the compound as observed by a rapid decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential accompanied by reductions in ATP concentration and cell viability and a disruption of intracellular Ca ( 2 + ) homeostasis followed by necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "proadifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 233]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that ABA biotransformation reduces its toxicity , and its toxic action is related to the inhibition of mitochondrial activity , which leads to decreased synthesis of ATP followed by cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - ( Methylnitrosamino ) - 1 - ( 3 - pyridyl ) - 1 - butanone ( NNK ) metabolism - related enzymes gene polymorphisms , NNK metabolites levels and urothelial carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( Methylnitrosamino ) - 1 - ( 3 - pyridyl ) - 1 - butanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 62]}, {"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene polymorphisms of the 4 - ( methylnitrosamino ) - 1 - ( 3 - pyridyl ) - 1 - butanone ( NNK ) metabolism - related enzymes - cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) monooxygenase 2A13 ( CYP2A13 ) and UDP - glucuronosyltransferases ( UGT ) - 2B7 could contribute to the levels of NNK - related metabolites in urine , thereby increasing the susceptibility to urothelial carcinoma ( UC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( methylnitrosamino ) - 1 - ( 3 - pyridyl ) - 1 - butanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 88]}, {"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our study aimed to evaluate the roles of two gene polymorphisms ( CYP2A13 and UGT2B7 ) of NNK metabolism - related enzymes in the carcinogenesis of UC in Taiwan .", "entity": [{"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hospital - based pilot case - control study was conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 121 UC cases and 121 age - and sex - matched healthy participants recruited from March 2007 to April 2009 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine samples were analyzed for NNK - related metabolites using the liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method .", "entity": [{"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotyping was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANCOVA and multivariate logistic regression were applied for data analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In healthy controls , former smokers had significantly higher total NNAL and higher NNAL - Gluc than never smokers or current smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "NNAL - Gluc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects carrying the UGT2B7 268 His / Tyr or Tyr / Tyr genotype had significantly lower total NNAL than those carrying His / His genotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no association was seen between gene polymorphisms of CYP2A13 and UGT2B7 and UC risk after adjustment for age and sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant dose - response associations between total NNAL , free NNAL , the ratios of free NNAL / total NNAL and NNAL - Gluc / total NNAL and UC risk were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "NNAL - Gluc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "NNAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the future , large - scale studies will be required to verify the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of NNK metabolism - related enzymes and UC risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "NNK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel potassium channel blocker venom peptides from Mesobuthus gibbosus ( Scorpiones : Buthidae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report for the first time , the molecular , biochemical and electrophysiological characterization of the components present in the soluble venom from Mesobuthus gibbosus ( Brull e , 1832 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the epidemiological and clinical situation of scorpion envenomation cases M . gibbosus scorpion is one of the most important health - threatening species of Turkey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the medical importance reported for M . gibbosus , there is no additional information on toxin peptides and venom components to clarify the toxic effect of the M . gibbosus sting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical characterization of the venom was performed using different protocols and techniques following a bioassay - guided strategy ( HPLC , mass spectrometry and Edman degradation sequencing ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venom fractions were tested in electrophysiological assays on a panel of six K ( + ) channels ( K ( v ) 1 . 1 - 1 . 6 ) by using the two - electrode voltage clamp technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new alpha - KTx peptides were found and called MegKTx1 , MegKTx2 and MegKTx3 ( M . gibbosus , K ( + ) channel toxin number 1 - 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cDNA library from the telson was constructed and specific screening of transcripts was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical and molecular characterization of MegKTx peptides and transcripts shows a relation with toxins of three different alpha - KTx subfamilies ( alpha - KTx3 . x , alpha - KTx9 . x and alpha - KTx16 . x ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of high content image analyses to detect chemical - mediated effects on neurite sub - populations in primary rat cortical neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional developmental neurotoxicity tests performed in vivo are costly , time - consuming and utilize a large number of animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to address these inefficiencies , in vitro models of neuronal development have been used in a first tier screening approach for developmental neurotoxicity hazard identification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One commonly used endpoint for assessing developmental neurotoxicity in vitro is measurement of neurite outgrowth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This biological process is amenable to high - throughput measurement using high content imaging ( HCI ) based methodologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , a majority of HCI studies of neurite outgrowth have focused on measurements of total neurite outgrowth without examining whether stereotypic neuronal growth patterns are disrupted or whether specific sub - populations of neurites ( i . e . axons or dendrites ) are selectively affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study describes the development and implementation of two HCI based analysis methods for assessing chemical effects on neuronal maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These methods utilize the stereotypical growth pattern of primary rat cortical neurons in culture ( i . e . the Staging Method ) , as well as the differential cytoplasmic distribution of beta ( III ) - tubulin and MAP2 ( i . e . the Subtraction Method ) , to quantify inhibition of neurite initiation , axon outgrowth and secondary neurite ( or dendrite ) outgrowth in response to chemical exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results demonstrate that these distinct maturational processes are differentially affected by pharmacological compounds ( K252a , Na ( 3 ) VO ( 4 ) , Bis - 1 ) known to inhibit neurite outgrowth .", "entity": [{"entity": "K252a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "Na ( 3 ) VO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 147]}, {"entity": "Bis - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a group of known developmental neurotoxicants also differentially affected the growth of axons and secondary neurites in primary cortical culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work improves upon previous HCI methods by providing a means in which to rapidly and specifically quantify chemical effects on the growth of axons and dendrites in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic RNA aptamers in clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA aptamers can fold into complex structures and bind with high affinity and selectivity to various macromolecules , viruses , and cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are isolated from a large pool of nucleic acids by a conceptually straightforward iterative selection process called SELEX .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aptamers have enormous potential as therapeutics due to their ability to bind to proteins and specifically inhibit their functions with minimal or no harmful side - effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first aptamer therapeutic was FDA approved in 2005 and a number of novel aptamer - based therapeutics are currently undergoing clinical trials for treating diseases such as macular degeneration , choroidal neovascularization , intravascular thrombus , acute coronary syndrome , von Willebrand factor related disorders , von Hippel - Lindau syndrome ( VHL ) , angiomas , acute myeloid leukemia , renal cell carcinoma , non - small cell lung cancer , thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , and several others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we present aptamers in on - going , completed , and terminated clinical studies highlighting their mechanism of action as well as the inherent challenges of aptamer production and use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superoxide anion mediates the L - selectin down - regulation induced by non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs in human neutrophils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) induce the shedding of L - selectin in human neutrophils through a mechanism still not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we studied both the functional effect of NSAIDs on the neutrophils / endothelial cells dynamic interaction , and the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in the NSAIDs - mediated down - regulation of L - selectin .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When human neutrophils were incubated with diclofenac , a significant reduction in the number of cells that rolled on activated endothelial cells was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different NSAIDs ( flufenamic acid , meclofenamic acid , diclofenac , indomethacin , nimesulide , flurbiprofen , meloxicam , phenylbutazone , piroxicam , ketoprofen and aspirin ) caused variable increase in neutrophil intracellular ROS concentration , which was inversely proportional to the change produced in L - selectin surface expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "flufenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "meclofenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "nimesulide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "flurbiprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "phenylbutazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "ketoprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - incubation of neutrophils with superoxide dismutase , but not with catalase , showed both a significant protective effect on the L - selectin down - regulation induced by several NSAIDs and a diminished effect of diclofenac on neutrophil rolling .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , diclofenac and flufenamic acid but not piroxicam significantly increased the extracellular superoxide anion production by neutrophils , and inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) - oxidase activity with diphenyleneiodonium prevented the down - regulation of L - selectin by diclofenac .", "entity": [{"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "flufenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 213]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 221]}, {"entity": "diphenyleneiodonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 267]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with these results , neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease , a hereditary disease in which neutrophils show a reduced capacity to form superoxide radicals , exhibited a lower down - regulation of L - selectin ( IC50 : 15 . 3 mu g / ml ) compared to normal controls ( IC50 : 5 . 6 mu g / ml ) in response to diclofenac .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A group of NSAIDs is capable of interfering with the ability of neutrophils to interact with endothelial cells by triggering L - selectin - shedding through the NADPH - oxidase - dependent generation of superoxide anion at the plasma membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteasome inhibition attenuates heart failure during the late stages of pressure overload through alterations in collagen expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the role of the ubiquitin - proteasome system ( UPS ) in cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload has been consistently studied , the fundamental importance of the UPS in cardiac fibrosis has received much less attention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous study found that proteasome inhibitor ( MG132 ) treatment attenuated cardiac fibrosis and heart failure during the early and middle stages of pressure overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the effects of this inhibitor on late - stage pressure overload hearts remain unclear and controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of MG132 on cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction during the late stages of pressure overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Sprague Dawley rats with abdominal aortic constriction ( AAC ) or a sham operation received an intraperitoneal injection of MG132 ( 0 . 1 mg kg - (1) day - (1) ) or vehicle for 16 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular ( LV ) function , collagen deposition and Ang II levels were evaluated at study termination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ang II - stimulated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts were utilized to examine the effects of MG132 on collagen synthesis and the relationship between the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system ( RAAS ) and the UPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MG132 treatment attenuated ventricular dysfunction by suppressing cardiac fibrosis rather than inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy during the late - stages of pressure overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that Ang II activates UPS in the heart and MG132 attenuates Ang II - induced collagen synthesis via suppression of the NF - kappa B / TGF - beta / Smad2 signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteasome inhibition therefore could provide a new promising therapeutic strategy to prevent cardiac fibrosis and progression of heart failure even during the late - stages of pressure overload .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yuwen02f1 suppresses LPS - induced endotoxemia and adjuvant - induced arthritis primarily through blockade of ROS formation , NFkB and MAPK activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phagocytes release inflammatory mediators to defense harmful stimuli upon bacterial invasion , however , excessive inflammatory reaction leads to tissue damage and manifestation of pathological states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , targeting on uncontrolled inflammation seems feasible to control numerous inflammation - associated diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the drug screening process of synthetic diphenylpyrazole derivatives , we discovered compound yuwen02f1 possesses anti - inflammatory effects in decreasing the release of pro - inflammatory cytokines including TNF alpha and IL - 6 , nitric oxide , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) as well as inhibiting migration of LPS - stimulated phagocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenylpyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 251]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we observed that the molecular mechanism of yuwen02f1 - mediated anti - inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MAPK molecules including ERK1 / 2 , JNK and p38 , and attenuating translocation of p47 ( phox ) and p67 ( phox ) to the cell membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yuwen02f1 also reverses I kappa B alpha degradation and attenuates the expression of NF kappa B - related downstream inducible enzymes like iNOS and COX - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found that yuwen02f1 attenuates some pathological syndromes of LPS - induced sepsis and adjuvant - induced arthritis in mice , as evidenced by decreasing the cytokine production , reversing thrombocytopenic syndrome , protecting the mice from tissue injury in septic mice , and attenuating paw edema in arthritic mice as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that yuwen02f1 is a potential anti - inflammatory agent for alleviating syndromes of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases as evidenced by attenuating the generation of cytokines and down - regulating the expression of iNOS and COX - 2 through the blockade of ROS generation and NADPH oxidase , NF kappa B and MAPK activation pathways in LPS - stimulated phagocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "yuwen02f1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [303, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effects of erythropoietin on astrocytic swelling after oxygen - glucose deprivation and reoxygenation : mediation through AQP4 expression and MAPK pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent in vivo studies have shown that erythropoietin ( EPO ) offers strong protection against brain edema .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the intracellular and molecular mechanisms behind this beneficial effect have not been specified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether human erythropoietin ( rhEPO ) reduces the astrocytic swelling created by oxygen - glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation ( OGD / Reox ) in vitro and whether this effect can be mediated through the modulation of aquaporin4 ( AQP4 ) expression in the plasma membrane ( PM ) and phosphorylation of the mitogen - activated protein kinase pathway ( MAPK ) pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that OGD / Reox produced increase in cell volume , morphological swelling , and mitochondrial swelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes were associated with the up - regulation of AQP4 in PM and the over - activation of MAPK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing AQP4 expression using small interfering ribonucleic acid for AQP4 was found to block astrocytic swelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the over - activation of MAPK mitigated the PM AQP4 overabundance and cellular swelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , treatment with rhEPO significantly reduced the OGD / Reox - induced increase in cell volume , morphological swelling , and mitochondrial swelling as well as the up - regulation of AQP4 in PM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , cultures treated with the neutralizing anti - EPO antibody worsened the PM AQP4 abundance and cellular swelling , abolishing the protective effects mediated by rhEPO treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the over - activation of these MAPK after OGD / Reox was attenuated by rhEPO treatment significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data strongly suggest that rhEPO can protect astrocytes from swelling caused by ischemia and reperfusion - like injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This neuroprotective capacity is partially mediated by diminishing the MAPK - activity - dependent overabundance of AQP4 in PM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicogenomic biomarkers for renal papillary injury in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal papillary injury is a common side effect observed during nonclinical and clinical investigations in drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to identify genomic biomarkers for early and sensitive detection of renal papillary injury in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that previously identified genomic biomarkers for tubular injury might be applicable for the sensitive detection of papillary injury in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We selected 18 genes as candidate biomarkers for papillary injury based on previously published studies and analyzed their expression profiles by RT - PCR in each kidney region , namely the cortex , cortico - medullary junction , and papilla in various nephrotoxicity models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that some genes were commonly upregulated or downregulated in the renal papilla , reflecting papillary injuries induced by 2 - bromoethylamine hydrobromide , phenylbutazone , or n - phenylanthranilic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - bromoethylamine hydrobromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 213]}, {"entity": "phenylbutazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 230]}, {"entity": "n - phenylanthranilic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying receiver operator characteristics analysis , six candidate biomarkers were identified and their usefulness was confirmed by using an independent data set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three top - ranked genes , Timp1 , Igf1 , and Lamc2 , exhibited the best prediction performance in an external data set with area under the curve ( AUC ) values of greater than 0 . 91 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An optimized support vector machine model consisting of three genes achieved the highest AUC value of 0 . 99 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , even though definitive validation studies are required for the establishment of their usefulness and reliability , these identified genes may prove to be the most promising candidate genomic biomarkers of renal papillary injury in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential responses in ammonia excretion , sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the acute physiological responses to high environmental ammonia ( HEA ) , particularly the linkages between branchial ammonia fluxes and unidirectional Na ( + ) fluxes , as well as urea excretion , cortisol , and indicators of gill permeability in three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia ; the highly sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss ( rainbow trout ) , the less sensitive cyprinid Cyprinus carpio ( common carp ) and the highly resistant cyprinid Carassius auratus ( goldfish ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 197]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 218]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [322, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish were acutely exposed to two sub - lethal ammonia concentrations ( as NH ( 4 ) HCO ( 3 ) ) at pH 7 . 9 : 1 mM for a period of 12 h , identical for all species , and 5 mM for the cyprinids and 1 . 4 mM for the trout for 3 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "NH ( 4 ) HCO ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevation of plasma cortisol at both levels of HEA was apparent in all species .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 mM , ammonia excretion ( J ( amm ) ) was inhibited to a greater extent in trout than cyprinids and concurrently a significantly higher plasma ammonia level was evident in trout .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "amm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However J ( amm ) was reversed in all species at 5 or 1 . 4 mM .", "entity": [{"entity": "amm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goldfish showed a significant increase in urea excretion rate ( J ( urea ) ) during HEA exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In carp and trout , neither level of HEA elevated J ( urea ) but urea production was increased as evidenced by a considerable elevation of plasma urea .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1mM HEA , Na ( + ) imbalance became progressively more severe in trout and carp due to a stimulation of unidirectional Na ( + ) efflux ( J ( out ) ( Na ) ) without a concomitant increase in unidirectional Na ( + ) influx ( J ( in ) ( Na ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 154]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , a transient reduction of J ( in ) ( Na ) was evident in trout .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Goldfish showed an opposite trend for J ( out ) ( Na ) with reduced efflux rates and a positive Na ( + ) balance during the first few hours of HEA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after 12 h of exposure , both J ( in ) ( Na ) and J ( out ) ( Na ) were also increased in both carp and goldfish , whereas only J ( out ) ( Na ) was increased in trout , leading to a net Na ( + ) loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Na ( + ) homeostasis was entirely disrupted in all three species when subjected to the 5 or 1 . 4 mM ammonia for 3 h : J ( in ) ( Na ) was significantly inhibited while considerable activation of J ( out ) ( Na ) was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusive water efflux rates and net K ( + ) loss rates across the gills were enhanced during HEA only in trout , indicating an increment in gill transcellular permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transepithelial potential was increased in all the species during ammonia exposure , but to the least extent in goldfish .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , for several different physiological systems , trout were most disturbed , and goldfish were least disturbed by HEA , helping to explain the differential ammonia tolerance of the three species .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic pathways of inhaled glucocorticoids by the CYP3A enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world , for which the mainstay treatment has been inhaled glucocorticoids ( GCs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the widespread use of these drugs , approximately 30 % of asthma sufferers exhibit some degree of steroid insensitivity or are refractory to inhaled GCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is interpatient variability in the clearance of these compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this research is to determine how metabolism of GCs by the CYP3A family of enzymes could affect their effectiveness in asthmatic patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the metabolism of four frequently prescribed inhaled GCs , triamcinolone acetonide , flunisolide , budesonide , and fluticasone propionate , by the CYP3A family of enzymes was studied to identify differences in their rates of clearance and to identify their metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "triamcinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 97]}, {"entity": "flunisolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "budesonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "fluticasone propionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both interenzyme and interdrug variability in rates of metabolism and metabolic fate were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP3A4 was the most efficient metabolic catalyst for all the compounds , and CYP3A7 had the slowest rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP3A5 , which is particularly relevant to GC metabolism in the lungs , was also shown to efficiently metabolize triamcinolone acetonide , budesonide , and fluticasone propionate .", "entity": [{"entity": "triamcinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "budesonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "fluticasone propionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , flunisolide was only metabolized via CYP3A4 , with no significant turnover by CYP3A5 or CYP3A7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "flunisolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common metabolites included 6 beta - hydroxylation and Delta ( 6 ) - dehydrogenation for triamcinolone acetonide , budesonide , and flunisolide .", "entity": [{"entity": "triamcinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 112]}, {"entity": "budesonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "flunisolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of Delta ( 6 ) - flunisolide was unambiguously established by NMR analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delta ( 6 ) - flunisolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism also occurred on the D - ring substituents , including the 21 - carboxy metabolites for triamcinolone acetonide and flunisolide .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - carboxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "triamcinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "flunisolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel metabolite 21 - nortriamcinolone acetonide was also identified by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry and NMR analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - nortriamcinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IsoDGR - tagged albumin : a new alpha v beta 3 selective carrier for nanodrug delivery to tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new cyclic peptide containing the isoDGR motif that , after coupling to albumin , selectively binds alpha v beta 3 , an integrin overexpressed in the tumor vasculature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IsoDGR - tagged albumin binds tumor vessels and can be exploited as a carrier for the preparation of tumor vasculature - selective nanomedicines , such as gold nanoparticles ( Au ) carrying tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF ) , a potent vascular damaging agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 by improving the specific facet - induced spontaneous separation of photogenerated electrons and holes .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been proven that directional flow of photogenerated charge carriers occurs on specific facets of TiO ( 2 ) nanocrystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we demonstrate that the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO ( 2 ) nanocrystals in both photoreduction and photooxidation processes can be enhanced by selectively depositing Pt nanoparticles on the { 101 } facets , which strengthens spontaneously surface - induced separation between photogenerated electrons and holes in the photocatalysis process .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An optimal ratio of the oxidative { 001 } facets to the reductive { 101 } facets exists with regard to the photocatalysis of the faceted TiO ( 2 ) nanocrystals , and this is crucial for balancing the recombination and redox reaction rates of photogenerated electrons and holes .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work might help us gain deeper insight into the relation between the specific surface of semiconductor photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities and provides us with a new route to design photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noncompetitive , voltage - dependent NMDA receptor antagonism by hydrophobic anions .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptor ( NMDAR ) antagonists are dissociative anesthetics , drugs of abuse , and are of therapeutic interest in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many well - known NMDAR antagonists are positively charged , voltage - dependent channel blockers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently showed that the hydrophobic anion dipicrylamine ( DPA ) negatively regulates GABA ( A ) receptor function by a mechanism indistinguishable from that of sulfated neurosteroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipicrylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "sulfated neurosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because sulfated neurosteroids also modulate NMDARs , here we examined the effects of DPA on NMDAR function .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat hippocampal neurons DPA inhibited currents gated by 300 micro M NMDA with an IC ( 50 ) of 2 . 3 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither onset nor offset of antagonism exhibited dependence on channel activation but exhibited a noncompetitive profile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPA antagonism was independent of NMDAR subunit composition and was similar at extrasynaptic and total receptor populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , similar to cationic channel blockers but unlike sulfated neurosteroids , DPA antagonism was voltage dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfated neurosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Onset and offset of DPA antagonism were nearly 10 - fold faster than DPA - induced increases in membrane capacitance , suggesting that membrane interactions do not directly explain antagonism .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , voltage dependence did not derive from association of DPA with a site on NMDARs directly accessible to the outer membrane leaflet , assessed by DPA translocation experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the expected lack of channel block , DPA antagonism did not interact with permeant ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we speculate that voltage dependence may arise from interactions of DPA with the inherent voltage dependence of channel gating .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , we conclude that DPA noncompetitively inhibits NMDA - induced current by a novel voltage - dependent mechanism and represents a new class of anionic NMDAR antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural optimization of 2 , 5 - thiophene amides as highly potent and selective 17 beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - thiophene amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 51]}, {"entity": "17 beta - hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of 17 beta - HSD2 is an attractive mechanism for the treatment of osteoporosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the optimization of human 17 beta - HSD2 inhibitors in the 2 , 5 - thiophene amide class by varying the size of the linker ( n equals 0 and 2 ) between the amide moiety and the phenyl group .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - thiophene amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 97]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 176]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While none of the phenethylamides ( n = 2 ) were active , most of the anilides ( n = 0 ) turned out to moderately or strongly inhibit 17 beta - HSD2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenethylamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "anilides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four most active compounds showed an IC 5 0 of around 60 nM and a very good selectivity toward 17 beta - HSD1 , 17 beta - HSD4 , 17 beta - HSD5 , 11 beta - HSD1 , 11 beta - HSD2 and the estrogen receptors alpha and beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The investigated compounds inhibited monkey 17 beta - HSD2 moderately , and one of them showed good inhibitory activity on mouse 17 beta - HSD2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAR studies allowed a first characterization of the human 17 beta - HSD2 active site , which is predicted to be considerably larger than that of 17 beta - HSD1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P2Y purinergic receptors : new targets for analgesic and antimigraine drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from acute and , more severely , chronic pain conditions ( e . g . , neuropathic pain , and migraine ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter bear tremendous personal , familial , and social costs , since sufferers and their relatives undergo a complete turnaround of their lives with the search of relief from pain becoming their pivotal thought .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sadly , to date no effective pharmacological approaches are available which can alleviate chronic pain significantly or in the long run in all patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current central strategy for the development of new and effective painkillers lies in the hypothesis that cellular and / or molecular players in nociception must exists that are not targeted by \" classical \" analgesics , and therefore researchers have put tremendous efforts into the in - depth analysis of the pathways leading to pain development and maintenance over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this complex scenario , two outsiders are now taking the center stage : glial cells in sensory ganglia and in the central nervous system , thanks to their ability to communicate with neurons and to modulate their firing , and the purinergic system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are involved in the physiology of virtually every body district , and their extracellular concentrations massively increase under pathological situations , suggesting that they might represent potential targets for the modulation of disease - associated symptoms , like pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "purine and pyrimidine nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we provide an overview of the present knowledge of the role of nucleotides in nociception , with a particular emphasis on G protein - coupled P2Y receptors and their involvement in the communication between first - and second - order neurons in sensory nerve pathways and surrounding glial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Answers to critics : Why there is a long term toxicity due to a Roundup - tolerant genetically modified maize and to a Roundup herbicide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our recent work ( S e ralini et al . , 2012 ) remains to date the most detailed study involving the life - long consumption of an agricultural genetically modified organism ( GMO ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is true especially for NK603 maize for which only a 90 - day test for commercial release was previously conducted using the same rat strain ( Hammond et al . , 2004 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also the first long term detailed research on mammals exposed to a highly diluted pesticide in its total formulation with adjuvants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may explain why 75 % of our first criticisms arising within a week , among publishing authors , come from plant biologists , some developing patents on GMOs , even if it was a toxicological paper on mammals , and from Monsanto Company who owns both the NK603 GM maize and Roundup herbicide ( R ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study has limits like any one , and here we carefully answer to all criticisms from agencies , consultants and scientists , that were sent to the Editor or to ourselves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this level , a full debate is biased if the toxicity tests on mammals of NK603 and R obtained by Monsanto Company remain confidential and thus unavailable in an electronic format for the whole scientific community to conduct independent scrutiny of the raw data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our article , the conclusions of long - term NK603 and Roundup toxicities came from the statistically highly discriminant findings at the biochemical level in treated groups in comparison to controls , because these findings do correspond in an blinded analysis to the pathologies observed in organs , that were in turn linked to the deaths by anatomopathologists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GM NK603 and R cannot be regarded as safe to date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased levels of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in cancerous endometrium compared to adjacent non - cancerous tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endometrial cancer is associated with enhanced cell proliferation due to high concentrations of estrogens , and decreased cell differentiation due to low levels of progesterone and retinoic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also associated with aberrant inflammatory responses and concomitant increased production of prostaglandins .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human members of the aldo - keto reductase 1B ( AKR1B ) subfamily , AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 , have roles in these processes and can thus be implicated in endometrial cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , there have been no reports on the expression of AKR1B1 in endometrial cancer , while AKR1B10 has only been studied at the cellular level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the roles of these AKR1B enzymes , we investigated expression of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in 47 paired samples of cancerous and adjacent control endometrium at the mRNA and protein levels , by quantitative PCR , Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of AKR1B1 in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent endometrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene expression of AKR1B10 at the mRNA level was significantly increased , while there were significantly decreased protein levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemistry revealed that both of these enzymes were present in all of the samples , and are located in epithelial cells of cancerous and control endometrial glands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated levels in adjacent non - cancerous tissues imply that these enzymes are more important in the initiation of endometrial cancer than in its progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first report on the expression of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in endometrial cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are needed to define the precise roles of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of arsenite in astrocytes on neuronal signaling transduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that arsenite induces neurotoxicity via effects on astrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astrocytes were exposed to 0 , 5 or 10 mu M arsenite in medium for 24 h , and then astrocyte - conditioned medium ( ACM ) was collected after incubation with fresh medium for 6 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary neuron cultures were divided into four groups due to ACM , which were neurons without ACM exposure ( group I ) and neurons exposed to ACM from 0 , 5 or 10 mu M arsenite treated astrocytes ( group II - IV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein expression of N - methyl - d - aspartate receptors ( NR1 , NR2A , NR2B ) , calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II ( CaMKII ) and adenylate cyclase ( AC ) in neurons were measured after incubation with ACM for 4 , 8 or 12 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "adenylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological changes and synaptic formation were observed after a 72 h - incubation with ACM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to group II , synaptic formation and protein expression of NR2A , NR2B , CaMKII and AC in group III and IV were significantly suppressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , synaptic formation and protein expression of CaMKII and AC in group II were significantly enhanced when compared with group I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , findings from this study suggested that arsenic in astrocytes might impair synaptic formation through disturbing astrocytic effects on neuronal signal transduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity of the synthetic polymeric 3 - alkylpyridinium salt ( APS3 ) is due to specific block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - alkylpyridinium salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 60]}, {"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo and in vitro toxic effects of the synthetic polymeric 3 - alkylpyridinium salt ( APS3 ) , from the Mediterranean marine sponge Reniera sarai , were evaluated on mammals , with emphasis to determine its mode of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - alkylpyridinium salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 90]}, {"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median lethal doses of APS3 were 7 . 25 and higher that 20mg / kg in mouse and rat , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous administration of 7 . 25 and 20mg / kg APS3 to rat caused a significant fall followed by an increase in mean arterial blood pressure accompanied by tachycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , cumulative doses of APS3 ( up to 60 mg / kg ) inhibited rat nerve - evoked skeletal muscle contraction in vivo , with a median inhibitory dose ( ID ( 50 ) ) of 37 . 25mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When administrated locally by intramuscular injection to mouse , APS3 decreased the compound muscle action potential recorded in response to in vivo nerve stimulation , with an ID ( 50 ) of 0 . 5mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of APS3 on mouse hemidiaphragm nerve - evoked muscle contraction with a median inhibitory concentration ( IC ( 50 ) ) of 20 . 3 mu M , without affecting directly elicited muscle contraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound inhibited also miniature endplate potentials and nerve - evoked endplate potentials with an IC ( 50 ) of 7 . 28 mu M in mouse hemidiaphragm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , APS3 efficiently blocked acetylcholine - activated membrane inward currents flowing through Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) incorporated to Xenopus oocytes , with an IC ( 50 ) of 0 . 19 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our results strongly suggest that APS3 blocks muscle - type nAChRs , and show for the first time that in vivo toxicity of APS3 is likely to occur through an antagonist action of the compound on these receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "APS3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characteristic molecular signature for the early detection and prediction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rat liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predictions of toxicity are central for the assessment of chemical toxicity , and the effects of environmental toxic compounds are still a major issue for predicting potential human health risks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the various environmental toxicants , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) are an important class of environmental pollutant , and many PAHs are known or suspected carcinogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 76]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , to investigate whether characteristic expression profiles of PAHs exist in rat liver and whether a characteristic molecular signature can discriminate and predict among different PAHs at an early exposure time , we analyzed the genome - wide expression profiles of rat livers exposed to PAHs [ benzo [ a ] anthracene ( BA ) , benzo [ a ] pyrene ( BP ) , phenanthrene ( PA ) and naphthalene ( NT ) ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 314]}, {"entity": "benzo [ a ] anthracene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 339]}, {"entity": "benzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [349, 367]}, {"entity": "phenanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [377, 389]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [401, 412]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At early time - point PAH exposure , large - scale gene expression analysis resulted in characteristic molecular signatures for each PAH , and supervised analysis identified 1183 outlier genes as a distinct molecular signature discerning PAHs from the normal control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified 158 outlier genes as early predictive and surrogate markers for predicting each tested PAH by combination of two different multi - classification algorithms with 100 % accuracy through a leave - one out cross - validation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the characteristic gene expression signatures from a rat model system could be used as predictable and discernible gene - based biomarkers for the detection and prediction of PAHs , and these molecular markers may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms for genotoxicity of exposure to PAHs from environmental aspect .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 195]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased temperature and other environmental effects of global climate change ( GCC ) have documented impacts on many species ( e . g . , polar bears , amphibians , coral reefs ) as well as on ecosystem processes and species interactions ( e . g . , the timing of predator - prey interactions ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A challenge for ecotoxicologists is to predict how joint effects of climatic stress and toxicants measured at the individual level ( e . g . , reduced survival and reproduction ) will be manifested at the population level ( e . g . , population growth rate , extinction risk ) and community level ( e . g . , species richness , food - web structure ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors discuss how population - and community - level responses to toxicants under GCC are likely to be influenced by various ecological mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stress due to GCC may reduce the potential for resistance to and recovery from toxicant exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term toxicant exposure can result in acquired tolerance to this stressor at the population or community level , but an associated cost of tolerance may be the reduced potential for tolerance to subsequent climatic stress ( or vice versa ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , GCC can induce large - scale shifts in community composition , which may affect the vulnerability of communities to other stressors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecological modeling based on species traits ( representing life - history traits , population vulnerability , sensitivity to toxicants , and sensitivity to climate change ) can be a promising approach for predicting combined impacts of GCC and toxicants on populations and communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linking GABA ( A ) receptor subunits to alcohol - induced conditioned taste aversion and recovery from acute alcohol intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GABA type A receptors ( GABA ( A ) - R ) are important for ethanol actions and it is of interest to link individual subunits with specific ethanol behaviors .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied null mutant mice for six different GABA ( A ) - R subunits ( alpha 1 , alpha 2 , alpha 3 , alpha 4 , alpha 5 and delta ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only mice lacking the alpha 2 subunit showed reduction of conditioned taste aversion ( CTA ) to ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are in agreement with data from knock - in mice with mutation of the ethanol - sensitive site in the alpha 2 - subunit ( Blednov et al . , 2011 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All together , they indicate that aversive property of ethanol is dependent on ethanol action on alpha 2 - containing GABA ( A ) - R .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of the alpha 2 - subunit led to faster recovery whereas absence of the alpha 3 - subunit slowed recovery from ethanol - induced incoordination ( rotarod ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of the other four subunits did not affect this behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar changes in this behavior for the alpha 2 and alpha 3 null mutants were found for flurazepam motor incoordination .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no differences in recovery were found in motor - incoordinating effects of an alpha 1 - selective modulator ( zolpidem ) or an alpha 4 - selective agonist ( gaboxadol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zolpidem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "gaboxadol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , recovery of rotarod incoordination is under control of two GABA ( A ) - R subunits : alpha 2 and alpha 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For motor activity , alpha 3 null mice demonstrated higher activation by ethanol ( 1 g / kg ) whereas both alpha 2 ( - / - ) and alpha 3 ( - / Y ) knockout mice were less sensitive to ethanol - induced reduction of motor activity ( 1 . 5 g / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies demonstrate that the effects of ethanol at GABAergic synapses containing alpha 2 subunit are important for specific behavioral effects of ethanol which may be relevant to the genetic linkage of the alpha 2 subunit with human alcoholism .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orexin A regulates cardiovascular responses in stress - induced hypertensive rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several pieces of evidence indicate that the rostral ventrolateral medulla ( RVLM ) is probably one of the key neural structures mediating the pressor effects of orexins in the brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide synthase / nitric oxide ( NOS / NO ) system in the RVLM modulates cardiovascular activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that orexin - A ( OXA ) is involved in the mechanism of stress - induced hypertension ( SIH ) by adjusting NOS / NO system in the RVLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stress - induced hypertensive rats ( SIHR ) model was established by electric foot - shocks and noises .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we examined the expression of OXA immunoreactive ( OXA - IR ) cells in the lateral hypothalamus ( LH ) and the protein level of orexin 1 receptor ( OX1R ) in the RVLM of SIHR , and we found that the expressions of OXA - IR and OX1R were higher than those of the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The double - staining immunohistochemical evidence showed that OX1R immunoreactive ( OX1R - IR ) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( nNOS ) or inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) immunoreactive ( IR ) cells were co - localizated in the RVLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microinjection of OXA ( 10 , 50 , 100 pmol / 100 nl ) into the unilateral ( right ) RVLM of control rats or SIHR produced pressor and tachycardiac effects in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SB - 408124 ( 100 pmol / 100 nl , an antagonist of OX1R ) or TCS OX2 29 ( 100 pmol / 100 nl , an antagonist of OX2R ) partly abolished the cardiovascular effects of exogenously - administrated OXA into the RVLM of control rats and SIHR , and lowered the increased systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and heart rate ( HR ) of SIHR , with no difference in statistical significance between the two antagonists ' effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "SB - 408124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "TCS OX2 29", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microinjection into the RVLM of both control and SIHR groups of 7 - Ni ( 0 . 05 pmol / 100 nl , nNOS inhibitor ) or Methylene Blue [ 100 pmol / 100 nl , an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase ( sGC ) ] suppressed the OXA - induced increase of SBP and HR , whereas microinjection of AG ( 1 , 10 , 100 pmol / 100 nl ) had no obvious effects on the OXA - induced increase of SBP and HR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methylene Blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 130]}, {"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that OXA in the RVLM may participate in the central regulation of cardiovascular activities in SIHR , and OX1R and OX2R both have important roles in it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cardiovascular effects of OXA in the RVLM may be induced by nNOS - derived NO , which activated sGC - associated signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implications of global climate change for the assessment and management of human health risks of chemicals in the natural environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global climate change ( GCC ) is likely to alter the degree of human exposure to pollutants and the response of human populations to these exposures , meaning that risks of pollutants could change in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study , therefore , explores how GCC might affect the different steps in the pathway from a chemical source in the environment through to impacts on human health and evaluates the implications for existing risk - assessment and management practices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In certain parts of the world , GCC is predicted to increase the level of exposure of many environmental pollutants due to direct and indirect effects on the use patterns and transport and fate of chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in human behavior will also affect how humans come into contact with contaminated air , water , and food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary changes , psychosocial stress , and coexposure to stressors such as high temperatures are likely to increase the vulnerability of humans to chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes are likely to have significant implications for current practices for chemical assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assumptions used in current exposure - assessment models may no longer apply , and existing monitoring methods may not be robust enough to detect adverse episodic changes in exposures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organizations responsible for the assessment and management of health risks of chemicals therefore need to be more proactive and consider the implications of GCC for their procedures and processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological network inference for drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A better understanding of the pathophysiology should help deliver drugs whose targets are involved in the causative processes underlying a disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological network inference uses computational methods for deducing from high - throughput experimental data , the topology and the causal structure of the interactions among the drugs and their targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , biological network inference can support and contribute to the experimental identification of both gene and protein networks causing a disease as well as the biochemical networks of drugs metabolism and mechanisms of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting high - level networks serve as a foundational basis for more detailed mechanistic models and are increasingly used in drug discovery by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We review and compare recent computational technologies for network inference applied to drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous electric fields in films of CF3Cl , CF2Cl2 and CFCl3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CF3Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "CF2Cl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "CFCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data are presented showing the spontaneous formation of electric fields within solid films of the chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) CF ( 3 ) Cl , CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) and CFCl ( 3 ) as a function of film deposition temperature from 40 K and above .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorofluorocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 117]}, {"entity": "CFCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "CF ( 3 ) Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "CFCl ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electric fields , which arise through dipole alignment and lie in the range of a few times 10 ( 7 ) V m ( - 1 ) to a few times 10 ( 6 ) V m ( - 1 ) , decrease as the degree of chlorination increases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum deposition temperatures for display of an electric field lie at ~ 50 K , ~ 65 K and ~ 52 K for CF ( 3 ) Cl , CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) and CFCl ( 3 ) respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CF ( 3 ) Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "CFCl ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CFCl ( 3 ) films possess electric fields which show an onset of temporal metastability between deposition temperatures of 46 K and 50 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "CFCl ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CF ( 3 ) Cl and CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) demonstrate temperatures of ~ 65 K and ~ 80 K at which the electric field in the film is removed by heating , so - called Curie points , with decay of the field spread over more than 10 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "CF ( 3 ) Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "CF ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CFCl ( 3 ) displays a comparatively sharp Curie point at 55 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "CFCl ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This variety of behaviour arises despite the resemblance of these three species in terms of electronic structure and gas phase dipole moment , emphasising the requirement for detailed chemical models of this phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several fuel spills have occurred on subantarctic Macquarie Island ( 54 degrees 30 ' S 158 degrees 57 ' E ) associated with storing fuel and generating power for the island ' s research station .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Australian Antarctic Division began full - scale , on - site remediation of these sites in 2009 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To develop appropriate target concentrations for remediation , acute and chronic tests were developed with the endemic earthworm , Microscolex macquariensis , using avoidance , survival , and reproduction as endpoints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncontaminated low ( 3 % ) , medium ( 11 % ) , and high ( 38 - 48 % ) carbon content soils from Macquarie Island were used to examine the influence of soil carbon on toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soils were spiked with Special Antarctic Blend ( SAB ) diesel and used either immediately to simulate a fresh spill or after four weeks to simulate an aged spill .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earthworms were sensitive to fresh SAB , with significant avoidance at 181 mg / kg ; acute 14 - d survival median lethal concentration ( LC50 ) of 103 mg / kg for low carbon soil ; and juvenile production median effective concentration ( EC50 ) of 317 mg / kg for high carbon soil .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earthworms were less sensitive to aged SAB than to fresh SAB in high carbon soil for juvenile production ( EC50 of 1 , 753 and 317 mg / kg , respectively ) , but were more sensitive for adult survival ( LC50 of 2 , 322 and 1 , 364 mg / kg , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using M . macquariensis as a surrogate for soil quality , approximately 50 to 200 mg SAB / kg soil would be a sufficiently protective remediation target .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extraction of sediment - associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with granular activated carbon .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 68]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of activated carbon ( AC ) to sediments has been proposed as a method to reduce ecotoxicological risks of sediment - bound contaminants .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study explores the effectiveness of granular AC ( GAC ) in extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) from highly contaminated sediments .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 113]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four candidate GAC materials were screened in terms of PAH extraction efficiency using single - step 24 - h GAC extractions , with traditional 24 - h Tenax extraction as a reference .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , sorption of native PAHs to the best performing GAC 1240W ( 0 . 45 - 1 . 70 mm ) was studied for sediment only and for GAC - sediment mixtures at different GAC - sediment weight ratios , using 76 - micro m polyoxymethylene ( POM ) passive samplers .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "polyoxymethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "POM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granular AC sorption parameters for PAHs were determined by subtracting the contribution of PAH sorption to sediment from PAH sorption to the GAC - sediment mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that the binding of PAHs and the effectiveness of GAC to reduce sediment porewater concentrations were highly dependent on the GAC - sediment mixing ratio and hydrophobicity of the PAH .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the considerable fouling of GAC by organic matter and oil , 50 to 90 % of the most available PAH was extracted by the GAC during a 28 - d contact time , at a dose as low as 4 % , which also is a feasible dose in field - scale applications aimed at cleaning the sediment by GAC addition and removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Runt - related transcription factor 1 ( RUNX1 ) stimulates tumor suppressor p53 protein in response to DNA damage through complex formation and acetylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Representative tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in the regulation of proper DNA damage response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have found for the first time that Runt - related transcription factor 1 ( RUNX1 ) contributes to p53 - dependent DNA damage response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon adriamycin ( ADR ) exposure , p53 as well as RUNX1 were strongly induced in p53 - proficient HCT116 and U2OS cells , which were closely associated with significant transactivation of p53 target genes , such as p21 ( WAF ) ( 1 ) , BAX , NOXA , and PUMA .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RUNX1 was exclusively expressed in the cell nucleus and formed a complex with p53 in response to ADR .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that p53 together with RUNX1 are efficiently recruited onto p53 target gene promoters following ADR exposure , indicating that RUNX1 is involved in p53 - mediated transcriptional regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , forced expression of RUNX1 stimulated the transcriptional activity of p53 in response to ADR .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with these observations , knockdown of RUNX1 attenuated ADR - mediated induction of p53 target genes and suppressed ADR - dependent apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , RUNX1 was associated with p300 histone acetyltransferase , and ADR - dependent acetylation of p53 at Lys - 373 / 382 was markedly inhibited in RUNX1 knockdown cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , knockdown of RUNX1 resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of p53 - p300 complex following ADR exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our present results strongly suggest that RUNX1 is required for the stimulation of p53 in response to DNA damage and also provide novel insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind p53 - dependent DNA damage response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of stem cells and cancer stem cells by Hedgehog signaling : pharmacologic clues from pathway dissection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog is a key morphogen regulating embryonic development and tissue repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , when misregulated , it leads to tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog signaling is triggered by binding of ligands with transmembrane receptor Ptch and is subsequently mediated by transcriptional effectors belonging to the Gli family , whose functions is tuned by a number of molecular interactions and post - synthetic modifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complex of these regulatory circuitries provides a tight control of developmental processes , mainly involving the modulation of genes determining the fate of stem cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , Hedgehog regulates cancer stem cells fostering tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this regard , these processes represent promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies aiming at the control of stemness reactivation and maintenance in cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogen sulfide increases nitric oxide production with calcium - dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrogen sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogen sulfide ( H ( 2 ) S ) was recently discovered to be synthesized in mammalian tissues by several different enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrogen sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous studies have shown that H ( 2 ) S has vasodilator and antihypertensive effects in the cardiovascular system .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , intracellular mechanisms of the H ( 2 ) S - induced vasodilation and its interactions with other endothelium - derived relaxing factors , such as nitric oxide ( NO ) , remain unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 168]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated whether H ( 2 ) S directly regulates endothelial NO synthase ( eNOS ) activity and NO production in endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaHS , a H ( 2 ) S donor , dose - dependently increased NO production in cultured endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaHS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was abolished by a calcium chelator ( BAPTA - AM ) , but not by the absence of extracellular calcium .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "BAPTA - AM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NaHS - induced NO production was partially blocked by inhibitors of ryanodine receptor ( dantrolene ) or inositol 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate receptor ( xestospongin C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaHS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "dantrolene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "inositol 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 142]}, {"entity": "xestospongin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaHS significantly increased intracellular calcium concentrations , and this effect was attenuated by dantrolene or xestospongin C .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaHS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "dantrolene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "xestospongin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaHS induced phosphorylation of eNOS at the activating phosphoserine residue 1179 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaHS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "phosphoserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NaHS - induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO production were not affected by a PI3K / Akt inhibitor ( wortmannin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaHS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data of this study suggest that H ( 2 ) S directly acts on endothelial cells to induce eNOS activation and NO production by releasing calcium from the intracellular store in endoplasmic reticulum , which may explain one of mechanisms of its vasodilator function .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient serum - resistant lipopolyplexes targeted to the folate receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have developed and evaluated a new targeted lipopolyplex ( LPP ) , by combining polyethylenimine ( PEI ) , 1 , 2 - dioleoyl - 3 - ( trimethylammonium ) propane ( DOTAP ) / Chol liposomes , the plasmids pCMVLuc / pCMVIL - 12 , and the ligand folic acid ( FA ) , able to transfect HeLa and B16 - F10 cells in the presence of very high concentration of serum ( 60 % FBS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - dioleoyl - 3 - ( trimethylammonium ) propane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 177]}, {"entity": "DOTAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 185]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These complexes ( Fol - LPP ) have a net positive surface charge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of folic acid with lipopolyplexes also enhanced significantly the transfection activity of the therapeutic gene interleukin - 12 ( IL - 12 ) , without any significant cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specificity of the folate receptor ( FR ) - mediated gene transfer was corroborated by employing a folate receptor deficient cell line ( HepG2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This formulation improved gene delivery showed by conventional lipoplexes or polyplexes resulting an efficient , simple , and nontoxic method for gene delivery of therapeutic genes in vitro and very probably in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ferulic acid modulates fluoride - induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ferulic acid ( FA ) on fluoride - induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoride ( 25 mg / L ) was given orally to induce hepatotoxicity for 12 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic damage were assessed using status of pathophysiological markers like serum marker enzymes like aspartate transaminase , alanine transaminase , alkaline phosphatase , acid phosphatase , gamma glutamyl transferase , lactate dehydrogenase , bilirubin , lipid profile , total protein content levels , and histopathological studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "gamma glutamyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 207]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 229]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with FA significantly reduced the degree of histological aberrations and rescued lipid peroxidation , as observed from reduced levels of lipid hydroperoxides , nitric oxide , restored levels of enzymic and non - enzymic antioxidants , and total protein content , with a concomitant decline in the levels of marker enzymes and lipid profile in fluoride - induced rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroperoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 167]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [353, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that ferulic acid has the ability to protect fluoride - induced hepatic damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical relevance of plasma protein binding changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversy reigns as to how protein binding changes alter the time course of unbound drug concentrations in patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that the unbound concentration is responsible for drug efficacy and potential drug toxicity , this area is of significant interest to clinicians and academics worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present uncertainty means that many questions relating to this area exist , including \" How important is protein binding ? \" , \" Is protein binding always constant ? \" , \" Do pH and temperature changes alter binding ? \" and \" How do protein binding changes affect dosing requirements ? \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we seek to address these questions and consider the data associated with altered pharmacokinetics in the presence of changes in protein binding and the clinical consequences that these may have on therapy , using examples from the critical care area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The published literature consistently indicates that a change in the protein binding and unbound concentrations of some drugs are common in certain specific patient groups such as the critically ill .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters , including clearance and apparent volume of distribution ( V ( d ) ) , may be dramatic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs with high protein binding , high intrinsic clearance ( e . g . clearance by glomerular filtration ) and where dosing is not titrated to effect are most likely to be affected in a clinical context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs such as highly protein bound antibacterials with multiple half - lives within a dosing interval and that have some level of renal clearance , such as ertapenem , teicoplanin , ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin , are commonly affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "ertapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "teicoplanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "ceftriaxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "flucloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to these challenges , clinicians need to adapt dosing regimens rationally based on the pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that further pharmacokinetic modelling - based research is required to enable the design of robust dosing regimens for drugs affected by altered protein binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cytochrome p450 activity decreases in children with high pediatric end - stage liver disease scores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To improve the modeling and simulation of pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients , research into developmental and disease - specific determinants is needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article describes the evaluation of the activity of in vitro cytochrome P450 ( P450 ) , an important enzyme family in drug metabolism , in children with hepatic dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of six P450 isoforms ( CYP1A2 , 2C9 , 2C19 , 2D6 , 2E1 , and 3A4 ) was evaluated in 31 patients with different pathologies , predominantly biliary atresia ( n = 23 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypervariable activity was observed for all the isoforms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with average adult activity , low activity levels were seen for CYP1A2 , 2C19 , 2E1 , and 3A4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For CYP2E1 and 3A4 , a positive correlation between activity and abundance was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age , comedication , and genotype could not be used as predictors for P450 activity in this patient population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the pediatric end - stage liver disease score was negatively correlated with the ln ( activity ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding suggests a decrease in P450 activity with deteriorating hepatic function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the activity of all isoforms was correlated , demonstrating a concomitant decrease of all isoforms in young patients with liver disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first study to evaluate P450 activity in children with hepatic impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presented data may provide support in the further optimization of a disease - specific model in this patient population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2 by prolactin in human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multidrug transporter , breast cancer resistance protein , ABCG2 , is up - regulated in certain chemoresistant cancer cells and in the mammary gland during lactation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the role of the lactogenic hormone prolactin ( PRL ) in the regulation of ABCG2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRL dose - dependently induced ABCG2 expression in T - 47D human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This induction was significantly reduced by short - interfering RNA - mediated knockdown of Janus kinase 2 ( JAK2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of the down - stream signal transducer and activator of transcription - 5 ( STAT5 ) also blunted the induction of ABCG2 by PRL , suggesting a role for the JAK2 / STAT5 pathway in PRL - induced ABCG2 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corroborating these findings , we observed PRL - stimulated STAT5 recruitment to a region containing a putative gamma - interferon activation sequence ( GAS ) element at - 434 base pairs upstream of the ABCG2 transcription start site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introduction of a single mutation to the - 434 GAS element significantly attenuated PRL - stimulated activity of a luciferase reporter driven by the ABCG2 gene promoter and 5 ' - flanking region containing the - 434 GAS motif .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , this GAS element showed strong copy number dependency in its response to PRL treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , inhibitors against the mitogen - activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide - 3 - kinase signaling pathways significantly decreased the induction of ABCG2 by PRL without altering STAT5 recruitment to the GAS element .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the JAK2 / STAT5 pathway is required but not sufficient for the induction of ABCG2 by PRL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtusilactone B from Machilus Thunbergii targets barrier - to - autointegration factor to treat cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Obtusilactone B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting specific molecules is a promising cancer treatment because certain types of cancer cells are dependent on specific oncogenes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This strategy led to the development of therapeutics that use monoclonal antibodies or small - molecule inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the continued development of novel molecular targeting inhibitors is required to target the various oncogenes associated with the diverse types and stages of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtusilactone B is a butanolide derivative purified from Machilus thunbergii .", "entity": [{"entity": "Obtusilactone B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "butanolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we show that obtusilactone B functions as a small - molecule inhibitor that causes abnormal nuclear envelope dynamics and inhibits growth by suppressing vaccinia - related kinase 1 ( VRK1 ) - mediated phosphorylation of barrier - to - autointegration factor ( BAF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "obtusilactone B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BAF is important in maintaining lamin integrity , which is closely associated with diseases that include cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific binding of obtusilactone B to BAF suppressed VRK1 - mediated BAF phosphorylation and the subsequent dissociation of the nuclear envelope from DNA that allows cells to progress through the cell cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "obtusilactone B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obtusilactone B potently induced tumor cell death in vitro , indicating that specific targeting of BAF to block cell cycle progression can be an effective anticancer strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Obtusilactone B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that targeting a major constituent of the nuclear envelope may be a novel and promising alternative approach to cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antitubercular activity of 2 - ( substituted phenyl / benzyl - amino ) - 6 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) - 4 - methyl - 3 , 6 - dihydropyrimidin - 1 - ium chlorides .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( substituted phenyl / benzyl - amino ) - 6 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) - 4 - methyl - 3 , 6 - dihydropyrimidin - 1 - ium chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 2 - ( substituted phenyl / benzyl - amino ) - 6 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) - 4 - methyl - 3 , 6 - dihydropyrimidin - 1 - ium chlorides 7 - 13 and 15 was synthesized in their hydrochloride salt form .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( substituted phenyl / benzyl - amino ) - 6 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 5 - ( methoxycarbonyl ) - 4 - methyl - 3 , 6 - dihydropyrimidin - 1 - ium chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 168]}, {"entity": "hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The title compounds were characterized by FT - IR , NMR ( ( 1 ) H and ( 13 ) C ) and elemental analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv , multidrug resistance tuberculosis and extensively drug resistance tuberculosis by agar diffusion method and tested for the cytotoxic action on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among all the tested compounds in the series , compounds 7 and 11 emerged as promising antitubercular agents at 16 mu g / mL against multidrug resistance tuberculosis and over 64 mu g / mL against extensively drug resistance tuberculosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conformational features and supramolecular assembly of the promising compounds 7 and 11 were determined by single crystal X - ray study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dual role of Se on Cd toxicity : evidences from the uptake of Cd and some essential elements and the growth responses in paddy rice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium ( Se ) on the uptake and translocation of cadmium ( Cd ) and essential elements in paddy rice ( Oryza sativa L . , Shuangyou 998 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium could alleviate / aggravate Cd toxicity in paddy rice , which depended on the dosages of Se and / or Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Cd treatment level was as low as 35 . 6 mu M , <= 12 . 7 mu M Se could inhibit the uptake of Cd in paddy rice and increase the biomass of paddy rice ; however , with Cd levels reaching 89 - 178 mu M , the addition of Se resulted in increases in Cd uptake and exacerbated the growth of paddy rice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 224]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cd always inhibited the uptake of Se .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cd alone suppressed the uptake of Ca , Mg , Mn , Cu , and Zn ; however , Se reversed the decreases in the concentrations of the said elements , suggesting an element regulation mechanism to relieve Cd toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without Cd in the solution , low doses of Se increased the biomasses of shoots and roots at the expense of the more or less decreases in the concentrations of Ca , Mg , K , Fe , Mn , Cu , and shoot Zn , indicating an antagonistic effect of Se on these cations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 161]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 166]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 170]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 175]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 180]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 200]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of Cd could also reverse these decreases especially at the highest treatment levels for both Se and Cd , also suggesting an element regulation mechanism responsible for the detoxification of high dosages of Se .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , when Se is used to alleviate Cd toxicity , attention must be paid to the Cd pollution extent and doses of Se supplement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diatom frustules as light traps enhance DSSC efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diatoms are one of the most successful photosynthetic organisms and given the important role that their shells ( frustules ) play in light trapping we explored their use in multilayered materials for application as photoanodes in dye sensitised solar cells ( DSSCs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find a substantial improvement in energy conversion efficiency of 30 % , increasing from 3 . 5 % to 4 . 6 % with diatom incorporation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of lysosomal exocytosis in the excretion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and enhancement of the drug delivery effect by exocytosis inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exocytosis of phosphonate modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles ( P - MSNs ) is demonstrated and lysosomal exocytosis is identified as the mechanism responsible for this event .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of P - MSN exocytosis can be achieved by inhibiting or accelerating lysosomal exocytosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slowing down P - MSN exocytosis enhances the drug delivery effect of CPT - loaded P - MSNs by improving cell killing .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of ATP - binding cassette transporter ABCG2 as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF ( V600E ) mutant cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer with a high potential for metastasis and very low survival rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of constitutive activation of the BRAF kinase caused by activating BRAF ( V600E ) kinase mutation in most melanoma patients led to the discovery of the first potent BRAF ( V600E ) signaling inhibitor , vemurafenib .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vemurafenib was effective in treating advanced melanoma patients and was proposed for the treatment of other BRAF ( V600E ) mutant cancers as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately , the success of vemurafenib was hampered by the rapid development of acquired resistance in different types of BRAF ( V600E ) mutant cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It becomes important to identify and evaluate all of the potential mechanisms of cellular resistance to vemurafenib .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we characterized the interactions of vemurafenib with three major ATP - binding cassette ( ABC ) transporters , ABCB1 , ABCC1 and ABCG2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that vemurafenib stimulated the ATPase activity and potently inhibited drug efflux mediated by ABCB1 and ABCG2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vemurafenib also restored drug sensitivity in ABCG2 - overexpressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we revealed that in the presence of functional ABCG2 , BRAF kinase inhibition by vemurafenib is reduced in BRAF ( V600E ) mutant A375 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our findings indicate that ABCG2 confers resistance to vemurafenib in A375 cells , suggesting involvement of this transporter in acquired resistance to vemurafenib .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , combination chemotherapy targeting multiple pathways could be an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome acquired resistance to vemurafenib for cancers harboring the BRAF ( V600E ) mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vemurafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New developments in the pharmacological modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the advent of many new devices for glaucoma surgery , scarring is the main cause of suboptimal pressure control and surgical failure in all forms of surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic antimetabolites , 5 - flurouracil and mitomycin C both prolong success but with the increased risk of blinding complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - flurouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "mitomycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A greater understanding of the cellular mechanisms of the wound healing response has led to the identification and modulation of potential therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include transforming factor beta , inflammatory mediators , the acute phase protein serum amyloid P , vascular endothelial growth factor and the matrix metallaproteinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While optimal drug delivery is still a major challenge , modulating these effects either directly or through downstream signalling promises to yield anti - scarring efficacy , while minimising side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An antioxidant regenerating system for continuous quenching of free radicals in chronic wounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel antioxidant regenerating system consisting of cellobiose dehydrogenase ( CDH ) , cellobiose , and phenolic antioxidants with potential application for continuous quenching of free radical species in chronic wounds was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cellobiose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "cellobiose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This antioxidant regenerating system , continuously quenched in situ produced . NO , O ( 2 ) ( . - ) and OH . radicals and the produced oxidized phenolic antioxidants were regenerated back to their original parent compounds by CDH using cellobiose as electron donor .", "entity": [{"entity": ". NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 ) ( . - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "OH .", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "cellobiose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system therefore prevented the accumulation of oxidized phenolic antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , this study also challenges the relevance of using total antioxidant capacities values of plant crude extracts obtained using biologically none relevant radical species like ( 2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) ) , Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ( TEAC ) , etc . when applied as medicinal remedies .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 228]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 235]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is because methoxylated phenolic antioxidants like sinapic acid , ferulic acid ; 2 , 6 - dimethoxyphenol readily donate their electrons to these radicals ( DPPH , TEAC , etc . ) , thereby greatly influencing the total antioxidant values although this study showed that they are not at all effective in quenching O ( 2 ) ( . - ) radicals and again are not the most effective quenchers of NO and OH radicals as demonstrated during this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "methoxylated phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "2 , 6 - dimethoxyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 ) ( . - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 332]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [392, 394]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [399, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination treatment with progesterone and vitamin D hormone is more effective than monotherapy in ischemic stroke : The role of BDNF / TrkB / Erk1 / 2 signaling in neuroprotection .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated whether combinatorial post - injury treatment with progesterone ( P4 ) and vitamin D hormone ( VDH ) would reduce ischemic injury more effectively than P4 alone in an oxygen glucose deprivation ( OGD ) model in primary cortical neurons and in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion ( tMCAO ) model in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the OGD model , P4 and VDH each showed neuroprotection individually , but combination of the \" best \" doses did not show substantial efficacy ; instead , the lower dose of VDH in combination with P4 was the most effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the tMCAO model , P4 and VDH were given alone or in combination at different times post - occlusion for 7 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo data confirmed the in vitro findings and showed better infarct reduction at day 7 and functional outcomes ( at 3 , 5 and 7 days post - occlusion ) after combinatorial treatment than when either agent was given alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VDH , but not P4 , upregulated heme oxygenase - 1 , suggesting a pathway for the neuroprotective effects of VDH differing from that of P4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of P4 and VDH activated brain - derived neurotrophic factor and its specific receptor , tyrosine kinase receptor - B .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under specific conditions VDH potentiates P4 ' s neuroprotective efficacy and should be considered as a potential partner of P4 in a low - cost , safe and effective combinatorial treatment for stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonfermentable dietary fiber hydroxypropyl methylcellulose modulates intestinal microbiota .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxypropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diet influences host metabolism and intestinal microbiota ; however , detailed understanding of this tripartite interaction is limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether the nonfermentable fiber hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ( HPMC ) could alter the intestinal microbiota and whether such changes correlated with metabolic improvements , C57B / L6 mice were normalized to a high - fat diet ( HFD ) , then either maintained on HFD ( control ) , or switched to HFD supplemented with 10 % HPMC , or a low - fat diet ( LFD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxypropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to control treatment , both LFD and HPMC reduced weight gain ( 11 . 8 and 5 . 7 g , respectively ) , plasma cholesterol ( 23 . 1 and 19 . 6 % ) , and liver triglycerides ( 73 . 1 and 44 . 6 % ) , and , as revealed by 454 - pyrosequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA gene , decreased microbial alpha - diversity and differentially altered intestinal microbiota .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both LFD and HPMC increased intestinal Erysipelotrichaceae ( 7 . 3 - and 12 . 4 - fold ) and decreased Lachnospiraceae ( 2 . 0 - and 2 . 7 - fold ) , while only HPMC increased Peptostreptococcaceae ( 3 . 4 - fold ) and decreased Ruminococcaceae ( 2 . 7 - fold ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific microorganisms were directly linked with weight change and metabolic parameters in HPMC and HFD mice , but not in LFD mice , indicating that the intestinal microbiota may play differing roles during the two dietary modulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work indicates that HPMC is a potential prebiotic fiber that influences intestinal microbiota and improves host metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase - 3 ameliorates beta - amyloid pathology and restores lysosomal acidification and mammalian target of rapamycin activity in the Alzheimer disease mouse model : in vivo and in vitro studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of beta - amyloid ( A beta ) deposits is a primary pathological feature of Alzheimer disease that is correlated with neurotoxicity and cognitive decline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of glycogen synthase kinase - 3 ( GSK - 3 ) in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis has been debated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study the role of GSK - 3 in A beta pathology , we used 5XFAD mice co - expressing mutated amyloid precursor protein and presenilin - 1 that develop massive cerebral A beta loads .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both GSK - 3 isozymes ( alpha / beta ) were hyperactive in this model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nasal treatment of 5XFAD mice with a novel substrate competitive GSK - 3 inhibitor , L803 - mts , reduced A beta deposits and ameliorated cognitive deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses of 5XFAD hemi - brain samples indicated that L803 - mts restored the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) and inhibited autophagy .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysosomal acidification was impaired in the 5XFAD brains as indicated by reduced cathepsin D activity and decreased N - glycoyslation of the vacuolar ATPase subunit V0a1 , a modification required for lysosomal acidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with L803 - mts restored lysosomal acidification in 5XFAD brains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies in SH - SY5Y cells confirmed that GSK - 3 alpha and GSK - 3 beta impair lysosomal acidification and that treatment with L803 - mts enhanced the acidic lysosomal pool as demonstrated in LysoTracker Red - stained cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , L803 - mts restored impaired lysosomal acidification caused by dysfunctional presenilin - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We provide evidence that mTOR is a target activated by GSK - 3 but inhibited by impaired lysosomal acidification and elevation in amyloid precursor protein / A beta loads .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our data indicate that GSK - 3 is a player in A beta pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of GSK - 3 restores lysosomal acidification that in turn enables clearance of A beta burdens and reactivation of mTOR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes facilitate amelioration in cognitive function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MetalPDB : a database of metal sites in biological macromolecular structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present here MetalPDB ( freely accessible at http : / / metalweb . cerm . unifi . it ) , a novel resource aimed at conveying the information available on the three - dimensional ( 3D ) structures of metal - binding biological macromolecules in a consistent and effective manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is achieved through the systematic and automated representation of metal - binding sites in proteins and nucleic acids by way of Minimal Functional Sites ( MFSs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFSs are 3D templates that describe the local environment around the metal ( s ) independently of the larger context of the macromolecular structure embedding the site ( s ) , and are the central objects of MetalPDB design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MFSs are grouped into equistructural ( broadly defined as sites found in corresponding positions in similar structures ) and equivalent sites ( equistructural sites that contain the same metals ) , allowing users to easily analyse similarities and variations in metal - macromolecule interactions , and to link them to functional information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The web interface of MetalPDB allows access to a comprehensive overview of metal - containing biological structures , providing a basis to investigate the basic principles governing the properties of these systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MetalPDB is updated monthly in an automated manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine on selected plasma biochemical and erythrocyte oxidative stress indices in female Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the artemisinin - based combination therapy ( ACT ) regimens , artemisinin derivative , artemether in combination with lumefantrine ( artemether - lumefantrine , AL ) has achieved excellent results in the fight against malarial scourge .", "entity": [{"entity": "artemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "artemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the toxic potential of these drugs at the therapeutic doses in female Wistar rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were randomly divided into four groups : those administered 1 % Tween 80 ( control ) , those administered artemether ( 4 mg / kg body weight ) , those administered lumefantrine ( 24 mg / kg body weight ) , and those coadministered artemether ( 4 mg / kg body weight ) and lumefantrine ( 24 mg / kg body weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tween 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 184]}, {"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [280, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drugs were orally administered twice daily for 3 days by gastric intubation after which selected plasma biochemical indices , and erythrocytes antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation markers were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine raised liver and renal function markers and increased atherogenic index .", "entity": [{"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While reduced glutathione , glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) and catalase activities were reduced , glutathione peroxidase and glutathione - s - transferase activities increased in all the treated groups compared to the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drugs caused significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) elevation of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels compared to the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results imply that coadministration of artemether and lumefantrine may increase the risks of atherosclerosis as well as liver and renal function impairments in the users .", "entity": [{"entity": "artemether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "lumefantrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the drugs may also promote oxidative stress in the erythrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different fates of Alzheimer ' s disease amyloid - beta fibrils remodeled by biocompatible small molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amyloid fibrils implicated in numerous human diseases are thermodynamically very stable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stringent conditions that would not be possible in a physiological environment are often required to disrupt the stable fibrils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , there is increasing evidence that small molecules can remodel amyloid fibrils in a physiologically relevant manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate possible fibril remodeling mechanisms using this approach , we performed comparative studies on the structural features of the different amyloid - beta ( A beta ) aggregates remodeled from A beta fibrils by three biocompatible small molecules : methylene blue ; brilliant blue G ; and erythrosine B .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 283]}, {"entity": "brilliant blue G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 302]}, {"entity": "erythrosine B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined with circular dichroism ( CD ) , immuno - blotting , transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) , and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) results , it was found that brilliant blue G - and erythrosine B - treatment generate fragmented A beta fibrils and protofibrils , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "brilliant blue G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 185]}, {"entity": "erythrosine B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , incubation of the A beta fibrils with methylene blue perturbs fibrillar structure , leading to amorphous A beta aggregates .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings provide insights on the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibril formation and remodeling and also illustrate the possibility of controlled changes in biomolecule nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotransmitters , psychotropic drugs and microglia : clinical implications for psychiatry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychiatric disorders have long and dominantly been regarded to be induced by disturbances of neuronal networks including synapses and neurotransmitters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the effects of psychotropic drugs such as antipsychotics and antidepressants have been understood to modulate synaptic regulation via receptors and transporters of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , microglia , immunological / inflammatory cells in the brain , have been indicated to have positive links to psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positron emission tomography ( PET ) imaging and postmortem studies have revealed microglial activation in the brain of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia , depression and autism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders have revealed the underlying microglial pathologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , various psychotropic drugs have been suggested to have direct effects on microglia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until now , the relationship between microglia , neurotransmitters and psychiatric disorders has not been well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in this review , at first , we summarize recent findings of interaction between microglia and neurotransmitters such as dopamine , serotonin , norepinephrine , acetylcholine and glutamate .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 169]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 185]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we introduce up - to - date knowledge of the effects of psychotropic drugs such as antipsychotics , antidepressants and antiepileptics on microglial modulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we propose the possibility that modulating microglia may be a key target in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further investigations and clinical trials should be conducted to clarify this perspective , using animal in vivo studies and imaging studies with human subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent developments in neurochemical imaging in schizophrenia : an update .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The advent of neurochemical brain imaging methods has provided an opportunity to study the neurochemistry of the human brain in normal and abnormal development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this article is to provide an update on recent major developments in neurochemical imaging in schizophrenia research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this concise review , we discuss the major findings on three neurotransmitters , namely dopamine , serotonin and glutamate .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most promising radioligand for D ( 2 ) / D ( 3 ) neuroreceptor imaging is the agonist [ ( 11 ) C ] PHNO , with higher in vivo affinity for D ( 3 ) than D ( 2 ) receptors , which can be used to measure amphetamine - induced release of dopamine , and therefore a potential model of dopaminergic alterations in schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 11 ) C ] PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 216]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent development of selective radiotracers allow imaging of the serotonin transporter ( SERT ) using positron emission tomography ( PET ) with selective tracers such as [ ( 11 ) C ] DASB .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "[ ( 11 ) C ] DASB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the glutamatergic hypothesis has evolved from theory to phase III clinical trials of newer agents with novel mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the development of newer radioligands and the in vivo application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( MRS ) at relatively high magnetic field strengths , there is ample scope for further neuroimaging advances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin receptors of type 6 ( 5 - HT6 ) : from neuroscience to clinical pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serotonin ( 5 - HT ) receptors of type 6 ( 5 - HT6 ) are quite different from all other 5 - HT receptors , as they include a short third cytoplasmatic loop and a long C - terminal tail , and one intron located in the middle of the third cytoplasmatic loop .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lot of controversies still exist regarding their binding affinity , effects of 5 - HT6 ligands on brain catecholamines , behavioral syndromes regulated by them , and brain distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of the lack of information on metabolic pattern of the various compounds , some of 5 - HT6 receptor ligands entered the clinical development as potential anti - dementia , antipsychotic , antidepressant and anti - obese drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present paper is a comprehensive review on the state of art of the 5 - HT6 receptors , while highlighting the potential clinical applications of 5 - HT6 receptor agonists / antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcranial brain stimulation in schizophrenia : targeting cortical excitability , connectivity and plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS ) is a very popular tool used within neuroscience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This and other associated techniques allow the in vivo investigation of cortical excitability , cortical connectivity and cortical plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schizophrenia is a brain disorder and various theories other than the dopamine hypothesis have been developed to describe its underlying neurobiology .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supported by animal and post mortem studies , findings from TMS studies indicate that schizophrenia is a disease of reduced cortical inhibition and impaired intra - and intercortical connectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies using repetitive TMS and other plasticity - inducing techniques have shown that cortical plasticity is altered in schizophrenia patients , supporting the recently discussed plasticity deficiency theory of schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review gives an introduction to the most frequently applied techniques , describes findings in schizophrenia patients and discusses these findings with regard to the neurotransmitters and associated receptors involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , there is emerging evidence of an important pathophysiological interplay between reduced inhibition , impaired connectivity and reduced plasticity in schizophrenia patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma - aminobutyric - acid - receptors and glutamtergic N - Methyl - D - aspartic - acid - receptors are most likely to be involved in this complex interplay , which may reflect a disturbed signal - to - noise ratio in schizophrenia patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gamma - aminobutyric - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "N - Methyl - D - aspartic - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will discuss this issue with regard to the available treatment options and will give implications for future research and therapeutic strategies regarding disinhibition and neuroplasticity in schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A general approach for combining voxel - based meta - analyses conducted in different neuroimaging modalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meta - analyses are useful to summarize the exponential amount of inconsistent and conflicting neuroimaging data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they are usually separately conducted for each different neuroimaging modality , preventing the multimodal integration of different imaging findings in a given neuropsychiatric disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe an innovative method to meta - analytically combine the results of different imaging modalities , such as structural and functional paradigms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method accounts for the presence of noise in the estimation of the p - values , and can be easily applied to any meta - analytical software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope that with this advanced imaging tool , researchers will be able to provide more complete multimodal pictures of the brain regions affected in different neuropsychiatric disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinct roles of methamphetamine in modulating spatial memory consolidation , retrieval , reconsolidation and the accompanying changes of ERK and CREB activation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs of abuse modulated learning and memory in humans yet the underlying mechanism remained unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) and the transcription factor cAMP response element - binding protein ( CREB ) were involved in neuroplastic changes associated with learning and memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , we used a Morris water maze to examine the effect of methamphetamine ( METH ) on different processes of spatial memory in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then investigated the status of ERK and CREB in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that 1 . 0 mg / kg dose of METH facilitated spatial memory consolidation when it was injected immediately after the last learning trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the same dose of METH had no effect on spatial memory retrieval when it was injected 30 min before the test .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , 1 . 0 mg / kg dose of METH injected immediately after retrieval had no effect on spatial memory reconsolidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of both ERK and CREB in the hippocampus was found following memory consolidation but not after retrieval or reconsolidation in METH - treated mouse groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , activation of both ERK and CREB in the PFC was found following memory retrieval but not other processes in METH - treated mouse groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that METH facilitated spatial memory consolidation but not retrieval or reconsolidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , activation of the ERK and CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus might be involved in METH - induced spatial memory changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of a repeated exposure protocol of human bronchial epithelium in vitro to study the long - term effects of atmospheric particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic exposure to atmospheric particles is suspected of exacerbating chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental strategy using human bronchial epithelial cells ( NHBE ) known to be one of the main target cells of particles in the lung was developed to investigate the long term effects of repeated exposure to particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary cultures of NHBE cells were grown at an air - liquid interface and subjected to repeated treatments to particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fate of particles , pro inflammatory response and epithelial differentiation were studied during the 5 weeks following the final treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrastructural observations revealed the biopersistence of particles in the bronchial epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 , was transiently induced , suggesting that organic compounds could have been metabolized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release of GM - CSF and IL - 6 ( biomarkers of pro - inflammatory response ) , was induced by particle treatments and was maintained up to 5weeks after treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release of amphiregulin and TGF alpha ( Growth Factor ) was induced after each treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of cells expressing the mucin MUC5AC , a differentiation marker , was increased in particle - exposed epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental strategy we developed is suitable for investigating in greater depth the long term effects of particles on bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to atmospheric particles in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nano and microparticulate chitosan - based systems for antiviral topical delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyclovir ( ACV ) is one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of epidermal , ocular or systemic herpetic infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acyclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , its trans - mucosal limited absorption and the scarce contact time of the formulation with the mucosal surface - especially in the ocular mucosa - constitute a big limitation of the antiviral efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most effective way to solve these problems is to increase the quantity and the residence time of the drug over the ocular surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to cope with all these requirements , micro - particles ( MPs ) and nano - particles ( NPs ) containing ACV have been developed using cross - linked chitosan with tripolyphosphate ( TPP ) due to the biocompatibility , bio - adhesion ability and the potential power as penetration enhancer of this polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "tripolyphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particles were characterized by Fourier - transformed infrared ( FTIR ) spectroscopy , X - ray diffraction , SEM , Zeta potential and particle size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulation efficiency and release profiles in flow through diffusion cells were also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the Slug Mucosal Irritation ( SMI ) assay has been applied as an alternative to the Draize test to predict the mucosal irritation of the selected formulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR and X - ray results suggested an electrostatic interaction ACV - Chitosan that made ACV be molecularly dispersed within the polymer matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulation efficiency was 75 % for MP and 16 % for NP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Release profiles in flow through diffusion cells were also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the diffusion profiles , it was found that the amounts of ACV effectively diffused in 24h were 30 , 430 and 80 mu g for the ACV solution , MP and NP respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SMI results showed that chitosan - based particles induced moderate irritation and mild tissue damage , what supposes that ACV - MP constitute a promising alternative for further development of an antiviral formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel permeation enhancer : N - succinyl chitosan on the intranasal absorption of isosorbide dinitrate in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - succinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "isosorbide dinitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this paper is to study the potential of N - succinyl chitosan as a novel permeation enhancer for the intranasal absorption of isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - succinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "isosorbide dinitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 161]}, {"entity": "ISDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of N - succinyl chitosan ( NSCS ) with different degree of succinylation ( DS ) and molecular weight were synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - succinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in situ nasal perfusion technique in rats was utilized to investigate the effect of NSCS substitution degree , NSCS molecular weight and concentration on the intranasal absorption of ISDN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absorption enhancing effect of NSCS was compared with that of chitosan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that all the NSCS investigated improved the intranasal absorption of ISDN remarkably .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Better promoting effect was observed for 0 . 1 % NSCS 50 ( 63 ) compared with 0 . 5 % chitosan 50 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nasal ciliotoxicity test , both NSCS and chitosan investigated showed good safety profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , in vivo studies of the selected formulations were carried out in rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared with that of intravenous injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both in situ and in vivo studies demonstrated that NSCS is more effective than chitosan in promoting intranasal absorption of ISDN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking both absorption enhancing and safety reason into account , we suggest NSCS is a promising intranasal absorption enhancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implementation and evaluation of an optical fiber system as novel process monitoring tool during lyophilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyophilization is an important and well - established pharmaceutical drying process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Product temperature is the most critical process parameter during lyophilization as it impacts both product quality and process efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditionally , thermocouples ( TCs ) or resistance temperature detectors ( RTDs ) and recently , manometric temperatures measurements ( MTMs ) have been used to monitor the product temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , all of these techniques have several drawbacks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was the implementation and evaluation of an optical fiber system as novel process monitoring tool during lyophilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , temperature profiles of mannitol , sucrose , or trehalose were recorded with various prototypes of the optical fiber sensors ( OFSs ) and compared to data obtained with conventional TCs or Pirani / capacitance manometry with respect to the endpoint of primary drying .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "trehalose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OFS allowed easy handling and easy center bottom positioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data obtained with the OFS in contact with product were in good agreement with data obtained via TCs or Pirani / capacitance manometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OFSs showed significantly higher sensitivity , faster response , and better resolution compared to TCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allowed for the detection of additional excipient crystallization events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that force effects on unshielded sensors enabled to detect glass transitions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - dimensional temperature profiles were obtained with an OFS helix configuration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible integration of a glass fiber with several OFSs in series into the shelf surface enables non - invasive , automatic loading compatible monitoring of the drying process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these advantages turn the novel optical fiber systems into a highly attractive process monitoring tool during lyophilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Establishment of a triple co - culture in vitro cell models to study intestinal absorption of peptide drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cell culture models for studying oral drug absorption during early stages of drug development have become a useful tool in drug discovery and development , with respect to substance throughput and reproducibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro cellular model based on human colon carcinoma Caco - 2 , mucus - producing HT29 , and Raji B cells in order to design a model that more accurately mimics the small intestinal epithelial layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal oriented model was set up by seeding co - cultures of Caco - 2 and HT29 cells into Transwell filters and maintained under identical conditions following addition of Raji B to the basolateral chamber .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inverted model was set up seeding Caco - 2 and HT29 cells on the basolateral chamber and then transferred in the Transwell device with the epithelial cells facing the basolateral chamber following Raji B addition to the apical compartment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological differences on size and thickness of cell membranes were detected between the models studied by using fluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the triple co - culture models , cell membranes were increasing in size and thickness from the Caco - 2 to Caco - 2 / HT29 and Caco - 2 / Raji B . Also , the nuclei seem to be larger than in the other studied models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin permeation was higher on the triple co - culture model when compared to the Caco - 2 / HT29 co - culture model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , insulin permeation as mediated by nanoparticles and insulin solution permeation was higher on the normal oriented Caco - 2 / HT29 / Raji B model as compared to the inverted model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , our results suggest that Caco - 2 / HT29 / Raji B triple co - culture normal oriented cellular model may be reliable to obtain a more physiological , functional , and reproducible in vitro model of the intestinal barrier to study protein absorption , both in solution and when delivered by nanocarriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triclosan exposure alters postembryonic development in a Pacific tree frog ( Pseudacris regilla ) Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay ( TREEMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triclosan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay ( AMA ) , developed for Xenopus laevis , is designed to identify chemicals that disrupt thyroid hormone ( TH ) - mediated biological processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We adapted the AMA for use on an ecologically - relevant North American species , the Pacific tree frog ( Pseudacris regilla ) , and applied molecular endpoints to evaluate the effects of the antibacterial agent , triclosan ( TCS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triclosan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}, {"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Premetamorphic ( Gosner stage 26 - 28 ) tadpoles were immersed for 21 days in solvent control , 1 . 5 mu g / L thyroxine ( T ( 4 ) ) , 0 . 3 , 3 and 30 mu g / L ( nominal ) TCS , or combined T ( 4 ) / TCS treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure effects were scored by morphometric ( developmental stage , wet weight , and body , snout - vent and hindlimb lengths ) and molecular ( mRNA abundance using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction ) criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T ( 4 ) treatment alone accelerated development concomitant with altered levels of TH receptors alpha and beta , proliferating cell nuclear antigen , and gelatinase B mRNAs in the brain and tail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed TCS - induced perturbations in all of the molecular and morphological endpoints indicating that TCS exposure disrupts coordination of postembryonic tadpole development .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clear alterations in molecular endpoints were evident at day 2 whereas the earliest morphological effects appeared at day 4 and were most evident at day 21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although TCS alone ( 3 and 30 mu g / L ) was protective against tadpole mortality , this protection was lost in the presence of T ( 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pacific tree frog is the most sensitive species examined to date displaying disruption of TH - mediated development by a common antimicrobial agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human paraoxonase double mutants hydrolyze V and G class organophosphorus nerve agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variants of human paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) are being developed as catalytic bioscavengers for the organophosphorus chemical warfare agents ( OP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is preferable that the new PON1 variants have broad spectrum hydrolase activities to hydrolyze both G - and V - class OPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H115W PON1 has shown improvements over wild type PON1 in its capacity to hydrolyze some OP compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We improved upon these activities either by substituting a tryptophan ( F347W ) near the putative active site residues for enhanced substrate binding or by reducing a bulky group ( Y71A ) at the periphery of the putative enzyme active site .", "entity": [{"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When compared to H115W alone , we found that H115W / Y71A and H115W / F347W maintained VX catalytic efficiency but showed mixed results for the capacity to hydrolyze paraoxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testing our double mutants against racemic sarin , we observed reduced values of KM for H115W / F347W that modestly improved catalytic efficiency over wild type and H115W .", "entity": [{"entity": "racemic sarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to previous reports , we show that H115W can hydrolyze soman , and the double mutant H115W / Y71A is nearly 4 - fold more efficient than H115W for paraoxon hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "soman", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed modest stereoselectivity for hydrolysis of the P ( - ) stereoisomer of tabun by H115W / F347W .", "entity": [{"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate enhancements made in PON1 for the purpose of developing an improved catalytic bioscavenger to protect cholinesterase against chemical warfare agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of cAMP - responsive element binding proteins ( CREBs ) in fast - and slow - twitch muscles : A signaling pathway to account for the synaptic expression of collagen - tailed subunit ( ColQ ) of acetylcholinesterase at the rat neuromuscular junction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene encoding the collagen - tailed subunit ( ColQ ) of acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) contains two distinct promoters that drive the production of two ColQ mRNAs , ColQ - 1 and ColQ - 1a , in slow - and fast - twitch muscles , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ColQ - 1a is expressed at the neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) in fast - twitch muscle , and this expression depends on trophic factors supplied by motor neurons signaling via a cAMP - dependent pathway in muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further elucidate the molecular basis of ColQ - 1a ' s synaptic expression , here we investigated the expression and localization of cAMP - responsive element binding protein ( CREB ) at the synaptic and extra - synaptic regions of fast - and slow - twitch muscles from adult rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total amount of active , phosphorylated CREB ( P - CREB ) present in slow - twitch soleus muscle was higher than that in fast - twitch tibialis muscle , but P - CREB was predominantly expressed in the fast - twitch muscle at NMJs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , P - CREB was detected in both synaptic and extra - synaptic regions of slow - twitch muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results reveal , for the first time , the differential distribution of P - CREB in fast - and slow - twitch muscles , which might support the crucial role of cAMP - dependent signaling in controlling the synapse - specific expression of ColQ - 1a in fast - twitch muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of exogenous formaldehyde in blood of rats during and after inhalation exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "formaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formaldehyde ( FA ) is suspected of being associated with the development of leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Formaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An inhalation experiment with FA was performed in rats to study whether FA can enter the blood and could thus cause systemic toxicity in remote tissues such as the bone marrow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , a sophisticated analytical method was developed to detect blood concentrations of FA during and after single 6 - h exposure by inhalation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to differentiate between exogenous and endogenous FA the rats were exposed to stable isotope ( ( 13 ) C ) labeled FA by inhalation .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During and after exposure of the rats to ( 13 ) C - FA their blood was analyzed to determine the ratio between labeled and natural FA in blood and the total blood concentration of FA .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With respect to sensitivity , with the applied method exogenous ( 13 ) C - FA could have been detected in blood at a concentration approximately 1 . 5 % of the endogenous FA blood concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous ( 13 ) C - FA was not detectable in the blood of rats either during or up to 30 min after the exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that the inhalation of ( 13 ) C - FA at 10 ppm for 6h did not result in an increase of the total FA concentration in blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of microRNA and gene expression profiling in triazole fungicide - treated HepG2 cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNA ( miRNA ) plays an important role in various diseases and in cellular and molecular responses to toxicants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated differential expression of miRNAs in response to three triazole fungicides ( myclobutanil , propiconazole , and triadimefon ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "myclobutanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "propiconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "triadimefon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human hepatoma cell line ( HepG2 ) was treated with the above triazoles for 3 h or 48 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "miRNA - based microarray experiments were carried out using the Agilent human miRNA v13 array .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At early exposure ( 3h ) , six miRNAs were differentially expressed and at late exposure ( 48 h ) , three miRNAs were significantly expressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study provides an array of potential biomarkers for the above triazole fungicides .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , these miRNAs induced by triazoles could be the foundation for the development of a miRNA - based toxic biomarker library that can predict environmental toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxysafflor yellow a inhibits lipopolysaccharide - induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxysafflor yellow a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxysafflor yellow A ( HSYA ) is an active ingredient obtained from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxysafflor yellow A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the effects of HSYA on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A549 cells stimulated with LPS were incubated with three doses of HSYA ( 1 , 4 and 16 mu mol / L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HSYA suppressed the expression of TLR - 4 , Myd88 , ICAM - 1 , TNF alpha , IL - 1 beta and IL - 6 at the mRNA and protein level , and inhibited the adhesion of leukocytes to A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HSYA treatment also decreased NF - kappa B p65 nuclear translocation and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that HSYA effectively inhibits LPS - induced inflammatory signal transduction in A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CD36 homolog divergence is responsible for the selectivity of carotenoid species migration to the silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine and delivered to various tissues by circulating lipoproteins ; however , the mechanism underlying selective delivery of different carotenoid species to individual tissues remains elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The products of the Yellow cocoon ( C ) gene and the Flesh ( F ) gene of the silkworm Bombyx mori determine the selectivity for transport of lutein and beta - carotene , respectively , to the silk gland .", "entity": [{"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously showed that the C gene encodes Cameo2 , a CD36 family member , which is thought to function as a transmembrane lipoprotein receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we elucidated the molecular identity of the F gene product by positional cloning , as SCRB15 , a paralog of Cameo2 with 26 % amino acid identity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the F mutant , SCRB15 mRNA structure was severely disrupted , due to a 1 . 4 kb genomic insertion in a coding exon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transgenic expression of SCRB15 in the middle silk gland using the binary GAL4 - UAS expression system enhanced selective beta - carotene uptake by the middle silk gland , while transgenic expression of Cameo2 enhanced selective lutein uptake under the same GAL4 driver .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that divergence of genes in the CD36 family determines the selectivity of carotenoid species uptake by silk gland tissue and that CD36 - homologous proteins can discriminate among carotenoid species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous insulating state in La ( 2 - x ) Sr ( x ) CuO4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( 2 - x ) Sr ( x ) CuO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A central issue for copper oxides is the nature of the insulating ground state at low carrier densities and the emergence of high - temperature superconductivity from that state with doping .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though this superconductor - insulator transition ( SIT ) is a zero - temperature transition , measurements are not usually carried out at low temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we use magnetoresistance to probe both the insulating state at very low temperatures and the presence of superconducting fluctuations in La ( 2 - x ) Sr ( x ) CuO ( 4 ) films , for doping levels that range from the insulator to the superconductor ( x = 0 . 03 - 0 . 08 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( 2 - x ) Sr ( x ) CuO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observe that the charge glass behaviour , characteristic of the insulating state , is suppressed with doping , but it coexists with superconducting fluctuations that emerge already on the insulating side of the SIT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unexpected quenching of the superconducting fluctuations by the competing charge order at low temperatures provides a new perspective on the mechanism for the SIT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M1 . 3 - - a small scaffold for DNA origami .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA origami method produces programmable nanoscale objects that form when one long scaffold strand hybridizes to numerous oligonucleotide staple strands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One scaffold strand is dominating the field : M13mp18 , a bacteriophage - derived vector 7249 nucleotides in length .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The full - length M13 is typically folded by using over 200 staple oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the convenient preparation of a 704 nt fragment dubbed \" M1 . 3 \" as a linear or cyclic scaffold and the assembly of small origami structures with just 15 - 24 staple strands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A typical M1 . 3 origami is large enough to be visualized by TEM , but small enough to show a cooperativity in its assembly and thermal denaturation that is reminiscent of oligonucleotide duplexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to its medium size , M1 . 3 origami with globally modified staples is affordable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a proof of principle , two origami structures with globally 5 ' - capped staples were prepared and were shown to give higher UV - melting points than the corresponding assembly with unmodified DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M1 . 3 has the size of a gene , not a genome , and may function as a model for gene - based nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small origami with M1 . 3 as a scaffold may serve as a workbench for chemical , physical , and biological experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RBCK1 , an E3 ubiquitin ligase , interacts with and ubiquinates the human pregnane X receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pregnane X receptor ( PXR , NR1I2 ) plays a pivotal role in the disposition and detoxification of numerous foreign and endogenous chemicals by increasing transcription of numerous target genes , including phase I and II drug - metabolizing enzymes and transporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , yeast two - hybrid screening identified an E3 ubiquitin ligase , RBCK1 ( Ring - B - box - coiled - coil protein interacting with protein kinase C - 1 ) , as a human pregnane X receptor ( hPXR ) - interacting protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed the interaction between RBCK1 and hPXR when both were ectopically expressed in AD - 293 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domain mapping studies showed that the interaction between RBCK1 and hPXR involves all RBCK1 domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further demonstrate that RBCK1 ubiquitinates hPXR , and this may target hPXR for degradation by the ubiquitin - proteasome pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous ectopic overexpression of RBCK1 and PXR decreased PXR levels in AD - 293 cells , and this decrease was inhibited by the proteasomal inhibitor MG - 132 ( carbobenzoxy - Leu - Leu - leucinal ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MG - 132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "carbobenzoxy - Leu - Leu - leucinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , overexpression of RBCK1 decreased endogenous levels of PXR in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of importance , ectopic overexpression and silencing of endogenous RBCK1 in primary human hepatocytes resulted in a decrease and increase , respectively , in endogenous PXR protein levels and in the induction of PXR target genes by rifampicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that RBCK1 is important for the ubiquitination of PXR and may play a role in its proteasomal degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of C - vacancy on hydrogen storage and characterization of H2 modes on Ti functionalized C60 fullerene a first principles study .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 15]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "C60 fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Density functional theory calculations were performed to examine the effect of a C vacancy on the physisorption of H ( 2 ) onto Ti - functionalized C ( 60 ) fullerene when H ( 2 ) is oriented along the x - , y - , and z - axes of the fullerene .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 82]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 130]}, {"entity": "C ( 60 ) fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the C vacancy on the physisorption modes of H ( 2 ) was investigated as a function of H ( 2 ) binding energy within the energy window ( - 0 . 2 to - 0 . 6 eV ) targeted by the Department of Energy ( DOE ) , and as functions of a variety of other physicochemical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 19]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the preferential orientations of H ( 2 ) in the defect - free ( i . e . , no C vacancy ) C ( 60 ) TiH ( 2 ) complex are along the x - and y - axes of C ( 60 ) ( with adsorption energies of - 0 . 23 and - 0 . 21 eV , respectively ) , making these orientations the most suitable ones for hydrogen storage , in contrast to the results obtained for defect - containing fullerenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 104]}, {"entity": "C ( 60 ) TiH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 133]}, {"entity": "C ( 60 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The defect - containing ( i . e . , containing a C vacancy ) C ( 59 ) TiH ( 2 ) complex do not exhibit adsorption energies within the targeted energy range .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 50]}, {"entity": "C ( 59 ) TiH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charge transfer occurs from Ti 3d to C 2p of the fullerene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 38]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding of H ( 2 ) is dominated by the pairwise support - metal interaction energy E ( i ) ( Cn . . . Ti ) , and the role of the fullerene is not restricted to supporting the metal .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C vacancy enhances the adsorption energy of Ti , in contrast to that of H ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant reduction in the energy gap of the pristine C ( 60 ) fullerene is observed when TiH ( 2 ) is adsorbed by it .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 60 ) fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "TiH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the C ( n ) fullerene readily participates in nucleophilic processes , the adjacent TiH ( 2 ) fragment is available for electrophilic processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( n ) fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "TiH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional characterization of three mouse formyl peptide receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolutionary relationship and functional correlation between human formyl peptide receptors ( FPRs ) and their mouse counterparts remain incompletely understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined three members of the mouse formyl peptide receptor subfamily ( mFprs ) and found that they differ in agonist preference and cellular distributions .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When stably expressed in transfected rat basophilic leukemia ( RBL - 2H3 ) cells , mFpr1 was readily activated by N - formylated peptides derived from Listeria monocytogenes ( fMIVTLF ) , Staphylococcus aureus ( fMIFL ) , and mitochondria ( fMMYALF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the Escherichia coli - derived fMLF was 1000 - fold less potent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aforementioned peptides were much less efficacious at mFpr2 , which responded better to the synthetic hexapeptide WKYMVm , the synthetic agonists Quin - C1 ( a substituted quinazolinone ) , and compound 43 ( a nitrosylated pyrazolone derivative ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Quin - C1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "quinazolinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 189]}, {"entity": "nitrosylated pyrazolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saturation binding assays showed that mFpr1 and mFpr2 were expressed at similar levels on the cell surface , although their affinity for N - formyl - Met - Leu - Phe - Ile - Ile - Lys - fluorescein isothiocyanate varied by more than 1000 - fold [ dissociation constant ( K ( d ) ) values of 2 . 8 nM for mFpr1 and 4 . 8 mu M for mFpr2 ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - formyl - Met - Leu - Phe - Ile - Ile - Lys - fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to these receptors , mFpr - rs1 responded poorly to all the previously mentioned peptides that were tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent microscopy revealed an intracellular distribution pattern of mFpr - rs1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these results , we conclude that mFpr1 is an ortholog of human FPR1 with certain pharmacologic properties of human FPR2 / ALX , whereas mFpr2 has much lower affinity for formyl peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular distribution of mFpr - rs1 suggests an evolutionary correlation with human FPR3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of voltage - gated potassium channels Kv2 . 1 and Kv2 . 2 in the regulation of insulin and somatostatin release from pancreatic islets .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The voltage - gated potassium channels Kv2 . 1 and Kv2 . 2 are highly expressed in pancreatic islets , yet their contribution to islet hormone secretion is not fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigate the role of Kv2 channels in pancreatic islets using a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic beta - cells from Kv2 . 1 ( - / - ) mice possess reduced Kv current and display greater glucose - stimulated insulin secretion ( GSIS ) relative to WT beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Kv2 . x channels with selective peptidyl [ guangxitoxin - 1E ( GxTX - 1E ) ] or small molecule ( RY796 ) inhibitors enhances GSIS in isolated wild - type ( WT ) mouse and human islets , but not in islets from Kv2 . 1 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "RY796", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in WT mice neither inhibitor improved glucose tolerance in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GxTX - 1E and RY796 enhanced somatostatin release in isolated human and mouse islets and in situ perfused pancreata from WT and Kv2 . 1 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "RY796", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kv2 . 2 silencing in mouse islets by adenovirus - small hairpin RNA ( shRNA ) specifically enhanced islet somatostatin , but not insulin , secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mice lacking somatostatin receptor 5 , GxTX - 1E stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these data show that Kv2 . 1 regulates insulin secretion in beta - cells and Kv2 . 2 modulates somatostatin release in delta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "somatostatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of selective Kv2 . 1 inhibitors without cross inhibition of Kv2 . 2 may provide new avenues to promote GSIS for the treatment of type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of a bioassay - derived ivermectin lowest observed effect concentration on life - cycle traits of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans .", "entity": [{"entity": "ivermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmaceutical ivermectin is used to treat parasitic infections , such as those caused by nematodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ivermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While several studies have demonstrated the severe effects of ivermectin on non - target organisms , little is known about the drug ' s impact on free - living nematodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ivermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , a full life - cycle experiment was conducted to estimate how an ivermectin lowest observed effect concentration derived from a Caenorhabditis elegans bioassay ( endpoint reproduction ) might translate into effects at the population level of this free - living nematode .", "entity": [{"entity": "ivermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that fecundity decreased to levels similar to those determined in the bioassay after a time of corresponding duration ( 18 . 6 % inhibition compared to the control ) , but the impact then rather weakened until the end of the experiment , at which point the net reproductive rate ( R ( 0 ) ) was still , but not significantly , reduced by 12 . 4 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the average lifespan , length of the reproductive period , maximum daily reproduction rate , and intrinsic rate of increase ( r ( m ) ) were significantly reduced by 30 . 0 , 25 . 9 , 11 . 2 , and 3 . 5 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experiment revealed that a 4 - day bioassay is protective enough for C . elegans with respect to ivermectin ' s effects on fecundity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ivermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the pronounced effects of a low drug concentration on survival , a highly elastic trait , may better account for the observed population - level response , i . e . , a decrease of r ( m ) , than the effects on fecundity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results emphasize that full life - cycle experiments are valuable for assessment of pollutants , because the effects on several life - cycle traits can be simultaneously measured and integrated into an ecologically relevant parameter , the population growth rate , that reflects a population ' s response to a specific pollutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interspecific effects of 4A - DNT ( 4 - amino - 2 , 6 - dinitrotoluene ) and RDX ( 1 , 3 , 5 - trinitro - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine ) in Japanese quail , Northern bobwhite , and Zebra finch .", "entity": [{"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "4 - amino - 2 , 6 - dinitrotoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 70]}, {"entity": "RDX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 , 5 - trinitro - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of two munition compounds , 4 - amino - 2 , 6 - dinitrotoluene ( 4A - DNT ) and 1 , 3 , 5 - trinitro - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine ( RDX ) , on three different bird species : two common toxicological model species - the Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ) and the Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica ) , and a representative passerine - the Zebra Finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - amino - 2 , 6 - dinitrotoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 128]}, {"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 , 5 - trinitro - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 189]}, {"entity": "RDX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bobwhite were exposed to 4A - DNT at 0 , 8 , 15 , 30 , 60 , or 150 mg / kg body weight ( bw ) d by oral gavage for seven days ; because the high dose of 4A - DNT was lethal to bobwhite , the maximum dose was changed to 100 mg / kg bw d for Japanese quail and finches to ensure tissue could be used for future toxicogenomic work .", "entity": [{"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RDX was similarly administered at 0 , 0 . 5 , 1 . 5 , 3 , 6 , or 12 mg / kg bw d .", "entity": [{"entity": "RDX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood was drawn prior to euthanasia for blood cellularity and chemistry analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finches were clearly least affected by 4A - DNT as evidenced by a lack of observable effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bobwhite appeared to be the most sensitive species to 4A - DNT as observed through changes in blood cellularity and plasma chemistry effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "4A - DNT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bobwhite appeared to be more sensitive to RDX than Japanese Quail due to increased effects on measures of plasma chemistries .", "entity": [{"entity": "RDX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finches exhibited the greatest sensitivity to RDX through increased mortality and seizure activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "RDX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that sensitivity among species is chemical - specific and provides data that could be used to refine current avian sensitivity models used in ecological risk assessments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ilexpublesnins C - M , eleven new triterpene saponins from the roots of Ilex pubescens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ilexpublesnins C - M", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eleven new triterpene saponins , ilexpublesnins C - M ( 1 - 11 ) , along with ten known analogues were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "ilexpublesnins C - M", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis , including 1D and 2D NMR experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 , 2 , 10 , and 11 contain a 24 - aldehyde , which is rare for triterpene saponins from Ilex .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines HepG2 , HLE , BEL7402 , BEL7403 , BEL7405 , MCF - 7 , and HeLa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , only compounds 6 and 19 showed cytotoxicity against the MCF - 7 cell line [ inhibition ( % ) : 33 . 14 and 34 . 03 , respectively ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - stage metal - catalyst - free growth of high - quality polycrystalline graphene films on silicon nitride substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "silicon nitride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using two - stage , metal - catalyst - free chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) , it is demonstrated that high - quality polycrystalline graphene films can directly grow on silicon nitride substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "silicon nitride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carrier mobility can reach about 1500 cm ( 2 ) V ( - 1 ) s ( - 1 ) , which is about three times the value of those grown on SiO ( 2 ) / Si substrates , and also is better than some examples of metal - catalyzed graphene , reflecting the good quality of the graphene lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 223]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship of land use and elevated ionic strength in Appalachian watersheds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coal mining activities have been implicated as sources that increase stream specific conductance in Central Appalachia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study characterized potential sources of elevated ionic strength for small subwatersheds within the Coal , Upper Kanawha , Gauley , and New Rivers in West Virginia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a large monitoring data set developed by the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection , 162 < 20 - km ( 2 ) - watersheds were identified that had detailed land cover information in southwestern West Virginia with at least one water chemistry sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scatter plots of specific conductance were generated for nine land cover classifications : open water , agriculture , forest , residential , barren , total mining , valley fill , abandoned mine lands , and mining excluding valley fill and abandoned mine lands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conductivity was negatively correlated with the percentage of forest area and positively associated with other land uses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a multiple regression , the percentage of area in valley fill was the strongest contributor to increased ionic strength , followed by percentage of area in urban ( residential / buildings ) land use and other mining land use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the 10th quantile regression , 300 micro S / cm was exceeded at 3 . 3 % of area in valley fill .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most catchments , HCO 3 ( - ) and SO 4 ( 2 - ) concentrations were greater than Cl ( - ) concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCO 3 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "SO 4 ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Cl ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings confirm coal mining activities as the primary source of high conductivity waters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such activities might be redressed with the goal of protecting sources of dilute freshwater in the region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next generation sequencing in predicting gene function in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "podophyllotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Podophyllum species are sources of ( - ) - podophyllotoxin , an aryltetralin lignan used for semi - synthesis of various powerful and extensively employed cancer - treating drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - podophyllotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 58]}, {"entity": "aryltetralin lignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its biosynthetic pathway , however , remains largely unknown , with the last unequivocally demonstrated intermediate being ( - ) - matairesinol .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - matairesinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , massively parallel sequencing of Podophyllum hexandrum and Podophyllum peltatum transcriptomes and subsequent bioinformatics analyses of the corresponding assemblies were carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Validation of the assembly process was first achieved through confirmation of assembled sequences with those of various genes previously established as involved in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis as well as other candidate biosynthetic pathway genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "podophyllotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This contribution describes characterization of two of the latter , namely the cytochrome P450s , CYP719A23 from P . hexandrum and CYP719A24 from P . peltatum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both enzymes were capable of converting ( - ) - matairesinol into ( - ) - pluviatolide by catalyzing methylenedioxy bridge formation and did not act on other possible substrates tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - matairesinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "( - ) - pluviatolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 86]}, {"entity": "methylenedioxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the enzymes described herein were highly similar to methylenedioxy bridge - forming enzymes from alkaloid biosynthesis , whereas candidates more similar to lignan biosynthetic enzymes were catalytically inactive with the substrates employed .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylenedioxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "lignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This overall strategy has thus enabled facile further identification of enzymes putatively involved in ( - ) - podophyllotoxin biosynthesis and underscores the deductive power of next generation sequencing and bioinformatics to probe and deduce medicinal plant biosynthetic pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - podophyllotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of dopamine transporter serine 7 modulates cocaine analog binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an approach to elucidating dopamine transporter ( DAT ) phosphorylation characteristics , we examined in vitro phosphorylation of a recombinant rat DAT N - terminal peptide ( NDAT ) using purified protein kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that NDAT becomes phosphorylated at single distinct sites by protein kinase A ( Ser - 7 ) and calcium - calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II ( Ser - 13 ) and at multiple sites ( Ser - 4 , Ser - 7 , and Ser - 13 ) by protein kinase C ( PKC ) , implicating these residues as potential sites of DAT phosphorylation by these kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 204]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping of rat striatal DAT phosphopeptides by two - dimensional thin layer chromatography revealed basal and PKC - stimulated phosphorylation of the same peptide fragments and comigration of PKC - stimulated phosphopeptide fragments with NDAT Ser - 7 phosphopeptide markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further confirmed by site - directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry that Ser - 7 is a site for PKC - stimulated phosphorylation in heterologously expressed rat and human DATs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of Ser - 7 and nearby residues strongly reduced the affinity of rat DAT for the cocaine analog ( - ) - 2 beta - carbomethoxy - 3 beta - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) tropane ( CFT ) , whereas in rat striatal tissue , conditions that promote DAT phosphorylation caused increased CFT affinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "( - ) - 2 beta - carbomethoxy - 3 beta - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) tropane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 173]}, {"entity": "CFT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "CFT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ser - 7 mutation also affected zinc modulation of CFT binding , with Ala and Asp substitutions inducing opposing effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "CFT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Ala", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "Asp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results identify Ser - 7 as a major site for basal and PKC - stimulated phosphorylation of native and expressed DAT and suggest that Ser - 7 phosphorylation modulates transporter conformational equilibria , shifting the transporter between high and low affinity cocaine binding states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A method for assessing causation of field exposure - response relationships .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because associations between agents and environmental effects are not necessarily causal , it is necessary to assess causation before using such relationships in environmental management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors adapted epidemiological methods to assess general causal hypotheses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "General causation establishes that an agent is capable of causing an effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method uses all relevant and good - quality evidence in a weight - of - evidence system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The system is credible due to its explicit a priori criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evidence is organized in terms of six characteristics of causation : co - occurrence , preceding causation , interaction , alteration , sufficiency , and time order .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The causal assessment proceeds through six steps that generate , organize , and score evidence to determine whether causation is adequately supported by the body of evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of multiple geochemical markers to investigate organic pollution in a dynamic coastal zone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple geochemical markers , including aliphatic hydrocarbons ( n - alkanes ) , linear alkylbenzenes ( LABs ) , and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) , were employed to relate sediment organic chemical pollution in the coastal zone off South China to socioeconomic development there .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "n - alkanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "linear alkylbenzenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 102]}, {"entity": "LABs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 150]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of Sigma n - C ( 15 - 35 ) ( n - alkanes with 15 - 35 carbon atoms ) , Sigma LAB ( sum of C ( 10 ) to C ( 13 ) LABs ) , and Sigma ( 26 ) PAH ( sum of 26 PAH compounds ) ranged from 110 to 3 , 160 , 11 to 160 , and 26 to 600 ng / g , with medians of 730 , 40 , and 230 ng / g , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - C ( 15 - 35 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "n - alkanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "LAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) to C ( 13 ) LABs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 130]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural hydrocarbons were mainly derived from terrestrial higher plant waxes , and in minor amounts from aquatic plankton and bacteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compositions of LABs indicated that considerable amounts of poorly treated wastewater had been directly discharged or transported to the eastern and western coastal areas of Guangdong Province .", "entity": [{"entity": "LABs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , anthropogenic hydrocarbons were derived largely from vehicular emissions and combustion of domestic coal and biomass and to a lesser extent from oil spills .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eastern and western coastal sediments contained higher levels of LABs but lower levels of PAHs than those of the Pearl River Estuary , a coastal area of the Pearl River Delta .", "entity": [{"entity": "LABs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This spatial pattern of organic pollution was consistent with chemical use patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eastern and western regions of Guangdong Province are economically less developed than the Pearl River Delta region , where more domestic wastewater treatment plants have been built .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , greater amounts of energy are consumed in the latter region to produce more combustion - derived PAH contamination .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of gel - based phosphoproteomic approaches to analyse scarce oviductal epithelial cell samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reversible change of the phosphorylation state of proteins regulates key cellular processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , three different gel - based approaches were compared with regard to their applicability to quantitatively analyse the phosphoproteome of scarce biological material obtained ex vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that the phosphoproteome characterisation of oviductal epithelial cells isolated from the female reproductive tract requires affinity enrichment and pre - electrophoretic labelling using fluorescence dyes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this approach , 30 mu g of enriched phosphoproteins proved to be sufficient for the phosphoproteome characterisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , sequential fluorescence staining of 2D - separated total cell lysates as well as sequential staining in conjunction with a pre - enrichment step led to detection discrepancies and excluded further analysis steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information gained from this study provides a successful approach for the phosphoproteome analysis of scarce samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the cellular processes taking place in the female reproductive tract can be monitored ex vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large area resist - free soft lithographic patterning of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large area low - cost patterning is a challenging problem in graphene research .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A resist - free , single - step , large area and cost effective soft lithographic patterning strategy is presented for graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technique is applicable on any arbitrary substrate that needs to be covered with a graphene film and provides a viable route to large - area patterning of graphene for device applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Do Subtoxic levels of chlorate influence the desiccation tolerance of Egeria densa ?", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the different factors hypothesized to be responsible for the virtual disappearance of Egeria densa , once a dominant aquatic macrophyte in a southern Chile wetland ecosystem , are the negative effects of certain chemical compounds ( mainly chlorate ) and harsh environmental conditions ( desiccation caused by prolonged atmospheric exposure ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors performed an integrated experiment in which E . densa plants were first exposed for four weeks inside a mesocosm system to levels of chlorate that existed in the wetland at the time of the plant ' s demise and then exposed to desiccation conditions that also resembled those that the system had experienced .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the authors tested the hypothesis that E . densa plants exposed to sublethal levels of chlorate are more susceptible to the deleterious effect of desiccation compared with plants that had not been exposed to chlorate .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "chlorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This hypothesis was tested by means of quantifying physiologically related parameters in plants right after the four weeks under water and then after the desiccation period of 6 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their results rejected this hypothesis , because all plants , regardless of their history , are equally affected by desiccation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state NMR structure determination of whole anchoring threads from the blue mussel Mytilus edulis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular structure of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis whole anchoring threads was studied by two - dimensional ( 13 ) C solid - state NMR on fully labeled fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unique material proves to be well ordered at a molecular level despite its heterogeneous composition as evidenced by the narrow measured linewidths below 1 . 5 ppm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectra are dominated by residues in collagen environments , as determined from chemical shift analysis , and a complete two - dimensional assignment ( including minor amino acids ) was possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best agreement between predicted and experimental backbone chemical shifts was obtained for collagen helices with torsion angles ( - 75 degrees , + 150 degrees ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundant glycine and alanine residues can be resolved in up to five different structural environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alanine peaks could be assigned to collagen triple - helices , beta - sheets ( parallel and antiparallel ) , beta - turns , and unordered structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of ATR - FTIR microscopy confirmed the presence of these structural environments and enabled their location in the core of the thread ( collagen helices and antiparallel beta - sheets ) or its cuticle ( unordered structures ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The approach should enable characterization at the molecular level of a wide range of byssus macroscopic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A question of time : the land snail Murella muralis ( Gastropoda : Pulmonata ) reveals constraints on past ecological speciation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lively debate about speciation currently focuses on the relative importance of factors driving population differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While many studies are increasingly producing results on the importance of selection , little is known about the interaction between drift and selection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , there is still little knowledge on the spatial - temporal scales at which speciation occurs , that is , arrangement of habitat patches , abruptness of habitat transitions , climate and habitat changes interacting with selective forces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate these questions , we quantified variation on a fine geographical scale analysing morphological ( shell ) and genetic data sets coupled with environmental data in the land snail Murella muralis , endemic to the Mediterranean island of Sicily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene ( COI ) and eight nuclear microsatellite loci showed that genetic variation is highly structured at a very fine spatial scale by local palaeogeographical events and historical population dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular clock estimates , calibrated here specifically for Tyrrhenian land snails , provided a framework of palaeogeographical events responsible for the observed geographical variations and migration routes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we showed for the first time well - documented lines of evidence of selection in the past , which explains divergence of land snail shell shapes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that time and palaeogeographical history acted as constraints in the progress along the ecological speciation continuum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study shows that testing for correlation among palaeogeography , morphology and genetic data on a fine geographical scale provides information fundamental for a detailed understanding of ecological speciation processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure and properties of septin 3 : a possible missing link in septin filament formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human genome codes for 13 members of a family of filament - forming GTP - binding proteins known as septins .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These have been divided into four different subgroups on the basis of sequence similarity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences between the subgroups are believed to control their correct assembly into heterofilaments which have specific roles in membrane remodelling events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many different combinations of the 13 proteins are theoretically possible and it is therefore important to understand the structural basis of specific filament assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , three - dimensional structures are currently available for only three of the four subgroups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we describe the crystal structure of a construct of human SEPT3 which belongs to the outstanding subgroup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This construct ( SEPT3 - GC ) , which includes the GTP - binding and C - terminal domains , purifies as a nucleotide - free monomer , allowing for its characterization in terms of GTP - binding and hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 70]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the crystal structure , SEPT3 - GC forms foreshortened filaments which employ the same NC and G interfaces observed in the heterotrimeric complex of human septins 2 , 6 and 7 , reinforcing the notion of ' promiscuous ' interactions described previously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we describe these two interfaces and relate the structure to its tendency to form monomers and its efficiency in the hydrolysis of GTP .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relevance of these results is emphasized by the fact that septins from the SEPT3 subgroup may be important determinants of polymerization by occupying the terminal position in octameric units which themselves form the building blocks of at least some heterofilaments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receptors , endocytosis , and trafficking : the biological basis of targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The problem of targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides can be resolved into two distinct aspects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first concerns devising ligand - oligonucleotide or ligand - carrier moieties that bind with high selectivity to receptors on the cell type of interest and that are efficiently internalized by endocytosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second concerns releasing oligonucleotides from pharmacologically inert endomembrane compartments so that they can access RNA in the cytosol or nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we will address both of these aspects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we present information on three important receptor families , the integrins , the receptor tyrosine kinases , and the G protein - coupled receptors in terms of their suitability for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This includes discussion of receptor abundance , internalization and trafficking pathways , and the availability of suitable high affinity ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also consider the process of oligonucleotide uptake and intracellular trafficking and discuss approaches to modulating these processes in a pharmacologically productive manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hopefully , the basic information presented in this review will be of value to investigators involved in designing delivery approaches for oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia and its stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganoderic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new ganoderic acid ( GA ) , 3 alpha , 22 beta - diacetoxy - 7 alpha - hydroxyl - 5 alpha - lanost - 8 , 24E - dien - 26 - oic acid ( 1 ) , together with four known compounds GA - Mk ( 2 ) , - Mc ( 3 ) , - S ( 4 ) and - Mf ( 5 ) , was isolated and characterized from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganoderic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "3 alpha , 22 beta - diacetoxy - 7 alpha - hydroxyl - 5 alpha - lanost - 8 , 24E - dien - 26 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 132]}, {"entity": "GA - Mk", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of interpretation of extensive spectroscopic data ( HRMS , IR , UV , 1D and 2D NMR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to its apparent degradation during preparation procedures , the stability of compound 1 was assessed in several solvents in a short - term study that demonstrated the optimal stability in aproptic environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible mechanism of acid - catalyzed degradation of compound 1 in methanol was proposed , consisting of a fast protonation , followed by a committed step of hydroxyl group removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , all isolated compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against 95D and HeLa tumor cell lines , with IC ( 50 ) values ranging from14 . 7 to 38 . 5 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results may improve the understanding of chemical stability of GAs and provide valuable information on their separation , analysis and application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ipsilateral feeding - specific circuits between the nucleus accumbens shell and the lateral hypothalamus : regulation by glutamate and GABA receptor subtypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleus accumbens shell ( AcbSh ) and the lateral hypothalamus ( LH ) are both involved in the control of food intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of GABA ( A ) receptors or blockade of AMPA and kainate receptors within the AcbSh induces feeding , as does blockade of GABA ( A ) receptors or activation of NMDA receptors in the LH .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "kainate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , evidence suggests that feeding induced via the AcbSh can be suppressed by LH inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is unclear if this suppression is specific to feeding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult male Sprague - Dawley rats with 3 intracranial guide cannulas , one unilaterally into the AcbSh and two bilaterally into the LH , were used to explore this issue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNQX ( 1 . 25 mu g ) or muscimol ( 100 ng ) infused into the AcbSh unilaterally elicited feeding , and this elicited intake was suppressed by bilateral LH injection of d - AP5 ( 2 mu g ) or muscimol ( 25 ng ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNQX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "d - AP5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effectiveness of d - AP5 or muscimol infusion into either the LH site ipsilateral or contralateral to the AcbSh injection was compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - AP5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ipsilateral LH injection of d - AP5 or muscimol was significantly more effective than contralateral injection in suppressing food intake initiated by AcbSh injection of DNQX or muscimol .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - AP5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "DNQX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results add to the prior evidence that inhibition of the LH through pharmacological modulation of NMDA or GABA ( A ) receptors specifically suppresses feeding initiated by AcbSh inhibition , and that these two regions communicate via an ipsilateral circuit to specifically regulate feeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glycogen synthase kinase - 3 beta / nuclear factor - kappa B pathway is involved in cinobufagin - induced apoptosis in cultured osteosarcoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cinobufagin , a major component of cinobufacini ( huachansu ) , is an important cardenolidal steroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cardenolidal steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several studies have suggested that cinobufagin has potent anti - cancer effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study examines the apoptosis - inducing activity and the underlying mechanism of action of cinobufagin in osteosarcoma ( OS ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that cinobufagin potently inhibited the proliferation of U2OS , MG63 and SaOS - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant increases in G2 / M cell - cycle arrest and apoptosis in OS cells were also observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression levels of several apoptotic proteins were assessed after cinobufagin treatment in U2OS cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , xIAP , cIAP - 1 , survivin and Bcl - 2 levels decreased remarkably , while the levels of Bax and cleaved - PARP increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we validated the inhibition of GSK - 3 beta / NF - kappa B signaling following cinobufagin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blots showed a decrease in nuclear p65 protein expression after exposure to different concentrations of cinobufagin , while the phosphorylation of GSK - 3 beta was simultaneously increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transduction with constitutively active forms of GSK - 3 beta could protect against the downregulation of p65 and upregulation of cleaved - PARP that are induced by cinobufagin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , combined treatment with cinobufagin and SB216367 resulted in a significant reduction in p65 and an increase in cleaved - PARP in U2OS cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "SB216367", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , these results show that cinobufagin is a promising agent for the treatment of OS .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies are the first to reveal the involvement of the GSK - 3 beta / NF - kappa B pathway in cinobufagin - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinobufagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathophysiological roles of aldo - keto reductases ( AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 ) in development of cisplatin resistance in human colon cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cisplatin ( cis - diamminedichloroplatinum , CDDP ) is widely used for treatment of patients with solid tumors formed in various organs including the lung , prostate and cervix , but is much less sensitive in colon and breast cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "cis - diamminedichloroplatinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 42]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One major factor implicated in the ineffectiveness has been suggested to be acquisition of the CDDP resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we established the CDDP - resistant phenotypes of human colon HCT15 cells by continuously exposing them to incremental concentrations of the drug , and monitored expressions of aldo - keto reductases ( AKRs ) 1A1 , 1B1 , 1B10 , 1C1 , 1C2 and 1C3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the six AKRs , AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 are highly induced with the CDDP resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resistance lowered the sensitivity toward cellular damages evoked by oxidative stress - derived aldehydes , 4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal and 4 - oxo - 2 - nonenal that are detoxified by AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 137]}, {"entity": "4 - oxo - 2 - nonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of AKR1C1 or AKR1C3 in the parental HCT15 cells mitigated the cytotoxicity of the aldehydes and CDDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of both AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 in the resistant cells or treatment of the cells with specific inhibitors of the AKRs increased the sensitivity to CDDP toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the two AKRs participate in the mechanism underlying the CDDP resistance probably via detoxification of the aldehydes resulting from enhanced oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resistant cells also showed an enhancement in proteolytic activity of proteasome accompanied by overexpression of its catalytic subunits ( PSM beta 9 and PSM beta 10 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of the resistant cells with a potent proteasome inhibitor Z - Leu - Leu - Leu - al augmented the CDDP sensitization elicited by the AKR inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Z - Leu - Leu - Leu - al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 95]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the treatment of the cells with Z - Leu - Leu - Leu - al and the AKR inhibitors induced the expressions of the two AKRs and proteasome subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Z - Leu - Leu - Leu - al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these results suggest the involvement of up - regulated AKR1C1 , AKR1C3 and proteasome in CDDP resistance of colon cancers and support a chemotherapeutic role for their inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local structure and dynamics of benzene confined in the IRMOF - 1 nanocavity as studied by molecular dynamics simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "IRMOF - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local structure and dynamic behaviour of a benzene molecular assembly confined within the nano - cavities of a zinc - based metal - organic framework , [ Zn ( 4 ) O ( CO ( 2 ) C ( 6 ) H ( 4 ) CO ( 2 ) ) ( 3 ) ] ( n ) ( IRMOF - 1 ) , were investigated by means of molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "[ Zn ( 4 ) O ( CO ( 2 ) C ( 6 ) H ( 4 ) CO ( 2 ) ) ( 3 ) ] ( n )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 220]}, {"entity": "IRMOF - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local structure of the confined benzene molecules was evaluated using radial distribution functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sites for adsorption of benzene in IRMOF - 1 were well defined by the simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "IRMOF - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diffusion coefficients at ambient temperature suggested that the mobility of the confined benzene was high , comparable to the bulk fluid .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreasing the temperature gave rise to the aggregation of benzene in the IRMOF - 1 frameworks .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "IRMOF - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular aggregation was attributed to the localization of benzene in the large and the small cavities of IRMOF - 1 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "IRMOF - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the translational diffusion coefficient and the trajectory of benzene provided evidence that the localization of benzene in the large and the small cavities takes place at ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "200 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , at high benzene loading , the migration of benzene in the small cavities was prevented ( frozen ) below 135 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the translational degree of freedom of the benzene molecules changed drastically , depending on the temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer simulation study of nanoparticle interaction with a lipid membrane under mechanical stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pore formation of lipid bilayers under mechanical stress is critical to biological processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations of lipid bilayers with carbon nanoparticles different in size have been performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface tension was applied to study the disruption of lipid bilayers by nanoparticles and the formation of pores inside the bilayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of small nanoparticles enhances the probability of water penetration thus decreasing the membrane rupture tension , while big nanoparticles have the opposite effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoparticle volume affects bilayer strength indirectly , and particle surface density can complicate the interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural , dynamic , elastic properties and lateral densities of lipid bilayers with nanoparticles under mechanical stress were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrate the ability of nanoparticles to adjust the structural and dynamic properties of a lipid membrane , and to efficiently regulate the pore formation behavior and hydrophobicity of membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of automated paper - based devices for sequential multistep sandwich enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays using inkjet printing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first report on paper - based devices for automating the sequential multistep procedures of a sandwich - type enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) that require only a single - step application of the sample solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The device was based on a piece of nitrocellulose ( NC ) membrane with specially designed channels , where all the reagents are applied at different locations in order to control the fluid travel to the detection region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inkjet printing method , a simple and low - cost process , was used to create the flow channel and device barrier patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabricated barrier was found to be an efficient boundary for the liquid along the printed design in the NC membrane , enabling direct control of the reagent flow time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ELISA results were obtained with a single - step sample application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The developed devices ( so - called automated paper - based devices ) provided a simple procedure for the sandwich ELISA , while reducing assay time and reagent consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colorimetric results were measured using digital camera imaging with software processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capability of the method developed herein was successfully used to determine the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) by ELISA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A VUV photoionization study of the multichannel reaction of phenyl radicals with 1 , 3 - butadiene under combustion relevant conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the reaction of phenyl radicals ( C ( 6 ) H ( 5 ) ) with 1 , 3 - butadiene ( H ( 2 ) CCHCHCH ( 2 ) ) exploiting a high temperature chemical reactor under combustion - like conditions ( 300 Torr , 873 K ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "C ( 6 ) H ( 5 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) CCHCHCH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction products were probed in a supersonic beam by utilizing VUV radiation from the Advanced Light Source and by recording the experimental PIE curves at mass - to - charge ratios of m / z = 130 ( C ( 10 ) H ( 10 ) ( + ) ) , 116 ( C ( 9 ) H ( 8 ) ( + ) ) , and 104 ( C ( 8 ) H ( 8 ) ( + ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 10 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 227]}, {"entity": "C ( 9 ) H ( 8 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 259]}, {"entity": "C ( 8 ) H ( 8 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that the atomic hydrogen ( H ) , methyl ( CH ( 3 ) ) , and vinyl ( C ( 2 ) H ( 3 ) ) losses are open with estimated branching ratios of about 86 +/- 4 % , 8 +/- 2 % , and 6 +/- 2 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 45]}, {"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "CH ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "vinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "C ( 2 ) H ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isomer distributions were probed further by fitting the experimentally recorded PIE curves with a linear combination of the PIE curves of individual C ( 10 ) H ( 10 ) , C ( 9 ) H ( 8 ) , and C ( 8 ) H ( 8 ) isomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 170]}, {"entity": "C ( 9 ) H ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "C ( 8 ) H ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fits indicate the formation of three C ( 10 ) H ( 10 ) isomers ( trans - 1 , 3 - butadienylbenzene , 1 , 4 - dihydronaphthalene , 1 - methylindene ) , three C ( 9 ) H ( 8 ) isomers ( indene , phenylallene , 1 - phenyl - 1 - methylacetylene ) , and a C ( 8 ) H ( 8 ) isomer ( styrene ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "trans - 1 , 3 - butadienylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 104]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - dihydronaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 133]}, {"entity": "1 - methylindene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "C ( 9 ) H ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "indene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "phenylallene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 210]}, {"entity": "1 - phenyl - 1 - methylacetylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 245]}, {"entity": "C ( 8 ) H ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 271]}, {"entity": "styrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison with results from recent crossed molecular beam studies of the 1 , 3 - butadiene - phenyl radical reaction and electronic structure calculations suggests that trans - 1 , 3 - butadienylbenzene ( 130 amu ) , 1 , 4 - dihydronaphthalene ( 130 amu ) , and styrene ( 104 amu ) are reaction products formed as a consequence of a bimolecular reaction between the phenyl radical and 1 , 3 - butadiene .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene - phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 102]}, {"entity": "trans - 1 , 3 - butadienylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 205]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - dihydronaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 246]}, {"entity": "styrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 272]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 375]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 405]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Methylindene ( 130 amu ) , indene ( 116 amu ) , phenylallene ( 116 amu ) , and 1 - phenyl - 1 - methylacetylene ( 116 amu ) are synthesized upon reaction of the phenyl radical with three C ( 4 ) H ( 6 ) isomers : 1 , 2 - butadiene ( H ( 2 ) CCCH ( CH ( 3 ) ) ) , 1 - butyne ( HCCC ( 2 ) H ( 5 ) ) , and 2 - butyne ( CH ( 3 ) CCCH ( 3 ) ) ; these C ( 4 ) H ( 6 ) isomers can be formed from 1 , 3 - butadiene via hydrogen atom assisted isomerization reactions or via thermal rearrangements of 1 , 3 - butadiene involving hydrogen shifts in the high temperature chemical reactor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Methylindene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "indene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "phenylallene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "1 - phenyl - 1 - methylacetylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 115]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "C ( 4 ) H ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 234]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) CCCH ( CH ( 3 ) )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 262]}, {"entity": "1 - butyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 277]}, {"entity": "HCCC ( 2 ) H ( 5 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [280, 298]}, {"entity": "2 - butyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 317]}, {"entity": "CH ( 3 ) CCCH ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 339]}, {"entity": "C ( 4 ) H ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 365]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [393, 410]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [415, 423]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [495, 512]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [523, 531]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EphB4 enhances the process of endochondral ossification and inhibits remodeling during bone fracture repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous reports have identified a role for the tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 and its ligand , ephrinB2 , as potential mediators of both bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined the role of EphB4 during bone repair after traumatic injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed femoral fractures with internal fixation in transgenic mice that overexpress EphB4 under the collagen type 1 promoter ( Col1 - EphB4 ) and investigated the bone repair process up to 12 weeks postfracture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data indicated that Col1 - EphB4 mice exhibited stiffer and stronger bones after fracture compared with wild - type mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fractured bones of Col1 - EphB4 transgenic mice displayed significantly greater tissue and bone volume 2 weeks postfracture compared with that of wild - type mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings correlated with increased chondrogenesis and mineral formation within the callus site at 2 weeks postfracture , as demonstrated by increased safranin O and von Kossa staining , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "safranin O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , Col1 - EphB4 mice were found to possess significantly greater numbers of clonogenic mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells ( CFU - F ) , with an increased capacity to form mineralized nodules in vitro under osteogenic conditions , when compared with those of the wild - type control mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Col1 - EphB4 mice had significantly lower numbers of TRAP - positive multinucleated osteoclasts within the callus site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these observations suggest that EphB4 promotes endochondral ossification while inhibiting osteoclast development during callus formation and may represent a novel drug target for the repair of fractured bones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compartmentalization and antiviral effect of efavirenz metabolites in blood plasma , seminal plasma , and cerebrospinal fluid .", "entity": [{"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efavirenz ( EFV ) is one of the most commonly prescribed antiretrovirals for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EFV is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 to a number of oxygenated products ; however , the pharmacologic activity and distribution of these metabolites in anatomic compartments have yet to be explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systemic distribution of EFV oxidative metabolites was examined in blood plasma , seminal plasma , and cerebrospinal fluid from subjects on an EFV - based regimen .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 8 - hydroxy EFV metabolite was detected in blood plasma , seminal plasma , and cerebrospinal fluid , with median concentrations of 314 . 5 ng / ml , 358 . 5 ng / ml , and 3 . 37 ng / ml , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - hydroxy EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , 7 - hydroxy and 8 , 14 - hydroxy EFV were only detected in blood plasma and seminal plasma with median concentrations of 8 . 84 ng / ml and 10 . 23 ng / ml , and 5 . 63 ng / ml and 5 . 43 ng / ml , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - hydroxy and 8 , 14 - hydroxy EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , protein - free concentrations of metabolites were only detectable in seminal plasma , where a novel dihdyroxylated metabolite of EFV was also detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This accumulation of protein - free EFV metabolites was demonstrated to be the result of differential protein binding in seminal plasma compared with that of blood plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the oxidative metabolites of EFV did not present with any significant pharmacologic activity toward HIV - 1 as measured using an HIV green fluorescent protein single - round infectivity assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is the first to report the physiologic distribution of metabolites of an antiretroviral into biologic compartments that the virus is known to distribute and to examine their anti - HIV activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the male genital tract may be a novel compartment that should be considered in the evaluation of drug metabolite exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interaction studies of HIV - 1 matrix protein p17 and heparin : identification of the heparin - binding motif of p17 as a target for the development of multitarget antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once released by HIV ( + ) cells , p17 binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans ( HSPGs ) and CXCR1 on leukocytes causing their dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By exploiting an approach integrating computational modeling , site - directed mutagenesis of p17 , chemical desulfation of heparin , and surface plasmon resonance , we characterized the interaction of p17 with heparin , a HSPG structural analog , and CXCR1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p17 binds to heparin with an affinity ( K ( d ) = 190 nm ) that is similar to those of other heparin - binding viral proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two stretches of basic amino acids ( basic motifs ) are present in p17 N and C termini .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 72]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutralization ( Arg --> Ala substitution ) of the N - terminal , but not of the C - terminal basic motif , causes the loss of p17 heparin - binding capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Ala", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N - terminal heparin - binding motif of p17 partially overlaps the CXCR1 - binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , its neutralization prevents also p17 binding to the chemochine receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competition experiments demonstrated that free heparin and heparan sulfate ( HS ) , but not selectively 2 - O - , 6 - O - , and N - O desulfated heparins , prevent p17 binding to substrate - immobilized heparin , indicating that the sulfate groups of the glycosaminoglycan mediate p17 interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 109]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 119]}, {"entity": "N - O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the p17 antagonist activity of a panel of biotechnological heparins derived by chemical sulfation of the Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide revealed that the highly N , O - sulfated derivative prevents the binding of p17 to both heparin and CXCR1 , thus inhibiting p17 - driven chemotactic migration of human monocytes with an efficiency that is higher than those of heparin and HS .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 180]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we characterized at a molecular level the interaction of p17 with its cellular receptors , laying the basis for the development of heparin - mimicking p17 antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insight into tissue unbound concentration : utility in drug discovery and development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a preclinical setting , plasma or whole tissue drug concentrations are often correlated with pharmacodynamics , although according to the free drug hypothesis , unbound drug concentration should be more pharmacologically relevant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , blood concentrations may be a good surrogate for tissue concentration for passively permeable compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for a large number of compounds that are substrates for uptake and / or efflux transporters expressed at the tissue level , significant discrepancies are expected between unbound concentrations in blood and those in tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , attempts have been made to measure tissue unbound drug concentrations using tissue homogenates , slices and microdialysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mathematical expressions for calculating the rate and extent of drug distribution into tissues have also been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , a ratio of unbound concentration in the tissue to that in plasma ( K ( p , uu ) ) is the best indicator of the extent of tissue distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite these technical advances , however , very few examples demonstrate a focus on tissue unbound drug concentrations in a preclinical setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will illustrate various techniques to estimate tissue unbound drug concentrations , relevant parameters to calculate the rate and extent of tissue distribution and different factors affecting tissue unbound concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review will also highlight various examples from the literature where tissue unbound drug concentrations have demonstrated a superior correlation with efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of tissue unbound drug concentrations on the projection of human efficacious dose is also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive allosteric modulator of alpha 7 nicotinic - acetylcholine receptors , PNU - 120596 augments the effects of donepezil on learning and memory in aged rodents and non - human primates .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of novel therapeutic agents for disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) is of paramount importance given the ever - increasing elderly population , however ; there is also considerable interest in any strategy that might enhance the clinical efficacy of currently available treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate an adjunctive treatment strategy to memory enhancement , namely combining the commonly prescribed acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ( AChEI ) donepezil , with a positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) of alpha 7 nicotinic - acetylcholine receptors ( alpha 7 - nAChRs ) , PNU - 120596 .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 274]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment strategy was evaluated in a ( non - spatial ) spontaneous novel object recognition ( NOR ) task in young rats ; a water maze spatial learning and recall procedure in aged , cognitively - impaired rats , and a delayed match to sample ( working / short term memory ) task in aged rhesus monkeys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all three experiments a similar drug response was observed , namely that donepezil administered alone improved task performance in a dose - dependent manner ; that PNU - 120596 administered alone was without significant effect , but that the combination of PNU - 120596 with a subthreshold dose of donepezil was effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 272]}, {"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The positive effect of the drug combination appeared to be alpha 7 - nAChR mediated given that it was blocked in the NOR task by the selective alpha 7 - nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine ( MLA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyllycaconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 188]}, {"entity": "MLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these data indicate that PNU - 120596 increases the effective dose range of donepezil in learning / memory - related tasks in young and age - impaired animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that alpha 7 - nAChR - selective PAMs like PNU - 120596 have potential as adjunctive treatments with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( e . g . , donepezil ) for age - related illnesses such as AD as well memory disorders not necessarily associated with advanced age .", "entity": [{"entity": "PNU - 120596", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1H NMR spectra of ethane - 1 , 2 - diol and other vicinal diols in benzene : GIAO / DFT shift calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "ethane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "vicinal diols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proton NMR spectra of several 1 , 2 - diols in benzene have been analysed so as to associate each magnetically nonequivalent proton with its chemical shift .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 - diols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shifts and coupling constants of the OH and methylene protons of ethane - 1 , 2 - diol have been determined in a wide range of solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "methylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "ethane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conformer distribution and the proton NMR shifts of these 1 , 2 - diols in benzene have been computed on the basis of density functional theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 - diols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solvent is included using the integral - equation - formalism polarizable continuum model implemented in Gaussian 09 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative Gibbs energies for all stable conformers are calculated at the Perdew , Burke and Enzerhof ( PBE ) 0 / 6 - 311 + G ( d , p ) level , and shifts are calculated using the gauge - including atomic orbital method with the PBE0 / 6 - 311 + G ( d , p ) geometry but using the cc - pVTZ basis set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous calculations on ethane - 1 , 2 - diol and propane - 1 , 2 - diol have been corrected and extended .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "propane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New calculations on tert - butylethane - 1 , 2 - diol , phenylethane - 1 , 2 - diol , butane - 2 , 3 - diols ( dl and meso ) and cyclohexane - 1 , 2 - diols ( cis and trans ) are presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "tert - butylethane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 53]}, {"entity": "phenylethane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 83]}, {"entity": "butane - 2 , 3 - diols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 108]}, {"entity": "cyclohexane - 1 , 2 - diols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the computed NMR shifts are in good agreement with experimental values for the OH protons but remain systematically high for CH protons .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some results based on the Gaussian 03 solvation model are included for comparison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of Schaeffer ' s acid analogues as lead structures of mycobacterium tuberculosis type II dehydroquinase using a rational drug design approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schaeffer ' s acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rational ligand design : Schaeffer ' s acid analogues were identified as novel inhibitors of M . tuberculosis type II dehydroquinase , a key enzyme of the shikimate pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schaeffer ' s acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their likely binding mode was predicted using a combination of ensemble docking and flexible active site residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentially , this scaffold could provide a good starting point for the design of antitubercular agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stem cell - mediated gene delivering for the treatment of cerebral ischemia : progress and prospectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no effective treatment for ischemic stroke apart from thrombolytic therapy , which has a narrow therapeutic time window .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene therapy has proven to be effective in experimental stroke , but it suffers from disadvantages that limit its clinical application , such as difficulty in intracranial delivering of therapeutic genes , low efficacy in transfecting host cells and long - term expression of exogenous genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delivering therapeutic genes to the ischemic brain via stem cells is an alternative strategy of combined gene and stem cell therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are advantages for stem cell - mediated gene delivery as opposed to direct gene transfer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , studies used stem cells that over - express different neurotrophic factors , such as BDNF , GDNT , or NT3 , and found that the delivery of these genetically - modified stem cells to animal models of ischemic stroke is safe and effective , thus suggesting that stem cell - based gene therapy may be a promising treatment for stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the advantages and recent progress of stem cell - based gene therapy for ischemic stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also discuss the relevant strategy for optimizing stem cell - based gene therapy and discuss the potential strategies for its future application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure Based Lead Optimization Approach in Discovery of Selective DPP4 Inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder that has profound consequences for individuals , families , and society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , main available oral antidiabetic medications target either insulin resistance ( metformin , glitazones ) , or insulin deficiency ( sulfonylureas , glinides ) , but leading to shortfalls in medication .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "glitazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "sulfonylureas", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 154]}, {"entity": "glinides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advancement in modern oral hypoglycemic agents may be encouraged with or in place of traditional therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lower risk for hypoglycemic events as compared with other insulinotropic or insulin - sensitizing agents make DPP - 4 inhibitors very promising candidates for a more physiological treatment of type - 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only some DPP - 4 inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) and various inhibitors currently undergoing animal and human testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of catalytically active DPPs distinct from DPP - 4 ( DPP II , FAP , DPP - 8 , and DPP - 9 ) have been described that is associated with side - effect and toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To discover potent and selective and safer drugs in a shorter time frame and with reduced cost it requires using an innovative approach for designing novel inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review article focuses on the status of advanced lead candidates of DPP group and their binding affinity with the active site residue of target structure which help in discovery of potent and selective DPP - 4 inhibitors by lead optimization approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolomics and mass isotopomer analysis as a strategy for pathway discovery : pyrrolyl and cyclopentenyl derivatives of the pro - drug of abuse , levulinate .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "cyclopentenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported that levulinate ( 4 - ketopentanoate ) is converted in the liver to 4 - hydroxypentanoate , a drug of abuse , and that the formation of 4 - hydroxypentanoate is stimulated by ethanol oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "4 - ketopentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 57]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxypentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxypentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 178]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also identified 3 parallel beta - oxidation pathways by which levulinate and 4 - hydroxypentanoate are catabolized to propionyl - CoA and acetyl - CoA .", "entity": [{"entity": "levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxypentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 101]}, {"entity": "propionyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 136]}, {"entity": "acetyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now report that levulinate forms three seven - carbon cyclical CoA esters by processes starting with the elongation of levulinyl - CoA by acetyl - CoA to 3 , 6 - diketoheptanoyl - CoA .", "entity": [{"entity": "levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "levulinyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "acetyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 153]}, {"entity": "3 , 6 - diketoheptanoyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter gamma - diketo CoA ester undergoes two parallel cyclization processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - diketo CoA ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One process yields a mixture of tautomers , i . e . , cyclopentenyl - and cyclopentadienyl - acyl - CoAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentenyl - and cyclopentadienyl - acyl - CoAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second cyclization process yields a methyl - pyrrolyl - acetyl - CoA containing a nitrogen atom derived from the epsilon - nitrogen of lysine but without carbons from lysine .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl - pyrrolyl - acetyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 72]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "epsilon - nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclic CoA esters were identified in rat livers perfused with levulinate and in livers and brains from rats gavaged with calcium levulinate +/- ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic CoA esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "calcium levulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , 3 , 6 - diketoheptanoyl - CoA , like 2 , 5 - diketohexane , pyrrolates free lysine and , presumably , lysine residues from proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 6 - diketoheptanoyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 38]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 - diketohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "pyrrolates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may represent a new pathway for protein pyrrolation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclic CoA esters and related pyrrolation processes may play a role in the toxic effects of 4 - hydroxypentanoate .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic CoA esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxypentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolution of north - east Atlantic gadfly petrels using statistical phylogeography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macaronesia ( north - east Atlantic archipelagos ) has been host to complex patterns of colonization and differentiation in many groups of organisms including seabirds such as gadfly petrels ( genus Pterodroma ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the subspecies of widely distributed soft - plumaged petrel for many years , the taxonomic status of the three gadfly petrel taxa breeding in Macaronesia is not yet settled , some authors advocating the presence of three , two or one species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These birds have already been the subject of genetic studies with only one mtDNA gene and relatively modest sample sizes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , using a total of five genes ( two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns ) , we investigated the population and phylogeographical histories of petrel populations breeding on Madeira and Cape Verde archipelagos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite confirming complete lineage sorting with mtDNA , analyses with nucDNA failed to reveal any population structuring and Isolation with Migration analysis revealed the absence of gene flow during the differentiation process of these populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that the three populations diverged in the late Pleistocene in the last 150 000 years , that is 10 times more recently than previous estimates based solely on one mtDNA gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , our results suggest that the Madeira petrel population is ancestral rather than that from Cape Verde .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study strongly advocates the use of nuclear loci in addition to mtDNA in demographical and phylogeographical history studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WDDD : Worm Developmental Dynamics Database .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During animal development , cells undergo dynamic changes in position and gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A collection of quantitative information about morphological dynamics under a wide variety of gene perturbations would provide a rich resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we created a database , the Worm Developmental Dynamics Database ( http : / / so . qbic . riken . jp / wddd / ) , which stores a collection of quantitative information about cell division dynamics in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos with single genes silenced by RNA - mediated interference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information contains the three - dimensional coordinate values of the outlines of nuclear regions and the dynamics of the outlines over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The database provides free access to 50 sets of quantitative data for wild - type embryos and 136 sets of quantitative data for RNA - mediated interference embryos corresponding to 72 of the 97 essential embryonic genes on chromosome III .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The database also provides sets of four - dimensional differential interference contrast microscopy images on which the quantitative data were based .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The database will provide a novel opportunity for the development of computational methods to obtain fresh insights into the mechanisms of development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative information and microscopy images can be synchronously viewed through a web browser , which is designed for easy access by experimental biologists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atomically flat , large - sized , two - dimensional organic nanocrystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - sized , 2D single crystals of perylene are grown by both solution - cast and physical vapor transport methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "perylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystals have a atomically flat parallelogram morphology and the aspect ratios of the lateral extension compared to the thickness are up to 10 ( 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atomically flat feature leads to good interface contact , making a single - crystal field - effect transistor with higher mobility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mobility of atomically flat crystals can be 10 ( 3 ) - 10 ( 4 ) times higher than rough crystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D - QSAR - assisted drug design : identification of a potent quinazoline - based Aurora kinase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the 3D - QSAR - assisted design of an Aurora kinase A inhibitor with improved physicochemical properties , in vitro activity , and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles over those of the initial lead .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three different 3D - QSAR models were built and validated by using a set of 66 pyrazole ( Model I ) and furanopyrimidine ( Model II ) compounds with IC ( 50 ) values toward Aurora kinase A ranging from 33 nM to 10 . 5 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "furanopyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best 3D - QSAR model , Model III , constructed with 24 training set compounds from both series , showed robustness ( r ( 2 ) ( CV ) = 0 . 54 and 0 . 52 for CoMFA and CoMSIA , respectively ) and superior predictive capacity for 42 test set compounds ( R ( 2 ) ( pred ) = 0 . 52 and 0 . 67 , CoMFA and CoMSIA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superimposition of CoMFA and CoMSIA Model III over the crystal structure of Aurora kinase A suggests the potential to improve the activity of the ligands by decreasing the steric clash with Val147 and Leu139 and by increasing hydrophobic contact with Leu139 and Gly216 residues in the solvent - exposed region of the enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these suggestions , the rational redesign of furanopyrimidine 24 ( clog P = 7 . 41 ; Aurora A IC ( 50 ) = 43 nM ; HCT - 116 IC ( 50 ) = 400 nM ) led to the identification of quinazoline 67 ( clog P = 5 . 28 ; Aurora A IC ( 50 ) = 25 nM ; HCT - 116 IC ( 50 ) = 23 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "furanopyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat in vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that 67 has better systemic exposure after i . v . administration than 24 , and holds potential for further development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health : a systematic review of prices , demand and body weight outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taxes and subsidies are increasingly being considered as potential policy instruments to incentivize consumers to improve their food and beverage consumption patterns and related health outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provided a systematic review of recent U . S . studies on the price elasticity of demand for sugar - sweetened beverages ( SSBs ) , fast food , and fruits and vegetables , as well as the direct associations of prices / taxes with body weight outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the recent literature , the price elasticity of demand for SSBs , fast food , fruits and vegetables was estimated to be - 1 . 21 , - 0 . 52 , - 0 . 49 and - 0 . 48 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies that linked soda taxes to weight outcomes showed minimal impacts on weight ; however , they were based on existing state - level sales taxes that were relatively low .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher fast - food prices were associated with lower weight outcomes particularly among adolescents , suggesting that raising prices would potentially impact weight outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower fruit and vegetable prices were generally found to be associated with lower body weight outcomes among both low - income children and adults , suggesting that subsidies that would reduce the cost of fruits and vegetables for lower - socioeconomic populations may be effective in reducing obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pricing instruments should continue to be considered and evaluated as potential policy instruments to address public health risks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cannabinoid agonists increase the interaction between beta - Arrestin 2 and ERK1 / 2 and upregulate beta - Arrestin 2 and 5 - HT ( 2A ) receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently reported that selective cannabinoid 2 ( CB ( 2 ) ) receptor agonists upregulate 5 - HT ( 2A ) receptors by enhancing ERK1 / 2 signaling in prefrontal cortex ( PFCx ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased activity of cortical 5 - HT ( 2A ) receptors has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we examine the mechanisms involved in this enhanced ERK1 / 2 activation in rat PFCx and in a neuronal cell model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague - Dawley rats treated with a non - selective cannabinoid agonist ( CP55940 , 50 mu g / kg , 7 days , i . p . ) showed enhanced co - immunoprecipitation of beta - Arrestin 2 and ERK1 / 2 , enhanced pERK protein levels , and enhanced expression of beta - Arrestin 2 mRNA and protein levels in PFCx .", "entity": [{"entity": "CP55940", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a neuronal cell line , we found that selective CB ( 2 ) receptor agonists upregulate beta - Arrestin 2 , an effect that was prevented by selective CB ( 2 ) receptor antagonist JTE - 907 and CB ( 2 ) shRNA lentiviral particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "JTE - 907", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , inhibition of clathrin - mediated endocytosis , ERK1 / 2 , and the AP - 1 transcription factor also prevented the cannabinoid receptor - induced upregulation of beta - Arrestin 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that sustained activation of CB ( 2 ) receptors would enhance beta - Arrestin 2 expression possibly contributing to its increased interaction with ERK1 / 2 , thereby driving the upregulation of 5 - HT ( 2A ) receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CB ( 2 ) receptor - mediated upregulation of beta - Arrestin 2 would be mediated , at least in part , by an ERK1 / 2 - dependent activation of AP - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data could provide the rationale for some of the adverse effects associated with repeated cannabinoid exposure and shed light on some CB ( 2 ) receptor agonists that could represent an alternative therapeutic because of their minimal effect on serotonergic neurotransmission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beneficial effects of polyphenols on cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , numerous studies have demonstrated the health benefits of polyphenols , and special attention has been paid to their beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease , the leading cause of death in the world today .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyphenols present vasodilator effects and are able to improve lipid profiles and attenuate the oxidation of low density lipoproteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , they present clear anti - inflammatory effects and can modulate apoptotic processes in the vascular endothelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been suggested that most of these effects are a consequence of the antioxidant properties of polyphenols , but this idea is not completely accepted , and many other mechanisms have been proposed recently to explain the health effects of these compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , different signaling pathways have been linked to polyphenols .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review brings together some recent studies which establish the beneficial properties of polyphenols for cardiovascular disease and analyzes the mechanisms involved in these properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deficits in male sexual behavior in adulthood after social instability stress in adolescence in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing evidence that exposure to stressors in adolescence has long - lasting effects on emotional and cognitive behavior , but little is known as to whether reproductive functions are affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated appetitive and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior in male rats that were exposed to chronic social instability stress ( SS , n = 24 ) for 16 days in mid - adolescence compared to control rats ( CTL , n = 24 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over five sexual behavior test sessions with a receptive female , SS rats made fewer ejaculations ( p = 0 . 02 ) and had longer latencies to ejaculation ( p = 0 . 03 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When only data from rats that ejaculated in the fifth session were analyzed , SS rats ( n = 18 ) had reduced copulatory efficiency ( more mounts and intromissions before ejaculation ) compared to CTL rats ( n = 19 ) ( p = 0 . 004 ) , and CTL rats were twice as likely as SS rats to make more than one ejaculation in the fifth session ( p = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , more CTL ( 14 / 24 ) than SS ( 5 / 25 ) rats ejaculated in four or more sessions ( p = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SS rats had lower plasma testosterone concentrations than CTL rats ( p = 0 . 05 ) , but did not differ in androgen receptor , estrogen receptor alpha , or Fos immunoreactive cell counts in the medial preoptic area .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The groups did not differ in a partner preference test administered between the fourth and fifth sexual behavior session .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that developmental history contributes to individual differences in reproductive behavior , and that stress exposures in adolescence may be a factor in sexual sluggishness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin AT2 receptor activates the cyclic - AMP signaling pathway in eel .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic - AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unique angiotensin type 2 receptor ( AT2 ) that induces a cAMP signaling pathway was cloned and characterized for the first time in fish , Anguilla japonica .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phylogeny and synteny results showed that the AT2s among fishes and tetrapods share the same origin despite a sub - cluster formation among eel , salmon , and zebrafish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The eel AT2 was expressed abundantly in the spleen and localized at straight arterioles and ellipsoid regions prior to the sinusoid , suggesting a role in the regulation of microcirculation and / or immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various angiotensin ( Ang ) peptides , including Ang II , Ang III , and Ang IV , were detected in the spleen by a radioimmunoassay coupled with HPLC separation , and these endogenous peptides stimulated a cAMP signaling , which has no crosstalk with cGMP pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common and contrasting features of AT2 between fishes and mammals imply some ancestral characters of AT2 , which are important information for receptor binding and evolutionary studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraindividual and interindividual variabilities in endogenous cortisol 6 beta - hydroxylation clearance as an index for in vivo CYP3A phenotyping in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to evaluate the in vivo activity of cytochrome P450 3A ( CYP3A ) in 49 healthy Japanese subjects aged 22 - 58 years using endogenous cortisol 6 beta - hydroxylation clearance [ CLm ( 6 beta ) ] , a novel biomarker for CYP3A phenotyping .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLm ( 6 beta ) in the 49 healthy subjects was 2 . 40 +/- 0 . 79 ml / min with an approximately 4 - fold interindividual variability of CYP3A activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean clearance in the 24 women was 2 . 50 +/- 0 . 89 ml / min ; the value in the women was higher than in the 25 men ( 2 . 30 +/- 0 . 69 ml / min ) by approximately 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also measured the change of CLm ( 6 beta ) in 14 healthy subjects in the morning at 10 : 00 - 12 : 00 every 2 or 3 days over a period of 36 - 53 days and observed a 1 . 5 - fold to 3 . 4 - fold day - to - day intraindividual variability in the CYP3A activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean value for CLm ( 6 beta ) in each subject for 36 - 53 days was 2 . 54 +/- 0 . 76 ml / min ( n = 14 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also evaluated the CLm ( 6 beta ) every 2 hours from 8 : 00 - 20 : 00 in 26 healthy subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The within - day intraindividual clearance variability was 1 . 1 - fold to 2 . 5 - fold ( 2 . 45 +/- 0 . 91 ml / min , n = 26 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No characteristic diurnal rhythms were observed in the in vivo activity of CYP3A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis part X : synthesis and bioevaluation of novel terpenyl heterocycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpenyl heterocycles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some novel alpha and beta ionone based chalcones and their dihydropyrazolidines / pyrazolidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities against Leishmania donovani .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha and beta ionone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "chalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "dihydropyrazolidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "pyrazolidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongest all , one compound ( 4d ) exhibited significant in vitro activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani with IC ( 50 ) values of 7 . 49 mu M and was found promising as compared to reference drug , miltefosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "miltefosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of good Selectivity Index ( S . I . ) , the compound was further tested for its in vivo response against Leishmania donovani / hamster model and has shown significant inhibition of parasite multiplication ( 81 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study has helped us in identifying a new lead that could be exploited as a potential antileishmanial agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , synthesis and inhibitory activities of naringenin derivatives on human colon cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the previous result , several naringenin derivatives modified at position 7 with bulky substituents were designed and synthesized , and their inhibitory effects on HCT116 human colon cancer cells were tested using a clonogenic assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The half maximal inhibitory concentrations ( IC ( 50 ) ) of five naringenin derivatives ranged between 1 . 20 mu M and 20 . 01 mu M which are much better than naringenin used as a control .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , new structural modification at C - 4 of flavanone results in improving both the anti - cancer effect and anti - oxidative effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK2 ) binding assay was carried out based on the previous results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the possible interaction between naringenin derivatives and CDK2 , in silico docking study was performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result demonstrates the rationale for the different inhibitory activities of the naringenin derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings could be used for designing cancer therapeutic or preventive flavanone - derived agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triazoyl - phenyl linker system enhancing the aqueous solubility of a molecular probe and its efficiency in affinity labeling of a target protein for jasmonate glucoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triazoyl - phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "jasmonate glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In methods employing molecular probes to explore the targets of bioactive small molecules , long or rigid linker moieties are thought to be critical factors for efficient tagging of target protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported the synthesis of a jasmonate glucoside probe with a highly rigid linker consisting of a triazoyl - phenyl ( TAzP ) moiety , and this probe demonstrated effective target tagging .", "entity": [{"entity": "jasmonate glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "triazoyl - phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "TAzP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we compare the TAzP probe with other rigid or flexible probes with respect to target tagging efficiency , hydrophobic parameters , aqueous solubility , and dihedral angles around the biaryl linkage by a combination of empirical and calculation methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAzP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "biaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rigid biaryl linkage of the TAzP probe has a skewed conformation that influences its aqueous solubility .", "entity": [{"entity": "biaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "TAzP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such features that include rigidness and good aqueous solubility resulted in highly efficient target tagging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide a promising guideline toward designing of better linkers for improving molecular probe performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a selective M 4 positive allosteric modulator based on the 3 - amino - thieno [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine - 2 - carboxamide scaffold : development of ML253 , a potent and brain penetrant compound that is active in a preclinical model of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - amino - thieno [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine - 2 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 131]}, {"entity": "ML253", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report a next generation muscarinic receptor 4 ( M ( 4 ) ) positive allosteric modulator ( PAM ) , ML253 which exhibits nanomolar activity at both the human ( EC ( 50 ) = 56 nM ) and rat ( EC ( 50 ) = 176 nM ) receptors and excellent efficacy by the left - ward shift of the ACh concentration response curve ( fold shift , human = 106 ; rat = 50 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ML253", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , ML253 is selective against the four other muscarinic subtypes , displays excellent CNS exposure and is active in an amphetamine - induced hyperlocomotion assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "ML253", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effect by dammarane - type triterpenes from hydrolyzate of total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "dammarane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "triterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B ( PTP1B ) is an important factor in non - insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus ( type - 2 diabetes ) , and a promising target for treatment of diabetes and obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory activities of constituents ( three new together with twelve known triterpenes compounds ) isolated from the hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were accomplished mainly base on the spectroscopic methods , and then were further confirmed by X - ray crystal diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against PTP1B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current data suggested that the compounds 1 , 3 , 12 , 13 and 14 were considered to be potential as antidiabetic agents , in which they could significantly inhibit the PTP1B enzyme activity in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constant light disrupts the circadian rhythm of steroidogenic proteins in the rat adrenal gland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The circadian rhythm of corticosterone ( CORT ) secretion from the adrenal cortex is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) , which is entrained to the light - dark cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the circadian CORT rhythm is associated with circadian expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory ( StAR ) protein , we investigated the 24h pattern of hormonal secretion ( ACTH and CORT ) , steroidogenic gene expression ( StAR , SF - 1 , DAX1 and Nurr77 ) and the expression of genes involved in ACTH signalling ( MC2R and MRAP ) in rats entrained to a normal light - dark cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that circadian changes in ACTH and CORT were associated with the circadian expression of all gene targets ; with SF - 1 , Nurr77 and MRAP peaking in the evening , and DAX1 and MC2R peaking in the morning .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since disruption of normal SCN activity by exposure to constant light abolishes the circadian rhythm of CORT in the rat , we also investigated whether the AM - PM variation of our target genes was also disrupted in rats exposed to constant light conditions for 5weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the disruption of the AM - PM variation of ACTH and CORT secretion in rats exposed to constant light was accompanied by a loss of AM - PM variation in StAR , SF - 1 and DAX1 , and a reversed AM - PM variation in Nurr77 , MC2R and MRAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that circadian expression of StAR is regulated by the circadian expression of nuclear receptors and proteins involved in both ACTH signalling and StAR transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that ACTH regulates the secretion of CORT via the circadian control of steroidogenic gene pathways that become dysregulated under the influence of constant light .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and anti - tumor evaluation of novel 25 - hydroxyprotopanaxadiol analogs incorporating natural amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyprotopanaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , derivatives of 25 - hydroxyprotopanaxadiol ( 25 - OH - PPD ) were prepared and their in vitro anti - tumor activities were tested on six different human tumor cell lines by standard MTT assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyprotopanaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 65]}, {"entity": "25 - OH - PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that combining an ester group combined with the presence of an amino acid moiety led to a 10 - fold improved anti - tumor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1c exhibited the best anti - tumor activity in the in vitro assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 2c , 3c , 4c , 5c , 6c and 8b showed better anti - tumor activities compared to the parent compound 25 - OH - PPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - OH - PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current results may provide useful data for researching and developing new anti - cancer agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary delivery of an aerosolized recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase pretreatment protects against aerosolized paraoxon in macaques .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) is the leading pretreatment candidate against exposure to organophosphates ( OPs ) , which pose an ever increasing public and military health .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since respiratory failure is the primary cause of death following acute OP poisoning , an inhaled BChE therapeutic could prove highly efficacious in preventing acute toxicity as well as the associated delayed neuropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this , studies have been performed in mice and macaques using Chinese Hamster Ovary cells ( CHO ) - derived recombinant ( r ) BChE delivered by the pulmonary route , to examine whether the deposition of both macaque ( Ma ) and human ( Hu ) rBChE administered as aerosols ( aer ) favored the creation and retention of an efficient protective \" pulmonary bioshield \" that could scavenge incoming ( inhaled ) OPs in situ thereby preventing entry into the circulation and inhibition of plasma BChE and AChE on red blood cells ( RBC - AChE ) and in cholinergic synapses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to parenteral delivery of rBChE , which currently requires posttranslational modification for good plasma stability , an unmodified aer - rBChE pretreatment given 1 - 40h prior to > 1 LD50 of aer - paraoxon ( Px ) was able to prevent inhibition of circulating cholinesterase in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies are the first to show protection by rBChE against a pesticide such as paraoxon when delivered directly into the lung and bode well for the use of a non - invasive and consumer friendly method of rHuBChE delivery as a human treatment to counteract OP toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraoxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspidin PB , a phloroglucinol derivative , induces apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells by modulating PI3K / Akt / GSK3 beta pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phloroglucinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspidin PB , a phloroglucinol derivative isolated from Dryopteris fragrans ( L . ) Schott , has been previously reported to exert high biological activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phloroglucinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we analyzed the apoptotic mechanisms of aspidin PB on human hepatoma cell line , HepG2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially , aspidin PB was shown to inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells in a time and dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After treatment with aspidin PB for 72 h , 48 h and 24 h using MTT assay , the IC ( 50 ) values were 10 . 59 mu M , 20 . 86 mu M and 46 . 59 mu M , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspidin PB was capable to induce apoptosis , as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential ( Delta Psi m ) , acridine orange ( AO ) staining and propidium iodide ( PI ) / annexin V - FITC double staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "acridine orange", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "propidium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further explore the signaling pathway of aspidin PB - mediated apoptosis , we examined PI3K / Akt related proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis revealed that aspidin PB inhibited PI3K expression , phosphorylation of Ser473 Akt and Ser9 GSK3 beta followed by up - regulation of nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs activated gene - 1 ( NAG - 1 ) expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Ser473", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Ser9", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the effects of aspidin PB on PI3K , Akt , GSK3 beta , NAG - 1 expression were abolished by treatment with the PI3K inhibitor , wortmannin .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our data suggested that the PI3K / Akt / GSK3 beta signal pathway may represent one of the major mechanisms of the effects of aspidin PB on human hepatocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspidin PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adaptation of bifidobacteria to the gastrointestinal tract and functional consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are considered to be important constituents of the microbiota of animals , from insects to mammals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are gut commensals extensively used by the food industry as probiotic microorganisms , since some strains have been shown to have specific beneficial effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the molecular processes underlying their functional capacities to promote a healthy status in the host , as well as those involved in survival , colonization and persistence of bifidobacteria in the gut , are far from being completely understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms used by bifidobacteria to cope with gastrointestinal factors and to adapt to them , and discusses the advantages of the adaptive traits acquired by these microorganisms as a consequence of their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract environment , as well as the impact of such adaptations in the functional characteristics of bifidobacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of CIP2A determines erlotinib - induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erlotinib is a small - molecular inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify that cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A ( CIP2A ) is a major determinant mediating erlotinib - induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erlotinib showed differential effects on apoptosis in 4 human HCC cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erlotinib induced significant apoptosis in Hep3B and PLC5 cell lines ; however , Huh - 7 and HA59T cell lines showed resistance to erlotinib - induced apoptosis at all tested doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down - regulation of CIP2A , a cellular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A ( PP2A ) , mediated the apoptotic effect of erlotinib in HCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erlotinib inhibited CIP2A in a dose - and time - dependent manner in all sensitive HCC cells whereas no alterations in CIP2A were found in resistant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of CIP2A upregulated phospho - Akt and protected Hep3B cells from erlotinib - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , silencing CIP2A by siRNA restored the effects of erlotinib in Huh - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , adding okadaic acid , a PP2A inhibitor , abolished the effects of erlotinib on apoptosis in Hep3B cells ; and forskolin , a PP2A agonist enhanced the effect of erlotinib in resistant HA59T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "okadaic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "forskolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining Akt inhibitor MK - 2206 with erlotinib restored the sensitivity of HA59T cells to erlotinib .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 2206", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in vivo xenograft data showed that erlotinib inhibited the growth of PLC5 tumor but had no effect on Huh - 7 tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erlotinib downregulated CIP2A and upregulated PP2A activity in PLC5 tumors , but not in Huh - 7 tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , inhibition of CIP2A determines the effects of erlotinib on apoptosis in HCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIP2A may be useful as a therapeutic biomarker for predicting clinical response to erlotinib in HCC treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boldine protects endothelial function in hyperglycemia - induced oxidative stress through an antioxidant mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidants are therapeutically beneficial for oxidative stress - associated diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boldine ( [ s ] - 2 , 9 - dihydroxy - 1 , 10 - dimethoxyaporphine ) is a major alkaloid present in the leaves and bark of the boldo tree ( Peumus boldus Molina ) , with known an antioxidant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "[ s ] - 2 , 9 - dihydroxy - 1 , 10 - dimethoxyaporphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the protective effects of boldine against high glucose - induced oxidative stress in rat aortic endothelial cells ( RAEC ) and its mechanisms of vasoprotection related to diabetic endothelial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In RAEC exposed to high glucose ( 30 mM ) for 48 h , pre - treatment with boldine reduced the elevated ROS and nitrotyrosine formation , and preserved nitric oxide ( NO ) production .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - incubation with beta - NAPDH reduced the acetylcholine - induced endothelium - dependent relaxation ; this attenuation was reversed by boldine .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - NAPDH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with control , endothelium - dependent relaxation in the aortas of streptozotocin ( STZ ) - treated diabetic rats was significantly improved by both acute ( 1 mu M , 30 min ) and chronic ( 20mg / kg / daily , i . p . , 7 days ) treatment with boldine .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular superoxide and peroxynitrite formation measured by DHE fluorescence or chemiluminescence assay were higher in sections of aortic rings from diabetic rats compared with control .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "DHE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic boldine treatment normalized ROS over - production in the diabetic group and this correlated with reduction of NAD ( P ) H oxidase subunits , NOX2 and p47 ( phox ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study shows that boldine reversed the increased ROS formation in high glucose - treated endothelial cells and restored endothelial function in STZ - induced diabetes by inhibiting oxidative stress and thus increasing NO bioavailability .", "entity": [{"entity": "boldine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between DNA damage in sperm after ex vivo exposure and abnormal embryo development in the progeny of the three - spined stickleback .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many xenobiotics released in the aquatic environment exhibit a genotoxic potential toward organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long term exposure to such compounds is expected to lead to multigenerational reproductive defects , further influencing the recruitment rate and hence , the population dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paternal exposure to genotoxicants was previously shown to increase abnormal development in the progeny of mammalian or aquatic species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between DNA damage in sperm of the fish three - spined stickleback and progeny developmental defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spermatozoa were exposed ex vivo to an alkylating agent ( methyl methanesulfonate ) before in vitro fertilization and DNA damage was assessed by the alkaline comet assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl methanesulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant relationship between abnormal development and sperm DNA damage was underlined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study illustrates the interest to use germ cell DNA damage after ex vivo exposure to evaluate the impact of genotoxic compounds on progeny fitness in aquatic organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrated pharmacokinetic - driven approach to screen candidate anticancer drugs for brain tumor chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of the study was to develop an effective screening strategy to select new agents for brain tumor chemotherapy from a series of low molecular weight anticancer agents [ ON123x ] by the combined use of in silico , in vitro cytotoxicity , and in vitro ADME profiling studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "ON123x", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of these studies were cast into a pipeline of tier 1 and tier 2 procedures that resulted in the identification of ON123300 as the lead compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "ON123300", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 154 ON123xx compounds , 13 met tier 1 screening criteria based on physicochemical properties [ i . e . , MW < 450 Da , predicted log P between 2 and 3 . 5 ] and in vitro glioma cell cytotoxicity [ i . e . , IC50 < 10 mu M ] and were further tested in tier 2 assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "ON123xx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tier 2 profiling studies consisted of metabolic stability , MDCK - MDR1 cell permeability and plasma and brain protein binding that were combined to globally assess whether favorable pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration could be achieved in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo cassette dosing studies were conducted in mice for 12 compounds that permitted examination of in vitro / in vivo relationships that confirmed the suitability of the in vitro assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A parameter derived from the in vitro assays accurately predicted the extent of drug accumulation in the brain based on the area under the drug concentration - time curve in brain measured in the cassette dosing study ( r ( 2 ) = 0 . 920 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the current studies demonstrated the value of an integrated pharmacokinetic - driven approach to identify potentially efficacious agents for brain tumor chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new C - benzylated dihydrochalcone derivatives from the leaves of Melodorum siamensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - benzylated dihydrochalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new C - benzylated dihydrochalcone derivatives , 4 , 2 ' , 4 ' - trihydroxy - 6 ' - methoxy - 3 ' ( 2 ' ' - hydroxybenzyl ) dihydrochalcone ( 1 ) and 2 ' , 4 ' - dihydroxy - 4 , 6 ' - dimethoxy - 3 ' ( 2 ' ' - hydroxybenzyl ) dihydrochalcone ( 2 ) , along with six known flavonoid derivatives ( 3 - 8 ) , a known dihydrochalcone dimer ( 9 ) , three known aromatic esters ( 10 - 12 ) , and one known aromatic amide ( 13 ) , were isolated from the leaves of Melodorum siamensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - benzylated dihydrochalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 38]}, {"entity": "4 , 2 ' , 4 ' - trihydroxy - 6 ' - methoxy - 3 ' ( 2 ' ' - hydroxybenzyl ) dihydrochalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 143]}, {"entity": "2 ' , 4 ' - dihydroxy - 4 , 6 ' - dimethoxy - 3 ' ( 2 ' ' - hydroxybenzyl ) dihydrochalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 245]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 284]}, {"entity": "dihydrochalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 332]}, {"entity": "aromatic esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [359, 374]}, {"entity": "aromatic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [403, 417]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis , mainly 1D and 2D NMR techniques ( 1H , 13C , COSY , HMQC , and HMBC ) , as well as by comparison with literature data .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "13C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolated compounds with a sufficient amount for biological assays were evaluated for their antimalarial , antimycobactirial , and cytotoxic activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 , 2 , and 13 exhibited strong cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines KB and NCI - H187 , with IC50 values in the range of 0 . 66 - 7 . 16 micro g / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avoidance of contaminated sediments by an amphipod ( Melita plumulosa ) , A harpacticoid copepod ( Nitocra spinipes ) , and a snail ( Phallomedusa solida ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution of contaminants is seldom homogeneous in aquatic systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the avoidance response of Melita plumulosa , Nitocra spinipes , and Phallomedusa solida when exposed to contaminated sediments was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Test vessels were designed to allow the congruent placement of two sediments and assessment of the movement of organisms between the sediments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When exposed to reference sediment , each species dispersed evenly between test chambers regardless of differences in sediment particle size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of contaminated sediment , the magnitude and rate of avoidance varied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avoidance assays showed that test species avoided contaminated sediment as early as 6 , 6 , and 24 h following exposure for N . spinipes , P . solida , and M . plumulosa , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 48 - h avoidance response of M . plumulosa for nine contaminated sediments of varying toxicity showed that avoidance was generally greater for sediments which elicited greater 10 - d lethality to this species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study demonstrated that each of these species has the ability to respond to chemical cues in the environment to inhabit sediment that provides the best opportunity for survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The avoidance response for each species indicates the potential for developing rapid screening methods to assess sediment quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence suggests that avoidance was related to sediment toxicity and that static 10 - d toxicity methods are likely to overestimate toxicity for species , which would avoid contamination in heterogeneous field settings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Facile and clean release of vertical Si nanowires by wet chemical etching based on alkali hydroxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "alkali hydroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple method to release Si nanowires ( SiNWs ) from a substrate , with their original length almost intact , is demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By exploiting the unique chemistry involved for the fabrication of vertical arrays of SiNWs in metal - assisted chemical etching ( MaCE ) based either on HF / AgNO3 or HF / H2O2 chemistries , wet etching with alkali hydroxides such as NaOH or KOH preferentially attacks the bottom part of the vertical SiNWs .", "entity": [{"entity": "HF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "AgNO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 164]}, {"entity": "HF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 170]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "alkali hydroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 226]}, {"entity": "NaOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}, {"entity": "KOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A protective layer of Si oxide is found to exist on the outer wall of the SiNWs and to play the key role of etch mask during the release - etching by alkali hydroxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "alkali hydroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clean release of SiNWs also enables the repeated use of the Si substrate for the fabrication of vertical SiNW arrays by MaCE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The released SiNWs are further used for the fabrication of field - effect transistors on a flexible plastic substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method developed here , when combined with a suitable assembling technique , can be very useful in implementing flexible electronics , or in the fabrication of SiNW composites with other functional materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enantioseparation of four organophosphonate derivatives on N - ( 3 , 5 - dinitrobenzoyl ) - L - leucine - n - propylamide stationary phase by molecular modeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "N - ( 3 , 5 - dinitrobenzoyl ) - L - leucine - n - propylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups of organophosphonate derivatives enantiomers were separated on N - ( 3 , 5 - dinitrobenzoyl ) - S - leucine chiral stationary phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "N - ( 3 , 5 - dinitrobenzoyl ) - S - leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three - dimensional structures of the complexes between the single enantiotopic chiral compounds and chiral stationary phase have been studied using molecular model and molecular dynamics simulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed results regarding the conformation , auto - docking , and thermodynamic estimation are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elution order of the enantiomer could be determined from the energy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted chiral discrimination was obtained by computational results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattice deformation and domain distortion in the self - assembly of block copolymer thin films on chemical patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The self - assembly of cylinder - forming block copolymer ( BCP ) microdomains confined within chemical stripe patterns of widths incommensurate with the natural period of the copolymers , L0 , is studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that this incommensurability causes changes in both the shapes of the microdomains and their spatial period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , a transition from n to n + 1 rows of microdomains is observed when the stripe width is about n +/- 1 / 2 L0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the stripe ' s width is comparable to L0 , ellipticity of microdomains can be induced with an aspect ratio up to 2 . 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free energy models are applied to describe the energetic origin of such behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although our observations qualitatively resemble results in sphere - forming BCPs confined in topographical trenches , the quantitative difference is noteworthy and technologically important for the design of nanostructures with programmable shapes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enantioanalysis of pipecolic acid with stochastic and potentiometric microsensors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pipecolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stochastic and potentiometric microsensors based on porphyrins and polymeric surfactants such as polysodium N - undecanoyl - L - leucylvanilate and polysodium N - undecanoyl - L - vanilate were developed for enantioselective assay of pipecolic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyrins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "polysodium N - undecanoyl - L - leucylvanilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 143]}, {"entity": "polysodium N - undecanoyl - L - vanilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 188]}, {"entity": "pipecolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The matrices used for the design of the stochastic sensors were diamond paste and graphite paste , while the matrix used for the design of potentiometric sensors was carbon paste .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response characteristics of the microsensors were determined for the enantiomers of pipecolic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "pipecolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response characteristics , selectivity , and enantioselectivity studies proved that the proposed microsensors can be used for clinical enantioanalysis of pipecolic acid in biological fluids , e . g . , urine and whole blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "pipecolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brewster angle microscopy of Langmuir films of athabasca bitumens , n - C5 asphaltenes , and SAGD bitumen during pressure - area hysteresis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bitumen films formed on water surfaces have negative consequences , both environmental and economic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CanmetENERGY has placed considerable research emphasis on understanding the structures of the bitumen films on water as a necessary step before optimization of bitumen extraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The detailed structures of the adsorbed molecules and , especially , the role of asphaltene molecules at the interfaces are still under scrutiny and debate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we compared bitumen and asphaltene films as they were compressed and expanded under various surface pressures in order to achieve a clearer understanding of bitumen film structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a customized NIMA Langmuir trough interfaced to a Brewster angle microscope ( BAM ) and CCD camera ( Nanofilm _ ep3BAM , Accurion , previously Nanofilm Gmbh ) to study images of bitumen films at the air / water interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bitumen film appeared uniform with high reflectivity at a surface pressure of 18 mN . m ( - 1 ) and exhibited a coarse pebblelike interface with reduced reflectivity in the liquid condensed ( LC ) phase at higher pressures ( 18 - 35 mN . m ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first cycle of compression asphaltene films showed well - defined phase transitions and a uniformly smooth interface in the LC phase between 9 and 35 mN . m ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , folding or buckling occurred at surface pressures from 35 to 44 mN . m ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On expansion , asphaltene films appeared to break into islands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hysteresis of the pressure - area isotherm was much larger for asphaltenes than for bitumen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both compression and expansion cycles , BAM images for bitumen films appeared to be more reproducible than those of the asphaltene films at the same surface pressures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Films for low - degrees API SAGD bitumen were almost identical to those for surface - mined bitumen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Films formed from partially deasphalted surface - mined bitumens showed higher compressibility and lower rigidity than the original bitumen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BAM images illustrated significant differences between the partially deasphalted and original bitumen films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other components in bitumen also played important roles in determining the interfacial properties of bitumen films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel 2 - aminooctahydrocyclopentalene - 3a - carboxamides as potent CCR2 antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminooctahydrocyclopentalene - 3a - carboxamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel CCR2 antagonists with a novel 2 - aminooctahydrocyclopentalene - 3a - carboxamide scaffold were designed .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminooctahydrocyclopentalene - 3a - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAR studies led to a series of potent compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , compound 51 had a good PK profile in both dog and monkey , and exhibited excellent efficacy when dosed orally in an inflammation model in hCCR2 KI mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , an asymmetric synthesis to the core structures was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessing the chemical accuracy of protein structures via peptide acidity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the protein native state is a Boltzmann conformational ensemble , practical applications often require a representative model from the most populated region of that distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acidity of the backbone amides , as reflected in hydrogen exchange rates , is exquisitely sensitive to the surrounding charge and dielectric volume distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For each of four proteins , three independently determined X - ray structures of differing crystallographic resolution were used to predict exchange for the static solvent - exposed amide hydrogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide hydrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average correlation coefficients range from 0 . 74 for ubiquitin to 0 . 93 for Pyrococcus furiosus rubredoxin , reflecting the larger range of experimental exchange rates exhibited by the latter protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exchange prediction errors modestly correlate with the crystallographic resolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MODELLER 9v6 - derived homology models at ~ 60 % sequence identity ( 36 % identity for chymotrypsin inhibitor CI2 ) yielded correlation coefficients that are ~ 0 . 1 smaller than for the cognate X - ray structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most recently deposited NOE - based ubiquitin structure and the original NMR structure of CI2 fail to provide statistically significant predictions of hydrogen exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the more recent RECOORD refinement study of CI2 yielded predictions comparable to the X - ray and homology model - based analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence and predictors of right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis of N0 papillary thyroid carcinoma located in the right lobe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) frequently metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes and , thus , guidelines edited by Japan Association of Endocrine Surgeons / Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery routinely recommend central node dissection even for patients with no clinically detectable node metastasis ( N0 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the central compartment , metastasis to the right paraesophageal node has not been intensively investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the incidence and predictors of right paraesophageal node metastasis based on pre - and intraoperative findings in 922 patients with N0 PTC in the right lobe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen percent of patients were microscopically positive for right paraesophageal node metastasis , and the incidence was smaller than that for pre - and right paratracheal node metastasis ( 46 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On multivariate analysis , a tumor size >= 2 cm and significant extrathyroid extension were independent predictors of metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopically pre - and right paratracheal node - positive PTC more often ( p < 0 . 0001 ) metastasized to the right paraesophageal node .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , in N0 PTC in the right lobe , right paraesophageal node dissection should be considered in tumors 2 cm or larger and / or with significant extrathyroid extension , or when pre - and right paratracheal node metastasis is suspected based on the intraoperative findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of ozone and fine particulate matter ( PM ( 2 . 5 ) ) on rat system inflammation and cardiac function .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to understand the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular system injuries induced by ambient PM ( 2 . 5 ) and / or ozone , a subacute toxicological animal experiment was designed with exposure twice a week for 3 continuous weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wistar rats were randomly categorized into 8 groups ( n = 6 ) : 1 control group , 3 groups exposed to fine particulate matters ( PM ( 2 . 5 ) ) alone at 3 doses ( 0 . 2 , 0 . 8 , or 3 . 2 mg / rat ) , 1 group to ozone ( 0 . 81 ppm ) alone and 3 groups to ozone plus PM ( 2 . 5 ) at 3 doses ( 0 . 2 , 0 . 8 , or 3 . 2 mg / rat ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 217]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart rate ( HR ) and electrocardiogram ( ECG ) was monitored at approximately 24 - h both after the 3rd exposure and the last ( 6th ) exposure , and systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was monitored at approximately 24 - h after the 6th exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomarkers of systemic inflammation and injuries ( CRP , IL - 6 , LDH , CK ) , heart oxidative stress ( MDA , SOD ) and endothelial function ( ET - 1 , VEGF ) were analyzed after the 6th exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , myocardial ultrastructural alterations were observed under transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) for histopathological analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that PM ( 2 . 5 ) alone exposure could trigger the significant increase of CRP , MDA , CK , ET - 1 and SBP and decrease of heart rate variability ( HRV ) , a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) function .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozone alone exposure in rats did not show significant alterations in any indicators .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozone plus PM ( 2 . 5 ) exposure , however , induced CRP , IL - 6 , CK , LDH and MDA increase , SOD and HRV decrease significantly in a dose - response way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , abnormal ECG types were monitored in rats exposed to PM ( 2 . 5 ) with and without ozone and obvious myocardial ultrastructural changes were observed by TEM .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , PM ( 2 . 5 ) alone exposure could cause inflammation , endothelial function and ANS injuries , and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM ( 2 . 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamics of silver nanoparticle formation and agglomeration inside the cavitation bubble after pulsed laser ablation in liquid .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of nanoparticles within the laser - induced cavitation bubble is studied in situ using small angle X - ray scattering with high spatiotemporal resolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directly after laser ablation , two different particle fractions consisting of compact primary particles of 8 - 10 nm size and agglomerates of 40 - 60 nm size are formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundance of these species is strongly influenced by the dynamics of the oscillating cavitation bubble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary particle mass is most abundant during maximal expansion of the first bubble and reappears a little weaker in the rebound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to this , the mass abundance of agglomerates is relatively low in the first bubble but strongly increases during first bubble collapse and following rebound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although most of the ablated material is trapped inside the bubble and follows its oscillation , a minor fraction of both species could be detected outside the cavitation bubble even before its final collapse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits of metastability in amorphous ices : 2H - NMR relaxation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high - frequency reorientation dynamics of O - ( 2 ) H bonds is investigated in various amorphous ices including eHDA ( expanded high density amorphous ice ) , LDA - II ( low density amorphous ice II ) and HGW ( hyperquenched glassy water ) using ( 2 ) H - NMR spin - lattice relaxation as a local probe .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - ( 2 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "( 2 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both low density forms , HGW and LDA - II , show similar spin - lattice relaxation but differ in the thermal stability with respect to the transition into crystalline cubic ice I ( c ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGW already transforms slightly above 135 K whereas LDA - II crystallizes at 150 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eHDA is distinguishable from other high density amorphous ices in its thermal stability and spin - lattice relaxation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its relaxation times are much larger compared to those of VHDA ( very high density amorphous ice ) and uHDA ( unrelaxed high density amorphous ice ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eHDA does not show annealing effects , transforms sharply into LDA - II above 123 K and provides higher thermal stability as compared to other high density forms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoporous silicon networks as anodes for lithium ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoporous silicon ( Si ) networks with controllable porosity and thickness are fabricated by a simple and scalable electrochemical process , and then released from Si wafers and transferred to flexible and conductive substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These nanoporous Si networks serve as high performance Li - ion battery electrodes , with an initial discharge capacity of 2570 mA h g ( - 1 ) , above 1000 mA h g ( - 1 ) after 200 cycles without any electrolyte additives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent progress in the development and use of organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant progress has been made recently in the development of Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals ( OIPCs ) , a unique family of solid state electrolytes with applications in electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries and dye - sensitised solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The negligible volatility of OIPCs renders them more suitable than molecular species for long - term device use , while the high thermal and electrochemical stability of many OIPCs fulfils an essential requirement for solid state electrolytes for many device applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the complex mechanisms of conduction through these materials , both in their pure state and in the presence of a small amount of a second component ( such as lithium salts to enable their use in lithium batteries ) are still not fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , the range of anions and cations utilised in the synthesis of plastic crystal phases continues to increase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This perspective concentrates on recent research into both fundamental and device - oriented aspects of these materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important fundamental understanding of the physical properties and transport mechanisms of different OIPCs has been achieved through use of techniques including variable temperature solid - state NMR and crystallographic analysis , as well as detailed molecular dynamics simulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parallel , the applicability of these materials as electrolytes for dye - sensitised solar cells and lithium batteries is being more widely demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possibility of using OIPCs as solid state electrolytes for fuel cells is also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus , but not dopaminergic medication , improves proactive inhibitory control of movement initiation in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slowness in movement initiation is a cardinal feature of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) that is still poorly understood and unsuccessfully alleviated by standard therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we raise this major clinical issue within the framework of a novel theoretical model that allows a better understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in movement initiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model assumes that movement triggering is inhibited by default to prevent automatic responses to unpredictable events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated to which extent the top - down control necessary to release this locking state before initiating actions is impaired in PD and restored by standard therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a cue - target reaction time task to test both the ability to initiate fast responses to targets and the ability to refrain from reacting to cues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen patients with dopaminergic ( DA ) medication and 11 with subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) stimulation were tested on and off treatment , and compared with 14 healthy controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found evidence that patients withdrawn from treatment have trouble voluntarily releasing proactive inhibitory control ; while DA medication broadly reduces movement initiation latency , it does not reinstate a normal pattern of movement initiation ; and stimulation of the STN specifically re - establishes the efficiency of the top - down control of proactive inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that movement initiation disorders that resist DA medication are due to executive , not motor , dysfunctions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This conclusion is discussed with regard to the role the STN may play as an interface between non - DA executive and DA motor systems in cortico - basal ganglia loops .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High physical fitness in young adulthood reduces the risk of fractures later in life in men : A nationwide cohort study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few studies have indicated that self - reported physical activity is associated with the risk of fractures in middle - aged and elderly men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated whether objectively measured physical fitness in young adulthood was associated with the risk of low - energy fractures later in life in men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aerobic capacity and isometric muscle strength were measured in 435 , 445 Swedish men who were conscripted for military service from 1969 to 1978 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incident fractures were searched in national registers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a median follow - up period of 35 years ( range , 11 - 41 years ) , 8030 subjects sustained at least one fracture , increasing the risk of death 1 . 8 times ( 95 % CI , 1 . 6 - 2 . 0 ) during follow up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When comparing men in the lowest and highest decile of physical fitness , the risk of a fracture was 1 . 8 times higher ( 95 % CI , 1 . 6 - 2 . 1 ) and that of hip fracture was 2 . 7 times higher ( 95 % CI , 1 . 6 - 4 . 7 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of fracture was also 1 . 4 to 1 . 5 times higher when comparing the extreme deciles of muscle strength ( p < 0 . 001 for all ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a subcohort of 1009 twin pairs , up to 22 % of the variation in physical fitness and 27 % to 39 % of the variation in muscle strength was attributable to environmental factors unique to one twin ; eg , physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , low aerobic capacity and muscle strength in young adulthood are associated with an increased risk of low - energy fractures later in life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(c) 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion pair dynamics : solvolyses of chiral 1 , 3 - diarylallyl carboxylates as a case study .", "entity": [{"entity": "chiral 1 , 3 - diarylallyl carboxylates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiral ion pairs play a key role in modern enantioselective synthesis , though little is known about their properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now used the special features of unsymmetrically substituted allyl derivatives to obtain unprecedented insight into ion pair dynamics .", "entity": [{"entity": "allyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By employing chiral high - performance liquid chromatography , it was possible to follow the time - dependent concentrations of all four isomeric esters ( two regioisomeric pairs of enantiomers ) and all four isomeric alcohols generated during the hydrolysis of enantiopure 1 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 3 - phenylallyl and 3 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 1 - phenylallyl 4 - nitrobenzoates .", "entity": [{"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 152]}, {"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 226]}, {"entity": "1 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 3 - phenylallyl and 3 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 1 - phenylallyl 4 - nitrobenzoates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 382]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of these results with the directly measured rate constant for the reaction of the laser - flash photolytically generated 1 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 3 - phenylallyl cation with water provided a complete mechanistic scheme for allyl carboxylate solvolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ( 4 - chlorophenyl ) - 3 - phenylallyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 175]}, {"entity": "allyl carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is demonstrated that solvolysis and internal return can be explained by the same intermediates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation equation log k = s ( N ) ( N + E ) was used to elucidate the variable importance of external and internal return in the solvolysis reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This information will be crucial for the interpretation of the ultrafast dynamics of ion pairs generated by femtosecond laser pulses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of ultrasound frequency and acoustic amplitude on the size of sonochemically active bubbles - Theoretical study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerical simulation of chemical reactions inside an isolated spherical bubble of oxygen has been performed for various ambient bubble radii at different frequencies and acoustic amplitudes to study the effects of these two parameters on the range of ambient radius for an active bubble in sonochemical reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The employed model combines the dynamic of bubble collapse with the chemical kinetics of single cavitation bubble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from this model were compared with some experimental results presented in the literature and good apparent trends between them were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The numerical calculations of this study showed that there always exists an optimal ambient bubble radius at which the production of oxidizing species at the end of the bubble collapse attained their upper limit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was shown that the range of ambient radius for an active bubble increased with increasing acoustic amplitude and decreased with increasing ultrasound frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal ambient radius decreased with increasing frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of curves showing optimal ambient radius versus acoustic amplitude for different ultrasonic frequencies indicated that for 200 and 300kHz , the optimal ambient radius increased linearly with increasing acoustic amplitude up to 3atm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , slight minima of optimal radius were observed for the curves obtained at 500 and 1000kHz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decolourization of direct blue 15 by Fenton / ultrasonic process using a zero - valent iron aggregate catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "direct blue 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "zero - valent iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decolourization of direct azo dye , direct blue 15 ( DB15 ) , by an advanced Fenton process coupled with ultrasonic irradiation ( Fenton / US ) was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "azo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "direct blue 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "DB15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zero - valent iron ( ZVI ) aggregates were used as the catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zero - valent iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "ZVI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A positive synergistic effect occurred when Fenton ' s reagent was combined with ultrasonic irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fenton ' s reagent", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for decolourization were pH 3 . 0 , Fe ( 0 ) 1g / L , H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) 5 . 15 x 10 ( - 3 ) mol / L with ultrasound density of 120W / L at 60kHz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( 0 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These conditions yielded 99 % decolouration of 4 . 7 x 10 ( - 5 ) M DB15 ( 4130 ADMI ) solution within 10min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DB15 decolouration follows the first - order decolouration kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "DB15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the solutions containing H ( 2 ) CO ( 3 ) , Cl ( - ) , ClO ( 4 ) ( - ) , NO ( 3 ) ( - ) and SO ( 4 ) ( 2 - ) ions did not have a significant effect on the decolouration , the H ( 2 ) PO ( 4 ) ( - ) ion did decrease the decolouration rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) CO ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "Cl ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "ClO ( 4 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "NO ( 3 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "SO ( 4 ) ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) PO ( 4 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High ultrasonic input power accelerated the reaction and increased decolourization efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cost effectiveness of this process at high ultrasound density could be controlled despite the high electricity costs incurred by the process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZVI aggregates were reusable ; however , an increase in the number of times ZVI was recycled decreased the decolourization rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZVI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ZVI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that a Fenton / US process can effectively decolour the direct azo dye DB15 in wastewater .", "entity": [{"entity": "azo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "DB15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of bidentate coordination on the molecular properties rapta - C based complex using theoretical approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapta - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work several quantum properties including the NEDA and QTAIM are computed on three models of rapta - C complexes using DFT with hybrid functional and basis set with ECP and without ECP .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapta - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several interesting correlations within the observed properties and also with the reported experimental behaviors of these complexes including their biological activities are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study shows that the stability of the two complexes with bidentate ligands is associated with their high hydrogen bonding stability and existence of stronger non - covalent metal - ligand bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energy decomposition analysis indicated that inter - atomic interactions in the three forms of rapta - C complexes and their stability are governed by the charge transfer term with significant contributions from polarization and electrostatic terms .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapta - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher stability of complex 1 and 2 over 3 comes from the lower exchange repulsion and higher polarization contributions to their stability which agrees perfectly with the experimental observation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide insight into the nature of intramolecular forces that influence the structural stability of the three complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide mapping of human DNA - replication origins : levels of transcription at ORC1 sites regulate origin selection and replication timing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the genome - wide mapping of ORC1 binding sites in mammals , by chromatin immunoprecipitation and parallel sequencing ( ChIP - seq ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORC1 binding sites in HeLa cells were validated as active DNA replication origins ( ORIs ) using Repli - seq , a method that allows identification of ORI - containing regions by parallel sequencing of temporally ordered replicating DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORC1 sites were universally associated with transcription start sites ( TSSs ) of coding or noncoding RNAs ( ncRNAs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription levels at the ORC1 sites directly correlated with replication timing , suggesting the existence of two classes of ORIs : those associated with moderate / high transcription levels ( >= 1 RNA copy / cell ) , firing in early S and mapping to the TSSs of coding RNAs ; and those associated with low transcription levels ( < 1 RNA copy / cell ) , firing throughout the entire S and mapping to TSSs of ncRNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are compatible with a scenario whereby TSS expression levels influence the efficiency of ORC1 recruitment at G ( 1 ) and the probability of firing during S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highlights on contemporary recognition and sensing of fluoride anion in solution and in the solid state .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluoride anion has recently gained well deserved attention among the scientific community for its importance in many fields of human activities , but also for concerns on its effect on health and the environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although surprisingly overlooked in systematic studies in the past , fluoride has nowadays become a topical target in the field of anion recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multitude of scientific reports are published every year where the establishment of efficient and specific interaction with fluoride is sought in polar and aqueous media .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the emphasis is directed to a detailed description of the most interesting contemporary studies in the field , with a particular focus given to those published in the last few years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S3 and antiapoptotic TRAF2 protein mediates radioresistance in non - small cell lung cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioresistance is considered as a main factor restricting efficacy of radiotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the exact molecular mechanism of radioresistance has not been explained yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , to elucidate radioresistance mechanism in lung cancer , we compared radiation responses in two types of non - small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) cells with different radiosensitivity and identified key molecules conferring radioresistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In radioresistant NSCLC cells , ionizing radiation ( IR ) led to casein kinase 2 alpha ( CK2 alpha ) - and PKC - mediated phosphorylation of rpS3 and TRAF2 , respectively , which induced dissociation of rpS3 - TRAF2 complex and NF - kappa B activation , resulting in significant up - regulation of prosurvival genes ( cIAP1 , cIAP2 , and survivin ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , dissociated phospho - rpS3 translocated into nucleus and bound with NF - kappa B complex ( p65 and p50 ) , contributing to p65 DNA binding property and specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in radiosensitive NSCLC cells , IR - mediated rpS3 phosphorylation was not detected due to the absence of CK2 alpha overexpression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , IR - induced rpS3 - TRAF2 complex dissociation , NF - kappa B activation , and prosurvival gene expression were not presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our findings revealed a novel radioresistance mechanism through functional orchestration of rpS3 , TRAF2 , and NF - kappa B in NSCLC cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we provided the first evidence for the function of rpS3 as a new TRAF2 - binding protein and demonstrated that phosphorylation of both rpS3 and TRAF2 is a key control point of radioresistance in NSCLC cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that regulation of rpS3 and TRAF2 in combination with radiotherapy could have high pharmacological therapeutic potency for radioresistance of NSCLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical studies on muti - hydroxyimides as highly efficient catalysts for aerobic oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyimides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N , N - dihydroxypyromellitimide ( NDHPI ) and N , N ' , N ' ' - trihydroxyisocyanuric acid ( THICA ) have been recently demonstrated to act as better carbon - radical - producing catalysts than the popular N - hydroxyphthalimide ( NHPI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - dihydroxypyromellitimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "NDHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "N , N ' , N ' ' - trihydroxyisocyanuric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 91]}, {"entity": "THICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "N - hydroxyphthalimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 229]}, {"entity": "NHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain a mature understanding of these particular catalysts , herein their geometrical , electronic , and thermochemical properties , as well as their catalytic activities , have been systemically investigated by a theoretical analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that THICA , unlike NDHPI and NHPI , is unsuitable for solvent - free catalysis or catalysis in aprotic solvents due to its favorable coexistent planar conformer .", "entity": [{"entity": "THICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "NDHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "NHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the more remarkable catalytic efficiencies of NDHPI and THICA compared to NHPI can be ascribed to the lower barriers and the endothermicity in the H - abstraction processes by their radicals , especially by their multi - radicals which show stronger electron - withdrawing effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "THICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "NHPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the generation of THICA radicals would be much feasible at high temperature without co - catalysts .", "entity": [{"entity": "THICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides a new perspective towards the rational design of reactive hydroxyimide organocatalysts for industrial applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel adipose - specific gene deletion model demonstrates potential pitfalls of existing methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adipose - specific gene deletion in mice is crucial in determining gene function in adipocyte homeostasis and the development of obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We noted 100 % mortality when the Hdac3 gene was conditionally deleted using Fabp4 - Cre mice , the most commonly used model of adipose - targeted Cre recombinase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this surprising result was not reproduced using other models of adipose targeting of Cre , including a novel Retn - Cre mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings underscore the need for caution when interpreting data obtained using Fabp4 - Cre mice and should encourage the use of additional or alternative adipose - targeting Cre mouse models before drawing conclusions about in vivo adipocyte - specific functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - dose resveratrol supplementation in obese men : an investigator - initiated , randomized , placebo - controlled clinical trial of substrate metabolism , insulin sensitivity , and body composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obesity , diabetes , hypertension , and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on animal and in vitro studies , resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 ( SIRT1 ) , but data in human subjects are scarce .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high - dose resveratrol in obese human subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a randomized , placebo - controlled , double - blinded , and parallel - group design , 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity ( hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp ) were performed before and after the treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin sensitivity , the primary outcome measure , deteriorated insignificantly in both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure ; resting energy expenditure ; oxidation rates of lipid ; ectopic or visceral fat content ; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Islet alpha - , beta - , and delta - cell development is controlled by the Ldb1 coregulator , acting primarily with the islet - 1 transcription factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ldb1 and Ldb2 are coregulators that mediate Lin11 - Isl1 - Mec3 ( LIM ) - homeodomain ( HD ) and LIM - only transcription factor - driven gene regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although both Ldb1 and Ldb2 mRNA were produced in the developing and adult pancreas , immunohistochemical analysis illustrated a broad Ldb1 protein expression pattern during early pancreatogenesis , which subsequently became enriched in islet and ductal cells perinatally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The islet - enriched pattern of Ldb1 was similar to pan - endocrine cell - expressed Islet - 1 ( Isl1 ) , which was demonstrated in this study to be the primary LIM - HD transcription factor in developing and adult islet cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrine cell - specific removal of Ldb1 during mouse development resulted in a severe reduction of hormone + cell numbers ( i . e . , alpha , beta , and delta ) and overt postnatal hyperglycemia , reminiscent of the phenotype described for the Isl1 conditional mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , neither endocrine cell development nor function was affected in the pancreas of Ldb2 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) analyses demonstrated that many important Isl1 - activated genes were coregulated by Ldb1 , including MafA , Arx , insulin , and Glp1r .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , some genes ( i . e . , Hb9 and Glut2 ) only appeared to be impacted by Ldb1 during development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings establish Ldb1 as a critical transcriptional coregulator during islet alpha - , beta - , and delta - cell development through Isl1 - dependent and potentially Isl1 - independent control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperglycemia slows embryonic growth and suppresses cell cycle via cyclin D1 and p21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pregnant women , the diabetic condition results in a three - to fivefold increased risk for fetal cardiac malformations as a result of elevated glucose concentrations and the resultant osmotic stress in the developing embryo and fetus .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart development before septation in the chick embryo was studied under two hyperglycemic conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulsed hyperglycemia induced by daily administration of glucose during 3 days of development caused daily spikes in plasma glucose concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second model , sustained hyperglycemia was induced with a single injection of glucose into the yolk on day 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sustained model raised the average plasma glucose concentration from 70 mg / dL to 180 mg / dL and led to decreased gene expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both models of hyperglycemia reduced embryo size , increased mortality , and delayed development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the heart outflow tract , reduced proliferation of myocardial and endocardial cells resulted from the sustained hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell cycle inhibitor p21 was significantly increased , whereas cyclin D1 , a cell cycle promoter , decreased in sustained hyperglycemia compared with controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evidence suggests that hyperglycemia - induced developmental delays are associated with slowed cell cycle progression , leading to reduced cellular proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The suppression of critical developmental steps may underlie the cardiac defects observed during late gestation under hyperglycemic conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H2DB : a heritability database across multiple species by annotating trait - associated genomic loci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H2DB ( http : / / tga . nig . ac . jp / h2db / ) , an annotation database of genetic heritability estimates for humans and other species , has been developed as a knowledge database to connect trait - associated genomic loci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heritability estimates have been investigated for individual species , particularly in human twin studies and plant / animal breeding studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there appears to be no comprehensive heritability database for both humans and other species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we introduce an annotation database for genetic heritabilities of various species that was annotated by manually curating online public resources in PUBMED abstracts and journal contents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed heritability database contains attribute information for trait descriptions , experimental conditions , trait - associated genomic loci and broad - and narrow - sense heritability specifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annotated trait - associated genomic loci , for which most are single - nucleotide polymorphisms derived from genome - wide association studies , may be valuable resources for experimental scientists .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we assigned phenotype ontologies to the annotated traits for the purposes of discussing heritability distributions based on phenotypic classifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTMcode : a database of known and predicted functional associations between post - translational modifications in proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - translational modifications ( PTMs ) are involved in the regulation and structural stabilization of eukaryotic proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of individual PTM states is a key to modulate cellular functions as became evident in a few well - studied proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This combinatorial setting , dubbed the PTM code , has been proposed to be extended to whole proteomes in eukaryotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although we are still far from deciphering such a complex language , thousands of protein PTM sites are being mapped by high - throughput technologies , thus providing sufficient data for comparative analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTMcode ( http : / / ptmcode . embl . de ) aims to compile known and predicted PTM associations to provide a framework that would enable hypothesis - driven experimental or computational analysis of various scales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In its first release , PTMcode provides PTM functional associations of 13 different PTM types within proteins in 8 eukaryotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are based on five evidence channels : a literature survey , residue co - evolution , structural proximity , PTMs at the same residue and location within PTM highly enriched protein regions ( hotspots ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTMcode is presented as a protein - based searchable database with an interactive web interface providing the context of the co - regulation of nearly 75 000 residues in > 10 000 proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemopreventive effect of beta - cryptoxanthin from mandarin on human stomach cells ( BGC - 823 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Cryptoxanthin , a provitaminic carotenoid , present in many fruits and vegetables , has been associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases , including cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of beta - cryptoxanthin derived from mandarin on the proliferation of the stomach tumor cell line BGC - 823 was tested using MTT and cell count assay at 72 h and dose - response ( from 0 . 01 to 20 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 37]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Cryptoxanthin suppressed the cell migration by the scratch assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , beta - cryptoxanthin induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 / G0 phase of the cell cycle ( as detected by flow cytometry ) , which was in accordance with an increased expression of p21 and down regulations of cyclin D1 and cyclin E , detected by Western blot analysis , and beta - cryptoxanthin increased the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta ( RAR beta ) with the treatment at 10 mu M for 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 34]}, {"entity": "beta - cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 312]}, {"entity": "retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [342, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , the above findings suggest that beta - cryptoxanthin could be therapeutic in the treatment of stomach cancer cell in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cryptoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edible and non - edible olive oils discrimination by the application of a sensory olfactory system based on tin dioxide sensors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tin dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An array of semiconductor sensors has been developed to discriminate virgin olive oil samples based on their organoleptic characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multisensor , developed at laboratory , is composed by 14 sensing elements of tin dioxide thin layers ( doped with Cr and In , and undoped ) deposited by the reactive sputtering technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "tin dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "In", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensors are stable and show good repeatability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Off - flavors and extra - virgin olive oil samples , taken at the outlet of the vertical centrifuge of a small experimental olive oil mill and sensory evaluated , have been used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A good discrimination of edible ( extra - virgin and virgin ) from non - edible ( lampante ) olive oils has been obtained through the statistical method of principal component analysis ( PCA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp of different cultivars cultivated in Southern China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp of 13 varieties were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free , bound and total phenolic contents were 66 . 17 - 226 . 03 , 11 . 18 - 40 . 54 , and 101 . 51 - 259 . 18 mg of gallic acid equivalents / 100 g , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free , bound and total flavonoid contents were 16 . 68 - 110 . 33 , 10 . 48 - 22 . 75 , and 39 . 43 - 129 . 86 mg of catechin equivalents / 100 g , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free phenolics and flavonoids contributed averagely 80 . 1 % and 75 % to their total contents , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six individual phenolics ( gallic acid , chlorogenic acid , ( + ) - catechin , caffeic acid , ( - ) - epicatechin , and rutin ) were detected in litchi pulp by HPLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "( + ) - catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "( - ) - epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contents of each compound in free and bound fractions were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant varietal discrepancy in antioxidant activity was also found by FRAP and DPPH scavenging capacity methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , phenolics and flavonoids exist mainly in the free form in litchi pulp .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were significant varietal differences in phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide on CT26 tumor - bearing mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ganoderma atrum has attracted great attention for its antitumor activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A G . atrum polysaccharide ( PSG - 1 ) showed pronounced antitumor activity in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PSG - 1 did not kill CT26 cells directly , but inhibited the proliferation of CT26 cells via the activation of peritoneal macrophages ( M Phi ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , PSG - 1 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in CT26 tumor - bearing mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment caused a significant increase in the immune organ index and the phagocytosis of macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of TNF - alpha , IL - 1 beta and nitric oxide also increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found that PSG - 1 acted on Toll - like receptor ( TLR ) 4 , signaled through p38 MAPK pathway , then activated NF - kappa B and stimulated TNF - alpha production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further found that PSG - 1 increased the expression of TLR4 and NF - kappa B , the degradation of I kappa B alpha and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , we have demonstrated that PSG - 1 could activate macrophages via TLR4 - dependent signaling pathways , improve immunity and inhibit tumor growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of hydroxychavicol and its dimers , the lipase inhibitors contained in the Indonesian spice , Eugenia polyantha .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychavicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of pancreatic lipase is effective for a prevention of obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eugenia polyantha is a tropical tree whose leaves are known as a spice and also as an ingredient for Jamu , the traditional medicine of Indonesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase in the extract of E . polyantha leaves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification of the active principals resulted in isolation of hydroxychavicol , and two structurally new dimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychavicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the isolated compounds showed inhibitory activity against the porcine pancreatic lipase and high content of hydroxychavicol ( 1 . 83 wt . % ) indicated this compound to be responsible for the majority of inhibitory activity of E . polyantha extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychavicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , hydroxychavicol is reported to possess anti - carcinogenic , anti - oxidant , anti - microbial and anti - inflammatory activity which is related to traditional usage of this plant .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychavicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results offer this plant as an attractive material for treating various health problems including obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contents of dietary fibre components and their relation to associated bioactive components in whole grain wheat samples from the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large and diverse material collection of whole grain wheat samples ( n = 129 ) was analysed for total dietary fibre ( TDF ) content and composition , including fructan ( 11 . 5 - 15 . 5 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlations between the dietary fibre components , associated bioactive components ( e . g . tocols , sterols , phenolic acids and folates ) and agronomic properties previously determined on the same samples were found with multivariate analysis ( PCA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tocols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "folates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples from the same countries had similar characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first PC described variation in components concentrated in the starchy endosperm ( e . g . starch , beta - glucan and fructan ) and the dietary fibre components concentrated in the bran ( e . g . TDF , arabinoxylan and cellulose ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second PC described the variation in kernel weight and other bran components such as alkylresorcinols , tocols and sterols .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylresorcinols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "tocols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , there was no correlation among these different groups of bran components , which reflected their concentration in different bran tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results are of importance for plant breeders who wish to develop varieties with health - promoting effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muscle composition slightly affects in vitro digestion of aged and cooked meat : identification of associated proteomic markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meat is an appropriate source of proteins and minerals for human nutrition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Technological treatments modify the physical - chemical properties of proteins , making them liable to decrease the nutritional potential of meat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To counteract this damage , antioxidants and chaperone proteins in muscle cells can prevent oxidation , restore the function of denatured proteins , and thus prevent aggregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to explore the impact of indoor vs outdoor - reared meat protein composition on digestion and to associate protein markers to in vitro digestion parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indoor - reared meat tended to show less oxidation and denaturation than outdoor - reared meat and was characterised by an overexpression of contractile and chaperone proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outdoor - reared meat showed amplification of antioxidant and detoxification metabolism defending against oxidised compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impacts on digestion remained minor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several protein markers of in vitro digestion parameters were found for aged and cooked meat , linked to the detoxification process and to muscle contraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of herb authenticity by low - field NMR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The safe use of herbal medicines requires prior authentication of the raw materials used to make them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an important step , since the ingestion of herbal preparations or extracts can cause serious health problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the different analytical techniques , nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy has the advantage of being non - invasive and therefore suitable for the characterization of natural products such as medicinal plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work presents a characterisation study of the samples of the popular plant Maytenus ilicifolia , obtained from different commercial producers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This plant is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders , as it possesses antitumorigenic , analgesic , anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences in the chemical structure and molecular organisation detected by thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) , infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( NMR ) were also investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry , in particular by fast field cycling ( FFC ) relaxometry , and relaxometry in the rotating frame .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All results confirmed the similarity between the control sample and only one of the plant investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences detected between the samples could be related to their non - authenticity , due to the non recognise the plant due to the leaves similarity among plants from the same family and / or contamination , due to addition of similar other plants parts to the commercial ones , as they are mixed together this difficulties the acceptation of the plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monitoring of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in food samples using lectin based surface plasmon resonance biosensor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) biosensor using lectin as bioreceptor was developed for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) O157 : H7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective interaction of lectins with carbohydrate components from bacterial cells surface was used as the recognition principle for the detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five types of lectins from Triticum vulgaris , Canavailia ensiformis , Ulex europaeus , Arachis hypogaea , and Maackia amurensis , were employed to evaluate the selectivity of the approach for binding E . coli O157 : H7 effectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detection limit of 3 x 10 ( 3 ) cfu mL ( - 1 ) was obtained for determination of E . coli O157 : H7 when used the lectin from T . vulgaris as the binding molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the proposed biosensor was used to detect E . coli O157 : H7 in real food samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that the lectin based SPR biosensor was sensitive , reliable and effective for detection of E . coli O157 : H7 , which hold a great promise in food safety analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of six penicillin and three amphenicol antibiotics in gilthead seabream ( Sparus Aurata ) tissue according to the European Union Decision 2002 / 657 / EC .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "amphenicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A confirmatory high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of six penicillin antibiotics and three amphenicol antibiotics in gilthead seabream ( Sparus Aurata ) tissue was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "amphenicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ampicillin ( AMP ) , penicillin G ( PG ) , penicillin V ( PV ) , oxacillin ( OXA ) , cloxacillin ( CLO ) , dicloxacillin ( DICLO ) , thiamphenicol ( TAP ) , florfenicol ( FFC ) and chloramphenicol ( CAP ) were separated on an Inertsil , C ( 8 ) ( 250 x 4 mm , 5 mu m ) column by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate 0 . 05 M and acetonitrile at 25 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ampicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "penicillin G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "penicillin V", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "oxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "OXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "cloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "CLO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "dicloxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "DICLO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "thiamphenicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "TAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "florfenicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "FFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "chloramphenicol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 196]}, {"entity": "CAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "ammonium acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [330, 346]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 372]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diode array detection with monitoring at 225 nm ( for the determination of AMP , PG , PV , TAP and FFC ) , 240 nm ( for OXA , CLO and DICLO ) and 278 nm ( for CAP ) was applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "TAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "FFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "OXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "CLO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "DICLO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "CAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examined antibiotics were isolated from gilthead seabream tissue by liquid - liquid extraction and further clean - up was performed by solid phase extraction using Oasis HLB ( 200 mg / 6 mL ) cartridges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolite profiling of ginsenoside Re in rat urine and faeces after oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenoside Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following oral administration of ginsenoside Re , the compound and its metabolites were identified and quantified in rat urine and faeces by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry ( LC - MS / MS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenoside Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginsenoside Re ( 200 mg / kg ) was orally administered to rats by gastric intubation , and urine and faeces samples were then collected during the next 24 h using metabolic cages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ginsenoside Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples were prepared by solid phase extraction and analysed by LC - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precursor - product ion pairs used for LC - MS / MS analysis were : m / z 945 --> 475 for ginsenoside Re , 799 --> 637 for ginsenoside Rg1 , 783 --> 475 for ginsenoside Rg2 , 637 --> 475 for ginsenosides Rh1 and F1 , 475 --> 391 for protopanaxatriol , and 779 --> 641 for digoxin ( internal standard ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenoside Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "ginsenoside Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "ginsenoside Rg2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "ginsenosides Rh1 and F1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 218]}, {"entity": "protopanaxatriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 253]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major ginsenosides excreted in urine were ginsenosides Re and Rg1 , and only minimal amounts of ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 were found .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "ginsenosides Re and Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 69]}, {"entity": "ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater amounts of ginsenoside metabolites were detected in the faeces samples ; biotransformation to ginsenoside Rg1 was predominant but further deglycosylated metabolites including ginsenoside F1 and protopanaxatriol were additionally detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "ginsenoside Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "ginsenoside F1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "protopanaxatriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total recovery of ginsenosides over 24 h was approximately 46 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization and identification of the chemical constituents from tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn ) by high performance liquid chromatography / photodiode array detector / linear ion trap FTICR hybrid mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years tartary buckwheat has become popular healthful food due to its antioxidant , antidiabetic and antitumor activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its chemical constituents have not yet been fully characterized and identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , a novel high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and linear ion trap FTICR hybrid mass spectrometry ( HPLC - PDA / LTQ - FTICRMS ) method was established to characterize and identify a total of 36 compounds by a single run .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The retention time , maximum UV absorption wavelength , accurate mass weight and characteristic fragment ions were collected on line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To confirm the structures , 11 compounds were isolated and identified by MS and NMR experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 3 , 6 , 6 ' - tetra - feruloyl sucrose named taroside was a new phenlypropanoid glycoside , together with 3 , 6 - di - p - coumaroyl - 1 , 6 ' - di - feruloyl sucrose , 1 , 6 , 6 ' - tri - feruloyl - 3 - p - coumaroyl sucrose , N - trans - feruloyltyramine and quercetin - 3 - O - [ beta - D - xyloxyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - alpha - L - rhamnoside ] were isolated for the first time from the Fagopyrum species .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 6 , 6 ' - tetra - feruloyl sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 42]}, {"entity": "phenlypropanoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 93]}, {"entity": "3 , 6 - di - p - coumaroyl - 1 , 6 ' - di - feruloyl sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 170]}, {"entity": "1 , 6 , 6 ' - tri - feruloyl - 3 - p - coumaroyl sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 229]}, {"entity": "N - trans - feruloyltyramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 260]}, {"entity": "quercetin - 3 - O - [ beta - D - xyloxyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - alpha - L - rhamnoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 346]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The research enriched the chemical information of tartary buckwheat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and thermal stability of purple - fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins in aqueous solutions with various pH values and fruit juices .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen anthocyanins were identified in the purple - fleshed sweet potato cultivar Jihei No . 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main anthocyanins were 3 - sophoroside - 5 - glucoside derivatives from cyanidin and peonidin , acylated with p - hydroxybenzoic acid , ferulic acid , or caffeic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "3 - sophoroside - 5 - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 58]}, {"entity": "cyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "peonidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "p - hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 137]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 152]}, {"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unique anthocyanin , delphinidin - 3 , 5 - diglucoside was also found .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "delphinidin - 3 , 5 - diglucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermal stability of purple - fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins ( PSPAs ) followed a first - order kinetics model .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aqueous solutions with various pH ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 ) and fruit juices ( apple , pear , grapefruit , orange , tangerine , kiwifruit , and lemon ) were coloured with PSPAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enrichment and degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in these matrices were investigated at 80 , 90 , and 100 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A higher stability of anthocyanins was obtained in aqueous solutions with pH 3 and 4 and in apple and pear juices .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the activation energies for PSPA degradation in aqueous solutions with various pH and fruit juices ranged from 66 . 56 kJ / mol to 111 . 57 kJ / mol and 46 . 76 kJ / mol to 75 . 68 kJ / mol , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid analysis of sugars in honey by processing Raman spectrum using chemometric methods and artificial neural networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to quantify glucose , fructose , sucrose and maltose contents of honey samples using Raman spectroscopy as a rapid method .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "maltose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By performing a single measurement , quantifications of sugar contents have been said to be unaffordable according to the molecular similarities between sugar molecules in honey matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This bottleneck was overcome by coupling Raman spectroscopy with chemometric methods ( principal component analysis ( PCA ) and partial least squares ( PLS ) ) and an artificial neural network ( ANN ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model solutions of four sugars were processed with PCA and significant separation was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This operation , done with the spectral features by using PLS and ANN methods , led to the discriminant analysis of sugar contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models / trained networks were created using a calibration data set and evaluated using a validation data set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation coefficient values between actual and predicted values of glucose , fructose , sucrose and maltose were determined as 0 . 964 , 0 . 965 , 0 . 968 and 0 . 949 for PLS and 0 . 965 , 0 . 965 , 0 . 978 and 0 . 956 for ANN , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "maltose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The requirement of rapid analysis of sugar contents of commercial honeys has been met by the data processed within this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural analysis of linear mixed - linkage glucooligosaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dextrans and glucooligosaccharides ( GLOS ) are produced by lactic acid bacteria ( LAB ) during sourdough fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dextrans can act as hydrocolloids in sourdough bread , while the GLOS may have antistaling and prebiotic properties , depending on their structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of high - throughput methods for screening the structural properties of dextrans and GLOS produced by different LAB in varying fermentation conditions is therefore of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we explored the possibility of using electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectroscopy ( ESI - MS / MS ) to unequivocally determine the structures of underivatised GLOS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emphasis was on linear mixed linked model GLOS , especially those containing ( 1 --> 3 ) linkages that are common in dextrans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After evaluation of the model GLOS , the ESI - MS / MS method was used to determine the linkage positions of two mixed - linked tetrasaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of Weissella confusa and Leuconostoc citreum dextrans .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrasaccharides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In positive mode , only the reducing end linkage could be determined because isomeric fragment ions , present in subsequent MS ( n ) cycles , hindered assignment of the remaining linkages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , it was possible to unambiguously assign all the linkages in each GLOS using the negative mode spectra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study thus shows that negative mode is the preferred method for ESI - MS / MS structural analysis of underivatised GLOS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination with liquid chromatography this method will enable rapid profiling of the structural variation of dextrans and prebiotic GLOS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables irrigated with waste water and their daily intake to adults and children , District Mardan , Pakistan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green vegetable crops irrigated with wastewater are highly contaminated with heavy metals and are the main source of human exposure to the contaminants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study accumulation of eight heavy metals ( Cu , Ni , Zn , Cr , Fe , Mn , Co and Pb ) in green vegetables like Allium cepa , Allium sativum , Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena , irrigated with wastewater in Mardan are studied using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studied metals in vegetable grown on wastewater irrigated soil were significantly higher than those of tube well water irrigated soil and WHO / FAO permissible limits ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most heavily contaminated vegetable was wastewater irrigated A . cepa , where the accumulation of Mn ( 28 . 05 mg kg ( - 1 ) ) in the edible parts was 50 - fold greater than A . cepa irrigated with tube well water irrigated soil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may be concluded that both adults and children consuming these vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated soil ingest significant amount of these metals and thus can cause serious health problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal component analysis of proteolytic profiles as markers of authenticity of PDO cheeses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The casein fraction of 13 Portuguese PDO cheeses were analysed using Urea - PAGE and reverse phase - high performance liquid chromatography ( RP - HPLC ) and then subjected to chemometric evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemometric techniques of cluster analysis ( CA ) and principal component analysis ( PCA ) were used for the classification studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide mapping using Urea - PAGE followed by CA revealed two major clusters according to the similarity of the proteolytic profile of the cheeses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCA results were in accordance with the grouping performed using CA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA of RP - HPLC results of the matured cheeses revealed the presence of one major cluster comprising samples manufactured with only ovine milk or milk admixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the results of CA technique were compared with the two PCA approaches performed , it was found that the grouping of the samples was similar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both approaches , revealed the potential of proteolytic profiles ( which is an essential aspect of cheese maturation ) as markers of authenticity of PDO cheeses in terms of ripening time and milk admixtures not mentioned on the label .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isotopic analysis of eggs : evaluating sample collection and preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egg traceability / authenticity is a worldwide concern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable isotope techniques have been suggested as a tool to address this issue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further validate the use of these techniques , a research project was undertaken to evaluate what effect sample collection and preparation have on the measured isotopic composition of egg components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The timing of egg collection , the timing of egg preparation after collection , and the use of pasteurisation were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C , N , O , and S isotopic compositions of egg components from 7 different production systems were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two sets of eggs were collected ( 4 months apart ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the ' isotopic fingerprint ' of a particular production system was maintained over time , and that it may be possible to trace liquid egg products based on isotopic data from fresh eggs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings from this study support the integration of stable isotope techniques in egg traceability / authenticity systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of Near - Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ( NIRS ) to detect melamine adulteration of soya bean meal .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soya bean products are used widely in the animal feed industry as a protein based feed ingredient and have been found to be adulterated with melamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was highlighted in the Chinese scandal of 2008 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dehulled soya ( GM and non - GM ) , soya hulls and toasted soya were contaminated with melamine and spectra were generated using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ( NIRS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying chemometrics to the spectral data , excellent calibration models and prediction statistics were obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coefficients of determination ( R ( 2 ) ) were found to be 0 . 89 - 0 . 99 depending on the mathematical algorithm used , the data pre - processing applied and the sample type used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding values for the root mean square error of calibration and prediction were found to be 0 . 081 - 0 . 276 % and 0 . 134 - 0 . 368 % , respectively , again depending on the chemometric treatment applied to the data and sample type .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , adopting a qualitative approach with the spectral data and applying PCA , it was possible to discriminate between the four samples types and also , by generation of Cooman ' s plots , possible to distinguish between adulterated and non - adulterated samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial honey using liquid chromatography - ion trap mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolizidine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids ( PAs ) are known secondary plant metabolites which can cause hepatotoxicity in both humans and livestock .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAs can be consumed through the use of plants for food , medicinal purposes and as contaminants of agricultural crops and food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PA contaminated grain has posed the largest health risk , although any PA contamination in our food chain should be recognised as a potential health threat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , retail honeys were tested by LC - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method allows for specific identification of toxic retronecine and otonecine - type PAs by comparison to reference compounds via a spectral library .", "entity": [{"entity": "retronecine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "otonecine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 50 honey samples were matched to the reference spectra within a set of tolerance parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accurate data analysis and quick detection of positive samples was possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive samples contained an average PA concentration of 1260 mu g kg ( - 1 ) of honey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good linear calibrations were obtained ( R ( 2 ) > 0 . 991 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LOD and LOQ ranged from 0 . 0134 to 0 . 0305 and 0 . 0446 to 0 . 1018 mu g mL ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrine disruptor activity in bottled mineral and flavoured water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A panel of reporter gene assays ( RGAs ) coupled with a single solid phase extraction ( SPE ) step was developed and used to screen bottled mineral water for the presence of four classes of endocrine disruptors ( EDs ) , oestrogens , androgens , progestagens and glucocorticoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 231]}, {"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 243]}, {"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen brands of bottled mineral water in triplicate ( 42 samples ) were analysed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , hormonal activity was found in 78 % of the samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oestrogenic , androgenic , progestagenic and glucocorticoid activity was found in 38 % , 38 % , 36 % and 55 % of the samples , respectively at an average concentration of 10 ng / l 17 beta - estradiol equivalent ( EEQ ) , 26 ng / l testosterone equivalent ( TEQ ) , 123 ng / l progesterone equivalent ( PEQ ) and 13 . 5 ng / l hydrocortisone equivalent ( HEQ ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 200]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 244]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 289]}, {"entity": "hydrocortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of oestrogenic , androgenic and progestagenic activity observed is not considered a matter of concern for the consumers ' health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is unknown whether the glucocorticoid levels observed are safe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ED source , long term exposure and mixture effects remain to be investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of consumer perception and acceptability for steaks cooked to different endpoints : validation of photographic approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photographs have been used to enhance consumer reporting of preference of meat doneness , however , the use of photographs has not been validated for this purpose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study used standard cooking methods to produce steaks of five different degrees of doneness ( rare medium , medium well , well done and very well done ) to study the consumer ' s perception of doneness , from both the external and internal surface of the cooked steak and also from corresponding photographs of each sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consumers evaluated each surface of the cooked steaks in relation to doneness for acceptability , ' just about right ' and perception of doneness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were analysed using a split plot ANOVA and least significant test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perception scores ( for both external and internal surfaces ) between different presentation methods ( steak samples and corresponding photos ) , were not significantly different ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result indicates that photographs can be used as a valid approach for assessing preference for meat doneness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chrysin suppresses renal carcinogenesis via amelioration of hyperproliferation , oxidative stress and inflammation : plausible role of NF - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoid family is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds and hence possess strong antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of chrysin ; a bio - active flavonoid as an anticancer agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal cancer was initiated by single intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) injection of N - nitrosodiethylamine ( DEN 200 mg / kg BW body weight ) and promoted by twice weekly administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate ( Fe - NTA ) 9 mg Fe / kg BW for 16 wk .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - nitrosodiethylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 101]}, {"entity": "DEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "ferric nitrilotriacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 208]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report the chemopreventive effects of chrysin against ( Fe - NTA ) induced renal oxidative stress , inflammation , hyperproliferative response , and two - stage renal carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To ascertain the molecular mechanism implicated in the antitumor promoting activity of chrysin , its effect was investigated on markers of tumor promotion and inflammation : ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ) activity , proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and cyclo - oxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) expression , and on levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) ( PGE ( 2 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 285]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [479, 500]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [503, 512]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of animals with chrysin at both doses ( 20 and 40 mg / kg body weight ) markedly inhibited all .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , Fe - NTA enhances renal lipid peroxidation , with concomitant reduction in reduced glutathione content ( GSH ) , antioxidant enzymes , and phase II metabolizing enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It induces serum toxicity markers , viz . , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prophylactic treatment of animals with chrysin before the administration of Fe - NTA was effective in modulating oxidative and renal injury markers and resulted in the diminution of Fe - NTA mediated injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest chrysin as an effective chemopreventive agent having the capability to obstruct DEN initiated and Fe - NTA promoted renal cancer in the rat model .", "entity": [{"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "DEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of blood - retinal barrier development on formation of selenite nuclear cataract in rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenite cataract , as an experimental animal model of nuclear cataract to mimic human senile cataract , is produced only when overdose selenite is injected to neonatal rats before eyelid opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the cause of age differences on selenite cataract formation in rats , mRNA expression of GPx1 , MsrA and MsrB1 , as well as GPx activity in Wistar rat lens at different ages were assayed , level of lipid peroxidation , extent of lens damage induced by sodium selenite and barricade function of blood - retinal barrier ( BRB ) were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that mRNA expressions and activity of antioxidant enzymes in neonatal rat lens before eyelid opening were the highest and then decreased with age , and revealed by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) using lanthanum hydroxide as tracer that higher selenite content entering eyes injured lens and resulted in cataract formation for immature BRB before eyelid opening , moreover , a little selenite content entering eyes was not enough to induce cataract formation after eyelid opening because of mature BRB .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthanum hydroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 249]}, {"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 280]}, {"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [412, 420]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cucurbitacins E , D and I : investigation of their cytotoxicity toward human chondrosarcoma SW 1353 cell line and their biotransformation in man liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins E , D and I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cucurbitacins are a class of natural compounds known for their numerous potential pharmacological effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cucurbitacins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this work was to compare the cytotoxicity of three cucurbitacins I , D , E on the chondrosarcoma SW 1353 cancer cell line and to investigate their biotransformation in man .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins I , D , E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cucurbitacins I and D showed a very strong cytotoxicity , which was higher than that of cytochalasin D , used as a drug reference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cucurbitacins I and D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "cytochalasin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost 100 % of the cells were apoptotic as observed by DNA fragmentation ( TUNEL assay ) after 12 h with cucurbitacins I and D ( 1 mu M ) and cucurbitacin E ( 10 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins I and D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 127]}, {"entity": "cucurbitacin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of IC ( 50 ) values , cucurbitacins I and E presented a higher toxicity compared to that of cucurbitacin D ( MTT assay ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins I and E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "cucurbitacin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cucurbitacin E was readily hydrolyzed by human hepatic microsomes , leading to cucurbitacin I ( K ( m ) 22 mu M , V ( max ) 571 nmol / mg proteins / min ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cucurbitacin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "cucurbitacin I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the three cucurbitacins were hydroxylated at a very low extent , but they were sulfated and glucuronidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of V ( max ) / K ( m ) , the cucurbitacin E was the best substrate of UDP - glucuronosyltransferases .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that cucurbitacins I , D and E present a potent cytotoxic activity toward the chondrosarcoma SW 1353 cell line and are metabolized as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates .", "entity": [{"entity": "cucurbitacins I , D and E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 47]}, {"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha C helix displacement as a general approach for allosteric modulation of protein kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owing to their crucial role in the modulation of cell pathways , protein kinases are important targets for several human diseases , including but not limited to cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The classic approach of targeting the ATP active site has recently come up against selectivity issues , which can be considerably reduced by following an allosteric modulation approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being closely related to protein kinase inactivation , allosteric targeting via displacement of the conserved structural alpha C helix enables a direct and specific modulation mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A structure - based survey of the allosteric regulation of alpha C helix conformation in various kinase families is provided , highlighting key allosteric pockets and modulation mechanisms that appear to be more broadly conserved than was previously thought .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased protein kinase A type I alpha regulatory subunit expression in parathyroid gland adenomas of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase A ( PKA ) regulatory subunit type I alpha ( RI alpha ) is a major regulatory subunit that functions as an inhibitor of PKA kinase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously demonstrated that elevated RI alpha expression is associated with diffuse - to - nodular transformation of hyperplasia in parathyroid glands of renal hyperparathyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the current study was to determine whether or not RI alpha expression is increased in adenomas of primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT ) , because monoclonal proliferation has been demonstrated in both adenomas and nodular hyperplasia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgical specimens comprising 22 adenomas and 11 normal glands , obtained from 22 patients with PHPT , were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were employed to evaluate RI alpha expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKA activities were determined in several adenomas highly expressing RI alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RI alpha expression was also separately evaluated in chief and oxyphilic cells using the \" Allred score \" system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , a proliferation marker , was also immunohistochemically examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis revealed that 5 out of 8 adenomas highly expressed RI alpha , compared with normal glands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKA activity in adenomas was significantly less than in normal glands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated high expression of RI alpha in 20 out of 22 adenomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In adenomas , the greater RI alpha expression and more PCNA positive cells were observed in both chief and oxyphilic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study suggested that high RI alpha expression could contribute to monoclonal proliferation of parathyroid cells by impairing the cAMP / PKA signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium ( Se ) seed priming induced growth and biochemical changes in wheat under water deficit conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insufficient stand establishment at early growth stages in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) due to drought stress is a major problem that limits overall efficiency and yield of crop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Priming of seed is an effective method for raising seed performance and improving tolerance of crops to abiotic stresses especially drought .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seeds of two local wheat cultivars ( Kohistan - 97 and Pasban - 90 ) were soaked in distilled water or sodium selenate solutions of 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mu M for 1 / 2 or 1 h at 25 degrees C and later re - dried to their original moisture levels before sowing .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium selenate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - hour priming significantly increased root length stress tolerance index , dry matter stress tolerance index , and total biomass of seedlings ; however , no significant effect of changing duration of Se seed priming was observed on plant height stress tolerance index and shoot / root ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among cultivars , Kohistan - 97 was found to be more responsive to Se seed treatment as 1 h priming at 100 mu M significantly increased its total biomass by 43 % as compared to control treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although biomass of seedlings was not affected with Se seed priming under normal conditions , but it increased significantly with increase in rates of Se under drought stress conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - hour priming at 75 mu M increased the total sugar content and total free amino acids in both wheat cultivars .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more significant decrease in soluble proteins of seedlings was observed by 1 h priming than 1 / 2 h priming under drought stress conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A inhibits voltage - activated Ca ( 2 + ) channels in vitro : mechanisms and structural requirements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) , a high volume production chemical compound attracts growing attention as a health - relevant xenobiotic in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can directly bind to hormone receptors , enzymes , and ion channels to become biologically active .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we show that BPA acts as a potent blocker of voltage - activated Ca ( 2 + ) channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the mechanisms of block and the structural elements of BPA essential for its action .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroscopic Ba ( 2 + ) / Ca ( 2 + ) currents through native L - , N - , P / Q - , T - type Ca ( 2 + ) channels in rat endocrine GH ( 3 ) cells , mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons or cardiac myocytes , and recombinant human R - type Ca ( 2 + ) channels expressed in human embryonic kidney ( HEK ) 293 cells were rapidly and reversibly inhibited by BPA with similar potency ( EC ( 50 ) values : 26 - 35 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 243]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological and biophysical analysis of R - type Ca ( 2 + ) channels revealed that BPA interacts with the extracellular part of the channel protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its action does not require intracellular signaling pathways , is neither voltage - nor use - dependent , and does not affect channel gating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates that BPA interacts with the channel in its resting state by directly binding to an external site outside the pore - forming region .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - effect analyses of various phenolic and bisphenolic compounds revealed that 1 ) a double - alkylated ( R - C ( CH ( 3 ) ) ( 2 ) - R , R - C ( CH ( 3 ) ) ( CH ( 2 ) CH ( 3 ) ) - R ) , or double - trifluoromethylated sp ( 3 ) - hybridized carbon atom between the two aromatic rings and 2 ) the two aromatic moieties in angulated orientation are optimal for BPA ' s effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "bisphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "R - C ( CH ( 3 ) ) ( 2 ) - R", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 143]}, {"entity": "R - C ( CH ( 3 ) ) ( CH ( 2 ) CH ( 3 ) ) - R", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 190]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 255]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 370]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since BPA highly pollutes the environment and is incorporated into the human organism , our data may provide a basis for future studies relevant for human health and development .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic size effects in three - dimensional nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that bismuth nanostructures form three - dimensional patterns governed by two - dimensional electronic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "bismuth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that both the vertical and the lateral dimensions of the structures strongly favor certain values and that the preferred widths are substantially different for each preferred height .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First - principles calculations demonstrate that this vertical - lateral correlation is governed by the Fermi surface topology and that this is itself sensitively dependent on the dimensions of the structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicochemical analysis from real - time imaging of liposome tubulation reveals the characteristics of individual F - BAR domain proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fer - CIP4 homology - BAR ( F - BAR ) domain , which was identified as a biological membrane - deforming module , has been reported to transform lipid bilayer membranes into tubules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , details of the tubulation process , the mechanism , and the properties of the generated tubules remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we successfully monitored the entire process of tubulation and the behavior of elongated tubules caused by four different F - BAR domain family proteins ( FBP17 , CIP4 , PSTPIP1 , and Pacsin2 ) using direct real - time imaging of giant unilamellar liposomes with dark - field optical microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FBP17 and CIP4 develop many protrusions simultaneously over the entire surface of individual liposomes , whereas PSTPIP1 and Pacsin2 develop only a few protrusions from a narrow restricted part of the surface of individual liposomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tubules formed by FBP17 or CIP4 have higher bending rigidities than those formed by PSTPIP1 or Pacsin2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide striking evidence that these four F - BAR domain family proteins should be classified into two groups : one group of FBP17 and CIP4 and another group of PSTPIP1 and Pacsin2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This classification is consistent with the phylogenetic proximity among these proteins and suggests that the nature of the respective tubulation is associated with biological function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings aid in the quantitative assessment with respect to manipulating the morphology of lipid bilayers using membrane - deforming proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymethoxyflavones as agents that prevent formation of cataract : nobiletin congeners show potent growth inhibitory effects in human lens epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polymethoxyflavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "nobiletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posterior capsular opacification ( PCO ) is the most frequent complication and the primary reason for visual decrease after extracapsular cataract surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proliferation and migration of leftover lens epithelial cells ( LECs ) after surgery may contribute to the development of PCO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prevent PCO , a rational approach would be to inhibit both the proliferation and the migration of LECs using nontoxic xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nobiletin , one of the most abundant polymethoxyflavones ( PMFs ) in citrus peel , and its synthetic congeners displayed a potent inhibition of LEC proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobiletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "polymethoxyflavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "PMFs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural features which enhance anti - proliferative activity have also been discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural studies on matrices of deacylated gellan with polydextrose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of varying concentrations of co - solute ( polydextrose ) on thermomechanical and physicochemical properties of deacylated gellan matrices is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulated differential scanning calorimetry , micro differential scanning calorimetry , small deformation dynamic oscillation in shear , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , wide angle X - ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy have been used to investigate the structural transformations in aqueous , low - solid and condensed systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a rise in values of storage modulus as the level of co - solute was increased , followed by a significant decline at intermediate concentrations , with high modulus values being regained as more of the co - solute was incorporated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results confirm the hypothesis of a structural transformation from a highly enthalpic aggregated assembly in the aqueous / low - solid environment to a lightly cross linked polysaccharide network in the high solids regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - temperature superposition ( TTS ) phenomena observed for amorphous synthetic polymers have been utilised to generate master curves of viscoelasticity , which afforded rationalisation of results on the basis of the free volume theory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of lead in milk and yoghurt samples by solid phase extraction using a novel aminothioazole - polymeric resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminothioazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A preconcentration method was developed by using a new aminothioazole - containing sulfonamide resin in solid phase extraction for the determination of lead and nickel in milk and yoghurt samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminothioazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "sulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimisation of experimental conditions was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimum parameters for Pb and Ni were found to be 3 . 5 , 30 min and 2 . 5 mL for pH , contact time , eluate volume , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After preconcentration step , atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the determinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhancement of 350 - and 50 - fold in the sensitivity of Pb and Ni were achieved by combination of the slotted tube atom trap - atomic absorption spectrometry with the optimised preconcentration method , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits of detection were found to be 0 . 15 ng mL - (1) for Pb and 0 . 75 ng mL - (1) for Ni .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lead concentrations in the studied samples were found to be in the range of 15 - 61 ng Pb mL - (1) for milk and 21 - 42 ng Pb g - (1) for yoghurt samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sitosterol as an antioxidant in frying oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidative effect of sitosterol at 1 , 2 and 5 % levels , in triolein , refined canola , high oleic sunflower and flaxseed oils , continuously heated for a period of up to 72 h at frying temperature of 180 degrees C , was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "triolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography ( HPSEC ) was used to monitor changes in peak areas of triacylglycerol ( TG ) polymer , monomer and ester hydrolysis products .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of enhanced levels of sitosterol was found to significantly decrease TG polymer formation in triolein and the vegetable oil samples after heating at 180 degrees C for a period of 72 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "triolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A corresponding increase in the level of intact TG monomer and the extent of TG ester hydrolysis was observed in all samples with enhanced levels of sitosterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "TG ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion of sterol to steradiene , by the 1 , 2 elimination of water , may be responsible for the antioxidative effect of sitosterol at frying temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "steradiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of high beta - glucan oat lines and localization and chemical characterization of their seed kernel beta - glucans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oat , ( Avena sativa ) is an excellent source of mixed linkage beta - glucans ( ( 1 --> 3 ) ( 1 --> 4 ) - beta - D - glucan ) , a dietary fibre with cholesterol lowering properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a mutagenized oat - population we screened 1700 different lines and identified ten lines that displayed beta - glucan levels above 6 . 7 % and 10 below 3 . 6 % . The extreme values were 1 . 8 % and 7 . 5 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We chose six lines with an increased - and four lines with a reduced beta - glucan content for further study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By longitudinal - and cross - sections of seeds it was shown that localization of beta - glucan varied between the different lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , beta - glucan quality parameters like molecular weight and solubility were also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the selection was designed for quantitative differences , qualitative differences between the beta - glucans from the different lines were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high and low beta - glucan lines will now be used as a model system to study molecular regulation of beta - glucan biosynthesis as well as possible links between fibre quality and biological activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geographical provenance of palm oil by fatty acid and volatile compound fingerprinting techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analytical methods are required in addition to administrative controls to verify the geographical origin of vegetable oils such as palm oil in an objective manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study the application of fatty acid and volatile organic compound fingerprinting in combination with chemometrics have been applied to verify the geographical origin of crude palm oil ( continental scale ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose 94 crude palm oil samples were collected from South East Asia ( 55 ) , South America ( 11 ) and Africa ( 28 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial least squares discriminant analysis ( PLS - DA ) was used to develop a hierarchical classification model by combining two consecutive binary PLS - DA models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , a PLS - DA model was built to distinguish South East Asian from non - South East Asian palm oil samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then a second model was developed , only for the non - Asian samples , to discriminate African from South American crude palm oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models were externally validated by using them to predict the identity of new authentic samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fatty acid fingerprinting model revealed three misclassified samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volatile compound fingerprinting models showed an 88 % , 100 % and 100 % accuracy for the South East Asian , African and American class , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The verification of the geographical origin of crude palm oil is feasible by fatty acid and volatile compound fingerprinting .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research is required to further validate the approach and to increase its spatial specificity to country / province scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent ligands for adenosine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest is increasing in developing fluorescent ligands for characterization of adenosine receptors ( ARs ) , which hold a promise of usefulness in the drug discovery process .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The size of a strategically labeled AR ligand can be greatly increased after the attachment of a fluorophore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The choice of dye moiety ( e . g . Alexa Fluor 488 ) , attachment point and linker length can alter the selectivity and potency of the parent molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexa Fluor 488", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent derivatives of adenosine agonists and antagonists ( e . g . XAC and other heterocyclic antagonist scaffolds ) have been synthesized and characterized pharmacologically .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "XAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some are useful AR probes for flow cytometry , fluorescence correlation spectroscopy , fluorescence microscopy , fluorescence polarization , fluorescence resonance energy transfer , and scanning confocal microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the approach of fluorescent labeled GPCR ligands , including those for ARs , is a growing dynamic research field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigating the binding interactions of galantamine with beta - amyloid peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - Alzheimer ' s agent galantamine is known to possess anti - amyloid properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the exact mechanisms are not clear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the binding interactions of galantamine with amyloid peptide dimer ( A beta ( 1 - 40 ) ) through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galantamine ' s binding site within the amyloid peptide dimer was identified by docking experiments and the most stable complex was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies show that galantamine was interacting with the central region of the amyloid dimer ( Lys16 - Ala21 ) and the C - terminal region ( Ile31 - Val36 ) with minimum structural drift of C alpha atom in those regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "Lys16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "Ala21", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 124]}, {"entity": "Ile31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "Val36", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , a significant drift was observed at the turn region from Asp23 - Gly29 ( C alpha atom RMSD = 9 . 2 A and 11 . 6 A at 50 fs and 100 fs respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asp23", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "Gly29", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , galantamine ' s binding mode disrupts the key pi - pi stacking interaction between aromatic rings of Phe19 ( chain A ) and Phe19 ( chain B ) and intermolecular hydrogen bonds seen in unbound peptide dimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "Phe19", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "Phe19", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noticeably , the azepine tertiary nitrogen of galantamine was in close proximity to backbone CO of Leu34 ( distance < 3 . 5 A ) to stabilize the dimer conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "azepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Leu34", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , the results indicate that galantamine binding to amyloid peptide dimer leads to a significant conformational change at the turn region ( Asp23 - Gly29 ) that disrupts interactions between individual beta - strands and promotes a nontoxic conformation of A beta ( 1 - 40 ) to prevent the formation of neurotoxic oligomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "Asp23", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "Gly29", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of designer steroid methylstenbolone in \" nutritional supplement \" using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry : elucidation of its urinary metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "methylstenbolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of \" nutritional supplements \" containing unapproved substances has become a regular practice in amateur and professional athletes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This represents a dangerous habit for their health once no data about toxicological or pharmacological effects of these supplements are available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of them are freely commercialized online and any person can buy them without medical surveillance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the steroids intentionally added to the \" nutritional supplements \" are testosterone analogues with some structural modifications .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the analyzed product was bought online and a new anabolic steroid known as methylstenbolone ( 2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 17 beta - hydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - en - 3 - one ) was detected , as described on label .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "methylstenbolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 17 beta - hydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , anabolic steroids are extensively metabolized , thus in - depth knowledge of their metabolism is mandatory for doping control purposes .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , a human excretion study was carried out with four volunteers after a single oral dose to determine the urinary metabolites of the steroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine samples were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuconjugated metabolites followed by liquid - liquid extraction and analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethylsilyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectrometric data allowed the proposal of two plausible metabolites : 2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 16 xi , 17 beta - dihydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - en - 3 - one ( S1 ) , 2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 3 alpha , 16 xi , 17 beta - trihydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - ene ( S2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 16 xi , 17 beta - dihydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 168]}, {"entity": "2 , 17 alpha - dimethyl - 3 alpha , 16 xi , 17 beta - trihydroxy - 5 alpha - androst - 1 - ene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their electron impact mass spectra are compatible with 16 - hydroxylated steroids O - TMS derivatives presenting diagnostic ions such as m / z 231 and m / z 218 .", "entity": [{"entity": "16 - hydroxylated steroids O - TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These metabolites were detectable after one week post administration while unchanged methylstenbolone was only detectable in a brief period of 45 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylstenbolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tigecycline prevents LPS - induced release of pro - inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in neuronal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pro - inflammatory and pro - apoptotic mediators have been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tigecycline ( Tig ) , a glycylcycline antibiotic and an analog of Minocycline , is shown to exert anti - inflammatory effects that are distinct from its anti - microbial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Tig", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "glycylcycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Minocycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its neuroprotective mechanism is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the direct protective mechanisms of tigecycline against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced Rat pheochromocytoma ( PC12 ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that tigecycline significantly attenuated the expression and the release of nuclear factor - kappa beta ( NF - kappa B ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) and interleukin - 1beta ( IL - 1 beta ) , as well as nitric oxide ( NO ) levels in LPS - induced PC12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 253]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , tigecycline dose - dependently decreased cytochrome c release and caspase - 3 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This later finding corroborated the results of decreased pro - apoptotic Bad , and increased anti - apoptotic Bcl - 2 protein expression thus , confirming a neuroprotective effect of the drug in differentiated PC12 cells induced with LPS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings of our study suggest new targets for tigecycline and support the potential for tigecycline to be investigated as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "tigecycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bradykinetic alcohol dehydrogenases make yeast fitter for growth in the presence of allyl alcohol .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "allyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies showed that fitter yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) that can grow by fermenting glucose in the presence of allyl alcohol , which is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase I ( ADH1 ) to toxic acrolein , had mutations in the ADH1 gene that led to decreased ADH activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "allyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These yeast may grow more slowly due to slower reduction of acetaldehyde and a higher NADH / NAD ( + ) ratio , which should decrease the oxidation of allyl alcohol .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "allyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined steady - state kinetic constants for three yeast ADHs with new site - directed substitutions and examined the correlation between catalytic efficiency and growth on selective media of yeast expressing six different ADHs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The H15R substitution ( a test for electrostatic effects ) is on the surface of ADH and has small effects on the kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The H44R substitution ( affecting interactions with the coenzyme pyrophosphate ) was previously shown to decrease affinity for coenzymes 2 - 4 - fold and turnover numbers ( V / Et ) by 4 - 6 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The W82R substitution is distant from the active site , but decreases turnover numbers by 5 - 6 - fold , perhaps by effects on protein dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The E67Q substitution near the catalytic zinc was shown previously to increase the Michaelis constant for acetaldehyde and to decrease turnover for ethanol oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The W54R substitution , in the substrate binding site , increases kinetic constants ( Ks , by > 10 - fold ) while decreasing turnover numbers by 2 - 7 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth of yeast expressing the different ADHs on YPD plates ( yeast extract , peptone and dextrose ) plus antimycin to require fermentation , was positively correlated with the log of catalytic efficiency for the sequential bi reaction ( V1 / KiaKb = KeqV2 / KpKiq , varying over 4 orders of magnitude , adjusted for different levels of ADH expression ) in the order : WT =~ H15R > H44R > W82R > E67Q > W54R .", "entity": [{"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "antimycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth on YPD plus 10mM allyl alcohol was inversely correlated with catalytic efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "allyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fitter yeast are \" bradytrophs \" ( slow growing ) because the ADHs have decreased catalytic efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligochitosan polyplexes as carriers for retinal gene delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - viral gene therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of retinal diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the lack of an efficient carrier hampers the implementation of this therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated low molecular weight ultrapure oligochitosans for the delivery of the pCMS - EGFP plasmid into the rat retina cells after subretinal and intravitreal administrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyplexes were technologically characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resulting polyplexes based on ultrapure oligochitosans were slightly spherical , protected the plasmid against enzymatic digestion , and their charge and size values ranged from 8 to 14 millivolts and from 150 to 69 nm respectively depending on the N / P ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HEK - 293 cultured cells , transfection efficiency significantly increased from 12 % to 30 % when pH decreased from 7 . 4 to 7 . 1 ( data normalized to Lipofectamine (TM) 2000 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no significant transfection was detected in ARPE - 19 cultured cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subretinal administrations transfected mainly the pigmented cells of the retinal pigment epithelium and the light sensitive photoreceptor cells , whereas intravitreal injections transfected cells in the ganglion cell layer , blood vessels in the inner layers of the retina and photoreceptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support the potential use of oligochitosans for delivering genetic material into retinal cells in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of volume ratio of ultrafiltrate to sample solution on the analysis of free drug and measurement of free carbamazepine in clinical drug monitoring .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional ultrafiltration ( UF ) usually has a large volume ratio of ultrafiltrate to sample solution , and this ratio cannot be well controlled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can break the balance of protein - binding equilibrium and exert an influence on the analysis of free drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we evaluated the influence of volume ratio of ultrafiltrate to sample solution on the analysis of free drug in human plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used carbamazepine as a model drug and studied the effect of different centrifugation times on ultrafitrate volume and the related effects on unbound carbamazepine measurement .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we compared the hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration ( HFCF - UF ) with traditional UF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that the ultrafiltrate volume was changed from 40 to 400 mu L with the increase of centrifugation time for the traditional UF , and the related changes in unbound concentration were significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of protein binding ( BP ) was changed from 40 % to 70 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , a tiny and invariant ultrafiltrate yield ( 40 mu L ) was obtained using the HFCF - UF method , and the BP rate was around 72 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , with the HFCF - UF method , the volume ratio of ultrafiltrate to sample solution could be also well controlled by the inner diameters of both the glass tube and hollow fiber .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HFCF - UF method was a more accurate plasma pretreatment procedure , by which the in vivo balance of protein - binding equilibrium was hardly broken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , this method was successfully employed to quantify the free fraction of carbamazepine in clinical samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of aflatoxins , deoxynivalenol , ochratoxin A and zearalenone in wheat and oat based bran supplements sold in the Spanish market .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "deoxynivalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aflatoxins ( AFs ) , deoxynivalenol ( DON ) , ochratoxin A ( OTA ) and zearalenone ( ZEA ) are mycotoxins produced by fungal species which can contaminate , alone or simultaneously , cereal - based raw materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "deoxynivalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the higher mycotoxins concentrations in cereals are found in the external layers of the grain ( bran ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays bran is increasingly consumed for its high fibre concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objectives of this study were determining the concentration of these mycotoxins in bran samples intended for direct human consumption and to study the influence of some characteristics of the samples that may affect the mycotoxins content , there are not studies about fibre for direct human consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "67 bran samples from shops and supermarkets from two different Spanish cities were analyzed , being 37 samples of wheat bran and the remaining of oat bran .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed a major presence of DON in the analyzed samples , with levels above the EU legislation in some samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presence of DON was more frequent in wheat samples , compared to oats ones ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extruded or toasted samples , subjected to a heat treatment during processing , presented a significantly lower concentration of OTA , and differences between the organically and conventionally produced samples were also detected in OTA , which showed higher levels in the organic samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - occurrence was frequently found between the Fusarium mycotoxins ( ZEA and DON ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the high levels of DON in the analyzed samples , a calculation of DON intake has been made and it has been demonstrated that bran can account for an important percentage of DON exposure in the total diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phyllanthus urinaria suppresses human osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration by transcriptionally inhibiting u - PA via ERK and Akt signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phyllanthus urinaria is widely used as anti - inflammatory , antiviral , antibacterial , and anti - hepatotoxic medicines in almost every tropical country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , scientific evidence supporting its use in cancer metastasis is limited , particularly osteosarcoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the effect of P . urinaria extract ( PUE ) on cell viability , invasion , and migration in the human osteosarcoma Saos - 2 cell line , and looked at the impact of PUE on several relevant proteases and signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that PUE , at a range of concentrations ( from 0 to 100 mu g / ml ) , concentration - dependently inhibited the migration / invasion capacities of Saos - 2 without cytotoxic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zymographic and western blot analyses revealed that PUE inhibited the urokinase - type plasminogen activator ( u - PA ) and matrix metalloproteinase - 2 ( MMP - 2 ) enzyme activity , as well as protein expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis also showed that PUE inhibits phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 and Akt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testing of mRNA level , quantitative real - time PCR , and promoter assays evaluated the inhibitory effects of PUE on u - PA expression in Saos - 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) assay was reactive to the transcription protein SP - 1 , which was inhibited by PUE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , PUE suppresses human osteosarcoma Saos - 2 cell invasion and migration by transcriptionally inhibiting u - PA via ERK and Akt signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , PUE produces anti - metastatic activity in Saos - 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic exposure to paclobutrazol causes hepatic steatosis in male rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus and the mechanism involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclobutrazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclobutrazol ( PBZ ) is a triazole - containing fungicide which is widely used in agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paclobutrazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "PBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute toxicity can follow its extensive use but it is generally weaker than traditional pesticides such as organochlorine and organophosphorus .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its adverse effects on aquatic organisms need to be investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PBZ exposure on the hepatic lipid metabolism of Sebastiscus marmoratus .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After PBZ exposure for 50 days , hepatic lipid droplets were enlarged and the hepatic total lipid , triglyceride , total cholesterol and free fatty acid content had increased in a dose dependent manner compared to the control .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA expression of lipid metabolism associated genes such as peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors ( PPARs ) , androgen receptor , acetyl - CoA carboxylase 1 , fatty acid synthesis , fatty acid bing protein 4 , liver X receptor alpha ( LXR alpha ) and stearoyl - CoA desaturase were up - regulated by PBZ exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "acetyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "stearoyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 278]}, {"entity": "PBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that triazole - containing fungicides might affect the metabolism and health of fish via the multi - signal pathways of nuclear receptors such as PPARs and LXR .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical assembly of ultrathin hexagonal SnS2 nanosheets onto electrospun TiO2 nanofibers : enhanced photocatalytic activity based on photoinduced interfacial charge transfer .", "entity": [{"entity": "SnS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well - designed hierarchical nanostructures with one dimensional ( 1D ) TiO ( 2 ) nanofibers ( 120 - 350 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length ) and ultrathin hexagonal SnS ( 2 ) nanosheets ( 40 - 70 nm in lateral size and 4 - 8 nm in thickness ) were successfully synthesized by combining the electrospinning technique ( for TiO ( 2 ) nanofibers ) and a hydrothermal growth method ( for SnS ( 2 ) nanosheets ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 189]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [337, 346]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [399, 408]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single - crystalline SnS ( 2 ) nanosheets with a 2D layered structure were uniformly grown onto the electrospun TiO ( 2 ) nanofibers consisted of either anatase ( A ) phase or anatase - rutile ( AR ) mixed phase TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "anatase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "anatase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "rutile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The definite heterojunction interface between SnS ( 2 ) nanosheets and TiO ( 2 ) ( A or R ) nanoparticles were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy ( HRTEM ) and X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( A or R )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the as - prepared SnS ( 2 ) / TiO ( 2 ) hierarchical nanostructures as nanoheterojunction photocatalysts exhibited excellent UV and visible light photocatalytic activities for the degradation of organic dyes ( rhodamine B and methyl orange ) and phenols ( 4 - nitrophenol ) , remarkably superior to the TiO ( 2 ) nanofibers and the SnS ( 2 ) nanosheets , mainly owing to the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer based on the photosynergistic effect of the SnS ( 2 ) / TiO ( 2 ) heterojunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "rhodamine B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 232]}, {"entity": "methyl orange", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 250]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 264]}, {"entity": "4 - nitrophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 282]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 323]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [343, 352]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [471, 480]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [483, 492]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly , the SnS ( 2 ) / TiO ( 2 ) ( AR ) hierarchical nanostructures as the tricomponent heterojunction system possessed stronger photocatalytic activity than the bicomponent heterojunction system of SnS ( 2 ) / TiO ( 2 ) ( A ) hierarchical nanostructures or TiO ( 2 ) ( AR ) nanofibers , which was discussed in terms of the three - way photosynergistic effect between SnS ( 2 ) , TiO ( 2 ) ( A ) and TiO ( 2 ) ( R ) component in the SnS ( 2 ) / TiO ( 2 ) ( AR ) heterojunction resulting in the high separation efficiency of photoinduced electron - hole pairs , as evidenced by photoluminescence ( PL ) and surface photovoltage spectra ( SPS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( AR )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( A )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 235]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( AR )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 283]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [377, 386]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( A )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [389, 404]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( R )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [409, 424]}, {"entity": "SnS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [442, 451]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 ) ( AR )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [454, 470]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic arsenic exposure in nanomolar concentrations compromises wound response and intercellular signaling in airway epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paracrine ATP signaling in the lung epithelium participates in a variety of innate immune functions , including mucociliary clearance , bactericide production , and as an initiating signal in wound repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the effects of chronic low - dose arsenic relevant to U . S . drinking water standards ( i . e . , 10 ppb [ 130nM ] ) on airway epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells ( 16HBE14o - ) were exposed to 0 , 130 , or 330nM arsenic ( as Na - arsenite ) for 4 - 5 weeks and examined for wound repair efficiency and ATP - mediated Ca ( 2 + ) signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "Na - arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that chronic arsenic exposure at these low doses slows wound repair and reduces ATP - mediated Ca ( 2 + ) signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further show that arsenic compromises ATP - mediated Ca ( 2 + ) signaling by altering both Ca ( 2 + ) release from intracellular stores ( via metabotropic P2Y receptors ) and Ca ( 2 + ) influx mechanisms ( via ionotropic P2X receptors ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To better model the effects of arsenic on ATP - mediated Ca ( 2 + ) signaling under conditions of natural exposure , we cultured tracheal epithelial cells obtained from mice exposed to control or 50 ppb Na - arsenite supplemented drinking water for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "Na - arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tracheal epithelial cells from arsenic - exposed mice displayed reduced ATP - mediated Ca ( 2 + ) signaling dynamics similar to our in vitro chronic exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings demonstrate that chronic arsenic exposure at levels that are commonly found in drinking water ( i . e . , 10 - 50 ppb ) alters cellular mechanisms critical to airway innate immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of ginkgolic acid ( 15 : 1 ) metabolites in rats following oral administration by high - performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginkgolic acid ( 15 : 1 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . In this article , metabolites of ginkgolic acid ( GA ) ( 15 : 1 ) in rats plasma , bile , urine and faeces after oral administration have been investigated for the first time by high - performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC - MS / MS ) with the aid of on - line hydrogen / deuterium ( H / D ) exchange technique and beta - glucuronidase hydrolysis experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginkgolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 312]}, {"entity": "deuterium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 324]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 328]}, {"entity": "D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . After oral administration of GA ( 15 : 1 , M0 ) to rats at a dose of 10 mg / kg , it was found that metabolites M1 - M5 together with parent compound ( M0 ) existed in rat plasma ; parent compound ( M0 ) and metabolites M2 - M5 were observed in rat bile , and parent compound ( M0 ) with metabolites M1 and M2 were discovered in rat faeces , and there was no parent compound and metabolite detectable in rat urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . Two oxidative metabolites of GA ( 15 : 1 , M0 ) were identified as 2 - hydroxy - 6 - ( pentadec - 8 - enyl - 10 - hydroxy ) benzoic acid ( M1 ) and 2 - hydroxy - 6 - ( pentadec - 8 - enyl - 11 - hydroxy - 13 - carbonyl ) benzoic acid ( M2 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - hydroxy - 6 - ( pentadec - 8 - enyl - 10 - hydroxy ) benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 140]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxy - 6 - ( pentadec - 8 - enyl - 11 - hydroxy - 13 - carbonyl ) benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolites M3 , M4 and M5 were identified as the mono - glucuronic acid conjugates of parent compound ( M0 ) , M1 and M2 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "mono - glucuronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . The results indicated that M1 and M2 with parent compound ( M0 ) were mainly eliminated in faeces and three glucuronide metabolites ( M3 , M4 and M5 ) excreted in bile as the predominant forms after oral administration of GA ( 15 : 1 ) to rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "GA ( 15 : 1 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shear modulus property characterization of nanorods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate an innovative technique for the direct measurement on the shear modulus of an individual nanorod .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This measurement is based on atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) and microfabrication techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nanorod is first aligned along the edge of a small trench in a silicon substrate , and then one end of the nanorod is fixed on the substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When an AFM tip scans over the nanorod in contact mode , the nanorod will be twisted by the comprehensive action from the force of the AFM tip , confinement from the trench edge and the fixing end .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shear deformation and the corresponding force that caused the deformation can be retrieved from topography and lateral force image , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By small - angle approximation , the shear modulus of the ZnO NR , which has a radius of 166 nm and a length of 4 mu m , is measured to be 8 . 1 +/- 1 . 9 GPa .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method can be applied directly to characterize the shear modulus of any nanowire / nanorod that possesses a polygon cross section .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From an atypical wake - promoting agent to potent histamine - 3 receptor inverse agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utilizing atypical wake - promoting agent modafinil ( inactive in both rH ( 3 ) and hH ( 3 ) binding assays ) as a launching pad , a series of sulfinyl - and sulfone - derived H ( 3 ) receptor inverse agonists were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "modafinil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "sulfinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "sulfone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain - permeable compound 27 , a potent member of the series displayed excellent selectivity against related family members ( H ( 1 ) , H ( 2 ) , and H ( 4 ) receptors ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YopK controls both rate and fidelity of Yop translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague , utilizes a type III secretion system ( T3SS ) to intoxicate host cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The injection of T3SS substrates must be carefully controlled , and dysregulation leads to altered infection kinetics and early clearance of Y . pestis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the sequence of events leading up to cell contact and initiation of translocation has received much attention , the regulatory events that take place after effector translocation is less understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the regulator YopK is required to maintain fidelity of substrate specificity , in addition to controlling translocation rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YopK was found to interact with YopD within targeted cells during Y . pestis infection , suggesting that YopK ' s regulatory mechanism involves a direct interaction with the translocation pore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we identified a single amino acid in YopK that is essential for translocation rate regulation but is dispensable for maintaining fidelity of translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found that expression of YopK within host cells was sufficient to downregulate translocation rate , but it did not affect translocation fidelity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our data support a model in which YopK is a bifunctional protein whose activities are genetically and spatially distinct such that fidelity control occurs within bacteria and rate control occurs within host cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly efficient preparation of multiscaled quantum dot barcodes for multiplexed hepatitis B detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both disease diagnosis and therapeutic treatments require real - time information from assays capable of identifying multiple targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among various multiplexed biochips , multiplexed suspension assays of quantum dot ( QD ) - encoded microspheres are highly advantageous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This arises from the excellent fluorescent properties of the QDs incorporated into these microspheres , thus allowing them to serve as \" QD barcodes \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QD barcodes can be prepared through various approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the formulation of improved synthetic techniques that may allow more efficient preparation of QD barcodes with better encoding accuracy still remains a challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we describe a combined membrane emulsification - solvent evaporation ( MESE ) approach for the efficient preparation of QD barcodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining the advantages of the MESE approach in controlling the barcode sizes with accurate encoding , a three - dimensional barcode library that integrates the signals of the forward scattering , fluorescence 1 , and fluorescence 4 channels was established via flow cytometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The five indexes of hepatitis B viruses were chosen as diagnostic targets to examine the feasibility of the QD barcodes in high - throughput diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of showing that singleplex detection is feasible , we demonstrate the ability of these QD barcodes to simultaneously and selectively detect a multitude of diverse biomolecular targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a novel benzimidazole derivative as a highly potent NPY Y5 receptor antagonist with an anti - obesity profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of HTS hit 1 for NPY Y5 receptor binding affinity , CYP450 inhibition , solubility and metabolic stability led to the identification of some orally available oxygen - linker derivatives for in vivo study .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , derivative 4i inhibited food intake induced by the NPY Y5 selective agonist , and chronic oral administration of 4i in DIO mice caused a dose - dependent reduction of body weight gain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone positively associated with both male mating effort and paternal behavior in savanna baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone ( T ) is often positively associated with male sexual behavior and negatively associated with paternal care .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These associations have primarily been demonstrated in species where investment in paternal care begins well after mating activity is complete , when offspring are hatched or born .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different patterns may emerge in studies of species where investment in mating and paternal care overlap temporally , for instance in non - seasonal breeders in which males mate with multiple females sequentially and may simultaneously have multiple offspring of different ages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 9 - year data set on levels of T in male baboons , fecal concentrations of T ( fT ) were positively associated with both mate guarding ( \" consortship \" ) - a measure of current reproductive activity - and with the number of immature offspring a male had in his social group - a measure of past reproductive activity and an indicator of likely paternal behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further examine the relationship between T and potential paternal behavior , we next drew on an intensive 8 - month study of male behavior , and found that fathers were more likely to be in close proximity to their offspring than expected by chance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because male baboons are known to provide paternal care , and because time in proximity to offspring would facilitate such care , this suggests that T concentrations in wild male baboons may be associated with both current reproductive activity and with current paternal behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are consistent with the predicted positive association between T and mating effort but not with a negative association between T and paternal care ; in male baboons , high levels of T occur in males that are differentially associating with their offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silexan , an essential oil from flowers of Lavandula angustifolia , is not recognized as benzodiazepine - like in rats trained to discriminate a diazepam cue .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , an essential oil of selected quality produced from the flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill . by steam distillation ( Silexan ) has been approved in Germany for the treatment of restlessness in case of anxious mood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the observed clinical effects , it has been speculated that lavender oil may exert benzodiazepine - like action including the known dependence and abuse potential of this class of drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no evidence for such an activity was generated during the long - standing medicinal use of lavender oil , further preclinical investigations were now conducted to evaluate this potential side effect in more detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve adult , male , Sprague - Dawley rats were trained to discriminate the benzodiazepine drug diazepam ( 2 mg / kg i . p . ) from saline using a two - lever operant procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After approximately 40 training sessions the majority of rats learned the discrimination and pre - treatment with ascending doses of diazepam ( 0 . 3 - 2 mg / kg i . p . ) produced a dose related generalization to the diazepam cue .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these same animals Silexan was administered to see if animals recognized the drug as \" diazepam - like \" i . e . generalized to diazepam or \" saline - like \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silexan tested at doses 3 - 30 mg / kg i . p . produced almost exclusively ( > 90 % ) saline - like responding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also there was no effect of Silexan on response rate , i . e . rate of lever pressing , at any dose suggesting that the test article is well tolerated and does not exert a sedating effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sum , Silexan has no diazepam - like interoceptive property in adult , male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that Silexan does not share the potential of benzodiazepines to induce the development of tolerance , dependence and addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of phenylpropanoids with 5 - fluorouracil as anti - cancer agents against human cervical cancer ( HeLa ) cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpropanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination therapy is the most effective treatment strategy in cancer to overcome drug toxicity and drug induced resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of eight phenylpropanoids in combination with 5 - fluorouracil against the cervical cancer cells ( HeLa ) is reported here .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpropanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic activity of these phenylpropanoids against HeLa cells is in the order of eugenol > ferulic > cinnamic > caffeic > chlorogenic > p - coumaric > 3 , 4 - dimethoxycinnamic > 2 , 4 , 5 - trimethoxycinnamic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpropanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "eugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "ferulic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "cinnamic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "caffeic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "p - coumaric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dimethoxycinnamic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 182]}, {"entity": "2 , 4 , 5 - trimethoxycinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eugenol , ferulic and caffeic acids interacted synergistically with the drug , in bringing about a reduction in the amount of the latter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ferulic and caffeic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry results indicated that the combination of eugenol and 5 - fluorouracil increased the number of cells in the S and G2 / M phases when compared to treatment with the individual compounds alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "eugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates that they possess different cell cycle targets and induce apoptosis in the cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro hemolytic activity of phenylpropanoids on human erythrocytes showed that the compounds possessed minimum amount of hemolytic activity , indicating that they can be used as drugs without causing adverse toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpropanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D - quantitative structure activity relationship studies indicate the importance of electrostatic region near the substitutions present in the benzene ring and near the double bond of the compounds for anticancer and hemolytic activities , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The models derived had good statistical predictive capability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the interactions between metabolites isolated from Achyrocline satureioides in relation to its antibacterial activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of our ongoing research on the antibacterial activity of Achyrocline satureioides , this study seeks to better understand the interactions between the metabolites isolated from this plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , the combined effect of 23 - methyl - 6 - O - desmethylauricepyrone ( 1 ) , quercetin ( 2 ) and 3 - O - methylquercetin ( 3 ) , obtained through bioguided fractionation from A . satureioides ethanol extract , was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "23 - methyl - 6 - O - desmethylauricepyrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 85]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "3 - O - methylquercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 137]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In first place , the antibacterial effect of the combination of flavonols 2 and 3 was assessed , as these showed individual effectiveness lower than or equal to that of the fraction from which they were obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the flavonols were applied together at concentrations below their minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) values , a synergistic effect ( FICI < 0 . 30 ) against S . aureus was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , compounds 2 and 3 in combination reduced 1000 times the MIC of compound 1 , showing a clear synergistic interaction ( FICI < 0 . 15 ) in treatments against the Gram ( + ) bacterium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active combination against E . coli showed an additive interaction ( FICI < 0 . 62 ) between the three assayed compounds 1 - 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated the existence of concerted action between these metabolites , evidence of the importance of the synergistic interactions between the components of plant - derived extracts for the control of pathogenic bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH - responsive composite microspheres based on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticle for drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH - responsive composite microspheres , consisting of a core of Fe3O4 nanoparticle , a sandwiched layer of mesoporous silica and a shell of crosslinked poly ( methacrylic acid ) ( PMAA ) , were successfully synthesized via distillation precipitation polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "poly ( methacrylic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 178]}, {"entity": "PMAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pKa of the composite microsphere increased with the increase in the crosslinking density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin hydrochloride ( DOX ) was applied as a model drug , and the behavior of drug storage / release was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative release of DOX - loaded composite microsphere in vitro showed that the drug release rate was much faster below its pKa than that of above its pKa .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because pH of most tumor tissues was lower than that of normal tissues , the pH - responsive composite microspheres are promising drug delivery system especially for cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of antagonists of WNT and BMP signaling after non - rigid fixation of osteotomies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delayed fracture healing and non - unions represent rare but severe complications in orthopedic surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further knowledge on the mechanisms of the bone repair process and of the development of a pseudoarthrosis is essential to predict and prevent impaired healing of fractures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed at elucidating differences in gene expression during the repair of rigidly and non - rigidly fixed osteotomies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , the MouseFix (TM) and the FlexiPlate (TM) systems ( AO Development Institute , Davos , CH ) , allowing the creation of well defined osteotomies in mouse femora , were employed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A time course following the healing process of the osteotomy was performed and bones and periimplant tissues were analyzed by high - resolution X - ray , MicroCT and by histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the assessment of gene expression , Low Density Arrays ( LDA ) were done .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animals with rigid fixation , X - ray and MicroCT revealed healing of the osteotomy within 3 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the FlexiPlate (TM) system , the osteotomy was still visible by X - ray after 3 weeks and a stabilizing cartilaginous callus was formed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4 . 5 weeks , the callus was remodeled and the osteotomy was , on a histological level , healed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression studies revealed levels of transcripts encoding proteins associated with inflammatory processes not to be altered in tissues from bones with rigid and non - rigid fixation , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of transcripts encoding proteins of the extracellular matrix and essential for bone cell functions were not increased in the rigidly fixed group when compared to controls without osteotomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the FlexiPlate (TM) group , levels of transcripts encoding the same set of genes were significantly increased 3 weeks after surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of transcripts encoding BMPs and BMP antagonists was increased after 3 weeks in repair tissues from bones fixed with FlexiPlate (TM) , as were inhibitors of the WNT signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little changes only were detected in transcript levels of tissues from rigidly fixed bones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data of the present study suggest that rigid fixation enables accelerated healing of an experimental osteotomy as compared to non - rigid fixation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in the healing process after non - rigid fixation are accompanied by an increase in the levels of transcripts encoding inhibitors of osteogenic pathways and , probably as a consequence , by temporal changes in bone matrix synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microstructured , functional PVA hydrogels through bioconjugation with oligopeptides under physiological conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , bioconjugation techniques are developed to achieve peptide functionalization of poly ( vinyl alcohol ) , PVA , as both a polymer in solution and within microstructured physical hydrogels , in both cases under physiological conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 117]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PVA is unique in that it is one of very few polymers with excellent biocompatibility and safety and has FDA approval for clinical uses in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , decades of development have documented only scant opportunities in bioconjugation with PVA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , materials derived thereof fail to answer the call for functional biomaterials for advanced cell culture and tissue engineering applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address these limitations , PVA is synthesized with terminal thiol groups and conjugated with thiolated peptides using PVA in solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , microstructured , surface - adhered PVA physical hydrogels are assembled , the available conjugation sites within the hydrogels are quantified , and quantitative kinetic data are collected on peptide conjugation to the hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of bioconjugation in the gel phase is quantified through the use of a cell - adhesive peptide and visualization of cell adhesion on PVA hydrogels as cell culture substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the presented data establish a novel paradigm in bioconjugation and functionalization of PVA physical hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coupled with an excellent safety profile of PVA , these results deliver a superior biomaterial for diverse biomedical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel Three - Dimensional Nanoporous Alumina as a Template for Hierarchical TiO2 Nanotube Arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alumina", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical micro - / nano - structures made easy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using extremely rough , chemically etched microstructured aluminium foils , anodization in phosphoric acid under very harsh conditions , e . g . , 10 wt % phosphoric acid and room temperature , can be repeatedly accomplished without suffering from breakdown .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "phosphoric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "phosphoric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , an alumina membrane with a three - dimensionally distributed nanopore structure is formed , which can be used as a general template to fabricate hierarchical micro - / nano - structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of hybrid approach based on empirical and physiological concept for predicting pharmacokinetics in humans - - usefulness of exponent on prospective evaluation of predictability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed a hybrid method for predicting plasma concentration - time curves in humans by integrating species differences in in vitro intrinsic clearance ( CL ( int ) ) into the Dedrick approach based on the allometry concept .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With prediction of clearance ( CL ) by allometric scaling , taking in vitro CL ( int ) into consideration improved the accuracy and reduced the average fold error from 2 . 72 to 1 . 99 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the hybrid approach of applying the same concept to the Dedrick approach , the predictability of plasma concentration profiles was compared with the results of the conventional Dedrick approach and the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model using 15 compounds with widely ranging physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hybrid approach showed the highest predictability among the examined methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For CL and the apparent volume of distribution at the steady state ( V ( ss ) ) , the relationship between the exponent of allometric equation and fold error was also evaluated with the hybrid approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship appeared to be a horseshoe curve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six compounds with exponents ranging from 0 . 7 to 1 . 1 for both CL and V ( ss ) [ antipyrine , caffeine , epiroprim , propafenone , theophylline , and verapamil ] displayed higher predictability .", "entity": [{"entity": "antipyrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "epiroprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "propafenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three compounds with an exponent ranging from 0 . 7 to 1 . 1 for CL showed better predictability for CL , and the other four compounds appeared to display similar relationship between the exponent and predictability for V ( ss ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicated that the exponent becomes a preliminary index to speculate on predictability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of the hybrid approach and exponent allows us to prospectively draw human plasma concentration - time curves , with the implication of possible prediction accuracy prior to clinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of Sutherlandia frutescens for herb - drug interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Africa , Sutherlandia frutescens is a popular medicinal herb widely consumed by people living with human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant use with antiretroviral drugs has generated concerns of herb - drug interaction ( HDI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the inhibitory effects of the crude extracts of S . frutescens on the major cytochrome P450 isozymes with the use of pooled human liver microsomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its effect on the metabolic clearance of midazolam using cryopreserved hepatocytes was also monitored .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of S . frutescens to inhibit human ATP - binding cassette transporters ( P - gp and BCRP ) and the human organic anion transporting polypeptide ( OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 ) activity was assessed using cell lines overexpressing the transporter proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . frutescens showed inhibitory potency for CYP1A2 ( IC ( 50 ) = 41 . 0 micro g / ml ) , CYP2A6 ( IC ( 50 ) = 160 micro g / ml ) , CYP2B6 ( IC ( 50 ) = 20 . 0 micro g / ml ) , CYP2C8 ( IC ( 50 ) = 22 . 4 micro g / ml ) , CYP2C9 ( IC ( 50 ) = 23 . 0 micro g / ml ) , CYP2C19 ( IC ( 50 ) = 35 . 9 micro g / ml ) , and CYP3A4 / 5 ( IC ( 50 ) = 17 . 5 micro g / ml [ with midazolam1 ' - hydroxylation ] ; IC ( 50 ) = 28 . 3 micro g / ml [ with testosterone 6 beta - hydroxylation ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 379]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [441, 453]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - dependent ( irreversible ) inhibition by S . frutescens was observed for CYP3A4 / 5 ( K ( I ) = 296 micro g / ml , k ( inact ) = 0 . 063 min ( - 1 ) ) under the conditions of this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . frutescens also delays the production of midazolam metabolites in the hepatocytes , decreasing its clearance by 40 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , S . frutescens inhibited P - gp ( IC ( 50 ) = 324 . 8 micro g / ml ) , OATP1B1 ( IC ( 50 ) = 10 . 4 micro g / ml ) , and OATP1B3 ( IC ( 50 ) = 6 . 6 micro g / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result indicates the potential for HDI between S . frutescens and the substrates of the affected enzymes , if sufficient in vivo concentration of the extract is attained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Burial of the polymorphic residue 129 in amyloid fibrils of prion stop mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Misfolding of the natively alpha - helical prion protein into a beta - sheet rich isoform is related to various human diseases such as Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease and Gerstmann - Str a ussler - Scheinker syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , the disease phenotype is modified by a methionine / valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "valine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a combination of hydrogen / deuterium exchange coupled to NMR spectroscopy , hydroxyl radical probing detected by mass spectrometry , and site - directed mutagenesis , we demonstrate that stop mutants of the human prion protein have a conserved amyloid core .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "deuterium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 129 residue is deeply buried in the amyloid core structure , and its mutation strongly impacts aggregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together the data support a critical role of the polymorphic residue 129 of the human prion protein in aggregation and disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioresorbable surface - adhered enzymatic microreactors based on physical hydrogels of poly ( vinyl alcohol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogel biomaterials based on poly ( vinyl alcohol ) , PVA , have an extensive history of biomedical applications , yet in their current form suffer from significant shortcomings , such as a lack of mechanism of biodegradation and poor opportunities in controlled drug release .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate physical hydrogels of PVA as surface - adhered materials and present biodegradable matrices equipped with innovative tools in substrate - mediated drug release .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toward the final goal , PVA chains with narrow polydispersities ( 1 . 1 - 1 . 2 ) and molecular weights of 5 , 10 , and 28 kDa are synthesized via controlled radical polymerization ( RAFT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These molecular weights are shown to be suitably high to afford robust hydrogel matrices and at the same time suitably low to allow gradual erosion of the hydrogels with kinetics of degradation controlled via polymer macromolecular characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For opportunities in controlled drug release , hydrogels are equipped with enzymatic cargo to achieve an in situ conversion of externally added prodrug into a final product , thus giving rise to surface - adhered enzymatic microreactors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogel - mediated enzymatic activity was investigated as a function of polymer molecular weight and concentration of solution taken for assembly of hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , we present , to the best of our knowledge , the first example of bioresorbable physical hydrogel based on PVA with engineered opportunities in substrate - mediated enzymatic activity and envisioned utility in surface - mediated drug delivery and tissue engineering .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catechol - initiated polyethers : multifunctional hydrophilic ligands for PEGylation and functionalization of metal oxide nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "polyethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bifunctional CA - PEG ( catechol - poly ( ethylene glycol ) ) and multifunctional CA - PEG - PGA / PEVGE ( poly ( glycidyl amine ) / poly ( ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether ) ) ligands for the functionalization and solubilization of nanoparticles are introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 59]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "PGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "PEVGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "poly ( glycidyl amine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 130]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tunable polymers with polydispersities < 1 . 25 and molecular weights in the range 500 - 7700 g mol ( - 1 ) containing a catechol moiety for conjugation to metal oxide nanoparticles were prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functional PEG ligands were synthesized starting from the acetonide - protected catechol initiator 2 , 2 - dimethyl - 1 , 3 - benzodioxole - 5 - propanol ( CA - OH ) for oxyanionic polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - dimethyl - 1 , 3 - benzodioxole - 5 - propanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 157]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA - OH was used both for homopolymerization of ethylene oxide ( EO ) as well as copolymerization with functional epoxides N , N - diallyl glycidyl amine ( DAGA ) , releasing primary amino groups and ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether ( EVGE ) , exhibiting a double bond for click - type reactions , to generate CA - PEG and CA - PEG - PGA / PEVGE .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "ethylene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "epoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "N , N - diallyl glycidyl amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 153]}, {"entity": "DAGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}, {"entity": "primary amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 188]}, {"entity": "ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 236]}, {"entity": "EVGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 243]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 322]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 335]}, {"entity": "PGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 341]}, {"entity": "PEVGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate the potential of the functional ligands by binding to MnO nanoparticles , rendering the PEGylated nanoparticles highly stable in aqueous environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , addressability of the functional groups has been proven , for example , by coupling with fluoresceine isothiocyanate ( FITC ) , to allow for optical monitoring of the nanoparticle fate in biological systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoresceine isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 130]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New chemotherapeutic strategies against malaria , leishmaniasis and trypanosomiases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the persistent lack of suitable vaccines , chemotherapy remains the only option for the treatment of patients infected by protozoan parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , most available antiparasitic drugs have serious disadvantages , ranging from high cost and poor compliance to high toxicity and rapid induction of resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent decades basic research laboratories identified a considerable number of promising new molecules , but their development has not been pursued in depth by pharmaceutical firms because of poor prospects of economic return .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The establishment of adequately funded public - private partnerships is currently reversing the trend .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review deals with new drugs against Plasmodium , Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites , focusing on the molecules that are in the most advanced stage of development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a panoramic view of the updated literature on the challenges and strategies of contemporary antiprotozoal drug research , paying the due attention to the already published reviews .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New molecular and cellular targets for chemoprevention and treatment of skin tumors by plant polyphenols : a critical review .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the incidence of skin tumors has been steadily growing , there is an urgent need for the preventive measures as well as the improved therapeutic approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last two decades , natural plant derived polyphenols ( PPs , resveratrol , silibinin , green tea polyphenols , flavonoids , anthocyanins , etc . ) have been drawing particular interest as emerging active substances in dermatological / cosmeceutical compositions for the prevention , slowing , or reversion of skin tumorigenesis ( chemoprevention ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "silibinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When chronically applied to the skin , they supposedly would not damage normal skin cells or negatively affect their functions while they would suppress tumorigenic cell transformation , inhibit tumor cell proliferation , and activate tumor cell apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPs are also reported to synergize with conventional anti - cancer therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major aim of this critical review is to provide recent updates on the molecular and cellular targets for the prevention and therapy of skin tumors with a special focus on the crossroad between inflammation and carcinogenesis as the most promising approach to chemoprevention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel therapeutic targets as different as epidermal stem cells , cellular senescence , epigenetic enzymes involved in carcinogenesis , epidermal growth factor and aryl hydrocarbon receptors , and metabolic CYP1 subfamily enzymes are highlighted .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms of PPs interaction with these molecular and cellular targets are reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feasibility of PPs to prevent / cure specific cutaneous toxicity connected to anti - EGFR therapy and to reduce multidrug resistance of skin tumors is also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchicine semisynthetics : chemotherapeutics for cancer ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrogen - containing bioactive alkaloids of plant origin play a significant role in human health and medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several semisynthetic antimitotic alkaloids are successful in anticancer drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gloriosa superba biosynthesizes substantial quantities of colchicine , a bioactive molecule for gout treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colchicine also has antimitotic activity , preventing growth of cancer cells by interacting with microtubules , which could lead to the design of better cancer therapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , several colchicine semisynthetics are less toxic than colchicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research is being conducted on effective , less toxic colchicine semisynthetic formulations with potential drug delivery strategies directly targeting multiple solid cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews the dynamic state of anticancer drug development from colchicine semisynthetics and natural colchicine production and briefly discusses colchicine biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial plant metabolites : structural diversity and mechanism of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microbial infectious diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been estimated that microbial species comprise about 60 % of the Earth ' s biomass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This , together with the fact that their genetic , metabolic and physiological diversity is extraordinary , makes them a major threat to the health and development of populations across the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Widespread antibiotic resistance , the emergence of new pathogens in addition to the resurgence of old ones , and the lack of effective new therapeutics exacerbate the problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the need to discover and develop new antimicrobial agents is critical to improve mankind ' s future health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant secondary metabolites ( PSMs ) offer particular promise in this sense .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant Kingdom could be considered a rich source of the most diverse structures ( e . g . there are more than 12 , 000 known alkaloids , more than 8 , 000 phenolic compounds and over 25 , 000 different terpenoids ) , many of which were proven to possess strong antimicrobial properties ( e . g . thymol , eurabienol , etc . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 301]}, {"entity": "eurabienol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many instances , PSMs can be easily isolated from the plant matrix , either in pure state or in the form of mixtures of chemically related compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is also important is that the development of bacterial resistance toward natural plant products ( that are generally regarded as eco - friendly ) has been thus far documented in a very limited number of cases ( e . g . for reserpine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "reserpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Having all of the mentioned advantages of PSMs as potential antimicrobials in mind , a major question arises : why is it that there are still no commercially available or commonly used antibiotics of plant origin ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review tries to give a critical answer to this question by considering potential mechanisms of antimicrobial action of PSMs ( inhibition of cell wall or protein synthesis , inducing leakage from the cells by tampering with the function of the membranes , interfering with intermediary metabolisms or DNA / RNA synthesis / function ) , as well as their physical and chemical properties ( e . g . hydrophilicity / lipophilicity , chemical stability ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address the possible synergistic / antagonistic effects between PSMs and with standard antibiotics , special attention has been given to the antimicrobial activity of PSM - mixtures ( e . g . essential oils , plant extracts ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , possible ways of overcoming some of PSMs molecular limitations in respect to their usage as potential antibiotics were also discussed ( e . g . derivatization that would enable fine tuning of certain molecular characteristics ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From traditional European medicine to discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer ' s disease : acetylcholinesterase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The leading Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) therapeutics to date involves inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) , which should , in principle , elevate cholinergic signaling and limit inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of the effectiveness in 20 % - 30 % of AD patients , more attention has been paid to find new anti - AChE agents from medicinal plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galanthamine , contained in the bulbs and flowers of Galanthus and related genera like Narcissus , represents a good example .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galanthamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to review the role of possible AChE inhibitors ( AChEI ) present in plants traditionally used in European medicine for improving memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting from Galanthamine , properties of Melissa species , Salvia officinalis , Arnica chamissonis and Ruta graveolens are discussed to point to the role of these plants as potential sources for the development of therapeutic agents for AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galanthamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preclinical profile of bacopasides from Bacopa monnieri ( BM ) as an emerging class of therapeutics for management of chronic pains .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacopasides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic pains management costs billions of dollars in medical exchequer to the world population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , 77 % of people with chronic pains also have a degree of medically treatable depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opioids have a narrower safety index due to their side effects associated with its tolerance , hyperalgesia and subsequent dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , non steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs and anticonvulsants , also have limited safety and tolerability profile in the management of chronic pains .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroidal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacopa monnieri , a renowned ayurvedic medicine has a strong antidepressant effect and significant antinociceptive effect , which is comparable to the effect of morphine via adenosinergic , opioidergic , and adrenergic mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BM has been also reported to be effective in neuropathic pains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it has a strong anti - inflammatory effect mediated via COX - 2 inhibitory mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from its effect of augmenting morphine analgesia , BM also inhibits opioid - withdrawal induced hyperalgesia , and acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BM is reported to have a strong protective effect against toxic effects of opiates on major organs like brain , kidneys and heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BM is well documented to be safe and well tolerated herbal therapy in multiple clinical trials including various age groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This minireview evaluated the preclinical data that highlights potential of BM as a future candidate for clinical management of chronic pains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cantharidin as an antitumor agent : a retrospective review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the progress that has been made recently in the medicinal chemistry of cantharidin , a potent antitumor agent from traditional Chinese medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thousands of analogs have been synthesized on the basis of cantharidin , a part of which shows excellent properties , in particular , norcantharidin and norcantharimide .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "norcantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "norcantharimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the enormous efforts made , the intriguing bioactivities , mechanism , indications , and their interplay are still ill - defined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review provides our up - to - date understanding in connection with the therapeutic use , mechanism , structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) and interesting properties of cantharidin analogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable development in the design of cantharidin analogs , in combination with mechanistic studies , has laid a foundation for transforming novel antitumor drugs into the clinic .", "entity": [{"entity": "cantharidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolomics analysis for biomarker discovery : advances and challenges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last decades there has been a change in biomedical research with the search for single genes , transcripts , proteins , or metabolites being substituted by the coverage of the entire genome , transcriptome , proteome , and metabolome with the \" omics \" approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emergence of metabolomics , defined as the comprehensive analysis of all metabolites in a system , is still recent compared to other \" omics \" fields , but its particular features and the improvement of both analytical techniques and pattern recognition methods has contributed greatly to its increasingly use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feasibility of metabolomics for biomarker discovery is supported by the assumption that metabolites are important players in biological systems and that diseases cause disruption of biochemical pathways , which are not new concepts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , metabolomics , meaning the parallel assessment of multiple metabolites , has been shown to have benefits in various clinical areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to classical diagnostic approaches and conventional clinical biomarkers , metabolomics offers potential advantages in sensitivity and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite its potential , metabolomics still retains several intrinsic limitations which have a great impact on its widespread implementation - these limitations in biological and experimental measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will provide an insight to the characteristics , strengths , limitations , and recent advances in metabolomics , always keeping in mind its potential application in clinical / health areas as a biomarker discovery tool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confined synthesis and integration of functional materials in sub - nanoliter volumes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a novel microchip - based approach to combine the synthesis , characterization , and utilization of different functional materials on a single platform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A two - layer microfluidic device comprising 10 parallel actuated reaction chambers with volumes of a few hundred picoliters is used to localize and confine the synthesis , while the surfaces of the reaction chambers comprise an electrode array for direct integration and further characterization of the created crystalline assemblies without the need for further manipulation or positioning devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First we visualized and evaluated the dynamics of our method by monitoring the formation of a fluorescent metal - organic complex ( Zn ( bix ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( bix )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we induced the site - specific growth of two types of organic conductive crystals , AuTTF and AgTCNQ , directly onto the electrode arrays in one - and two - step reactions , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "AuTTF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "AgTCNQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance of the created AgTCNQ crystals as memory elements was thoroughly examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "AgTCNQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we proved for first time that AuTTF composites can be used as label - free sensing elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "AuTTF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological characterization of 1 - nitrosocyclohexyl acetate , a long - acting nitroxyl donor that shows vasorelaxant and antiaggregatory effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitrosocyclohexyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 65]}, {"entity": "nitroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroxyl ( HNO ) donors have potential benefit in the treatment of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Nitrosocyclohexyl acetate ( NCA ) , a new HNO donor , in contrast to the classic HNO donors Angeli ' s salt and isopropylamine NONOate , predominantly releases HNO and has a longer half - life .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Nitrosocyclohexyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "Angeli ' s salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 111]}, {"entity": "isopropylamine NONOate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 138]}, {"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the vasodilatative properties of NCA in isolated aortic rings and human platelets and its mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCA was applied on aortic rings isolated from wild - type mice and apolipoprotein E - deficient mice and in endothelial - denuded aortae .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of action of HNO was examined by applying NCA in the absence and presence of the HNO scavenger glutathione ( GSH ) and inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase ( sGC ) , adenylyl cyclase ( AC ) , calcitonin gene - related peptide receptor ( CGRP ) , and K ( + ) channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "HNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "guanylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCA induced a concentration - dependent relaxation ( EC ( 50 ) , 4 . 4 micro M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This response did not differ between all groups , indicating an endothelium - independent relaxation effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration - response was markedly decreased in the presence of excess GSH ; the nitric oxide scavenger 2 - ( 4 - carboxyphenyl ) - 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 - tetramethylimidazoline - 1 - oxyl - 3 - oxide had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 4 - carboxyphenyl ) - 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 - tetramethylimidazoline - 1 - oxyl - 3 - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitors of sGC , CGRP , and voltage - dependent K ( + ) channels each significantly impaired the vasodilator response to NCA .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , inhibitors of AC , ATP - sensitive K ( + ) channels , or high - conductance Ca ( 2 + ) - activated K ( + ) channels did not change the effects of NCA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCA significantly reduced contractile response and platelet aggregation mediated by the thromboxane A ( 2 ) mimetic 9 , 11 - dideoxy - 11 alpha , 9 alpha - epoxymethanoprostaglandin F ( 2 ) ( alpha ) in a cGMP - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "thromboxane A ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "9 , 11 - dideoxy - 11 alpha , 9 alpha - epoxymethanoprostaglandin F ( 2 ) ( alpha )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 199]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , NCA shows vasoprotective effects and may have a promising profile as a therapeutic agent in vascular dysfunction , warranting further evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver X Receptors and female reproduction : when cholesterol meets fertility !", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of cholesterol in female reproductive physiology has been suspected for a long time , while the molecular bases were unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholesterol is the precursor of ovarian steroid biosynthesis and is also essential for fertility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the uterus , cholesterol is essential to achieve correct contractions at term , but an excessive uterine cholesterol concentration has been associated with contractility defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver X Receptor ( LXR ) alpha and LXR beta are nuclear receptors activated by oxysterols , oxidized derivatives of cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since their discovery , the role of LXR in the control of cholesterol homeostasis has been widely described .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond their cholesterol - lowering role , more recent data have linked these nuclear receptors to various physiological processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , they control ovarian endocrine and exocrine functions , as well as uterine contractility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their contribution to female reproductive cancers will also be discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will try to enlighten on the LXR as a molecular link between dietary cholesterol and reproductive diseases in women .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the future , a better comprehension of the various physiological processes regulated by the LXR will help to develop new ligands to prevent or to cure these pathologies in women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the bioactivity of aqueous extract of pu - erh tea and its fractions : in vitro antioxidant activity and alpha - glycosidase inhibitory property , and their effect on postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite abundant research that has been carried out on the potential health benefits of pu - erh tea , no consensus till now , has been reached on which constituent is mainly responsible for its bioactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the aqueous extract ( AE ) and its fraction enriched with active constituents were prepared from pu - erh tea , and their bioactivities were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that tea polyphenols ( TP ) , tea polysaccharides ( TPS ) , caffeine ( Caf ) , protein ( Pro ) , amino acids ( AA ) were accumulated in several fractions after solvent extraction despite not being separated completely .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "Caf", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , 95 % ethanol precipitate ( EP ) and ethyl acetate fraction ( EF ) possessed remarkable antioxidant activity and potent inhibitory effects against alpha - glycosidase in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , all the extracts ( 50 mg / kg BW ) showed a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) effect on postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice as compared with a model group , and the suppression of EP was not significantly ( p > 0 . 05 ) different from that of acarbose at the same dosage ( 50 mg / kg BW ) , which indicate that these fractions could be developed as potential anti - diabetic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "acarbose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - catenin regulates GnRH - induced FSH beta gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regulation of gonadotropin synthesis by GnRH plays an essential role in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The known signaling mechanisms involved in gonadotropin synthesis have been expanding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , involvement of beta - catenin in LH beta induction by GnRH has been discovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the role of beta - catenin in FSH beta gene expression in L beta T2 gonadotrope cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GnRH caused a sustained increase in nuclear beta - catenin levels , which was significantly reduced by c - Jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small interfering RNA - mediated knockdown of beta - catenin mRNA demonstrated that induction of FSH beta mRNA by GnRH depended on beta - catenin and that regulation of FSH beta by beta - catenin occurred independently of the JNK - c - jun pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Catenin depletion had no impact on FSH beta mRNA stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In L beta T2 cells transfected with FSH beta promoter luciferase fusion constructs , GnRH responsiveness was conferred by the proximal promoter ( - 944 / - 1 ) and was markedly decreased by beta - catenin knockdown .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , none of the T - cell factor / lymphoid enhancer factor binding sites in that region were required for promoter activation by GnRH .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation further corroborated the absence of direct interaction between beta - catenin and the 1 . 8 - kb FSH beta promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the mechanism for the beta - catenin effect , we analyzed approximately 1 billion reads of next - generation RNA sequencing beta - catenin knockdown assays and selected the nuclear cofactor breast cancer metastasis - suppressor 1 - like ( Brms1L ) as one candidate for further study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent experiments confirmed that Brms1L mRNA expression was decreased by beta - catenin knockdown as well as by JNK inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , knockdown of Brms1L significantly attenuated GnRH - induced FSH beta expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , our findings indicate that the expression of Brms1L depends on beta - catenin activity and contributes to FSH beta induction by GnRH .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GATA2 - induced silencing and LIM - homeodomain protein - induced activation are mediated by a bi - functional response element in the rat GnRH receptor gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GATA2 transcription factor and LIM homeodomain proteins Islet1 ( ISL1 ) and LIM homeobox 3 ( LHX3 ) are suspected to be involved in gonadotrope cell fate and maintenance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GnRH receptor gene ( Gnrhr ) , crucial for gonadotrope function , is expressed in the pituitary gland from embryonic day 13 . 5 onward , well before LH and FSH beta - subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This expression pattern together with the presence of WGATAR and TAAT motifs in Gnrhr promoter sequences suggests the involvement of early transcription factors in promoter activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , using a well - characterized transgenic mouse model , GATA2 was found colocalized with Gnrhr promoter activity in the pituitary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient transfection of Gnrhr promoter luciferase fusion constructs together with either GATA2 expression vectors or small interfering RNA in gonadotrope cell lines indicated that GATA2 , which typically acts as a trans - activator , unexpectedly repressed Gnrhr promoter activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using DNA chromatography affinity and EMSA , we demonstrated that GATA2 operates via a response element containing a peculiar palindromic GATA motif that overlaps a critical TAAT motif involved in LHX3 / ISL1 trans - activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , despite the inhibitory action of GATA2 , this element displayed a clear - cut enhancer activity in gonadotrope cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that GATA2 , LHX3 , and ISL1 interact with a Gnrhr promoter fragment encompassing this element .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trans - repressive action of GATA2 on Gnrhr promoter activity is likely balanced or even hindered by trans - activating effects of LIM homeodomain proteins via this novel bifunctional LIM / GATA response element .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a hierarchical interplay may contribute to finely adjust Gnrhr gene expression in gonadotrope cell lineage during pituitary development as well as in the adult animal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halting metastasis through CXCR4 inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastasis occurs when cancer cells leave the primary tumor site and migrate to distant parts of the body .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CXCR4 - SDF - 1 pathway facilitates this migration , and its expression has become the hallmark of several metastatic cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted approaches are currently being developed to inhibit this pathway , and several candidates are now in clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continued exploration of CXCR4 inhibitors will generate compounds that have improved activity over current candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "l - DOPA modifies the antidepressant - like effects of reboxetine and fluoxetine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "reboxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays the most widely used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRI ) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors ( NRI ) , however , these take four to eight weeks to exert their effects and each drug is efficacious only in 60 - 70 % of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to improve the efficacy of antidepressants , new drugs that also modify dopamine levels are being developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of l - DOPA administration on the effect elicited by antidepressants on serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , single - unit extracellular recordings of the noradrenergic nucleus , locus coeruleus ( LC ) , and the serotonergic nucleus , dorsal raphe ( DRN ) combined with behavioural approaches were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "l - DOPA did not modify the basal neuronal activity in either the LC or the DRN or induce any change in the modified forced swimming test .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , l - DOPA enhanced the neuronal response to reboxetine in the LC and increased its antidepressant - like effects but counteracted the effect of fluoxetine on neurons in the LC and decreased its antidepressant - like effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "reboxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity of neurons in the DRN to reboxetine and fluoxetine was not altered by the administration of l - DOPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "reboxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results indicate that l - DOPA modifies the effect of SSRI and NRI antidepressants in opposing ways .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospects for treatment of latent HIV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) have drastically improved the quality of life for people with HIV infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , owing to the persistence of latent HIV in the presence of therapy , patients must remain on therapy indefinitely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the solution to the HIV pandemic rests on the prevention of new infections and many decades of ART for the steadily expanding number of people infected worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ART is costly , requires ongoing medical care , and can have side effects , thereby preventing its universal availability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , to escape the ironic burdens of therapy , efforts have begun to develop treatments for latent HIV infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current approaches propose either complete eradication of infection or induction of a state of stringent control over viral replication without ART .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will discuss these strategies in detail and their potential for clinical development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging target - based paradigms to prevent and treat migraine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Migraine is a primary brain disorder resulting from altered modulation of normal sensory stimuli and trigeminal nerve dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders ( ICHD - 2 ) defines seven subtypes of migraine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Migraine treatment can be acute or preventive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New targeted therapies include 5 - HT ( 1F ) receptor agonists , calcitonin gene - related peptide ( CGRP ) antagonists , nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors , and ion channel antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent development is the creation of antibodies to CGRP and its receptor for migraine prevention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolving approaches of hematopoietic stem cell - based therapies to induce tolerance to organ transplants : the long road to tolerance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunoregulatory properties of hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs ) have been recognized for more than 60 years , beginning in 1945 , when Owen reported that genetically disparate freemartin cattle sharing a common placenta were red blood cell chimeras .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1953 , Billingham , Brent , and Medawar demonstrated that murine neonatal chimeras prepared by infusion of donor - derived hematopoietic cells exhibited donor - specific tolerance to skin allografts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various approaches using HSCs in organ transplantation have gradually brought closer to reality the dream of inducing donor - specific tolerance in organ transplant recipients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several hurdles needed to be overcome , especially the risk of graft - versus - host disease ( GVHD ) , the toxicity of ablative conditioning , and the need for close donor - recipient matching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For wide acceptance , HSC therapy must be safe and reproducible in mismatched donor - recipient combinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discoveries in other disciplines have often unexpectedly and synergistically contributed to progress in this area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review presents a historic perspective of the quest for tolerance in organ transplantation , highlighting current clinical approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impairment of novel object recognition in adulthood after neonatal exposure to diazinon .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that is still heavily used in agriculture , home gardening , and indoor pest control in Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the effect of neonatal exposure to diazinon on hippocampus - dependent novel object recognition test performance and the expression of the N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor and its signal transduction pathway - related genes in the hippocampi of young adult and adult mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 196]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male offspring of C3H / HeN mice were subcutaneously treated with 0 , 0 . 5 , or 5 mg / kg of diazinon for 4 consecutive days beginning on postnatal day ( PND ) 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beginning on PND 46 or PND 81 , a novel object recognition test was performed on 4 consecutive days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hippocampi were collected on PND 50 or PND 85 after the completion of the novel object recognition test , and the expression levels of neurotrophins and the NMDA receptor and its signal transduction pathway - related genes were examined using real - time RT - PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diazinon - injected mice exhibited a poor ability to discriminate between novel and familiar objects during both the PND 49 and the PND 84 tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B and the related protein kinase calcium / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase ( CaMK ) - IV and the transcription factor cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein ( CREB ) - 1 mRNA levels were reduced in the PND 50 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "cyclic AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no significant changes in the expressions of the NMDA subunits and their signal transduction molecules were observed in the hippocampi of the PND 85 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression level of nerve growth factor mRNA was significantly reduced in the PND 50 or 85 mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that neonatal diazinon exposure impaired the hippocampus - dependent novel object recognition ability , accompanied by a modulation in the expressions of the NMDA receptor and neurotrophin in young adult and adult mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of native salinity regime on grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio ) sensitivity to cadmium .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In euryhaline crustaceans , sensitivity to toxic trace metals may be linked to osmoregulation and salinity conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated if grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio ) populations from different salinity regimes differed in sensitivity to cadmium ( Cd ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grass shrimp were collected in May 2011 from two marsh sites with average salinities of ~ 3 . 0 ppt and 24 . 0 ppt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups were acclimated for 3 - 32 weeks in either their respective native salinity ( 3 . 0 ppt --> 3 . 0 ppt and 24 . 0 ppt --> 24 . 0 ppt ) , or the average of the salinities of the two collection sites ( 3 . 0 ppt --> 13 . 5 ppt and 24 . 0 ppt --> 13 . 5 ppt ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After acclimation , groups were exposed to equivalent free - ion Cd concentration ( 4 . 8 +/- 0 . 3 mg / L , Cd ( 2 + ) ) in their respective acclimated salinity to compare survival among salinity treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "Cd ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of Kaplan - Meier survival analysis indicated that 3 . 0 ppt --> 3 . 0 ppt shrimp were more sensitive to Cd ( 2 + ) than any other group ( p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , 3 . 0 ppt --> 13 . 5 ppt shrimp were less sensitive to Cd ( 2 + ) than were 24 . 0 ppt --> 13 . 5 ppt shrimp ( p = 0 . 0013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that sensitivity of grass shrimp to Cd is dependent upon the salinity during exposure , and the salinity regime from which the tested population originated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implication is that toxicity studies and risk assessments using euryhaline crustaceans should consider the salinity of test population collection sites when interpreting and comparing results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of hepatic 4 - hydroxylation of 25 - hydroxyvitamin D3 through CYP3A4 induction in vitro and in vivo : Implications for drug - induced osteomalacia .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term therapy with certain drugs , especially cytochrome P450 ( P450 ; CYP ) - inducing agents , confers an increased risk of osteomalacia that is attributed to vitamin D deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human CYP24A1 , CYP3A4 , and CYP27B1 catalyze the inactivation and activation of vitamin D and have been implicated in the adverse drug response .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the inducibility of these enzymes and monohydroxylation of 25 - hydroxyvitamin D3 ( 25OHD3 ) were evaluated after exposure to P450 - inducing drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "25OHD3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With human hepatocytes , treatment with phenobarbital , hyperforin , carbamazepine , and rifampin significantly increased the levels of CYP3A4 , but not CYP24A1 or CYP27B1 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "hyperforin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , rifampin pretreatment resulted in an 8 - fold increase in formation of the major metabolite of 25OHD3 , 4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "25OHD3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inductive effect was blocked by the addition of 6 ' , 7 ' - dihydroxybergamottin , a selective CYP3A4 inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 ' , 7 ' - dihydroxybergamottin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With human renal proximal tubular HK - 2 cells , treatment with the same inducers did not alter CYP3A4 , CYP24A1 , or CYP27B1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24R , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 was the predominant monohydroxy metabolite produced from 25OHD3 , but its formation was unaffected by the inducers .", "entity": [{"entity": "24R , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "monohydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "25OHD3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With healthy volunteers , the mean plasma concentration of 4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 was increased 60 % ( p < 0 . 01 ) after short - term rifampin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 82]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was accompanied by a statistically significant reduction in plasma 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 ( - 10 % ; p = 0 . 03 ) , and a nonsignificant change in 24R , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 ( - 8 % ; p = 0 . 09 ) levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 96]}, {"entity": "24R , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between the increase in 4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 and decrease in 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3 levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 beta , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 96]}, {"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) 2 D3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of the plasma monohydroxy metabolite / 25OHD3 ratios indicated selective induction of the CYP3A4 - dependent 4 beta - hydroxylation pathway of 25OHD3 elimination .", "entity": [{"entity": "monohydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "25OHD3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "25OHD3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that induction of hepatic CYP3A4 may be important in the etiology of drug - induced osteomalacia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonallelic homologous recombination between retrotransposable elements is a driver of de novo unbalanced translocations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - scale analysis of balanced chromosomal translocation breakpoints has shown nonhomologous end joining and microhomology - mediated repair to be the main drivers of interchromosomal structural aberrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breakpoint sequences of de novo unbalanced translocations have not yet been investigated systematically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed 12 de novo unbalanced translocations and mapped the breakpoints in nine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , in contrast to balanced translocations , we identify nonallelic homologous recombination ( NAHR ) between ( retro ) transposable elements and especially long interspersed elements ( LINEs ) as the main mutational mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding shows yet another involvement of ( retro ) transposons in genomic rearrangements and exposes a profoundly different mutational mechanism compared with balanced chromosomal translocations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show the existence of compound maternal / paternal derivative chromosomes , reinforcing the hypothesis that human cleavage stage embryogenesis is a cradle of chromosomal rearrangements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioengineered chimeric spider silk - uranium binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavy metals constitute a source of environmental pollution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , novel functional hybrid biomaterials for specific interactions with heavy metals are designed by bioengineering consensus sequence repeats from spider silk of Nephila clavipes with repeats of a uranium peptide recognition motif from a mutated 33 - residue of calmodulin protein from Paramecium tetraurelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The self - assembly features of the silk to control nanoscale organic / inorganic material interfaces provides new biomaterials for uranium recovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With subsequent enzymatic digestion of the silk to concentrate the sequestered metals , options can be envisaged to use these new chimeric protein systems in environmental engineering , including to remediate environments contaminated by uranium .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interparticle dispersion , membrane curvature , and penetration induced by single - walled carbon nanotubes wrapped with lipids and PEGylated lipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - walled carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs ) wrapped with different types of lipids and polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) - grafted lipids were simulated with lipid bilayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations were carried out with the previously parametrized coarse - grained ( CG ) SWNT and PEG force fields that had captured the experimentally observed conformations of self - assembled SWNT - lipid complexes and phase behavior of PEG - grafted lipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations of multiple copies of the SWNT in water show that all pure SWNTs aggregate , lipid - wrapped SWNTs partially aggregate , but those wrapped with lipids grafted to PEG ( M ( w ) = 550 ) completely disperse , indicating the effect of short PEG chains on interparticle aggregation , in agreement with experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting with initial SWNT orientation parallel to the bilayer surface , SWNTs wrapped with lysophospholipids and PEG ( M ( w ) = 550 ) - grafted lipids insert into the hydrophobic region of the bilayer , while SWNTs wrapped with phospholipids and longer PEG ( M ( w ) = 2000 ) - grafted lipids do not .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These indicate that SWNTs insert because of the hydrophobic interaction with the bilayer tails , but the tight wrapping of charged lipid headgroups and long hydrophilic PEG chains can weaken the hydrophobic interaction and inhibit SWNT insertion .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inserted SWNTs contact the entire tails of neighboring lipids in one leaflet of the bilayer , which disorders the lipid bilayer and induces positive curvature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that interparticle aggregation , SWNT penetration , and membrane curvature can be modulated by the SWNT - lipid structure and the PEG length .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiosynthesis and evaluation of [ (1) (1) C - carbonyl ] - labeled carbamates as fatty acid amide hydrolase radiotracers for positron emission tomography .", "entity": [{"entity": "(1) (1) C - carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "carbamates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) plays a key role in regulating the tone of the endocannabinoid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiotracers are required to image and quantify FAAH activity in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have synthesized a series of potent FAAH inhibitors encompassing two classes of N - alkyl - O - arylcarbamates and radiolabeled eight of them with carbon - 11 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - alkyl - O - arylcarbamates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 113]}, {"entity": "carbon - 11", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The [ (1) (1) C - carbonyl ] - radiotracers were evaluated in vitro and ex vivo in rats as potential FAAH imaging agents for positron emission tomography ( PET ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "(1) (1) C - carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both sets of [ (1) (1) C ] O - arylcarbamates showed good to excellent brain penetration and an appropriate regional distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ (1) (1) C ] O - arylcarbamates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatments with a FAAH inhibitor demonstrated that 80 - 95 % of brain uptake of radioactivity constituted binding of the radiotracers to FAAH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain extraction measurements showed that binding to FAAH was irreversible and kinetically different for the two classes of carbamates .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These promising results are discussed in terms of the requirements of a suitable radiotracer for the in vivo imaging of FAAH using PET .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Foams stabilized by multilamellar polyglycerol ester self - assemblies .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglycerol ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of surfactant self - assemblies in foam stabilization is well - known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the current study was to investigate the self - assemblies of the nonionic surfactant polyglycerol ester ( PGE ) in bulk solutions , at the interface and within foams , using a combined approach of small - angle neutron scattering , neutron reflectivity , and electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglycerol ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 115]}, {"entity": "PGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PGE bulk solutions contain vesicles as well as open lamellar structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon heating of the solutions the lamellar spacing increases , with significant differences in the presence of NaCl or CaCl ( 2 ) as compared to the standard solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "CaCl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorption of the multilamellar structures present in the bulk solutions lead to a multilayered film at the air - water interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ordering within this film was increased as a result of a 20 % area compression mimicking a coalescence event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , PGE foams were shown to be stabilized not only by strong interfacial films but also by agglomerated self - assemblies within the interstitial areas of the foams .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of 15N - 1H NMR relaxation in proteins by a combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation approach : picosecond - nanosecond dynamics of the Rho GTPase binding domain of plexin - B1 in the dimeric state indicates allosteric pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "15N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "1H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate picosecond - nanosecond dynamics of the Rho - GTPase Binding Domain ( RBD ) of plexin - B1 , which plays a key role in plexin - mediated cell signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Backbone 15N relaxation data of the dimeric RBD are analyzed with the model - free ( MF ) method , and with the slowly relaxing local structure / molecular dynamics ( SRLS - MD ) approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "15N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent analysis of the MD trajectories , based on the MF paradigm , is also carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MF is a widely popular and simple method , SRLS is a general approach , and SRLS - MD is an integrated approach we developed recently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corresponding parameters from the RBD dimer , a previously studied RBD monomer mutant , and the previously studied complex of the latter with the GTPase Rac1 , are compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The L2 , L3 , and L4 loops of the plexin - B1 RBD are involved in interactions with other plexin domains , GTPase binding , and RBD dimerization , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide groups in the loops of both the monomeric and dimeric RBD are found to experience weak and moderately asymmetric local ordering centered approximately at the C ( i - 1 ) ( alpha ) - C ( i ) ( alpha ) axes , and nanosecond backbone motion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide groups in the alpha - helices and the beta - strands of the dimer ( the beta - strands of the monomer ) experience strong and highly asymmetric local ordering centered approximately at the C ( i - 1 ) ( alpha ) - C ( i ) ( alpha ) axes ( N - H bonds ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - H fluctuations occur on the picosecond time scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An allosteric pathway for GTPase binding , providing new insights into plexin function , is delineated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface - scribed transparency - based microplates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transparency sheets , which are normally associated with use on overhead projectors , offer lowered costs and high amenability for optical diagnostics in microplate instrumentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative microplate design in which circles are scribed on the surface of the transparency to create the boundaries to hold the drop in place is investigated here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3D profile of the scribed regions obtained optically showed strong likelihood of affecting three - phase contact line interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During dispensation , the contact angle ( =~ 95 degrees ) was larger than the drop advancing state ( =~ 80 degrees ) due to a period of nonadhesion , where the contact angle later reduced to the drop advancing state followed by increase in the liquid area coverage on the substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was established that 50 mu L was needed to fill the well fully , and the maximum volume retainable before breaching was 190 mu L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the tilt angle needed for displacement reduced significantly from 50 to 95 mu L , this was markedly better than nonscribed surfaces , where tilt angles always had to be kept to within 30 degrees .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that there was greater ability to fill the well with smaller volumes with dispensation at the center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was attributed to the growing contact line not meeting the scribed edge in parallel if liquid was dispensed closer to it , wherein pinning reduction in some directions permitted liquid travel along the scribed edge to undergo contact angle hysteresis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence measurements conducted showed no performance compromise when using scribed transparency microplates over standard microplates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amplified fluorescent sensing of DNA using graphene oxide and a conjugated cationic polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We explore the interactions between a fluorescein ( FAM ) - labeled single - stranded DNA ( P ) , graphene oxide ( GO ) , and a cationic conjugated polymer , poly [ ( 9 , 9 - bis ( 6 ' - N , N , N - trimethylammonium ) hexyl ) - fluorenylene phenylene dibromide ] ( PFP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "FAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "poly [ ( 9 , 9 - bis ( 6 ' - N , N , N - trimethylammonium ) hexyl ) - fluorenylene phenylene dibromide ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 263]}, {"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the fluorescence change of P - GO - PFP system is dependent on the addition order of P and PFP .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When adding PFP into P / GO complex , the fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET ) from PFP to P is inefficient .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If P is added to PFP / GO complex , efficient FRET is obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be attributed to the equal binding ability for P and PFP to GO .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of time - resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy support the different fluorescent response under different addition order of P and PFP to GO .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the above phenomenon , we demonstrate a method to reduce the high background signal of a traditional PFP - based DNA sensor by introducing GO .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison to the use of single PFP , the combination of PFP with GO - based method shows enhanced sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 40 pM for target DNA detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "PFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alpha - heteroatom derivatized analogues of 3 - ( acetylhydroxyamino ) propyl phosphonic acid ( FR900098 ) as antimalarials .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( acetylhydroxyamino ) propyl phosphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 93]}, {"entity": "FR900098", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the hitherto successful derivatization of the alpha - carbon of fosmidomycin , a series of new alpha - substituted analogues was prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "fosmidomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was done by introduction of a heteroatom ( N or O ) in alpha - position to the phosphonate and using the resultant OH and NH 2 groups as a handle for appending a variety of substituents by means of several functional groups such as ether , amide , urea , and 1 , 4 - triazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 49]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 54]}, {"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "NH 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 242]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 250]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 257]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized molecules , as a racemic mixture , were assayed for their EcDXR inhibitory potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the alpha - azido - analogue and the alpha - hydroxylated analogue proved most promising , and docking experiments were performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - azido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several compounds showed high potency when assayed against Plasmodium falciparum K1 in human erythrocytes , a clear correlation between the enzyme inhibition constants and P . falciparum inhibition concentrations could not be found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Super - resolution mapping of reactive sites on titania - based nanoparticles with water - soluble fluorogenic probes .", "entity": [{"entity": "titania", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interfacial charge transfer at the heterogeneous surface of semiconductor nanoparticles is a fundamental process that is relevant to many important applications , such as photocatalysis , solar cells , and sensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we developed new water - soluble fluorogenic probes for interfacial electron transfer reactions on semiconductor nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized boron - dipyrromethene - based fluorescence dyes have one or two sulfonate groups , which confer solubility in aqueous media , and a dinitrophenyl group as a redox reaction site .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron - dipyrromethene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "sulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "dinitrophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These probes produce the corresponding fluorescent products via multiple interfacial electron transfer processes , allowing us to investigate the photoinduced redox reactions over individual pristine and Au - nanoparticle - deposited TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticles at the single - particle , single - molecule levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 206]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minimum probe concentration to detect single - product molecules on a single TiO ( 2 ) nanoparticle was found to be in the nanomolar range ( < 10 nM ) in acidic solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , super - resolution mapping of the reaction sites revealed that visible - light - induced reduction reactions preferentially occurred on the TiO ( 2 ) surface within a distance of a few tens of nanometers around the deposited Au nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result was qualitatively interpreted on the basis of plasmon - induced electron and / or energy transfer mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study provides a great deal of valuable information related to solar - energy - conversion processes that is impossible or difficult to obtain from ensemble - averaged experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembled pH - sensitive cholesteryl pullulan nanogel as a protein delivery vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesteryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A self - assembled nanogel , derived from an acid - labile cholesteryl - modified pullulan ( acL - CHP ) , was prepared by grafting vinyl ether - cholesterol substituents onto a 100 kD pullulan main chain polymer backbone .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesteryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "vinyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable nanogels are formed by acL - CHP self - assemblies at neutral pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrodynamic radius of the nanogels , observed to be 26 . 5 +/- 5 . 1 nm at pH 7 . 0 , increased by ~ 135 % upon acidification of the solution to pH 4 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEC analysis of the acL - CHP nanogel at pH 4 . 0 showed that the grafts were nearly 80 % degraded after 24 h , whereas little or no degradation was observed over the same time period for a pH stable analog ( acS - CHP ) at pH 4 . 0 or the acL - CHP at pH 7 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complexation of BSA with the acL - CHP nanogel was observed at pH 7 . 0 with subsequent release of the protein upon acidification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that stimuli - responsive , self - assembled nanogels can release protein cargo in a manner that is controlled by the degradation rate of the cholesterol - pullulan grafting moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ultrastrong nanofibrillar biomaterial : the strength of single cellulose nanofibrils revealed via sonication - induced fragmentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the mechanical strength of native cellulose nanofibrils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Native cellulose nanofibrils , purified from wood and sea tunicate , were fully dispersed in water via a topochemical modification of cellulose nanofibrils using 2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethylpiperidinyl - 1 - oxyl ( TEMPO ) as a catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethylpiperidinyl - 1 - oxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 211]}, {"entity": "TEMPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strength of individual nanofibrils was estimated based on a model for the sonication - induced fragmentation of filamentous nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting strength parameters were then analyzed based on fracture statistics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean strength of the wood cellulose nanofibrils ranged from 1 . 6 to 3 GPa , depending on the method used to measure the nanofibril width .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highly crystalline , thick tunicate cellulose nanofibrils exhibited higher mean strength of 3 - 6 GPa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strength values estimated for the cellulose nanofibrils in the present study are comparable with those of commercially available multiwalled carbon nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic activity and mechanism of action of ceftazidime and apigenin combination against ceftazidime - resistant Enterobacter cloacae .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this investigation was to examine the antibacterial and synergistic effect of naturally occurring flavonoids , apigenin , quercetin , naringenin and ceftazidime when use singly and in combination against ceftazidime - resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains by minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) , checkerboard and viable count methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mode of actions were also studied by electronmicoscopy , enzyme assay , outer and inner membrane permeabilisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that these strains were positive in the ESBL - ampC genes combination by multiplex PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings were confirmed by MICs that these strains were resistant to ceftazidime , cefepime and flomoxef at > 1024 , 16 - 24 , > 256 mu g / ml respectively , while susceptible to imipenem at 1 - 2 mu g / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "cefepime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "flomoxef", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synergistic activity was observed at ceftazidime plus either apigenin or naringenin combinations with FIC indixes between < 0 . 01 and < 0 . 27 against these strains , whereas ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid or quercetin did not exhibit synergy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 191]}, {"entity": "clavulanic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 212]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modulation of ceftazidime - resistance by apigenin or narigenin significantly enhanced the activities of ceftazidime .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "narigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 , 7 - OH group of A ring and one 4 ' - OH group of the B ring in apigenin and naringenin are important for synergistic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 7 - OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "4 ' - OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viable counts showed that the killing of ceftazidime - resistant E . cloacae DMST 21394 ( CREC ) cells by 3 mu g / ml ceftazidime was potentiated by 3 mu g / ml apigenin to low levels ( 10 ( 3 ) cfu / ml ) over 6h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronmicroscopy clearly showed that ceftazidime 3 mu g / ml in combination with 3 mu g / ml of apigenin also caused marked morphological damage of cell wall , cell shape and plasma membrane of this strain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzymes assays indicated that apigenin showed marked inhibitory activity against penicillinase type IV from E . cloacae .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results for outer membrane ( OM ) permeabilization in both nitrocefin ( NCF ) assay and crystal violet uptake showed that the combination of ceftazidime plus apigenin significantly altered OM permeabilisation of CREC compared to control or single treatment of these agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrocefin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "NCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "crystal violet", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 106]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both o - nitrophenyl - beta - D - galactoside ( ONPG ) uptake and release of UV - absorbing material concentrations results exhibited that ceftazidime and apigenin combination damaged CREC cytoplasmic membrane ( CM ) and caused subsequent leakage of intracellular constituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "o - nitrophenyl - beta - D - galactoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 45]}, {"entity": "ONPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the results , it can be concluded that apigenin and naringenin have the synergistic effect with ceftazidime to reverse bacterial resistance to this cephalosporin against CREC .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "cephalosporin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This activity may be involved three mechanisms of action by apigenin .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is on the peptidoglycan synthesis inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second mechanism is inhibition the activity of certain beta - lactamase enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third mode of action is alteration of OM and CM permeabilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apigenin and naringenin have a sufficient margin of safety for therapeutic use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , apigenin and naringenin offer for the development of a valuable adjunct to ceftazidime against CREC , which currently almost cephalosporins resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "cephalosporins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragment - based discovery of novel and selective mPGES - 1 inhibitors Part 1 : identification of sulfonamido - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamido - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase - 1 ( mPGES - 1 ) is an inducible prostaglandin E synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin PGH ( 2 ) to PGE ( 2 ) and represents a novel target for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 141]}, {"entity": "PGH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is essential to identify mPGES - 1 inhibitor with novel scaffold as new hit or lead compound for the purpose of the next - generation anti - inflammatory drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report the discovery of sulfonamido - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic derivatives as a novel class of mPGES - 1 inhibitors identified through fragment - based virtual screening and in vitro assays on the inhibitory activity of the actual compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamido - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - [ 2 - ( N - Phenylbenzenesulfonamido ) ethyl ] - 1H - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic acid ( 6f ) inhibits human mPGES - 1 ( IC ( 50 ) of 1 . 1 mu M ) with high selectivity ( ca . 1000 - fold ) over both COX - 1 and COX - 2 in a cell - free assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - [ 2 - ( N - Phenylbenzenesulfonamido ) ethyl ] - 1H - 1 , 2 , 3 - triazole - 4 , 5 - dicarboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the activity of compound 6f was again tested at 10 mu M concentration in presence of 0 . 1 % Triton X - 100 and found to be reduced to 1 / 4 of its original activity without this detergent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triton X - 100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to the complete loss of activity of nuisance inhibitor with the detergent , therefore , compound 6f would be regarded as a partial nuisance inhibitor of mPGES - 1 with a novel scaffold for the optimal design of more potent mPGES - 1 inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of potent and selective 4 - aminothienopyridines as B - Raf kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - aminothienopyridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel , potent 4 - aminothienopyridine B - Raf kinase inhibitors was designed and synthesized using knowledge - based design .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - aminothienopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 5f , and 6k exhibited not only excellent potency in both enzyme assay ( IC ( 50 ) = 5 . 1 , 16 . 6 nM ) and cellular assay ( IC ( 50 ) = 0 . 2 , 0 . 2 mu M ) , but also had an outstanding selectivity profile against other kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational consequences of dNTP pool imbalances in E . coli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of DNA synthesis depends on the accuracy of the polymerase as well as the quality and concentration ( s ) of the available 5 ' - deoxynucleoside - triphosphate DNA precursors ( dNTPs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' - deoxynucleoside - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 172]}, {"entity": "dNTPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationships between dNTPs and error rates have been studied in vitro , but only limited insights exist into these correlations during in vivo replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "dNTPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated this issue in the bacterium Escherichia coli by analyzing the mutational properties of dcd and ndk strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These strains , defective in dCTP deaminase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase , respectively , are characterized by both disturbances of dNTP pools and a mutator phenotype . ndk strains have been studied before , but were included in this study , as controversies exist regarding the source of its mutator phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "dCTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "nucleoside diphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "dNTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that dcd strains suffer from increased intracellular levels of dCTP ( 4 - fold ) and reduced levels of dGTP ( 2 - fold ) , while displaying , as measured using a set of lacZ reversion markers in a mismatch - repair defective ( mutL ) background , a strong mutator effect for G . C --> T . A and A . T --> T . A transversions ( 27 - and 42 - fold enhancement , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dCTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "dGTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , ndk strains possess a lowered dATP level ( 4 - fold ) and modestly enhanced dCTP level ( 2 - fold ) , while its mutator effect is specific for just the A . T --> T . A transversions .", "entity": [{"entity": "dATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "dCTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two strains also display differential mutability for rifampicin - resistant mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , our analysis reveals for both strains a satisfactory correlation between dNTP pool alterations and the replication error rates , and also suggests that a minimal explanation for the ndk mutator does not require assumptions beyond the predicted effect of the dNTP pools .", "entity": [{"entity": "dNTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "dNTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parametrisation of the free energy of ATP binding to wild - type and mutant Kir6 . 2 potassium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP - sensitive K ( + ) ( K ( ATP ) ) channels , comprised of pore - forming Kir6 . x and regulatory SURx subunits , play important roles in many cellular functions ; because of their sensitivity to inhibition by intracellular ATP , K ( ATP ) channels provide a link between cell metabolism and membrane electrical activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 234]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We constructed structural homology models of Kir6 . 2 and a series of Kir6 . 2 channels carrying mutations within the putative ATP - binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational docking was carried out to determine the conformation of ATP in its binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Linear Interaction Energy ( LIE ) method was used to estimate the free - energy of ATP binding to wild - type and mutant Kir6 . 2 channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons of the theoretical binding free energies for ATP with those determined from mutational experiments enabled the identification of the most probable conformation of ATP bound to the Kir6 . 2 channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of LIE parameters was defined that may enable prediction of the effects of additional Kir6 . 2 mutations within the ATP binding site on the affinity for ATP .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Achyrofuran is an antibacterial agent capable of killing methicillin - resistant vancomycin - intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in the nanomolar range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Achyrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , there is a pressing need for novel antibacterial agents against drug - resistant bacteria , especially those which have been common in our communities and hospitals , such as methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The South American plant Achyrocline satureioides ( \" Marcela \" ) has been widely used in traditional medicine for a number of diseases , including infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several crude extracts from this plant have shown good antimicrobial activities in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the search for the active principle ( s ) that confers these antimicrobial activities , we have processed the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of the plant .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the isolated compounds showed extraordinary antibacterial activities against a set of clinically relevant Gram - positive strains that widely differ in their antibiogram profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound was identified as achyrofuran on the basis of its spectroscopic and physical data .", "entity": [{"entity": "achyrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the MIC to be around 0 . 1 mu M ( 0 . 07 mu g / ml ) for the reference methicillin - resistant and vancomycin - intermediate S . aureus strain NRS402 .", "entity": [{"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , nanomolar concentrations of achyrofuran killed 10 ( 6 ) bacteria within 12 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "achyrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the presence of the 2 , 2 ' - biphenol core , we further studied whether achyrofuran killed bacteria through a mechanism of action similar to that reported for the naturally occurring antibiotic MC21 - A .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 ' - biphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "achyrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "MC21 - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , we found that achyrofuran was not bacteriolytic by itself although it greatly compromised membrane impermeability as determined by increased SYTOX Green uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "achyrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "SYTOX Green", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - tumor and anti - metastatic actions of wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots through anti - lymphangiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor growth and metastasis are associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) or VEGF - C in tumors , and the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) - 2 or VEGFR - 3 in vascular endothelial cells or lymphatic endothelial cells ( LECs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor - associated macrophages ( TAMs ) play an important role in tumor lymphangiogenesis , and consequently stimulate metastasis through the lymphatic system to lymph nodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the effects of wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis roots on tumor growth and metastasis using a highly metastatic model in osteosarcoma LM8 - bearing mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wogonin ( 25 and 50 mg / kg , twice daily ) reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lung , liver and kidney , angiogenesis ( CD31 - positive cells ) , lymphangiogenesis ( LYVE - 1 - positive cells ) , and TAM ( F4 / 80 - positive cell ) numbers in the tumors of LM8 - bearing mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wogonin ( 10 - 100 mu M ) also inhibited increases in IL - 1 beta production and cyclooxygenase ( COX ) - 2 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in THP - 1 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wogonin had no effect on VEGF - C production in LM8 cells , or VEGFR - 3 expression in human lymphatic endothelial cells ( HLECs ) , however , it inhibited VEGF - C - induced VEGFR - 3 phosphorylation in HLECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - tumor and anti - metastatic actions of wogonin may be associated with the inhibition of VEGF - C - induced lymphangiogenesis through a reduction in VEGF - C - induced VEGFR - 3 phosphorylation by the inhibition of COX - 2 expression and IL - 1 beta production in TAMs .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginkgo biloba leaves extract ( EGb 761 ) attenuates lipopolysaccharide - induced acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and NF - kappa B - dependent matrix metalloproteinase - 9 pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute lung injury ( ALI ) presents high mortality and morbidity clinically and by far no effective preventive strategy has been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves , EGb 761 , is a complex mixture that possesses several clinical beneficial effects such as anti - oxidation , anti - inflammation , anti - tumor , and cardioprotective property .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With EGb 761 pretreatment , both lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced protein leakage and neutrophil infiltration , and LPS - induced inflammatory responses including increased myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity , lipid peroxidation , and metalloproteinase ( MMP ) - 9 activity , were inhibited ; LPS - suppressed activation of antioxidative enzymes ( AOE ) were reversed ; and not only the phosphorylation of NF - kappa B but also the degradation of its inhibitor , I kappa B , were suppressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that the protection mechanism of EGb 761 is by inhibition of NF kappa B activation , possibly via the up - regulation of antioxidative enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More studies are needed to further evaluate whether EGb 761 is a suitable candidate as an effective dietary strategy to reduce the incidence of endotoxin - induced ALI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery , engineering and characterisation of a highly potent anti - human IL - 13 fab fragment designed for administration by inhalation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the discovery , engineering and characterisation of a highly potent anti - human interleukin ( IL ) - 13 Fab fragment designed for administration by inhalation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lead candidate molecule was generated via a novel antibody discovery process , and the selected IgG variable region genes were successfully humanised and reformatted as a human IgG gamma 1 Fab fragment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the biophysical properties of a selection of humanised Fab fragments in a number of assays allowed us to select the molecule with the optimal stability profile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting lead candidate , CA652 . g2 Fab , was shown to have comparable activity to the parental IgG molecule in a range of in vitro assays and was highly stable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following nebulisation using a mesh nebuliser , CA652 . g2 Fab retained full binding affinity , functional neutralisation potency and structural integrity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epitope mapping using solution nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the antibody bound to the region of human IL - 13 implicated in the interaction with IL - 13R alpha 1 and IL - 13R alpha 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work described here resulted in the discovery and design of CA652 . g2 human gamma 1 Fab , a highly stable and potent anti - IL - 13 molecule suitable for delivery via inhalation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - phenylethyl isothiocyanate reverses platinum resistance by a GSH - dependent mechanism in cancer cells with epithelial - mesenchymal transition phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - phenylethyl isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platinum ( Pt ) - based chemotherapy is an important regimen in the clinical treatment of cancer , but development of drug resistance presents a major challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One key mechanism involved in resistance to Pt drugs is the decrease of intracellular Pt due to the drug efflux through the glutathione ( GSH ) - mediated export , and this is particularly significant in cancer cells with stem - cell like properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we showed that two Pt - resistant human cancer cell lines exhibited stem - cell like EMT properties , had high cellular GSH and accumulated significantly less cellular Pt compared to their parental cells , and failed to undergo apoptosis when exposed to Pt at the drug concentrations toxic to the parental cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 193]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , we found that the natural compound beta - phenylethyl isothiocyanate ( PEITC ) was able to effectively abolish this drug resistant mechanism by effective depletion of cellular GSH , leading to a significant increase in cellular Pt as well as DNA - bound Pt .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - phenylethyl isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 82]}, {"entity": "PEITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 244]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of PEITC and Pt showed a striking synergistic anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo , as evidenced by an increase in drug - induced apoptosis , a loss of colony formation capacity , and significant suppression of tumor growth in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our study shows a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance to platinum - based chemotherapy and may potentially have broad implications in clinical treatment of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis by substituted cysteine scanning mutagenesis of the fourth transmembrane domain of the CXCR4 receptor in its inactive and active state .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemokine SDF - 1 ( CXCL12 ) selectively binds to CXCR4 , a member of the G protein - coupled receptor ( GPCR ) superfamily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we used the substituted - cysteine accessibility method ( SCAM ) to identify specific residues of the fourth transmembrane domain ( TM4 ) that contribute to the formation of the binding pocket of CXCR4 in its inactive and active state .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We successively substituted each residue from E179 ( ( 4 . 68 ) ) to K154 ( ( 4 . 43 ) ) with cysteine and expressed the mutants in COS - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant receptors were then alkylated with methanethiosulfonate - ethylammonium ( MTSEA ) , and binding inhibition was monitored using the CXCR4 antagonist FC131 [ cyclo ( - D - Tyr ( 1 ) - Arg ( 2 ) - Arg ( 3 ) - Nal ( 4 ) - Gly ( 5 ) - ) ] , which displays anti - HIV activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanethiosulfonate - ethylammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 78]}, {"entity": "MTSEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "FC131", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 160]}, {"entity": "cyclo ( - D - Tyr ( 1 ) - Arg ( 2 ) - Arg ( 3 ) - Nal ( 4 ) - Gly ( 5 ) - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTSEA treatment resulted in a significant reduction of FC131 binding to D171C ( ( 4 . 60 ) ) and P170C ( ( 4 . 59 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTSEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "FC131", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess TM4 accessibility in an active state of CXCR4 , TM4 cysteine mutants were transposed within the constitutively active mutant N119S ( ( 3 . 35 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTSEA treatment of TM4 mutants N119S - S178C ( ( 4 . 67 ) ) , N119S - V177C ( ( 4 . 66 ) ) and N119S - I173C ( ( 4 . 62 ) ) resulted in a significant reduction in FC131 binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTSEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "FC131", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protection assays using FC131 prior to MTSEA treatment significantly reduced the alkylation of all MTSEA - sensitive mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "FC131", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "MTSEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "MTSEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accessibility of the D171C ( ( 4 . 60 ) ) and P170C ( ( 4 . 59 ) ) residues suggests that they are oriented towards a water - accessible area of the binding pocket of CXCR4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S178C ( ( 4 . 67 ) ) , V177C ( ( 4 . 66 ) ) and I173C ( ( 4 . 62 ) ) showed binding inhibition only in an N119S ( ( 3 . 35 ) ) background .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together our results suggest that TM4 and ECL2 undergo conformational changes during CXCR4 activation and also demonstrate how TM4 is an important feature for the binding of anti - HIV compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of alkenylboronic acids as neuroprotective agents affecting multiple biological targets involved in Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkenylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alkenylboronic acids have shown important biological activities that contribute to neuroprotection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alkenylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have determined their influence on the beta - amyloid ( beta A ) aggregation process , beta - secretase and acethylcholinesterase activities on cell - free systems , on the redox and lipid peroxidation status , and on the vulnerability to apoptotic death in an APPswe neuroblastoma cell line , before and after hydrogen peroxide treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have discovered that 2 - arylvinylboronic acids and some of their esters possess a set of properties which makes them highly useful as neuroprotective agents affecting multiple biological targets involved in AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - arylvinylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These properties are not paralleled by the related 2 - arylboronic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - arylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on percutaneous penetration of chemicals - Impact of storage conditions for excised human skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to international guidelines skin penetration experiments can be carried out using freshly excised or frozen stored skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this recommendation refers to data obtained in experiments with human cadaver skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , the percutaneous penetration of the occupationally relevant chemicals anisole , cyclohexanone and 1 , 4 - dioxane was investigated for freshly excised as well as for 4 and 30 days at - 20 degrees C stored human skin using the diffusion cell technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "cyclohexanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - dioxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As indicator for the impairment of skin barrier by freezing cholesterol dissolution was determined in the solvents in exposure chambers of diffusion cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the percutaneously penetrated amounts , the following ranking was determined : 1 , 4 - dioxane > anisole > cyclohexanone ( decline to a factor of 5 . 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 - dioxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "cyclohexanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences of fluxes between freshly excised and frozen stored skin ( 4 and 30 days ) were not significant ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholesterol dissolved from the skin indicates no significant differences between freshly excised and frozen stored skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that freezing of human skin for up to 30 days does not alter the skin barrier function and the permeability of chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Off - target effects of thrombolytic drugs : apolipoprotein A - I proteolysis by alteplase and tenecteplase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of thrombolytic drugs is of proven benefit in a variety of clinical conditions requiring acute revascularization , including acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) , ischemic stroke , pulmonary embolism , and venous thrombosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generated plasmin can degrade non - target proteins , including apolipoprotein A - I ( apoA - I ) , the major protein constituent of high - density lipoproteins ( HDL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim of the present study was to compare the extent of apoA - I proteolytic degradation in AMI patients treated with two thrombolytic drugs , alteplase and the genetically engineered t - PA variant tenecteplase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ApoA - I degradation was evaluated in sera from 38 AMI patients treated with alteplase or tenecteplase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , apoA - I degradation was tested by incubating control sera or purified HDL with alteplase or tenecteplase at different concentrations ( 5 - 100 mu g / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with alteplase and tenecteplase results in apoA - I proteolysis ; the extent of apoA - I degradation was more pronounced in alteplase - treated patients than in tenecteplase - treated patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , the extent of apoA - I proteolysis was higher in alteplase - treated sera than in tenecteplase - treated sera , in the whole drug concentration range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No direct effect of the two thrombolytic agents on apoA - I degradation was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to apoA - I , apoA - IV was also degraded by the two thrombolytic agents and again proteolytic degradation was higher with alteplase than tenecteplase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study indicates that both alteplase and tenecteplase cause plasmin - mediated proteolysis of apoA - I , with alteplase resulting in a greater apoA - I degradation than tenecteplase , potentially causing a transient impairment of HDL atheroprotective functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural determinants of substrate specificity in aldehyde dehydrogenases .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ) superfamily , proteins belonging to the ALDH9 , ALDH10 , ALDH25 , ALDH26 and ALDH27 families display activity as omega - aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases ( AMADHs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "omega - aminoaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These enzymes participate in polyamine , choline and arginine catabolism , as well as in synthesis of several osmoprotectants and carnitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active site aromatic and acidic residues are involved in binding the omega - aminoaldehydes in plant ALDH10 enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - aminoaldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to ascertain the degree of conservation of these residues among AMADHs and to evaluate their possible relevance in determining the aminoaldehyde specificity , we compared the known amino acid sequences of every ALDH family that have at least one member with known crystal structure , as well as the electrostatic potential surface of the aldehyde binding sites of these structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analyses showed that four or three aromatic residues form a similar \" aromatic box \" in the active site of the AMADH enzymes , being the equivalents to Phe170 and Trp177 ( human ALDH2 numbering ) strictly conserved in all of them , which supports their relevance in binding the aminoaldehyde by cation - pi interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phe170", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 162]}, {"entity": "Trp177", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "aminoaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , all AMADHs exhibit a negative electrostatic potential surface in the aldehyde - entrance tunnel , due to side - chain carboxyl and hydroxyl groups or main - chain carbonyl groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , ALDHs that have non - polar or negatively charged substrates exhibit neutral or positive electrostatic potential surfaces , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , our comparative sequence analyses revealed that the residues equivalent to Asp121 and Phe170 are highly conserved in many ALDH families irrespective of their substrate specificity - suggesting that they perform a role in catalysis additional or different to binding of the substrate - and that the positions Met124 , Cys301 , and Cys303 are hot spots changed during evolution to confer aldehyde specificity to several ALDH families .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asp121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Phe170", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "Met124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 324]}, {"entity": "Cys301", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 333]}, {"entity": "Cys303", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 346]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [396, 404]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Micelles of zinc protoporphyrin conjugated to N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide ( HPMA ) copolymer for imaging and light - induced antitumor effects in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc protoporphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 86]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We synthesized N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide polymer conjugated with zinc protoporphyrin ( HPMA - ZnPP ) and evaluated its application for tumor detection by imaging and treatment by light exposure using in mouse sarcoma model .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 55]}, {"entity": "zinc protoporphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To characterize HPMA - ZnPP micelle , we measured its micellar size , surface charge , stability , photochemical , biochemical properties and tissue distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo anti - tumor effect and fluorescence imaging were carried out to validate the tumor selective accumulation and therapeutic effect by inducing singlet oxygen by light exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPMA - ZnPP was highly water soluble and formed micelles spontaneously having hydrophobic clustered head group of ZnPP , in aqueous solution , with a hydrodynamic diameter of 82 . 8 +/- 41 . 8 nm and zeta - potential of + 1 . 12 mV .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPMA - ZnPP had a long plasma half - life and effectively and selectively accumulated in tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although HPMA - ZnPP alone had no toxicity in S - 180 tumor - bearing mice , light - irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo , similar to the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells in vitro upon endoscopic light - irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPMA - ZnPP can visualize tumors by fluorescence after i . v . injection , which suggests that this micelle may be useful for both tumor imaging and therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ZnPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe preparation of a new fluorescence nanoprobe that is useful for simultaneous tumor imaging and treatment , and application to fluorescence endoscopy is now at visible distance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo biocompatibility , sustained - release and stability of triptorelin formulations based on a liquid , degradable polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hexylsubstituted poly ( lactic acid ) ( hexPLA ) is a viscous polymer , which degrades in the presence of water similar to the structure related poly ( lactic acid ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hexylsubstituted poly ( lactic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With hydrophilic active compounds , like Triptorelin acetate , the lipophilic polymer was formulated in form of parenterally injectable suspensions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This first in vivo study toward the biocompatibility of hexPLA implants in rats over 3 months in comparison to in situ forming poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid ) ( PLGA ) formulations is presented here .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 163]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hexPLA implants showed only a mild acute inflammation at the injection site after application , which continuously regressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the PLGA formulations , hexPLA did not provoke an encapsulation of the implant with extracellular matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to the formulation application , the stability of Triptorelin inside the hexPLA matrix was assessed under different storage conditions and in the presence of buffer to simulate a peptide degrading environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 5 degrees C Triptorelin showed a stability of 98 % inside the polymer for at least 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stability was still 78 % at an elevated temperature of 40 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HexPLA protected the incorporated peptide from the surrounding aqueous environment , which resulted in 20 % less degradation inside the polymer compared to the solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "HexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This protection effect supports the use of Triptorelin - hexPLA formulations for parenteral sustained - release formulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second in vivo evaluation in Wistar Hannover rats , formulations containing 5 % and 10 % Triptorelin in the polymeric matrix released the active compound continuously for 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formulations showed a higher release during the initial 7 days , which is necessary for the clinical use to down - regulate all GnRH - receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Afterwards , a zero order drug release was observed over the first 3 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 months , the plasma levels decreased slowly but remained at effective concentrations for the total of 6 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a qualitative in vitro - in vivo correlation was observed , possibly facilitating future optimization of the Triptorelin - hexPLA sustained - release formulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptorelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "hexPLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanogel vaccines targeting dendritic cells : contributions of the surface decoration and vaccine cargo on cell targeting and activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendritic cells ( DCs ) play crucial roles in initiating and promoting immune defences , providing a pivotal target for vaccines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although nanoparticle / nanogel - based delivery vehicles are showing potential for delivering vaccines to the immune system , there is little information on their characteristics of interaction with DCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While particle uptake by DCs has been shown , the mechanism of cell targeting has not been studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is still unclear how particle surface decoration influences the handling of such vaccines by DCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , chitosan nanogels carrying a model antigen , ovalbumin ( ova ) , were analysed for interaction with and processing by DCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanogel surfaces decorated with alginate ( alg ) or mannosylated alginate ( alg - man ) , were used for targeting particular DC receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "man", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DC uptake of particles was observed , being dependent on endosomal - based processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibiting PI3 - kinase or lipid raft activities impaired the uptake , which was only reduced , indicating the involvement of more than one endocytic pathway ; notably , this was observed with both nanogel - delivered or free ova .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , surface decoration of particles was less influential on particle uptake , contrasting with the ova cargo which played the major role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such influence of the vaccine cargo has to date been largely ignored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When receptors interacting directly with ova were blocked , this altered the uptake of alg - nanogels and alg - man - nanogels carrying ova .", "entity": [{"entity": "man", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanogels did have an influential role , in that modulation of DC functional activity owed more to the nanogel structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using an in vitro restimulation assay with ova - specific lymphocytes , nanogel - delivered and free ova were similarly effective at inducing specific antibody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanogel - delivered ova with mannose surface decoration was superior to free ova for inducing interferon - gamma production by T - lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , the data demonstrates that particle - based vaccine delivery should consider the influences of both the surface decoration and the vaccine cargo ; each can influence different aspects of the interaction with DCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such combined influences are likely to impinge on the characteristics of the immune response induced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treating epilepsy in Italy between XIX and XX century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which has been recognized since antiquity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper evaluates the prophylactic and therapeutic remedies used by folk medicine to cure epilepsy in Italy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data has been collected by reviewing written sources of physicians , ethnographers , folklorists between the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach leads to unearthing of 78 heterogeneous healing methods that have been divided into 16 ( 20 % ) magical , 20 ( 26 % ) religious and 42 ( 54 % ) natural remedies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter has been subdivided into 18 ( 43 % ) animal remedies , 17 ( 40 % ) plant remedies and 7 ( 17 % ) other remedies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Religious and magical remedies were used with the conviction that they would be able to provide recovery from epilepsy and to ward off evil spirits which had taken possession of the sick .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the herbal remedies highlighted 12 ( 70 % ) plants that play or might play an important role with respect to the mechanisms that generate the epileptic seizures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads us to reconsider the historical significance of folk medicine , too often it is underestimated owing to its use of ineffective remedies , born of incompetence and superstition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food reward - sensitive interaction of ghrelin and opioid receptor pathways in mesolimbic dopamine system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ghrelin is a stomach - derived orexigenic peptide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of the study was to investigate the roles of mu and kappa opioid receptors in systemic ghrelin - mediated regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the interaction of systemic ghrelin with values of food reward , rats were exposed to food removal , regular food or palatable food after systemic ghrelin administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular dopamine levels were quantified in the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) and receptor - specific compounds were infused into the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) using dual - probe microdialysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consumption of regular or palatable food without systemic ghrelin administration induced an increase in dopamine levels in the NAc via activation of mu opioid receptors in the VTA .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic ghrelin administration ( 3 nmol , i . v . ) followed by no food induced a decrease in dopamine levels via activation of kappa opioid receptors in the VTA .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic ghrelin administration followed by consumption of regular food induced an increase in dopamine levels via preferential activation of mu opioid receptors , whereas systemic ghrelin administration followed by consumption of palatable food suppressed the increase in dopamine levels via preferential activation of kappa opioid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , natural food reward and systemic ghrelin activate mu and kappa opioid receptor pathways in the VTA , respectively , resulting in opposite influences on dopamine release in the NAc .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , systemic ghrelin induces switching of the dominant opioid receptor pathway for highly rewarding food from mu to kappa , resulting in suppression of the mesolimbic dopamine system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These novel findings might provide insights into the neural pathways involved in eating disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterisation of an mGlu8 receptor - selective agonist and antagonist in the lateral and medial perforant path inputs to the dentate gyrus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since its characterisation in 2001 , the mGlu8 - selective agonist DCPG has been widely used to explore the potential functional role of this group III mGlu receptor within the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This research has implicated mGlu8 receptors in a number of disease states and conditions such as epilepsy and anxiety , suggesting that mGlu8 - selective ligands may hold important therapeutic potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is evidence that DCPG exerts off - target effects at higher concentrations , limiting its use as an mGlu8 - selective agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have used field recordings in rat hippocampal slices to investigate the effects of DCPG in the lateral perforant path ( LPP ) , a pathway known to express high levels of mGlu8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that DCPG does inhibit excitatory transmission in this pathway , but produces a biphasic concentration - response curve suggesting activation of two distinct receptor types .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative mGlu8 - selective antagonist MDCPG antagonises the high , but not the low , potency component of this concentration - response curve .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , higher concentrations of DCPG also depress excitatory transmission in the medial perforant path ( MPP ) , a pathway expressing very low levels of mGlu8 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments in slices from mice lacking mGlu8 receptors indicate that concentrations of DCPG > 1 mu M produce large non - selective effects in both the LPP and MPP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further experiments in slices from mGlu2 , 4 and 7 knock - out mice , as well as in an mGlu2 - deficient substrain of Wistar rat , reveal that these non - selective effects are mediated primarily by mGlu2 receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our results confirm the mGlu8 - selectivity of DCPG at submicromolar concentrations , but suggest that care must be taken when employing higher concentrations of the agonist , which may additionally activate mGlu2 receptors , especially at synapses where their expression is high .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDCPG may be a useful tool in determining whether observable DCPG effects are attributable to mGlu8 , versus mGlu2 , receptor activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "DCPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organochlorines and metals induce changes in the mitochondria - rich cells of fish gills : an integrative field study involving chemical , biochemical and morphological analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organochlorines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through integrating chemical , biochemical and morphological analyses , this study investigated the effects of multiple pollutants on the gill mitochondria - rich cells ( MRCs ) in two fish species , Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus , collected from five sites ( FU10 , FU20 , FU30 , FU40 and FU50 ) in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water analyses revealed aluminum , iron and zinc as well as organochlorine ( aldrin / dieldrin , endosulfan , heptachlor / heptachlor epoxide and metolachlor ) contamination at all of the sites , with the exception of FU10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "aldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "heptachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "heptachlor epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 141]}, {"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper , chrome , iron and zinc were detected in the gills of both species , and aldrin / dieldrin , endosulfan and heptachlor / heptachlor epoxide were detected in the gills of fish from all of the sites , with the exception of FU10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "chrome", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "aldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "endosulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "heptachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "heptachlor epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish collected at FU20 , FU30 and FU50 exhibited numerous alterations in the surface architecture of their pavement cells and MRCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface MRC density and MRC fractional area were lower in fish from FU20 , FU30 , FU40 and FU50 than in those from the reference site ( FU10 ) in the winter , and some variability between the sites was observed in the summer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organochlorine contamination at FU20 and FU50 was associated with variable changes in the MRCs and inhibition of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase ( NKA ) activity , especially in P . maculatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At FU30 , the alterations in the MRCs were associated with the contaminants present , especially metals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multivariate analysis demonstrated a positive association between the biological responses of both species and environmental contamination , indicating that under realistic conditions , a mixture of organochlorines and metals affected the MRCs by inhibiting NKA activity and inducing morphological changes , which may cause an ionic imbalance .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and discrimination of snake venoms from Egyptian elapids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The avidity to the corresponding antigens is often higher than to the cross - reactive antigens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was demonstrated with the highly cross - reactive elapid Egyptian snake venoms Naja haje ( Nh ) , Naja nigricollis ( Nn ) and Walterinnesia aegyptia ( Wa ) , and used for the differentiation among the three species in a simple ELISA - based assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A three - step immuno - affinity protocol was followed and the titer and avidity of the different antibody ( Ab ) preparations were assessed and evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The advantages offered by the avidity power of the venom specific antibodies ( VS - Abs ) obtained after one step purification , outweigh the specificity of the species - specific antibodies ( SS - Abs ) obtained after further purification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficiency of the VS - Abs as special immunodiagnostics was validated using 16 venom samples collected from individual snakes of different size and age at different time intervals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The avidities of the VS - Abs to the homologous venoms were 2 . 53 +/- 0 . 4 , 2 . 66 +/- 0 . 31 and 2 . 8 +/- 0 . 06 for Nh , Nn and Wa venoms respectively ; whereas the avidity of the same Abs to the heterologous venoms could hardly exceed 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venom concentrations in the range between 10 - 1250 ng / well were detected with almost the same efficiency , an extra advantage that could be added to the assay to assure equal sensitivity allover the mentioned venom concentration range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of the natural endocrine disruptor equol on the pituitary function in adult male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "equol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equol ( EQ ) , a potent biologically active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein , interacts with estrogen receptors ( ERs ) , however , as suggested recently , EQ may also exert anti - androgenic actions in androgen regulated tissues like prostate and seminal vesicles in adult male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Equol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "isoflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "daidzein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , data regarding a putative anti - androgenic activity of EQ on pituitary function in male individuals are still lacking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we investigated the effects of EQ on androgen - and estrogen - regulated gene expressions in the pituitary and circulating luteinizing hormone ( LH ) and prolactin ( PRL ) levels in adult male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - Month - old male Sprague - Dawley rats ( n = 12 per group ) were treated by gavage for 5 days with either EQ ( 100 and 250 mg / kg BW / day ) or vehicle olive oil ( 1 ml / rat / day ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As reference compound , the pure anti - androgenic drug flutamide ( FLUT ) was employed at a dose of 100 mg / kg BW / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "flutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "FLUT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At day 5 , animals were sacrificed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of pituitary hormones and gene expression were measured by radioimmunoassays and quantitative TaqMan ( (R) ) real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present findings revealed that the pituitary mechanisms involved in the effects of EQ and FLUT were different due to the opposite changes in the mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor subtype alpha ( ER alpha ) - , truncated estrogen receptor product - 1 ( TERP - 1 ) - and - 2 ( TERP - 2 ) - , gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor ( GnRH receptor ) - , beta - subunit of LH ( LH beta ) - , and gonadotropin alpha subunit ( alpha - subunit ) genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLUT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 242]}, {"entity": "gonadotropin releasing hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 334]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EQ displayed typical ER - agonistic actions as shown by the significant increases in ER alpha - , TERP - 1 / - 2 mRNA expressions and serum PRL levels along with the significant reduction in serum LH levels , whereas FLUT exerted opposite effects on gonadotropin secretion and expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLUT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our findings are the first in vivo data that upon sub - acute oral exposure of EQ show an estrogenic effect on reproductive endocrine activity of the pituitary in adult male rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , EQ did not exert anti - androgenic effects on male rat pituitary function as observed at the levels of mRNA expression of androgen - and estrogen - regulated genes and circulating pituitary hormones .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retinoic acid biosynthesis catalyzed by retinal dehydrogenases relies on a rate - limiting conformational transition associated with substrate recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retinoic acid ( RA ) , a metabolite of vitamin A , exerts pleiotropic effects throughout life in vertebrate organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , RA action must be tightly regulated through the coordinated action of biosynthetic and degrading enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last step of retinoic acid biosynthesis is irreversibly catalyzed by the NAD - dependent retinal dehydrogenases ( RALDH ) , which are members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ) superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "NAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low intracellular retinal concentrations imply efficient substrate molecular recognition to ensure high affinity and specificity of RALDHs for retinal .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study addresses the molecular basis of retinal recognition in human ALDH1A1 ( or RALDH1 ) and rat ALDH1A2 ( or RALDH2 ) , through the comparison of the catalytic behavior of retinal analogs and use of the fluorescence properties of retinol .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that , in contrast to long chain unsaturated substrates , the rate - limiting step of retinal oxidation by RALDHs is associated with acylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer upon retinol interaction with RALDHs provides evidence that retinal recognition occurs in two steps : binding into the substrate access channel , and a slower structural reorganization with a rate constant of the same magnitude as the kcat for retinal oxidation : 0 . 18 vs . 0 . 07 and 0 . 25 vs . 0 . 1 s ( - 1 ) for ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the conformational transition of the RALDH - retinal complex significantly contributes to the rate - limiting step that controls the kinetics of retinal oxidation , as a prerequisite for the formation of a catalytically competent Michaelis complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This conclusion is consistent with the general notion that structural flexibility within the active site of ALDH enzymes has been shown to be an integral component of catalysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of human alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases by cimetidine and assessment of its effects on ethanol metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have reported that cimetidine , an H2 - receptor antagonist used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers , can inhibit alcohol dehydrogenases ( ADHs ) and ethanol metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases ( ALDHs ) , the principal enzymes responsible for metabolism of ethanol , are complex enzyme families that exhibit functional polymorphisms among ethnic groups and distinct tissue distributions .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the inhibition by cimetidine of alcohol oxidation by recombinant human ADH1A , ADH1B1 , ADH1B2 , ADH1B3 , ADH1C1 , ADH1C2 , ADH2 , and ADH4 , and aldehyde oxidation by ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 at pH 7 . 5 and a cytosolic NAD ( + ) concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cimetidine acted as competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors for the ADH and ALDH isozymes / allozymes with near mM inhibition constants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolic interactions between cimetidine and ethanol / acetaldehyde were assessed by computer simulation using the inhibition equations and the determined kinetic constants .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At therapeutic drug levels ( 0 . 015 mM ) and physiologically relevant concentrations of ethanol ( 10 mM ) and acetaldehyde ( 10 mu M ) in target tissues , cimetidine could weakly inhibit ( < 5 % ) the activities of ADH1B2 and ADH1B3 in liver , ADH2 in liver and small intestine , ADH4 in stomach , and ALDH1A1 in the three tissues , but not significantly affect ADH1A , ADH1B1 , ADH1C1 / 2 , or ALDH2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At higher drug levels , which may accumulate in cells ( 0 . 2 mM ) , the activities of the weakly - inhibited enzymes may be decreased more significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative effects of cimetidine on metabolism of ethanol and other physiological substrates of ADHs need further investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory properties of fruit juices enriched with pine bark extract in an in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium : the effect of gastrointestinal digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enrichment of fruit juices with pine bark extract ( PBE ) could be a strategy to compensate for phenolic losses during the gastrointestinal digestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A coculture system with Caco - 2 cells and RAW 264 . 7 macrophages was established as an in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium for evaluating the anti - inflammatory capacity of fruit juices enriched with PBE ( 0 . 5 g L ( - 1 ) ) before and after in vitro digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The digestion of both PBE - enriched pineapple and red fruit juice led to significant changes in most of the analysed phenolic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro inflammatory state showed cell barrier dysfunction and overproduction of IL - 8 , nitric oxide ( NO ) and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the inflamed cells , incubation with nondigested samples reduced ( P < 0 . 05 ) the production of IL - 8 and NO compared with digested samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROS production increased in the inflamed cells exposed to digested commercial red fruit juice ( 86 . 8 +/- 1 . 3 % ) compared with fresh juice ( 77 . 4 +/- 0 . 8 % ) and increased in the inflamed cells exposed to digested enriched red fruit juice ( 82 . 6 +/- 1 . 6 % ) compared with the fresh enriched juice ( 55 . 8 +/- 6 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory properties of PBE - enriched fruit juices decreased after digestion ; further research on the bioavailability of the assayed compounds is needed to properly assess their usefulness for the treatment of gut inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New mycotoxins from marine - derived fungus Aspergillus sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SCSGAF0093 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine mycotoxins including six aspergillic acid group toxins , aluminiumneoaspergillin ( 1 ) , zirconiumneoaspergillin ( 2 ) , aspergilliamide ( 3 ) , ferrineoaspergillin ( 5 ) , flavacol ( 6 ) , neoaspergillic acid ( 7 ) , and three ochratoxins , ochratoxin A n - butyl ester ( 4 ) , ochratoxin A ( 8 ) , ochratoxin A methyl ester ( 9 ) , were isolated from the fermentation broth of marine gorgonian derived fungus Aspergillus sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspergillic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "aluminiumneoaspergillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "zirconiumneoaspergillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 117]}, {"entity": "aspergilliamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "ferrineoaspergillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 169]}, {"entity": "flavacol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "neoaspergillic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 214]}, {"entity": "ochratoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 244]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A n - butyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 275]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 296]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of them ( 1 - 4 ) were new mycotoxins , and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bio - toxicity of compounds 1 - 9 were determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay with median lethal concentration ( LC ( 50 ) ) values of 2 . 59 - 205 . 67 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the first report about zirconium complex obtained from nature and ochratoxins isolated from marine environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "zirconium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "ochratoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective SYK inhibitor P505 - 15 ( PRT062607 ) inhibits B cell signaling and function in vitro and in vivo and augments the activity of fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "PRT062607", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "fludarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B - cell receptor ( BCR ) associated kinases including spleen tyrosine kinase ( SYK ) contribute to the pathogenesis of B - cell malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SYK is persistently phosphorylated in a subset of non - Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) , and SYK inhibition results in abrogation of downstream kinase activity and apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P505 - 15 ( also known as PRT062607 ) is a novel , highly selective , and orally bioavailable small molecule SYK inhibitor ( SYK IC ( 50 ) = 1 nM ) with anti - SYK activity that is at least 80 - fold greater than its affinity for other kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "PRT062607", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the preclinical characteristics of P505 - 15 in models of NHL and CLL .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P505 - 15 successfully inhibited SYK - mediated B - cell receptor signaling and decreased cell viability in NHL and CLL .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral dosing in mice prevented BCR - mediated splenomegaly and significantly inhibited NHL tumor growth in a xenograft model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , combination treatment of primary CLL cells with P505 - 15 plus fludarabine produced synergistic enhancement of activity at nanomolar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "fludarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings support the ongoing development of P505 - 15 as a therapeutic agent for B - cell malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "P505 - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dose finding study in healthy volunteers has been completed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ticlopidine , a cholestatic liver injury - inducible drug , causes dysfunction of bile formation via diminished biliary secretion of phospholipids : involvement of biliary - excreted glutathione - conjugated ticlopidine metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ticlopidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "ticlopidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiplatelet drug , ticlopidine ( TIC ) , reportedly causes cholestatic liver injuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "ticlopidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study analyzed the effect of TIC on bile formation , revealing that the biliary secretion of phospholipids was significantly decreased in TIC - administered Sprague Dawley ( SD ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the effect of TIC on biliary phospholipids was not observed in SD rats pretreated with diethylaminoethyl diphenylpropylacetate that inhibits cytochrome P450s ( P450 ) , or in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats ( EHBR ) lacking functional multidrug resistance - associated protein 2 ( MRP2 / ABCC2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "diethylaminoethyl diphenylpropylacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that glutathione - conjugated TIC metabolites ( TIC - SGs ) , which were formed in the liver after P450s - mediated metabolism and were excreted extensively into bile by MRP2 , mediated the observed alterations of the bile composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of TIC caused significant liver injuries in SD rats , with decreased biliary phospholipids , but not in EHBR , consistent with the in vitro observation that phospholipid - bile acid - mixed micelles moderated the cytotoxic effects of bile acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 196]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analyses revealed that TIC - SGs did not directly inhibit multidrug resistance 3 P - glycoprotein ( MDR3 / ABCB4 ) - mediated phosphatidylcholine efflux in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the diminished biliary secretion of phospholipids with TIC administration was restored by taurocholate infusion in SD rats , the decreased biliary concentration of bile acids , due to the stimulation of bile acid - independent bile flow driven by TIC - SGs , might have indirectly attenuated phospholipid secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "taurocholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 220]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , extensive biliary excretion of TIC - SGs decreased the biliary secretion of phospholipids , which might have increased the risk of TIC - induced cholestatic liver injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "TIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apomorphine is a bimodal modulator of TRPA1 channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apomorphine is a non - narcotic derivative of morphine , which acts as a dopamine agonist and is clinically used to treat \" off - states \" in patients suffering from Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse effects of apomorphine treatment include severe emesis and nausea , and ulceration and pain at the injection site .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wanted to test whether sensory transient receptor potential ( TRP ) channels are a molecular target for apomorphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that rTRPV1 , rTRPV2 , rTRPV3 , and mTRPV4 , as well as hTRPM8 , and rTRPM3 , which are expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons , are insensitive toward apomorphine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This also applied to the cellular redox sensor hTRPM2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , human TRPA1 could be concentration - dependently modulated by apomorphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the addition of apomorphine in the low micromolar range produced an irreversible activation of the channel , application of higher concentrations caused a reversible voltage - dependent inhibition of heterologously expressed TRPA1 channels , resulting from a reduction of single - channel open times .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we provide evidence that apomorphine also acts on endogenous TRPA1 in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from rats and in the enterochromaffin model cell line QGP - 1 , from which serotonin is released upon activation of TRPA1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study shows that human TRPA1 is a target for apomorphine , suggesting that an activation of TRPA1 might contribute to adverse side effects such as nausea and painful injections , which can occur during treatment with apomorphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human stearoyl - CoA desaturase 1 ( SCD - 1 ) gene expression is negatively regulated by thyroid hormone without direct binding of thyroid hormone receptor to the gene promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "stearoyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 104]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stearoyl - CoA desaturase - 1 ( SCD - 1 ) plays a pivotal role in an increase of triglyceride by an excess of dietary carbohydrate intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stearoyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary carbohydrates increase SCD - 1 gene expression in liver by sterol response element binding protein ( SREBP ) - 1c - dependent and SREBP - 1c - independent pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous report demonstrated that thyroid hormone ( TH ) negatively regulates mouse SCD - 1 gene promoter before SREBP - 1c was revealed .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reported that TH negatively regulates SREBP - 1c recently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in the current study , we examined whether and how TH regulates human SCD - 1 gene expression and evaluated SREBP - 1c effect on the negative regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luciferase assays revealed that TH suppresses both mouse and human SCD - 1 gene promoter activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SREBP - 1 knockdown HepG2 cells , TH still suppresses SCD - 1 gene promoter activity , and it also exerted the negative regulation under cotransfection of a small amount of SREBP - 1c .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicated that SREBP - 1c does not play the decisive role for the negative regulation by TH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The responsible region for the negative regulation in human SCD - 1 gene promoter turned out to be between - 124 and - 92 bp , referred to as site A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that TH receptor - beta is recruited to the region upon T ( 3 ) administration , although TR - beta does not bind directly to site A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , TH negatively regulates human SCD - 1 gene expression in without direct binding of the TH receptor to the SCD - 1 gene promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral RNA segments of an avian H5N2 influenza A virus : comparison with a human H3N2 virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genome of influenza A viruses ( IAV ) is split into eight viral RNAs ( vRNAs ) that are encapsidated as viral ribonucleoproteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of a segment - specific packaging mechanism is well established , but the molecular basis of this mechanism remains to be deciphered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective packaging could be mediated by direct interaction between the vRNA packaging regions , but such interactions have never been demonstrated in virions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we showed that the eight vRNAs of a human H3N2 IAV form a single interaction network in vitro that involves regions of the vRNAs known to contain packaging signals in the case of H1N1 IAV strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the eight vRNAs of an avian H5N2 IAV also form a single network of interactions in vitro , but , interestingly , the interactions and the regions of the vRNAs they involve differ from those described for the human H3N2 virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified the vRNA sequences involved in five of these interactions at the nucleotide level , and in two cases , we validated the existence of the interaction using compensatory mutations in the interacting sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron tomography also revealed significant differences in the interactions taking place between viral ribonucleoproteins in H5N2 and H3N2 virions , despite their canonical ' 7 + 1 ' arrangement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin - dependent and - independent regulation of DNA replication origin activation in budding yeast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the role of the chromatin environment in the regulation of replication origin activation , autonomously replicating sequences were inserted into identical locations in the budding yeast genome and their activation times in S phase determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin - dependent origins adopt to the firing time of the surrounding locus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the origins containing two binding sites for Forkhead transcription factors are activated early in the S phase regardless of their location in the genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results also show that genuinely late - replicating parts of the genome can be converted into early - replicating loci by insertion of a chromatin - independent early replication origin , ARS607 , whereas insertion of two Forkhead - binding sites is not sufficient for conversion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HLA - DO acts as a substrate mimic to inhibit HLA - DM by a competitive mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian class II major histocompatibility ( MHCII ) proteins bind peptide antigens in endosomal compartments of antigen - presenting cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonclassical MHCII protein HLA - DM chaperones peptide - free MHCII , protecting it against inactivation , and catalyzes peptide exchange on loaded MHCII .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another nonclassical MHCII protein , HLA - DO , binds HLA - DM and influences the repertoire of peptides presented by MHCII proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism by which HLA - DO functions is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have used X - ray crystallography , enzyme kinetics and mutagenesis approaches to investigate human HLA - DO structure and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In complex with HLA - DM , HLA - DO adopts a classical MHCII structure , with alterations near the alpha subunit ' s 3 1 0 helix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HLA - DO binds to HLA - DM at the same sites implicated in MHCII interaction , and kinetic analysis showed that HLA - DO acts as a competitive inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that HLA - DO inhibits HLA - DM function by acting as a substrate mimic , and the findings also limit the possible functional roles for HLA - DO in antigen presentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DAXX - dependent supply of soluble ( H3 . 3 - H4 ) dimers to PML bodies pending deposition into chromatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replication - independent chromatin deposition of histone variant H3 . 3 is mediated by several chaperones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a multistep targeting of newly synthesized epitope - tagged H3 . 3 to chromatin via PML bodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3 . 3 is recruited to PML bodies in a DAXX - dependent manner , a process facilitated by ASF1A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DAXX is required for enrichment of ATRX , but not ASF1A or HIRA , with PML .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , the chaperones colocalize with H3 . 3 at PML bodies and are found in one or more complexes with PML .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both DAXX and PML are necessary to prevent accumulation of a soluble , nonincorporated pool of H3 . 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3 . 3 targeting to PML is enhanced with an ( H3 . 3 - H4 ) 2 tetramerization mutant of H3 . 3 , suggesting H3 . 3 recruitment to PML as an ( H3 . 3 - H4 ) dimer rather than as a tetramer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data support a model of DAXX - mediated recruitment of ( H3 . 3 - H4 ) dimers to PML bodies , which may function as triage centers for H3 . 3 deposition into chromatin by distinct chaperones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell - based screening identifies paroxetine as an inhibitor of diabetic endothelial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have conducted a phenotypic screening in endothelial cells exposed to elevated extracellular glucose ( an in vitro model of hyperglycemia ) to identify compounds that prevent hyperglycemia - induced reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) formation without adversely affecting cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a focused library of > 6 , 000 clinically used drug - like and pharmacologically active compounds , several classes of active compounds emerged , with a confirmed hit rate of < 0 . 5 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow - up studies focused on paroxetine , a clinically used antidepressant compound that has not been previously implicated in the context of hyperglycemia or diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paroxetine reduced hyperglycemia - induced mitochondrial ROS formation , mitochondrial protein oxidation , and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage , without interfering with mitochondrial electron transport or cellular bioenergetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of paroxetine to improve hyperglycemic endothelial cell injury was unique among serotonin reuptake blockers and can be attributed to its antioxidant effect , which primarily resides within its sesamol moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "sesamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paroxetine maintained the ability of vascular rings to respond to the endothelium - dependent relaxant acetylcholine , both during in vitro hyperglycemia and ex vivo , in a rat model of streptozotocin - induced diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the current work identifies a novel pharmacological action of paroxetine as a protector of endothelial cells against hyperglycemic injury and raises the potential of repurposing of this drug for the experimental therapy of diabetic cardiovascular complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma - radiolysis - assisted cobalt oxide nanoparticle formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) nano - scale colloid particles by gamma irradiation of CoSO ( 4 ) solutions was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "CoSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solutions of 0 . 2 - 0 . 3 mM CoSO ( 4 ) at pH 6 . 0 and 10 . 6 ( air - saturated and Ar - purged ) were irradiated at an absorbed dose rate of 5 . 5 kGy h ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting concentrations of H ( 2 ) , H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) , Co ( II ) and Co ( III ) species in solution and the chemical composition and sizes of particles that were formed were measured as a function of irradiation time .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "Co ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Co ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particle formation was observed only for initially air - saturated CoSO ( 4 ) solutions at pH 10 . 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the particle formation as a function of irradiation time shows that the particles evolve from Co ( OH ) ( 2 ) to CoOOH and then to Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co ( OH ) ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 121]}, {"entity": "CoOOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The radiolytic oxidation of Co ( II ) to Co ( III ) was completed in 100 min and the chemical composition of the final particles was identified as Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 ) by XPS , Raman and UV - Vis spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "Co ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "Co ( 3 ) O ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) images show the final particles are approximately uniform in size , ranging from 8 to 20 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mechanism is proposed to explain the particle formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key factor is the low solubility of Co ( OH ) ( 2 ) in air - saturated solutions at high pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co ( OH ) ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mechanism for particle formation is compared with the mechanism previously reported for the radiolytic formation of gamma - FeOOH nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - FeOOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma electrochemistry : voltammetry in a flame plasma electrolyte .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we present detailed dynamic electrochemical measurements in a flame plasma electrolyte in the presence of tungsten oxide salts .", "entity": [{"entity": "tungsten oxide salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defined reproducible redox processes are measured using conventional cyclic voltammetry in an operational potential window between 1 and - 9 V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This wide potential window is possible due to the absence of solvent and its associated limits due to solvent electrolysis at high over potentials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurements were enabled through the development of a new reference electrode , composed of yttria stabilised zirconia ( YSZ ) which maintains a stable potential at 1100 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "yttria", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "zirconia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we focus on developing a phenomenological understanding of electron transfer at the solid - gas interface , using cyclic voltammetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of working electrode surface area and material , as well as potential scan rate on the voltammetric redox features is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the physical origin of the observed Faradaic current peaks measured in a flame plasma electrolyte , and propose a simple model to describe the redox processes occurring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that redox processes at the solid - gas interface are actually similar to the analogous processes at the solid - liquid interface described by conventional electrochemical theory ; the departures are mainly due to the mass transport processes that dominate in the gas phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We associate migration effects with the total absence of any oxidation processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parenteral nutrition - associated hyperglycemia in non - critically ill inpatients increases the risk of in - hospital mortality ( multicenter study ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia may increase mortality in patients who receive total parenteral nutrition ( TPN ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this has not been well studied in noncritically ill patients ( i . e . , patients in the nonintensive care unit setting ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether mean blood glucose level during TPN infusion is associated with increased mortality in noncritically ill hospitalized patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective multicenter study involved 19 Spanish hospitals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noncritically ill patients who were prescribed TPN were included prospectively , and data were collected on demographic , clinical , and laboratory variables as well as on in - hospital mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS The study included 605 patients ( mean age 63 . 2 +/- 15 . 7 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The daily mean TPN values were 1 . 630 +/- 323 kcal , 3 . 2 +/- 0 . 7 g carbohydrates / kg , 1 . 26 +/- 0 . 3 g amino acids / kg , and 0 . 9 +/- 0 . 2 g lipids / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who had mean blood glucose levels > 180 mg / dL during the TPN infusion had a risk of mortality that was 5 . 6 times greater than those with mean blood glucose levels < 140 mg / dL ( 95 % CI 1 . 47 - 21 . 4 mg / dL ) after adjusting for age , sex , nutritional state , presence of diabetes or hyperglycemia before starting TPN , diagnosis , prior comorbidity , carbohydrates infused , use of steroid therapy , SD of blood glucose level , insulin units supplied , infectious complications , albumin , C - reactive protein , and HbA1c levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 222]}, {"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [424, 437]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [455, 462]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [485, 492]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia ( mean blood glucose level > 180 mg / dL ) in noncritically ill patients who receive TPN is associated with a higher risk of in - hospital mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of nuclear vibrations , temperature , co - adsorbed water , and dye orientation on light absorption , charge injection and recombination conditions in organic dyes on TiO2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We study the effect of nuclear motions at different temperatures , including the effect of a dye molecule ' s orientation with respect to the oxide surface , on factors determining the performance of dye sensitized solar cells : light absorption , electron injection , and back - donation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of aminophenyl acid dyes NK1 and NK7 , differing by the electron donating group , in a vacuum and adsorbed in mono - and bi - dentate modes on a dry and a water - covered anatase ( 101 ) surface of TiO ( 2 ) , at 300 and 350 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminophenyl acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "NK1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "NK7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "anatase ( 101 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 238]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear vibrations and an increase of temperature cause a red shift in the absorption spectra of free dyes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is preserved in dyes on dry TiO ( 2 ) but largely disappears in the presence of water .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Averaged over nuclear vibrations , the driving force to injection , Delta G , differs from the static estimate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It depends on the adsorption mode and the presence of H ( 2 ) O but is almost the same for 300 and 350 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombination to the dye cation is expected to be much enhanced by the approach of the dye oxidation equivalent hole to the surface during dye wagging around TiO ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is somewhat mitigated by the co - adsorbed water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of Delta G ( t ) are explained by uncorrelated evolution of the energies of the dye excited state and the conduction band minimum of the oxide due to their respective vibrations , and are almost independent of dye orientation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may therefore be possible to independently control the conditions of recombination and of injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of LARGE2 disrupts functional glycosylation of alpha - dystroglycan in prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dystroglycan ( DG ) is a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix proteins and is involved in cell polarity , matrix organization , and mechanical stability of tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies documented loss of DG protein expression and glycosylation in a variety of cancer types , but the underlying mechanisms and the functional consequences with respect to cancer progression remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the level of expression of the beta DG subunit as well as the glycosylation status of the alpha DG subunit inversely correlate with the Gleason scores of prostate cancers ; furthermore , we show that the functional glycosylation of alpha DG is substantially reduced in prostate cancer metastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we demonstrate that LARGE2 ( GYLTL1B ) , a gene not previously implicated in cancer , regulates functional alpha DG glycosylation in prostate cancer cell lines ; knockdown of LARGE2 resulted in hypoglycosylation of alpha DG and loss of its ability to bind laminin - 111 while overexpression restored ligand binding and diminished growth and migration of an aggressive prostate cancer cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , our analysis of LARGE2 expression in human cancer specimens reveals that LARGE2 is significantly down - regulated in the context of prostate cancer , and that its reduction correlates with disease progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results describe a novel molecular mechanism to account for the commonly observed hypoglycosylation of alpha DG in prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolyl 4 - hydroxlase activity is essential for development and cuticle formation in the human infective parasitic nematode Brugia malayi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collagen prolyl 4 - hydroxylases ( C - P4H ) are required for formation of extracellular matrices in higher eukaryotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These enzymes convert proline residues within the repeat regions of collagen polypeptides to 4 - hydroxyproline , a modification essential for the stability of the final triple helix .", "entity": [{"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxyproline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C - P4H are most often oligomeric complexes , with enzymatic activity contributed by the alpha subunits , and the beta subunits formed by protein disulfide isomerase ( PDI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we characterize this enzyme class in the important human parasitic nematode Brugia malayi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All potential C - P4H subunits were identified by detailed bioinformatic analysis of sequence databases , function was investigated both by RNAi in the parasite and heterologous expression in Caenorhabditis elegans , whereas biochemical activity and complex formation were examined via co - expression in insect cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous RNAi of two B . malayi C - P4H alpha subunit - like genes resulted in a striking , highly penetrant body morphology phenotype in parasite larvae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was replicated by single RNAi of a B . malayi C - P4H beta subunit - like PDI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , however , the B . malayi proteins were not capable of rescuing a C . elegans alpha subunit mutant , whereas the human enzymes could .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the B . malayi PDI did functionally complement the lethal phenotype of a C . elegans beta subunit mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of recombinant and parasite derived material indicates that enzymatic activity may be dependent on a non - reducible covalent link , present only in the parasite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore demonstrate that C - P4H activity is essential for development of B . malayi and uncover a novel parasite - specific feature of these collagen biosynthetic enzymes that may be exploited in future parasite control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alteration of the expression of pesticide - metabolizing enzymes in pregnant mice : potential role in the increased vulnerability of the developing brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on therapeutic drug disposition in humans have shown significant alterations as the result of pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is not known whether pesticide metabolic capacity changes throughout pregnancy , which could affect exposure of the developing brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to determine the effect of pregnancy on the expression of hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of pesticides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Livers were collected from virgin and pregnant C57BL / 6 mice at gestational days ( GD ) 7 , GD11 , GD14 , GD17 , and postpartum days ( PD ) 1 , PD15 , and PD30 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative mRNA expression of several enzymes involved in the metabolism of pesticides , including hepatic cytochromes ( Cyp ) P450s , carboxylesterases ( Ces ) , and paraoxonase 1 ( Pon1 ) , were assessed in mice during gestation and the postpartum period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with virgin mice , alterations in the expression occurred at multiple time points , with the largest changes observed on GD14 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this time point , the expression of most of the Cyps involved in pesticide metabolism in the liver ( Cyp1a2 , Cyp2d22 , Cyp2c37 , Cyp2c50 , Cyp2c54 , and Cyp3a11 ) were downregulated by 30 % or more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of various Ces isoforms and Pon1 were also decreased along with Pon1 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate significant alterations in the expression of key enzymes that detoxify pesticides during pregnancy , which could alter exposure of developing animals to these chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered UDP - glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase expression and function during progressive stages of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UDP - glucuronosyltransferases ( UGTs ) and sulfotransferases ( SULTs ) represent major phase II drug - metabolizing enzymes that are also responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis by metabolism of several endogenous molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perturbations in the expression or function of these enzymes can lead to metabolic disorders and improper management of xenobiotics and endobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) represents a spectrum of liver damage ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) and cirrhosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the liver plays a central role in the metabolism of xenobiotics , the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of human NAFLD progression on the expression and function of UGTs and SULTs in normal , steatosis , NASH ( fatty ) , and NASH ( not fatty / cirrhosis ) samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified upregulation of UGT1A9 , 2B10 , and 3A1 and SULT1C4 mRNA in both stages of NASH , whereas UGT2A3 , 2B15 , and 2B28 and SULT1A1 , 2B1 , and 4A1 as well as 3 ' - phosphoadenosine - 5 ' - phosphosulfate synthase 1 were increased in NASH ( not fatty / cirrhosis ) only .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 ' - phosphoadenosine - 5 ' - phosphosulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UGT1A9 and 1A6 and SULT1A1 and 2A1 protein levels were decreased in NASH ; however , SULT1C4 was increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement of the glucuronidation and sulfonation of acetaminophen ( APAP ) revealed no alterations in glucuronidation ; however , SULT activity was increased in steatosis compared with normal samples , but then decreased in NASH compared with steatosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the expression of specific UGT and SULT isoforms appears to be differentially regulated , whereas sulfonation of APAP is disrupted during progression of NAFLD .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SERS performance of gold nanotubes obtained by sputtering onto polycarbonate track - etched membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface - enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS ) is a powerful and versatile tool for studying molecules on metallic surfaces with great impact on areas such as electrochemistry , catalysis and related subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The search for new SERS - active substrates with high performance , namely high enhancement factors and reproducibility , is currently the main focus of several research groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here is shown an alternative easy and inexpensive synthetic approach to a SERS - substrate comprised of gold nanotubes obtained by the sputtering onto polycarbonate track - etched membranes used as template .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its SERS performance was evaluated by mapping ( 10 x 10 ) mu m ( 2 ) areas and resulted in average enhancement factors that span from 2 . 3 x 10 ( 3 ) to 1 . 2 x 10 ( 5 ) with a maximum enhancement factor of 2 . 5 x 10 ( 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhancement depended strongly on the template pore diameter , with the best performance obtained when membranes with pore diameters of 400 nm were used as template .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis showed that the larger enhancements came from coalesced gold nanotubes and detection of the dye rhodamine 6G at concentrations as low as 0 . 1 nM was possible .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhodamine 6G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results put this substrate as a valuable and easy - to - fabricate tool for studying and detecting molecules on surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed methodology could be easily adapted to other metals , such as silver and copper .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advanced gecko - foot - mimetic dry adhesives based on carbon nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geckos can run freely on vertical walls and even ceilings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have discovered that gecko ' s extraordinary climbing ability comes from a remarkable design of nature with nanoscale beta - keratin elastic hairs on their feet and toes , which collectively generate sufficiently strong van der Waals force to hold the animal onto an opposing surface while at the same time disengaging at will .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertically aligned carbon nanotube ( VA - CNT ) arrays , resembling gecko ' s adhesive foot hairs with additional superior mechanical , chemical and electrical properties , have been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for advanced fibrillar dry adhesives .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VA - CNT arrays with tailor - made hierarchical structures can be patterned and / or transferred onto various flexible substrates , including responsive polymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This , together with recent advances in nanofabrication techniques , could offer ' smart ' dry adhesives for various potential applications , even where traditional adhesives cannot be used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the material properties and adhesion performances is critical to the design and fabrication of gecko inspired CNT dry adhesives of practical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this feature article , we present an overview of recent progress in both fundamental and applied frontiers for the development of CNT - based adhesives by summarizing important studies in this exciting field , including our own work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors limiting device efficiency in organic photovoltaics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The power conversion efficiency of the most efficient organic photovoltaic ( OPV ) cells has recently increased to over 10 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To enable further increases , the factors limiting the device efficiency in OPV must be identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , the operational mechanism of OPV cells is explained and the detailed balance limit to photovoltaic energy conversion , as developed by Shockley and Queisser , is outlined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The various approaches that have been developed to estimate the maximum practically achievable efficiency in OPV are then discussed , based on empirical knowledge of organic semiconductor materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , approaches made to adapt the detailed balance theory to incorporate some of the fundamentally different processes in organic solar cells that originate from using a combination of two complementary , donor and acceptor , organic semiconductors using thermodynamic and kinetic approaches are described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more empirical formulations to the efficiency limits provide estimates of 10 - 12 % , but the more fundamental descriptions suggest limits of 20 - 24 % to be reachable in single junctions , similar to the highest efficiencies obtained for crystalline silicon p - n junction solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Closing this gap sets the stage for future materials research and development of OPV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploring the polyamine regulatory site of the NMDA receptor : a parallel synthesis approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elongated structures of polyamine inverse agonists such as 1 , 12 - diaminododecane ( N12N ) and 5 - ( 4 - aminobutyl ) - 2 - thiopheneoctanamine ( N4T8N ) lend themselves to a combinatorial chemistry approach to explore a potential polyamine pharmacophore at the NMDA receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "1 , 12 - diaminododecane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 87]}, {"entity": "N12N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "5 - ( 4 - aminobutyl ) - 2 - thiopheneoctanamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 149]}, {"entity": "N4T8N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "polyamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 246]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we describe more than 100 new analogues of N4T8N obtained by breaking up the long octanamine arm into a dipeptide chain of equivalent length .", "entity": [{"entity": "N4T8N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "octanamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - phase parallel synthesis based on cross - linked polystyrene and a Wang anchor allowed the low - scale preparation of four small libraries based on the combination of two amino acid residues ( out of Gly , Leu , Phe , Lys , phenylglycine , Tyr , Trp , His , and Arg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "Leu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 217]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}, {"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "phenylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 245]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 251]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 257]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 263]}, {"entity": "Arg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained compounds were tested as modulators of [ ( 3 ) H ] MK - 801 binding to rat brain membranes and of NMDA - induced currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds with two aromatic residues acted as binding inhibitors ( inverse agonists ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds with two Lys residues acted as binding stimulators ( agonists ) and had stimulatory and inhibitory effects on NMDA - induced currents , depending on the holding potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High sensitivity of binding inhibition to spermine was conferred by a Tyr residue , whereas a His residue favored high potency at acidic pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "spermine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design strategies and applications of tissue bioadhesives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past two decades tissue adhesives and sealants have revolutionized bleeding control and wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper focuses on existing tissue adhesive design , their structure , functioning mechanism , and their pros and cons in wound management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also includes the latest advances in the development of new tissue adhesives as well as the emerging applications in regenerative medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We expect that this paper will provide insightful discussion on tissue bioadhesive design and lead to innovations for the development of the next generation of tissue bioadhesives and their related biomedical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microbial transformation of asiatic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asiatic acid ( 1 ) , a major pentacyclic triterpene of Centella asiatica , was subjected to transformation by Penicillium lilacinum ACCC 31890 , Fusarium equiseti CGMCC 3 . 3658 , and Streptomyces griseus CGMCC 4 . 18 strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "pentacyclic triterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of asiatic acid with P . lilacinum ACCC 31890 and F . equiseti CGMCC 3 . 3658 gave an identical product : 2 alpha , 3 beta , 15 alpha , 23 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta , 15 alpha , 23 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biotransformation of asiatic acid by S . griseus CGMCC 4 . 18 resulted in three derivatives : 2 alpha , 3 beta , 21 beta , 23 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ( 3 ) , 2 alpha , 3 beta , 23 - trihydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 , 30 - dioic acid ( 4 ) , and 2 alpha , 3 beta , 23 , 30 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ( 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "asiatic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta , 21 beta , 23 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 169]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta , 23 - trihydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 , 30 - dioic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 248]}, {"entity": "2 alpha , 3 beta , 23 , 30 - tetrahydroxyurs - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of those derivatives were deduced from their spectral data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Products ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , and ( 4 ) were new compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the in vitro cytotoxicities of those derivatives along with 1 were evaluated with several human cancer cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicting dislocations and grain boundaries in two - dimensional metal - disulfides from the first principles .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal - disulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guided by the principles of dislocation theory , we use the first - principles calculations to determine the structure and properties of dislocations and grain boundaries ( GB ) in single - layer transition metal disulfides MS ( 2 ) ( M = Mo or W ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "transition metal disulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 223]}, {"entity": "MS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 232]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 241]}, {"entity": "W", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sharp contrast to other two - dimensional materials ( truly planar graphene and h - BN ) , here the edge dislocations extend in third dimension , forming concave dreidel - shaped polyhedra .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "h - BN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They include different number of homoelemental bonds and , by reacting with vacancies , interstitials , and atom substitutions , yield families of the derivative cores for each Burgers vector .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall structures of GB are controlled by both local - chemical and far - field mechanical energies and display different combinations of dislocation cores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we find two distinct electronic behaviors of GB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typically , their localized deep - level states act as sinks for carriers but at large 60 degrees - tilt the GB become metallic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis shows how the versatile GB in MS ( 2 ) ( if carefully engineered ) should enable new developments for electronic and opto - electronic applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "MS ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terpenoids from Incarvillea arguta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One new monoterpenoid , ( + ) - argutoid A ( 1 ) , three new iridoids , ( - ) - incarvoid A ( 2 ) , ( + ) - incarvoid B ( 3 ) , and incarvoid C ( 4 ) , and five known compounds were isolated from Incarvillea arguta .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "( + ) - argutoid A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "iridoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "( - ) - incarvoid A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "( + ) - incarvoid B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 119]}, {"entity": "incarvoid C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were characterized by means of spectroscopic methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid - based zwitterionic poly ( serine methacrylate ) as an antifouling material .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "zwitterionic poly ( serine methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A serine - based zwitterionic poly ( serine methacrylate ) ( pSerMA ) was developed in this work to be used as a potential antifouling material .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "zwitterionic poly ( serine methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 58]}, {"entity": "pSerMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A surface - initiated photoiniferter - mediated polymerization ( SI - PIMP ) method was used to graft polymer brushes on gold surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pSerMA - grafted samples with different polymer film thicknesses were readily prepared by varying the UV - irradiation time .", "entity": [{"entity": "pSerMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the optimal film thickness , the adsorptions from bovine serum albumin , human serum , and human plasma onto the pSerMA - grafted surfaces , as evaluated by a surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) biosensor , were 1 . 8 , 9 . 2 , and 12 . 9 ng / cm ( 2 ) , respectively , comparable to the traditional antifouling material such as poly ( ethylene glycol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pSerMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 356]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pSerMA - grafted surfaces also strongly resisted adhesion from bovine aortic endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pSerMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first work to develop an amino acid - based zwitterionic polymer as an antifouling material , demonstrating that pSerMA is a promising alternative to the traditional ethylene glycol - based antifouling materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "pSerMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "ethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discriminating the endogenous and exogenous urinary estrogens in human by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry and its potential clinical value .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogens were prohibited in the food producing animals by European Union ( 96 / 22 / EC directive ) and added to the Report on Carcinogens in United States since 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to very low concentration in serum or urine ( ~ pg / mL ) , the method of control its abuse had not been fully developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endogenous estrogens were separated from urines of 18 adult men and women .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exogenous estrogens were chemical reference standards and over the counter preparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients of dysfunctional uterine bleeding ( DUB ) administered exogenous estradiol and the urines were collected for 72 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The urinary estrogens were separated by high - performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) and confirmed .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exogenous and exogenous estrogens were analyzed by gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry ( GC - C - IRMS ) to determine the ( 13 ) C / ( 12 ) C ratio ( delta ( 13 ) C /1000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "( 12 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delta ( 13 ) C /1000 values of reference standard of E1 , E2 , and E3 were - 29 . 36 +/- 0 . 72 , - 27 . 98 +/- 0 . 35 , - 27 . 62 +/- 0 . 51 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The delta ( 13 ) C /1000 values of the endogenous E1 , E2 , and E3 were - 21 . 62 +/- 1 . 07 , - 22 . 14 +/- 0 . 98 , and - 21 . 88 +/- 1 . 16 , with P < 0 . 01 ( t - test ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two DUB patients ' urinary estradiol delta ( 13 ) C /1000 values was depleted to - 28 . 02 +/- 0 . 33 after the administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The progesterone , 17 alpha - hydroxyprogesterone , pregnanediol , as well as desogestrel and ethinylestradiol from contraceptives were also determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "17 alpha - hydroxyprogesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 49]}, {"entity": "pregnanediol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "ethinylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable carbon isotope analysis can distinguish the endogenous and exogenous urinary estrogen in human .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and characterization of MIP - 1 alpha / CCL3 isoform 2 from bovine serum as a potent monocyte / dendritic cell chemoattractant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bovine serum is a rich source of cytokines and growth factors supporting in vitro cell culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a novel bovine monocyte chemotactic factor ( boMCF - 1 ) was isolated from commercial bovine serum by a four step purification procedure including adsorption to silicic acid , heparin affinity and cation - exchange chromatography and reversed phase HPLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homogeneous boMCF - 1 was characterized as a 7717Da protein by mass spectrometry and identified by Edman degradation as the predicted product of bovine macrophage inflammatory protein - 1 alpha gene ( boMIP - 1 alpha / CCL3 ) isoform 2 ( lacking three NH 2 - terminal amino acids ) , belonging to the MIP subfamily of CC chemokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "NH 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 256]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monocyte chemotactic activity of boCCL3 isoform 2 was completely desensitized by human CCL3 and CCL5 , partially by CCL7 and not by CCL2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its activity was better inhibited by CCR1 than by CCR5 blockade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BoCCL3 isoform 2 , present in bovine serum at about 10 ng / ml , functioned as a most potent chemoattractant for immature ( but not mature ) dendritic cells with a minimal effective concentration of 0 . 03 ng / ml and a maximal chemotactic index of 30 at 0 . 3 ng / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its chemotactic activity on immature dendritic cells was significantly desensitized by human CCL3 , CCL5 and CCL7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of CCR5 rather than CCR1 partially prevented chemotactic activity , whereas blockade of both further enhanced this inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BoCCL3 isoform 2 was not chemokinetic but , like human CCL3 , synergized with CXCL12 in monocytic cell chemotaxis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since it cannot be deduced which is the exact human homolog of boCCL3 isoform 2 , further research is required to study the biology of other boCCL3 family members .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A naonoporous cell - therapy device with controllable biodegradation for long - term drug release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we describe the development and implementation of a nanoporous cell - therapy device with controllable biodegradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine - secreting PC12 cells were housed within newly formulated alginate - glutamine degradable polylysine ( A - GD - PLL ) microcapsules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "PLL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A - GD - PLL microcapsules provided a 3 - D microenvironment for good spatial cell growth , viability and proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microcapsules were subsequently placed within a poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG ) - coated poly ( epsilon - caprolactone ) ( PCL ) chamber covered with a PEG - grafted PCL nanoporous membrane formed by phase inversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 76]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "poly ( epsilon - caprolactone )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 125]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "PEG - grafted PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To enhance PC12 cell growth and to assist in controlled degradation of both the PC12 cells and the device construct , small PCL capsules containing neural growth factor ( PCL - NGF ) and a poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid ) pellet containing glutamine ( PLGA - GLN ) were also placed within the PCL chamber .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 225]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 253]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "GLN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 266]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Release of NGF from the PCL - NGF capsules facilitated cell proliferation and viability , while the controlled release of GLN from the PLGA - GLN pellet resulted in A - GD - PLL microcapsule degradation and eventual PC12 cell death following a pre - specified period of time ( 4 weeks in this study ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "GLN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}, {"entity": "GLN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "PLL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , our device was found to be well tolerated and we successfully demonstrated the controlled release of dopamine over a period of four weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This integrated biodegradable device holds great promise for the future treatment of a variety of diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metals loads into the Mediterranean Sea : estimate of Sarno River inputs and ecological risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metals pollution in the Sarno River and its environmental impact on the Gulf of Naples ( Tyrrhenian Sea , Central Mediterranean Sea ) were estimated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight selected metals ( As , Hg , Cd , Cr , Cu , Ni , Pb and Zn ) were determined in the water dissolved phase ( DP ) , suspended particulate matter ( SPM ) and sediment samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selected metals concentrations ranged from 0 . 32 to 1 , 680 . 39 mu g l ( - 1 ) in water DP , from 103 . 6 to 7 , 734 . 6 mu g l ( - 1 ) in SPM and from 90 . 7 to 2 , 470 . 3 mg kg ( - 1 ) in sediment samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contaminant discharges of selected metals into the sea were calculated in about 13 , 977 . 6 kg year ( - 1 ) showing that this river should account as one of the main contribution sources of metals to the Tyrrhenian Sea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic bioavailability of copper in soil estimated by uptake and elimination kinetics in the springtail Folsomia candida .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to assess the bioavailability of copper in soil , by measuring its uptake kinetics into a representative soil invertebrate , the collembolan Folsomia candida .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were exposed to 25 or 100 mu g Cu g ( - 1 ) dry LUFA 2 . 2 soil at nominal pH ( CaCl2 ) 4 . 5 , 5 . 5 , or 6 . 5 during 14 days after which they were transferred to clean soil for 14 days elimination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "CaCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake and elimination rate constants were calculated based on total and extractable soil concentrations and porewater concentrations using one - compartment first - order kinetics modelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper was present in the animals at a basal physiological level of 40 - 90 mu g g ( - 1 ) dry weight , on top of this uptake and elimination kinetics were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake rates constants varied between 0 . 02 and 0 . 17 g ( soil ) g ( animal ) ( - 1 ) day ( - 1 ) , being higher at lower exposure level , but did not differ significantly between different soil pH levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elimination rate constants ranged between 0 . 04 and 0 . 20 day ( - 1 ) and were negligible ( k ( 2 ) < 0 . 001 day ( - 1 ) ) at pH 4 . 5 and 6 . 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple linear regressions showed that the pH effect on copper uptake was only significant when taking into account cation exchange capacity , or calcium and dissolved organic carbon levels in the pore water .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper concentrations in the animals however , never were higher than 185 mu g g ( - 1 ) dry weight , independent of exposure level and pH , suggesting homeostatic regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that the chemical composition of the pore water does affect bioavailability of copper in soil , but that copper uptake in collembolans is dominated by homeostatic regulation rather than by soil properties like pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A photoinduced charge transfer composite of graphene oxide and ferrocene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "ferrocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate the formation of a photoinduced charge transfer composite with graphene oxide ( GO ) and ferrocene ( Fc ) molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "ferrocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derived insulating GO was partially reduced to improve the conductivity and modified with the Fc molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) , elemental mapping , X - ray photoelectron and UV - visible spectroscopy studies confirm that the Fc molecules were well grafted to the surface of a GO sheet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoresponsivity of the prepared GO - Fc composite was investigated by fabricating a metal / GO - Fc / metal device .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO - Fc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "GO - Fc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabricated device shows enhanced current density under light illumination , suggesting a photo - induced charge transfer process in the developed GO - Fc composite .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO - Fc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase transition - induced elasticity of alpha - helical bioelastomeric fibres and networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural elastomeric fibres play central structural and functional roles in a variety of tissues produced by many organisms from diverse Phyla .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these fibres feature amorphous structure and their long - range elastic response is well described within the framework of entropic ( rubber - like ) elasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been recognized that long - range reversible deformation can also occur in biomacromolecular fibres or networks that feature significant secondary structure and long - range order .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their elastomeric response is then associated with conformational changes of the backbone of the constitutive protein - based polymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under axially imposed loads , several groups of proteins whose structure is dominated by alpha - helical coiled - coil structures can undergo unfolding transitions and secondary structure transformations , for example from coiled - coil alpha - helices to beta - sheet strands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to rubber - like biopolymers , the retractive elastic force in these biomacromolecular materials is not dominated by a return to a maximum entropic state , but is mostly the result of variations in internal energy associated with the conformational changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a review of alpha - helix based elastomeric materials is presented that encompasses examples and experimental evidence across multiple length scales , from the molecular to the macroscopic scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We begin by summarizing the basic thermodynamic formalism of thermoelasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While this formalism is well established for amorphous ( entropically - dominated ) fibres under tensile loading , its extension towards conformational ( internal energy - dominated ) elasticity is less known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent experimental evidence as well as corroborating computer simulations are then reviewed and discussed in the light of secondary structure and nano - scale features of these biopolymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons are also drawn with physiologically important structural fibres that share common characteristics at the molecular and the nano - scale , including intermediate filament ( IF ) proteins from the cell cytoskeleton , myosins from motor proteins , and fibrin from blood clot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude with a discussion on future directions and opportunities for these materials from a biomimetics engineering perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regions on adenylyl cyclase VII required for selective regulation by the G13 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of multiple adenylyl cyclases ( AC ) provides unique inputs to mediate the synthesis of cAMP , a ubiquitous second messenger that controls many aspects of cellular function .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On stimulation by G ( s ) , the activities of ACs can be further selectively modulated by other pathways to ensure precise control of intracellular cAMP responses to specific stimuli .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we reported that one of the AC isoforms , AC7 , is uniquely regulated by the G ( 13 ) pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand more fully the molecular mechanism of this regulation , we compared the regulation of AC7 with that of AC2 in bone marrow - derived macrophages devoid of AC7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although both enzymes could fully restore regulation of cAMP by G beta gamma , activation of the G ( 13 ) pathway preferentially synergized with AC7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exchange of domains between the two isoforms indicates that the C1b domain and the N - terminus of the C1a domain are important for directing selective regulation of AC7 by the G ( 13 ) pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mutagenesis screen identified more specific regions of AC7 that differentially mediate its regulation by distinct pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin K2 covalently binds to Bak and induces Bak - mediated apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin K2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin K2 ( VK2 , menaquinone ) is known to have anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin K2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "menaquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although its effect is thought to be mediated , at least in part , by the induction of apoptosis , the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identified Bcl - 2 antagonist killer 1 ( Bak ) as a molecular target of VK2 - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VK2 directly interacts with Bak and induces mitochondrial - mediated apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Bak and Bcl - 2 - associated X protein ( Bax ) , another member of the Bcl - 2 family , are generally thought to be functionally redundant , only Bak is necessary and sufficient for VK2 - induced cytochrome c ( cyt c ) release and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , VK2 - 2 , 3 epoxide , an intracellular metabolite of VK2 , was shown to covalently bind to the cysteine - 166 residue of Bak .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2 - 2 , 3 epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence suggested that the covalent attachment of VK2 is critical for apoptosis induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus this study reveals a specific role for Bak in mitochondria - mediated apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also provides insight into the anticancer effects of VK2 and suggests that Bak may be a potential target of cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "VK2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative oral bioavailability of 3 - MCPD from 3 - MCPD fatty acid esters in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD fatty acid esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to quantify the relative oral bioavailability of 3 - chloropropane - 1 , 2 - diol ( 3 - MCPD ) from 3 - MCPD fatty acid diesters in vivo , 1 , 2 - dipalmitoyl - 3 - chloropropane - 1 , 2 - diol ( 3 - MCPD diester ) and 3 - MCPD were orally applied to rats in equimolar doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - chloropropane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 90]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD fatty acid diesters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 137]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - dipalmitoyl - 3 - chloropropane - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 202]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD diester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 221]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both cases , the time courses of 3 - MCPD concentrations were measured in blood , various organs , tissues and intestinal luminal contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that 3 - MCPD is released by enzymatic hydrolysis from the 3 - MCPD diester in the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to blood , organs and tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD diester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the measurements in blood , the areas under the curve ( AUC ) for 3 - MCPD were calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparing both AUC , the relative amount of 3 - MCPD bioavailable from the 3 - MCPD diester was calculated to be 86 % on average of the amount bioavailable following administration of 3 - MCPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD diester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of limited experimental data , it is justified for the purpose of risk assessment to assume complete hydrolysis of the diesters in the gastro - intestinal tract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , assessment of the extent of exposure to 3 - MCPD released from its fatty acid esters should be performed in the same way as exposure to the same molar quantity of 3 - MCPD .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "fatty acid esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "3 - MCPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enantioresolution of chiral derivatives of xanthones on ( S , S ) - Whelk - O1 and L - phenylglycine stationary phases and chiral recognition mechanism by docking approach for ( S , S ) - Whelk - O1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "L - phenylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resolution of seven enantiomeric pairs of chiral derivatives of xanthones ( CDXs ) on ( S , S ) - Whelk - O1 and L - phenylglycine chiral stationary phases ( CSPs ) was systematically investigated using multimodal elution conditions ( normal - phase , polar - organic , and reversed - phase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "L - phenylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ( S , S ) - Whelk - O1 CSP , under polar - organic conditions , demonstrated a very good power of resolution for the CDXs possessing an aromatic moiety linked to the stereogenic center with separation factor and resolution factor ranging from 1 . 91 to 7 . 55 and from 6 . 71 to 24 . 16 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chiral recognition mechanisms were also investigated for ( S , S ) - Whelk - O1 CSP by molecular docking technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data regarding the CSP - CDX molecular conformations and interactions were retrieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were in accordance with the experimental chromatographic parameters regarding enantioselectivity and enantiomer elution order .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the present study fulfilled the initial objectives of enantioselective studies of CDXs and elucidation of intermolecular CSP - CDX interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Midregional Fragment of Pro - A - Type Natriuretic Peptide , Blood Pressure , and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes ( ZODIAC - 25 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE Evidence that midregional fragment of pro - A - type natriuretic peptide ( MR - proANP ) is a marker of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes is limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we aimed to investigate the capabilities of MR - proANP in predicting mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also investigated whether MR - proANP influences the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in old age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1998 , 1 , 143 primary care patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the ZODIAC study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because blood was drawn for 867 patients ( 76 % ) and confounders were missing for 19 patients , the final study sample comprised 848 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a follow - up time of 10 years , we used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the relationship between MR - proANP and ( cardiovascular ) mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Harrell C statistic was used to compare models with and without MR - proANP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regression analyses were repeated without MR - proANP for patients aged older than 75 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS Median MR - proANP in the total study sample was 75 pmol / L ( interquartile range , 48 - 124 pmol / L ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During follow - up , 354 ( 42 % ) out of 848 patients had died , of whom 152 ( 43 % ) deaths were attributable to cardiovascular factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MR - proANP was independently associated with all - cause and cardiovascular mortality , irrespective of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During old age , there was a significant inverse relationship between blood pressure and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This relationship did not change after adjustment for MR - proANP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS MR - proANP is independently associated with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MR - proANP did not influence the inverse relationship between blood pressure and mortality in elderly patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of UDP - glucuronosyltransferases UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 in ethanol glucuronidation , and interactions with common drugs of abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethyl glucuronide ( EtG ) determination is increasingly used in clinical and forensic toxicology to document ethanol consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethyl glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "EtG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzymes involved in EtG production , as well as potential interactions with common drugs of abuse , have not been extensively studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activities of human liver ( HLM ) , kidney ( HKM ) , and intestinal ( HIM ) microsomes , as well as of 12 major human recombinant UDP - glucuronosyltransferases ( UGTs ) , toward ethanol ( 50 and 500 mM ) were evaluated in vitro using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme kinetic parameters were determined for pooled microsomes and recombinant UGTs with significant activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual contributions of UGTs were estimated using the relative activity factor approach , proposed for scaling activities obtained with cDNA - expressed enzymes to HLM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction of morphine , codeine , lorazepam , oxazepam , nicotine , cotinine , cannabinol , and cannabidiol ( 5 , 10 , 15 mg / l ) with ethanol ( 1 . 15 , 4 . 6 , 11 . 5 g / l ; i . e . , 25 , 100 , 250 mM ) glucuronidation was assessed using pooled HLM .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "oxazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "cotinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "cannabinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "cannabidiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol glucuronidation intrinsic clearance ( Cl ( int ) ) was 4 and 12 . 7 times higher for HLM than for HKM and HIM , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All recombinant UGTs , except UGT1A1 , 1A6 , and 1A10 , produced EtG in detectable amounts .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UGT1A9 and 2B7 were the most active enzymes , each accounting for 17 and 33 % of HLM Cl ( int ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only cannabinol and cannabidiol significantly affected ethanol glucuronidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cannabinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "cannabidiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cannabinol increased ethanol glucuronidation in a concentration - dependent manner , whereas cannabidiol significantly inhibited EtG formation in a noncompetitive manner ( IC ( 50 ) = 1 . 17 mg / l ; inhibition constant ( K ( i ) ) = 3 . 1 mg / l ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cannabinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "cannabidiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "EtG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UGT1A9 and 2B7 are the main enzymes involved in ethanol glucuronidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , our results suggest that cannabinol and cannabidiol could significantly alter ethanol glucuronidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cannabinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "cannabidiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of a zinc - binding residue in the glycine receptor alpha 1 subunit changes ethanol sensitivity in vitro and alcohol consumption in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol is a widely used drug , yet an understanding of its sites and mechanisms of action remains incomplete .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the protein targets of ethanol are glycine receptors ( GlyRs ) , which are potentiated by millimolar concentrations of ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , zinc ions also modulate GlyR function , and recent evidence suggests that physiologic concentrations of zinc enhance ethanol potentiation of GlyRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we first built a homology model of a zinc - bound GlyR using the D80 position as a coordination site for a zinc ion .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we investigated in vitro the effects of zinc on ethanol action at recombinant wild - type ( WT ) and mutant alpha 1 GlyRs containing the D80A substitution , which eliminates zinc potentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At D80A GlyRs , the effects of 50 and 200 mM ethanol were reduced as compared with WT receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , in contrast to what was seen with WT GlyRs , neither adding nor chelating zinc changed the magnitude of ethanol enhancement of mutant D80A receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we evaluated the in vivo effects of the D80A substitution by using heterozygous Glra1 ( D80A ) knock - in ( KI ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The KI mice showed decreased ethanol consumption and preference , and they displayed increased startle responses compared with their WT littermates .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other behavioral tests , including ethanol - induced motor incoordination and strychnine - induced convulsions , revealed no differences between the KI and WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "strychnine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our findings indicate that zinc is critical in determining the effects of ethanol at GlyRs and suggest that zinc binding at the D80 position may be important for mediating some of the behavioral effects of ethanol action at GlyRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in methamphetamine - induced striatal dopamine toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide is implicated in methamphetamine ( METH ) - induced neurotoxicity ; however , the source of the nitric oxide has not been identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work has also revealed that animals with partial dopamine loss induced by a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine fail to exhibit further decreases in striatal dopamine when re - exposed to methamphetamine 7 - 30 days later .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study examined nitric oxide synthase expression and activity and protein nitration in striata of animals administered saline or neurotoxic regimens of methamphetamine at postnatal days 60 and / or 90 , resulting in four treatment groups : Saline : Saline , METH : Saline , Saline : METH , and METH : METH .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 273]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 298]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 309]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute administration of methamphetamine on postnatal day 90 ( Saline : METH and METH : METH ) increased nitric oxide production , as evidenced by increased protein nitration .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methamphetamine did not , however , change the expression of endothelial or inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase , nor did it change the number of cells positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression or the amount of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mRNA per cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 194]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , nitric oxide synthase activity in striatal interneurons was increased in the Saline : METH and METH : METH animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that increased nitric oxide production after a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine results from increased nitric oxide synthase activity , rather than an induction of mRNA , and that constitutively expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase is the most likely source of nitric oxide after methamphetamine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 250]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 301]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of interest , animals rendered resistant to further methamphetamine - induced dopamine depletions still show equivalent degrees of methamphetamine - induced nitric oxide production , suggesting that nitric oxide production alone in response to methamphetamine is not sufficient to induce acute neurotoxic injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 169]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 211]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yeast cap binding complex modulates transcription factor recruitment and establishes proper histone H3K36 trimethylation during active transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between transcription , histone modification , and RNA processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , genome - wide analyses that correlate histone marks with RNA processing signals raise the possibility that specific RNA processing factors may modulate transcription and help to \" write \" chromatin marks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the nuclear cap binding complex ( CBC ) directs recruitment of transcription elongation factors and establishes proper histone marks during active transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A directed genetic screen revealed that deletion of either subunit of the CBC confers a synthetic growth defect when combined with deletion of genes encoding either Ctk2 or Bur2 , a component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog of P - TEFb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CBC physically associates with these complexes to recruit them during transcription and mediates phosphorylation at Ser - 2 of the C - terminal domain ( CTD ) of RNA polymerase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand how these interactions influence downstream events , histone H3K36me3 was examined , and we demonstrate that CBC Delta affects proper Set2 - dependent H3K36me3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with this , the CBC and Set2 have similar effects on the ability to rapidly induce and sustain activated gene expression , and these effects are distinct from other histone methyltransferases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work provides evidence for an emerging model that RNA processing factors can modulate the recruitment of transcription factors and influence histone modification during elongation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuum - and particle - based modeling of shapes and dynamics of red blood cells in health and disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We review recent advances in multiscale modeling of the mechanics of healthy and diseased red blood cells ( RBCs ) , and blood flow in the microcirculation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We cover the traditional continuum - based methods but also particle - based methods used to model both the RBCs and the blood plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We highlight examples of successful simulations of blood flow including malaria and sickle cell anemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surfactant - free microemulsion composed of oleic acid , n - propanol , and H2O .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "n - propanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "H2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , a microemulsion consists of oil , water , surfactant , and sometimes cosurfactant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report a surfactant - free microemulsion ( denoted as SFME ) , consisting of oleic acid ( oil phase ) , water , and n - propanol without the amphiphilic molecular structure of a traditional surfactant .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "n - propanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phase behavior of the ternary system was investigated , showing that there were a single - phase microemulsion region and a multiphase region in the ternary phase diagram .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrical conductivity measurement was employed to investigate the microregions of the single - phase microemulsion region , and three different microregions , that is , water - in - oleic acid ( W / O ) , a bicontinuous ( B . C . ) region , and oleic acid - in - water ( O / W ) , were identified , which were further confirmed by freeze - fracture and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy ( FF - TEM and Cryo - TEM ) observations .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 198]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polarity and the salt solubility of water domains in the W / O SFME were investigated by UV - visible spectroscopy using methyl orange and potassium ferricyanide as probes , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl orange", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "potassium ferricyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental results showed that the water domains in the W / O microemulsion had a lower polarity than bulk water and a normal solubility for salt species , indicating that the SFMEs have much significance in the preparation of various nanomaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An optimized RAD51 inhibitor that disrupts homologous recombination without requiring Michael acceptor reactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homologous recombination ( HR ) is an essential process in cells that provides repair of DNA double - strand breaks and lesions that block DNA replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAD51 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is central to HR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of RAD51 protein is common in cancer cells and represents a potential therapeutic target in oncology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously described a chemical inhibitor of RAD51 , called RI - 1 ( referred to as compound 1 in this report ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RI - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chloromaleimide group of this compound is thought to act as a Michael acceptor and react with the thiol group on C319 of RAD51 , using a conjugate addition - elimination mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloromaleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to reduce the likelihood of off - target effects and to improve compound stability in biological systems , we developed an analogue of compound 1 that lacks maleimide - based reactivity but retains RAD51 inhibitory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound , 1 - ( 3 , 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - methoxyphenyl ) - 4 - morpholino - 1H - pyrrole - 2 , 5 - dione , named RI - 2 ( referred to as compound 7a in this report ) , appears to bind reversibly to the same site on the RAD51 protein as does compound 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ( 3 , 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - methoxyphenyl ) - 4 - morpholino - 1H - pyrrole - 2 , 5 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 122]}, {"entity": "RI - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like compound 1 , compound 7a specifically inhibits HR repair in human cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tilting the balance between canonical and noncanonical conformations for the H1 hypervariable loop of a llama VHH through point mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanobodies are single - domain antibodies found in camelids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are the smallest naturally occurring binding domains and derive functionality via three hypervariable loops ( H1 - H3 ) that form the binding surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are excellent candidates for antibody engineering because of their favorable characteristics like small size , high solubility , and stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To rationally engineer antibodies with affinity for a specific target , the hypervariable loops can be tailored to obtain the desired binding surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a first step toward such a goal , we consider the design of loops with a desired conformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we focus on the H1 loop of the anti - hCG llama nanobody that exhibits a noncanonical conformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aim to \" tilt \" the stability of the H1 loop structure from a noncanonical conformation to a ( humanized ) type 1 canonical conformation by studying the effect of selected mutations to the amino acid sequence of the H1 , H2 , and proximal residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We use all - atomistic , explicit - solvent , biased molecular dynamic simulations to simulate the wild - type and mutant loops in a prefolded framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We thus find mutants with increasing propensity to form a stable type 1 canonical conformation of the H1 loop .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free energy landscapes reveal the existence of conformational isomers of the canonical conformation that may play a role in binding different antigenic surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also elucidate the approximate mechanism and kinetics of transitions between such conformational isomers by using a Markovian model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that a particular three - point mutant has the strongest thermodynamic propensity to form the H1 type 1 canonical structure but also to exhibit transitions between conformational isomers , while a different , more rigid three - point mutant has the strongest propensity to be kinetically trapped in such a canonical structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptidyl - prolyl cis / trans - isomerase A1 ( Pin1 ) is a target for modification by lipid electrophiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of membrane phospholipids is associated with inflammation , neurodegenerative disease , and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxyradical damage to phospholipids results in the production of reactive aldehydes that adduct proteins and modulate their function .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Hydroxynonenal ( HNE ) , a common product of oxidative damage to lipids , adducts proteins at exposed Cys , His , or Lys residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - Hydroxynonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we demonstrate that peptidyl - prolyl cis / trans - isomerase A1 ( Pin1 ) , an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the peptide bond of pSer / pThr - Pro moieties in signaling proteins from cis to trans , is highly susceptible to HNE modification .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "pSer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "pThr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 157]}, {"entity": "Pro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of purified Pin1 with HNE followed by MALDI - TOF / TOF mass spectrometry resulted in detection of Michael adducts at the active site residues His - 157 and Cys - 113 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time and concentration dependencies indicate that Cys - 113 is the primary site of HNE modification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pin1 was adducted in MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells treated with 8 - alkynyl - HNE as judged by click chemistry conjugation with biotin followed by streptavidin - based pulldown and Western blotting with anti - Pin1 antibody .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - alkynyl - HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , orbitrap MS data support the adduction of Cys - 113 in the Pin1 active site upon HNE treatment of MDA - MB - 231 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "siRNA knockdown of Pin1 in MDA - MB - 231 cells partially protected the cells from HNE - induced toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies indicate that Pin1 is an important molecular target for the chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study establishes that it is also a target for electrophilic modification by products of lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New iridoid glycoside and triterpenoid glycoside from Premna fulva .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquid chromatography - photodiode array detector - mass spectrometry - based chemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Premna fulva yielded one new iridoid glycoside ( 1 ) , one new triterpenoid glycoside ( 2 ) along with six known compounds isolated for the first time from the genus .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 174]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses and chemical methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetazolamide impairs fear memory consolidation in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetazolamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetazolamide ( AZ ) is an carbonic anhydrase inhibitor , which has been used in the treatment of seizures , mountain sickness and glaucoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetazolamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Memory impairment by AZ has been reported in patient interviews ; however , the related mechanism is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We applied two fear conditioning paradigms , shuttle avoidance and passive avoidance , in both rats and mice to investigate this clinical anecdote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult Wistar rats receiving AZ 1 h before the shuttle avoidance test showed decreased avoidance rates , especially at high dosage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult ICR mice receiving AZ both before and after acquisition trials showed the decreased step - through latencies during the passive avoidance test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This impairment of fear memory was corroborated with decreased LTP by AZ in the amygdala .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AZ only inhibited fear conditioning - induced ERK phosphorylation and had no effect on Akt phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our study confirmed the adverse cognitive effect of AZ in animal and electrophysiological studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In clinical practice , clinicians should be aware of this side effect in patients taking AZ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , this inhibition of fear memory by AZ could potentially be applied to patients with posttraumatic stress disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - based optimization of angiostatic agent 6DBF7 , an allosteric antagonist of galectin - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galectin - 1 ( gal - 1 ) , which binds beta - galactoside groups on various cell surface receptors , is crucial to cell adhesion and migration , and is found to be elevated in several cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we reported on 6DBF7 , a dibenzofuran ( DBF ) - based peptidomimetic of the gal - 1 antagonist anginex .", "entity": [{"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "dibenzofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "DBF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we used a structure - based approach to optimize 6DBF7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial NMR studies showed that 6DBF7 binds to gal - 1 on one side of the beta - sandwich away from the lectin ' s carbohydrate binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although an alanine scan of 6DBF7 showed that the two cationic groups ( lysines ) in the partial peptide are crucial to its angiostatic activity , it is the hydrophobic face of the amphipath that appears to interact directly with the surface of gal - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "lysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on this structural information , we designed and tested additional DBF analogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , substitution of the C - terminal Asp for alanine and branched alkyl side chains ( Val , Leu , Ile ) for linear ones ( Nle , Nva ) rendered the greatest improvements in activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 37]}, {"entity": "Asp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "Leu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Ile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "Nle", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Nva", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry with gal - 1 ( - / - ) splenocytes showed that 6DBF7 and two of its more potent analogs ( DB16 and DB21 ) can fully inhibit fluorescein isothiocyanate - gal - 1 binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "DB16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "DB21", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , heteronuclear single - quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal - 1 affinity for lactose , indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal - 1 as a noncompetitive , allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "DB16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "lactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using tumor mouse models ( B16F10 melanoma , LS174 lung , and MA148 ovarian ) , we found that DB21 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth significantly better than 6DBF7 , DB16 , or anginex .", "entity": [{"entity": "DB21", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "6DBF7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 175]}, {"entity": "DB16", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DB21 is currently being developed further and holds promise for the management of human cancer in the clinic .", "entity": [{"entity": "DB21", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern U . S . stream using sediment chemistry , water quality , bioassessment , and fish biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comprehensive biological , sediment , and water quality study of the lower Little Scioto River near Marion , Ohio , USA , was undertaken to evaluate the changes or improvements in biotic measurements following the removal of creosote - contaminated sediment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study area covered 7 . 5 river miles ( RMs ) , including a remediated section between RMs 6 . 0 and 6 . 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages , fish biomarkers ( i . e . , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [ PAH ] metabolite levels in white sucker [ Castostomus commersoni ] and common carp [ Cyprinus carpio ] bile and DNA damage ) , sediment chemistry , and water quality were assessed at five locations relative to the primary source of historical PAH contamination - upstream ( RM 9 . 2 ) , adjacent ( RM 6 . 5 ) , and downstream ( RMs 5 . 7 , 4 . 4 , and 2 . 7 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 100]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the biomarker results were consistent with the sediment PAH results , showing a pattern of low levels of PAH bile metabolites and DNA damage at the upstream ( reference or background location ) , as well as the remediated section , high levels at the two immediate downstream sites , and somewhat lower levels at the furthest downstream site .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show that remediation was effective in reducing sediment contaminant concentrations and exposure of fish to PAHs and in improving fish assemblages ( 60 % increase in index of biotic integrity scores ) in remediated river sections .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional remedial investigation and potentially further remediation is needed to improve the downstream benthic fish community , which is still heavily exposed to PAH contaminants .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A maternal \" junk - food \" diet reduces sensitivity to the opioid antagonist naloxone in offspring postweaning .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perinatal exposure to a maternal \" junk - food \" diet has been demonstrated to increase the preference for palatable diets in adult offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to determine whether this increased preference could be attributed to changes in mu - opioid receptor expression within the mesolimbic reward pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that mRNA expression of the mu - opioid receptor in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) at weaning was 1 . 4 - fold ( males ) and 1 . 9 - fold ( females ) lower in offspring of junk - food ( JF ) - fed rat dams than in offspring of dams fed a standard rodent diet ( control ) ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone to offspring given a palatable diet postweaning significantly reduced fat intake in control offspring ( males : 7 . 7 +/- 0 . 7 vs . 5 . 4 +/- 0 . 6 g / kg / d ; females : 6 . 9 +/- 0 . 3 vs . 3 . 9 +/- 0 . 5 g / kg / d ; P < 0 . 05 ) , but not in male JF offspring ( 8 . 6 +/- 0 . 6 vs . 7 . 1 +/- 0 . 5 g / kg / d ) and was less effective at reducing fat intake in JF females ( 42 . 2 +/- 6 . 0 vs . 23 . 1 +/- 4 . 1 % reduction , P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar findings were observed for total energy intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naloxone treatment did not affect intake of standard rodent feed in control or JF offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that exposure to a maternal junk - food diet results in early desensitization of the opioid system which may explain the increased preference for junk food in these offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short - peptide fusion inhibitors with high potency against wild - type and enfuvirtide - resistant HIV - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptides derived from the C - terminal heptad repeat ( C peptides ) of HIV - 1 gp41 are potent inhibitors against virus entry .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , development of a short C peptide possessing high anti - HIV potency is considered a daunting challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently discovered that the residues Met626 and Thr627 preceding the pocket - binding domain of the C peptide adopt a unique M - T hook structure that is crucial for the design of HIV - 1 fusion inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Met626", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Thr627", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we first presented a proof - of - concept prototype that the M - T hook residues can dramatically improve the antiviral activity and thermostability of a short C peptide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then generated a 24 - mer peptide termed MT - SC22EK by incorporating the M - T hook structure to the N terminus of the poorly active short C peptide SC22EK .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amazingly , MT - SC22EK inhibited HIV - 1 - mediated cell fusion and infection at a level comparable to C34 , T1249 , SC29EK , and sifuvirtide , and it was highly active against diverse HIV - 1 subtypes and variants , including those T20 ( enfuvirtide ) and SC29EK - resistant viruses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high - resolution crystal structure of MT - SC22EK reveals the N - terminal M - T hook conformation folded by incorporated Met626 and Thr627 and identifies the C - terminal boundary critical for the anti - HIV activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 68]}, {"entity": "Met626", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Thr627", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , our studies provide new insights into the mechanisms of HIV - 1 fusion and its inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and assessment of a microfluidic network system for oxygen transport in engineered tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen and nutrients cannot be delivered to cells residing in the interior of large - volume scaffolds via diffusion alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several efforts have been made to meet the metabolic needs of cells in a scaffold by constructing mass transport channels , particularly in the form of bifurcated networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to progress in fabrication technologies , however , an approach to designing an optimal network based on experimental evaluation has not been actively reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main objective of this study was to establish a procedure for designing an effective microfluidic network system for a cell - seeded scaffold and to develop an experimental model to evaluate the design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We proposed a process to design a microfluidic network by combining an oxygen transport simulation with biomimetic principles governing biological vascular trees .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulation was performed with the effective diffusion coefficient ( D ( e , s ) ) , which was experimentally measured in our previous study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porous scaffolds containing an embedded microfluidic network were fabricated using the lost mold shape - forming process and salt leaching method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reliability of the procedure was demonstrated by experiments using the scaffolds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach established a practical basis for designing an effective microfluidic network in a cell - seeded scaffold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping the ion current distribution in nanopore / electrode devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state nanopores with integrated electrodes have interesting prospects in next - generation single - molecule biosensing and sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include \" gated \" nanopores with a single electrode integrated into the membrane , as well as two - electrode designs , such as a transversal tunneling junction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of current flow in a three - electrode device as a model for this class of sensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a new feature , we observe apparent rectification in the pore current that is rooted in the current distribution of the cell , rather than the geometry or electrostatics of the pore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We benchmark our results against a recently developed theoretical model and define operational parameters for nanopore / electrode structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings thus facilitate the rational design of such sensor devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novobiocin analogues with second - generation noviose surrogates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novobiocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "noviose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hsp90 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novobiocin is the first Hsp90 C - terminal inhibitor ever identified and recent structure - activity relationship studies on the noviose sugar identified several commercially available amines as suitable surrogates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Novobiocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "noviose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to further understand this region of the molecule , analogues containing various N ' - amino substituents were prepared and evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines for determination of their efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ' - amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 37j manifested the most potent anti - proliferative activity from these studies and induced Hsp90 - dependent client protein degradation at mid nano - molar concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of electrical and thermomechanical properties of silver nanowire composites by the introduction of nonconductive nanoparticles : experiment and simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites have been applied extensively in many fields to develop the next generation of devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large amounts of conductive nanofillers in polymer matrices are , however , often required for a sufficiently high electrical conductivity , which in turn deteriorates the desired thermomechanical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We illustrate a novel but facile strategy to improve the electrical conductivity and the thermomechanical property of silver nanowire / polymer nanocomposites .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that one may increase the electrical conductivity of silver nanowire / polymer nanocomposites by up to about 8 orders of magnitude by introducing silica nanoparticles with nanocomposites .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrical percolation threshold volume fraction of silver nanowires decreases from 0 . 12 to 0 . 02 .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermomechanical properties also improve as silica nanoparticles are introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We carry out extensive Monte Carlo simulations to elucidate the effects of silica nanoparticles at a molecular level and find that van der Waals attractive interaction between silica nanoparticles and silver nanowires dominates over the depletion - induced interaction between silver nanowires , thus improving the dispersion of silver nanowires .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 182]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 283]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without silica nanoparticles , silver nanowires tend to aggregate , which is why additional silver nanowires are required for a desired electrical conductivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , with silica nanoparticles mixed , the electrical percolating network is likely to form at a smaller volume fraction of silver nanowires .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of the redox - cycling herbicide diquat on transcript expression and antioxidant enzymatic activities of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of pesticides in the environment results in potential unwanted effects on non - target species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freshwater organisms inhabiting water bodies adjacent to agricultural areas , such as ditches , ponds and marshes , are good models to test such effects as various pesticides may reach these habitats through several ways , including aerial drift , run - off , and drainage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diquat is a non - selective herbicide used for crop protection or for weed control in such water bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of diquat on a widely spread aquatic invertebrate , the holarctic freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the known redox - cycling properties of diquat , we studied transcript expression and enzymatic activities relative to oxidative and general stress in the haemolymph and gonado - digestive complex ( GDC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As diquat is not persistent , snails were exposed for short times ( 5 , 24 , and 48 h ) to ecologically relevant concentrations ( 22 . 2 , 44 . 4 , and 222 . 2 mu g l ( - 1 ) ) of diquat dibromide .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "diquat dibromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RT - qPCR was used to quantify the transcription of genes encoding catalase ( cat ) , a cytosolic superoxide dismutase ( Cu / Zn - sod ) , a selenium - dependent glutathione peroxidase ( gpx ) , a glutathione reductase ( gred ) , the retinoid X receptor ( rxr ) , two heat shock proteins ( hsp40 and hsp70 ) , cortactin ( cor ) and the two ribosomal genes r18S and r28s .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 208]}, {"entity": "retinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzymatic activities of SOD , Gpx , Gred and glutathione S - transferase ( GST ) were investigated in the GDC using spectrophoto / fluorometric methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opposite trends were obtained in the haemolymph depending on the herbicide concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the lowest concentration , effects were mainly observed after 24 h of exposure , with over - transcription of cor , hsp40 , rxr , and sod , whereas higher concentrations down - regulated the expression of most of the studied transcripts , especially after 48 h of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the GDC , earlier responses were observed and the fold - change magnitude was generally much higher : transcription of all target genes increased significantly ( or non - significantly for cat ) after 5 h of exposure , and went back to control levels afterwards , suggesting the onset of an early response to oxidative stress associated to the unbalance of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although increases obtained for Gred and SOD activities were globally consistent with their respective transcript expressions , up - regulation of transcription was not always correlated with increase of enzymatic activity , indicating that diquat might affect steps downstream of transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , constitutive levels of enzymatic activities were at least maintained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , diquat was shown to affect expression of the whole set of studied transcripts , reflecting their suitability as markers of early response to oxidative stress in L . stagnalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and SAR of aminothiazole fused benzazepines as selective dopamine D2 partial agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "benzazepines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine ( D ( 2 ) ) partial agonists ( D2PAs ) have been regarded as a potential treatment for schizophrenia patients with expected better side effect profiles than currently marketed antipsychotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report the synthesis and SAR of a series of aminothiazole fused benzazepines as selective D ( 2 ) partial agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "benzazepines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds have good selectivity , CNS drug - like properties and tunable D ( 2 ) partial agonism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the key compounds , 8h , has good in vitro / in vivo ADME characteristics , and is active in a rat amphetamine - induced locomotor activity model .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of pyrazinamide derivatives with benzylamino substitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "benzylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 19 new compounds related to pyrazinamide were synthesized , characterized with analytical data and screened for in vitro whole cell antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv , Mycobacterium kansasii and two types of Mycobacterium avium .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series consisted of 3 - ( benzylamino ) - 5 - cyanopyrazine - 2 - carboxamides and 3 - ( benzylamino ) pyrazine - 2 , 5 - dicarbonitriles with various substituents on the phenyl ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( benzylamino ) - 5 - cyanopyrazine - 2 - carboxamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 82]}, {"entity": "3 - ( benzylamino ) pyrazine - 2 , 5 - dicarbonitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 141]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RP - HPLC method was used to determine the lipophilicity of the prepared compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine compounds exerted similar or better activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to pyrazinamide ( MIC = 6 . 25 - 12 . 5 mu g / mL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - ( Benzylamino ) pyrazine - 2 , 5 - dicarbonitrile inhibited all of the tested mycobacterial strains with MIC within the range 12 . 5 - 25 mu g / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( Benzylamino ) pyrazine - 2 , 5 - dicarbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not the most active , 4 - NH ( 2 ) substituted compounds possessed the lowest in vitro cytotoxicity ( hepatotoxicity ) , leading to selectivity index SI = 5 . 5 and SI > 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - NH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 ' - Fluoro - 6 ' - methylene - carbocyclic adenosine phosphoramidate ( FMCAP ) prodrug : in vitro anti - HBV activity against the lamivudine - entecavir resistant triple mutant and its mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - Fluoro - 6 ' - methylene - carbocyclic adenosine phosphoramidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 70]}, {"entity": "FMCAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel 2 ' - fluoro - 6 ' - methylene - carbocyclic adenosine ( FMCA ) monophosphate prodrug ( FMCAP ) was synthesized and evaluated for its in vitro anti - HBV potency against a lamivudine - entecavir resistant clone ( L180M + M204V + S202G ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - fluoro - 6 ' - methylene - carbocyclic adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 60]}, {"entity": "FMCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "FMCAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 99]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FMCA demonstrated significant antiviral activity against wild - type as well as lamivudine - entecavir resistant triple mutant ( L180M + M204V + S202G ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FMCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monophosphate prodrug ( FMCAP ) demonstrated greater than 12 - fold ( 12 x ) increase in anti - HBV activity without increased cellular toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "FMCAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial and cellular toxicity studies of FMCA indicated that there is no significant toxicity up to 100 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "FMCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mode of action studies by molecular modeling indicate that the 2 ' - fluoro moiety by hydrogen bond as well as the Van der Waals interaction of the carbocyclic ring with the phenylalanine moiety of the polymerase promote the positive binding , even in the drug - resistant mutants .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - fluoro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "carbocyclic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteocyte apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptotic death of osteocytes was recognized over 15years ago , but its significance for bone homeostasis has remained elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new paradigm has emerged that invokes osteocyte apoptosis as a critical event in the recruitment of osteoclasts to a specific site in response to skeletal unloading , fatigue damage , estrogen deficiency and perhaps in other states where bone must be removed .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is accomplished by yet to be defined signals emanating from dying osteocytes , which stimulate neighboring viable osteocytes to produce osteoclastogenic cytokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The osteocyte apoptosis caused by chronic glucocorticoid administration does not increase osteoclasts ; however , it does negatively impact maintenance of bone hydration , vascularity , and strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A interferes with thyroid specific gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is an endocrine - disrupting chemical that leads to low - dose human exposure due to its ability to leach from chemically derived products , as polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "polycarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 177]}, {"entity": "epoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to its known xeno - endocrine action , BPA exerts a wide range of metabolic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the documented BPA exposure outcomes on synthesis of thyroid hormones , there are not any data available on its actions on the thyroid follicular cells , site of synthesis of the thyroid hormones .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 77]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been shown that several environmental pollutants , as BPA , can exert a thyroid disrupting activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we employed in vitro and in vivo ( zebrafish ) models to examine the effects of BPA in regulating the expression of genes involved in the thyroid hormone synthesis and of their transcriptional regulators at BPA doses as low as 10 ( - 9 ) M , a dose that is environmentally pertinent and far below the one detected in infants plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both systems we could detect an altered expression of the genes involved in thyroid hormones synthesis and of thyroid specific transcriptional factors in BPA dose and time dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that BPA exerts a direct effect on thyroid follicular cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that these cells can \" sense \" very low amount of BPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus they , potentially , represent an ideal in vitro system to develop assays to detect BPA and other pollutants with thyroid disrupting activity at level far below the ones considered to be environmental relevant .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , this report may provide new insight into the mode of BPA - induced deregulation of physiological processes as well as on the extensively debated molecular pathways underlying its biological activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A re - evaluation of fifteen years of European risk assessment using effect models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecological risk assessments of chemicals can be informed by a suite of effect models , including population and food web models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the risk assessments conducted under EU regulation 793 / 93 / EC , however , applications of such effect models are extremely scarce and toxicity - extrapolation approaches are often used instead .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to re - evaluate these risk assessments using two types of effect models : species sensitivity distributions ( SSDs , non - mechanistic ) , and food web models ( mechanistic ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species sensitivity distributions significantly fitted the available toxicity data for up to 35 % of the chemicals , depending on the trophic levels included and the amount of data available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median hazardous concentrations for 5 % of the species ( HC5 - 50 ) estimated by the SSDs were less accurate predictors of measured community - level no observed effect concentration than food web model - derived HC5 - 50s , albeit data were available for seven chemicals only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For datasets with more than 10 data points , the 90 % confidence interval of the estimated HC5s was narrower for the food web modeling approach than for the SSD approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HC5 - 50s predicted by the two approaches were two to five times ( metals ) and 10 to 100 times ( organic chemicals ) higher than the predicted no effect concentrations ( PNECs ) for the aquatic environment listed in the risk assessment reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the derived PNECs are protective for aquatic ecosystems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Threshold collision - induced dissociation of hydrated magnesium : experimental and theoretical investigation of the binding energies for Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x complexes ( x = 2 - 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrated magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequential bond energies of Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x complexes , in which x = 2 - 10 , are measured by threshold collision - induced dissociation in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From an electrospray ionization source that produces an initial distribution of Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x complexes in which x = 7 - 10 , complexes down to x = 3 are formed by using an in - source fragmentation technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complexes smaller than Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3 cannot be formed in this source because charge separation into MgOH ( + ) ( H2O ) and H3O ( + ) is a lower - energy pathway than simple water loss from Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "MgOH ( + ) ( H2O )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "H3O ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetic energy dependent cross sections for dissociation of Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x complexes , in which x = 3 - 10 , are examined over a wide energy range to monitor all dissociation products and are modeled to obtain 0 and 298 K binding energies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) x", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of both primary and secondary water molecule losses from each sized complex provides thermochemistry for the sequential hydration energies of Mg ( 2 + ) for x = 2 - 10 and the first experimental values for x = 2 - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the thermodynamic onsets leading to the charge - separation products from Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3 and Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 4 are determined for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 109]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + ) ( H2O ) 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experimental results for x = 3 - 7 agree well with quantum chemical calculations performed here and previously calculated binding enthalpies , as well as previous measurements for x = 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present values for x = 7 - 10 are slightly lower than previous experimental results and theory , but within experimental uncertainties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boron - based inhibitors of acyl protein thioesterases 1 and 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ras proteins are of importance in cell proliferation , and hence their mutated forms play causative roles in many kinds of cancer in different tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the Ras - depalmitoylating enzyme acyl protein thioesterases APT1 and - 2 is a new approach to modulating the Ras cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we present boronic and borinic acid derivatives as a new class of potent and nontoxic APT inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "boronic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "borinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were detected by extensive library screening using chemical arrays and turned out to inhibit human APT1 and - 2 in a competitive mode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , one of the molecules was demonstrated to inhibit Erk1 / 2 phosphorylation significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - Dimensional CdS - Titanate Composite Nanomaterials for Enhanced Visible - Light - Driven Hydrogen Evolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "Titanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D Hierarchical echinus - like titanate spheres ( HETSs ) , serving as the supporting material for CdS nanoparticles , are synthesized via a fast one - step hydrothermal method .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained 3D CdS - HETS composite materials show enhanced H2 generation under visible light irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme - catalyzed crosslinking in a partly frozen state : a new way to produce supermacroporous protein structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study a new way to produce supermacroporous protein structures was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme - mediated crosslinking of gelatin or casein was performed in a partly frozen state , which yielded stable , protein - based cryogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction kinetics for the formation of cryogels were found to be fairly slow , most likely due to the low temperature ( - 12 degrees C ) used or due to an increased viscosity owing to the cryo - concentration taking place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The produced cryogels were characterized with regards to their physical properties and in vitro degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , cryogels produced from gelatin and casein were evaluated as potential scaffolds by fibroblast cultivation to confirm their in vitro biocompatibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin - and casein - based scaffolds both supported cell proliferation and migration through the scaffold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular insights into vesicle tethering at the Golgi by the conserved oligomeric Golgi ( COG ) complex and the golgin TATA element modulatory factor ( TMF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein sorting between eukaryotic compartments requires vesicular transport , wherein tethering provides the first contact between vesicle and target membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we map and start to functionally analyze the interaction network of the conserved oligomeric Golgi ( COG ) complex that mediates retrograde tethering at the Golgi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interactions of COG subunits with members of transport factor families assign the individual subunits as specific interaction hubs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional analysis of selected interactions suggests a mechanistic tethering model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the COG complex interacts with two different Rabs in addition to each end of the golgin \" TATA element modulatory factor \" ( TMF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows COG to potentially bridge the distance between the distal end of the golgin and the target membrane thereby promoting tighter docking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concurrently we show that the central portion of TMF can bind to Golgi membranes that are liberated of their COPI cover .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This latter interaction could serve to bring vesicle and target membranes into close apposition prior to fusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A target selection mechanism , in which a hetero - oligomeric tethering factor organizes Rabs and coiled transport factors to enable protein sorting specificity , could be applicable to vesicle targeting throughout eukaryotic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FINDSITE ( comb ) : a threading / structure - based , proteomic - scale virtual ligand screening approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virtual ligand screening is an integral part of the modern drug discovery process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional ligand - based , virtual screening approaches are fast but require a set of structurally diverse ligands known to bind to the target .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional structure - based approaches require high - resolution target protein structures and are computationally demanding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the recently developed threading / structure - based FINDSITE - based approaches have the advantage that they are as fast as traditional ligand - based approaches and yet overcome the limitations of traditional ligand - or structure - based approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These new methods can use predicted low - resolution structures and infer the likelihood of a ligand binding to a target by utilizing ligand information excised from the target ' s remote or close homologous proteins and / or libraries of ligand binding databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we develop an improved version of FINDSITE , FINDSITE ( filt ) , that filters out false positive ligands in threading identified templates by a better binding site detection procedure that includes information about the binding site amino acid similarity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then combine FINDSITE ( filt ) with FINDSITE ( X ) that uses publicly available binding databases ChEMBL and DrugBank for virtual ligand screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combined approach , FINDSITE ( comb ) , is compared to two traditional docking methods , AUTODOCK Vina and DOCK 6 , on the DUD benchmark set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown to be significantly better in terms of enrichment factor , dependence on target structure quality , and speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FINDSITE ( comb ) is then tested for virtual ligand screening on a large set of 3576 generic targets from the DrugBank database as well as a set of 168 Human GPCRs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excluding close homologues , FINDSITE ( comb ) gives an average enrichment factor of 52 . 1 for generic targets and 22 . 3 for GPCRs within the top 1 % of the screened compound library .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Around 65 % of the targets have better than random enrichment factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance is insensitive to target structure quality , as long as it has a TM - score >= 0 . 4 to native .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , FINDSITE ( comb ) makes the screening of millions of compounds across entire proteomes feasible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FINDSITE ( comb ) web service is freely available for academic users at http : / / cssb . biology . gatech . edu / skolnick / webservice / FINDSITE - COMB / index . html .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of brush - like cationic copolymers for nonviral gene delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyethylenimine ( PEI ) is one of the most broadly used polycations for gene delivery due to its high transfection efficiency and commercial availability but materials are cytotoxic and often polydisperse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of current work is to develop an alternative family of polycations based on controlled living radical polymerization ( CLRP ) and to optimize the polymer structure for efficient gene delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , well - defined poly ( glycidyl methacrylate ) ( P ( GMA ) ) homopolymers were synthesized using reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) polymerization followed by decoration using three different types of oligoamines , i . e . , tetraethylenepentamine ( TEPA ) , pentaethylenehexamine ( PEHA ) , and tris ( 2 - aminoethyl ) amine ( TREN ) , respectively , to generate various P ( GMA - oligoamine ) homopolycations .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( glycidyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 61]}, {"entity": "P ( GMA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "oligoamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 252]}, {"entity": "tetraethylenepentamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 287]}, {"entity": "TEPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 294]}, {"entity": "pentaethylenehexamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 320]}, {"entity": "PEHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [323, 327]}, {"entity": "tris ( 2 - aminoethyl ) amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [336, 365]}, {"entity": "TREN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [368, 372]}, {"entity": "P ( GMA - oligoamine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [412, 434]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of P ( GMA ) backbone length and structure of oligoamine on gene transfer efficiency was then determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( GMA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "oligoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimal polymer , P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 ) , provided comparable transfection efficiency but lower cytotoxicity than PEI .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 ) was then used as the cationic block in diblock copolymers containing hydrophilic N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide ( HPMA ) and oligo ( ethylene glycol ) monomethyl ether methacrylate ( OEGMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 145]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 152]}, {"entity": "oligo ( ethylene glycol ) monomethyl ether methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 214]}, {"entity": "OEGMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyplexes of block copolymers were stable against aggregation in physiological salt condition and in Opti - MEM due to the shielding effect of P ( HPMA ) and P ( OEGMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( HPMA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "P ( OEGMA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the presence of the HPMA / OEGMA block significantly decreased the transfection efficacy of P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 ) homopolycation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "OEGMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compensate for reduced cell uptake caused by the hydrophilic shell of polyplex , the integrin - binding peptide , RGD , was conjugated to the hydrophilic chain end of P ( OEGMA ) ( 15 ) - b - P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 ) copolymer by Michael - type addition reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( OEGMA ) ( 15 ) - b - P ( GMA - TEPA ) ( 50 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low polymer to DNA ratios , the RGD - functionalized polymer showed increased gene delivery efficiency to HeLa cells compared to analogous polymers lacking RGD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optomechanical Shutter Modulated Broad - Band Cavity - Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of Molecular Transients of Astrophysical Interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a sensitive spectroscopic instrument capable of measuring broad - band absorption spectra through supersonically expanding planar plasma pulses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The instrument utilizes incoherent broad - band cavity - enhanced absorption spectroscopy ( IBBCEAS ) and incorporates an optomechanical shutter to modulate light from a continuous incoherent light source , enabling measurements of durations as low as ~ 400 mu s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasma expansion is used to mimic conditions in translucent interstellar clouds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new setup is particularly applicable to test proposed carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands , as it permits swift measurements over a broad spectral range with a resolution comparable to astronomical observations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity is estimated to be better than 10 ppm / pass , measured with an effective exposure time of only 1 s .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acid - degradable cationic poly ( ketal amidoamine ) for enhanced RNA interference in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ketal amidoamine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient delivery of small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) is one of major challenges in the successful applications of siRNA in clinic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report a new acid - degradable poly ( ketal amidoamine ) ( PKAA ) as a siRNA carrier , which has high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ketal amidoamine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 82]}, {"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKAA was designed to have acid - cleavable ketal linkages in the backbone of cationic biodegradable poly ( amidoamine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "poly ( amidoamine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKAA efficiently self - assembled with siRNA to form nanocomplexes with a diameter of ~ 200 nm and slightly positive charges , which are stable under physiological conditions , but rapidly release siRNA at acidic pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKAA exhibited sufficient buffering capability and endosomolytic activity due mainly to the presence of secondary amine groups in its backbone and rapid degradation in acidic endosomes , leading to the enhanced release of siRNA to cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "secondary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell culture studies demonstrated that PKAA is capable of delivering anti - TNF ( tumor necrosis factor ) - alpha siRNA to lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulated macrophages and significantly inhibits the expression of TNF - alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse model of acetaminophen ( APAP ) - induced acute liver failure was used to evaluate in vivo siRNA delivery efficacy of PKAA .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKAA / anti - TNF - alpha siRNA nanocomplexes significantly reduced the ALT ( alanine transaminase ) and the hepatic cellular damages in APAP - intoxicated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We anticipate that acid - degradable PKAA has great potential as siRNA carriers based on its excellent biocompatibility , pH sensitivity , potential endosomolytic activity , and high delivery efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "PKAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysozyme hydration in concentrated aqueous solutions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of an equilibrium cluster phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water close to proteins plays a key role in determining their structural and functional properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite being a subject of considerable interest , the characterization of hydration water , as far as its total amount is concerned , is still controversial and its influence on protein structure and folding is not yet fully understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have investigated the dielectric properties of lysozyme aqueous solutions over the frequency range where the orientational polarization relaxation of the aqueous phase occurs ( from 500 MHz to 50 GHz ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurements extend over a wide concentration range , up to 300 mg / mL , corresponding to a volume fraction of the order of 0 . 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the dielectric spectra , based on the decrease of the dielectric increment of the gamma - dispersion as a function of protein concentration , allows us to estimate the total amount of hydration water ( both bound water and loosely bound water ) present in the system investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observe a decrease of the hydration number as a function of the protein concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This behavior is well accounted for by considering the formation of small equilibrium clusters with aggregation number of some units , as recently reported by Stradner et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1 ) on the basis of small - angle X - ray and neutron scattering measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Benzylglycinyl - amiloride kills proliferating and nonproliferating malignant glioma cells through caspase - independent necroptosis mediated by apoptosis - inducing factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Benzylglycinyl - amiloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 ' - Beta enzylglycinyl - amiloride ( UCD38B ) and glycinyl - amiloride ( UCD74A ) are cell - permeant and cell - impermeant derivatives of amiloride , respectively , and used here to identify the cellular mechanisms of action underlying their antiglioma effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' - Beta enzylglycinyl - amiloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "glycinyl - amiloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 72]}, {"entity": "UCD74A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "amiloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UCD38B comparably kills proliferating and nonproliferating gliomas cells when cell cycle progression is arrested either by cyclin D1 siRNA or by acidification .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell impermeant UCD74A inhibits plasmalemmal urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and the type 1 sodium - proton exchanger with potencies analogous to UCD38B , but is cytostatic .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD74A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , UCD38B targets intracellular uPA causing mistrafficking of uPA into perinuclear mitochondria , reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential , and followed by the release of apoptotic inducible factor ( AIF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIF nuclear translocation is followed by a caspase - independent necroptotic cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction in AIF expression by siRNA reduces the antiglioma cytotoxic effects of UCD38B , while not activating the caspase pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrastructural changes shortly following treatment with UCD38B demonstrate dilation of endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) and mitochondrial swelling followed by nuclear condensation within hours consistent with a necroptotic cell death differing from apoptosis and from autophagy .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These drug mechanism of action studies demonstrate that UCD38B induces a cell cycle - independent , caspase - independent necroptotic glioma cell death that is mediated by AIF and independent of poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase and H2AX activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCD38B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyazamacrocycles as potential antitumor agents for human prostate cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyazamacrocycles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyazamacrocycles are currently being studied and used in a variety of applications beyond their traditional place in supramolecular and co - ordination chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyazamacrocycles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests additional applications of these compounds with particular emphasis on their use as antiproliferative agents that could be potentially used to treat cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four polyazamacrocycles were tested in human prostate cancer LNCaP and prostate epithelial PNTA1 cells to analyze changes in cell proliferation and cell death capabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyazamacrocycles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their intracellular localization was also evaluated by confocal microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show a decrease in proliferation rate and cell viability of LNCaP and PNTA1 , after treatment with these compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease in the number of viable cells is similar for the majority of the compounds studied , and at higher concentration , the proliferation efficiency decreased significantly in the cell lines studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , our results suggest that L and L2 induce early apoptosis in PNTA1 cells and late apoptosis / necrosis in LNCaP cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds did not induce a significant increase in necrosis of both cell types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the compounds did not localize in a unique organelle , all of them have as main target the Golgi apparatus and other localization profiles differed depending on the cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PreCisIon : PREdiction of CIS - regulatory elements improved by gene ' s positION .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conventional approaches to predict transcriptional regulatory interactions usually rely on the definition of a shared motif sequence on the target genes of a transcription factor ( TF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These efforts have been frustrated by the limited availability and accuracy of TF binding site motifs , usually represented as position - specific scoring matrices , which may match large numbers of sites and produce an unreliable list of target genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To improve the prediction of binding sites , we propose to additionally use the unrelated knowledge of the genome layout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , it has been shown that co - regulated genes tend to be either neighbors or periodically spaced along the whole chromosome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that respective gene positioning carries significant information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel type of information is combined with traditional sequence information by a machine learning algorithm called PreCisIon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To optimize this combination , PreCisIon builds a strong gene target classifier by adaptively combining weak classifiers based on either local binding sequence or global gene position .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This strategy generically paves the way to the optimized incorporation of any future advances in gene target prediction based on local sequence , genome layout or on novel criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the current state of the art , PreCisIon consistently improves methods based on sequence information only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is shown by implementing a cross - validation analysis of the 20 major TFs from two phylogenetically remote model organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli , respectively , PreCisIon achieves on average an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 70 and 60 % , a sensitivity of 80 and 70 % and a specificity of 60 and 56 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly predicted gene targets are demonstrated to be functionally consistent with previously known targets , as assessed by analysis of Gene Ontology enrichment or of the relevant literature and databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary hepatocyte cultures for pharmaco - toxicological studies : at the busy crossroad of various anti - dedifferentiation strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuously increasing understanding of the molecular triggers responsible for the onset of diseases , paralleled by an equally dynamic evolution of chemical synthesis and screening methods , offers an abundance of pharmacological agents with a potential to become new successful drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , before patients can benefit of newly developed pharmaceuticals , stringent safety filters need to be applied to weed out unfavourable drug candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cost effectiveness and the need to identify compound liabilities , without exposing humans to unnecessary risks , has stimulated the shift of the safety studies to the earliest stages of drug discovery and development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this regard , in vivo relevant organotypic in vitro models have high potential to revolutionize the preclinical safety testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They can enable automation of the process , to match the requirements of high - throughput screening approaches , while satisfying ethical considerations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cultures of primary hepatocytes became already an inherent part of the preclinical pharmaco - toxicological testing battery , yet their routine use , particularly for long - term assays , is limited by the progressive deterioration of liver - specific features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The availability of suitable hepatic and other organ - specific in vitro models is , however , of paramount importance in the light of changing European legal regulations in the field of chemical compounds of different origin , which gradually restrict the use of animal studies for safety assessment , as currently witnessed in cosmetic industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately , research groups worldwide spare no effort to establish hepatic in vitro systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present review , both classical and innovative methodologies to stabilize the in vivo - like hepatocyte phenotype in culture of primary hepatocytes are presented and discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profiling genome - wide chromatin methylation with engineered posttranslation apparatus within living cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein methyltransferases ( PMTs ) have emerged as important epigenetic regulators in myriad biological processes in both normal physiology and disease conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , elucidating PMT - regulated epigenetic processes has been hampered by ambiguous knowledge about in vivo activities of individual PMTs particularly because of their overlapping but nonredundant functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address limitations of conventional approaches in mapping chromatin modification of specific PMTs , we have engineered the chromatin - modifying apparatus and formulated a novel technology , termed clickable chromatin enrichment with parallel DNA sequencing ( CliEn - seq ) , to probe genome - wide chromatin modification within living cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three - step approach of CliEn - seq involves in vivo synthesis of S - adenosyl - L - methionine ( SAM ) analogues from cell - permeable methionine analogues by engineered SAM synthetase ( methionine adenosyltransferase or MAT ) , in situ chromatin modification by engineered PMTs , subsequent enrichment and sequencing of the uniquely modified chromatins .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - adenosyl - L - methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 100]}, {"entity": "SAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "SAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given critical roles of the chromatin - modifying enzymes in epigenetics and structural similarity among many PMTs , we envision that the CliEn - seq technology is generally applicable in deciphering chromatin methylation events of individual PMTs in diverse biological settings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembly of segmented anisotropic particles : tuning compositional anisotropy to form vertical or horizontal arrays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columnar arrays of anisotropic nano - and microparticles , in which the long axes of the particles are oriented perpendicular to the substrate , are of interest for photovoltaics and other applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Array assembly typically requires applied electric or magnetic fields and / or controlled drying , which are challenging over large areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe a scalable approach to self - assemble multicomponent nanowires into columnar arrays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembly of partially etched nanowires ( PENs ) occurred spontaneously during sedimentation from suspension , without drying or applied fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PENs , which have segments that are either gold or \" empty \" ( solvent - filled ) surrounded by a silica shell , were produced from striped metal nanowires by first coating with silica and then removing sacrificial segments by acid etching .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrostatic repulsion between the particles was necessary for array assembly ; however , details of PEN surface chemistry were relatively unimportant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aspect ratio and relative center of mass ( COM ) of the PENs were important for determining whether the PEN long axes were vertically or horizontally aligned with respect to the underlying substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arrays with predominantly vertically aligned particles were achieved for PENs with a large offset in COM relative to the geometric center , while other types of PENs formed horizontal arrays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assemblies were formed over > 10 cm ( 2 ) areas , with over 60 % of particles standing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed array uniformity and reproducibility by imaging many positions within each sample and performing multiple assemblies of differently segmented PENs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work demonstrates the versatility of gravity - driven PEN array assembly and provides a framework for designing other anisotropic particle systems that self - assemble into columnar arrays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xyloglucan - derivatized films for the culture of adherent cells and their thermocontrolled detachment : a promising alternative to cells sensitive to protease treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By taking advantage of a natural and abundant polymer as well as a straightforward film formation technique , this paper focuses on the conception and use of a new alternative tool for thermo - controlled cell detachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermoresponsive xyloglucan was produced after partial galactose removal by a 24 h reaction with beta - galactosidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained polymer ( T24 ) was then activated by reaction with 4 - nitrophenyl chloroformate ( NPC ) in order to graft a cyclic peptide presenting an arginine - glycine - aspartic acid ( RGD ) motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - nitrophenyl chloroformate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 94]}, {"entity": "NPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "aspartic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of RGD grafting on the sol - gel transition temperature of T24 is evaluated by rheological measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solvent - casted films of T24 - RGD successfully promoted cell adhesion , proliferation , and thermo - controlled detachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presented approach is a new alternative for cells sensitive to the proteolytic treatment routinely used for cell detachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because the RGD sequence used herein is widely recognized by different cell types , this protocol may be extended to other cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the presented chemical route can be applied to different peptide sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anion - pi interactions : generality , binding strength , and structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anion - pi interactions have been systematically studied using tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine 1 , an electron - deficient and cavity self - tunable macrocyclic host , as an electron - neutral molecular probe .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As revealed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( ESI - MS ) , fluorescence titration and X - ray crystallography , tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine has been found to form 1 : 1 complexes with four typical polyatomic anions of different geometries and shapes in the gaseous phase , in solution , and in the solid state .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association constants for the formation of anion - pi complexes in acetonitrile are in the range of 239 to 16950 M ( - 1 ) , following the order of 1 . NO ( 3 ) ( - ) > 1 . BF ( 4 ) ( - ) > 1 . PF ( 6 ) ( - ) > 1 . SCN ( - ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "NO ( 3 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 170]}, {"entity": "BF ( 4 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "PF ( 6 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 212]}, {"entity": "SCN ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray molecular structures of the complexes showed that two opposing triazine rings of tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine act as a pair of tweezers to interact with the included anions through cooperative anion - pi and lone - pair electron - pi interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "tetraoxacalix [ 2 ] arene [ 2 ] triazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The generality of anion - pi interactions and diverse anion - pi interaction motifs can provide a new dimension in the study of molecular recognition and self - assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , this study potentiates the effect of anion - pi interactions in chemical and biological systems , especially those involving anion and electron - deficient aromatic species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects and mechanism of organ protection by cardiotrophin - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiotrophin - 1 ( CT - 1 ) , a member of the interleukin ( IL ) - 6 family , is reported to exhibit a plethora of pleiotropic effects in the heart such as cytoprotective , pro - proliferative and pro - fibrotic ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extensive research has been devoted on proliferative and profibrotic effects of CT - 1 on the heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus the present review has been aimed to critically define the cytoprotective effects of CT - 1 and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although many effects of CT - 1 have been described on the heart , CT - 1 has now also been reported to exhibit important protective effects in other organs such as liver , kidney or nervous system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CT - 1 produces its effects through a unique receptor system comprising LIF receptor ( LIFR beta ) and a common signal transducer , the glycoprotein 130 ( gp130 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The signaling pathway downstream from gp130 is based on at least , three distinct pathways : 1 ) the janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription ( JAK / STAT ) pathway , 2 ) the p42 / 44 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( p42 / 44 MAPK ) pathway , also known as the extracellular receptor kinase - 1 / 2 ( ERK1 / 2 ) pathway , and 3 ) the phosphatidylinositol 3 - OH kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol 3 - OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 388]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since CT - 1 easily achieves its cytoprotective effects via a combination of the above three signaling pathways , it becomes quite necessary to determine which pathway ( s ) is involved in each particular effect of CT - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In each of its target organs , CT - 1 may also display differential mechanisms of cytoprotection , and thus it is relevant to understand how these mechanisms are locally regulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of the antineoplastic potential of chalcones in animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One part of chemical space that is endowed with interesting biological properties is the area of the chalcones .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this review , we provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous in vivo animal studies on the antineoplastic potential of both natural and synthetic members of this flavonoid subclass ( covering : up to mid - 2011 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thus far identified modes of action of these compounds are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope that this overview may stimulate deeper investigations into the biochemical mechanisms by which chalcones exert their antineoplastic action .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , in the foreseeable future , chalcones may prove suitable lead molecules or early drug candidates for the prevention or treatment of various neoplastic diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Band gap engineering via controlling donor - acceptor compositions in conjugated copolymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Varying composition of pi - donor / acceptor moieties has been considered as an effective strategy for fine - tuning of the electronic properties of D - A conjugated copolymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the change of optoelectronic properties with the change of donor / acceptor ratios is investigated on the basis of first - principles density functional calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copolymers containing moieties of similar pi - electron donating and / or accepting capabilities , e . g . , thiophene ( T ) - methoxythiophene ( OT ) , exhibit a linear dependence of electronic properties ( especially , HOMO / LUMO , band gap , and bandwidth ) on the D / A content .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "methoxythiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , for strong D / A contrast systems , e . g . , thiophene ( T ) - thienopyrazine ( TP ) , the electronic properties vary nonlinearly with D / A compositions .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "thienopyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when the block size of one parent monomer in a strong D / A contrast system is fixed , the variation of electronic properties shows a remarkable linear correlation against D / A compositions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the deviation of electronic properties from a linear composition dependence is dominated by the strength of orbital interactions between D and A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weak orbital interactions between D and A moieties tend to lead to a nonlinear composition dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide useful insights for band gap tuning through the adjustment of D / A compositions in D - A conjugated copolymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarray analysis of isolated human islet transcriptome in type 2 diabetes and the role of the ubiquitin - proteasome system in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To shed light on islet cell molecular phenotype in human type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , we studied the transcriptome of non - diabetic ( ND ) and T2D islets to then focus on the ubiquitin - proteasome system ( UPS ) , the major protein degradation pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed gene expression , amount of ubiquitinated proteins , proteasome activity , and the effects of proteasome inhibition and prolonged exposure to palmitate .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarray analysis identified more than one thousand genes differently expressed in T2D islets , involved in many structures and functions , with consistent alterations of the UPS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative RT - PCR demonstrated downregulation of selected UPS genes in T2D islets and beta cell fractions , with greater ubiquitin accumulation and reduced proteasome activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemically induced reduction of proteasome activity was associated with lower glucose - stimulated insulin secretion , which was partly reproduced by palmitate exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show the presence of many changes in islet transcriptome in T2D islets and underline the importance of the association between UPS alterations and beta cell dysfunction in human T2D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - diones : antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase - an enzyme involved in diabetic complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "spirobicycloimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - diones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 54]}, {"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The desired 3 - ( arylsulfonyl ) spiroimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - diones were synthesized by reacting spiroiminoimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione with arylsulfonyl chlorides .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( arylsulfonyl ) spiroimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - diones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 68]}, {"entity": "spiroiminoimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 137]}, {"entity": "arylsulfonyl chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spiroimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione was in turn synthesized from norcamphor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spiroimidazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "norcamphor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structures of the synthesized molecules were established by modern spectroscopic techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized compounds were screened for in vivo antidiabetic activity and aldose reductase inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 2a , 2b and 2g exhibited excellent dual activity , compound 2a being most prominent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results reveal that the synthesized compounds may serve as the molecule of choice to treat diabetes and diabetic complications using a single medication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A SWI / SNF chromatin - remodeling complex acts in noncoding RNA - mediated transcriptional silencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA - mediated transcriptional silencing prevents deleterious effects of transposon activity and controls the expression of protein - coding genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It involves long noncoding RNAs ( lncRNAs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Arabidopsis thaliana , some of those lncRNAs are produced by a specialized RNA Polymerase V ( Pol V ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism by which lncRNAs affect chromatin structure and mRNA production remains mostly unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we identify the SWI / SNF ATP - dependent nucleosome - remodeling complex as a component of the RNA - mediated transcriptional silencing pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that SWI3B , an essential subunit of the SWI / SNF complex , physically interacts with a lncRNA - binding protein , IDN2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SWI / SNF subunits contribute to lncRNA - mediated transcriptional silencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Pol V mediates stabilization of nucleosomes on silenced regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that Pol V - produced lncRNAs mediate transcriptional silencing by guiding the SWI / SNF complex and establishing positioned nucleosomes on specific genomic loci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further propose that guiding ATP - dependent chromatin - remodeling complexes may be a more general function of lncRNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendritic cell activation by polysaccharide isolated from Angelica dahurica .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angelica dahurica is used in functional foods for the prevention and treatment of various diseases , such as inflammation and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined the effect of A . dahurica polysaccharide ( ADP ) on dendritic cell ( DC ) maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADP increased the expressions of CD86 and MHC - II molecules , the production of IL - 12 , IL - 1 beta , and TNF - alpha , and allogeneic T cell activation ability of DCs , and reduced DC endocytosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a mechanism of action , the knockdown of TLR4 with small interfering RNA decreased the ADP - induced production of nitric oxide and IL - 12 by DCs , suggesting the membrane receptor candidate of ADP .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After binding to TLR4 , ADP increased the phosphorylation of ERK , JNK , and p38 MAPKs , and the nuclear translocation of NF - kappa B p50 / p65 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that ADP activates DCs through TLR4 and downstream signalings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( epsilon - caprolactone ) micelles for combination drug delivery : evaluation of paclitaxel , cyclopamine and gossypol in intraperitoneal xenograft models of ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( epsilon - caprolactone )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 66]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "cyclopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "gossypol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy , characterized by a high rate of chemoresistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current treatment strategies for ovarian cancer focus on novel drug combinations of cytotoxic agents and molecular targeted agents or novel drug delivery strategies that often involve intraperitoneal ( IP ) injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( epsilon - caprolactone ) ( PEG - b - PCL ) micelles were loaded with paclitaxel ( cytotoxic agent ) , cyclopamine ( hedgehog inhibitor ) , and gossypol ( Bcl - 2 inhibitor ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( epsilon - caprolactone )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 66]}, {"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "cyclopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "gossypol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After physicochemical studies focusing on combination drug solubilization , 3 - drug PEG - b - PCL micelles were evaluated in vitro in 2 - D and 3 - D cell culture and in vivo in xenograft models of ovarian cancer , tracking bioluminescence signals from ES - 2 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines after IP injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - Drug PEG - b - PCL micelles were not significantly more potent in 2 - D cell culture in comparison to paclitaxel ; however , they disaggregated ES - 2 tumor spheroids , whereas single drugs or 2 - drug combinations only slowed growth of ES - 2 tumor spheroids or had no noticeable effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ES - 2 and SKOV3 xenograft models , 3 - drug PEG - b - PCL micelles had significantly less tumor burden than paclitaxel based on bioluminescence imaging , 3 ' - deoxy - 3 ' - ( 18 ) F - fluorothymidine ( ( 18 ) F - FLT ) PET imaging , and overall survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "3 ' - deoxy - 3 ' - ( 18 ) F - fluorothymidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 204]}, {"entity": "( 18 ) F - FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 18 ) F - FLT - PET images clearly showed that 3 - drug PEG - b - PCL micelles dramatically reduce tumor volumes over paclitaxel and vehicle controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 18 ) F - FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , PEG - b - PCL micelles enable the IP combination drug delivery of paclitaxel , cyclopamine and gossypol , resulting in tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival over paclitaxel alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "cyclopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "gossypol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results validate a novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer based on drug combinations of cytotoxic agents and molecular targeted agents , delivered concurrently by a nanoscale drug delivery system , e . g . PEG - b - PCL micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - b - PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Torching the Haystack : modelling fast - fail strategies in drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By quickly clearing the development pipeline of failing or marginal products , fast - fail strategies release resources to focus on more promising molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Quick - Kill model of drug development demonstrates that fast - fail strategies will : ( 1 ) reduce the expected time to market ; ( 2 ) reduce expected R & D costs ; and ( 3 ) increase R & D productivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper outlines the model and demonstrates the impact of fast - fail strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model is illustrated with costs and risks data from pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms underlying induction of LTP - associated changes in short - term dynamics of transmission at immature synapses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the activity - dependent mechanisms guiding functional maturation of synaptic transmission postsynaptically are well characterized , less is known about the corresponding presynaptic mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that during the first postnatal week , a subset of CA3 - CA1 synapses express postsynaptically induced LTP that is tightly associated with a robust decrease in synaptic facilitation , consistent with an increase in release probability ( P ( r ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss of facilitation is readily induced by physiologically relevant pairing protocols at immature synapses and is dependent on activation of NMDA - receptors but not L - type calcium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative pre - and postsynaptic components of neonatal LTP were distinguished in their downstream signaling requirements , PKC activity being selectively needed for the decrease in facilitation but not for synaptic potentiation per se .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that maturation of glutamatergic synapses involves a critical period during which presynaptic function is highly susceptible to activity - dependent regulation via a PKC - dependent mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro neurotoxic effects of Pseudechis spp . venoms : A comparison of avian and murine skeletal muscle preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two common in vitro skeletal muscle preparations used for the study of venom neurotoxicity are the indirectly stimulated chick isolated biventer cervicis nerve - muscle preparation and the rat isolated phrenic nerve - diaphragm preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the current study was to compare the in vitro neurotoxicity of six Pseudechis spp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Black snakes ) venoms in both avian ( chicken ) and mammalian ( rat ) skeletal muscle preparations to determine differences in sensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All Pseudechis spp . venoms significantly inhibited indirect twitches , in both preparations , indicating the presence of post synaptic neurotoxins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effects of all venoms were more rapid in the avian preparation , except for Pseudechis colletti venom where no significant difference was seen between the murine and avian muscles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time taken to produce 50 % reduction in stimulated twitches ( i . e . t ( 50 ) ) was markedly shorter in the avian preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that the avian in vitro preparation is more sensitive to the neurotoxic activity of Pseudechis spp . than the murine preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference is likely to be due to species differences in the interaction between the neurotoxins and the nicotinic receptor binding sites as well as differences in the ' safety factor ' between the preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and evaluation of colloidal modified nanolipid carrier : Application to topical delivery of tacrolimus , Part II - In vivo assessment , drug targeting , efficacy , and safety in treatment for atopic dermatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In atopic dermatitis ( AD ) , topical anti - inflammatory therapy with skin barrier restoration to prevent repeated inflammatory episodes leads to long - term therapeutic success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tacrolimus , although effective against AD , is a challenging molecule due to low solubility , low - penetration , poor - bioavailability , and toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part I of this paper , reported novel modified nanolipid carrier system for topical delivery of tacrolimus ( T - MNLC ) , offering great opportunity to load low - solubility drug with improved entrapment efficiency , enhanced stability and improved skin deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present investigation focused on restoration of skin barrier , site - specific delivery , therapeutic effectiveness , and safety of novel T - MNLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T - MNLC greatly enhanced occlusive properties , skin hydration potential and reduced transepidermal water loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This might help to reduce the number of flares and better control the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutaneous uptake and drug deposition in albino rats by HPLC and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed prominently elevated drug levels in all skin strata with T - MNLC as compared to reference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T - MNLC demonstrated efficient suppression of inflammatory responses in BALB / c mice model of AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety assessment by acute and repeated - dose dermal toxicity demonstrated mild keratosis and collagenous mass infiltration at the treatment area with repeated application of reference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , T - MNLC showed no evident toxicity exhibiting safe drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , novel T - MNLC would be a safe , effective , and esthetically appealing alternative to conventional vehicles for treatment for AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Size - dependent toxicity and cell interaction mechanisms of gold nanoparticles on mouse fibroblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) are currently used in several fields including biomedical applications , although no conclusive information on their cytotoxicity is available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason this work has investigated the effects of AuNPs in vitro on Balb / 3T3 mouse fibroblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results obtained exposing cells for 72 h to AuNPs 5 and 15 nm citrate stabilized , revealed cytotoxic effects only for AuNPs 5 nm at concentration >= 50 mu M if measured by colony forming efficiency ( CFE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the differences in cytotoxicity observed for the two AuNPs sizes , we investigated the uptake and the intracellular distribution of the nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By TEM it was observed that 5 and 15 nm AuNPs are internalized by Balb / 3T3 cells and located within intracellular endosomal compartments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantification of the uptake by ICP - MS showed that AuNPs internalization enhanced even up to 72 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton was evident , with cell footprints narrow and contracted ; effects more remarkable in cells exposed to 5 nm AuNP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of NPs cell internalization was investigated using immunocytochemistry and western blot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant effect was observed in the expression level of caveolin , while reduction of the expression and degradation of the clathrin heavy chain was observed in cells exposed for 72 h to AuNPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Failure to generate bone marrow adipocytes does not protect mice from ovariectomy - induced osteopenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reciprocal association between bone marrow fat and bone mass has been reported in ovariectomized rodents , suggesting that bone marrow adipogenesis has a negative effect on bone growth and turnover balance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice with loss of function mutations in kit receptor ( kit ( W / W - v ) ) have no bone marrow adipocytes in tibia or lumbar vertebra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore tested the hypothesis that marrow fat contributes to the development of osteopenia by comparing the skeletal response to ovariectomy ( ovx ) in growing wild type ( WT ) and bone marrow adipocyte - deficient kit ( W / W - v ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were ovx at 4 weeks of age and sacrificed 4 or 10 weeks post - surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body composition was measured at necropsy by dual - energy X - ray absorptiometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortical ( tibia ) and cancellous ( tibia and lumbar vertebra ) bone architecture were evaluated by microcomputed tomography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone marrow adipocyte size and density , osteoblast - and osteoclast - lined bone perimeters , and bone formation were determined by histomorphometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ovx resulted in an increase in total body fat mass at 10 weeks post - ovx in both genotypes , but the response was attenuated in the in kit ( W / W - v ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adipocytes were present in bone marrow of tibia and lumbar vertebra in WT mice and bone marrow adiposity increased following ovx .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , marrow adipocytes were not detected in either intact or ovx kit ( W / W - v ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , ovx in WT and kit ( W / W - v ) mice resulted in statistically indistinguishable changes in cortical and cancellous bone mass , cortical and cancellous bone formation rate , and cancellous osteoblast and osteoclast - lined bone perimeters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our findings do not support a causal role for increased bone marrow fat as a mediator of ovx - induced osteopenia in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ameliorating effects of extracellular polymeric substances excreted by Thalassiosira pseudonana on algal toxicity of CdSe quantum dots .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantum dots ( QDs ) are engineered nanoparticles ( ENs ) that have found increasing applications and shown great potential in drug delivery , biological imaging and industrial products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of their stability , fate and transport in the aquatic environment is still lacking , including details of how these nanomaterials interact with marine phytoplankton .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examined the toxicity of functionalized CdSe / ZnS QDs ( amine - and carboxyl - ) by exposing them for five days to Thalassiosira pseudonana ( marine diatom ) grown under different nutrient - conditions ( enriched versus nitrogen - limited media ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "ZnS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The released polysaccharides and proteins , the major components of extracellular polymeric substances ( EPS ) , were measured to assess their potential effects on the interactions between QDs and T . pseudonana .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The partitioning of QDs was analyzed by monitoring the concentration of Cd in different size fractions of the cultures ( i . e . , filtrate , < 0 . 22 mu m and permeate , < 3 kDa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the Cd release of QDs in the T . pseudonana culture was dependent on the nutrient conditions and nature of QDs ' surface coating .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both amine - and carboxyl - functionalized QDs exhibited higher rates of Cd release in N - limited cultures than in nutrient enriched cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results also showed that amine - functionalized QDs aggregate with minimal Cd release , independent of nutrient conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser scanning confocal microscopy images confirmed that aggregates are composed of QDs and the culture matrix ( EPS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , both types of QDs showed limited toxicity to T . pseudonana .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increasing production of proteins induced by QDs suggests that extracellular proteins might be involved in the detoxification of QDs to T . pseudonana via the Cd release of QDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results here demonstrated that EPS can play an ameliorating role in QD toxicity , fate and transport in the aquatic environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17 beta estradiol regulation of connexin 43 - based gap junction and mechanosensitivity through classical estrogen receptor pathway in osteocyte - like MLO - Y4 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Connexin 43 ( Cx43 ) plays an essential role in osteocyte mechanotransduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although estrogen involves in the adaptive responses of bone cells to mechanical loadings , its effects on osteocytic Cx43 - based gap junction intercellular communication ( GJIC ) remain obscure .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that 17 beta estradiol ( E2 ) up - regulated Cx43 , and enhanced GJIC in osteocyte - like MLO - Y4 cells in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ( FRAP ) assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of E2 pre - treatment and oscillating fluid flow ( OFF ) further enhanced Cx43 expression and mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) phosphorylation , comparing to E2 or OFF treatment alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both blocking of classical estrogen receptors ( ER alpha / beta ) by fulvestrant and ER alpha knockdown by small interfering RNA inhibited E2 - mediated Cx43 increase , while a GPR30 - specific agonist G - 1 failed to promote Cx43 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that the presence of E2 enhanced Cx43 - based GJIC mainly via ER alpha / beta pathway , and sensitized osteocytes to mechanical loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase separation as a key to a thermoelectric high efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work elucidates the possible reasons for the outstanding , but never reproduced thermoelectric properties of the doped Ti ( 0 . 5 ) Zr ( 0 . 25 ) Hf ( 0 . 25 ) NiSn Heusler compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti ( 0 . 5 ) Zr ( 0 . 25 ) Hf ( 0 . 25 ) NiSn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural investigations done via synchrotron X - ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscope measurements , which clearly show that the microstructure consists of three temperature stable C1 ( b ) phases with possible semi - coherent interfaces , are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exceptional thermoelectric properties are due to this intrinsic phase separation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible to reproduce the high Figure of Merit values with ZT = 1 . 2 at 830 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the influence of doping different elements on the Sn position in this Heusler material system is investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Halogen - bonding - triggered supramolecular gel formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supramolecular gels are topical soft materials involving the reversible formation of fibrous aggregates using non - covalent interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is significant interest in controlling the properties of such materials by the formation of multicomponent systems , which exhibit non - additive properties emerging from interaction of the components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of hydrogen bonding to assemble supramolecular gels in organic solvents is well established .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the use of halogen bonding to trigger supramolecular gel formation in a two - component gel ( ' co - gel ' ) is essentially unexplored , and forms the basis for this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that halogen bonding between a pyridyl substituent in a bis ( pyridyl urea ) and 1 , 4 - diiodotetrafluorobenzene brings about gelation , even in polar media such as aqueous methanol and aqueous dimethylsulfoxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "pyridyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "bis ( pyridyl urea )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 91]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - diiodotetrafluorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 128]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}, {"entity": "dimethylsulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This demonstrates that halogen bonding is sufficiently strong to interfere with competing gel - inhibitory interactions and create a ' tipping point ' in gel assembly .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this concept , we have prepared a halogen bond donor bis ( urea ) gelator that forms co - gels with halogen bond acceptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "bis ( urea )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Translational research : the changing landscape of drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug discovery represents the first step in the creation of new drugs , and takes place in academic institutions , biotech companies , and large pharmaceutical corporations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until recently , these sectors have each operated independently with little collaboration between those at the forefront of discovery research and those with experience in developing drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the rise of translational research these relationships are shifting and new hubs are emerging , as key players seek to pool the expertise necessary to generate new therapies by linking laboratory discoveries directly to unmet clinical needs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article I discuss how the increasing adoption of translational research is leading to novel integrated discovery nexuses that may change the landscape of drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - drug interactions between rosuvastatin and oral antidiabetic drugs occurring at the level of OATP1B1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion - transporting polypeptide 1B1 ( OATP1B1 ) is an important hepatic uptake transporter , of which the polymorphic variant OATP1B1 * 15 ( Asn130Asp and Val174Ala ) has been associated with decreased transport activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosuvastatin is an OATP1B1 substrate and often concomitantly prescribed with oral antidiabetics in the clinic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate possible drug - drug interactions between these drugs at the level of OATP1B1 and OATP1B1 * 15 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We generated human embryonic kidney ( HEK ) 293 cells stably overexpressing OATP1B1 or OATP1B1 * 15 that showed similar protein expression levels of OATP1B1 and OATP1B1 * 15 at the cell membrane as measured by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HEK - OATP1B1 * 15 cells , the V ( max ) for OATP1B1 - mediated transport of E ( 2 ) 17 beta - G ( estradiol 17 beta - d - glucuronide ) was decreased > 60 % , whereas K ( m ) values ( Michaelis constant ) were comparable .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol 17 beta - d - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of rosuvastatin in HEK - OATP1B1 cells ( K ( m ) 13 . 1 +/- 0 . 43 mu M ) was nearly absent in HEK - OATP1B1 * 15 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , several oral antidiabetics ( glyburide , glimepiride , troglitazone , pioglitazone , glipizide , gliclazide , and tolbutamide ) , but not metformin , were identified as significant inhibitors of the OATP1B1 - mediated transport of rosuvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyburide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "glimepiride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "troglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "glipizide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "gliclazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC ( 50 ) values for inhibition of E ( 2 ) 17 beta - G uptake were similar between OATP1B1 and OATP1B1 * 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "E ( 2 ) 17 beta - G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these studies indicate that several oral antidiabetic drugs affect the OATP1B1 - mediated uptake of rosuvastatin in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next step will be to translate these data to the clinical situation , as it remains to be established whether the studied oral antidiabetics indeed affect the clinical pharmacokinetic profile of rosuvastatin in patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical and electrical detection of single - molecule translocation through carbon nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion current through a single - walled carbon nanotube ( SWCNT ) was monitored at the same time as fluorescence was recorded from charged dye molecules translocating through the SWCNT .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence bursts generally follow ion current peaks with a delay time consistent with diffusion from the end of the SWCNT to the fluorescence collection point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluorescence amplitude distribution of the bursts is consistent with single - molecule signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus each peak in the ion current flowing through the SWCNT is associated with the translocation of a single molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion current peaks ( as opposed to blockades ) were produced by both positively ( Rhodamine 6G ) and negatively ( Alexa 546 ) charged molecules , showing that the charge filtering responsible for the current bursts is caused by the molecules themselves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhodamine 6G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Alexa 546", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced antinociception of opioids in rats and mice by vaccination with immunogens containing oxycodone and hydrocodone haptens .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prescription opioids abuse and associated deaths are an emerging concern in the USA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vaccination against prescription opioids may provide an alternative to pharmacotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An oxycodone hapten containing a tetraglycine linker at the C6 position ( 6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) OH ) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH ) has shown early proof - of - efficacy in rodents as a candidate immunogen ( 6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) - KLH ) for the treatment of oxycodone abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "tetraglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 240]}, {"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , oxycodone - based and hydrocodone - based haptens were conjugated to KLH to generate immunogens that would recognize both oxycodone and hydrocodone .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vaccination with 6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) - KLH increased drug binding in serum , reduced drug distribution to brain , and blunted analgesia for both oxycodone and hydrocodone .", "entity": [{"entity": "6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 153]}, {"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analogous C6 - linked hydrocodone vaccine blocked hydrocodone effects but less so than 6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) - KLH .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C8 - Linked hydrocodone immunogens had only limited efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amide conjugation showed higher haptenation ratios and greater efficacy than thioether conjugation to maleimide activated KLH ( mKLH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "thioether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 ) - KLH vaccine may be used for treatment of prescription opioid abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "6OXY ( Gly ) ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions of NO2 with Zr - based MOF : effects of the size of organic linkers on NO2 adsorption at ambient conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "Zr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "NO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zirconium - based metal organic framework ( Zr - MOF ) , UiO - 66 and UiO - 67 , were synthesized and used as adsorbents of NO ( 2 ) at ambient temperatures in either dry or moist conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zirconium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Zr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "UiO - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "UiO - 67", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The samples were characterized before and after exposure to NO ( 2 ) by X - ray diffraction , scanning electron microscopy , N ( 2 ) - adsorption at 77 K , thermal analysis , and infrared spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "N ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate the important effect of a ligand size on the adsorption of NO ( 2 ) on Zr - MOF materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "Zr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the large size of the 4 , 4 - benzenebiphenyldicarboxylic acid ( BDPC ) ligand has a positive impact on the adsorption of NO ( 2 ) on UiO - 67 in moist conditions , the opposite effect is found in dry conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 , 4 - benzenebiphenyldicarboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 68]}, {"entity": "BDPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "UiO - 67", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The large pore volume of UiO - 67 enhances the adsorption of moisture and formation of nitric and nitrous acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "UiO - 67", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "nitric and nitrous acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The small pore sizes of UiO - 66 favor the NO ( 2 ) removal in dry conditions via dispersive forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "UiO - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon interaction of NO ( 2 ) molecules with the Zr - MOF in dry conditions , the bond between the organic linker and metallic oxide center is broken , leading to the formation of nitrate and nitrite species .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "Zr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , organic ligands also contribute to the NO ( 2 ) reactive adsorption via nitration reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potent microRNA suppression by RNA Pol II - transcribed ' Tough Decoy ' inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are key regulators of gene expression and modulators of diverse biological pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses of miRNA function as well as therapeutic managing of miRNAs rely on cellular administration of miRNA inhibitors which may be achieved by the use of viral vehicles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study explores the miRNA - suppressive capacity of inhibitors expressed intracellularly from lentivirus - derived gene vectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superior activity of two decoy - type inhibitors , a \" Bulged Sponge \" with eight miRNA recognition sites and a hairpin - shaped \" Tough Decoy \" containing two miRNA recognition sites , is demonstrated in a side - by - side comparison of seven types of miRNA inhibitors transcribed as short RNAs from an RNA Pol III promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that lentiviral vectors expressing Tough Decoy inhibitors are less vulnerable than Bulged Sponge - encoding vectors to targeting by the cognate miRNA and less prone , therefore , to reductions in transfer efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , it is demonstrated that Tough Decoy inhibitors retain their miRNA suppression capacity in the context of longer RNA transcripts expressed from an RNA Pol II promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such RNA Pol II - transcribed Tough Decoy inhibitors are new tools in managing of miRNAs and may have potential for temporal and spatial regulation of miRNA activity as well as for therapeutic targeting of miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in human disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgens promote prostate cancer cell growth through induction of autophagy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgens regulate both the physiological development of the prostate and the pathology of prostatic diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanisms by which androgens exert their regulatory activities on these processes are poorly understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have determined that androgens regulate overall cell metabolism and cell growth , in part , by increasing autophagy in prostate cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological or molecular inhibitors significantly abrogated androgen - induced prostate cancer cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistically , androgen - mediated autophagy appears to promote cell growth by augmenting intracellular lipid accumulation , an effect previously demonstrated to be necessary for prostate cancer cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , autophagy and subsequent cell growth is potentiated , in part , by androgen - mediated increases in reactive oxygen species .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate a role for increased fat metabolism and autophagy in prostatic neoplasias and highlight the potential of targeting underexplored metabolic pathways for the development of novel therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of H2O2 stress - responsive genes through a novel transcription factor in the protozoan pathogen Entamoeba histolytica .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcome of infection depends upon complex interactions between the invading pathogen and the host .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the host ' s innate immune response , the release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by phagocytes represents a major obstacle to the establishment of infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica to survive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is central to its pathogenic potential and contributes to disease outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to define the transcriptional network associated with oxidative stress , we utilized the MEME and MAST programs to analyze the promoter regions of 57 amoebic genes that had increased expression specifically in response to H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We functionally characterized an H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) - regulatory motif ( HRM ) ( ( 1 ) AAACCTCAATGAAGA ( 15 ) ) , which was enriched in these promoters and specifically bound amoebic nuclear protein ( s ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assays with promoter - luciferase fusions established the importance of key residues and that the HRM motif directly impacted the ability of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) - responsive promoters to drive gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry identified EHI _ 108720 as an HRM DNA - binding protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression and down - regulation of EHI _ 108720 demonstrated the specificity of EHI _ 108720 protein binding to the HRM , and overexpression increased basal expression from an H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) - responsive wild - type promoter but not from its mutant counterpart .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , EHI _ 108720 , or HRM - binding protein , represents a new stress - responsive transcription factor in E . histolytica that controls a transcriptional regulatory network associated with oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of EHI _ 108720 increased parasite virulence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insight into how E . histolytica responds to oxidative stress increases our understanding of how this important human pathogen establishes invasive disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palmitate and lipopolysaccharide trigger synergistic ceramide production in primary macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macrophages play a key role in host defense and in tissue repair after injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging evidence suggests that macrophage dysfunction in states of lipid excess can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and may underlie inflammatory complications of diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ceramides are sphingolipids that modulate a variety of cellular responses including cell death , autophagy , insulin signaling , and inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceramides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sphingolipids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated the intersection between TLR4 - mediated inflammatory signaling and saturated fatty acids with regard to ceramide generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "saturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 119]}, {"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) did not produce C16 ceramide , whereas palmitate exposure led to a modest increase in this sphingolipid .", "entity": [{"entity": "C16 ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "sphingolipid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , the combination of LPS and palmitate led to a synergistic increase in C16 ceramide .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "C16 ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This response occurred via cross - talk at the level of de novo ceramide synthesis in the ER .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synergistic response required TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TIR - domain - containing adaptor - inducing interferon beta ( TRIF ) , whereas palmitate - induced ceramide production occurred independent of these inflammatory molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ceramide response augmented IL - 1 beta and TNF alpha release , a process that may contribute to the enhanced inflammatory response in metabolic diseases characterized by dyslipidemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituent effect in 2 - benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroborates exhibiting through - space couplings .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroborates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multinuclear magnetic resonance , X - ray diffraction , and computational study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series of nine 2 - benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroborates have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance , X - ray diffraction ( XRD ) , and computational methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - benzoylmethylenequinoline difluoroborates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The through - space spin - spin couplings between ( 19 ) F and ( 1 ) H / ( 13 ) C nuclei have been observed in solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 19 ) F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NMR chemical shifts have been correlated to the Hammett substituent constants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structures of six compounds have been solved by XRD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For two derivatives the X - ray wave function refinement was performed to evaluate the character of bonds in the NBF ( 2 ) O moiety by topological and integrated bond descriptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "NBF ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic or nondynamic ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helical trajectory in hexabenzocoronene nanotubes biased by a detachable chiral auxiliary .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexabenzocoronene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When ether vapor was allowed to diffuse into a CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) solution of an enantiomer of a hexa - peri - hexabenzocoronene ( HBC ) derivative carrying a chiral ( BINAP ) Pt ( II ) - appended coordination metallacycle ( HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] ) or HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] ) ) , screw - sense - selective assembly took place to give optically active nanotubes ( NT ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] ) or NT ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] ) ) with helical chirality , which were enriched in either left - handed ( M ) - NT ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] ) or right - handed ( P ) - NT ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] ) , depending on the absolute configuration of the ( BINAP ) Pt ( II ) pendant .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "hexa - peri - hexabenzocoronene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 127]}, {"entity": "HBC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "( BINAP ) Pt ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 251]}, {"entity": "HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 286]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [379, 381]}, {"entity": "[ ( R ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [386, 400]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [411, 413]}, {"entity": "[ ( S ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [418, 432]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [519, 521]}, {"entity": "[ ( R ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [526, 540]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [574, 576]}, {"entity": "[ ( S ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [581, 595]}, {"entity": "( BINAP ) Pt ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [647, 666]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When MeOH was used instead of ether for the vapor - diffusion - induced assembly , nanocoils formed along with the nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As determined by scanning electron microscopy , the diastereomeric excess of the nanocoils was 60 % ( 80 : 20 diastereomeric ratio ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of the ( BINAP ) Pt ( II ) pendants from NT ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] ) or NT ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] ) with ethylenediamine yielded metal - free nanotubes ( NT ( Py ) ) that remained optically active even upon heating without any change in the circular dichroism spectral profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "( BINAP ) Pt ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "[ ( R ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "[ ( S ) - Pt ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "ethylenediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No helical inversion took place when NT ( Py ) derived from HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] ) or HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] ) was allowed to complex with ( BINAP ) Pt ( II ) with an absolute configuration opposite to the original one .", "entity": [{"entity": "Py", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( R ) - Pt ] )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 89]}, {"entity": "HBC ( Py ) ( [ ( S ) - Pt ] )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 122]}, {"entity": "( BINAP ) Pt ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooperative effects of drug - resistance mutations in the flap region of HIV - 1 protease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the interdependence of multiple mutations in conferring drug resistance is crucial to the development of novel and robust inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As HIV - 1 protease continues to adapt and evade inhibitors while still maintaining the ability to specifically recognize and efficiently cleave its substrates , the problem of drug resistance has become more complicated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the selective pressure of therapy , correlated mutations accumulate throughout the enzyme to compromise inhibitor binding , but characterizing their energetic interdependency is not straightforward .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A particular drug resistant variant ( L10I / G48V / I54V / V82A ) displays extreme entropy - enthalpy compensation relative to wild - type enzyme but a similar variant ( L10I / G48V / I54A / V82A ) does not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual mutations of sites in the flaps ( residues 48 and 54 ) of the enzyme reveal that the thermodynamic effects are not additive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather , the thermodynamic profile of the variants is interdependent on the cooperative effects exerted by a particular combination of mutations simultaneously present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploring the sequence - structure relationship for amyloid peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amyloid fibril formation is associated with misfolding diseases , as well as fulfilling a functional role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cross - beta molecular architecture has been reported in increasing numbers of amyloid - like fibrillar systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Waltz algorithm is able to predict ordered self - assembly of amyloidogenic peptides by taking into account the residue type and position .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This algorithm has expanded the amyloid sequence space , and in the present study we characterize the structures of amyloid - like fibrils formed by three peptides identified by Waltz that form fibrils but not crystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural challenge is met by combining electron microscopy , linear dichroism , CD and X - ray fibre diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose structures that reveal a cross - beta conformation with ' steric - zipper ' features , giving insights into the role for side chains in peptide packing and stability within fibrils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amenity of these peptides to structural characterization makes them compelling model systems to use for understanding the relationship between sequence , self - assembly , stability and structure of amyloid fibrils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical Modification of Lysozyme , Glucose 6 - Phosphate Dehydrogenase , and Bovine Eye Lens Proteins Induced by Peroxyl Radicals : Role of Oxidizable Amino Acid Residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose 6 - Phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "Peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Amino Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical and structural alterations to lysozyme ( LYSO ) , glucose 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) , and bovine eye lens proteins ( BLP ) promoted by peroxyl radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of 2 , 2 ' - azobis ( 2 - amidinopropane ) hydrochloride ( AAPH ) under aerobic conditions were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - azobis ( 2 - amidinopropane ) hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 267]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SDS - PAGE analysis of the AAPH - treated proteins revealed the occurrence of protein aggregation , cross - linking , and fragmentation ; BLP , which are naturally organized in globular assemblies , were the most affected proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) analysis of BLP shows the formation of complex protein aggregates after treatment with AAPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structural modifications were accompanied by the formation of protein carbonyl groups and protein hydroperoxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "hydroperoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yield of carbonyls was lower than that for protein hydroperoxide generation and was unrelated to protein fragmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidized proteins were also characterized by significant oxidation of Met , Trp , and Tyr ( but not other ) residues , and low levels of dityrosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "dityrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the dityrosine yield is too low to account for the observed cross - linking , we propose that aggregation is associated with tryptophan oxidation and Trp - derived cross - links .", "entity": [{"entity": "dityrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also proposed that Trp oxidation products play a fundamental role in nonrandom fragmentation and carbonyl group formation particularly for LYSO and G6PD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data point to a complex mechanism of peroxyl - radical mediated modification of proteins with monomeric ( LYSO ) , dimeric ( G6PD ) , and multimeric ( BLP ) structural organization , which not only results in oxidation of protein side chains but also gives rise to radical - mediated protein cross - links and fragmentation , with Trp species being critical intermediates .", "entity": [{"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [337, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative structural and functional studies of 4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile CDK9 inhibitors suggest the basis for isotype selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclin - dependent kinase 9 / cyclin T , the protein kinase heterodimer that constitutes positive transcription elongation factor b , is a well - validated target for treatment of several diseases , including cancer and cardiac hypertrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to aid inhibitor design and rationalize the basis for CDK9 selectivity , we have studied the CDK - binding properties of six different members of a 4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile series that bind to both CDK9 / cyclin T and CDK2 / cyclin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that for a given CDK , the melting temperature of a CDK / cyclin / inhibitor complex correlates well with inhibitor potency , suggesting that differential scanning fluorimetry ( DSF ) is a useful orthogonal measure of inhibitory activity for this series .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used DSF to demonstrate that the binding of these compounds is independent of the presence or absence of the C - terminal tail region of CDK9 , unlike the binding of the CDK9 - selective inhibitor 5 , 6 - dichlorobenzimidazone - 1 - beta - d - ribofuranoside ( DRB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 118]}, {"entity": "5 , 6 - dichlorobenzimidazone - 1 - beta - d - ribofuranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 266]}, {"entity": "DRB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , on the basis of 11 cocrystal structures bound to CDK9 / cyclin T or CDK2 / cyclin A , we conclude that selective inhibition of CDK9 / cyclin T by members of the 4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile series results from the relative malleability of the CDK9 active site rather than from the formation of specific polar contacts .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( thiazol - 5 - yl ) - 2 - ( phenylamino ) pyrimidine - 5 - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of new cathepsin B inhibitors : combining bioisosteric replacements and structure - based design to explore the structure - activity relationships of nitroxoline derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroxoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human cathepsin B has many house - keeping functions , such as protein turnover in lysosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , dysregulation of its activity is associated with numerous diseases , including cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present here the structure - based design and synthesis of new cathepsin B inhibitors using the cocrystal structure of 5 - nitro - 8 - hydroxyquinoline in the cathepsin B active site .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - nitro - 8 - hydroxyquinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A focused library of over 50 compounds was prepared by modifying positions 5 , 7 , and 8 of the parent compound nitroxoline .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroxoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetic parameters and modes of inhibition were characterized , and the selectivities of the most promising inhibitors were determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best performing inhibitor 17 was effective in cell - based in vitro models of tumor invasion , where it significantly abrogated invasion of MCF - 10A neoT cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that we have successfully explored the structure - activity relationships of nitroxoline derivatives to provide new inhibitors that could eventually lead to compounds with clinical usefulness against the deleterious effects of cathepsin B in cancer progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroxoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse events associated with mTOR inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : The mTOR ( mechanistic target of rapamycin , formerly known as mammalian target of rapamycin ) kinase is centrally involved in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism in response to intra - and extracellular energetic stimuli and growth factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of mTOR in health and diseases has fueled the development of molecules that inhibit mTOR signaling , including rapalogs ( sirolimus , temsirolimus , everolimus and deforolimus ) , which complex with FK506 - binding protein 12 ( FK - BP12 ) to inhibit mTOR complex 1 ( MTORC1 ) activity in an allosteric manner , or the more recent ATP - competitive mTOR inhibitors ( mTORi ) , which target the catalytic site of the enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}, {"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "everolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "deforolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 190]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , clinical development of these mTORi has revealed that these drugs produced numerous side effects that could be serious and / or debilitating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite pharmacological efforts to develop drugs with an improved safety profile , these side effects are often unpredictable and may frequently preclude the efficiency of mTORi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AREAS COVERED : The objective of this review is to perform a comprehensive survey of the safety profiles of various rapalog - based therapies from the available clinical literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors will discuss the potential mechanisms of these therapies , taking into account the knowledge of the biological pathways regulated by mTOR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EXPERT OPINION : A better prevention and management of mTORi - related side effects requires the identification of alterations in related biological pathways that will help to delineate therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dependence of QSAR models on the selection of trial descriptor sets : a demonstration using nanotoxicity endpoints of decorated nanotubes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little attention has been given to the selection of trial descriptor sets when designing a QSAR analysis even though a great number of descriptor classes , and often a greater number of descriptors within a given class , are now available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reports an effort to explore interrelationships between QSAR models and descriptor sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhou and co - workers ( Zhou et al . , Nano Lett . 2008 , 8 ( 3 ) , 859 - 865 ) designed , synthesized , and tested a combinatorial library of 80 surface modified , that is decorated , multi - walled carbon nanotubes for their composite nanotoxicity using six endpoints all based on a common 0 to 100 activity scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of the six endpoints for the 29 most nanotoxic decorated nanotubes were incorporated as the training set for this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study reported here includes trial descriptor sets for all possible combinations of MOE , VolSurf , and 4D - fingerprints ( FP ) descriptor classes , as well as including and excluding explicit spatial contributions from the nanotube .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized QSAR models were constructed from these multiple trial descriptor sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that ( a ) both the form and quality of the best QSAR models for each of the endpoints are distinct and ( b ) some endpoints are quite dependent upon 4D - FP descriptors of the entire nanotube - decorator complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , other endpoints yielded equally good models only using decorator descriptors with and without the decorator - only 4D - FP descriptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , and most importantly , the quality , significance , and interpretation of a QSAR model were found to be critically dependent on the trial descriptor sets used within a given QSAR endpoint study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Towards a balanced value business model for personalized medicine : an outlook .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel targeted drugs , mainly in oncology , have commanded substantial price premiums in the recent past .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the attention of pharmaceutical companies has shifted away from the traditional low - price and high - volume blockbuster business model to drugs that command high , and sometimes extremely high , prices in limited markets defined by targeted patient populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model may have already passed its zenith , as the impact of more and more high - priced drugs coming to market substantially increases their combined burden on payors and public health finances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article introduces a new ' balanced value ' business model for personalized medicine , leveraging the emerging opportunities to reduce drug development cost and time for targeted therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model allows pharmaceutical companies to charge prices for targeted therapy below the likely future thresholds for payors ' willingness to pay , at the same time preserving attractive margins for the drug developers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving clinical trial sampling for future research - an international approach : outcomes and next steps from the DIA future use sampling workshop 2011 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trial samples collected for pharmacogenomic and future research are vital resources for the development of safe and effective drugs , yet collecting adequate , representative sample sets in global trials is challenging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Drug Information Association ( DIA ) sponsored a workshop on future use sampling in September 2011 , bringing together experts from regulatory agencies , academia and industry to discuss challenges to future use sample collection and identify actions to improve collection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several common themes and associated action items emerged , including the need for international guidance on the collection of samples for future research ; additional discussion related to coding , scope of research , and return of research results ; and additional education about pharmacogenomic / future research and the importance of long - term storage of specimens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expanding the number of ' druggable ' targets : non - enzymes and protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following sequencing and assembly of the human genome , the preferred methods for identification of new drug targets have changed dramatically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern tactics such as genome - wide association studies ( GWAS ) and deep sequencing are fundamentally different from the pharmacology - guided approaches used previously , in which knowledge of small molecule ligands acting at their cellular targets was the primary discovery engine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A consequence of the ' target - first , pharmacology - second ' strategy is that many predicted drug targets are non - enzymes , such as scaffolding , regulatory or structural proteins , and their activities are often dependent on protein - protein interactions ( PPIs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These types of targets create unique challenges to drug discovery efforts because enzymatic turnover cannot be used as a convenient surrogate for compound potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is often challenging to predict how ligand binding to non - enzymes might affect changes in protein function and / or pathobiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in the postgenomic era , targets might be strongly implicated by molecular biology - based methods , yet they often later earn the designation of ' undruggable ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can the scope of available targets be widened to include these promising , but challenging , non - enzymes ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we discuss advances in high - throughput screening ( HTS ) technology and chemical library design that are emerging to deal with these challenges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibody - drug conjugates for the treatment of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With over 20 antibody - drug conjugates in clinical trials as well as a recently FDA - approved drug , it is clear that this is becoming an important and viable approach for selectively delivering highly cytotoxic agents to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review discusses the critical aspects for this approach with an emphasis on the properties of the linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic payload that are required for an effective antibody - drug conjugate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different linkers are illustrated with attention focused on ( i ) the specifics of attachment to the antibody , ( ii ) the polarity of the linker , ( iii ) the trigger on the linker that initiates cleavage from the drug , and ( iv ) the self - immolative spacer that liberates the active payload .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future directions in the field are proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide scanning for studying structure - activity relationships in drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide - based therapeutics have grown in importance over the last few decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , peptides have been extensively used as lead compounds in the drug discovery process to investigate the nature of chemical space required for molecular recognition and activity at a variety of targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This critical commentary reviews scanning techniques , which employ natural and non - proteinogenic amino acids to facilitate understanding of structural requirements for peptide biological activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The value of sequence analysis by such methods is highlighted by examples , in which the elements for peptide affinity and activity have been elucidated and employed to prepare peptidomimetic leads for drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurochemical control of rapid stress - induced changes in brain aromatase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the male brain , the medial preoptic nucleus ( POM ) is known to be a critical relay for the activation of sexual behaviour , with the aromatisation of testosterone into 17 beta - oestradiol ( E2 ) playing a key role .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "17 beta - oestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute stress has been shown to differentially modulate the aromatase enzyme in this and other brain nuclei in a sex - specific manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In POM specifically , stress induces increases in aromatase activity ( AA ) that are both rapid and reversible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How the physiological processes initiated during an acute stress response mediate sex - and nuclei - specific changes in AA and which stress response hormones are involved remains to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By examining the relative effects of corticosterone ( CORT ) , arginine vasotocin ( AVT , the avian homologue to arginine vasopressin ) and corticotrophin - releasing factor ( CRF ) , the present study aimed to define the hormone profile regulating stress - induced increases in AA in the POM .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "arginine vasotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "AVT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "arginine vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that CORT , AVT and CRF all appear to play some role in these changes in the male brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "AVT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , these effects occur in a targeted manner , such that modulation of the enzyme by these hormones only occurs in the POM rather than in all aromatase - expressing nuclei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , in the female brain , the experimental effects were restricted to the POM but only CRF was capable of inducing the stress - like increases in AA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data further demonstrate the high degree of specificity ( nuclei - , sex - and hormone - specific effects ) in this system , highlighting the complexity of the stress - aromatase link and suggesting modes through which the nongenomic modulation of this enzyme can result in targeted , rapid changes in local oestrogen concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of the usefulness of the murine cytotoxic T cell line CTLL - 2 for immunotoxicity screening by transcriptomics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A toxicogenomics approach was applied to assess the usefulness of the mouse cytotoxic T cell line CTLL - 2 for in vitro immunotoxicity testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CTLL - 2 cells were exposed for 6 h to two model immunotoxic compounds : ( 1 ) the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol ( DON , 1 and 2 mu M ) , a ribotoxic stress inducer , and ( 2 ) the organotin compound tributyltin oxide ( TBTO , 100 and 200 nM ) , an endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress inducer .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxynivalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "organotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "tributyltin oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 212]}, {"entity": "TBTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects on whole - genome mRNA expression were assessed by microarray analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological interpretation of the microarray data indicated that TBTO ( 200 nM ) induced genes involved in T cell activation , ER stress , NF kappa B activation and apoptosis , which agreed very well with results obtained before on TBTO exposed Jurkat cells and mouse primary thymocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "TBTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , DON ( 2 mu M ) downregulated genes involved in T cell activation , ER stress and apoptosis , which is opposite to results obtained before for DON - exposed Jurkat cells and mouse primary thymocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the results for DON in CTLL - 2 cells are also opposite to the results obtained for TBTO in CTLL - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "TBTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with the lack of induction of ER stress and apoptosis , viability assays showed that CTLL - 2 cells are much more resistant to the toxicity of DON than Jurkat cells and primary thymocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that CTLL - 2 cells lack the signal transduction that induces ER stress and apoptosis in response to ribotoxic stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results for TBTO and DON , the CTLL - 2 cell line does not yield an added value for immunotoxicity compared to the human Jurkat T cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "DON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of lactation on postpartum cardiac function of pregnancy - associated hypertensive mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preeclampsia is a serious complication during pregnancy , and recent epidemiological studies indicate the association between preeclampsia and cardiac morbidity and mortality during the postpartum period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the postpartum period is affected by lactation , its role in maternal heart with a history of preeclampsia remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated postpartum change in cardiac remodeling and function of pregnancy - associated hypertensive ( PAH ) mice with and without lactation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systolic blood pressure was increased in PAH mice at day 19 of gestation ( E19 ) and was reduced to normal levels in both lactating and nonlactating ( NL ) groups in the postpartum period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological analyses revealed that cardiac hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration in PAH mice at E19 were improved in both lactating and NL groups at 4 weeks postpartum ( 4W - PP ) , while marked fibrosis remained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased mRNA expression of profibrotic genes and proinflammatory cytokines in PAH mice at E19 was significantly reduced in both lactating and NL groups at 4W - PP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Echocardiographic analysis found no significant differences in fractional shortening between PAH mice and C57BL / 6J mice at E19 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , at 4W - PP , NL PAH mice showed normal fractional shortening , but lactating PAH mice exhibited significant decreases in cardiac contractility compared with NL PAH mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that cardiac remodeling induced by hypertension during pregnancy are improved in the postpartum period except fibrosis , whereas lactation induces cardiac contractile dysfunction in mice with a history of pregnancy - associated hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal adhesion size uniquely predicts cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal adhesions are large protein complexes organized at the basal surface of cells , which physically connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and have long been speculated to mediate cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether clustering of these molecular components into focal adhesions is actually required for these proteins to regulate cell motility is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we use quantitative microscopy to characterize descriptors of focal adhesion and cell motility for mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human fibrosarcoma cells , across a wide range of matrix compliance and following genetic manipulations of focal adhesion proteins ( vinculin , talin , zyxin , FAK , and paxilin ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This analysis reveals a tight , biphasic gaussian relationship between mean size of focal adhesions ( not their number , surface density , or shape ) and cell speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictive power of this relationship is comprehensively validated by disrupting nonfocal adhesion proteins ( alpha - actinin , F - actin , and myosin II ) and subcellular organelles ( mitochondria , nuclear DNA , etc . ) not known to affect either focal adhesions or cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that the mean size of focal adhesions robustly and precisely predicts cell speed independently of focal adhesion surface density and molecular composition . - Kim , D . - H . , Wirtz , D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formation and infrared absorption of protonated naphthalenes ( 1 - C10H9 + and 2 - C10H9 + ) and their neutral counterparts in solid para - hydrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "protonated naphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 60]}, {"entity": "1 - C10H9 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "2 - C10H9 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "para - hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protonated naphthalene ( C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) ) and its neutral counterparts ( hydronaphthyl radicals , C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ) are important intermediates in the reactions of aromatic compounds and in understanding the unidentified infrared ( IR ) emissions from interstellar media .", "entity": [{"entity": "Protonated naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 47]}, {"entity": "hydronaphthyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the IR spectra of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) , 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) , 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) , and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) trapped in solid para - hydrogen ( p - H ( 2 ) ) ; the latter three are new .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 83]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 106]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 133]}, {"entity": "para - hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 166]}, {"entity": "p - H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These species were produced upon electron bombardment of a mixture of naphthalene ( C ( 10 ) H ( 8 ) ) and p - H ( 2 ) during matrix deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "p - H ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intensities of IR features of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) decreased after the matrix was maintained in darkness for 19 h , whereas those of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 163]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irradiation of this matrix sample with light at 365 nm diminished lines of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) and enhanced lines of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) ; the latter species was unstable and converted to 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) in less than 30 min and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) was converted to 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) at 365 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 101]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 126]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 169]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 200]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 278]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [303, 323]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observed wavenumbers and relative intensities of these species agree satisfactorily with the anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers and IR intensities predicted with the B3PW91 / 6 - 311 + + G ( 2d , 2p ) method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with spectra recorded previously with IR photodissociation of Ar - tagged C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) or IR multiphoton dissociation of C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) , our method has the advantages of producing high - resolution IR spectra with a wide spectral coverage , true IR intensity and excellent ratio of signal to noise ; both protonated species and their neutral counterparts are produced with little interference from other fragments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 105]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With these advantages , the IR spectra of 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) , 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + ) , 1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) , and 2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) are here clearly characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 97]}, {"entity": "1 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 120]}, {"entity": "2 - C ( 10 ) H ( 9 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of multiple binding sites for substrate transport in bovine organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion transporting polypeptides ( OATP ) have been extensively recognized as key determinants of absorption , distribution , metabolism , and excretion of various drugs because of their broad substrate specificity , wide tissue distribution , and the involvement of drug - drug interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the first cloned human OATP , OATP1A2 has been found to transport a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bovine Oapt1a2 shared high homology with the human transporter and is considered as its functional ortholog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we expressed bovine Oatp1a2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and found that , unlike human OATP1A2 , the transport of estrone - 3 - sulfate ( E - 3 - S ) exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 165]}, {"entity": "E - 3 - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The K ( m ) values are 0 . 25 +/- 0 . 08 and 46 . 6 +/- 18 . 5 micro M , and V ( max ) values were 24 . 5 +/- 4 . 4 and 375 +/- 142 pmol / mg protein / min for high - and low - affinity sites , respectively , suggesting the presence of multiple binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further study on other Oatp1a2 substrates showed that the high affinity component for E - 3 - S is responsible for the interaction with taurocholate , bromsulphthalein , and rifampicin and is sensitive to proton concentration change , whereas the low affinity binding site is only involved in the binding of the antitumor drug methotrexate and had no response to change of pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 3 - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "taurocholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "bromsulphthalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 167]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 184]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bamboo salt has in vitro anticancer activity in HCT - 116 cells and exerts anti - metastatic effects in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bamboo salt is a traditional food widely used in Korea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro anticancer effects of this salt were evaluated in HCT - 116 human colon cancer cells using a 3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethyl - 2 - thiazolyl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethyl - 2 - thiazolyl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 184]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1 % salt concentration of bamboo salt baked nine times ( 9 x ) inhibited the growth of HCT - 116 cells by 53 % , which was higher than salt baked three times ( 3 x ) or once ( 1 x ; 44 % and 41 % , respectively ) and much higher than solar sea salt ( Korean sea salt ) and purified salt ( 22 % and 18 % , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of the salt samples in cancer cells , expression of genes associated with apoptosis , inflammation , and metastasis was measured with reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bamboo salt ( 9 x ) significantly induced apoptosis in cancer cells ( P < . 05 ) by upregulating Bax , caspase - 9 , and caspase - 3 , and downregulating Bcl - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of genes associated with inflammation ( NF - kappa B , iNOS , and COX - 2 ) was significantly downregulated ( P < . 05 ) by 9 x bamboo salt , demonstrating its anti - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 9 x bamboo salt also exerted a greater anti - metastatic effect on cancer cells than the other salts as demonstrated by decreased mRNA expression of MMP genes and increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases , which was confirmed by the inhibition of tumor metastasis induced in colon 26 - M3 . 1 cells in BALB / c mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , purified and solar salts increased metastasis in the mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "solar salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrated that 9 x bamboo salt had the most potent in vitro anticancer effect , induced apoptosis , had anti - inflammatory activities , and exerted in vivo anti - metastatic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the anticancer , anti - inflammatory , and anti - metastatic effects of the 1 x and 3 x bamboo salts were stronger than those of the purified and solar salts .", "entity": [{"entity": "solar salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodine - 129 microdosing for protein and peptide drug development : erythropoietin as a case study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iodine - 129", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Microdosing is a technique for studying the behavior of compounds in vivo at 1 / 100th of the dose of a test substance calculated , based on animal data , to yield a pharmacologic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In microdosing , use is made of accelerator MS ( AMS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated whether ( 129 ) I - labeling of proteins with subsequent AMS measurements is a suitable method to perform microdose studies with therapeutic proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 129 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used erythropoietin ( EPO ) as a case study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In an animal study with ( 129 ) I - labeled EPO in Han - Wistar rats , an increase of ( 129 ) I - EPO is observed after dose administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 129 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "( 129 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The half - life was found to be 2 and 5 . 5 h for two different EPOs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are in accordance with expected values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CoNCLUSION : Although further research is required , ( 129 ) I - labeling of proteins seems a feasible method for AMS microdose studies with peptide and protein drugs , such as biosimilars .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 129 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural - Functional Studies of Burkholderia cenocepaciad - Glycero - beta - d - manno - heptose 7 - Phosphate Kinase ( HldA ) and Characterization of Inhibitors with Antibiotic Adjuvant and Antivirulence Properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glycero - beta - d - manno - heptose 7 - Phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an essential constituent of the outer membrane of Gram - negative bacteria , lipopolysaccharide contributes significantly to virulence and antibiotic resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway therefore serves as a promising therapeutic target for antivirulence drugs and antibiotic adjuvants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the structural - functional studies of d - glycero - beta - d - manno - heptose 7 - phosphate kinase ( HldA ) , an absolutely conserved enzyme in this pathway , from Burkholderia cenocepacia .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - glycero - beta - d - manno - heptose 7 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HldA is structurally similar to members of the PfkB carbohydrate kinase family and appears to catalyze heptose phosphorylation via an in - line mechanism mediated mainly by a conserved aspartate , Asp270 .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "heptose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 194]}, {"entity": "Asp270", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we report the structures of HldA in complex with two potent inhibitors in which both inhibitors adopt a folded conformation and occupy the nucleotide - binding sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results provide important insight into the mechanism of HldA - catalyzed heptose phosphorylation and necessary information for further development of HldA inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "heptose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of a liquid chromatography - electrospray mass spectrometry ( LC / MS ) method to the biodistribution and excretion studies of novel 5 ' - chloro - 2 , 3 - didehydroindolo ( 2 ' , 3 ' : 2 , 3 ) betulinic acid ( DRF - 4012 ) in tumour - bearing mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' - chloro - 2 , 3 - didehydroindolo ( 2 ' , 3 ' : 2 , 3 ) betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 220]}, {"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel betulinic acid derivative 5 ' - chloro - 2 , 3 - didehydroindolo [ 2 ' , 3 ' : 2 , 3 ] betulinic acid ( DRF - 4012 ) is a new effective lupane type triterpenes with greater anticancer activity and efficacy than betulinic acid and currently under advanced preclinical investigation phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "5 ' - chloro - 2 , 3 - didehydroindolo [ 2 ' , 3 ' : 2 , 3 ] betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 107]}, {"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "lupane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "triterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "betulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography - electrospray mass spectrometric ( LC / MS ) method has been developed for the determination of DRF - 4012 in tumour - bearing mice plasma , urine , feces and tissues ( liver , brain , lungs , heart , spleen , stomach , thigh muscle , kidneys , urinary bladder , small intestine and tumour ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biodistribution and excretion studies were performed for DRF - 4012 nanoparticle ( 30 mg / kg body weight ) after intravenous ( i . v . ) injection in tumour - bearing mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DRF - 4012 rapidly distributed throughout the body .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 0 . 5 h , tumour showed the second highest concentration , which was nearly half of the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4 and 24 h , the highest concentration of DRF - 4012 was found in tumour indicating its retention in tumour site for a longer time .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excretion studies revealed that very low amount of unchanged DRF - 4012 was observed in urine and primarily excreted through fecal route .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study may be useful to explain the manner in which DRF - 4012 can inhibit tumour growth without apparent toxicity and preclinical / clinical evaluation of this potential antitumour agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "DRF - 4012", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of in vitro metabolites of luotonin A in human liver microsomes using electrospray / tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacological activity of luotonin A varies , depending on the type of functional group and the site of derivatization .", "entity": [{"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the in vivo efficacy of luotonin A , the in vitro metabolism of luotonin A was investigated in human liver microsomes and recombinant cDNA - expressed cytochromeP450 ( CYP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of luotonin A with pooled human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH - generating system resulted in the formation of four metabolites and the structures of each metabolite were tentatively characterized on the basis of electrospray tandem mass spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main metabolic pathway of luotonin A in human liver microsomes was hydroxylation , resulting in the generation of two mono - hydroxyl metabolites ( M1 and M2 ) and two di - hydroxyl metabolites ( M3 and M4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "mono - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "di - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP1A2 was primarily involved in hydroxylation of the quinolone moiety ( M1 andM3 ) , while CYP3A4 was mainly responsible for hydroxylation of the quinazoline moiety of luotonin A ( M2 and M4 ) in human liver microsomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "luotonin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of low background liquid scintillation counter for non - clinical ADME studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 . The performance of low background ( BG ) liquid scintillation counter ( LSC ) was evaluated for practical purposes of non - clinical drug absorption , distribution , metabolism and excretion ( ADME ) studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurement conditions for the radioactivity for low BG LSC were investigated and metabolite profiling in rat plasma after single oral administration of ( 14 ) C - labeled compounds was performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 14 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolite profiling was also conducted using conventional LSC and accelerator mass spectrometer ( AMS ) , and the performances of these measuring instruments were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . The established measurement conditions showed good linearity of the calibration curve over the concentration range from 3 to 300 dpm / vial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolite profiling using low BG LSC for the plasma samples diluted to 5 - 55 times was comparable to that using conventional LSC for the undiluted plasma samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , metabolite profiling using AMS for the plasma samples diluted to 250 - 2000 times was comparable to that using conventional LSC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . These results suggest that the application of low BG LSC is one of the useful tools for non - clinical ADME studies and that it is possible to select conventional LSC , low BG LSC or AMS for radioactivity measurement by considering the specific radioactivity of the compounds and the predicted concentrations of radioactivity in biological samples in ADME studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of kisspeptin in human reproductive function - therapeutic implications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kisspeptin is a 54 - amino acid peptide which is encoded by the KiSS - 1 gene and activates the G protein - coupled receptor GPR54 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence suggests that this system is a key regulator of mammalian and human reproduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal studies have shown that GPR54 - deficient mice have abnormal sexual development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin stimulates the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal ( HPG ) axis whilst pre - administration of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) antagonist abolishes this effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "gonadotrophin releasing hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 179]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , inactivating GPR54 mutations cause normosmic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism whilst activation of GPR54 signalling is associated with premature puberty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In healthy human volunteers , the acute intravenous administration of kisspeptin potently increases plasma luteinising hormone ( LH ) levels and significantly increases plasma follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and testosterone without side effects in both males and in females particularly in the preovulatatory phase of the menstrual cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In infertility due to hypothalamic amenorrhoea acute administration of kisspeptin results in stimulation of reproductive hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kisspeptin / GPR54 system therefore appears to play an important role in the regulation of reproduction in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence kisspeptin has potential as a novel tool for the manipulation of the HPG axis and treatment of infertility in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review discusses the evidence highlighting kisspeptin ' s key role in human reproduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction and Characterization of Molecular Nonwoven Fabrics Consisting of Cross - Linked Poly ( gamma - methyl - l - glutamate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( gamma - methyl - l - glutamate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular nonwoven fabrics in the form of ultrathin layer - by - layer ( LbL ) helical polymer films with covalent cross - linking were assembled on substrates by an alternate ester - amide exchange reaction between poly ( gamma - methyl l - glutamate ) ( PMLG ) and cross - linking agent ethylene diamine or 4 , 4 ' - diamino azobenzene .", "entity": [{"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 189]}, {"entity": "poly ( gamma - methyl l - glutamate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 253]}, {"entity": "PMLG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "ethylene diamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 305]}, {"entity": "4 , 4 ' - diamino azobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regular growth of helical monolayers without excessive adsorption and the formation of amide bonds were confirmed by ultraviolet - visible ( UV - vis ) spectrophotometry , quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) , ellipsometry , and infrared reflection - absorption spectroscopy ( IR - RAS ) measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanostructures with high uniformity and ultrathin films with few defects formed by helical rod segments of PMLG were characterized by atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) and Kelvin probe force microscopy ( KFM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMLG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dating an impressive Neotropical radiation : Molecular time estimates for the Sigmodontinae ( Rodentia ) provide insights into its historical biogeography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With about 400 living species and 82 genera , rodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae comprise one of the most diverse and more broadly distributed Neotropical mammalian clades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been much debate on the origin of the lineage or the lineages of sigmodontines that entered South America , the timing of entrance and different aspects of further diversification within South America .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ages of divergence of the main lineages and the crown age of the subfamily were estimated by using sequences of the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein and cytochrome b genes for a dense sigmodontine and muroid sampling .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bayesian inference using three fossil calibration points and a relaxed molecular clock estimated a middle Miocene origin for Sigmodontinae ( ~ 12Ma ) , with most tribes diversifying throughout the Late Miocene ( 6 . 9 - 9 . 4Ma ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These estimates together results of analyses of ancestral area reconstructions suggest a distribution for the most recent common ancestor of Sigmodontinae in Central - South America and a South American distribution for the most recent common ancestor of Oryzomyalia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragile X syndrome : from targets to treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragile X syndrome ( FXS ) is one of the most prevalent and well - studied monogenetic causes of intellectual disability and autism and , although rare , its high penetrance makes it a desirable model for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders more generally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed recent studies suggest that there is functional convergence of a number of genes that are implicated in intellectual disability and autism indicating that an understanding of the cellular and biochemical dysfunction that occurs in monogenic forms of these disorders are likely to reveal common targets for therapeutic intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fundamental research into FXS has provided a wealth of information about how the loss of function of the fragile X mental retardation protein results in biochemical , anatomical and physiological dysfunction leading to the discovery of interventions that correct many of the core pathological phenotypes associated with animal models of FXS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most promisingly such strategies have led to development of drugs that are now in clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review highlights how progress in understanding disorders such as FXS has led to a new era in which targeted molecular treatment towards neurodevelopmental disorders is becoming a reality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genipin stimulates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes via an IRS - 1 and calcium - dependent mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genipin , a compound derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruits , has been used over the years in traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the molecular basis for its antidiabetic effect has not been fully revealed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of genipin on glucose uptake and signaling pathways in C ( 2 ) C ( 12 ) myotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study demonstrates that genipin stimulated glucose uptake in a time - and dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximal effect was achieved at 2 h with a concentration of 10 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In myotubes , genipin promoted glucose transporter 4 ( GLUT4 ) translocation to the cell surface , which was observed by analyzing their distribution in subcellular membrane fraction , and increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate - 1 ( IRS - 1 ) , AKT , and GSK3 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , genipin increased ATP levels , closed K ( ATP ) channels , and then increased the concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm in C ( 2 ) C ( 12 ) myotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 51]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genipin - stimulated glucose uptake could be blocked by both the PI3 - K inhibitor wortmannin and calcium chelator EGTA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "EGTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , genipin increases the level of reactive oxygen species and ATP in C ( 2 ) C ( 12 ) myotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that genipin activates IRS - 1 , PI3 - K , and downstream signaling pathway and increases concentrations of calcium , resulting in GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake increase in C ( 2 ) C ( 12 ) myotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoresis of randomly and vertically embedded graphene nanosheets in activated carbon film as a counter electrode for dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new approach has been developed to randomly and vertically embed the graphene nanosheets ( GNs ) in the activated carbon ( AC ) film in an applied electric field .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activated carbon ( AC ) nanoparticles in suspension during electrophoresis play an important role in supporting the GNs perpendicular to the FTO ( fluorine - doped tin oxide ) glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "FTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "fluorine - doped tin oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insufficient amount of AC nanoparticles might result in a deposition of GNs parallel to the FTO glass , leading to incomplete utilization of the surface area accessible to electrolyte ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "FTO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An AC cathode with randomly and vertically embedded GNs facilitated electrolyte penetration and electron conduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photoelectron conversion efficiency of the cell was increased to 7 . 50 % by employing the AC cathode with randomly and vertically embedded GNs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterogeneous oxidation of a phosphocholine on synthetic sea salt by ozone at room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ozonolysis of 1 - palmitoyl - 2 - oleoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine ( POPC ) adsorbed on salt mixtures as models for sea - salt particles was studied in real time using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectrometry ( DRIFTS ) at room temperature with and without added water vapor .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - palmitoyl - 2 - oleoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 80]}, {"entity": "POPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The salt substrates were a mixture of MgCl ( 2 ) . 6H ( 2 ) O with NaCl or a commercially available synthetic sea salt .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgCl ( 2 ) . 6H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 61]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozone concentrations ranged from ( 0 . 25 to 3 . 9 ) x 10 ( 13 ) molecules cm ( - 3 ) ( 0 . 1 - 1 . 6 ppm ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major products identified by FTIR and confirmed using matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization ( MALDI ) mass spectrometry were the secondary ozonide ( SOZ ) and a phospholipid aldehyde and carboxylic acid formed by scission of the double bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary ozonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 160]}, {"entity": "SOZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 196]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction probabilities for the two substrates were similar , gamma = ( 6 - 7 ) x 10 ( - 7 ) , with an estimated overall uncertainty of a factor of two .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of water vapor decreased the yield of SOZ relative to the products formed by C [ double bond , length as m - dash ] C scission , but also increased the availability of the double bond for reaction , particularly on the less hygroscopic commercial sea - salt substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "SOZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 91]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , water not only affects the mechanisms and products , but also the structure of the phospholipid on the salt in a manner that affects its reactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of these studies suggest that the reactivity and products of oxidation of unsaturated phospholipids on sea - salt particles in air will be very sensitive to the nature and phase of the substrate , the amount of water present , and whether there is phase separation between the organics and the inorganic salt mixture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of ( TiO2 ) x ( Cu2O ) y alloys for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting .", "entity": [{"entity": "( TiO2 ) x ( Cu2O ) y", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of ( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( x ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) ( y ) solid - solutions is investigated using a global optimization evolutionary algorithm .", "entity": [{"entity": "( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( x ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) ( y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First - principles calculations based on density functional theory are then used to gain insight into the electronic properties of these alloys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that : ( i ) Ti and Cu in ( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( x ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) ( y ) alloys have similar local environments as in bulk TiO ( 2 ) and Cu ( 2 ) O except for ( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) which has some trigonal - planar Cu ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( x ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) ( y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 74]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 172]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 187]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ii ) The predicted optical band gaps are around 2 . 1 eV ( 590 nm ) , thus having much better performance in the absorption of visible light compared with both binary oxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( iii ) ( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( 2 ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O ) has the lowest formation energy amongst all studied alloys and the positions of its band edges are found to be suitable for solar - driven water splitting applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "( TiO ( 2 ) ) ( 2 ) ( Cu ( 2 ) O )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH tuning of DNA translocation time through organically functionalized nanopores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlling DNA translocation speed is critically important for nanopore sequencing as free electrophoretic threading is far too rapid to resolve individual bases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of promising strategies have been explored in recent years , largely driven by the demands of next - generation sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Engineering DNA - nanopore interactions ( known to dominate translocation dynamics ) with organic coatings is an attractive method as it does not require sample modification , processive enzymes , or complicated and expensive fabrication steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we show for the first time 4 - fold tuning of unfolded , single - file translocation time through small , amine - functionalized solid - state nanopores by varying the solution pH in situ .", "entity": [{"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we develop a simple analytical model based on electrostatic interactions to explain this effect which will be a useful tool in designing future devices and experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visualization and virtual screening of the chemical universe database GDB - 17 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical universe database GDB - 17 contains 166 . 4 billion molecules of up to 17 atoms of C , N , O , S , and halogens obeying rules for chemical stability , synthetic feasibility , and medicinal chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 97]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 101]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 105]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 109]}, {"entity": "halogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GDB - 17 was analyzed using 42 integer value descriptors of molecular structure which we term \" Molecular Quantum Numbers \" ( MQN ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal component analysis and representation of the ( PC1 , PC2 ) - plane provided a graphical overview of the GDB - 17 chemical space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid ligand - based virtual screening ( LBVS ) of GDB - 17 using the city - block distance CBD ( MQN ) as a similarity search measure was enabled by a hashed MQN - fingerprint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LBVS of the entire GDB - 17 and of selected subsets identified shape similar , scaffold hopping analogs ( ROCS > 1 . 6 and T ( SF ) < 0 . 5 ) of 15 drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over 97 % of these analogs occurred within CBD ( MQN ) <= 12 from each drug , a constraint which might help focus advanced virtual screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An MQN - searchable 50 million subset of GDB - 17 is publicly available at www . gdb . unibe . ch .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tailorable cell culture platforms from enzymatically cross - linked multifunctional poly ( ethylene glycol ) - based hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As stem - cell - based therapies rapidly advance toward clinical applications , there is a need for cheap , easily manufactured , injectable gels that can be tailored to carry stem cells and impart function to such cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we describe a process for making hydrogels composed of hydroxyphenyl propionic acid ( HPA ) conjugated , branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG ) via an enzyme mediated , oxidative cross - linking method .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyphenyl propionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 90]}, {"entity": "HPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 145]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functionalization of the branched PEG with HPA at varying degrees of substitution was confirmed via attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( ATR - FTIR ) and ( 1 ) H NMR .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "HPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The versatility of this hydrogel system was exemplified through variations in the degree of HPA substitution , polymer concentration , and the concentration of cross - linking reagents ( horseradish peroxidase and H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) , which resulted in a range of mechanical properties and gelation kinetics for these gels .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - linking of the PEG - HPA conjugate with a recombinantly produced Fibronectin fragment ( Type III domains 7 - 10 ) encouraged attachment and spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells ( hMSCs ) when assessed in both two - dimensional and three - dimensional formats .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - HPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , when encapsulated in both nonfunctionalized and functionalized cross - linked PEG - HPA gels , MSCs showed good viability over all time periods assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - HPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With tunable gelation kinetics and mechanical properties , these hydrogels provide a flexible in vitro cell culture platform that will likely have significant utility in tissue engineering as an injectable delivery platform for cells to sites of tissue damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a new series of [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalines as dual phosphodiesterase 2 / phosphodiesterase 10 ( PDE2 / PDE10 ) inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis , preliminary evaluation and structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) of a series of 1 - aryl - 4 - methyl [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalines as dual phosphodiesterase 2 / phosphodiesterase 10 ( PDE2 / PDE10 ) inhibitors are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - aryl - 4 - methyl [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this investigation compound 31 was identified , showing good combined potency , acceptable brain uptake and high selectivity for both PDE2 and PDE10 enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 31 was subjected to a microdosing experiment in rats , showing preferential distribution in brain areas where both PDE2 and PDE10 are highly expressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These promising results may drive the further development of highly potent combined PDE2 / PDE10 inhibitors , or even of selective inhibitors of PDE2 and / or PDE10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovering gene - environment interactions in Glioblastoma through a comprehensive data integration bioinformatics method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) is the most common and aggressive type of human brain tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although considerable efforts to delineate the underlying pathophysiological pathways have been made during the last decades , only very limited progress on treatment have been achieved because molecular pathways that drive the aggressive nature of GBM are largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have emphasized the importance of environmental factors and the role of gene - environment interactions ( GEI ) in the development of GBM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors such as small sample sizes and study costs have limited the conduct of GEI studies in brain tumors however .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , advances in high - throughput microarrays have produced a wealth of information concerning molecular biology of glioma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , microarrays have been used to obtain genetic and epigenetic changes between normal non - tumor tissue and glioma tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the relative rarity of gliomas , microarray data for these tumors is often the product of small studies , and thus pooling this data becomes desirable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address the challenge of small sample sizes and GEI study difficulties , we introduce a comprehensive bioinformatics method using genetic variations ( copy number variations and small - scale variations ) and environmental data integration that links with Glioblastoma ( GEG ) to identify : ( 1 ) genes that interact with chemicals and have genetic variants linked to the development of GBM , ( 2 ) important pathways that may be influenced by environmental exposures ( or endogenous chemicals ) , and ( 3 ) genes with variants in GBM that have been understudied in relation to GBM development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first step in our GEG method identified genes responsive to environmental exposures using the Environmental Genome Project , Comparative Toxicology , and Seattle SNPs databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These environmentally responsive genes were then compared to a curated list of genes containing copy number variation and / or mutations in GBM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This comparison produced a list of genes responsive to the environment and important to GBM that was then further analyzed using gene networking tools such as RSpider , Cytoscape , and DAVID .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this GEG bioinformatics method we were able to identify 173 genes with the potential to be involved in GEI that may be important to the development of GBM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty five of these environmentally responsive genes have not been reported as important to GBM development , despite several of them having substantial potential for response to chemicals and subsequent disease related actions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main biological functions of these 173 genes include signaling by Nerve Growth Factor , DNA Repair , Integrin Cell Surface Interactions , Biological Oxidations , Apoptosis , Synaptic Transmission , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arachidonic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , some of these functions have been implicated in the development of several cancers , including glioma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , our GEG bioinformatics approach revealed potential gene - environment interactions , and generated new data for hypothesis generation , in GBM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central nervous system damage due to acute paraquat poisoning : an experimental study with rat model .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paraquat ( PQ ) is a common herbicide and PQ poisoning is a major medical problem in Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , few studies have focused on the acute neurotoxic changes caused by PQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the acute neurotoxicological findings of rats treated with lethal dose of PQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In substantia nigra ( SN ) and striatum we found obvious microglia ( labeled by Iba - 1 ) activation within one week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SN and hippocampus , we detected increased oxidative stress in the neurons based on NeuN / 8 - OHdG immunofluorescence double labeling and laser cofocal microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - OHdG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we provided ultrastructural evidences of astrocyte edema and neurons apoptosis in rat brain by electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies will be needed with non - lethal dose of PQ to confirm these results and demonstrate the direct CNS toxicity of PQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uptake and distribution of selenium in three aquatic plants grown in Se ( IV ) solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uptake of Se ( IV ) by Myriophyllum spicatum , Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton perfoliatus , and the effects of Se ( IV ) on their physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plants were cultivated outdoors under semi - controlled conditions in water solution containing Na selenite ( 20 mu g Se L ( - 1 ) and 10 mg Se L ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher concentration of Se lowered the photochemical efficiency of PSII in all species studied , while the lower concentration had no effect on any species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher concentration of Se lowered respiratory potential in M . spicatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response of M . spicatum and C . demersum to Se ( IV ) regarding chlorophylls was variable , however in the majority of cases , there was a trend of increasing the amount of chlorophylls , while in P . perfoliatus the amount of chlorophyll a decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "chlorophylls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "chlorophylls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "chlorophyll a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of Se in plants cultured in 10 mg Se ( IV ) L ( - 1 ) ranged from 436 to 839 mu g Se g ( - 1 ) DM in M . spicatum , 319 to 988 mu g Se g ( - 1 ) DM in C . demersum and 310 to 661 mu g Se g ( - 1 ) DM in P . perfoliatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of soluble Se compounds in enzyme extracts of high Se treatment was 27 % in M . spicatum , 41 % in C . demersum and 35 % in P . perfoliatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Se compounds were determined using HPLC - ICP - MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that the applied Se ( IV ) was mainly transformed to insoluble Se .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qalibra : a general model for food risk - benefit assessment that quantifies variability and uncertainty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EU project BRAFO proposed a framework for risk - benefit assessment of foods , or changes in diet , that present both potential risks and potential benefits to consumers ( Hoekstra et al . , 2012a ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In higher tiers of the BRAFO framework , risks and benefits are integrated quantitatively to estimate net health impact measured in DALYs or QALYs ( disability - or quality - adjusted life years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes a general model that was developed by a second EU project , Qalibra , to assist users in conducting these assessments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its flexible design makes it applicable to a wide range of dietary questions involving different nutrients , contaminants and health effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Account can be taken of variation between consumers in their diets and also other characteristics relevant to the estimation of risk and benefit , such as body weight , gender and age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncertainty in any input parameter may be quantified probabilistically , using probability distributions , or deterministically by repeating the assessment with alternative assumptions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncertainties that are not quantified should be evaluated qualitatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outputs produced by the model are illustrated using results from a simple assessment of fish consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More detailed case studies on oily fish and phytosterols are presented in companion papers .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytosterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model can be accessed as web - based software at www . qalibra . eu .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shikonin induces programmed necrosis - like cell death through the formation of receptor interacting protein 1 and 3 complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shikonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative cell demise programmed necrosis has also been proposed when apoptotic machinery is impaired or blocked during tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shikonin ( SKN ) , an herbal extract from the Chinese plant , has been reported to induce either apoptosis or necrosis depending on cell types or its concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shikonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this presentation , SKN caused cell death of NIH3T3 in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intriguingly , SKN - mediated cell death was in part protected by necrostatin - 1 ( Nec - 1 ) , a specific inhibitor of programmed necrosis , but not zVAD a pan - caspase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "necrostatin - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Nec - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SKN directly mediated cell death via receptor interacting protein1 and 3 ( RIP1 - RIP3 ) complex formation , which is required for TNF alpha - mediated programmed necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , SKN - caused cell death was reversed by a reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) scavenger N - acetylcysteine ( NAC ) whereas TNF alpha - mediated necrosis was successfully protected by butylated hydroxyanisole ( BHA ) , implying that ROS may be differentially derived from death inducing agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "butylated hydroxyanisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 218]}, {"entity": "BHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concurrently with the protective effect of the ROS scavenger or Nec - 1 on TNF alpha or SKN , the RIP1 - RIP3 complex was significantly affected in the presence of those agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nec - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , it is highlighted that SKN as well as TNF alpha can directly mediate cell death via a pronecrotic complex , but ROS were generated via different routes depending on cell death - inducing agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "SKN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative analysis of genetic toxicity of antiretroviral combinations in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleoside reverse - transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI ) drugs are a major component of highly - active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NRTI combinations have been demonstrated as producing a sustained reduction in plasma viremia with an increased CD4 count , thereby showing clear clinical benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the secondary effects caused by the combination of two NRTIs , mainly those related to amplification of genotoxic effects , due to increased risk of DNA damage caused by these drugs , should be carefully examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We employed the standard version of the wing SMART in Drosophila melanogaster to obtain more detailed knowledge about the genotoxic profile of NRTI combinations of AZT + ddI , AZT + 3TC and AZT + d4T .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "ddI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that all combinations increased the frequencies of induction of mutant spots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combinations AZT + ddI and AZT + 3TC were shown to induce recombination rates ranging from 86 . 38 % to 98 . 36 % while AZT + d4T showed a large discrepancy between recombination and mutation percentages .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "ddI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination index demonstrated that 3TC and d4T produced antagonism while ddI showed synergistic effects in combination with AZT .", "entity": [{"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "ddI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New enzymatic assay for the AKR1C enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The imbalance in expression of the human aldo - keto reductases AKR1C1 - AKR1C3 is related to different hormone dependent and independent cancers and some other diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AKR1C1 - 3 enzymes thus represent emerging targets for the development of new drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , various enzymatic assays are used in the search for AKR1C inhibitors , and consequently the results of different research groups are not necessarily comparable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During our recent search for AKR1C inhibitors , we found a cyclopentanol derivative ( 2 - ( 4 - chlorobenzylidene ) cyclopentanol , CBCP - ol ) and its respective cyclopentanone counterpart ( 2 - ( 4 - chlorobenzylidene ) cyclopentanone , CBCP - one ) that acted as AKR1C substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 4 - chlorobenzylidene ) cyclopentanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 129]}, {"entity": "CBCP - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "cyclopentanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 4 - chlorobenzylidene ) cyclopentanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 236]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the kinetic parameters KM , kcat and kcat / KM for oxidation of CBCP - ol and reduction of CBCP - one by AKR1C enzymes in the presence of NAD ( + ) / NADP ( + ) and NADH / NADPH , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBCP - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catalytic efficiencies for the oxidation of CBCP - ol in the presence of NAD ( + ) or NADP ( + ) were in general higher when compared to the catalytic efficiencies for reduction of CBCP - one in the presence of NADH or NADPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBCP - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 195]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 219]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When NADPH was used , as compared to NADH , the reductions of CBCP - one by AKR1C1 , AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 were 14 - , 51 - and 31 - fold more efficient , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When comparing to oxidations of the well - known artificial substrates , 1 - acenaphthenol and S - tetralol , we observed similar catalytic efficiencies as for CBCP - ol oxidation with NAD ( + ) and NADP ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - acenaphthenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 90]}, {"entity": "S - tetralol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 107]}, {"entity": "CBCP - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 194]}, {"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comparison of CBCP - one reduction with NADPH to reductions of physiological substrates revealed in general higher efficiencies , except for reduction of 9 - cis - retinaldehyde by AKR1C3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "9 - cis - retinaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This NADPH - dependent reduction of CBCP - one was then used to re - evaluate inhibitory potencies of the known inhibitors of the target AKR1C3 and the anti - target AKR1C2 , medroxyprogesterone acetate and ursodeoxycholic acid , respectively , showing Ki constants similar to the reported values .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "medroxyprogesterone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 202]}, {"entity": "ursodeoxycholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data thus confirm that the new enzymatic assays with two cyclopentane substrates CBP - ol and CBP - one , and especially reduction of CBCP - one with NADPH , are appropriate for the evaluation of AKR1C inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "CBP - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "CBP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "CBCP - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of p53 knockout on ochratoxin A - induced genotoxicity in p53 - deficient gpt delta mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ochratoxin A ( OTA ) is a mycotoxin produced by fungal species and is carcinogenic targeting the S3 segment of the renal proximal tubules in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported that exposure of gpt delta rats to OTA induced both mutations in the red / gam gene ( Spi ( - ) ) , suggesting large deletion mutations , and fluctuations in genes transcribed by p53 in the kidneys , which were associated with DNA double - strand break ( DSB ) repair , particularly homologous recombination ( HR ) repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , to investigate the effects of p53 knockout on OTA - induced mutagenicity , apoptosis , and karyomegaly in renal tubular cells , p53 - proficient and p53 - deficient gpt delta mice were given 1 and 5mg / kg of OTA for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant increases in Spi ( - ) mutant frequencies ( MFs ) were observed in the kidneys of p53 - deficient gpt delta mice given 5 mg / kg of OTA , but not in the kidneys of p53 - proficient gpt delta mice given the same dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no changes in gpt MFs in both genotypes of mice treated with OTA .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blotting analysis demonstrated that p53 protein levels in the kidneys of p53 - proficient mice given OTA were significantly increased compared with the control .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidences of apoptosis and karyomegaly in not only the outer stripe of outer medulla but also the cortex were significantly higher in p53 - deficient at 5mg / kg than in p53 - proficient gpt delta mice at same dose , which had no change in the cortex , the inner stripe of outer stripe , and the inner medulla .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that p53 regulates HR repair in DSBs , these results suggest that OTA may promote large deletion mutations in the process of HR repair for DSBs .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the lower incidence of karyomegaly and apoptosis found in the p53 - proficient gpt delta mice suggests that these phenomena may arise from OTA - induced DNA damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sex hormones and mental rotation : an intensive longitudinal investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study used an intensive longitudinal design to examine whether mental rotation performance varies according to a monthly cycle in both males and females and whether these variations are related to variations in progesterone , estradiol , and testosterone levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 235]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 247]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We collected reaction time and accuracy data for 10 males and seven females each workday over eight weeks using 136 pairs of mental rotation stimuli / day , and measured sexual hormones concentrations in the saliva twice a week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mixed linear model statistical analysis revealed that all females and seven males showed significant cycle effects in mental rotation performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The female cycle showed an amplitude that was twice as large compared with the amplitude found in males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For males and females , estradiol and testosterone were significantly linearly and quadratically related to interindividual variation in performance at the beginning of the study ( progesterone was linearly related to performance for females ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between testosterone and performance differed across sexes : for males , it had an inverse U - shape , for females it was U - shaped .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Towards the end of the study , none of the hormones were significantly related to performance anymore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the relationship between hormones and mental rotation performance disappeared with repeated testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only estradiol levels were significantly elevated at the lowest point of the cycle in mental rotation performance in females .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , in this intensive longitudinal study spanning two months , a monthly cycle in mental rotation performance was found among both males and females , with a larger cycle ' s amplitude for females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation on synaptic transmission in rat dentate gyrus : role of A ( 2A ) adenosine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hippocampus is comprised of two distinct subfields that show different responses to hypoxic - ischemic brain injury : the CA1 region is particularly susceptible whereas the dentate gyrus ( DG ) is quite resistant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to determine the synaptic and proliferative response of the DG to severe oxygen and glucose deprivation ( OGD ) in acute rat hippocampal slices and to investigate the contribution of A ( 2A ) adenosine receptor antagonism to recovery of synaptic activity after OGD .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular recordings of field excitatory post - synaptic potentials ( fEPSPs ) in granule cells of the DG in brain slices prepared from male Wistar rats were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 9 - min OGD is needed in the DG to always induce the appearance of anoxic depolarization ( AD ) and the irreversible block of synaptic activity , as recorded up to 24 h from the end of the insult , whereas only 7 - min OGD is required in the CA1 region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective antagonism of A ( 2A ) adenosine receptors by ZM241385 significantly prevents or delays the appearance of AD and protects from the irreversible block of neurotransmission induced by 9 - min OGD in the DG .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "ZM241385", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of 9 - min OGD on proliferation and maturation of cells localized in the subgranular zone of DG in slices prepared from 5 - bromo - 2 ' - deoxyuridine ( BrdU ) treated rats was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - bromo - 2 ' - deoxyuridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 162]}, {"entity": "BrdU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slices were further incubated with an immature neuronal marker , doublecortin ( DCX ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of BrdU ( + ) cells was significantly decreased 6 h after 9 - min OGD and this effect was antagonized by ZM241385 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BrdU ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "ZM241385", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 24 h from the end of 9 - min OGD , the number of BrdU ( + ) cells returned to that found before OGD and increased arborization of tertiary dendrites of DCX ( + ) cells was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "BrdU ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adenosine A ( 2A ) antagonist ZM241385 protects from synaptic failure and from decreased proliferation of immature neuronal cells at a precocious time after OGD .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "ZM241385", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychostimulant pharmacological profile of paraxanthine , the main metabolite of caffeine in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine induces locomotor activation by its ability to block adenosine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine is metabolized to several methylxanthines , with paraxanthine being the main metabolite in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "methylxanthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we show that in rats paraxanthine has a stronger locomotor activating effect than caffeine or the two other main metabolites of caffeine , theophylline and theobromine .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 165]}, {"entity": "theobromine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As previously described for caffeine , the locomotor activating doses of paraxanthine more efficiently counteract the locomotor depressant effects of an adenosine A ( 1 ) than an adenosine A ( 2A ) receptor agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In drug discrimination experiments in rats trained to discriminate a maximal locomotor activating dose of caffeine , paraxanthine , unlike theophylline , generalized poorly to caffeine suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms other than adenosine antagonism in the behavioral effects of paraxanthine .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 255]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [296, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with the nitric oxide inhibitor N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester ( l - NAME ) reduced the locomotor activating effects of paraxanthine , but not caffeine .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 88]}, {"entity": "l - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , pretreatment with the selective cGMP - preferring phosphodiesterase PDE9 inhibitor BAY 73 - 6691 , increased locomotor activity induced by caffeine , but not paraxanthine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "BAY 73 - 6691", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that paraxanthine , but not caffeine , can induce cGMP accumulation in the rat striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , in vivo microdialysis experiments showed that paraxanthine , but not caffeine , significantly increases extracellular levels of dopamine in the dorsolateral striatum , which was blocked by l - NAME .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "l - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that inhibition of cGMP - preferring PDE is involved in the locomotor activating effects of the acute administration of paraxanthine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present results demonstrate a unique psychostimulant profile of paraxanthine , which might contribute to the reinforcing effects of caffeine in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - specific modulation of brain glucocorticoid receptor and corticotropin - releasing hormone expression using lentiviral vectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) and corticotropin - releasing hormone ( CRH ) are important molecular regulators of an individual ' s ability to respond to stressful stimuli in an adaptive manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired signaling of both GR and CRH often leads to dysfunction of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis , which underlies the etiology of many affective disorders such as anxiety and depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies focusing on how GR and CRH influence the stress response are limited as they generalize to broad brain regions , thus hindering identification of how specific CNS nuclei contribute to maladaptive stress responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective is to distinguish the site - specific involvement of GR and CRH in limbic regions involved in the stress response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With that intent , we use lentiviral ( LV ) vectors in combination with transgenic mouse lines , enabling us to modify expression of GR or CRH in a very localized manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes the generation of several distinct LV vectors and transgenic mice models that will help further elucidate the site - specific actions of GR and CRH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular mystique of tetrodotoxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrodotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many respects tetrodotoxin ( TTX ) is the quintessential natural toxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrodotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "TTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is unequivocally toxic to mammals with LD ( 50 ) values for mice in the range of 10 mu g / kg ( intraperitoneal ) , 16 mu g / kg ( subcutaneous ) , and 332 mu g / kg ( oral ) ( Kao , 1966 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its biothreat status is recognized by its listing as a \" Select Agent \" by the US Department of Health and Human Services which includes regulated agents \" determined to have the potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health \" ( http : / / www . selectagents . gov / ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has a well - defined cellular target ( i . e . , NaV channels ) and pharmacological mode of action ( i . e . , block of nerve and muscle action potentials ) , and it is an indispensable chemical tool in neuroscience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widely distributed in marine and terrestrial ecosystems where it plays a role in the chemical ecology of predator - prey relationships and drives evolutionary selection of TTX - resistance ( Hanifin , 2010 ; Williams , 2010 ; Zimmer and Ferrer , 2007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , TTX has acquired a certain mystique in scientific lore attributable to many fascinating aspects of its natural history and molecular interactions as presented in selected summary below .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional information may be found in other excellent reviews ( Fozzard and Lipkind , 2010 ; Kao , 1966 ; Lee and Ruben , 2008 ; Narahashi , 2001 , 2008 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glast - expressing progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic ossification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterotopic ossification ( HO ) , acquired or hereditary , is the formation of true bone outside the normal skeleton .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the lineages of cells contributing to bone formation during normal development are well defined , the precise lineages of cells that contribute to HO are not clear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study utilized Cre - lox based genetic lineage tracing to examine the contribution to HO of cells that expressed either FoxD1 or Glast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both lineages contributed broadly to different normal tissues , and FoxD1 - cre labeled cells contributed to normal bone formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the similarity in labeling patterns of normal tissues , and the significant contribution of FoxD1 - cre labeled cells to normal bone , only Glast - creERT labeled progenitors contributed significantly to HO at all stages , suggesting that the cell populations that normally contribute to physiological bone formation , such as the Foxd1 - cre labeled cells , may not participate in pathological HO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , identification of Glast - expressing cells as precursors that give rise to HO should help with the molecular targeting of this population both for the prevention and for the treatment of HO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - tumor efficacy of chitosan - g - poly ( ethylene glycol ) nanocapsules containing docetaxel : anti - TMEFF - 2 functionalized nanocapsules vs . non - functionalized nanocapsules .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 64]}, {"entity": "docetaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development and evaluation of PEGylated chitosan ( CS ) nanocapsules ( NCs ) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody anti - TMEFF - 2 ( CS - PEG - anti - TMEFF - 2 mAb NCs ) for targeted delivery of docetaxel ( DCX ) is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "docetaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CS - PEG - Biotin NCs , displaying biotin tags at their surface , were obtained and efficiently functionalized with an anti - TMEFF - 2 mAb through a convenient avidin - biotin approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "Biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle analysis after treatment with different DCX - loaded CS - PEG NC formulations indicated that the encapsulated drug remained fully active , showing a similar functional behavior to free DCX .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo efficacy studies using a non - small cell lung carcinoma xenograft revealed that CS - PEG - anti - TMEFF - 2 NCs resulted as effective as free DCX ( Taxotere (R) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "Taxotere", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , differences on the pharmacodynamic behavior among the different DCX formulations were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , while free DCX exhibited a fast and short effect on tumor volume reduction , CS - PEG - anti - TMEFF - 2 mAb NCs showed a delayed and prolonged action , with no significant side effects of treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylethanoid glycosides from the stems of Callicarpa peii ( hemostatic drug ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenylethanoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new trisaccharide intermediates of phenylethanoid glycosides , peiioside A ( 1 ) / A ( 2 ) ( 1a / 1b ) and peiioside B ( 2 ) , were isolated from the n - BuOH fraction of MeOH extract of the stems of Callicarpa peii H . T .", "entity": [{"entity": "trisaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "phenylethanoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 64]}, {"entity": "peiioside A ( 1 ) / A ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 94]}, {"entity": "peiioside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "n - BuOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "MeOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chang , together with five biogenetic relevant known compounds 3 - 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods ( especially 2D - NMR techniques ) and acid - catalyzed hydrolysis as O - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 '' --> 3 ' ) - O - [ beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 ''' --> 6 ' ) ] - 4 ' - O - [ ( E ) - caffeoyl ] - d - glucopyranoside ] ( 1a / 1b ) , 3 , 4 - dihydroxy - beta - phenylethoxy - O - [ beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 ''' --> 6 ' ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 '' --> 3 ' ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ] ( 2 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 '' --> 3 ' ) - O - [ beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 ''' --> 6 ' ) ] - 4 ' - O - [ ( E ) - caffeoyl ] - d - glucopyranoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 319]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxy - beta - phenylethoxy - O - [ beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 ''' --> 6 ' ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 '' --> 3 ' ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [334, 510]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the isolated compounds , a presumable biogenetic pathway of the biologically interesting phenylethanoid glycosides about forsythoside B ( 3 ) and acteoside ( 4 ) isolated from this species was proposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylethanoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 130]}, {"entity": "forsythoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation of five related intermediates ( 1 - 2 , 5 - 7 ) provided further support for the biogenetic path .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report about phytochemical research on C . peii and the biogenetic hypothesis of forsythoside B and acteoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "forsythoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reducing effect of an extract of Phaseolus vulgaris on food intake in mice - - focus on highly palatable foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different lines of experimental evidence indicate that treatment with extracts from and derivatives of Phaseolus vulgaris reduces intake of food , including highly palatable foods and beverages , in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to extend to mice these lines of evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , CD1 mice were treated acutely with a standardized extract of P . vulgaris and then exposed to unlimited access to regular food pellets ( Experiment 1 ) or 1 - hour limited access to three different palatable foods / beverages , such as butter cookies ( Experiment 2 ) , a condensed - milk beverage ( Experiment 3 ) , and a chocolate - flavored beverage ( Experiment 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with P . vulgaris extract resulted in a significant reduction in the intake of regular food pellets , that was still evident 24h later , as well as of the three palatable nourishments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results ( a ) extend to mice several previous findings on the capacity of P . vulgaris extracts to suppress food intake in rats , ( b ) suggest that P . vulgaris extracts may interfere with the central mechanisms regulating appetite , food intake , palatability , and / or the rewarding and hedonic properties of food , and ( c ) P . vulgaris extracts may represent a potentially effective therapy for overeating , obesity , and food craving .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of tyrosinase inhibitors in the twigs of Cudrania tricuspidata and their structure - activity relationship study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The twigs of Cudrania tricuspidata were found to show strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity , and further detailed component analysis resulted in the isolation of a new flavanol glucoside , ( 2S , 3S ) - 2 , 3 - trans - dihydromorin - 7 - O - beta - d - glucoside ( 1 ) , plus twenty - seven known compounds ( 2 - 28 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavanol glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 187]}, {"entity": "( 2S , 3S ) - 2 , 3 - trans - dihydromorin - 7 - O - beta - d - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of ESI - MS and NMR spectral data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the isolated compounds , trans - dihydromorin ( 8 ) , oxyresveratrol ( 9 ) , and steppogenin ( 12 ) were found to exhibit significant tyrosinase inhibition activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - dihydromorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "oxyresveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "steppogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the structure - activity relationship of these isolated compounds was also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , synthesis , inhibition studies , and molecular modeling of pepstatin analogues addressing different secreted aspartic proteinases of Candida albicans .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepstatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The family of secreted aspartic proteinases is known as an important virulence factor of yeast infections by Candida albicans in particular , which is the most common fungal pathogen for humans with respect to systemic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the continuing increase of drug resistant strains , these proteinases are currently considered as promising drug target candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the known Sap2 - substrate specificity data and X - ray analyses of Sap / inhibitor complexes , three libraries of inhibitors were designed and synthesized by modifying the structure of pepstatin A , a common non - selective aspartic proteinase inhibitor , at the P3 , P2 , or P2 ' position .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepstatin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These novel inhibitors showed high inhibitory potencies for the isoenzymes Sap1 , Sap3 , Sap5 and Sap6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the affinity and selectivity of the peptide ligands were investigated by molecular modeling , highlighting new key structural information for the design of potent and selective anti - virulence agents targeting Candida albicans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FluidFM as a lithography tool in liquid : spatially controlled deposition of fluorescent nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atomic force microscope ( AFM ) is a powerful instrument for nanolithography , which is well characterized in air where the deposition process is steered by capillary action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , AFM patterning has been seldom achieved in liquid , mostly via electrochemical deposition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigates the pressure - controlled local deposition of nanoparticles in a liquid environment using a FluidFM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent 25 nm polystyrene nanospheres were chosen as nanoobjects to be dispensed because they enable both the in situ monitoring of the process by optical microscopy and the ex situ high - resolution characterization of the pattern by e . g . scanning electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FluidFM microchannel was filled with an aqueous solution of negatively charged nanoparticles to be delivered onto a glass surface coated with a polycation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An overpressure in the internal fluidic circuit leads to the deposition of nanoparticle dots and lines under the tip , while the force control regulates the contact between the probe and the surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanoparticle adsorption process depends both on applied pressure and contact time ( respectively tip velocity ) and can be described using the Langmuir approximation for the random sequential adsorption model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we observed that the force setpoint , which does not influence the capillary - driven mechanism in air , indeed affects the hydrodynamic resistance at the tip aperture and therefore the volumetric flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The described method demonstrates the potential of FluidFM in depositing nano - sized objects in liquid with nanometre precision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both CpG methylation and activation - induced deaminase are required for the fragility of the human bcl - 2 major breakpoint region : implications for the timing of the breaks in the t ( 14 ; 18 ) translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The t ( 14 ; 18 ) chromosomal translocation typically involves breakage at the bcl - 2 major breakpoint region ( MBR ) to cause human follicular lymphoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A theory to explain the striking propensity of the MBR breaks at three CpG clusters within the 175 - bp MBR region invoked activation - induced deaminase ( AID ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a test of that theory , we used here minichromosomal substrates in human pre - B cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the essential elements of the theory , we found that the MBR breakage process is indeed highly dependent on DNA methylation at the CpG sites and highly dependent on the AID enzyme to create lesions at peak locations within the MBR .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , breakage of the phosphodiester bonds at the AID - initiated MBR lesions is RAG dependent , but , unexpectedly , most are also dependent on Artemis .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphodiester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Artemis is capable of nicking small heteroduplex structures and is even able to nick single - base mismatches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This raises the possibility that activated Artemis , derived from the unjoined D to J ( H ) DNA ends at the IgH locus on chromosome 14 , nicks AID - generated TG mismatches at methyl CpG sites , and this would explain why the breaks at the chromosome 18 MBR occur within the same time window as those on chromosome 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative analysis of chromosome condensation in fission yeast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromosomes undergo extensive conformational rearrangements in preparation for their segregation during cell divisions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insights into the molecular mechanisms behind this still poorly understood condensation process require the development of new approaches to quantitatively assess chromosome formation in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we present a live - cell microscopy - based chromosome condensation assay in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By automatically tracking the three - dimensional distance changes between fluorescently marked chromosome loci at high temporal and spatial resolution , we analyze chromosome condensation during mitosis and meiosis and deduct defined parameters to describe condensation dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that this method can determine the contributions of condensin , topoisomerase II , and Aurora kinase to mitotic chromosome condensation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We furthermore show that the assay can identify proteins required for mitotic chromosome formation de novo by isolating mutants in condensin , DNA polymerase epsilon , and F - box DNA helicase I that are specifically defective in pro - / metaphase condensation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the chromosome condensation assay provides a direct and sensitive system for the discovery and characterization of components of the chromosome condensation machinery in a genetically tractable eukaryote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conserved PHD1 - PHD2 domain of ZFP - 1 / AF10 is a discrete functional module essential for viability in Caenorhabditis elegans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant homeodomain ( PHD ) - type zinc fingers play an important role in recognizing chromatin modifications and recruiting regulatory proteins to specific genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A specific module containing a conventional PHD finger followed by an extended PHD finger exists in the mammalian AF10 protein , among a few others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AF10 has mostly been studied in the context of the leukemic MLL - AF10 fusion protein , which lacks the N - terminal PHD fingers of AF10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this domain of AF10 is the most conserved region of the protein , its biological significance has not been elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we used genetic and biochemical approaches to examine the PHD1 - PHD2 region of the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of AF10 , zinc finger protein 1 ( ZFP - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the PHD1 - PHD2 region is essential for viability and that the first PHD finger contributes to the preferred binding of PHD1 - PHD2 to lysine 4 - methylated histone H3 tails .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we show that ZFP - 1 localization peaks overlap with H3K4 methylation - enriched promoters of actively expressed genes genomewide and that H3K4 methylation is important for ZFP - 1 localization to promoters in the embryo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We predict that the essential biological role of the PHD1 - PHD2 module of ZFP - 1 / AF10 is connected to the regulation of actively expressed genes during early development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glatiramer acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate have been mainstays of treatment in relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis for two decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "glatiramer acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkable advances in our understanding of immune function and dysfunction as well as increasingly sophisticated clinical trial design have stemmed from efforts to better understand these drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this chapter , we review the history of their development and elaborate on known and theorized mechanisms of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the pivotal clinical trials that have led to their widespread use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluate the clinical use of the drugs including tolerability , side effects , and efficacy measures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we look to the future of interferon beta and glatiramer acetate in the context of an ever growing armamentarium of treatments for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glatiramer acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - lasting inhibitory effect of apple and orange juices , but not grapefruit juice , on OATP2B1 - mediated drug absorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme - based grapefruit juice ( GFJ ) - drug interactions are mainly due to mechanism - based irreversible inhibition of metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 by GFJ components , but the transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide ( OATP ) 2B1 is also a putative site of interaction between drugs and fruit juices ( FJ ) in the absorption process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we aimed to investigate the effect of preincubation with FJ on OATP2B1 - mediated transport of drugs in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When OATP2B1 - expressing Xenopus oocytes were preincubated with GFJ , orange juice ( OJ ) , or apple juice ( AJ ) , AJ induced a remarkable decrease in OATP2B1 - mediated estrone - 3 - sulfate uptake in a concentration - dependent manner ( IC ( 50 ) = 1 . 5 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar but less potent effect was observed with OJ ( IC ( 50 ) = 21 % ) , whereas GFJ had no effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained in preincubation studies using fexofenadine .", "entity": [{"entity": "fexofenadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preincubation with OJ and AJ resulted in time - dependent inhibition of OATP2B1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Again , AJ had the more potent effect ; its action lasted for at least 240 minutes , suggesting that AJ irreversibly inhibits OATP2B1 - mediated drug uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic analysis revealed that coincubation and preincubation with AJ reduced OATP2B1 - mediated estrone - 3 - sulfate uptake via competitive and noncompetitive mechanisms , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , OATP2B1 is functionally impaired through both competitive and long - lasting inhibition mechanisms by AJ and OJ , but not GFJ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , although GFJ but not AJ is able to irreversibly inhibit CYP3A4 , in the case of OATP2B1 , AJ but not GFJ has a long - lasting inhibitory effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , complex FJ - drug interactions may occur in vivo , and their clinical significance should be examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vicilin and the basic subunit of legumin are putative chickpea allergens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IgE - mediated reactions to food allergens constitute a major health problem in industrialized countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chickpea is consumed in Mediterranean countries , and reportedly associated with IgE - mediated hypersensitivity reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the nature of allergic reactions to chickpea has not been characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A serum pool from paediatric patients allergic to chickpeas was used to detect IgE - binding proteins from chickpea seeds by immunoassay and immunoblot inhibition assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein samples enriched in chickpea legumin and vicilin were obtained by anion exchange chromatography , and were identified by mass spectrometric analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IgE - immunoassays of globulin fractions from chickpeas revealed that vicilin ( 50 kDa ) and the basic subunit of legumin ( 20 kDa ) were bound by IgE from patient sera .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pea and lentil protein extracts strongly inhibited the IgE binding to chickpea globulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate that vicilin and the basic subunit of legumin are major chickpea allergens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the globulin fraction of chickpea likely cross - reacts with the allergenic proteins of pea and lentil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of selenium exopolysaccharide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp . lactis .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exopolysaccharide ( EPS ) was isolated and purified from Lactococcus lactis subsp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactis culture broth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium chloride oxide ( SeCl ( 2 ) O ) was added to the EPS to synthesize selenium - exopolysaccharide ( Se - EPS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium chloride oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "SeCl ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of EPS and Se - EPS were compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPS and Se - EPS scavenged superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also increased catalase ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH - Px ) activity , while decreasing malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels in serum and in the livers of mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Se - EPS showed stronger in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity than were shown by EPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo immunoenhancement activity of EPS and Se - EPS induced by cyclophosphamide ( CY ) treatment in immunosuppressed mice was researched .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPS and Se - EPS treatments increased macrophage phagocytosis , spleen and thymus indices and haemolytic complement activity ( HC ( 50 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Se - EPS showed stronger immunomodulatory activity than did EPS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis during postmortem conditioning and its relationship to duck meat quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to examine the relationship of skeletal muscle apoptosis and postmortem development of meat quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colour , cooking loss , myofibril fragmentation index ( MFI ) and shear force of duck breast and thigh meat postmortem were measured , and changes of positive nuclei were assessed with Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - mediated deoxyuridine triphosphophate nick end - labelling method ( TUNEL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxynucleotidyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 210]}, {"entity": "deoxyuridine triphosphophate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation analysis revealed that apoptosis were positively correlated with colour ( L ( * ) , a ( * ) and b ( * ) ) , cooking loss and MFI ( P < 0 . 05 ) , while it is negatively correlated with shear force ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate the growing level of duck skeletal muscle cell apoptosis was associated with the postmortem development of meat quality traits such as meat colour , water holding capacity and tenderness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical characterisation of Alaska pollock , Pacific whiting , and threadfin bream surimi as affected by comminution conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt - soluble protein , surface reactive sulfhydryl content , and surface hydrophobicity of Alaska pollock , Pacific whiting , and threadfin bream surimi were characterised , as affected by various comminution conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chopping time / temperatures were explored in consideration of their habitat temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt - soluble protein ( SSP ) significantly decreased when chopping time was extended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corresponding to our follow - up study , no relationship between SSP and gel texture was found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface hydrophobicity was inversely proportional to SSP concentration , indicating the unfolding of protein upon comminution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alaska pollock surimi demonstrated aggregation during chopping at 10 and 20 degrees C , based on the surface hydrophobicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface reactive sulfhydryl ( SRSH ) contents of the three fish species behaved differently .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SH groups were oxidized to disulphide bonds when higher chopping temperature was applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "disulphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , increased SRSH content was not observed in Alaska pollock ( 10 and 20 degrees C chopping ) and threadfin bream paste ( 25 and 30 degrees C chopping ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of modified high - amylose maize starch - alpha - naphthol complexes and their influence on rheological properties of wheat starch .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - naphthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amylose can form inclusion complexes with diverse small molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified starch has different and unique properties compared with its native counterpart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , chemically / enzymatically modified high - amylose maize starches were used to make inclusion complexes with alpha - naphthol , and the physical properties of complexes and their influences on the rheology of wheat starch were characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - naphthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that modification of starch had little influence on the wide angle X - ray diffraction pattern of complex ( eightfold single helix ) , but did so on the complexation index and precipitation yield .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion complexes with chemically modified starch showed a lower range of thermostability and recrystallization temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of complex considerably influenced the rheological properties of wheat starch , and the effect was dependent on the type of modified starch used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may be concluded that starch inclusion complexes , with a range of properties and potential food applications , may be feasibly prepared by using diverse modified high - amylose maize starches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retention of aroma compounds from Mentha piperita essential oil by cyclodextrins and crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , the controlled release of aroma compounds from cyclodextrins ( CDs ) and CD polymers was studied by multiple headspace extraction ( MHE ) experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mentha piperita essential oil was obtained by Soxhlet extraction and identification of the major compounds was performed by GC - MS analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menthol , menthone , pulegone and eucalyptol were identified as the major components .", "entity": [{"entity": "Menthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "menthone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "pulegone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "eucalyptol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retention of standard compounds in the presence of different CDs and CD polymers has been realised by static headspace gas chromatography ( SH - GC ) at 25 degrees C in the aqueous or gaseous phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability constants for standard compounds and for compounds in essential oil have been also determined with monomeric CD derivatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained results indicated the formation of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex for all the studied compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modelling was used to investigate the complementarities between host and guest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study showed that beta - CDs were the most versatile CDs and that beta - CD polymers could perform the controlled release of aroma compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of ozone microbubble treatment on removal of residual pesticides and quality of persimmon leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the effects of ozone microbubble ( OMCB ) treatment on the removal of residual fenitrothion ( FT ) and benomyl pesticides from red and green persimmon leaves , and also the treatment effect on the leaf colours , physical properties and flavour .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "fenitrothion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "benomyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The continuous bubbling OMCB treatment was more effective than the non - bubbling OMCB treatments at reducing the FT and benomyl agricultural pesticide residues from both the red and green persimmon leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "benomyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the bubbling OMCB treatment had no effect on the colour and pulling strength of the leaves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the treatment by bubbling OMCB is an extremely effective method for removing the residues of FT and benomyl in persimmon leaves and has relatively little effect on leaf quality characteristics .", "entity": [{"entity": "benomyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of pectolytic enzyme addition and prefermentative mash heating during the winemaking process on the phenolic composition of Okuzgozu red wine .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of pectolytic enzyme addition and mash heating prior to fermentation on the phenolic component of Okuzgozu red wine during the winemaking and ageing processes were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the highest concentration of total phenolics was found in the mash - heated wines , whereas the total flavan - 3 - ol and total anthocyanin contents in all of the wines , decreased notably during the winemaking and ageing processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "flavan - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As determined by HPLC , hydroxycinnamic acids were the major phenolic acids in the red wines .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxycinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 45]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 6 months in the bottle , the enzyme - treated wines had lower phenolic acid concentrations than had the control and mash - heated wines , but no significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) differences were found in the concentration of total phenolic acids between the control and mash - heated wines .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the phenolic acid levels decreased with the winemaking and ageing processes whereas only gallic acid increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wines treated by the pectolytic enzyme addition had a lower monomeric flavan - 3 - ol content than had the other wines , and the amount of monomeric anthocyanins extracted did not increase with the addition of enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavan - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase / hydrolase genes ( XTHs ) and their expression in persimmon fruit as influenced by 1 - methylcyclopropene and gibberellic acid during storage at ambient temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - methylcyclopropene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 156]}, {"entity": "gibberellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase / hydrolase ( XTH ) is thought to contribute to fruit softening by degrading xyloglucan that is a predominant hemicellulose in the cell wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , two full - length XTH genes ( DKXTH1 and DKXTH2 ) were identified from ' Fupingjianshi ' persimmon fruit , and the expression level of both XTH genes was investigated during softening for 18 - 24 d using RT - qPCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis showed that DKXTH1 and DKXTH2 contained a putative open reading frame of 861 and 876 bp encoding polypeptides of 287 and 292 amino acid residues , respectively , which contained the conserved DEIDFEFLG motif of XTH , a potential N - linked glycosylation signal site .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RT - qPCR analysis showed that DKXTH1 and DKXTH2 in untreated fruit had different expression patterns during fruit softening , in which maximum expression occurred on days 3 and 12 of ripening , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Methylcyclopropene ( 1 - MCP ) and gibberellic acid ( GA ( 3 ) ) treatments delayed the softening and ethylene peak of persimmon fruit , as well as suppressed the expression of both XTH genes , especially DKXTH1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Methylcyclopropene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "1 - MCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "gibberellic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "GA ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that the expression of both XTH genes might be ethylene dependent action , and closely related to softening of persimmon in the early ( DKXTH1 ) and later ( DKXTH2 ) ripening stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production of the alpha - glycosidase inhibitor 1 - deoxynojirimycin from Bacillus species .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - deoxynojirimycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Deoxynojirimycin ( DNJ ) , a potent alpha - glycosidase inhibitor , has therapeutic applications in treatments of HIV , Gaucher ' s disease , and diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Deoxynojirimycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNJ has been extracted from natural sources ( mulberry leaves ) for therapeutic purposes ; however , DNJ ingredients are in limited supply and are costly to obtain on a large scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since certain strains of Bacillus and Streptomyces species reportedly produce DNJ , they may serve as potential sources for high - yield DNJ production .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we obtained evidence for a DNJ production in Bacillus subtilis DSM704 by hydrophilic interaction chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , from a screen of 750 microorganisms , we identified additional Bacillus strains ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 and Bacillus subtilis B4 ) that produce DNJ in large quantities .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of the effect of various culture conditions , using Bacillus subtilis DSM704 and the DNJ high - production Bacillus strains , provided evidence for the importance of sorbitol supplementation on the yield of the DNJ precursor , 2 - amino - 2 - deoxy - D - mannitol , thereby increasing DNJ production .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "sorbitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 228]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 2 - deoxy - D - mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 277]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of sorbitol in increased DNJ production was supported by an observed increase in mRNA expression of the biosynthetic gene , gabT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sorbitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 was cultured in medium supplemented with sorbitol , extracellular DNJ concentration reached a maximum of 460 mg / l of medium ( equivalent to 9 . 20mg / g of freeze - dried medium ) , indicating that this strain can serve as a source for food - and drug - grade products .", "entity": [{"entity": "sorbitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings not only lead to a further understanding of the DNJ biosynthetic pathway , but also suggest a method for microbial mass production of DNJ for therapeutic applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "DNJ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grape seed procyanidin extract modulates proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grape seed procyanidin extract ( GSPE ) modulates glucose homeostasis and insulinemia in several animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under pathological conditions , insulin levels are dependent on pancreatic beta - cell functionality , as well as on the beta - cell mass expansion or apoptosis in the pancreas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we analysed the effects of GSPE on modulating apoptosis and proliferation in beta - cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the effects of GSPE in the INS - 1E pancreatic beta - cell line , either under basal or altered conditions with high glucose , insulin or palmitate levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSPE enhanced the pro - apoptotic effect of high glucose and showed clear antiproliferative effects under high glucose , insulin and palmitate conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These antiproliferative effects are likely due to high molecular weight compounds contained in the extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSPE also modulated pro - and anti - apoptotic markers in the pancreas of rats fed a cafeteria diet , with the effect depending on the dose of GSPE and duration of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , GSPE is able to modulate apoptosis and proliferation of beta - cells under altered , but not basal , conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicochemical properties of lard - based diacylglycerols in blends with lard .", "entity": [{"entity": "diacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the study was to investigate how blending of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols affected the melting and crystallisation properties in a solid fat system .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "diacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lard - based diacylglycerols ( DAGs ) were blended with lard in various concentrations ( 0 % , 1 % , 5 % , 10 % , 20 % , 50 % , 60 % , 70 % , 80 % , 90 % , and 100 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The melting and crystallisation properties were investigated by the determination of dropping point ( DP ) , solid fat content ( SFC ) , differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) and X - ray diffraction ( XRD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the effects of DAGs were found to be dependent on concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DP was significantly ( P < 0 . 0001 ) decreased when DAGs were added to the lard from 5 - 50 % , whereas the DP was increased ( P < 0 . 0001 ) when the blends contained more than 60 % DAGs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DSC thermograms showed that DAGs changed the melting and crystallisation profiles of lard .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystallisation onset point increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) with increasing the DAG concentrations ( 10 - 100 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The melting peaks and off - set points generally shifted slightly towards higher temperatures as the content of DAGs increased above 50 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DAG content of 5 % and 10 % resulted in lowering of the off - set point .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lard contained both beta and beta ' crystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beta form was more pronounced in the blends with high concentrations of DAGs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blending of TAGs and DAGs may serve as a solution to achieve specific functional properties in products containing solid fats .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "DAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of acrylamide formation by vanadium salt in potato French fries and chips .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "vanadium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of vanadyl sulphate on the formation of acrylamide have been studied in fried potato products , such as French fries and chips .", "entity": [{"entity": "vanadyl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acrylamide formation was inhibited by 30 . 3 % , 53 . 3 % and 89 . 3 % when the sliced potato strips were soaked in 0 . 001 , 0 . 01 and 0 . 1 M vanadyl sulphate ( VOSO ( 4 ) ) solutions , respectively , for 60 min before frying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "vanadyl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 161]}, {"entity": "VOSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 57 . 7 % , 71 . 4 % and 92 . 5 % inhibition of acrylamide formation was observed when chips were soaked in the respective vanadyl sulphate solution before frying .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "vanadyl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a separate model reaction , a solution containing an equimolar concentration of L - asparagine and D - glucose showed a significant inhibition of acrylamide formation when heated at 150 degrees C for 30 min in the presence of vanadyl sulphate ( VOSO ( 4 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - asparagine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "D - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "vanadyl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 245]}, {"entity": "VOSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the binding of VO ( 2 + ) to asparagine and the decrease in the pH of the potato samples resulted in a significant reduction of acrylamide formation in fried potato products .", "entity": [{"entity": "VO ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "asparagine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of fluorine in milk samples via calcium - monofluoride by electrothermal molecular absorption spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "calcium - monofluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of fluorine in milk samples via the molecular absorption of calcium mono - fluoride ( CaF ) was performed using a HR - CS - ETAAS .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "calcium mono - fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 101]}, {"entity": "CaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , calcium was pipetted to graphite furnace together with samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of Ca and the graphite furnace program were optimised .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorine was determined in pyrolytically coated platforms at 606 . 440 nm applying a pyrolysis temperature of 700 degrees C and a molecule forming temperature of 2250 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , applying standard addition technique , F contents of several milk samples were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained by linear calibration and standard addition techniques were significantly different which can be attributed to non - spectral interferences in milk due to matrix concomitants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in order to tolerate the errors , the F contents of several milk samples were determined applying standard addition technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since the ingredients of milk samples change for different kinds , the F in each sample was determined from its own standard addition curve .", "entity": [{"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The range of F content for the milk samples were 0 . 027 - 0 . 543 mu g mL ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limit of detection and characteristic mass of the method were 0 . 26 and 0 . 13 ng of F , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterising protein , salt and water interactions with combined vibrational spectroscopic techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper a combination of NIR spectroscopy and FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy was used to elucidate the effects of different salts ( NaCl , KCl and MgSO ( 4 ) ) on structural proteins and their hydration in muscle tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "MgSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate multi - block technique Consensus Principal Component Analysis enabled integration of different vibrational spectroscopic techniques : macroscopic information obtained by NIR spectroscopy is directly related to microscopic information obtained by FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in protein secondary structure observed at different concentrations of salts were linked to changes in protein hydration affinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evidence for this was given by connecting the underlying FTIR bands of the amide I region ( 1700 - 1600 cm ( - 1 ) ) and the water region ( 3500 - 3000 cm ( - 1 ) ) with water vibrations obtained by NIR spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated that different cations affected structures of aromatic amino acid residues differently , which indicates that cation - pi interactions play an important role in determination of the final structure of protein molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "aromatic amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of nitrogen supply on the production of higher alcohols / esters and expression of flavour - related genes in cacha c a fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides the first attempt to analyse the influence of ammonium supplements on sugar - cane juice fermentation and the flavour profile in a cacha c a industrial process .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective was to find a relationship between higher alcohol / ester content and the transcription levels of the main genes involved in production of these compounds under cacha c a fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sugar - cane juice with a low amount of assimilable nitrogen ( 81 mg N / L ) , was further supplemented with mid - range or high concentrations of ammonium sulfate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "ammonium sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , higher alcohol production was reduced by ammonium supplementation , and this can be correlated with a general downregulation of genes encoding decarboxylases and dehydrogenases of the Ehrlich pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of acetate esters was enhanced by mid - range ammonium supplementation and the production of acyl esters by high ammonium supplementation .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "acyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acyl esters could be correlated with expression of alcohol acyl - transferase EEB1 and the acyl esterase IAH1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Near native binding of a fluorescent serotonin conjugate to serotonin type 3 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Described is the synthesis of 5 - hydroxytryptamine - tetramethylrhodamine ( 5HT * ) ; an indole nitrogen linked fluorescent conjugate of serotonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - hydroxytryptamine - tetramethylrhodamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 74]}, {"entity": "5HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "indole nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through a series fluorescence quenching experiments and experiments in the presence of a known competitive antagonist ( Granisetron ) , it was shown that 5HT * specifically binds to purified homo - pentameric type - 3 human serotonin receptors ( 5HT ( 3A ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "5HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 233]}, {"entity": "5HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measured dissociation constant and Hill coefficient are K ( d ) = 83 +/- 3 nM and n = 3 . 1 +/- 0 . 3 , respectively which is indicative of multi - ligand binding and cooperativity similar to that of unconjugated serotonin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of tricyclic cores for kinase inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest in therapeutic kinase inhibitors continues to grow beyond success in oncology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , ATP - mimetic kinase inhibitors have focused primarily on monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic cores .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to expand on the repertoire of potential cores for kinase inhibition by exploring tricyclic variants of classical bicyclic hinge binding motifs such as pyrrolopyridine and pyrrolopyrazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "pyrrolopyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we describe the syntheses of eight alternative tricyclic cores as well as in vitro screening results for representative kinases of potential therapeutic interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 ' - Modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides for the study of 2 - deoxyribose damage in DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - deoxyribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well - defined substrates for the study of oxidative processes are important for the elucidation of the role of DNA damage in the etiology of diseases such as cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have synthesized 3 ' - modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides ( ODNs ) using 5 ' --> 3 ' ' reverse ' DNA synthesis for the study of 2 - deoxyribose oxidative damage to DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - deoxyribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified monomers designed for these studies all share a common feature , they lack the naturally occurring 3 ' - hydroxyl group found in 2 - deoxyribonucleosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 ' - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 126]}, {"entity": "2 - deoxyribonucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified H - phosphonates containing 3 ' - phenyl selenides as well as saturated and unsaturated sugars were obtained and incorporated in ODNs .", "entity": [{"entity": "H - phosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "3 ' - phenyl selenides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 59]}, {"entity": "saturated and unsaturated sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 103]}, {"entity": "ODNs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ODNs were used to investigate the fate of C3 ' - dideoxyribonucleotide radicals in DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODNs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "C3 ' - dideoxyribonucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of nosokophic acid , a predicted intermediate of moenomycins , from nosokomycin - producing Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "nosokophic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "moenomycins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "nosokomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K04 - 0144 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new actinomycete metabolite designated nosokophic acid was isolated from the culture broth of nosokomycin - producing Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "nosokophic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "nosokomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K04 - 0144 , and the structure was elucidated by various NMR experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nosokophic acid was found to be 3 - phosphoglycosyl - 2 - sesquiterpenyl dihydroxypropionic acid , a predicted biosynthetic intermediate of nosokomycin - related moenomycins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nosokophic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "3 - phosphoglycosyl - 2 - sesquiterpenyl dihydroxypropionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 96]}, {"entity": "nosokomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}, {"entity": "moenomycins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound showed no activity against MRSA , but potentiated imipenem activity against MRSA by 512 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of new N - ( arylcyclopropyl ) acetamides and N - ( arylvinyl ) acetamides as conformationally - restricted ligands for melatonin receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( arylcyclopropyl ) acetamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 51]}, {"entity": "N - ( arylvinyl ) acetamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 84]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - ( Arylcyclopropyl ) acetamides and N - ( arylvinyl ) acetamides or methyl ureas have been prepared as constrained analogues of melatonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( Arylcyclopropyl ) acetamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "N - ( arylvinyl ) acetamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 67]}, {"entity": "methyl ureas", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The affinity of these new compounds for chicken brain melatonin receptors and recombinant human MT ( 1 ) and MT ( 2 ) receptors was evaluated using 2 - [ ( 125 ) I ] - iodomelatonin as radioligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "2 - [ ( 125 ) I ] - iodomelatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strict ethylenic or cyclopropyl analogues of the commercialized agonist agomelatine ( Valdoxan (R) ) were equipotent to agomelatine in binding bioassays .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "cyclopropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "agomelatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "Valdoxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "agomelatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the ethylenic analogue was more effective than the cyclopropyl one in the melanophore aggregation bioassay , but was still less potent than the disubstituted 2 , 7 - dimethoxy - naphtalenic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "cyclopropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "2 , 7 - dimethoxy - naphtalenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - benzimidazole containing inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several non - benzimidazole containing inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Core template modification , analysis of antiviral activity , physicochemistry and optimisation of properties led to the thiazole - imidazole 13 , that showed a good potency and pharmacokinetic profile in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of novel 2 - methyl - 4 , 5 - substitutedbenzo [ f ] - 3 , 3a , 4 , 5 - tetrahydro - pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - d ] [ 1 , 4 ] oxazepin - 8 ( 7H ) - one derivatives as telomerase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methyl - 4 , 5 - substitutedbenzo [ f ] - 3 , 3a , 4 , 5 - tetrahydro - pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - d ] [ 1 , 4 ] oxazepin - 8 ( 7H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight novel 4 , 5 - tetrahydropyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - d ] [ 1 , 4 ] oxazepine derivatives have been synthesized and purified to be screened for anticancer activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 , 5 - tetrahydropyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - d ] [ 1 , 4 ] oxazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By a modified TRAP assay , some titled compounds were tested against telomerase , and compound 4a showed the most potent inhibitory activity with IC ( 50 ) value at 0 . 78 +/- 0 . 22 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot assays showed that compounds 4a and 4b could inhibit expression of Cyclin D1 , TERT , phospho - AKT and PI3K / AKT pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triazole - based inhibitors of geranylgeranyltransferase II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small set of triazole bisphosphonates has been prepared and tested for the ability to inhibit geranylgeranyltransferase II ( GGTase II ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole bisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds were prepared through use of click chemistry to assemble a central triazole that links a polar head group to a hydrophobic tail .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit GGTase II in an in vitro enzyme assay and also were tested for cytotoxic activity in an MTT assay with the human myeloma RPMI - 8226 cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most potent enzyme inhibitor was the triazole with a geranylgeranyl tail , which suggests that inhibitors that can access the enzyme region that holds the isoprenoid tail will display greater activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "geranylgeranyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "isoprenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of ganodermanondiol isolated from the Lingzhi mushroom against tert - butyl hydroperoxide - induced hepatotoxicity through Nrf2 - mediated antioxidant enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "tert - butyl hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ganodermanondiol , a biologically active compound , was isolated from the Lingzhi mushroom ( Ganoderma lucidum ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study examined the protective effects of ganodermanondiol against tert - butyl hydroperoxide ( t - BHP ) - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "tert - butyl hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 104]}, {"entity": "t - BHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ganodermanondiol protected human liver - derived HepG2 cells through nuclear factor - E2 - related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) pathway - dependent heme oxygenase - 1 expressions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , ganodermanondiol increased cellular glutathione levels and the expression of the glutamine - cysteine ligase gene in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ganodermanondiol exposure enhanced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) and its upstream kinase activators , LKB1 and Ca ( 2 + ) / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase - II ( CaMKII ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "adenosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 95]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study indicates that ganodermanondiol exhibits potent cytoprotective effects on t - BHP - induced hepatotoxicity in human liver - derived HepG2 cells , presumably through Nrf2 - mediated antioxidant enzymes and AMPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "ganodermanondiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "t - BHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory effects of trans - 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 2 , 3 - epoxypropane - 1 - one mediated by suppression of inflammatory mediators in LPS - stimulated RAW 264 . 7 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 2 , 3 - epoxypropane - 1 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the potential therapeutic properties of trans - 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 2 , 3 - epoxypropane - 1 - one ( DPEP ) , its anti - inflammatory effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulated mouse macrophage ( RAW 264 . 7 ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - 1 , 3 - diphenyl - 2 , 3 - epoxypropane - 1 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 107]}, {"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPEP induced dose - dependent reduction of the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) and concomitant reduction in the production of NO and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) ( PGE ( 2 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 216]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , DPEP suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines , including tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , interleukin ( IL ) - 1 beta , and IL - 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the mechanism by which DPEP inhibits NO and PGE ( 2 ) by examining the level of nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) activation within the mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway , which is an inflammation - induced signaling pathway in RAW 264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPEP inhibited LPS - induced phosphorylation of ERK , JNK , and p38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DPEP inhibited the LPS - induced phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B ( I kappa B ) - alpha and NF - kappa B p50 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the results of this study demonstrate that DPEP inhibits LPS - stimulated inflammation by blocking the NF - kappa B and MAPK pathways in macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioprotection by two phenolic compounds : chlorogenic and quinic acid , on X - ray induced DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic and quinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to determine the radioprotective effect of two phytochemicals , namely , quinic acid and chlorogenic acid , against X - ray irradiation - induced genomic instability in non - tumorigenic human blood lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective ability of two phenolic acids against radiation - induced DNA damage was assessed using the alkaline comet assay in human blood lymphocytes isolated from two healthy human donors .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Siemens Mevatron MD2 ( Siemens AG , USA , 1994 ) linear accelerator was used for irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the alkaline comet assay revealed that quinic acid and chlorogenic acid decreased the DNA damage induced by X - ray irradiation and provided a significant radioprotective effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinic acid decreased the presence of irradiation - induced DNA damage by 5 . 99 - 53 . 57 % and chlorogenic acid by 4 . 49 - 48 . 15 % , as determined by the alkaline comet assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that quinic acid and chlorogenic acid may act as radioprotective compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future studies should focus on determining the mechanism by which these phenolic acids provide radioprotection .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive inhibition of human alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 GABAA receptors by mixtures of commonly used drugs of abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yearly , exposure to drugs of abuse results in ~ 1 million emergency department visits in the US .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ~ 50 % of the visits , stimulant drugs like cocaine and amphetamine - like substances ( e . g . 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA , the main active ingredient of ecstasy ) ) are involved , whereas in ~ 60 % multiple drugs are involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 136]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These drugs induce higher dopamine and serotonin levels resulting in drug - induced toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since GABA receptors ( GABA - R ) provide the main inhibitory input on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons , drug - induced inhibition of GABA - R could contribute to higher neurotransmitter levels and thus toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore investigated the effects of combinations of commonly abused stimulant drugs ( cocaine , MDMA , 3 , 4 - methylenedioxyamphetamine ( MDA ) and meta - chlorophenylpiperazine ( mCPP ) ) on the function of the human alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 GABAA receptor ( hGABAA - R ) , expressed in Xenopus oocytes , using the two - electrode voltage - clamp technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxyamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 141]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "meta - chlorophenylpiperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 183]}, {"entity": "mCPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These drugs concentration - dependently inhibited the GABA - evoked current ( mCPP > cocaine > MDMA > MDA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "mCPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most drug combinations decreased the GABA - evoked current stronger than the single drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additivity was observed during combined exposure to low concentrations of cocaine and mCPP as well as during combined exposure to MDA with cocaine or mCPP .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "mCPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "mCPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , combinations containing MDMA mainly resulted in sub - additivity or no additivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At drug concentrations relevant for clinical toxicology , co - exposure to >= 2 drugs can decrease the GABA - evoked current in an additive manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in patients exposed to multiple drugs , inhibitory GABA - ergic input is reduced more prominently , likely resulting in higher brain dopamine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As this will increase the risk for drug - induced toxicity , treatment of drug - intoxicated patients with drugs that enhance GABA - ergic input should be further optimized .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A self - assembled nanocarrier loading teniposide improves the oral delivery and drug concentration in tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We attempted to improve the oral delivery of lipophilic teniposide to achieve higher drug concentration in tumor by self - assembled nanocarrier for further oral chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The teniposide loaded self - assembled nanocarrier ( TSN ) was spherical nanometric particles with narrow size distribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intestinal absorption of teniposide from TSN was obviously improved 4 . 09 - and 6 . 35 - fold in duodenum and jejunum at 0 . 5h after oral administration , then significantly decreased with the prolongation of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular uptake of TSN in Caco - 2 cell monolayer was significantly enhanced over 3 folds and increased with incubation time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , TSN could be internalized into Caco - 2 cell monolayer through clathrin - mediated endocytosis pathway , and then mainly transported into the systemic circulation via portal vein and intestinal lymphatic pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the AUC ( 0 - t ) value of TSN in rats was significantly improved 5 . 41 - fold than that of teniposide solution , moreover , the teniposide concentration in tumor from TSN was obviously improved over 7 - fold in tumor bearing mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The captured image indicated that the oral administered TSN could specifically accumulate in tumor in the xenograft model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the self - assembled nanocarrier was promising to enhance the oral delivery of lipophilic teniposide and its concentration in tumor for oral chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "teniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined delivery of BMP - 2 and bFGF from nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels and its effect on bone regeneration in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the process of bone regeneration , a multitude of morphogenetic signaling factors regulate cellular behavior and ultimately tissue response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These factors are presented to cells under strong spatial and temporal control , which stresses the relevance of controlled delivery of multiple growth factors for bone tissue regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This demand for biomimetic delivery has prompted the development of a novel generation of biomaterials that is capable of delivering multiple growth factors in a controlled manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the current study has exploited the strong capacity of colloidal gels solely made of oppositely charged gelatin nanospheres to obtain controlled release of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release kinetics of dual delivery of osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein - 2 ( BMP - 2 ) and angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) were investigated in vitro by radiolabeling the respective growth factors and monitoring their release in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the effect of single or dual delivery of BMP - 2 and bFGF on bone regeneration was evaluated in vivo using a rat femoral condyle defect model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro results confirmed that the delivery kinetics of BMP - 2 and / or bFGF are more dependent on the degree of crosslinking than on the type of gelatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequential release characterized by rapid release of angiogenic bFGF and more sustained release of BMP - 2 was obtained by loading bFGF onto cationic nanospheres of low crosslinking density and BMP - 2 onto anionic nanospheres of high crosslinking density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo study demonstrated the biocompatibility and biodegradability of bare colloidal gelatin gels , and did not show any adverse effects on the process of bone healing after 4 week of implantation since the volumes of new bone formation were comparable to empty control defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An obvious stimulatory effect on bone regeneration was observed for the colloidal gels loaded with BMP - 2 , whereas bFGF - loaded colloidal gelatin gels did not influence the rate of bone regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the combined delivery of BMP - 2 and bFGF resulted into an inhibitory effect on osteogenesis under the current experimental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summarizing , the current study proved that nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels are suitable carriers for programmed and sustained release of multiple therapeutic proteins for tissue regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of drying and cooking process on the phytochemical content , antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties of two bell Capsicum annum L . cultivars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study evaluates the influence of drying and cooking processes on the health properties of two bell Capsicum annuum L . cultivars Roggiano and Senise compared with fresh peppers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The content of phytochemicals decreased in the order fresh > dried > dried frying processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPLC analysis was applied to quantify five flavonoids from peppers .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apigenin was identified as main constituent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its content was affected by drying and dried frying processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH , ABTS , beta - carotene bleaching test and Fe - chelating activity assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparable radical scavenging activity was observed for both cultivars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , frying process did not influenced this property .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Roggiano peppers exhibited the highest antioxidant activity using beta - carotene bleaching test with IC ( 50 ) values of 38 . 1 and 24 . 9 mu g / mL for total extract and n - hexane fraction , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GC - MS analysis of lipophilic fraction revealed the presence of fatty acids and vitamin E as major components .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the inhibition of the carbohydrate - hydrolyzing enzymes fresh Senise peppers exerted the strongest activity against alpha - amylase with an IC ( 50 ) value of 55 . 3 mu g / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that C . annuum cultivars Roggiano and Senise have an interestingly potential health benefits not influenced by processes that are used before consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of an apoptotic signal transduction pathway involved in the upregulation of calpain and apoptosis - inducing factor in aldosterone - induced primary cultured cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , aldosterone ( ALD ) - induced apoptosis of cardiomyocyte was evaluated based on the previous studies , and the roles of calpain signaling were clarified .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes were injured by ALD ( 0 . 01 - 10 mu M ) for varying time periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the effects of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid ( EGTA ) ( 0 . 5 mM ) , calpeptin ( 2 . 5 mu M ) , and spironoclactone ( 10 mu M ) were evaluated on cardiomyocytes activated by ALD .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 54]}, {"entity": "EGTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "calpeptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "spironoclactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiomyocytes that were injured by ALD were assayed by the MTT and LDH leakage ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis was evaluated by a TUNEL assay , annexin V / PI staining , and caspase - 3 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of cleavage of Bid ( tBid ) , calpain and apoptosis - inducing factor ( AIF ) was evaluated by western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALD increased calpain expression and caspase - 3 activity and promoted Bid cleavage .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also induced the release of AIF from mitochondria into the cytosol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The upregulation of calpain , tBid and caspase - 3 activity were further inhibited by treatment with EGTA in the presence of ALD .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , AIF levels in the cytosol decreased due to EGTA but not due to calpeptin .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "calpeptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was also accompanied by a significant decrease in apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , treatment with spironoclactone not only attenuated the pro - apoptotic effect of ALD but reversed the ALD - induced increase of calpain and AIF levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "spironoclactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHA supplementation : current implications in pregnancy and childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary supplementation with omega - 3 long chain fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) has increased in popularity in recent years and adequate DHA supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood is of clinical importance .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 long chain fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 61]}, {"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some evidence has been built for the neuro - cognitive benefits of supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( LCPUFA ) such as DHA during pregnancy ; however , recent data indicate that the anti - inflammatory properties may be of at least equal significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 126]}, {"entity": "LCPUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adequate DHA availability in the fetus / infant optimizes brain and retinal maturation in part by influencing neurotransmitter pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory properties of LCPUFA are largely mediated through modulation of signaling either directly through binding to receptors or through changes in lipid raft formation and receptor presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LCPUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal is to review the current findings on DHA supplementation , specifically in pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment , as a pharmacologic agent with both preventative and therapeutic value .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the overall benefits of DHA , maternal and infant supplementation may improve neurological outcomes especially in vulernable populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , optimal composition of the supplement and dosing and treatment strategies still need to be determined to lend support for routine supplementation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression profiles of hippocampal regenerative sprouting - related genes and their regulation by E - 64d in a developmental rat model of penicillin - induced recurrent epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E - 64d ( a calpain and autophagy inhibitor ) has previously been shown safe for the treatment of Alzheimer ' s disease in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the potential protective mechanism of E - 64d on hippocampal aberrant mossy fiber sprouting was examined in a developmental rat model of penicillin - induced recurrent epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A seizure was induced by penicillin every other day in Sprague - Dawley rats from postnatal day 21 ( P21 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats were randomly assigned into the control group ( CONT1 ) , the control plus E - 64d ( CONT2 ) , the seizure group ( EXP1 ) and the seizure plus E - 64d ( EXP2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On P51 , mossy fiber sprouting and related gene expression in hippocampus were assessed by Timm staining and real - time RT - PCR methods , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To validate the RT - PCR results , western blot analysis was performed on selected genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E - 64d obviously suppressed the aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the supragranular region of dentate gyrus and CA3 subfield of hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the total twelve genes , six genes were strongly up - ( MT - 3 , ACAT1 , clusterin and ApoE ) or down - ( ZnT - 1 and PRG - 3 ) regulated by developmental seizures ( EXP1 ) compared with that in the CONT1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up - regulation of ApoE and Clusterin was blocked by pretreatment with E - 64d both in mRNA and protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , E - 64d - pretreated seizure rats ( EXP2 ) showed a significant downregulation of mRNA expression of PRG - 1 , PRG - 3 and PRG - 5 , cathepsin B and ApoE , as well as up - regulated nSMase and ANX7 in hippocampus when compared with EXP1 rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the present study suggest that E - 64d , an elective inhibitor of calpain and autophagy , is potentially useful in the treatment of developmental seizure - induced brain damage both by regulating abnormal zinc signal transduction and through the modulation of altered lipid metabolism via ApoE / clusterin pathway in hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - 64d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on a rhein - producing endophytic fungus isolated from Rheum palmatum L .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheum palmatum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Chinese rhubarb ) is a highly regarded medicinal plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its dominant active constituents are anthraquinones including emodin , aloe - emodin , rhein , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthraquinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "emodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "aloe - emodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhein naturally occurs in anthraquinone ( 1 , 3 , 8 - trihydroxy - 6 - methyl anthraquinone ) , which is found in R . palmatum L . and related plants such as rhubarb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "anthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 , 8 - trihydroxy - 6 - methyl anthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has good antitumor , anti - inflammatory , anticancer , antimicrobial and hemostatic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a total of 14 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from R . palmatum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All fungal isolates were fermented in liquid PDA medium and their extracts were preliminarily analyzed by antibacterial reactions , magnesium acetate - methanol reagent and Borntraiger ' s reaction , and the strain reselection was made by thin - layer chromatography ( TLC ) , high - performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) and LC - MS to identify the fermentation products of the selected strains and confirmed through a comparison with authentic standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 149]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extract from one strain , R13 , showed positive reactions with both reagents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strain R13 had a component with the same TLC ( Rf ) value and HPLC , LC - MS retention time as authentic rhein standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yield of rhein in R13 can reach 5 . 672mgl ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fungi were identified as Fusarium solani by using both ITS rDNA sequencing and spore morphology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical analysis of the triterpenoids with cytotoxicity and QR inducing properties from the total tea seed saponin of Camellia sinensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tea seed triterpene saponin ( TS ) from Camellia sinensis was found to exhibit better antitumor activity in vivo in S180 implanted ICR mice and QR inducing activity for hepa lclc7 cells respectively compared with the total tea seed saponin ( TTS ) , hydrolysate of the TTS and tea seed flavonoid glycosides ( TF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpene saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 243]}, {"entity": "flavonoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 310]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By bioassay - guided isolation , the TS fraction was separated and seven major components were purified and identified as theasaponin E1 ( 1 ) , theasaponin E2 ( 2 ) , theasaponin C1 ( 3 ) , assamsaponin C ( 4 ) , theasaponin H1 ( 5 ) , theasaponin A9 ( 6 ) , and theasaponin A8 ( 7 ) , among which compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this genus for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "theasaponin E1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "theasaponin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 159]}, {"entity": "theasaponin C1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 182]}, {"entity": "assamsaponin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 205]}, {"entity": "theasaponin H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 228]}, {"entity": "theasaponin A9", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 251]}, {"entity": "theasaponin A8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antitumor bioassay of the isolated compounds showed that compounds 1 , 2 and 3 exhibited potential activities against the human tumor cell lines K562 and HL60 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , compound 1 ( the major constituent with a mass content of over 1 % ) showed significant QR inducing activity with an IR value of 4 . 2 at 4 mu g / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it can be concluded that tea seed especially the compound 1 ( theasaponin E1 ) could be used as an antitumor agent and a chemoprevention agent of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "theasaponin E1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preliminary structure - activity relationship in the anti - tumor activity and QR inducing activity of tea saponins was discussed briefly .", "entity": [{"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the structure of aspongopusin recently isolated from Aspongopus chinensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspongopusin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2 , 5 - disubstituted oxazole recently proposed for aspongopusin , a natural product isolated from Aspongopus chinensis , was synthesized through an unambiguous route .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - disubstituted oxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 33]}, {"entity": "aspongopusin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic sample showed ( 1 ) H and ( 13 ) C NMR entirely different from those in the literature , revealing that the initially assigned structure was incorrect .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectroscopic data for the given structure are thus made available for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA polymerase minor groove interactions modulate mutagenic bypass of a templating 8 - oxoguanine lesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major base lesion resulting from oxidative stress is 8 - oxo - 7 , 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine ( 8 - oxoG ) that has ambiguous coding potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxo - 7 , 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 103]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Error - free DNA synthesis involves 8 - oxoG adopting an anti - conformation to base pair with cytosine whereas mutagenic bypass involves 8 - oxoG adopting a syn - conformation to base pair with adenine .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "adenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left unrepaired the syn - 8 - oxoG / dAMP base pair results in a G - C to T - A transversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "syn - 8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "dAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During base excision repair of this mispair , DNA polymerase ( pol ) beta is confronted with gap filling opposite 8 - oxoG .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine how pol beta discriminates between anti - and syn - 8 - oxoG , we introduced a point mutation ( R283K ) to alter insertion specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "anti - and syn - 8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic studies demonstrate that this substitution results in an increased fidelity opposite 8 - oxoG .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural studies with R283K pol beta show that the binary DNA complex has 8 - oxoG in equilibrium between anti - and syn - forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ternary complexes with incoming dCTP resemble the wild - type enzyme , with templating anti - 8 - oxoG base pairing with incoming cytosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "dCTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "anti - 8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to wild - type pol beta , the ternary complex of the R283K mutant with an incoming dATP - analogue and templating 8 - oxoG resembles a G - A mismatched structure with 8 - oxoG adopting an anti - conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "dATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that the incoming nucleotide is unable to induce a syn - 8 - oxoG conformation without minor groove DNA polymerase interactions that influence templating ( anti - / syn - equilibrium ) of 8 - oxoG while modulating fidelity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "syn - 8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of long - term co - administration of Wuzhi tablet ( Schisandra sphenanthera extract ) and prednisone on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tacrolimus ( TAC ) is an immunosuppressant that has been widely used alone or in combination with prednisone ( PRED ) to prevent acute rejection after organ transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wuzhi tablet ( WZ , Schisandra sphenanthera extract ) is often prescribed with TAC to prevent drug - induced hepatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported that WZ could significantly increase TAC blood exposure by inhibiting P - gp - mediated efflux and CYP3A - mediated metabolism of TAC .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRED is also a substrate of P - gp and is a weak inducer of CYP3A , and drug - drug interactions within this combination therapy might occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long - term treatment of WZ and PRED on the pharmacokinetics of TAC in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 14 days of co - administration of WZ and PRED , the AUC ( 0 - 24h ) of oral TAC was increased ( from 59 . 6 +/- 37 . 3 to 95 . 3 +/- 39 . 4 ng h / ml , p = 0 . 18 ) and the clearance was decreased ( from 38 . 4 +/- 28 . 4 to 17 . 7 +/- 6 . 4 l / h / kg , p = 0 . 15 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When only co - administered with WZ , AUC ( 0 - 24h ) of TAC was demonstrated a significantly increase ( from 59 . 6 +/- 37 . 3 to 135 . 9 +/- 34 . 8 ng h / ml , p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concomitant administration of PRED resulted in a reduction in the systemic exposure of TAC and an increase in its clearance , though neither was statistically significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , our study suggested that the presence of WZ and PRED still could increase the systemic exposure of TAC in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug - drug interactions among this combination therapy should still be taken into consideration in clinical practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naturally occurring HCA1 missense mutations result in loss of function : potential impact on lipid deposition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydroxy - carboxylic acid receptor ( HCA1 ) is a G protein - coupled receptor that is highly expressed on adipocytes and considered a potential target for the treatment of dyslipidemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxy - carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , we investigated the pharmacological properties of naturally occurring variants in this receptor ( H43Q , A110V , S172L , and D253H ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After transient expression of these receptors into human embryonic kidney 293 cells , basal and ligand - induced signaling were assessed using luciferase reporter gene assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A110V , S172L , and D253 variants showed reduced basal activity ; the S172L mutant displayed a decrease in potency to the endogenous ligand L - lactate .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the S172L and D253H variants also showed impaired cell surface expression , which may in part explain the reduced activity of these receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of a loss in HCA1 function on lipid accumulation was investigated in the adipocyte cell line , OP9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these cells , endogenous HCA1 transcript levels rapidly increased and reached maximal levels 3 days after the addition of differentiation media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of HCA1 using siRNA resulted in an increase in lipid accumulation as assessed by quantification of Nile Red staining and TLC analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nile Red", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that lipid homeostasis may be altered in carriers of selected HCA1 missense variants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory sesquiterpene derivatives from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve new dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters , triptersinines A - L ( 1 - 12 ) , and eight known sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyol esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 56]}, {"entity": "triptersinines A - L", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "pyridine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses , including UV , IR , and NMR experiments ( ( 1 ) H - ( 1 ) H COSY , NOESY , HSQC , and HMBC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in an in vitro bioassay , compounds 1 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 , and 18 showed moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in LPS - induced macrophages at 5 mu M ; all compounds were inactive when tested against five human cancer cell lines ( IC ( 50 ) values > 1 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioassay - guided isolation of proanthocyanidins with antiangiogenic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proangiogenic members of the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) family and related receptors play a central role in the modulation of pathological angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to identify plant compounds able to interfere in the VEGFs / VEGFR - 1 ( Flt - 1 ) recognition by VEGF family members , the extracts of the aerial parts of Campsiandra guayanensis and Feretia apodanthera were screened by a competitive ELISA - based assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using this bioassay - oriented approach five proanthocyanindins , including the new natural compounds ( 2S ) - 4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxyflavan - ( 4 beta --> 8 ) - afzelechin ( 1 ) and ( 2S ) - 4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxyflavan - ( 4 beta --> 8 ) - epiafzelechin ( 2 ) and the known geranin B ( 3 ) , proanthocyanidin A2 ( 4 ) , and proanthocyanidin A1 ( 5 ) , were isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "proanthocyanindins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "( 2S ) - 4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxyflavan - ( 4 beta --> 8 ) - afzelechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 176]}, {"entity": "( 2S ) - 4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxyflavan - ( 4 beta --> 8 ) - epiafzelechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 261]}, {"entity": "geranin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 291]}, {"entity": "proanthocyanidin A2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 319]}, {"entity": "proanthocyanidin A1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study of the antiangiogenic activities of compounds 1 - 5 using ELISA and SPR assays showed compound 1 as being the most active .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiangiogenic activity of 1 was also confirmed in vivo by the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated 1 as a new antiangiogenic compound inhibiting the interaction between VEGF - A or PlGF and their receptor VEGRF - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly ordered cobalt - phthalocyanine chains on fractional atomic steps : one - dimensionality and electron hybridization .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "phthalocyanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precisely controlled fabrication of low - dimensional molecular structures with tailored morphologies and electronic properties is at the heart of the nanotechnology research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , the formation of one - dimensional ( 1D ) structures has been strongly desired due to their expected high performance for information processing in electronic / magnetic devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , however , they have been obtained by tough and slow methods such as manipulation of individual molecules , which are totally unsuited for mass production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that highly ordered cobalt - phthalocyanine chains can be self - assembled on a metal surface using fractional atomic steps as a template .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "phthalocyanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrate that the substrate surface electrons , which can be confined by cobalt - phthalocyanine molecules , can propagate along the step arrays and can hybridize with the molecular orbitals .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "phthalocyanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide a significant step toward readily realization of 1D charge / spin transport , which can be mediated either directly by the molecules or by the surface electrons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of small molecule vanin inhibitors : new tools to study metabolism and disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vanins are enzymes with pantetheinase activity and are presumed to play a role in the recycling of pantothenic acid ( vitamin B5 ) from pantetheine .", "entity": [{"entity": "pantothenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "vitamin B5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "pantetheine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient required to synthesize coenzyme A , a cofactor involved in many biological processes such as fatty acid synthesis and oxidation of pyruvate to fuel the citric acid cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pantothenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}, {"entity": "citric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrolysis of pantetheine also liberates cysteamine , a known antioxidant .", "entity": [{"entity": "pantetheine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vanin - 1 is highly expressed in liver and is under transcriptional control of PPAR - alpha and nutritional status , suggesting a role in energy metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of potent and specific inhibitors of vanins has hampered detailed investigation of their function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hereby report the design , synthesis , and characterization of a novel pantetheine analogue , RR6 , that acts as a selective , reversible , and competitive vanin inhibitor at nanomolar concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "pantetheine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "RR6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of RR6 in rats completely inhibited plasma vanin activity and caused alterations of plasma lipid concentrations upon fasting , thereby illustrating its potential use in chemical biology research .", "entity": [{"entity": "RR6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical characterization of X - ray absorption , emission , and photoelectron spectra of nitrogen doped along graphene edges .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K - edge X - ray absorption ( XAS ) , emission ( XES ) , and photoelectron ( XPS ) spectra of nitrogen doped along graphene edges are systematically investigated by using first - principles methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we considered pyridinium - like , pyridine - like , cyanide - like , and amine - like nitrogens at armchair and zigzag edges and pyrrole - like nitrogen at armchair edge as well as graphite - like nitrogen at graphene interior site .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "cyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "nitrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 203]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that nitrogen configuration and its location ( armchair or zigzag edge ) in nitrogen - doped graphene can be identified via the spectral analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "nitrogen - doped graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , some controversial spectral features observed in experiment for N - doped graphene - like materials are unambiguously assigned .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - doped graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present analysis gives an explanation to the reason why the peak assignment is usually made differently between XPS and XAS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of the potential oxidative stress induced by six solvents in the rat brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms of action involved in the neurotoxicity of solvents are poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro studies have suggested that the effects of some solvents might be due to the formation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study assesses hydroxyl radical ( OH ) generation and measures malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels in the cerebral tissue of rats exposed to six solvents ( n - hexane , n - octane , toluene , n - butylbenzene , cyclohexane and 1 , 2 , 4 - trimethylcyclohexane ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 83]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "n - octane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "n - butylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 208]}, {"entity": "cyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 222]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - trimethylcyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of these solvents have been shown to generate ROS in studies carried out in vitro on granular cell cultures from rat cerebellum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed OH production by quantifying the rate of formation of 3 , 4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid using a trapping agent , 4 - hydroxybenzoic acid , infused via the microdialysis probe , into the prefrontal cortex of rats exposed intraperitoneally to the solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 95]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular MDA was quantified in microdialysates collected from the prefrontal cortex of rats exposed , 6h / day for ten days , to 1000ppm of the solvents ( except for n - butylbenzene , generated at 830ppm ) in inhalation chambers .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "n - butylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue levels of free and total MDA were measured in different brain structures for rats acutely ( intraperitoneal route ) and sub - acutely ( inhalation ) exposed to solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the six solvents studied increased the production of hydroxyl radicals in the prefrontal cortex after acute administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nor did they increase extracellular or tissue levels of MDA after 10 days ' inhalation exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , a decrease in the concentrations of free MDA in brain structures was observed after acute administration of n - hexane , 1 , 2 , 4 - trimethylcyclohexane , toluene and n - butylbenzene .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - trimethylcyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 173]}, {"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}, {"entity": "n - butylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , data of this study carried out in vivo did not confirm observations made in vitro on cell cultures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antivirals : past , present and future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vaccination is possible to prevent infections with some viruses : hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , varicella - zoster virus ( VZV ) , influenza A and B viruses , Yellow fever virus and poliovirus ; but not for others : human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) , herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) , cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) , and most hemorrhagic fever viruses ( HFV ) ( except for Yellow fever virus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiviral therapy is obviously needed to control those infections that are not amenable to prophylaxis by vaccination , but is also highly desirable for those infections where vaccination has not been implemented or did not fulfill its premises for complete protection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vasorelaxant effects of 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane involve stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase - cGMP pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 56]}, {"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Nitro - 2 - phenylethane is the first organic NO 2 - containing molecule isolated from plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "NO 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It possesses interesting hypotensive , bradycardic , and vasodilator properties , but the mode by which it induces vasorelaxation is still unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underlying mechanism involved in the vasodilator effect of 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane was investigated in rat aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vasorelaxant effects of 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane did not depend on endothelial layer integrity , and the effects were refractory to L - N ( G ) - nitroarginine methyl ester ( L - NAME ) - induced nitric oxide synthase inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 56]}, {"entity": "L - N ( G ) - nitroarginine methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 180]}, {"entity": "L - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 191]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasorelaxation was similarly resistant to treatment with indomethacin , cis - N - ( 2 - phenylcyclopentyl ) - azacyclotridec - 1 - en - 2 - amine hydrochloride ( MDL - 12330A ) , and KT5720 , indicating that neither prostaglandin release nor adenylyl cyclase activation is involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "cis - N - ( 2 - phenylcyclopentyl ) - azacyclotridec - 1 - en - 2 - amine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 159]}, {"entity": "MDL - 12330A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 174]}, {"entity": "KT5720", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 189]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 229]}, {"entity": "adenylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , methylene blue - and ODQ - induced guanylate cyclase inhibition reduced the vasorelaxation induced by 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "ODQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacological blockade of K ( + ) channels with tetraethylammonium , glybenclamide , and 4 - aminopyridine also blunted vasorelaxation induced by 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "tetraethylammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "glybenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane were reversed by 1H - [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] oxadiazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalin - 1 - one ( ODQ ) and comparable to the effects induced by sodium nitroprusside .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 43]}, {"entity": "1H - [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] oxadiazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] quinoxalin - 1 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 125]}, {"entity": "ODQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "sodium nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico analysis using an Ns H - NOX subunit of guanylate cyclase revealed a pocket on the macromolecule surface where 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane preferentially docked .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane increased cyclic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate ( cGMP ) levels in rat aortic rings , an effect also reversed by ODQ .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 39]}, {"entity": "cyclic guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 92]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "ODQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , 1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane produces vasodilator effects by stimulating the soluble guanylate cyclase - cGMP pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - nitro - 2 - phenylethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 44]}, {"entity": "guanylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antidiabetic effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "secoisolariciresinol diglucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 55]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its complications such as neuropathy , cardiopathy , nephropathy , and micro and macro vascular diseases are believed to be due to the increase in oxidative stress and decrease in the level of antioxidants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of synthetic Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ( SDG ) in streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 115]}, {"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 141]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic SDG in a single - dose ( 20 mg / kg b . w . ) two - day study showed dose - dependent reduction in glucose levels with maximum effect of 64 . 62 % at 48 h post drug treatment ( p < 0 . 05 ) , which is comparable to that of the standard drug tolbutamide ( 20 mg / kg b . w . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a multi - dose fourteen - day study , lower doses of SDG ( 5 and 10 mg / kg b . w . ) exhibited moderate reduction in glucose levels , lipid profile , restoration of antioxidant enzymes and improvement of the insulin and c - peptide levels which shows the regeneration of beta - cell which secretes insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered levels of lipids and enzymatic antioxidants were also restored by the SDG to the considerable levels in diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the present investigation suggest that diabetes is associated with an increase in oxidative stress as shown by increase in serum malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , decreased levels of catalase ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and glutathione ( GSH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 155]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 251]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , diabetes is associated with an increase in serum total cholesterol as well as triglycerides levels and decrease in insulin and c - peptide levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SDG is effective in retarding the development of diabetic complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that synthetic SDG exerts anti hyperglycemic effect by preventing the liver from peroxidation damage through inhibition of ROS level mediated increased level of enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And , also maintaining tissue function which results in improving the sensitivity and response of target cells in STZ - induced diabetic rats to insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feeding of selenium alone or in combination with glucoraphanin differentially affects intestinal and hepatic antioxidant and phase II enzymes in growing rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "glucoraphanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - carcinogenic effects of sulforaphane ( SFN ) are based on the up - regulation of antioxidant enzymes ( AE ) and phase II enzymes ( PIIE ) through the transcription factor Nrf2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current knowledge on the roles of the SFN precursor glucoraphanin ( GRA ) on these processes is limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "glucoraphanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - carcinogenic effects of Se depending on glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) activity have also been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied effects and possible synergisms of Se and GRA on the expression and activity of a broad spectrum of AE and PIIE in jejunum , colon and the liver of rats fed diets differing in Se and GRA concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 189]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all organs , GPx1 mRNA expression was 70 % to 90 % lower in Se deficiency than in Se sufficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GPx2 expression increased in jejunum and liver under Se deficiency and decreased in the colon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Se deficiency increased most colonic AE and PIIE compared to Se adequacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adequate and in particular supranutritive Se combined with GRA increased colonic AE and PIIE expression up to 3 . 72 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the liver Se deficiency raised the expression of AE and PIIE up to 4 . 49 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GRA attenuated liver AE and PIIE response in Se deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression - and correlation analyses revealed that Keap1 mRNA better reflects AE and PIIE gene expression than Nrf2 mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that : ( 1 ) GPx1 sensitively indicates Se deficiency ; ( 2 ) the influence of Se and Nrf2 / Keap1 on GPx2 expression depends on the organ ; ( 3 ) GRA combined with supranutritive Se may effectively protect against inflammation and colon cancer ; ( 4 ) future investigations on AE and PIIE expression should consider the role of Keap1 to a higher extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific conserved C - terminal amino acids of Caenorhabditis elegans HMP - 1 / alpha - catenin modulate F - actin binding independently of vinculin .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable intercellular adhesions formed through the cadherin - catenin complex are important determinants of proper tissue architecture and help maintain tissue integrity during morphogenetic movements in developing embryos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A key regulator of this stability is alpha - catenin , which connects the cadherin - catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the C - terminal F - actin - binding domain of alpha - catenin has been shown to be crucial for its function , a more detailed in vivo analysis of discrete regions and residues required for actin binding has not been performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system , we have characterized mutations in hmp - 1 / alpha - catenin that identify HMP - 1 residues 687 - 742 and 826 - 927 , as well as amino acid 802 , as critical to the localization of junctional proximal actin during epidermal morphogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also find that the S823F transition in a hypomorphic allele , hmp - 1 ( fe4 ) , decreases actin binding in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using hmp - 1 ( fe4 ) animals in a mutagenesis screen , we were then able to identify 11 intragenic suppressors of hmp - 1 ( fe4 ) that revert actin binding to wild - type levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using homology modeling , we show that these amino acids are positioned at key conserved sites within predicted alpha - helices in the C terminus .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through the use of transgenic animals , we also demonstrate that HMP - 1 residues 315 - 494 , which correspond to a putative mechanotransduction domain that binds vinculin in vertebrate alpha E - catenin , are not required during epidermal morphogenesis but may aid efficient recruitment of HMP - 1 to the junction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies are the first to identify key conserved amino acids in the C terminus of alpha - catenin that modulate F - actin binding in living embryos of a simple metazoan .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoscale stabilization of new phases in the PbTe - Sb2Te3 system : Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n ) nanocrystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbTe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "Sb2Te3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel rock - salt - type Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n ) nanocrystals ( m = 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , and 10 ; n = 1 and 2 ) were successfully prepared using a colloidal synthesis route .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials are stable only on the nanoscale and have no bulk analogues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elemental compositions were determined using scanning transmission electron microscopy / energy - dispersive X - ray spectroscopy ( STEM / EDS ) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ( ICP - AES ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanocrystals exhibit well - defined band energies in the mid - IR region that are nearly independent of their atomic compositions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n ) nanocrystals behave as metastable homogeneous solid solutions at room temperature and tend to phase separate into the respective binary PbTe + Sb ( 2 ) Te ( 3 ) at 300 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "PbTe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "Sb ( 2 ) Te ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , pair distribution function ( PDF ) analysis suggests that the local structure of these Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n ) nanocrystals is distorted with respect to the rock - salt structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb ( m ) Sb ( 2n ) Te ( m + 3n )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - cinnamoylated chloroquine analogues as dual - stage antimalarial leads .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - cinnamoylated chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control of malaria is challenged by drug resistance , and new antimalarial drugs are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New drug discovery efforts include consideration of hybrid compounds as potential multitarget antimalarials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work from our group has demonstrated that hybrid structures resulting from cinnamic acid conjugation with heterocyclic moieties from well - known antimalarials present improved antimalarial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , we report the synthesis and SAR analysis of an expanded series of cinnamic acid derivatives displaying remarkably high activities against both blood - and liver - stage malaria parasites .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two compounds judged most promising , based on their in vitro activity and druglikeness according to the Lipinski rules and Veber filter , were active in vivo against blood - stage rodent malaria parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the compounds reported represent a new entry as promising dual - stage antimalarial leads .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bistable magnetoresistance switching in exchange - coupled CoFe 2 O 4 - - Fe 3 O 4 binary nanocrystal superlattices by self - assembly and thermal annealing .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoFe 2 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembly of multicomponent nanocrystal superlattices provides a modular approach to the design of metamaterials by choosing constituent nanocrystal building blocks with desired physical properties and engineering the interparticle coupling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we report the self - assembly of binary nanocrystal superlattices composed of magnetically hard CoFe 2 O 4 nanocrystals and magnetically soft Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoFe 2 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both NaZn 1 3 - and MgZn 2 - type CoFe 2 O 4 - - Fe 3 O 4 binary nanocrystal superlattices have been formed by the liquid - air interfacial assembly approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaZn 1 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "MgZn 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "CoFe 2 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exchange coupling is achieved in both types of binary superlattices after thermal annealing under vacuum at 400 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exchange - coupled CoFe 2 O 4 - - Fe 3 O 4 binary nanocrystal superlattices show single - phase magnetization switching behavior and magnetoresistance switching behavior below 200 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoFe 2 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NaZn 1 3 - type CoFe 2 O 4 - - Fe 3 O 4 binary nanocrystal superlattices annealed at 500 degrees C even exhibit bistable magnetoresistance switching behavior at room temperature constituting a simple nonvolatile memory function .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaZn 1 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "CoFe 2 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Fe 3 O 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , molecular modeling and evaluation of novel N ' - 2 - ( 4 - benzylpiperidin - / piperazin - 1 - yl ) acylhydrazone derivatives as dual inhibitors for cholinesterases and A beta aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ' - 2 - ( 4 - benzylpiperidin - / piperazin - 1 - yl ) acylhydrazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To develop new drugs for treatment of Alzheimer ' s disease , a group of N ' - 2 - ( 4 - Benzylpiperidin - / piperazin - 1 - yl ) acylhydrazones was designed , synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase , butyrylcholinesterase and aggregation of amyloid beta peptides ( 1 - 40 , 1 - 42 and 1 - 40 _ 1 - 42 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ' - 2 - ( 4 - Benzylpiperidin - / piperazin - 1 - yl ) acylhydrazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme inhibition assay results indicated that compounds moderately inhibit both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Amyloid aggregation results showed that all compounds exhibited remarkable A beta fibril aggregation inhibition activity with a nearly similar potential as the reference compound rifampicin , which makes them promising anti - Alzheimer drug candidates .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking experiments were carried out with the aim to understand the interactions of the most active compounds with the active site of the cholinesterase enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of the kinase inhibitor nilotinib as Abl and Kit inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "nilotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of the trifluoromethyl group in the polypharmacological profile of nilotinib was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "trifluoromethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "nilotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular editing of nilotinib led to the design , synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues where the trifluoromethyl group was replaced by a proton , fluorine and a methyl group .", "entity": [{"entity": "nilotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "trifluoromethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While these analogues were less active than nilotinib toward Abl , their activity toward Kit was comparable , with the monofluorinated analogue being the most active .", "entity": [{"entity": "nilotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking of nilotinib and of analogues 2a - c to the binding pocket of Abl and of Kit showed that the lack of shape complementarity in Kit is compensated by the stabilizing effect from its juxtamembrane region .", "entity": [{"entity": "nilotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part 3 : discovery of potent analogs with distinct core topologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a recent disclosure , we described the discovery of dimeric , prolinamide - based NS5A replication complex inhibitors exhibiting excellent potency towards an HCV genotype 1b replicon .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That disclosure dealt with the SAR exploration of the peripheral region of our lead chemotype , and herein is described the SAR uncovered from a complementary effort that focused on the central core region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this effort , the contribution of the core region to the overall topology of the pharmacophore , primarily vector orientation and planarity , was determined , with a set of analogs exhibiting < 10 nM EC ( 50 ) in a genotype 1b replicon assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endophytic fungi from Miquelia dentata Bedd . , produce the anti - cancer alkaloid , camptothecine .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camptothecine ( Campothecin , CPT ) , a quinoline alkaloid , is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic topoisomerase I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camptothecine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Campothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "quinoline alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several semi - synthetic derivatives of CPT are in clinical use against ovarian , small lung and refractory ovarian cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While CPT is produced by several plant species belonging to the Asterid clade , in recent years , efforts have been made to isolate endophytic fungi from some of these plants as possible alternative sources of CPT .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we report the isolation of three endophytic fungi from fruit and seed regions of Miquelia dentata ( Icacinaceae ) , that produce CPT , 9 - methoxy CPT ( 9 - MeO - CPT ) and 10 - hydroxy CPT ( 10 - OH - CPT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "9 - methoxy CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 164]}, {"entity": "9 - MeO - CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 180]}, {"entity": "10 - hydroxy CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 203]}, {"entity": "10 - OH - CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the three fungi identified as , Fomitopsis sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Karst ( MTCC 10177 ) , Alternaria alternata ( Fr . ) Keissl ( MTCC 5477 ) and Phomposis sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Sacc . ) produced CPT , 9 - MeO - CPT and 10 - OH - CPT in mycelial mats in shake flasks containing potato dextrose broth .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "9 - MeO - CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "10 - OH - CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of these fungal species were cytotoxic to colon and breast cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss these results in the context of the recent interest in endophytic fungi as possible alternative sources of plant secondary metabolites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A link between the cytoplasmic engulfment protein Elmo1 and the Mediator complex subunit Med31 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytoplasmic Elmo1 : Dock180 complex acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ) for the small GTPase Rac and functions downstream of the phagocytic receptor BAI1 during apoptotic cell clearance , and in the entry of Salmonella and Shigella into cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discovered an unexpected binding between Elmo1 and the Mediator complex subunit Med31 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mediator complex is a regulatory hub for nearly all gene transcription via RNA polymerase II , bridging the general transcription machinery with gene - specific regulatory proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Med31 is the smallest and the most evolutionarily conserved Mediator subunit , and knockout of Med31 results in embryonic lethality in mice ; however , Med31 function in specific biological contexts is poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that in primary macrophages , during Salmonella infection , Elmo1 and Med31 specifically affected expression of the cytokine genes Il10 and Il33 among the > 25 genes monitored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although endogenous Med31 is predominantly nuclear localized , Elmo1 increased the cytoplasmic localization of Med31 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identify ubiquitination as a novel posttranslational modification of Med31 , with the cytoplasmic monoubiquitinated form of Med31 being enhanced by Elmo1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data identify Elmo1 as a novel regulator of Med31 , revealing a previously unrecognized link between cytoplasmic signaling proteins and the Mediator complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jaceosidin , isolated from dietary mugwort ( Artemisia princeps ) , induces G2 / M cell cycle arrest by inactivating cdc25C - cdc2 via ATM - Chk1 / 2 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jaceosidin , a flavonoid derived from Artemisia princeps ( Japanese mugwort ) , has been shown to inhibit the growth of several human cancer cells , However , the exact mechanism for the cytotoxic effect of jaceosidin is not completely understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect of jaceosidin in human endometrial cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated that jaceosidin is a more potent inhibitor of cell growth than cisplatin in human endometrial cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , jaceosidin - induced cytotoxicity in normal endometrial cells was lower than that observed for cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Jaceosidin induced G2 / M phase cell cycle arrest and modulated the levels of cyclin B and p - Cdc2 in Hec1A cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of p21 using specific siRNAs partially abrogated jaceosidin - induced cell growth inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional mechanistic studies revealed that jaceosidin treatment resulted in an increase in phosphorylation of Cdc25C and ATM - Chk1 / 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ku55933 , an ATM inhibitor , reversed jaceosidin - induced cell growth inhibition , in part .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , jaceosidin treatment resulted in phosphorylation of ERK , and pretreatment with the ERK inhibitor , PD98059 , attenuated cell growth inhibition by jaceosidin .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "PD98059", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that jaceosidin , isolated from Japanese mugwort , modulates the ERK / ATM / Chk1 / 2 pathway , leading to inactivation of the Cdc2 - cyclin B1 complex , followed by G2 / M cell cycle arrest in endometrial cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaceosidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPK is a negative regulator of the Warburg effect and suppresses tumor growth in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPK is a metabolic sensor that helps maintain cellular energy homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite evidence linking AMPK with tumor suppressor functions , the role of AMPK in tumorigenesis and tumor metabolism is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that AMPK negatively regulates aerobic glycolysis ( the Warburg effect ) in cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic ablation of the alpha 1 catalytic subunit of AMPK accelerates Myc - induced lymphomagenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inactivation of AMPK alpha in both transformed and nontransformed cells promotes a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis , increased allocation of glucose carbon into lipids , and biomass accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These metabolic effects require normoxic stabilization of the hypoxia - inducible factor - 1 alpha ( HIF - 1 alpha ) , as silencing HIF - 1 alpha reverses the shift to aerobic glycolysis and the biosynthetic and proliferative advantages conferred by reduced AMPK alpha signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together our findings suggest that AMPK activity opposes tumor development and that its loss fosters tumor progression in part by regulating cellular metabolic pathways that support cell growth and proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ptaquiloside reduces NK cell activities by enhancing metallothionein expression , which is prevented by selenium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pteridium aquilinum , one of the most important poisonous plants in the world , is known to be carcinogenic to animals and humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , our previous studies showed that the immunosuppressive effects of ptaquiloside , its main toxic agent , were prevented by selenium in mouse natural killer ( NK ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also verified that this immunosuppression facilitated development of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we performed gene expression microarray analysis in splenic NK cells from mice treated for 14 days with ptaquiloside ( 5 . 3 mg / kg ) and / or selenium ( 1 . 3 mg / kg ) to identify gene transcripts altered by ptaquiloside that could be linked to the immunosuppression and that would be prevented by selenium .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 230]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptome analysis of ptaquiloside samples revealed that 872 transcripts were expressed differentially ( fold change > 2 and p < 0 . 05 ) , including 77 up - regulated and 795 down - regulated transcripts .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene ontology analysis mapped these up - regulated transcripts to three main biological processes ( cellular ion homeostasis , negative regulation of apoptosis and regulation of transcription ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the immunosuppressive effect of ptaquiloside , we hypothesized that two genes involved in cellular ion homeostasis , metallothionein 1 ( Mt1 ) and metallothionein 2 ( Mt2 ) , could be implicated because Mt1 and Mt2 are responsible for zinc homeostasis , and a reduction of free intracellular zinc impairs NK functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We confirm these hypotheses and show increased expression of metallothionein in splenic NK cells and reduction in free intracellular zinc following treatment with ptaquiloside that were completely prevented by selenium co - treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "ptaquiloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 175]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings could help avoid the higher susceptibility to cancer that is induced by P . aquilinum - mediated immunosuppressive effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interference of a novel indolylmaleimide with microtubules induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human progenitor and cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolylmaleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indolylmaleimides display a broad spectrum of biological activity and offer great opportunity to influence several aspects of cell fate , as proliferation and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indolylmaleimides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we describe the effect of PDA - 66 , a newly synthesised indolylmaleimide , showing a strong dose dependent anti - proliferative effect on immortalised human progenitor and cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "indolylmaleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated a highly depolymerizing effect on in vitro tubulin assembly and conclude that PDA - 66 acts as microtubule destabilising agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition we found that PDA - 66 induces mitotic arrest of cells in the G 2 / M phase of the cell cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently cells undergo apoptosis , indicating the major mechanism of the anti - proliferative effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prove a potential anti - cancer activity of PDA - 66 we examined the effect of PDA - 66 on human SH - SY5Y neuroblastoma and A - 459 lung cancer cells , showing a significant reduction in cancer cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus PDA - 66 is a new anti - mitotic compound with an indole - core with the potential to be used for cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDA - 66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Terpineol induces fatty liver in mice mediated by the AMP - activated kinase and sterol response element binding protein pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of herbal medicines in disease prevention and treatment is growing rapidly worldwide , without careful consideration of safety issues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Terpineol is a monoterpene alcoholic component of Melaleuca alternifolia , Salvia officinalis and Carthamus tinctorius that is used widely as a flavor and essential oil in food .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "monoterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "alcoholic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study showed that alpha - terpineol induces fatty liver via the AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) - mTOR - sterol regulatory element - binding protein - 1 ( SREBP - 1 ) pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 47]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Terpineol - treated hepatocytes had significantly increased neutral lipid accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Terpineol suppressed AMPK phosphorylation , and increased p70S6 kinase ( p70S6K ) phosphorylation and SREBP - 1 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also increased luciferase activity in cells transfected with LXRE - tk - Luc and SRE - tk - Luc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of mTOR signaling by co - treatment with rapamycin or co - transfection with dominant negative p70S6K blocked completely the effects of alpha - terpineol .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - Terpineol oral administration to mice for 2weeks led to decreased AMPK phosphorylation and increased SREBP - 1 activation in the liver , followed by hepatic lipid accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - Terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , rapamycin co - treatment reversed alpha - terpineol - induced SREBP - 1 activation and fatty liver in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide evidence that alpha - terpineol causes fatty liver , an effect mediated by the AMPK / mTOR / SREBP - 1 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multi - walled carbon nanotube increases the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons through inhibition of potassium channels in rat ' s brain slices .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was to investigate the neurotoxicity of multi - walled carbon nanotube ( MWCNT ) by measuring neuronal excitability in rat hippocampal neurons and exploring the underlying mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole cell patch - clamp technique was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Action potential properties and the pattern of repetitive firing rate were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data showed that spike half - width and repetitive firing rate were significantly increased in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , voltage - activated potassium currents were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that MWCNT produced a concentration - dependent inhibition in amplitudes of I ( A ) and I ( K ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , MWCNT had effect on the activation kinetics of I ( A ) and I ( K ) with V ( h ) being shifted to the negative potential at high concentration , while I ( A ) inactivation curve was considerably shifted to the hyperpolarize potential with V ( h ) being increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no effect was found on the recovery from inactivation of I ( A ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that MWCNT increases the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons by inhibiting voltage - gated potassium current .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acids in the colon , from healthy to cytotoxic molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acids are natural detergents mainly involved in facilitating the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to this absorptive function , bile acids are also essential in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To accomplish this regulatory function , bile acids may induce programmed cell death fostering the renewal of the epithelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we first discuss on the different molecular pathways of cell death focusing on apoptosis in colon epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acids may induce apoptosis in colonocytes through different mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to hepatocytes , the extrinsic apoptotic pathway seems to have a low relevance regarding bile acid cytotoxicity in the colon .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , these molecules mainly trigger apoptosis through direct or indirect mitochondrial perturbations , where oxidative stress plays a key role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , bile acids may also act as regulatory molecules involved in different cell signaling pathways in colon cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , there is increasing evidence that the continuous exposure to certain hydrophobic bile acids , due to a fat - rich diet or pathological conditions , may induce oxidative DNA damage that , in turn , may lead to colorectal carcinogenesis as a consequence of the appearance of cell populations resistant to bile acid - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [323, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , some bile acids , such as UDCA , or low concentrations of hydrophobic bile acids , can protect colon cells against apoptosis induced by high concentrations of cytotoxic bile acids , suggesting a dual behavior of these agents as pro - death or pro - survival molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "UDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 induction and the inhibition potential of mitragynine , a stimulant alkaloid .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP450 enzymes are key determinants in drug toxicities , reduced pharmacological effect and adverse drug reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitragynine , an euphoric compound was evaluated for its effects on the expression of mRNAs encoding CYP1A2 , CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and protein expression and resultant enzymatic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA and protein expression of CYP450 isoforms were carried out using an optimized multiplex qRT - PCR assay and Western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activities were evaluated using P450 - Glo (TM) assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of mitragynine on human CYP3A4 protein expression were determined using an optimized hCYP3A4 - HepG2 cell - based assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in silico computational method to predict the binding conformation of mitragynine to the active site of the CYP3A4 enzyme was performed and further validated using in vitro CYP3A4 inhibition assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitragynine was found to induce mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the highest concentration of 25 mu M , induction of mRNA was approximately 70 % that of the positive control and was consistent with the increased CYP1A2 enzymatic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , mitragynine is a significant in vitro CYP1A2 inducer .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitragynine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it appeared to be a weak CYP3A4 inducer at the transcriptional level and a weak CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore , unlikely to have any significant clinical effects on CYP3A4 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - kappa B - associated mechanisms underlying the response of embryonic cells to Doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of NF - kappa B in the regulation of teratogen - induced apoptosis has not been established yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we tried to assess the involvement of the p65 subunit of NF - kappa B in the embryonic response to the anti - cancer drug Doxorubicin ( DOX ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , exposure of p65 knockout ( p65 ( - / - ) ) or wild type ( WT ) mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( MEFs ) to DOX resulted in a decrease in cell survival , culture density and cell proliferation , which was found to be more prominent in p65 ( - / - ) MEFs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those phenomena were accompanied by a DOX - induced increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells , which was demonstrated only in p65 ( - / - ) cells and a G2 / M arrest , which was found to be more prominent in WT cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DOX - treated WT and p65 ( - / - ) MEFs differed in their expression of various apoptosis - associated molecules , when the former demonstrated a decrease in the percentage of p65 - positive and a more prominent decrease in the percentage of p53 - positive cells , while a decreased percentage of I kappa B alpha - positive and a more prominent decrease in the percentage of bcl - 2 - positive cells was detected among the latter .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact that the response of the cells to the teratogen was clearly p65 - dependent implicates this molecule to be involved in the response of the embryonic cells to DOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical constituents from the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus , and their effect on tube formation in human myocardial microvascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to identify novel active constituents on the cardiovascular system , a systematic study on macroporous resin adsorption of extracts from the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus was performed in a human myocardial microvascular endothelial cell line ( HMMEC ) based assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One novel spirostan , named ophiogenin ( 1 ) , together with six known spirostans ( 4 - 8 , 10 ) , and one new sesquiterpene glycoside , named ophioside A ( 2 ) , together with one known monoterpene glycoside ( 9 ) were isolated from the active fractions , and the aglycone of compound 2 that was a new natural compound was obtained from the acid hydrolysis of 2 , named ophiopogonol ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "spirostan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "ophiogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "spirostans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 134]}, {"entity": "ophioside A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "monoterpene glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 208]}, {"entity": "ophiopogonol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [371, 383]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were determined by spectral and chemical analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , their effect on HMMEC tube formation was also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated that compounds 4 and 8 could significantly improve the tube formation and 2 showed moderate increasing effect , while compound 5 exhibited potent inhibitory effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal PGC - 1 alpha overexpression programs adult pancreatic beta - cell dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult beta - cell dysfunction , a hallmark of type 2 diabetes , can be programmed by adverse fetal environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that fetal glucocorticoids ( GCs ) participate in this programming through inhibition of beta - cell development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed that GCs stimulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma coactivator - 1 alpha ( PGC - 1 alpha ) , a coregulator of the GCs receptor ( GR ) , and that the overexpression of PGC - 1 alpha represses genes important for beta - cell development and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More precisely , PGC - 1 alpha inhibited the expression of the key beta - cell transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 ( Pdx1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This repression required the GR and was mediated through binding of a GR / PGC - 1 alpha complex to the Pdx1 promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore PGC - 1 alpha function , we generated mice with inducible beta - cell PGC - 1 alpha overexpression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice overexpressing PGC - 1 alpha exhibited at adult age impaired glucose tolerance associated with reduced insulin secretion , decreased beta - cell mass , and beta - cell hypotrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , PGC - 1 alpha expression in fetal life only was sufficient to impair adult beta - cell function whereas beta - cell PGC - 1 alpha overexpression from adult age had no consequence on beta - cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , our results demonstrate that the GR and PGC - 1 alpha participate in the fetal programming of adult beta - cell function through inhibition of Pdx1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G6PC2 : A Negative Regulator of Basal Glucose - Stimulated Insulin Secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) is associated with increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular - associated mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide association studies ( GWAS ) have linked polymorphisms in G6PC2 with variations in FBG and body fat , although not insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G6PC2 encodes an islet - specific , endoplasmic reticulum - resident glucose - 6 - phosphatase catalytic subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of in situ perfused pancreas , in vitro isolated islet , and in vivo analyses were used to explore the function of G6pc2 in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G6pc2 deletion had little effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance , whereas body fat was reduced in female G6pc2 knockout ( KO ) mice on both a chow and high - fat diet , observations that are all consistent with human GWAS data .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G6pc2 deletion resulted in a leftward shift in the dose - response curve for glucose - stimulated insulin secretion ( GSIS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence , under fasting conditions in which plasma insulin levels were identical , blood glucose levels were reduced in G6pc2 KO mice , again consistent with human GWAS data .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose - 6 - phosphatase activity was reduced , whereas basal cytoplasmic calcium levels were elevated in islets isolated from G6pc2 KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that G6pc2 represents a novel , negative regulator of basal GSIS that acts by hydrolyzing glucose - 6 - phosphate , thereby reducing glycolytic flux .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by Hexokinase I Expression or Glucokinase - Activating Mutation in a Subset of beta - Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Congenital hyperinsulinism causes persistent hypoglycemia in neonates and infants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most often , uncontrolled insulin secretion ( IS ) results from a lack of functional KATP channels in all beta - cells or only in beta - cells within a resectable focal lesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "KATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In more rare cases , without KATP channel mutations , hyperfunctional islets are confined within few lobules , whereas hypofunctional islets are present throughout the pancreas .", "entity": [{"entity": "KATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also can be cured by selective partial pancreatectomy ; however , unlike those with a KATP focal lesion , they show clinical sensitivity to diazoxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "KATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "diazoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we characterized in vitro IS by fragments of pathological and adjacent normal pancreas from six such cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Responses of normal pancreas were unremarkable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pathological region , IS was elevated at 1 mmol / L and was further increased by 15 mmol / L glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diazoxide suppressed IS and tolbutamide antagonized the inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most conspicuous anomaly was a large stimulation of IS by 1 mmol / L glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In five of six cases , immunohistochemistry revealed undue presence of low - Km hexokinase - I in beta - cells of hyperfunctional islets only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one case , an activating mutation of glucokinase ( I211F ) was found in pathological islets only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both abnormalities , attributed to somatic genetic events , may account for inappropriate IS at low glucose levels by a subset of beta - cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They represent a novel cause of focal congenital hyperinsulinism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The naphthoquinone diospyrin is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase with a novel mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "diospyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tuberculosis and other bacterial diseases represent a significant threat to human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA topoisomerases are excellent targets for chemotherapy , and DNA gyrase in particular is a well - validated target for antibacterial agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naphthoquinones ( e . g . diospyrin and 7 - methyljuglone ) have been shown to have therapeutic potential , particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naphthoquinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "diospyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "7 - methyljuglone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found that these compounds are inhibitors of the supercoiling reaction catalyzed by M . tuberculosis gyrase and other gyrases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our evidence strongly suggests that the compounds bind to the N - terminal domain of GyrB , which contains the ATPase active site , but are not competitive inhibitors of the ATPase reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that naphthoquinones bind to GyrB at a novel site close to the ATPase site .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthoquinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel mode of action could be exploited to develop new antibacterial agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure , stability and function of 5 - chlorouracil modified A : U and G : U base pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - chlorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thymine analog 5 - chlorouridine , first reported in the 1950s as anti - tumor agent , is known as an effective mutagen , clastogen and toxicant as well as an effective inducer of sister - chromatid exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "5 - chlorouridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the first microorganism with a chemically different genome was reported ; the selected Escherichia coli strain relies on the four building blocks 5 - chloro - 2 ' - deoxyuridine ( ClU ) , A , C and G instead of the standard T , A , C , G alphabet [ Marli e re , P . , Patrouix , J . , D o ring , V . , Herdewijn , P . , Tricot , S . , Cruveiller , S . , Bouzon , M . and Mutzel , R . ( 2011 ) Chemical evolution of a bacterium ' s genome . Angew . Chem . Int . Ed . , 50 , 7109 - 7114 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - chloro - 2 ' - deoxyuridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 188]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The residual fraction of T in the DNA of adapted bacteria was < 2 % and the switch from T to ClU was accompanied by a massive number of mutations , including > 1500 A to G or G to A transitions in a culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former is most likely due to wobble base pairing between ClU and G , which may be more common for ClU than T .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify potential changes in the geometries of base pairs and duplexes as a result of replacement of T by ClU , we determined four crystal structures of a B - form DNA dodecamer duplex containing ClU : A or ClU : G base pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 203]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures reveal nearly identical geometries of these pairs compared with T : A or T : G , respectively , and no consequences for stability and cleavage by an endonuclease ( EcoRI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of significant changes in the geometry of ClU : A and ClU : G base pairs relative to the corresponding native pairs is consistent with the sustained unlimited self - reproduction of E . coli strains with virtually complete T --> ClU genome substitution .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "ClU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circularized synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides serve as promoterless RNA polymerase III templates for small RNA generation in human cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic RNA formulations and viral vectors are the two main approaches for delivering small therapeutic RNA to human cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report findings supporting an alternative strategy in which an endogenous human RNA polymerase ( RNAP ) is harnessed to make RNA hairpin - containing small RNA from synthetic single - stranded DNA oligonucleotides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report that circularizing a DNA template strand encoding a pre - microRNA hairpin mimic can trigger its circumtranscription by human RNAP III in vitro and in human cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence and secondary structure preferences that appear to promote productive transcription are described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The circular topology of the template is required for productive transcription , at least in part , to stabilize the template against exonucleases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to bacteriophage and Escherichia coli RNAPs , human RNAPs do not carry out rolling circle transcription on circularized templates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While transfected DNA circles distribute between the nucleus and cytosol , their transcripts are found mainly in the cytosol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circularized oligonucleotides are synthetic , free of the hazards of viral vectors and maintain small RNA information in a stable form that RNAP III can access in a cellular context with , in some cases , near promoter - like precision and biologically relevant efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanocortins as innovative drugs for ischemic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders : established data and perspectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ischemic insults and neurodegenerative diseases are by far the leading cause of mortality and disability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole - body hypoperfusion , as it occurs in polytraumatic and hemorrhagic shock , is alike an increasingly frequent condition , especially due to traffic accidents , wars and acts of terrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is now clearly established that inflammatory processes play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of both hypoperfusion / ischemia damage ( be it generalized to the whole body , as in the case of shock , or limited to individual organs ) and neurodegenerative diseases ( Alzheimer ' s disease , Parkinson ' s disease , multiple sclerosis , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , concurrent animal and human data show that melanocortin peptides with agonist activity at melanocortin MC3 / MC4 receptors are highly effective in different shock conditions as well as in conditions of ischemia / ischemia - reperfusion of individual organs ( heart , brain , intestine , kidney , etc . ) , and accumulating evidence indicates that such effects of melanocortins are mostly due to quite peculiar antiinflammatory mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanocortins have also long been known ( i ) to exert important neurotrophic effects , not only during fetal development but also in adulthood , in different animal models of brain lesions ; ( ii ) to reduce the morphological correlates of brain aging ; ( iii ) to retard the behavioral deficits that develop during the aging process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , recent data from different laboratories show that after brain ischemic episodes melanocortins activate the transcription of neurotrophins and their receptors in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus , and increase the proliferation of progenitor neuron cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The above arguments support the view that pharmacokinetically suitable agonists at MC3 / MC4 melanocortin receptors may represent a completely innovative class of drugs for an effective treatment of both ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitors : an attractive strategy for cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylases are able to catalyze the hydrolysis of N - acetyl lysine residues of histones which package chromosomal DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetyl lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore they play an important role in mediating gene expression and cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HDAC inhibitors have not only shown promise as antiparasitic , antineurodegenerative , antirheumatologic agents and immunosuppressant , but as potent anticancer agents by inducing cell cycle arrest , differentiation and apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review highlights recent development in design , synthesis and biological evaluation of HDAC inhibitors for cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alkyl substituted 2 ' - benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone chelators with potent and selective anti - neoplastic activity : novel ligands that limit methemoglobin formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alkyl substituted 2 ' - benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thiosemicarbazone chelators , including the 2 ' - benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazones ( BpT ) class , show marked potential as anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiosemicarbazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "2 ' - benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 84]}, {"entity": "BpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , 3 - aminopyridine - 2 - carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone ( 3 - AP ) has been investigated in > 20 phase I and II clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - aminopyridine - 2 - carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 70]}, {"entity": "3 - AP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , side effects associated with 3 - AP administration include methemoglobinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - AP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering this problem , novel BpT analogues were designed bearing hydrophobic , electron - donating substituents at the para position of the phenyl group ( RBpT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "RBpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their Fe ( III / II ) redox potentials were all within the range accessible to cellular oxidants and reductants , suggesting they can redox cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( III / II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These RBpT ligands exhibited potent and selective antiproliferative activity , which was comparable or exceeded their BpT counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "RBpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "BpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major findings include that methemoglobin formation mediated by the lipophilic t - BuBpT series was significantly ( p < 0 . 05 - 0 . 001 ) decreased in comparison to 3 - AP in intact red blood cells and were generally comparable to the control .", "entity": [{"entity": "t - BuBpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "3 - AP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate the t - BuBpT ligands may minimize methemoglobinemia , which is a marked advantage over 3 - AP and other potent thiosemicarbazones .", "entity": [{"entity": "t - BuBpT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "3 - AP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besting vitamin E : sidechain substitution is key to the reactivity of naphthyridinol antioxidants in lipid bilayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "naphthyridinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of naphthyridinol analogs of alpha - tocopherol ( alpha - TOH , right ) with varying sidechain substitution was synthesized to determine how systematic changes in the lipophilicity of these potent antioxidants impact their radical - trapping activities in lipid bilayers , regenerability by water - soluble reductants , and binding to human tocopherol transport protein ( TTP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthyridinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "alpha - TOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 360]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activities of the naphthyridinols were assayed in phosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomes using a recently developed high - throughput assay that employs a boron dipyrromethene conjugate of alpha - TOH ( H ( 2 ) B - PMHC ) that undergoes fluorescence enhancement upon oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthyridinols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "boron dipyrromethene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 182]}, {"entity": "alpha - TOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The naphthyridinols afforded a dose - dependent protection of H ( 2 ) B - PMHC consistent with unprecedented peroxyl radical - trapping activity in lipid bilayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthyridinols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While sidechain length and / or branching had no effect on their apparent reactivity , it dramatically impacted reaction stoichiometry , with more lipophilic compounds trapping two peroxyl radicals and more hydrophilic compounds trapping significantly less than one .", "entity": [{"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that the less lipophilic compounds autoxidize rapidly in the aqueous phase and that preferential partitioning of the more lipophilic compounds to the bilayer protects them from autoxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cooperativity of a lipophilic naphthyridinol with water - soluble reducing agents was also studied in liposomes using H ( 2 ) B - PMHC and revealed superior regenerability by each of ascorbate , N - acetylcysteine , and urate when compared to alpha - TOH .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthyridinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "ascorbate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 196]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 217]}, {"entity": "urate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 229]}, {"entity": "alpha - TOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding assays with human TTP , a key determinant of the bioavailability of the tocopherols , reveal that the naphthyiridinols can be very good ligands for the protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "naphthyiridinols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , naphthyridinols with sidechains of eight or more carbons had affinities for TTP which were similar to , and in one case 10 - fold better than , alpha - TOH .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthyridinols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "alpha - TOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential antipsoriatic effect of chondroitin sulfate through inhibition of NF - kappa B and STAT3 in human keratinocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chondroitin sulfate ( CS ) is a natural glycosaminoglycan , formed by the 1 - 3 linkage of d - glucuronic acid to N - acetylgalactosamine , present in the extracellular matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "d - glucuronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "N - acetylgalactosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is used as a slow acting disease modifying agent in the treatment of osteoarthritis , and part of its beneficial effects are due to its antiinflammatory properties that result from an inhibitory effect on NF - kappa B signaling pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ability raises the hypothesis that CS might be effective in other chronic inflammatory processes such as psoriasis , in which a deregulation of NF - kappa B is a key feature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , psoriasis is characterized by an upregulation of STAT3 signaling pathway that is related to the epidermal hyperplasia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we report the pharmacological modulation of the NF - kappa B and STAT3 signaling pathways by CS in normal human keratinocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CS inhibited NF - kappa B activation and the release of some of the key psoriatic cytokines such as TNF alpha , IL - 8 , IL - 6 and CCL27 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it impaired STAT3 translocation to the nucleus and significantly reduced STAT3 transcriptional activity by a mechanism that was independent from STAT3 phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results confirm the interest of CS as a candidate for future drug research in the therapeutics of psoriasis given the need of more effective and safer oral medications for these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generating thermal stable variants of protein domains through phage display .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Often in protein design research , one desires to generate thermally stable variants of a protein or domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One route to identifying mutations that yield domains that remain folded and active at a higher temperature is through the use of directed evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A library of protein domain variants can be generated by mutagenic PCR , expressed on the surface of bacteriophage M13 , and subjected to heat , such that the unfolded forms of the domain , showing reduced or no binding activity , are lost during subsequent affinity selection , whereas variants that still retain binding to their target are selected and enriched with each subsequent round of affinity selection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach takes advantage of the fact that bacteriophage M13 particles are heat stable and resistant to many proteases and protein denaturants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present the application of this general approach to generating thermally stable variants of a eukaryotic peptide - binding domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The benefits of producing such variants are that they typically express at high levels in Escherichia coli ( 30 - 60mg / L shake flask ) and remain soluble in solution at higher concentrations for longer periods of time than the wild - type form of the domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process of library generation and screening generally requires about one month of effort , and yields variants with > 10 degrees C increase in thermal stability , as measured in a simple fluorescence - based thermal shift assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is anticipated that thermally stable variants will serve as excellent scaffolds for generating affinity reagents to a variety of targets of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of glyphosate - based herbicides on embryo - larval development and metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster , Crassostrea gigas .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pesticides may be involved in oyster summer mortality events , not necessarily as a single causative agent but as an additional stressor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , the present study aimed to assess the toxicity of glyphosate , its by - product , aminomethylphosphonic acid ( AMPA ) and two commercial formulations , Roundup Express ( (R) ) ( R ( EX ) ) and Roundup All e es et Terrasses ( (R) ) ( R ( AT ) ) , containing glyphosate as the active ingredient , on the early life stages of the Pacific oyster , Crassostrea gigas .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "aminomethylphosphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 126]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The embryotoxicity of these chemicals were quantified by considering both the rates of abnormalities and the arrested development or types of abnormalities in D - shaped larvae after 48 h exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The success of metamorphosis was examined in pediveliger larvae exposed for 24 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments involving both endpoints included range finding experiments for herbicide concentrations ranging from 0 . 1 to 100 , 000 mu g L ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This range was then narrowed down in order to determine precise EC ( 50 ) values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actual concentrations of the herbicide were determined at the beginning and after 48 h ( embryotoxicity ) and 24 h ( metamorphosis ) to evaluate the potential temporal variation in the concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During embryo - larval development , no mortalities were recorded at any of the concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA , whereas no embryos or D - shaped larvae could be observed after exposure to 10 , 000 mu g L ( - 1 ) of R ( EX ) or R ( AT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the controls , no effects on embryo - larval development were recorded between 0 . 1 and 1000 mu g L ( - 1 ) , regardless of the chemical tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Above a threshold , which varied according to the chemical used , the gradient of herbicide concentrations correlated with a gradient of severity of abnormality ranging from normal larvae to arrested development ( an \" old embryo \" stage ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EC ( 50 ) values were 28 , 315 and 40 , 617 mu g L ( - 1 ) for glyphosate and its metabolite , respectively , but much lowered values of 1133 and 1675 mu g L ( - 1 ) for R ( EX ) and R ( AT ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metamorphosis tests also revealed a significant difference between molecules , as the EC ( 50 ) values exceeded 100 , 000 mu g L ( - 1 ) for glyphosate and AMPA but were as low as 6366 and 6060 mu g L ( - 1 ) for the commercial formulations , which appeared relatively more toxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the embryo - larval development of C . gigas was more sensitive to glyphosate - based herbicides compared to various endpoints studied in regulatory model organisms , and embryos and D - shaped larvae were more sensitive compared to pediveliger larvae .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ly6C + Ly6G - Myeloid - derived suppressor cells play a critical role in the resolution of acute inflammation and the subsequent tissue repair process after spinal cord injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute inflammation is a prominent feature of central nervous system ( CNS ) insult and is detrimental to the CNS tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this reaction spontaneously diminishes within a short period of time , the mechanism underlying this inflammatory resolution remains largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we demonstrated that an initial infiltration of Ly6C ( + ) Ly6G ( - ) immature monocyte fraction exhibited the same characteristics as myeloid - derived suppressor cells ( MDSCs ) , and played a critical role in the resolution of acute inflammation and in the subsequent tissue repair by using mice spinal cord injury ( SCI ) model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete depletion of Ly6C ( + ) Ly6G ( - ) fraction prior to injury by anti - Gr - 1 antibody ( clone : RB6 - 8C5 ) treatment significantly exacerbated tissue edema , vessel permeability , and hemorrhage , causing impaired neurological outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional recovery was barely impaired when infiltration was allowed for the initial 24 h after injury , suggesting that MDSC infiltration at an early phase is critical to improve the neurological outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , intraspinal transplantation of ex vivo - generated MDSCs at sites of SCI significantly reduced inflammation and promoted tissue regeneration , resulting in better functional recovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings reveal the crucial role of an Ly6C ( + ) Ly6G ( - ) fraction as MDSCs in regulating inflammation and tissue repair after SCI , and also suggests an MDSC - based strategy that can be applied to acute inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration of tacrolimus and major metabolites in kidney transplant recipients as a function of diabetes mellitus and cytochrome P450 3A gene polymorphism .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disposition of tacrolimus and its major metabolites , 13 - O - desmethyl tacrolimus and 15 - O - desmethyl tacrolimus , was evaluated in stable kidney transplant recipients in relation to diabetes mellitus and genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 3A .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "13 - O - desmethyl tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 83]}, {"entity": "15 - O - desmethyl tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steady - state concentration - time profiles were obtained for 12 - hour or 2 - hour post - dose , in 20 ( 11 with diabetes ) and 32 ( 24 with diabetes ) patients , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes : CYP3A4 ( CYP3A4 : CYP3A4 * 1B , - 392A > G ) , 3A5 ( CYP3A5 : CYP3A5 * 3 , 6986A > G ) and P - glycoprotein ( ABCB1 : 3435C > T ) were characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - normalized concentrations of tacrolimus or metabolites were higher in diabetic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP3A4 * 1B carriers and CYP3A5 expressers , independently or when assessed as a combined CYP3A4 - 3A5 genotype , had significantly lower dose - normalized pre - dose ( C ( 0 ) / dose ) and 2 - hour post - dose ( C ( 2 ) / dose ) concentrations of tacrolimus and metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - diabetic patients with at least one CYP3A4 * 1B and CYP3A5 * 1 allele had lower C ( 0 ) / dose as compared to the rest of the population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 or CYP3A4 influence tacrolimus or metabolites dose - normalized concentrations but not metabolite to parent concentration ratios .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of diabetes on tacrolimus metabolism is subject to debate and requires a larger sample size of genetically stratified subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sarcomas of the soft tissue are a heterogeneous , rare and complex group of mesenchymal malignant tumors , accounting for less than 1 % of all adult malignancies and about 10 - 15 % of childhood cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite local disease control obtained with surgery and pre - or postoperative radiotherapy , roughly one half of patients with high - grade tumors experience metastatic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adjunction of chemotherapy , either before or after resection , is not currently viewed as standard practice due to the lack of reproducible impact on survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1997 SMAC meta - analysis based on individual data from randomized studies confirmed a significant impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on both local and metastatic relapse , without any significant benefit on survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further meta - analyses demonstrated a significant benefit also in overall survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , the latest adjuvant EORTC trial was disappointedly negative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , adjuvant chemotherapy may be recommended as a reasonable option for the high - risk individual patient who should be well informed on the possible risks and benefits of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy remain controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A local benefit may be gained , facilitating surgery , but data on survival are limited and affected by a strong patient selection bias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to improve our knowledge on sarcomas and to offer patients the best of current standards , we strongly recommend that all patients be referred to a sarcoma multidisciplinary group , under whose supervision they could receive the correct combined - modality management as well as have access to new clinical trials appropriately stratified for risk and histological and / or molecular subtypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analyses of protein sequence alignments identify structures and mechanisms in signal activation of sensor histidine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analyses of genome sequence - derived protein sequence data can identify amino acid residues that interact between proteins or between domains of a protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These statistical methods are based on evolution - directed amino acid variation responding to structural and functional constraints in proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identified residues form a basis for determining structure and folding of proteins as well as inferring mechanisms of protein function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When applied to two - component systems , several research groups have shown they can be used to identify the amino acid interactions between response regulators and histidine kinases and the specificity therein .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , statistical studies between the HisKA and HATPase - ATP - binding domains of histidine kinases identified amino acid interactions for both the inactive and the active catalytic states of such kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identified interactions generated a model structure for the domain conformation of the active state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This conformation requires an unwinding of a portion of the C - terminal helix of the HisKA domain that destroys the inactive state residue contacts and suggests how signal - binding determines the equilibrium between the inactive and active states of histidine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 61]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapidly accumulating protein sequence databases from genome , metagenome and microbiome studies are an important resource for functional and structural understanding of proteins and protein complexes in microbes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - trimerization of ExsD limits inhibition of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptional activator ExsA in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranks among the leading causes of nosocomial infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The type III secretion system ( T3SS ) aids acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by injecting potent cytotoxins into host cells to suppress the host ' s innate immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of all T3SS - related genes is strictly dependent on the transcription factor ExsA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , ExsA and the biological processes that regulate ExsA function are of great biomedical interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study focused on the ExsA - ExsC - ExsD - ExsE signaling cascade , which ties host cell contact to the upregulation of T3SS gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior to T3SS induction , the antiactivator protein ExsD binds to ExsA and blocks ExsA - dependent transcription by interfering with ExsA dimerization and promoter interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon host cell contact , ExsD is sequestered by the T3SS chaperone ExsC , resulting in the release of ExsA and upregulation of the T3SS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have shown that the ExsD - ExsA interactions are not freely reversible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because independently folded ExsD and ExsA were not found to interact , it has been hypothesized that folding intermediates of the two proteins form the complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we demonstrate , for the first time , that ExsD alone is sufficient to inhibit ExsA - dependent transcription in vitro and that no other cellular factors are required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More significantly , we show that independently folded ExsD and ExsA are capable of interacting , but only at 37 degrees C and not at 30 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guided by the crystal structure of ExsD , we designed a monomeric variant of the protein , and demonstrated that ExsD trimerization prevents ExsD from inhibiting ExsA - dependent transcription at 30 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that this unique mechanism plays an important role in T3SS regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morin inhibits STAT3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation in tumor cells through activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major goal of cancer drug discovery is to find an agent that is safe and affordable , yet effective against cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that morin ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 2 ' , 4 ' - pentahydroxyflavone ) has potential against cancer cells through suppression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) pathway , which is closely linked to the transformation , survival , proliferation , and metastasis of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "3 , 5 , 7 , 2 ' , 4 ' - pentahydroxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that morin completely suppressed inducible and constitutively activated STAT3 and blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and its DNA binding in multiple myeloma and head and neck squamous carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morin inhibited activated Src , JAK - 1 , and JAK - 2 , all of which are linked to STAT3 activation , while up - regulating a protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 , PIAS3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pervanadate reversed the effects of morin on STAT3 phosphorylation , indicating the role of a protein tyrosine phosphatase .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , morin induced SHP1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels , and silencing of SHP1 abrogated the effect of morin on STAT3 phosphorylation , indicating that morin mediates its effects on STAT3 through SHP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of STAT3 correlated with the down - regulation of various gene products linked to tumor survival , proliferation , and angiogenesis and led to sensitization of tumor cells to thalidomide and bortezomib .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the activities of morin with those of four structurally related flavonols demonstrated the importance of hydroxyl groups in the B ring in inhibiting STAT3 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that morin suppresses the STAT3 pathway , leading to the down - regulation of STAT3 - dependent gene expression and chemosensitization of tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "morin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood pressure and levels of Fe , Ca , Mg , Zn , Cu , Na and K in the hair of young Bantu men from Tanzania .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mineral imbalance in the body may significantly contribute to the development and course of hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , blood pressure figures have been linked to the levels of Fe , Ca , Mg , Zn , Cu , Na and K in hair .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The research sample was composed of young men ( n = 91 ) aged 13 - 21 , from the town of Mafinga , Iringa District , Tanzania .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data collected included their age , tribal background and weekly diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on body mass index , the participants were categorised into pre - defined subgroups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine how the minerals in question affect blood pressure , correlation analysis and multiple ridge regression analysis were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of ridge regression findings for the researched group ( n = 91 ) shows that the minerals under scrutiny account for systolic blood pressure variation in 13 % and in 15 % for diastolic blood pressure variation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After including two additional variables - calendar age and body mass index - in regression analysis , the ultimate coefficient of determination ( R ( 2 ) ) changes for systolic blood pressure and remains the same for diastolic blood pressure ( R ( 2 ) = 0 . 194 and R ( 2 ) = 0 . 156 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nutritional analysis shows that the students included in the study received insufficient calories per day ( 1 , 500 - 2 , 200 kcal ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group of students with abnormal blood pressure were not aware of their poor health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research findings may result from progressive environmental changes and poor nutrition in terms of food quantity and quality , which had an impact on the subjects ' blood pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hair analysis used to determine mineral content in the body may be an auxiliary tool in identifying the links between factors leading to the development of hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mussel - inspired adhesive binders for high - performance silicon nanoparticle anodes in lithium - ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conjugation of mussel - inspired catechol groups to various polymer backbones results in materials suitable as silicon anode binders .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unique wetness - resistant adhesion provided by the catechol groups allows the silicon nanoparticle electrodes to maintain their structure throughout the repeated volume expansion and shrinkage during lithiation cycling , thus facilitating substantially improved specific capacities and cycle lives of lithium - ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [306, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Revising the absolute configurations of coatlines via density functional theory calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "coatlines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coatline A ( 1 ) and alpha - epi - coatline A ( 4 ) co - occur in the trunk extract of Andira coriacea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coatline A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "alpha - epi - coatline A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspection of their chiroptical properties led to intriguing results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a careful examination of the experimental data used for the previously reported absolute configuration of these compounds , some uncertainties were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combined theoretical approach including conformational analyses and calculation of electronic circular dichroism ( ECD ) spectra , in addition with experimental data obtained for schoepfin A ( 5 ) and the new schoepfin D ( 6 ) isolated from Senna quinquangulata , allowed the revision of the absolute configuration of coatlines A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "schoepfin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 192]}, {"entity": "schoepfin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 222]}, {"entity": "coatlines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative importance of direct and trophic uranium exposures in the crayfish Orconectes limosus : Implication for predicting uranium bioaccumulation and its associated toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pollutants that occur at sublethal concentrations in the environment may lead to chronic exposure in aquatic organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If these pollutants bioaccumulate , then organisms higher in the food chain may also be at risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased attention has thus been focused on the relative importance of dietary uptake , but additional knowledge of the cellular distribution of metals after dietary exposure is required to assess the potential toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors address concerns relating to increasing uranium ( U ) concentrations ( from 12 micro g / L to 2 mg / L ) in the freshwater ecosystem caused by anthropogenic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "U", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study is to compare uranium bioaccumulation levels in tissues and in the subcellular environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors focused on the cytosol fraction and its microlocalization ( TEM - EDX ) in the gills and the hepatopancreas ( HP ) of the crayfish Orconectes limosus after 10 d of direct exposure ( at concentrations of 20 , 100 , and 500 micro g / L ) and five trophic exposure treatments ( at concentrations from 1 to 20 micro g / g ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that adsorption of uranium on the cuticle represents the main contribution of total uranium accumulation to the animal .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation in the gills should be considered only as a marker of waterborne uranium exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation in the HP after trophic environmental exposure conditions was higher ( 18 . 9 +/- 3 . 8 micro g / g ) than after direct exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , no significant difference in the subcellular distribution of uranium ( 50 % ) in HP was observed between animals that had been exposed to both types of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A potential toxic effect after uranium accumulation could therefore exist after trophic exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This confirms the need to focus further studies on the metal ( uranium ) risk assessment .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoactivable amino acid bioisosteres and mass spectrometry : snapshots of in vivo 3D protein structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From folded to crosslinked proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new promising photo - crosslinking / mass spectrometry method for the structural characterisation of folded proteins is highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reactive photo - leucine can clamp the front residues in beta - turn and beta - hairpin domains , thus allowing us to look into the specific native 3D structure of proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of density functional methods for reaction energetics : iridium - catalyzed water oxidation as case study .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate basis set convergence for a series of density functional theory ( DFT ) functionals ( both hybrid and nonhybrid ) and compare to coupled - cluster with single and double excitations and perturbative triples [ CCSD ( T ) ] benchmark calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The case studied is the energetics of the water oxidation reaction by an iridium - oxo complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridium - oxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complexation energies for the reactants and products complexes as well as the transition state ( TS ) energy are considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to the expectation of relatively weak basis set dependence for DFT , the basis set effects are large , for example , more than 10 kcal mol ( - 1 ) difference from converged basis for the activation energy with \" small \" basis sets ( DZ / 6 - 31G * * for Ir / other atoms , or SVP ) and still more than 6 kcal mol ( - 1 ) for def2 - TZVPP / 6 - 31G * * .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of the dispersion correction in DFT - D3 schemes affects the energies of reactant complex ( RC ) , TS , and product complex ( PC ) by almost the same amount ; it significantly improves the complexation energy ( the formation of RC ) , but has little effect on the activation energy with respect to RC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With converged basis , some pure GGAs ( PBE - D3 , BP86 - D3 ) as well as the hybrid functional B3LYP - D3 are very accurate compared to benchmark CCSD ( T ) calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of molecular crowding on the temperature - pressure stability diagram of ribonuclease A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FT - IR spectroscopic and thermodynamic measurements were designed to explore the effect of a macromolecular crowder , dextran , on the temperature and pressure - dependent phase diagram of the protein Ribonuclease A ( RNase A ) , and we compare the experimental data with approximate theoretical predictions based on configuration entropy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploring the crowding effect on the pressure - induced unfolding of proteins provides insight in protein stability and folding under cell - like dense conditions , since pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic variable linked to molecular volume .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , these studies are of relevance for understanding protein stability in deep - sea organisms , which have to cope with pressures in the kbar range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that not only temperature - induced equilibrium unfolding of RNase A , but also unfolding induced by pressure is markedly prohibited in the crowded dextran solutions , suggesting that crowded environments such as those found intracellularly , will also oppress high - pressure protein unfolding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FT - IR spectroscopic measurements revealed a marked increase in unfolding pressure of 2 kbar in the presence of 30 wt % dextran .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the structural changes upon thermal unfolding of the protein are not significantly influenced in the presence of the crowding agent , through stabilization by dextran the pressure - unfolded state of the protein retains more ordered secondary structure elements , which seems to be a manifestation of the entropic destabilization of the unfolded state by crowding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteome profiling of peripheral mononuclear cells from human blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( MNCs ) are accessible through blood collection and represent a useful source for investigations on disease mechanisms and treatment response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aiming to build a reference proteome database , we generated three proteome data sets from MNCs using a combination of SDS - PAGE and nanoflow LC - MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments were performed in triplicates and 514 unique proteins were identified by at least two non - redundant peptides with 95 % confidence for all replicates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identified proteins are associated with a range of dermatologic , inflammatory and neurological conditions as well as molecular processes , such as free radical scavenging and cellular growth and proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mapping the MNC proteome provides a valuable resource for studies on disease pathogenesis and the identification of therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bifunctional nanoparticles constructed using one - pot encapsulation of a fluorescent polymer and magnetic ( Fe3O4 ) nanoparticles in a silica shell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integration of biocompatible silica with a fluorescent polymer ( PDDF ) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ( Fe3 O4 ) to form uniform core - shell nanostructures has the great potential to form particles for use in multimodal bioimaging applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "iron oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Core - shell nanoparticles ( PDDF / Fe3 O4 @ SiO2 ) exhibit fluorescent and magnetic properties that are favorable for their use in magnetic separation and guiding applications , as well as optical and magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging capabilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the biological analysis in an in vitro intracellular permeation and cytotoxicity test , chemical conjugation of the surface using folic acid ( FA ) molecules can provide the nanoparticles with cell - targeting properties , localizing the nanoparticles to folate receptors ( FRs ) on target KB cells that over - express the FRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of pediatric samples in an opt - out biorepository linking DNA to de - identified medical records : pediatric BioVU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Vanderbilt DNA repository , BioVU , links DNA from leftover clinical blood samples to de - identified electronic medical records ( EMRs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After initiating adult sample collection , pediatric extension required consideration of ethical concerns specific to pediatrics and implementation of specialized DNA extraction methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first year of pediatric sample collection , more than 11 , 000 samples from individuals younger than 18 years were included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared data from the pediatric BioVU cohort with those from the overall Vanderbilt University Medical Center pediatric population and found similar demographic characteristics ; however , the BioVU cohort had higher rates of select diseases , medication exposures , and laboratory testing , demonstrating enriched representation of severe or chronic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fact that the sample accumulation is not balanced may accelerate research in some cohorts while limiting the study of relatively benign conditions and the accrual of unaffected and unbiased control samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BioVU represents a feasible model for pediatric DNA biobanking but involves both ethical and practical considerations specific to the pediatric population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is this the dose for you ? : the role of modeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To make an informed benefit - risk evaluation of a drug , a range of doses needs to be evaluated and its dose - response and exposure - response relationships for safety and effectiveness assessed during drug development ( International Conference on Harmonisation E4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once a safe and effective population dose ( or doses ) has been determined for indicated use ( s ) , the individual patient dose can then be adjusted based on patient - specific factors ( e . g . , age , race , genetics , organ functions , concomitant medications ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - pot assembly of a hetero - dimeric DNA origami from chip - derived staples and double - stranded scaffold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although structural DNA nanotechnology , and especially scaffolded DNA origami , hold great promise for bottom - up fabrication of novel nanoscale materials and devices , concerns about scalability have tempered widespread enthusiasm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report a single - pot reaction where both strands of double - stranded M13 - bacteriophage DNA are simultaneously folded into two distinct shapes that then heterodimerize with high yield .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fully addressable , two - dimensional heterodimer DNA origami , with twice the surface area of standard M13 origami , formed in high yield ( 81 % of the well - formed monomers undergo dimerization ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also report the concurrent production of entire sets of staple strands by a unique , nicking strand - displacement amplification ( nSDA ) involving reusable surface - bound template strands that were synthesized in situ using a custom piezoelectric inkjet system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of chip - based staple strand production , double - sized origami , and high - yield one - pot assembly markedly increases the useful scale of DNA origami .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo biodistribution of mixed shell micelles with tunable hydrophilic / hydrophobic surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The miserable targeting performance of nanocarriers for cancer therapy arises largely from the rapid clearance from blood circulation and the major accumulation in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system ( RES ) , leading to inefficient enhanced permeability and retention ( EPR ) effect after intravenous injection ( i . v . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we reported an efficient method to prolong the blood circulation of nanoparticles and decrease their deposition in liver and spleen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we fabricated a series of mixed shell micelles ( MSMs ) with approximately the same size , charge and core composition but with varied hydrophilic / hydrophobic ratios in the shell through spontaneously self - assembly of block copolymers poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( l - lysine ) ( PEG - b - PLys ) and poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide ) - block - poly ( aspartic acid ) ( PNIPAM - b - PAsp ) in aqueous medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol ) - block - poly ( l - lysine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 308]}, {"entity": "PEG - b - PLys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 325]}, {"entity": "poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide ) - block - poly ( aspartic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 397]}, {"entity": "PNIPAM - b - PAsp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [400, 417]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the surface heterogeneity on the in vivo biodistribution was systematically investigated through in vivo tracking of the ( 125 ) I - labeled MSMs determined by Gamma counter .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 125 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with single PEGylated micelles , some MSMs were proved to be significantly efficient with more than 3 times lower accumulation in liver and spleen and about 6 times higher concentration in blood at 1 h after i . v . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide us a novel strategy for future development of long - circulating nanocarriers for efficient cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tetrahydropyrroloquinolinone type dual inhibitors of aromatase / aldosterone synthase as a novel strategy for breast cancer patients with elevated cardiovascular risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tetrahydropyrroloquinolinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of aromatase inhibitors to postmenopausal breast cancer patients increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) , which is believed to be caused by the abnormally high concentrations of aldosterone as a consequence of the estrogen deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dual inhibitors of aromatase ( CYP19 ) and aldosterone synthase ( CYP11B2 ) are therefore proposed as a novel strategy for the adjuvant therapy to reduce the CVD risk for these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining decisive structural features of CYP11B2 and CYP19 inhibitors into a common template , a series of pyridinylmethyl substituted 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 - tetrahydro - pyrrolo [ 3 , 2 , 1 - ij ] quinolin - 4 - ones were designed and synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridinylmethyl substituted 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 - tetrahydro - pyrrolo [ 3 , 2 , 1 - ij ] quinolin - 4 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the substituents on the methylene bridge showed strong influences on the inhibitory activities leading to opposite effects , that is , a given substituent showed an increase in inhibition of one enzyme , while it led to a decrease for the other enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compromise of this conflict led to compounds 3j , 3k , 3n , and 3p as potent and selective dual inhibitors of CYP19 and CYP11B2 , especially compound 3p , which exhibited IC ( 50 ) values of 32 and 41 nM for CYP19 and CYP11B2 , respectively , and a high selectivity toward CYP17 and CYP11B1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound is considered as a candidate for further evaluation in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolute configuration and conformational analysis of brevipolides , bioactive 5 , 6 - dihydro - alpha - pyrones from Hyptis brevipes .", "entity": [{"entity": "brevipolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "5 , 6 - dihydro - alpha - pyrones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ( 6 ' S ) - configuration of brevipolides A - J ( 1 - 10 ) , isolated from Hyptis brevipes , was established by X - ray diffraction analysis of 9 in conjunction with Mosher ' s ester analysis of the tetrahydro derivative 11 obtained from both geometric isomers 8 and 9 as well as by chemical correlations .", "entity": [{"entity": "brevipolides A - J", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "Mosher ' s ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the new brevipolide J ( 10 ) was characterized through NMR and MS data as having the same 6 - heptyl - 5 , 6 - dihydro - 2H - pyran - 2 - one framework possessing the cyclopropane moiety of all brevipolides but substituted by an isoferuloyl group instead of the p - methoxycinnamoyl moiety found in 8 and 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "brevipolide J", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "6 - heptyl - 5 , 6 - dihydro - 2H - pyran - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 158]}, {"entity": "cyclopropane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 196]}, {"entity": "brevipolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 223]}, {"entity": "isoferuloyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 257]}, {"entity": "p - methoxycinnamoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conformational analysis of these cytotoxic 6 - heptyl - 5 , 6 - dihydro - alpha - pyrones was carried out on compound 9 by application of a protocol based on comparison between experimental and DFT - calculated vicinal ( 1 ) H - ( 1 ) H NMR coupling constants .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - heptyl - 5 , 6 - dihydro - alpha - pyrones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 89]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H - ( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling was used to correlate minimum energy conformers and observed electronic circular dichroism transitions for the isomeric series of brevipolides .", "entity": [{"entity": "brevipolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 7 - 10 exhibited moderate activity ( ED ( 50 ) 0 . 3 - 8 . 0 mu g / mL ) against a variety of tumor cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment and prevention of various therapeutic conditions using OX receptor antagonistic activity ( WO2012081692 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "WO2012081692", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application WO2012081692 from Taisho Pharmaceutical Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "WO2012081692", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ltd . claims pyrazole - based antagonists of the orexin - 1 and orexin - 2 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utility in a number of therapeutic areas is claimed , including the treatment of sleep disorders ; the most likely use of the claimed compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from in vitro functional assays are presented , with the claimed compounds typically being dual orexin receptor antagonists ( DORAs ) or having moderate selectivity for orexin - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structurally , the claimed compounds represent a variation on established DORA SAR themes and translate features of clinical compounds into a pyrazole - based scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Example 52 , the most potent molecule in the application , has similar molecular weight and lipophilicity to suvorexant , the most advanced DORA , with broadly comparable potency in functional assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "suvorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensor based on polyethylenimine - capped silver nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver nanoclusters capped by hyperbranched polyethylenimine ( PEI ) have been developed as a highly sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The probe responds rapidly to pH fluctuations and has such absorption characteristics that the color changes from the colorless or a nearly colorless state to a colored state with increasing acidity , so PEI - capped Ag nanoclusters could be used as a color indicator for colorimetric pH detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitatively , the fluorescence intensity of PEI - capped Ag nanoclusters exhibits a linear fashion over the pH range of 5 . 02 - 7 . 96 and increases by around 10 - fold approximately with greater fluorescence at higher pH values .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The repulsion development and conformational change of PEI with decreasing pH induce the aggregation of Ag nanoclusters , leading to an obvious color change and fluorescence quenching of Ag nanoclusters at low pH values .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , the pH probe is also sensitive to the different buffer solutions , except for those containing some anions that could react with Ag nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the ionic strength of the buffers has a little influence on the pH - responsive behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our pH sensor with nanoscaled physical dimensions would be a promising candidate in the applications in biological , medical , and pharmaceutical fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multicolor fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots with narrow emissions and high brightness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots ( Pdots ) have attracted great interest because of their superior characteristics as fluorescent probes , such as high fluorescence brightness , fast radiative rates , and excellent photostability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , currently available Pdots generally exhibit broad emission spectra , which significantly limit their usefulness in many biological applications involving multiplex detections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the design and development of multicolor narrow emissive Pdots based on different boron dipyrromethene ( BODIPY ) units .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron dipyrromethene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BODIPY - containing semiconducting polymers emitting at multiple wavelengths were synthesized and used as precursors for preparing the Pdots , where intraparticle energy transfer led to highly bright , narrow emissions .", "entity": [{"entity": "BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emission full width at half - maximum of the resulting Pdots varies from 40 to 55 nm , which is 1 . 5 - 2 times narrower than those of conventional semiconducting polymer dots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BODIPY 520 Pdots were about an order of magnitude brighter than commercial Qdot 525 under identical laser excitation conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry experiments indicate that the narrow emissions from these bright Pdots are promising for multiplexed biological detections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of arsenic induced cytotoxicity in liver with stress in erythrocytes and its reversibility with Pleurotus florida lectin .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic is one of the most hazardous substances in the environment known to cause toxicity in multiple organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell adhesion , morphological alterations , cell proliferation , terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick - end labeling ( TUNEL ) and caspase - 3 / CPP32 fluorometric protease assay were important biomarkers to assess apoptosis in cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxyuridine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to evaluate arsenic - induced apoptosis in the hepatocytes of rat and its protective efficacy with coadministration of ascorbic acid ( AA ) and Pleurotus florida lectin ( PFL ) individually .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of the present study also showed that arsenic caused cytotoxicity by elevating morphological alterations , TUNEL - positive nuclei , caspase - 3 activity and DNA damage and reducing cell adhesion and cell proliferation in a time - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apoptosis in hepatocytes was reverted to normal value after coadministration of mushroom lectin in arsenic - exposed rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study provided significant evidence that PFL has antiapoptotic property against arsenic - induced toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beneficial effect of PFL was proportional to its duration of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retard activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase , enhanced lipid peroxidation as well as protein carbonyl in erythrocytes caused by arsenic could also be maintained toward normalcy by supplementation of AA and PFL .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These antioxidative effects were exhibited in a time - dependant manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat , treatment with AA and PFL prevented alteration of plasma enzyme activities caused by arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results concluded that treatment with PFL has significant role in protecting animals from arsenic - induced erythrocytic damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding might be of therapeutic benefit in people suffering from chronic exposure to arsenic from natural sources , a global problem especially relevant to millions of people on the Indian subcontinent .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of transcriptional fidelity by active center tuning as derived from RNA polymerase endonuclease reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precise transcription by cellular RNA polymerase requires the efficient removal of noncognate nucleotide residues that are occasionally incorporated .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mis - incorporation causes the transcription elongation complex to backtrack , releasing a single strand 3 ' - RNA segment bearing a noncognate residue , which is hydrolyzed by the active center that carries two Mg ( 2 + ) ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in most x - ray structures only one Mg ( 2 + ) is present .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Mg ( 2 + ) is tightly bound to the active center aspartates , creating an inactive stable state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "aspartates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first residue of the single strand RNA segment in the backtracked transcription elongation complex strongly promotes transcript hydrolytic cleavage by establishing a network of interactions that force a shift of stably bound Mg ( 2 + ) to release some of its aspartate coordination valences for binding to the second Mg ( 2 + ) thus enabling catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 239]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 272]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a rearrangement that we call active center tuning ( ACT ) occurs when all recognition contacts of the active center - bound RNA segment are established and verified by tolerance to stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factor Gre builds on the ACT mechanism in the same reaction by increasing the retention of the second Mg ( 2 + ) and by activating the attacking water , causing 3000 - 4000 - fold reaction acceleration and strongly reinforcing proofreading .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unified mechanism for RNA synthesis and degradation by RNA polymerase predicts that ACT also executes NTP selection thereby contributing to high transcription fidelity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of 5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 4 , 5 - dihydroisoxazoles and 5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 1 , 4 , 2 - dioxazoles as potent firefly luciferase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 4 , 5 - dihydroisoxazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 64]}, {"entity": "5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 1 , 4 , 2 - dioxazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luciferase reporter assays are commonly used in high - throughput screening methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report new firefly luciferase ( FLuc ) inhibitors based on 5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 4 , 5 - dihydroisoxazoles and 5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 1 , 4 , 2 - dioxazoles , which showed up as \" false positives \" in a luciferase reporter gene - based assay for nuclear receptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 4 , 5 - dihydroisoxazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 120]}, {"entity": "5 - benzyl - 3 - phenyl - 1 , 4 , 2 - dioxazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition was shown to be noncompetitive for both natural enzyme substrates ( d - luciferin and ATP ) and selective to FLuc and proven to arise from a direct interaction between the enzyme and the inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - luciferin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 63 evaluated compounds , 28 showed significantly better inhibition potency than the well - known inhibitor resveratrol ( IC ( 50 ) = 59 nM ) , with five compounds having distinctly subnanomolar IC ( 50 ) values .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most efficient compounds inhibited the luminescence at concentrations lower than ( 1 ) / ( 100 ) in comparison to resveratrol ( lowest IC ( 50 ) = 0 . 26 nM ) and can thus be considered to belong to the most potent FLuc inhibitors reported thus far .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the novel inhibitors form a unique molecular library for structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and implementation of two - dimensional polymer adsorption models : evaluating the stability of Candida antarctica lipase B / solid - support interfaces by QCM - D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A two - dimensional model of a solid - supported enzyme catalyst bead is fabricated on a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring ( QCM - D ) sensor to measure in situ interfacial stability and mechanical properties of Candida antarctica Lipase B ( CAL B ) under varied conditions relating to ring - opening polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model was fabricated using a dual photochemical approach , where poly ( methyl methacrylate ) ( PMMA ) thin films were cross - linked by a photoactive benzophenone monolayer and blended cross - linking agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( methyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 97]}, {"entity": "PMMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "benzophenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process produces two - dimensional , homogeneous , rigid PMMA layers , which mimic commercial acrylic resins in a QCM - D experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "acrylic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of CAL B to PMMA in QCM - D under varied buffer ionic strengths produces a viscoelastic enzyme surface that becomes more rigid as ionic strength increases .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rigid CAL B / PMMA interface demonstrates up to 20 % desorption of enzyme with increasing trace water content .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased polycaprolactone ( PCL ) binding at the enzyme surface was also observed , indicating greater PCL affinity for a more hydrated enzyme surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycaprolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme layer destabilized with increasing temperature , yielding near complete reversible catalyst desorption in the model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of the benzimidazole anthelmintic drug flubendazole on rat embryos in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filarial diseases affect millions of people in poverty - stricken areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , an investigation of the potential of flubendazole as a safe , highly efficacious , and field - usable macrofilaricidal drug was begun by Drug for Neglected Diseases initiative .", "entity": [{"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the preclinical development program , whole embryo culture was used to investigate the potential embryotoxicity of flubendazole and its metabolites , reduced and hydrolyzed flubendazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 138]}, {"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albendazole was included as a comparator .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flubendazole and albendazole showed similar potency in affecting rat embryonic development in vitro , inducing retardation of growth and dysmorphogenic effects at concentrations >= 0 . 5 mu g / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "albendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The head , optic and otic systems , branchial arches and posterior body portion were affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffuse areas of cell death were seen in various embryonic districts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The No Observed Effect Level ( NOEL ) was 0 . 25 mu g / mL for both drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced and hydrolyzed flubendazole were less embryotoxic than the parent compound , with NOELs 4 - fold and > 40 - fold higher than that of flubendazole , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "flubendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan L . ) on high - fat diet - induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obesity is associated with increased systemic and airway oxidative stress , which may result from a combination of adipokine imbalance and antioxidant defenses reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obesity - mediated oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia , vascular disease , and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidyslipidemic activity of pigeon pea were evaluated by high - fat diet ( HFD ) hamsters model , in which the level of high - density lipoprotein - cholesterol ( HDL - C ) , low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol ( LDL - C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and total triglyceride ( TG ) were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 251]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that pigeon pea administration promoted cholesterol converting to bile acid in HFD - induced hamsters , thereby exerting hypolipidemic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the statistical results , pigeon pea significantly increased hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase - 1 ( CPT - 1 ) , LDL receptor , and cholesterol 7 alpha - hydroxylase ( also known as cytochrome P450 7A1 , CYP7A1 ) expression to attenuate dyslipidemia in HFD - fed hamsters ; and markedly elevated antioxidant enzymes in the liver of HFD - induced hamsters , further alleviating lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects may attribute to pigeon pea contained large of unsaturated fatty acids ( UFA ; C18 : 2 ) and phytosterol ( beta - sitosterol , campesterol , and stigmasterol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "unsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 84]}, {"entity": "UFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "phytosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 138]}, {"entity": "campesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}, {"entity": "stigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the effects of pigeon pea on dyslipidemia were greater than beta - sitosterol administration ( 4 % ) , suggesting that phytosterone in pigeon pea could prevent metabolic syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "phytosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel treatment options for epilepsy : focus on perampanel .", "entity": [{"entity": "perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perampanel is a new chemical entity recently approved in the United States ( US ) and European Union ( EU ) as adjunctive treatment of partial - onset seizures with and without secondary generalization in patients with epilepsy aged 12 years and older .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological studies suggest that perampanel acts with a new mechanism of action via non - competitive antagonism of the ionotropic alpha - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methyl - 4 - isoxazoleproprionic acid ( AMPA ) receptor of glutamate , the main mediator of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "alpha - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methyl - 4 - isoxazoleproprionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 206]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 213]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perampanel is completely absorbed after oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug is 95 % bound to plasma proteins and is extensively metabolized by oxidation followed by glucuronidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perampanel has an elimination half - life of approximately 52 - 129h , allowing once daily dosing , with peak plasma levels observed 0 . 25 - 2h post - dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Randomized placebo - controlled trials of adjunctive treatment have demonstrated that once - daily perampanel doses of 4 - 12mg / day significantly reduced partial - onset seizure frequency in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy along with a favorable tolerability profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In perampanel pivotal trials , the most frequently reported treatment emergent adverse events ( > 10 % ) included dizziness , somnolence , fatigue and headache .", "entity": [{"entity": "perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perampanel therapeutic response was maintained in patients included in the long term open - label extension studies for up to 4 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these data , perampanel offers a valuable option in the add - on treatment of partial - onset and secondarily generalized seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "perampanel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAR analysis of novel non - peptidic NPBWR1 ( GPR7 ) antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this Letter we report on the advances in our NPBWR1 antagonist program aimed at optimizing the 5 - chloro - 2 - ( 3 , 5 - dimethylphenyl ) - 4 - ( 4 - methoxyphenoxy ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one lead molecule previously obtained from a high - throughput screening ( HTS ) - derived hit .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - chloro - 2 - ( 3 , 5 - dimethylphenyl ) - 4 - ( 4 - methoxyphenoxy ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and structure - activity relationships ( SAR ) studies around the 3 , 5 - dimethylphenyl and 4 - methoxyphenyl regions resulted in the identification of a novel series of non - peptidic submicromolar NPBWR1 antagonists based on a 5 - chloro - 4 - ( 4 - alkoxyphenoxy ) - 2 - ( benzyl ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one chemotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 5 - dimethylphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 98]}, {"entity": "4 - methoxyphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "5 - chloro - 4 - ( 4 - alkoxyphenoxy ) - 2 - ( benzyl ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst them , 5 - chloro - 2 - ( 9H - fluoren - 9 - yl ) - 4 - ( 4 - methoxyphenoxy ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one 9h ( CYM50769 ) inhibited NPW activation of NPBWR1 with a submicromolar IC ( 50 ) , and displayed high selectivity against a broad array of off - targets with pharmaceutical relevance .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - chloro - 2 - ( 9H - fluoren - 9 - yl ) - 4 - ( 4 - methoxyphenoxy ) pyridazin - 3 ( 2H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 113]}, {"entity": "CYM50769", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our medicinal chemistry study provides innovative non - peptidic selective NPBWR1 antagonists that may enable to clarify the biological role and therapeutic utility of the target receptor in the regulation of feeding behavior , pain , stress , and neuroendocrine function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of iodide deficiency in the lactating rat and pup using a biologically based dose - response model .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A biologically based dose - response ( BBDR ) model for the hypothalamic - pituitary thyroid ( HPT ) axis in the lactating rat and nursing pup was developed to describe the perturbations caused by iodide deficiency on the HPT axis .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model calibrations , carried out by adjusting key model parameters , were used as a technique to evaluate HPT axis adaptations to dietary iodide intake in euthyroid ( 4 . 1 - 39 micro g iodide / day ) and iodide - deficient ( 0 . 31 and 1 . 2 micro g iodide / day ) conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodide - deficient conditions in both the dam and the pup were described with increased blood flow to the thyroid gland , TSH - mediated increase in thyroidal uptake of iodide and binding of iodide in the thyroid gland ( organification ) , and , in general , reduced thyroid hormone production and metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 197]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations in thyroxine ( T4 ) homeostasis were more apparent than for triiodothyronine ( T3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "triiodothyronine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model - predicted average daily area - under - the - serum - concentration - curve ( nM - day ) values for T4 at steady state in the dam and pup decreased by 14 - 15 % for the 1 . 2 micro g iodide / day iodide - deficient diet and 42 - 52 % for the 0 . 31 micro g iodide / day iodide - deficient diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 209]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 270]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat pups that were iodide deficient during gestation and lactation , these decreases in serum T4 levels were associated with declines in thyroid hormone in the fetal brain and a suppression of synaptic responses in the hippocampal region of the brain of the adult offspring ( Gilbert et al . , 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perspectives on the reaction force constant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A synchronous , concerted chemical process is rigorously divided by the reaction force F ( R ) , the negative gradient of V ( R ) , into \" reactant \" and \" product \" regions which are dominated by structural changes and an intervening \" transition \" region which is electronically intensive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction force constant kappa ( R ) , the second derivative of V ( R ) , is negative throughout the transition region , not just at the nominal transition state , at which kappa ( R ) has a minimum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is consistent with experimental evidence that there is a transition region , not simply a specific point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show graphically that significant nonsynchronicity in the process is associated with the development of a maximum of kappa ( R ) in the transition region , which increases as the process becomes more nonsynchronous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( We speculate that for a nonconcerted process this maximum is actually positive . ) Thus , kappa ( R ) can serve as an indicator of the level of nonsynchronicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase - 9 expression by docosahexaenoic acid mediated by heme oxygenase 1 in 12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate - induced MCF - 7 human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matrix metalloproteinase - 9 ( MMP - 9 ) plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit an anti - cancer effect in various human carcinoma cells , but the effect of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) and linoleic acid ( LA ) on metastasis of breast cancer cells is not fully clarified .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyunsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 56]}, {"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 162]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the anti - metastasis potential of DHA and LA in 12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate ( TPA ) - induced MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "12 - O - tetradecanoylphorbol - 13 - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 104]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that TPA ( 100 ng / ml ) induced MMP - 9 enzyme activity both dose - and time - dependently , and 200 mu M DHA and LA significantly inhibited MMP - 9 mRNA and protein expression , enzyme activity , cell migration , and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with PD98059 ( 10 mu M ) , wortmannin ( 10 mu M ) , and GF109203X ( 0 . 5 mu M ) decreased TPA - induced MMP - 9 protein expression and enzyme activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD98059", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "GF109203X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TPA - induced activation of ERK1 , Akt , and PKC delta was attenuated by DHA , whereas LA attenuated only ERK1 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GF109203X also suppressed ERK1 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "GF109203X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EMSA showed that DHA , LA , PD98059 , and wortmannin decreased TPA - induced NF - kappa B and AP - 1 DNA - binding activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "PD98059", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DHA rather than LA dose - dependently increased HO - 1 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HO - 1 siRNA alleviated the inhibition by DHA of TPA - induced MMP - 9 protein expression and enzyme activity in MCF - 7 cells , and HO - 1 knockdown reversed the DHA inhibition of cell migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that DHA and LA have both similar and divergent signaling pathways in the suppression of TPA - induced MCF - 7 metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "TPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of wave - functions with frozen orbitals in mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the local basis equation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of the local basis equation ( Ferenczy and Adams , J . Chem . Phys . 2009 , 130 , 134108 ) in mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics ( QM / MM ) and quantum mechanics / quantum mechanics ( QM / QM ) methods is investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This equation is suitable to derive local basis nonorthogonal orbitals that minimize the energy of the system and it exhibits good convergence properties in a self - consistent field solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These features make the equation appropriate to be used in mixed QM / MM and QM / QM methods to optimize orbitals in the field of frozen localized orbitals connecting the subsystems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculations performed for several properties in divers systems show that the method is robust with various choices of the frozen orbitals and frontier atom properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With appropriate basis set assignment , it gives results equivalent with those of a related approach [ G . G . Ferenczy previous paper in this issue ] using the Huzinaga equation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the local basis equation can be used in mixed QM / MM methods with small size quantum subsystems to calculate properties in good agreement with reference Hartree - Fock - Roothaan results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that bond charges are not necessary when the local basis equation is applied , although they are required for the self - consistent field solution of the Huzinaga equation based method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , the deformation of the wave - function near to the boundary is observed without bond charges and this has a significant effect on deprotonation energies but a less pronounced effect when the total charge of the system is conserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local basis equation can also be used to define a two layer quantum system with nonorthogonal localized orbitals surrounding the central delocalized quantum subsystem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials for the active layer of organic photovoltaics : ternary solar cell approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Power conversion efficiencies in excess of 7 % have been achieved with bulk heterojunction ( BHJ ) - type organic solar cells using two components : p - and n - doped materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energy level and absorption profile of the active layer can be tuned by introduction of an additional component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful design of the additional component is required to achieve optimal panchromatic absorption , suitable energy - level offset , balanced electron and hole mobility , and good light - harvesting efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews the recent progress on ternary organic photovoltaic systems , including polymer / small molecule / functional fullerene , polymer / polymer / functional fullerene , small molecule / small molecule / functional fullerene , polymer / functional fullerene I / functional fullerene II , and polymer / quantum dot or metal / functional fullerene systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 273]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 298]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell wounding activates phospholipase D in primary mouse keratinocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma membrane disruptions occur in mechanically active tissues such as the epidermis and can lead to cell death if the damage remains unrepaired .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repair occurs through fusion of vesicle patches to the damaged membrane region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme phospholipase D ( PLD ) is involved in membrane traffickiing ; therefore , the role of PLD in membrane repair was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generation of membrane disruptions by lifting epidermal keratinocytes from the substratum induced PLD activation , whereas removal of cells from the substratum via trypsinization had no effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , previously shown to increase PLD1 expression and activity , had no effect on , and a PLD2 - selective ( but not a PLD1 - selective ) inhibitor decreased , cell lifting - induced PLD activation , suggesting PLD2 as the isoform activated .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLD2 interacts functionally with the glycerol channel aquaporin - 3 ( AQP3 ) to produce phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) ; however , wounding resulted in decreased PG production , suggesting a potential PG deficiency in wounded cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell lifting - induced PLD activation was transient , consistent with a possible role in membrane repair , and PLD inhibitors inhibited membrane resealing upon laser injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an in vivo full - thickness mouse skin wound model , PG accelerated wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that PLD and the PLD2 / AQP3 signaling module may be involved in membrane repair and wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone marrow NR4A expression is not a dominant factor in the development of atherosclerosis or macrophage polarization in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of the atherosclerotic lesion is a complex process influenced by an array of inflammatory and lipid metabolism pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that NR4A nuclear receptors are highly induced in macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli and modulate the expression of genes linked to inflammation in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we used mouse genetic models to assess the impact of NR4A expression on atherosclerosis development and macrophage polarization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transplantation of wild - type , Nur77 - / - , or Nor1 - / - null hematopoetic precursors into LDL receptor ( LDLR ) - / - recipient mice led to comparable development of atherosclerotic lesions after high - cholesterol diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed comparable induction of genes linked to M1 and M2 responses in wild - type and Nur77 - null macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharides and interleukin ( IL ) - 4 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , activation of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor ( LXR ) strongly suppressed M1 responses , and ablation of signal transductor and activator of transcription 6 ( STAT6 ) strongly suppressed M2 responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have suggested that alterations in levels of Ly6C ( lo ) monocytes may be a contributor to inflammation and atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , loss of Nur77 , but not Nor1 , was associated with decreased abundance of Ly6C ( lo ) monocytes , but this change was not correlated with atherosclerotic lesion development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , our results suggest that alterations in the Ly6C ( lo ) monocyte population and bone marrow NR4A expression do not play dominant roles in macrophage polarization or the development of atherosclerosis in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visualizing the perturbation of cellular cyclic di - GMP levels in bacterial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclic di - GMP ( c - di - GMP ) has emerged as a prominent intracellular messenger that coordinates biofilm formation and pathogenicity in many bacterial species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclic di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developing genetically encoded biosensors for c - di - GMP will help us understand how bacterial cells respond to environmental changes via the modulation of cellular c - di - GMP levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the design of two genetically encoded c - di - GMP fluorescent biosensors with complementary dynamic ranges .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using the biosensors , we found that several compounds known to promote biofilm dispersal trigger a decline in c - di - GMP levels in Escherichia coli cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , cellular c - di - GMP levels were elevated when the bacterial cells were treated with subinhibitory concentrations of biofilm - promoting antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biosensors also revealed that E . coli cells engulfed by macrophages exhibit lower c - di - GMP levels , most likely as a response to the enormous pressures of survival during phagocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "c - di - GMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the azo / hydrazo equilibrium in Sudan I azo dye derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "azo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "hydrazo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "Sudan I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "azo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , Raman , infrared , UV / vis , NMR , and single crystal X - ray diffraction spectroscopies are used to elucidate the tautomeric equilibrium of azo dyes derived from 1 - phenyl - azo - 2 - naphthol ( Sudan I ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "azo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}, {"entity": "1 - phenyl - azo - 2 - naphthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 211]}, {"entity": "Sudan I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new crystallographic structure is described for Sudan I , revealing the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and supramolecular interactions , such as the unconventional C - H . . . O hydrogen bond type , pi - stacking , and charge - dipole interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sudan I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "C - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 182]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 190]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of these weak intermolecular interactions play a role in the stability of the crystalline structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical calculations are also reported for geometries , energy , and spectroscopic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predicted spectra are in accordance with the experiments carried out in the solid state and in solution of dichloromethane , carbon tetrachloride , and chloroform , suggesting the hydrazo form as the preferable tautomer in gas and condensate phases for Sudan I and its derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "carbon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 149]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "hydrazo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "Sudan I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereoselective Rh2 ( S - IBAZ ) 4 - catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes , alkynes , and allenes : asymmetric synthesis of diacceptor cyclopropylphosphonates and alkylidenecyclopropanes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rh2 ( S - IBAZ ) 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "alkynes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "allenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "cyclopropylphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 159]}, {"entity": "alkylidenecyclopropanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mild and highly stereoselective rhodium ( II ) - catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes , alkynes , and allenes with diacceptor diazo compounds is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhodium ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "alkynes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "allenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "diazo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the phosphonate moiety as an efficient trans - directing group , the first catalytic asymmetric route to diacceptor cycloprop ( en ) ylphosphonates was developed by employing an alpha - cyano diazophosphonate and Rh ( 2 ) ( S - IBAZ ) ( 4 ) as chiral catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "cycloprop ( en ) ylphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 153]}, {"entity": "alpha - cyano diazophosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 214]}, {"entity": "Rh ( 2 ) ( S - IBAZ ) ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isosteric character of phosphonic and carboxylic acid derivatives allowed the alternative use of an alpha - cyano diazo ester in the process , leading to alpha - cyano cycloprop ( en ) ylcarboxylates in high yields and stereoselectivities .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphonic and carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 57]}, {"entity": "alpha - cyano diazo ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 129]}, {"entity": "alpha - cyano cycloprop ( en ) ylcarboxylates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking advantage of the particular reactivity of the cyanocarbene intermediates involved in this system , the scope of compatible substrates could be extended to substituted allenes , leading to the development of the first catalytic enantioselective method for the synthesis of diacceptor alkylidenecyclopropanes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyanocarbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "allenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "alkylidenecyclopropanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of thiazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione / biphenylcarbonitrile hybrid as dual PPAR alpha / gamma modulator with antidiabetic effect : in vitro , in silico and in vivo approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 41]}, {"entity": "biphenylcarbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small series of thiazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione and barbituric acid derivatives 1 - 4 was prepared using a short synthetic route , and all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis , mass spectrometry , and NMR ( ( 1 ) H , ( 13 ) C ) spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidine - 2 , 4 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 46]}, {"entity": "barbituric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 228]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their in vitro relative expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 showed an increase in the mRNA expression of both peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor isoforms , as well as the GLUT - 4 levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidiabetic activity of compound 1 was determined at 50 mg / kg single dose using a non - insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus rat model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated a significant decrease in plasma glucose levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we performed a molecular docking of compound 1 into the ligand binding pocket of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these binding models , compound 1 may bind into the active site of both isoforms showing important short contacts with the peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma residues : Tyr 473 , His 449 , Ser 289 , His 323 ; and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha residues : Tyr 464 , His 440 , Ser 280 and Tyr 314 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 191]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 201]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 221]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 297]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 307]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 317]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - diabetic property of Tinospora cordifolia and its active compound is mediated through the expression of Glut - 4 in L6 myotubes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tinospora cordifolia is a well reported plant possessing numerous medicinal values including anti - diabetic property .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim of the present study is to study the mechanism of action of Tinospora cordifolia and its active compound in differentiated myocytes , L6 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key marker of diabetes in cells is the insulin dependent glucose transporter - 4 ( Glut - 4 ) which also responds to exogenous chemicals , and is over expressed up to 5 - and 4 - fold , by Tinospora cordifolia and palmatine , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "palmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next to Glut - 4 , the predominant protein influencing glucose metabolism is PPAR alpha and gamma whose expressions were also positively modulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , the inhibitors of insulin pathway prevented glucose uptake mediated by Tinospora cordifolia and palmatine which shows that the activity is majorly mediated through insulin pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "palmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissolution of tablet - in - tablet formulations studied with ATR - FTIR spectroscopic imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work uses ATR - FTIR spectroscopic imaging to study the dissolution of delayed release and pH resistant compressed coating pharmaceutical tablets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tablets with an inner core and outer shell were constructed using a custom designed compaction cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The core of the delayed release tablets consisted of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ( HPMC ) and caffeine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxypropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shell consisted of microcrystalline cellulose ( MCC ) and glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The core of the pH resistant formulations was an ibuprofen and PEG melt and the shell was constructed from HPMC and a basic buffer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV / vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the lag - time of drug release and visible optical video imaging was used as a complementary imaging technique with a larger field of view .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two delayed release mechanisms were established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For tablets with soluble shell sections , lag - time was dependent upon rapid shell dissolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For tablets with less soluble shells , the lag - time was controlled by the rate of dissolution medium ingress through the shell and the subsequent expansion of the wet HPMC core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pH resistant formulations prevented crystallization of the ibuprofen in the core during dissolution despite an acidic dissolution medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR imaging produced important information about the physical and chemical processes occurring at the interface between tablet sections during dissolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of the recrystallization in coated pellets - Effect of coating on API crystallinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coated diltiazem hydrochloride - containing pellets were prepared using the solution layering technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "diltiazem hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unusual thermal behavior was detected with differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) and its source was determined using thermogravimetry ( TG ) , X - ray powder diffraction ( XRPD ) and hot - stage microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coated pellets contained diltiazem hydrochloride both in crystalline and amorphous form .", "entity": [{"entity": "diltiazem hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystallization occurs on heat treatment causing an exothermic peak on the DSC curves that only appears in pellets containing both diltiazem hydrochloride and the coating .", "entity": [{"entity": "diltiazem hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that the amorphous fraction is situated in the coating layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The migration of drugs into the coating layer can cause changes in its degree of crystallinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymeric coating materials should therefore be investigated as possible crystallization inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituted phenyl groups improve the pharmacokinetic profile and anti - inflammatory effect of urea - based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in murine models .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors ( sEHIs ) are anti - inflammatory , analgesic , anti - hypertensive , cardio - and renal - protective in multiple animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the earlier adamantyl - containing urea - based inhibitors are rapidly metabolized .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , new potent inhibitors with the adamantyl group replaced by a substituted phenyl group were synthesized to presumptively offer better pharmacokinetic ( PK ) properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the improved PK profile of these inhibitors and the anti - inflammatory effect of the most promising one in a murine model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PK profiles of inhibitors were determined following p . o . administration and serial bleeding in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory effect of 1 - trifluoromethoxyphenyl - 3 - ( 1 - propionylpiperidin - 4 - yl ) urea ( TPPU ) , the most promising inhibitor among the five sEHIs tested , was investigated in a lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - challenged murine model .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - trifluoromethoxyphenyl - 3 - ( 1 - propionylpiperidin - 4 - yl ) urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 107]}, {"entity": "TPPU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earlier broadly - used adamantyl - containing sEHI , trans - 4 - [ 4 - ( 3 - adamantan - 1 - yl - ureido ) - cyclohexyloxy ] - benzoic acid ( t - AUCB ) , was used for comparison .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "trans - 4 - [ 4 - ( 3 - adamantan - 1 - yl - ureido ) - cyclohexyloxy ] - benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 143]}, {"entity": "t - AUCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the earlier adamantyl - containing urea - based inhibitors , substituted phenyl - containing urea - based inhibitors afford more favorable PK properties , such as higher Cmaxs , larger AUCs and longer t1 / 2s , which , as expected , show more stable metabolic stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , oral administration of TPPU dramatically reversed the shifts caused by LPS - challenge in plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines , epoxides and corresponding diols , which is more potent than t - AUCB .", "entity": [{"entity": "TPPU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "epoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "t - AUCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substituted phenyl - containing sEHIs are more metabolically stable than those with adamantyl group , resulting in more potent efficacy in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "adamantyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates a new strategy for development of sEHIs for further study toward clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oral cavity as a biological barrier system : Design of an advanced buccal in vitro permeability model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An important area for future research lies in finding a drug delivery system across or into the oral mucosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to design such systems , simplified biological models are necessary so that the mechanisms and / or interactions of interest can readily be studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oral epithelium is covered by a complex mucus layer , which enables exchange of nutrients and provides lubrication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it has been demonstrated that mucus has an impact on the mobility of nanoparticles and drug molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we aimed to develop an advanced buccal in vitro model for studying transport of nanoparticles , taking the mucus layer into account .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , animal mucins ( porcine gastric , bovine submaxillary ) were compared with natural human mucin regarding chemical and morphological structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , an \" external \" mucus layer was prepared by a film method and deposited onto an oral cell line ( TR 146 ) , cultured on transwells (R) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adherence of the mucin fibers was evaluated and the viability of the model was assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoparticle transport studies were performed with this advanced in vitro model and an ex vivo diffusion system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that porcine mucin is most similar to human natural mucin in chemical structure and morphology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the bovine and porcine mucin fibers adhered onto the oral cells : Due to the different morphology of bovine mucin , the viability of the oral cells decreased , whereas porcine mucin maintained the viability of the model for more than 48h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of in vitro data with ex vivo data suggested reliability of the advanced buccal in vitro model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it was demonstrated that the mucus layer in the oral cavity also acts as a strong barrier for the mobility of nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activities of thiosemicarbazones from substituted benzaldehydes and N - ( tetra - O - acetyl - beta - D - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazide .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "benzaldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "N - ( tetra - O - acetyl - beta - D - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reaction of N - ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - tetra - O - acetyl - beta - d - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazide and different substituted benzaldehydes gave some new substituted benzaldehyde N - ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - tetra - O - acetyl - beta - d - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazones .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - tetra - O - acetyl - beta - d - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 102]}, {"entity": "benzaldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "benzaldehyde N - ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - tetra - O - acetyl - beta - d - galactopyranosyl ) thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction was performed using conventional and microwave - assisted heating methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of thiosemicarbazones were confirmed by spectroscopic ( IR , ( 1 ) H NMR , ( 13 ) C NMR and ESI - MS ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant activity of these thiosemicarbazones was evaluated in vitro and in vivo , and it ' s shown that some of these compounds had significant antioxidant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst the compounds screened for antioxidant activity , thiosemicarbazones 4a , 4b and 4c showed good antioxidant activity on DPPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiosemicarbazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds 4g , 4i , 4l caused significant elevation of SOD activity and 4e , 4g , 4i , 4l had higher catalase activity , and only compounds 4c and 4f expressed the GSH - Px activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebral and extracerebral cholesterol metabolism and CSF markers of Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disturbances of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism described in Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) may be both a consequence of the neurodegenerative process and a contributor to the pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These putative relationships and their underlying mechanisms are not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cerebral and extracerebral cholesterol synthesis and metabolism , and the AD pathology as reflected by CSF markers in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the relationships between the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations of cholesterol , the cholesterol precursors lanosterol , lathosterol and desmosterol , and the cholesterol elimination products 24S - hydroxycholesterol and 27 - hydroxycholesterol , and the CSF markers for AD pathology A beta 1 - 42 and p - tau181 in 86 subjects with normal cognition and in 107 AD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "lanosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "lathosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "desmosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 253]}, {"entity": "27 - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSF desmosterol , cholesterol and 24S - hydroxycholesterol in the AD group , and CSF 24S - hydroxycholesterol in the control group correlated with the p - tau181 levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "desmosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 58]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither CSF nor plasma concentrations of the included compounds correlated with the CSF A beta 1 - 42 levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In multivariate regression tests including age , gender , albumin ratio , number of the APOE epsilon 4 alleles , and diagnosis , p - tau181 levels independently predicted the CSF desmosterol , cholesterol and 24S - hydroxycholesterol concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "desmosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 190]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The associations remained significant for CSF cholesterol and 24S - hydroxycholesterol when analyses were separately performed in the AD group .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that alterations of CNS cholesterol de novo genesis and metabolism are related to neurodegeneration and in particular to the cerebral accumulation of phosphorylated tau .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxic effects of lead exposure in Wistar rats : involvement of oxidative stress and the beneficial role of edible jute ( Corchorus olitorius ) leaves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead ( Pb ) is considered to be a multi - target toxicant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves against Pb - acetate induced toxic manifestation in blood , liver , kidney , brain and heart of Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pb - acetate ( 5mg / kg body weight ) treated rats exhibited a significant inhibition of co - enzymes Q , antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in the tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "co - enzymes Q", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the extent of lipid peroxidation , DNA fragmentation and haematological parameters were significantly altered in the Pb - acetate treated rats as compared to control .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb - acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous administration of test extract ( 25 , 50 and 100mg / kg body weight ) , could significantly restore the biochemical and haematological parameters near to the normal status through antioxidant activity and / or by preventing bioaccumulation of Pb within the tissues of experimental rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presence of substantial quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in the extract may be responsible for the observed protective role against Pb - intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical composition and anticancer activity of essential oils of Mediterranean sage ( Salvia officinalis L . ) grown in different environmental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salvia officinalis L . can be found worldwide and its leaves are commonly used as ingredient in food industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sage essential oil is applied in the treatment of a range of diseases and has been shown to possess different biological activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objectives of our research were to study the effects of environment on crop , chemical composition and anticancer activity on S . officinalis essential oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sage was cultivated at eighteen experimental sites in south - central Italy ( Molise ) in different growing environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oils ( S1 - S18 ) , extracted by hydrodistillation , were analyzed by GC and CG / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show that the main components were alpha - thujone , camphor , borneol , gamma - muurolene and sclareol for all the samples , but the percentages of these compounds varied depending on environmental factors such as altitude , water availability and pedo - climatic conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - thujone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "camphor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "borneol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "gamma - muurolene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "sclareol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The growth - inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of the eighteen sage essential oils were evaluated in three human melanoma cell lines , A375 , M14 , and A2058 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alkyl esters of gallic acid as anticancer agents : a review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alkyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current review presents the antitumoral properties of gallic acid and its ester derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous studies have indicated that the alkyl esters are more effective against tumor cell lines than gallic acid , and that this activity is related to their hydrophobic moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All related studies have shown that the antitumor activity is interconnected to the induction of apoptosis by different mechanisms and it depends on the cell type .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results presented in this review may help to emphasize that these compounds could be promising as a new alternative for the treatment of cancer , either alone or in combination with other antitumor drugs to potentiate their effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlamydophila pneumoniae endonuclease IV prefers to remove mismatched 3 ' ribonucleotides : implication in proofreading mismatched 3 ' - terminal nucleotides in short - patch repair synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 ' ribonucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA polymerase I ( DNApolI ) catalyzes DNA synthesis during Okazaki fragment maturation , base excision repair , and nucleotide excision repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some bacterial DNApolIs are deficient in 3 ' - 5 ' exonuclease , which is required for removing an incorrectly incorporated 3 ' - terminal nucleotide during DNA elongation by DNA polymerase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key amino acid residues in the exonuclease center of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNApolI ( CpDNApolI ) are naturally mutated , resulting in the loss of 3 ' - 5 ' exonuclease .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the manner by which CpDNApolI proofreads the incorrectly incorporated nucleotide during DNA synthesis warrants clarification .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . pneumoniae encodes three 3 ' - 5 ' exonuclease activities : one endonuclease IV and two homologs of the epsilon subunit of replicative DNA polymerase III .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three proteins were biochemically characterized using single - and double - stranded DNA substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , C . pneumoniae endonuclease IV ( CpendoIV ) possesses 3 ' - 5 ' exonuclease activity that prefers to remove mismatched 3 ' - terminal nucleotides in the nick , gap , and 3 ' recess of a double - stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we reconstituted the proofreading reaction of the mismatched 3 ' - terminal nucleotide using the dsDNA with a nick or 3 ' recess as substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon proofreading of the mismatched 3 ' - terminal nucleotide by CpendoIV , CpDNApolI can correctly reincorporate the matched nucleotide and the nick is further sealed by DNA ligase .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our biochemical results , we proposed that CpendoIV was responsible for proofreading the replication errors of CpDNApolI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear receptor CAR specifically activates the two - pore K + channel Kcnk1 gene in male mouse livers , which attenuates phenobarbital - induced hepatic hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "K +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KCNK1 , a member of the family of two - pore K ( + ) ion channels , is specifically induced in the livers of male mice after phenobarbital treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have determined the molecular mechanism of this male - specific activation of the Kcnk1 gene and characterized KCNK1 as a phenobarbital - inducible antihyperplasia factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon activation by phenobarbital , nuclear receptor CAR binds the 97 - bp response element ( - 2441 / - 2345 ) within the Kcnk1 promoter .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This binding is observed in the livers of male mice , but not in the livers of female mice and requires the pituitary gland , because hypophysectomy abrogates it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperplasia further progressed in the livers of Kcnk1 ( - / - ) male mice compared with those of Kcnk1 ( + / + ) males after phenobarbital treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , KCNK1 suppresses phenobarbital - induced hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that phenobarbital treatment induces KCNK1 to elicit a male - specific and growth - suppressing signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , KCNK1 and Kcnk1 ( - / - ) mice provide an experimental tool for further investigation into the molecular mechanism of CAR - mediated promotion of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postweaning exposure to dietary zearalenone , a mycotoxin , promotes premature onset of puberty and disrupts early pregnancy events in female mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zearalenone ( ZEA ) is a mycotoxin commonly found in contaminated livestock feed and human food with levels in the range of ppb and low ppm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was hypothesized that ZEA , an endocrine disruptor , could affect puberty and early pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test this hypothesis , newly weaned ( 3 weeks old ) C57BL / 6J female mice were exposed to 0 , 0 . 002 , 4 , 10 , and 40 ppm ZEA and 0 . 05 ppm diethylstilbestrol ( positive control ) in phytoestrogen - free AIN - 93G diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbestrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Females exposed to 10 and 40 ppm ZEA diets showed earlier onset of vaginal opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those treated with 40 ppm ZEA diet also had earlier first copulation plug and irregular estrous cyclicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 8 weeks old , all females were mated with untreated stud males on AIN - 93G diet during mating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment resumed upon identification of a vaginal plug on gestation day 0 . 5 ( D0 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Embryo implantation was assessed on D4 . 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to 40 ppm ZEA diet resulted in reduced percentage of plugged mice with implantation sites , distended uterine appearance , and retained expression of progesterone receptor in D4 . 5 uterine epithelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the exposure timing and mechanisms of disrupted embryo implantation , four groups of females were fed with 0 or 40 ppm ZEA diets during premating ( weaning to mating ) and postmating ( D0 . 5 - D4 . 5 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Premating exposure to 40 ppm ZEA diet reduced fertilization rate , whereas postmating exposure to 40 ppm ZEA diet delayed embryo transport and preimplantation embryo development , which subsequently affected embryo implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that postweaning exposure to dietary ZEA can promote premature onset of puberty and disrupt early pregnancy events .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autophagy inhibition for chemosensitization and radiosensitization in cancer : do the preclinical data support this therapeutic strategy ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognition of the cytoprotective functions of autophagy that occur in tumor cells exposed to various forms of chemotherapy or radiation has generated intense interest in the possibility that pharmacological interference with autophagy could provide a clinical strategy for overcoming therapeutic resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple clinical trials are currently in progress to evaluate the antimalarial agent chloroquine ( generally in its clinical formulation as hydroxychloroquine ) and its impact on various forms of cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "hydroxychloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this commentary / review , we focus on the relatively limited number of studies in the literature where chloroquine has been tested in combination with chemotherapy or radiation in experimental tumor - bearing animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also present recent data from our own laboratories , in cell culture experiments as well as in vivo studies , which demonstrate that neither chloroquine nor silencing of an autophagy regulatory gene was effective in conferring radiation sensitivity in an experimental model of breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capacity for sensitization by chloroquine appears to be quite wide - ranging , with dramatic effects for some drugs / tumor models and modest or minimal effects in others .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One possible caveat is that , with only a few exceptions , experiments have generally been performed in xenograft models , thereby eliminating the involvement of the immune system , which might ultimately be proven to play a central role in determining the effectiveness of autophagy inhibition in chemosensitization or radiosensitization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , a careful review of the current literature suggests that caution is likely to be warranted in translating preclinical findings relating to autophagy inhibition as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of selenolate - protected Au18 ( SeC6H5 ) 14 nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "Au18 ( SeC6H5 ) 14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work reports the first synthesis of selenophenolate - protected Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 ) nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenophenolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cluster exhibits distinct differences from its thiolate analogue in terms of optical absorption properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 ) nanoclusters were obtained via a controlled reaction of Au ( 25 ) ( SCH ( 2 ) CH ( 2 ) Ph ) ( 18 ) with selenophenol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "Au ( 25 ) ( SCH ( 2 ) CH ( 2 ) Ph ) ( 18 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 128]}, {"entity": "selenophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrospray ionization time - of - flight mass spectrometry ( ESI - TOF - MS ) revealed the crude product to contain predominantly Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 ) nanoclusters , and side products include Au ( 15 ) ( SePh ) ( 13 ) , Au ( 19 ) ( SePh ) ( 15 ) and Au ( 20 ) ( SePh ) ( 16 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "Au ( 15 ) ( SePh ) ( 13 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 224]}, {"entity": "Au ( 19 ) ( SePh ) ( 15 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 252]}, {"entity": "Au ( 20 ) ( SePh ) ( 16 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) was employed to isolate Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 ) nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( 18 ) ( SePh ) ( 14 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) , elemental analysis ( EA ) , and ( 1 ) H / ( 13 ) C NMR spectroscopy confirmed the cluster composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first report of selenolate - protected Au ( 18 ) nanoclusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Au ( 18 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future theoretical and X - ray crystallographic work will reveal the geometric structure and the nature of selenolate - gold bonding in the nanocluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physico - chemical \" anatomy \" of the tautomerization through the DPT of the biologically important pairs of hypoxanthine with DNA bases : QM and QTAIM perspectives .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biologically important tautomerization of the Hyp . Cyt , Hyp * . Thy and Hyp . Hyp base pairs to the Hyp * . Cyt * , Hyp . Thy * and Hyp * . Hyp * base pairs , respectively , by the double proton transfer ( DPT ) was comprehensively studied in vacuo and in the continuum with a low dielectric constant ( epsilon = 4 ) corresponding to hydrophobic interfaces of protein - nucleic acid interactions by combining theoretical investigations at the B3LYP / 6 - 311 + + G ( d , p ) level of QM theory with QTAIM topological analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the sweeps of the energetic , electron - topological , geometric and polar parameters , which describe the course of the tautomerization along the intrinsic reaction coordinate ( IRC ) , it was proved that the tautomerization through the DPT is concerted and asynchronous process for the Hyp . Cyt and Hyp * . Thy base pairs , while concerted and synchronous for the Hyp . Hyp homodimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 300]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [303, 306]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 314]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 322]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 379]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [382, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The continuum with epsilon = 4 does not affect qualitatively the course of the tautomerization reaction for all studied complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nine key points along the IRC of the Hyp . Cyt <--> Hyp * . Cyt * and Hyp * . Thy <--> Hyp . Thy * tautomerizations and the six key points of the Hyp . Hyp <--> Hyp * . Hyp * tautomerization have been identified and fully characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These key points could be considered as electron - topological \" fingerprints \" of concerted asynchronous ( for Hyp . Cyt and Hyp * . Thy ) or synchronous ( for Hyp . Hyp ) tautomerization process via the DPT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 164]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found , that in the Hyp * . Cyt * , Hyp . Thy * , Hyp . Hyp and Hyp * . Hyp * base pairs all H - bonds are significantly cooperative and mutually reinforce each other , while the C2H ... O2 H - bond in the Hyp . Cyt base pair and the O6H ... O4 H - bond in the Hyp * . Thy base pair behave anti - cooperatively , i . e . , they become weakened , while two others become strengthened .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 101]}, {"entity": "C2H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "O2 H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 216]}, {"entity": "Cyt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 222]}, {"entity": "O6H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 244]}, {"entity": "O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 251]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 253]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 271]}, {"entity": "Thy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc deficiency induced in Swiss 3T3 cells by a low - zinc medium impairs calcium entry and two mechanisms of entry are involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc deficiency in 3T3 cells induced by the use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate ( DTPA ) has been shown to impair calcium entry associated with failure of proliferation when the cells are stimulated with polypeptide growth factors ( GF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "diethylenetriaminepentaacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 81]}, {"entity": "DTPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These functions of zinc have been evaluated here in the same clone of cells by simple depletion using a low - zinc medium ( 0 . 05 mu mol / L zinc ) without chelator .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confluent cells were maintained for 1 day in the low - zinc medium without GF , then loaded with Fluo - 4 , and stimulated with GF .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "Fluo - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calcium entry was measured by the increase in sustained fluorescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was preceded by the release of stored calcium as observed in the previous study using DTPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "DTPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc deprivation decreased calcium entry when calcium was added at 0 or 0 . 05 mmol / L but not when 0 . 1 mmol / L or higher .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell proliferation reflected similar effects of zinc and calcium concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a newly acquired clone of 3T3 cells , GF did not induce internal calcium release but thapsigargin ( TG ) did .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "thapsigargin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When added in a low - calcium medium , both agonists stimulated calcium entry when external calcium was added , suggesting that two different mechanisms of entry were impaired by zinc deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc deficiency produced by DTPA in the newer clones gave similar results , decreasing calcium entry induced by both agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "DTPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of GF and TG were not additive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results confirm the earlier observation that zinc deficiency impairs calcium entry into 3T3 cells when stimulated by GF and show that the cells can take up calcium by either store - operated or receptor - operated mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical investigation into optical and electronic properties of 1 , 8 - naphthalimide derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 8 - naphthalimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 1 , 8 - naphthalimide derivatives has been designed to explore their optical , electronic , and charge transport properties as charge transport and / or luminescent materials for organic light - emitting diodes ( OLEDs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 8 - naphthalimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frontier molecular orbitals ( FMOs ) analysis have shown that the vertical electronic transitions of absorption and emission are characterized as intramolecular charge transfer ( ICT ) for electron - donating and aromatic groups substituted derivatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the ICT character of the electron - withdrawing substituted derivatives is not significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calculated results show that their optical and electronic properties are affected by the substituent groups in 4 - position of 1 , 8 - naphthalimide .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 8 - naphthalimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that 1 , 8 - naphthalimide derivatives with electron - donating - OCH3 and - N ( CH3 ) 2 ( 1 and 2 ) , electron - withdrawing - CN and - COCH3 ( 3 and 4 ) , 2 - ( thiophen - 2 - yl ) thiophene ( 5 ) , 2 , 3 - dihydrothieno [ 3 , 4 - b ] [ 1 , 4 ] dioxine ( 6 ) , 2 - phenyl - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole ( 7 ) , and benzo [ c ] [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] thiadiazole ( 8 ) fragments are expected to be promising candidates for luminescent materials for OLEDs , particularly for 5 and 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 8 - naphthalimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "- OCH3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "- N ( CH3 ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "- CN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "- COCH3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "2 - ( thiophen - 2 - yl ) thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 212]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 - dihydrothieno [ 3 , 4 - b ] [ 1 , 4 ] dioxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 274]}, {"entity": "2 - phenyl - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 318]}, {"entity": "benzo [ c ] [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] thiadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 368]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , 3 and 7 can be used as promising hole transport materials for OLEDs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study should be helpful in further theoretical investigations on such kind of systems and also to the experimental study for charge transport and / or luminescent materials for OLEDs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethylenimine Dual - Functionalized Nano - Graphene Oxide for Photothermally Enhanced Gene Delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyethylene Glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Graphene Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene oxide ( GO ) has been extensively explored in nanomedicine for its excellent physiochemical , electrical , and optical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) and polyethylenimine ( PEI ) are covalently conjugated to GO via amide bonds , obtaining a physiologically stable dual - polymer - functionalized nano - GO conjugate ( NGO - PEG - PEI ) with ultra - small size .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 26]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 212]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with free PEI and the GO - PEI conjugate without PEGylation , NGO - PEG - PEI shows superior gene transfection efficiency without serum interference , as well as reduced cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utilizing the NIR optical absorbance of NGO , the cellular uptake of NGO - PEG - PEI is shown to be enhanced under a low power NIR laser irradiation , owing to the mild photothermal heating that increases the cell membrane permeability without significantly damaging cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the results , remarkably enhanced plasmid DNA transfection efficiencies induced by the NIR laser are achieved using NGO - PEG - PEI as the light - responsive gene carrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More importantly , it is shown that our NGO - PEG - PEI is able to deliver small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) into cells under the control of NIR light , resulting in obvious down - regulation of the target gene , Polo - like kinase 1 ( Plk1 ) , in the presence of laser irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is the first to use photothermally enhanced intracellular trafficking of nanocarriers for light - controllable gene delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work also encourages further explorations of functionalized nano - GO as a photocontrollable nanovector for combined photothermal and gene therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of smoking on the oxidant / antioxidant balance and the blood lipids in pesticide sprayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was conducted on 80 pesticide male sprayers ( 42 nonsmokers and 38 smokers ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to estimate the smoking effects on blood lipids and oxidant / antioxidant status in pesticide sprayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results revealed that cholesterol , low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) and glutathion peroxidase ( GPx ) enzyme were significantly higher in the 38 smoker sprayers than in the 42 nonsmoker sprayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "glutathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholesterol and LDL were correlated with smoking index and high - density lipoprotein ( HDL ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) enzyme and zinc ( Zn ) were inversely correlated with duration of pesticides ' exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nonsmokers , LDL and cholesterol were negatively correlated with SOD and correlated with malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , and cholesterol was negatively correlated with Zn .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HDL was negatively correlated with MDA in all the sprayers , but was correlated with GPx in smokers and with Zn in nonsmokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In smokers , LDL was negatively correlated with GPx , HDL was negatively correlated with MDA and triglycerides and very - low - density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with Zn .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDA was negatively correlated with SOD , GPx and Zn .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smoking and pesticide exposure could be responsible for hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , improvement in the antioxidant status is mandatory for pesticide sprayers especially the ones who smoke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agreement between chest radiography and high - resolution computed tomography in diagnosing dust - related interstitial lung fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it has been suggested that high - resolution computed tomography ( HRCT ) scans can be obtained when plain radiographs are equivocal for the presence of interstitial lung fibrosis ( ILF ) caused by inhalation of dust , such as silica , asbestos fibres , etc . , the specificity of the findings remains in question .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 242]}, {"entity": "asbestos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was carried out to compare the relative efficacy of chest radiography by conventional method and HRCT in evaluating ILF which included 22 workers exposed to fibrogenic dust , who were subjected to clinical examination , pulmonary function testing , posteroanterior chest radiography and HRCT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the six subjects who had findings suggestive of ILF on HRCT , four had normal chest x - ray ( CXR ) while one each has been diagnosed as having tuberculosis and ILF on CXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agreement analysis between HRCT and CXR suggests that there was a poor agreement between HRCT and CXR ( kappa = 0 . 34 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum mineral status of long - term cigarette smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was carried out to investigate comparatively some serum mineral levels of cigarette smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 25 nonsmokers ( control group ) and 50 long - term cigarette smokers ( smoking for at least 15 years ; smoker group ) were participated in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects were between 25 and 40 years old .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control and smoker groups were matched for age , sex and body mass index status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blood samples were taken from smokers and nonsmokers after 12 h of fasting period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of zinc ( Zn ) , copper ( Cu ) , iron ( Fe ) , magnesium ( Mg ) , calcium ( Ca ) , potassium ( K ) , chlorine ( Cl ) , sodium ( Na ) and phosphorus ( P ) were measured by autoanalyzer using commercial kits .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 107]}, {"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Student ' s t test was used to compare the control and smoker groups , and p < 0 . 05 indicated a significant difference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pearson ' s correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate the relationship among parameters in smoker and control groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there was no statistical difference ( p > 0 . 05 ) between the groups regarding the levels of K , P , Mg , Na , Cl , Zn , Fe , Ca and Cu , some positive correlations were observed in controls but not in smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 104]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 108]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 133]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it was concluded that smoking does not affect the serum mineral levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it may negatively affect some important positive correlations among minerals observed in healthy individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occupational hazards control of hazardous substances in clean room of semiconductor manufacturing plant using CFD analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manufacturing processes in chip industries are complex , and many kinds of raw materials and solvents of different nature are used , most of which are highly toxic and dangerous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the machine preventive maintenance period , these toxic and harmful substances will escape from the sealed reaction chamber to the clean workshop environment and endanger the health of the workers on - site , resulting in occupational diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the perspective of prevention , the spread and prediction of hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) that escaped from the metal - etching chamber during maintenance were studied in this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrochloric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The computational fluid dynamics technology was used for a three - dimensional numerical simulation of the indoor air velocity field and the HCl concentration field , and the simulation results were then compared with the on - site monitoring data to verify the correctness and feasibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The occupational hazards and control measures were analyzed based on the numerical simulation , and the optimal control measure was obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , using the method of ambient air to analyze the occupational exposure can provide a new idea to the field of occupational health research in the integrated circuit industry and had theoretical and practical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmon dynamics in colloidal Au 2 Cd alloy - CdSe core / shell nanocrystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au 2 Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metal - semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures are model systems for understanding the interplay between the localized surface plasmon resonances in the metal domain and the relaxation of the excited carriers in the semiconductor domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the synthesis of colloidal Au 2 Cd ( core ) / CdSe ( shell ) nanocrystal heterostructures , which were characterized extensively with several structural and optical techniques , including time - resolved fluorescence and broad - band transient absorption spectroscopy ( both below and above the CdSe band gap ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au 2 Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of the transient plasmon peak was dominated by the relaxation of hot carriers in the metal core , its spectral shape was independent of the pump wavelength , and the bleaching lifetime was about half a picosecond , comparable with the value found in the AuCd seeds used for the synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "AuCd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermodynamic studies of ionic hydration and interactions for amino acid ionic liquids in aqueous solutions at 298 . 15 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid ionic liquids are a special class of ionic liquids due to their unique acid - base behavior , biological significance , and applications in different fields such as templates in synthetic chemistry , stabilizers for biological macromolecules , etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physicochemical properties of these ionic liquids can easily be altered by making the different combinations of amino acids as anion along with possible cation modification which makes amino acid ionic liquids more suitable to understand the different kinds of molecular and ionic interactions with sufficient depth so that they can provide fruitful information for a molecular level understanding of more complicated biological processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , volumetric and osmotic coefficient measurements for aqueous solutions containing 1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium ( [ Emim ] ) based amino acid ionic liquids of glycine , alanine , valine , leucine , and isoleucine are reported at 298 . 15 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 132]}, {"entity": "Emim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 197]}, {"entity": "valine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 206]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}, {"entity": "isoleucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From experimental osmotic coefficient data , mean molal activity coefficients of ionic liquids were estimated and analyzed using the Debye - H u ckel and Pitzer models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydration numbers of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions were obtained using activity data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pitzer ion interaction parameters are estimated and compared with other electrolytes reported in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonelectrolyte contribution to the aqueous solutions containing ionic liquids was studied by calculating the osmotic second virial coefficient through an application of the McMillan - Mayer theory of solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been found that the second osmotic virial coefficient which includes volume effects correlates linearly with the Pitzer ion interaction parameter estimated independently from osmotic data as well as the hydrophobicity of ionic liquids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enthalpy - entropy compensation effect , explained using the Starikov - Nord e n model of enthalpy - entropy compensation , and partial molar entropy analysis for aqueous [ Emim ] [ Gly ] solutions are made by using experimental Gibb ' s free energy data and literature enthalpy data .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study highlights that the hydrophobic interaction persists even in the limit of infinite dilution where the hydration effects are usually dominant , implying importance of hydrophobic hydration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the results further shows that the hydration of amino acid ionic liquids occurs through the cooperative H - bond formation with the kosmotropic effect in contrast to the usual inorganic salts or hydrophobic salts like tetraalkylammonium halides .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 117]}, {"entity": "tetraalkylammonium halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical warfare agent and biological toxin - induced pulmonary toxicity : could stem cells provide potential therapies ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical warfare agents ( CWAs ) as well as biological toxins present a significant inhalation injury risk to both deployed warfighters and civilian targets of terrorist attacks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhalation of many CWAs and biological toxins can induce severe pulmonary toxicity leading to the development of acute lung injury ( ALI ) as well as acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The therapeutic options currently used to treat these conditions are very limited and mortality rates remain high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence suggests that human stem cells may provide significant therapeutic options for ALI and ARDS in the near future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The threat posed by CWAs and biological toxins for both civilian populations and military personnel is growing , thus understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and potential therapies is critical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will outline the pulmonary toxic effects of some of the most common CWAs and biological toxins as well as the potential role of stem cells in treating these types of toxic lung injuries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spiroketal formation and modification in avermectin biosynthesis involves a dual activity of AveC .", "entity": [{"entity": "avermectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avermectins ( AVEs ) , which are widely used for the treatment of agricultural parasitic diseases , belong to a family of 6 , 6 - spiroketal moiety - containing , macrolide natural products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Avermectins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "AVEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "macrolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AVE biosynthesis is known to employ a type I polyketide synthase ( PKS ) system to assemble the molecular skeleton for further functionalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "polyketide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains unknown how and when spiroketal formation proceeds , particularly regarding the role of AveC , a unique protein in the pathway that shares no sequence homology to any enzyme of known function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the unprecedented , dual function of AveC by correlating its activity with spiroketal formation and modification during the AVE biosynthetic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings in this study were supported by characterizing extremely unstable intermediates , products and their spontaneous derivative products from the simplified chemical profile and by comparative analysis of in vitro biotransformations and in vivo complementations mediated by AveC and MeiC ( the counterpart in biosynthesizing the naturally occurring , AVE - like meilingmycins ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 363]}, {"entity": "meilingmycins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [371, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AveC catalyzes the stereospecific spiroketalization of a dihydroxy - ketone polyketide intermediate and the optional dehydration to determine the regiospecific saturation characteristics of spiroketal diversity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydroxy - ketone polyketide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These reactions take place between the closures of the hexene ring and 16 - membered macrolide and the formation of the hexahydrobenzofuran unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "macrolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "hexahydrobenzofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MeiC can replace the spirocyclase activity of AveC , but it lacks the independent dehydratase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elucidation of the generality and specificity of AveC - type proteins allows for the rationalization of previously published results that were not completely understood , suggesting that enzyme - mediated spiroketal formation was initially underestimated , but is , in fact , widespread in nature for the control of stereoselectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuating Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Gene Regulation : A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus is tightly regulated by intricate networks of transcriptional regulators and two - component signal transduction systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is now an emerging body of evidence to suggest that the blockade of S . aureus virulence gene expression significantly attenuates infection in experimental models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this Perspective , we will provide insights into medicinal chemistry strategies for the development of chemical reagents that have the capacity to inhibit staphylococcal virulence expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These reagents can be broadly grouped into four categories : ( 1 ) competitive inhibitors of the accessory gene regulator ( agr ) quorum sensing system , ( 2 ) inhibitors of AgrA - DNA interactions , ( 3 ) RNAIII transcription inhibitors , and ( 4 ) inhibitors of the SarA family of transcriptional regulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the potential of specific examples of antivirulence agents for the management and treatment of staphylococcal infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of new cyclic plasmin inhibitors with excellent potency and selectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trypsin - like serine protease plasmin is a target for the development of antifibrinolytic drugs for use in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or organ transplantations to reduce excessive blood loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimization of our recently described substrate - analogue plasmin inhibitors , which were cyclized between their P3 and P2 side chains , provided a new series with improved efficacy and excellent selectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most potent inhibitor 8 binds to plasmin with an inhibition constant of 0 . 2 nM , whereas K ( i ) values > 1 mu M were determined for nearly all other tested trypsin - like serine proteases , with the exception of trypsin , which is also inhibited in the nanomolar range .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking studies revealed a potential binding mode in the widely open active site of plasmin that explains the strong potency and selectivity profile of these inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dialkylated piperazine - linker segment contributes to an excellent solubility of all analogues .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on their overall profile the presented inhibitors are well suited for further development as injectable antifibrinolytic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist with low lipophilicity and high oral bioavailability .", "entity": [{"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free fatty acid receptor 1 ( FFA1 , also known as GPR40 ) mediates enhancement of glucose - stimulated insulin secretion and is emerging as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several FFA1 agonists are known , but the majority of these suffer from high lipophilicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported the FFA1 agonist 3 ( TUG - 424 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TUG - 424", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We here describe the continued structure - activity exploration and optimization of this compound series , leading to the discovery of the more potent agonist 40 , a compound with low lipophilicity , excellent in vitro metabolic stability and permeability , complete oral bioavailability , and appreciable efficacy on glucose tolerance in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A safety study on single intravenous dose of tetrachloro - diphenyl glycoluril [ iodogen ] dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide ( DMSO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrachloro - diphenyl glycoluril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 78]}, {"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "dimethyl sulphoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 123]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodogen ( tetrachloro - diphenyl glycoluril ) dissolved in DMSO ( dimethyl sulphoxide ) appears indispensable in radioiodination of hypericin for a new anticancer strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "tetrachloro - diphenyl glycoluril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 43]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "dimethyl sulphoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "hypericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the safety of intravenously administered iodogen / DMSO in mice ( n = 132 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median lethal dose ( LD ( 50 ) ) of iodogen / DMSO was determined with doses of 40 . 0 , 50 . 0 , 55 . 0 , 60 . 0 , 65 . 0 and 70 . 0 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , toxicity of iodogen / DMSO at 30 . 0 mg / kg was evaluated using saline and DMSO as controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in behaviour , body weight and serum biochemistry were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathology of lungs , heart , liver and kidney was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LD ( 50 ) values of iodogen / DMSO were 59 . 5 mg / kg ( 95 % confidence limits ( CI ) : 54 . 1 - 65 . 4 mg / kg ) and 61 . 0 mg / kg ( 95 % CI : 56 . 2 - 66 . 2 mg / kg ) for female and male mice , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to that of control groups , no animal deaths were encountered after iodogen / DMSO administration at 30 . 0 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body weights over 24 h were not altered in all groups , but significantly higher in iodogen / DMSO and DMSO groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) 14 d post - injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase increased ( p < 0 . 05 ) in iodogen / DMSO group without clinical symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No pathologies were found by gross and microscopic inspection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single dose of iodogen / DMSO up to 30 . 0 mg / kg , over 3000 times the dose in potential human applications , appears safe , with an LD ( 50 ) doubling that dose in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "DMSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragment - based discovery of new highly substituted 1H - pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] - and 3H - imidazolo [ 4 , 5 - b ] - pyridines as focal adhesion kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H - pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] - and 3H - imidazolo [ 4 , 5 - b ] - pyridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) is considered as an attractive target for oncology , and small - molecule inhibitors are reported to be in clinical testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) - mediated fragment screening campaign , we discovered bicyclic scaffolds like 1H - pyrazolo [ 3 , 4 - d ] pyrimidines binding to the hinge region of FAK .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H - pyrazolo [ 3 , 4 - d ] pyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By an accelerated knowledge - based fragment growing approach , essential pharmacophores were added .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The establishment of highly substituted unprecedented 1H - pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine derivatizations provided compounds with submicromolar cellular FAK inhibition potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H - pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of substituents on the bicyclic templates and the nature of the core structure itself have a significant impact on the compounds FAK selectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural analysis revealed that the appropriately substituted pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine induced a rare helical DFG - loop conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - b ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovered synthetic route to introduce three different substituents independently paves the way for versatile applications of the 7 - azaindole core .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - azaindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melt granulation in fluidized bed : a comparative study of spray - on versus in situ procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters , binder content and binder addition method on characteristics of the granules obtained by melt granulation ( MG ) in fluidized bed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Spray - on experiments were performed according to 2 ( 3 ) full factorial design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of binder content , molten binder feed rate , and spray air pressure on granule size and size distribution , granule shape , fl owability and drug release rate was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the in situ experiments , the influence of binder particle size and binder content was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state characterization was performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry , X - ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Size of the granules obtained by spray - on procedure was significantly influenced by binder content and spray air pressure , while the width of particle size distribution was mainly affected by binder feed rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spray air pressure showed the most significant influence on granule shape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was shown that smooth and spherical particles with good flow properties may be obtained by both procedures , spray - on and in situ MG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained indicated the influence of agglomeration mechanism on granule sphericity , with higher degree of granule sphericity observed when immersion and layering was the dominant mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paracetamol release from granulates was very rapid , but after compression of the granules into tablets , drug release was considerably slower .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state analysis confirmed that the physical form of the granulate components remained unaffected after the MG process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : The results presented indicate that MG in fluidized bed could be a good alternative to conventional granulation techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of discrimination between oxidized and reduced coenzyme in the aldehyde dehydrogenase domain of Aldh1l1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aldh1l1 , also known as 10 - formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase ( FDH ) , contains the carboxy - terminal domain ( Ct - FDH ) , which is a structural and functional homolog of aldehyde dehydrogenases ( ALDHs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 - formyltetrahydrofolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 51]}, {"entity": "carboxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This domain is capable of catalyzing the NADP ( + ) - dependent oxidation of short chain aldehydes to their corresponding acids , and similar to most ALDHs it has two conserved catalytic residues , Cys707 and Glu673 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "Cys707", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 204]}, {"entity": "Glu673", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we demonstrated that in the Ct - FDH mechanism these residues define the conformation of the bound coenzyme and the affinity of its interaction with the protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , the replacement of Cys707 with an alanine resulted in the enzyme lacking the ability to differentiate between the oxidized and reduced coenzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys707", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggested that this was due to the loss of a covalent bond between the cysteine and the C4N atom of nicotinamide ring of NADP ( + ) formed during Ct - FDH catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain further insight into the functional significance of the covalent bond between Cys707 and the coenzyme , and the overall role of the two catalytic residues in the coenzyme binding and positioning , we have now solved crystal structures of Ct - FDH in the complex with thio - NADP ( + ) and the complexes of the C707S mutant with NADP ( + ) and NADPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys707", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "thio - NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 294]}, {"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 348]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [353, 358]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study has allowed us to trap the coenzyme in the contracted conformation , which provided a snapshot of the conformational processing of the coenzyme during the transition from oxidized to reduced form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the results of this study further support the previously proposed mechanism by which Cys707 helps to differentiate between the oxidized and reduced coenzyme during ALDH catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys707", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray structure of the V301L aldo - keto reductase 1B10 complexed with NADP ( + ) and the potent aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat : implications for inhibitor binding and selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only one crystal structure is currently available for tumor marker AKR1B10 , complexed with NADP ( + ) and tolrestat , which is an aldose reductase inhibitor ( ARI ) of the carboxylic acid type .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADP ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "tolrestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the X - ray structure of the complex of the V301L substituted AKR1B10 holoenzyme with fidarestat , an ARI of the cyclic imide type , was obtained at 1 . 60 A resolution by replacement soaking of crystals containing tolrestat .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "cyclic imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "tolrestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , fidarestat was found to be safe in phase III trials for diabetic neuropathy and , consistent with its low in vivo side effects , was highly selective for aldose reductase ( AR or AKR1B1 ) versus aldehyde reductase ( AKR1A1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , inhibition studies showed that fidarestat was indeed 1300 - fold more selective for AR as compared to AKR1B10 , while the change of Val to Leu ( found in AR ) caused a 20 - fold decrease in the IC50 value with fidarestat .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "Leu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural analysis of the V301L AKR1B10 - fidarestat complex displayed enzyme - inhibitor interactions similar to those of the AR - fidarestat complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a close inspection of both the new crystal structure and a computer model of the wild - type AKR1B10 complex with fidarestat revealed subtle changes that could affect fidarestat binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the crystal structure , a significant motion of loop A was observed between AR and V301L AKR1B10 , linked to a Phe - 122 / Phe - 123 side chain displacement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was due to the presence of the more voluminous Gln - 303 side chain ( Ser - 302 in AR ) and of a water molecule buried in a subpocket located at the base of flexible loop A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gln", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the wild - type AKR1B10 model , a short contact was predicted between the Val - 301 side chain and fidarestat , but would not be present in AR or in V301L AKR1B10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , these changes could contribute to the difference in inhibitory potency of fidarestat between AR and AKR1B10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fidarestat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential monovalent cation - binding sites in aldehyde dehydrogenases .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potassium ions are non - essential activators of several aldehyde dehydrogenases ( ALDHs ) , whereas a few others require the cation for activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two kinds of cation - binding sites , which we named intra - subunit and inter - subunit , have been observed in crystal structures of ALDHs , and based on reported crystallographic data , we here propose the existence of a third kind located in the central cavity of some tetrameric ALDHs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the high structural similarity between these enzymes , cation - binding sites may be present in many other members of this superfamily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the prevalence of these sites , we compared 37 known crystal structures from 13 different ALDH families and evaluated the possible existence of a cation on the basis of the number , distance and geometry of its potential interactions , as well as of B - factor values of modeled cations obtained in new refinements of some reported crystal structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , by performing multiple alignments of 855 non - redundant amino acid sequences , we assessed the degree of conservation in their respective families of the amino acid residues putatively relevant for cation binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the ALDH enzymes studied , and according to our analyses , potential intra - subunit cation - binding sites seem to be present in most members of ALDH2 , ALDH1L , ALDH4 , ALDH5 , ALDH7 , ALDH10 , and ALDH25 families , as well as in the bacterial and fungal members of the ALDH9 family and in a few ALDH1 , ALDH6 , ALDH11 and ALDH26 enzymes ; potential inter - subunit sites in members of ALDH1L , ALDH3 , ALDH4 from bacillales , ALDH5 , ALDH7 , ALDH9 , ALDH10 , ALDH11 and ALDH25 families ; and potential central - cavity sites only in some bacterial and animal ALDH9s and in most members of the ALDH1L family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation , we propose that these are potassium - binding sites , but the specific structural and / or functional roles of the cation bound to these different sites remain to be investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific surface area of titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ) particles influences cyto - and photo - toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to examine how different specific surface areas of similar - sized titanium dioxide ( TiO ( 2 ) ) particles could influence both cytotoxicity and phototoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TiO ( 2 ) particles of different specific surface areas were compared for their toxic effects on RAW264 . 7 cells in the absence and presence of UV light .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the results , TiO ( 2 ) particles with larger specific surface area were found to induce higher cyto - ( UV absent ) and photo - toxicity ( UV activated ) to cells after 24h incubation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed cytotoxicity from TiO ( 2 ) particles with larger surface area could be explained from their interactions with biomolecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon photoactivation , a larger number of hydroxyl radicals were detected from TiO ( 2 ) particles with larger surface area , again suggesting a surface area dependent phototoxic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , pre - adsorbing TiO ( 2 ) particles with extracellular proteins were found to decrease toxicity effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lack of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 activation by phthalate esters that enhance contact hypersensitivity in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the involvement of sensory neurons in skin sensitization to allergens using a mouse model in which the T - helper type 2 response is essential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin sensitization to fluorescein isothiocyanate ( FITC ) has been shown to be enhanced by several phthalate esters , including dibutyl phthalate ( DBP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "dibutyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 145]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For different types of phthalate esters , we found a correlation between the ability of transient receptor potential ( TRP ) A1 activation and that of enhancing skin sensitization .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A TRPA1 - specific antagonist , HC - 030031 , was shown to suppress skin sensitization in the presence of DBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "HC - 030031", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since phthalate esters also activate TRPV1 , phthalate esters could activate other types of TRP channels non - selectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , sensitization to FITC is also enhanced by menthol , which activates TRPA1 and TRPM8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "menthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we established an in vitro system for measuring TRPM8 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selectivity for TRPM8 was established by the fact that two TRPM8 agonists ( menthol and icilin ) induced calcium mobilization , whereas agonists of TRPA1 and TRPV1 did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "menthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "icilin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated that phthalate esters do not activate TRPM8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRPA1 - antagonist HC - 030031 did not inhibit TRPM8 activation induced by menthol or icilin .", "entity": [{"entity": "HC - 030031", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "menthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "icilin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that phthalate esters activate TRPA1 and TRPV1 with selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalate esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRPM8 activation is not likely to be involved in the sensitization to FITC .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genotoxicity of PEI - based nanoparticles is reduced by acetylation of polyethylenimine amines in human primary cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultrasmall size and unique properties of polymeric nanoparticles ( NPs ) have led to raising concerns about their potential cyto - and genotoxicity on biological systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyethylenimine ( PEI ) is a highly positive charged polymer and is known to have varying degree of toxic effect to cells based on its chemical structure ( i . e . , amount of primary and secondary amine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "primary and secondary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , drug delivery carriers such as PEI - PLGA nanoparticles ( PEI - NPs ) and acetylated PEI - PLGA nanoparticles ( AcPEI - NPs ) were utilized to examine the effect of acetylation on NPs biocompatibility and genotoxicity , using human primary cells as in vitro model .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "acetylated PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "AcPEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell uptake of NPs was characterized along with their effects on cellular viability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that both NPs showed an equivalent behavior in terms of uptake and biocompatibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In depth analysis of NP uptake on cell biology evidenced that these nanoparticles induced dose dependant genotoxic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon was significantly reduced by PEI acetylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocytosed PEI - NPs trigger an oxidative stress on cells by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , which cause DNA damage without apparently affecting cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the genotoxicity of nanoparticles , that could be used as non - viral drug carriers , should be evaluated based on the intracellular level of ROS generation and DNA damage even in absence of a significant cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene oxide for effective radionuclide removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show the efficacy of graphene oxide ( GO ) for rapid removal of some of the most toxic and radioactive long - lived human - made radionuclides from contaminated water , even from acidic solutions ( pH < 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of GO with actinides including Am ( III ) , Th ( IV ) , Pu ( IV ) , Np ( V ) , U ( VI ) and typical fission products Sr ( II ) , Eu ( III ) and Tc ( VII ) were studied , along with their sorption kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "actinides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "Am ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Th ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "Pu ( IV )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "Np ( V )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "U ( VI )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "Sr ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "Eu ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "Tc ( VII )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cation / GO coagulation occurs with the formation of nanoparticle aggregates of GO sheets , facilitating their removal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GO is far more effective in removal of transuranium elements from simulated nuclear waste solutions than other routinely used sorbents such as bentonite clays and activated carbon .", "entity": [{"entity": "transuranium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "bentonite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results point toward a simple methodology to mollify the severity of nuclear waste contamination , thereby leading to effective measures for environmental remediation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ebullition rates and mercury concentrations in St .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawrence river sediments and a benthic invertebrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ebullition , the release of gas from anaerobic decomposition in sediments , was recorded in a mercury - contaminated depositional zone ( Zone 1 ) of the St .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lawrence River Area of Concern in Cornwall , Ontario , Canada .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to test if this disturbance affected the bioavailability of total mercury ( THg ) and methylmercury ( MeHg ) in surficial sediments to a benthic invertebrate ( Echinogammarus ischnus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ebullition rates ranged from < 1 to 2 , 800 ml / m ( 2 ) daily , with methane gas comprising 29 to 84 % of the total .", "entity": [{"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No direct effects of ebullition were found on either abiotic ( sediment or pore water THg or MeHg concentrations ) or biotic ( amphipod THg or MeHg concentrations ) variables measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , amphipod MeHg concentrations were best predicted by pore water THg and MeHg concentrations , organic matter of surficial sediments , and water depth and location .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trend surface analyses demonstrated that a shallow , southwestern part of Zone 1 was most contaminated with pore water mercury , which decreased in a gradient toward the northeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further study is needed to determine if the amount of sediment resuspended by ebullition affects the spatial distribution of mercury .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation on the formation process of He @ C 6 0 synthesized by explosion .", "entity": [{"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "C 6 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The applications of endohedral non - metallic fullerenes are limited by their low production rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "fullerenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , an explosive method developed in our group shows promise to prepare He @ C 6 0 at fairly high yield , but the mechanism of He inserting into C 6 0 cage at explosive conditions was not clear .", "entity": [{"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "C 6 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "C 6 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , ab initio molecular dynamics analysis has been used to simulate the collision between C 6 0 molecules at high - temperature and high - pressure induced by explosion .", "entity": [{"entity": "C 6 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that defects formed on the fullerene cage by collidsion can effectively decrease the reaction barrier for the insertion of He into C 6 0 , and the self - healing capability of the defects was also observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "C 6 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic Methodology to Produce Polymeric Multilayered Particles for Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of multi - compartmented particles for biomedical and biotechnological applications is challenging and the existing methods usually involve wet and aggressive conditions that compromise the encapsulation efficiency of bioactive agents and the viability of cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces allow construction of concentric multilayered polymeric systems , adding sequential layers where molecules or cells may be separately confined in compartments with high efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cynomolgus monkey as a potential model to assess drug interactions involving hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides : in vitro , in vivo , and in vitro - to - in vivo extrapolation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion - transporting polypeptides ( OATP ) 1B1 , 1B3 , and 2B1 can serve as the loci of drug - drug interactions ( DDIs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , the cynomolgus monkey was evaluated as a potential model for studying OATP - mediated DDIs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three cynomolgus monkey OATPs ( cOATPs ) , with a high degree of amino acid sequence identity ( 91 . 9 , 93 . 5 , and 96 . 6 % for OATP1B1 , 1B3 , and 2B1 , respectively ) to their human counterparts , were cloned , expressed , and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cOATPs were stably transfected in human embryonic kidney cells and were functionally similar to the corresponding human OATPs ( hOATPs ) , as evident from the similar uptake rate of typical substrates ( estradiol - 17 beta - d - glucuronide , cholecystokinin octapeptide , and estrone - 3 - sulfate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol - 17 beta - d - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 244]}, {"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , six known hOATP inhibitors exhibited similar IC ( 50 ) values against cOATPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further evaluate the appropriateness of the cynomolgus monkey as a model , a known hOATP substrate [ rosuvastatin ( RSV ) ] - inhibitor [ rifampicin ( RIF ) ] pair was examined in vitro ; the monkey - derived parameters ( RSV K ( m ) and RIF IC ( 50 ) ) were similar ( within 3 . 5 - fold ) to those obtained with hOATPs and human primary hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "RSV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "RIF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "RSV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 228]}, {"entity": "RIF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , the area under the plasma concentration - time curve of RSV ( 3 mg / kg , oral ) given 1 hour after a single RIF dose ( 15 mg / kg , oral ) was increased 2 . 9 - fold in cynomolgus monkeys , consistent with the value ( 3 . 0 - fold ) reported in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "RSV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "RIF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of in vitro - in vivo extrapolation approaches , considering the fraction of the pathways affected and free versus total inhibitor concentrations , were also explored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the cynomolgus monkey has the potential to serve as a useful model for the assessment of OATP - mediated DDIs in a nonclinical setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pesticides in urban streams and early life stages of pacific coho salmon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pesticides are frequently detected in urban streams and are believed to be primarily the result of homeowner use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although concentrations in most cases are low ( < 1 micro g / L ) , there is concern that pesticide inputs threaten efforts to restore and enhance salmon habitat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors exposed early life stages of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to a pesticide mixture ( \" cocktail \" ) representative of those pesticides most frequently reported in urban streams in western Washington State , USA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life stages were continuously exposed to pulses of the cocktail simulating those in urban streams in fall and winter when coho salmon eggs and sac fry are present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nominal concentrations of eight herbicides , two insecticides , a fungicide , and a breakdown product were the maximum detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fertilization , hatching success , survival , deformities , and growth of fry were not significantly affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reduction in fertilization success ( 19 - 25 % ) was not reproducible even when gametes were exposed to 100 times the maximum concentrations detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the end points examined in the present study , the results suggest that direct exposure to the pesticides most frequently detected in urban streams in western Washington does not impair early life stages of coho salmon and is not a major factor governing the recovery of salmon populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent to which pesticide exposure would affect smoltification , outmigration , and ocean survival needs to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrol improves cardiomyopathy in dystrophin - deficient mice through SIRT1 protein - mediated modulation of p300 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that oral administration of resveratrol , which leads to activation of an NAD ( + ) - dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 , suppresses cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and restores cardiac diastolic function in dystrophin - deficient mdx mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "NAD ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pro - hypertrophic co - activator p300 protein but not p300 mRNA was up - regulated in the mdx heart , and resveratrol administration down - regulated the p300 protein level .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cultured cardiomyocytes , cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by the alpha ( 1 ) - agonist phenylephrine was inhibited by the overexpression of SIRT1 as well as resveratrol , both of which down - regulated p300 protein levels but not p300 mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , activation of atrial natriuretic peptide promoter by p300 was inhibited by SIRT1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that SIRT1 induced p300 down - regulation via the ubiquitin - proteasome pathway by deacetylation of lysine residues for ubiquitination .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate the pathological significance of p300 up - regulation in the dystrophic heart and indicate that SIRT1 activation has therapeutic potential for dystrophic cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of dendrimers by NMR relaxation : interpretation pitfalls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR is a powerful tool to study the dynamics of dendrimers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By analogy to linear polymers , shorter T ( 1 ) relaxation times have been traditionally associated to less mobile nuclei and hence , dendrimers described with reduced local motions at either the core or the periphery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report a NMR relaxation study [ ( 1 ) H and ( 13 ) C T ( 1 ) , T ( 2 ) ; ( 13 ) C { ( 1 ) H } NOE ; various fields and temperatures ] which reveals profound differences between the relaxation behavior of dendrimers and linear polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendrimers show slower dynamics at internal layers and on increasing generation and may display internal nuclei in the slow motional regime with larger T ( 1 ) values than the periphery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the relaxation properties of linear polymers , these T ( 1 ) increments should not be interpreted as resulting from faster dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only the recording of T ( 1 ) data at various temperatures ( alternatively , T ( 2 ) or NOE at one temperature ) ensures the correct interpretation of dendrimer dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All - trans retinoic acid protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells against serum - starvation - induced cell death by upregulating collagen 8A2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "All - trans retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a therapeutic or chemopreventative agent for various cancers , all - trans retinoic acid ( atRA ) has been reported to inhibit growth , induce apoptosis or cause differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "all - trans retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 91]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that atRA could protect hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) cells against cell death induced by serum starvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it was found that atRA could enhance cell adhesion , but had no effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using an Illumina Human HT - 12 v4 expression microarray , 207 upregulated and 173 downregulated genes were identified in HepG2 cells treated with atRA .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most upregulated genes are cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 ( CYP26A1 ) , histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 3 ( HINT3 ) , miR - 1282 and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B polypeptide 1 ( CYP26B1 ) , which showed more than fivefold greater expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using Gene Ontology analysis , the greatest significance was found in extracellular - matrix - related molecular functions and the cellular component in upregulated genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The upregulation of collagen 8A2 ( COL8A2 ) was further confirmed using quantitative RT - PCR and western blotting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of COL8A2 blocked enhancement in the early stage of cell adhesion by atRA treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Re - expression of COL8A2 in COL8A2 - knocked - down HCC cells reversed the effect of small interfering RNA - COL8A2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , COL8A2 could increase HCC cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , COL8A2 was identified as the key protein involved in the enhancement of cell adhesion of atRA under serum - free conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , atRA protects HCC cells against serum - starvation - induced cell death by enhancing cell adhesion , and COL8A2 plays an important role in HCC cell migration and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic leptin increases the electrical activity of supraoptic nucleus oxytocin neurones in virgin and late pregnant rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the rat hypothalamus , fasting attenuates the expression of oxytocin and this can be reversed by exogenous leptin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated the effects of systemically administered leptin on the electrical activity of magnocellular neurones in the supraoptic nucleus of urethane - anaesthetised rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "urethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In virgin female rats , systemic leptin significantly excited identified oxytocin neurones with no detected effects on the patterning of activity , as reflected by hazard function analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest dose that was consistently effective was 100 mu g / i . v . , and this dose had no significant effect on vasopressin neurones .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In virgin rats fasted overnight , the spontaneous firing rate of oxytocin neurones was significantly lower than in unfasted rats , although leptin had a similar excitatory effect as in unfasted rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In late pregnant rats ( days 19 - 21 of pregnancy ) , spontaneous firing rates of oxytocin neurones were higher than in virgins , and the initial response to leptin was similar to that in virgin rats , although the increase in activity was more persistent .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fasted pregnant rats , the mean spontaneous firing rate of oxytocin neurones was again lower than in unfasted rats , although leptin had no significant effect even at the higher dose of 1 mg / rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , fasting reduced the spontaneous firing rates of oxytocin neurones in nonpregnant rats , and this effect could be reversed by the excitatory effects of leptin .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant rats showed some evidence of leptin resistance but only after an overnight fast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of potent inhibitor of apoptosis ( IAP ) proteins antagonists bearing an octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine scaffold as a novel proline mimetic .", "entity": [{"entity": "octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 133]}, {"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To develop novel inhibitor of apoptosis ( IAP ) proteins antagonists , we designed a bicyclic octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine scaffold as a novel proline bioisostere .", "entity": [{"entity": "bicyclic octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 133]}, {"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This design was based on the X - ray co - crystal structure of four N - terminal amino acid residues ( AVPI ) of the second mitochondria - derived activator of caspase ( Smac ) with the X - chromosome - linked IAP ( XIAP ) protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead optimization of this scaffold to improve oral absorption yielded compound 45 , which showed potent cellular IAP1 ( cIAP1 IC ( 50 ) : 1 . 3 nM ) and XIAP ( IC ( 50 ) : 200 nM ) inhibitory activity , in addition to potent tumor growth inhibitory activity ( GI ( 50 ) : 1 . 8 nM ) in MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray crystallographic analysis of compound 45 bound to XIAP and to cIAP1 was achieved , revealing the various key interactions that contribute to the higher cIAPI affinity of compound 45 over XIAP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of its potent IAP inhibitory activities , compound 45 ( T - 3256336 ) caused tumor regression in a MDA - MB - 231 tumor xenograft model ( T / C : - 53 % at 30 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 3256336", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smart mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles for the DNAzyme - induced multiplexed release of substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluorescent dyes methylene blue , MB ( + ) , and thionine , Th ( + ) , can be trapped in the pores of mesoporous silica , MP - SiO ( 2 ) , by means of functional nanostructures consisting of the Mg ( 2 + ) - or Zn ( 2 + ) - dependent DNAzyme sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "thionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "SiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 209]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of Mg ( 2 + ) or Zn ( 2 + ) ions the respective DNAzymes are activated , leading to the specific cleavage of the respective caps , and the selective release of MB ( + ) or Th ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enlargement of the conserved loop domains of the Mg ( 2 + ) - or Zn ( 2 + ) - dependent DNAzyme sequences with foreign nucleotides prohibits the formation of active DNAzymes and eliminates the release of the respective dyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is due to the flexibility of the loops that lacks affinity for the association of the ions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The insertion of aptamer sequences ( e . g . , the adenosine - 5 ' - triphosphate ( ATP ) aptamer ) or ion - binding sequences ( e . g . , T - rich Hg ( 2 + ) ion - binding domains ) as foreign components to the loop regions allows the formation of active Mg ( 2 + ) - or Zn ( 2 + ) - dependent DNAzyme structures through the cooperative formation of aptamer - ATP complexes or T - Hg ( 2 + ) - T bridges .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine - 5 ' - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 81]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 266]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 282]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 364]}, {"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [382, 392]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aptamer - substrate complexes or T - Hg ( 2 + ) - T bridges allosterically stabilize and activate the DNAzymes , thus allowing the selective release of the fluorescent substrates MB ( + ) or Th ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metal ion - driven DNAzyme release of substrates from the pores of MP - SiO ( 2 ) , and particularly the allosteric activation of the DNAzymes through cooperative aptamer - substrate complexes or metal - ion bridges , has important future nanomedical implications for targeted release of drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is demonstrated with the triggered release of the anticancer drug , doxorubicin , by the Mg ( 2 + ) - DNAzyme - locked pores or by the aptamer - ATP complex - triggered activation of the Mg ( 2 + ) - dependent DNAzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymeric \" smart \" coatings to prevent foreign body response to implantable biosensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of implantable glucose biosensors for \" real - time \" monitoring is reliant on controlling the negative tissue reaction at the sensor tissue interphase .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel polymer coating consisting of poly ( lactic - co - glycolic ) acid ( PLGA ) microsphere dispersed in poly ( vinyl alcohol ) ( PVA ) hydrogels was evaluated in combination with dummy sensors as a \" smart \" drug eluting biocompatible coating for implantable biosensors to prevent the foreign body response , and thus enhance sensor performance in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( lactic - co - glycolic ) acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 74]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polymeric microspheres slowly release tissue - modifying drugs at the implantation sites to control the inflammation and fibrous encapsulation , while the hydrogel allows rapid analyte diffusion to the sensing elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dummy sensors with identical dimensions to that of the functional glucose sensors ( 0 . 5 x 0 . 5 x 5mm ) were coated with the PLGA / PVA composites using a mold fabrication process .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both normal and diabetic rats were used in the current study to investigate the effect of the diabetic state on tissue sensor interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was evident that the PLGA / PVA hydrogel composite was able to form a uniform coating around the dummy sensor and stayed intact throughout the course of the study ( one month ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue samples containing dummy sensors that were coated with dexamethasone free composites exhibited acute and chronic inflammation as well as fibrous encapsulation in both normal and diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the diabetic rats exhibited decreased intensity and delayed onset of the foreign body response following implantation of drug free dummy sensors in comparison to those of normal rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , tissues containing dummy sensors that were coated with dexamethasone containing composites remained normal ( i . e . similar to untreated tissues ) , with no inflammatory reaction or fibrous encapsulation occurring over the one - month period in both the normal and diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feasibility of utilizing PLGA microsphere / PVA hydrogel composites as coatings for implantable biosensors was demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This polymeric composite is an innovative approach to control the foreign body reaction at the tissue - device interface to prolong biosensor lifetime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Facile sonochemical synthesis of novel pyrazolyne derivates at ambient conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazolyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Claisen - Schmidt condensation reaction of 4 - acetamidoacetophenone with aromatic aldehydes under ultrasonic irradiation affords acetylaminochalcones ( yields : 71 - 90 % ) which also under ultrasonic irradiation and in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic acid aqueous undergo facile and clean cyclocondensation with hydrazine to afford 3 - ( 4 - acetamidophenyl ) - 5 - ( aryl ) - 1 - H - pyrazolines .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - acetamidoacetophenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "aromatic aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 92]}, {"entity": "acetylaminochalcones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 150]}, {"entity": "sodium acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 251]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 267]}, {"entity": "hydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 333]}, {"entity": "3 - ( 4 - acetamidophenyl ) - 5 - ( aryl ) - 1 - H - pyrazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 408]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pyrazolines were obtained in good to excellent yields ( 81 - 89 % ) , and were characterized by conventional spectral data .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work - up is simple and the results obtained indicate that , unlike classical heating , ultrasonic irradiation results in higher yields , shorter reaction times ( 1 . 5 - 2 . 3 h ) and milder conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of hedgehog inhibitor TAK - 441 for the inhibition of Gli1 messenger RNA expression and antitumor efficacy in xenografted tumor model mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - Ethyl - N - [ 1 - ( hydroxyacetyl ) piperidin - 4 - yl ] - 1 - methyl - 4 - oxo - 5 - ( 2 - oxo - 2 - phenylethyl ) - 3 - ( 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy ) - 4 , 5 - dihydro - 1H - pyrrolo [ 3 , 2 - c ] pyridine - 2 - carboxamide ( TAK - 441 ) is a potent , selective hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor that binds to Smo and is being developed for the treatment of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - Ethyl - N - [ 1 - ( hydroxyacetyl ) piperidin - 4 - yl ] - 1 - methyl - 4 - oxo - 5 - ( 2 - oxo - 2 - phenylethyl ) - 3 - ( 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy ) - 4 , 5 - dihydro - 1H - pyrrolo [ 3 , 2 - c ] pyridine - 2 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 231]}, {"entity": "TAK - 441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objectives of these studies were to explore the possibility of establishing of a link between the pharmacokinetics of TAK - 441 and the responses of Gli1 mRNA in tumor - associated stromal or skin cells and the antitumor effect of hedgehog inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , we built pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models that describe the relationship of the concentrations of TAK - 441 plasma to the responses of Gli1 mRNA in the tumor ( target ) and skin ( surrogate ) and to tumor growth inhibition in mice bearing xenografts of human pancreatic tumors ( PAN - 04 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The responses of Gli1 mRNA and tumor growth were described by an indirect response model and an exponential tumor growth model , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC50 values for Gli1 mRNA inhibition in the tumor and skin by TAK - 441 were estimated to be 0 . 0457 and 0 . 113 mu g / ml , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAK - 441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC90 value for tumor growth inhibition was estimated to be 0 . 68 mu g / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that a > 83 % inhibition of Gli1 mRNA expression in the skin or a > 94 % inhibition of Gli1 mRNA expression in the tumor would be required to sufficiently inhibit ( > 90 % ) hedgehog - related tumor growth in the xenografted model mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that Gli1 mRNA expression in the tumor and skin could be a useful biomarker for predicting the antitumor effect of hedgehog inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternative splicing in the aldo - keto reductase superfamily : implications for protein nomenclature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aldo - keto reductase superfamily contains 173 proteins which are present in all phyla .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of the human and mouse genomes has identified that in some instances a single AKR gene can give rise to alternatively spliced mRNA variants which in some cases can give rise to more than one protein isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is currently well documented in the AKR6A subfamily which contains the beta - subunits of the voltage - gated potassium ion channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the emergence of second generation sequencing it is likely that the occurrence of transcript variants and protein isoforms from a single AKR gene may become common place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To deal with this issue we recommend that the Ensembl data - base nomenclature be used to annotate the transcript variants from a single AKR gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since multiple transcript variants could give rise to either the same or multiple protein isoforms from the same AKR gene we also propose to expand the nomenclature of the AKR protein superfamily , so that when a protein isoform is shown to be expressed and is functional it would be assigned the standard AKR name followed by a \" period or full - stop \" and a number for that unique isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numbers will be assigned chronologically and linked to the respective transcripts annotated in Ensembl e . g . AKR6A5 . 1 ( Kv beta 2 . 1 ) ( AKR6A5 - 001 , - 006 and - 201 ) , followed by AKR6A5 . 2 ( Kv beta 2 . 2 ) ( AKR6A5 - 002 , - 202 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This nomenclature is expandable and it enables multiple protein isoforms to be assigned to their respective transcripts when they arise from the same AKR gene or for a single protein isoform to be assigned to multiple transcripts when the transcripts encode the same AKR protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid versus N - acetylcysteine on ifosfamide - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ifosfamide ( IFO ) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating a variety of pediatric solid tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its use is limited due to its serious side effect on kidneys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The side - chain oxidation of IFO in renal tubular cells produces a reactive toxic metabolite that is believed to be responsible for its nephrotoxic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , this study was carried out to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms that may be involved in IFO - induced nephrotoxicity , including free radical generation and the possible role of alpha lipoic acid ( ALA ) versus N - acetylcysteine ( NAC ) in protection against this toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "alpha lipoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 220]}, {"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 254]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline , IFO ( 50 mg / kg daily for 5 days ) , IFO + ALA ( 100 mg / kg daily for 8 days ) and IFO + NAC ( 200 mg / kg daily for 8 days ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kidney malondialdehyde , nitric oxide and glutathione contents and serum biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both ALA and NAC markedly reduced the severity of renal dysfunction induced by IFO .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAC was more nephroprotective than ALA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that oxidative stress is possibly involved in the IFO - induced nephrotoxicity in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study also suggests the potential therapeutic role for ALA and NAC against IFO - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidative , antiapoptotic , and proliferative effect of curcumin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of curcumin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy ( PH ) in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups : sham - operated ( SH ) , PH , and PH + curcumin ; each group contains eight animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats in curcumin - treated groups were given curcumin ( in a dose of 100 mg / kg body weight ) once a day orally for 7 days , starting 3 days prior to hepatectomy operation .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 7 days after resection , liver samples were collected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and glutathione ( GSH ) levels were estimated in liver homogenates .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , histopathological examination , mitotic index ( MI ) , proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling , proliferation index ( PI ) , transferase - mediated 2 ' - deoxyuridine , 5 ' - triphosphate nick end - labeling assay , and apoptotic index ( AI ) were evaluated at 7 days after hepatectomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - deoxyuridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 182]}, {"entity": "5 ' - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , curcumin significantly increased MI and PI and significantly decreased AI in PH rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , curcumin remarkably inhibited MDA elevation , restored impaired antioxidant SOD activity and GSH level and also attenuated hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoidal congestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that curcumin treatment had a beneficial effect on liver regenerative capacity of the remnant liver tissue after hepatectomy , probably due to its antioxidative , antiapoptotic , and proliferative properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - based redesign of proteins for minimal T - cell epitope content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein universe displays a wealth of therapeutically relevant activities , but T - cell driven immune responses to non - \" self \" biological agents present a major impediment to harnessing the full diversity of these molecular functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutagenic T - cell epitope deletion seeks to mitigate the immune response , but can typically address only a small number of epitopes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we pursue a \" bottom - up \" approach that redesigns an entire protein to remain native - like but contain few if any immunogenic epitopes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We do so by extending the Rosetta flexible - backbone protein design software with an epitope scoring mechanism and appropriate constraints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method is benchmarked with a diverse panel of proteins and applied to three targets of therapeutic interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the deimmunized designs indeed have minimal predicted epitope content and are native - like in terms of various quality measures , and moreover that they display levels of native sequence recovery comparable to those of non - deimmunized designs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - range corrected functionals satisfy Koopmans ' theorem : calculation of correlation and relaxation energies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we show that the long - range - corrected ( LC ) density functionals LC - BOP and LCgau - BOP reproduce frontier orbital energies and highest - occupied molecular orbital ( HOMO ) - lowest - unoccupied molecular orbital ( LUMO ) gaps better than other density functionals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The negative of HOMO and LUMO energies are compared with the vertical ionization potentials ( IPs ) and electron affinities , respectively , using CCSD ( T ) / 6 - 311 + + G ( 3df , 3pd ) for 113 molecules , and we found LC functionals to satisfy Koopmans ' theorem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also report that the frontier orbital energies and the HOMO - LUMO gaps of LC - BOP and LCgau - BOP are better than those of recently proposed omega M05 - D ( Lin et al . , J . Chem . Phys . 2012 , 136 , 154109 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We express the exact IP in terms of orbital relaxation , and correlation energies and hence calculate the relaxation and correlation energies for the same set of molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the LC functionals , in general , includes more relaxation effect than Hartree - Fock and more correlation effect than the other density functionals without LC scheme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we scan mu parameter in LC scheme from 0 . 1 to 0 . 6 bohr ( - 1 ) for the above test set molecules with LC - BOP functional and found our parameter value , 0 . 47 bohr ( - 1 ) , is usefully applicable to our tested systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous determination and characterization of tannins and triterpene saponins from the fruits of various species of Terminalia and Phyllantus emblica using a UHPLC - UV - MS method : application to triphala .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terminalia species are a rich source of tannins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many preparations of these species are used in traditional medicine and have many different ethnobotanical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple UHPLC method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of such hydrolysable tannins and triterpene saponins from the fruit rinds of different species of Terminalia ( T . chebula , T . arjuna , T . bellirica ) and Phyllantus emblica .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A separation by LC was achieved using a reversed - phase column and a water / acetonitrile mobile phase , both containing formic acid , using a gradient system and a temperature of 40 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "formic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight hydrolysable tannins ( gallic acid , gallic acid methyl ester , corilagin , chebulagic acid , 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetra - O - galloyl - beta - D - glucose , ellagic acid , chebulinic acid , and 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - penta - O - galloyl - beta - D - glucose ) and six triterpene saponins ( arjunglucoside - I , arjunglucoside - III , chebuloside II , bellericoside , arjunetin , and arjunglucoside - II ) could be separated within 20 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "gallic acid methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 67]}, {"entity": "corilagin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "chebulagic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetra - O - galloyl - beta - D - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 156]}, {"entity": "ellagic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 171]}, {"entity": "chebulinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 189]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 - penta - O - galloyl - beta - D - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 256]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 286]}, {"entity": "arjunglucoside - I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 307]}, {"entity": "arjunglucoside - III", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 330]}, {"entity": "chebuloside II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [333, 347]}, {"entity": "bellericoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 363]}, {"entity": "arjunetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [366, 375]}, {"entity": "arjunglucoside - II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [382, 401]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The wavelength used for detection with the diode array detector was 254 and 275 nm for tannins and 205 nm for triterpene saponins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was validated for linearity , repeatability , limits of detection , and limits of quantification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The developed method is economical , fast , and especially suitable for quality control analysis of tannins and triterpene saponins in various plant samples and commercial products of Terminalia .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "triterpene saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis ) during pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal intake of licorice from dietary sources has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prospectively studied the outcome of 185 singleton pregnancies who took over - the - counter or naturopathic formulations containing licorice during their pregnancy , and 370 age - matched singleton pregnant controls that were not exposed to any potential teratogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The indication in 56 . 8 % of the women taking licorice was for cough and cold control , with the maximum dose of 2104 mg / day and exposure occurring between the 4th day and 25th week of gestation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of stillbirths was marginally higher among women who took licorice than those who did not ( OR = 7 . 9 ; 95 % CI 0 . 9 - 71 . 5 ; p = 0 . 048 ) , and significantly higher when compared to the general population in the Republic of Korea ( OR = 13 . 3 ; 95 % CI 4 . 9 - 35 . 8 ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other fetal outcomes assessed in the study were similar between the two study groups , e . g . , the OR of major malformations was 3 . 9 ( 95 % CI 0 . 4 - 43 . 5 ; p = 0 . 27 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the present study suggests that licorice is not a major teratogen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether licorice may increase the risk of stillbirths requires careful consideration in further studies with a larger sample size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies against Yariv ' s reagent for immunolocalization of arabinogalactan - proteins in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arabinogalactan - proteins are glycoproteins that occur in higher plants and are involved in important processes like cell differentiation and plant growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the medicinal plant Echinacea purpurea L . , they belong to the putative immunomodulating compounds and are structurally well characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For microscopic localization of arabinogalactan - proteins , synthetic ( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside that specifically binds to most plant arabinogalactan - proteins was used to label arabinogalactan - proteins in fresh cut sections of stems and petioles of Echinacea purpurea .", "entity": [{"entity": "( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyclonal antibodies against ( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside were used to detect the arabinogalactan - protein - ( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 72]}, {"entity": "( beta - D - Glc ) 3 Yariv phenylglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After addition of fluorescein isothiocyanate - conjugated secondary antibodies , the sections were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arabinogalactan - proteins are localized mainly in the central cylinder in the collateral vascular bundles , especially in the area of the xylem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cell walls of fully differentiated vessels and tracheids , arabinogalactan - proteins have been detected mainly at the inner area of the wall close to the cell lumina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intense labeling occurs around pit canals connecting adjacent vessels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , arabinogalactan - proteins are present in the lumina of cells of the sclerenchyma caps and in companion cells of the phloem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro model of human acute ethanol exposure that incorporates CXCR3 - and CXCR4 - dependent recruitment of immune cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) is one of the commonest causes of cirrhosis and liver failure in the developed world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic inflammation is the critical stage in progression of both ALD and non - ALD , but it remains difficult to study the underlying mechanisms in a human system , and current animal models do not fully recapitulate human liver disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed a human tissue - based system to study lymphocyte recruitment in response to ethanol challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision - cut liver slices ( PCLS ) from human livers were incubated in culture , and hepatic function was determined by albumin production , 3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethylthiazol ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay , glucose uptake responses , and morphometric assessment .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethylthiazol ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 214]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Responses of tissue and lymphocytes to ethanol exposure were determined by PCR , flow cytometry , histology , and lymphocyte infiltration assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human PCLS demonstrated appropriate upregulation of CYP2E1 , ADH1 alpha , and ADH3 in response to ethanol treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol also induced expression of endothelial VCAM - 1 and ICAM - 1 , production of sICAM - 1 and CXCL8 , and the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 on CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CXCR3 - and CXCR4 - dependent migration of lymphocytes into the tissue increased significantly in response to treatment with ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have demonstrated that ethanol increases chemokine receptor expression and lymphocyte recruitment into human liver tissue , suggesting that it may operate directly to promote hepatitis in ALD .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physiological and pathophysiological responses of the PCLS to ethanol in vitro highlight the potential of this assay for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying human liver inflammation and as a screening tool for novel therapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of propofol binding sites in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with a photoreactive propofol analog .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propofol , a widely used intravenous general anesthetic , acts at anesthetic concentrations as a positive allosteric modulator of gamma - aminobutyric acid type A receptors and at higher concentration as an inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 155]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we characterize propofol binding sites in a muscle - type nAChR by use of a photoreactive analog of propofol , 2 - isopropyl - 5 - [ 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) - 3H - diazirin - 3 - yl ] phenol ( AziPm ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "2 - isopropyl - 5 - [ 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) - 3H - diazirin - 3 - yl ] phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 197]}, {"entity": "AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon radioligand binding assays , AziPm stabilized the Torpedo nAChR in the resting state , whereas propofol stabilized the desensitized state .", "entity": [{"entity": "AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "nAChR - rich membranes were photolabeled with [ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm , and labeled amino acids were identified by Edman degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm binds at three sites within the nAChR transmembrane domain : ( i ) an intrasubunit site in the delta subunit helix bundle , photolabeling in the nAChR desensitized state ( + agonist ) delta M2 - 18 ' and two residues in delta M1 ( delta Phe - 232 and delta Cys - 236 ) ; ( ii ) in the ion channel , photolabeling in the nAChR resting , closed channel state ( - agonist ) amino acids in the M2 helices ( alpha M2 - 6 ' , beta M2 - 6 ' and - 13 ' , and delta M2 - 13 ' ) that line the channel lumen ( with photolabeling reduced by > 90 % in the desensitized state ) ; and ( iii ) at the gamma - alpha interface , photolabeling alpha M2 - 10 ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "delta Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 258]}, {"entity": "delta Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 278]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [389, 400]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propofol enhanced [ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm photolabeling at alpha M2 - 10 ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propofol inhibited [ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm photolabeling within the delta subunit helix bundle at lower concentrations ( IC50 = 40 mu m ) than it inhibited ion channel photolabeling ( IC50 = 125 mu m ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] AziPm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results identify for the first time a single intrasubunit propofol binding site in the nAChR transmembrane domain and suggest that this is the functionally relevant inhibitory binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BSTA promotes mTORC2 - mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 to suppress expression of FoxC2 and stimulate adipocyte differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation and activation of Akt1 is a crucial signaling event that promotes adipogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , neither the complex multistep process that leads to activation of Akt1 through phosphorylation at Thr (3) 0 8 and Ser 4 7 (3) nor the mechanism by which Akt1 stimulates adipogenesis is fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the BSD domain - containing signal transducer and Akt interactor ( BSTA ) promoted phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser 4 7 (3) in various human and murine cells , and we uncovered a function for the BSD domain in BSTA - Akt1 complex formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) facilitated the phosphorylation of BSTA and its association with Akt1 , and the BSTA - Akt1 interaction promoted the association of mTORC2 with Akt1 and phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser 4 7 (3) in response to growth factor stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , analyses of bsta gene - trap murine embryonic stem cells revealed an essential function for BSTA and phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser 4 7 (3) in promoting adipocyte differentiation , which required suppression of the expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor FoxC2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that BSTA is a molecular switch that promotes phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser 4 7 (3) and reveal an mTORC2 - BSTA - Akt1 - FoxC2 - mediated signaling mechanism that is critical for adipocyte differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid grafted chitosan for high performance gene delivery : comparison of amino acid hydrophobicity on vector and polyplex characteristics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To develop a safe , effective , and biocompatible gene delivery vector , a series of hydrophobic amino acid grafted chitosan ( AGC ) derivatives were synthesized by carbodiimide mediated coupling reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "carbodiimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical characterization of AGC polymers was performed by NMR and elemental analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGC polymers demonstrated excellent blood compatibility and cell viability , as evaluated by hemolysis and MTT assay , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGC polymers could effectively bind and condense plasmid DNA ( pDNA ) to form polyplexes in the size range of 161 - 263 nm and possessed net cationic charge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant polyplex showed 3 . 4 - 5 . 4 - fold greater cellular uptake and 13 - 30 - fold higher transfection efficiency in HEK 293 cells as compared to unmodified chitosan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , both cellular uptake and transfection efficiency improved with the increasing amino acid hydrophobicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrophobic amino acid substitution contributed to the enhance pDNA release at cytosolic pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate AGC polymers as a promising novel nonviral gene delivery vector .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved self - healing of polyethylene / carbon black nanocomposites by their shape memory effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "carbon black", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the improved self - healing of cross - linked polyethylene ( PE ) ( cPE ) / carbon black ( CB ) nanocomposites by their shape memory effect ( SME ) is investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "carbon black", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CB nanoparticles are found to be homogeneously dispersed in the PE matrix and significantly increase the strength of the materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the breaking of linear PE ( lPE ) at the melting temperature ( T ( m ) ) , the cPE and cPE / CB nanocomposites still have high strength above T ( m ) due to the formation of networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cPE and cPE / CB nanocomposites show both high strain fixity ratio ( R ( f ) ) and high strain recovery ratio ( R ( r ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystallization - induced elongation is observed for all the prepared shape memory polymer ( SMP ) materials and the effect becomes less remarkable with increasing volume fraction of CB nanoparticles ( v ( CB ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The scratch self - healing tests show that the cross - linking of PE matrix , the addition of CB nanoparticles , and the previous stretching in the direction perpendicular to the scratch favor the closure of the scratch and its complete healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This SME - aided self - healing could have potential applications in diverse fields such as coating and structure materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formulation study of a patch containing propranolol by design of experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Objective : To evaluate the feasibility of a transdermal patch containing propranolol ( PR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Method : Skin penetration enhancers ( SPEs ) able to improve the skin permeability of PR were selected and a quality by design approach was applied to the development of the patch by a 2 ( 4 ) full factorial design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The permeation profile of PR from the formulations was assessed in in vitro permeation studies performed by using Franz diffusion cells and human epidermis as membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , skin irritation was evaluated by the Draize test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : N - methyl pyrrolidone ( NMP ) resulted as the best SPE : in addition , the critical factors influencing the PR diffusion through the human epidermis when loaded in the patch resulted in the matrix thickness ( X ( 1 ) , p = 0 . 0957 ) and PR content ( X ( 3 ) , p = 0 . 0004 ) which improved the flux ; conversely , NMP lacked its enhancement effect when loaded in the patch and the increase in its concentration ( X ( 4 ) , p = 0 . 006 ) affected the drug permeation through human epidermis .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl pyrrolidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 32]}, {"entity": "NMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "NMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flux of optimal formulation was 12 . 7 mu g / cm ( 2 ) / h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the steady - state concentration and clearance of PR , the estimated patch surface was 100 - 120 cm ( 2 ) , since the activity of PR is related to its Senantiomer and no in vivo bioconversion occurs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : A patch containing ( S ) - PR was prepared and the ( S ) - PR flux ( 13 . 3 mu g / cm ( 2 ) / h ) permitted to confirm the suitability of a transdermal administration of PR .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "( S ) - PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the use of a 50 mu m thick methacrylic matrix containing 8 % ( S ) - PR and 15 % NMP can allow to develop a patch non - irritating to the skin , in order to ensure a constant permeation flux of PR over 48 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "methacrylic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "( S ) - PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "NMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoscale Dynamics and Protein Adhesivity of Alkylamine Self - Assembled Monolayers on Graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alkylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atomic - scale molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to probe the structure , dynamics , and energetics of alkylamine self - assembled monolayer ( SAM ) films on graphene and to model the formation of molecular bilayers and protein complexes on the films .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Routes toward the development and exploitation of functionalized graphene structures are detailed here , and we show that the SAM architecture can be tailored for use in emerging applications ( e . g . , electrically stimulated nerve fiber growth via the targeted binding of specific cell surface peptide sequences on the functionalized graphene scaffold ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [337, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulations quantify the changes in film physisorption on graphene and the alkyl chain packing efficiency as the film surface is made more polar by changing the terminal groups from methyl ( - CH ( 3 ) ) to amine ( - NH ( 2 ) ) to hydroxyl ( - OH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "CH ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 216]}, {"entity": "NH ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 229]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 243]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mode of molecule packing dictates the orientation and spacing between terminal groups on the surface of the SAM , which determines the way in which successive layers build up on the surface , whether via the formation of bilayers of the molecule or the immobilization of other ( macro ) molecules ( e . g . , proteins ) on the SAM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulations show the formation of ordered , stable assemblies of monolayers and bilayers of decylamine - based molecules on graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "decylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These films can serve as protein adsorption platforms , with a hydrophobin protein showing strong and selective adsorption by binding via its hydrophobic patch to methyl - terminated films and binding to amine - terminated films using its more hydrophilic surface regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 169]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design rules obtained from modeling the atomic - scale structure of the films and interfaces may provide input into experiments for the rational design of assemblies in which the electronic , physicochemical , and mechanical properties of the substrate , film , and protein layer can be tuned to provide the desired functionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inelastic X - ray scattering studies of the short - time collective vibrational motions in hydrated lysozyme powders and their possible relation to enzymatic function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - resolution inelastic X - ray scattering was used to investigate the collective vibrational excitations in hydrated lysozyme powders as a function of hydration level and temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the samples with strong enzymatic function are \" soft \" , in the sense that they exhibit low frequency and large amplitude intraprotein collective vibrational motions on certain length scales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is not the case for samples with weak or no enzymatic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we identify a possible correlation between the short - time intraprotein collective vibrational motions and the establishment of enzymatic function in hydrated lysozyme powders , and bring new insight to notions of protein \" conformational flexibility \" and \" softness \" in terms of these motions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro evaluation of ( 99m ) Tc - EDDA / tricine - HYNIC - Q - Litorin in gastrin - releasing peptide receptor positive tumor cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - EDDA / tricine - HYNIC - Q - Litorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Bombesin and its derivatives exhibit a high affinity for gastrin - releasing peptide receptor ( GRPr ) , which is over - expressed in a variety of human cancers ( prostate , pancreatic , lung , etc . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bombesin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro potential of the hydrazinonicotinamide ( HYNIC ) - Q - Litorin .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrazinonicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "HYNIC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "Litorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 99m ) Tc labeling was performed by using different co - ligands : tricine and ethylenediamine diacetic acid ( EDDA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "tricine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "ethylenediamine diacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 109]}, {"entity": "EDDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The radiochemical stability of radiolabeled peptide conjugates was checked at room temperature and in cysteine solution up to 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro cell uptake of ( 99m ) Tc - EDDA - HYNIC - Q - Litorin and ( 99m ) Tc - tricine - HYNIC - Q - Litorin were evaluated on pancreatic tumor and control cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - EDDA - HYNIC - Q - Litorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 67]}, {"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - tricine - HYNIC - Q - Litorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimum specific activity and incubation time were determined for all the cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the cell uptake of the radiolabeled peptide conjugates in tumor cell lines were higher than in the control cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings of this study indicated the need for further development of in vivo study as a radiopharmaceutical for pancreatic tumor imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - walled carbon nanotube surface control of complement recognition and activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) are receiving considerable attention in site - specific drug and nucleic acid delivery , photodynamic therapy , and photoacoustic molecular imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite these advances , nanotubes may activate the complement system ( an integral part of innate immunity ) , which can induce clinically significant anaphylaxis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that single - walled CNTs coated with human serum albumin activate the complement system through C1q - mediated classical and the alternative pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface coating with methoxypoly ( ethylene glycol ) - based amphiphiles , which confers solubility and prolongs circulation profiles of CNTs , activates the complement system differently , depending on the amphiphile structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "methoxypoly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNTs with linear poly ( ethylene glycol ) amphiphiles trigger the lectin pathway of the complement through both L - ficolin and mannan - binding lectin recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lectin pathway activation , however , did not trigger the amplification loop of the alternative pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An amphiphile with branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) architecture also activated the lectin pathway but only through L - ficolin recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , this mode of activation neither generated anaphylatoxins nor induced triggering of the effector arm of the complement system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations provide a major step toward nanomaterial surface modification with polymers that have the properties to significantly improve innate immunocompatibility by limiting the formation of complement C3 and C5 convertases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of novel phosphorylated guanidine derivatives from cyanamide and their anti - inflammatory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorylated guanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "cyanamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel guanidine derivatives were synthesized in three steps and their anti - inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - Aminopyridin - 3 - ol ( 1 ) was reacted with thiophosphoryl chloride ( 2 ) to give a monochloride ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - Aminopyridin - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "thiophosphoryl chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 72]}, {"entity": "monochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was further reacted with cyanamide to afford the corresponding cyanamine ( 4 ) , which was subsequently reacted with different heterocyclic amines to form the title compounds ( 5a - l ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyanamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "cyanamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substituent in the guanidine function affected the potency of anti - inflammatory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds having benzothiazole , fluorophenyl , and piperazinyl moieties enhanced the anti - inflammatory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "fluorophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "piperazinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovering some novel 7 - chloroquinolines carrying a biologically active benzenesulfonamide moiety as a new class of anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - chloroquinolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "benzenesulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the reported anticancer activity of quinolines , a new series of 7 - chloroquinoline derivatives bearing the biologically active benzenesulfonamide moiety 2 - 17 and 19 - 25 were synthesized starting with 4 , 7 - dichloroquinolne 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "7 - chloroquinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 93]}, {"entity": "benzenesulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 156]}, {"entity": "4 , 7 - dichloroquinolne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 17 was the most active compound with IC ( 50 ) value 64 . 41 , 75 . 05 and 30 . 71 micro M compared with Doxorubicin as reference drug with IC ( 50 ) values 82 . 53 , 88 . 32 and 73 . 72 micro M on breast cancer cells , skin cancer cells and neuroblastoma , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity on breast cancer cells , skin cancer cells and neuroblastoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to suggest the mechanism of action for their cytotoxic activity , molecular docking for all synthesized compounds was done on the active site of phosphoinositide kinase ( PI3K ) and good results were obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syntheses of 2 - deoxy - 2 , 3 - didehydro - N - acetylneuraminic acid analogues modified by alpha - acylaminoamido groups at the C - 4 position using isocyanide - based four - component coupling and biological evaluation as inhibitors of human parainfluenza virus type 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - deoxy - 2 , 3 - didehydro - N - acetylneuraminic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 70]}, {"entity": "alpha - acylaminoamido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 115]}, {"entity": "isocyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel sialidase inhibitors 11 having an alpha - acylaminoamido group at the C - 4 position of Neu5Ac2en 1 against human parainfluenza virus type 1 ( hPIV - 1 ) were synthesized using one - pot isocyanide - based four - component condensation , and their inhibitory activities against hPIV - 1 sialidase were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - acylaminoamido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 62]}, {"entity": "isocyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 11b showed inhibitory activity ( IC ( 50 ) = 5 . 1 mM ) against hPIV - 1 sialidase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of inhibition of 11b was much weaker than that of 1 ( IC ( 50 ) = 0 . 3 mM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new triterpenoid saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoid saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new triterpenoid saponins , named platycodon A ( 3 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 16 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 2 beta , 3 beta , 16 beta , 21 beta - tetrahydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ) and platycodon B ( 3 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 16 - O - beta - D - xylopyranosyl - 2 beta , 3 beta , 16 beta , 21 beta - tetrahydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid ) were isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoid saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 29]}, {"entity": "platycodon A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "3 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 16 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 2 beta , 3 beta , 16 beta , 21 beta - tetrahydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 207]}, {"entity": "platycodon B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 226]}, {"entity": "3 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - 16 - O - beta - D - xylopyranosyl - 2 beta , 3 beta , 16 beta , 21 beta - tetrahydroxyolean - 12 - en - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 382]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of various spectroscopic analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 and 2 were tested in HepG - 2 , A549 and DU145 human cancer cell lines and showed remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG - 2 and A549 cancer cell lines with IC ( 50 ) values ranging from 4 . 9 to 9 . 4 micro M , but they displayed weak cytotoxic activities against DU145 cancer cell line with IC ( 50 ) values greater than 10 micro M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two freshwater fish , Rasbora sumatrana ( Cyprinidae ) and Poecilia reticulata ( guppy ; Poeciliidae ) , were exposed to a range of eight heavy metals ( copper ( Cu ) , cadmium ( Cd ) , zinc ( Zn ) , lead ( Pb ) , nickel ( Ni ) , iron ( Fe ) , aluminium ( Al ) , and manganese ( Mn ) ) at varied concentrations for 96 h in the laboratory .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 164]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 181]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 190]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 195]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 209]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 225]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 234]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 239]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 253]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 258]}, {"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 276]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentrations ( LC ( 50 ) ) were calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that the LC ( 50 ) values increased with a decrease in mean exposure times , for all metals and for both fish types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 96 - h LC ( 50 ) values for Cu , Cd , Zn , Pb , Ni , Fe , Al , and Mn were 0 . 006 , 0 . 10 , 0 . 46 , 0 . 63 , 0 . 83 , 1 . 71 , 1 . 53 , and 5 . 71 mg / L for R . sumatrana and 0 . 038 , 0 . 17 , 1 . 06 , 1 . 99 , 15 . 62 , 1 . 46 , 6 . 76 , and 23 . 91 mg / L for P . reticulata , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metal toxicity trend for R . sumatrana and P . reticulata from most to least toxic was Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Al > Fe > Mn and Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Pb > Al > Ni > Mn , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 150]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 155]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 160]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 165]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that Cu was the most toxic metal on both fish , and R . sumatrana was more sensitive than P . reticulata to all the eight metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertical flow immunoassay ( VFA ) biosensor for a rapid one - step immunoassay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A highly rapid , one - step immunoassay of high sensitivity C - reactive protein ( hsCRP ) using a biosensor with a vertical flow immunoassay ( VFA ) was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VFA biosensor was primarily composed of a sample pad , conjugate pad , FTH film and nitrocellulose ( NC ) membrane , which were all vertically stacked upon one another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - hsCRP and secondary antibodies were consecutively immobilized on the NC membrane at the position below the holes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) conjugated with another anti - hsCRP antibody were encapsulated in the conjugation pad .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various assay conditions , including the size of the hole and the sample volume , were optimized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under optimized conditions , hsCRP concentrations from 0 . 01 to 10 mu g mL ( - 1 ) were detected within 2 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison with a lateral flow assay ( LFA ) system , the VFA sensor showed a gradual increase of signal in a concentration - dependent manner without a hook effect in the tested range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and characterization of an MRI Gd - based probe designed to target the translocator protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPA - 713 is the lead compound of a recently reported pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidineacetamide series , targeting the translocator protein ( TSPO 18 kDa ) , and as such , this structure , as well as closely related derivatives , have been already successfully used as positron emission tomography radioligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA - 713", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidineacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the pharmacological core of this ligands series , a new magnetic resonance imaging probe , coded DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA was designed and successfully synthesized in six steps and 13 % overall yield from DPA - 713 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 142]}, {"entity": "DPA - 713", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gd - DOTA monoamide cage ( DOTA = 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 - tetraazacyclododecane - 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 - tetraacetic acid ) represents the magnetic resonance imaging reporter , which is spaced from the phenylpyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidineacetamide moiety ( DPA - 713 motif ) by a six carbon - atom chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd - DOTA monoamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "DOTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 , 7 , 10 - tetraazacyclododecane - 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 - tetraacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 112]}, {"entity": "phenylpyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidineacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 241]}, {"entity": "DPA - 713", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 260]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA relaxometric characterization showed the typical behavior of a small - sized molecule ( relaxivity value : 6 . 02 mM ( - 1 ) s ( - 1 ) at 20 MHz ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The good hydrophilicity of the metal chelate makes DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA soluble in water , affecting thus its biodistribution with respect to the parent lipophilic DPA - 713 molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 80]}, {"entity": "DPA - 713", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , it was deemed of interest to load the probe to a large carrier in order to increase its residence lifetime in blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA binds to serum albumin with a low affinity constant , it can be entrapped into liposomes ( both in the membrane and in the inner aqueous cavity ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPA - C ( 6 ) - ( Gd ) DOTAMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stability of the supramolecular adduct formed by the Gd - complex and liposomes was assessed by a competition test with albumin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - Carbaborane - 3 - phenyl - 1H - indoles - - synthesis via McMurry reaction and cyclooxygenase ( COX ) inhibition activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - Carbaborane - 3 - phenyl - 1H - indoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) inhibitors have been the focus of medicinal chemistry efforts for years , and many compounds that exhibit high selectivity and affinity have been developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As carbaboranes represent interesting pharmacophores as phenyl mimetics in drug development , this paper presents the synthesis of carbaboranyl derivatives of COX - 2 - selective 2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaboranes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "carbaboranyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the lability of carbaboranes under reducing conditions , 2 - carbaborane - 3 - phenyl - 1H - indoles could be synthesized by McMurry cyclization of the corresponding amides .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaboranes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "2 - carbaborane - 3 - phenyl - 1H - indoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 108]}, {"entity": "amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the meta - carbaboranyl - substituted derivatives lacked COX inhibitory activity , an ortho - carbaboranyl analogue was active , but showed a selectivity shift toward COX - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "meta - carbaboranyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "ortho - carbaboranyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unwinding of primer - templates by archaeal family - B DNA polymerases in response to template - strand uracil .", "entity": [{"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Archaeal family - B DNA polymerases bind tightly to deaminated bases and stall replication on encountering uracil in template strands , four bases ahead of the primer - template junction .", "entity": [{"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Should the polymerase progress further towards the uracil , for example , to position uracil only two bases in front of the junction , 3 ' - 5 ' proof - reading exonuclease activity becomes stimulated , trimming the primer and re - setting uracil to the + 4 position .", "entity": [{"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uracil sensing prevents copying of the deaminated base and permanent mutation in 50 % of the progeny .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This publication uses both steady - state and time - resolved 2 - aminopurine fluorescence to show pronounced unwinding of primer - templates with Pyrococcus furiosus ( Pfu ) polymerase - DNA complexes containing uracil at + 2 ; much less strand separation is seen with uracil at + 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 219]}, {"entity": "uracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA unwinding has long been recognized as necessary for proof - reading exonuclease activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The roles of M247 and Y261 , amino acids suggested by structural studies to play a role in primer - template unwinding , have been probed .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M247 appears to be unimportant , but 2 - aminopurine fluorescence measurements show that Y261 plays a role in primer - template strand separation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Y261 is also required for full exonuclease activity and contributes to the fidelity of the polymerase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism mediates far - red light responses in land plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors important for development and adaptation to the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochrome A ( PHYA ) is essential for the far - red ( FR ) high - irradiance responses ( HIRs ) , which are of particular ecological relevance as they enable plants to establish under shade conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHYA and HIRs have been considered unique to seed plants because the divergence of seed plants and cryptogams ( e . g . , ferns and mosses ) preceded the evolution of PHYA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seed plant phytochromes translocate into the nucleus and regulate gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , there has been little evidence of a nuclear localization and function of cryptogam phytochromes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identified responses to FR light in cryptogams , which are highly reminiscent of PHYA signaling in seed plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the moss Physcomitrella patens and the fern Adiantum capillus - veneris , phytochromes accumulate in the nucleus in response to light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although P . patens phytochromes evolved independently of PHYA , we have found that one clade of P . patens phytochromes exhibits the molecular properties of PHYA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that HIR - like responses had evolved in the last common ancestor of modern seed plants and cryptogams and that HIR signaling is more ancient than PHYA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , other phytochromes in seed plants may have lost the capacity to mediate HIRs during evolution , rather than that PHYA acquired it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current progresses of novel natural products and their derivatives / analogs as anti - Alzheimer candidates : an update .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) is one of the most threatening diseases affecting the aged with high incidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though AD has been defined for more than 100 years , it is still incurable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drugs clinically used for the treatment of this disease , such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) and N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , can only provide a limited therapeutic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 143]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The need of effective drugs has stimulated the search for new compounds with potential clinical utility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products are rich and unexplored sources for discovering novel leading compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , a great number of natural products have been found possessing anti - AD property counteracting different etiological factors of AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will give an update demonstration on the novel anti - AD natural products and their derivatives / analogues , which have been divided into five subgroups according to their different action mechanisms : AChEIs , antioxidants , neuroprotective agents , monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) inhibitors , and tau hyperphosphorylation inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We put special emphasis on the findings in the past 5 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the drug design strategy as well as the structure - activity relationship of the relevant compounds is also discussed when it is possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of antiproliferative effects of metformine and progesterone on estrogen - induced endometrial hyperplasia in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin has been shown to inhibit the growth of endometriotic implants , and reverse endometrial hyperplasia when combined with oral contraceptive in a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to compare the antiproliferative effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) , and metformin in oopherectomized rat endometrium .", "entity": [{"entity": "medroxyprogesterone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 96]}, {"entity": "MPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty oopherectomized Wistar - Albino rats were used , and assigned to receive saline , 17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate ( 4 mg / kg ) , 17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate ( 4 mg / kg ) and metformin ( 50 mg / kg ) , 17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate ( 4 mg / kg ) and MPA ( 1 mg / day ) for 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 117]}, {"entity": "17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 163]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "17 beta Estradiol hemihydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 238]}, {"entity": "MPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological markers of uterotrophy , including endometrial height , luminal ephitelial cell height and density of endometrial glands on hysterectomy speciments were quantified for each specimen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats treated with estradiol had significantly increased in endometrial height , endomerial luminal epithelial height and endometrial gland densitiy than the other groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin and MPA acetate significantly reduced all parameters indicating endometrial hyperplasia , and uterotrophy with respect to the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "MPA acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiproliferative effects of metformin , and MPA was found to be comparable for all three parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "MPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , metformin attenuates estrogen - induced endometrial hyperplasia in ooferectomized rats to the same degree as progesterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photophysical and electrochemical investigations of the fluorescent probe , 4 , 4 ' - bis ( 2 - benzoxazolyl ) stilbene .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 , 4 ' - bis ( 2 - benzoxazolyl ) stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In solution , 4 , 4 ' - bis ( 2 - benzoxazolyl ) stilbene ( BBS ) was found to exhibit consistently high absolute fluorescence quantum yields ( Phi ( fl ) >= 0 . 88 ) and a monoexponential lifetime , both independent of BBS concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 , 4 ' - bis ( 2 - benzoxazolyl ) stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 57]}, {"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BBS steady - state and time - resolved photophysics were investigated by different techniques to understand the various deactivation pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonradiative deactivation of BBS singlet excited state by intersystem crossing was found to be negligible .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other than fluorescence , the excited state of BBS was found to be deactivated by trans - cis photoisomerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low concentrations ( =~ 5 mu g / mL ) , UV spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis showed concordant results that the photoinduced cis isomer gradually replaced the original absorption spectrum of the pure trans isomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at high concentrations ( =~ 0 . 2 mg / mL ) , ( 1 ) H NMR and DOSY measurements confirmed that irradiating BBS at 350 nm induced a conversion from the trans - BBS into its cis isomer by photoisomerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "trans - BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was further found that the stilbene moiety of both isomers was photocleaved .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting photoproduct was an aldehyde that was oxidized under ambient conditions to its corresponding carboxylic acid , i . e . , 4 - ( 1 , 3 - benzoxazol - 2 - yl ) benzoic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "4 - ( 1 , 3 - benzoxazol - 2 - yl ) benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the photoproduct was unequivocally confirmed by X - ray diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectroscopic investigation of BBS showed a limited photoisomerization after irradiation at 350 nm of a trans solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BBS electrochemistry showed irreversible oxidation , resulting in an unstable and highly reactive radical cation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the cathodic process was also found to be irreversible , giving rise to a radical anion and showing its n - doping character .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Validating a faster method for reconstitution of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab ( ovine ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Reconstitution of CroFab ( (R) ) ( Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab [ ovine ] ) lyophilized drug product was previously performed using 10 mL sterile water for injection followed by up to 36 min of gentle swirling of the vial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CroFab has been clinically demonstrated to be most effective when administered within 6 h of snake envenomation , and improved clinical outcomes are correlated with quicker timing of administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternate reconstitution method was devised , using 18 mL 0 . 9 % saline with manual inversion , with the goal of shortening reconstitution time while maintaining a high quality , efficacious product .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : An analytical study was designed to compare the physicochemical properties of 3 separate batches of CroFab when reconstituted using the standard procedure ( 10 mL WFI with gentle swirling ) and a modified rapid procedure using 18 mL 0 . 9 % saline and manual inversion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physical and chemical characteristics of the same 3 batches were assessed using various analytic methodologies associated with routine quality control release testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition further analytical methodologies were applied in order to elucidate possible structural changes that may be induced by the changed reconstitution procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Batches A , B , and C required mean reconstitution times of 25 min 51 s using the label method and 3 min 07 s ( a 88 . 0 % mean decrease ) using the modified method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicochemical characteristics ( color and clarity , pH , purity , protein content , potency ) were found to be highly comparable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization assays ( dynamic light scattering , analytical ultracentrifugation , LC - MS , SDS - PAGE and circular dichroism spectroscopy were also all found to be comparable between methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : When comparing CroFab batches that were reconstituted using the labeled and modified methods , the physicochemical and biological ( potency ) characteristics of CroFab were not significantly changed when challenged by the various standard analytical methodologies applied in routine quality control analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , no changes in the CroFab molecule regarding degradation , aggregation , purity , structure , or mass were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The analyses performed validated the use of the more rapid reconstitution method using 18 mL 0 . 9 % saline in order to allow a significantly reduced time to administration of CroFab to patients in need .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroecology : a fly ' s bug detector .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drosophila avoid food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and fungi using an olfactory pathway that is exquisitely tuned to a single microbial odour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and dual biological effects of hydroxycinnamoyl phenylalanyl / prolyl hydroxamic acid derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxycinnamoyl phenylalanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 70]}, {"entity": "prolyl hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported that caffeoyl - amino acidyl - hydroxamic acid ( CA - Xaa - NHOH ) acted as both a good antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor , in particular when caffeic acid was conjugated with proline or amino acids having aromatic ring like phenylalanine .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeoyl - amino acidyl - hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 69]}, {"entity": "CA - Xaa - NHOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 224]}, {"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , various hydroxycinnamic acid ( HCA ) derivatives were further conjugated with phenylalanyl hydroxamic acid and prolyl hydroxamic acid ( HCA - Phe - NHOH and HCA - Pro - NHOH ) to study the structure and activity relationship as both antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxycinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 35]}, {"entity": "HCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "phenylalanyl hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 113]}, {"entity": "prolyl hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 140]}, {"entity": "HCA - Phe - NHOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "HCA - Pro - NHOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When their biological activities were evaluated , all HCA - Phe - NHOH and HCA - Pro - NHOH exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity compared to HCA alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCA - Phe - NHOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "HCA - Pro - NHOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 91]}, {"entity": "HCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , derivatives of caffeic acid , ferulic acid , and sinapic acid inhibited lipid peroxidation more efficiently than vitamin E analogue ( Trolox ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , derivatives of caffeic acid and sinapic acid efficiently inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin content in melanocytes Mel - Ab cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a small - molecule antiviral targeting the HIV - 1 matrix protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the emergence of drug - resistant strains and the cumulative toxicities associated with current therapies , demand remains for new inhibitors of HIV - 1 replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HIV - 1 matrix ( MA ) protein is an essential viral component with established roles in the assembly of the virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using virtual and surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) - based screening , we describe the identification of the first small molecule to bind to the HIV - 1 MA protein and to possess broad range anti - HIV properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct mechanisms of Topoisomerase 1 - dependent mutagenesis in yeast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topoisomerase 1 ( Top1 ) resolves transcription - associated supercoils by generating transient single - strand breaks in DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Top1 activity in yeast is a major source of transcription - associated mutagenesis , generating a distinctive mutation signature characterized by deletions in short , tandem repeats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar signature is associated with the persistence of ribonucleoside monophosphates ( rNMPs ) in DNA , and it also depends on Top1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribonucleoside monophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 87]}, {"entity": "rNMPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is only partial overlap , however , between Top1 - dependent deletion hotspots identified in highly transcribed DNA and those associated with rNMPs , suggesting the existence of both rNMP - dependent and rNMP - independent events .", "entity": [{"entity": "rNMPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "rNMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 193]}, {"entity": "rNMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we present genetic studies confirming that there are two distinct types of hotspots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data suggest a novel model in which rNMP - dependent hotspots are generated by sequential Top1 reactions and are consistent with rNMP - independent hotspots reflecting processing of a trapped Top1 cleavage complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "rNMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "rNMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of individual gastric emptying of pellets in the prediction of diclofenac in vivo dissolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to check for the possibility to successfully predict individual in vivo dissolution / absorption profiles resulting from fasted administration of a diclofenac extended release pellet formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose dissolution profiles were generated with different dissolution setups using a set of media reflecting pH - conditions in the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since gastric emptying of pellets seemed to be a critical factor for in vivo drug release , a set of different gastric residence times was screened in in vitro studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , in vitro release profiles were first directly compared with the individual in vivo absorption profiles and in a second step a mathematical model , which had been developed in a previous study , was applied to calculate predicted individual in vivo release profiles based on in vitro release profiles and individual gastric emptying .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comparison of predicted individual in vivo release profiles and individual in vivo absorption profiles showed a high degree of similarity , thus confirming the suitability of a set of different gastric residence times used in in vitro drug release testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , obtained results indicated that a substantial part of variability of diclofenac absorption profiles can be explained by the variability of pellet gastric emptying kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The colon carcinogen 2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine ( PhIP ) is actively secreted in the distal colon of the rat : an integrated view on the role of PhIP transport and metabolism in PhIP - induced colon carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 86]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 188]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiological studies show that a positive correlation exists between the consumption of strongly heated meat and fish and the development of colorectal tumours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , it has been postulated that the uptake of toxic substances formed during meat and fish processing such as heterocyclic aromatic amines ( HCAs ) may be causally related to colon carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic aromatic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 152]}, {"entity": "HCAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous study , we have shown that 2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine ( PhIP ) , the most abundantly formed HCA in the above - mentioned food items , is mainly absorbed in the small intestine ( i . e . proximal jejunum ) of the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - amino - 1 - methyl - 6 - phenylimidazo [ 4 , 5 - b ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 106]}, {"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "HCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we analysed whether PhIP can actively be secreted by enterocytes in the rat proximal jejunum and distal colon .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unidirectional PhIP flux rates from the mucosal - to - the serosal compartment ( J ms ) and in the opposite direction ( J sm ) were examined in Ussing chambers with ( 14 ) C - PhIP as radiotracer and in the absence of electrochemical gradients .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "( 14 ) C - PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these experimental conditions , significant negative net flux rates ( J net = J ms - J sm ) can only be explained by an active secretion of PhIP into the luminal compartment , and such an effect was observed in the rat distal colon , but not in the proximal jejunum .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the data obtained suggest that the breast cancer resistance protein , the multidrug resistance protein 4 and P - glycoprotein are not involved in the active secretion of PhIP in the rat distal colon .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential role of PhIP transport in colon carcinogenesis is discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PhIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Warfarin dose prediction in children using pharmacometric bridging - comparison with published pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Numerous studies have investigated causes of warfarin dose variability in adults , whereas studies in children are limited both in numbers and size .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanism - based population modelling provides an opportunity to condense and propagate prior knowledge from one population to another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main objectives with this study were to evaluate the predictive performance of a theoretically bridged adult warfarin model in children , and to compare accuracy in dose prediction relative to published warfarin algorithms for children .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : An adult population pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic ( PK / PD ) model for warfarin , with CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype , age and target international normalized ratio ( INR ) as dose predictors , was bridged to children using allometric scaling methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its predictive properties were evaluated in an external data set of children 0 - 18 years old , including comparison of dose prediction accuracy with three pharmacogenetics - based algorithms for children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Overall , the bridged model predicted INR response well in 64 warfarin - treated Swedish children ( median age 4 . 3 years ) , but with a tendency to overpredict INR in children <= 2 years old .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bridged model predicted 20 of 49 children ( 41 % ) within +/- 20 % of actual maintenance dose ( median age 7 . 2 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison , the published dosing algorithms predicted 33 - 41 % of the children within +/- 20 % of actual dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose optimization with the bridged model based on up to three individual INR observations increased the proportion within +/- 20 % of actual dose to 70 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A mechanism - based population model developed on adult data provides a promising first step towards more individualized warfarin therapy in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p300 - mediated acetylation of TRF2 is required for maintaining functional telomeres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The human telomeric protein TRF2 is required to protect chromosome ends by facilitating their organization into the protective capping structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - translational modifications of TRF2 such as phosphorylation , ubiquitination , SUMOylation , methylation and poly ( ADP - ribosyl ) ation have been shown to play important roles in telomere function .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that TRF2 specifically interacts with the histone acetyltransferase p300 , and that p300 acetylates the lysine residue at position 293 of TRF2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also report that p300 - mediated acetylation stabilizes the TRF2 protein by inhibiting its ubiquitin - dependent proteolysis and is required for efficient telomere binding of TRF2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , overexpression of the acetylation - deficient mutant , K293R , induces DNA - damage response foci at telomeres , thereby leading to induction of impaired cell growth , cellular senescence and altered cell cycle distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small but significant number of metaphase chromosomes show no telomeric signals at chromatid ends , suggesting an aberrant telomere structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate that acetylation of TRF2 by p300 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of functional telomeres as well as in the regulation of the telomere - associated DNA - damage response , thus providing a new route for modulating telomere protection function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and characterization of new peptidomimetic inhibitors of the West Nile virus NS2B - NS3 protease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of new substrate analogue inhibitors of the WNV NS2B - NS3 protease containing decarboxylated arginine mimetics at the P1 position was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "decarboxylated arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the various analogues , trans - ( 4 - guanidino ) cyclohexylmethylamide ( GCMA ) was identified as the most suitable P1 residue .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - ( 4 - guanidino ) cyclohexylmethylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 77]}, {"entity": "GCMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination with dichloro - substituted phenylacetyl groups at the P4 position , three inhibitors with inhibition constants of < 0 . 2 mu M were obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloro - substituted phenylacetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These GCMA inhibitors have a better selectivity profile than the previously described agmatine analogues , and possess negligible affinity for the trypsin - like serine proteases thrombin , factor Xa , and matriptase .", "entity": [{"entity": "GCMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crystal structure in complex with the WNV protease was determined for one of the most potent inhibitors , 3 , 4 - dichlorophenylacetyl - Lys - Lys - GCMA ( K ( i ) = 0 . 13 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - dichlorophenylacetyl - Lys - Lys - GCMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitor adopts a horseshoe - like conformation , most likely due to a hydrophobic contact between the P4 phenyl ring and the P1 cyclohexyl group , which is further stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the P1 guanidino group and the P4 carbonyl oxygen atom .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "cyclohexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "guanidino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "carbonyl oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These inhibitors are stable , readily accessible , and have a noncovalent binding mode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , they may serve as suitable lead structures for further development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of a potent antimalarial agent through natural products conjugation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Au naturel !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( + ) - Usnic acid ( green ) is a weak antimalarial agent , however , in conjugation with known antimalarial scaffolds and drugs , such as dihydroartemisinin ( blue ) , potent activity against the blood - stage parasite can be seen both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "( + ) - Usnic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "dihydroartemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound shown exhibits an IC ( 50 ) value of 1 . 4 nM against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and proved nearly as efficacious as artesunate in a mouse model of infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways is a promising therapeutic option in inhibiting pheochromocytoma tumor growth : in vitro and in vivo studies in female athymic nude mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence , including the recent discovery of novel susceptibility genes , point out an important role for the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) signaling pathway in the development of pheochromocytoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyzing a set of pheochromocytomas from patients with different genetic backgrounds , we observed and confirmed a significant overexpression of key mTOR complex ( mTORC ) signaling mediators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using selective ATP - competitive inhibitors targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 , we significantly arrested the in vitro cell proliferation and blocked migration of pheochromocytoma cells as a result of the pharmacological suppression of the Akt / mTOR signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , AZD8055 , a selective ATP - competitive dual mTORC1 / 2 small molecular inhibitor , significantly reduced the tumor burden in a model of metastatic pheochromocytoma using female athymic nude mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD8055", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 is a potentially rewarding strategy and supports the application of selective inhibitors in combinatorial drug regimens for metastatic pheochromocytoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin - induced hypertension : The beneficial effects of melatonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 47]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objective : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on biochemical and cardiovascular changes resulting from exposure to 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( TCDD ) , a polychlorinated dibenzo - para - dioxin . Methods : A total of 24 Sprague - Dawley rats were divided equally into the following four groups : ( 1 ) control group was administered with 0 . 5 mL corn oil by gavage and 0 . 5 cc vehicle of melatonin ( proportionally nine parts physiological serum + one part ethyl alcohol ) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks , ( 2 ) the melatonin group was given 5 mg / kg / day melatonin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks , ( 3 ) the TCDD group was given 500 ng / kg / day TCDD by gavage for 4 weeks and ( 4 ) the TCDD + melatonin group was given TCDD ( 500 ng / kg / day ) by gavage and melatonin ( 5 mg / kg / day ) intraperitoneally simultaneously for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 202]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 209]}, {"entity": "polychlorinated dibenzo - para - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 255]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [452, 461]}, {"entity": "ethyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [521, 534]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [579, 588]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [621, 630]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [673, 677]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [712, 716]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [753, 757]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [760, 769]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [786, 790]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [827, 836]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systolic blood pressure was evaluated by the tail - cuff method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular responses to phenylephrine and acetylcholine were evaluated in the isolated thoracic aortas . Results : TCDD not only augmented the systolic blood pressure but also increased the contractile responses to phenylephrine in aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melatonin reversed the blood pressure augmented by TCDD and decreased the contractile responses to phenylephrine in aorta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCDD induced an increase in the malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissue and melatonin did not change it .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , TCDD caused a decrease in glutathione levels in kidney tissues and melatonin reversed it . Conclusion : Present data demonstrated that TCDD may lead to an increase in blood pressure via increased renal oxidative stress and vascular reactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , melatonin might ameliorate the blood pressure disturbed by TCDD in part by decreasing the oxidant activity induced by TCDD .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress in the synthesis of canthine alkaloids and ring - truncated congeners .", "entity": [{"entity": "canthine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The canthines represent a fairly large subclass of beta - carboline alkaloids , with the first members described 75 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "canthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "beta - carboline alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last 60 years , many members of the parent compound , canthin - 6 - one ( 1 ) , have been isolated from various plant sources , principally the Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae families , and recently from fungi .", "entity": [{"entity": "canthin - 6 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structures isolated from these sources have been the subject of total synthesis , which continues to the present day .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review gives a broad overview of synthetic approaches to canthines over a 30 - year period from 1982 to 2012 and summarizes recent reports on the synthesis of less well known ring - truncated congeners .", "entity": [{"entity": "canthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include C - ring - truncated ( \" ABD \" , 2 ) and A - ring - truncated ( \" BCD \" , 3 ) ring systems , which are providing new scaffolds for potentially useful therapeutic applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diels - Alder mediated controlled release from a poly ( ethylene glycol ) based hydrogel .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A synthetic amino acid bearing a furan functionality was developed and incorporated into peptide sequences using solid phase synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "furan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptides expressing the furan moiety were attached to poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG ) hydrogels through a thermally reversible covalent bond formed by a Diels - Alder reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "furan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactions of thiol and maleimide PEG macromers in an off - stoichiometric Michael addition were performed , such that the maleimide moiety was in excess , to create hydrogel networks with pendant Diels - Alder compatible tethering sites , that is , the maleimide .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "maleimide PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By making use of the Diels - Alder reaction , it was possible to control the release rate of reversibly bound moieties from the hydrogel by changing the temperature ; higher temperatures favor a faster retro - Diels - Alder reaction and , therefore , a faster release from the polymer network .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This concept was demonstrated by incorporating a fluorescently labeled furan - RGDS sequence into a hydrogel possessing excess maleimide functionalities and monitoring the subsequent liberation of RGDS at various temperatures , illustrating a Diels - Alder mediated release mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "furan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release profile was quantified at temperatures ranging from physiological ( 37 degrees C ) to 80 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By changing the temperature , varying extents of release were attained over the time course of several days , ranging from 40 % release for lower temperatures to complete release for the highest temperature considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further confirmation of a reaction - diffusion controlled release mechanism was obtained through comparison of experimental release data to a reaction - diffusion model of the release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to thermal modulation , tuning of the release rate was accomplished by altering the number of possible Diels - Alder tethering sites present in the hydrogel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the amount of free maleimide and , therefore , the number of potential Diels - Alder reaction sites , effectively slowed the release of peptide from the polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For instance , doubling the amount of maleimide sites present in the hydrogel system decreased the amount of peptide released from approximately 60 % to about 40 % in the same span of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "maleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bottom - up approach to creating three - dimensional nanoring arrays composed of Au nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bottom - up approach to creating 3D assemblies of Au nanorings by drying aqueous dispersions of PS colloidal particles and Au NPs is shown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evaporation of water from the dispersion allowed for the formation of hexagonally assembled colloidal crystals and nanorings composed of Au nanoparticles among the PS colloidal particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The size of the nanorings could be controlled on a scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After sintering , the Au NPs formed Au nanorings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This simple approach supplies a potentially useful path to novel plasmonic materials and unique metamaterials for the visible light region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Covalent Layer - by - Layer Assembly of Redox - Active Polymer Multilayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( ferrocenyl ( 3 - bromopropyl ) methylsilane ) and poly ( ethylene imine ) are employed in a layer - by - layer deposition process to form covalently connected , redox - active multilayer thin films by means of an amine alkylation reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( ferrocenyl ( 3 - bromopropyl ) methylsilane )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 52]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene imine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 80]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stepwise buildup of these multilayers on silicon , ITO , and quartz substrates was monitored by UV - vis absorption spectroscopy , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) , static contact angle measurements , surface plasmon resonance ( SPR ) , atomic force microscopy , ellipsometry , and cyclic voltammetry , which provide evidence for a linear increase in multilayer thickness with the number of deposited bilayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "ITO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon oxidation and reduction , these covalently interconnected layers do not disassemble , in contrast to poly ( ferrocenylsilane ) ( PFS ) layers featuring similar backbone structures that are held together by electrostatic forces .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ferrocenylsilane )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 131]}, {"entity": "PFS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PFS / PEI multilayers are effective for the electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide and show improved sensing performance at higher bilayer numbers .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These covalently linked layers are readily derivatized further and can therefore be regarded as a versatile platform for creating robust , tailorable , redox - active interfaces with applications in sensing and biofuel cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tipping the energy balance toward longevity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved across eukaryotes that in C . elegans prolongs life span and mimics dietary restriction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stenesen and colleagues ( 2012 ) activate AMPK both directly and indirectly by altering AMP biosynthesis to slow aging in Drosophila , highlighting AMPK as a conserved life span modulator that links energy sensing to longevity .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative photoacoustic imaging of nanoparticles in cells and tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative visualization of nanoparticles in cells and tissues , while preserving the spatial information , is very challenging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A photoacoustic imaging technique to depict the presence and quantity of nanoparticles is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique is based on the dependence of the photoacoustic signal on both the nanoparticle quantity and the laser fluence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative photoacoustic imaging is a robust technique that does not require knowledge of the local fluence , but a relative change in the fluence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This eliminates the need for sophisticated methods or models to determine the energy distribution of light in turbid media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative photoacoustic imaging was first applied to nanoparticle - loaded cells , and quantitation was validated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative photoacoustic imaging was then extended to xenograft tumor tissue sections , and excellent agreement with traditional histopathological analysis was demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that quantitative photoacoustic imaging may be used in many applications including the determination of the efficiency and effectiveness of molecular targeting strategies for cell studies and animal models , the quantitative assessment of photoacoustic contrast agent biodistribution , and the validation of in vivo photoacoustic imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparative protease stability study of synthetic macrocyclic peptides that mimic two endocrine hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide therapeutics have traditionally faced many challenges including low bioavailability , poor proteolytic stability and difficult cellular uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conformationally constraining the backbone of a peptide into a macrocyclic ring often ameliorates these problems and allows for the development of a variety of new drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such peptide - based pharmaceuticals can enhance the multi - faceted functionality of peptide side chains , permitting the peptides to bind cellular targets and receptors necessary to impart their role , while protecting them from degrading cellular influences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the work described here , we developed three cyclic peptides , VP mimic1 , VP mimic2 and OT mimic1 , which mimic endocrine hormones vasopressin and oxytocin .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Making notable changes to the overall structure and composition of the parent hormones , we synthesized the mimics and tested their durability against treatment with three proteases chosen for their specificity : pepsin , alpha - chymotrypsin , and pronase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasopressin and oxytocin contain a disulfide linkage leaving them particularly vulnerable to deactivation from the reducing environment inside the cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we increased the complexity of our assays by adding reducing agent glutathione to each mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , we discovered each of our mimics withstood protease treatment with less degradation and / or a slower rate of degradation as compared to both parent hormones and a linear control peptide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly selective 2 , 4 - diaminopyrimidine - 5 - carboxamide inhibitors of Sky kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 4 - diaminopyrimidine - 5 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the SAR around a series of 2 , 4 - diaminopyrimidine - 5 - carboxamide inhibitors of Sky kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 4 - diaminopyrimidine - 5 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - Aminophenethyl analogs demonstrate excellent potency but moderate kinase selectivity , while 2 - aminobenzyl analogs that fill the Ala571 subpocket exhibit good inhibition activity and excellent kinase selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - Aminophenethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "2 - aminobenzyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a novel tricyclic oxaborole - fused fluoroquinolone .", "entity": [{"entity": "tricyclic oxaborole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "fluoroquinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have designed and synthesized a novel class of compounds based on fluoroquinolone antibacterial prototype .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoroquinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design concept involved the replacement of the 3 - carboxylic acid in ciprofloxacin with an oxaborole - fused ring as an acid - mimicking group .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "oxaborole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic method employed in this work provides a good example of incorporating boron atom in complex molecules with multiple functional groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized compounds has been evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinclozolin - - no transgenerational inheritance of anti - androgenic effects after maternal exposure during organogenesis via the intraperitoneal route .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinclozolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to examine the potential transgenerational inheritance of anti - androgenic effects induced by Vinclozolin administered intraperitoneally to pregnant Wistar rats ( Crl : WI [ Han ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinclozolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dams were dosed with Vinclozolin at 0 , 4 or 100mg / kg bw / d on gestation days 6 - 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinclozolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male offspring of F1 - F3 generations were bred with untreated females to yield F2 - F4 offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No evident anti - androgenic effects were observed at 4mg / kg bw / d , but a case of hypospadias as well as delayed sexual maturation in F1 male offspring was observed as a sign of anti - androgenicity at 100mg / kg bw / d .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , F1 - F3 males developed normally to sexual maturity and were able to mate and to generate healthy progeny .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sperm count , morphology and motility were not affected in F1 - F4 generation male offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , transgenerational inheritance of Vinclozolin ' s anti - androgenic effects was not evident in outbred Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinclozolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancing nicotine vaccine immunogenicity with liposomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major liability of existing nicotine vaccine candidates is the wide variation in anti - nicotine immune responses among clinical trial participants .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to address this liability , significant emphasis has been directed at evaluating adjuvants and delivery systems that confer more robust potentiation of the anti - nicotine immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toward that end , we have initiated work that seeks to exploit the adjuvant effect of liposomes , with or without Toll - like receptor agonist ( s ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the murine immunization study described herein support the hypothesis that a liposomal nicotine vaccine formulation may provide a means for addressing the immunogenicity challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triglyceride accumulation inhibitory effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Boschniakia rossica Fedtsch et Flerov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "phenylpropanoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioassay - guided fractionation led to isolation of five new phenylpropanol glycosides , rossicasides G ( 1 ) , H ( 2 ) , I ( 3 ) , J ( 4 ) , and K ( 5 ) , together with seven known compounds ( 6 - 12 ) from Boschniakia rossica .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpropanol glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 86]}, {"entity": "rossicasides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods ( UV , IR , HRESI - TOF - MS , 1D and 2D NMR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity screening results showed that some isolates had TG accumulation inhibitory effects in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the structure - activity relationship was partly clarified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational identification and quantification of trabecular microarchitecture classes by 3 - D texture analysis - based clustering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( HR - pQCT ) permits the non - invasive assessment of cortical and trabecular bone density , geometry , and microarchitecture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although researchers have developed various post - processing algorithms to quantify HR - pQCT image properties , few of these techniques capture image features beyond global structure - based metrics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While 3D - texture analysis is a key approach in computer vision , it has been utilized only infrequently in HR - pQCT research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motivated by high isotropic spatial resolution and the information density provided by HR - pQCT scans , we have developed and evaluated a post - processing algorithm that quantifies microarchitecture characteristics via texture features in HR - pQCT scans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During a training phase in which clustering was applied to texture features extracted from each voxel of trabecular bone , three distinct clusters , or trabecular microarchitecture classes ( TMACs ) were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These TMACs represent trabecular bone regions with common texture characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TMACs were then used to automatically segment the voxels of new data into three regions corresponding to the trained cluster features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regional trabecular bone texture was described by the histogram of relative trabecular bone volume covered by each cluster .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the intra - scanner and inter - scanner reproducibility by assessing the precision errors ( PE ) , intra class correlation coefficients ( ICC ) and Dice coefficients ( DC ) of the method on 14 ultradistal radius samples scanned on two HR - pQCT systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DC showed good reproducibility in intra - scanner set - up with a mean of 0 . 870 +/- 0 . 027 ( no unit ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even in the inter - scanner set - up the ICC showed high reproducibility , ranging from 0 . 814 to 0 . 964 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a preliminary clinical test application , the TMAC histograms appear to be a good indicator , when differentiating between postmenopausal women with ( n = 18 ) and without ( n = 18 ) prevalent fragility fractures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we could demonstrate that 3D - texture analysis and feature clustering seems to be a promising new HR - pQCT post - processing tool with good reproducibility , even between two different scanners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - apoptotic activity of hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosyl laurate .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosyl laurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxytyrosol ( HyT ) is a polyphenol primarily released in olive mill wastewater and in olive oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animal and cell model studies , HyT and its metabolites have strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities , as well as beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and in several human diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differently , many researchers reported that HyT down - regulates tumor cell viability and cell cycle progression , and induces reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we have investigated the effects of HyT and the corresponding ester hydroxytyrosyl laurate in U937 cells , a human monocytoid cell line , and in C2C12 myoblasts , a murine proliferating muscle cell model , after apoptotic death induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosyl laurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inverted , light and transmission electron microscopy have been utilized to characterize cell death patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H2O2 , at the concentrations known to induce apoptosis , was utilized as cell death trigger .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained show that laur - HyT has a protective antioxidant effect against H2O2 treatment , greater than HyT , so having a role in the prevention of apoptotic death in normal and tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "laur - HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "HyT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest these compounds as good candidate for novel therapeutic strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc protection against aluminium induced altered lipid profile and membrane integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Zinc ( Zn ) supplementation on lipid profile and fluidity of cerebrum and cerebellum membranes of rats treated with aluminium ( Al ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague dawley male rats were divided into four different treatment groups viz : Control , aluminium treated , zinc treated and aluminium + zinc treated .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 137]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aluminium ( AlCl3 ) was administered orally at a dose of 100mg / kgb . wt . / day ( dissolved in drinking water ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "AlCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc as zinc sulphate was supplemented to rats at a dose of 227mg / l in drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "zinc sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant decrease in the levels of total lipids , glycolipids , phospholipids , cholesterol and gangliosides contents were observed in both the cerebrum and cerebellum following Al exposure , which were found to be significantly increased following Zn supplementation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "gangliosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , Al treatment caused a significant increase in the formation of conjugated dienes , which were observed to be reduced on Zn co - treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "dienes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , Al treatment significantly elevated the fluorescence polarization , anisotropy and order parameter , which however were normalized upon Zn co - administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the present study depicts the potential of Zn in moderating the changes caused by Al on membrane composition and fluidity in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FXR - dependent and - independent interaction of glucocorticoids with the regulatory pathways involved in the control of bile acid handling by the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with glucocorticoids ( GCs ) may cause adverse effects , including cholestasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of dexamethasone , prednisolone and budesonide to affect the liver handling of bile acids ( BAs ) has been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "budesonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rats treated with GCs for 4 days , altered serum and bile BA levels , changed conjugation pattern , and delayed and decreased ability to conjugate / secrete exogenously administered deoxycholate , were found using HPLC - MS / MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxycholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RT - QPCR analyses revealed that GC treatment also induced a down - regulation of liver nuclear receptors ( Fxr , Gr and Shp ) , transporters ( Ntcp , Mrp4 and Bcrp ) and enzymes ( Cyp7a1 and Baat ) , whereas Bsep , Mrp2 and Cyp27a1 were up - regulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human HepG2 and Alexander cell lines were used as in vitro models of liver cells with and without constitutive FXR expression , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HepG2 cells , GCs induced a decreased expression of FXR and SHP , and inhibited the regulatory effect of GW4064 on FXR - target genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GW4064", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Alexander cells , only when they were transfected with FXR + RXR , GW4064 caused up - regulation of SHP and OST beta , and a down - regulation of CYP27A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GW4064", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GCs had the opposite effect on these genes , both in the absence and in the presence of FXR expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - transfection of Alexander cells with IR - 1 - Luc and FXR + RXR revealed that GCs did not inhibit but moderately enhanced FXR activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , GCs have a synergistic effect on GW4064 - induced FXR activation , whereas chenodeoxycholate and GW4064 have an additive effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "GW4064", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "chenodeoxycholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "GW4064", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , GCs are able to directly or indirectly activate FXR but they also antagonize , through FXR - independent mechanisms , the expression of FXR and FXR target genes involved in the hepatic handling of BAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxic effects of dietary exposure to T - 2 toxin on intestinal and hepatic biotransformation enzymes and drug transporter systems in broiler chickens .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of the mycotoxin T - 2 on hepatic and intestinal drug - metabolizing enzymes ( cytochrome P450 ) and drug transporter systems ( MDR1 and MRP2 ) in poultry were investigated during this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "mycotoxin T - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broiler chickens received either uncontaminated feed , feed contaminated with 68 mu g / kg or 752 mu g / kg T - 2 toxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3weeks , the animals were euthanized and MDR1 , MRP2 , CYP1A4 , CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 mRNA expression were analyzed using qRT - PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along the entire length of the small intestine no significant differences were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the liver , genes coding for CYP1A4 , CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 were significantly down - regulated in the group exposed to 752 mu g / kg T - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For CYP1A4 , even a contamination level of 68 mu g / kg T - 2 caused a significant decrease in mRNA expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of MDR1 was not significantly decreased in the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , hepatic MRP2 expression was significantly down - regulated after exposure to 752 mu g / kg T - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic and intestinal microsomes were prepared to test the enzymatic activity of CYP3A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the ileum and liver CYP3A activity was significantly increased in the group receiving 752 mu g / kg T - 2 compared to the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study show that drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter mechanisms can be influenced due to prolonged exposure to relevant doses of T - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced chemopreventive activity of hydroxytyrosol on HL60 and HL60R cells by chemical conversion into thio derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "thio", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thio derivatives of hydroxytyrosol containing thiol , thioacetate and disulfide functionalities were synthesized from natural hydroxytyrosol ( 3 , 4 - DHPEA ) via 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenethyl halides .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "thioacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenethyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds , containing the combination of catechol moiety and divalent sulfur functions , were tested for the pro - apoptotic and anti - proliferative activities on both parental HL60 and multi - drug resistant HL60R cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that all synthesized compounds were more effective than 3 , 4 - DHPEA in inducing apoptosis on HL60R cells , and that the hydroxytyrosol disulfide was the most active pro - apoptotic and anti - proliferative compound on both HL60 and HL60R cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different from 3 , 4 - DHPEA , all thio derivatives of hydroxytyrosol induced apoptosis by a mechanism not involving the release of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) in the culture medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data on HL60R cells suggest that these compounds could be able to reverse the resistance toward the most common drugs in cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - line monitoring of the drug content of powder mixtures and tablets by near - infrared spectroscopy during the continuous direct compression tableting process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous manufacturing methods offer economic and quality advantages when compared with batch manufacturing methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In continuous manufacturing , one requires real time assurance of quality of product via the implementation of PAT tools .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study focuses on an in - line near - infrared ( NIR ) spectroscopic method for determining the drug content of powder mixtures and tablets during a continuous tableting process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tablets consisting of acetaminophen ( 20 - 30 % ) , lactose ( 69 . 07 - 78 . 93 % ) and magnesium stearate ( 0 . 93 - 1 . 07 % ) were prepared in a continuous direct compression line that consisted of two loss - in - weight feeders , one for acetaminophen and one for premixed lactose and magnesium stearate , and a continuous mixer followed by a rotary tablet press .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "lactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "magnesium stearate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 106]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 255]}, {"entity": "lactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 284]}, {"entity": "magnesium stearate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NIR spectroscopy was applied to the continuous mixer and tablet press to perform a 100 % product check at full tableting speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UV - spectrophotometric method was used as an off - line reference method to determine the acetaminophen content in the samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The powder mixture and tablet samples were taken during the process for the calibration of continuous mixer and tablet press , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the continuous mixer , model creation with the PLS method yielded R - Square and RMSEC ( root mean square error of calibration ) values of 0 . 975 % and 0 . 56 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the tablet press , the corresponding R - Square and RMSEC values were 0 . 943 % and 0 . 75 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A test run demonstrated good predictability in the estimation of the API content in the powder mixtures and tablets during the continuous tableting process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the continuous mixer and tablet press , the RMSEP ( root mean square error of prediction ) values were 0 . 96 % and 1 . 37 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that an NIR instrument capable of fast spectra acquisition can be a valuable tool for the in - line monitoring of the continuous mixing and tableting processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OAT1 and OAT3 : targets of drug - drug interaction between entecavir and JBP485 .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Entecavir and JBP485 ( a dipeptide ) exhibit the antihepatitis activities and it is possible for the two drugs to be coadministered in the treatment of hepatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "dipeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to elucidate whether entecavir was a substrate of OAT1 , OAT3 , OCT , and PEPT1 and to investigate the targets of drug - drug interactions between entecavir and JBP485 .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma and urine concentrations of entecavir following intravenous and oral administration in vivo , uptake of entecavir in kidney slices and transfected cells in vitro , were determined by LC - MS / MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following intravenous co - administration of entecavir and JBP485 in rats , entecavir AUC increased 1 . 93 - fold , t1 / 2 beta was prolonged 2 . 08 - fold , CLP decreased 49 % , CLR decreased 73 % , and accumulated urinary excretion decreased 54 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , following oral co - administration , the entecavir Tmax and Cmax were not affected ; the degree of change in other pharmacokinetic parameters ( AUC , t1 / 2 beta , CLP , and accumulated urinary excretion ) was similar to that of intravenous administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uptake of entecavir was nearly identical in hPEPT1 - as in vector - HELA cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rat kidney slices , uptake of entecavir was markedly inhibited by p - aminohippurate , benzylpenicillin , JBP485 , and tetraethyl ammonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "p - aminohippurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "benzylpenicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 106]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "tetraethyl ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In hOAT1 - and hOAT3 - HEK293 cells , uptake of entecavir was significantly higher compared to vector - HEK293 cells and was markedly inhibited by p - aminohippurate , benzylpenicillin , and JBP485 .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "p - aminohippurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 165]}, {"entity": "benzylpenicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Km and Vmax values of entecavir were 250 mu M and 0 . 83 nmol / mg protein / 30s ( OAT1 ) and 23 mu M and 1 . 1 nmol / mg protein / 30 s ( OAT3 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Entecavir is the substrate of OAT1 , OAT3 , and OCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , OAT1 and OAT3 are the targets of DDI between entecavir and JBP485 .", "entity": [{"entity": "entecavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "JBP485", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive barrigenol type triterpenoids from the leaves of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge .", "entity": [{"entity": "barrigenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to find out new natural barrigenol type triterpenenoids as antitumor agent and reveal the difference on material basis of different parts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge , the bioassay - directed separation of the saponin fraction from leaves of X . sorbifolia Bunge was carried out to afford 5 new barrigenol type triterpenoids ( 1 - 5 ) , together with 2 known ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "barrigenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "triterpenenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "saponin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "barrigenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 318]}, {"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antitumor activities were evaluated and compounds 2 and 7 showed significant cytotoxic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the SAR was discussed briefly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of our research work and related literature , the difference of chemical constituents from different parts of X . sorbifolia was analyzed and concluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result can be a useful reference for phytochemistry taxology and safe and rational drug use of X . sorbifolia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of quinoline derivatives : discovery of a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphodiesterase type 5 ( PDE5 ) mediates the degradation of cGMP in a variety of tissues including brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nitric oxide / cGMP / cAMP - responsive element - binding protein ( CREB ) pathway to the process of learning and memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , PDE5 inhibitors ( PDE5Is ) are thought to be promising new therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) , a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore this possibility , a series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that compound 7a selectively inhibits PDE5 with an IC ( 50 ) of 0 . 27 nM and readily crosses the blood brain barrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an in vivo mouse model of AD , compound 7a rescues synaptic and memory defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinoline - based , CNS - permeant PDE5Is have potential for AD therapeutic development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzo [ alpha ] pyrene repressed DNA mismatch repair in human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benzo [ alpha ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA mismatch repair ( MMR ) has been recently implicated to play a significant role in breast cancer progression , however , few studies have examined how various carcinogens affect MMR system in breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study employs an in vivo MMR assay developed in our laboratory to assess how prevalent environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) affect MMR activity in human breast carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 165]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , we quantitatively measured MMR activity in ZR75 - 1 cells after they were exposed to benzo [ alpha ] pyrene ( BaP ) , a prototypical PAH , at various concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzo [ alpha ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 122]}, {"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings revealed that BaP exposure at high concentrations of 1 and 5 mu M induced significant inhibition of MMR activity in ZR75 - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we also identified that MMR repression induced by 5 mu M BaP was mediated through one of the MMR key proteins MSH6 as significant reduction in protein level was detected by western blot .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More importantly , ectopic expression of hMSH6 restored MMR activity in the BaP treated cells to the same level as in the control cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired MMR plays an important role in carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that BaP induced repression of MMR activity may also contribute to the progression of mutagenesis event .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the present study also for the first demonstrated that our in vivo DNA MMR assay can be applied in the field of environmental toxicology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detoxification of aldehydes by histidine - containing dipeptides : from chemistry to clinical implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aldehydes are generated by oxidized lipids and carbohydrates at increased levels under conditions of metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress during atherosclerosis , myocardial and cerebral ischemia , diabetes , neurodegenerative diseases and trauma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most tissues , aldehydes are detoxified by oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation or the reduction of aldehydes or enzymatic and nonenzymatic conjugation with low molecular weight thiols and amines , such as glutathione and histidine dipeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 194]}, {"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 205]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 227]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histidine dipeptides are present in micromolar to millimolar range in the tissues of vertebrates , where they are involved in a variety of physiological functions such as pH buffering , metal chelation , oxidant and aldehyde scavenging .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histidine dipeptides such as carnosine form Michael adducts with lipid - derived unsaturated aldehydes , and react with carbohydrate - derived oxo - and hydroxy - aldehydes forming products of unknown structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "unsaturated aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "oxo - and hydroxy - aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these peptides react with electrophilic molecules at lower rate than glutathione , they can protect glutathione from modification by oxidant and they may be important for aldehyde quenching in glutathione - depleted cells or extracellular space where glutathione is scarce .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 213]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with in vitro findings , treatment with carnosine has been shown to diminish ischemic injury , improve glucose control , ameliorate the development of complications in animal models of diabetes and obesity , promote wound healing and decrease atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective effects of carnosine have been linked to its anti - oxidant properties , its ability to promote glycolysis , detoxify reactive aldehydes and enhance histamine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , treatment with carnosine and related histidine dipeptides may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with high carbonyl load .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of manganese on dopamine toxicity and dopamine transporter ( DAT ) in control and DAT transfected HEK cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic exposure to Mn results in the development of a neurological disorder known as manganism characterized by neurological deficits resembling that seen in Parkinsonism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal pathway appear intact , Mn - induced irregularities in DA transmission have been observed including decreased amphetamine - induced DA release and loss of the dopamine transporter ( DAT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of studies to evaluate the effect of Mn and DA on cell viability in control and DAT - transfected HEK cells reveal that Mn is equally toxic to both cell lines whereas DA was only toxic to cells containing DAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DA toxicity was saturable suggesting that transport may be rate limiting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When Mn and DA were added simultaneously to the media , cell toxicity was similar to that produced by Mn alone suggesting that Mn may suppress DA uptake in the DAT containing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preincubation of DA prior to the addition of Mn resulted in cell death which was essentially additive with that produced independently by the two agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn was also shown to decrease DA uptake and amphetamine - induced DA efflux in DAT containing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - lapsed confocal microscopy indicates that Mn can promote trafficking of cell surface DAT into intracellular compartments which may account for the decrease in DA uptake and DA efflux in these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn - induced internalization of DAT may provide an explanation for disruption in DA transmission previously reported in the striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids profiles , antioxidant , acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities of extract from Dryoathyrium boryanum ( Willd . ) Ching .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The profiles and bioactivities of flavonoids extracted from Dryoathyrium boryanum ( Willd . ) Ching were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total flavonoids content in extract from D . boryanum is about 145 . 8mg / g .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of HPLC - DAD - ESI - MS , the main flavonoids in D . boryanum were tentatively identified as 3 - hydroxyphloretin 6 ' - O - hexoside , quercetin - 7 - hexoside , apigenin7 - O - glucoside , luteolin 7 - O - glucoside , apigenin 7 - O - galactoside , acacetin 7 - O - ( alpha - D - apio - furanosyl ) ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucoside , 3 - hydroxy phloretin 6 - O - hexoside , luteolin - 6 - C - glucoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxyphloretin 6 ' - O - hexoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 142]}, {"entity": "quercetin - 7 - hexoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 169]}, {"entity": "apigenin7 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 197]}, {"entity": "luteolin 7 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 226]}, {"entity": "apigenin 7 - O - galactoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 257]}, {"entity": "acacetin 7 - O - ( alpha - D - apio - furanosyl ) ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 344]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxy phloretin 6 - O - hexoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 385]}, {"entity": "luteolin - 6 - C - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 416]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "0 . 21mg / ml flavonoids extract from D . boryanum showed very strong superoxide anion radical scavenging potential , which is higher than that of rutin ( 0 . 25mg / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extract ( 0 . 21mg / ml of flavonoids ) from D . boryanum exhibited similar DPPH scavenging potential with that of rutin ( 0 . 25mg / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , rutin ( 0 . 25mg / ml ) showed a significantly higher reducing power and ABTS scavenging potential than that of 0 . 21mg / ml flavonoids extract from D . boryanum .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had no effect on acetylcholinesterase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D . boryanum can be considered as a medicinal plant and the flavonoids from D . boryanum are excellent antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profiling of neuraminidase inhibitory polyphenols from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacterial neuraminidase ( NA ) is a lynch pin enzyme in the formation of biofilms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus NA continues to be one of the key enzymes targeted by bacterial infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this manuscript is to communicate four new naturally derived inhibitors of neuraminidase ( IC50s 3 . 7 - 24 . 4 mu M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these active species ( 1 - 4 ) contained a resveratrol chemotype , however resveratrol itself was inactive ( IC50 > 100 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - 4 were isolated from the 60 % aqueous ethanol extract of seeds of Paeonia lactiflora , which exhibited potent neuraminidase inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification of the extracts yielded four chiral polyphenols , suffruticosol A ( 1 ) , suffruticosol B ( 2 ) , trans - epsilon - viniferin ( 3 ) , and trans - gnetin H ( 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "suffruticosol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "suffruticosol B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "trans - epsilon - viniferin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 138]}, {"entity": "trans - gnetin H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistic analysis of 1 - 4 ' s inhibition showed that they were all reversible , noncompetitive inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trans - epsilon - viniferin ( 3 ) underwent trans - cis isomerization , which led to a reduction in inhibition potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trans - epsilon - viniferin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This correlates with the fact that the cis - isomer is a weaker inhibitor of neuraminidase than the trans - isomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , significantly different optical rotations ( [ alpha ] D ) compared to previous reports were found for suffruticosols A ( + 95 vs - 34 ) and B ( + 136 vs + 13 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "suffruticosols A ( + 95 vs - 34 ) and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two species are the most important standard metabolites in the whole paeoniaceae family and therefore correction of this error is important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of novel antimycobacterial chemical agents through the in silico multi - conformational structure - based drug screening of a large - scale chemical library .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increasing prevalence of drug - resistant tuberculosis , which is resistant to effective multiple antibiotic , presents a major global health threat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thymidine monophosphate kinase ( TMPK ) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tuberculosis ) , which is an essential enzyme for the maintenance of the thymidine triphosphate pools , is considered an attractive target for the development of effective antibiotics against tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymidine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "thymidine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we attempted to identify novel chemical compounds that specifically target the M . tuberculosis TMPK ( mtTMPK ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed in silico structure - based drug screening using the crystal structure data of mtTMPK and a large - scale virtual compound library , which is composed of 6 , 192 , 930 chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through a three - step screening method using the DOCK and GOLD , we identified ten chemical compounds that were predicted to have high binding affinity to the active site cleft of the mtTMPK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then evaluated the antibiotic effects of these chemical compounds on model mycobacteria strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , we found that a chemical compound , K10 , completely inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii ( M . vanbaalenii ) and Mycobacterium smegmatis ( M . smegmatis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , K10 does not exhibit any toxic effects on the growth of enterobacteria and mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural and experimental information regarding this novel chemical compound , K10 , is likely to be useful for the hit - to - lead optimization of new antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monocyclic beta - lactams as antibacterial agents : facing antioxidant activity of N - methylthio - azetidinones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monocyclic beta - lactams", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "N - methylthio - azetidinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of N - methylthio - beta - lactams with antibacterial activity were thoroughly evaluated as antioxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methylthio - beta - lactams", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that only the presence of a polyphenolic moiety anchored to the beta - lactam ring ensured an adequate antioxidant potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "beta - lactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New compounds , efficiently combining in one structure antioxidant and antibacterial activity , may provide a promising basis for the development of new leads useful in adverse clinical conditions such as in cystic fibrosis patients , in whom colonization by MRSA and epithelial damage by chronic pulmonary oxidative stress take place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial activity of various 4 - and 5 - substituted 1 - phenylnaphthalenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - and 5 - substituted 1 - phenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacterial cell division occurs in conjunction with the formation of a cytokinetic Z - ring structure comprised of FtsZ subunits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agents that can disrupt Z - ring formation have the potential , through this unique mechanism , to be effective against several of the newly emerging multi - drug resistant strains of infectious bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - and 12 - Aryl substituted benzo [ c ] phenanthridines have been identified as antibacterial agents that could exert their activity by disruption of Z - ring formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - and 12 - Aryl substituted benzo [ c ] phenanthridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituted 4 - and 5 - amino - 1 - phenylnaphthalenes represent substructures within the pharmacophore of these benzo [ c ] phenanthridines .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - and 5 - amino - 1 - phenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 54]}, {"entity": "benzo [ c ] phenanthridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several 4 - and 5 - substituted 1 - phenylnaphthalenes were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - and 5 - substituted 1 - phenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of select compounds on the polymerization dynamics of S . aureus FtsZ was also assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragment - based design , synthesis , and biological evaluation of N - substituted - 5 - ( 4 - isopropylthiophenol ) - 2 - hydroxynicotinamide derivatives as novel Mcl - 1 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - substituted - 5 - ( 4 - isopropylthiophenol ) - 2 - hydroxynicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported a nanomolar inhibitor of antiapoptotic Mcl - 1 protein , 3 - thiomorpholin - 8 - oxo - 8H - acenaphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] pyrrole - 9 - carbonitrile ( S1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - thiomorpholin - 8 - oxo - 8H - acenaphtho [ 1 , 2 - b ] pyrrole - 9 - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S1 plays its function by binding to the BH3 groove of Mcl - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basing on this spacial structural characteristic , we developed a novel class of Mcl - 1 inhibitor using fragment - based drug discovery approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By dissecting S1 , we identified the compound 4 with a 2 - hydroxypyridine core as the starting fragment .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - hydroxypyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the following molecular growth , we used the ligand efficiency evaluation and fit quality score to assess the fragments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel potent compound , N - benzyl - 5 - ( 4 - isopropylthiophenol ) - 2 - hydroxyl nicotinamide ( 12c ) , which binds Mcl - 1 with an IC ( 50 ) value of 54 nM was obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - benzyl - 5 - ( 4 - isopropylthiophenol ) - 2 - hydroxyl nicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 12c demonstrated a better aqueous solubility than S1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of accelerated fracture healing by COX2 gene therapy : studies in a mouse model of multiple fractures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study sought to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX2 ) gene therapy to accelerate fracture repair in a mouse multiple tibial fractures model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lenti - COX2 ( or lenti - gfp control vector ) was injected into fractures on day 1 post - fracture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At days 3 - 7 , the COX2 treatment increased Sdf1 - , Cxcr4 - , Nes - , and Podxl - expressing mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) within fracture calluses , suggesting an enhanced MSC recruitment or expansion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The COX2 - treated mice formed smaller cartilaginous calluses that had less cartilage tissues than control mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of Sox9 mRNA was 7 - fold less in COX2 - treated than in control calluses at day 14 , implying that COX2 reduces chondrocytic differentiation of MSCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The therapy also enhanced angiogenesis as reflected by increased immunostaining of CD31 , vWF , and alpha - SMA over controls in the cartilaginous callus at day 14 - 21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At which time , the COX2 gene therapy promoted bony remodeling of the cartilaginous callus to bridge the fracture gap that was accompanied by 2 - fold increase in osteoclasts along the surface of the woven bone and an onset of osteogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blocking angiogenesis with daily injection of endostatin from day 4 to day 10 into fracture sites blocked the COX2 - mediated reduction of callus size that was associated with an increase in hypertrophic chondrocytes and concomitant reduction in osteoclasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , COX2 accelerates fracture healing in part through three biological actions : 1 ) increased recruitment / expansion of MSCs ; 2 ) decreased cartilaginous callus formation ; and 3 ) increased angiogenesis - dependent cartilage remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were associated with an earlier onset of bony bridging of the fracture gap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Singular phase nano - optics in plasmonic metamaterials for label - free single - molecule detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non - trivial behaviour of phase is crucial for many important physical phenomena , such as , for example , the Aharonov - Bohm effect and the Berry phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By manipulating the phase of light one can create ' twisted ' photons , vortex knots and dislocations which has led to the emergence of the field of singular optics relying on abrupt phase changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate the feasibility of singular visible - light nano - optics which exploits the benefits of both plasmonic field enhancement and the peculiarities of the phase of light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that properly designed plasmonic metamaterials exhibit topologically protected zero reflection yielding to sharp phase changes nearby , which can be employed to radically improve the sensitivity of detectors based on plasmon resonances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using reversible hydrogenation of graphene and binding of streptavidin - biotin , we demonstrate an areal mass sensitivity at a level of fg mm ( - 2 ) and detection of individual biomolecules , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our proof - of - concept results offer a route towards simple and scalable single - molecule label - free biosensing technologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the oxime TMB - 4 : simulation of rodent and human data .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "TMB - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple oximes have been synthesized and evaluated for use as countermeasures against chemical warfare nerve agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current U . S . military and civilian oxime countermeasure , 2 - [ ( hydroxyimino ) methyl ] - 1 - methylpyridin - 1 - ium chloride ( 2 - PAM ) , is under consideration for replacement with a more effective acetylcholinesterase reactivator , 1 , 1 ' - methylenebis { 4 - hydroxyiminomethyl } pyridinium dimethanesulfonate ( MMB - 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "2 - [ ( hydroxyimino ) methyl ] - 1 - methylpyridin - 1 - ium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 135]}, {"entity": "2 - PAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 ' - methylenebis { 4 - hydroxyiminomethyl } pyridinium dimethanesulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 325]}, {"entity": "MMB - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [328, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic data in the scientific literature for MMB - 4 are limited ; therefore , a physiologically based pharmacokinetic ( PBPK ) model was developed for a structurally related oxime , 1 , 1 ' - trimethylenebis { 4 - hydroximinomethyl } pyridinium dibromide .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMB - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 ' - trimethylenebis { 4 - hydroximinomethyl } pyridinium dibromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on a previous model structure for the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate , the model includes key sites of acetylcholinesterase inhibition ( brain and diaphragm ) , as well as fat , kidney , liver , rapidly perfused tissues and slowly perfused tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "diisopropylfluorophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All tissue compartments are diffusion limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model parameters were collected from the literature , predicted using quantitative structure - property relationships or , when necessary , fit to available pharmacokinetic data from the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model was parameterized using rat plasma , tissue and urine time course data from intramuscular administration , as well as human blood and urine data from intravenous and intramuscular administration ; sensitivity analyses were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PBPK model successfully simulates rat and human data sets and has been evaluated by predicting intravenous mouse and intramuscular human data not used in the development of the model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monte Carlo analyses were performed to quantify human population kinetic variability in the human evaluation data set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model identifies potential pharmacokinetic differences between rodents and humans , indicated by differences in model parameters between species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PBPK model can be used to optimize the dosing regimen to improve oxime therapeutic efficacy in a human population .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving the dispersity of detonation nanodiamond : differential scanning calorimetry as a new method of controlling the aggregation state of nanodiamond powders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detonation nanodiamond ( ND ) is a suitable source material to produce unique samples consisting of almost uniform diamond nanocrystals ( d = 3 - 5 nm ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such samples exist in the form of long stable aqueous dispersions with narrow size distribution of diamond particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The material is finding ever increasing application in biomedicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major problem in producing monodispersed diamond colloids lies in the necessity of deagglomeration of detonation soot and / or removing of clusters formed by already isolated core particles in dry powders .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To do this one must have an effective method to monitor the aggregation state or dispersity of powders and gels prior to the preparation of aqueous dispersions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of dispersity control at various stages of preparation the reproducibility of properties of existing ND materials is poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we introduce differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) as a new tool capable to distinguish the state of aggregation in dry and wetted ND materials and to follow changes in this state under different types of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples with identical X - ray diffraction patterns ( XRD ) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy ( HRTEM ) images gave visibly different DSC traces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong correlation was found between dynamic light scattering ( DLS ) data for colloids and DSC parameters for gels and powders of the same material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on DSC data we improved dispersity of existing ND materials and isolated samples with the best possible DSC parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were true monodispersed easily dispersible fractions of ND particles with diameters of ca .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence of the enterococcal cytolysin imparts unusual lanthionine stereochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enterococcal cytolysin is a two - component lantibiotic of unknown structure with hemolytic activity that is important for virulence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prepared cytolysin by coexpression of each precursor peptide with the synthetase CylM in Escherichia coli and characterized its structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpectedly , cytolysin is to our knowledge the first example of a lantibiotic containing lanthionine and methyllanthionine structures with different stereochemistries in the same peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "methyllanthionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stereochemistry is determined by the sequence of the substrate peptide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibronectin in the palatine tonsil as a susceptibility marker in Egyptian rheumatic families : Histological and immunohistochemical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheumatic fever ( RF ) and rheumatic heart disease ( RHD ) are the multisystem autoimmune sequel of group A streptococci ( GAS ) infection of the upper respiratory passages , mainly tonsillopharyngitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major receptor on the surface of human palatine tonsil for GAS is fibronectin ( FN ; adhesin receptor ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early detection of RF susceptibility is considered as an important aim of this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the present study aimed to use FN immunoreactivity ( FN - ir ) as a marker for early detection of rheumatic susceptible children with palatine tonsil crypts surface epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 30 palatine tonsillar specimens were obtained from children aged from 3 to 15 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological studies showed moderate vascular changes and more than four apparent epithelial disruptions in the crypt epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FN - ir showed a significant increase in FN in the basal layers of surface epithelium , subepithelial connective tissue and interfollicular areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonsils of children in rheumatic families showed significant increase in FN in subepithelial connective tissue areas with more than one apparent crypt epithelial disruption compared to normal children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can conclude that FN plays a central role in the RF and differentially distributed in the functional compartments of the palatine tonsil in children with RHD , so FN - ir can be used as a marker for rheumatic susceptibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache ( CDH ) in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there are reports that oxidative injury may play a role in the pathophysiology of some neurologic disorders , such as migraine and epilepsy , by disrupting or destroying cell membranes through the formation of free radical and reactive oxygen species , the pathophysiology of headache is not clearly established .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 38 children ( 16 boys and 22 girls ) with CDH , aged between 7 and 15 years , were enrolled in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control group consisted of 39 healthy children ( 17 boys and 22 girls ) , aged between 7 and 14 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean age was 10 . 9 +/- 2 . 2 years for both the groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) , and glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) as well as malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels in all the children of both the groups were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean activities of erythrocyte SOD , CAT , and GPx as well as MDA levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings of this study suggest that oxidative stress may play a causal or consequential role in children with CDH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of intracellular delivery of doxorubicin from poly ( lactide - co - glycolide ) nanoparticles by means of fluorescence lifetime imaging and confocal Raman microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular delivery of Doxorubicin ( Dox ) from poly ( lactide - co - glycolide ) ( PLGA ) nanoparticles stabilised with bovine serum albumin , in HepG2 cells , is studied via flow cytometry , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy ( FLIM ) , confocal Raman microscopy ( CRM ) and cell viability studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 88]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry shows that the initial uptake of PLGA and Dox follow the same kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , following 8 h of incubation , the fluorescence intensity and cellular uptake of Dox decreases , while in the case of PLGA both parameters remain constant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FLIM shows the presence of a single - lifetime species , with a lifetime of 1 . 15 ns when measured inside the cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell viability decreases by approximately 20 % when incubated for 24 h with PLGA loaded with Dox , with a particle concentration of 100 micro g . mL ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the single - cell level , CRM shows changes in the bands from DNA and proteins in the cell nucleus when incubated with PLGA loaded with Dox .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modern subunit vaccines : development , components , and research opportunities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional vaccines , based on the administration of killed or attenuated microorganisms , have proven to be among the most effective methods for disease prevention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety issues related to administering these complex mixtures , however , prevent their universal application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through identification of the microbial components responsible for protective immunity , vaccine formulations can be simplified , enabling molecular - level vaccine characterization , improved safety profiles , prospects to develop new high - priority vaccines ( e . g . for HIV , tuberculosis , and malaria ) , and the opportunity for extensive vaccine component optimization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This subunit approach , however , comes at the expense of decreased immunity , requiring the addition of immunostimulatory agents ( adjuvants ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As few adjuvants are currently used in licensed vaccines , adjuvant development represents an exciting area for medicinal chemists to play a role in the future of vaccine development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , immune responses can be further customized though optimization of delivery systems , tuning the size of particulate vaccines , targeting specific cells of the immune system ( e . g . dendritic cells ) , and adding components to aid vaccine efficacy in whole immunized populations ( e . g . promiscuous T - helper epitopes ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we review the current state of the art and future direction in subunit vaccine development , with a focus on the described components and their potential to steer the immune response toward a desired response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed motion of colloidal particles in a galvanic microreactor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms leading to the deposition of colloidal particles in a copper - gold galvanic microreactor are investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using in situ current density measurements and particle velocimetry , we establish correlations between the spatial arrangement and the geometry of the electrodes , current density distribution , and particle aggregation behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ionic transport phenomena are responsible for the occurrence of strongly localized high current density at the edges and corners of the copper electrodes at large electrode separation , leading to a preferential aggregation of colloidal particles at the electrode edges .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preferential aggregation appears to be the result of a combination of electrophoretic effects and changes in bulk electrolyte flow patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that electrolyte flow is most likely driven by electrochemical potential gradients of reaction products formed during the inhomogeneous copper dissolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New prospects for vinblastine analogues as anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boger et al . synthesized a series of C20 ' urea derivatives of vinblastine that matched or exceeded the potency of vinblastine in cell growth inhibition assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies demonstrated the importance of the H - bond donor on the C20 ' position and revealed the presence of a space surrounding the C20 ' substituent that tolerates a wide variety of substituents , remarkably enhancing potency of vinblastine analogues .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheological study of mutarotation of fructose in anhydrous state .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheological measurement was employed to study the mutarotation of D - fructose in anhydrous state .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By monitoring the evolution of shear viscosity with time , rate constants for mutarotation were estimated , and two different stages of this reaction were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the mutarotation stages is rapid and has a low activation energy , whereas the other is much slower and has a much higher activation energy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible conversions corresponding to these two phases are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work demonstrates that , in addition to the routine techniques such polarimetry and gas - liquid chromatography , rheological measurement can be used as an alternative method to continuously monitor the mutarotation of sugars .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - pot synthesis of tin - embedded carbon / silica nanocomposites for anode materials in lithium - ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "tin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a facile \" one - pot \" method for the synthesis of Sn - embedded carbon - silica ( CS ) mesostructured ( nanostructured ) composites through the selective interaction of resol ( carbon precursor ) , tetraethylorthosilicate ( TEOS ) , and tributylphenyltin ( Sn precursor ) with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer , poly ( ethylene oxide - b - styrene ) , PEO - b - PS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 194]}, {"entity": "tetraethylorthosilicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 232]}, {"entity": "TEOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}, {"entity": "tributylphenyltin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 265]}, {"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 270]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene oxide - b - styrene )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [323, 360]}, {"entity": "PEO - b - PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [363, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unique morphology transition from Sn nanowires to spherical Sn nanoparticles embedded in CS framework has been obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metallic Sn species are homogeneously embedded in a rigid CS framework and are effectively confined within the nanostructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting composites are used as anode materials for lithium - ion batteries and exhibit high specific capacities ( 600 mA h g - (1) at a current density of 45 mA g - (1) , and 440 mA h g - (1) at a current density of 300 mA g - (1) ) and an excellent cyclability of over 100 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of all , the novel method developed in this work for synthesizing functional hybrid materials can be extended to the preparation of various functional nanocomposites owing to its versatility and facileness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of angiogenesis by a 27 kDa lectin from perivitelline fluid of horseshoe crab embryos through upregulation of VEGF and its receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiogenesis , the expansion of a capillary network , is implicated in several pathological conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - based inhibition of angiogenesis is being explored as therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , therapeutic angiogenesis contributes to control conditions such as ischemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report pro - angiogenic activity of perivitelline fluid ( PVF ) from Indian horseshoe crab embryos and one of its purified fractions , a 27 kDa lectin , using the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement in number and diameter of blood vessels after treatment with PVF and lectin suggested their pro - angiogenic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative RT - PCR showed that this effect is mediated through modulation of expression of VEGF and VEGFR - 2 / kinase domain receptor genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel insights into the pervasive role of M ( 3 ) muscarinic receptor in cardiac diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart functions are regulated by autonomic nervous systems through their transmitters and modulators , binding to cell surface receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , the cardiac M ( 3 ) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ( M ( 3 ) - mAChR ) has been studied for more than 2 decades since its first discovery in mammalian heart in 1990s .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The location and pathophysiological role of M ( 3 ) - mAChR in the cardiovascular system have been extensively studied and many pathways involved have been uncovered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gain - and loss - of - function studies have revealed the ubiquitous roles of M ( 3 ) - mAChR in physiological and pathological conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , many new findings have been uncovered about the relationship between M ( 3 ) - mAChR and cardiac diseases , including cardiac ischemia , pathological cardiac hypertrophy , cardiac arrhythmias , cardiac conduction and heart failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the novel potential cardioprotective role of M ( 3 ) - mAChR against heart injury by regulation of microRNAs ( miRNAs ) has been revealed in the most updated research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , the current new findings on the role of M ( 3 ) - mAChR in heart diseases are updated , the downstream signaling pathways are summarized , perspectives and challenges of M ( 3 ) - mAChR as therapeutic targets are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth of Pt nanowires by atomic layer deposition on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of Pt nanowires ( NWs ) by atomic layer deposition on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite ( HOPG ) is investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pt is deposited only at the step edges of HOPG and not on the basal planes , leading to the formation of laterally aligned Pt NWs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A growth model involving a morphological transition from 0 - D to 1 - D structures via coalescence is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The width of the NWs grows at a rate greater than twice the vertical growth rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This asymmetry is ascribed to the wetting properties of Pt on HOPG as influenced by the formation of graphene oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A difference in Pt growth kinetics based on crystallographic orientation may also contribute .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of oxidative stress on islet transplantation and monitoring the graft survival by non - invasive imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Islet transplantation is an attractive strategy to treat severe diabetic conditions in patients suffering from autoimmune derived diabetes , and it has currently been considered a forefront research arena in diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major aim of islet transplantation is to achieve successful insulin independent disease free survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key challenges in transplanted islets are the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and associated oxidative stress , pro - inflammatory cytokine - ( TNF alpha ) mediated apoptotic induction , attack by immune cells , and achieving revascularization with minimal hypoxic microenvironment .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free radicals and their derivatives are constantly produced in living systems , but at relatively low level , and in a balanced state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress , which occurs as a result of an imbalance between the intracellular free radicals production and the cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in the transplanted islets , can lead to cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The balance between oxidants and antioxidants in a cell can be easily disturbed by increase in ROS production or reduction in the level of cellular antioxidant defensive substances , which can cause many metabolic complications , including pancreatic beta - cell damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidants function as blockers of radical processes by eliminating harmful ROS produced during normal cellular metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A complex antioxidant defense mechanism has been developed by nature in cells to protect the cellular homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system mainly includes antioxidant enzymes , vitamins and minerals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As transplanted islet survival is crucial for achieving successful therapy , most of these antioxidants can be used as a supplement to scavenge the local ROS thereby improving the survival of transplanted islets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , very few techniques have been routinely used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the survival and function of islet grafts , especially to confirm the success of treatment , which includes metabolic parameters such as blood glucose , insulin and C - peptide levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These biochemical measurements provide markers at only the late stages of islet rejection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of molecular imaging techniques has the potential for real - time non - invasive monitoring of the functional status and viability of transplanted islet grafts in living animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review mainly focuses on the current status of islet transplantations , potential preventive strategies used to reduce oxidative stress - mediated toxicity in islet grafts , and use of molecular imaging as a tool to quantitatively evaluate the functional status of the transplanted islets in living animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational peptidology : a new and promising approach to therapeutic Peptide design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent focus on protein - protein interaction networks has increasingly been shifted towards the disruption of protein complexes , which either are mediated by the binding of a globular domain in one protein to a short peptide stretch in another , or involve flat , large , and hydrophobic interfaces that classical small - molecule agents are not always ideally suited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rational design of therapeutic peptides with high affinity targeting such interactions has emerged as a new and promising tool in discovery of potential drug candidates against associated diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design is commonly based on bioinformatics methods or molecular modeling techniques , indirectly exploiting structure - activity relationship at the level of peptide sequence or directly deriving lead entities from protein complex architecture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a newly rising subfield called computational peptidology that focuses on the use of computational and theoretical approaches to treat peptiderelated problems is comprehensively reviewed on the design and discovery of peptide agents targeting protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We address a systematic discussion on several representative cases in which the computational peptidology is successfully employed to develop peptide therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , some problems and pitfalls accompanied with the current use of computational methods in peptide modeling and design are also present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermal sintering : a novel technique used in the design , optimization and biopharmaceutical evaluation of propranolol HCl gastric floating tablets .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to study the applicability of thermal sintering technique for the development of gastric floating tablets of propranolol HCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formulations were prepared using four independent variables , namely ( i ) polymer quantity , ( ii ) sodium bicarbonate concentration , ( iii ) sintering temperature and ( iv ) sintering time .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Floating lag time and t ( 95 ) were taken as dependent variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tablets were prepared by the direct compression method and were evaluated for physicochemical properties , in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the drug release studies , it was observed that drug retarding property mainly depends upon the sintering temperature and time of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statistically optimized formulation ( PTSso ) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies , and no significant chemical interaction between drug and polymer was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized formulation was stable at accelerated conditions for a period of six months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTSso was evaluated for in vivo buoyancy studies in humans for both fed and fasted states and found that gastric residence time of the floating tablets were enhanced by fed stage but not in fasted state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized formulation PTSso and commercial formulation Ciplar LA 80 were subjected to bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers by estimating pharmacokinetic parameters such as C ( max ) , T ( max ) , area under curve ( AUC ) ( , ) elimination rate constant ( K ( el ) ) , biological half - life ( t ( 1 / 2 ) ) and mean residence time ( MRT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ciplar LA 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant increase in the bioavailability of the propranolol HCl from PTSso formulation , which was evident from increased AUC levels and larger MRT values than Ciplar LA 80 .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "Ciplar LA 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of the scale formation mechanism on gold modified with an alkanethiol monolayer .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkanethiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scaling is a problem in many industrial processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To control and minimize it , it is important to understand the dynamics of the scale formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , the scale formation was examined on two kinds of gold surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One was a pure metallic gold surface , and the other was a gold surface modified with an alkanethiol self - assembled monolayer .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkanethiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of surface characterization experiments were performed to ensure a good understanding of the gold - thiol bond stability in a caustic solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "gold - thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multivalent approach towards linked dual - pharmacology prostaglandin F receptor agonist / carbonic anhydrase - II inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lowering of intra - ocular pressure is the primary pharmacologic approach for the treatment of glaucoma and a number of distinct mechanisms of action have been clinically validated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting of multiple mechanisms in combination therapies has proven effective both clinically and commercially although potential improvements with regards to efficacy , tolerability and dosing frequency remain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of Theravance ' s multivalent approach to drug discovery towards linked dual - pharmacology prostaglandin F receptor ( FP ) agonist / carbonic anhydrase ( CA ) - II inhibitor compounds is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 29 exhibits weak potency ( pEC ( 50 ) = 5 . 7 , IA > 1 . 0 ) as an FP agonist with high binding affinity ( pK ( i ) = 8 . 1 ) to the CA - II enzyme , and has comparable corneal permeability to the CA - II inhibitor dorzolamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "dorzolamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cancer biology of whole - chromosome instability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One form of chromosome instability ( CIN ) , the recurrent missegregation of whole chromosomes during cell division ( W - CIN ) , leads to aneuploidy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although W - CIN is a hallmark of most cancers , mutations in genes involved in chromosome segregation are exceedingly rare .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss an oncogene - induced mitotic stress model that provides a mechanistic framework to explain this paradox .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also review the tumor - promoting and tumor - suppressing consequences of W - CIN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , we do this in the context of cancer as a complex systemic disease , rather than as a simple linearly progressing disorder that arises from a single abnormal cell population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , we highlight the often neglected effects of W - CIN on key non - cell - autonomous entities , such as the immune system and the tumor microenvironment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinct tissue - specific susceptibilities to W - CIN - induced tumorigenesis and the clinical implications of W - CIN are also discussed . Oncogene advance online publication , 14 January 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2012 . 616 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective efficacy and pharmacokinetic behavior of novel anti - inflammatory para - phenyl substituted diindolylmethanes in a mouse model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "para - phenyl substituted diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are currently no registered drugs that slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases , in part because translation from animal models to the clinic has been hampered by poor distribution to the brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present studies examined a selected series of para - phenyl - substituted diindolylmethane ( C - DIM ) compounds that display anti - inflammatory and neuroprotective efficacy in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "para - phenyl - substituted diindolylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We postulated that the pharmacokinetic behavior of C - DIM compounds after oral administration would correlate with neuroprotective efficacy in vivo in a mouse model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - methoxyphenyl ) methane ( C - DIM5 ) , 1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( phenyl ) methane , 1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - hydroxyphenyl ) methane ( C - DIM8 ) , and 1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - chlorophenyl ) methane ( C - DIM12 ) were determined in plasma and brain of C57Bl / 6 mice after oral and intravenous administration at 10 and 1 mg / Kg , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - methoxyphenyl ) methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 100]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( phenyl ) methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 170]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - hydroxyphenyl ) methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 238]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - bis ( 3 ' - indolyl ) - 1 - ( p - chlorophenyl ) methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Putative metabolites were measured in plasma , liver , and urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C - DIM compounds given orally displayed the highest area under the curve , Cmax , and Tmax levels , and C - DIM12 exhibited the most favorable pharmacokinetics of the compounds tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral bioavailability of each compound ranged from 6 % ( C - DIM8 ) to 42 % ( C - DIM12 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After pharmacokinetic studies , the neuroprotective efficacy of C - DIM5 , C - DIM8 , and C - DIM12 ( 50 mg / Kg per oral ) was examined in mice exposed to 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP ) and probenecid for 14 days , a model of progressive neurodegeneration with a strong neuroinflammatory component .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 216]}, {"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 223]}, {"entity": "probenecid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C - DIM5 and C - DIM12 given orally once daily after one week of exposure to MPTP and probenecid prevented further loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatal dopamine terminals , indicating that these compounds could be effective therapeutic agents to prevent neurodegeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "probenecid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peroxynitrite mediates testosterone - induced vasodilation of microvascular resistance vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our knowledge of how androgens influence the cardiovascular system is far from complete , and this lack of understanding is especially true of how androgens affect resistance vessels .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to identify the signaling mechanisms stimulated by testosterone ( TES ) in microvascular arteries and to understand how these mechanisms mediate TES - induced vasodilation .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesenteric microvessels were isolated from male Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tension studies demonstrated a rapid , concentration - dependent , vasodilatory response to TES that did not involve protein synthesis or aromatization to 17 beta - estradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and nitrotyrosine immunoblot experiments indicated that TES stimulated peroxynitrite formation in microvessels , and functional studies demonstrated that TES - induced vasodilation was inhibited by scavenging peroxynitrite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dichlorofluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As predicted , TES enhanced the production of both peroxynitrite precursors ( i . e . , superoxide and nitic oxide ) , and xanthine oxidase was identified as the likely source of TES - stimulated superoxide production .", "entity": [{"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "nitic oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "xanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional and biochemical studies indicated that TES signaling involved activity of the phosphoinositide 3 ( PI3 ) kinase - protein kinase B ( Akt ) cascade initiated by activation of the androgen receptor and culminated in enhanced production of cGMP and microvascular vasodilation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings , derived from a variety of analytical and functional approaches , provide evidence for a novel nongenomic signaling mechanism for androgen action in the microvasculature : TES - stimulated vasodilation mediated primarily by peroxynitrite formed from xanthine oxidase - generated superoxide and NO .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 191]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 253]}, {"entity": "xanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 274]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 305]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This response was associated with activation of the PI3 kinase - Akt signaling cascade initiated by activation of the androgen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose this mechanism could account for TES - stimulated cGMP production in microvessels and , ultimately , vasodilation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ordered mesoporous boron - doped carbons as metal - free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron - doped carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ordered mesoporous boron - doped carbons ( BOMCs ) were prepared by co - impregnation and carbonization of sucrose and 4 - hydroxyphenylboronic acid into SBA - 15 silica template .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron - doped carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxyphenylboronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 148]}, {"entity": "SBA - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitrogen sorption , small angle X - ray diffraction ( XRD ) , and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) reveals that BOMCs possess highly ordered mesoporous structure , uniform pore size distribution , and high surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) analysis demonstrates that B atoms can be successfully doped into the framework of OMCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the desirable characteristics of BOMCs , BOMCs are highly active , cheap , and selective metal - free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction ( ORR ) in alkaline solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although B content is a key factor in determining ORR activity , the ORR activity of BOMCs is also dependent on the surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high surface area of BOMCs facilitates the exposure of the active sites for ORR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BOMCs may be further exploited as potentially efficient and inexpensive metal - free ORR catalysts with good long - term stability in alkaline solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated vaspin and leptin levels are associated with obesity in prepubertal Korean children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adipokines are associated with obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the relationships between adipokines , specifically vaspin , obesity , and obesity - related variables remain controversial , and only a few studies have been conducted which examines them in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the relationships between obesity in prepubertal Korean children and three types of adipokines : vaspin , leptin , and visfatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this cross - sectional study , 168 nine - year - old boys and 176 nine - year - old girls participated in a school - based health examination program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children were classified as overweight using the Korean Pediatric Society 2007 guidelines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overweight boys and girls had higher leptin and vaspin levels than both boys and girls of normal weight , whereas only overweight boys had higher visfatin levels than normal weight boys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leptin , visfatin and vaspin concentrations were correlated with obesity - related variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA - IR ) , leptin , and vaspin were associated with an increased risk of being overweight , whereas high - density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol was associated with a decreased risk of being overweight .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [339, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peginesatide clearance , distribution , metabolism , and excretion in monkeys following intravenous administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peginesatide , a polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) ylated peptide - based erythropoiesis - stimulating agent , stimulates the erythropoietin receptor dimer that governs erythropoiesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies were designed to determine the erythropoietic response , pharmacokinetics ( PK ) , tissue distribution , metabolism , and excretion of peginesatide in nonhuman primates following a single i . v . dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PK profile of peginesatide ( 0 . 1 - 5 mg / kg ) is characterized by low , dose - dependent plasma clearance ; small volume of distribution ; and long half - life .", "entity": [{"entity": "peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peginesatide PK profile following a single i . v . dose is consistent with the sustained erythropoiesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biodistribution quantitative whole - body autoradiography demonstrated high peginesatide levels in bone marrow ( i . e . , primary hematopoietic site ) as well as other known hematopoietic sites persisting through at least 3 weeks at 2 . 1 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microautoradiography analysis at 48 hours postdose revealed uniform and high distribution of radioactivity in the bone marrow and splenic red pulp with less extensive distribution in the renal cortex ( glomeruli , associated ducts , interstitial cells ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radioactivity in the kidney was most prominent in the outer medullary and papillary interstitium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 2 weeks after dosing , cumulative radioactivity recovery in the urine and feces was 60 and 7 % of the administered dose , respectively , with most of the radioactivity associated with the parent molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the PK characteristics are consistent with a PEGylated peptide of a 45 - kDa molecular mass , specifically low volume of distribution and long half - life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug was localized principally to hematopoietic sites , and nonspecific tissue retention was not observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nonhuman primate data indicate that peginesatide is metabolically stable and primarily excreted in the urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "peginesatide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of nicotine , its metabolites and tobacco extracts on human platelet function in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cardiovascular effects of smoking are probably multifactorial , including effects on platelets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous reports investigating the effects of nicotine and tobacco on platelet function are inconsistent .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated in vitro effects of nicotine , its major metabolites , tobacco extracts and extract of tobacco - free snuff on human platelets .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the metabolites cotinine , cotinine - N - oxide , nicotine - 1 ' - N - oxide or trans - 3 ' - hydroxycotinine ( 0 . 1 - 10 mu M ) affected platelet aggregation or P - selectin expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cotinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "cotinine - N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "nicotine - 1 ' - N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 84]}, {"entity": "trans - 3 ' - hydroxycotinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine ( 10 mu M ) weakly increased platelet aggregation , whereas trans - 3 ' - hydroxycotinine ( 0 . 1 mu M ) and nicotine - 1 ' - N - oxide ( 1 - 10 mu M ) weakly inhibited adhesion to fibrinogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "trans - 3 ' - hydroxycotinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 98]}, {"entity": "nicotine - 1 ' - N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the influence of other tobacco compounds , we investigated the impact of moist tobacco and smoke extracts on platelet function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Filtered extracts of oral snuff , cigarette smoke and tobacco free snuff inhibited platelet adhesion concentration - dependently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effects of tobacco extracts on platelet adhesion were independent of nicotine content and the nitric - oxide - pathway and not mediated through a platelet - nicotine - receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "nitric - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , tobacco extracts inhibit platelet activation during short - term in vitro challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As only limited effects of nicotine and nicotine metabolites were seen , the tobacco - induced platelet inhibition are likely induced by other compounds present in tobacco and tobacco free snuff .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Re - print of \" Intestinal luminal nitrogen metabolism : role of the gut microbiota and consequences for the host \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alimentary and endogenous proteins are mixed in the small intestinal lumen with the microbiota .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although experimental evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota is able to incorporate and degrade some of the available amino acids , it appears that the microbiota is also able to synthesize amino acids raising the view that amino acid exchange between the microbiota and host can proceed in both directions .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 211]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the net result of such exchanges remains to be determined , it is likely that a significant part of the amino acids recovered from the alimentary proteins are used by the microbiota .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the large intestine , where the density of bacteria is much higher than in the small intestine and the transit time much longer , the residual undigested luminal proteins and peptides can be degraded in amino acids by the microbiota .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These amino acids cannot be absorbed to a significant extent by the colonic epithelium , but are precursors for the synthesis of numerous metabolic end products in reactions made by the microbiota .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these products , some like short - chain fatty acids and organic acids are energy substrates for the colonic mucosa and several peripheral tissues while others like sulfide and ammonia can affect the energy metabolism of colonic epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More work is needed to clarify the overall effects of the intestinal microbiota on nitrogenous compound metabolism and consequences on gut and more generally host health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired in vitro erythropoiesis following deletion of the Scl ( Tal1 ) + 40 enhancer is largely compensated for in vivo despite a significant reduction in expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Scl ( Tal1 ) gene encodes a helix - loop - helix transcription factor essential for hematopoietic stem cell and erythroid development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Scl + 40 enhancer is situated downstream of Map17 , the 3 ' flanking gene of Scl , and is active in transgenic mice during primitive and definitive erythropoiesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To analyze the in vivo function of the Scl + 40 enhancer within the Scl / Map17 transcriptional domain , we deleted this element in the germ line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scl ( Delta 40 / Delta 40 ) mice were viable with reduced numbers of erythroid CFU in both bone marrow and spleen yet displayed a normal response to stress hematopoiesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of Scl ( Delta 40 / Delta 40 ) embryonic stem ( ES ) cells revealed impaired erythroid differentiation , which was accompanied by a failure to upregulate Scl when erythropoiesis was initiated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Map17 expression was also reduced in hematopoietic tissues and differentiating ES cells , and the Scl + 40 element was able to enhance activity of the Map17 promoter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only Scl but not Map17 could rescue the Scl ( Delta 40 / Delta 40 ) ES phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data demonstrate that the Scl + 40 enhancer is an erythroid cell - specific enhancer that regulates the expression of both Scl and Map17 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , deletion of the + 40 enhancer causes a novel erythroid phenotype , which can be rescued by ectopic expression of Scl but not Map17 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term physicochemical and immunological stability of a liquid formulated intact ovine immunoglobulin - based antivenom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An antivenom should be stable under the conditions that it will be both transferred and stored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus instability may lead to a loss of efficacy and an increased incidence and severity of adverse effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability is a particular problem in countries where the temperatures and humidity are high .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigate the stability of a liquid - formulated , intact ovine immunoglobulin - based antivenom , EchiTAbG (TM) , which is used extensively in Nigeria to treat envenoming by the West African saw - scaled viper , Echis ocellatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ampoules of antivenom were assessed as to their specific antibody content by small scale affinity chromatography and their purity by size exclusion gel filtration and turbidity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three different batches of the antivenom revealed no significant changes , using these assessment techniques , during 42 months storage at 4 degrees C or at ambient temperature , followed by one month at 37 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These real - time studies indicate that the antivenom remains stable for a minimum of 3 . 5 years and that it can be exposed to tropical temperatures without any loss in immunoglobulin binding activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This further highlights the clinical utility of liquid formulated ovine IgG antivenoms by demonstrating their retention of potency in the event of a short term failing in the cold chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous and experimental intoxication of cattle by Simarouba versicolor A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "St . - Hill ( Simaroubaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study describes an outbreak of Simarouba versicolor intoxication in cattle from Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil , and reproduces it experimentally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical signs of the affected animals were weakness , tremors , hind limbs incoordination , reluctance to move , sternal and lateral recumbency and death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main necropsy findings , observed in the abomasum and in segments of the small and large intestines , were diffuse redness and mucosal and serosal swelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination revealed necrosis of lymphoid tissues and necrotizing enterocolitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One experiment was carried out using 3 male calves to test the toxicity of a single dose of S . versicolor leaves at 15 g / kg , 5 g / kg and 2 . 5 g / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical signs , necropsy findings and histological examination of calves receiving 15 g / kg and 5 g / kg leaves were similar to those of cattle from the intoxication outbreak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calf fed 2 . 5 g / kg leaves developed clinical symptoms of poisoning and recovered naturally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second experiment , two male calves received daily administration of S . versicolor leaves at 1 . 5 g / kg and 2 . 5 g / kg for 10 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They developed clinical signs of intoxication within 24 h and recovered eight to nine days after the leaves were administered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that S . versicolor was responsible for the outbreak studied , although this plant does not have cumulative intoxication effects on cattle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective fragment potential method in Q - CHEM : A guide for users and developers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detailed description of the implementation of the effective fragment potential ( EFP ) method in the Q - CHEM electronic structure package is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Q - CHEM implementation interfaces EFP with standard quantum mechanical ( QM ) methods such as Hartree - Fock , density functional theory , perturbation theory , and coupled - cluster methods , as well as with methods for electronically excited and open - shell species , for example , configuration interaction , time - dependent density functional theory , and equation - of - motion coupled - cluster models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the QM / EFP functionality , a \" fragment - only \" feature is also available ( when the system is described by effective fragments only ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To aid further developments of the EFP methodology , a detailed description of the C + + classes and EFP module ' s workflow is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EFP input structure and EFP job options are described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assist setting up and performing EFP calculations , a collection of Perl service scripts is provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precomputed EFP parameters for standard fragments such as common solvents are stored in Q - CHEM ' s auxiliary library ; they can be easily invoked , similar to specifying standard basis sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The instructions for generating user - defined EFP parameters are given .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fragments positions can be specified by their center of mass coordinates and Euler angles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interface with the IQMOL and WEBMO software is also described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals , Inc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strategic applications of gene expression : from drug discovery / development to bedside .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression is useful for identifying the molecular signature of a disease and for correlating a pharmacodynamic marker with the dose - dependent cellular responses to exposure of a drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression offers utility to guide drug discovery by illustrating engagement of the desired cellular pathways / networks , as well as avoidance of acting on the toxicological pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successful employment of gene - expression signatures in the later stages of drug development depends on their linkage to clinically meaningful phenotypic characteristics and requires a biologically meaningful mechanism combined with a stringent statistical rigor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the success in clinical drug development is hinged on predefining the signature genes for their fitness for purposes of application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific examples are highlighted to illustrate the breadth and depth of the potential utility of gene - expression signatures in drug discovery and clinical development to targeted therapeutics at the bedside .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICA - 105574 interacts with a common binding site to elicit opposite effects on inactivation gating of EAG and ERG potassium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA - 105574", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid and voltage - dependent inactivation greatly attenuates outward currents in ether - a - go - go - related gene ( ERG ) K ( + ) channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , inactivation of related ether - a - go - go ( EAG ) K ( + ) channels is very slow and minimally reduces outward currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICA - 105574 ( ICA , or 3 - nitro - N - [ 4 - phenoxyphenyl ] - benzamide ) has opposite effects on inactivation of these two channel types .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA - 105574", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "3 - nitro - N - [ 4 - phenoxyphenyl ] - benzamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although ICA greatly attenuates ERG inactivation by shifting its voltage dependence to more positive potentials , it enhances the rate and extent of EAG inactivation without altering its voltage dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigate whether the inverse functional response to ICA in EAG and ERG channels is related to differences in ICA binding site or to intrinsic mechanisms of inactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling coupled with site - directed mutagenesis suggests that ICA binds in a channel - specific orientation to a hydrophobic pocket bounded by the S5 / pore helix / S6 of one subunit and S6 of an adjacent subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICA is a mixed agonist of mutant EAG and EAG / ERG chimera channels that inactivate by a combination of slow and fast mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the exception of three residues , the specific amino acids that form the putative binding pocket for ICA in ERG are conserved in EAG .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations introduced into EAG to replicate the ICA binding site in ERG did not alter the functional response to ICA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these findings suggest that ICA binds to the same site in EAG and ERG channels to elicit opposite functional effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant agonist or antagonist activity is determined solely by channel - specific differences in the mechanisms of inactivation gating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacology of L - DOPA - induced dyskinesia in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L - 3 , 4 - Dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L - DOPA ) remains the most effective symptomatic treatment of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - 3 , 4 - Dihydroxyphenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , long - term administration of L - DOPA is marred by the emergence of abnormal involuntary movements , i . e . , L - DOPA - induced dyskinesia ( LID ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Years of intensive research have yielded significant progress in the quest to elucidate the mechanisms leading to the development and expression of dyskinesia and maintenance of the dyskinetic state , but the search for a complete understanding is still ongoing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we summarize the current knowledge of the pharmacology of LID in PD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , we review evidence gathered from postmortem and pharmacological studies , both preclinical and clinical , and discuss the involvement of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic systems , including glutamatergic , opioid , serotonergic , gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) - ergic , adenosine , cannabinoid , adrenergic , histaminergic , and cholinergic systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 270]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 277]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we discuss changes occurring in transcription factors , intracellular signaling , and gene expression in the dyskinetic phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inasmuch as a multitude of neurotransmitters and receptors play a role in the etiology of dyskinesia , we propose that to optimally alleviate this motor complication , it may be necessary to develop combined treatment approaches that will target simultaneously more than one neurotransmitter system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This could be achieved via three ways as follows : 1 ) by developing compounds that will interact simultaneously to a multitude of receptors with the required agonist / antagonist effect at each target , 2 ) by targeting intracellular signaling cascades where the signals mediated by multiple receptors converge , and / or 3 ) to regulate gene expression in a manner that has effects on signaling by multiple pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the outside that counts : chemical and physical control of dynamic surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials capable of dynamically controlling surface chemistry and topography are highly desirable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have designed a system that is uniquely able to remotely control the presented functionality and geometry at a given time by using a functionalizable shape memory material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was accomplished by incorporating controlled amounts of an azide - containing monomer into a shape memory polymeric material .", "entity": [{"entity": "azide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These materials are capable of physically changing surface geometry over a broad range of length scales from > 1 mm to 100 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using copper - assisted click chemistry , they can be functionalized with a variety of molecules to yield different surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining these features gave materials that can change both the presented geometry and functionality at tunable transition temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of a novel bioerodible dexamethasone implant for uveitis and postoperative cataract inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delivery of anti - inflammatory steroids concurrently to both anterior and posterior segments of the eye is a challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anterior ocular structures limit topical delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection can be disproportionately and repeatedly invasive and selective for only one ocular hemisphere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed a novel implant that can compensate for the limited conveyance of topical medicine and reduce the repetitive invasiveness of injection from the capsular bag allowing dexamethasone ( DXM ) delivery to both the anterior and posterior chambers .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "DXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To establish proof of concept , microparticles were prepared with PLGA [ poly ( d , l - lactide - co - glycolide ) , 50 : 50 , MW . 7000 - 17000 ] , hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ( HPMC ) , and DXM by oil - in - water emulsion / solvent evaporation technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "poly ( d , l - lactide - co - glycolide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 114]}, {"entity": "hydroxypropyl methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 169]}, {"entity": "DXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zeatsizer Nano and SEM ( scanning electron microscopy ) results showed microspheres in the range of 8 +/- 1 micro m .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The target load of DXM in the microparticles was ~ 20 . 0 % with a % recovery of 99 . 9 % ( w / w ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose related pharmacokinetics with near zero order kinetics was observed for up to 6 weeks in rabbits with intracapsular bag implants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DXM flow was bidirectional from the endocapsular space and significant concentrations were found in the anterior and posterior chambers after up to 6 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "DXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas , with topical drops the exposure was minimal in all the ocular tissues with greater systemic exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraocular pressure was normal in all of the study groups ; slit lamp biomicroscopy examinations revealed that no cells or fibrin formation in the anterior and posterior chamber with implants but flare , cells and fibrin was present in the topical drops group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination revealed normal tissues and no signs of inflammation in all the groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implant did not migrate to the center of the eye or obstruct the visual axis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We believe these findings demonstrate the feasibility of drug delivery from the capsular bag to the anterior and posterior segments effectively compared to topical alternatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meta - analysis of telomere length in 19 713 subjects reveals high heritability , stronger maternal inheritance and a paternal age effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Telomere length ( TL ) has been associated with aging and mortality , but individual differences are also influenced by genetic factors , with previous studies reporting heritability estimates ranging from 34 to 82 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigate the heritability , mode of inheritance and the influence of parental age at birth on TL in six large , independent cohort studies with a total of 19 713 participants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meta - analysis estimate of TL heritability was 0 . 70 ( 95 % CI 0 . 64 - 0 . 76 ) and is based on a pattern of results that is highly similar for twins and other family members .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed a stronger mother - offspring ( r = 0 . 42 ; P - value = 3 . 60 x 10 ( - 61 ) ) than father - offspring correlation ( r = 0 . 33 ; P - value = 7 . 01 x 10 ( - 5 ) ) , and a significant positive association with paternal age at offspring birth ( beta = 0 . 005 ; P - value = 7 . 01 x 10 ( - 5 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , a significant and quite substantial correlation in TL between spouses ( r = 0 . 25 ; P - value = 2 . 82 x 10 ( - 30 ) ) was seen , which appeared stronger in older spouse pairs ( mean age >= 55 years ; r = 0 . 31 ; P - value = 4 . 27 x 10 ( - 23 ) ) than in younger pairs ( mean age < 55 years ; r = 0 . 20 ; P - value = 3 . 24 x 10 ( - 10 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , we find a high and very consistent heritability estimate for TL , evidence for a maternal inheritance component and a positive association with paternal age . European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication , 16 January 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / ejhg . 2012 . 303 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine has greater potency and efficacy than theophylline to reverse the motor impairment caused by chronic but not acute interruption of striatal dopaminergic transmission in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to assess whether caffeine and theophylline have the same potency and efficacy to reverse the impairment of motor function caused by acute or chronic interruption of striatal dopamine transmission , a comparison of their dose - response relationship was made in the acute model of haloperidol - induced catalepsy , and the chronic model of unilateral lesion of the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway with 6 - hydroxydopamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 301]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [374, 382]}, {"entity": "6 - hydroxydopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [410, 429]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At equimolar doses , both drugs reduced catalepsy intensity and increased its onset latency in a dose - dependent fashion , showing comparable potencies and attaining the maximal effect at similar doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalepsy intensity : caffeine ED50 = 24 . 1 mu mol / kg [ 95 % CI , 18 . 4 - 31 . 5 ] ; theophylline ED50 = 22 . 0 mu mol / kg [ 95 % CI , 17 . 0 - 28 . 4 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalepsy latency : caffeine ED50 = 27 . 0 mu mol / kg [ 95 % CI , 21 . 1 - 34 . 6 ] ; theophylline ED50 = 28 . 8 mu mol / kg [ 95 % CI , 22 . 5 - 36 . 7 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one group of hemiparkinsonian rats ( n = 5 ) , caffeine caused a dose - dependent recovery of the contralateral forepaw stepping : ED50 = 2 . 4 mu mol / kg / day [ 95 % CI , 1 . 9 - 3 . 1 ] ) , reaching its maximum at the dose of 5 . 15 mu mol / kg / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the treatment of these same rats was switched to 5 . 15 mu mol / kg / day of theophylline , the stepping recovery was only 51 +/- 12 % of that induced by caffeine .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessing the dose - response relationship of theophylline in another group of hemiparkinsonian rats ( n = 7 ) revealed that it caused stepping recovery in an all - or - none fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the three lower doses had no effect , but at the dose of 5 . 15 mu mol / kg / day theophylline suddenly increased the stepping to 56 +/- 5 % of the maximal effect observed when the treatment of these same rats was switched to an equimolar dose of caffeine .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the dose of theophylline up to 15 . 45 mu mol / kg / day caused no further stepping improvement since it was only 41 +/- 6 % of the maximal effect produced by caffeine at the dose of 5 . 15 mu mol / kg / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that theophylline showed less potency and efficacy than caffeine to reverse the motor impairment caused by chronic , but not acute , interruption of striatal dopaminergic transmission in rats , it is suggested that caffeine would provide more benefits than theophylline to improve the motor function in patients with Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 229]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic present in the soil - vine - wine chain in vineyards situated in an old mining area in Trentino , Italy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study follows arsenic ( As ) transfer through the chain of soil - vine - leaves - grapes - wine to assess the possible risk of arsenic intake related to consuming grapes and wines produced in 10 vineyards located in a mining area rich in this element .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results are compared with date from 18 uncontaminated areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the soil , the content of As extracted with acqua regia and that extracted with ammonium acetate , were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "ammonium acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leaves and berries were analyzed after washing with acidified aqueous solution and acid mineralization in a closed vessel , whereas wines were simply diluted before analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All analyses were performed using an inductively coupled plasma mass - spectrometer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aqua regia extractable As concentration in soil ranged from 3 . 7 to 283 mg / kg , whereas available As varied from 18 to 639 micro g / kg , and As total concentration ranged from 16 . 3 to 579 micro g / kg dry weight in leaves and from < 0 . 1 to 36 . 8 micro g / kg dry weight in grapes .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic levels in wines were always below 1 . 62 micro g / L , with higher concentration in red wines than in white wines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant and positive correlations between the As concentrations in soils , leaves , and berries are highlighted , with the samples collected near the mining area having significantly higher values .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , As levels in wines were always well below the limit ( 200 micro g / L ) suggested by the International Organization of Vine and Wine .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced Blood Leukocyte and Neutrophil Numbers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very little is known about the role of the innate immune system in the course of human type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we investigated neutrophil numbers along with other leukocyte populations in patients at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and during prediabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete and differential blood counts were analyzed from 107 adult patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes , 21 children with persistent islet autoantibodies and a family history of type 1 diabetes , and 1 238 age and gender matched control subjects , all individuals without any signs of acute infection . Adult patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes had significantly lower total WBC ( p < 1 x 10 - 6 ) , neutrophil ( p < 1 x 10 - 6 ) , basophil ( p < 1 x 10 - 6 ) , monocyte ( p = 4 x 10 - 6 ) and lymphocyte ( p < 1 x 10 - 6 ) counts compared to control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erythrocyte , eosinophil and platelet counts did not differ between groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , children with persistent islet autoantibodies had decreased WBC ( p = 0 . 001 ) , neutrophils ( p = 0 . 003 ) , and lymphocytes ( p = 0 . 006 ) in comparison to control children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings demonstrate a perturbation of leukocyte homeostasis at and prior to onset of type 1 diabetes suggesting a general involvement of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genome - wide siRNA screen reveals positive and negative regulators of the NOD2 and NF - kappa B signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytoplasmic receptor NOD2 ( nucleotide - binding oligomerization domain 2 ) senses peptidoglycan fragments and triggers host defense pathways , including activation of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) signaling , which lead to inflammatory immune responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysregulation of NOD2 signaling is associated with inflammatory diseases , such as Crohn ' s disease and Blau syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a genome - wide small interfering RNA screen to identify regulators of the NOD2 signaling pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several genes associated with Crohn ' s disease risk were identified in the screen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of candidates from this screen with other \" omics \" data sets revealed interconnected networks of genes implicated in NF - kappa B signaling , thus supporting a role for NOD2 and NF - kappa B pathways in the pathogenesis of Crohn ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these regulators were validated in secondary assays , such as measurement of interleukin - 8 secretion , which is partially dependent on NF - kappa B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of putative regulators in human embryonic kidney 293 cells followed by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor - alpha revealed that most of the genes identified were general regulators of NF - kappa B signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the genes identified here provide a resource to facilitate the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NOD2 - and NF - kappa B - mediated inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning and functional characterization of the pig ( Sus scrofa ) organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion transporting polypeptides ( OATPs ) are a family of transporter proteins that have been extensively recognized as key determinants of absorption , distribution , metabolism and excretion of various drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human OATP1A2 has been demonstrated to transport wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study on OATP1A2 orthologues of other species , however , is still limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we described the cloning and functional characterization of a member of the OATP / Oatp family member obtained from pig ( Sus scrofa ) liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis suggested that it has a high homology with human OATP1A2 and bovine Oatp1a2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prototypic substrates estrone - 3 - sulfate ( E - 3 - S ) and taurocholic acid were transported by the protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 43]}, {"entity": "E - 3 - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "taurocholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transport of these two substrates is pH - dependent , with lower pH showing higher uptake function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic study showed the transport of these two substrates have a K ( m ) of 42 . 5 +/- 12 . 1 and 33 . 1 +/- 8 . 7 micro M , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pig Slco1a2 has the highest expression level in the liver , and to a less extend in the brain and small intestine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , an OATP member was cloned from pig liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis and phylogenic study revealed it as an orthologue of human OATP1A2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its kinetic characteristic for prototypic substrates and organ distribution are similar with that of OATP1A2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folic acid modified cationic gamma - cyclodextrin - oligoethylenimine star polymer with bioreducible disulfide linker for efficient targeted gene delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "gamma - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "oligoethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For an efficient folate - targeted delivery , while the interaction between the folate on the carriers and the folate receptor ( FR ) on the cells is necessary , the recovering and recycling of FR to maintain a high density level of FR on the cellular membrane is also important .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we demonstrate a design and synthesis of a new star - shaped cationic polymer containing a gamma - cyclodextrin ( gamma - CD ) core and multiple oligoethylenimine ( OEI ) arms with folic acid ( FA ) linked by a bioreducible disulfide bond for efficient targeted gene delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 120]}, {"entity": "gamma - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "oligoethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 171]}, {"entity": "OEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly synthesized cationic polymer , named gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA , could be cleaved efficiently , and FA was readily released under reductive condition similar to intracellular environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA polymer was well - characterized and studied in terms of its gene delivery properties in FR - positive KB cells and FR - negative A549 cells under various conditions , in comparison with cationic polymers such as high molecular weight branched polyethylenimine ( PEI ) , gamma - CD - OEI star - shaped cationic polymer , gamma - CD - OEI - FA polymer where FA was directed linked to the star polymer without disulfide linker .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 291]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 297]}, {"entity": "gamma - CD - OEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 318]}, {"entity": "gamma - CD - OEI - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 373]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [439, 448]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data have demonstrated that the new gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA gene carrier had low cytotoxicity and possessed capacity to target and deliver DNA to specific tumor cells that overexpress FRs , as well as functions to recover and recycle FRs onto cellular membranes to facilitate continuous FR - mediated endocytosis to achieve very high levels of gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - CD - OEI - SS - FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study has expanded the strategy of FA - targeted delivery by combining the smart FR - recycling function to achieve the significant enhancement of gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new FA - targeted and bioreducible carrier may be a promising efficient gene delivery system for potential cancer gene therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum kirinense .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diterpenoid alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new C ( 18 ) - diterpenoid alkaloid , kirinenine A ( 1 ) , was isolated from the root of Aconitum kirinense , along with eight known diterpenoid alkaloids .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 18 ) - diterpenoid alkaloid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "kirinenine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "diterpenoid alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of all compounds were characterized on the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses and by comparison with literature values , and the new one was further confirmed by X - ray crystallographic diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the compounds were isolated from the title plant for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new compound from liquid fermentation broth of Armillaria mellea and the determination of its absolute configuration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new 2 , 5 - diketopiperazine , ( R ) - 2 - ( 2 - ( furan - 2 - yl ) - oxoethyl ) - octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine - 1 , 4 - dione , and seven known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of liquid fermentation broth of Armillaria mellea .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - diketopiperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 30]}, {"entity": "( R ) - 2 - ( 2 - ( furan - 2 - yl ) - oxoethyl ) - octahydropyrrolo [ 1 , 2 - a ] pyrazine - 1 , 4 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 140]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the isolated compounds were established from NMR and HR - MS data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute configuration of the new compound was established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism ( ECD ) spectrum with the calculated ECD data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissecting single - molecule signal transduction in carbon nanotube circuits with protein engineering .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - molecule experimental methods have provided new insights into biomolecular function , dynamic disorder , and transient states that are all invisible to conventional measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel , nonfluorescent single - molecule technique involves attaching single molecules to single - walled carbon nanotube field - effective transistors ( SWNT FETs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ultrasensitive electronic devices provide long - duration , label - free monitoring of biomolecules and their dynamic motions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , generalization of the SWNT FET technique first requires design rules that can predict the success and applicability of these devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report on the transduction mechanism linking enzymatic processivity to electrical signal generation by a SWNT FET .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction between SWNT FETs and the enzyme lysozyme was systematically dissected using eight different lysozyme variants synthesized by protein engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data prove that effective signal generation can be accomplished using a single charged amino acid , when appropriately located , providing a foundation to widely apply SWNT FET sensitivity to other biomolecular systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new di - O - prenylated flavone from an actinomycete Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "di - O - prenylated flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA - 12 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new di - O - prenylated flavone , named 7 , 3 ' - di - ( gamma , gamma - dimethylallyloxy ) - 5 - hydroxy - 4 ' - methoxyflavone ( 1 ) , was isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic actinomycete Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "di - O - prenylated flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 33]}, {"entity": "7 , 3 ' - di - ( gamma , gamma - dimethylallyloxy ) - 5 - hydroxy - 4 ' - methoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA - 12 isolated from the root of the semi - mangrove plant Myoporum bontioides A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gray .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of 1 was determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods , including 1D and 2D NMR experiments ( COSY , HMQC , and HMBC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary bioassays showed that 1 at concentration of 0 . 25 mM had moderate inhibitory activity against three plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum musae , Gibberella zeae ( Schweinitz ) Petch , and Penicillium citrinum Thom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New tetraterpene glycosides from the fruits of Lycium chinense .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraterpene glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new compounds lyciumtetraterpenic hexaarabinoside ( 1 ) and tetraterpenyl hexaarabinoside ( 2 ) , along with two known compounds , were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruits of Lycium chinense Miller ( Solanaceae ) , and their structures have been elucidated as 6 - ( 1 , 1 , 5 - trimethyl - 5 alpha - hydroxycyclohexanyl ) - 6 ' - ( 1 ' , 1 ' , 5 ' - trimethyl - 2 ' beta - hydroxycyclohexanyl ) - 9 , 13 , 9 ' , 13 ' - tetramethyloctadec - 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 7 ' , 9 ' , 11 ' , 13 ' - nonene - 5 alpha - D - arabinopyranosyl ( 2a --> 1b ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2b --> 1c ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - 2 ' - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2d --> 1e ) - alpha - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2e --> 1f ) - alpha - D - arabinopyranoside ( 1 ) and 1 ( 6 ) , 11 ( 12 ) , 13 ( 14 ) , 1 ' ( 6 ' ) , 11 ' ( 12 ' ) , 13 ' ( 14 ' ) - dodecahydro - beta - caroten - 4 beta , 4 ' beta - diol - 4 beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2a --> 1b ) - beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2b --> 1c ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosido - 4 ' beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2d --> 1e ) - beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2e --> 1f ) - beta - D - arabinopyranoside ( 2 ) on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "lyciumtetraterpenic hexaarabinoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 53]}, {"entity": "tetraterpenyl hexaarabinoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 93]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "6 - ( 1 , 1 , 5 - trimethyl - 5 alpha - hydroxycyclohexanyl ) - 6 ' - ( 1 ' , 1 ' , 5 ' - trimethyl - 2 ' beta - hydroxycyclohexanyl ) - 9 , 13 , 9 ' , 13 ' - tetramethyloctadec - 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 7 ' , 9 ' , 11 ' , 13 ' - nonene - 5 alpha - D - arabinopyranosyl ( 2a --> 1b ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2b --> 1c ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - 2 ' - beta - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2d --> 1e ) - alpha - D - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2e --> 1f ) - alpha - D - arabinopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 766]}, {"entity": "1 ( 6 ) , 11 ( 12 ) , 13 ( 14 ) , 1 ' ( 6 ' ) , 11 ' ( 12 ' ) , 13 ' ( 14 ' ) - dodecahydro - beta - caroten - 4 beta , 4 ' beta - diol - 4 beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2a --> 1b ) - beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2b --> 1c ) - beta - D - arabinopyranosido - 4 ' beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2d --> 1e ) - beta - L - arabinopyranosyl - ( 2e --> 1f ) - beta - D - arabinopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [777, 1164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of novel tricyclic CRTh2 receptor antagonists from a ( E ) - 2 - cyano - 3 - ( 1H - indol - 3 - yl ) acrylamide scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "( E ) - 2 - cyano - 3 - ( 1H - indol - 3 - yl ) acrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( E ) - 2 - ( 3 - ( 3 - ( ( 3 - Bromophenyl ) amino ) - 2 - cyano - 3 - oxoprop - 1 - en - 1 - yl ) - 1H - indol - 1 - yl ) acetic acid ( 1 ) was discovered in a HTS campaign for CRTh2 receptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "( E ) - 2 - ( 3 - ( 3 - ( ( 3 - Bromophenyl ) amino ) - 2 - cyano - 3 - oxoprop - 1 - en - 1 - yl ) - 1H - indol - 1 - yl ) acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An SAR around this hit could be established and representatives with interesting activity profiles were obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ring closing tactics to convert this hit series into a novel 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 - tetrahydro - 1H - pyrido [ 4 , 3 - b ] indole based CRTh2 receptor antagonist series is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 4 , 5 - tetrahydro - 1H - pyrido [ 4 , 3 - b ] indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic association study of WNT10B polymorphisms with BMD and adiposity parameters in Danish and Belgian males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the importance of the Wnt pathway in the development and maintenance of both adipose and bone tissue , we wanted to evaluate the involvement of WNT10B , a Wnt pathway activator , in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic association between WNT10B polymorphisms and adiposity parameters as well as bone mineral density ( BMD ) measurements was analysed in two independent populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first is a population of 1 , 228 Danish men ( 702 aged 20 - 29 years ; 532 aged 60 - 74 years ) from the Odense Androgen Study ( OAS ) , which was designed as a cross - sectional , population - based study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second population , called SIBLOS , includes 922 Belgian men ( 34 +/- 5 years old ) and contains siblings selected from over 500 families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four tagSNPs ( rs833840 , rs833841 , rs10875902 and rs4018511 ) that capture variation of ten SNPs ( MAF > 5 % ) in a 15 . 2 kb region spanning the WNT10B gene and its flanking regions were genotyped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no association with body mass index was found , we found all tagSNPs to be associated with BMD parameters ( BMD whole body , total hip and femoral neck ) and height in the OAS population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of rs10875902 was most prominent ( nominal p = 0 . 012 ) and confirmed a previously shown negative effect on BMD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant associations were observed in the SIBLOS population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , no association between WNT10B polymorphisms and adiposity parameters was found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , our results clearly illustrate a role for WNT10B variants in determining human BMD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of WNT10B polymorphisms on height should be evaluated in additional populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 - HT1D / 1B receptor agonist sumatriptan enhances fear of simulated speaking and reduces plasma levels of prolactin .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study measured the effects of the preferential 5 - HT1D / 1B receptor agonist sumatriptan in healthy volunteers who performed the Simulated Public Speaking Test ( SPST ) , which recruits the neural network involved in panic disorder and social anxiety disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a double - blind , randomised experiment , 36 males received placebo ( 12 ) , 50 mg ( 12 ) or 100 mg ( 12 ) of sumatriptan 2 h before the SPST .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjective , physiological and hormonal measures were taken before , during and after the test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose of 100 mg of sumatriptan increased speech - induced fear more than either a 50mg dose of the drug or placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest dose of sumatriptan also enhanced vigilance more than placebo , without any change in blood pressure , heart rate or electrical skin conductance .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sumatriptan decreased plasma levels of prolactin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant but moderate increase in plasma cortisol after SPST occurred , independent of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because sumatriptan decreases 5 - HT release into the extracellular space , the potentiation of SPST - induced fear caused by the drug supports the hypothesis that 5 - HT attenuates this emotional state .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As acute administration of antidepressants has also been shown to enhance speaking fear and increase plasma prolactin , in contrast to sumatriptan , the 5 - HT regulation of stress - hormone release is likely to be different from that of emotion .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increases in triglyceride levels are associated with clinical response to clozapine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increases in serum triglyceride ( TG ) levels are associated with clinical response to clozapine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clozapine is the most efficacious therapy for treatment of refractory schizophrenia , although its use is well recognised to be associated with substantial metabolic dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , there is some evidence that the therapeutic benefit of clozapine is associated with treatment - emergent weight gain and dyslipidaemia , specifically hypertriglyceridaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this prospective observational study , we examine associations between therapeutic response to clozapine in 49 patients with treatment - resistant schizophrenia and lipid dysregulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in TG levels was strongly predictive of clinical improvement ( B = 9 . 33 , t = 3 . 56 , df = 4 , p < 0 . 001 ) and of improvement in positive PANSS scores ( B = 2 . 85 , t = 3 . 61 , df = 4 , p = 0 . 001 ) as well as negative PANSS scores ( B = 1 . 93 , t = 2 . 36 , df = 4 , p = 0 . 02 ) , when controlling for potential confounds of weight gain , change in waist circumference , baseline antipsychotic polypharmacy and serum clozapine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [440, 449]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding suggests that clozapine ' s therapeutic efficacy is linked to serum lipid changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertriglyceridaemia as a predictor of clinical response in patients treated with clozapine merits further investigation in order to better elucidate its effect on the pharmacological activity of clozapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of some new quinazolin - 4 - ( 3H ) - ones as anticonvulsant and antidepressant agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinazolin - 4 - ( 3H ) - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 3 - [ ( 4 - substituted - benzylidene ) - amino ] - 2 - phenyl - 3H - quinazolin - 4 - ones ( 5a - k ) were synthesized by reacting 3 - amino - 2 - phenyl - 1H - quinazolin - 4 - one with p - hydroxybenzaldehyde , and then further with various alkyl / benzyl halides or substituted phenacyl bromides .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - [ ( 4 - substituted - benzylidene ) - amino ] - 2 - phenyl - 3H - quinazolin - 4 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 103]}, {"entity": "3 - amino - 2 - phenyl - 1H - quinazolin - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 194]}, {"entity": "p - hydroxybenzaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 223]}, {"entity": "alkyl / benzyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 278]}, {"entity": "phenacyl bromides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR , NMR , MS and elemental analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticonvulsant activities were evaluated using the MES and scPTZ tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the selected compounds were evaluated for antidepressant activity by forced swim pool test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 3 - [ ( 4 - butoxy - benzylidene ) - amino ] - 2 - phenyl - 3H - quinazolin - 4 - one was emerged as the most promising anticonvulsant agent without any motor impairment effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - [ ( 4 - butoxy - benzylidene ) - amino ] - 2 - phenyl - 3H - quinazolin - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The whole brain GABA estimation of brain homogenate indicated that the anticonvulsant activity of above mentioned quinazolinone derivatives might be due to an increased GABA concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "quinazolinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An autonomous chromatin / DNA - PK mechanism for localized DNA damage signaling in mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX proximal to DNA breaks is an initiating event and a hallmark of eukaryotic DNA damage responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three mammalian kinases are known to phosphorylate H2AX in response to DNA damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism ( s ) for damage - localized phosphorylation remains incompletely understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA - dependent protein kinase ( DNA - PK ) is the most abundant H2AX - modifying kinases and uniquely activated by binding DNA termini .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have developed a novel approach to examine enzyme activity and substrate properties by executing biochemical assays on intact cellular structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We apply this approach to examine the mechanisms of localized protein modification in chromatin within fixed cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA - PK retains substrate specificity and independently generates break - localized gamma H2AX foci in chromatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ DNA - PK activity recapitulates localization and intensity of in vivo H2AX phosphorylation and requires no active cellular processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclease treatments or addition of exogenous DNA resulted in genome - wide H2AX phosphorylation , showing that DNA termini dictated the locality of H2AX phosphorylation in situ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA - PK also reconstituted focal phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromatin protein 1 , but not activating transcription factor 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allosteric regulation of DNA - PK by DNA termini protruding from chromatin constitutes an autonomous mechanism for break - localized protein phosphorylation that generates sub - nuclear foci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss generalized implications of this mechanism in localizing mammalian DNA damage responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of a Routh - Russel deformation map to achieve film formation of a latex with a high glass transition temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the film formation of latex , particle deformation can occur by processes of wet sintering , dry sintering , or capillary action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When latex films dry nonuniformly and when particles deform and coalesce while the film is still wet , a detrimental skin layer will develop at the film surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their process model , Routh and Russel proposed that the operative particle deformation mechanism can be determined by the values of control parameters on a deformation map .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the film formation processes of three methyl methacrylate / butyl acrylate copolymer latexes with high glass transition temperatures ( T ( g ) ) , ranging from 45 to 64 degrees C , have been studied when heated by infrared radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "butyl acrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adjusting the infrared ( IR ) power density enables the film temperature , polymer viscosity , and evaporation rate during latex film formation to be controlled precisely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different polymer particle deformation mechanisms have been demonstrated for the same latex under a variety of film formation process conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the temperature is too high , a skin layer develops .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , when the temperature is too low , particles deform by dry sintering , and the process requires extended time periods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced mechanisms can be interpreted and explained by the Routh - Russel deformation maps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film formation of hard ( high T ( g ) ) coatings is achieved without using coalescing aids that emit volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) , which is a significant technical achievement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic Domains in Polymersomes : Mixtures of Polyanionic and Neutral Diblocks Respond More Rapidly to Changes in Calcium than to pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical triggering of membrane domain dynamics is of broad relevance to cell signaling through lipid bilayers and might also be exploited in application of phase - separated vesicles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the morphodynamics and remixing kinetics of spotted polymersomes made with mixtures of polyanionic and neutral amphiphiles plus calcium .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of the calcium chelator EDTA to vesicle dispersions produced a decrease in domain size within minutes , whereas increasing the pH with NaOH led to the viscous fingering of domains and decreased domain size over hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "NaOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the latter suggests that the charge of the polyanion contributes to domain formation , the remixing of more negative chains at high pH is surprising .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domain roughening at high pH is also accelerated by EDTA , which highlights the dominance of cross - bridging .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , even though vesicles were perturbed only externally , the inner and outer leaflets remain coupled throughout , consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and suggestive of an order - disorder transition that underlies the remixing kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of CH ( 3 ) NO ( 2 ) Decomposition via Roaming Mediated Isomerization Using a Global Potential Energy Surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH ( 3 ) NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a global potential energy surface ( PES ) for CH ( 3 ) NO ( 2 ) based on fitting roughly 114 000 density functional theory ( UB3LYP / 6 - 311 + g ( d , p ) ) electronic energies .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH ( 3 ) NO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PES is a precise , permutationally invariant fit to these energies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Properties of the PES are described , as are some preliminary quasiclassical trajectory calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An isomerization - roaming pathway to the CH ( 3 ) ONO isomer and then to the CH ( 3 ) O + NO products is found .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH ( 3 ) ONO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "CH ( 3 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the pathway occurs at larger distances than a related loose saddle - point on the PES , the pathway supports the supposition of such a pathway based on locating a loose first - order saddle point and associated IRC , reported previously by Zhu and Lin [ Zhu , R . S . and Lin , M . C . Chem . Phys . Lett . 2009 , 478 , 11 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective inhibition of extracellular thioredoxin by asymmetric disulfides .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas the role of mammalian thioredoxin ( Trx ) as an intracellular protein cofactor is widely appreciated , its function in the extracellular environment is not well - understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only few extracellular targets of Trx - mediated thiol - disulfide exchange are known .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiol - disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , Trx activates extracellular transglutaminase 2 ( TG2 ) via reduction of an intramolecular disulfide bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because hyperactive TG2 is thought to play a role in various diseases , understanding the biological role of extracellular Trx may provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting from a clinical - stage asymmetric disulfide lead , we have identified analogs with > 100 - fold specificity for Trx .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - activity relationship and computational docking model analyses have provided insights into the features important for enhancing potency and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active compound identified had an IC ( 50 ) below 0 . 1 mu M in cell culture and may be appropriate for in vivo use to interrogate the role of extracellular Trx in health and disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invasive lobular carcinoma stable for 4 . 5 years in a postmenopausal woman user of hormone therapy for 25 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a case of a 72 - year - old woman referred to the breast disorder service due to abnormalities on mammography and breast ultrasound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient reported using different hormone therapy ( HT ) formulations during 25 years and had stopped taking HT for 4 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical examination showed no alterations in the breasts or axilla .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammography from 2012 detected asymmetry at the 3 o ' clock position in the anterior right breast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasound revealed an irregular , hypoechoic mass with indistinct margins , and posterior acoustic shadowing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective analysis of mammographies from 2007 , 2009 and 2010 showed that a very subtle asymmetry had existed since 2007 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow - up imaging demonstrated no change in asymmetry during 4 . 5 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient underwent breast - conserving therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathologic examination demonstrated classic invasive lobular carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no sentinel node metastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient received radiotherapy and endrocrine therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case demonstrates that breast cancer may remain stable and not grow for many years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This aspect should be kept in mind by all professionals dealing with women ' s healthcare , in particular HT users who may develop breast cancer with a less aggressive behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any suspicious finding on mammography , despite being unchanged for a number of years , must be investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and norlignans from fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "norlignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans , marlignans M - S ( 1 - 7 ) , four new norlignans , marphenols C - F ( 8 - 11 ) , and 21 known compounds ( 12 - 32 ) were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana .", "entity": [{"entity": "dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 39]}, {"entity": "marlignans M - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "norlignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "marphenols C - F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of 1 - 11 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D - and 2D - NMR techniques and CD experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 11 were evaluated for their anti - HIV activities and showed EC ( 50 ) values in the range 2 . 97 - 6 . 18 mu g / mL and therapeutic index values of 5 . 33 - 29 . 13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acutely administered antipsychotic drugs are highly selective for dopamine D2 over D3 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed previously , using [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - 4 - propyl - 9 - hydroxynaphthoxazine ( [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO ) autoradiography , that several antipsychotic drugs do not occupy dopamine D3 receptors at clinically - relevant doses in rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - 4 - propyl - 9 - hydroxynaphthoxazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 88]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 117]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an unexpected finding considering the near - equivalent in vitro affinity of these drugs for D2 and D3 receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the current study was to address two possible methodological limitations of our previous report , namely that ( 1 ) [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO may have been administered at non - tracer dose , potentially causing underestimate of D3 receptor occupancy , and ( 2 ) antipsychotic drugs were administered chronically , potentially causing increased D3 receptor expression not accounted for in the vehicle - treated control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that decreasing [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO dose from 5 . 6nmol / kg ( our previous dose ) to 0 . 6nmol / kg caused a > 60 % increase in [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO binding to D3 receptors in cerebellar lobes 9 and 10 , indicating that our previous study was indeed conducted under non - tracer dose conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 51]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , neither reducing [ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO dose further to 0 . 3nmol / kg ( a tracer dose ) , nor administering antipsychotics acutely affected antipsychotic receptor occupancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] - ( + ) - PHNO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At clinically - relevant levels of D2 occupancy ( 57 - 82 % inhibition of striatal binding ) , neither olanzapine nor haloperidol occupied D3 receptors , while clozapine occupied D3 receptors at levels similar to our previous report ( 33 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risperidone moderately occupied D3 receptors ( 40 % ) , but at a dose occupying > 90 % of D2 receptors and therefore of questionable clinical relevance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate that the lack of antipsychotic occupancy of D3 receptors is not attributable to limitations of our previous study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that D3 receptor blockade is not necessary for the therapeutic effects of the antipsychotic drugs examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lifestyle and osteoporosis in middle - aged and elderly women : Chiba bone survey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteoporosis causes an enormous health and economic impact in Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the relation between lifestyle and bone fracture in middle - aged and elderly women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was a population - based , multicenter , cross - sectional survey for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chiba City , Japan ( Chiba bone survey ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This survey included 64 , 809 Japanese women aged > 40 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All participants underwent anthropometric measurements including bone mineral density ( BMD ) and completed a structured , nurse - assisted , self - administered questionnaire also including patient lifestyle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone fracture during the recent 5 years was observed in 5 . 3 % , and the fracture group had significantly higher age , BMI , and number of births , family histories of kyphosis and hip fracture , diabetes mellitus ( DM ) , dyslipidemia , kidney disease , exercise , fall , and osteoporosis , and had significantly lower BMD and proportion of menstruating participants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logistic regression analysis revealed that bone fracture was closely associated with not only low bone mass but also age , fall , family histories of kyphosis and hip fracture , DM , kidney disease , menopause , and lifestyle factors of dieting , exercise , and alcohol .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women ' s health care focusing on lifestyle - related fracture risks such as dieting , exercise , and alcohol appears necessary to prevent bone fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transport by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 enhances the cytotoxicity of epigallocatechin 3 - O - gallate and several quercetin derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigallocatechin 3 - O - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 94]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion transporting polypeptides ( OATPs ) 1B1 and 1B3 are transporters that are expressed selectively in human hepatocytes under normal conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OATP1B3 is also expressed in certain cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids such as green tea catechins and quercetin glycosides have been shown to modulate the function of some OATPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "quercetin glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the extent to which six substituted quercetin derivatives ( 1 - 6 ) affected the function of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of the radiolabeled model substrates estradiol 17 beta - glucuronide , estrone 3 - sulfate , and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( DHEAS ) was determined in the absence and presence of compounds 1 - 6 using Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells stably expressing either OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol 17 beta - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 75]}, {"entity": "estrone 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 97]}, {"entity": "dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 134]}, {"entity": "DHEAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of compounds 1 - 6 inhibited OATP - mediated uptake of all three model substrates , suggesting that they could also be potential substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 6 stimulated OATP1B3 - mediated estradiol 17 beta - glucuronide uptake by increasing the apparent affinity of OATP1B3 for its substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol 17 beta - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that epigallocatechin 3 - O - gallate ( EGCG ) and most of compounds 1 - 6 killed preferentially OATP - expressing CHO cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigallocatechin 3 - O - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 70]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EGCG , 1 , and 3 were the most potent cytotoxic compounds , with EGCG and 3 selectively killing OATP1B3 - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that OATP1B3 is expressed in several cancers , EGCG and some of the quercetin derivatives studied might be promising lead compounds for the development of novel anticancer drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Labdane - type diterpenoids from the fruits of Vitex trifolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Labdane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven new labdane - type diterpenoids , vitextrifolins A - G ( 1 - 7 ) , along with eight previously reported analogues , were isolated from the fruits of Vitex trifolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "labdane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "vitextrifolins A - G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of 1 - 7 were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines ( A549 , HCT116 , HL - 60 , and ZR - 75 - 30 ) , but all were inactive ( IC ( 50 ) < 5 mu g / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injectable hyaluronic acid - tyramine hydrogels incorporating interferon - alpha 2a for liver cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report an injectable hydrogel system that incorporates interferon - alpha 2a ( IFN - alpha 2a ) for liver cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IFN - alpha 2a was incorporated in hydrogels composed of hyaluronic acid - tyramine ( HA - Tyr ) conjugates through the oxidative coupling of Tyr moieties with hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) and horseradish peroxidase ( HRP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 177]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IFN - alpha 2a - incorporated HA - Tyr hydrogels of varying stiffness were formed by changing the H2O2 concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incorporation of IFN - alpha 2a did not affect the rheological properties of the hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of IFN - alpha 2a was furthermore well - maintained in the hydrogels with lower stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through the caspase - 3 / 7 pathway in vitro , IFN - alpha 2a released from HA - Tyr hydrogels inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells and induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the study of the pharmacokinetics , a higher concentration of IFN - alpha 2a was shown in the plasma of mice treated with IFN - alpha 2a - incorporated hydrogels after 4h post injection , with a much higher amount of IFN - alpha 2a delivered at the tumor tissue comparing to that of injecting an IFN - alpha 2a solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor regression study revealed that IFN - alpha 2a - incorporated HA - Tyr hydrogels effectively inhibited tumor growth , while the injection of an IFN - alpha 2a solution did not demonstrate antitumor efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological studies confirmed that tumor tissues in mice treated with IFN - alpha 2a - incorporated HA - Tyr hydrogels showed lower cell density , with more apoptotic and less proliferating cells compared with tissues treated with an IFN - alpha 2a solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the IFN - alpha 2a - incorporated hydrogel treatment greatly inhibited the angiogenesis of tumor tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease : current issues and novel treatment approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is considered the most common liver disorder in the Western world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is commonly associated with insulin resistance , obesity , dyslipidaemia , type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) is characterized by steatosis with necroinflammation and eventual fibrosis , which can lead to end - stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its pathogenesis is complex , and involves a state of ' lipotoxicity ' in which insulin resistance , with increased free fatty acid release from adipose tissue to the liver , play a key role in the onset of a ' lipotoxic liver disease ' and its progression to NASH .", "entity": [{"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis of NASH is challenging , as most affected patients are symptom free and the role of routine screening is not clearly established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A complete medical history is important to rule out other causes of fatty liver disease ( alcohol abuse , medications , other ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma aminotransferase levels and liver ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of NAFLD / NASH , but a liver biopsy is often required for a definitive diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is an active search for plasma biomarkers and imaging techniques that may non - invasively aid in the diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of NASH requires a multifaceted approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal is to reverse obesity - associated lipotoxicity and insulin resistance via lifestyle intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there is no pharmacological agent approved for the treatment of NAFLD , vitamin E ( in patients without T2DM ) and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone ( in patients with and without T2DM ) have shown the most consistent results in randomized controlled trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review concentrates on our current understanding of the disease , with a focus on the existing therapeutic approaches and potential future pharmacological developments for NAFLD and NASH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ranolazine : a review of its use as add - on therapy in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ranolazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extended - release ranolazine ( ranolazine ER ) [ Ranexa ( (R) ) ] is an antianginal agent that achieves its effects via a novel mechanism of action ( inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current ) , without affecting heart rate or blood pressure ( BP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extended - release ranolazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "Ranexa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews the efficacy , safety and tolerability of ranolazine ER as add - on therapy in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris , as well as summarizing its pharmacological properties and its use in non - ST - elevation acute coronary syndromes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the CARISA and ERICA trials , add - on therapy with ranolazine ER improved exercise tolerance and / or reduced angina frequency and nitroglycerin use in patients with chronic stable angina ; benefits were seen across a variety of patient subgroups .", "entity": [{"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although results of the MERLIN - TIMI 36 trial do not support the use of ranolazine ER in the acute management of non - ST - elevation acute coronary syndromes , they do support its use as an antianginal therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ranolazine ER was generally well tolerated , with the most commonly reported adverse events including dizziness , nausea , asthenia and constipation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite being associated with modest increases in the corrected QT interval , ranolazine ER demonstrated antiarrhythmic effects in the MERLIN - TIMI 36 trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ranolazine ER provides an important option for use as add - on therapy to reduce symptoms in patients with chronic stable angina .", "entity": [{"entity": "ranolazine ER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognition of viral RNA stem - loops by the tandem double - stranded RNA binding domains of PKR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , the double - stranded RNA ( dsRNA ) - activated protein kinase ( PKR ) is expressed in late stages of the innate immune response to viral infection by the interferon pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKR consists of tandem dsRNA binding motifs ( dsRBMs ) connected via a flexible linker to a Ser / Thr kinase domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon interaction with viral dsRNA , PKR is converted into a catalytically active enzyme capable of phosphorylating a number of target proteins that often results in host cell translational repression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of high - resolution structural studies involving individual dsRBMs from proteins other than PKR have highlighted the key features required for interaction with perfectly duplexed RNA substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , viral dsRNA molecules are highly structured and often contain deviations from perfect A - form RNA helices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By use of small - angle X - ray scattering ( SAXS ) , we present solution conformations of the tandem dsRBMs of PKR in complex with two imperfectly base - paired viral dsRNA stem - loops ; HIV - 1 TAR and adenovirus VA ( I ) - AS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both individual components and complexes were purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by dynamic light scattering at multiple concentrations to ensure monodispersity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAXS ab initio solution conformations of the individual components and RNA - protein complexes were determined and highlight the potential of PKR to interact with both stem and loop regions of the RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excellent agreement between experimental and model - based hydrodynamic parameter determination heightens our confidence in the obtained models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data support and provide a framework for the existing biochemical data regarding the tolerance of imperfectly base - paired viral dsRNA by PKR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear receptors in bile acid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acids are signaling molecules that activate nuclear receptors , such as farnesoid X receptor , pregnane X receptor , constitutive androstane receptor , and vitamin D receptor , and play a critical role in the regulation of lipid , glucose , energy , and drug metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "androstane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These xenobiotic / endobiotic - sensing nuclear receptors regulate phase I oxidation , phase II conjugation , and phase III transport in bile acid and drug metabolism in the digestive system .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integration of bile acid metabolism with drug metabolism controls absorption , transport , and metabolism of nutrients and drugs to maintain metabolic homeostasis and also protects against liver injury , inflammation , and related metabolic diseases , such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , diabetes , and obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile - acid - based drugs targeting nuclear receptors are in clinical trials for treating cholestatic liver diseases and fatty liver disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioanalytical assay strategies for the development of antibody - drug conjugate biotherapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibody - drug conjugates ( ADCs ) are monoclonal antibodies with covalently bound cytotoxic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are designed to target tumor antigens selectively and offer the hope of cancer treatment without the debilitating side - effects of conventional therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of ADCs is not new ; however , development of these therapeutics is challenging and only recently are promising clinical data emerging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These challenges include ADC bioanalysis , such as quantifying in serum / plasma for PK studies and strategies for assessing immunogenicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADCs have complex molecular structures incorporating large - and small - molecule characteristics and require diverse analytical methods , including ligand - binding assays and MS - based methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADCs are typically mixtures with a range of drug - to - antibody ratios .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biotransformations in vivo can lead to additional changes in drug - to - antibody ratios resulting in dynamically changing mixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a standard calibration curve consisting of the reference standard may not be appropriate for quantification of analytes in vivo and represents a unique challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper will share our perspective on why ADC bioanalysis is so complex and describe the strategies and rationale that we have used for ADCs , with highlights of original data from a variety of nonclinical and clinical case studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our strategy has involved novel protein structural characterization tools to help understand ADC biotransformations in vivo and use of the analyte knowledge gained to guide the development of quantitative bioanalytical assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrokinetic charging and evidence for charge evaporation in liquid microjets of aqueous salt solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrokinetic charging of aqueous microjets was characterized by measuring streaming currents as a function of sodium iodide salt concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measured streaming currents at high salt concentrations ( up to 0 . 5 M ) varied nonmonotonically with the jet velocity and can be explained by a multipolar charge distribution at the nozzle - water interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of potassium fluoride no multipolar charge distribution is observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrokinetic potentials were estimated from the streaming currents , under the assumption that all excess charges are confined within the liquid jet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measured photoelectron spectra indicate much smaller streaming potentials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To resolve the apparent discrepancy , we propose that a significant fraction of excess charges evaporates in the form of ion - water clusters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multilayered hierarchical capsules providing cell adhesion sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquified capsules featuring ( i ) an external shell by layer - by - layer assembly of poly ( l - lysine ) , alginate , and chitosan , and encapsulating ( ii ) surface functionalized poly ( l - lactic acid ) ( PLLA ) microparticles were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( l - lysine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "poly ( l - lactic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 207]}, {"entity": "PLLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesize that , while the liquified environment enhances the diffusion of essential molecules for cell survival , microparticles dispersed in the liquified core of capsules provide the physical support required for cellular functions of anchorage - dependent cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of the incorporation of PLL on the regime growth , thickness , and stability was analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show a more resistant and thicker film with an exponential build - up growth regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , capsules ability to support cell survival was assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capsules containing microparticles revealed an enhanced biological outcome in cell metabolic activity and proliferation , suggesting their potential to boost the development of innovative biomaterial designs for bioencapsulation systems and tissue engineering products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction between group IIb divalent transition - metal cations and 3 - mercaptopropionic acid : a computational and topological perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "group IIb divalent transition - metal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 57]}, {"entity": "3 - mercaptopropionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Density functional theory was applied to study the interaction of group IIb transition - metal cations ( Zn ( 2 + ) , Cd ( 2 + ) , and Hg ( 2 + ) ) with one and two fully or partially deprotonated 3 - mercaptopropionic acid ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "group IIb transition - metal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 94]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Cd ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "3 - mercaptopropionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this investigation , we determined the geometries of all possible complexes resulting from the coordination of the metal ions with the ligands at different binding sites selected on each ligand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative energies of the complexes , metal - ion affinities , free energies , and entropies were also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The natures of the bonds were critically analyzed by natural bond orbital ( NBO ) analysis and clarified further using the atoms - in - molecules ( AIM ) approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substantial influence of the solvent ( water ) polarization on the energetics , geometries , and bonding of the molecular complexes was also investigated by the conductor - like screening solvation model ( COSMO ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to simulate the complexes in an aqueous environment , water molecules were added explicitly to complete the coordination sphere of the metal cations , and the corresponding metal - ion affinities were calculated to study the effect of microhydration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Planar to 3D transition in the B6H ( y ) anions .", "entity": [{"entity": "B6H ( y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential energy surfaces of anionic B ( 6 ) H ( y ) clusters were sampled using the coalescence kick method .", "entity": [{"entity": "B ( 6 ) H ( y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the planar to three - dimensional transition occurs in this system when y = 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is an important discovery because this transition suggests a major structural change as a function of dehydrogenation for the stoichiometric B ( n ) H ( n ) ( - ) polyhedral boranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "B ( n ) H ( n ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 167]}, {"entity": "polyhedral boranes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that the B ( 6 ) H ( 3 ) ( - ) global minimum structure has an optical isomer .", "entity": [{"entity": "B ( 6 ) H ( 3 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical bonding patterns revealed by the adaptive natural density partitioning ( AdNDP ) analysis explain the geometric structure of all clusters presented here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From our chemical bonding analysis , we concluded that the 2D - 3D transition occurs at B ( 6 ) H ( 4 ) ( - ) because the addition of one extra hydrogen atom further destroys the network of the peripheral 2c - 2e B - B sigma - bonding , making planar structures less stable , and because the distorted octahedral structure provides some occupation of all s - and p - AOs of boron , avoiding the presence of any empty atomic orbitals .", "entity": [{"entity": "B ( 6 ) H ( 4 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 109]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "B - B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 218]}, {"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [374, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical vertical electron detachment energies ( VDEs ) were calculated for comparison with future experimental work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription factor Pitx3 is expressed selectively in midbrain dopaminergic neurons susceptible to neurodegenerative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3 is critical for the survival of midbrain dopaminergic ( mDA ) neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pitx3 - deficient mice exhibit severe but selective developmental loss of mDA neurons , with accompanying locomotor deficits resembling those seen in Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify specific mDA cell subpopulations that are consistently spared in adult Pitx3 - hypomorphic ( aphakia ) mice , demonstrating that Pitx3 is not indiscriminately required by all mDA neurons for their survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In aphakia mice , virtually all surviving mDA neurons in the substantia nigra ( SN ) and the majority of neurons in the adjacent ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) also express calbindin - D28k , a calcium - binding protein previously associated with resistance to injury in PD and in animal models .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell - mapping studies in wild - type mice revealed that Pitx3 is primarily expressed in the ventral SN , a region particularly susceptible to MPTP and other dopaminergic neurotoxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Pitx3 - expressing SN cells are preferentially lost following MPTP treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , SN mDA neurons in Pitx3 hemizygous mice show increased sensitivity when exposed to MPTP .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , SN mDA neurons are represented by at least two distinct subpopulations including MPTP - resistant Pitx3 - autonomous , calbindin - positive neurons , and calbindin - negative Pitx - 3 - dependent cells that display elevated vulnerability to toxic injury , and probably correspond to the subpopulation that degenerates in PD .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impairment of Pitx3 - dependent pathways therefore increases vulnerability of mDA neurons to toxic injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data suggest a novel link between Pitx3 function and the selective pattern of mDA cell loss observed in PD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fundamental studies of electrochemically controlled surface oxidation and hydrophobicity of natural enargite .", "entity": [{"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface oxidation and hydrophobicity of natural enargite ( Cu ( 3 ) AsS ( 4 ) ) and the formation of oxidation species at the mineral surface have been examined by a novel experimental approach that combines electrochemical techniques and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 3 ) AsS ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach allows for in - situ , synchronized electrochemical control and examination of the oxidative surface morphology of enargite .", "entity": [{"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined with ex - situ cryo X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis , the surface speciation of enargite surface oxidation has been obtained , comparing the newly fractured natural enargite surface with those that have been electrochemically oxidized at pHs 4 and 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At pH 4 , surface layer formations consisting of metal - deficient sulfide and elemental sulfur were identified , associated with a limited increase in root - mean - square ( rms ) roughness ( 1 . 228 to 3 . 143 nm ) and apparent heterogeneous distribution of surface products as demonstrated by AFM imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mechanism of initial rapid dissolution of Cu followed by diffusion - limited surface layer deposition was identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At pH 10 , a similar mechanism was identified although the differences between the initial and diffusion - limited phases were less definitive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface species were identified as copper sulfate and copper hydroxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "copper hydroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant increase in surface roughness was found as rms roughness increased from 0 . 795 to 9 . 723 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic ( receding ) contact angle measurements were obtained by a droplet evaporation method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference in the contact angle on a surface oxidized at pH 10 and the freshly polished surface was found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant difference was found between the polished surface and that oxidized at pH 4 , with an increase in contact angle of about 13 degrees ( 46 degrees to 59 degrees ) after oxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Competing effects of hydrophilic ( copper oxides and hydroxides ) and hydrophobic ( elemental sulfur ) species on the mineral surface under oxidizing conditions at pH 4 and the change in surface roughness at pH 10 may contribute to the observed effects of electrochemically controlled oxidation on enargite hydrophobicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper oxides and hydroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 63]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "enargite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal and magnetic structures and physical properties of a new pyroxene NaMnGe2O6 synthesized under high pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyroxene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "NaMnGe2O6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new pyroxene compound , NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 ) , has been synthesized at 3 GPa and 800 degrees C and fully characterized by X - ray single - crystal diffraction , neutron powder diffraction , and measurements of magnetization and specific heat .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyroxene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 ) crystallizes into a monoclinic C2 / c structure with unit - cell parameters a = 9 . 859 ( 2 ) A , b = 8 . 7507 ( 18 ) A , c = 5 . 5724 ( 11 ) A , and beta = 105 . 64 ( 3 ) degrees at 153 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cooperative Jahn - Teller distortion is formed by an ordering of the longest Mn - O bonds between two neighboring octahedra along the chain direction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn - O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This feature distinguishes NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 ) from other pyroxene compounds without Jahn - Teller active cations and suggests that the Jahn - Teller distortion competes with the intrinsic local distortion in the pyroxene structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "pyroxene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "pyroxene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No orbital order - disorder transition has been found up to 750 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like other alkali - metal pyroxenes with S > ( 1 ) / ( 2 ) , NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 ) ( S = 2 ) was found to undergo a long - range antiferromagnetic ( AF ) ordering at T ( N ) = 7 K due to intrachain and interchain exchange interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyroxenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "NaMnGe ( 2 ) O ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the peculiar structural features and the corresponding magnetic coupling , the weak AF spin ordering gives way to a ferromagnetic - like state at a sufficiently high magnetic field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific - heat measurements demonstrated that a large portion of the magnetic entropy , > 60 % , has been removed above T ( N ) as a result of strong spin correlations within the quasi - one - dimensional Mn ( 3 + ) - spin chains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Reitveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data gives a commensurate magnetic structure defined by k = [ 0 0 0 . 5 ] with Mn moments aligned mainly along the c - axis with a small component along both a - and b - axes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence - specific transcription factor NF - Y displays histone - like DNA binding and H2B - like ubiquitination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sequence - specific transcription factor NF - Y binds the CCAAT box , one of the sequence elements most frequently found in eukaryotic promoters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - Y is composed of the NF - YA and NF - YB / NF - YC subunits , the latter two hosting histone - fold domains ( HFDs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structure of NF - Y bound to a 25 bp CCAAT oligonucleotide shows that the HFD dimer binds to the DNA sugar - phosphate backbone , mimicking the nucleosome H2A / H2B - DNA assembly .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - YA both binds to NF - YB / NF - YC and inserts an alpha helix deeply into the DNA minor groove , providing sequence - specific contacts to the CCAAT box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural considerations and mutational data indicate that NF - YB ubiquitination at Lys138 precedes and is equivalent to H2B Lys120 monoubiquitination , important in transcriptional activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lys138", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Lys120", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , NF - Y is a sequence - specific transcription factor with nucleosome - like properties of nonspecific DNA binding and helps establish permissive chromatin modifications at CCAAT promoters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that other HFD - containing proteins may function in similar ways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical exercise and its effects on coronary artery disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beneficial effects of physical exercise on stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ) have been shown by an increasing number of studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exercise training leads to an improved bioavailability of the endothelial nitric oxide and partially attenuates endothelial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further effects are an economization of ventricular function and a reduction of cardiovascular risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In clinical studies exercise training was associated with a decreased total and cardiovascular mortality and a reduced angina pectoris threshold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus exercise training has developed to an evidence - based therapeutic option of stable CAD with a Class Ia recommendation in the guidelines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Composition and anti - oxidant , anti - cancer and anti - inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba - alba , Ruta chalpensis L . and Peganum harmala L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , biological activities of methanolic extracts from Artemisia herba - alba , Ruta chalpensis L . and Peganum harmala L . plants , collected in Centre of Tunisia , were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed an important phenolic composition of Artemisia herba - alba ( 123 . 95 +/- 4 . 3g GAE / kg of dry mass ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extract of this plant showed , using different antioxidant assays ( DPPH , ABTS and AAPH / linoleic acid methods ) and an IFN - gamma / LPS induced RAW 264 . 7 murine macrophages ' assay , the highest antioxidant ( IC50 ( DPPH assay ) 20 . 64 +/- 0 . 84mg / L ) and anti - inflammatory ( 72 % inhibition at 150mg / L ) activities , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excepting Peganum harmala L . extract , the two other extracts showed a high anticancer activity against several cell lines ( human bladder carcinoma RT112 , human laryngeal carcinoma Hep2 and human myelogenous leukemia K562 ) , for A . herba - laba IC50 = 81 . 59 +/- 4 . 4 , 59 . 05 +/- 3 . 66 and 90 . 96mg / L respectively , but not on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these biological activities are well correlated with the phenolic contents of these extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of these plants as valuable source of antioxidants with exhibit original and interesting anti - inflammatory and anticancer capacities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Areca nut procyanidins ameliorate streptozocin - induced hyperglycemia by regulating gluconeogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "streptozocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major contributor to blood glucose in diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous study indicated that areca nut extract enriched with catechin - based procyanidins from oligomers to polymers gave rise to anti - inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "procyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have surveyed the molecular features of areca nut procyanidins ( ANPs ) using quadrupole time - of - flight liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry ( Q - TOF LC / MS ) and the resulting mass spectrum accurately described ANP from monomer to hexadecamer .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the potential of ANP in terms of blood glucose homeostasis was explored using cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) / dexamethasone stimulated primary mouse hepatocytes and multiple low dose streptozocin ( MLD - STZ ) treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "cyclic adenosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 122]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "streptozocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 219]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the primary hepatocytes , ANP dose - dependently inhibited gluconeogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression of two gluconeogenic key enzymes , phosphoenol - pyruvate carboxykinase ( PEPCK ) and glucose - 6 - phosphatase ( G6Pase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoenol - pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 169]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intragastrically feeding of 10mg / kg ANP for 4weeks reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose , PEPCK and G6Pase in MLD - STZ mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In additional , the level of 5 ' - AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) expression showed a trend towards being restored in the ANP treated MLD - STZ - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' - AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study indicated that ANP has the potential to improve hyperglycemia by regulating gluconeogenic related kinases in MLD - STZ - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of Src / ERK and GSK - 3 / beta - catenin signaling by pinosylvin inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pinosylvin , a naturally occurring trans - stilbenoid mainly found in Pinus species , has exhibited a potential cancer chemopreventive activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "trans - stilbenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the growth inhibitory activity against cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the anti - proliferative activity of pinosylvin was investigated in human colorectal HCT 116 cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pinosylvin inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells by arresting transition of cell cycle from G1 to S phase along with the downregulation of cyclin D1 , cyclin E , cyclin A , cyclin dependent kinase 2 ( CDK2 ) , CDK4 , c - Myc , and retinoblastoma protein ( pRb ) , and the upregulation of p21 ( WAF1 / CIP1 ) and p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pinosylvin was also found to attenuate the activation of proteins involved in focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) / c - Src / extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) signaling , and phosphoinositide 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) / Akt / glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ( GSK - 3 beta ) signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , pinosylvin suppressed the nuclear translocation of beta - catenin , one of downstream molecules of PI3K / Akt / GSK - 3 beta signaling , and these events led to the sequential downregulation of beta - catenin - mediated transcription of target genes including BMP4 , ID2 , survivin , cyclin D1 , MMP7 , and c - Myc .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate that the anti - proliferative activity of pinosylvin might be associated with the cell cycle arrest and downregulation of cell proliferation regulating signaling pathways in human colorectal cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinosylvin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of picrosides I and II from kutkin , Picrorhiza kurroa extract and its formulation in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Picrosides I and II are the active chemical constituents , present in the roots and rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ( family : Scrophulariaceae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plant is ethnomedically claimed for the treatment of liver and upper respiratory tract infection , fever , dyspepsia and scorpion sting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study attempts to determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of picrosides I and II in rats after oral administration of three different preparations namely , kutkin ( a mixture of picrosides I and II ) , P . kurroa extract and Picrolax (R) capsule ( marketed formulation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "kutkin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple , precise , specific and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous quantification of picrosides I and II in rat plasma and was applied for the pharmacokinetic study .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the observed plasma concentration of picrosides I and II .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed a significant difference ( p <= 0 . 05 ) in oral bioavailability of picrosides I and II from different preparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrosides I and II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the compounds were found to be more bioavailable from P . kurroa extract followed by Picrolax (R) capsule and kutkin .", "entity": [{"entity": "kutkin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we also developed a novel method for isolation of kutkin from roots of P . kurroa with a high yield of 2 . 4 % w / w .", "entity": [{"entity": "kutkin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information gained from this study provides a meaningful basis for clinical application and mechanistic study of such phytochemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation between the antibacterial activity and the composition of extracts derived from various Spanish Cistus species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cistaceae is a large family of shrubs commonly distributed in the Mediterranean ecosystem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to explore the potential antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and / or Staphylococcus aureus of different extracts obtained from four Cistaceae species that are especially abundant in Spanish semi - arid regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MIC50 values of the extracts of C . salviifolius exhibited potent bacteriostatic effects against S . aureus compared with the other Cistus species tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spray - drying had less impact on the antimicrobial activities and polyphenolic contents than did evaporation followed by freeze - drying .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When C . salviifolius extract was concentrated and the polar fraction was removed , its bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against both strains were significantly enhanced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seasonal influences on the composition have also been found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to 48 compounds were found in the aqueous extract of C . salviifolius using RRLC - ESI - TOF - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the composition of the extracts revealed that the inhibitory activity against E . coli may be related to the presence of galloylated flavanols and specific flavonols , whereas the inhibitory capacity against S . aureus may be related primarily to polar compounds and to other flavonols .", "entity": [{"entity": "galloylated flavanols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 158]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential synergistic effects among polyphenols may deserve further studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These extracts may serve as an alternative source of antimicrobial ingredients focused on medical devices or cosmetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I kappa B kinase epsilon ( IKK epsilon ) : a therapeutic target in inflammation and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The innate immune system forms our first line of defense against invading pathogens and relies for a major part on the activation of two transcription factors , NF - kappa B and IRF3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signaling pathways that activate these transcription factors are intertwined at the level of the canonical I kappa B kinases ( IKK alpha , IKK beta ) and non - canonical IKK - related kinases ( IKK epsilon , TBK1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , significant progress has been made in understanding the function and mechanism of action of IKK epsilon in immune signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , IKK epsilon impacts on cell proliferation and transformation , and is thereby also classified as an oncogene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies with IKK epsilon knockout mice have illustrated a key role for IKK epsilon in inflammatory and metabolic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we will highlight the mechanisms by which IKK epsilon impacts on signaling pathways involved in disease development and discuss its potential as a novel therapeutic target .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotoxic and inflammatory effects of organic extracts from traffic - related particulate matter in human lung epithelial A549 cells : the role of quinones .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traffic - related particulate matter ( PM ) is associated with adverse health effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinones present in the traffic - related PM are hypothesized to contribute to these harmful effects through reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the impacts of the traffic - related PM and quinones on inflammatory processes and genotoxic damages are less well known .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In present study we aimed to examine the genotoxic and inflammatory impacts of organic extracts from traffic - related PM ( oTRP ) in human lung epithelial A549 cells , and reveal the contributions from quinones .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant cytotoxicity and DNA damage were caused by oTRP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pro - inflammatory genes , interleukin - 6 ( Il - 6 ) , interleukin - 8 ( Il - 8 ) and tumor necrosis factor ( Tnf ) , and two aromatic hydrocarbon receptor - regulated genes , Cyp1a1 and 1b1 , were significantly up - regulated by oTRP .", "entity": [{"entity": "aromatic hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A concomitant increase in ROS was observed , suggesting that oTRP may mediate genotoxic and inflammatory effects through oxidative stress pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , the effects from two typical airborne quinones , 9 , 10 - anthraquinone ( AQ ) and 1 , 4 - naphthroquinone ( NQ ) were compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "9 , 10 - anthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - naphthroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NQ , but not AQ , induced significant DNA damage in A549 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NQ up - regulated Il - 8 , Tnf , and Mcp - 1 genes , while AQ induced the expression of Rantes gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the NQ and AQ may participate in the pro - inflammatory responses through releasing different types of cytokines / chemokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of Rac1 GTPase by nanoparticulate structures in human macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory activation of alveolar macrophages by ambient particles can be facilitated via Toll - like receptors ( TLR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The action of TLR agonists and antagonists has been reported to depend on the formation of nanoparticulate structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim of the present study was to identify the signaling pathways induced by nanoparticulate structures in human macrophages , which might be critical for inflammatory cell activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Studies were performed in primary human alveolar macrophages or in differentiated THP - 1 macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silica nanoparticles were prepared by St o ber synthesis and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycobacterial DNA was isolated from Mycobacterium bovis BCG , and nanoparticle formation was assessed by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actin polymerization was measured by phalloidin - TRITC staining , and cell activation was determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis , L929 cytotoxicity assay ( cytokine induction ) , and pull - down assays ( Rho GTPases ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phalloidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "TRITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In contrast to immune stimulatory sequence ISS 1018 , BCG DNA spontaneously formed nanoparticulate structures and induced actin polymerization as did synthetic silica nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - incubation with silica nanoparticles amplified the responsiveness of macrophages toward the TLR9 ligand ISS 1018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation of Rac1 was induced by silica nanoparticles as well as BCG DNA and is suggested as the critical signaling event inducing both cytoskeleton changes as well as inflammatory cell activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Nanoparticles can induce signaling pathways , which amplify an inflammatory response in macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of the optimized beta - Lapachone - poloxamer - cyclodextrin ternary system induces apoptosis , DNA damage and reduces tumor growth in a human breast adenocarcinoma xenograft mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Lapachone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "poloxamer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Lapachone ( beta - Lap ) is a 1 , 2 - orthonaphthoquinone that selectively induces cell death in human cancer cells through NAD ( P ) H : quinone oxidoreductase - 1 ( NQO1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Lapachone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "beta - Lap", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - orthonaphthoquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 64]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NQO1 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors , as compared to normal adjacent tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the low solubility and non - specific distribution of beta - Lap limit its suitability for clinical assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Lap", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We formulated beta - Lap in an optimal random methylated - beta - cyclodextrin / poloxamer 407 mixture ( i . e . , beta - Lap ternary system ) and , using human breast adenocarcinoma MCF - 7 cells and immunodeficient mice , performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation of its anti - tumor effects on proliferation , cell cycle , apoptosis , DNA damage , and tumor growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Lap", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "methylated - beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 78]}, {"entity": "poloxamer 407", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "beta - Lap", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ternary system is fluid at room temperature , gels over 29 degrees C , and provides a significant amount of drug , thus facilitating intratumoral delivery , in situ gelation , and the formation of a depot for time - release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of beta - Lap ternary system to MCF - 7 cells induces an increase in apoptosis and DNA damage , while producing no changes in cell cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - Lap", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in a mouse xenograft tumor model , intratumoral injection of the system significantly reduces tumor volume , while increasing apoptosis and DNA damage without visible toxicity to liver or kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These anti - tumoral effects and lack of visible toxicity make this system a promising new therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrophobicity of rare - earth oxide ceramics .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrophobic materials that are robust to harsh environments are needed in a broad range of applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although durable materials such as metals and ceramics , which are generally hydrophilic , can be rendered hydrophobic by polymeric modifiers , these deteriorate in harsh environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that a class of ceramics comprising the entire lanthanide oxide series , ranging from ceria to lutecia , is intrinsically hydrophobic .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthanide oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We attribute their hydrophobicity to their unique electronic structure , which inhibits hydrogen bonding with interfacial water molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show with surface - energy measurements that polar interactions are minimized at these surfaces and with Fourier transform infrared / grazing - angle attenuated total reflection that interfacial water molecules are oriented in the hydrophobic hydration structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we demonstrate that these ceramic materials promote dropwise condensation , repel impinging water droplets , and sustain hydrophobicity even after exposure to harsh environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rare - earth oxide ceramics should find widespread applicability as robust hydrophobic surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microcalcifications in breast cancer : Lessons from physiological mineralization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammographic mammary microcalcifications are routinely used for the early detection of breast cancer , however the mechanisms by which they form remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two species of mammary microcalcifications have been identified ; calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium oxalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calcium oxalate is mostly associated with benign lesions of the breast , whereas hydroxyapatite is associated with both benign and malignant tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcium oxalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The way in which hydroxyapatite forms within mammary tissue remains largely unexplored , however lessons can be learned from the process of physiological mineralization .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal physiological mineralization by osteoblasts results in hydroxyapatite deposition in bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review brings together existing knowledge from the field of physiological mineralization and juxtaposes it with our current understanding of the genesis of mammary microcalcifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an increasing number of breast cancers are being detected in their non - palpable stage through mammographic microcalcifications , it is important that future studies investigate the underlying mechanisms of their formation in order to fully understand the significance of this unique early marker of breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembly of double helical nanostructures inside carbon nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We use molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations to show that a DNA - like double helix of two poly ( acetylene ) ( PA ) chains can form inside single - walled carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( acetylene )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 109]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The computational results indicate that SWNTs can activate and guide the self - assembly of polymer chains , allowing them to adopt a helical configuration in a SWNT through the combined action of the van der Waals potential well and the pi - pi stacking interaction between the polymer and the inner surface of SWNTs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile both the SWNT size and polymer chain stiffness determine the outcome of the nanostructure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we also found that water clusters encourage the self - assembly of PA helical structures in the tube .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This molecular model may lead to a better understanding of the formation of a double helix biological molecule inside SWNTs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , it could form the basis of a novel nanoscale material by utilizing the ' empty ' spaces of SWNTs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human skin neural crest progenitor cells are susceptible to BRAF ( V600E ) - induced transformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult stem cells are multipotent and persist in small numbers in adult tissues throughout the lifespan of an organism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike differentiated cells , adult stem cells are intrinsically resistant to senescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is unclear how adult stem cells in solid organs respond to oncogenic stimulation and whether these cells have a role in tumor initiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here that expression of BRAF ( V600E ) in human neural crest progenitor cells ( hNCPCs ) did not induce growth arrest as seen in human melanocytes , but instead , increased their cell proliferation capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cells ( hNCPCs ( V600E ) ) acquired anchorage - independent growth ability and were weakly tumorigenic in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike in human melanocytes , BRAF ( V600E ) expression in hNCPCs did not induce p16 ( INK4a ) expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRAF ( V600E ) induced elevated expression of CDK2 , CDK4 , MITF and EST1 / 2 protein in hNCPCs , and also induced melanocytic differentiation of these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , overexpression of MITF in hNCPCs ( V600E ) dramatically increased their tumorigenicity and resulted in fully transformed tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that hNCPCs are susceptible to BRAF ( V600E ) - induced transformation , and MITF potentiates the oncogenic effect of BRAF ( V600E ) in these progenitor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the hNCPCs are potential targets for BRAF ( V600E ) - induced melanocytic tumor formation . Oncogene advance online publication , 21 January 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2012 . 642 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almorexant effects on CYP3A4 activity studied by its simultaneous and time - separated administration with simvastatin and atorvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To characterise further the previously observed cytochrome P450 3A4 ( CYP3A4 ) interaction of the dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant .", "entity": [{"entity": "almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Pharmacokinetic interactions were investigated ( n = 14 healthy male subjects in two treatment groups ) between almorexant at steady - state when administered either concomitantly or 2 h after administration of single doses of simvastatin ( 40 mg ) or atorvastatin ( 40 mg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 248]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Almorexant dose - dependently increased simvastatin exposure ( AUC ( 0 - infinity ) ) when administered concomitantly [ geometric mean ratios ( 90 % CI ) : 2 . 5 ( 2 . 1 , 2 . 9 ) ( 100 mg ) , 3 . 9 ( 3 . 3 , 4 . 6 ) ( 200 mg ) ] , but not C ( max ) [ 3 . 7 ( 3 . 0 , 4 . 5 ) for both doses ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "Almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - separated administration resulted in relevant reductions of the interaction [ AUC ( 0 - infinity ) : 1 . 4 ( 1 . 2 , 1 . 7 ) ( 100 mg ) , 1 . 7 ( 1 . 5 , 2 . 0 ) ( 200 mg ) ; C ( max ) : 1 . 5 ( 1 . 3 , 1 . 9 ) ( 100 mg ) , 1 . 9 ( 1 . 6 , 2 . 4 ) ( 200 mg ) ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained for hydroxyacid simvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyacid simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent of almorexant dose and relative time of administration , AUC ( 0 - infinity ) and C ( max ) of atorvastatin increased ( ratios ranged from 1 . 1 to 1 . 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AUC ( 0 - infinity ) and C ( max ) of o - hydroxy atorvastatin decreased dose - independently [ AUC ( 0 - infinity ) : 0 . 8 ( 0 . 8 , 0 . 9 ) ( 100 mg ) , 0 . 6 ( 0 . 5 , 0 . 6 ) ( 200 mg ) ; C ( max ) : 0 . 3 ( 0 . 3 , 0 . 4 ) ( 100 mg ) , 0 . 2 ( 0 . 2 , 0 . 3 ) ( 200 mg ) ] when atorvastatin was concomitantly administered .", "entity": [{"entity": "o - hydroxy atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 62]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C ( max ) of o - hydroxy atorvastatin slightly decreased ( 0 . 8 for both doses ) following time - separated administration ; AUC ( 0 - infinity ) was unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "o - hydroxy atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Whereas almorexant increased simvastatin exposure dose - and relative time of administration - dependently , atorvastatin exposure increased to a smaller extent and irrespective of dose and time .", "entity": [{"entity": "almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the observed interaction of almorexant with simvastatin is mainly caused by intestinal CYP3A4 inhibition , whereas the interaction with atorvastatin is more due to hepatic CYP3A4 inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "almorexant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designing high - performance electrochemical energy - storage nanoarchitectures to balance rate and capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impressive specific capacitance and high - rate performance reported for many nanometric charge - storing films on planar substrates cannot impact a technology space beyond microdevices unless such performance translates into a macroscale form factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we explore how the nanoscale - to - macroscale properties of the electrode architecture ( pore size / distribution , void volume , thickness ) define energy and power performance when scaled to technologically relevant dimensions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our test bed is a device - ready electrode architecture in which scalable , manufacturable carbon nanofoam papers with tunable pore sizes ( 5 - 200 nm ) and thickness ( 100 - 300 mu m ) are painted with ~ 10 nm coatings of manganese oxide ( MnOx ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "manganese oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 238]}, {"entity": "MnOx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantity of capacitance and the rate at which it is delivered for four different MnOx - C variants was assessed by fabricating symmetric electrochemical capacitors using a concentrated aqueous electrolyte .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnOx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon nanofoam papers containing primarily 10 - 20 nm mesopores support high MnOx loadings ( 60 wt % ) and device - level capacitance ( 30 F g ( - 1 ) ) , but the small mesoporous network hinders electrolyte transport and the low void volume restricts the quantity of charge - compensating ions within the electrode , making the full capacitance only accessible at slow rates ( 5 mV s ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "MnOx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon nanofoam papers with macropores ( 100 - 200 nm ) facilitate high rate operation ( 50 mV s ( - 1 ) ) , but deliver significantly lower device capacitance ( 13 F g ( - 1 ) ) as a result of lower MnOx loadings ( 41 wt % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "MnOx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Devices comprising MnOx - carbon nanofoams with interconnecting networks of meso - and macropores balance capacitance and rate performance , delivering 33 F g ( - 1 ) at 5 mV s ( - 1 ) and 23 F g ( - 1 ) at 50 mV s ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnOx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of carbon nanofoam papers with size - tunable pore structures and thickness provides the opportunity to engineer the electrode architecture to deliver scalable quantities of capacitance ( F cm ( - 2 ) ) in tens of seconds with a single device .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microfluidic chemostat for measuring single cell dynamics in bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We designed a microfluidic chemostat consisting of 600 sub - micron trapping / growth channels connected to two feeding channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microchemostat traps E . coli cells and forces them to grow in lines for over 50 generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excess cells , including the mother cells captured at the start of the process , are removed from both ends of the growth channels by the media flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the aid of time - lapse microscopy , we have monitored dynamic properties such as growth rate and GFP expression at the single - cell level for many generations while maintaining a population of bacteria of similar age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also use the microchemostat to show how the population responds to dynamic changes in the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since more than 100 individual bacterial cells are aligned and immobilized in a single field of view , the microchemostat is an ideal platform for high - throughput intracellular measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate this capability by tracking with sub - diffraction resolution the movements of fluorescently tagged loci in more than one thousand cells on a single device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The device yields results comparable to conventional agar microscopy experiments with substantial increases in throughput and ease of analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - grade prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy among men using 5 alpha - reductase inhibitors and alpha - blockers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Two clinical trials have shown that users of 5 alpha - reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride ( 5 - ARIs ) have reduced overall prostate cancer risk , while the proportion of high - grade tumors is increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "finasteride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "dutasteride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied tumor characteristics , risk of biochemical recurrence and mortality after radical prostatectomy in 5 - ARI and alpha - blocker users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The study cohort consisted of 1 , 315 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at the Tampere University Hospital during 1995 - 2009 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical relapse was defined as serum PSA >= 0 . 2 ng / ml after the operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information on mortality and medication purchases was obtained from national registries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cox proportional regression was used to analyze hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CI ) of biochemical relapse and death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The proportion of high - grade ( Gleason 7 - 10 ) tumors was significantly elevated among men who had used 5 - ARIs for 4 years or longer compared to the non - users ( 83 . 3 % vs . 53 . 3 % , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Survival curves for biochemical relapse - free survival differed between long - term and short - term 5 - ARI users , but the hazard ratio remained statistically non - significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk of biochemical recurrence was elevated among alpha - blocker users ( HR 1 . 68 , 95 % CI 1 . 37 - 2 . 06 ) , but in sensitivity analyses this was evident only in men using alpha - blockers after prostatectomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality was not associated with medication usage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Long - term users of finasteride or dutasteride had more often high - grade prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "finasteride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "dutasteride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest also worse progression - free survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between risk of biochemical recurrence and post - operative alpha - blocker usage suggests that voiding or storage symptoms after prostatectomy may predict biochemical relapse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prostate (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals , Inc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( Iluvien (R) ) : in diabetic macular oedema .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Iluvien", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( Iluvien (R) ) is an injectable , non - erodible , corticosteroid implant that is approved in several European countries for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema ( DMO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "Iluvien", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In analyses of two multinational trials in patients with DMO previously treated with macular laser photocoagulation , fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant 0 . 2 mu g / day was significantly more efficacious than sham injection in improving visual acuity .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 24 months post injection , 29 % of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant 0 . 2 mu g / day recipients had an improvement in the best - corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) letter score of >= 15 compared with 16 % in the sham injection group ( p = 0 . 002 ) [ primary endpoint ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment benefit was most evident in the subgroup of patients whose duration of DMO was >= 3 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this subgroup at 36 months , 34 % of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant 0 . 2 mu g / day recipients had an increase in the BCVA score of >= 15 , compared with 13 % of sham injection recipients ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant recipients also had generally greater benefits than sham injection recipients on secondary endpoints .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients who were phakic in the study eye at baseline , cataracts occurred in 82 % of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant 0 . 2 mu g / day recipients and 51 % of sham injection recipients .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 37 % and 12 % of patients in the fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant and sham injection groups developed raised intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , which was generally controlled with IOP - lowering drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group I mGluRs evoke K - ATP current by intracellular Ca2 + mobilization in rat subthalamus neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Ca2 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reported previously that Ca ( 2 + ) influx through N - methly - d - aspartate - gated channels evokes ATP - sensitive K ( + ) ( K - ATP ) currents in rat subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "N - methly - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 132]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using whole - cell patch clamp recordings in brain slices , we investigated the ability of ( RS ) - 3 , 5 - dihydroxyphenylglycine ( DHPG ) , a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor ( mGluR ) agonist , to evoke K - ATP currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "( RS ) - 3 , 5 - dihydroxyphenylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 133]}, {"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 217]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHPG ( 20 micro M ) evoked outward current at - 70 mV and was associated with a positive slope conductance of 2 . 7 nS .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sulfonylurea agent tolbutamide ( 100 micro M ) converted the positive slope to negative slope conductance , indicating mediation by K - ATP channels ( ATP - sensitive K + channels ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonylurea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 137]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}, {"entity": "K +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currents evoked by DHPG were significantly reduced by a combination of mGluR1 and mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHPG - evoked outward current was blocked by cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin and mimicked by caffeine , suggesting mediation by release of intracellular Ca ( 2 + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "cyclopiazonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 63]}, {"entity": "thapsigargin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHPG outward current was also blocked by ryanodine and 2 - aminoethoxydiphenylborane , suggesting mediation by ryanodine - and inositol 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate - sensitive Ca ( 2 + ) release .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "2 - aminoethoxydiphenylborane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 84]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}, {"entity": "inositol 1 , 4 , 5 - triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 160]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester and inhibitors of protein kinase G activity also suppressed DHPG - induced outward current .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 79]}, {"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Voltage recordings showed that tolbutamide prolonged depolarizing plateau potentials and increased the spontaneous firing rate of STN neurons recorded in the presence of DHPG .", "entity": [{"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "DHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that group I mGluR stimulation generates K - ATP current by a nitric oxide - and protein kinase G - dependent process that is mediated by release of Ca ( 2 + ) from intracellular stores .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 61]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because burst firing is linked to symptoms of Parkinson ' s disease , we suggest that K - ATP channels might provide a physiologically important inhibitory influence on STN neuronal activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 87]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Internalization Pathways of Anisotropic Disc - Shaped Zeolite L Nanocrystals with Different Surface Properties in HeLa Cancer Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zeolite L", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information about the mechanisms underlying the interactions of nanoparticles with living cells is crucial for their medical application and also provides indications of the putative toxicity of such materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here the uptake and intracellular delivery of disc - shaped zeolite L nanocrystals as porous aminosilicates with well - defined crystal structure , uncoated as well as with COOH - , NH ( 2 ) - , polyethyleneglycol ( PEG ) - and polyallylamine hydrochloride ( PAH ) surface coatings are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "zeolite L", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "aminosilicates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}, {"entity": "COOH -", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "NH ( 2 ) -", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 192]}, {"entity": "polyethyleneglycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 213]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 219]}, {"entity": "polyallylamine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 256]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HeLa cells are used as a model system to demonstrate the relation between these particles and cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions are studied in terms of their fates under diverse in vitro cell culture conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differently charged coatings demonstrated dissimilar behavior in terms of agglomeration in media , serum protein adsorption , nanoparticle cytotoxicity and cell internalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also found that functionalized disc - shaped zeolite L particles enter the cancer cells via different , partly not yet characterized , pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These in vitro results provide additional insight about low - aspect ratio anisotropic nanoparticle interactions with cancer cells and demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the interactions of nanoparticles and cells by surface coating for the use of nanoparticles in medical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanostructural anisotropy underlies anisotropic electrical bistability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regular arrays of nanorods having asymmetric cross - sections are fabricated by a combination of electrodeposition and glancing - angle deposition ( GLAD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When these nanorods are embedded in a polymer matrix , they give rise to composite materials in which the structural anisotropy at the nanoscale translates into functional anisotropy in the form of direction - dependent electrical bistability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of this directional bistability depends on and can be controlled by the spacing between the nearby nanorods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative toxicological study of the novel protein phosphatase inhibitor 19 - Epi - okadaic acid in primary cultures of rat cerebellar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - Epi - okadaic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Okadaic acid ( OKA ) and analogues are frequent contaminants of coastal waters and seafood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Okadaic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure analysis of the isolated OKA analogue 19 - epi - OKA showed important conformation differences expected to result in lower protein phosphatase ( PP ) inhibitory potencies than OKA .", "entity": [{"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , 19 - epi - OKA and OKA inhibitory activities versus PP2A were unexpectedly found to be virtually equipotent .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the toxicological relevance of these findings , we tested the effects of 19 - epi - OKA on cultured cerebellar cells and compared them with those of OKA and its isomer dinophysistoxin - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "dinophysistoxin - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19 - epi - OKA caused degeneration of neurites and neuronal death with much lower potency than its congeners .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of 19 - epi - OKA that reduced after 24h the maximum neuronal survival ( EC5024 ) by 50 % was ~ 300nM compared with ~ 2nM and ~ 8nM for OKA and dinophysistoxin - 2 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}, {"entity": "dinophysistoxin - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to 19 - epi - OKA resulted also in less toxicity for cultured glial cells ( EC5024 , 19 - epi - OKA ~ 600nM ; EC5024 , OKA ~ 20nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "19 - epi - OKA induced apoptotic condensation and fragmentation of chromatin , activation of caspases , and activation of ERK1 / 2 MAP kinases , features previously reported for OKA and dinophysistoxin - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "dinophysistoxin - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , differential sensitivity to 19 - epi - OKA was observed between neuronal and glial cells , a specific characteristic shared by OKA and dinophysistoxin - 2 but not by other toxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "dinophysistoxin - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results are consistent with 19 - epi - OKA being included among the group of toxins of OKA and derivatives and support the suitability of cellular bioassays for the detection of these compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - epi - OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "OKA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxia stress test reveals exaggerated cardiovascular effects in hypertensive rats after exposure to the air pollutant acrolein .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality , especially in susceptible populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite increased risk , adverse responses are often delayed and require additional stress tests to reveal latent effects of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to use an episode of \" transient hypoxia \" as an extrinsic stressor to uncover latent susceptibility to environmental pollutants in a rodent model of hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that exposure to acrolein , an unsaturated aldehyde and mucosal irritant found in cigarette smoke , diesel exhaust , and power plant emissions , would increase cardiopulmonary sensitivity to hypoxia , particularly in hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto ( normotensive ) rats , implanted with radiotelemeters , were exposed once for 3h to 3 ppm acrolein gas or filtered air in whole - body plethysmograph chambers and challenged with a 10 % oxygen atmosphere ( 10min ) 24h later .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acrolein exposure increased heart rate , blood pressure , breathing frequency , and minute volume in hypertensive rats and also increased the heart rate variability parameter LF , suggesting a potential role for increased sympathetic tone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normotensive rats only had increased blood pressure during acrolein exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypoxia stress test after acrolein exposure revealed increased diastolic blood pressure only in hypertensive rats and increased minute volume and expiratory time only in normotensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that hypertension confers exaggerated sensitivity to air pollution and that the hypoxia stress test is a novel tool to reveal the potential latent effects of air pollution exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gobichelin A and B : Mixed - Ligand Siderophores Discovered Using Proteomics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gobichelin A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Omic \" strategies have been increasingly applied to natural product discovery processes , with ( meta - ) genome sequencing and mining implemented in many laboratories to date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the proteomics - based discovery platform called PrISM ( Proteomic Investigation of Secondary Metabolism ) , we discovered two new siderophores gobichelin A and B from Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "gobichelin A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NRRL F - 4415 , a strain without a sequenced genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the proteomics information as a guide , the 37 kb gene cluster responsible for production of gobichelins was sequenced and its 20 open reading frames interpreted into a biosynthetic scheme .", "entity": [{"entity": "gobichelins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to the targeted detection and structure elucidation of the new compounds produced by nonribosomal peptide ( NRP ) synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistic insight into inhibition of two - component system signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - component signal transduction systems ( TCSs ) are commonly used by bacteria to couple environmental stimuli to adaptive responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting the highly conserved kinase domain in these systems represents a promising strategy for the design of a broad - spectrum antibiotic ; however , development of such compounds has been marred by an incomplete understanding of the conserved binding features within the active site that could be exploited in molecule design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , a large percentage of the available TCS inhibitors demonstrate poor target specificity and act via multiple mechanisms , with aggregation of the kinase being the most notable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to elucidate the mode of action of some of these compounds , molecular modeling was employed to dock a suite of molecules into the ATP - binding domain of several histidine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effort revealed a key structural feature of the domain that is likely interacting with several known inhibitors and is also highly conserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , generation of several simplified scaffolds derived from a reported inhibitor and characterization of these compounds using activity assays , protein aggregation studies and saturation transfer differential ( STD ) NMR suggests that targeting of this protein feature may provide a basis for the design of ATP - competitive compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Hydroxytryptamine type 7 receptor neuroprotection against NMDA - induced excitotoxicity is PDGF beta receptor dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Hydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serotonin ( 5 - HT ) type 7 receptor is expressed throughout the CNS including the hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term ( 2 - 24 h ) activation of 5 - HT7 receptors regulates growth factor receptor expression , including the expression of platelet - derived growth factor ( PDGF ) beta receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct activation of PDGF beta receptors in primary hippocampal and cortical neurons inhibits NMDA receptor activity and attenuates NMDA receptor - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective was to investigate whether the 5 - HT7 receptor - induced increase in PDGF beta receptor expression would be similarly neuroprotective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that 5 - HT7 receptor agonist treatment in primary hippocampal neurons also increases the expression of phospholipase C ( PLC ) gamma , a downstream effector of PDGF beta receptors associated with the inhibition of NMDA receptor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if the up - regulation of PDGF beta receptors is neuroprotective , primary hippocampal neurons were incubated with the 5 - HT7 receptor agonist , LP 12 , for 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "LP 12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , LP 12 treatment prevented NMDA - induced neurotoxicity and this effect was dependent on PDGF beta receptor kinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "LP 12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of primary neurons with LP 12 also differentially altered NMDA receptor subunit expression , reducing the expression of NR1 and NR2B , but not NR2A .", "entity": [{"entity": "LP 12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate the potential for providing growth factor receptor - dependent neuroprotective effects using small - molecule ligands of G protein - coupled receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixed valency in hydrogen bonded ' dimers of dimers ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dimolybdenum quadruply bonded compounds containing a pendant lactam functional group form self - complementary hydrogen bonded ' dimers of dimers ' in the solid - state and CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimolybdenum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "lactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrochemical studies in CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 ) show two consecutive one - electron redox processes corresponding to oxidation of the Mo ( 2 ) ( 4 + ) cores .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH ( 2 ) Cl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "Mo ( 2 ) ( 4 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectroelectrochemical studies on the ' dimers of dimers ' show no evidence of intervalence charge transfer bands in the mixed valence radical cations formed by one - electron oxidation , indicating that they are examples of proton - coupled mixed valency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower physical activity is a risk factor for a clustering of metabolic risk factors in non - obese and obese Japanese subjects : The Takahata study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In several countries including Japan , people without obesity but with a clustering of metabolic risk factors ( MetRFs ) were not considered to have the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examined whether lifestyle characteristics differed between non - obese and obese subjects with or without a clustering of MetRFs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From a population - based cross - sectional study of Japanese subjects aged >= 40 years , 1 , 601 subjects ( age : 61 . 9 +/- 10 . 3 years ; 710 / 891 men / women ) were recruited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical activity status and daily nutritional intake were estimated using questionnaires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clustering of MetRFs was defined based on the presence of at least two non - essential risk factors for the diagnosis of the MetS in Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy intake was not higher in subjects with a clustering of MetRFs compared with those without .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among men , energy expenditure at work was significantly lower in non - obese ( 9 . 0 +/- 8 . 2 vs . 11 . 3 +/- 9 . 3 METs ( metabolic equivalents ) , P = . 025 ) and obese ( 9 . 0 +/- 7 . 9 vs . 11 . 6 +/- 9 . 4 METs , P = . 017 ) subjects with a clustering of MetRFs than in those without .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that energy expenditure at work was significantly associated with a clustering of MetRFs after adjusting for possible confounding factors including total energy intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ORs ( per 1 MET ( metabolic equivalent ) ) were 0 . 970 ( 95 % CI , 0 . 944 - 0 . 997 ; P = . 032 ) in non - obese men and 0 . 962 ( 0 . 926 - 0 . 999 ; P = . 043 ) in obese men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar associations were not observed in women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Japanese males , lower physical activity , but not excessive energy intake , is a risk factor for a clustering of MetRFs independent of their obesity status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug shortages in the United States : a critical evaluation of root causes and the need for action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Every day it is easy to find news articles detailing the impact of drug shortages on patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where this was once only a concern of patients with rare , orphan diseases , it is now the concern of patients receiving even the most common chemotherapeutic regimens , the most efficacious antimicrobial therapy , or even the most rapid - acting analgesics , largely as a result of manufacturing quality problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately for many of these patients , there are no efficacious alternatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Call to action : finding solutions for the drug shortage crisis in the United States .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In their article in this issue of CPT , Woodcock and Wosinska are the first to clearly outline the quality and manufacturing problems causing drug shortages of generic injectables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These authors have focused on the main issue , namely , that manufacturing problems and the lack of incentives for quality products are the primary reasons for most recent shortages of generic injectable drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anagliptin , a DPP - 4 inhibitor , suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscles and monocyte inflammatory reaction and attenuates atherosclerosis in male apo E - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dipeptyl peptidase - 4 ( DPP - 4 ) inhibitors modulate the progression of atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dipeptyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain insights into their mechanism of action , 9 - wk - old male apolipoprotein E ( apoE ) - deficient mice were fed a DPP - 4 inhibitor , anagliptin - containing diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of anagliptin were investigated in , a monocyte cell line , human THP - 1 cells , and rat smooth muscle cells ( SMCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with anagliptin for 16 wk significantly reduced accumulation of monocytes and macrophages in the vascular wall , SMC content in plaque areas , and oil red O - stained area around the aortic valve without affecting glucose tolerance or body weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "oil red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum DPP - 4 concentrations were significantly higher in apoE - deficient mice than control mice , and the levels increased with aging , suggesting the involvement of DPP - 4 in the progression of atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , soluble DPP - 4 augmented cultured SMC proliferation , and anagliptin suppressed the proliferation by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In THP - 1 cells , anagliptin reduced lipopolysaccharide - induced TNF - alpha production with inhibiting ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative analysis also showed that anagliptin reduced the area of atherosclerotic lesion in apoE - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that the anti - atherosclerotic effect of anagliptin is mediated , at least in part , through its direct inhibition of SMC proliferation and inflammatory reaction of monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "anagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A impacts midbrain dopamine neurons and hippocampal spine synapses in non - human primates .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalent use of bisphenol - A ( BPA ) in the manufacture of resins , plastics and paper products has led to frequent exposure of most people to this endocrine disruptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some rodent studies have suggested that BPA can exert detrimental effects on brain development .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However as rodent models cannot be relied on to predict consequences of human exposure to BPA during development , it is important to investigate the effects of BPA on non - human primate brain development .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous research suggests that BPA preferentially targets dopamine neurons in ventral mesencephalon and glutamatergic neurons in hippocampus , so the present work examined the susceptibility of these systems to low dose BPA exposure at the fetal and juvenile stages of development in non - human primates .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of pregnant rhesus monkeys to relatively low levels of BPA during the final 2 months of gestation , induced abnormalities in fetal ventral mesencephalon and hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , light microscopy revealed a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase - expressing ( dopamine ) neurons in the midbrain of BPA - exposed fetuses and electron microscopy identified a reduction in spine synapses in the CA1 region of hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , administration of BPA to juvenile vervet monkeys ( 14 - 18 months of age ) was without effect on these indices , or on dopamine and serotonin concentrations in striatum and prefrontal cortex , or on performance of a cognitive task that tests working memory capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that BPA exerts an age - dependent detrimental impact on primate brain development , at blood levels within the range measured in humans having only environmental contact with BPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of emerging biomarkers of liver injury in human subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatotoxicity remains a major challenge in drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) remains the gold standard biomarker of liver injury , alternative biomarker strategies to better predict the potential for severe drug - induced liver injury ( DILI ) are essential .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the utility of glutamate dehydrogenase ( GLDH ) , purine nucleoside phosphorylase ( PNP ) , malate dehydrogenase ( MDH ) , and paraxonase 1 ( PON1 ) as indicators of liver injury in cohorts of human subjects , including healthy subjects across age and gender , subjects with a variety of liver impairments , and several cases of acetaminophen poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "purine nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "malate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [358, 371]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the healthy subjects , levels of GLDH and MDH were not affected by age or gender .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reference ranges for GLDH and MDH in healthy subjects were 1 - 10 and 79 - 176U / L , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the levels of PON1 and PNP were not consistent across cohorts of healthy subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , GLDH and MDH had a strong correlation with elevated ALT levels and possessed a high predictive power for liver injury , as determined by ROC analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , PON1 and PNP did not detect liver injury in our study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , evaluation of patients with acetaminophen - induced liver injury provided evidence that both GLDH and MDH might have utility as biomarkers of DILI in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is the first to evaluate GLDH , MDH , PON1 , and PNP in a large number of human subjects and , and it provides an impetus for prospective clinical studies to fully evaluate the diagnostic value of GLDH and MDH for detection of liver injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene nanoribbons as an advanced precursor for making carbon fiber .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene oxide nanoribbons ( GONRs ) and chemically reduced graphene nanoribbons ( crGNRs ) were dispersed at high concentrations in chlorosulfonic acid to form anisotropic liquid crystal phases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "reduced graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "chlorosulfonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liquid crystal solutions were spun directly into hundreds of meters of continuous macroscopic fibers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship of fiber morphology to coagulation bath conditions was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of colloid concentration , annealing temperature , spinning air gap , and pretension during annealing on the fibers ' performance were also investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heat treatment of the as - spun GONR fibers at 1500 degrees C produced thermally reduced graphene nanoribbon ( trGNR ) fibers with a tensile strength of 378 MPa , Young ' s modulus of 36 . 2 GPa , and electrical conductivity of 285 S / cm , which is considerably higher than that in other reported graphene - derived fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "reduced graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This better trGNR fiber performance was due to the air gap spinning and annealing with pretension that produced higher molecular alignment within the fibers , as determined by X - ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific modulus of trGNR fibers is higher than that of the commercial general purpose carbon fibers and commonly used metals such as Al , Cu , and steel .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 145]}, {"entity": "steel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The properties of trGNR fibers can be further improved by optimizing the spinning conditions with higher draw ratio , annealing conditions with higher pretensions , and using longer flake GONRs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique is a new high - carbon - yield approach to make the next generation carbon fibers based on solution - based liquid crystal phase spinning .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - dependent changes in hepatic and intestinal induction of cytochrome P450 3A after administration of dexamethasone to rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract 1 . We investigated the effects of the dose of and the number of times an inducer was administered and the duration of induction of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A ( CYP3A ) in rats using dexamethasone 21 - phosphate ( DEX - P ) and midazolam ( MDZ ) as an inducer and a substrate to CYP3A , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone 21 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 235]}, {"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 261]}, {"entity": "MDZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . The number of times DEX - P was administered was not a significant factor in the induction of either hepatic or intestinal CYP3A ; however , administration of DEX - P multiple times markedly decreased the bioavailability of DEX - P by self - induction of CYP3A .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 . CYP3A induction in the liver increased depending on the dose of DEX - P , whereas that in intestine showed a mild increase , but the induction level was almost constant regardless of the dose of DEX - P .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . Administration of a single dose of DEX - P showed a temporal increase in CYP3A activity in both tissues and the induction ratios reached maximum values at 12 h after DEX - P administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "DEX - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , a mild increase of CYP3A activity , which lasted for at least 48 h , was observed in both tissues after administration of multiple doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 . Some physiological compounds such as cytokines might be involved in decreasing the CYP3A activity to maintain homeostasis of the body .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoinduced formation mechanism of the thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 ) adduct .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photoinduced mechanism leading to the formation of the thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 ) photolesion has been studied by using the CASPT2 / / CASSCF approach over a dinucleotide model in vacuo .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 86]}, {"entity": "dinucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following light absorption , localization of the excitation on a single thymine leads to fast singlet - triplet crossing that populates the triplet ( 3 ) ( n pi * ) state of thymine .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This state , displaying an elongated C ( 4 ) = O bond , triggers ( 6 - 4 ) dimer formation by reaction with the C ( 5 ) = C ( 6 ) double bond of the adjacent thymine , followed by a second intersystem crossing , which acts as a gate between the excited state of the reactant and the ground state of the photoproduct .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The requirement of localized excitation on just one thymine , whose main decay channel ( by radiationless repopulation of its ground state ) is nonphotochemical , can rationalize the experimentally observed low quantum yield of formation for the thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 ) adduct .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "thymine - thymine ( 6 - 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of effects of IR and IPC on activities of cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats by a five - drug cocktail approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Background and objective : To evaluate the effects of ischemia and reperfusion ( IR ) and ischemic preconditioning ( IPC ) on the metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) isozymes in rats by a five - drug cocktail approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Cocktail approach was used to evaluate the influence of IR and IPC on the activities of CYP1A2 , CYP2C9 , CYP2E1 , CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 , which were reflected by the changes of pharmacokinetic parameters of five specific probe drugs : caffeine , chlorzoxazone , tolbutamide , metoprolol and midazolam , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}, {"entity": "chlorzoxazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 266]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 280]}, {"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 293]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were randomly divided into IR , IPC and sham groups , and then injected the mixture of five probe drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood samples were collected at a series of time - points and the concentrations of probe drugs in plasma were determined by a HPLC method with UV detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of DAS 2 . 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The parameters including t ( 1 / 2 beta ) , CLs , AUC , MRT and K ( 10 ) exhibited a similar tendency for both IR and IPC groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with sham group , CLs and K ( 10 ) of five probe drugs were significantly lower ( p < 0 . 05 ) , AUC and t ( 1 / 2 beta ) of five or some probe drugs were significantly increased in IR and IPC groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with IPC group , CLs of five probe drugs were decreased and AUC were significantly increased in the IR group ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : IR can variably decrease the activities of CYP isozymes in rats and this decrease can be attenuated by IPC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro toxicity of camalexin derivatives in human cancer and non - cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "camalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of camalexin and its five synthetic derivatives in cancer and non - cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "camalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cancer cells the benzocamalexin ( BC ) displayed the most potent activity with an IC value of 23 . 3 - 30 . 1 mu mol / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzocamalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , minimal toxicity ( IC > 100 . 0 mu mol / L ) in non - cancer cells was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these results , BC was selected for further studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometric analysis revealed a BC - induced arrest of the cell cycle in the G2 phase associated with downregulation of alpha - tubulin , alpha 1 - tubulin , beta 5 - tubulin expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of BC is mediated via inhibition of microtubule formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , BC downregulated the expression of microtubule - related protein indicating the effect of this compound on microtubule assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After treatment with BC increase of the sub - G DNA content fraction was noted which is considered to be a marker of apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , quantitative real - time PCR showed that BC downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic genes Bcl - 2 and Bcl - xL and upregulated the expression of proapoptotic Bax .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our study suggests that the blockade of cell cycle progression and initiation of apoptosis may play an important role in the antiproliferative activity of BC in human cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antivenom therapy of carpet viper ( Echis ocellatus ) envenoming : Effectiveness and strategies for delivery in West Africa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In West Africa , response to specific , geographically appropriate , antivenom is often dramatic following carpet viper ( Echis ocellatus ) envenoming with rapid restoration of blood coagulability and resolution of spontaneous haemorrhage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Envenoming from Australasian snakes causing similar coagulopathies may respond less dramatically and the effectiveness of antivenom is being questioned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have reviewed and re - analysed all published preclinical and clinical studies on envenoming and antivenom therapy conducted in West Africa to determine the effectiveness of antivenom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "22 studies provided relevant information : 12 observational studies , 4 RCTs and 6 preclinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four comparative studies confirmed statistically significant protection against mortality ranging from 57 to 87 % using specific antivenoms compared to non - specific or no antivenoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meta - analysis estimated combined Odds Ratio ( 95 % CI ) of 0 . 25 ( 0 . 14 - 0 . 45 ) of dying among those treated with specific antivenom or 75 % ( 95 % CI : 55 - 86 % ) protection against death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality more than doubled during times when stocks of reliable antivenoms ran out , with Relative Risk ( 95 % CI ) ] of 2 . 33 ( 1 . 26 - 4 . 06 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum kinetics of venom antigen / antivenom levels also confirmed that decline of venom antigen levels coincided with resolution of coagulopathy while decline of antivenom levels was associated with venom antigen reappearance and recurrence of coagulopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preclinical and antivenomics analysis confirmed efficacy of regionally appropriate antivenoms against E . ocellatus and related species ' venoms in Sub - Saharan Africa but not against Asian Echis carinatus venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antivenoms raised against E . carinatus were ineffective in human studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In West Africa , specific antivenom is effective in managing carpet viper envenoming .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A centralized hub - and - spoke strategy is suggested for broadening antivenom access to endemic rural areas together with instituting quality assurance , standardization and manpower training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benefits , risks , cost - effectiveness and feasibility of the approach should be formally assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical aspects of bio - terrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Bioterrorism is a terrorist action involving the intentional release or dissemination of a biological warfare agent ( BWA ) , which includes some bacteria , viruses , rickettsiae , fungi or biological toxins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BWA is a naturally occurring or human - modified form that may kill or incapacitate humans , animals or plants as an act of war or terrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BWA is a weapon of choice for mass destruction and terrorism , because of the incubation period , less effective amount than chemical warfare agents , easily distribution , odorless , colorless , difficult to detect , no need of specialized equipment for production and naturally distribution which can easily be obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BWA may be disseminating as an aerosol , spray , explosive device , and by food or water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLASSIFICATION : Based on the risk for human health , BWAs have been prioritized into three categories of A , B and C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Category A includes microorganisms or toxins that easily spread , leading to intoxication with high death rates such as Anthrax , Botulism , Plague , Smallpox , Tularemia and Viral hemorrhagic fevers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Category B has lower toxicity with wider range , including Staphylococcal Entrotoxin type B ( SEB ) , Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens , Ricin , Saxotoxins , Abrin and Trichothecene mycotoxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saxotoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "Trichothecene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C category includes emerging pathogens that could also be engineered for mass spread such as Hanta viruses , multidrug - resistant tuberculosis , Nipah virus , the tick - borne encephalitis viruses , hemorrhagic fever viruses and yellow fever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BIOTOXINS IN HUMAN : Clinical features and severity of intoxication depend on the agent and exposed dose , route of entry , individual variation and environmental factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Onset of symptoms varies from 2 - 24 h in Ricin to 24 - 96 h in Botulism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical manifestations also vary from irritation of the eyes , skin and mucus membranes in T ( 2 ) toxin to an acute flaccid paralysis of bilateral cranial nerve impairment of descending manner in botulism .", "entity": [{"entity": "T ( 2 ) toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the pyrogenic toxins such as SEB produce the same signs and symptoms as toxic shock syndrome including a rapid drop in blood pressure , elevated temperature , and multiple organ failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MANAGEMENT : There is no specific antidote or effective treatment for most of the biotoxins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical management is thus more supportive and symptomatic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately vaccines are now available for most of BWA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , immunization of personnel at risk of exposure is recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Biotoxins are very wide and bioterrorism is a heath and security threat that may induce national and international problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the security authorities , health professional and even public should be aware of bioterrorism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonochemical effects on free phenolic acids under ultrasound treatment in a model system .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonochemical effects on seven free phenolic acids under ultrasound treatment in a model system have been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degradation products have also been tentatively identified by FTIR and HPLC - UV - ESIMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five phenolic acids ( protocatechuic acid , p - hydroxybenzoic acid , vanillic acid , p - coumaric acid , and ferulic acid ) proved to be stable , while two others ( caffeic acid and sinapic acid ) were degraded under ultrasound treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "protocatechuic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 41]}, {"entity": "p - hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 67]}, {"entity": "vanillic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "p - coumaric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nature of the solvent and the temperature has been identified as important factors in determining the degradation reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquid height , ultrasonic intensity , and duty cycle of the ultrasound exposure affected only the degradation rate and did not change the nature of the degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degradation rates of caffeic acid and sinapic acid decreased with increasing temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degradation kinetics of these two acids under ultrasound conformed to zeroth - order reactions at - 5 to 25 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both decomposition and polymerization reactions occurred when caffeic acid and sinapic acid were subjected to ultrasound .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "sinapic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Degradation products , such as the corresponding decarboxylation products and their dimers , have been tentatively identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a key aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in gentamicin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Micromonospora as the important anti - infective agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gentamicin which lacks 3 ' - hydroxyl group can avoid the attack from the modification enzymes of antibiotic - resistant bacteria in clinic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "3 ' - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , C - 3 ' dehydroxylation is the key step in gentamicins biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suppose that there are some enzymes responsible for converting intermediate JI - 20A to 3 ' , 4 ' - bisdehydroxylated final product gentamicin C ( 1a ) , while phosphorylation of 3 ' - OH is possibly the first step for C - 3 ' dehydroxylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "JI - 20A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "gentamicin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "3 ' - OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gentamicin biosynthetic gene gntI , encoding an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase , was cloned from Micromonospora echinospora ATCC15835 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting phosphotransferase was purified , and the kinetic parameters for Kanamycin A , Kanamycin B , Neomycin B and Amikacin were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kanamycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "Kanamycin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "Neomycin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "Amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elucidation of NMR data of phosphorylated kanamycin B has unambiguously demonstrated a regiospecific phosphorylation of 3 ' - hydroxyl of the 6 - aminohexose ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorylated kanamycin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 53]}, {"entity": "3 ' - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 134]}, {"entity": "6 - aminohexose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results described here partly confirm that the 3 ' - dehydroxylation step is preceded by a 3 ' phosphorylation step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is predicted that GntI belongs to a new aminoglycoside phosphotransferase group involved with aminoglycoside antibiotics biosynthesis pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship of cellular topoisomerase II alpha inhibition to cytotoxicity and published genotoxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in V79 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoroquinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoroquinolone ( FQ ) antibiotics are bacteriocidal through inhibition of the bacterial gyrase and at sufficient concentrations in vitro , they can inhibit the homologous eukaryotic topoisomerase ( TOPO ) II enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoroquinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FQ exert a variety of genotoxic effects in mammalian systems through mechanisms not yet established , but which are postulated to involve inhibition of TOPO II enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the relationship of inhibition of cell nuclear TOPO II to cytotoxicity and reported genotoxicity , two FQ , clinafloxacin ( CLFX ) and lomefloxacin ( LOFX ) , having available genotoxicity data showing substantial differences with CLFX being more potent than LOFX , were selected for study .", "entity": [{"entity": "clinafloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "lomefloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 245]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative inhibitory activities of these FQ on nuclear TOPO II alpha in cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts ( V79 cells ) over dose ranges and at equimolar concentrations were assessed by measuring nuclear stabilized cleavage complexes of TOPO II alpha - DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity was measured by relative cell counts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both FQ inhibited V79 cell nuclear TOPO II alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest - observed - adverse - effect levels for TOPO II alpha inhibition were 55 mu M for CLFX , and 516 mu M for LOFX .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The no - observed - adverse - effect - levels were 41 mu M for CLFX , and 258 mu M for LOFX .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At equimolar concentrations ( 175 mu M ) , CLFX was more potent than LOFX .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise , CLFX was more cytotoxic than LOFX .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "LOFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the two FQ , inhibited TOPO II alpha in intact V79 cells , differed in their potencies and exhibited no - observed - adverse - effect levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are in concordance with published genotoxicity data and observed cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGF - I signaling is essential for FSH stimulation of AKT and steroidogenic genes in granulosa cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FSH and IGF - I synergistically stimulate gonadal steroid production ; conversely , silencing the FSH or the IGF - I genes leads to infertility and hypogonadism .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the molecular link between these hormones , we examined the signaling cross talk downstream of their receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In human and rodent granulosa cells ( GCs ) , IGF - I potentiated the stimulatory effects of FSH and cAMP on the expression of steroidogenic genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , inhibition of IGF - I receptor ( IGF - IR ) activity or expression using pharmacological , genetic , or biochemical approaches prevented the FSH - and cAMP - induced expression of steroidogenic genes and estradiol production .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo experiments demonstrated that IGF - IR inactivation reduces the stimulation of steroidogenic genes and follicle growth by gonadotropins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FSH or IGF - I alone stimulated protein kinase B ( PKB ) , which is also known as AKT and in combination synergistically increased AKT phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , blocking IGF - IR expression or activity decreased AKT basal activity and abolished AKT activation by FSH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In GCs lacking IGF - IR activity , FSH stimulation of Cyp19 expression was rescued by overexpression of constitutively active AKT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings demonstrate , for the first time , that in human , mouse , and rat GCs , the well - known stimulatory effect of FSH on Cyp19 and AKT depends on IGF - I and on the expression and activation of the IGF - IR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palladium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen - doped HOPG : a surface science and electrochemical study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palladium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated by photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy what are the chemical and structural changes induced by nitrogen ion implantation ( 500 eV ) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and how the defects induced by this process modify the growth and thermal stability of palladium nanoparticles , deposited in situ by physical vapour deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}, {"entity": "palladium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since nitrogen derived defects are mostly buried below the surface , they are not accessible for a chemical interaction with metal nanoparticles ; however , the amorphization induced by the ion beam in the outermost layers of the substrate beneficially affects the metal morphology , limiting the size of the nanoparticles and improving their thermal stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The supported nanoparticles have been tested towards the oxygen reduction reaction indicating that the electrochemical activity does not depend significantly on the ion implantation , but mostly on the amount of palladium .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "palladium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic profiles of brain metastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastasis to the brain is a feared complication of systemic cancer , associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A better understanding of the tumor metabolism might help us meet the challenges in controlling brain metastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study aims to characterize the metabolic profile of brain metastases of different origin using high resolution magic angle spinning ( HR - MAS ) magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( MRS ) to correlate the metabolic profiles to clinical and pathological information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biopsy samples of human brain metastases ( n = 49 ) were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant correlation between lipid signals and necrosis in brain metastases was observed ( p < 0 . 01 ) , irrespective of their primary origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal component analysis ( PCA ) showed that brain metastases from malignant melanomas cluster together , while lung carcinomas were metabolically heterogeneous and overlap with other subtypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastatic melanomas have higher amounts of glycerophosphocholine than other brain metastases .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerophosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant correlation between microscopically visible lipid droplets estimated by Nile Red staining and MR visible lipid signals was observed in metastatic lung carcinomas ( p = 0 . 01 ) , indicating that the proton MR visible lipid signals arise from cytoplasmic lipid droplets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nile Red", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRS - based metabolomic profiling is a useful tool for exploring the metabolic profiles of metastatic brain tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low oxygen tension maintains multipotency , whereas normoxia increases differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC ) culture conditions is of great importance for their more successful application in regenerative medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O ( 2 ) regulates various aspects of cellular biology and , in vivo , MSC are exposed to different O ( 2 ) concentrations spanning from very low tension in the bone marrow niche , to higher amounts in wounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our present work , we isolated mouse bone marrow stromal cells ( BMSC ) and showed that they contained a population meeting requirements for MSC definition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to establish the effect of low O ( 2 ) on cellular properties , we examined BSMC cultured under hypoxic ( 3 % O ( 2 ) ) conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that 3 % O ( 2 ) augmented proliferation of BMSC , as well as the formation of colonies in the colony - forming unit assay ( CFU - A ) , the percentage of quiescent cells , and the expression of stemness markers Rex - 1 and Oct - 4 , thereby suggesting an increase in the stemness of culture when exposed to hypoxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , intrinsic differentiation processes were inhibited by 3 % O ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall yield of differentiation was dependent on the adjustment of O ( 2 ) tension to the specific stage of BMSC culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we established a strategy for efficient BMSC in vitro differentiation using an initial phase of cell propagation at 3 % O ( 2 ) , followed by differentiation stage at 21 % O ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrated that 3 % O ( 2 ) affected BMSC differentiation in p53 and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) independent pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings can significantly contribute to the obtaining of high - quality MSC for effective cell therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first dehydration and the competing reaction pathways of glucose homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed by acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dehydration mechanisms for glucose in beta - pyranose ( BP ) and in open - chain ( OC ) forms , catalyzed by acids homogeneously and heterogeneously , were investigated using density functional and two - layer ONIOM calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "beta - pyranose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first dehydration reaction and competing reaction pathways are the main focus of the present study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The energetics of five dehydration and two isomerization pathways were examined for the protonated form of BP in acidic aqueous solutions and the most favorable pathway of these was found to be the dehydration at the anomeric site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No dehydration pathway of OC glucose is favored over its isomerization to BP or to fructose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative ease of dehydration over isomerization depends on the selection of the reaction media for the protonated form of BP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two reaction pathways catalyzed by a surface Br o nsted acid site were then examined and the isomerization pathway was found to be more favorable than dehydration at the anomeric site on a surface acid site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mechanistic insights provide an important guide for the catalyst design / selection of the reaction media for glucose dehydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early - Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profiles Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEMany studies of diabetes have examined risk factors at the time of diabetes diagnosis instead of considering the lifetime burden of adverse risk factor levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the 30 - year cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factor burden that participants have up to the time of diabetes diagnosis . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAmong participants free of CVD , incident diabetes cases ( fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg / dL or treatment ) occurring at examinations 2 through 8 ( 1979 - 2008 ) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort were age - and sex - matched 1 : 2 to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CVD risk factors ( hypertension , high LDL cholesterol , low HDL cholesterol , high triglycerides , obesity ) were measured at the time of diabetes diagnosis and at time points 10 , 20 , and 30 years prior .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditional logistic regression was used to compare risk factor levels at each time point between diabetes cases and controls . RESULTSWe identified 525 participants with new - onset diabetes who were matched to 1 , 049 controls ( mean age , 60 years ; 40 % women ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with those without diabetes , individuals who eventually developed diabetes had higher levels of hypertension ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 2 . 2 ; P = 0 . 003 ) , high LDL ( OR , 1 . 5 ; P = 0 . 04 ) , low HDL ( OR , 2 . 1 ; P = 0 . 0001 ) , high triglycerides ( OR , 1 . 7 ; P = 0 . 04 ) , and obesity ( OR , 3 . 3 ; P < 0 . 0001 ) at time points 30 years before diabetes diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After further adjustment for BMI , the ORs for hypertension ( OR , 1 . 9 ; P = 0 . 02 ) and low HDL ( OR , 1 . 7 ; P = 0 . 01 ) remained statistically significant . CONCLUSIONSCVD risk factors are increased up to 30 years before diagnosis of diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings highlight the importance of a life course approach to CVD risk factor identification among individuals at risk for diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Television Viewing and Low Leisure - Time Physical Activity in Adolescence Independently Predict the Metabolic Syndrome in Mid - Adulthood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEWe investigated whether television ( TV ) viewing and low leisure - time physical activity in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in mid - adulthood . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTV viewing habits and participation in leisure - time physical activity at age 16 years were assessed by self - administered questionnaires in a population - based cohort in Northern Sweden .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was ascertained in 888 participants ( 82 % of the baseline sample ) using the International Diabetes Federation criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Odds ratios ( ORs ) and CIs were calculated using logistic regression . RESULTSThe overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 26 . 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adjusted OR for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 2 . 14 ( 95 % CI 1 . 24 - 3 . 71 ) for those who reported \" watching several shows a day \" versus \" one show / week \" or less and 2 . 31 ( 1 . 13 - 4 . 69 ) for leisure - time physical activity \" several times / month \" or less compared with \" daily \" leisure - time physical activity at age 16 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TV viewing at age 16 years was associated with central obesity , low HDL cholesterol , and hypertension at age 43 years , whereas low leisure - time physical activity at age 16 years was associated with central obesity and triglycerides at age 43 years . CONCLUSIONSBoth TV viewing and low leisure - time physical activity in adolescence independently predicted the metabolic syndrome and several of the metabolic syndrome components in mid - adulthood .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that reduced TV viewing in adolescence , in addition to regular physical activity , may contribute to cardiometabolic health later in life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "25 - Hydroxyvitamin D in Obese Youth Across the Spectrum of Glucose Tolerance From Normal to Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - Hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVETo 1 ) determine if plasma 25 - hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 [ OH ] D ) concentrations differ among obese youth with normal glucose tolerance ( NGT ) versus prediabetes versus type 2 diabetes , and 2 ) assess the relationships between 25 ( OH ) D and in vivo insulin sensitivity and beta - cell function in this cohort . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma 25 ( OH ) D concentrations were examined in banked specimens in 9 - to 20 - year - old obese youth ( n = 175 ; male 42 . 3 % , black 46 . 3 % ) ( NGT , n = 105 ; impaired glucose tolerance [ IGT ] , n = 43 ; type 2 diabetes , n = 27 ) who had in vivo insulin sensitivity and secretion measured by hyperinsulinemic - euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp techniques and had an assessment of total body composition and abdominal adiposity . RESULTSThe mean age and BMI of the subjects were 14 . 3 +/- 2 . 1 years and 35 . 7 +/- 5 . 6 kg / m ( 2 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "25 [ OH ] D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 248]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [357, 368]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [528, 535]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMI , plasma 25 ( OH ) D , and the proportion of vitamin D - deficient and - insufficient children did not differ across the three groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , there was no association between 25 ( OH ) D and in vivo insulin sensitivity or beta - cell function relative to insulin sensitivity ( disposition index ) in all groups combined or in each group separately . CONCLUSIONSOur data in obese youth show 1 ) no differences in plasma 25 ( OH ) D concentrations across the glucose tolerance groups , and 2 ) no relationship between 25 ( OH ) D and in vivo insulin sensitivity and beta - cell function relative to insulin sensitivity in any of the groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [291, 302]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 336]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 399]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains uncertain if enhancement of the vitamin D status could improve pathophysiological mechanisms of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in obese youth .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin D , parathyroid hormone , and their association with metabolic syndrome in Chinese .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing evidence suggests that 25 - hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] and parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , we explored the association of serum 25 ( OH ) D and PTH levels with MetS in 1 , 390 Chinese participants , aged 20 - 83 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthropometric phenotypes , blood pressure , and the incidence of MetS were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , serum lipids , 25 ( OH ) D , and PTH were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median concentration of 25 ( OH ) D and PTH were 55 . 3 nmol / l and 2 . 8 pmol / l , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ( < 50 nmol / l ) was 39 . 9 % , with 34 . 5 % in men and 47 . 8 % in women .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After accounting for confounding factors and serum PTH , a 10 nmol / l higher serum 25 ( OH ) D level was associated with a 10 % lower risk of MetS ( OR = 0 . 90 , 95 % CI 0 . 84 - 0 . 96 , P = 0 . 0007 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , participants with vitamin D sufficiency had a 35 % lower risk of MetS than those with vitamin D deficiency ( OR = 0 . 65 , 95 % CI 0 . 51 - 0 . 84 , P = 0 . 0009 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTH was not associated with the risk of MetS after adjustment for confounding factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were confirmed in both men and women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus in this cohort of Chinese individuals , vitamin D deficiency is common and optimal vitamin D level is inversely associated with MetS , independent of several confounders and PTH level .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical significance of these findings warrants further study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel type II fatty acid biosynthesis ( FAS II ) inhibitors as multistage antimalarial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and poses a major medical risk in large parts of the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of new , affordable antimalarial drugs is of vital importance as there are increasing reports of resistance to the currently available therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , most of the current drugs used for chemoprophylaxis merely act on parasites already replicating in the blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this point , a patient might already be suffering from the symptoms associated with the disease and could additionally be infectious to an Anopheles mosquito .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These insects act as a vector , subsequently spreading the disease to other humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to cure not only malaria but prevent transmission as well , a drug must target both the blood - and pre - erythrocytic liver stages of the parasite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P . falciparum ( Pf ) enoyl acyl carrier protein ( ACP ) reductase ( ENR ) is a key enzyme of plasmodial type II fatty acid biosynthesis ( FAS II ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "enoyl acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown to be essential for liver - stage development of Plasmodium berghei and is therefore qualified as a target for true causal chemoprophylaxis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using virtual screening based on two crystal structures of PfENR , we identified a structurally novel class of FAS inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent chemical optimization yielded two compounds that are effective against multiple stages of the malaria parasite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two most promising derivatives were found to inhibit blood - stage parasite growth with IC ( 50 ) values of 1 . 7 and 3 . 0 mu M and lead to a more prominent developmental attenuation of liver - stage parasites than the gold - standard drug , primaquine .", "entity": [{"entity": "primaquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Robust Route to Enzymatically Functional , Hierarchically Self - Assembled Peptide Frameworks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of enzyme biofunctionality to self - assembling peptide nanofibers is challenging since such additions can inhibit functionality or self - assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We introduce a method for peptide nanofiber enzyme functionalization , demonstrated by the attachment of a polymerization synthase to peptide nanofibers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme generates a biocompatible , biodegradable biopolyester coat on the fibers with applicablity in medical engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach provides a template for generation of functional bionanomaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state NMR study reveals collagen I structural modifications of amino acid side chains upon fibrillogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , collagen I , the major structural protein in human body , is found assembled into fibrils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , we study a high concentrated collagen sample in its soluble , fibrillar , and denatured states using one and two dimensional { ( 1 ) H } - ( 13 ) C solid - state NMR spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We interpret ( 13 ) C chemical shift variations in terms of dihedral angle conformation changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data show that fibrillogenesis increases the side chain and backbone structural complexity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , only three to five rotameric equilibria are found for each amino acid residue , indicating a relatively low structural heterogeneity of collagen upon fibrillogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using side chain statistical data , we calculate equilibrium constants for a great number of amino acid residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , based on a ( 13 ) C quantitative spectrum , we estimate the percentage of residues implicated in each equilibrium .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that fibril formation greatly affects hydroxyproline and proline prolyl pucker ring conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyproline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "proline prolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we discuss the implication of these structural data and propose a model in which the attractive force of fibrillogenesis comes from a structural reorganization of 10 to 15 % of the amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results allow us to further understand the self - assembling process and fibrillar structure of collagen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detecting Allosteric Sites of HIV - 1 Reverse Transcriptase by X - ray Crystallographic Fragment Screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV - 1 reverse transcriptase ( RT ) undergoes a series of conformational changes during viral replication and is a central target for antiretroviral therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intrinsic flexibility of RT can provide novel allosteric sites for inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystals of RT that diffract X - rays to better than 2 A resolution facilitated the probing of RT for new druggable sites using fragment screening by X - ray crystallography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 775 fragments were grouped into 143 cocktails , which were soaked into crystals of RT in complex with the non - nucleoside drug rilpivirine ( TMC278 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "TMC278", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven new sites were discovered , including the Incoming Nucleotide Binding , Knuckles , NNRTI Adjacent , and 399 sites , located in the polymerase region of RT , and the 428 , RNase H Primer Grip Adjacent , and 507 sites , located in the RNase H region .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of these sites ( Knuckles , NNRTI Adjacent , and Incoming Nucleotide Binding ) are inhibitory and provide opportunities for discovery of new anti - AIDS drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cluster phases of decorated micellar solutions with macrocyclic ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An aqueous self - assembled micellar system ( sodium dodecyl sulfate , SDS , decorated with various adhesive sites , cryptand Kryptofix 222 and crown ether 18 - Crown - 6 molecules ) has been investigated by dynamic light scattering ( DLS ) and small angle x - ray scattering ( SAXS ) to have insights into the micellar structure , the micellar interactions , and the aggregation properties of the system .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "cryptand", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "Kryptofix 222", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "crown ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "18 - Crown - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DLS demonstrates the existence of populations of aggregates in the submicrometer / micrometer range , while the Guinier analysis of the SAXS curves helps in detailing objects smaller than 30 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aggregates of micelles are here named cluster phases of micelles ( CPMs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering that SDS micelles in water do not aggregate at low concentration , it is shown that macrocyclic ligands induce the SDS micelle aggregation as a function of the concentration ( i . e . , investigated ligand / SDS molar ratios are 5 . 0 , 1 . 5 , 1 . 0 , and 0 . 5 ) and hydrophobicity of the adhesive sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sizes and the percentages of the micelles and the CPMs have been monitored to test the stability and reversibility of the system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DLS results clearly show that the aggregation processes of the decorated micelles are reproducible at time intervals of the order of 1 month , while the stability may not be entirely maintained after a year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an issue of particular relevance , the higher the ligand / surfactant molar ratio , the larger are the CPMs induced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The K222 ligand results in being more effective in promoting the micellar aggregation than 18C6 as a consequence of the different hydrophobicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "K222", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "18C6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Personality and the acute subjective effects of d - amphetamine in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is evidence that subjective responses to psychoactive drugs are related to personality traits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we extend previous findings by examining personality measures in relation to acute responses to d - amphetamine ( AMPH ) in a large sample of healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "AMPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthy adults ( n = 286 ) completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Brief Form ( MPQ - BF ) and participated in four sessions during which they received oral AMPH ( 0 , 5 , 10 , 20 mg ) , under double - blind conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjective responses to the drug were measured using the Profile of Mood States , Addiction Research Center Inventory , and Drug Effects Questionnaire .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug responses were reduced via principal components analysis to three higher - order factors ( ' Euphoria ' , ' Arousal ' , ' Dysphoria ' ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were rank ordered on selected MPQ - BF scales ; the top and bottom third on each trait were compared on the drug response factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High trait physical fearlessness was significantly associated with greater amphetamine - related Arousal , and high trait reward sensitivity was significantly associated with greater Euphoria .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , high trait impulsivity was significantly associated with greater Arousal and Euphoria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide further evidence that individual differences in the subjective effects of AMPH are partially explained by differences in personality , and are consistent with the idea that both personality and responses to stimulants depend upon shared neurochemical systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - plane coassembly route to atomically thick inorganic - organic hybrid nanosheets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control over the anisotropic assembly of small building blocks into organized structures is considered an effective way to design organic nanosheets and atomically thick inorganic nanosheets with nonlayered structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is still no available route so far to control the assembly of inorganic and organic building blocks into a flattened hybrid nanosheet with atomic thickness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we highlight for the first time a universal in - plane coassembly process for the design and synthesis of transition - metal chalcogenide - alkylamine inorganic - organic hybrid nanosheets with atomic thickness .", "entity": [{"entity": "transition - metal chalcogenide - alkylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure , formation mechanism , and stability of the hybrid nanosheets were investigated in detail by taking the Co 9 S 8 - oleylamine ( Co 9 S 8 - OA ) hybrid nanosheets as an example .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co 9 S 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "oleylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "Co 9 S 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both experimental data and theoretical simulations demonstrate that the hybrid nanosheets were formed by in - plane connection of small two - dimensional ( 2D ) Co 9 S 8 nanoplates via oleylamine molecules adsorbed at the side surface and corner sites of the nanoplates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co 9 S 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "oleylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study reveals the structure distortion of the small 2D Co 9 S 8 nanoplates that endows structural stability of the atomically thick Co 9 S 8 - OA hybrid nanosheets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co 9 S 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "Co 9 S 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brand new atomically thick nanosheets with inorganic - organic hybrid network nanostructure will not only enrich the family of atomically thick 2D nanosheets but also inspire more interest in their potential applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted drug delivery to treat pain and cerebral hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited drug penetration is an obstacle that is often encountered in treatment of central nervous system ( CNS ) diseases including pain and cerebral hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past several years , biochemical characteristics of the brain ( i . e . , tight junction protein complexes at brain barrier sites , expression of influx and efflux transporters ) have been shown to be directly involved in determining CNS permeation of therapeutic agents ; however , the vast majority of these studies have focused on understanding those mechanisms that prevent drugs from entering the CNS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , this paradigm has shifted toward identifying and characterizing brain targets that facilitate CNS drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such targets include the organic anion - transporting polypeptides ( OATPs in humans ; Oatps in rodents ) , a family of sodium - independent transporters that are endogenously expressed in the brain and are involved in drug uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OATP / Oatp substrates include drugs that are efficacious in treatment of pain and / or cerebral hypoxia ( i . e . , opioid analgesic peptides , 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This clearly suggests that OATP / Oatp isoforms are viable transporter targets that can be exploited for optimization of drug delivery to the brain and , therefore , improved treatment of CNS diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes recent knowledge in this area and emphasizes the potential that therapeutic targeting of OATP / Oatp isoforms may have in facilitating CNS drug delivery and distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , information presented in this review will point to novel strategies that can be used for treatment of pain and cerebral hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Molecular - Modeling Toolbox Aimed at Bridging the Gap between Medicinal Chemistry and Computational Sciences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current era of high - throughput drug discovery and development , molecular modeling has become an indispensable tool for identifying , optimizing and prioritizing small - molecule drug candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The required background in computational chemistry and the knowledge of how to handle the complex underlying protocols , however , might keep medicinal chemists from routinely using in silico technologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective is to encourage those researchers to exploit existing modeling technologies more frequently through easy - to - use graphical user interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this account , we present two innovative tools ( which we are prepared to share with academic institutions ) facilitating computational tasks commonly utilized in drug discovery and development : ( 1 ) the VirtualDesignLab estimates the binding affinity of small molecules by simulating and quantifying their binding to the three - dimensional structure of a target protein ; and ( 2 ) the MD Client launches molecular dynamics simulations aimed at exploring the time - dependent stability of ligand - protein complexes and provides residue - based interaction energies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows medicinal chemists to identify sites of potential improvement in their candidate molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a case study , we present the application of our tools towards the design of novel antagonists for the FimH adhesin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactivity and applications of sulphated polysaccharides from marine microalgae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans , such as Arthrospira ( formerly , Spirulina ) , and for animals in aquaculture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review puts up - to - date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides , active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae , which are , most of the times , released into the surrounding medium ( exo - or extracellular polysaccharides , EPS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides ( sPS ) or their derivatives , but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic , or as biolubricant agents and drag - reducers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals , therapeutic agents , cosmetics , or in other areas , such as engineering , are approached in this review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalytic transformation of alcohols to carboxylic acid salts and H2 using water as the oxygen atom source .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids is an important industrial reaction used in the synthesis of bulk and fine chemicals .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most current processes are performed by making use of either stoichiometric amounts of toxic oxidizing agents or the use of pressurized dioxygen .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe an alternative dehydrogenative pathway effected by water and base with the concomitant generation of hydrogen gas .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A homogeneous ruthenium complex catalyses the transformation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acid salts at low catalyst loadings ( 0 . 2 mol % ) in basic aqueous solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "ruthenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A consequence of this finding could be a safer and cleaner process for the synthesis of carboxylic acids and their derivatives at both laboratory and industrial scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxylic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased impulsive choice for saccharin during PCP withdrawal in female monkeys : influence of menstrual cycle phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : In previous studies with male and female rhesus monkeys , withdrawal of access to oral phencyclidine ( PCP ) self - administration reduced responding for food under a high fixed - ratio ( FR ) schedule more in males than females , and with a delay discounting ( DD ) task with saccharin ( SACC ) as the reinforcer impulsive choice for SACC increased during PCP withdrawal more in males than females .", "entity": [{"entity": "phencyclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 299]}, {"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 306]}, {"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 352]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [370, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of PCP ( 0 . 25 or 0 . 5 mg / ml ) withdrawal on impulsive choice for SACC in females during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : In component 1 , PCP and water were available from two drinking spouts for 1 . 5 h sessions under concurrent FR 16 schedules .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In component 2 , a SACC solution was available for 45 min under a DD schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monkeys had a choice of one immediate SACC delivery ( 0 . 6 ml ) or six delayed SACC deliveries , and the delay was increased by 1 s after a response on the delayed lever and decreased by 1 s after a response on the immediate lever .", "entity": [{"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was then a 10 - day water substitution phase , or PCP withdrawal , that occurred during the mid - follicular phase ( days 7 - 11 ) or the late luteal phase ( days 24 - 28 ) of the menstrual cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Access to PCP and concurrent water was then restored , and the PCP withdrawal procedure was repeated over several follicular and luteal menstrual phases .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : PCP deliveries were higher during the luteal ( vs follicular ) phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impulsive choice was greater during the luteal ( vs follicular ) phase during withdrawal of the higher PCP concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : PCP withdrawal was associated with elevated impulsive choice for SACC , especially in the luteal ( vs follicular ) phase of the menstrual cycle in female monkeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "SACC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A donor - acceptor type organic dye connected with a quinoidal thiophene for dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoidal thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A donor - acceptor type organic dye connected with a quinoidal thiophene as a pi - conjugated chain , cyano - [ 5 ' - ( 4 ' ' - ( N , N - dimethylamino ) benzylidene ) - 5H - thiophen - 2 ' - ylidene ] acetic acid , was synthesized and applied to dye - sensitized solar cells ( DSSCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoidal thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "cyano - [ 5 ' - ( 4 ' ' - ( N , N - dimethylamino ) benzylidene ) - 5H - thiophen - 2 ' - ylidene ] acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absorption band of this quinoidal thiophene dye appeared at longer wavelengths than those of dyes with similar pi - conjugation length , indicating the effective pi - conjugation through the quinoidal structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoidal thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the excited state of the quinoidal thiophene dye is deactivated within several picoseconds even in solution , the DSSCs using the quinoidal thiophene dye showed incident photon to current conversion efficiency ( IPCE ) values of more than 90 % , demonstrating the fast and efficient electron injection from the excited dye to TiO ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinoidal thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "quinoidal thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [335, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By optimizing the fabrication conditions , the DSSC using this dye afforded a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5 . 2 % , without enlarging the molecular size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress and alteration of biochemical markers in liver and kidney by malathion in rat pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of malathion exposure through maternal milk on oxidative stress , functional an metabolic parameters in kidney and liver of rat pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that lactational exposure to malation ( 200 mg / kg , body weight ( bw ) ) induced an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase in malondialdhyde ( MDA ) content , reflecting lipoperoxidation , a decrease in thiol groups ' content as well as depletion of enzyme activities as a superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase ( CAT ) on postnatal days ( Pnds ) 21 and 51 .", "entity": [{"entity": "malation", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "malondialdhyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 228]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the current study showed that malathion induced liver and kidney dysfunctions demonstrated by considerable increase in phosphatase alkaline ( PAL ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) activities as well as total and direct bilirubin , creatinine urea and acid uric contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 207]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 281]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 294]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 299]}, {"entity": "acid uric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed an increase in triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) and a decrease in high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL - C ) in the plasma of treated rat pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings evidenced that malathion exposure during lactation through maternal milk of rats pups induced kidney and liver oxidative stress as well as functional and metabolic disorders that play a role in the development of others pathologies as cardiovascular diseases and cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "malathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 10 involvement in exposure to low dose of benzene .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To establish if serum levels of interleukin - 10 ( IL - 10 ) in subjects exposed to benzene are connected with age , working years , and employment age .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We evaluated serum levels of IL - 10 in 51 employees working in oil refinery ( group A ) and in 16 office workers who resided in the same area ( group B ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There was no statistically significant difference between serum concentrations of IL - 10 in groups A and B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a statistically significant dependent relationship in group A between age , working years , and serum concentration of IL - 10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a statistically significant and positive dependent relationship in group A between serum concentration of IL - 10 and employment age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The role played by IL - 10 in benzene immune suppression may be relevant and attention should be directed toward assessment of age , working years , and employment age in benzene - exposed populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of sodium and calcium in Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxicity of manufactured silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) has been widely studied , but the influence of AgNPs on the major ions ( such as sodium [ Na ] and calcium [ Ca ] ) regulations are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 166]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , a freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna was exposed to commercial AgNPs coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyvinylpyrrolidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 48 h , the Na body content was significantly reduced by AgNO3 exposure , but the Ca body content was significantly increased under AgNO3 and AgNP exposures , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "AgNO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "AgNO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No effect was observed on the body concentrations of Na and Ca at 50 to 500 micro g / L AgNPs with 1 - micro M cysteine addition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of AgNO3 and AgNPs inhibited the Na influx and elevated the Na efflux .", "entity": [{"entity": "AgNO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , their exposure increased the Ca influx , but did not affect the Ca efflux .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the present study demonstrated the significant influences of AgNO3 and AgNPs ( without cysteine ) on Na and Ca regulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "AgNO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such effect of AgNPs on Na and Ca regulation disappeared after cysteine addition , indicating that the soluble Ag released from AgNPs played a major role in the ionoregulatory dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of molecular chaperones from the endoplasmic reticulum and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus associated with pathogenesis in Pelizaeus - Merzbacher disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Missense mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 ( PLP1 ) gene cause a wide spectrum of hypomyelinating disorders , from mild spastic paraplegia type 2 to severe Pelizaeus - Merzbacher disease ( PMD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant PLP1 accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) and induces ER stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the link between the clinical severity of PMD and the cellular response induced by mutant PLP1 remains largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER generally leads to up - regulation of ER chaperones to alleviate ER stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found that expression of the PLP1 - A243V mutant , which causes severe disease , depletes some ER chaperones with a KDEL ( Lys - Asp - Glu - Leu ) motif , in HeLa cells , MO3 . 13 oligodendrocytic cells , and primary oligodendrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lys - Asp - Glu - Leu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same PLP1 mutant also induces fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus ( GA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These organelle changes are less prominent in cells with milder disease - associated PLP1 mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar changes are also observed in cells expressing another disease - causing gene that triggers ER stress , as well as in cells treated with brefeldin A , which induces ER stress and GA fragmentation by inhibiting GA to ER trafficking .", "entity": [{"entity": "brefeldin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that mutant PLP1 disturbs localization of the KDEL receptor , which transports the chaperones with the KDEL motif from the GA to the ER .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that PLP1 mutants inhibit GA to ER trafficking , which reduces the supply of ER chaperones and induces GA fragmentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that depletion of ER chaperones and GA fragmentation induced by mutant misfolded proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of inherited ER stress - related diseases and affect the disease severity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topoisomerase II beta deficiency enhances camptothecin - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camptothecin ( CPT ) , a topoisomerase ( Top ) I - targeting drug that stabilizes Top1 - DNA covalent adducts , can induce S - phase - specific cytotoxicity due to the arrest of progressing replication forks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , CPT - induced non - S - phase cytotoxicity is less well characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have identified topoisomerase II beta ( Top2 beta ) as a specific determinant for CPT sensitivity , but not for many other cytotoxic agents , in non - S - phase cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( MEFs ) lacking Top2 beta were shown to be hypersensitive to CPT with prominent induction of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , ICRF - 187 , a Top2 catalytic inhibitor known to deplete Top2 beta , specifically sensitized MEFs to CPT .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICRF - 187", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the molecular basis for CPT hypersensitivity in Top2 beta - deficient cells , we found that upon CPT exposure , the RNA polymerase II large subunit ( RNAP LS ) became progressively depleted , followed by recovery to nearly the original level in wild - type MEFs , whereas RNAP LS remained depleted without recovery in Top2 beta - deficient cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant with the reduction of the RNAP LS level , the p53 protein level was greatly induced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , RNAP LS depletion has been well documented to lead to p53 - dependent apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , our findings support a model in which Top2 beta deficiency promotes CPT - induced apoptosis in quiescent non - S - phase cells , possibly due to RNAP LS depletion and p53 accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two novel mutations in CYP11B1 and modeling the consequent alterations of the translated protein in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the 11 beta - hydroxylase ( CYP11B1 ) gene are the second leading cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CAH ) , an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency , virilization of female external genitalia , and hypertension with or without hypokalemic alkalosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis of CYP11B1 gene in CAH patients with 11 beta - hydroxylase deficiency was performed in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cycle sequencing of 9 exons in CYP11B1 was performed in 5 unrelated families with 11 beta - hydroxylase deficient children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - dimensional models for the normal and mutant proteins and their affinity to their known substrates were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the CYP11B1 gene revealed two novel mutations , a small insertion in exon 7 ( InsAG393 ) and a small deletion in exon 2 ( DelG766 ) , and three previously known missense mutations ( T318M , Q356X , and R427H ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to docking results , the affinity of the protein to its substrates is highly reduced by these novel mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DelG766 has more negative impact on the protein in comparison to InsAG393 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel mutations , InsAG393 and DelG766 , change the folding of the protein and disrupt the enzyme ' s active site as it was measured in the protein modeling and substrate binding analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling and sequence conservation were predictive of clinical severity of the disease and correlated with the clinical diagnosis of the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation and synthesis of melodamide A , a new anti - inflammatory phenolic amide from the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum .", "entity": [{"entity": "melodamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "phenolic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with twelve known compounds ( 2 - 13 ) , melodamide A ( 1 ) , a new phenolic amide possessing p - quinol moiety , was purified and characterized from the methanolic extracts of the leaves of Melodorum fruticosum .", "entity": [{"entity": "melodamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "phenolic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "p - quinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of melodamide A ( 1 ) was established with a combination of 2D NMR experiments , HR - ESI - MS and X - ray analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "melodamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with those reported in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , some isolated compounds were examined for their inhibitory activity towards superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the tested compounds , 1 , 3 , and 5 exhibited strong inhibition of superoxide anion generation with IC50 values ranging from 5 . 25 to 8 . 65 micro M .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , synthesis and biological evaluation of melodamide A ( 1 ) and its analogs ( 14a - p ) were described .", "entity": [{"entity": "melodamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blocking the proliferation of human tumor cell lines by peptidase inhibitors from Bauhinia seeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cancer tumors , growth , invasion , and formation of metastasis at a secondary site play a pivotal role , participating in diverse processes in the development of the pathology , such as degradation of extracellular matrix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bauhinia seeds contain relatively large quantities of peptidase inhibitors , and two Bauhinia inhibitors were obtained in a recombinant form from the Bauhinia bauhinioides species , B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor , which is a cysteine and serine peptidase inhibitor , and B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor , which is a serine peptidase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 239]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 250]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [328, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor inhibits human neutrophil elastase cathepsin G and the cysteine proteinase cathepsin L , recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor inhibits plasma kallikrein and plasmin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor and recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor on the viability of tumor cell lines with a distinct potential of growth from the same tissue were compared to those of the clinical cytotoxic drug 5 - fluorouracil .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 12 . 5 micro M concentration , recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor and recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor were more efficient than 5 - fluorouracil in inhibiting MKN - 28 and Hs746T ( gastric ) , HCT116 and HT29 ( colorectal ) , SkBr - 3 and MCF - 7 ( breast ) , and THP - 1 and K562 ( leukemia ) cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor inhibited 40 % of the migration of Hs746T , the most invasive gastric cell line , while recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor did not affect cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor and recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor , even at high doses , did not affect hMSC proliferation while 5 - fluorouracil greatly reduced the proliferation rates of hMSCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , both recombinant B . bauhinoides cruzipain inhibitor and recombinant B . bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor might be considered for further studies to block peptidase activities in order to target specific peptidase - mediated growth and invasion characteristics of individual tumors , mainly in patients resistant to 5 - fluorouracil chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectrometry method to identify aging pathways of Sp - and Rp - tabun adducts on human butyrylcholinesterase based on the acid labile P - N bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp - and Rp - tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "P - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphoramidate nerve agent tabun inhibits butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) and acetylcholinesterase by making a covalent bond on the active site serine .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoramidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adduct loses an alkyl group in a process called aging .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of aging of the tabun adduct is controversial .", "entity": [{"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some studies claim that aging proceeds through deamination , whereas crystal structure studies show aging by O - dealkylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal was to develop a method that clearly distinguishes between deamination and O - dealkylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We began by studying the tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide adduct of BChE because this adduct has two P - N bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 57]}, {"entity": "P - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectra showed that the P - N bonds were stable during trypsin digestion at pH 8 but were cleaved during pepsin digestion at pH 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The P - N bond in tabun was also acid labile , whereas the P - O bond was stable .", "entity": [{"entity": "P - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "P - O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A scheme to distinguish aging by deamination from aging by O - dealkylation was based on the acid labile P - N bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 60]}, {"entity": "P - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BChE was inhibited with Sp - and Rp - tabun thiocholine nerve agent model compounds to make adducts identical to those of tabun with known stereochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp - and Rp - tabun thiocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 55]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After aging and digestion with pepsin at pH 2 , peptide FGES198AGAAS from Sp - tabun thiocholine had a mass of 902 . 2 m / z in negative mode , indicating that it had aged by deamination , whereas peptide FGES198AGAAS from Rp - tabun thiocholine had a mass of 874 . 2 m / z in negative mode , indicating that it had aged by O - dealkylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sp - tabun thiocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 96]}, {"entity": "Rp - tabun thiocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 245]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BChE inhibited by authentic , racemic tabun yielded both 902 . 2 and 874 . 2 m / z peptides , indicating that both stereoisomers reacted with BChE and aged either by deamination or dealkylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "racemic tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of antioxidants for prevention of age - related macular degeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photooxidation of A2E may be involved in diseases of the macula , and antioxidants could serve as therapeutic agents for these diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitors of A2E photooxidation were prepared by Mannich reaction of the antioxidant quercetin .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds contain water - solubilizing amine groups , and several were more potent inhibitors of A2E photooxidation than quercetin .", "entity": [{"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mannose 6 - phosphate - binding sites of M6P / IGF2R determine its capacity to suppress matrix invasion by squamous cell carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannose 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The M6P ( mannose 6 - phosphate ) / IGF2R ( insulin - like growth factor II receptor ) interacts with a variety of factors that impinge on tumour invasion and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "mannose 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown that expression of wild - type M6P / IGF2R reduces the tumorigenic and invasive properties of receptor - deficient SCC - VII squamous cell carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now used mutant forms of M6P / IGF2R to assess the relevance of the different ligand - binding sites of the receptor for its biological activities in this cellular system .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the present study demonstrate that M6P / IGF2R does not require a functional binding site for insulin - like growth factor II for inhibition of anchorage - independent growth and matrix invasion by SCC - VII cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the simultaneous mutation of both M6P - binding sites is sufficient to impair all cellular functions of the receptor tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings highlight that the interaction between M6P / IGF2R and M6P - modified ligands is not only important for intracellular accumulation of lysosomal enzymes and formation of dense lysosomes , but is also crucial for the ability of the receptor to suppress SCC - VII growth and invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study also shows that some of the biological activities of M6P / IGF2R in SCC - VII cells strongly depend on a functional M6P - binding site within domain 3 , thus providing further evidence for the non - redundant cellular functions of the individual carbohydrate - binding domains of the receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "M6P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone supplementation in poor responders undergoing IVF : a systematic review and meta - analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of several studies about the effectiveness of recombinant luteinizing hormone ( rLH ) supplementation in poor responder in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) patients were conflicting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the current available data regarding the efficacy of rLH supplementation in poor responders , a meta - analysis was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A systemic search was performed without language limitation but restricted to randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We mainly explored MEDLINE , EMBASE , CNKI and Cochrane Library for the relevant studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three studies were considered eligible for inclusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meta - analysis indicated that rLH supplementation did not increase the ongoing pregnancy rate in poor responders ( OR 1 . 30 , 95 % CI : 0 . 80 , 2 . 11 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , there was no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved , total dose of rFSH used , total duration of stimulation , number of retrieved metaphase II oocytes and cycle cancellation rate between the study and control groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusions , the available evidence does not support the addition of rLH in poor responders treated with rFSH and GnRHa for IVF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was inconclusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future research should be based on strict criteria to define poor responders , and large , well - designed RCTs are necessary to definitively answer the important question of whether there was need to use rLH in poor responders undergoing IVF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalytic DNAs that harness violet light to repair thymine dimers in a DNA substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV1C is an in vitro selected catalytic DNA that shows efficient photolyase activity , using light of < 310 nm wavelength to photo - reactivate CPD thymine dimers within a substrate DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that a minimal mutational strategy of substituting a guanine analogue , 6MI , for single guanine residues within UV1C extends the DNAzyme ' s activity into the violet region of the spectrum .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These 6MI point mutant DNAzymes fall into three distinct functional classes , which photo - reactivate the thymine dimer along different pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cumulatively , they reveal the modus operandi of the original UV1C DNAzyme to be a surprisingly versatile one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interchangeable properties of no less than six of the G --> 6MI point mutants highlight UV1C ' s built - in functional flexibility , which may serve as a starting point for the creation of efficient , visible light - harnessing , photolyase DNAzymes for either the prophylaxis or therapy of UV damage to human skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supramolecular hydrogels from in situ host - guest inclusion between chemically modified cellulose nanocrystals and cyclodextrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When grafted beta - cyclodextrin is used as targeting sites , Pluronic polymers have been introduced on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals by means of inclusion interaction between beta - cyclodextrin and hydrophobic segment of the polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the steric stabilization effect , surface poly ( ethylene glycol ) chains facilitate the dispersion and compatibility of nanocrystals , which also enhance the loading levels of nanocrystals in the hydrogel system .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , uncovered poly ( ethylene glycol ) segments render the participating inclusion of alpha - cyclodextrin for the architecture of in situ hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 46]}, {"entity": "alpha - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface grafting and inclusion reactions were proved by solid ( 13 ) C NMR and FTIR .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grafting efficiency of beta - cyclodextrin and inclusion efficiency of Pluronic on the surface of nanocrystals were confirmed by UV spectroscopy and elemental analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant enhancement of the structural and thermal stability of in situ hydrogels with high loading levels of modified nanocrystals ( > 5 . 77 wt % ) was observed by rheological analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further study reveals the performance and behavior of hydrogels under a different pH environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , in situ hydrogels were used as drug carrier for in vitro release of doxorubicin and exhibit the behavior of prolonged drug release with special release kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of polyelectrolyte brushes subject to normal electric fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular dynamic simulations of salt - free polyelectrolyte brushes subject to external fields applied normal to the grafting substrate reveal the three - dimensional monomer and counterion distributions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that below a critical electric field , local electroneutrality holds for densely grafted brushes and the brush height remains independent of field intensity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Above this critical field ( which scales as 1 / 3 with grafting density ) brush height increases smoothly , and the fraction of condensed counterions decreases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brush bifurcates into two subpopulations of stretched and collapsed chains when the grafting density is not low .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At intermediate grafting densities , the majority of chains are stretched and the minority are nonstretched .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At high grafting densities bifurcation and brush height growth occur consecutively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of the chains are nonstretched at high grafting densities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although not observed prior to overstretching of the chain model , it is predicted that the two subpopulations will re - merge to a single highly stretched phase when field intensity reaches a third critical value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to control subpopulations of chains suggests that utilizing electric fields normal to polyelectrolyte brushes holds potential as controllable gates in microfluidic devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocomposites derived from montmorillonite and metallosupramolecular polyelectrolytes : modular compounds for electrorheological fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "montmorillonite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocomposites made from Na - montmorillonite and metallo - supramolecular polyelectrolytes ( MEPE ) based on nickel and ditopic bis - terpyridine ligands are prepared by an aqueous synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "montmorillonite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "bis - terpyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intercalation is confirmed by IR - spectroscopy , thermogravimetric analysis , and X - ray powder diffraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rheological response in the presence of an electric field of the dispersed nanocomposites in silicone oil is measured with a rheometer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanocomposites show a distinct electrorheological effect depending on the concentration and the kind of intercalated species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect occurs with a low content of active material while only very small currents are observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption and dilational rheology of mixed beta - casein / DoTAB layers formed by sequential and simultaneous adsorption at the water / hexane interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "DoTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interfacial behavior of beta - casein ( beta CS ) has been investigated in presence of the cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide ( DoTAB ) at the water / hexane interface and compared to that obtained for the water / air interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 149]}, {"entity": "DoTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The used experimental technique is a drop profile analysis tensiometer specially equipped with a coaxial double capillary , which allows investigation of sequential adsorption of individual components besides the traditional simultaneous adsorption of two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method also provides the dilational rheological measurements based on low frequency harmonic drop oscillations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tensiometric results show that the equilibrium states of the mixed beta CS / DoTAB layers built up on the two different routes do not differ significantly , that is , the general compositions of the mixed layers are similar .", "entity": [{"entity": "DoTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results of dilational rheology for the two adsorption strategies are remarkably different indicating different dynamic characteristics of the adsorbed layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the respective mixed layers are more proteinlike if they are formed via sequential adsorption and more surfactant - like after simultaneous adsorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the W / A interface , at the W / H interface proteins remain at the interface once adsorbed and cannot be displaced just by competitive adsorption of surfactants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Iodo - 2 - aminoindan ( 5 - IAI ) : chemistry , pharmacology , and toxicology of a research chemical producing MDMA - like effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Iodo - 2 - aminoindan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "5 - IAI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2010 , an internet snapshot of EMCDDA anticipated the presence of 5 - iodo - 2 - aminoindan ( 5 - IAI ) within the recreational drug market .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - iodo - 2 - aminoindan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 94]}, {"entity": "5 - IAI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 , this compound , a psychoactive derivative of 2 - aminoindane , was identified in recreational products sold in the United Kingdom .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminoindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - IAI is a rigid analogue of p - iodoamphetamine producing MDMA - like effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - IAI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "p - iodoamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical , pharmacological , and toxicological information about this new potential drug of abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine withdrawal produces ERK - dependent and ERK - independent epigenetic marks in neurons of the nucleus accumbens and lateral septum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigenetic changes such as covalent modifications of histone proteins represent complex molecular signatures that provide a cellular memory of previously experienced stimuli without irreversible changes of the genetic code .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we show that new gene expression induced in vivo by morphine withdrawal occurs with concomitant epigenetic modifications in brain regions critically involved in drug - dependent behaviors .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that naloxone - precipitated withdrawal , but not chronic morphine administration , caused a strong induction of phospho - histone H3 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) shell / core and in the lateral septum ( LS ) , a change that was accompanied by augmented H3 acetylation ( lys14 ) in neurons of the NAc shell .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "phospho", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "lys14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine withdrawal induced the phosphorylation of the epigenetic factor methyl - CpG - binding protein 2 ( MeCP2 ) in Ser421 both in the LS and the NAc shell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Ser421", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These epigenetic changes were accompanied by the activation of members of the ERK pathway as well as increased expression of the immediate early genes ( IEG ) c - fos and activity - regulated cytoskeleton - associated protein ( Arc / Arg3 . 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a pharmacological approach , we found that H3 phosphorylation and IEG expression were partially dependent on ERK activation , while MeCP2 phosphorylation was fully ERK - independent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide new important information on the role of the ERK pathway in the regulation of epigenetic marks and gene expression that may concur to regulate in vivo the cellular changes underlying the onset of the opioid withdrawal syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motivational properties of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors agonists and cocaine , but not with D1 dopamine receptors agonist and l - dopa , in bilateral 6 - OHDA - lesioned rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "l - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) has been attributed to dopamine replacement therapy ( DRT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesize that DRT can induce a potential rewarding effect in an animal model of PD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the conditioned place preference ( CPP ) paradigm , we investigated the motivational effects of l - dopa , dopamine receptor agonists ( DRAs ) , and cocaine in rat with a bilateral 6 - OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 6 - OHDA animals , D1 receptors agonist ( SKF81297 ) revealed significantly a conditioned place aversion ( CPA ) at 3 mg / kg and 9 mg / kg doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "SKF81297", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D2 receptors agonist ( bromocriptine ) induced both CPP and CPA at 1 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg doses respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D3 receptors agonist ( PD128907 ) induced a CPP only at 1 mg / kg , comparable to that of cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD128907", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sham animals revealed biphasic CPP curves , with significant dose effect , for the intermediate dose of the 3 DRAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , l - dopa induced no significant effect while cocaine induced CPP in both lesioned and sham animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study confirms the predominant roles of D2R class , and most specifically D3R subtypes , in rewarding properties of DRT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New insight into the discharge mechanism of silicon - air batteries using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of discharge termination in silicon - air batteries , employing a silicon wafer anode , a room - temperature fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid electrolyte and an air cathode membrane , is investigated using a wide range of tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EIS studies indicate that the interfacial impedance between the electrolyte and the silicon wafer increases upon continuous discharge .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , it is shown that the impedance of the air cathode - electrolyte interface is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the anode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equivalent circuit fitting parameters indicate the difference in the anode - electrolyte interface characteristics for different types of silicon wafers .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of porous silicon surfaces at the anode and their properties , by means of estimated circuit parameters , is also presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is found that the silicon anode potential has the highest negative impact on the battery discharge voltage , while the air cathode potential is actually stable and invariable along the whole discharge period .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discharge capacity of the battery can be increased significantly by mechanically replacing the silicon anode .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of apricots on the experimental cataract model formed by sodium selenite .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed in order to investigate whether sun dried apricots have a preventive effect on the experimental cataract model formed by sodium selenite in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - nine Spraque - Dawley rat pups were divided into three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 1 ( control group ) consisted of twenty rat pups , born from the rats nourished ad libitum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 2 consisted of 18 newborn rats , born from the rats nourished ad libitum with 10 % sun dried natural apricots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 3 consisted of 21 newborn rats , born from the rats nourished ad libitum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subcutaneous ( 30nmol / gr ) sodium selenite injection was applied to all the newborn rats except the control group ( Group 1 ) on postpartum day 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cataract development was graded by slit - lamp examination and photography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulated lenses were analyzed for reduced glutathione ( GSH ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , a marker of lipid per oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lenses were also analyzed for total nitrite ( TN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of oxidative stress in selenite cataract development and its prevention by sun dried apricots .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol in RAW264 . 7 and HT - 29 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patchouli alcohol ( PA ) is a chemical compound extracted from patchouli which belongs to the genus Pogostemon , herb of mint family .", "entity": [{"entity": "Patchouli alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been reported that PA inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the biological mechanisms of PA for anti - inflammatory activities have not been studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated whether PA decreases the production of inflammatory mediators through downregulation of the NF - kappa B and ERK pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicated that PA inhibits the over - expression of iNOS and IL - 6 in protein and mRNA levels in LPS - stimulated RAW264 . 7 and TNF - alpha stimulated HT - 29 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PA inhibited I kappa B - alpha degradation and p65 nuclear translocation , and subsequently suppressed transcriptional activity of NF - kappa B in LPS - stimulated RAW264 . 7 and TNF - alpha - stimulated HT - 29 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , PA inhibited LPS - or TNF - alpha - stimulated ERK1 / 2 activation by decreasing phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that PA shows anti - inflammatory activities through suppressing ERK - mediated NF - kappa B pathway in mouse macrophage and human colorectal cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALDH16A1 is a novel non - catalytic enzyme that may be involved in the etiology of gout via protein - protein interactions with HPRT1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gout , a common form of inflammatory arthritis , is strongly associated with elevated uric acid concentrations in the blood ( hyperuricemia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent study in Icelanders identified a rare missense single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in the ALDH16A1 gene , ALDH16A1 * 2 , to be associated with gout and serum uric acid levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALDH16A1 is a novel and rather unique member of the ALDH superfamily in relation to its gene and protein structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ALDH16 genes are present in fish , amphibians , protista , bacteria but absent from archaea , fungi and plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most mammalian species , two ALDH16A1 spliced variants ( ALDH16A1 , long form and ALDH16A1 _ v2 , short form ) have been identified and both are expressed in HepG - 2 , HK - 2 and HK - 293 human cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ALDH16 proteins contain two ALDH domains ( as opposed to one in the other members of the superfamily ) , four transmembrane and one coiled - coil domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The active site of ALDH16 proteins from bacterial , frog and lower animals contain the catalytically important cysteine residue ( Cys - 302 ) ; this residue is absent from the mammalian and fish orthologs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling predicts that both the short and long forms of human ALDH16A1 protein would lack catalytic activity but may interact with the hypoxanthine - guanine phosphoribosyltransferase ( HPRT1 ) protein , a key enzyme involved in uric acid metabolism and gout .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}, {"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , such protein - protein interactions with HPRT1 are predicted to be impaired for the long or short forms of ALDH16A1 * 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results lead to the intriguing possibility that association between ALDH16A1 and HPRT1 may be required for optimal HPRT activity with disruption of this interaction possibly contributing to the hyperuricemia seen in ALDH16A1 * 2 carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kava for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder RCT : Analysis of Adverse Reactions , Liver Function , Addiction , and Sexual Effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Presently , little is known about a number issues concerning kava ( Piper methysticum ) , including ( i ) whether kava has any withdrawal or addictive effects ; ( ii ) if genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome ( CYP ) P450 2D6 liver enzyme moderates any potential adverse effects ; and ( iii ) if medicinal application of kava has any negative or beneficial effect on sexual function and experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study design was a 6 - week , double - blind , randomized controlled trial ( n = 75 ) involving chronic administration of kava ( one tablet of kava twice per day ; 120 mg of kavalactones per day , titrated in non - response to two tablets of kava twice per day ; 240 mg of kavalactones ) or placebo for participants with generalized anxiety disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "kavalactones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "kavalactones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed no significant differences across groups for liver function tests , nor were there any significant adverse reactions that could be attributed to kava .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No differences in withdrawal or addiction were found between groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interesting , kava significantly increased female ' s sexual drive compared to placebo ( p = 0 . 040 ) on a sub - domain of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale ( ASEX ) , with no negative effects seen in males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , it was found that there was a highly significant correlation between ASEX reduction ( improved sexual function and performance ) and anxiety reduction in the whole sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons , Ltd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of suppressive and pro - resolving effects of EPA and DHA in human primary monocytes and T - helper cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite their beneficial anti - inflammatory properties , eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) may increase the infection risk at high doses , likely by generating an immune - depressed state .", "entity": [{"entity": "eicosapentaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 112]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the contribution of different immune cell populations to the immunomodulatory fatty acid effect , we comparatively investigated several aspects of inflammation in human T - helper ( Th ) cells and monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both fatty acids , but DHA to a lesser extent compared with EPA , selectively and dose - dependently reduced the percentage of cytokine - expressing Th cells in a peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor ( PPAR ) gamma - dependent fashion , whereas the expression of the cell surface marker CD69 was unaltered on activated T cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In monocytes , both EPA and DHA increased interleukin ( IL ) - 10 without affecting tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha and IL - 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular incorporation of EPA and DHA occurred mainly at the expense of arachidonic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitantly , thromboxane B ( TXB ) 2 and leukotriene B ( LTB ) 4 in supernatants decreased , while levels of TXB3 and LTB5 increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboxane B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "( TXB ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "leukotriene B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "( LTB ) 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "TXB3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "LTB5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increase was independent of activation and in accordance with cyclooxygenase expression patterns in monocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , EPA and DHA gave rise to a variety of mono - and trihydroxy derivatives of highly anti - inflammatory potential , such as resolvins and their precursors .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "mono - and trihydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "resolvins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that EPA and DHA do not generally affect immune cell functions in an inhibitory manner but rather promote pro - resolving responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of islet autoreactive naive T cells in infants is influenced by homeostatic mechanisms and antigen presenting capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Islet autoimmunity precedes type 1 diabetes onset .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously found that islet autoimmunity rarely starts before age six months but reaches its highest incidence already at around 1 year of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now examine whether homeostatic expansion and immune competence changes seen in a maturating immune system may account for this marked variation in islet autoimmunity risk in the first year of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found na i ve proinsulin - and GAD65 - responsive T cells in cord blood of healthy newborns , with highest responses observed in children with type 1 diabetes susceptible HLA - DRB1 / DQB1 genotypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homeostatic expansion characteristics with increased IL - 7 concentrations and enhanced T cell responsiveness to IL - 7 were observed throughout the first year of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the ability of antigen - presenting cells to activate na i ve T cells was compromised at birth , and cord blood monocytes had low surface expression of CD40 and HLA class II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , antigen presentation and expression of these molecules had reached competent adult levels by the high incidence age of 8 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that temporal changes in islet autoimmunity seroconversion in infants are a consequence of the changing balance between homeostatic drive and antigen presentation competence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are relevant for early prevention of type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of reactive oxygen species ameliorates metabolism - secretion coupling in islets of diabetic GK rats by suppressing lactate overproduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that impaired glucose - induced insulin secretion ( IS ) and ATP elevation in islets of Goto - Kakizaki ( GK ) rats , a non - obese model of diabetes , were significantly restored by 30 ~ 60 min suppression of endogenous reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) overproduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effect of longer ( 12 h ) suppression of ROS on metabolism - secretion coupling in beta - cells by exposure to tempol , a superoxide dismutase mimic , plus ebselen , a glutathione peroxidase mimic ( TE - treatment ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tempol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 153]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 168]}, {"entity": "ebselen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 199]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In GK islets , both H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) and superoxide were sufficiently reduced and glucose - induced IS and ATP elevation were improved by TE - treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose oxidation , an indicator of Krebs cycle velocity , also was improved by TE - treatment at high glucose , whereas glucokinase activity , which determines glycolytic velocity , was not affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactate production was markedly increased in GK islets and TE - treatment reduced lactate production and protein expression of lactate dehydrogenase and hypoxia - inducible factor 1 alpha ( HIF1 alpha ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the Warburg - like effect , which is characteristic of aerobic metabolism in cancer cells by which lactate is overproduced with reduced linking to mitochondria metabolism , plays an important role in impaired metabolism - secretion coupling in diabetic beta - cells and suggest that ROS reduction can improve mitochondrial metabolism by suppressinglactate overproduction through inhibition of HIF1 alpha stabilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "suppressinglactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [365, 383]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The type 2 diabetes associated gene Ide is required for insulin secretion and suppression of alpha - synuclein levels in beta - cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome wide association studies have identified several type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) risk loci linked to impaired beta - cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identity and function of the causal genes in these susceptibility loci remain , however , elusive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HHEX / IDE T2D locus is associated with decreased insulin secretion in response to oral glucose stimulation in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have assessed beta - cell function in Ide knock - out ( KO ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that glucose stimulated insulin secretion ( GSIS ) is decreased in Ide KO mice due to impaired replenishment of the releasable pool of granules and that the Ide gene is haploinsufficient .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that autophagic flux and microtubule content is reduced in beta - cells of Ide KO mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One important cellular role for IDE involves the neutralization of amyloidogenic proteins and we find that alpha - synuclein and IDE levels are inversely correlated in beta - cells of Ide KO mice and T2D patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we provide evidence that both gain - and loss - of - function of alpha - synuclein in beta - cells in vivo not only impair GSIS but also autophagy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data identify the Ide gene as a regulator of GSIS , suggest a molecular mechanism for beta - cell degeneration as a consequence of Ide deficiency , and additionally corroborates and extends a previously established important role for alpha - synuclein in beta - cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced NF kappa B Activity Impairs Vascular Function through PARP - 1 , SP - 1 and COX2 - Dependent Mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) is associated with vascular dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that increased nuclear factor kappa B ( NF kappa B ) signaling contributes to vascular dysfunction in T2D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have treated type 2 diabetic ( db ( - ) / db ( - ) ) and control ( db ( - ) / db ( + ) ) mice with two NF kappa B inhibitors ( DHMEQ , 6mg / kg , twice a week and IKK - NBD peptide , 500 mu g / kg / day ) for four weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHMEQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pressure - induced myogenic tone ( MT ) was significantly potentiated , while endothelium dependent relaxation ( EDR ) was impaired in small coronary arterioles ( CA ) and mesenteric resistance artery ( MRA ) from diabetic mice compared to control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , diabetic mice treated with NF kappa B inhibitors significantly reduced MT potentiation and improved EDR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , vascular function was also rescued in db ( - ) / db ( - p50NF kappa B - / - ) and db ( - ) / db ( - PARP - 1 - / - ) double knockout mice compared to db ( - ) / db ( - ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the acute in vitro down regulation of NF kappa B - p65 using p65NF kappa B shRNA lentivirus in arteries from db ( - ) / db ( - ) mice also improved vascular function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NF kappa B inhibition did not affect blood glucose level and body weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RNA levels for Sp - 1 and eNOS phosphorylation were decreased , while p65NF kappa B phosphorylation , cleaved PARP - 1 and COX - 2 expression were increased in arteries from diabetic mice , which were restored after NF kappa B inhibition and in db ( - ) / db ( - p50NF kappa B - / - ) and db ( - ) / db ( - PARP - 1 - / - ) mice . In the present study , we provided evidence that enhanced NF kappa B activity impairs vascular function by PARP - 1 , Sp - 1 and COX - 2 - dependent mechanisms in male type 2 diabetic mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , NF kappa B could be a potential target to overcome diabetes - induced vascular dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular drug release from curcumin - loaded PLGA nanoparticles induces G2 / M block in breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLGA nanoparticles are among the most studied polymer nanoformulations for several drugs against different kinds of malignant diseases , thanks to their in vivo stability and tumor localization exploiting the well - documented \" enhanced permeation and retention \" ( EPR ) effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we have developed uniform curcumin - bearing PLGA nanoparticles by a single - emulsion process , which exhibited a curcumin release following a Fickian - law diffusion over 10 days in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLGA nanoparticles were about 120 nm in size , as determined by dynamic light scattering , with a surface negative charge of - 30 mV .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loading ratio of encapsulated drug in our PLGA nanoformulation was 8 wt % .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLGA encapsulation provided efficient protection of curcumin from environment , as determined by fluorescence emission experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we have investigated the possibility to study the intracellular degradation of nanoparticles associated with a specific G2 / M blocking effect on MCF7 breast cancer cells caused by curcumin release in the cytoplasm , which provided direct evidence on the mechanism of action of our nanocomplex .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was carried out using Annexin V - based cell death analysis , MTT assessment of proliferation , flow cytometry , and confocal laser scanning microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PLGA nanoparticles proved to be completely safe , suggesting a potential utilization of this nanocomplex to improve the intrinsically poor bioavailability of curcumin for the treatment of severe malignant breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular reorganization in organic field - effect transistors and its effect on two - dimensional charge transport pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charge transport in organic thin film transistors takes place in the first few molecular layers in contact with the gate dielectric .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that the charge transport pathways in these devices are extremely sensitive to the orientational defects of the first monolayers , which arise from specific growth conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these defects partially heal during the growth , they cause depletion of charge carriers in the first monolayer , and drive the current to flow in the monolayers above the first one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the residual defects induce lower crystalline order and charge mobility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results , which are not intuitively explained by electrostatics arguments , have been obtained by combining in situ real time structural and electrical characterization together with ex situ AFM measurements , on thin films of a relevant n - type organic semiconductor , N , N ' - bis ( n - octyl ) - dicyanoperylene - 3 , 4 : 9 , 10 - bis dicarboximide grown by sublimation in a quasi - layer - by - layer mode at different substrate temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N ' - bis ( n - octyl ) - dicyanoperylene - 3 , 4 : 9 , 10 - bis dicarboximide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulfated Small Molecules Targeting EBV in Burkitt Lymphoma : From In Silico Screening to the Evidence of In Vitro Effect on Viral Episomal DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epstein - Barr virus ( EBV ) infects more than 90 % of the world population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following primary infection , Epstein - Barr virus persists in an asymptomatic latent state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occasionally , it may switch to lytic infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Latent EBV infection has been associated with several diseases , such as Burkitt lymphoma ( BL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , there are no available drugs to target latent EBV , and the existing broad - spectrum antiviral drugs are mainly active against lytic viral infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , using computational molecular docking , a virtual screen of a library of small molecules , including xanthones and flavonoids ( described with potential for antiviral activity against EBV ) , was carried out targeting EBV proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more interesting molecules were selected for further computational analysis , and sub - sequently , the compounds were tested in the Raji ( BL ) cell line , to evaluate their activity against latent EBV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work identified three novel sulfated small molecules capable of decreasing EBV levels in a BL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the in silico screening presents a good approach for the development of new anti - EBV agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome wide association studies for diabetes : perspective on results and challenges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent results of genome wide association study ( GWAS ) for diabetes genes , while reaching impressive technical milestones and implicating new findings for research , have been uniformly disappointing in terms of immediate clinical utility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative risk associated with any of the newly reported genetic loci , or even considering all of them together , is far less than simply that which can be obtained by taking a history and a physical exam .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , GWAS have implicated novel pathways , supported previously known associations , and highlighted the importance of the beta cell and insulin secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monogenic forms of diabetes , on the other hand , continue to yield interesting insights into genes controlling human beta cell function but most cases of monogenic diabetes are simply not diagnosed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we briefly review recent results related to type 1 , type 2 and maturity onset diabetes of youth ( MODY ) diabetes and suggest that future studies emphasizing quantitative traits are likely to yield even more insights .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiral bicyclic tetramates as non - planar templates for chemical library synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemoselective Dieckmann cyclization reactions may be used on oxazolidine and thiazolidine templates derived from various aldehydes to access bicyclic tetramates , which have potential as templates for chemical library construction .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxazolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "thiazolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioassay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that these systems have little or no intrinsic antibacterial bioactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyrrolopyrazines as Selective Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyrrolopyrazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the discovery of several pyrrolopyrazines as potent and selective Syk inhibitors and the efforts that eventually led to the desired improvements in physicochemical properties and human whole blood potencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolopyrazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , our mouse model revealed unexpected toxicity that precluded us from further advancing this series .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Termini of bottom - up fabricated graphene nanoribbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons ( GNRs ) can be obtained via thermally induced polymerization of suitable precursor molecules on a metal surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This communication discusses the atomic structure found at the termini of armchair GNRs obtained via this bottom - up approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The short zigzag edge at the termini of the GNRs under study gives rise to a localized midgap state with a characteristic signature in scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining STM experiments with large - scale density functional theory calculations , we demonstrate that the termini are passivated by hydrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that the length of nanoribbons grown by this protocol may be limited by hydrogen passivation during the polymerization step .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper ( I ) - catalyzed borylative exo - cyclization of alkenyl halides containing unactivated double bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "alkenyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A borylative exo - cyclization of alkenyl halides has been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkenyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction includes the regioselective addition of a borylcopper ( I ) intermediate to unactivated terminal alkenes , followed by the intramolecular substitution of the resulting alkylcopper ( I ) moiety for the halide leaving groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "borylcopper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "alkylcopper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 198]}, {"entity": "halide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental and theoretical investigations of the reaction mechanism have also been described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reaction provides a new method for the synthesis of alkylboronates containing strained cycloalkyl structures from simple starting materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylboronates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemogenomics Approaches to Rationalizing the Mode - of - Action of Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) and Ayurveda have been used in humans for thousands of years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the link to a particular indication has been established in man , the mode - of - action ( MOA ) of the formulations often remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we aim to understand the MOA of formulations used in traditional medicine using an in silico target prediction algorithm , which aims to predict protein targets ( and hence MOAs ) , given the chemical structure of a compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following this approach we were able to establish several links between suggested MOAs and experimental evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , compounds from the ' tonifying and replenishing medicinal ' class from TCM exhibit a hypoglycemic effect which can be related to activity of the ingredients against the Sodium - Glucose Transporters ( SGLT ) 1 and 2 as well as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ( PTP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 191]}, {"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "Tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained for Ayurvedic anticancer drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , both primary anticancer targets ( those directly involved in cancer pathogenesis ) such as steroid - 5 - alpha - reductase 1 and 2 were predicted as well as targets which act synergistically with the primary target , such as the efflux pump P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we were able to elucidate some targets which may point us to novel MOAs as well as explain side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most notably , GPBAR1 , which was predicted as a target for both ' tonifying and replenishing medicinal ' and anticancer classes , suggests an influence of the compounds on metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the MOA of these compounds is beneficial as it provides a resource for NMEs with possibly higher efficacy in the clinic than those identified by single - target biochemical assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics , tissue distribution and excretion study of resveratrol and its prodrug 3 , 5 , 4 ' - tri - O - acetylresveratrol in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "3 , 5 , 4 ' - tri - O - acetylresveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 , 5 , 4 ' - Tri - O - acetylresveratrol ( TARES ) synthesized by acetylating three hydroxyl groups of resveratrol ( RES ) is a prodrug of RES .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 5 , 4 ' - Tri - O - acetylresveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 41]}, {"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics , tissue distribution and excretion of TARES and RES in rats following a single intragastric gavage ( i . g . ) administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 118]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After RES is transformed into TARES , its pharmacokinetic properties are improved , such as the t1 / 2 has been prolonged and the AUC has been enhanced .", "entity": [{"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And TARES follows linear plasma pharmacokinetics across the investigated dosage range in rats ( 77 . 5 - 310mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major distribution tissues of TARES or RES in rats were liver , spleen , heart and lung .", "entity": [{"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TARES can increase the content of RES in lung significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no long - term accumulation of RES in rat tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether we administrated to rats of equimolar TARES or RES , total recoveries of RES in urine and feces within 36h were low ( 0 . 99 % or 0 . 07 % in urine and 1 . 69 % or 0 . 15 % in feces ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TARES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "RES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biofilm inhibitors that target amyloid proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacteria establish stable communities , known as biofilms , that are resistant to antimicrobials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biofilm robustness is due to the presence of an extracellular matrix , which for several species - among them Bacillus subtilis - includes amyloid - like protein fibers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we show that B . subtilis biofilms can be a simple and reliable tool for screening of molecules with antiamyloid activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified two molecules , AA - 861 and parthenolide , which efficiently inhibited biofilms by preventing the formation of amyloid - like fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "AA - 861", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "parthenolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parthenolide also disrupted pre - established biofilms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parthenolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These molecules also impeded the formation of biofilms of other bacterial species that secrete amyloid proteins , such as Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the identified molecules decreased the conversion of the yeast protein New1 to the prion state in a heterologous host , indicating the broad range of activity of the molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of amino - pyrimidine inhibitors of c - Jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) : kinase profiling guided optimization of a 1 , 2 , 3 - benzotriazole lead .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - pyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 57]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 - benzotriazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of amino - pyrimidines was developed based upon an initial kinase cross - screening hit from a CDK2 program .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - pyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinase profiling and structure - based drug design guided the optimization from the initial 1 , 2 , 3 - benzotriazole hit to a potent and selective JNK inhibitor , compound 24f ( JNK1 and 2 IC ( 50 ) = 16 and 66 nM , respectively ) , with bioavailability in rats and suitable for further in vivo pharmacological evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 - benzotriazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative properties of A beta 1 - 42 , A beta 11 - 42 , and [ Pyr (1) (1) ] A beta 11 - 42 generated from O - acyl isopeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of water - soluble O - acyl isopeptides enabled us to investigate the biochemical properties of A beta 11 - 42 species , by preparing highly concentrated stock solutions after a pretreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A beta 11 - 42 and [ Pyr ( 11 ) ] A beta 11 - 42 showed comparable aggregation capability and cytotoxicity , suggesting that the pyroglutamate modification at Glu ( 11 ) does not have a crucial role in these events .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "pyroglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , given that A beta 11 - 42 is converted to [ Pyr ( 11 ) ] A beta 11 - 42 by a glutamyl cyclase in vivo , the potential aggregative and cytotoxic nature of [ Pyr ( 11 ) ] A beta 11 - 42 that was observed in the present study provides valuable insights into the pathological functions of pyroglutamate - modified A beta species in Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "glutamyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "Pyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "pyroglutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menopause , atherosclerosis , and coronary artery disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women have coronary heart disease ( CHD ) later than men .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review describes studies of CHD risk factors or outcomes based on studies of premenopausal women followed through the menopause transition , and prospective cohort studies of younger or older women with CHD risk markers or disease outcomes in the context of their menopause history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major early reports from both types of studies are included in order to put more recent work in context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most attention has been paid to the Healthy Women Study ( HWS ) , Study of Women ' s Health across the Nation ( SWAN ) , the Nurses ' Health Study ( NHS ) , and the Rancho Bernardo Study ( RBS ) because they continue to produce recent publications designed to distinguish the effect of age from the effect of menopause .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding these differences has important implications for women ' s cardiovascular health , but remains incomplete .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transition studies have relatively short ( < 10 years ) follow - up and exclude women with surgical menopause .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cohort studies suggest that women with oophorectomy are at greater risk for CHD than intact women , pointing to a greater risk from testosterone deficiency than from estradiol levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfluorocarbon - loaded lipid nanocapsules as oxygen sensors for tumor tissue pO ( 2 ) assessment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Perfluorocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The assessment of tumor oxygenation is a crucial factor in cancer therapy and may be carried out using fluorine MRI once fluorine probes have been distributed within the tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the deposit of those highly fluorinated compounds often jeopardizes anatomical image quality and requires emulsification of the probes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the high density and the high lipophilicity of perfluorocarbons , nanoemulsion of these molecules usually requires high - energy processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "perfluorocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , we discuss the synthesis and the physico - chemical characterization of perfluorocarbon nanocapsules using a low - energy phase - inversion process .", "entity": [{"entity": "perfluorocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanocapsules were tested on a mouse tumor brain model to assess oxygenation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasonic gene and drug delivery using eLiposomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eLiposomes are liposomes encapsulating emulsions and therapeutics for targeted delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By applying ultrasound to eLiposomes , emulsion droplets can transform from liquid to gas and rupture the lipid bilayer of the eLiposome to release a drug or plasmid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , perfluoropentane ( PFC5 ) emulsions were encapsulated inside folated eLiposomes carrying a model drug ( calcein ) or a model GFP plasmid to examine the effects of a folate ligand , PFC5 emulsion and various ultrasonic acoustic parameters in drug delivery and gene transfection into HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "perfluoropentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "PFC5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "calcein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 187]}, {"entity": "PFC5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal microscopy was used to quantify drug delivery and the level of plasmid transfection into HeLa cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that drug delivery or transfection was minimal without incorporation of internal PFC5 emulsions and folate ligand on the eLiposome surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFC5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also shown that application of ultrasound greatly enhanced the drug delivery and plasmid transfection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delivery of these therapeutics appears to be to the cytosol , indicating that the expansion of the emulsion droplets disrupted both the eLiposomes and the endosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models of drug - induced liver injury for evaluation of phytotherapeutics and other natural products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracts from medicinal plants , many of which have been used for centuries , are increasingly tested in models of hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most popular models to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of natural products is acetaminophen ( APAP ) - induced liver injury , although other hepatotoxicity models such as carbon tetrachloride , thioacetamide , ethanol and endotoxin are occasionally used .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "carbon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 210]}, {"entity": "thioacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 226]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APAP overdose is a clinically relevant model of drug - induced liver injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical mechanisms and signaling pathways , which trigger necrotic cell death and sterile inflammation , are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there is increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of APAP - induced liver injury , the mechanism is complex and prone to misinterpretation , especially when unknown chemicals such as plant extracts are tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review discusses the fundamental aspects that need to be considered when using this model , such as selection of the animal species or in vitro system , timing and dose - responses of signaling events , metabolic activation and protein adduct formation , the role of lipid peroxidation and apoptotic versus necrotic cell death , and the impact of the ensuing sterile inflammatory response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal is to enable researchers to select the appropriate model and experimental conditions for testing of natural products that will yield clinically relevant results and allow valid interpretations of the pharmacological mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feasibility of spray drying bacteriophages into respirable powders to combat pulmonary bacterial infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of bacterial viruses for antibacterial treatment ( bacteriophage therapy ) is currently being reevaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we analyze the potential of processing bacteriophages in a dry powder formulation , using a laboratory spray dryer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phages were dried in the presence of lactose , trehalose or dextran 35 , serving as an excipient to give the resulting powder the necessary bulk mass and offer protection to the delicate phage structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "trehalose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of the three excipients tested , trehalose was found to be the most efficient in protecting the phages from temperature and shear stress throughout the spray drying process .", "entity": [{"entity": "trehalose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A low inlet air temperature and atomizing force appeared to be the best parameter conditions for phage survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pseudomonas podovirus LUZ19 was remarkably stable , suffering less than 1 logarithmic unit reduction in phage titer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phage titer of Staphyloccus phage Romulus - containing powders , a member of the Myoviridae family , showed more than 2 . 5 logarithmic units reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , Romulus - containing powders showed more favorable characteristics for pulmonary delivery , with a high percentage of dry powder particles in the pulmonary deposition fraction ( 1 - 5 mu m particle diameter ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though the parameters for spray drying all phages were not optimized , it was demonstrated that spray drying phages with this industrial relevant and scalable set up was possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting powders had desirable size ranges for pulmonary delivery of phages with dry powder inhalers ( DPIs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonhafouonic acid , a new cytotoxic and antifungal hopene - triterpenoid from Zehneria scabra camerunensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sonhafouonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "hopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new hopene - type triterpenoid , namely sonhafouonic acid 1a was isolated from Zehneria scabra camerunensis , together with eight known compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "triterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "sonhafouonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of 1a was established by extensive NMR and high resolution MS techniques and confirmed by single - crystal X - ray crystallographic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1a exhibited inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of two peronosporomycete phytopathogens Pythium ultimum and Aphanomyces cochliodes and cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp larvae ( Artemia salina ) at 10 mu g / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pestaloficiols Q - S from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pestaloficiols Q - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new isoprenylated chromone derivatives , pestaloficiols Q ( 1 ) and R ( 2 ) , and one new benzofuran derivative , pestaloficiol S ( 3 ) , along with three known metabolites , anofinic acid ( 4 ) , siccayne ( 5 ) , and pyrenophorol ( 6 ) were isolated from solid cultures of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoprenylated chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "pestaloficiols Q ( 1 ) and R", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 73]}, {"entity": "benzofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "pestaloficiol S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "anofinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "siccayne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 209]}, {"entity": "pyrenophorol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopy , and the absolute of the C - 6 secondary alcohol in 1 was deduced on the basis of circular dichroism ( CD ) data .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 5 showed cytotoxic activity against the human cancer cell lines , HeLa and HT29 , with IC50 values of 48 . 2 and 33 . 9 mu M , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syntheses and anti - allergic activity of 2 - ( ( bis ( trimethylsilyl ) methylthio / methylsulfonyl ) methyl ) - 5 - aryl - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( ( bis ( trimethylsilyl ) methylthio / methylsulfonyl ) methyl ) - 5 - aryl - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new class of sila - substituted 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles was synthesized by a convenient synthetic method .", "entity": [{"entity": "sila - substituted 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both silathio / silasulfonyl acetic acids were efficiently condensed with benzohydrazides in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride to give sila - substituted 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles in high yields .", "entity": [{"entity": "silathio / silasulfonyl acetic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 41]}, {"entity": "benzohydrazides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "phosphorus oxychloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "sila - substituted 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds displayed variable extent of anti - allergic activity on IgE / Ag - stimulated RBL - 2H3 cells at 50 and 100 mu M concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds having sulfonyl moiety with bis ( trimethylsilyl ) - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles ( 5a - c ) , exhibited better anti - allergic activities than those of compounds having sulphur moiety with bis ( trimethylsilyl ) - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles ( 4a - c ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "bis ( trimethylsilyl ) - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 86]}, {"entity": "sulphur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "bis ( trimethylsilyl ) - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - hepatitis B virus and anti - cancer activities of novel isoflavone analogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have synthesized a series of novel isoflavone analogs and evaluated their anti - HBV and anti - cancer activities in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bioassays showed that the majority of the resultant compounds exerted inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels , HBV DNA replication , as well as the growth of four human cancer cell lines to various extents , which supported the rationale of the design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , compound 8f showed the highest activity against HBV infection and HBV - related liver cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 7l ( IC50 = 0 . 47 mu M ) also exerted remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth lung cancer cell line A - 549 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , synthesis and SAR of piperidyl - oxadiazoles as 11 beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidyl - oxadiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 53]}, {"entity": "11 beta - hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential roles of 11 beta - HSD1 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome , T2D and obesity were well established and currently several classes of 11 beta - HSD1 inhibitors have been developed as promising agents against metabolic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To find potent compounds with good pharmacokinetics , we used the bioisosterism approach , and designed the compound 2 and 3 bearing an 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole ring to replace the amide group in compound 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 158]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guided by docking study , we then transformed compound 3 into a potent lead compound 4a by changing sulfonamide group to amide .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elaborate this series of piperidyl - oxadiazole derivatives as human 11 beta - HSD1 inhibitors , we explored the structure - activity relationship of several parts of the lead compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidyl - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on their potency toward human 11 beta - HSD1 two compounds 4h and 4q were advanced to pharmacokinetic study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that 4h and 4q are potent and selective human 11 beta - HSD1 inhibitors with better pharmacokinetic properties than those of the original piperidine - 3 - carboxamide compound 1 , and suitable for further in vivo preclinical study in primate model .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidine - 3 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( E ) - 4 - Aryl - 4 - oxo - 2 - butenoic acid amides , chalcone - aroylacrylic acid chimeras : Design , antiproliferative activity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "( E ) - 4 - Aryl - 4 - oxo - 2 - butenoic acid amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 53]}, {"entity": "chalcone - aroylacrylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiproliferative activity of twenty - nine ( E ) - 4 - aryl - 4 - oxo - 2 - butenoic acid amides against three human tumor cell lines ( HeLa , FemX , and K562 ) is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "( E ) - 4 - aryl - 4 - oxo - 2 - butenoic acid amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds showed antiproliferative activity in one - digit micromolar to submicromolar concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active derivatives toward all the cell lines tested bear alkyl substituents on the aroyl moiety of the molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen compounds showed tubulin assembly inhibition at concentrations < 20 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most potent inhibitor of tubulin assembly was unsubstituted compound 1 , with IC50 = 2 . 9 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 23 had an oral LD50in vivo of 45 mg / kg in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle analysis on K562 cells showed that compounds 1 , 2 and 23 caused accumulation of cells in the G2 / M phase , but inhibition of microtubule polymerization is not the principal mode of action of the compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , they may be useful leads for the design of a new class of antitubulin agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hybrid compounds of imidazole scaffold - based 2 - benzylbenzofuran as potent anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "2 - benzylbenzofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel hybrid compounds between 2 - benzylbenzofuran and imidazole has been prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - benzylbenzofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 63]}, {"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that the existence of benzimidazole ring and substitution of the imidazolyl - 3 - position with a naphthylacyl or 4 - methoxyphenacyl group were vital for modulating cytotoxic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "imidazolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "naphthylacyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "4 - methoxyphenacyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , hybrid compounds 46 and 47 were found to be the most potent derivatives against 5 strains human tumor cell lines and more active than cisplatin ( DDP ) , and exhibited cytotoxic activities selectively against breast carcinoma ( MCF - 7 ) and myeloid liver carcinoma ( SMMC - 7721 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "DDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of enterovirus 71 infections and viral IRES activity by Fructus gardeniae and geniposide .", "entity": [{"entity": "geniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fructus gardeniae has long been used by traditional Chinese medical practitioners for its anti - inflammatory , anti - oxidant , anti - tumor and anti - hyperlipidemic characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe our finding that F . gardeniae greatly reduces anti - enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) activity , resulting in significant decreases in EV71 virus yields , EV71 infections , and internal ribosome entry site activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that geniposide , a primary F . gardeniae component , inhibited both EV71 replication and viral IRES activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "geniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest the presence of a mechanism that blocks viral protein translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to our findings , F . gardeniae and geniposide deserve a closer look as potential chemopreventive agents against EV71 infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "geniposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multifunctional terpolymeric MRI contrast agent with superior signal enhancement in blood and tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new multifunctional terpolymeric system for simultaneous imaging and drug delivery has been recently developed in our laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report the investigation of terpolymeric contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and doxorubicin ( Dox ) delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polymer was synthesized by graft polymerization of methacrylic acid ( MAA ) and polysorbate 80 ( PS 80 ) onto starch with multiple , chemically bound diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid ( DTPA ) groups for gadolinium chelating .", "entity": [{"entity": "methacrylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "MAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "polysorbate 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "PS 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 189]}, {"entity": "DTPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}, {"entity": "gadolinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terpolymer self - assembled to form nanoparticles upon addition of doxorubicin which binds with the PMAA chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "PMAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physicochemical , biological and pharmacokinetic properties of the polymeric system were characterized and their contrast enhancement capability was evaluated in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polymer was able to load gadolinium with high thermodynamic stability and exhibited low cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "gadolinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Gd - loaded polymer ( PolyGd ) , and Gd - Dox co - loaded nanoparticles ( PolyGd - Dox ) significantly enhanced MR signals , with ionic T1 relaxivities 3 - 5 times higher than those from Omniscan (R) , a small molecule contrast agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "PolyGd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Gd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "PolyGd - Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Omniscan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo studies showed superior and prolonged contrast enhancement compared to Omniscan (R) at one fourth the equivalent dose , without adverse effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Omniscan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PolyGd and PolyGd - Dox accumulated in the tumor and painted the tumor boundaries clearly for at least 48h .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PolyGd also enhanced angiogram contrast with contrast to noise ratio values of up to 55 - fold and a blood half - life time of 200min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven days after intravenous administration , only relatively small amounts of gadolinium could be detected in the major organs of the mice ( supplementary materials ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gadolinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the new terpolymeric system is useful as a theranostic platform for contrast enhanced MR imaging of vasculature and tumor as well as Dox delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silica - lipid hybrid ( SLH ) formulations enhance the oral bioavailability and efficacy of celecoxib : An in vivo evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is the first to demonstrate in canines the ability of silica - lipid hybrid ( SLH ) microparticles to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of a poorly water - soluble drug after oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spray - dried SLH microparticles comprising Capmul MCM ( mono - diglycerides of C8 / C12 fatty acids ) and silica nanoparticles ( Aerosil (R) 380 ) were shown to significantly enhance the fasted state oral bioavailability of celecoxib ( CEL ) ( 6 . 5 fold , relative to an aqueous suspension and more than 2 - fold higher relative to the fed state ) after oral administration to beagle dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capmul MCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "mono - diglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Aerosil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 234]}, {"entity": "CEL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparable bioavailability was observed between the SLH microparticle formulation and a conventional Capmul lipid solution , however , plasma concentrations were observed to be higher ( Cmax , 1 . 1 +/- 0 . 06 vs . 0 . 8 +/- 0 . 03 mu g / mL ) ( p <= 0 . 05 ) with the SLH microparticle system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capmul", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced bioavailability of CEL observed with the SLH microparticles was reflected in a subsequent efficacy study conducted in an adjuvant - induced arthritis model in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "CEL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced clinical and histological severity was observed at a dose of 3mg / kg / day , with the progression of arthritic symptoms and tissue damage reduced to a similar degree to that of a higher dose administered at 5mg / kg / day and prepared in an aqueous suspension . , The enhanced bioavailability and improved efficacy observed with the SLH microparticles were attributed to the maintenance of CEL in a solubilised form during digestion of the lipid vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "CEL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [399, 402]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesise that the presence of silica in the formulation may have contributed to the prevention of drug precipitation in the intestinal lumen by providing an alternative binding site for CEL to adsorb to prior to re - solubilisation and absorption .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "CEL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study highlights the potential utility of novel SLH microparticle formulations as stable dry powders that possess the properties of a lipid - based formulation for the enhanced delivery and efficacy of poorly water - soluble drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gender - specific effects of fluoxetine on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation and behavior in chronically stressed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic psychosocial isolation stress ( CPSI ) modulates glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) functioning in Wistar male rat hippocampus ( HIPPO ) through alteration of nuclear GR phosphorylation and its upstream kinases signaling , which parallels animal depressive - like behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study investigated potential gender specificities regarding the effect of chronic therapy by an antidepressant fluoxetine ( FLU ) on GR signaling in HIPPO and depressive - like behavior in CPSI animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FLU was administrated to female and male na i ve or CPSI rats for 21 days and GR protein , its phosphorylation status and upstream kinases , as well as GR and BDNF mRNA were followed in HIPPO together with animal serum corticosterone ( CORT ) and depressive - like behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 233]}, {"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that CPSI increased immobility in males versus hyperactivity in females and disrupted nuclear pGR232 - Cdk5 pathway and JNK signaling in a gender - specific way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , in both genders CPSI increased the nuclear levels of GR and pGR246 but decreased CORT and mRNA levels of GR and BDNF .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant FLU normalized the depressive - like behavior and altered the nuclear pGR232 - Cdk5 signaling in a gender - specific manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both females and males , FLU reversed the nuclear levels of GR and pGR246 without affecting CORT and GR mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "CORT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , FLU exhibited gender - specific effect on BDNF mRNA in CPSI animals , by increasing it in females , but not in males .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of normalization the total nuclear GR level upon FLU treatment in both gender , down - regulation of GR mRNA is possibly maintained through prevalence of pGR232 isoform only in males .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gender - specific alterations of pGR232 - Cdk5 signaling and BDNF gene expression in HIPPO and normalization of depressive - like behavior upon FLU treatment distinguishes this signaling pathway as potential future antidepressant target for gender - specific therapy of stress related mood disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved pharmaceutical stability of a boronphenylalanine mannitol formulation for boron neutron capture therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "boronphenylalanine mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 66]}, {"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boron neutron capture therapy ( BNCT ) is a radiotherapy based cancer treatment requiring the availability of a low energy thermal neutron beam and a boron containing drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These requirements limit BNCT availability with the latter pharmaceutical issue related to the extremely short shelf - life and clinical acceptability of the current fructose based L - boronphenylalanine ( BPA ) formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 174]}, {"entity": "L - boronphenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 203]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resolution of the formulation issues would remove this factor and therefore the stability of an alternative mannitol BPA formulation has been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mannitol BPA solution formulation was prepared and either lyophilised or stored as a solution at varying temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After suitable periods the formulation was analysed by HPLC for BPA and degradation products .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyophilised and solution mannitol BPA formulations exhibited a temperature and time dependent loss of BPA with concomitant increases in degradation products .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autoclaving the solution induced and accelerated degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A solution or lyophilised mannitol BPA formulation has a shelf - life of between 1 and 4 years respectively , a marked improvement over the current fructose formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to temperature dependent degradation the formulation cannot be terminally sterilised by autoclaving .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced stability of the mannitol formulation removes the requirement for extemporaneous aseptic preparation of BPA just prior to treatment and eliminates one of the issues complicating the delivery of BNCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods for analysis of citrinin in human blood and urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citrinin ( CIT ) , produced by several Penicillium , Aspergillus , and Monascus species , has been detected as contaminant in feeds , grains , and other food commodities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citrinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIT can co - occur with ochratoxin A ( OTA ) , a mycotoxin also known for its nephrotoxicity , and this raises concern regarding possible combined effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But , in contrast to OTA , data on CIT contamination in foods for human consumption are scarce , and CIT biomonitoring has not been conducted so far due a lack of suitable methods for human specimen .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it was the aim of the present study to develop sensitive methods for the analysis of CIT in human blood and urine to investigate human exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , we assessed different methods of sample preparation and instrumental analysis for these matrices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clean - up of blood plasma by protein precipitation followed by LC - MS / MS - based analysis allowed robust detection of CIT ( LOD 0 . 07 ng / mL , LOQ 0 . 15 ng / mL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For urine , sample clean - up by an immunoaffinity column ( CitriTest ( (R) ) ) proved to be clearly superior to SPE with RP ( 18 ) material for subsequent analysis by LC - MS / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For CIT and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone ( HO - CIT ) , the LOD and LOQ determined by external calibration curves in matrix were 0 . 02 and 0 . 05 ng / mL for CIT , and those for HO - CIT were 0 . 05 and 0 . 1 ng / mL urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "dihydrocitrinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "HO - CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 165]}, {"entity": "HO - CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly developed method was applied in a small pilot study : CIT was present in all plasma samples from 8 German adults , at concentrations ranging from 0 . 11 to 0 . 26 ng / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molar ( nM ) concentrations of CIT are similar to those measured for OTA in these samples as a result of dietary mycotoxin intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIT was detected in 8 / 10 urines ( from 4 adults and 6 infants ) in a range of 0 . 16 - 0 . 79 ng / mL , and HO - CIT was present in 5 / 10 samples at similar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HO - CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , CIT is excreted in urine as parent compound and also as metabolite .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These first results in humans point to the need for further studies on CIT exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive microconstituents and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from the island of Lesvos , Greece .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crude composition , fatty acids , sterols , total phenolic content ( TPC ) , individual polyphenols and terpenic acids were determined in five wild edible mushrooms species ( Lactarius deliciosus , Lactarius sanguifluus , Lactarius semisanguifluus , Russula delica , Suillus bellinii ) from Lesvos Island , Greece .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "terpenic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the DPPH scavenging capacity , the ferric ion reducing power ( FRAP ) and the ferrous ion chelating activity of mushroom methanolic extracts were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "ferrous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among sterols , ergosterol predominated at concentrations 9 . 2 - 18 . 0mg / 100g fw .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "ergosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total phenolic content of mushroom extracts ranged from 6 . 0 to 20 . 8mg GAE / 100g fw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up to 19 simple polyphenols were determined in mushrooms extracts , the more abundant being p - OH - benzoic acid , p - OH - phenylacetic acid , o - coumaric acid , ferulic acid and chrysin .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "p - OH - benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 113]}, {"entity": "p - OH - phenylacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 142]}, {"entity": "o - coumaric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 162]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the triterpenic acids oleanolic and ursolic were detected for the first time in mushrooms .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "oleanolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "ursolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All species exerted antioxidant activity and ferrous ion chelating capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferrous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal component analysis revealed good correlations between TPC , DPPH and FRAP but not with metal chelating activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seems that mushrooms polyphenols exert antiradical and reducing activities , but they are not strong metal chelators , the observed chelating ability being probably due to other classes of compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first report on the bioactive microconstituents and antioxidant activity of wild Greek edible mushrooms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subchronic memantine induced concurrent functional disconnectivity and altered ultra - structural tissue integrity in the rodent brain : revealed by multimodal MRI .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : An effective NMDA antagonist imaging model may find key utility in advancing schizophrenia drug discovery research .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated effects of subchronic treatment with the NMDA antagonist memantine by using behavioural observation and multimodal MRI .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Pharmacological MRI ( phMRI ) was used to map the neuroanatomical binding sites of memantine after acute and subchronic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resting state fMRI ( rs - fMRI ) and diffusion MRI were used to study the changes in functional connectivity ( FC ) and ultra - structural tissue integrity before and after subchronic memantine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further corroborating behavioural evidences were documented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Dose - dependent phMRI activation was observed in the prelimbic cortex following acute doses of memantine .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subchronic treatment revealed significant effects in the hippocampus , cingulate , prelimbic and retrosplenial cortices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreases in FC amongst the hippocampal and frontal cortical structures ( prelimbic , cingulate ) were apparent through rs - fMRI investigation , indicating a loss of connectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusion kurtosis MRI showed decreases in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity changes , suggesting ultra - structural changes in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited behavioural assessment suggested that memantine induced behavioural effects comparable to other NMDA antagonists as measured by locomotor hyperactivity and that the effects could be reversed by antipsychotic drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our findings substantiate the hypothesis that repeated NMDA receptor blockade with nonspecific , noncompetitive NMDA antagonists may lead to functional and ultra - structural alterations , particularly in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes may underlie the behavioural effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the present findings underscore the utility and the translational potential of multimodal MR imaging and acute / subchronic memantine model in the search for novel disease - modifying treatments for schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A prospective study of selenium concentration and risk of preeclampsia in pregnant Iranian women : a nested case - control study .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide ; however , its specific etiology still remains obscure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some studies implicate poor maternal selenium status predisposing the mother to preeclampsia .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to determine changes in plasma selenium levels in women having preeclampsia as compared with those with normal pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a nested case - control study , 650 normal primigravida in their first 24 - 28 weeks participated in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 months of follow - up of all subjects , blood selenium levels were measured in 38 women presenting consecutively with preeclampsia and in 38 women having a normal pregnancy by atomic absorption spectrophotometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Birth outcomes were recorded , such as gestational age at delivery , height , weight , birth head circumflex and 1 - min Apgar score .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preeclampsia affects about 5 . 84 % of pregnancies , and in our study , there were no significant differences in age , anthropometric indices , and family history of preeclampsia between the preeclamptic and control groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selenium concentrations in plasma in women with preeclampsia were significantly lower as compared with those in women with normal pregnancy ( 70 . 63 +/- 21 . 41 versus 82 . 03 +/- 15 . 54 mu g / L , p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being in the bottom tertile of selenium concentration ( less than 62 . 2 mu g / L ) was associated with greater risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced selenium in the maternal circulations observed in the preeclamptic mothers support the hypothesis that insufficient selenium concentration may be a contributing factor to the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with preeclampsia , and optimizing the dietary selenium intake through supplementation could produce demonstrable clinical benefits .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations of cadmium and zinc in coastal watersheds along the Chinese Northern Bohai and Yellow Seas .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium ( Cd ) and zinc ( Zn ) in surface water , sediment , carp , and crab samples collected from upstream and downstream regions of coastal watersheds along the Chinese Northern Bohai and Yellow Seas were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding and assessment of their environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that downstream waters contaminated with Zn would have adverse effects on aquatic organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although nearly all sediments were contaminated with Cd due to human activities , little potential existed for Cd toxicity in sediment - dwelling fauna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of Cd and Zn in most water , sediment , carp , and crab were less than published values .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The downstream carp and crabs had higher mean bioaccumulation factors and biota - sediment accumulation factors for Cd but lower mean biota - sediment accumulation factors for Zn than the upstream carp and crabs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the relationships among Cd and Zn concentrations in water , sediment , and biota , the authors conclude that Cd and Zn in crabs primarily derived from sediment exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Cd and Zn in water and sediment originated from some of the same sources , the sources of Cd or Zn in water were likely different from those in sediment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reversal of inhibitors in congenital hemophilia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemophilias A and B are heritable bleeding disorders characterized by deficient baseline levels of factor VIII ( fVIII ) and factor IX ( fIX ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standard treatment for acute bleeding events and for prophylaxis in patients with severe disease consists of recombinant fVIII and fIX infusions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of alloantibodies , or inhibitors , is a serious complication of congenital hemophilia that may impair the effectiveness of fVIII and fIX , leading to increased morbidity and cost of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When inhibitors are present , bypassing agents such as recombinant activated factor VII and factor eight inhibitor bypass agent are available for treatment of bleeding events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although usually effective , they are costly treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune - modulatory therapy may reverse inhibitors , allowing fVIII and fIX to be used again .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune tolerance induction is the chief treatment option to decrease inhibitor levels , but about 20 - 30 % of patients fail this treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , multiple immune - modulating agents have been tried with limited success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rituximab , an anti - CD20 monoclonal antibody , is one therapy that has been successful in reducing inhibitor titers in multiple case reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although current evidence is limited and questions regarding its use and place in therapy still exist , this agent shows promise for the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - Methylglutaconic aciduria - lessons from 50 genes and 977 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - Methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated urinary excretion of 3 - methylglutaconic acid is considered rare in patients suspected of a metabolic disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 3 - methylglutaconyl - CoA hydratase deficiency ( mutations in AUH ) , it derives from leucine degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 29]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all other disorders with 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria the origin is unknown , yet mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be the common denominator .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate the biochemical , clinical and genetic data of 388 patients referred to our centre under suspicion of a metabolic disorder showing 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria in routine metabolic screening .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we investigate 591 patients with 50 different , genetically proven , mitochondrial disorders for the presence of 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three percent of all urine samples of the patients referred showed 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria , often in correlation with disorders not reported earlier in association with 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria ( e . g . organic acidurias , urea cycle disorders , haematological and neuromuscular disorders ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 196]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the patient cohort with genetically proven mitochondrial disorders 11 % presented 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was more frequently seen in ATPase related disorders , with mitochondrial DNA depletion or deletion , but not in patients with single respiratory chain complex deficiencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , it was a consistent feature of patients with mutations in TAZ , SERAC1 , OPA3 , DNAJC19 and TMEM70 accounting for mitochondrial membrane related pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - methylglutaconic aciduria is found quite frequently in patients suspected of a metabolic disorder , and mitochondrial dysfunction is indeed a common denominator .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is only a discriminative feature of patients with mutations in AUH , TAZ , SERAC1 , OPA3 , DNAJC19 TMEM70 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These conditions should therefore be referred to as inborn errors of metabolism with 3 - methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylglutaconic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas Dielectric Transistor of CuPc Single Crystalline Nanowire for SO2 Detection Down to Sub - ppm Levels at Room Temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "CuPc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A room - temperature highly - sensitive SO2 sensor with fast response and complete recovery is constructed based on gas dielectric field - effect transistor ( FET ) of CuPc single crystalline nanowire .", "entity": [{"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "CuPc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exposed conductive channel by gas dielectric is responsible for the high sensitivity to SO2 and the adsorption of the SO2 molecules dramatically enhances the field - effect mobility .", "entity": [{"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results not only open up new opportunities to develop new SO2 sensors , but also provide an efficient way to improve the performance of organic FETs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient stacking on protein amide fragments .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The less polar pi - surface of protein amide groups is exposed in many receptor binding sites , either as part of the backbone or in Gln / Asn side chains .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Gln", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "Asn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using quantum chemical calculations and Protein Data Bank ( PDB ) searches on model systems , we investigate the energetics and geometric preferences for the stacking on amide groups of a large number of heteroarenes that are relevant to medicinal chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 175]}, {"entity": "heteroarenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this study , we discern that the stacking energy of an aromatic ligand substituent can be improved by : 1 ) orienting the fragment dipole vector such that it is aligned in an antiparallel fashion with the dipole of the interacting protein amide group , 2 ) increasing its dipole moment , and 3 ) decreasing its pi - electron density .", "entity": [{"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These guidelines should be helpful to more rationally exploit this interaction type in future structure - based drug design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relation between respiratory function tests and life habits of the university students .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the university students especially in adolescence period , smoking habits and unhealthy lifestyles are major problems in social life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , it is intended to reveal smoking habits and lifestyles of the students from Suleyman Demirel University and to determine the effects of smoking and lifestyles on pulmonary functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials and methods : Participants were 94 university students who were getting formal education in the Suleyman Demirel University central campus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were analysed by analysis of variance and chi - square tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For all analysis , p value of < 0 . 05 was considered significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Students ' mean age was 19 . 9 +/- 0 . 9 years , and of all the students 74 ( 78 . 7 % ) were undergraduate students ; remaining 20 ( 21 . 3 % ) were graduate students .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of all the students , 27 ( 28 . 7 % ) , which comprised the largest group of the students , were living in state dormitory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body mass index ( BMI ) was examined for the study group ; according to BMI , body weight was generally within normal limits but 17 . 39 % of girls ' were found to be underweight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : Respiratory parameters can be affected by many factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smoking habit of university students can be prevented , and it is an important point that they have a healthy lifestyle both for their own health and for future generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lapatinib - mediated cyclooxygenase - 2 expression via epidermal growth factor receptor / HuR interaction enhances the aggressiveness of triple - negative breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lapatinib , a dual epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) / human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) kinase inhibitor , showed clinical benefits in advanced HER2 - positive breast cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because some triple - negative breast cancers ( TNBCs ) frequently overexpress EGFR , the antitumor activity of lapatinib in such diseases was also tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results showed a worse event - free survival rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains unknown whether and how lapatinib elicits the aggressiveness of such cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , our results demonstrated that lapatinib facilitated axillary and lung metastases of triple - negative MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells without affecting their viability , leading to worse survival in orthotopic xenograft mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lapatinib - increased motility was attributed by the elevation of EGFR through the downregulation of microRNA - 7 and by the subsequent overexpression of cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , independent of its kinase activity , the elevated EGFR at least partly stabilized COX - 2 expression by enhancing the binding of HuR to COX - 2 mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that lapatinib may increase the migration and invasion of MDA - MB - 231 cells by upregulating EGFR and COX - 2 through the downregulation of microRNA - 7 , providing a potential explanation for the worse clinical outcome of TNBC patients who receive lapatinib - based treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings also shed new light on the molecular mechanism of COX - 2 mRNA stabilization by EGFR in a kinase - independent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dispersion and Filtration of Carbon Nanotubes ( CNTs ) and Measurement of Nanoparticle Agglomerates in Diesel Exhaust .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) tend to form bundles due to their geometry and van der Walls forces , which usually complicates studies of the CNT properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dispersion plays a significant role in CNT studies and we summarize dispersion techniques to generate airborne CNTs from suspensions or powders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe in detail our technique of CNT aerosolization with controlled degree of agglomeration using an electrospray system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of animal inhalation studies using the electrosprayed CNTs are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have performed filtration experiments for CNTs through a screen filter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A numerical model has been established to simulate the CNT filtration experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the modeling and experimental results show that the CNT penetration is less than the penetration for a sphere with the same mobility diameter , which is mainly due to the larger interception length of the CNTs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a need for instruments capable of fast and online measurement of gas - borne nanoparticle agglomerates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed an instrument Universal NanoParticle Analyzer ( UNPA ) and the measurement results for diesel exhaust particulates are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results presented here are pertinent to non - spherical aerosol particles , and illustrate the effects of particle morphology on aerosol behaviors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of cyclopropylamide analogues of combretastatin - A4 as novel microtubule - stabilizing agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopropylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "combretastatin - A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel cyclopropylamide analogues of combretastatin - A4 ( CA - 4 ) were designed and synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopropylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "combretastatin - A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "CA - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of them had significant in vitro antiproliferative activities , particularly for compounds 7i4 , 7c4 , 8a4 , and 8c4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , compound 8c4 was also equally potent against paclitaxel resistant cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the novel cyclopropylamide analogues had different binding mechanisms from CA - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopropylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "CA - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead of inhibiting tubulin polymerization , these CA - 4 derivatives were able to stimulate tubulin polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "CA - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry revealed that compound 8c4 arrested A549 cancer cells in the G2 / M phase and resulted in cellular apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further immunofluorescence assays revealed that compound 8c4 induced mitotic arrest in A549 cells through disrupting microtubule dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , compound 8c4 also effectively inhibited the tumor growth in the A549 xenograft model without causing significant loss of body weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 8c4 represents a novel class of microtubule - stabilizing agent and can be used as a promising lead for the development of new antitumor agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new iridoid glycoside and potential MRB inhibitory activity of isolated compounds from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new iridoid glycoside , rotunduside ( 1 ) , along with four known iridoid glycosides , 10 - O - p - hydroxybenzoyltheviridoside ( 2 ) , 10 - O - vanilloyltheviridoside ( 3 ) , 6 '' - O - ( trans - p - coumaroyl ) - procumbide ( 4 ) and loganic acid ( 5 ) , was isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L .", "entity": [{"entity": "iridoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 23]}, {"entity": "rotunduside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "iridoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "10 - O - p - hydroxybenzoyltheviridoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 129]}, {"entity": "10 - O - vanilloyltheviridoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 169]}, {"entity": "6 '' - O - ( trans - p - coumaroyl ) - procumbide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 227]}, {"entity": "loganic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of UV , IR , MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the macrophages respiratory burst ( MRB ) inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 2 exhibited considerable MRB inhibitory activity in the test with IC ( 50 ) value of ~ 37 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new glycosides from Vitex negundo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new glycosides , 2 - methyl pyromeconic acid 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside - 6 ' - ( O - 4 '' - hydroxybenzoate ) ( 1 ) , 6 ' - O - p - hydroxybenzoyl - gardoside ( 2 ) and four known iridoid glycosides ( 3 - 6 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Vitex negundo .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methyl pyromeconic acid 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside - 6 ' - ( O - 4 '' - hydroxybenzoate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 122]}, {"entity": "6 ' - O - p - hydroxybenzoyl - gardoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 171]}, {"entity": "iridoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods including HR - ESI - MS , 1D and 2D NMR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of alpha - tocopherol and alpha - tocopheryl acetate from the cuticle of soybean pods armyworm ( Spodoptera cosmioides ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopheryl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical composition of the soybean pods armyworm Spodoptera cosmioides ( Walker , 1858 ) ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) and Anticarsia gemmatalis H u bner , 1818 ( Lepidoptera : Erebidae ) larval cuticles was evaluated using gas chromatography coupled to a mass detector ( GC - MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the usual lipids found in the insect cuticle , alpha - tocopherol and alpha - tocopheryl acetate were also isolated from S . cosmioides .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopheryl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , no vitamin E derivative was found in A . gemmatalis exuvia .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report of vitamin E occurrence in the insect ' s cuticle .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactives and nutraceutical phytochemicals naturally occurring in virgin olive oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The case study of the Nocellara del Belice Italian olive cultivar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work reports on the composition and bionutritional value of organic virgin olive oil from the Nocellara del Belice variety , one cultivated in the olive areas of the Sicily region , Italy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Destoned oils obtained by processing olives with a destoning - based procedure were compared with conventional oils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This innovative technique , consisting in removing the stone from fruits prior to processing , strongly enhanced the already high - quality level of the conventional product .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in - depth analytical investigation from 2008 to 2010 showed how this innovative olive extraction process led to an excellent peculiar final product , mainly attributable to the improved biophenol and volatile composition , as well as higher concentrations of the lipophilic and vitamin antioxidants ( tocopherols and tocotrienols ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 316]}, {"entity": "tocotrienols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 333]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had higher levels of oleocanthal ( p - HPEA - EDA ) , a nutraceutical compound exerting actions against COX1 and COX2 ( cycloxygenases ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleocanthal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "p - HPEA - EDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its head - space aroma displayed new volatile phytomolecules and also had higher levels of green volatiles from the lipoxygenase ( LOX ) - pathway ( one having as precursors the polyunsaturated fatty acids containing a cis - cis - 1 , 4 - pentadiene system ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyunsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 205]}, {"entity": "cis - cis - 1 , 4 - pentadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the other bioactives , we highlight its significant levels of trans - beta - carotene and xanthophylls ( lutein , violaxanthin , neoxanthin and other carotenoids ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 91]}, {"entity": "xanthophylls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}, {"entity": "violaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}, {"entity": "neoxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its enhanced nutritional value was also attributable to the increased intensity of valuable tasting notes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Revealing the excited - state dynamics of the fluorescent protein Dendra2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green - to - red photoconversion is a reaction that occurs in a limited number of fluorescent proteins and that is currently mechanistically debated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this contribution , we report on our investigation of the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 by employing a combination of pump - probe , up - conversion and single photon timing spectroscopic techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that upon excitation of the neutral green state an excited state proton transfer proceeds with a time constant of 3 . 4 ps between the neutral green and the anionic green states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In concentrated solution we detected resonance energy transfer ( 25 ps time constant ) between green and red monomers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time - resolved emission spectra suggest also the formation of a super - red species , first observed for DsRed ( a red fluorescent protein from the corallimorph species Discosoma ) and consistent with peculiar structural details present in both proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of p - cymene antinociceptive and anti - inflammatory effects by inclusion in beta - cyclodextrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we have demonstrated the analgesic - like property of p - cymene in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short half - life is a limitation for p - cymene application and several approaches have been used to improve pharmaceutical properties of monoterpenes , including the employment of drug - delivery systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "monoterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we used p - cymene / beta - cyclodextrin ( beta - CD ) complex and p - cymene ( PC ) isolated to evaluated whether the complex formulation is able to improve the antinociceptive activity of this monoterpene .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "monoterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male mice ( 26 - 30g ) were pretreated with PC / beta - CD ( 20 or 40mg / kg , p . o . ) , PC ( 20 or 40mg / kg , p . o . ) or vehicle ( distilled water ) , 0 . 5h before painful tests and antinociceptive effect was evaluated at times : 0 . 5 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , and 16h after treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the analgesic - like effect of PC / beta - CD and PC in acetic acid - induced abdominal writhes , hot - plate , carrageenan - induced paw edema and in rota - rod apparatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrated that acute treatment with complex PC / beta - CD produced an antinocicepitve effect ( p < 0 . 01 or p < 0 . 001 ) for 8h followed whereas isolated PC produced the same effect for 2h .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained in hot - plate test , PC / beta - CD , in all doses , significantly reduces ( p < 0 . 01 or p < 0 . 001 ) nociceptive behavior for 8h while isolated PC for 1h , did so only in higher dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such results were unlikely to be caused by motor abnormality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic pretreatment with PC / beta - CD and PC inhibited the development paw edema by carrageenan 1 % , but PC / beta - CD did so during a longer period when compared with isolated monoterpene alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "monoterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide evidence to propose that the complex with beta - CD improved analgesic and anti - inflammatory effects of p - cymene .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - CD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Towards the validation of a lung tumorigenesis model with mainstream cigarette smoke inhalation using the A / J mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A generally accepted and validated laboratory model for smoking - associated pulmonary tumorigenesis would be useful for both basic and applied research applications , such as the development of early diagnostic endpoints or the evaluation of modified risk tobacco products , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A / J mouse is susceptible for developing both spontaneous and induced lung adenomas and adenocarcinomas , and increased lung tumor multiplicities were also observed in previous cigarette smoke inhalation studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to collect data useful towards the validation of an 18 - month mainstream smoke ( MS ) inhalation model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male and female A / J mice were exposed whole - body at three MS concentration levels for 6h / day , and the results were compared to a previous study in the same laboratory and with a similar design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A linear MS concentration - dependent increase in lung tumorigenesis was observed with similar slopes for both sexes and both studies and a maximal 5 - fold increase in multiplicity beyond sham control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minimal detectable difference in lung tumor multiplicity for the current study was 37 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the larynx , papillomas were detectable in all MS - exposed groups in a non - concentration dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other extra - pulmonary MS - dependent neoplastic lesions were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression signatures of lung tumor tissues allowed a clear differentiation of sham - and high dose MS - exposed mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination with data from previous smoke inhalation studies with A / J mice , the current data suggest that this model for MS inhalation - induced pulmonary tumorigenesis is reliable and relevant , two crucial requirements towards validation of such a model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dichloro - dihydro - fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH - DA ) assay : a quantitative method for oxidative stress assessment of nanoparticle - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dichloro - dihydro - fluorescein diacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 42]}, {"entity": "DCFH - DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No consensus exists on how to address possible toxicity of nanomaterials as they interfere with most in vitro screening tests based on colorimetric and fluorimetric probes such as the dichloro - dihydro - fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH - DA ) assay for detection of oxidative species .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloro - dihydro - fluorescein diacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 226]}, {"entity": "DCFH - DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present research , nanomaterial interaction with DCFH - DA was studied in relation to its nature and / or assay conditions ( cell - based and time exposure ) by incubating Rhodamine ( Rhd ) - labeled 25nm and 50nm silica ( SiO2 ) , naked and oleic acid coated magnetite , ( Fe3O4 ) and maghemite ( Fe2O3 ) iron oxide , titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ) and poly ( ethylene oxide ) - poly ( lactide / glycolide ) acid ( PLGA - PEO ) nanoparticles ( NPs ) with metabolically active rat hepatocytes for 4 and 24 - h periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCFH - DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Rhodamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "Rhd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 227]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 234]}, {"entity": "oleic acid coated magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 276]}, {"entity": "Fe3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 286]}, {"entity": "maghemite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 302]}, {"entity": "Fe2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 310]}, {"entity": "iron oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 323]}, {"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 342]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [345, 349]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene oxide ) - poly ( lactide / glycolide ) acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [356, 415]}, {"entity": "PLGA - PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [418, 428]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data indicated that nanoparticle uptake correlated with quenching of dye fluorescence emission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of their masking effect , the oxidative potential of NPs could be detected at a limited threshold concentration when exposed for periods of time longer than those frequently used for this test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , changes in the experimental conditions did not systematically result in free radical formation for all nanomaterials tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall data indicate that despite the quenching effect of nanoparticles on DCFH - DA assay , it can be considered as a useful tool for quantitative measurement of NPs - induced oxidative stress by minor modifications of standardized protocols .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCFH - DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formation of mainstream cigarette smoke constituents prioritized by the World Health Organization - - yield patterns observed in market surveys , clustering and inverse correlations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WHO TobReg proposed mandating ceilings on selected smoke constituents determined from the market - specific median of nicotine - normalized yield distributions .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data validating this regulatory concept were obtained from essentially single - blend surveys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process is strongly impacted by inverse correlations among yields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , 18 priority WHO smoke constituent yields ( nicotine - normalized ) were determined ( using two smoking regimens ) from 262 commercial brands including American , Virginia and local blends from 13 countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal Component Analysis was used to identify yields patterns , clustering of blend types and the inverse correlations causing these clusters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three principal components explain about 75 % of total data variability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PC1 was sensitive to the relative levels of gas - and particle - phase compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PC2 and PC3 cluster American - and Virginia - blends , revealing inverse correlations : Nitrogen oxides and amino - or nitroso - aromatic compounds inversely correlate to either formaldehyde and acrolein , or benzo ( a ) pyrene and di - hydroxybenzenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitrogen oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "formaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 203]}, {"entity": "benzo ( a ) pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 227]}, {"entity": "di - hydroxybenzenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results can be explained by reviewing the processes determining each components smoke delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulatory initiatives simultaneously targeting selected smoke constituents in markets with mixed blend styles will be strongly impacted by the inverse correlations described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is difficult to predict the ultimate impact of such regulations on public health , considering the complex chemistry of cigarette smoke formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between daily calcium intake and sarcopenia in older , non - obese Korean adults : the fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey ( KNHANES IV ) 2009 .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent data suggest that variations in calcium intake may influence body weight and composition ; however , the relationship between daily calcium intake and muscle mass has not been well established .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between daily calcium intake and sarcopenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed data for older adults ( over 60 years ) from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( KNHANES ) conducted in 2009 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 1339 Non - Obese ( BMI between 18 . 5 and 25 kg / m ( 2 ) ) , older adults ( 592 men and 707 women ) were enrolled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary variables were assessed using a nutrition survey that used a 24 - hour recall method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily calcium intake based on the consumption of each food item was calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight less than 2 SD below the sex - specific mean for young adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that daily calcium intake was negatively correlated with total body fat percentage and positively correlated with appendicular skeletal mass ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants with sarcopenia appear to have significantly lower daily calcium intakes than participants without sarcopenia ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unadjusted prevalence of sarcopenia according to daily calcium intake tertiles were 6 . 3 % , 4 . 3 % , and 2 . 7 % in tertiles 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adjustment for age , sex , BMI , total energy intake , and lifestyle factors , compared with those in the lowest tertile of daily calcium intake , participants in the highest tertile had an odds ratio for sarcopenia of 0 . 295 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0 . 087 - 0 . 768 ; p for trend = 0 . 014 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that daily calcium intake , corrected for total energy intake and serum 25 ( OH ) D status , was significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia than in those without .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest a strong inverse association between daily calcium intake and sarcopenia in non - obese , older Korean adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional profiling discovers the dieldrin organochlorinated pesticide affects leucine availability in yeast .", "entity": [{"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to organochlorinated pesticides such as dieldrin has been linked to Parkinson ' s and Alzheimer ' s diseases , endocrine disruption , and cancer , but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity behind these effects remain largely unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate , using a functional genomics approach in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae , that dieldrin alters leucine availability .", "entity": [{"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model is supported by multiple lines of congruent evidence : ( 1 ) mutants defective in amino acid signaling or transport are sensitive to dieldrin , which is reversed by the addition of exogenous leucine ; ( 2 ) dieldrin sensitivity of wild - type or mutant strains is dependent upon leucine concentration in the media ; ( 3 ) overexpression of proteins that increase intracellular leucine confer resistance to dieldrin ; ( 4 ) leucine uptake is inhibited in the presence of dieldrin ; and ( 5 ) dieldrin induces the amino acid starvation response .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 226]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 297]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 395]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [417, 425]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [434, 441]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [481, 489]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [502, 510]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [523, 533]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we demonstrate that appropriate negative regulation of the Ras / protein kinase A pathway , along with an intact pyruvate dehydrogenase complex , is required for dieldrin tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many yeast genes described in this study have human orthologs that may modulate dieldrin toxicity in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "dieldrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain hemispheric differences in the neurochemical effects of lead , prenatal stress , and the combination and their amelioration by behavioral experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain lateralization , critical to mediation of cognitive functions and to \" multitasking , \" is disrupted in conditions such as attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both low - level lead ( Pb ) exposure and prenatal stress ( PS ) have been associated with mesocorticolimbic system - mediated executive - function cognitive and attention deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesocorticolimbic systems demonstrate significant laterality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , altered brain lateralization could play a role in this behavioral toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined laterality of mesocorticolimbic monoamines ( frontal cortex , nucleus accumbens , striatum , midbrain ) and amino acids ( frontal cortex ) in male and female rats subjected to lifetime Pb exposure ( 0 or 50 ppm in drinking water ) , PS ( restraint stress on gestational days 16 - 17 ) , or the combination with and without repeated learning behavioral experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control males exhibited prominent laterality , particularly in midbrain and also in frontal cortex and striatum ; females exhibited less laterality , and this was primarily striatal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lateralized Pb +/- PS induced neurotransmitter changes were assessed only in males because of limited sample sizes of Pb + PS females .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In males , Pb +/- PS changes occurred in left hemisphere of frontal cortex and right hemisphere of midbrain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral experience modified the laterality of Pb +/- PS - induced neurotransmitter changes in a region - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , behavioral experience eliminated Pb +/- PS neurotransmitter changes in males .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings underscore the critical need to evaluate both sexes and brain hemispheres for the mechanistic understanding of sex - dependent differences in neuro - and behavioral toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , assessment of central nervous system mechanisms in the absence of behavioral experience , shown here for males , may constitute less relevant models of human health effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptome alterations following developmental atrazine exposure in zebrafish are associated with disruption of neuroendocrine and reproductive system function , cell cycle , and carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atrazine , a herbicide commonly applied to agricultural areas and a common contaminant of potable water supplies , is implicated as an endocrine - disrupting chemical ( EDC ) and potential carcinogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies show that EDCs can cause irreversible changes in tissue formation , decreased reproductive potential , obesity , and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental Protection Agency considers an atrazine concentration of <= 3 ppb in drinking water safe for consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific adverse human health effects associated with a developmental atrazine exposure and the underlying genetic mechanisms of these effects are not well defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , zebrafish embryos were exposed to a range of atrazine concentrations to establish toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological , transcriptomic , and protein alterations were then assessed at 72h postfertilization following developmental atrazine exposure at 0 , 0 . 3 , 3 , or 30 ppb .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant increase in head length was observed in all three atrazine treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptomic profiles revealed 21 , 62 , and 64 genes with altered expression in the 0 . 3 , 3 , and 30 ppb atrazine treatments , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered genes were associated with neuroendocrine and reproductive system development , function , and disease ; cell cycle control ; and carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant overlap ( 42 genes ) between the 3 and 30 ppb differentially expressed gene lists , with two of these genes ( CYP17A1 and SAMHD1 ) present in all three atrazine treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased transcript levels were translated to significant upregulation in protein expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study identifies genetic and molecular targets altered in response to a developmental atrazine exposure to further define the biological pathways and mechanisms of toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrative Analysis of miRNA and inflammatory gene expression after acute particulate matter exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are environmentally sensitive inhibitors of gene expression that may mediate the effects of metal - rich particulate matter ( PM ) and toxic metals on human individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous environmental miRNA studies have investigated a limited number of candidate miRNAs and have not yet evaluated the functional effects on gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we wanted to identify PM - sensitive miRNAs using microarray profiling on matched baseline and postexposure RNA from foundry workers with well - characterized exposure to metal - rich PM and to characterize miRNA relations with expression of candidate inflammatory genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We applied microarray analysis of 847 human miRNAs and real - time PCR analysis of 18 candidate inflammatory genes on matched blood samples collected from foundry workers at baseline and after 3 days of work ( postexposure ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified differentially expressed miRNAs ( fold change [ FC ] > 2 and p < 0 . 05 ) and correlated their expression with the inflammatory associated genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed in silico network analysis in MetaCore v6 . 9 to characterize the biological pathways connecting miRNA - mRNA pairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarray analysis identified four miRNAs that were differentially expressed in postexposure compared with baseline samples , including miR - 421 ( FC = 2 . 81 , p < 0 . 001 ) , miR - 146a ( FC = 2 . 62 , p = 0 . 007 ) , miR - 29a ( FC = 2 . 91 , p < 0 . 001 ) , and let - 7g ( FC = 2 . 73 , p = 0 . 019 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using false discovery date adjustment for multiple comparisons , we found 11 miRNA - mRNA correlated pairs involving the 4 differentially expressed miRNAs and candidate inflammatory genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico network analysis with MetaCore database identified biological interactions for all the 11 miRNA - mRNA pairs , which ranged from direct mRNA targeting to complex interactions with multiple intermediates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute PM exposure may affect gene regulation through PM - responsive miRNAs that directly or indirectly control inflammatory gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular mechanisms of central leptin resistance in obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity confers a huge health burden globally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothalamus plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis by integrating multiple metabolic signals from peripheral organs and modulating feeding behavior and energy metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leptin , a key appetite - regulating hormone derived from the white adipose tissue , primarily acts on hypothalamic neurons to activate catabolic pathway and inhibit anabolic pathway , which can result in anorexia and weight reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite striking obesity resulting from leptin deficiency , treatment with this hormone in human obesity has been unsuccessful due to leptin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we describe recent researches extending our understanding of obesity - associated hypothalamic leptin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of Current Eligibility Criteria for Bariatric Surgery : Diabetes prevention and risk factor changes in the Swedish Obese Subjects ( SOS ) study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE Patients with a BMI < 35 kg / m ( 2 ) and patients with a BMI between 35 and 40 kg / m ( 2 ) without comorbidities are noneligible by current eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used Swedish obese subjects ( SOS ) to explore long - term outcomes in noneligible versus eligible patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The SOS study involved 2 , 010 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery ( 68 % vertical - banded gastroplasty , 19 % banding , and 13 % gastric bypass ) and 2 , 037 contemporaneously matched obese controls receiving usual care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At inclusion , the participant age was 37 - 60 years and BMI was >= 34 kg / m ( 2 ) in men and >= 38 kg / m ( 2 ) in women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of surgery was assessed in patients that do ( n = 3 , 814 ) and do not ( n = 233 ) meet current eligibility criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The date of analysis was 1 January 2012 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The follow - up time was up to 20 years , with a median of 10 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly improved both in noneligible and eligible individuals after 10 years of follow - up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgery reduced the diabetes incidence in both the noneligible ( adjusted hazard ratio 0 . 33 [ 95 % CI 0 . 13 - 0 . 82 ] , P = 0 . 017 ) and eligible ( 0 . 27 [ 0 . 22 - 0 . 33 ] , P < 0 . 001 ) groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We could not detect a difference in the effect of surgery between the groups ( adjusted interaction P value = 0 . 713 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery drastically reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes both in noneligible and eligible patients and improved cardiovascular risk factors in both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that strict BMI cutoffs are of limited use for bariatric surgery prioritization if the aim is to prevent diabetes and improve cardiovascular risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GLP - 1 Action and Glucose Tolerance in Subjects With Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gastric Bypass Surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEGlucagon like peptide - 1 ( GLP - 1 ) has been suggested as a major factor for the improved glucose tolerance ensuing after Roux - en - Y Gastric Bypass ( RYGBP ) surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the effect of blocking endogenous GLP - 1 action on glucose tolerance in subjects with sustained remission of type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) present before RYGBP . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBlood glucose , insulin , C - peptide , glucagon , GLP - 1 , and glucose - dependent insulinotropic peptide levels were measured after a meal challenge with either exendin - ( 9 - 39 ) ( a GLP - 1r antagonist ) or saline infusion in eight subjects with sustained remission of T2DM after RYGBP and seven healthy controls . RESULTSInfusion of exendin - ( 9 - 39 ) resulted in marginal deterioration of the 2 - h plasma glucose after meal intake in RYGBP subjects ( saline 78 . 4 +/- 15 . 1 mg / dL compared with exendin - ( 9 - 39 ) 116 . 5 +/- 22 . 3 mg / dL ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 210]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 269]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [614, 621]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , glucose response to meal intake was similarly enlarged in the two study groups ( percent change in the area under the curve of glucose exendin - ( 9 - 39 ) - infusion versus saline - infusion : controls 10 . 84 +/- 8 . 8 % versus RYGBP 9 . 94 +/- 8 . 4 % ; P = 0 . 884 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the RYGBP group , the blockade of the enlarged GLP - 1 response to meal intake resulted in reduced insulin ( P = 0 . 001 ) and C - peptide ( P < 0 . 001 ) , but no change in glucagon ( P = 0 . 258 ) responses . CONCLUSIONThe limited deterioration of glucose tolerance on blockade of GLP - 1 action in our study suggests the resolution of T2DM after RYGBP may be explained by mechanisms beyond enhancement of GLP - 1 action .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Case study of the Swiss flora for prior phytochemical and biological investigations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimates in the literature as to what extent the world ' s higher plant species have been studied chemically or for bioactivity are contradictory and range from 0 . 5 % to > 12 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this survey , a model to make credible estimates of the extent of their study is proposed and is exemplified by applying it in a case study of plants native to Switzerland .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a widely available database ( SciFinder Scholar ) , 454 535 literature references for the 2677 native Swiss plant species were retrieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was determined that 55 % of these species have been investigated phytochemically and 28 % for biological activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of factors such as commonness , growth form , habitat , medicinal use , and reported toxicity on the extent to which different plant groups have been studied is analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictive value of random sampling of subsets of plants is compared to the study of the entire Swiss flora , to show that a credible estimate of the extent of prior studies can be achieved with just 5 % of these species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive sesterterpenoids from a Korean sponge Monanchora sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesterterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical investigation of a Korean marine sponge , Monanchora sp . , yielded nine new sesterterpenoids ( 1 - 9 ) along with phorbaketals A - C ( 10 - 12 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesterterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "phorbaketals A - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The planar structures were established on the basis of NMR and MS analysis , and the absolute configurations of 1 - 9 were defined using the modified Mosher ' s method and CD spectroscopic data analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 8 , designated as phorbaketals D - K , possess a spiroketal - modified benzopyran moiety such as phorbaketal A , and their structural variations are due to oxidation and / or reduction of the tricyclic core or the side chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "phorbaketals D - K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "spiroketal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "benzopyran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "phorbaketal A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 9 , designated as phorbin A , has a monocyclic structure and is proposed to be a possible biogenetic precursor of the phorbaketals .", "entity": [{"entity": "phorbin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "phorbaketals", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 9 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines ( A498 , ACHN , MIA - paca , and PANC - 1 ) , and a few of them were found to exhibit cytotoxic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes in response to continuous or intermittent high - fat diet in pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , no information has been available on the modulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes ( CYPs ) following the administration of a hyperlipidemic diet in pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the potential modulation of xenobiotic - metabolizing CYPs in liver , heart and duodenum of pigs subjected to a high - fat / high - cholesterol diet for 2 months continuously ( C - HFD ) or on alternate weeks ( A - HFD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of the high - fat diet resulted in considerably increased plasma cholesterol levels although the animals were still able to manage the lipid overload efficiently , and no sign of effective tissue inflammation occurred in livers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma lipid profile and liver histology indicated a better adaptive response of the A - HFD pigs compared to the C - HFD group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed a post - transcriptional induction of hepatic CYP2E1 activity in C - HFD pigs and a transcriptional induction of hepatic CYP3As - especially in the A - HFD group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No further CYP modulation was observed in either liver or extra - hepatic tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the administration of a high - fat diet in pigs resulted in limited effects on the drug metabolism system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The better adaptive response of A - HFD pigs compared to C - HFD pigs is a very interesting observation since the intermittent administration of the diet reflects the mode of human behavior more closely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic potential of targeting lipid aldehydes and lipoxidation end - products in the treatment of ocular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipoxidation reactions and the subsequent accumulation of advanced lipoxidation end products ( ALEs ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many of the leading causes of visual impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we begin by outlining some of the major lipid aldehydes produced through lipoxidation reactions , the ALEs formed upon their reaction with proteins , and the endogenous aldehyde metabolizing enzymes involved in protecting cells against lipoxidation mediated damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discussions are subsequently focused on the clinical and experimental evidence supporting the contribution of lipid aldehydes and ALEs in the development of ocular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From these discussions , it is clear that inhibition of lipoxidation reactions and ALE formation could represent a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of a broad range of ocular disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current and emerging pharmacological strategies to prevent or neutralize the effects of lipid aldehydes and ALEs are therefore considered , with particular emphasis on the potential of these drugs for treatment of diseases of the eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploring a new frontier in cancer treatment : targeting the ubiquitin and ubiquitin - like activating enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The labeling of proteins with small ubiquitin ( Ub ) and ubiquitin - like ( Ubl ) modifiers regulates a plethora of activities within the cell , such as protein recycling , cell cycle modifications , and protein translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These processes are often overactive in diseased cells , leading to unregulated cell growth and disease progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in systems where Ub / Ubl protein labeling is dysregulated , the development of drugs to selectively and potently disrupt Ub / Ubl protein labeling offers a targeted molecular approach for sensitizing these diseased cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Perspective outlines the progress that has been made in the context of inhibitor development for targeting Ub / Ubl pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parallel nanometric 3D tracking of intracellular gold nanorods using multifocal two - photon microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a novel technique for long - term parallel three dimensional ( 3D ) - tracking of gold nanorods in live cells with nanometer resolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold nanorods feature a strong plasmon - enhanced two - photon luminescence , can be easily functionalized , and have been shown to be nontoxic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These properties make gold nanorods very suitable for in vivo two - photon luminescence microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By rapid multifocal scanning , we combine the advantages of 3D molecular tracking methods using wide - field imaging with the advantages of two - photon microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated gold nanorods can be localized with a resolution of 4 nm in the xy - plane and 8 nm in the z - direction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polarization - dependence of the two - photon luminescence signal can be used to resolve the angular orientation , even when two gold nanorods are separated by less than the diffraction limit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual nanorods in live U2OS cells could be followed in 3 dimensions for over 30 min , with a photon noise limited accuracy , and a time resolution of 50 ms in 2D and 500 ms in 3D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a potent and isoform - selective targeted covalent inhibitor of the lipid kinase PI3K alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PI3K alpha has been identified as an oncogene in human tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By use of rational drug design , a targeted covalent inhibitor 3 ( CNX - 1351 ) was created that potently and specifically inhibits PI3K alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNX - 1351", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate , using mass spectrometry and X - ray crystallography , that the selective inhibitor covalently modifies PI3K alpha on cysteine 862 ( C862 ) , an amino acid unique to the alpha isoform , and that PI3K beta , - gamma , and - delta are not covalently modified .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 is able to potently ( EC ( 50 ) < 100 nM ) and specifically inhibit signaling in PI3K alpha - dependent cancer cell lines , and this leads to a potent antiproliferative effect ( GI ( 50 ) < 100 nM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A covalent probe , 8 ( CNX - 1220 ) , which selectively bonds to PI3K alpha , was used to investigate the duration of occupancy of 3 with PI3K alpha in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNX - 1220", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report of a PI3K alpha - selective inhibitor , and these data demonstrate the biological impact of selectively targeting PI3K alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and Structure - Activity Relationships of N - Methyl - 5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxylindoles as Novel Antimitotic and Vascular Disrupting Agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Methyl - 5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxylindoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several new series of 5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxyindole derivatives were synthesized and their structure - activity relationships ( SARs ) were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxyindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these compounds exhibited strong antiproliferative activities in the submicromolar range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Methyl - 5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxylindoles 21 and 31 displayed the highest antiproliferative activities , with IC ( 50 ) values ranging from 22 to 125 nM in four human cancer cell lines and activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Methyl - 5 , 6 , 7 - trimethoxylindoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to vascular disrupting activity verified by in vitro assays , compounds 21 and 31 displayed much higher selectivity for activated HUVECs versus quiescent HUVECs than those of colchicine and combretastatinA - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 197]}, {"entity": "combretastatinA - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polymerization of cancer cell tubulin was inhibited and the cell cycle was arrested in the G2 / M phase after treatment with 21 and 31 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was showed that 21 disrupted tumor vasculature by use of in vivo assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that these two new compounds we synthesized may become the promising leads for the development of vascular disrupting agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A activates the Nrf1 / 2 - antioxidant response element pathway in HEK 293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins for baby bottles , liners of canned food , and many other consumer products .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "polycarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , BPA has been shown to reduce the activity of several antioxidant enzymes , which may contribute to oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the underlying mechanism of the BPA - mediated effect upon antioxidant enzyme activity is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant and phase II metabolizing enzymes protect cells from oxidative stress and are transcriptionally activated by Nrf1 and Nrf2 factors through their cis - regulatory antioxidant response elements ( AREs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have assessed the effect of BPA on the Nrf1 / 2 - ARE pathway in cultured human embryonic kidney ( HEK ) 293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , glutathione and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) assays revealed that BPA application created a more reduced intracellular environment in cultured HEK 293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , BPA increased the transactivation activity of ectopic Nrf1 and Nrf2 and increased the expression of ARE - target genes ho - 1 and nqo1 at high ( 100 - 200 mu M ) BPA concentrations only .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study suggests that BPA activates the Nrf1 / 2 - ARE pathway at high ( > 10 mu M ) micromolar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organoselenium compounds modulate extracellular redox by induction of extracellular cysteine and cell surface thioredoxin reductase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organoselenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of selenium compounds on extracellular redox modulating capacity was studied in murine macrophage RAW 264 . 7 cells and differentiated human THP - 1 monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The arylselenium compounds benzeneselenol ( PhSeH ) , dibenzyl diselenide ( DBDSe ) , diphenyl diselenide ( DPDSe ) , and ebselen were capable of inducing extracellular cysteine accumulation via a cystine - and glucose - dependent process .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylselenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "benzeneselenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "PhSeH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "dibenzyl diselenide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "DBDSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "diphenyl diselenide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "DPDSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "ebselen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "cystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 204]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular cysteine production was dose - dependently inhibited by glutamate , an inhibitor of cystine / glutamate antiporter ( Xc ( - ) transporter ) , supporting the involvement of Xc ( - ) transporter for cystine uptake in the above process .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "cystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "cystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These arylselenium compounds also induced cellular thioredoxin reductase ( TrxR ) expression , particularly at the exofacial surface of cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylselenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TrxR1 knockdown using small interfering RNA attenuated TrxR increases and cysteine efflux induced in cells by DPDSe .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "DPDSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium selenite ( Na2SeO3 ) , selenomethionine ( SeMet ) , seleno - l - cystine ( SeCySS ) , and Se - methylselenocysteine ( MeSeCys ) did not have these effects on macrophages under the same treatment conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Na2SeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "selenomethionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "SeMet", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "seleno - l - cystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "SeCySS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "Se - methylselenocysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 122]}, {"entity": "MeSeCys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of organoselenium compounds on extracellular redox may contribute to the known , but inadequately understood , biological effects of selenium compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "organoselenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nonribosomal peptide synthetase - derived iron ( III ) complex from the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small molecules ( SMs ) play central roles as virulence factors of pathogenic fungi and bacteria ; however , genomic analyses suggest that the majority of microbial SMs have remained uncharacterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on microarray analysis followed by comparative metabolomics of overexpression / knockout mutants , we identified a tryptophan - derived iron ( III ) - complex , hexadehydro - astechrome ( HAS ) , as the major product of the cryptic has nonribosomal peptide synthetase ( NRPS ) gene cluster in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "iron ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "hexadehydro - astechrome", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 191]}, {"entity": "HAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the has cluster created a highly virulent A . fumigatus strain that increased mortality of infected mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative metabolomics of different mutant strains allowed to propose a pathway for HAS biosynthesis and further revealed cross - talk with another NRPS pathway producing the anticancer fumitremorgins .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "fumitremorgins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular drug concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many drug targets are intracellular .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To access them , a drug molecule must pass through the cell membrane , a process often facilitated or impeded by transporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once in the cytoplasm , basic molecules may become concentrated in organelles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To predict the pharmacologic effect accurately , there must be data concerning the concentration at the target , which is difficult to measure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Techniques that combine mass spectrometry and imaging techniques ( matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization , secondary ion mass spectrometry ( SIMS ) , and nanoSIMS ) have promise in addressing this problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging lymphae for the fountain of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lymphatic system is indispensable for the collection and cycling of tissue - extravasated fluids , macromolecules and immune cells into the bloodstream .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different mechanisms , including sprouting , ballooning and budding of lymphatic endothelial cells from the cardinal vein , have been proposed for lymphatic vessel formation during mammalial embryogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H a gerling et al ( 2013 ) now provide a cell - scale model of lymphoangiogenesis by applying selective plane illumination - based ultramicroscopy ( Becker et al , 2008 ) to wholemount - immunostained mouse embryos .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They describe VEGFR - 3 , VEGF - C and CCBE1 as key regulators of lymphatic endothelial cell budding and migration at the early emergence of lymphatics from venous endothelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Narrow bandgap colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dots : synthetic methods , heterostructures , assemblies , electronic and infrared optical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemistry , material processing and fundamental understanding of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals ( quantum dots ) are advancing at an astounding rate , bringing the prospects of widespread commercialization of these novel and exciting materials ever closer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interest in narrow bandgap nanocrystals in particular has intensified in recent years , and the results of research worldwide point to the realistic prospects of applications for these materials in solar cells , infrared optoelectronics ( e . g . lasers , optical modulators , photodetectors and photoimaging devices ) , low cost / large format microelectronics , and in biological imaging and biosensor systems to name only some technologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvements in fundamental understanding and material quality are built on a vast body of experience spread over many different methods of colloidal synthetic growth , each with their own strengths and weaknesses for different materials and sometimes with regard to particular applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanocrystal growth expertise is matched by a rapidly expanding , and highly interdisciplinary , understanding of how best to assemble these materials into films or hybrid composites and thereby into useful devices , and again there are many different strategies that can be adopted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we have attempted to survey and compare the recent work on colloidal synthesis , film and nanocrystal composite material fabrication , concentrating on narrow bandgap chalcogenide materials and some of their topical applications in the solar energy and biological fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcogenide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since these applications are attracting rising interest across a wide range of disciplines , from the biological sciences , device engineering , and materials processing fields as well as the physics and synthetic chemistry communities , we have endeavoured to make the review of these narrow bandgap nanomaterials both comprehensive and accessible to newcomers to the area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a small - molecule inhibitor of HIV - 1 assembly that targets the phosphatidylinositol ( 4 , 5 ) - bisphosphate binding site of the HIV - 1 matrix protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol ( 4 , 5 ) - bisphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of drug resistance remains a critical problem for current HIV - 1 antiviral therapies , creating a need for new inhibitors of HIV - 1 replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported on a novel anti - HIV - 1 compound , N ( 2 ) - ( phenoxyacetyl ) - N - [ 4 - ( 1 - piperidinylcarbonyl ) benzyl ] glycinamide ( 14 ) , that binds to the highly conserved phosphatidylinositol ( 4 , 5 ) - bisphosphate ( PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 ) ) binding pocket of the HIV - 1 matrix ( MA ) protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ( 2 ) - ( phenoxyacetyl ) - N - [ 4 - ( 1 - piperidinylcarbonyl ) benzyl ] glycinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 148]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol ( 4 , 5 ) - bisphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 238]}, {"entity": "PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we re - evaluate the hits from the virtual screen used to identify compound 14 and test them directly in an HIV - 1 replication assay using primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study resulted in the identification of three new compounds with antiviral activity ; 2 - ( 4 - { [ 3 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazol - 5 - yl ] methyl } ) - 1 - piperazinyl ) - N - ( 4 - methylphenyl ) acetamide ( 7 ) , 3 - ( 2 - ethoxyphenyl ) - 5 - [ [ 4 - ( 4 - nitrophenyl ) piperazin - 1 - yl ] methyl ] - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole ( 17 ) , and N - [ 4 - ethoxy - 3 - ( 1 - piperidinylsulfonyl ) phenyl ] - 2 - ( imidazo [ 2 , 1 - b ] [ 1 , 3 ] thiazol - 6 - yl ) acetamide ( 18 ) , with compound 7 being the most potent of these hits .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 4 - { [ 3 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazol - 5 - yl ] methyl } ) - 1 - piperazinyl ) - N - ( 4 - methylphenyl ) acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 232]}, {"entity": "3 - ( 2 - ethoxyphenyl ) - 5 - [ [ 4 - ( 4 - nitrophenyl ) piperazin - 1 - yl ] methyl ] - 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 354]}, {"entity": "N - [ 4 - ethoxy - 3 - ( 1 - piperidinylsulfonyl ) phenyl ] - 2 - ( imidazo [ 2 , 1 - b ] [ 1 , 3 ] thiazol - 6 - yl ) acetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [368, 496]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistic studies on 7 demonstrated that it directly interacts with and functions through HIV - 1 MA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In accordance with our drug target , compound 7 competes with PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 ) for MA binding and , as a result , diminishes the production of new virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation of residues within the PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 ) binding site of MA decreased the antiviral effect of compound 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PI ( 4 , 5 ) P ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , compound 7 displays a broadly neutralizing anti - HIV activity , with IC ( 50 ) values of 7 . 5 - 15 . 6 mu M for the group M isolates tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results point towards a novel chemical probe that can be used to more closely study the biological role of MA and could , through further optimization , lead to a new class of anti - HIV - 1 therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CrbpI regulates mammary retinoic acid homeostasis and the mammary microenvironment .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular retinol - binding protein , type I ( CrbpI ) , encoded by retinol - binding protein , type 1 ( Rbp1 ) , is a chaperone of vitamin A ( retinol ) that is epigenetically silenced in ~ 25 % of human breast cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CrbpI delivers vitamin A to enzymes for metabolism into an active metabolite , all - trans retinoic acid ( atRA ) , where atRA is essential to cell proliferation , apoptosis , differentiation , and migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "all - trans retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 104]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show the effect of CrbpI loss on mammary atRA homeostasis using the Rbp1 ( - / - ) mouse model .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rbp1 ( - / - ) mouse mammary tissue has disrupted retinoid homeostasis that results in 40 % depleted endogenous atRA .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CrbpI loss and atRA depletion precede defects in atRA biosynthesis enzyme expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compensation by CrbpIII as a retinoid chaperone does not functionally replace CrbpI .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammary subcellular fractions isolated from Rbp1 ( - / - ) mice have altered retinol dehydrogenase / reductase ( Rdh ) enzyme activity that results in 24 - 42 % less atRA production .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rbp1 ( - / - ) mammary tissue has epithelial hyperplasia , stromal hypercellularity , increased collagen , and increased oxidative stress characteristic of atRA deficiency and early tissue dysfunction that precedes tumor formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with the findings from the Rbp1 ( - / - ) mouse , tumorigenic epithelial cells lacking CrbpI expression produce 51 % less atRA .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data show that CrbpI loss disrupts atRA homeostasis in mammary tissue , resulting in microenvironmental defects similar to those observed at the early stages of tumorigenesis . - Pierzchalski , K . , Yu , J . , Norman , V . , Kane , M .", "entity": [{"entity": "atRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small - molecule - mediated axonal branching in Caenorhabditis elegans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vivo system for monitoring small - molecule - mediated neuronal branching has been developed by using C . elegans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth - promoting compounds can be detected by visual inspection of GFPlabeled cholinergic neurons , as axonal branching occurs following treatment with neurotrophic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of the structure - activity relationship of the neurotrophic natural product clovanemagnolol ( 1 ) led us to a comparable chemically edited derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "clovanemagnolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multifarious roles of intrinsic disorder in proteins illustrate its broad impact on plant biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intrinsically disordered proteins ( IDPs ) are highly abundant in eukaryotic proteomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant IDPs play critical roles in plant biology and often act as integrators of signals from multiple plant regulatory and environmental inputs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding promiscuity and plasticity allow IDPs to interact with multiple partners in protein interaction networks and provide important functional advantages in molecular recognition through transient protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short interaction - prone segments within IDPs , termed molecular recognition features , represent potential binding sites that can undergo disorder - to - order transition upon binding to their partners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we summarize the evidence for the importance of IDPs in plant biology and evaluate the functions associated with intrinsic disorder in five different types of plant protein families experimentally confirmed as IDPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional studies of these proteins illustrate the broad impact of disorder on many areas of plant biology , including abiotic stress , transcriptional regulation , light perception , and development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the roles of disorder in the protein - protein interactions , we propose various modes of action for plant IDPs that may provide insight for future experimental approaches aimed at understanding the molecular basis of protein function within important plant pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the putative dimer - dimer interfaces of the measles virus hemagglutinin head domain affect membrane fusion triggering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measles virus ( MV ) , an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family , enters the cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins , an attachment protein hemagglutinin ( H ) and a fusion ( F ) protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structure of the receptor - binding head domain of MV - H bound to its cellular receptor revealed that the MV - H head domain forms a tetrameric assembly ( dimer of dimers ) , which occurs in two forms ( forms I and II ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we show that mutations in the putative dimer - dimer interface of the head domain in either form inhibit the ability of MV - H to support membrane fusion , without greatly affecting its cell surface expression , receptor binding , and interaction with the F protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , some anti - MV - H neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are directed to the region around the dimer - dimer interface in form I rather than receptor - binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest that the dimer - dimer interactions of the MV - H head domain , especially that in form I , contribute to triggering membrane fusion , and that conformational shift of head domain tetramers plays a role in the process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , our results indicate that although the stalk and transmembrane regions may be mainly responsible for the tetramer formation of MV - H , the head domain alone can form tetramers , albeit at a low efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sialylneolacto - N - tetraose c ( LSTc ) - bearing liposomal decoys capture influenza A virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sialylneolacto - N - tetraose c", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influenza is a severe disease in humans and animals with few effective therapies available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All strains of influenza virus are prone to developing drug resistance due to the high mutation rate in the viral genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A therapeutic agent that targets a highly conserved region of the virus could bypass resistance and also be effective against multiple strains of influenza .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influenza uses many individually weak ligand binding interactions for a high avidity multivalent attachment to sialic acid - bearing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "sialic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymerized sialic acid analogs can form multivalent interactions with influenza but are not ideal therapeutics due to solubility and toxicity issues .", "entity": [{"entity": "sialic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used liposomes as a novel means for delivery of the glycan sialylneolacto - N - tetraose c ( LSTc ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sialylneolacto - N - tetraose c", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 93]}, {"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSTc - bearing decoy liposomes form multivalent , polymer - like interactions with influenza virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decoy liposomes competitively bind influenza virus in hemagglutination inhibition assays and inhibit infection of target cells in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition is specific for influenza virus , as inhibition of Sendai virus and respiratory syncytial virus is not observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , monovalent LSTc does not bind influenza virus or inhibit infectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSTc decoy liposomes prevent the spread of influenza virus during multiple rounds of replication in vitro and extend survival of mice challenged with a lethal dose of virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LSTc decoy liposomes co - localize with fluorescently tagged influenza virus , whereas control liposomes do not .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSTc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the conservation of the hemagglutinin binding pocket and the ability of decoy liposomes to form high avidity interactions with influenza hemagglutinin , our decoy liposomes have potential as a new therapeutic agent against emerging influenza strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for metal - surface interactions and their role in stabilizing well - defined immobilized Ru - NHC alkene metathesis catalysts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ru - NHC alkene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondary interactions are demonstrated to direct the stability of well - defined Ru - NHC - based heterogeneous alkene metathesis catalysts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ru - NHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "alkene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By providing key stabilization of the active sites , higher catalytic performance is achieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , they can be described as interactions between the metal center ( active site ) and the surface functionality of the support , and they have been detected by surface - enhanced ( 1 ) H - ( 29 ) Si NMR spectroscopy of the ligand and ( 31 ) P solid - state NMR of the catalyst precursor .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "( 29 ) Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 210]}, {"entity": "( 31 ) P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are present only when the metal center is attached to the surface via a flexible linker ( a propyl group ) , which allows the active site to either react with the substrate or relax , reversibly , to the surface , thus providing stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "propyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the use of a rigid linker ( here mesitylphenyl ) leads to a well - defined active site far away from the surface , stabilized only by a phosphine ligand which under reaction conditions leaves probably irreversibly , leading to faster decomposition and deactivation of the catalysts .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesitylphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "phosphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intercalation pathway in many - particle LiFePO4 electrode revealed by nanoscale state - of - charge mapping .", "entity": [{"entity": "LiFePO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intercalation pathway of lithium iron phosphate ( LFP ) in the positive electrode of a lithium - ion battery was probed at the ~ 40 nm length scale using oxidation - state - sensitive X - ray microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium iron phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "LFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined with morphological observations of the same exact locations using transmission electron microscopy , we quantified the local state - of - charge of approximately 450 individual LFP particles over nearly the entire thickness of the porous electrode .", "entity": [{"entity": "LFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the electrode charged to 50 % state - of - charge in 0 . 5 h , we observed that the overwhelming majority of particles were either almost completely delithiated or lithiated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , only ~ 2 % of individual particles were at an intermediate state - of - charge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this small fraction of particles that were actively undergoing delithiation , we conclude that the time needed to charge a particle is ~ 1 / 50 the time needed to charge the entire particle ensemble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , we observed a very weak correlation between the sequence of delithiation and the particle size , contrary to the common expectation that smaller particles delithiate before larger ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our quantitative results unambiguously confirm the mosaic ( particle - by - particle ) pathway of intercalation and suggest that the rate - limiting process of charging is initiating the phase transformation by , for example , a nucleation - like event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , strategies for further enhancing the performance of LFP electrodes should not focus on increasing the phase - boundary velocity but on the rate of phase - transformation initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LFP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological chaperones as therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysosomal enzymes are responsible for the degradation of a wide variety of glycolipids , oligosaccharides , proteins , and glycoproteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inherited mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to reduced stability of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While often catalytically competent , the mutated enzymes are unable to efficiently pass the quality control mechanisms of the endoplasmic reticulum , resulting in reduced lysosomal trafficking , substrate accumulation , and cellular dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological chaperones ( PCs ) are small molecules that bind and stabilize mutant lysosomal enzymes , thereby allowing proper cellular translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such compounds have been shown to increase enzyme activity and reduce substrate burden in a number of preclinical models and clinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this Perspective , we review several of the lysosomal diseases for which PCs have been studied and the SAR of the various classes of molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro study of injury on human bronchial epithelial cells caused by gunpowder smog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smog inhalation is associated with acute respiratory symptoms in exposed victims .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , despite the evidence from cell injury caused by smog , a stable and practical apparatus used to treat cells with smog is necessary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to develop a cell research platform of smoke inhalation injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the smog - generation device , a wireless electromagnetic heater was used to ignite gunpowder and generate smog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quality of black powder was checked by the black powder burn rate , and experimental smog was indirectly checked by the amount of cell damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temperature and humidity were set at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C and >= 95 % in the smog - cells reaction chamber , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors including gunpowder dosages , smog - exposure time , the cell density , modes of exposure , volumes of smog , test durations , volumes of the cell culture medium and combustion velocity were measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coefficient variation of different batches of gunpowder and smog were less than 4 % and 9 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With larger gunpowder dosage and longer exposure time , cell injury appeared to increase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When cells were cultured in 4 x 10 ( 4 ) / well density in culture medium ( 1 mL / well ) , exposed to more than 10 L smog with filter screens above plates , detected after 24 h culture in cell incubator and gunpowder burned out within 5 s , smog had the best effect on cell injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the experimental device can produce test smog stably and safely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparatus treating cells with smog can induce cell injury effectively , and the injury is positively correlated with smog concentration and exposure time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computationally assisted assignment of kahalalide Y configuration using an NMR - constrained conformational search .", "entity": [{"entity": "kahalalide Y", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assignment of the absolute configuration of cyclic peptides frequently yields challenges , leaving one or more stereogenic centers unassigned due to small quantities of sample and the limited utility of Marfey ' s or other methods for assigning amino or hydroxy acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino or hydroxy acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report isolation of kahalalide Y ( 1 ) from Bryopsis pennata for the first time ; in addition , the application of a combination of molecular modeling and NOE distance constraint calculations was utilized to determine the conformation of 1 and the absolute configuration of the final stereogenic center of 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "kahalalide Y", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the Schr o dinger suite , the structure of 1 was sketched in Maestro and minimized using the OPLS2005 force field in Macromodel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A conformational search was performed separately for structures having an R or S configuration at C - 3 of the beta - hydroxy fatty acid subunit that completes the cyclic scaffold of 1 , after which multiple minimizations for all generated conformers were carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - hydroxy fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest energy conformers of R and S stereoisomers were then subjected to B3LYP geometry optimizations including solvent effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The S stereoisomer was shown to be in excellent agreement with the NOE - derived distance constraints and hydrogen - bonding stability studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surfactant adsorption and interfacial tension investigations on cyclopentane hydrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentane hydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas hydrates represent an unconventional methane resource and a production / safety risk to traditional oil and gas flowlines .", "entity": [{"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both systems , hydrate may share interfaces with both aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To accurately model macroscopic properties , such as relative permeability in unconventional systems or dispersion viscosity in traditional systems , knowledge of hydrate interfacial properties is required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work presents hydrate cohesive force results measured on a micromechanical force apparatus , and complementary water - hydrocarbon interfacial tension data .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining a revised cohesive force model with experimental data , two interfacial properties of cyclopentane hydrate were estimated : hydrate - water and hydrate - cyclopentane interfacial tension values at 0 . 32 +/- 0 . 05 mN / m and 47 +/- 5 mN / m , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentane hydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 119]}, {"entity": "cyclopentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fundamental physiochemical properties have not been estimated or measured for cyclopentane hydrate to date .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentane hydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of surfactants in the cyclopentane phase significantly reduced the cyclopentane hydrate cohesive force ; we hypothesize this behavior to be the result of surfactant adsorption on the hydrate - oil interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "cyclopentane hydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface excess quantities were estimated for hydrate - oil and water - oil interfaces using four carboxylic and sulfonic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxylic and sulfonic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest the density of adsorbed surfactant may be 2 x larger for the hydrate - oil interface than the water - oil interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , hydrate - oil interfacial tension was observed to begin decreasing from the baseline value at significantly lower surfactant concentrations ( 1 - 3 orders of magnitude ) than those for the water - oil interfacial tension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotoxic potential and cellular uptake of T - 2 toxin in human astrocytes in primary culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trichothecene mycotoxin T - 2 toxin , which is produced by fungi of the Fusarium species , is a worldwide occurring contaminant of cereal based food and feed .", "entity": [{"entity": "trichothecene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic properties of T - 2 toxin are already well described with apoptosis being a major mechanism of action in various cell lines as well as in primary cells of different origin .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only few data on neurotoxic properties of T - 2 toxin are reported so far , but in vivo studies showed different effects of T - 2 toxin on behavior as well as on levels of brain amines in animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further investigate the cytotoxic properties of T - 2 toxin on cells derived from brain tissue , normal human astrocytes in primary culture ( NHA ) were used in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides studies of cytotoxicity , apoptosis ( caspase - 3 - activation , Annexin V ) and necrosis ( LDH - release ) , the cellular uptake and metabolism of T - 2 toxin in NHA was analyzed and compared to the uptake in an established human cell line ( HT - 29 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that human astrocytes were highly sensitive to the cytotoxic properties of T - 2 toxin , and apoptosis , induced at low concentrations , was identified for the first time as the mechanism of toxic action in NHA .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a strong accumulation of T - 2 toxin in NHA and HT - 29 cells was detected , and T - 2 toxin was subjected to metabolism leading to HT - 2 toxin , a commonly found metabolite after T - 2 toxin incubation in both cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "HT - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This formation seems to occur within the cells since incubations of T - 2 toxin with cell depleted culture medium did not lead to any degradation of the parent toxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study emphasize the neurotoxic potential of T - 2 toxin in human astrocytes at low concentrations after short incubation times .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct atomic - level observation and chemical analysis of ZnSe synthesized by in situ high - throughput reactive fiber drawing .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate a high - throughput method for synthesizing zinc selenide ( ZnSe ) in situ during fiber drawing .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc selenide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central to this method is a thermally activated chemical reaction occurring across multiple interfaces between alternately layered elemental zinc - ( Zn - ) and selenium - ( Se - ) rich films embedded in a preform and drawn into meters of fiber at a temperature well below the melting temperature of either Zn or ZnSe .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 145]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 309]}, {"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By depositing 50 nm thick layers of Zn interleaved between 1 mu m thick Se layers , a controlled breakup of the Zn sheet is achieved , thereby enabling a complete and controlled chemical reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermodynamics and kinetics of this synthesis process are studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry , and the in - fiber compound is analyzed by a multiplicity of materials characterization tools , including transmission electron microscopy , Raman microscopy , energy - dispersive X - ray spectroscopy , and X - ray diffraction , all resulting in unambiguous identification of ZnSe as the compound produced from the reactive fiber draw .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [419, 423]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we characterize the in - fiber ZnSe / Se97S3 heterojunction to demonstrate the prospect of ZnSe - based fiber optoelectronic devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "ZnSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to synthesize new compounds during fiber drawing at nanometer scale precision and to characterize them at the atomic - level extends the architecture and materials selection compatible with multimaterial fiber drawing , thus paving the way toward more complex and sophisticated functionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc - dependent lysosomal enlargement in TRPML1 - deficient cells involves MTF - 1 transcription factor and ZnT4 ( Slc30a4 ) transporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zinc is critical for a multitude of cellular processes , including gene expression , secretion and enzymatic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular zinc is controlled by zinc - chelating proteins and by zinc transporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent identification of zinc permeability of the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 ( transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 ) , and the evidence of abnormal zinc levels in cells deficient in TRPML1 , suggested a role for TRPML1 in zinc transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we provide new evidence for such a role and identify additional cellular components responsible for it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with the previously published data , an acute siRNA ( small interfering RNA ) - driven TRPML1 KD ( knockdown ) leads to the build - up of large cytoplasmic vesicles positive for LysoTracker (TM) and zinc staining , when cells are exposed to high concentrations of zinc .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 216]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that lysosomal enlargement and zinc build - up in TRPML1 - KD cells exposed to zinc are ameliorated by KD of the zinc - sensitive transcription factor MTF - 1 ( metal - regulatory - element - binding transcription factor - 1 ) or the zinc transporter ZnT4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRPML1 KD is associated with a build - up of cytoplasmic zinc and with enhanced transcriptional response of mRNA for MT2a ( metallothionein 2a ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRPML1 KD did not suppress lysosomal secretion , but it did delay zinc leak from the lysosomes into the cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results underscore a role for TRPML1 in zinc metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , they suggest that TRPML1 works in concert with ZnT4 to regulate zinc translocation between the cytoplasm and lysosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogenated ZnO core - shell nanocables for flexible supercapacitors and self - powered systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although MnO2 is a promising material for supercapacitors ( SCs ) due to its excellent electrochemical performance and natural abundance , its wide application is limited by poor electrical conductivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MnO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspired by our results that the electrochemical activity and electrical conductivity of ZnO nanowires were greatly improved after hydrogenation , we designed and fabricated hydrogenated single - crystal ZnO @ amorphous ZnO - doped MnO2 core - shell nanocables ( HZM ) on carbon cloth as SC electrodes , showing excellent performance such as areal capacitance of 138 . 7 mF / cm ( 2 ) and specific capacitance of 1260 . 9 F / g .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "ZnO - doped MnO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly flexible all - solid - state SCs were subsequently assembled with these novel HZM electrodes using polyvinyl alcohol / LiCl electrolyte .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyvinyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "LiCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The working devices achieved very high total areal capacitance of 26 mF / cm ( 2 ) and retained 87 . 5 % of the original capacitance even after 10 000 charge / discharge cycles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An integrated power pack incorporating series - wound SCs and dye - sensitized solar cells was demonstrated for stand - alone self - powered systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of chain length and double bond on the aqueous behavior of choline carboxylate soaps .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In preceding studies , we demonstrated that choline carboxylates ChC ( m ) with alkyl chain lengths of m = 12 - 18 are highly water - soluble ( for m = 12 , soluble up to 93 wt % soap and 0 degrees C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline carboxylates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "ChC ( m )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , choline soaps are featured by an extraordinary lyotropic phase behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With decreasing water concentration , the following phases were found : micellar phase ( L ( 1 ) ) , discontinuous cubic phase ( I ( 1 ) ' and I ( 1 ) \" ) , hexagonal phase ( H ( 1 ) ) , bicontinuous cubic phase ( V ( 1 ) ) , and lamellar phase ( L ( alpha ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work is also focused on the lyotropic phase behavior of choline soaps but with shorter alkyl chains or different alkyl chain properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the aqueous phase behavior of choline soaps with C ( 8 ) and C ( 10 ) chain - lengths ( choline octanoate and choline decanoate ) and with a C ( 18 ) chain - length with a cis - double bond ( choline oleate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "C ( 8 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "C ( 10 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "choline octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "choline decanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 148]}, {"entity": "C ( 18 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "choline oleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that choline decanoate follows the lyotropic phase behavior of the longer - chain homologues mentioned above .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline decanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Choline octanoate in water shows no discontinuous cubic phases , but an extended , isotropic micellar solution phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Choline octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , choline octanoate is at the limit between a surfactant and a hydrotrope .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The double bond in choline oleate leads also to a better solubility in water and a decrease of the solubilization temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline oleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also influences the Gaussian curvature of the aggregates which results in a loss of discontinuous cubic phases in the binary phase diagram .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The different lyotropic mesophases were identified by the penetration scan technique with polarizing light microscope and visual observations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the structural behavior small ( SAXS ) and wide ( WAXS ) angle X - ray scattering were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further characterize the extended , isotropic micellar solution phase in the binary phase diagram of choline octanoate viscosity and conductivity measurements were also carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparation , characterization , in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies of donepezil - loaded PLGA nanoparticles for brain targeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Objective : Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by cognitive , memory deterioration and variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donepezil is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this work is to prepare a nanoparticulate drug delivery system of donepezil using poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid ) ( PLGA ) for sustained release and efficient brain targeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 133]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials and methods : PLGA nanoparticles ( NPs ) were prepared by the solvent emulsification diffusion - evaporation technique and characterized for particle size , particle - size distribution , zeta potential , entrapment efficiency , drug loading and interaction studies and in vivo studies using gamma scintigraphy techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results and discussion : The size of drug - loaded NPs ( drug polymer ratio 1 : 1 ) was found to be 89 . 67 +/- 6 . 43 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TEM and SEM images of the formulation suggested that particle size was within 20 - 100 nm and spherical in shape , smooth morphology and coating of Tween - 80 on the NPs was clearly observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tween - 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release behavior of donepezil exhibited a biphasic pattern characterized by an initial burst release followed by a slower and continuous sustained release .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biodistribution studies of donepezil - loaded PLGA NPs and drug solution via intravenous route revealed higher percentage of radioactivity per gram in the brain for the nanoparticulate formulation as compared with the drug solution ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : The high concentrations of donepezil uptake in brain due to coated NPs may help in a significant improvement for treating AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "donepezil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But further , more extensive clinical studies are needed to check and confirm the efficacy of the prepared drug delivery system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of nucleoside analogues than contain silatrane on the basis of the structure of acyclovir ( ACV ) as novel inhibitors of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "silatrane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "acyclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection causes major public health problems worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyclovir ( ACV ) is mainly used to inhibit herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) rather than HBV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acyclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we used the combination principle to design and synthesize nucleoside analogues that contain silatrane on the basis of the structure of ACV .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "silatrane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "ACV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the compounds were effective inhibitors of HBV , both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the compounds showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBV surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and HBV e antigen ( HBeAg ) in the HepG2 . 2 . 15 cell line with low cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of compounds was studied in HBV transgenic mice model , and the test results showed its ability to reduce the levels of HBsAg , HBeAg and HBV DNA by ELASE and qPCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , significant improvement of T lymphocyte was observed after treatment , as evaluated by flow cytometry ( FCM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum amyloid A upsurge precedes standard biomarkers of hepatotoxicity in ritodrine - injected mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tocolytic agent ritodrine acts on the beta 2 - adrenoceptor and is an effective treatment option for preterm labor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , several adverse effects of ritodrine therapy , including liver damage , have been noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ritodrine - induced adverse effects , development of sensitive biomarkers of these adverse events is necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the development and analysis of an animal model of ritodrine - induced liver damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female mice received daily ritodrine injections for 2 weeks ; liver samples were then collected and subjected to DNA microarray analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ritodrine significantly altered the expression of genes related to steroid and lipid metabolism , as well as the metabolism of ritodrine itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , expression of the acute - phase reactant serum amyloid A ( SAA ) significantly increased after ritodrine injection , with values indicating the largest fold - change .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This large increase in blood SAA levels serves as a more sensitive biomarker than conventional liver enzymes , such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in SAA expression is specific to ritodrine - induced liver damage , because SAA expression was not induced by other hepatotoxic drugs such as acetaminophen , valproic acid , or metformin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our in vitro studies showed that cyclic adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate ( cAMP ) accumulation was not a primary cause of the ritodrine - induced SAA increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic adenosine 3 ' , 5 ' - monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 75]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , SAA expression was enhanced by indirect phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription - 3 ( STAT3 ) mediated by interleukin - 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our study provides a method for sensitive and early detection of hepatic injury , and may thus help preclude serious liver damage due to ritodrine use in preterm labor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritodrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L - type voltage - dependent calcium channel is involved in the snake venom group IA secretory phospholipase A2 - induced neuronal apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snake venom group IA secretory phospholipase A2 ( sPLA2 - IA ) is known as a neurotoxin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Snake venom sPLA2s are neurotoxic in vivo and in vitro , causing synergistic neurotoxicity to cortical cultures when applied with toxic concentrations of glutamate .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it has not yet been cleared sufficiently how sPLA2 - IA exerts neurotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found sPLA2 - IA induced neuronal cell death in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This death was a delayed response requiring a latent time for 6h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sPLA2 - IA - induced neuronal cell death was accompanied with apoptotic blebbing , condensed chromatin , and fragmented DNA , exhibiting apoptotic features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptor blockers suppressed the neurotoxicity of sPLA2 - IA , but an AMPA receptor blocker did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , L - type voltage - dependent Ca ( 2 + ) channel ( L - VDCC ) blocker significantly protected neurons from the sPLA2 - IA - induced apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , neither N - VDCC blockers nor P / Q - VDCC blocker did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we demonstrated that sPLA2 - IA induced neuronal cell death via apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the present study suggests that not only NMDA receptor but also L - VDCC contributed to the neurotoxicity of snake venom sPLA2 - IA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemo - responsive , self - oscillating gels that undergo biomimetic communication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species ranging from single - cell organisms to social insects can undergo auto - chemotaxis , where the entities move towards a chemo - attractant that they themselves emit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymer gels undergoing the self - oscillating Belousov - Zhabotinsky ( BZ ) reaction exhibit autonomous , periodic pulsations , which produce chemical species collectively referred to as the activator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diffusion of this activator into the surrounding solution affects the dynamic behavior of neighboring BZ gels and hence , the BZ gels not only emit , but also respond to self - generated chemical gradients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review describes recent experimental and computational studies that reveal how this biomimetic behavior effectively allows neighboring BZ gels to undergo cooperative , self - propelled motion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These distinctive properties of the BZ gels provide a route for creating reconfigurable materials that autonomously communicate with neighboring units and thereby actively participate in constructing the desired structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitogen - activated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which imbalances in pro - and anti - inflammatory cytokines promote the induction of autoimmunity , inflammation and joint destruction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methotrexate , the standard disease - modifying anti - rheumatic drug ( DMARD ) , has shown a gradual loss of efficacy in a significant proportion of patients , probably due to the onset of drug resistance , and thus it was hoped that the development of biologics would revolutionise RA management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though biologics have improved the therapy of patients refractive to DMARDs , they require parenteral administration and may leave patients open to serious infection and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , attention has also been focused on inhibitors of mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) , signalling enzymes that play key roles in pathogenic cytokine production , and their downstream effector pathways , in order to create safe and effective oral drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article therefore provides an overview of the structure and function of MAPKs and their role in the pathogenesis of RA as context to describing the advances in the development of specific , druggable MAPK inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their potential as therapies in the management of RA is also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of the light emitted by artificial illumination systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The light delivered by artificial illumination systems , and in particular by halogen quartz bulbs , contains UVA , UVB , and UVC radiation , is genotoxic to both bacterial and human cells and is potently carcinogenic to hairless mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since IARC has classified UV radiation in Group 1 , any source of UV light poses a carcinogenic hazard to humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suitable regulations would be needed in order to control the safety of the light emitted by artificial light sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired social behavior in chicks exposed to sodium valproate during the last week of embryogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES : To evaluate direct exposure to sodium valproate ( VPA ) during embryogenesis , we administered VPA to chick embryos and examined their social behaviors after hatching .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Embryos treated with VPA ( 35 mu mol / egg ) on day 14 were similar to controls for hatching date ( day 21 ) and hatchlings ' abilities , such as motor , imprinting , and surface righting .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these VPA chicks on posthatching day 3 scored significantly low in the chick ' s social separation stress ( SSS ) test as follows .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggregation test evaluated the speed of four chicks , individually isolated by a cardboard in a box , to aggregate upon removal of the cardboards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Belongingness test evaluated the speed of a chick isolated at a corner to join the group of three chicks placed at the opposite corner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vocalization test for each chick was performed in an isolated corner by using a sound level meter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrated that compared with controls , VPA chicks were significantly slow in aggregation ( 12 . 7 +/- 2 . 5 s vs . 2 . 9 +/- 0 . 9 s , p = 0 . 006 ) and belongingness ( 3 . 6 +/- 0 . 28 s / 40 cm vs . 2 . 6 +/- 0 . 14 s / 40 cm , P = 0 . 003 ) and weak in vocalization ( 13 . 4 +/- 2 . 8 dB / 30 s vs . 26 . 7 +/- 1 . 3 dB / 30 s , P = 0 . 001 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weight of cerebellum of VAP chick was 15 % lighter than controls ( P = 0 . 004 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Chick embryos exposed to VPA during the last week of embryogenesis had impaired social behaviors in spite of normal mortar and imprinting ability .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present method will be a useful animal model for assessing the effects of environment during embryogenesis on social behaviors in later life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstinence from repeated amphetamine treatment induces depressive - like behaviors and oxidative damage in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Amphetamine has a significant potential for abuse and addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among prolonged abusers , amphetamine withdrawal - induced depressive symptoms are common ; however , their pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we found that repeated treatment with amphetamine for 2 weeks induced oxidative stress in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The purpose of the current study is to analyze whether abstinence from repeated amphetamine treatment in rats induces depressive - like behaviors and if oxidative damage in the brain continues during abstinence .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Rats were given repeated treatment with amphetamine once daily at 1 , 2 , or 4 mg / kg for 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 10 to 14 days after final amphetamine treatment , behavioral changes were monitored using open field test , novel object recognition test , and forced swim test .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative damage in the medial frontal cortex and hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We found that drug abstinence after repeated amphetamine stimulation decreased locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in the open field test , increased immobility in the forced swim test , and had no significant effect on the recognition index in the novel object recognition test .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found that amphetamine abstinence increased levels of 4 - hydroxynonenal - protein adducts and 8 - hydroxyguanosine in rat medial frontal cortex and in CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxynonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "8 - hydroxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that amphetamine abstinence displays depressive - like behaviors in rats and induces oxidative damage to lipids and RNA in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that the process of oxidative stress may play a role in pathophysiological changes during drug abstinence from repeated amphetamine stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oroxylin A improves attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - like behaviors in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and inhibits reuptake of dopamine in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous studies we have demonstrated that the gamma - aminobutryic acid - A ( GABA - A ) receptor antagonist oroxylin A has an awakening effect and it also represses ADHD - like behaviors ( hyperactivity , impulsivity and inattention ) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat ( SHR ) model of attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutryic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that the effects of oroxylin A were exerted via the GABA - A receptor given the important role of the GABAergic system in ADHD .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is possible that aside from the GABAergic system , oroxylin A may influence other systems especially those implicated in ADHD ( e . g . DAergic , etc . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test this hypothesis , we evaluated the effects of GABA agonist , or dopamine ( DA ) antagonist in oroxylin A - induced alleviation of ADHD - like behaviors in SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SHR showed inattention and impulsivity as measured by the Y - maze and the electro - foot shock aversive water drinking tests , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oroxylin A significantly improved these behaviors , furthermore , its effect on SHR impulsivity was attenuated by haloperidol , a DA antagonist , but not by baicalein , an agonist of the GABA - A receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro studies showed that oroxylin A inhibited DA uptake similar to methylphenidate , a dopamine transporter blocker , but did not influence norepinephrine uptake unlike atomoxetine , a selective NE reuptake inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "atomoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , the present findings suggest that oroxylin A improves ADHD - like behaviors in SHR via enhancement of DA neurotransmission and not modulation of GABA pathway as previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the present study indicates the potential therapeutic value of oroxylin A in the treatment of ADHD .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxicity of a ternary biocide mixture to two consecutive earthworm ( Eisenia fetida ) Generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to determine the toxicity of a mixture containing the biocides picoxystrobin , esfenvalerate , and triclosan to the reproduction and adult survival of two consecutive generations of Eisenia fetida ( Savigny , 1826 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "picoxystrobin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "esfenvalerate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "triclosan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration addition and independent action were used to predict mixture toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to degradation of mixture components during the course of the experiment , predictions were based both on the mixture composition at the beginning and the end of the exposure period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As degradations were dose - dependent , none of the calculated predictions were precise for the entire concentration range , although combining both predictions led us to conclude that lethal toxicity was well predicted by concentration addition and sublethal toxicity by independent action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reproduction of the F1 generation was inhibited more ( p < 0 . 0001 ) than reproduction of the F0 generation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult survival did not differ between generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of the mixture toxicity predictions thus depended on both the time - dependent mixture composition and the earthworm generation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study underline the need for more advanced mixture toxicity prediction models that consider degradation kinetics and changes in toxic effects over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inadequate levothyroxine replacement for primary hypothyroidism is associated with poor health - related quality of life - a Brazilian multicentre study .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to verify the impact of levothyroxine replacement on health - related quality of life ( HRQoL ) in a Brazilian sample of primary hypothyroidism patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cross - sectional study was performed with 2 , 057 consecutive primary hypothyroidism patients on levothyroxine ( LT4 ) replacement at four referral centers in Brazil ( median age = 53 ; 25th percentile = 43 ; 75th percentile = 61 years ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "LT4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient biochemical data were acquired from medical records , and patients completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic issues and clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HRQoL was assessed using the SF - 36v2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were divided into three groups according to TSH levels : overtreated ( OvT ; TSH < 0 . 4 mU / L ) , appropriately treated ( AT ; TSH between 0 . 4 and 4 . 0 mU / L ) , and undertreated ( UnT ; TSH > 4 . 0 mU / L ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were also analyzed by TSH and FT4 serum levels : overt hyperthyroidism ( OHyper ; TSH < 0 . 4 mU / L and FT4 > 1 . 9 ng / dL ) , subclinical hyperthyroidism ( SHyper ; TSH < 0 . 4 mU / L and FT4 0 . 8 - 1 . 9 ng / dL ) , subclinical hypothyroidism ( SHypo ; TSH > 4 . 0 mU / L and FT4 0 . 8 - 1 . 9 ng / dL ) , and overt hypothyroidism ( OHypo ; TSH > 4 . 0 mU / L and FT4 < 0 . 8 ng / dL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 14 . 4 % of patients were OvT , with 13 . 0 % SHyper and 1 . 4 % OHyper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of UnT was 25 . 9 % , with 21 . 5 % SHypo and 4 . 4 % OHypo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overtreatment was not associated with HRQoL impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UnT patients had worse HRQoL than AT patients , especially for physical and emotional aspects , independent of SHypo or OHypo status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothyroidism undertreatment is associated with poor patient HRQoL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , adequate LT4 therapy should be given to maintain serum TSH within the reference range .", "entity": [{"entity": "LT4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel locus including FGF21 is associated with dietary macronutrient intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary intake of macronutrients ( carbohydrate , protein , and fat ) has been associated with risk of chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Family studies have reported a moderate contribution of genetics to variation in macronutrient intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a genome - wide meta - analysis of a population - based discovery cohort ( n = 33 533 ) , rs838133 in FGF21 ( 19q13 . 33 ) , rs197273 near TRAF family member - associated NF - kappa - B activator ( TANK ) ( 2p24 . 2 ) , and rs10163409 in FTO ( 16q12 . 2 ) were among the top associations ( P < 10 ( - 5 ) ) for percentage of total caloric intake from protein and carbohydrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [366, 378]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rs838133 was replicated in silico in an independent sample from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium ( CHARGE ) Nutrition Working Group ( n = 38 360 ) and attained genome - wide significance in combined analysis ( Pjoint = 7 . 9 x 10 ( - 9 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cytokine involved in cellular metabolism , FGF21 is a potential susceptibility gene for obesity and type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results highlight the potential of genetic variation for determining dietary macronutrient intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of phospholipid composition and phase on nanodisc films at the solid - liquid interface as studied by neutron reflectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanodiscs are disc - like self - assembled structures formed by phospholipids and amphipatic proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proteins wrap like a belt around the hydrophobic part of the lipids , basically producing nanometer - sized patches of lipid bilayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bilayer in the nanodisc constitutes a native - like model of the cell membrane and can act as a nanometer - sized container for functional single membrane proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we present a general nanodisc - based system , intended for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this method , the nanodiscs are aligned at a solid surface , providing the ability to determine the average structure of the film along an axis perpendicular to the interface as measured by neutron reflectivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanodisc film was optimized in terms of nanodisc coverage , reduced film roughness , and stability for time - consuming studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was achieved by a systematic variation of the lipid phase , charge , and length of lipid tails .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we show that , although all studied nanodiscs align with their lipid bilayer parallel to the interface , gel - phase DMPC nanodiscs form the most suitable film for future membrane protein studies since they yield a dense irreversibly adsorbed film with low roughness and high stability over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be explained by the appropriate matching between the thickness of the hydrophobic lipid core of gel phase DMPC and the height of the belt protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , once formed the gel - phase DMPC nanodiscs film can be heated up to melt the lipid bilayer , thus providing a more biologically friendly environment for membrane proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GABA A receptor subunits heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) A receptor is composed of a variety of subunits and combinations and shows a characteristic distribution in the CNS .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , 20 subunits of the GABA A receptor have been cloned : alpha 1 - 6 , beta 1 - 4 , gamma 1 - 3 , delta , pi , epsilon , Theta , and rho 1 - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oocyte of Xenopus laevis is one of the most frequently used heterologous expression systems , which are used to design and analyze specific combinations of GABA A receptor subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In oocytes , a certain GABA A receptor function is studied only by comparing the amplitude of the response to GABA and other drugs by physiological and pharmacological methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the studies on Xenopus laevis oocytes , the alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2S receptor combination is mostly used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alpha 1 - containing receptors mediate sedative and anticonvulsant acts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of studies on oocytes show that PKA , NKCC1 , P2X3 receptors , and GABA A receptor - associated protein , etc . , are existing systems that show different reactivity to the GABA A receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GABA A receptor subunits contain distinct binding sites for BZDs , neurosteroids , general anesthetics , etc . , which are responsible for the numerous functions of the GABA A receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "BZDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "neurosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of other drugs , such as topiramate , TG41 , ( + ) - and ( - ) - borneol , apigenin , and 6 - methylflavone could also have modulatory effects on the GABA A receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "topiramate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "TG41", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "( + ) - and ( - ) - borneol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 82]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "6 - methylflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the different models and hypotheses on GABA A receptor structure and function have been achieved by using the two - electrode voltage clamp method in oocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive natural products from the antarctic and arctic organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polar regions are remote and challenging areas on the earth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of the unique environment and the severe competition in polar regions , it ' s considered that the ecological system might be the producer of new compounds with diversity biological activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review is an attempt to consolidate the studies about 97 natural products isolated from Antarctic and Arctic organisms including microbes , algae , sponges , bryozoans , and tunicates and so on published in the recent years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emphasis is mainly about the new compounds , source organisms and biological activities , which signifies the immense competence of Antarctic and Arctic organisms as bioactive natural products producers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taxol : efficacy against oral squamous cell carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In medicinal chemistry , one of the most studied molecules in recent history is taxol .", "entity": [{"entity": "taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taxol is a versatile natural product that is used in various cancer treatment regimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is administered to patients with breast , lung , and ovarian cancers , and is currently being studied for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and tongue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taxol has been tested in a number of research and clinical phase trials to determine feasibility , toxicity , and cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma as a single drug regimen and as a contributing drug component in treatment plans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reviews over forty articles that examine cell lines , murine models , and human results for the response of taxol against squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) of the oral cavity and the tongue .", "entity": [{"entity": "taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolution of drugs on schistosoma treatment : looking to the past to improve the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schistosomiasis is a devastating worldwide widespread tropical disease that currently affects more than 230 million people , making it an issue of great socioeconomic and public health importance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunatelly there is a single drug for the treatment of all forms of schistosomiasis , praziquantel , which was introduced in therapy in 1980 .", "entity": [{"entity": "praziquantel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The article goes by antimony compounds , emetine , hydantoin , nitrofurans , lucanthone , hycanthone , oxamniquine derivatives and organophosphates until it finally gets to praziquantel derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "emetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "hydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "nitrofurans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "lucanthone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "hycanthone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "oxamniquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "organophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 147]}, {"entity": "praziquantel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intent of this review is to provide a panorama of drugs that were and are being used in human chemotherapy looking to the past to improve rational design drugs in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only clinical used compounds will be shown but also synthesized and tested compounds in vitro and in vivo in animal models which haven ' t yet to be used in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prospects for drug discovery and vaccines to be used in the treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis , clinical trials , concerns about the resistance / decreased effectiveness of the treatment , and patent database will also be discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the review the reader will notice that much has been done but much still needs to be done yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on conducting poly ( 5 - formylindole ) for sensitive detection of Ramos cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( 5 - formylindole )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A signal - on electrochemiluminescence ( ECL ) biosensor devoted to the detection of Ramos cells was fabricated based on a novel conducting polymer , poly ( 5 - formylindole ) ( P5FIn ) , which was synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of 5 - formylindole ( 5FIn ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( 5 - formylindole )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 175]}, {"entity": "P5FIn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 183]}, {"entity": "5 - formylindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 274]}, {"entity": "5FIn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This ECL platform was presented by covalently coupling the 18 - mer amino - substituted oligonucleotide ( ODN ) probes with aldehyde groups that are strongly reactive toward a variety of nucleophiles on the surface of solid substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific identification and high - affinity between aptamers and target cells , gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) enhanced ECL nanoprobes , along with P5FIn induced ECL quenching contributed greatly to the sensitivity and selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "P5FIn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ECL signals were logarithmically linear with the concentration of Ramos cells in a wide determination range from 500 to 1 . 0 x 10 ( 5 ) cells mL ( - 1 ) , and the corresponding detection limit was 300 cells mL ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How the quantum efficiency of a highly emissive binuclear copper complex is enhanced by changing the processing solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymorphism is often linked to the choice of processing solvents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Packing effects or the preference of one certain conformer as possible causes of this phenomenon are strongly dependent on solvents and especially on their polarity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even in amorphous solids , the microstructure can be controlled by the choice of solvents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymorphs or amorphous solids featuring different packing densities can exhibit different properties in terms of stability or optical effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of these effects on a binuclear , strongly luminescent copper ( I ) complex was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many possible applications for luminescent , amorphous coordination compounds , such as organic light - emitting diodes , sensors , and organic lasers , rely on photophysical properties like quantum efficiency to be repeatable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of processing solvents in this context is often underestimated , but very relevant for utilization in device manufacturing and should therefore be understood more deeply .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , theoretical derivations , DFT calculations , X - ray - diffraction , photoluminescence spectroscopy , and the time - dependent single - photon - counting - technique ( TDSPC ) were used to understand this phenomenon more deeply .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of five different solvents on Cu2I2 ( MePyrPHOS ) 3 was probed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu2I2 ( MePyrPHOS ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in a modulation of the photoluminescence quantum yield phi between 0 . 5 and 0 . 9 in amorphous solid state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new polymorph of the material with slightly reduced values for phi has been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced efficiency could be correlated with a higher porosity and a reduced packing density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dense packing reduces nonradiative decay by geometrical fixation and thus increases the quantum efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of similar effects on aluminum and iridium compounds has been confirmed by application of different processing solvents on Alq3 and Ir ( ppy ) 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "iridium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "Alq3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "Ir ( ppy ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that a tuning of the efficiency of a emissive metal complexes by choosing a proper processing solvent is possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If highly efficient materials for practical applications are desired , an evaluation of multiple solvents has to be considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavy - enzyme kinetic isotope effects on proton transfer in alanine racemase .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catalytic effects of perdeuterating the pyridoxal phosphate - dependent enzyme alanine racemase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridoxal phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mass of the heavy perdeuterated form is ~ 5 . 5 % greater than that of the protiated form , causing kinetic isotope effects ( KIEs ) of ~ 1 . 3 on k ( cat ) and k ( cat ) / K ( M ) for both L - and D - alanine .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - and D - alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values increase when C alpha - deuterated alanine is used as the substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "C alpha - deuterated alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heavy - enzyme KIEs of ~ 3 on k ( cat ) / K ( M ) with deuterated substrates are greater than the product of the individual heavy - enzyme and primary substrate KIEs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This breakdown of the rule of the geometric mean is likely due to coupled motion between the protein and the proton - transfer reaction coordinate in the rate - limiting step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data implicate a direct role for protein vibrational motions in barrier crossing for proton - transfer steps in alanine racemase .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene copy - number alterations : a cost - benefit analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in DNA copy number , whether confined to specific genes or affecting whole chromosomes , have been identified as causes of diseases and developmental abnormalities and as sources of adaptive potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we discuss the costs and benefits of DNA copy - number alterations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in DNA copy number are largely detrimental .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amplifications or deletions of specific genes can elicit discrete defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - scale changes in DNA copy number can also cause detrimental phenotypes that are due to the cumulative effects of copy - number alterations of many genes simultaneously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , studies in microorganisms show that DNA copy - number alterations can be beneficial , increasing survival under selective pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As DNA copy - number alterations underlie many human diseases , we will end with a discussion of gene copy - number changes as therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conformational coupling across the plasma membrane in activation of the EGF receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) activates is incompletely understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular portion of the receptor is intrinsically active in solution , and to study its regulation , we measured autophosphorylation as a function of EGFR surface density in cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without EGF , intact EGFR escapes inhibition only at high surface densities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the transmembrane helix and the intracellular module together suffice for constitutive activity even at low densities , the intracellular module is inactivated when tethered on its own to the plasma membrane , and fluorescence cross - correlation shows that it fails to dimerize .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR and functional data indicate that activation requires an N - terminal interaction between the transmembrane helices , which promotes an antiparallel interaction between juxtamembrane segments and release of inhibition by the membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that EGF binding removes steric constraints in the extracellular module , promoting activation through N - terminal association of the transmembrane helices .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LBR and lamin A / C sequentially tether peripheral heterochromatin and inversely regulate differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eukaryotic cells have a layer of heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate mechanisms regulating chromatin distribution , we analyzed heterochromatin organization in different tissues and species , including mice with mutations in the lamin B receptor ( Lbr ) and lamin A ( Lmna ) genes that encode nuclear envelope ( NE ) proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified LBR - and lamin - A / C - dependent mechanisms tethering heterochromatin to the NE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two tethers are sequentially used during cellular differentiation and development : first the LBR - and then the lamin - A / C - dependent tether .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of both LBR and lamin A / C leads to loss of peripheral heterochromatin and an inverted architecture with heterochromatin localizing to the nuclear interior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myoblast transcriptome analyses indicated that selective disruption of the LBR - or lamin - A - dependent heterochromatin tethers have opposite effects on muscle gene expression , either increasing or decreasing , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show how changes in NE composition contribute to regulating heterochromatin positioning , gene expression , and cellular differentiation during development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin D metabolism in human bone marrow stromal ( mesenchymal stem ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many human extra - renal tissues and cells that biosynthesize 1 alpha , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ) by the action of CYP27B1 / 1 alpha - hydroxylase .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 105]}, {"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human marrow stromal cells ( hMSCs ) , also known as mesenchymal stem cells , were isolated from marrow discarded from well - characterized , consented subjects during common orthopedic procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human MSCs can give rise to osteoblasts , chondrocytes , adipocytes , and other lineages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their in vitro differentiation to osteoblasts is stimulated by 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D , and recent evidence indicates that they have the capacity to metabolize vitamin D in a regulated manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 90]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human MSCs express the vitamin D receptor , 25 - hydroxylases , 1 alpha - hydroxylase , and 24 - hydroxylase ; stimulation of in vitro osteoblastogenesis by 25 ( OH ) D depends on the activity of CYP27B1 / 1 alpha - hydroxylase .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding that hMSCs are a both a producer and target of 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D suggests a potential autocrine / paracrine role of vitamin D metabolism in osteoblast differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 86]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression and enzyme activity of CYP27B1 / 1 alpha - hydroxylase are upregulated by substrate 25 ( OH ) D and Parathyroid Hormone ( PTH ) and are downregulated by 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With subject age , there are decreases in basal osteoblast potential and in stimulation of osteoblastogenesis by 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D , 25 ( OH ) D , and PTH .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 140]}, {"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro treatment with a combination of 25 ( OH ) D and PTH rejuvenated osteoblastogenesis with hMSCs from elders ; this was attributable to increases in CYP27B1 / 1 alpha - hydroxylase and in receptor for each hormone by the reciprocal factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other clinical variables beside age , i . e . low serum 25 ( OH ) D or low estimated glomerular filtration rate , are correlated with reduced osteoblastogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that osteoblastogenesis may not be optimal unless there is sufficient serum 25 ( OH ) D substrate for hMSCs to synthesize and respond to local 1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 ( OH ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "1 alpha , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Branched chain amino acids are novel biomarkers for discrimination of metabolic wellness .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To identify novel biomarkers through metabolomic profiles that distinguish metabolically well ( MW ) from metabolically unwell ( MUW ) individuals , independent of body mass index ( BMI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS / METHODS : This study was conducted as part of the Measurement to Understand the Reclassification of Disease of Cabarrus / Kannapolis ( MURDOCK ) project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals from 3 cohorts were classified as lean ( BMI < 25kg / m ( 2 ) ) , overweight ( BMI >= 25kg / m ( 2 ) , BMI < 30kg / m ( 2 ) ) or obese ( BMI >= 30kg / m ( 2 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiometabolic abnormalities were defined as : ( 1 ) impaired fasting glucose ( >= 100mg / dL and <= 126mg / dL ) ; ( 2 ) hypertension ; ( 3 ) triglycerides >= 150mg / dL ; ( 4 ) HDL - C < 40mg / dL in men , < 50mg / dL in women ; and ( 5 ) insulin resistance ( calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment ( HOMA - IR ) index of > 5 . 13 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MW individuals were defined as having < 2 cardiometabolic abnormalities and MUW individuals had >= two cardiometabolic abnormalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted profiling of 55 metabolites used mass - spectroscopy - based methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal components analysis ( PCA ) was used to reduce the large number of correlated metabolites into clusters of fewer uncorrelated factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of 1872 individuals , 410 were lean , 610 were overweight , and 852 were obese .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of lean individuals , 67 % were categorized as MUW , whereas 80 % of overweight and 87 % of obese individuals were MUW .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCA - derived factors with levels that differed the most between MW and MUW groups were factors 4 ( branched chain amino acids [ BCAA ] ) [ p < . 0001 ] , 8 ( various metabolites ) [ p < . 0001 ] , 9 ( C4 / Ci4 , C3 , C5 acylcarnitines ) [ p < . 0001 ] and 10 ( amino acids ) [ p < . 0002 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "C4 / Ci4 , C3 , C5 acylcarnitines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 235]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , Factor 4 , distinguishes MW from MUW individuals independent of BMI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : BCAA and related metabolites are promising biomarkers that may aid in understanding cardiometabolic health independent of BMI category .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical role of a methyl group on the gamma - lactone ring of annonaceous acetogenins in the potent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "gamma - lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "acetogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C34 - epi and C34 - epi - C35 - trifluoro analogues of solamin , a mono - THF annonaceous acetogenin , were synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "C34 - epi - C35 - trifluoro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 41]}, {"entity": "solamin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "mono - THF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "acetogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their inhibitory activity , along with previously synthesized analogues ( C35 - fluoro , C35 - difluoro , and C35 - trifluorosolamins ) , against bovine mitochondrial NADH - ubiquinone oxidoreductase ( complex I ) was determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "C35 - fluoro , C35 - difluoro , and C35 - trifluorosolamins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 133]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "ubiquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study revealed that the methyl group on the gamma - lactone moiety is critical to the potent inhibition of complex I by natural acetogenins .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "gamma - lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "acetogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 9 - oxime ether non - ketolides , and novel binding mode of alkylides with bacterial rRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "9 - oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "ketolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "alkylides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a series of new 9 - oxime ether non - ketolides , including 3 - hydroxyl , 3 - O - acyl and 3 - O - alkyl clarithromycin derivatives , and thiophene - containing ketolides 1b - 1d .", "entity": [{"entity": "9 - oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "ketolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxyl , 3 - O - acyl and 3 - O - alkyl clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 130]}, {"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 158]}, {"entity": "ketolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike previously reported ketolide 1a , none of them is comparable to telithromycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "telithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A molecular modeling study was performed to gain insight into the binding mode of alkylides 17 - 20 with bacterial rRNA and to rationalize the great disparity of their SAR .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 - O - sidechains of 19 and 20 point to the so - called hydrophilic side of the macrolide ring , as seen in clarithromycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "macrolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the 3 - O - sidechains of 17 and 18 bend to the backside , the so - called hydrophobic side of the macrolide ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results clearly indicated the alkylides with improved antibacterial activity might possess a novel binding mode , which is different from clarithromycin and the alkylides with poor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 156]}, {"entity": "alkylides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of GluN2 subunit identity on NMDA receptor function .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - methyl - d - aspartate receptors ( NMDARs ) are ligand - gated ion channels ( ' ionotropic ' receptors ) activated by the major excitatory neurotransmitter , l - glutamate .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "l - glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the term ' the NMDAR ' is often used it obscures the fact that this class of receptor contains within it members whose properties are as different as they are similar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This heterogeneity was evident from early electrophysiological , pharmacological and biochemical assessments of the functional properties of NMDARs and while the molecular basis of this heterogeneity has taken many years to elucidate , it indicated from the outset that the diversity of NMDAR phenotypes could allow this receptor family to subserve a variety of functions in the mammalian central nervous system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we highlight some recent studies that have identified structural elements within GluN2 subunits that contribute to the heterogeneous biophysical properties of NMDARs , consider why some recently described novel pharmacological tools may permit better identification of native NMDAR subtypes , examine the evidence that NMDAR subtypes differentially contribute to the induction of long - term potentiation and long - term depression and discuss how through the use of chimeric proteins additional insights have been obtained that account for NMDAR subtype - dependency of physiological and pathophysiological signalling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' GluR - dep synaptic plasticity ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic induced neuronal apoptosis in guinea pigs is Ca2 + dependent and abrogated by chelation therapy : role of voltage gated calcium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Ca2 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic contaminated drinking water has affected more than 200 million people globally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic arsenicism has also been associated with numerous neurological diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the prime mechanisms postulated for arsenic toxicity is reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) mediated oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we explored the kinetic relationship of ROS with calcium and attempted to dissect the calcium ion channels responsible for calcium imbalance after arsenic exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also explored if mono - or combinational chelation therapy prevents arsenic - induced ( 25ppm in drinking water for 4 months ) neuronal apoptosis in a guinea pig animal model .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that chronic arsenic exposure caused a significant increase in ROS followed by NO and calcium influx .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This calcium influx is mainly dependent on L - type voltage gated channels that disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential , increase bax / bcl2 levels and caspase 3 activity leading to apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , blocking of ROS could completely reduce calcium influx whereas calcium blockage partially reduced ROS increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While in general mono - and combinational chelation therapies were effective in reversing arsenic induced alteration , combinational therapy of DMSA and MiADMSA was most effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "DMSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "MiADMSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide evidence for the role of L - type calcium channels in regulating arsenic - induced calcium influx and DMSA + MiADMSA combinational therapy may be a better protocol than monotherapy in mitigating chronic arsenicosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "DMSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "MiADMSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrodin attenuation of the inflammatory response in H9c2 cardiomyocytes involves inhibition of NF - kappa B and MAPKs activation via the phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenolic glucoside gastrodin , a main constituent of a Chinese traditional herbal medicine , has been known to display several biological and pharmacological properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the role and precise molecular mechanisms explaining how gastrodin suppresses the inflammatory response in septic cardiac dysfunction are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study this , rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with gastrodin and / or lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that gastrodin treatment strongly suppressed nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) and mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) family activation and upregulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , and interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) in LPS - stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneously , gastrodin obviously upregulated the phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI3 - K ) / Akt signaling in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , wortmannin , a specific PI3 - K inhibitor , blocked the inhibitory effects of gastrodin on LPS - stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , PI3 - K / Akt inhibition partially abolished the inhibitory effects of gastrodin on the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B - alpha ( I kappa B - alpha ) , extracellular signal - regulated kinase 1 / 2 ( ERK1 / 2 ) , c - Jun N - terminal protein kinase ( JNK ) , and p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK ) , and activity of NF - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report activation of the PI3 - K / Akt signaling by gastrodin and that inhibition of this pathway reverses the inhibitory effects of gastrodin on NF - kappa B and MAPKs activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "gastrodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalytic - site conformational equilibrium in nerve - agent adducts of acetylcholinesterase : Possible implications for the HI - 6 antidote substrate specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nerve agents such as tabun , cyclosarin and Russian VX inhibit the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) by organophosphorylating the catalytic serine residue .", "entity": [{"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Russian VX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleophiles , such as oximes , are used as antidotes as they can reactivate and restore the function of the inhibited enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxime HI - 6 shows a notably low activity on tabun adducts but can effectively reactivate adducts of cyclosarin and Russian VX .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "Russian VX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the structural basis for the pronounced substrate specificity of HI - 6 , we determined the binary crystal structures of Mus musculus AChE ( mAChE ) conjugated by cyclosarin and Russian VX and found a conformational mobility of the side chains of Phe338 and His447 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 184]}, {"entity": "Russian VX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 199]}, {"entity": "Phe338", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 264]}, {"entity": "His447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction between HI - 6 and tabun - adducts of AChE were subsequently investigated using a combination of time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and X - ray crystallography .", "entity": [{"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings show that HI - 6 binds to tabun inhibited Homo sapiens AChE ( hAChE ) with an IC50 value of 300 mu M and suggest that the reactive nucleophilic moiety of HI - 6 is excluded from the phosphorus atom of tabun .", "entity": [{"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that a conformational mobility of the side - chains of Phe338 and His447 is a common feature in nerve - agent adducts of AChE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phe338", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "His447", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also suggest that the conformational mobility allow HI - 6 to reactivate conjugates of cyclosarin and Russian VX while a reduced mobility in tabun conjugated AChE results in steric hindrance that prevents efficient reactivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "HI - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "cyclosarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Russian VX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "tabun", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocytes display a compensatory survival response against cadmium toxicity by a mechanism mediated by EGFR and Src .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the liver is a cadmium - target organ , hepatocyte response involved in its toxicity is not yet elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A link between this heavy metal treatment and Stat3 signaling pathways was examined in primary mouse hepatocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We provided evidence of a novel link among NADPH oxidase and Stat3 signaling , mediated by Src , EGFR , and Erk1 / 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium activates NADPH oxidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROS produced by this oxidase activates Src , enable that in turn , transactivates EGFR that activates Stat3 in tyrosine , allowing its dimerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , ROS from NADPH oxidase favors ERK1 / 2 activation that phosphorylates Stat3 in serine , resulting in a compensatory or adaptive survival response such as production of metallothionein - II in short Cd exposure times .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , after 12h CdCl2 treatment , cell viability diminished in 50 % , accompanied by a drastic decrease of metallothionein - II production , and an increase in p53 activation and the pro - apoptotic protein Bax .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalpol suppresses advanced glycation end - products - induced inflammatory responses through inhibition of reactive oxygen species in human monocytic THP - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advanced glycation end - products ( AGEs ) play a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications by inducing inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported that the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch . , which have been used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Korean medicine , also have the potential to suppress AGE - mediated inflammatory response in THP - 1 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we isolated catalpol from R . glutinosa , and examined whether it has anti - inflammatory effects on AGE - stimulated THP - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalpol reduced the expression of pro - inflammatory mediates , such as monocyte chemotactic protein - 1 ( MCP - 1 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , inducible NO synthase ( iNOS ) , and receptor for AGE ( RAGE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promoter and electromobility shift assays showed that transcriptional activation of NF - kappa B was significantly reduced by catalpol treatment , while AP - 1 was not .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalpol also suppressed AGE - induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinases , degradation of I kappa B alpha and the nuclear localization of NF - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) elicited by AGE was also suppressed by catalpol treatment , through dual action of reducing ROS itself and inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that catalpol suppresses AGE - mediated inflammation by inhibiting ROS production and NF - kappa B activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that catalpol , a major constituent of the fresh roots of R . glutinosa , contributes to the prevention of AGE - mediated diabetic complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalpol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New insights toward the discovery of antibacterial agents : multi - tasking QSBER model for the simultaneous prediction of anti - tuberculosis activity and toxicological profiles of drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tuberculosis ( TB ) constitutes one of the most dangerous and serious health problems around the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a very lethal disease caused by microorganisms of the genus mycobacterium , principally Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB ) which affects humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A very active field for the search of more efficient anti - TB chemotherapies is the use in silico methodologies for the discovery of potent anti - TB agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The battle against MTB by using antimicrobial chemotherapies will depend on the design of new chemicals with high anti - TB activity and low toxicity as possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multi - target methodologies focused on quantitative - structure activity relationships ( mt - QSAR ) have played a very important role for the rationalization of drug design , providing a better understanding about the molecular patterns related with diverse pharmacological profiles including antimicrobial activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , almost all mt - QSAR models have considered the study of biological activity or toxicity separately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we develop by the first time , a unified multitasking model based on quantitative - structure biological effect relationships ( mtk - QSBER ) for the simultaneous prediction of anti - TB activity and toxicity against Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mtk - QSBER model was created by using linear discriminant analysis ( LDA ) for the classification of compounds as positive ( high biological activity and / or low toxicity ) or negative ( otherwise ) under many experimental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our mtk - QSBER model , correctly classified more than 90 % of the case in the whole database ( more than 12 , 000 cases ) , serving as a powerful tool for the computer - assisted screening of potent and safe anti - TB drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excessive ethanol consumption under exposure to lead intensifies disorders in bone metabolism : A study in a rat model .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was investigated whether ethanol ( Et ) modifies the damaging impact of lead ( Pb ) on bone metabolism in a rat model reflecting excessive alcohol consumption by humans exposed to relatively high levels of this metal .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , markers of bone formation ( osteocalcin , procollagen I , osteoprotegerin , alkaline phosphatase ) and resorption ( telopeptides of collagen I , soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor - kappa B ligand ) , calciotropic hormones ( parathormone , calcitonin , 25 - hydroxyvitamin D and 1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D ) in the serum , and the femur content of mineral ( including calcium - Ca and inorganic phosphorus - Pi ) and organic components were estimated in the rats exposed to 500mg Pb / l ( in drinking water ) or / and Et ( 5g / kg b . wt . / 24h , by oral gavage ) for 12weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "25 - hydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 303]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 335]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [398, 405]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [408, 410]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [425, 435]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [510, 512]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Ca and Pi in the serum and urine , alkaline phosphatase in the bone tissue and Pb in the blood and femur were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exposure to Pb or / and Et decreased bone formation and increased its resorption resulting in the bone demineralization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were accompanied by destroying the hormonal regulation of mineral metabolism , and Ca and Pi imbalance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The co - exposure to Pb and Et - induced disorders in bone metabolism were more advanced than those caused by Pb alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Et co - administration increased Pb concentration in the blood and decreased its accumulation in the bone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper is the first report providing evidence that consumption of Et under exposure to Pb intensifies disorders in bone metabolism and that destroying of the receptor activator nuclear factor - kappa B ( RANK ) / RANK ligand / osteoprotegerin system is involved in the mechanisms of interactive action of these xenobiotics on the skeleton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modifying impact of Et may be an effect of its independent osteotropic action and interaction with Pb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results it can be concluded that alcohol abuse by subjects excessively exposed to Pb considerably increases the risk of bone damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of the zearalenone metabolites alpha - zearalenol and beta - zearalenol on RAW264 . 7 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "alpha - zearalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 94]}, {"entity": "beta - zearalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zearalenone ( ZEN ) and its metabolites are commonly found in many food commodities and are known to cause reproductive disorders and genotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major ZEN metabolites are alpha - zearalenol ( alpha - ZOL ) and beta - zearalenol ( beta - ZOL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "alpha - zearalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "alpha - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "beta - zearalenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "beta - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although many studies have demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of these metabolites , the mechanisms by which alpha - ZOL or beta - ZOL mediates their cytotoxic effects appear to differ according to cell type and the exposed toxins .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "beta - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the toxicity of alpha - ZOL and beta - ZOL on RAW264 . 7 macrophages and investigated the underlying mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "beta - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - ZOL not only more strongly reduced the viability of cells than did alpha - ZOL , but it also induced cell death mainly by apoptosis rather than necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "alpha - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ZEN metabolites induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , mitochondrial changes in Bcl - 2 and Bax proteins , and cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c and apoptosis - inducing factor ( AIF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of an inhibitor specific to c - Jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) , p38 kinase or p53 , but not pan - caspase or caspase - 8 , decreased the toxin - induced generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and also attenuated the alpha - ZOL - or beta - ZOL - induced decrease of cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 41]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 188]}, {"entity": "alpha - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 240]}, {"entity": "beta - ZOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidative enzyme or compounds such as catalase , acteoside , and ( E ) - 1 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenethyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - hydroxystyryl ) urea suppressed the ZEN metabolite - mediated reduction of cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "( E ) - 1 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenethyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - hydroxystyryl ) urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 144]}, {"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , knockdown of AIF via siRNA transfection diminished the ZEN metabolite - induced cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these results suggest that the activation of p53 , JNK or p38 kinase by ZEN metabolites is the main upstream signal required for the mitochondrial alteration of Bcl - 2 / Bax signaling pathways and intracellular ROS generation , while MMP loss and nuclear translocation of AIF are the critical downstream events for ZEN metabolite - mediated apoptosis in macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "ZEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium arsenite induces cyclooxygenase - 2 expression in human uroepithelial cells through MAPK pathway activation and reactive oxygen species induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic can induce reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) leading to oxidative stress and carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bladder is one of the major target organs of arsenic , and cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) may play an important role in arsenic - induced bladder cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism by which arsenic induces COX - 2 in bladder cells remains unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed at investigating arsenic - mediated intracellular redox status and signaling cascades leading to COX - 2 induction in human uroepithelial cells ( SV - HUC - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SV - HUC - 1 cells were exposed to sodium arsenite and COX - 2 expression , mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) phosphorylation , glutathione ( GSH ) levels , ROS induction and Nrf2 expression were quantified .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that arsenite ( 1 - 10 mu M ) elevates COX - 2 expression , GSH levels , ROS and Nrf2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenite treatment for 24h stimulates phosphorylation of ERK and p38 , but not JNK in SV - HUC - 1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of Cox - 2 mRNA levels by arsenite was attenuated by inhibitors of ERK , p38 and JNK .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenite - induced ROS generation and COX - 2 expression were significantly attenuated by treatment with melatonin ( a ROS scavenger ) , but enhanced by DL - buthionine - ( S , R ) - sulfoximine ( BSO , an inhibitor of gamma - glutamylcysteine synthetase ( gamma - GCS ) resulting in lower GSH and increased ROS levels ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "DL - buthionine - ( S , R ) - sulfoximine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 194]}, {"entity": "BSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 200]}, {"entity": "gamma - glutamylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 243]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that arsenite promotes an induction of ROS , which results in an induction of COX - 2 expression through activation of the MAPK pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism interacts with cigarette smoking to increase oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and the risk of male infertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 - Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 ( OGG1 ) plays an important role in repairing oxidative DNA damage induced by chemical agents , such as tobacco .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - Oxoguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the effects of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and cigarette smoking , alone or combined , on sperm oxidative DNA damage and the risk of male infertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 620 idiopathic infertile subjects and 480 fertile controls were recruited in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sperm 8 - hydroxydeoxyguanine ( 8 - OHdG ) was measured by immunofluorescent assay using flow cytometry and genotypes were determined by OpenArray platform with a chip - based Taq - Man genotyping technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - hydroxydeoxyguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 29]}, {"entity": "8 - OHdG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrated that both cigarette smoking and OGG1 polymorphism can affect the sperm 8 - OHdG levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - OHdG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals with variant Cys / Cys homozygote showed higher levels of sperm 8 - OHdG than wide - type homozygote carriers ( Ser / Ser ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "8 - OHdG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stratified analysis found that the association between OGG1 polymorphism and sperm 8 - OHdG levels was only observed among smokers with pack - years >= 5 but not among those subjects with pack - years < 5 ( pack - years = packs smoked per day x years as a smoker ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - OHdG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis based on the case - control study revealed that variant allele ( Cys ) of OGG1 was significantly associated with male infertility risk in a dominant model ( OR = 1 . 35 , 95 % CI : 1 . 01 - 1 . 82 ; trend P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we found a significant gene - environment interaction between OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and cigarette smoking in relation to male infertility risk ( Pinteration = 0 . 0003 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provided the first evidence about potential interactive effects of OGG1 polymorphism and cigarette smoking on male infertility risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lycorine hydrochloride selectively inhibits human ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor neovascularization with very low toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lycorine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and robust neovascularization are prominent features of aggressive ovarian cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although great efforts in anti - ovarian cancer therapy have been made in the past 4 decades , the 5 - year survival rates for ovarian cancer patients are still poor , and effective drugs to cure ovarian cancer patients are absent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the anti - cancer effects of lycorine hydrochloride ( LH ) , a novel anti - ovarian cancer agent , using the highly - invasive ovarian cancer cell line , Hey1B , as a model .", "entity": [{"entity": "lycorine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data showed that LH effectively inhibited mitotic proliferation of Hey1B cells ( half maximal inhibitory concentration = 1 . 2 mu M ) with very low toxicity , resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G2 / M transition through enhanced expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and marked down - regulation of cyclin D3 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , LH suppressed both the formation of capillary - like tubes by Hey1B cells cultured in vitro and the ovarian cancer cell - dominant neovascularization in vivo when administered to Hey1B - xenotransplanted mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LH also suppressed the expression of several key angiogenic genes , including VE - cadherin , vascular endothelial growth factor , and Sema4D , and reduced Akt phosphorylation in Hey1B cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that LH selectively inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and neovascularization and is a potential drug candidate for anti - ovarian cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catechins are not major components responsible for the beneficial effect of Camellia sinensis on the ovarian delta - ALA - D activity inhibited by cadmium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "delta - ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium has been associated with a wide spectrum of deleterious effects on the reproductive tissues , including ovary .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This investigation evaluated the protective role of Camellia sinensis ( green , white and red teas ) in the cadmium - induced inhibition of ovarian delta - aminolevulinate dehydratase ( delta - ALA - D ) activity in vitro and ex vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "delta - aminolevulinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 171]}, {"entity": "delta - ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrated that green and white teas restored the cow ovary delta - ALA - D activity inhibited by cadmium whereas red tea had no effect in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "delta - ALA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , green tea was able to restore enzyme activity inhibited after acute cadmium exposure in mice ovary .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Teas infusions composition was assessed by HPLC in a quantitative assay for catechins , purine alkaloids and gallic acid as well as total polyphenol content .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "purine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 104]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest effect of green tea observed in vitro as well as the protective role presented in the ex vivo study could be attributed to the major content of phenols , but not catechins .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , catechins were not able to restore enzyme activity inhibited by cadmium , demonstrating that these compounds are not major components responsible for the beneficial effect of green tea observed in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrated the helpful effect of green tea infusion in ameliorating a marker protein of cadmium intoxication in ovarian tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Nerolidylcatechol and its synthetic analogues : Antioxidant activity and toxicity evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - Nerolidylcatechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Nerolidylcatechol ( 1 ) is a secondary metabolite of plants and is described as a promising anti - inflammatory , antimalarial , antiulcerogenic , analgesic and cytotoxic compound possibly due to its antioxidant profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - Nerolidylcatechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the pharmacologic activity and the antioxidant and toxicological profiles of compound ( 1 ) and its synthetic analogues ( 2 - 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic analogues were designed from the lead compound , ( 1 ) , using a molecular - simplification strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 5 showed , by 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) and beta - carotene systems , similar antioxidant activity when compared to compound ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 60]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidative stress in erythrocyte membrane demonstrated the highly protective effect of compounds ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) and high antioxidant / pro - oxidant activity in relation to the concentrations of compounds ( 1 ) and ( 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds ( 2 ) , ( 4 ) , ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) were haemobiocompatible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds ( 1 - 6 ) showed cytotoxic effects in 3T3 cells , but compounds ( 2 ) and ( 6 ) were highly cytotoxic in this lineage when compared to compound ( 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound ( 5 ) had a lower myelosuppressive effect in haematopoietic progenitor cells compared to ( 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds , ( 1 ) and ( 5 ) , showed low genotoxic effects in vitro , on human lymphocyte cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , these compounds also showed low - toxicity in vivo as defined a LD50 > 2000 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this assay , we did not observe death in the animals exposed to treatment with ( 1 ) and ( 5 ) compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the structural design of the analogues as validated once compound ( 5 ) was found to have an antioxidant profile that was as potent as the lead compound ( 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , considering the safety profile , these compounds are promising as preventive and / or therapeutic agents against oxidative damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation of a flavonoid , apigenin 7 - O - glucoside , from Mentha longifolia ( L . ) Hudson subspecies longifolia and its genotoxic potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "apigenin 7 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mentha is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family , which is widely used in food , flavor , cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been found that the use of Mentha as a pharmaceutical source is based on its phytochemical constituents that have far been identified as tannins , saponins , phenolic acids and flavonoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of apigenin 7 - O - glucoside ( A7G ) , a flavonoid isolated from Mentha longifolia ( L . ) Hudson subspecies longifolia ( ML ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin 7 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 108]}, {"entity": "A7G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible antimutagenic potential of A7G was examined against mutagens ethyl methanesulfonate and acridine in an eukaryotic cell system Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sodium azide in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and 9 - aminoacridine in S . typhimurium TA1537 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A7G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "ethyl methanesulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 96]}, {"entity": "acridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "sodium azide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "9 - aminoacridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to our findings , any concentrations of the A7G used did not show mutagenic activity but exerted strong antimutagenic activities at tested concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "A7G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition rates for the Ames test ranged from 27 . 2 % ( S . typhimurium TA1535 : 0 . 4 mu M / plate ) to 91 . 1 % ( S . typhimurium TA1537 : 0 . 2 mu M / plate ) and for the yeast deletion assay from 4 % to 57 . 7 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This genotoxicological study suggests that a flavonoid from ML owing to antimutagenic properties is of great pharmacological importance and might be beneficial to industries producing food additives , cosmetics and pharmaceuticals products .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of pesticide exposure on carbonic anhydrase II from sheep stomach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbonic anhydrase ( CA ) is a widely distributed enzyme and has a crucial role in the cells , tissues and organs of living organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that CA - II is one of the most abundant CA isoenzymes in the gastrointestinal system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It plays an important role in the gastric acid secretion in stomach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we purified CA - II isoenzyme from sheep stomach with a 615 . 2 purification fold , 78 % purification yield and 5562 . 02 specific activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the in vitro effects of some commonly used pesticides including chlorpyrifos , cypermethrin , dichlorvos , glyphosate isopropylamine and lambda cyhalomethrin on the enzyme activity were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "glyphosate isopropylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 143]}, {"entity": "lambda cyhalomethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these compounds , glyphosate isopropylamine and dichlorvos showed an inhibition on CA - II esterase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate isopropylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 46]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have IC ( 50 ) values of 0 . 155 micro M and 2 . 690 micro M and K ( i ) values of 0 . 329 micro M and 3 . 654 micro M , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both glyphosate isopropylamine and dichlorvos inhibited CA - II isoenzyme in a noncompetitive manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate isopropylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 30]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trim24 - repressed VL30 retrotransposons regulate gene expression by producing noncoding RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trim24 ( Tif1 alpha ) and Trim33 ( Tif1 gamma ) interact to form a co - repressor complex that suppresses murine hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that Trim24 and Trim33 cooperatively repress retinoic acid receptor - dependent activity of VL30 - class endogenous retroviruses ( ERVs ) in liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Trim24 - knockout hepatocytes , VL30 derepression leads to accumulation of reverse - transcribed VL30 cDNA in the cytoplasm that correlates with activation of the viral - defense interferon responses mimicking the preneoplastic inflammatory state seen in human liver following exogenous viral infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , upon derepression , VL30 long terminal repeats ( LTRs ) act as promoter and enhancer elements deregulating expression of neighboring genes and generating enhancer RNAs that are required for LTR enhancer activity in hepatocytes in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data reinforce the role of the TRIM family of proteins in retroviral restriction and antiviral defense and provide an example of an ERV - derived oncogenic regulatory network .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association between bisphenol A and abnormal free thyroxine level in men .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is a chemical that is used in a variety of consumer products , and exposure to BPA is widespread among the general population .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have suggested that BPA may affect the thyroid and related pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , human studies are still limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BPA exposure and thyroid function .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We obtained survey data and blood samples from The Thai National Health Examination Survey IV 2009 , a nationally representative cross - sectional survey using a multistage , stratified sampling of the Thai population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 2 , 340 subjects aged 18 - 94 years were sampled for the present study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum BPA , TSH , FT ( 4 ) , and related covariates were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPA was log - transformed prior to analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPA was detected in 52 . 8 % of serum samples with a median concentration of 0 . 33 ( range 0 - 66 . 91 ) ng / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We excluded subjects who tested positive for thyroid autoantibody and then stratified the remaining subjects by gender ; the analysis showed a significantly negative correlation between serum BPA and FT ( 4 ) levels in males ( r = - 0 . 14 , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , no association was observed in females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPA was not associated with TSH in either gender .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gender - related discrepancy is possibly related to androgen - related differences in the metabolism of BPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our preliminary results provide evidence of a negative association between BPA and FT ( 4 ) levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional detailed studies are needed to investigate the temporal relationship and potential public health implications of such an association .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetics of type 2 diabetes and potential clinical implications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) is a common complex metabolic disorder that has a strong genetic component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in genome - wide association studies have revolutionized our knowledge regarding the genetics of T2DM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are at least 64 common genetic variants that are strongly associated with T2DM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the pathophysiologic roles of these variants are mostly unknown and require further functional characterization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The variants identified so far have a small effect size and their added effect explains less than 10 % of the T2DM heritability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current ongoing whole exome and whole genome studies of T2DM are focused on identifying functionally important rare variants that have a stronger effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through these efforts , we will have a better understanding of the genetic architecture of T2DM and its pathophysiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential clinical applications of genetic studies of T2DM include risk prediction , identification of novel therapeutic targets , genetic prediction of efficacy and toxicity of anti - diabetic medications , and eventually optimization of patient care through personalized genomic medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope further research in genetics of T2DM could aid patient care and improve outcomes of T2DM patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults : diagnosis and management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with viral infections of the central nervous system ( CNS ) may present with a variety of neurological symptoms , most commonly dominated by either encephalitis or meningitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aetiological panorama varies in different parts of the world as well as over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , virological first - line diagnostics must be adapted to the current epidemiological situation and to the individual patient history , including recent travels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on the diagnostics and treatment of viral CNS infections in the immunocompetent host from a Northern European perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective vaccines are available for viruses such as poliovirus and tick - borne encephalitis virus ( TBEV ) and for the childhood diseases morbilli ( measles ) , rubella ( German measles ) , parotitis ( mumps ) and varicella ( chickenpox ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , cases do appear due to suboptimal immunization rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In viral CNS infections , epidemiological surveillance is essential for establishing preventive strategies and for detecting emerging viruses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of diagnostic methods for specific viral CNS infections is vital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A positive cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF ) polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) finding is usually reliable for aetiological diagnosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The demonstration of intrathecal antibody synthesis is useful for confirming the aetiology in a later stage of disease , hitherto sufficiently evaluated in herpes simplex encephalitis ( HSE ) and tick - borne encephalitis ( TBE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite improved virological and differential diagnostic methods , aetiology remains unknown in about half of the cases with suspected viral encephalitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiviral treatment is available chiefly for infections caused by herpesviruses , and acyclovir ( aciclovir ) is the drug of choice for empirical therapy in suspected viral encephalitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "aciclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , randomized , controlled antiviral trials have only been conducted for HSE , while such studies are lacking in other viral CNS infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viral cytolysis and immune - mediated mechanisms may contribute to varying extents to neurological damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the brain damage is believed to depend , to a varying degree , on the intrathecal host immune response , the use of corticosteroids in viral CNS infections is scarcely studied , as is specific treatment for neuroinflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved antiviral and immunomodulating treatment is desirable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since neurological sequelae are still abundant , follow - up after severe viral CNS disease must include a neuropsychological assessment and an individually adapted rehabilitation plan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sediment - associated pesticides in an urban stream in guangzhou , china : implication of a shift in pesticide use patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pesticide use patterns in China have changed in recent years ; however , the study of the environmental fate of current - use pesticides ( CUPs ) and their ecotoxicological significance in aquatic ecosystems is limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , sediments were collected from an urban stream in the Chinese city of Guangzhou .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sediment - associated legacy organochlorine pesticides and CUPs - including organophosphates , pyrethroids , fipronil , and abamectin - were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "organophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 92]}, {"entity": "pyrethroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "fipronil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "abamectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the relative toxicity of the sediments was evaluated with 10 - d bioassays using Chironomus dilutus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen of 16 sediments collected from the stream were acutely toxic to C . dilutus , with 81 % of the samples causing 100 % mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abamectin , fipronil , and pyrethroids ( mainly cypermethrin ) were identified as the principal contributors to the noted toxicity in the midges , with median predicted toxic units of 1 . 63 , 1 . 63 , and 1 . 03 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Abamectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "fipronil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "pyrethroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sediments taken from downstream sites , where residential and industrial regions were located , had elevated CUP concentrations and sediment toxicity compared with upstream sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is the first of its kind to link sediment CUPs , fipronil , and abamectin concentrations with toxicity in urban streams in China with a focus on shifting pesticide usage patterns .", "entity": [{"entity": "fipronil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "abamectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2013 ; 32 : 1040 - 1047 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(c) 2013 SETAC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic beta - Cell Dysfunction and Risk of New - Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEChronic exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids poses renal transplant recipients ( RTR ) at high risk for development of new - onset diabetes after transplantation ( NODAT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic beta - cell dysfunction may be crucial to the pathophysiology of NODAT and specific markers for beta - cell dysfunction may have additive value for predicting NODAT in this population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we prospectively investigated whether proinsulin , as a marker of pancreatic beta - cell dysfunction , is associated with future development of NODAT and improves prediction of it . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAll RTR between 2001 and 2003 with a functioning graft for >= 1 year were considered eligible for inclusion , except for subjects with diabetes at baseline who were excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recorded incidence of NODAT until April 2012 . RESULTSA total of 487 RTR ( age 50 +/- 12 years , 55 % men ) participated at a median time of 6 . 0 ( interquartile range [ IQR ] , 2 . 6 - 11 . 5 ) years after transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median fasting proinsulin levels were 16 . 6 ( IQR , 11 . 0 - 24 . 2 ) pmol / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During median follow - up for 10 . 1 ( IQR , 9 . 1 - 10 . 4 ) years , 42 ( 35 % ) RTR had development of NODAT in the highest quartile of the distribution of proinsulin versus 34 ( 9 % ) in the lowest three quartiles ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Cox regression analyses , proinsulin ( hazard ratio , 2 . 29 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 85 - 2 . 83 ; P < 0 . 001 ) was strongly associated with NODAT development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was independent of age , sex , calcineurine inhibitors , prednisolone use , components of the metabolic syndrome , or homeostasis model assessment . CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion , fasting proinsulin is strongly associated with NODAT development in RTR .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results highlight the role of beta - cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of NODAT and indicate the potential value of proinsulin for identification of RTR at increased risk for NODAT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycation Gap Is Associated With Macroproteinuria but Not With Other Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEWe investigated whether glycation gap ( G - Gap ) , an index of intracellular glycation of proteins , was associated with diabetes complications . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe measured concomitantly HbA ( 1c ) and fructosamine in 925 patients with type 2 diabetes to calculate the G - Gap , defined as the difference between measured HbA ( 1c ) , and fructosamine - based predicted HbA ( 1c ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 236]}, {"entity": "fructosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were explored for retinopathy , nephropathy , peripheral neuropathy , cardiac autonomic neuropathy ( n = 512 ) , and silent myocardial ischemia ( n = 506 ) . RESULTSMacroproteinuria was the only complication that was associated with G - Gap ( prevalence in the first , second , and third tertile of G - Gap : 2 . 9 , 6 . 2 , and 11 . 0 % , respectively ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G - Gap was higher in patients with macroproteinuria than in those without ( 1 . 06 +/- 1 . 62 vs . 0 . 03 +/- 1 . 30 % ; P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because HbA ( 1c ) was associated with both G - Gap ( HbA ( 1c ) 7 . 0 +/- 1 . 4 , 7 . 9 +/- 1 . 4 , and 10 . 1 +/- 1 . 8 % in the first , second , and third G - Gap tertile , respectively ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and macroproteinuria ( HbA ( 1c ) 8 . 8 +/- 2 . 2 % if macroproteinuria , 8 . 3 +/- 2 . 0 % if none ; P < 0 . 05 ) , and because it could have been a confounder , we matched 54 patients with macroproteinuria and 200 patients without for HbA ( 1c ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because macroproteinuria was associated with lower serum albumin and fructosamine levels , which might account for higher G - Gap , we calculated in this subpopulation albumin - indexed fructosamine and G - Gap ; macroproteinuria was independently associated with male gender ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 3 . 2 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 5 - 6 . 7 ; P < 0 . 01 ) , hypertension ( 2 . 9 ; [ 1 . 1 - 7 . 5 ] ; P < 0 . 05 ) , and the third tertile of albumin - indexed G - Gap ( 2 . 3 ; [ 1 . 1 - 4 . 4 ] ; P < 0 . 05 ) in multivariate analysis . CONCLUSIONIn type 2 diabetic patients , G - Gap was associated with macroproteinuria , independently of HbA ( 1c ) , albumin levels , and confounding factors , suggesting a specific role of intracellular glycation susceptibility on kidney glomerular changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "fructosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the anti - cancer agent upamostat by the mARC enzyme system .", "entity": [{"entity": "upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upamostat ( Mesupron (R) ) is a new small molecule serine protease inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Mesupron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug candidate was developed to inhibit the urokinase - type plasminogen activator ( uPA ) system , which plays a major role in tumor invasion and metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upamostat is currently in clinical development as an anti - metastatic and non - cytotoxic agent against pancreatic and breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upamostat is the orally available amidoxime - ( i . e . hydroxyamidine - ) prodrug of the pharmacologically active form , WX - UK1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "amidoxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "hydroxyamidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "WX - UK1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the reductive enzymatic activation of upamostat to its corresponding amidine WX - UK1 was analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "WX - UK1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recently discovered molybdenum enzyme \" mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component \" ( mARC ) catalyses together with its electron transport proteins cytochrome b ( 5 ) and NADH cytochrome b ( 5 ) reductase the reduction of N - hydroxylated prodrugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "molybdenum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "Amidoxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 181]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro biotransformation assays with porcine subcellular fractions and the reconstituted human enzymes demonstrate an mARC - dependent N - reduction of upamostat .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 138]}, {"entity": "upamostat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclease - resistant DNA via high - density packing in polymeric micellar nanoparticle coronas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we describe a polymeric micellar nanoparticle capable of rendering nucleic acids resistant to nuclease digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach relies on utilizing DNA as the polar headgroup of a DNA - polymer amphiphile in order to assemble well - defined , discrete nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dense packing of DNA in the micelle corona allows for hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides while prohibiting enzymatic degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate the preparation , purification , and characterization of the nanoparticles , then describe their resistance to treatment with endo - and exonucleases including snake - venom phosphodiesterase ( SVP ) , a common , general DNA digestion enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diversification in a biodiversity hot spot : landscape correlates of phylogeographic patterns in the African spotted reed frog .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot is known for microendemism and exceptional population genetic structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region ' s landscape heterogeneity is thought to limit gene flow between fragmented populations and create opportunities for regional adaptation , but the processes involved are poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a combination of phylogeographic analyses and circuit theory , I investigate how characteristics of landscape heterogeneity including regional distributions of slope , rivers and streams , habitat and hydrological basins ( drainages ) impact genetic distance among populations of the endemic spotted reed frog ( Hyperolius substriatus ) , identifying corridors of connectivity as well as barriers to dispersal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show that genetic distance among populations is most strongly correlated to regional and local hydrologic structure and the distribution of suitable habitat corridors , not isolation by distance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to expectations , phylogeographic structure is not coincident with the two montane systems , but instead corresponds to the split between the region ' s two major hydrological basins ( Zambezi and East Central Coastal ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in a paraphyletic relationship for the Malawian Highlands populations with respect to the Eastern Arc Mountains and implies that the northern Malawian Highlands are the diversity centre for H . substriatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Malawian Highlands collectively hold the greatest genetic diversity , individual populations have lower diversity than their Eastern Arc counterparts , with an overall pattern of decreasing population diversity from north to south .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through the study of intraspecific differentiation across a mosaic of ecosystem and geographic heterogeneity , we gain insight into the processes of diversification and a broader understanding of the role of landscape in evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multifunctional conducting fibres with electrically controlled release of ciprofloxacin .", "entity": [{"entity": "ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hereby present a new method of producing coaxial conducting polymer fibres loaded with an antibiotic drug that can then be subsequently released ( or sustained ) in response to electrical stimulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method involves wet - spinning of poly ( 3 , 4 - ethylenedioxythiophene ) poly ( styrenesulfonate ) ( PEDOT : PSS ) fibre , which served as the inner core to the electropolymerised outer shell layer of polypyrrole ( Ppy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( 3 , 4 - ethylenedioxythiophene )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 77]}, {"entity": "poly ( styrenesulfonate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 103]}, {"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "polypyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "Ppy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ( Cipro ) was selected as the model drug and as the dopant in the Ppy synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "Cipro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Ppy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release of Cipro in phosphate buffered saline ( PBS ) from the fibres was controlled by switching the redox state of Ppy . Cipro layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cipro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Ppy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "Cipro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Released Cipro under passive and stimulated conditions were tested against Gram positive ( Streptococcus pyogenes ) and Gram negative ( Escherichia coli ) bacteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cipro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant inhibition of bacterial growth was observed against both strains tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results confirm that Cipro retains antibacterial properties during fibre fabrication and electrochemically controlled release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cipro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cytotoxicity testing utilising the neural B35 cell line confirmed the cytocompatibility of the drug loaded conducting fibres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrical conductivity , cytocompatibility and tuning release profile from this flexible fibre can lead to promising bionic applications such as neuroprosthetics and localised drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA delivery with hyperbranched polylysine : A comparative study with linear and dendritic polylysine .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEI and polylysine are among the most investigated synthetic polymeric carriers for DNA delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from their practical use , these 2 classes of polymers are also of interest from a fundamental point of view as they both can be prepared in different architectures ( linear and branched / dendritic ) and in a wide range of molecular weights , which is attractive to establish basic structure - activity relationships .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This manuscript reports the results of an extensive study on the influence of molecular weight and architecture of a library of polylysine variants that includes linear , dendritic and hyperbranched polylysine .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperbranched polylysine is a new polylysine - based carrier that is structurally related to dendritic polylysine but possesses a randomly branched structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperbranched polylysine is attractive as it can be prepared in a one - step process on a large scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance of these 3 classes of polylysine analogs was evaluated by assessing eGFP and IgG production in transient gene expression experiments with CHO DG44 cells , which revealed that protein production generally increased with increasing molecular weight and that at comparable molecular weight , the hyperbranched analogs were superior as compared to the dendritic and linear polylysines .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "polylysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [385, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the differences between the gene delivery properties of the hyperbranched polylysine analogs on the one hand and the dendritic and linear polylysines on the other hand , the uptake and trafficking of the corresponding polyplexes were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "polylysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These experiments allowed us to identify ( i ) polyplex - external cell membrane binding , ( ii ) free , unbound polylysine coexisting with polyplexes as well as ( iii ) polymer buffer capacity as three possible factors that may contribute to the superior transfection properties of the hyperbranched polylysines as compared to their linear and dendritic analogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "polylysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , the results of this study indicate that hyperbranched polylysine is an interesting , alternative synthetic gene carrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperbranched polylysine can be produced at low costs and in large quantities , is partially biodegradable , which may help to prevent cumulative cytotoxicity , and possesses transfection properties that can approach those of PEI .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increase inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that remains the leading cause of death in the United States .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous risk factors for endothelial cell inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis have been identified , including inhalation of ultrafine particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , engineered nanoparticles ( NPs ) such as titanium ( TiO2 ) NPs have attracted much attention due to their wide range of applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are also great concerns surrounding potential adverse health effects in vascular systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although TiO2 NPs are known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation , the associated signaling pathways have not been well studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The focus of this work , therefore , deals with examination of the cellular signaling pathways responsible for TiO2 NP - induced endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , primary vascular endothelial cells were treated with TiO2 NPs for 2 - 16h at concentrations of 0 - 50 mu g / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TiO2 NP exposure increased cellular oxidative stress and DNA binding of NF - kappa B .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , phosphorylation of Akt , ERK , JNK and p38 was increased in cells exposed to TiO2 NPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TiO2 NPs also significantly increased induction of mRNA and protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 ( VCAM - 1 ) and mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 ( MCP - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with inhibitors for NF - kappa B ( pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ) , oxidative stress ( epigallocatechin gallate and apocynin ) , Akt ( LY294002 ) , ERK ( PD98059 ) , JNK ( SP600125 ) and p38 ( SB203580 ) significantly attenuated TiO2 NP - induced MCP - 1 and VCAM - 1 gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 75]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 123]}, {"entity": "apocynin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "LY294002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "PD98059", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "SP600125", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "SB203580", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 213]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that TiO2 NPs can induce endothelial inflammatory responses via redox - sensitive cellular signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cinnamic acid derivatives as inhibitors for chorismatases and isochorismatases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chorismatases and isochorismatases catalyse the hydrolysis of chorismate or isochorismate leading to unsaturated cyclohexenoic acid derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "chorismate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "isochorismate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "unsaturated cyclohexenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on simplification of the physiological substrates , two cinnamic acid - derived compounds , differing in the saturation of the side chain , were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cinnamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to earlier inhibitor studies , the compounds described here do not have an ether bond and therefore can be synthesised very easily in one or two steps without the need for protective groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both substances demonstrate inhibition of the isochorismatase EntB from Escherichia coli and the chorismatases FkbO and Hyg5 from Streptomyces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For chorismatases , the unsaturated compound shows IC ( 50 ) values in the millimolar range , while the saturated compound is the better inhibitor with IC ( 50 ) values in the micromolar / low millimolar range ; for the isochorismatase tested both compounds inhibit in the micromolar range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , an analysis of the apparent K ( m ) values for FkbO and EntB was performed , showing that both inhibitors act in a competitive manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the ease of modifying these new inhibitors they are a suitable starting point for exploring further functionalised derivatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon monoxide protects against ovariectomy - induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon monoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbon monoxide ( CO ) has been shown to have remarkable therapeutic value at low dosage by suppressing inflammation via inhibitory effects on macrophages , which are also precursors of osteoclasts ( OC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon monoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to determine whether CO limits bone loss through its effects on osteoclastogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraperitoneal injection of CO - releasing molecule 2 ( CORM2 ) into mice with reduced bone mass due to ovariectomy ( OVX ) resulted in significantly elevated bone mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased serum levels of collagen - type I fragments , tartrate - resistant acid phosphatase 5b , and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) due to OVX were also decreased when treated with CORM2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tartrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , CORM2 inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor - kappa B ligand ( RANKL ) - induced OC formation without affecting bone resorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CORM2 reduced long - lasting ROS levels and nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) activation in response to RANKL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of NADPH oxidase partially reduced the inhibitory effect of CO .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CO induced increase of peroxiredoxin 1 ( PRX1 ) in BMM .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down - regulation of PRX1 reduced the inhibitory effect of CO on OC formation and sustained the ROS levels induced by RANKL , suggesting that CO reduces generation of ROS and scavenges ROS to inhibit osteoclastogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of CO on osteoclastogenesis is caused by impaired RANKL signaling through defective NF - kappa B activation and reduced levels of long - lasting ROS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes result in decreased bone loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data highlight the potential utility of CO for ameliorating bone loss induced by loss of ovarian function .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rescue of hearing and vestibular function by antisense oligonucleotides in a mouse model of human deafness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder , with congenital hearing impairment present in approximately 1 in 1 , 000 newborns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary deafness is often mediated by the improper development or degeneration of cochlear hair cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until now , it was not known whether such congenital failures could be mitigated by therapeutic intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that hearing and vestibular function can be rescued in a mouse model of human hereditary deafness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An antisense oligonucleotide ( ASO ) was used to correct defective pre - mRNA splicing of transcripts from the USH1C gene with the c . 216G > A mutation , which causes human Usher syndrome , the leading genetic cause of combined deafness and blindness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of neonatal mice with a single systemic dose of ASO partially corrects Ush1c c . 216G > A splicing , increases protein expression , improves stereocilia organization in the cochlea , and rescues cochlear hair cells , vestibular function and low - frequency hearing in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were sustained for several months , providing evidence that congenital deafness can be effectively overcome by treatment early in development to correct gene expression and demonstrating the therapeutic potential of ASOs in the treatment of deafness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formation of polymersomes with double bilayers templated by quadruple emulsions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymersomes , vesicles composed of bilayer membranes of amphiphilic block - copolymers , are promising delivery vehicles for long - term storage and controlled release of bioactives ; enhanced stability of the membrane makes polymersomes potentially useful in a wide range of biological delivery applications by comparison with liposomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , unilamellar structure is intrinsically fragile when subjected to external stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report a microfluidic approach to produce polymersomes with double bilayers , providing higher stability and lower permeability than unilamellar polymersomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To achieve this , we developed a new design of a capillary microfluidic device to produce quadruple - emulsion drops which serve as a template for the polymersomes - in - polymersomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When two bilayers are attracted by depletion in polymersomes - in - polymersomes , the inner polymersomes protrude and bud , forming double bilayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We confirm these structures are indeed double bilayers using microaspiration and selective doping of the leaflets with nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resultant polymersomes have great potential as highly stable and biocompatible microcarriers for robust encapsulation and storage of bioactives such as drugs , cosmetics and nutrients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kocurin , the true structure of PM181104 , an anti - methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) thiazolyl peptide from the marine - derived bacterium Kocuria palustris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kocurin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "PM181104", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "thiazolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new thiazolyl peptide , kocurin ( 1 ) , was isolated from culture broths of a marine - derived Kocuria palustris .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "kocurin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its structural elucidation was accomplished using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods , including HRMS , extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis , MS / MS fragmentation , and chemical degradation and Marfey ' s analysis of the resulting amino acid residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure herein reported corrects that previously assigned to PM181104 ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PM181104", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kocurin displayed activity against methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) , with MIC values in the submicromolar range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kocurin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anisole hydrolysis in high temperature water .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the hydrolysis of anisole to phenol in high - temperature water with and without water - tolerant Lewis acid catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Lewis acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With no catalyst present , anisole hydrolyzes to phenol in 97 % yield after 24 hours at 365 degrees C , our experimentally determined optimal temperature and time .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments with varied water density and analysis of comparable literature data suggest that anisole hydrolysis is almost third order in water , when the S ( N ) 2 mechanism dominates .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the water - tolerant Lewis acid catalysts studied , In ( OTf ) ( 3 ) offered the best phenol yield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lewis acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "In ( OTf ) ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anisole hydrolysis was first order in catalyst and first order in substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introducing In ( OTf ) ( 3 ) catalysis lowered the activation energy for anisole hydrolysis to 31 +/- 1 kcal mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "In ( OTf ) ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anisole hydrolysis in high - temperature water with In ( OTf ) ( 3 ) catalysis is competitive with other techniques in the literature based on rate and yield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "In ( OTf ) ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of 5 mol % In ( OTf ) ( 3 ) catalyst , anisole hydrolyzes to phenol in 97 % yield after 90 minutes at 300 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "In ( OTf ) ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "anisole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of MCD spectroscopy and TD - DFT to endohedral metallofullerenes for characterization of their electronic transitions .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallofullerenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe , for the first time , the application of magnetic circular dichroism ( MCD ) spectroscopy and time - dependent density functional theory ( TD - DFT ) calculations using B3LYP and M06 - 2X functionals to characterize the electronic transitions of endohedral metallofullerenes ( EMFs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results revealed that the electronic transitions of La @ C ( 2v ) - C ( 82 ) , La ( 2 ) @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) , and Sc ( 3 ) N @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) can be assigned using these techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "La", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "C ( 82 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "La ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "Sc ( 3 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , a difference in the electronic transitions between La ( 2 ) @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) and Sc ( 3 ) N @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) , which is invisible in absorption spectra , was observed clearly in MCD spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "Sc ( 3 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed MCD bands agree well with the oscillator strengths calculated using the B3LYP functional .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the MCD bands of La ( 2 ) @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) were altered upon [ 5 , 6 ] - addition , demonstrating that the MCD spectroscopy is sensitive to chemical functionalization of EMFs , and that it is therefore powerful to distinguish [ 5 , 6 ] - adducts from pristine La ( 2 ) @ I ( h ) - C ( 80 ) , although no marked difference exists in their absorption spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "La ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "La ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 286]}, {"entity": "C ( 80 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Properties and mechanisms of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial peptides are a vital component of the innate immune system of all eukaryotic organisms and many of these peptides have potent antifungal activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They have potential application in the control of fungal pathogens that are a serious threat to both human health and food security .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of antifungal peptides as therapeutics requires an understanding of their mechanism of action on fungal cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , most research on antimicrobial peptides has focused on their activity against bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several antimicrobial peptides specifically target fungal cells and are not active against bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others with broader specificity often have different mechanisms of action against bacteria and fungi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on the mechanism of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides from a diverse range of sources including plants , mammals , amphibians , insects , crabs , spiders , and fungi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While antimicrobial peptides were originally proposed to act via membrane permeabilization , the mechanism of antifungal activity for these peptides is generally more complex and often involves entry of the peptide into the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bayesian methods for pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic modeling of pazopanib - induced increases in blood pressure and transaminases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pazopanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationships between plasma pazopanib concentrations and the probability of elevations in blood pressure , a marker of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition , and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) were investigated with logistic regression models .", "entity": [{"entity": "pazopanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from a Phase I dose - escalation study in cancer patients ( n = 57 ) were examined to determine the relationship between steady - state trough plasma pazopanib concentrations ( C tau ) and a clinically significant blood pressure increase , using a Bayesian logistic regression model .", "entity": [{"entity": "pazopanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from 5 monotherapy studies in cancer patients ( n = 344 ) were pooled to investigate the relationship between C tau and maximum ALT >= 3 x the upper limit of normal ( ULN ) , using a Bayesian logistic regression model incorporating an asymptote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both models were fit using WinBUGS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median ( 95 % credible interval , CrI ) C tau at which the probability of a clinically significant increase in blood pressure was 50 % ( EC50 ) was 12 . 3 mu g / mL ( 6 . 12 , 18 . 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median ( 95 % CrI ) EC50 for the maximum probability of ALT >= 3 x ULN was 15 . 4 mu g / mL ( 3 . 8 , 41 . 2 ) and the median ( 95 % CrI ) maximum probability of ALT >= 3 x ULN was 21 % ( 14 . 5 , 43 . 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results suggest that dose adjustments could be useful in managing the potential for hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clopidogrel , CYP2C19 , and a Black Box .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been presumed that CYP2C19 has a major role in the metabolism of clopidogrel .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This presumption has been based on in vitro drug metabolism studies using microsomes from baculovirus infected insect cells ( BD - Supersomes (TM) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If clopidogrel were primarily a CYP2C19 substrate , a drug / drug interaction with CYP2C19 inhibitors , such as proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) , for example , omeprazole and lansoprazole would be anticipated .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "omeprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}, {"entity": "lansoprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several ex vivo studies , using ADP stimulated platelet aggregation , suggested that there was such an interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data from these studies served as a basis for FDA to provide a \" Black Box \" warning for the clopidogrel label in March of 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a prospective clinical study , COGENT , and several large meta - analyses have failed to demonstrate a negative effect on major adverse cardiovascular events ( MACE ) , with concomitant administration of clopidogrel and PPIs .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro work using \" Supersomes \" was revisited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro metabolism using hepatosomes , which resemble the native cytochrome P - 450 enzyme expression , has confirmed the earlier work that clopidogrel is primarily a CYP3A substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result correlates better with clinical findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of an increase in MACE by concomitant administration of PPIs , which are CYP2C19 inhibitors , to a regimen including clopidogrel , is therefore not surprising .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hypothesis is offered to explain why subjects , who carry two reduced function alleles of CYP2C19 , may have more reactive platelets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decision - analysis tool for benefit - risk assessment of nonprescription drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decision analysis tool is proposed for regulatory assessment of nonprescription drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tool is based on evaluation of each of the drug ' s potential benefit and risk attributes identified using a value - tree framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision tool is designed as two - factor , two - stage instrument .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each attribute is independently assessed based on both the frequency of occurrence and clinical impact of the attribute .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency and clinical impact are scored on a 0 - 3 scale where a 0 score means no occurrence or no clinical impact , and a 3 means high frequency of occurrence or high clinical impact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tool is initially used early in drug development to facilitate communication amongst stakeholders and to identify important data gaps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After new data are generated during the development program the tool is used again across the same attributes to yield a final benefit - risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both the early assessment and subsequent evaluation use of the Group - Delphi technique and a benefit - risk trade - off heuristic may yield more consistent and coherent outputs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tool allows regulators to maintain flexibility with respect to how final decisions are made , yet allows specificity and transparency during the evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further modifications can be incorporated to address drug - specific requirements or regulatory preferences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultralow reflection from a - Si nanograss / Si nanofrustum double layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A double - layer nanostructure comprising amorphous Si nanograss on top of Si nanofrustums ( NFs ) with a total height of 680 nm exhibits ultralow reflection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost near - unity absorption and near - zero reflectance result in this layered nanostructure , over a broad range of wavelengths and a wide range of angles of incidence , due to the low packing density of a - Si and the smooth transition of the refractive index from the air to the Si substrate across both the nanograss and NF layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 214]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high - confidence interaction map identifies SIRT1 as a mediator of acetylation of USP22 and the SAGA coactivator complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although many functions and targets have been attributed to the histone and protein deacetylase SIRT1 , a comprehensive analysis of SIRT1 binding proteins yielding a high - confidence interaction map has not been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a comparative statistical analysis of binding partners , we have assembled a high - confidence SIRT1 interactome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Employing this method , we identified the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin - specific protease 22 ( USP22 ) , a component of the deubiquitinating module ( DUBm ) of the SAGA transcriptional coactivating complex , as a SIRT1 - interacting partner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that this interaction is highly specific , requires the ZnF - UBP domain of USP22 , and is disrupted by the inactivating H363Y mutation within SIRT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we show that USP22 is acetylated on multiple lysine residues and that alteration of a single lysine ( K129 ) within the ZnF - UBP domain is sufficient to alter interaction of the DUBm with the core SAGA complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "ZnF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , USP22 - mediated recruitment of SIRT1 activity promotes the deacetylation of individual SAGA complex components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate an important role of SIRT1 - mediated deacetylation in regulating the formation of DUBm subcomplexes within the larger SAGA complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian myosin - 18A , a highly divergent myosin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mus musculus myosin - 18A gene is expressed as two alternatively spliced isoforms , alpha and beta , with reported roles in Golgi localization , in maintenance of cytoskeleton , and as receptors for immunological surfactant proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both myosin - 18A isoforms feature a myosin motor domain , a single predicted IQ motif , and a long coiled - coil reminiscent of myosin - 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myosin - 18A alpha isoform , additionally , has an N - terminal PDZ domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant heavy meromyosin - and subfragment - 1 ( S1 ) - like constructs for both myosin - 18A alpha and - 18 beta species were purified from the baculovirus / Sf9 cell expression system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These constructs bound both essential and regulatory light chains , indicating an additional noncanonical light chain binding site in the neck .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myosin - 18A alpha - S1 and - 18A beta - S1 molecules bound actin weakly with Kd values of 4 . 9 and 54 mu m , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actin binding data could be modeled by assuming an equilibrium between two myosin conformations , a competent and an incompetent form to bind actin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actin binding was unchanged by presence of nucleotide .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both myosin - 18A isoforms bound N - methylanthraniloyl - nucleotides , but the rate of ATP hydrolysis was very slow ( < 0 . 002 s ( - 1 ) ) and not significantly enhanced by actin .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methylanthraniloyl - nucleotides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 69]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain had no effect on ATP hydrolysis , and neither did the addition of tropomyosin or of GOLPH3 , a myosin - 18A binding partner .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopy of myosin - 18A - S1 showed that the lever is strongly angled with respect to the long axis of the motor domain , suggesting a pre - power stroke conformation regardless of the presence of ATP .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data lead us to conclude that myosin - 18A does not operate as a traditional molecular motor in cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supervillin - mediated suppression of p53 protein enhances cell survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrin - based adhesions promote cell survival as well as cell motility and invasion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that the adhesion regulatory protein supervillin increases cell survival by decreasing levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and downstream target genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNAi - mediated knockdown of a new splice form of supervillin ( isoform 4 ) or both isoforms 1 and 4 increases the amount of p53 and cell death , whereas p53 levels decrease after overexpression of either supervillin isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular responses to DNA damage induced by etoposide or doxorubicin include down - regulation of endogenous supervillin coincident with increases in p53 .", "entity": [{"entity": "etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In DNA - damaged supervillin knockdown cells , p53 knockdown or inhibition partially rescues the loss of cell metabolic activity , a measure of cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knockdown of the p53 deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 / HAUSP also reverses the supervillin phenotype , blocking the increase in p53 levels seen after supervillin knockdown and accentuating the decrease in p53 levels triggered by supervillin overexpression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , supervillin overexpression decreases the association of USP7 and p53 and attenuates USP7 - mediated p53 deubiquitination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "USP7 binds directly to the supervillin N terminus and can deubiquitinate and stabilize supervillin .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supervillin also is stabilized by derivatization with the ubiquitin - like protein SUMO1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that supervillin regulates cell survival through control of p53 levels and suggest that supervillin and its interaction partners at sites of cell - substrate adhesion constitute a locus for cross - talk between survival signaling and cell motility pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menopause , estrogens and frailty .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract The controversy surrounding the results from the Women ' s Health Initiative ( WHI ) trials published a decade ago caused a significant decline in the use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these results have been vehemently contested and several lines of evidence suggest that in perimenopausal and non - obese women , estrogen therapy may indeed be of benefit .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is ample proof that menopause causes a loss of musculoskeletal tissue mass and quality , thereby causing a loss of health and quality of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also solid evidence that hormone replacement therapy in itself prevents most of these effects in connective tissue in it self .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the independent , direct effects on the musculoskeletal tissues , estrogen deficiency also reduces the ability to adequately respond and adapt to external mechanical and metabolic stressors , e . g . exercise , which are otherwise the main stimuli that should maintain musculoskeletal integrity and metabolic function .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , normophysiological estrogen levels appear to exert a permissive effect on musculoskeletal adaptations to loading , thereby likely improving the outcome of rehabilitation following critical illness , musculoskeletal trauma or orthopedic surgical therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects add to the evidence supporting the use of estrogen therapy , particularly accelerated gain of functional capacity and independence following musculoskeletal disuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation of a mixed valence diiron hydride : evidence for a spectator hydride in hydrogen evolution catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diiron hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mixed - valence diiron hydrido complex ( mu - H ) Fe2 ( pdt ) ( CO ) 2 ( dppv ) 2 ( [ H1 ] ( 0 ) , where pdt = 1 , 3 - propanedithiolate and dppv = cis - 1 , 2 - C2H2 ( PPh2 ) 2 ) , was generated by reduction of the differous hydride [ H1 ] ( + ) using decamethylcobaltocene .", "entity": [{"entity": "diiron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "hydrido", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "( mu - H ) Fe2 ( pdt ) ( CO ) 2 ( dppv ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 85]}, {"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "pdt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - propanedithiolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 140]}, {"entity": "dppv", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "cis - 1 , 2 - C2H2 ( PPh2 ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 181]}, {"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "[ H1 ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 250]}, {"entity": "decamethylcobaltocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystallographic analysis shows that [ H1 ] ( 0 ) retains the stereochemistry of its precursor , where one dppv ligand spans two basal sites and the other spans apical and basal positions .", "entity": [{"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "dppv", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Fe - - - Fe bond elongates to 2 . 80 from 2 . 66 A , but the Fe - P bonds only change subtly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe - - - Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "Fe - P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the Fe - H distances are indistinguishable in the precursor , they differ by 0 . 2 A in [ H1 ] ( 0 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The X - band electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) spectrum reveals the presence of two stereoisomers , the one characterized crystallographically and a contribution of about 10 % from a second symmetrical ( sym ) isomer wherein both dppv ligands occupy apical - basal sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "dppv", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unsymmetrical ( unsym ) arrangement of the dppv ligands is reflected in the values of A ( ( 31 ) P ) , which range from 31 MHz for the basal phosphines to 284 MHz for the apical phosphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "dppv", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "( 31 ) P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "phosphines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}, {"entity": "phosphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Density functional theory calculations were employed to rationalize the electronic structure of [ H1 ] ( 0 ) and to facilitate spectral simulation and assignment of EPR parameters including ( 1 ) H and ( 31 ) P hyperfine couplings .", "entity": [{"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 197]}, {"entity": "( 31 ) P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EPR spectra of [ H1 ] ( 0 ) and [ D1 ] ( 0 ) demonstrate that the singly occupied molecular orbital is primarily localized on the Fe center with the longer bond to H , that is , Fe ( II ) - H . . . Fe ( I ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 169]}, {"entity": "Fe ( II ) - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "Fe ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coupling to the hydride is A ( ( 1 ) H ) = 55 and 74 MHz for unsym - amd sym - [ H1 ] ( 0 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of [ H1 ] ( 0 ) with H ( + ) gives 0 . 5 equiv of H2 and [ H1 ] ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "H1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "[ H1 ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of D ( + ) affords D2 , leaving the hydride ligand intact .", "entity": [{"entity": "D ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "D2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These experiments demonstrate that the bridging hydride ligand in this complex is a spectator in the hydrogen evolution reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Femtosecond Dynamics of Excitons and Hole - Polarons in Composite P3HT / PCBM Nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "P3HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dynamics of charge separation in aqueous suspensions of regioregular P3HT nanoparticles containing PCBM were investigated for the first time using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "P3HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This investigation is supported by the recently reported use of regioregular P3HT / PCBM nanoparticles as charge trapping and storage devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "P3HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the presence of excited - state and charge - separated species , including singlet excitons , polymer polarons and free charges , generated in rr - P3HT / PCBM nanoparticles was identified through visible pump and visible / near - infrared probe femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy at a range of electron acceptor concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "P3HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease of the singlet exciton lifetime by charge transfer to PCBM is well described by a one - dimensional diffusion model with a P3HT domain size of approximately 5 nm for 5 - 50 wt % PCBM .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "P3HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model also indicates that bimolecular recombination is the dominant charge recombination mechanism at 20 wt % PCBM and above .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface behavior of malonic acid adsorption at the air / water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "malonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of organic materials adsorbed to the surfaces of aerosol particles has been demonstrated to be a determining factor in relevant atmospheric processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malonic acid is a small , water - soluble organic acid that is common in aerosols and is surface - active .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comprehensive investigation of the adsorption of malonic acid to the air / water interface was accomplished using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy ( VSFS ) and surface tension measurements as functions of concentration and pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "malonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malonic acid was found to be weakly solvated at the air / water interface , and its orientation as a function of concentration was explored through different VSFS polarization schemes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH - dependent experiments revealed that the surface - active species is the fully protonated species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational analyses were used to obtain depth - specific geometries of malonic acid at the air / water interface that confirm and enrich the experimental results .", "entity": [{"entity": "malonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of quantitative structure - metabolism ( QSMR ) relationships for substituted anilines based on computational chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "anilines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel stepwise classification approach for predicting the metabolic fate of substituted anilines , based on calculated physicochemical parameters of the parent anilines , was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "anilines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "anilines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on multivariate pattern recognition methods ( PLS - DA or soft independent modelling of class analogy [ SIMCA ] ) , these models allowed prediction of N - acetylation and subsequent N - oxanilic acid formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 158]}, {"entity": "N - oxanilic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These classification methods provided an improved classification success when compared with existing quantitative structure - metabolism relationship models for substituted anilines .", "entity": [{"entity": "anilines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modelling the physicochemical properties of the N - acetylated compounds was considered as an addition to the stepwise model .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of parameters describing the N - acetyl moiety had little effect on the predictive ability of a stepwise parent to N - acetyl to N - oxanilic acid PLS - DA model , and had a negative impact on that of SIMCA models .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "N - oxanilic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was attributed to the relatively small contribution to the total parameter variance caused by differences arising as a result of N - acetylation compared to the contribution made by the substituent effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of physicochemical properties incorporating the effect of solvation using ab initio methods improved the classification model in terms of both the visual separation in multivariate projections and prediction accuracy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency - multiplication high - output triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainably powering biomedical microsystems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An attractive method to response the current energy crisis and produce sustainable nonpolluting power source is harvesting energy from our living environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the energy in our living environment always exists in low - frequency form , which is very difficult to be utilized directly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we demonstrated a novel sandwich - shape triboelectric nanogenerator to convert low - frequency mechanical energy to electric energy with double frequency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An aluminum film was placed between two polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS ) membranes to realize frequency multiplication by twice contact electrifications within one cycle of external force .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "polydimethylsiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The working mechanism was studied by finite element simulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the well - designed micro / nano dual - scale structures ( i . e . , pyramids and V - shape grooves ) fabricated atop PDMS surface was employed to enhance the device performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The output peak voltage , current density , and energy volume density achieved 465 V , 13 . 4 mu A / cm ( 2 ) , and 53 . 4 mW / cm ( 3 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel nanogenerator was systematically investigated and also demonstrated as a reliable power source , which can be directly used to not only lighten five commercial light - emitting diodes ( LEDs ) but also drive an implantable 3 - D microelectrode array for neural prosthesis without any energy storage unit or rectification circuit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first demonstration of the nanogenerator for directly driving biomedical microsystems , which extends the application fields of the nanogenerator and drives it closer to practical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The salicylate 1 , 2 - dioxygenase as a model for a conventional gentisate 1 , 2 - dioxygenase : crystal structures of the G106A mutant and its adducts with gentisate and salicylate .", "entity": [{"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The salicylate 1 , 2 - dioxygenase ( SDO ) from the bacterium Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans BN12 is a versatile gentisate 1 , 2 - dioxygenase ( GDO ) that converts both gentisate ( 2 , 5 - dihydroxybenzoate ) and various monohydroxylated substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 - dihydroxybenzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several variants of this enzyme were rationally designed based on the previously determined enzyme structure and sequence differences between the SDO and the ' conventional ' GDO from Corynebacterium glutamicum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was undertaken in order to define the structural elements that give the SDO its unique ability to dioxygenolytically cleave ( substituted ) salicylates .", "entity": [{"entity": "salicylates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SDO variants M103L , G106A , G111A , R113G , S147R and F159Y were constructed and it was found that G106A oxidized only gentisate ; 1 - hydroxy - 2 - naphthoate and salicylate were not converted .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "1 - hydroxy - 2 - naphthoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 160]}, {"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicated that this enzyme variant behaves like previously known ' conventional ' GDOs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystals of the G106A SDO variant and its complexes with salicylate and gentisate were obtained under anaerobic conditions , and the structures were solved and analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amino acid residue Gly106 is located inside the SDO active site cavity but does not directly interact with the substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Gly106", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal structures of G106A SDO complexes with gentisate and salicylate showed a different binding mode for salicylate when compared with the wild - type enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentisate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , salicylate coordinated in the G106A variant with the catalytically active Fe ( II ) ion in an unusual and unproductive manner because of the inability of salicylate to displace a hydrogen bond that was formed between Trp104 and Asp174 in the G106A variant .", "entity": [{"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "Fe ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 171]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}, {"entity": "Trp104", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 230]}, {"entity": "Asp174", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is proposed that this type of unproductive substrate binding might generally limit the substrate spectrum of ' conventional ' GDOs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATABASE : Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank databases under the accession numbers 3NST , 3NWA , 3NVC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - dimensional high - resolution rotational tracking with superlocalization reveals conformations of surface - bound anisotropic nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to directly follow three - dimensional rotational movement of anisotropic nanoparticles will greatly enhance our understanding of the way nanoparticles interact with surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we demonstrate dual - color total internal reflection scattering microscopy as a tool to probe the interactions of plasmonic gold nanorods with functional surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By taking advantage of both the short and long axis surface plasmon resonance scattering enhancement , we are able to decipher both in - plane and out - of - plane gold nanorod motion relative to the sample surface with equally high resolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination with superlocalization through point spread function fitting , we overcome the four - quadrant angular degeneracy of gold nanorods in the focal plane of the objective and resolve conformations of surface - bound anisotropic nanoparticles in unprecedented detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transferrin receptor - 1 membrane stub undergoes intramembrane proteolysis by signal peptide peptidase - like 2b .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successive events of shedding and regulated intramembrane proteolysis are known to comprise a fundamental biological process of type I and II membrane proteins ( e . g . amyloid precursor protein , Notch receptor and pro - tumor necrosis factor - alpha ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the resulting fragments were shown to be involved in important intra - and extracellular signalling events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although shedding of the human transferrin receptor - 1 ( TfR1 ) has been known for > 30 years and soluble TfR1 is an accepted diagnostic marker , the fate of the remaining N - terminal fragment ( NTF ) remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we demonstrate for the first time that TfR1 - NTF is subject to regulated intramembrane proteolysis and , using MALDI - TOF - TOF - MS , we have identified the cleavage site as being located C - terminal from Gly - 84 .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 215]}, {"entity": "Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We showed that the resulting C - terminal peptide is extracellularly released after regulated intramembrane proteolysis and it was detected as a monomer with an internal disulfide bridge .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further identified signal peptide peptidase - like 2a and mainly signal peptide peptidase - like 2b as being responsible for the intramembrane proteolysis of TfR1 - NTF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern contaminant mixtures induced morphological and functional changes in human coronary artery endothelial cells under culture conditions typifying high fat / sugar diet and ethanol exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been reported that Northern populations are exposed to mixtures of various environmental contaminants unique to the Arctic ( Northern contaminant mixtures - NCM ) at a large range of concentrations , depending on their geological location , age , lifestyle and dietary habits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if these contaminants may contribute to a cardiovascular health risk , especially when combined with a high fat and sugar diet and ethanol exposure , we treated human coronary artery endothelial cells ( HCAEC ) with two mixtures of 4 organic ( NCM1 ) or 22 organic and inorganic ( NCM2 ) chemicals detected in Northerners ' blood during 2004 - 2005 in the presence or absence of low - density lipoprotein ( 1 . 5mg / ml ) , very - low - density lipoprotein ( 1 . 0mg / ml ) and glucose ( 10mmol / L ) ( LVG ) , and in the absence or presence of 0 . 1 % ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [491, 498]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [566, 573]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 24h of exposure , cell morphology and markers of cytotoxicity and endothelial function were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCM1 treatment did not affect cell viability , but increased cell size , disrupted cell membrane integrity , and decreased cell density , uptake of small peptides , release of endothelin - 1 ( ET - 1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) , while causing no changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) protein expression and nitric oxide ( NO ) release .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 300]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [342, 354]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [357, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , NCM2 decreased cell viability , total protein yield , uptake of small peptides , eNOS protein expression , and NO release and caused membrane damage , but caused no changes in the secretion of ET - 1 , prostacyclin and PAI .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "prostacyclin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of LVG and / or alcohol did or did not influence the effects of NCM1 or NCM2 depending on the endpoint and the mixture examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that the effects of one or one group of contaminants may be altered by the presence of other contaminants , and that with or without the interaction of high fat and sugar diet and / or ethanol exposure , NCMs at the concentrations used caused endothelial dysfunction in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 194]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains to be investigated if these effects of NCMs also occur in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis , a review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and progressive destruction of cartilage and bone which leads to ultimately loss of function and pain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activated synovial fibroblasts are key effector cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the recent years , epigenetic changes including DNA methylation , histone acetylation and other histone modifications were identified that are associated with an intrinsic activation and the aggressive phenotype of these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , no therapies targeting rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review comprises recent research efforts that propose epigenetic mechanisms behind the activation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and other cell types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitumor drug delivery in multicellular spheroids by electropermeabilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrochemotherapy ( ECT ) is a physical technique that allows cytotoxic molecules to be efficiently released in tumor cells by inducing transient cell plasma membrane permeabilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main antitumoral drugs used in ECT are nonpermeant bleomycin and low permeant cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method is nowadays applied in clinics as a palliative treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to improve it , we took advantage of a human 3D multicellular tumor spheroid as a model of tumor to visually and molecularly assess the effect of ECT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used bleomycin and cisplatin to confirm its relevance and doxorubicin to show its potential to screen new antitumor drug candidates for ECT .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the topological distribution of permeabilized cells in 3D spheroids subjected to electric pulses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results revealed that all cells were efficiently permeabilized , whatever their localization in the spheroid , even those in the core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of antitumor drugs and electric pulses ( ECT ) led to changes in spheroid macroscopic morphology and cell cohesion , to tumor spheroid growth arrest and finally to its complete apoptosis - mediated dislocation , mimicking previously observed in vivo situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results indicate that the spheroid model is relevant for the study and optimization of electromediated drug delivery protocols .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transdermal delivery of human epidermal growth factor facilitated by a peptide chaperon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide chaperon TD1 was discovered to facilitate several proteins ' transdermal delivery via topical co - administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To design a practical , safe system for advanced transdermal peptide , a novel method was carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human epidermal growth factor ( hEGF ) was selected as the model biological agent and a fusion protein : TD1 - hEGF was designed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study showed that TD1 - hEGF not only had the similar bioactivity with native hEGF , but also possessed considerable higher transdermal ability than hEGF and a co - administration of TD1 and hEGF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provided convincing evidence for the advantages of TD1 - hEGF in cosmetic and medical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the fusion pattern between the cargoes and TD1 offered a new approach to facilitate other hydrophilic drugs ' transdermal delivery for therapeutic application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New pyrazole derivatives containing 1 , 2 , 4 - triazoles and benzoxazoles as potent antimicrobial and analgesic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - triazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "benzoxazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azole class of compounds are well known for their excellent therapeutic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present paper describes about the synthesis of three series of new 1 , 2 , 4 - triazole and benzoxazole derivatives containing substituted pyrazole moiety ( 11a - d , 12a - d and 13a - d ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 87]}, {"entity": "benzoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies and also by C , H , N analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 84]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 88]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the synthesized compounds were screened for their analgesic activity by the tail flick method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antimicrobial activity of the new derivatives was also performed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ( MIC ) by the serial dilution method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that the compound 11c having 2 , 5 - dichlorothiophene substituent on pyrazole moiety and a triazole ring showed significant analgesic and antimicrobial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - dichlorothiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional Analysis of Hair Follicle - Derived Keratinocytes from Donors with Atopic Dermatitis Reveals Enhanced Induction of IL32 Gene by IFN - gamma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We cultured human hair follicle - derived keratinocytes ( FDKs ) from plucked hairs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain insight into gene expression signatures that can distinguish atopic dermatitis from non - atopic controls without skin biopsies , we undertook a comparative study of gene expression in FDKs from adult donors with atopic dermatitis and non - atopic donors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FDK primary cultures ( atopic dermatitis , n = 11 ; non - atopic controls , n = 7 ) before and after interferon gamma ( IFN - gamma ) treatment were used for microarray analysis and quantitative RT - PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of FDKs from atopic and non - atopic donors indicated that the former showed activated pathways with innate immunity and decreased pathways of cell growth , as indicated by increased NLRP2 expression and decreased DKK1 expression , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with IFN - gamma induced the enhanced expression of IL32 , IL1B , IL8 , and CXCL1 in the cells from atopic donors compared to that in cells from non - atopic donors at 24 h after treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL1B expression in FDKs after IFN - gamma treatment correlated with IL32 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that overexpression of IL32 in hair follicle keratinocytes of patients with atopic dermatitis would lead to the excessive production of pro - IL1 beta and that the activation of IL1 beta from pro - IL1 beta by inflammasome complex , in which NLRP2 protein might be involved , would be augmented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report to show enhanced induction of cytokine / chemokine genes by IFN - gamma in atopic dermatitis using cultured FDKs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenite and tellurite form mixed seleno - and tellurotrisulfides with CstR from Staphylococcus aureus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "tellurite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "seleno - and tellurotrisulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus CstR ( CsoR - like sulfur transferase repressor ) is a member of the CsoR family of transition metal sensing metalloregulatory proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "transition metal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike CsoR , CstR does not form a stable complex with transition metals but instead reacts with sulfite to form a mixture of di - and trisulfide species , CstR2 ( RS - SR ' ) and CstR2 ( RS - S - SR ' ) n ) n = 1 or 2 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "transition metals", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "sulfite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "di - and trisulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "RS - SR '", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 173]}, {"entity": "RS - S - SR '", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigate if CstR performs similar chemistry with related chalcogen oxyanions selenite and tellurite .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcogen oxyanions", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "tellurite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we show by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry that CstR is readily modified by selenite ( SeO3 ( 2 - ) ) or tellurite ( TeO3 ( 2 - ) ) to form a mixture of intersubunit disulfides and selenotrisulfides or tellurotrisulfides , respectively , between Cys31 and Cys60 ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "SeO3 ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "tellurite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "TeO3 ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "disulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 198]}, {"entity": "selenotrisulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 220]}, {"entity": "tellurotrisulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 242]}, {"entity": "Cys31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 273]}, {"entity": "Cys60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analogous studies with S . aureus CsoR reveals no reaction with selenite and minimal reaction with tellurite .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "tellurite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All cross - linked forms of CstR exhibit reduced DNA binding affinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that Cys31 initiates the reaction with sulfite through the formation of S - sulfocysteine ( RS - SO3 ( 2 - ) ) and Cys60 is required to fully derivatize CstR to CstR2 ( RS - SR ' ) and CstR2 ( RS - S - SR ' ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "sulfite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "S - sulfocysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 97]}, {"entity": "RS - SO3 ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Cys60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 128]}, {"entity": "RS - SR '", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 186]}, {"entity": "RS - S - SR '", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modification of Cys31 also drives an allosteric switch that negatively regulates DNA binding while derivatization of Cys60 alone has no effect on DNA binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Cys60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results highlight the differences between CstRs and CsoRs in chemical reactivity and metal ion selectivity and establish Cys31 as the functionally important cysteine residue in CstRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of Environmental and Antimicrobial Agents Impact on Features of Bacterial Growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous , real - time observation of bacterial growth has a great advantage for studying the mechanisms of interactions of various compounds with the bacterial cell membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the use of physical methods , which are specific for assessment of continuous changes in turbidity over time , we have shown that bacterial growth was affected by not only on types of antibiotics and phages , but also by their concentration in media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low concentration of antibiotics and bacteriophages in media has no effect on the bacterial growth process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our research has shown that if bacterial cell membrane is not completely saturated with antibiotics membrane sensitive sites ( MSS ) , or bacteriophages free unbounded receptors are remained , bacterial growth continues unimpeded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Manganese - exposed developing rats display motor deficits and striatal oxidative stress that are reversed by Trolox .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While manganese ( Mn ) is essential for proper central nervous system ( CNS ) development , excessive Mn exposure may lead to neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "manganese", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn preferentially accumulates in the basal ganglia , and in adults it may cause Parkinson ' s disease - like disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to adults , younger individuals accumulate greater Mn levels in the CNS and are more vulnerable to its toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the mechanisms mediating developmental Mn - induced neurotoxicity are not completely understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the developmental neurotoxicity elicited by Mn exposure ( 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg ; i . p . ) from postnatal day 8 to PN27 in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurochemical analyses were carried out on PN29 , with a particular focus on striatal alterations in intracellular signaling pathways ( MAPKs , Akt and DARPP - 32 ) , oxidative stress generation and cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motor alterations were evaluated later in life at 3 , 4 or 5 weeks of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn exposure ( 20 mg / kg ) increased p38 ( MAPK ) and Akt phosphorylation , but decreased DARPP - 32 - Thr - 34 phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn ( 10 and 20 mg / kg ) increased caspase activity and F ( 2 ) - isoprostane production ( a biological marker of lipid peroxidation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "F ( 2 ) - isoprostane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paralleling the changes in striatal biochemical parameters , Mn ( 20 mg / kg ) also caused motor impairment , evidenced by increased falling latency in the rotarod test , decreased distance traveled and motor speed in the open - field test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , the antioxidant Trolox (TM) reversed the Mn ( 20 mg / kg ) - dependent augmentation in p38 ( MAPK ) phosphorylation and reduced the Mn ( 20 mg / kg ) - induced caspase activity and F ( 2 ) - isoprostane production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "F ( 2 ) - isoprostane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trolox (TM) also reversed the Mn - induced motor coordination deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are the first to show that long - term exposure to Mn during a critical period of neurodevelopment causes motor coordination dysfunction with parallel increment in oxidative stress markers , p38 ( MAPK ) phosphorylation and caspase activity in the striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we establish Trolox (TM) as a potential neuroprotective agent given its efficacy in reversing the Mn - induced neurodevelopmental effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose finding by concentration - response versus dose - response : a simulation - based comparison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : The investigations reported here aimed to evaluate the incremental benefit for dose finding by concentration - response analysis versus dose - response analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Trials were simulated using an Emax model for a range of scenarios of drug properties , trial design options and target response levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulated data were analysed by concentration - response and dose - response modelling ; a dose was then chosen to target a specific response level in a confirmatory trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two approaches were compared in terms of the quality of model parameter estimation and the success rate for the confirmatory trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : While the accuracy for ED50 estimation was comparably good with both approaches , the precision was up to 90 % higher with concentration - response approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference was most notable when clearance was highly variable between subjects and the top dose was relatively low .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The higher precision by the concentration - response analysis lead to better dose selection and up to 20 % higher success rate for the subsequent confirmatory trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relatively small difference in success rate translated into a remarkable difference in sample size requirement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : By customising these parameters , the approach and the findings can be applied to assessing the value of pharmacokinetic sampling in particular trial situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Refining the UGT1A haplotype associated with irinotecan - induced hematological toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5 - fluorouracil / irinotecan - based regimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 159]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the importance of UDP - glucuronosyltransferase ( UGT ) 1A1 * 28 in irinotecan pharmacogenetics , our capability to predict drug - induced severe toxicity remains limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed at identifying novel genetic markers that would improve prediction of irinotecan toxicity and response in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with folic acid ( leucovorin ) , fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) , and irinotecan ( camptosar ) - based regimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}, {"entity": "leucovorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 187]}, {"entity": "fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 204]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 213]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 232]}, {"entity": "camptosar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationships between UGT1A candidate markers across the gene ( n = 21 ) and toxicity were prospectively evaluated in 167 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We included variants in the 3 ' untranscribed region ( 3 ' UTR ) of the UGT1A locus , not studied in this context yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These genetic markers were further investigated in 250 Italian FOLFIRI - treated patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "FOLFIRI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several functional UGT1A variants , including UGT1A1 * 28 , significantly influenced risk of severe hematologic toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As previously reported in the Italian cohort , a 5 - marker risk haplotype [ haplotype II ( HII ) ; UGTs 1A9 / 1A7 / 1A1 ] was associated with severe neutropenia in our cohort [ odds ratio ( OR ) = 2 . 43 ; P = 0 . 004 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inclusion of a 3 ' UTR single - nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) permitted refinement of the previously defined HI , in which HIa was associated with the absence of severe neutropenia in combined cohorts ( OR = 0 . 55 ; P = 0 . 038 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among all tested UGT1A variations and upon multivariate analyses , no UGT1A1 SNPs remained significant , whereas three SNPs located in the central region of UGT1A were linked to neutropenia grade 3 - 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotype analyses of these markers with the 3 ' UTR SNP allowed the identification of a protective HI ( OR = 0 . 50 ; P = 0 . 048 ) and two risk haplotypes , HII and HIII , characterized by 2 and 3 unfavorable alleles , respectively , revealing a dosage effect ( ORs of 2 . 15 and 5 . 28 ; P <= 0 . 030 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that specific SNPs in UGT1A , other than UGT1A1 * 28 , may influence irinotecan toxicity and should be considered to refine pharmacogenetic testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural and Optoelectronic Characterization of RF Sputtered ZnSnN2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSnN2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZnSnN2 , a new earth - abundant semiconductor , is synthesized and characterized for use as a photovoltaic absorber material .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSnN2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results confirm the predicted orthorhombic Pna21 crystal structure in RF sputtered thin films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , optical measurements reveal a direct bandgap of about 2 eV , which is larger than our calculated bandgap of 1 . 42 eV due to the Burstein - Moss effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHI : A powerful new program for the analysis of anisotropic monomeric and exchange - coupled polynuclear d - and f - block complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new program , PHI , with the ability to calculate the magnetic properties of large spin systems and complex orbitally degenerate systems , such as clusters of d - block and f - block ions , is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - block", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "f - block", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The program can intuitively fit experimental data from multiple sources , such as magnetic and spectroscopic data , simultaneously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHI is extensively parallelized and can operate under the symmetric multiprocessing , single process multiple data , or GPU paradigms using a threaded , MPI or GPU model , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a given problem PHI is been shown to be almost 12 times faster than the well - known program MAGPACK , limited only by available hardware .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen Receptor mRNA Measured by Quantitative Real Time PCR is Decreased in the Urethral Mucosa of Patients with Middle Idiopathic Hypospadias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Androgen action is exerted through the androgen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The normal 46 , XY genital virilization depends on androgen receptor gene expression , which is tissue specific , and requires normal androgen receptor mRNA levels in androgen sensitive tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypospadias is a frequent male genital abnormality , potentially related to reduced androgen sensitivity in genital tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to compare , by quantitative real time PCR , the amount of androgen receptor mRNA in cells obtained from the urethral mucosa of patients with middle idiopathic hypospadias with the androgen receptor mRNA levels observed in control phimosis subjects with eutopic urethral opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prepubertal individuals were studied , including 41 controls and 17 hypospadias patients with mean ( SD ) ages of 4 . 7 ( 2 . 1 ) years and 4 . 0 ( 3 . 0 ) years , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed significantly less androgen receptor mRNA in the urethral mucosa of patients with hypospadias than in the controls ( p = 0 . 002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation between the level of androgen receptor mRNA expression and the penile size was almost statistically significant only in hypospadias patients ( r = 0 . 47 ; p = 0 . 053 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also established the number of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene by GeneScan analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference was observed in the number of CAG repeats when patients and controls were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A negative correlation between the CAG repeats and penile size was detected in patients with hypospadias , but not in controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that a critical lower level of androgen receptor mRNA expression could be a determining factor in the development of middle hypospadias .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and characterization of bacterial diterpene cyclases that synthesize the cembrane skeleton .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digging up skeletons : We report the identification and the functional characterization of two terpene cyclases ( DtcycA and DtcycB ) that were mined from the genome of Streptomyces sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "terpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SANK 60404 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DtcycA and DtcycB are novel bacterial diterpene cyclases for the synthesis of the cembrane skeleton .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case - based approach to the practical application of dexmedetomidine in critically ill adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha ( 2 ) - adrenoceptor agonist that offers unique sedation because patients are readily awakened while administration continues and the drug does not suppress the respiratory center .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limitations of use include higher acquisition cost , inability to produce deep sedation , and bradycardia and hypotension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a case - based approach , the purpose of this review was to qualitatively assess the role of dexmedetomidine in the care of the critically ill and in the management of alcohol withdrawal , and to formulate recommendations regarding its clinical application .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 114]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty - six studies were identified that investigated dexmedetomidine for the provision of sedation .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies were heterogeneous in design and patient populations ; most investigated patients did not require heavy sedation , and few used propofol as the comparator .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , though , the aggregate results of all studies demonstrate that dexmedetomidine provides comfort , possibly shortens the duration of mechanical ventilation to facilitate extubation , reduces the occurrence of acute brain dysfunction , and facilitates communication , but the drug is associated with hemodynamic instability and requires the supplemental use of traditional sedative and analgesic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These outcomes need to be substantiated in additional studies that include assessments of cost - effectiveness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexmedetomidine should be considered when patients require mild to moderate levels of sedation of short to intermediate time frames , and they qualify for daily awakenings with traditional sedative therapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data for dexmedetomidine in relation to alcohol withdrawal are limited to 12 retrospective reports representing a total of 127 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its role for this indication requires further study , but it may be considered as adjunctive therapy when clinicians are concerned about respiratory suppression associated with escalating doses of gamma - aminobutyric acid agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regardless of the indication for dexmedetomidine , the practitioner must closely monitor patient comfort and the occurrence of hemodynamic deviations with the realization that as - needed administration of traditional sedatives and analgesics will be required and some degree of bradycardia and hypotension expected but intervention rarely required .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Sec7 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF1 Regulates Membrane Recruitment of BIG1 and BIG2 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors to the Trans - Golgi Network ( TGN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( GEFs ) activate ADP - ribosylation factors ( ARFs ) to facilitate coating of transport vesicles within the secretory and endosomal pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GBF1 recruits COPI to pre - Golgi and Golgi compartments , whereas BIG1 and BIG2 recruit AP1 and GGA clathrin adaptors to the trans - Golgi network ( TGN ) and endosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report a functional cascade between these GEFs by showing that GBF1 - activated ARFs ( ARF4 and ARF5 , but not ARF3 ) facilitate BIG1 and BIG2 recruitment to the TGN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We localize GBF1 ultrastructurally to the pre - Golgi , the Golgi , and also the TGN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest a model in which GBF1 localized within pre - Golgi and Golgi compartments mediates ARF activation to facilitate recruitment of COPI to membranes , whereas GBF1 localized at the TGN mediates ARF activation that leads to the recruitment of BIG1 and BIG2 to the TGN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane - associated BIG1 / 2 then activates ARFs that recruit clathrin adaptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this cascade , an early acting GEF ( GBF1 ) activates ARFs that mediate recruitment of late acting GEFs ( BIG1 / 2 ) to coordinate coating events within the pre - Golgi / Golgi / TGN continuum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such coordination may optimize the efficiency and / or selectivity of cargo trafficking through the compartments of the secretory pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigating the enteroenteric recirculation of apixaban , a factor Xa inhibitor : administration of activated charcoal to bile duct - cannulated rats and dogs receiving an intravenous dose and use of drug transporter knockout rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study described here investigated the impact of intestinal excretion ( IE ; excretion of drug directly from circulation to intestinal lumen ) , enteroenteric recirculation ( EER ) , and renal tubule recirculation ( RTR ) on apixaban pharmacokinetics and disposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental approaches involve integrating apixaban elimination pathways with pharmacokinetic profiles obtained from bile duct - cannulated ( BDC ) rats and dogs receiving i . v . doses together with oral administration of activated charcoal ( AC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "charcoal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the role of P - gp ( P - glycoprotein ; abcb1 ) and BCRP ( breast cancer resistance protein ; abcg2 ) in apixaban disposition was evaluated in experiments using transporter inhibitors and transporter knockout ( KO ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 20 - 50 % of an apixaban i . v . dose was found in feces of BDC rats and dogs , suggesting IE leading to fecal elimination and intestinal clearance ( IC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fecal elimination , IC , and systemic clearance of apixaban were increased upon AC administration in both BDC rats and dogs and were decreased in BDC rats dosed with GF - 120918 , a dual BCRP and P - gp inhibitor ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "GF - 120918", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BCRP appeared to play a more important role for absorption and intestinal and renal elimination of apixaban than P - gp in transporter - KO rats after oral and i . v . dosing , which led to a higher level of active renal excretion in rat than other species .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that apixaban undergoes IE , EER , and RTR that are facilitated by efflux transporters .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intestinal reabsorption of apixaban could be interrupted by AC even at 3 hours post - drug dose in dogs ( late charcoal effect ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "charcoal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that the intestine is an organ for direct clearance and redistribution of apixaban .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IE , EER , and RTR contribute to overall pharmacokinetic profiles of apixaban .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IE as a clearance pathway , balanced with metabolism and renal excretion , helps decrease the impacts of intrinsic ( renal or hepatic impairment ) and extrinsic ( drug - drug interactions ) factors on apixaban disposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "apixaban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of molecular adsorbates on gold nanoparticles using sodium borohydride in water .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium borohydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of sodium borohydride removal of organothiols from gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) was studied using an experimental investigation and computational modeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium borohydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "organothiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organothiols and other AuNP surface adsorbates such as thiophene , adenine , rhodamine , small anions ( Br ( - ) and I ( - ) ) , and a polymer ( PVP , poly ( N - vinylpyrrolidone ) ) can all be rapidly and completely removed from the AuNP surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organothiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "adenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "rhodamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "Br ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "I ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "PVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "poly ( N - vinylpyrrolidone )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A computational study showed that hydride derived from sodium borohydride has a higher binding affinity to AuNPs than organothiols .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "sodium borohydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "organothiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it can displace organothiols and all the other adsorbates tested from AuNPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "organothiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium borohydride may be used as a hazard - free , general - purpose detergent that should find utility in a variety of AuNP applications including catalysis , biosensing , surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy , and AuNP recycle and reuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium borohydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of MoS2 and MoSe2 films with vertically aligned layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "MoSe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Layered materials consist of molecular layers stacked together by weak interlayer interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They often crystallize to form atomically smooth thin films , nanotubes , and platelet or fullerene - like nanoparticles due to the anisotropic bonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structures that predominately expose edges of the layers exhibit high surface energy and are often considered unstable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this communication , we present a synthesis process to grow MoS2 and MoSe2 thin films with vertically aligned layers , thereby maximally exposing the edges on the film surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "MoSe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such edge - terminated films are metastable structures of MoS2 and MoSe2 , which may find applications in diverse catalytic reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "MoSe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have confirmed their catalytic activity in a hydrogen evolution reaction ( HER ) , in which the exchange current density correlates directly with the density of the exposed edge sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevirapine bioactivation and covalent binding in the skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevirapine ( NVP ) treatment is associated with serious skin rashes that appear to be immune - mediated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously developed a rat model of this skin rash that is immune - mediated and is very similar to the rash in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of rats with the major NVP metabolite , 12 - OH - NVP , also caused the rash .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "12 - OH - NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are caused by reactive metabolites ; 12 - OH - NVP forms a benzylic sulfate , which was detected in the blood of animals treated with NVP or 12 - OH - NVP .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - OH - NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "benzylic sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 109]}, {"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}, {"entity": "12 - OH - NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sulfate is presumably formed in the liver ; however , the skin also has significant sulfotransferase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we used a serum against NVP to detect covalent binding in the skin of rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a large artifact band in immunoblots of whole skin homogenates that interfered with detection of covalent binding ; however , when the skin was separated into dermal and epidermal fractions , covalent binding was clearly present in the epidermis , which is also the location of sulfotransferases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to rats , treatment of mice with NVP did not result in covalent binding in the skin or skin rash .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the reaction of 12 - OH - NVP sulfate with nucleophiles such as glutathione is slow , incubation of this sulfate with homogenized human and rat skin led to extensive covalent binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - OH - NVP sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubations of 12 - OH - NVP with the soluble fraction from a 9 , 000g centrifugation ( S9 ) of rat or human skin homogenate in the presence of 3 ' - phosphoadenosine - 5 ' - phosphosulfate ( PAPS ) produced extensive covalent binding , but no covalent binding was detected with mouse skin S9 , which suggests that the reason mice do not develop a rash is that they lack the required sulfotransferase .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - OH - NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "3 ' - phosphoadenosine - 5 ' - phosphosulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 189]}, {"entity": "PAPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first study to report covalent binding of NVP to rat and human skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide strong evidence that covalent binding of NVP in the skin is due to 12 - OH - NVP sulfate , which is likely responsible for NVP - induced skin rash .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "12 - OH - NVP sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 107]}, {"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulfation may represent a bioactivation pathway for other drugs that cause a skin rash .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of Bacteriostatic DNA Aptamers for Salmonella .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salmonella is one of the most dangerous and common food - borne pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overuse of antibiotics for disease prevention has led to the development of multidrug resistant Salmonella .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Now , more than ever , there is a need for new antimicrobial drugs to combat these resistant bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aptamers have grown in popularity since their discovery , and their properties make them attractive candidates for therapeutic use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we describe the selection of highly specific DNA aptamers to S . enteritidis and S . typhimurium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evolve species - specific aptamers , twelve rounds of selection to live S . enteritidis and S . typhimurium were performed , alternating with a negative selection against a mixture of related pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies have shown that synthetic pools combined from individual aptamers have the capacity to inhibit growth of S . enteritidis and S . typhimurium in bacterial cultures ; this was the result of a decrease in their membrane potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minimal peptide motif for non - covalent peptide - heparin hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of complexity of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) to a non - covalent structure with minimal chemically defined components represents an attractive avenue for understanding the biology of the ECM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting system could lead to the design of tailor - made biomaterials that incorporate varying functionalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negatively charged glycosaminoglycans are the major components of the ECM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their interaction with positively charged proteins is important for dynamic three - dimensional scaffold formation and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We designed and screened minimal peptide motifs whose conjugates with polyethylene glycol interact with heparin to form non - covalent hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show the structure / function relationship of the ( RA ) ( n ) and ( KA ) ( n ) motifs and determined that both basic residues and the heparin - induced alpha - helix formation are important for the assembly process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simple rules allowed us to tune various aspects of the matrix system such as the gelation rates , biodegradability , rheological properties , and biofunctionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrogels can encapsulate cells and support cell survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products as a source for treating neglected parasitic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infectious diseases caused by parasites are a major threat for the entire mankind , especially in the tropics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 1 billion people world - wide are directly exposed to tropical parasites such as the causative agents of trypanosomiasis , leishmaniasis , schistosomiasis , lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis , which represent a major health problem , particularly in impecunious areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike most antibiotics , there is no \" general \" antiparasitic drug available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the selection of antiparasitic drugs varies between different organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the currently available drugs are chemically de novo synthesized , however , the majority of drugs are derived from natural sources such as plants which have subsequently been chemically modified to warrant higher potency against these human pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review article we will provide an overview of the current status of plant derived pharmaceuticals and their chemical modifications to target parasite - specific peculiarities in order to interfere with their proliferation in the human host .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Gastric Carcinoma : 8 - Oxo - 7 ' 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine ( 8 - oxo - dG ) as a Possible Tumor Marker .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - Oxo - 7 ' 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 109]}, {"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We characterized the oxidative stress ( OS ) status by the levels of reduced / oxidized glutathione ( GSH / GSSG ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and the mutagenic base 8 - oxo - 7 ' 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine ( 8 - oxo - dG ) in human gastric carcinoma ( HGC ) samples and compared the results with normal tissue from the same patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "reduced / oxidized glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "8 - oxo - 7 ' 8 - dihydro - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 212]}, {"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also analyzed 8 - oxo - dG in peripheral mononuclear cells ( PMNC ) and urine from healthy control subjects and in affected patients in the basal state and one , three , six , nine and twelve months after tumor resection .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression ( hOGG1 , RAD51 , MUYTH and MTH1 ) were determined in tumor specimens and compared with normal mucosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor specimens exhibited increased levels of MDA and 8 - oxo - dG compared with normal gastric tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSH levels were also increased , while GSSG levels remained stable .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression was induced in the tumor tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of 8 - oxo - dG were significantly elevated in both urine and PMNC of gastric cancer patients compared with healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After gastrectomy , the levels of the damaged base in urine and PMNC decreased progressively to values close to those found in the healthy population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high levels of 8 - oxo - dG in urine may be related to the increased induction of DNA repair activity in tumor tissue , and the changes observed after tumor resection support its potential use as a tumor marker .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - oxo - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Process engineering with planetary ball mills .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Planetary ball mills are well known and used for particle size reduction on laboratory and pilot scales for decades while during the last few years the application of planetary ball mills has extended to mechanochemical approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Processes inside planetary ball mills are complex and strongly depend on the processed material and synthesis and , thus , the optimum milling conditions have to be assessed for each individual system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review focuses on the insight into several parameters like properties of grinding balls , the filling ratio or revolution speed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It gives examples of the aspects of grinding and illustrates some general guidelines to follow for modelling processes in planetary ball mills in terms of refinement , synthesis ' yield and contamination from wear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of energy transferred from the milling tools to the powder is significant and hardly measurable for processes in planetary ball mills .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus numerical simulations based on a discrete - element - method are used to describe the energy transfer to give an adequate description of the process by correlation with experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulations illustrate the effect of the geometry of planetary ball mills on the energy entry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition the imaging of motion patterns inside a planetary ball mill from simulations and video recordings is shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning , characterization and heterologous expression of the indolocarbazole biosynthetic gene cluster from marine - derived Streptomyces sanyensis FMA .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolocarbazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The indolocarbazole ( ICZ ) alkaloids have attracted much attention due to their unique structures and potential therapeutic applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolocarbazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "ICZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of ICZs were recently isolated and identified from a marine - derived actinomycete strain , Streptomyces sanyensis FMA .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICZs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with ICZs production in S . sanyensis FMA , PCR using degenerate primers was carried out to clone the FAD - dependent monooxygenase gene fragment for ICZ ring formation , which was used as a probe to isolate the 34 . 6 - kb DNA region containing the spc gene cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICZs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "FAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "ICZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequence analysis revealed genes for ICZ ring formation ( spcO , D , P , C ) , sugar unit formation ( spcA , B , E , K , J , I ) , glycosylation ( spcN , G ) , methylation ( spcMA , MB ) , as well as regulation ( spcR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their involvement in ICZ biosynthesis was confirmed by gene inactivation and heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work represents the first cloning and characterization of an ICZ gene cluster isolated from a marine - derived actinomycete strain and would be helpful for thoroughly understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of ICZ glycosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "ICZ glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial N - halamine polymers and coatings : a review of their synthesis , characterization , and applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamine polymers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial N - halamine polymers and coatings have been studied extensively over the past decade thanks to their numerous qualities such as effectiveness toward a broad spectrum of microorganisms , long - term stability , regenerability , safety to humans and environment and low cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamine polymers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , recent developments are described by emphasizing the synthesis of polymers and / or coatings having N - halamine moieties .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actually , three main approaches of preparation are given in detail : polymerization , generation by electrochemical route with proteins as monomers and grafting with precursor monomers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and characterization of the formation of the N - halamine bonds ( > N - X with X = Cl or Br or I ) by physical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( NMR ) , energy - dispersive X - ray spectroscopy ( EDX ) , X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) , and by chemical reactions are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 84]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to check the antimicrobial activity of the N - halamine compounds , bacterial tests are also described .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , some examples of application of these N - halamines in the water treatment , paints , healthcare equipment , and textile industries are presented and discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - halamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hollow block copolymer nanoparticles through a spontaneous one - step structural reorganization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spontaneous one - step synthesis of hollow nanocages and nanotubes from spherical and cylindrical micelles based on poly ( acrylic acid ) - b - polylactide ( P ( AA ) - b - P ( LA ) ) block copolymers ( BCPs ) has been achieved .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( acrylic acid ) - b - polylactide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 159]}, {"entity": "P ( AA ) - b - P ( LA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This structural reorganization , which occurs simply upon drying of the samples , was elucidated by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that it was necessary to use stain - free imaging to examine these nanoscale assemblies , as the hollow nature of the particles was obscured by application of a heavy metal stain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the internal topology of the P ( AA ) - b - P ( LA ) particles could be tuned by manipulating the drying conditions to give solid or compartmentalized structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( AA ) - b - P ( LA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon resuspension , these reorganized nanoparticles retain their hollow structure and display significantly enhanced loading of a hydrophobic dye compared to the original solid cylinders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoelectrochemical properties of nanomultiple CaFe2O4 / ZnFe2O4 pn junction photoelectrodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaFe2O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "ZnFe2O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanomultiple CaFe2O4 / ZnFe2O4pn junctions are prepared by a pulsed laser deposition method to explore their photoelectrochemical properties as the photoelectrodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaFe2O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "ZnFe2O4pn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is demonstrated that the multiple - pn - junction structure is favorable to enhancing the photocurrent density and the onset potential of the photoelectrode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the 20 - junction photoelectrode - based PEC cell yields a high open circuit photovoltage of up to 0 . 97 V , which is much higher than that for a single pn junction photoelectrode PEC cell that yields an open circuit photovoltage of 0 . 13 V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multiple - junction band structure model is assumed to describe the behavior of the CaFe2O4 / ZnFe2O4 multiple - junction photoelectrodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaFe2O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "ZnFe2O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that the open circuit photovoltage is dominated by the number of pn junctions in a multiple - junction photoelectrode and the carrier transfer inside the photoelectrode is improved by narrowing the single - layer thickness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide a new approach to designing the multiple - junction structure to improve the PEC properties of the photoelectrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparation of novel porous starch microsphere foam for loading and release of poorly water soluble drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Background : Organic porous material is a promising carrier for enhancing the dissolution of poorly water soluble drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to enhance dissolution and oral bioavailability of lovastatin ( LV ) by preparing a porous starch microsphere foam ( PSM ) using a novel method , meanwhile , looking into the mechanism of improving dissolution of LV .", "entity": [{"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : PSM was prepared by the W / O emulsion - freeze thawing method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The porous structure of PSM was characterized by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and nitrogen adsorption / desorption analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorption role of nanopores on the drug dissolution and physical state of LV was systematically studied by instrumental analysis , and in vitro and in vivo drug dissolution studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 - ( 4 , 5 - Dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) assay was used to evaluate carrier cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( 4 , 5 - Dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 78]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The SEM images of PSM showed nanometer - sized pores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical state characterization indicated that porous structure effectively limited the degree of crystallinity of LV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of in vitro and in vivo tests testified that PSM accelerated the release of LV and enhanced its oral bioavailability in comparison with crude LV and commercial capsules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loaded PSM powder indicated a good physical stability under storage for 12 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTT assay shows PSM has no toxicity for Caco - 2 cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : The preparation was a promising method to produce small and uniform PSM with markedly enhanced dissolution rate and oral bioavailability due to the spatial confinement effect of porous structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work demonstrates the significant potential for the use of PSM as a novel delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different pharmacokinetics of the two structurally similar dammarane sapogenins , protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol , in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dammarane sapogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 79]}, {"entity": "protopanaxatriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "protopanaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dammarane Sapogenins ( DS ) , with main ingredients of protopanaxatriol ( PPT , 33 % ) and protopanaxadiol ( PPD , 16 % ) , is an alkaline hydrolyzed product of ginsenosides and had significant activities in improving learning and memory and decreasing chemotherapy - induced myelosuppression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dammarane Sapogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "protopanaxatriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "protopanaxadiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailabilities of PPT and PPD were investigated when a single dose of DS was administrated orally ( 75mg / kg ) and intravenously ( i . v . , 30mg / kg ) to rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their in vitro stabilities in the GI tract were also investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPT and PPD concentrations were measured by LC - MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that PPT was eliminated rapidly from the body with an average t1 / 2 , lambda z value of 0 . 80h and CL of 4 . 27l / h / kg after i . v . administration , while PPD was eliminated relatively slowly with a t1 / 2 , lambda z of 6 . 25h and CL of 0 . 98l / h / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After oral administration , both PPD and PPT could be absorbed into the body , but their systemic exposures were quite different .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPT was absorbed into the body quickly , with a Tmax of 0 . 58h and a Cmax of 0 . 13 mu g / ml , while PPD was absorbed relatively slowly with a Tmax of 1 . 82h and a Cmax of 1 . 04 mu g / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute bioavailabilities of PPT and PPD were estimated as 3 . 69 % and 48 . 12 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "PPD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stability test found that PPT was instable in the stomach with 40 % degradation after 4h incubation at 37 degrees C , both in pH1 . 2 buffer and in the stomach content solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The instability in the stomach might be one of the reasons for PPT ' s poor bioavailability .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Image - guided percutaneous ablation therapies for local recurrences of thyroid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased steadily over the last few decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most differentiated thyroid carcinomas ( DTC ) are cured thanks to the initial treatment with surgery and radioiodine therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , neck lymph node metastases are found in a few of these patients during their long - term clinical and ultrasound follow - up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some of these cases radioiodine treatment may not be effective in eradicating nodal metastases due to scant 131 - I uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "131 - I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , a few of these patients undergo repeated neck explorations and / or resections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these considerations and on the frequently indolent course of DTC neck metastases , a non - surgical therapeutic approach should be considered to control small local foci of DTC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing interest in mini - invasive image - guided procedures that can be performed under local anesthesia which do not affect the performance status of the patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Image - guided minimally invasive ablative therapies delivered by using needle - like applicators include both thermal and non - thermal source techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past 25 years , these therapies have gained widespread attention and , in many cases , broad clinical acceptance as methods for treating focal malignancies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to overcome the limitations of treating certain unresectable tumor types not amenable to a further surgical treatment , a few investigators have reported successfully combining percutaneous therapies with other oncologic treatment strategies ( combined treatments ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we reported mini - invasive techniques more commonly employed in selected cases to ameliorate local compressive symptoms , control hormonal production , and reduce the volume of neoplastic tissue prior to traditional palliative treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of Baseline Insulin Regimen on Glycemic Response to a Group Medical Clinic Intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEGroup medical clinics ( GMC ) combine medication management and self - management training , and may improve diabetes outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains unclear which patients benefit most from GMC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This secondary analysis examined the impact of baseline insulin regimen on GMC response . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe analyzed a trial of 239 veterans with type 2 diabetes randomized to GMC or usual care ( UC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We categorized baseline insulin regimen as the following : no insulin ; basal insulin only ; or complex insulin ( basal - prandial or mixed regimens ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using linear mixed models adjusted for clustering within GMC , we evaluated the differential impact of GMC relative to UC on hemoglobin A ( 1c ) ( HbA ( 1c ) ) and self - efficacy among patients on different baseline insulin regimens . RESULTSFrom linear mixed models , the effect of GMC on HbA ( 1c ) differed by baseline insulin regimen versus UC ( P = 0 . 05 ) ; there was no differential effect on self - efficacy ( P = 0 . 29 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those using complex insulin regimens at baseline , GMC reduced HbA ( 1c ) by study end compared with UC ( - 1 . 0 % ; 95 % CI - 1 . 8 to - 0 . 2 ; P = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found no such HbA ( 1c ) difference between GMC and UC patients using no insulin ( P = 0 . 65 ) or basal insulin only ( P = 0 . 71 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no clinically significant differences in hypoglycemia by baseline insulin regimen and intervention group . CONCLUSIONSWe found that compared with UC , GMC lowered HbA ( 1c ) specifically among patients using complex insulin regimens at study baseline , which may relate to this group ' s demanding medication and self - management requirements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implementing GMC among patients using complex insulin regimens may maximize this care delivery strategy ' s potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymer - coated echogenic lipid nanoparticles with dual release triggers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although lipid nanoparticles are promising drug delivery vehicles , passive release of encapsulated contents at the target site is often slow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report contents release from targeted , polymer - coated , echogenic lipid nanoparticles in the cell cytoplasm by redox trigger and simultaneously enhanced by diagnostic frequency ultrasound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipid nanoparticles were polymerized on the external leaflet using a disulfide cross - linker .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of cytosolic concentrations of glutathione , the lipid nanoparticles released 76 % of encapsulated contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma concentrations of glutathione failed to release the encapsulated contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of 3 MHz ultrasound for 2 min simultaneously with the reducing agent enhanced the release to 96 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folic acid conjugated , doxorubicin - loaded nanoparticles showed enhanced uptake and higher cytotoxicity in cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor ( compared to the control ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With further developments , these lipid nanoparticles have the potential to be used as multimodal nanocarriers for simultaneous targeted drug delivery and ultrasound imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of 4 - { 4 - [ ( 3R ) - 3 - Methylmorpholin - 4 - yl ] - 6 - [ 1 - ( methylsulfonyl ) cyclopropyl ] pyrimidin - 2 - yl } - 1H - indole ( AZ20 ) : a potent and selective inhibitor of ATR protein kinase with monotherapy in vivo antitumor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - { 4 - [ ( 3R ) - 3 - Methylmorpholin - 4 - yl ] - 6 - [ 1 - ( methylsulfonyl ) cyclopropyl ] pyrimidin - 2 - yl } - 1H - indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 144]}, {"entity": "AZ20", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATR is an attractive new anticancer drug target whose inhibitors have potential as chemo - or radiation sensitizers or as monotherapy in tumors addicted to particular DNA - repair pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the discovery and synthesis of a series of sulfonylmorpholinopyrimidines that show potent and selective ATR inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonylmorpholinopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization from a high quality screening hit within tight SAR space led to compound 6 ( AZ20 ) which inhibits ATR immunoprecipitated from HeLa nuclear extracts with an IC50 of 5 nM and ATR mediated phosphorylation of Chk1 in HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cells with an IC50 of 50 nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZ20", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 6 potently inhibits the growth of LoVo colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cells in vitro and has high free exposure in mouse following moderate oral doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At well tolerated doses 6 leads to significant growth inhibition of LoVo xenografts grown in nude mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 6 is a useful compound to explore ATR pharmacology in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface structures of PDMS incorporated with quaternary ammonium salts designed for antibiofouling and fouling release applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( dimethylsiloxane ) ( PDMS ) materials have been extensively shown to function as excellent fouling - release ( FR ) coatings in the marine environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( dimethylsiloxane )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incorporation of biocide moieties , such as quaternary ammonium salts ( QAS ) , can impart additional antibiofouling properties to PDMS - based FR coating systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the molecular surface structures of two different types of QAS - incorporated PDMS systems were investigated in different chemical environments using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy ( SFG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , a series of PDMS coatings containing either a QAS with a single ammonium salt group per molecule or a quaternary ammonium - functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane ( Q - POSS ) were measured with SFG in air , water , and artificial seawater ( ASW ) to investigate the relationships between the interfacial surface structures of these materials and their antifouling properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 190]}, {"entity": "POSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although previous studies have shown that the above - mentioned materials are promising contact - active antifouling coatings , slight variations of the QAS structure can lead to substantial differences in the antifouling performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , the SFG results presented here indicated that the surface structures of these materials depend on several factors , such as the extent of quaternization , the molecular weight of the PDMS component , and the functional groups of the QAS used for incorporation into the PDMS matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that in aqueous environments a lower extent of Q - POSS quaternization and the use of ethoxy ( instead of methoxy ) functional groups for QAS incorporation facilitated the extension of the alkyl chains away from the nitrogen atom of the QAS on the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "POSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "ethoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SFG results correlated well with the antifouling activity studies that indicated that the coatings exhibiting a lower concentration of longer alkyl chains protruding out of the surface can neutralize microorganisms more effectively , ultimately leading to better antifouling performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the results of this study provide additional evidence that incorporated QAS exert their antimicrobial activity through a two - step interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first step is the adsorption of the bacteria on the surface as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged microorganisms and the positively charged QAS nitrogen atoms on the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second step is the disruption of the cell membranes by the penetration of the QAS long , extended alkyl chains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glargine safety , diabetes and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : In 2009 , several epidemiological studies suggested a higher frequency of malignancy in insulin glargine - treated patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of follow - up epidemiological population studies as well as two randomized , controlled clinical studies , one a 5000 - patient retinopathy study and the other a 12 , 000 - patient cardiovascular outcomes trial ( ORIGIN ) , found no higher frequency of malignancy in glargine - treated patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AREAS COVERED : We reviewed the existing literature as well as U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FDA records to investigate the association of cancer , diabetes , and insulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a 20 - 40 % higher incidence of malignancy in type 2 diabetes patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Certain cancers are more common , including hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma , colorectal cancer , renal cancer , and breast and endometrial cancer , and non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are numerous inter - related factors which may promote both diabetes and malignancy , including dietary patterns , obesity , insulin resistance , and alcoholism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who receive insulin treatment are typically older and \" sicker \" than those who receive oral agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EXPERT OPINION : It is very difficult to prove causal associations between diabetes and cancer due to the host of confounding factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia and IGF - 1 receptor activation promote cancer is strong , but confounded by the association of hyperinsulinemia with obesity , which separately promotes malignancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although statistical techniques to adjust for confounding variables can improve epidemiological comparisons , the lesson of the glargine cancer controversy is that controlled clinical trials are the only means to definitely prove hypotheses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming drug discovery and development through innovation : past , present and future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This annual meeting began in 1998 and was the first industry - led event to focus on the specific needs of industry researchers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Solutions Through Analysis ( CPSA ) is to provide an in - depth review of innovative technology and industry practices through open discussion of industry - related issues and needs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Education and specialized training are the foundation of all CPSA events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the industry has evolved so has CPSA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the year the name was changed from Chemical and Pharmaceutical Structural Analysis to CPSA was to reflect the growing focus on clinical applications and the emergence of personalized medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most importantly , the CPSA annual meeting has retained the same high - quality scientific content , open interaction from industry opinion leaders and a collegial environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Personalized medicine for targeted and platinum - based chemotherapy of lung and bladder cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The personalized medicine revolution is occurring for cancer chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomarkers are increasingly capable of distinguishing genotypic or phenotypic traits of individual tumors , and are being linked to the selection of treatment protocols .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review covers the molecular basis for biomarkers of response to targeted and cytotoxic lung and bladder cancer treatment with an emphasis on platinum - based chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platinum derivatives are a class of drugs commonly employed against solid tumors that kill cells by covalent attachment to DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platinum - DNA adduct levels in patient tissues have been correlated to response and survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity and precision of adduct detection has increased to the point of enabling subtherapeutic dosing for diagnostics applications , termed diagnostic microdosing , prior to the initiation of full - dose therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical status of this unique phenotypic marker for lung and bladder cancer applications is detailed along with discussion of future applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fbxl10 / Kdm2b recruits polycomb repressive complex 1 to CpG islands and regulates H2A ubiquitylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polycomb repressive complex 1 ( PRC1 ) catalyzes lysine 119 monoubiquitylation on H2A ( H2AK119ub1 ) and regulates pluripotency in embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanisms controlling the binding of PRC1 to genomic sites and its catalytic activity are poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that Fbxl10 interacts with Ring1B and Nspc1 , forming a noncanonical PRC1 that is required for H2AK119ub1 in mouse ESCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide analyses reveal that Fbxl10 preferentially binds to CpG islands and colocalizes with Ring1B on Polycomb target genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , Fbxl10 depletion causes a decrease in Ring1B binding to target genes and a major loss of H2AK119ub1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , genetic analyses demonstrate that Fbxl10 DNA binding capability and integration into PRC1 are required for H2AK119 ubiquitylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ESCs lacking Fbxl10 , like previously characterized Polycomb mutants , cannot differentiate properly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that Fbxl10 has a key role in regulating Ring1B recruitment to its target genes and H2AK119 ubiquitylation in ESCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncoupling of endothelial NO synthase in atherosclerosis and vascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) produced by the endothelial NO synthase ( eNOS ) is an antihypertensive , antithrombotic and anti - atherosclerotic molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypercholesterolemia leads to a reduction in vascular NO bioavailability .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is attributed to a dysfunction of the eNOS enzyme and a reduced eNOS activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NADPH oxidase - mediated oxidative stress leads to oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin ( BH4 ) , the essential cofactor of eNOS .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "tetrahydrobiopterin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "BH4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In BH4 deficiency , oxygen reduction uncouples from NO synthesis , thereby converting eNOS to a superoxide - producing enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "BH4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 6]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence of eNOS uncoupling , NO production is reduced and the pre - existing oxidative stress is enhanced , which contribute significantly to atherogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , pharmacological approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling and enhance eNOS activity are of therapeutic interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors , AT1 receptor blockers , statins , nebivolol and resveratrol have been shown to reverse eNOS uncoupling and to stimulate eNOS activity concurrently .", "entity": [{"entity": "nebivolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular mechanisms of the aforementioned drugs / compounds on eNOS functionality is summarized and discussed in this review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How sugar tunes your clock .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While cellular circadian clocks are set by the light / dark cycle , these clocks can be reset by what we eat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two papers in this issue of Cell Metabolism reveal that O - GlcNAcylation of clock proteins , which is dependent on nutrients , adjusts our circadian clock ( Kaasik et al . , 2013 ; Li et al . , 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and characterization of novel quick - release propofol prodrug via lactonization .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water - soluble derivatives of propofol have gained attention as a method to increase solubility of propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the principle of lactonization , the lead compound HX0969 was synthesized first and then the pharmacological features of HX0969 were evaluated in a comparison with those of propofol in the SD rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX0969", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "HX0969", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , HX0969 disodium phosphate monoester ( HX0969W ) and glycine ester trifluoroacetic acid salt ( HX101230 ) were synthesized , and their pharmacological features were compared with those of Lusedra (R) , which has been recognized and marketed as a water - soluble prodrug of propofol since 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX0969 disodium phosphate monoester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 42]}, {"entity": "HX0969W", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "glycine ester trifluoroacetic acid salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 98]}, {"entity": "HX101230", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "Lusedra", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that HX0969 could produce an anesthetic effect within a few seconds ( 3 . 6 +/- 3 . 0s ) and its therapeutic index was 4 . 66 in the SD rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX0969", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacodynamic characteristics of HX0969W were similar to those of the Lusedra (R) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX0969W", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "Lusedra", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HX101230 could still produce an anesthetic effect within 60s in the rats though its therapeutic index was not so high ( TI = 2 . 96 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX101230", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our study has indicated that HX0969 is a potentially useful lead compound of propofol derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "HX0969", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its rapid anesthetic effect is probably associated with lactonization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical probes of a trisubstituted pyrrole to identify its protein target ( s ) in Plasmodium sporozoites .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malaria is a disease that has a major impact in many developing nations , especially on the African continent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a need to develop new therapeutics and prophylactic treatments against it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trisubstituted pyrrole was recently found to inhibit infection of mammalian hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites , but the target of this agent is not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study trisubstituted pyrrole derivatives with different substituents on a piperidinyl nitrogen were prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "piperidinyl nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined if modifications of the piperidinyl nitrogen would accommodate a drug - biotin linking strategy for affinity purification of the trisubstituted pyrrole ' s target protein ( s ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidinyl nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 58]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth factor delivery from hydrogel particle aggregates to promote tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Local delivery of growth factors ( GFs ) can accelerate regeneration of injured tissue , but for many medical applications , injectable GF delivery systems are required for clinical success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viscoelastic , injectable aggregates of micrometer - sized hydrogel particles made of multiarmed polyethylene glycol ( starPEG ) and heparin were prepared and tested for site - specific paracrine stimulation of tissue regeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin was used as it binds , protects and releases numerous GFs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogel based delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) and murine epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) was monitored utilizing enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bFGF was released slowly because of its high affinity to the heparin while the significantly higher release of the non - specific binding EGF was controlled by diffusion only .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate GF delivery in vivo , a hydrogel loaded with murine EGF or bFGF was injected subcapsularly into the left kidney of mice with experimental acute kidney injury caused by glycerol induced rhabdomyolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visual examination confirmed sustained stability of the injected gel aggregates during the timescale of the experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of proliferating kidney tubular epithelial cells was quantified both in the injected kidney and the non - injected contralateral kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bFGF delivery from hydrogels induced a significant increase in cell proliferation in the injected kidney , although small effects were also seen in the non - injected kidney due to a systemic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EGF delivery strongly increased cell proliferation for both kidneys , but also showed a local effect on the injected kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrogel without loaded GFs was used as a control and showed no increase in cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that this novel starPEG - heparin hydrogel system can be an effective approach to deliver GFs locally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozonolysis efficiency and safety evaluation of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxin B1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ozonolysis efficiency of aflatoxin - contaminated peanuts ( ACPs ) was investigated , and the safety of ACPs untreated / treated by ozone was evaluated after 28 - day intragastrically administration in male and female Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "89 . 40 % of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) in peanuts was decomposed by ozone with a concentration of 50mg / L , flow rate of 5L / min for 60h .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxin B1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "AFB1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 60h , the ozonolysis efficiency of AFB1 was not further improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFB1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the subchronic toxicity experiment , all rats did not have unusual changes in behavior , and no signs of intoxication were observed except for several dead rats due to inappropriate gavage or anesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of subchronic toxicity indicated that rats fed on ACPs alone had significantly decreased in body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most serum biochemical indexes of rats had apparently changed compared with those in the negative control , and gender difference significantly affected most indexes of subchronic toxicity except for the ratios of organ to body weight and histopathological observation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats fed on ACPs treated by ozone showed significant beneficial health effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the results suggested that the deleterious effects of AFB1 could be highly reduced by ozone , and ozone itself did not show any toxic effects on animals in this processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFB1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevation of 4 - hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde modified protein levels in cerebral cortex with cognitive dysfunction in rats exposed to 1 - bromopropane .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - hydroxynonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "1 - bromopropane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 - Bromopropane ( 1 - BP ) , an alternative to ozone - depleting solvents ( ODS ) , exhibits central nervous system ( CNS ) toxicity in animals and humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Bromopropane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to relate CNS damage by Morris water maze ( MWM ) test and oxidative stress to 1 - BP exposure in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 ) , and treated with 0 , 200 , 400 and 800mg / kgbw 1 - BP for consecutive 12 days , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From day 8 to day 12 of the experiment , MWM test was employed to assess the cognitive function of rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cerebral cortex of rats was obtained immediately following the 24h after MWM test conclusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione ( GSH ) , oxidized glutathione ( GSSG ) and total thiol ( total - SH ) content , GSH reductase ( GR ) and GSH peroxidase ( GSH - Px ) activities , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) level , as well as 4 - hydroxynonenal ( 4 - HNE ) and MDA modified proteins in homogenates of cerebral cortex were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "oxidized glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 174]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 180]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxynonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 220]}, {"entity": "4 - HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained results showed that 1 - BP led to cognitive dysfunction of rats , which was evidenced by delayed escape latency time and swimming distances in MWM performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSH and total - SH content , GSH / GSSG ratio , GR activity significantly decreased in cerebral cortex of rats , coupling with the increase of MDA level .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - HNE and MDA modified protein levels obviously elevated after 1 - BP exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSH - Px activities in cerebral cortex of rats also increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggested that 1 - BP resulted in enhanced lipid peroxidation of brain , which might play an important role in CNS damage induced by 1 - BP .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "1 - BP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA polymerase II acts as an RNA - dependent RNA polymerase to extend and destabilize a non - coding RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA polymerase II ( Pol II ) is a well - characterized DNA - dependent RNA polymerase , which has also been reported to have RNA - dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRP ) activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural cellular RNA substrates of mammalian Pol II , however , have not been identified and the cellular function of the Pol II RdRP activity is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Pol II can use a non - coding RNA , B2 RNA , as both a substrate and a template for its RdRP activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pol II extends B2 RNA by 18 nt on its 3 ' - end in an internally templated reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RNA product resulting from extension of B2 RNA by the Pol II RdRP can be removed from Pol II by a factor present in nuclear extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of cells with alpha - amanitin or actinomycin D revealed that extension of B2 RNA by Pol II destabilizes the RNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - amanitin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies provide compelling evidence that mammalian Pol II acts as an RdRP to control the stability of a cellular RNA by extending its 3 ' - end .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of repeated dosing on rifampin exposure in BALB / c mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of novel therapeutics for the treatment of tuberculosis involves routine testing in a mouse model over four weeks of daily dosing with test compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this model , daily oral administration of rifampin ( 10mg / kg ) showed significantly lower plasma exposure on day 5 compared to day 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of PXR - mediated induction of mouse Cyp3a isoforms was confirmed in the present study by incubating liver microsomes prepared from control and rifampin treated mice with probe substrates of CYP3A .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test whether the reduction in exposure was due to Pgp - mediated efflux , verapamil , a known Pgp inhibitor , was dosed to the rifampin pre - treated mice which led to an increase in exposure to that obtained after a single dose of rifampin , suggesting the role of Pgp induction in reducing exposure to rifampin .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 243]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further confirm Pgp induction in rifampin treated mice , digoxin , a known substrate of Pgp , was administered to the rifampin pre - treated mice , and a significant drop in the digoxin exposure was observed compared to the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , our results show that repeated administration of rifampin in mice leads to a reduction in oral exposure due to induction of Pgp - mediated efflux of rifampin , and not via induction of CYP3A isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mini - review : Foldosome regulation of androgen receptor action in prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroid hormone receptors play diverse roles in many aspects of human physiology including cell division , apoptosis and homeostasis , tissue differentiation , sexual development and response to stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ligand - activated transcription factors require the functional activity of numerous chaperone and chaperone - associated proteins , collectively termed the foldosome , at the crucial step of ligand recognition and binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the initial isolation of foldosome components and pioneering research by Pratt , Toft and colleagues we understand much regarding cytosolic receptor function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The classical view , that the role of foldosome components is restricted to the cytosol , has been modified over recent years by research highlighting additional roles of chaperone proteins in nuclear translocation and target gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , dysregulation of chaperone activity and expression has been implicated in various cancers , including breast and prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the foldosome provides an attractive therapeutic target in steroid hormone receptor - driven malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarises current knowledge of how the foldosome impacts upon androgen receptor signalling , which is the key therapeutic target on prostate cancer , and how foldosome components may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in this disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interspecies extrapolation based on the RepDose database - - a probabilistic approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated dose toxicity studies from the RepDose database ( DB ) were used to determine interspecies differences for rats and mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NOEL ( no observed effect level ) ratios based on systemic effects were investigated for three different types of exposure : inhalation , oral food / drinking water and oral gavage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , NOEL ratios for local effects in inhalation studies were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the NOEL ratio distributions , interspecies assessment factors ( AF ) are evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All data sets were best described by a lognormal distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No difference was seen between inhalation and oral exposure for systemic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats and mice were on average equally sensitive at equipotent doses with geometric mean ( GM ) values of 1 and geometric standard deviation ( GSD ) values ranging from 2 . 30 to 3 . 08 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local AF based on inhalation exposure resulted in a similar distribution with GM values of 1 and GSD values between 2 . 53 and 2 . 70 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis confirms former analyses on interspecies differences , including also dog and human data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore it supports the principle of allometric scaling according to caloric demand in the case that body doses are applied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , an interspecies distribution animal / human with a GM equal to allometric scaling and a GSD of 2 . 5 was derived .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular dissection of botulinum neurotoxin reveals interdomain chaperone function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin ( BoNT ) is a multi - domain protein made up of the approximately 100 kDa heavy chain ( HC ) and the approximately 50 kDa light chain ( LC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HC can be further subdivided into two halves : the N - terminal translocation domain ( TD ) and the C - terminal Receptor Binding Domain ( RBD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 56]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the minimal requirements for channel activity and LC translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilize a cellular protection assay and a single channel / single molecule LC translocation assay to characterize in real time the channel and chaperone activities of BoNT / A truncation constructs in Neuro 2A cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unstructured , elongated belt region of the TD is demonstrated to be dispensable for channel activity , although may be required for productive LC translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the RBD is not necessary for channel activity or LC translocation , however it dictates the pH threshold of channel insertion into the membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that each domain functions as a chaperone for the others in addition to their individual functions , working in concert to achieve productive intoxication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photochemical activation of TRPA1 channels in neurons and animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optogenetics is a powerful research tool because it enables high - resolution optical control of neuronal activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , current optogenetic approaches are limited to transgenic systems expressing microbial opsins and other exogenous photoreceptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify optovin , a small molecule that enables repeated photoactivation of motor behaviors in wild - type zebrafish and mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "optovin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our surprise , optovin ' s behavioral effects are not visually mediated .", "entity": [{"entity": "optovin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather , photodetection is performed by sensory neurons expressing the cation channel TRPA1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRPA1 is both necessary and sufficient for the optovin response .", "entity": [{"entity": "optovin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optovin activates human TRPA1 via structure - dependent photochemical reactions with redox - sensitive cysteine residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optovin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animals with severed spinal cords , optovin treatment enables control of motor activity in the paralyzed extremities by localized illumination .", "entity": [{"entity": "optovin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies identify a light - based strategy for controlling endogenous TRPA1 receptors in vivo , with potential clinical and research applications in nontransgenic animals , including humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overcoming chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer cells by liposomal cisplatin : molecular mechanisms unveiled by gene expression profiling .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously we reported that liposomal cisplatin ( CDDP ) overcomes CDDP resistance of ovarian A2780cis cancer cells ( Krieger et al . , Int . J . Pharm . 389 , 2010 , 10 - 17 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we find that the cytotoxic activity of liposomal CDDP is not associated with detectable DNA platination in resistant ovarian cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that the mode of action of liposomal CDDP is different from the free drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain insight into mechanisms of liposomal CDDP activity , we performed a transcriptome analysis of untreated A2780cis cells , and A2780cis cells in response to exposure with IC50 values of free or liposomal CDDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A process network analysis of upregulated genes showed that liposomal CDDP induced a highly different gene expression profile in comparison to the free drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 was identified as a key player directing transcriptional responses to free or liposomal CDDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The free drug induced expression of essential genes of the intrinsic ( mitochondrial ) apoptosis pathway ( BAX , BID , CASP9 ) most likely through p38MAPK activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , liposomal CDDP induced expression of genes from DNA damage pathways and several genes of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis ( TNFRSF10B - DR5 , CD70 - TNFSF7 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It thus appears that liposomal CDDP overcomes CDDP resistance by inducing DNA damage and in consequence programmed cell death by the extrinsic pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predictions from gene expression data with respect to apoptosis activation were confirmed at the protein level by an apoptosis antibody array .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sheds new light on liposomal drug carrier approaches in cancer and suggests liposomal CDDP as promising strategy for the treatment of CDDP resistant ovarian carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of Codium fragile against UVB - induced pro - inflammatory and oxidative damages in HaCaT cells and BALB / c mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation causes pro - inflammatory responses via diverse mechanisms including oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Codium fragile is a green alga of Codiales family and has been reported to exhibit anti - edema , anti - allergic , anti - protozoal and anti - mycobacterial activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have investigated a novel anti - inflammatory potential of C . fragile using in vitro cell culture as well as in vivo animal models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HaCaT cells , buthanol and ethylacetate fractions of 80 % methanol C . fragile extract ( CFB or CFE ) and a single compound , clerosterol ( CLS ) isolated from CFE attenuated UVB ( 60mJ / cm ( 2 ) ) - induced cytotoxicity and reduced expression of pro - inflammatory proteins including cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , and tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "buthanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "ethylacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "clerosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "CLS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 344]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , CFB , CFE and CLS effectively suppressed UVB - induced production of pro - inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) and nitric oxide ( NO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In another experiment , topical application of CFB , CFE or CLS prior to UVB irradiation ( 200mJ / cm ( 2 ) ) on BALB / c mice , inhibited the UVB - elevated protein levels of COX - 2 , iNOS , and TNF - alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CFB , CFE and CLS suppressed oxidative damages caused by UVB irradiation for example lipid peroxidation and / or protein carbonylation , which seemed to be mediated by up - regulation of antioxidant defense enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that C . fragile could be an effective therapeutic agent providing protection against UVB - induced inflammatory and oxidative skin damages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of organic anion - transporting polypeptides in the hepatic uptake of dioscin in rats and humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying hepatic uptake of dioscin ( diosgenyl 2 , 4 - di - O - a - L - rhamnopyranosyl - p - D - glucopyranoside ) , an herbal ingredient with antihepatitis activity , in rats and humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "diosgenyl 2 , 4 - di - O - a - L - rhamnopyranosyl - p - D - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liver uptake index ( LUI ) in vivo , perfused rat liver in situ , rat liver slices , isolated rat hepatocytes , and human organic anion - transporting polypeptide ( OATP ) - transfected cells in vitro were used to evaluate hepatic uptake of dioscin .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Values of 11 . 9 % +/- 1 . 6 % and 15 . 0 % +/- 0 . 9 % of dose for uptake of dioscin were observed by LUI in vivo and perfused rat livers in situ , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time course of dioscin uptake by rat liver slices was temperature - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of dioscin by rat liver slices and isolated rat hepatocytes was inhibited significantly by Oatp modulators , such as ibuprofen ( Oatp1a1 inhibitor ) , digoxin ( Oatp1a4 substrate ) , and glycyrrhizic acid ( Oatp1b2 inhibitor ) , but not by TEA or p - aminohippurate .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "glycyrrhizic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 211]}, {"entity": "TEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 250]}, {"entity": "p - aminohippurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of dioscin in rat hepatocytes and OATP1B3 - human embryonic kidney ( HEK ) 293 cells indicated a saturable process with a Km of 3 . 75 +/- 0 . 51 mu M and 2 . 08 +/- 0 . 27 mu M , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( - ) - Epigallocatechin gallate , cyclosporin A , rifampicin , and telmisartan inhibited transport of dioscin in OATP1B3 - HEK293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - Epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , transcellular transport of dioscin in OATP1B1 - or OATP1B1 / multidrug resistance - associated protein 2 - Madin - Darby canine kidney strain II cells was not observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that hepatic uptake of dioscin is involved in OATP1B3 in humans , and multiple Oatps might participate in this process in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of PcaV from Streptomyces coelicolor yields new insights into ligand - responsive MarR family transcription factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MarR family proteins constitute a group of > 12 000 transcriptional regulators encoded in bacterial and archaeal genomes that control gene expression in metabolism , stress responses , virulence and multi - drug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is much interest in defining the molecular mechanism by which ligand binding attenuates the DNA - binding activities of these proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe how PcaV , a MarR family regulator in Streptomyces coelicolor , controls transcription of genes encoding beta - ketoadipate pathway enzymes through its interaction with the pathway substrate , protocatechuate .", "entity": [{"entity": "protocatechuate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This transcriptional repressor is the only MarR protein known to regulate this essential pathway for aromatic catabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In in vitro assays , protocatechuate and other phenolic compounds disrupt the PcaV - DNA complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "protocatechuate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that PcaV binds protocatechuate in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry with the highest affinity of any MarR family member .", "entity": [{"entity": "protocatechuate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we report structures of PcaV in its apo form and in complex with protocatechuate .", "entity": [{"entity": "protocatechuate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identify an arginine residue that is critical for ligand coordination and demonstrate that it is also required for binding DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that interaction of ligand with this arginine residue dictates conformational changes that modulate DNA binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which ligands attenuate DNA binding in this large family of transcription factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arylamine organic dyes for dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arylamine organic dyes with donor ( D ) , pi - bridge ( pi ) and acceptor ( A ) moieties for dye - sensitized solar cells ( DSCs ) have received great attention in the last decade because of their high molar absorption coefficient , low cost and structural variety .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early stages , the efficiency of DSCs with arylamine organic dyes with D - pi - A character was far behind that of DSCs with ruthenium ( II ) complexes partly due to the lack of information about the relationship between the chemical structures and the photovoltaic performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "ruthenium ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , exciting progress has been recently made , and power conversion efficiencies over 10 % were obtained for DSCs with arylamine organic dyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is thus that the recent research and development in the field of arylamine organic dyes employing an iodide / triiodide redox couple or polypyridyl cobalt redox shuttles as the electrolytes for either DSCs or solid - state DSCs has been summarized .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "triiodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "polypyridyl cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell performance of the arylamine organic dyes are compared , providing a comprehensive overview of arylamine organic dyes , demonstrating the advantages / disadvantages of each class , and pointing out the field that needs to reinforce the research direction in the further application of DSCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "arylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired cliff avoidance reaction in dopamine transporter knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Impulsivity is a key feature of disorders that include attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cliff avoidance reaction ( CAR ) assesses maladaptive impulsive rodent behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dopamine transporter knockout ( DAT - KO ) mice display features of ADHD and are candidates in which to test other impulsive phenotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Impulsivity of DAT - KO mice was assessed in the CAR paradigm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For comparison , attentional deficits were also assessed in prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) in which DAT - KO mice have been shown to exhibit impaired sensorimotor gating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : DAT - KO mice exhibited a profound CAR impairment compared to wild - type ( WT ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , DAT - KO mice showed PPI deficits compared to WT mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the DAT - KO mice with the most impaired CAR exhibited the most severe PPI deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with methylphenidate or nisoxetine ameliorated CAR impairments in DAT - KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "nisoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results suggest that DAT - KO mice exhibit impulsive CAR behavior that correlates with their PPI deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of monoamine transporters , especially the norepinephrine transporter ( NET ) in the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) , may contribute to pharmacological improvement of impulsivity in these mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atypical antipsychotic risperidone reverses the recognition memory deficits induced by post - weaning social isolation in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Rearing rats in isolation from weaning is an established preclinical neurodevelopmental model which induces behavioural deficits with apparent translational relevance to some core symptoms of schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study evaluated the ability of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone to reverse behavioural deficits induced by post - weaning social isolation of rat pups and to further characterise the predictive validity of this model .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Forty - five male Lister hooded rats were housed in groups of 3 - 4 ( n = 16 ) or singly ( n = 29 ) for 4 weeks immediately after weaning on postnatal day ( PND ) 22 - 24 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On PND 51 , novel cage - induced locomotor activity ( LMA ) was assessed to subdivide rats into groups balanced for behavioural response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On PNDs 58 , 59 , 65 and 72 , rats received either vehicle ( 1 ml / kg ; i . p . ) or risperidone ( 0 . 2 or 0 . 5 mg / kg ; i . p . ) 30 min prior to testing in LMA , novel object discrimination ( NOD ) , prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) of acoustic startle and conditioned emotional response ( CER ) learning paradigms , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Isolation rearing had no effect on PPI , but produced LMA hyperactivity and impaired NOD and CER compared to group - housed controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risperidone caused a dose - dependent reduction in LMA , irrespective of rearing condition , but selectively reversed the NOD deficit in isolation - reared rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risperidone did not reverse the isolation rearing - induced CER deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Similar to its clinical profile , risperidone only partially reverses the schizophrenic symptomology ; since it reversed some , but not all , of the learning and memory deficits induced by post - weaning isolation , the isolation rearing model may be useful to predict antipsychotic activity of novel therapeutic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired function of prejunctional adenosine A1 receptors expressed by perivascular sympathetic nerves in DOCA - salt hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased sympathetic nervous system activity contributes to deoxycorticosterone acetate ( DOCA ) - salt hypertension in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxycorticosterone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 88]}, {"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP and norepinephrine ( NE ) are coreleased from perivascular sympathetic nerves .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NE acts at prejunctional alpha 2 - adrenergic receptors ( alpha 2ARs ) to inhibit NE release , and alpha 2AR function is impaired in DOCA - salt rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine , an enzymatic ATP degradation product , acts at prejunctional A1 adenosine receptors ( A1Rs ) to inhibit NE release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the hypothesis that prejunctional A1R function is impaired in sympathetic nerves supplying mesenteric arteries ( MAs ) and veins ( MVs ) of DOCA - salt rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically evoked NE release and constrictions of blood vessels were studied in vitro with use of amperometry to measure NE oxidation currents and video microscopy , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical methods were used to localize tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) and A1Rs in perivascular sympathetic nerves .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TH and A1Rs colocalized to perivascular sympathetic nerves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine and N ( 6 ) - cyclopentyl - adenosine ( CPA , A1R agonist ) constricted MVs but not MAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "N ( 6 ) - cyclopentyl - adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 47]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine and CPA ( 0 . 001 - 10 micro M ) inhibited neurogenic constrictions and NE release in MAs and MVs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DOCA - salt arteries were resistant to adenosine and CPA - mediated inhibition of NE release and constriction .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A2A adenosine receptor agonist CGS21680 ( C23H29N7O6 . HCl . xH2O ) ( 0 . 001 - 0 . 1 mu M ) did not alter NE oxidation currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "CGS21680", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "C23H29N7O6 . HCl . xH2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that there are prejunctional A1Rs in arteries and both pre - and postjunctional A1Rs in veins ; thus , adenosine selectively constricts the veins .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prejunctional A1R function is impaired in arteries , but not veins , from DOCA - salt rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sympathetic autoreceptor dysfunction is not specific to alpha 2ARs , but there is a more general disruption of prejunctional mechanisms controlling sympathetic neurotransmitter release in DOCA - salt hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperature Effects of Sputtering of Langmuir - Blodgett Multilayers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - of - flight secondary ion mass spectrometry ( TOF - SIMS ) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) are employed to characterize a wedge - shaped crater eroded by a 40 keV C ( 60 ) ( + ) cluster ion beam on an organic thin film of 402 nm of barium arachidate ( AA ) multilayers prepared by the Langmuir - Blodgett ( LB ) technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "C ( 60 ) ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 188]}, {"entity": "barium arachidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sample cooling to 90 K was used to help reduce chemical damage , improve depth resolution and maintain constant erosion rate during depth profiling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film was characterized at 90 K , 135 K , 165 K , 205 K , 265 K and 300 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that sample cooling to 205 K or lower helps to inhibit erosion rate decay , whereas at 300 K and 265 K the erosion rate continues to drop after 250 nm of erosion , reaching about half of the initial value after removal of the entire film .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depth profiles are acquired from the SIMS images of the eroded wedge crater .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that sample cooling only slightly improves the altered layer thickness , but eliminates the decrease in erosion rate observed above 265 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipid Efflux Mediated by Alkylphospholipids in HepG2 Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitumoural alkylphospholipid ( APL ) analogues alter cholesterol homoeostasis in HepG2 cells by interfering with cholesterol transport from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) and at the same time stimulating the release of considerable quantities of membrane cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The capacity of APLs to stimulate cholesterol efflux is suppressed when cells are incubated simultaneously with APLs and serum whilst the inhibition of cholesterol transport to the ER ( measured in terms of the synthesis of esterified cholesterol ) persists , indicating that both effects are independent of each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "esterified cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , our results suggest that both raft and non - raft membrane domains contribute to the cholesterol released to APLs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a marked efflux of choline - bearing phospholipids ( phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) and sphingomyelins ( SM ) ) was found to be related to this release of cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "sphingomyelins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we observed that APL micelles composed of cholesterol might act as donor / acceptor cholesterol systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the findings of this study clearly demonstrate that antitumoural APLs act as extracellular acceptors , stimulating cholesterol and phospholipid efflux , although they may also play a role as cholesterol donors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin and sex steroids levels in congenital lifetime isolated GH deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth hormone ( GH ) and prolactin share similarities in structure and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that women with congenital isolated GH deficiency ( IGHD ) caused by a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene ( GHRHR ) ( MUT / MUT ) have a short reproductive life , with anticipated climacteric .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At climacteric , they have lower prolactin levels than normal controls ( N / N ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because they are able to breast feed , we hypothesized that this prolactin reduction is limited to climacteric , as result of lower estradiol exposure of the lactotrophs .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purposes of this work were to assess prolactin levels in broader age adults homozygous and heterozygous ( MUT / N ) for the mutation and in normal controls ( N / N ) , and to correlate them to sex steroids levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We enrolled 24 GH - na i ve MUT / MUT ( 12 female ) , 25 MUT / N ( 14 female ) , and 25 N / N ( 11 female ) subjects , aged 25 - 65 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthropometric data and serum prolactin , estradiol , total testosterone , and sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG ) were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free testosterone was calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin levels were similar in the three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In males , testosterone and SHBG levels were higher in MUT / MUT in comparison to N / N .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in free testosterone among groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all 74 individuals , prolactin correlated inversely with age ( p < 0 . 0001 ) and directly with serum estradiol ( p = 0 . 018 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin levels in subjects with IGHD due to a homozygous GHRHR mutation are similar to heterozygous and normal homozygous , but total testosterone and SHBG are higher in male MUT / MUT , with no difference in free testosterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced prolactin level is limited to climacteric period , possibly due to reduced estrogen exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium / sulfur batteries with high specific energy : old challenges and new opportunities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we begin with a brief discussion of the operating principles and scientific / technical challenges faced by the development of lithium / sulfur cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then introduce some recent progress in exploring cathodes , anodes , and electrolytes for lithium / sulfur cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , several effective strategies used to enhance energy / power density , obtain good efficiencies , and prolong cycle life will be highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also discuss recent advancements in techniques for investigating electrode reactions in real time and monitoring structural / morphological changes of electrode materials under cell operating conditions to gain a better understanding of the mechanistic details of electrode processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the opportunities and perspective for future research directions will be discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monitoring of deiodinase deficiency based on transcriptomic responses in SH - SY5Y cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodothyronine deiodinase types I , II , and III ( D1 , D2 , and D3 , respectively ) , which constitute a family of selenoenzymes , activate and inactivate thyroid hormones through the removal of specific iodine moieties from thyroxine and its derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iodothyronine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 210]}, {"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These enzymes are important in the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of activating and inactivating deiodinases plays a critical role in a number of cell systems , including the neuronal system , during development as well as in adult vertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate deiodinase - disrupting chemicals based on transcriptomic responses , we examined differences in gene expression profiles between T3 - treated and deiodinase - knockdown SH - SY5Y cells using microarray analysis and quantitative real - time RT - PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 1 , 558 genes , consisting of 755 upregulated and 803 downregulated genes , were differentially expressed between the T3 - treated and deiodinase - knockdown cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression levels of 10 of these genes ( ID2 , ID3 , CCL2 , TBX3 , TGOLN2 , C1orf71 , ZNF676 , GULP1 , KLF9 , and ITGB5 ) were altered by deiodinase - disrupting chemicals ( 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin , polychlorinated biphenyls , propylthiouracil , iodoacetic acid , methylmercury , beta - estradiol , methimazole , 3 - methylcholanthrene , aminotriazole , amiodarone , cadmium chloride , dimethoate , fenvalerate , octylmethoxycinnamate , iopanoic acid , methoxychlor , and 4 - methylbenzylidene - camphor ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 225]}, {"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 253]}, {"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 272]}, {"entity": "iodoacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 290]}, {"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 306]}, {"entity": "beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 325]}, {"entity": "methimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [328, 339]}, {"entity": "3 - methylcholanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [342, 364]}, {"entity": "aminotriazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 380]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [383, 393]}, {"entity": "cadmium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [396, 412]}, {"entity": "dimethoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [415, 425]}, {"entity": "fenvalerate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [428, 439]}, {"entity": "octylmethoxycinnamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [442, 463]}, {"entity": "iopanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [466, 479]}, {"entity": "methoxychlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [482, 494]}, {"entity": "4 - methylbenzylidene - camphor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [501, 532]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These genes are potential biomarkers for detecting deiodinase deficiency and predicting their effects on thyroid hormone production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of pretibial myxedema with dexamethazone injected subcutaneously by mesotherapy needles .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretibial myxedema ( PTM ) is a rare extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves ' disease that requires treatment when the clinical picture is markedly evident .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to topical treatment with steroid ointments , there have been previous reports of subcutaneous injections of steroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This procedure may cause nodular degeneration of the skin due to fat atrophy when standard needles are used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we have tried a novel modality of treatment of PTM by injecting a solution of dexamethasone in the subcutaneous tissue using needles employed for mesotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These needles are <= 4 mm long and deliver the medication within the dermis or the first layer of the subcutaneous fat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have treated five patients , four with diffuse and one with elephanthiasic PTM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilized multiple injections of a solution of dexamethasone , lidocaine , and saline in the PTM plaque and in the pretibial area , both in the PTM plaque and in the area surrounding the lesions , once a week for three consecutive weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients with a more severe form of PTM underwent another two cycles four to six weeks after initial treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were studied before and after treatment by clinical assessment and ultrasound of the pretibial skin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment was well - tolerated , with only moderate pain upon injection of the solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One month after treatment , all patients showed improvement of PTM at clinical assessment and a reduction of the thickness of the lesions at ultrasound of ~ 15 % , involving mostly the dermis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , all patients reported amelioration of the leg appearance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study , although preliminary , shows that intralesion steroid injection with mesotherapy needles in PTM is effective and well tolerated , and does not cause undesired long - term modifications of the skin .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More studies are warranted to standardize such treatment in larger groups of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicting temperature - dependent solid vapor pressures of explosives and related compounds using a quantum mechanical continuum solvation model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperature - dependent vapor pressures of solid explosives and their byproducts are calculated to an accuracy of 0 . 32 log units using a modified form of the conductor - like screening model for real solvents ( COSMO - RS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accurate predictions for solids within COSMO - RS require correction for the free energy of fusion as well as other effects such as van der Waals interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited experimental data on explosives is available to determine these corrections , and thus we have extended the COSMO - RS model by introducing a quantitative structure - property relationship to estimate a lumped correction factor using only information from standard quantum chemistry calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This modification improves the COSMO - RS estimate of ambient vapor pressure by more than 1 order of magnitude for a range of nitrogen - rich explosives and their derivatives , bringing the theoretical predictions to within typical experimental error bars for vapor pressure measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estimated temperature dependence of these vapor pressures also agrees well with available experimental data , which is particularly important for estimating environmental transport and gas evolution for buried explosives or environmentally contaminated locations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This technique is then used to predict vapor pressures for a number of explosives and degradation products for which experimental data is not readily available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inductive tuning of Fano - resonant metasurfaces using plasmonic response of graphene in the mid - infrared .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene is widely known for its anomalously strong broadband optical absorptivity of 2 . 3 % that enables seeing its single - atom layer with the naked eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the mid - infrared part of the spectrum graphene represents a quintessential lossless zero - volume plasmonic material .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We experimentally demonstrate that , when integrated with Fano - resonant plasmonic metasurfaces , single - layer graphene ( SLG ) can be used to tune their mid - infrared optical response .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLG ' s plasmonic response is shown to induce large blue shifts of the metasurface ' s resonance without reducing its spectral sharpness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect is explained by a generalized perturbation theory of SLG - metamaterial interaction that accounts for two unique properties of the SLG that set it apart from all other plasmonic materials : its anisotropic response and zero volume .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results pave the way to using gated SLG as a platform for dynamical spectral tuning of infrared metamaterials and metasurfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SiO2 @ Au core - shell nanospheres self - assemble to form colloidal crystals that can be sintered and surface modified to produce pH - controlled membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prepared colloidal crystals by self - assembly of gold - coated silica nanospheres , and free - standing nanoporous membranes by sintering these colloidal crystals .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We modified the nanopore surface with ionizable functional groups , by forming a monolayer of L - cysteine or by surface - initiated polymerization of methacrylic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "methacrylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusion experiments for the cationic dye Rhodamine B through L - cysteine - modified membranes showed a decrease in flux upon addition of an acid due to the nanopore surface becoming positively charged .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhodamine B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "L - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffusion experiments for the neutral dye , ferrocenecarboxaldehyde , through the PMAA - modified membranes showed a 13 - fold increase in flux upon addition of an acid resulting from the protonated polymer collapsing onto the nanopore surface leading to larger pore size .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferrocenecarboxaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 67]}, {"entity": "PMAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that SiO2 @ Au core - shell nanospheres can self - assemble into colloidal crystals and that transport through the corresponding surface - modified Au - coated colloidal membranes can be controlled by pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mexican antidiabetic herbs : valuable sources of inhibitors of alpha - glucosidases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II - diabetes mellitus ( TII - DM ) has been regarded as one of the most important public health problems in all nations in the 21st century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although allopathic therapies remain the most important for the initial management of TII - DM , herbal remedies have gained wide acceptance for treating this condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alternative therapies are particularly valued in countries such as Mexico , rich in medicinal plants strongly attached to the cultural values of the population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medicinal plants are prized sources of alpha - glucosidase inhibitors , which delay the liberation of glucose from complex carbohydrates , retarding glucose absorption , and thus controlling the characteristic hyperglycemia of TII - DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 136]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the plant species used for treating diabetes in Mexico only 38 have been analyzed for their inhibitory activity of alpha - glucosidases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these studies , reviewed in the present work , have focused on the evaluation of different types of extracts on the activity of alpha - glucosidases from diverse sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four species have been thoroughly analyzed in order to discover novel alpha - glucosidase inhibitors , namely , Hintonia latiflora and Hintonia standleyana ( Rubiaceae ) , Ligusticum porteri ( Apiaceae ) , and Brickellia cavanillesii ( Asteraceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their ethnomedical uses , pharmacological and toxicological studies , chemical composition , and antihyperglycemic principles with alpha - glucosidase inhibitory activity are summarized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lessons in microcapsule assembly from imaging delivery of a bioluminescent enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Layer - by - layer assembled microcapsules have potential applications as delivery and biosensing systems , which make them attractive tools for use in various aspects of nanomedicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the effect of microcapsule location on activity of the bioluminescent enzyme luciferase in both intact capsules and following cell uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In intact capsules , the rate of reaction of luciferase was greatest for luciferase in the outer layer and least in the core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following cell uptake , luciferase in the outer layer was rapidly reactive , and a similar rate of reaction and activity was observed for luciferase placed in capsule interior ( core ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , there was minimal activity detected when microcapsules with luciferase sandwiched between polyelectrolytes in a middle layer were delivered to cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study informs us of the availability of bioactive molecules located in different positions within microcapsules and will enable better microcapsule construction in line with the intended application , particularly delivery of functional proteins to cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetoelectric control of superparamagnetism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate electric - field induced magnetic anisotropy in a multiferroic composite containing nickel nanocrystals strain coupled to a piezoelectric substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system can be switched between a superparamagnetic state and a single - domain ferromagnetic state at room temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanocrystals show a shift in the blocking temperature of 40 K upon electric poling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We believe this is the first example of a system where an electric field can be used to switch on and off a permanent magnetic moment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily physical activity assessment with accelerometers : new insights and validation studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The field of application of accelerometry is diverse and ever expanding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because by definition all physical activities lead to energy expenditure , the doubly labelled water ( DLW ) method as gold standard to assess total energy expenditure over longer periods of time is the method of choice to validate accelerometers in their ability to assess daily physical activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic overview of all recent ( 2007 - 2011 ) accelerometer validation studies using DLW as the reference .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PubMed Central database was searched using the following keywords : doubly or double labelled or labeled water in combination with accelerometer , accelerometry , motion sensor , or activity monitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits were set to include articles from 2007 to 2011 , as earlier publications were covered in a previous review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 38 articles were identified , of which 25 were selected to contain sufficient new data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighteen different accelerometers were validated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a large variability in accelerometer output and their validity to assess daily physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity type recognition has great potential to improve the assessment of physical activity - related health outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , there is little evidence that adding other physiological measures such as heart rate significantly improves the estimation of energy expenditure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased PD - 1 on CD4 ( + ) CD28 ( - ) T cell and soluble PD - 1 ligand - 1 in patients with T2DM : Association with atherosclerotic macrovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To study the role of the programmed death - 1 ( PD - 1 ) / programmed death - 1 ligand 1 ( PD - L1 ) coinhibitory pathway in regulating CD4 ( + ) CD28 ( - ) T cells , and to explore the association of soluble PD - L1 ( sPD - L1 ) in the development of T2DM with atherosclerotic macrovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The percentage of CD4 ( + ) CD28 ( - ) T lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) and the expression of PD - 1 / PD - L1 on lymphocytes were analyzed by immunostaining and flow cytometry , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum levels of sPD - L1 and IFN - gamma were determined by ELISA system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T cell proliferation was determined by cocultivation and WST - 8 incorporation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In 125 T2DM patients and 48 healthy donors , CD4 ( + ) CD28 ( - ) T cells from patients with T2DM expressed higher PD - 1 than that of the cells from healthy individuals , and the proliferation response of CD4 ( + ) CD28 ( - ) T cells could be enhanced by advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of sPD - L1 in patients were also much higher than those of healthy donors , and the increase was displayed in an exacerbation - dependent manner in the T2DM with atherosclerotic macrovascular patients especially with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of sPD - L1 was significantly positively correlated with the level of IFN - gamma and could enhance T cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Both the upregulation of PD - 1 and the increase of sPD - L1 were closely associated with the severity of diabetic atherosclerotic macrovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sPD - L1 may contribute to the continuous T cell activation and development of diabetic macrovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanidino analogues of roscovitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanidino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "roscovitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 2 , 9 - substituted 6 - guanidinopurines , structurally related to the cyclin - dependent kinase ( CDK ) inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine , has been synthesized and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 9 - substituted 6 - guanidinopurines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 52]}, {"entity": "olomoucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}, {"entity": "roscovitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new copper - catalyzed method for the synthesis of 2 - substituted 6 - guanidino - 9 - isopropylpurines under mild reaction conditions has been developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "2 - substituted 6 - guanidino - 9 - isopropylpurines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All prepared compounds were screened for their CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitory activities , cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects in the breast cancer - derived cell line MCF7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active derivative 16g possessed an identical side chain in the C2 position to roscovitine ; this compound displayed approximately five fold higher inhibitory activity towards CDK2 / cyclin E and more than ten fold increase in cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "roscovitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly and in contrast to previously described findings , ( S ) - 6 - guanidinopurine derivatives were generally more active than their ( R ) - counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - 6 - guanidinopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinase selectivity profiling of ( R ) - and ( S ) - enantiomers 16e and 16g , respectively , revealed that introduction of a guanidino group at the C6 position of the purine moiety decreased selectivity towards protein kinases compared to roscovitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanidino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "purine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "roscovitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , increased inhibitory activity and decreased selectivity offer a good starting point for further development of new protein kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agmatine attenuates acquisition but not the expression of ethanol conditioned place preference in mice : a role for imidazoline receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "imidazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the effect of agmatine on acquisition and expression of ethanol conditioned place preference ( CPP ) and its modulation by imidazoline agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "imidazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swiss albino mice were treated intraperitoneally with saline or agmatine ( 20 - 40 mg / kg ) before injection of ethanol ( 1 . 25 mg / kg ) during conditioning days or on a test day ( 20 - 120 mg / kg ) , to observe the effect on acquisition or expression of CPP , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agmatine inhibited the acquisition but not the expression of ethanol CPP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , both the I ( 1 ) receptor antagonist , efaroxan ( 9 mg / kg ) and the I ( 2 ) receptor antagonist , BU224 ( 5 mg / kg ) attenuated the agmatine - induced inhibition of the ethanol CPP acquisition .", "entity": [{"entity": "efaroxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "BU224", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the I ( 2 ) receptor agonist , 2 - BFI ( 5 mg / kg ) and I ( 1 ) receptor agonist , moxonidine ( 0 . 4 mg / kg ) alone , or a combination of their subeffective doses , significantly attenuated the effect of agmatine ( 20 mg / kg ) on acquisition of ethanol CPP .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - BFI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "moxonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 229]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agmatine or imidazoline agents alone produced neither place preference nor aversion , and at the doses used in the present study did not affect locomotor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "imidazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , agmatine attenuates the acquisition of ethanol CPP at least in part by imidazoline ( I ( 1 ) or I ( 2 ) ) receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "imidazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In future studies , agmatine or agents acting at the imidazoline receptors could be explored for their therapeutic potential in ethanol dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "agmatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "imidazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical effect of polarization on the dynamical structure of guanine quadruplex DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guanine quadruplex DNA ( G - DNA ) , found in eukaryotic telomeres and recently in non - telomeric genomic DNA , plays important biological roles and their structures are being explored as potential targets for therapeutic intervention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the quadruplex structure of G - DNA is stabilized by cations , electrostatic interaction is expected to play important roles in the dynamical structure of G - DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In current work , MD simulation was carried out to study the dynamical structure of a special G - DNA ( with sequence d ( G ( 4 ) T ( 4 ) G ( 4 ) ) ) complexed with five K ( + ) ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to properly include polarization in MD simulation , a new set of polarized nucleic acid specific charge based on fragment quantum chemistry calculation was developed for G - DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study showed that polarization of the nucleobases by K ( + ) enhanced electrostatic attraction between the base and ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleobases", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This increased attractive interaction is critical to stabilizing the stem - loop junction ions in G - DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without this polarization effect , as in MD simulation using a standard ( nonpolarizable ) force field , the top and bottom cations escaped into the solvent within just a few nanoseconds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , an incorrect bifurcated bonding geometry of G - DNA , found in previous MD simulation study under a standard force field but not observed in experiments , disappeared in the present stimulation using the new polarized force field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study bridged an important gap between the simulation study and experimental observation on the dynamical structure of G - DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemically - synthesised , atomically - precise gold clusters deposited and activated on titania .", "entity": [{"entity": "titania", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synchrotron XPS was used to investigate a series of chemically - synthesised , atomically - precise gold clusters Au ( n ) ( PPh ( 3 ) ) ( y ) ( n = 8 , 9 , 11 and 101 , with y depending on cluster size ) immobilized on titania nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( n ) ( PPh ( 3 ) ) ( y )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 142]}, {"entity": "titania", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gold clusters were washed with toluene at 100 degrees C or calcined at 200 degrees C to remove the organic ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the position of the Au 4f ( 7 / 2 ) peak it is concluded that cluster size is not altered through the deposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the analysis of the phosphorous spectra , it can be concluded that the applied heat treatment removes the organic ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Washing and calcination leads to partial oxidation and partial agglomeration of the clusters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of the clusters is most likely due to the interaction of the cluster core with the oxygen of the titania surface after removal of ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "titania", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The position of the Au 4f ( 7 / 2 ) peak indicates that the size of the agglomerated clusters is still smaller than that of Au ( 101 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "Au ( 101 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic modeling to assist dosing schedule selection for dovitinib .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dovitinib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor with potent activity against receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor , platelet - derived growth factor , and basic fibroblast growth factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial phase 1 to 2 studies of dovitinib using a continuous daily dosing schedule has shown that dovitinib exhibits a prolonged and overproportional increase in dose and exposure relationship above 400 mg / d .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this , intermittent dosing schedules were explored using a model - based approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A semi - mechanistic population pharmcokinetic / pharmacodynamic ( PD ) model was developed from 4 dovitinib phase 1 studies with daily dosing schedules .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autoinduction of cytochrome P450 1A ( CYP1A ) responsible for dovitinib metabolism was described using an indirect response model .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulation of dovitinib plasma concentration profiles following 4 intermittent dosing schedules suggested that intermittent dosing could prevent prolonged drug accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the simulated plasma profiles , PD response , and patient compliance , a 5 - days - on / 2 - days - off intermittent dosing schedule was selected for a phase 1 to 2 clinical study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed dovitinib plasma concentrations in this study confirmed the model predictions .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , dovitinib was well tolerated , and antitumor activity was observed as well in this new study .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 5 - days - on / 2 - days - off dosing schedule is currently used in a dovitinib registration trial and other clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "dovitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of amlodipine on the oral bioavailability of cephalexin and cefuroxime axetil in healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "cefuroxime axetil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the authors compared the effects of amlodipine ( AML ) on the bioavailability of cephalexin ( LEX ) and cefuroxime axetil ( CXM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "cefuroxime axetil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "CXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - four healthy men were randomized to 4 treatments according to a crossover design with a 14 - day washout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an overnight fast , they were administered orally LEX 500 mg alone , LEX 500 mg 2 hours after oral administration of AML 5 mg , CXM 500 mg alone , and CXM 500 mg 2 hours after oral administration of AML 5 mg .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "CXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "CXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All participants completed the whole study without side effects being observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by noncompartmental modeling with WinNonlin software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The geometric mean ( GM ) ratios were 1 . 38 ( 90 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1 . 32 - 1 . 45 ) for the area under the concentration - time curve ( AUC ) for LEX and 1 . 27 ( 1 . 18 - 1 . 36 ) for the maximum concentration of drug in serum ( C ( max ) ) for LEX followed by AML versus alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 164]}, {"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 264]}, {"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , no significant differences were found in the pharmacokinetic parameters of CXM between treatments ( P < . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CXM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They authors conclude that AML possesses an enhancement effect in beta - lactam antibiotic bioavailability ( in this case , LEX ) , and this interaction may be specific to the peptidomimetic beta - lactam antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "AML", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "beta - lactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "LEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "beta - lactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation between carbapenem consumption and antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in a university - affiliated hospital in China .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the correlation between carbapenem consumption and rates of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii , carbapenem consumption was expressed as defined daily dose based on the World Health Organization ( WHO ) anatomical therapeutic chemical classification index .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical isolates from 2001 - 2009 were collected and analyzed using WHONET 5 . 4 software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results show that the consumption of imipenem / cilastatin , meropenem , and total carbapenem is significantly correlated with imipenem resistance in A baumannii ( r = 0 . 818 , P = . 007 ; r = 0 . 817 , P = . 007 ; r = 0 . 827 , P = . 006 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "cilastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , total carbapenem consumption is significantly correlated with meropenem resistance in A baumannii ( r = 0 . 900 , P = . 037 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , consumption of imipenem / cilastatin , meropenem , and total carbapenem is associated with A baumannii resistance to piperacillin - tazobactam , ceftazidime , cefepime , amikacin , and levofloxacin .", "entity": [{"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "cilastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "ceftazidime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "cefepime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}, {"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}, {"entity": "levofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These drugs are mainly beta - lactams , aminoglycosides , and fluoroquinolones .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - lactams", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "fluoroquinolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The imipenem and meropenem resistance rates are significantly correlated with resistance rates to numerous antimicrobial drugs ( eg , beta - lactams , aminoglycosides , and fluoroquinolones ) in A baumannii .", "entity": [{"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "beta - lactams", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 148]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 166]}, {"entity": "fluoroquinolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , increased consumption of carbapenem may contribute to the development of resistance in A baumannii to imipenem , meropenem , and other antimicrobial drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbapenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - resistance possibly occurs among imipenem / cilastatin and meropenem , as well as with beta - lactams , aminoglycosides , and fluoroquinolones .", "entity": [{"entity": "imipenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "cilastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "meropenem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "beta - lactams", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 127]}, {"entity": "fluoroquinolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental fate of three novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic mesocosms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , little is known about the environmental fate and persistence of novel brominated flame retardants ( NBFRs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent detection of NBFRs in sediment cores and air samples provides insight into their persistence and potential for transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited numbers of laboratory studies have examined the fate and behavior of these compounds , but field - based fate studies have been especially lacking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment to assess the behavior of three NBFRs : bis ( tribromophenoxy ) ethane ( BTBPE ) , tetrabromobisphenol A bis ( 2 , 3 - dibromopropyl ether ; TBBPA - DBPE ) , and Firemaster BZ - 54 , a commercial mixture containing bis ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) tetrabromophthalate ( BEHTBP ) and 2 - ethylhexyl - 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 - tetrabromobenzoate ( EHTeBB ) in a ratio of 1 : 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "bis ( tribromophenoxy ) ethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 123]}, {"entity": "BTBPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "tetrabromobisphenol A bis ( 2 , 3 - dibromopropyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 191]}, {"entity": "TBBPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "DBPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "Firemaster BZ - 54", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 233]}, {"entity": "bis ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) tetrabromophthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 310]}, {"entity": "BEHTBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 319]}, {"entity": "2 - ethylhexyl - 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 - tetrabromobenzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 377]}, {"entity": "EHTeBB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [380, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry , operated in the electron capture negative ionization mode , revealed partitioning between the particulate and sediment phases , with BTBPE , TBBPA - DBPE , and BEHTBP identified as being environmentally persistent in both the particulate and the sediment compartments .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTBPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 191]}, {"entity": "TBBPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "DBPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 206]}, {"entity": "BEHTBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median dissipation times ( DT50 ) differed in each compartment , with more rapid disappearance in the particulate ( 9 - 30 d ) compared with the sediment compartment ( > 100 d ) for each compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degradation products were more concentrated in the particulate compartment and corresponded to known photodegradation products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of EHTeBB to BEHTBP differed in the mesocosm compartments compared with the technical product used for treatment , indicating increased degradation of EHTeBB relative to BETHBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "EHTeBB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "BEHTBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "EHTeBB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 167]}, {"entity": "BETHBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2013 ; 32 : 1060 - 1068 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute exposure to DE - 71 causes alterations in visual behavior in zebrafish larvae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs ) cause neurobehavioral toxicity , but their effects on visual behavior remain unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the impact of PBDEs on visual behavior was examined using optokinetic responses and phototaxis in zebrafish larvae .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zebrafish embryos were exposed to pentabrominated diphenyl ethers mixture ( DE - 71 ) at concentrations of 0 , 0 . 32 , 3 . 58 , and 31 . 0 micro g / L until 15 d postfertilization .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentabrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors then assessed photoreceptor opsin expression , retinal histology , and visual behavior of the larvae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the transcriptions of the opsin genes , zfrho and zfgr1 , were significantly upregulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blotting further demonstrated a significant increase in rhodopsin protein expression after exposure of the larvae to DE - 71 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination revealed the following morphological alterations in the retina : increased area of inner nuclear layer , decreased area of inner plexiform layer , and decreased density of ganglion cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tests of optokinetic and phototactic behavior showed hyperactive responses on exposure to DE - 71 , including increased saccadic eye movements and phototactic response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is the first to demonstrate that the acute exposure of zebrafish larvae to DE - 71 causes biochemical and structural changes in the eye that lead to behavioral alterations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of these visual behavioral paradigms may be useful in predicting the adverse effects of toxicants on visual function in fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ Toxicol Chem 2013 ; 32 : 1370 - 1375 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rash associated with dabigatran etexilate .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients experiencing atrial fibrillation are at an increased risk for thromboembolic events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , anticoagulation therapy is imperative to prevent thrombus formation and stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dabigatran etexilate was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2010 as anticoagulant prophylaxis for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of dermatologic reactions to dabigatran etexilate is estimated in the product labeling to be less than 0 . 1 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , five cases of dabigatran etexilate - associated rash have reported , including three published cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the sixth reported case of dabigatran etexilate - associated rash , in a 59 - year - old man with a history of atrial fibrillation who received dabigatran etexilate 150 mg twice / day for atrial flutter before cardioversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 59]}, {"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient had taken dabigatran etexilate for 5 days before the rash was noted on hospital admission .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had no known previous drug allergies , and his platelet count , serum creatinine concentration , and hepatic function were normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rash resolved 7 days after the discontinuation of dabigatran etexilate , and the patient was stabilized on warfarin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale indicated a probable relationship ( score of 5 ) between the patient ' s development of the rash and dabigatran etexilate therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinicians should be aware of this adverse effect of dabigatran etexilate and monitor for dermatologic reactions during follow - up visits .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relaxin : New Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives for an Old Protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human relaxin - 2 ( hereafter simply defined as \" relaxin \" ) is a 6 - kDa peptidic hormone best known for the physiological role played during pregnancy in the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract and in the renal and systemic hemodynamic changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This factor can also be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension and heart failure , in the molecular pathways of fibrosis and cancer , and in angiogenesis and bone remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It belongs to the relaxin peptide family , whose members comprehensively exert numerous effects through interaction with different types of receptors , classified as relaxin family peptide ( RXFP ) receptors ( RXFP1 , RXFP2 , RXFP3 , RXFP4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research looks toward the in - depth examination and complete understanding of relaxin in its various pleiotropic actions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intent is to evaluate the likelihood of employing this substance for therapeutic purposes , for instance in diseases where a deficit could be part of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms , also avoiding any adverse effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relaxin is already being considered as a promising drug , especially in acute heart failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A careful study of the different RXFPs and their receptors and the comprehension of all biological activities of these hormones will probably provide new drugs with a potential wide range of therapeutic applications in the near future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantum Dot - Based Thermal Spectroscopy and Imaging of Optically Trapped Microspheres and Single Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser - induced thermal effects in optically trapped microspheres and single cells are investigated by quantum dot luminescence thermometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermal spectroscopy has revealed a non - localized temperature distribution around the trap that extends over tens of micrometers , in agreement with previous theoretical models besides identifying water absorption as the most important heating source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results of thermal loading at a variety of wavelengths reveal that an optimum trapping wavelength exists for biological applications close to 820 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is corroborated by a simultaneous analysis of the spectral dependence of cellular heating and damage in human lymphocytes during optical trapping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This quantum dot luminescence thermometry demonstrates that optical trapping with 820 nm laser radiation produces minimum intracellular heating , well below the cytotoxic level ( 43 degrees C ) , thus , avoiding cell damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A self - organized anisotropic liquid - crystal plasmonic metamaterial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A composite material that leads to self organization of mesogen - coated gold nanospheres is synthesized and shows enhanced anisotropic optical properties due to synergistic effects of the mesogens intrinsic birefringence and its ability to drive the self - assembly process into highly anisotropic architectures with densely packed nanospheres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such nanoengineered matter sustains a response beyond that achievable by its individual constituents , i . e . , a metamaterial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonribosomal assembly of natural lipocyclocarbamate lipoprotein - associated phospholipase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EXPANDING OUR KNOWLEDGE : Natural lipocyclocarbamate natural products have provided the inspiration for the first - in - class synthetic phospholipase inhibitor darapladib , currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "darapladib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we discuss their biosynthesis by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Engineering new protein - protein interactions on the beta - propeller fold by yeast cell surface display .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "REINVENTING THE WHEEL : The beta - propeller domain folds like a wheel to provide key protein - protein interactions in the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we used high - throughput yeast sorting to \" invent \" beta - propellers of new binding specificities with cellular targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joining Copper Oxide Nanotube Arrays Driven by the Nanoscale Kirkendall effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various annealing conditions ( environment , temperature , and duration ) are applied to study the nanoscale Kirkendall effect of copper ( Cu ) nanowire ( NW ) arrays on a Si substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 141]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that an appropriate amount of oxygen supply is crucial for uniform transformation from Cu NWs ( average diameter ~ 50 nm ) into Cu oxide nanotube arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "Cu oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An annealing duration of 30 min at 200 degrees C in a low vacuum environment reveals that the voids are not uniformly distributed at the Cu / Cu oxide interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "Cu oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that void growth is due to surface diffusion of Cu along void surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annealing above 200 degrees C for 60 min resulted in complete transformation from Cu NWs into Cu oxide nanotubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "Cu oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization indicates that the Cu oxides formed at 200 degrees C and 300 degrees C are Cu ( 2 ) O and CuO , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "CuO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is demonstrated that the transformation from Cu NW arrays into Cu oxide nanotube arrays can be combined with the joining of stacked Si chips in a single - process step with reasonable joint shear strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "Cu oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission electron microscopy - electron energy loss spectroscopy elemental mapping analysis reveals that the joint interface is Cu oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The outward diffusion of Cu driven by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect is believed to enhance the joining process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By controlling the environment , temperature , and duration , joined Cu ( 2 ) O or CuO nanotube stacked chips can be achieved , which serve as a platform for the further development of nanostructured , stacked devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "CuO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein - Carbohydrate Complex Reveals Circulating Metastatic Cells in a Microfluidic Assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in carbohydrate sequencing technologies reveal the tremendous complexity of the glycome and the role that glycomics might have to bring insight into the biological functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbohydrate - protein interactions , in particular , are known to be crucial to most mammalian physiological processes as mediators of cell adhesion and metastasis , signal transducers , and organizers of protein interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assay is developed here to mimic the multivalency of biological complexes that selectively and sensitively detect carbohydrate - protein interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding of beta - galactosides and galectin - 3 - a protein that is correlated to the progress of tumor and metastasis - is examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - galactosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficiency of the assay is related to the expression of the receptor while anchoring to the interaction ' s strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative binding experiments reveal molecular binding preferences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study establishes that the assay is robust to isolate metastatic cells from colon affected patients and paves the way to personalized medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of photophysics and pKa shift of the anti - cancer drug camptothecin in the nanocavities of supramolecular hosts .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reports the pK ( a ) shift of an anti - cancer drug , 20 ( S ) - camptothecin ( CPT ) , upon encapsulation into the nanocavity of a cucurbit [ 7 ] uril ( CB7 ) macrocycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "20 ( S ) - camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 90]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "cucurbit [ 7 ] uril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 164]}, {"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steady - state , time - resolved fluorescence and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry ( ESI - MS ) studies provide evidence for the formation of both 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ( CB7 . CPT ) stoichiometries .", "entity": [{"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astonishingly , we have found that protonation of CPT takes place at a higher concentration of macrocycle ( >= 50 mu M ) when the 2 : 1 stoichiometric complex develops .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we did not find any proof for protonation of CPT when it is encased by a beta - cyclodextrin cavity , which has a cavity size almost the same as that of CB7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , we conclude that electron - rich carbonyl portals of CB7 have an important role in protonation of the drug in the 2 : 1 inclusion complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking and semi - empirical quantum chemical calculations have been employed to gain an insight into the molecular picture of orientation of CPT in the inclusion complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is clearly seen from the optimised structure of the 2 : 1 ( CB7 . CPT ) inclusion complex that the quinoline nitrogen of CPT does not reside within either of the CB7 cavities , rather it is almost sandwiched between two CB7 rings , and therefore , it experiences huge electron density exerted by both carbonyl portals of the macrocycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "quinoline nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "CB7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the pK ( a ) of CPT shifts from 1 . 2 to 6 . 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , controlled release of the drug has been achieved through the introduction of NaCl , which is rich in cells , as an external stimulus .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope this recognition - mediated binding and release mechanism can be useful for activation of the drug and controlled release of the drug in therapeutic uses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species difference in the mechanism of nonlinear pharmacokinetics of e2074 , a novel sodium channel inhibitor , in rats , dogs , and monkeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "e2074", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New chemical entities often exhibit nonlinear pharmacokinetics ( PK ) profiles in experimental animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the number of studies that have focused on species differences in nonlinear PK is very limited ; thus , the aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the nonlinear PK of E2074 ( 2 - [ ( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - { ( 3r ) - [ ( 3 - fluorobenzyl ) oxy ] - 8 - azabicyclo [ 3 . 2 . 1 ] oct - 8 - yl } propyl ] - 4 , 5 - dimethyl - 2 , 4 - dihydro - 3H - 1 , 2 , 4 - triazol - 3 - one ) , a novel sodium channel inhibitor , in rats , dogs , and monkeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2074", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 193]}, {"entity": "2 - [ ( 2R ) - 2 - fluoro - 3 - { ( 3r ) - [ ( 3 - fluorobenzyl ) oxy ] - 8 - azabicyclo [ 3 . 2 . 1 ] oct - 8 - yl } propyl ] - 4 , 5 - dimethyl - 2 , 4 - dihydro - 3H - 1 , 2 , 4 - triazol - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 396]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [409, 415]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonlinear PK profiles with more than dose - proportional increases of Cmax and area under the plasma concentration curve were observed in all species after oral administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Michaelis - Menten constant ( Km ) values of hepatic microsomal metabolism were 7 . 23 and 0 . 41 mu M in rats and dogs in vitro , respectively , which were lower than the unbound maximum plasma concentrations after oral administration in vivo , indicating that the nonlinear PK in rats and dogs was attributable to the saturation of hepatic metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we do not believe that the saturation of hepatic metabolism was the mechanism of nonlinearity in monkeys because of the high Km value ( 42 . 44 mu M ) observed in liver microsomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intestinal metabolism was observed in monkey intestinal microsomes but not in rats and dogs , and the nonlinear PK in monkeys was diminished by inhibition of intestinal metabolism with a concomitant oral dose of ketoconazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that saturation of the intestinal metabolism is the potential mechanism of nonlinearity in monkeys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P - glycoprotein was not involved in the nonlinear PK profiles in any species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the mechanism of the nonlinear PK of E2074 is species dependent , with the saturation of hepatic metabolism in rats and dogs and that of intestinal metabolism in monkeys being the primary cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "E2074", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interaction of silymarin flavonolignans with organic anion - transporting polypeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion - transporting polypeptides ( OATPs ) are multispecific transporters mediating the uptake of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in tissues that are important for drug absorption and elimination , including the intestine and liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silymarin is a popular herbal supplement often used by patients with chronic liver disease ; higher oral doses than those customarily used ( 140 mg three times / day ) are being evaluated clinically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study examined the effect of silymarin flavonolignans on OATP1B1 - , OATP1B3 - , and OATP2B1 - mediated transport in cell lines stably expressing these transporters and in human hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In overexpressing cell lines , OATP1B1 - and OATP1B3 - mediated estradiol - 17 beta - glucuronide uptake and OATP2B1 - mediated estrone - 3 - sulfate uptake were inhibited by most of the silymarin flavonolignans investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol - 17 beta - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 97]}, {"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 149]}, {"entity": "flavonolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OATP1B1 - , OATP1B3 - , and OATP2B1 - mediated substrate transport was inhibited efficiently by silymarin ( IC50 values of 1 . 3 , 2 . 2 and 0 . 3 micro M , respectively ) , silybin A ( IC50 values of 9 . 7 , 2 . 7 and 4 . 5 micro M , respectively ) , silybin B ( IC50 values of 8 . 5 , 5 . 0 and 0 . 8 micro M , respectively ) , and silychristin ( IC50 values of 9 . 0 , 36 . 4 , and 3 . 6 micro M , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "silybin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "silybin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 261]}, {"entity": "silychristin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [334, 346]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , silymarin , silybin A , and silybin B ( 100 micro M ) significantly inhibited OATP - mediated estradiol - 17 beta - glucuronide and rosuvastatin uptake into human hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "silybin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "silybin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "estradiol - 17 beta - glucuronide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 141]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of the maximal unbound portal vein concentrations / IC50 values indicated a low risk for silymarin - drug interactions in hepatic uptake with a customary silymarin dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of silymarin - drug interactions depends on OATP isoform specificity and concentrations of flavonolignans at the site of drug transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher than customary doses of silymarin , or formulations with improved bioavailability , may increase the risk of flavonolignan interactions with OATP substrates in patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonolignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thiolates chemically induce redox activation of BTZ043 and related potent nitroaromatic anti - tuberculosis agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiolates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "BTZ043", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of multidrug resistant ( MDR ) and extensively drug resistant ( XDR ) forms of tuberculosis ( TB ) has stimulated research efforts globally to expand the new drug pipeline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroaromatic compounds , including 1 , 3 - benzothiazin - 4 - ones ( BTZs ) and related agents , are a promising new class for the treatment of TB .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - benzothiazin - 4 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 67]}, {"entity": "BTZs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research has shown that the nitroso intermediates of BTZs that are generated in vivo cause suicide inhibition of decaprenylphosphoryl - beta - D - ribose 2 ' oxidase ( DprE1 ) , which is responsible for cell wall arabinogalactan biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "BTZs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "decaprenylphosphoryl - beta - D - ribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have designed and synthesized novel anti - TB agents inspired from BTZs and other nitroaromatic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTZs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational studies indicated that the unsubstituted aromatic carbons of BTZ043 and related nitroaromatic compounds are the most electron - deficient and might be prone to nucleophilic attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "BTZ043", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our chemical studies on BTZ043 and the additional nitroaromatic compounds synthesized by us and others confirmed the postulated reactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTZ043", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that nucleophiles such as thiolates , cyanide , and hydride induce nonenzymatic reduction of the nitro groups present in these compounds to the corresponding nitroso intermediates by addition at the unsubstituted electron - deficient aromatic carbon present in these compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiolates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "cyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "nitro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we demonstrate here that these compounds are good candidates for the classical von Richter reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These chemical studies offer an alternate hypothesis for the mechanism of action of nitroaromatic anti - TB agents , in that the cysteine thiol ( ate ) or a hydride source at the active site of DprE1 may trigger the reduction of the nitro groups in a manner similar to the von Richter reaction to the nitroso intermediates , to initiate the inhibition of DprE1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroaromatic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "cysteine thiol ( ate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 151]}, {"entity": "hydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "nitro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 238]}, {"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A low - overpotential potassium - oxygen battery based on potassium superoxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "potassium superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Li - O ( 2 ) battery is regarded as one of the most promising energy storage systems for future applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li - O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its energy efficiency is greatly undermined by the large overpotentials of the discharge ( formation of Li ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) and charge ( oxidation of Li ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "Li ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parasitic reactions of electrolyte and carbon electrode induced by the high charging potential cause the decay of capacity and limit the battery life .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a K - O ( 2 ) battery is report that uses K ( + ) ions to capture O ( 2 ) ( - ) to form the thermodynamically stable KO ( 2 ) product .", "entity": [{"entity": "K - O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}, {"entity": "KO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allows for the battery to operate through the one - electron redox process of O ( 2 ) / O ( 2 ) ( - ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "O ( 2 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies confirm the formation and removal of KO ( 2 ) in the battery cycle test .", "entity": [{"entity": "KO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , without the use of catalysts , the battery shows a low discharge / charge potential gap of less than 50 mV at a modest current density , which is the lowest one that has ever been reported in metal - oxygen batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal - oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A membrane vesicle - based assay to enable prediction of human biliary excretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of biliary excretion is a challenge due to the lack of in vitro assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our laboratory previously demonstrated a highly significant correlation between in vitro IC ( 50 ) values against mrp2 using rat canalicular liver plasma membrane vesicles and in vivo biliary excretion ( Colombo et al . , 2012 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study explores the possibility of predicting in vivo biliary excretion in human using membrane vesicles prepared from MDCKII cells transfected with human ABCC2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro MRP2 activity was determined by measuring the ATP - dependent uptake of 5 ( 6 ) - carboxy - 2 ' , 7 ' - dichlorofluorescein ( CDCF ) in inside - out membrane vesicles isolated from MDCK - ABCC2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "5 ( 6 ) - carboxy - 2 ' , 7 ' - dichlorofluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 132]}, {"entity": "CDCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CDCF uptake was time - and concentration - dependent ( K ( m ) of 4 . 0 +/- 1 . 2 micro M and a V ( max ) of 7 . 8 +/- 0 . 9 pmol / mg / min ) and inhibited by benzbromarone and MK - 571 with IC ( 50 ) values of 1 . 2 and 7 . 6 micro M , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "benzbromarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "MK - 571", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant linear correlation ( r ( 2 ) = 0 . 790 ) between the in vitro IC ( 50 ) values from the described MRP2 assay and in vivo biliary excretion in humans was observed using 11 well - documented drugs covering low to high biliary excretions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates , for the first time , that inhibition of CDCF uptake in MDCKII - ABCC2 vesicles not only provides a screening assay to assess MRP2 drug - drug interaction potential , but is also predictive of human MRP2 - mediated biliary excretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "CDCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of hydrogen bonding on internal conversion of GFP - like chromophores .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meta - amino systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "meta - amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To rationalize the efficient quenching of the fluorescence and the Z --> E photoisomerization of m - ABDI , the meta - amino analogue of the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) chromophore , in protic solvents , the femtosecond time - resolved fluorescence and transient infrared ( TRIR ) spectra of m - ABDI in CD3CN , CH3OH , and CD3OD are determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "meta - amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 306]}, {"entity": "CD3CN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 315]}, {"entity": "CH3OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 323]}, {"entity": "CD3OD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [330, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For solutions in CD3CN , the fluorescence decay lifetime is ~ 7 . 9 ns and IR absorption lines near 1513 , 1531 , 1557 , and 1613 cm ( - 1 ) of m - ABDI in its electronically excited state were observed with a decay time > 5 ns .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD3CN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For solutions in CH3OH , the fluorescence decay is double exponential with time constants of ~ 16 and 62 ps .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH3OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to IR absorption lines of m - ABDI in its electronically excited state with a decay time of ~ 16 ps , new features near 1513 , 1532 , 1554 , and 1592 cm ( - 1 ) were observed to have a rise time of ~ 19 ps and a decay constant of ~ 58 ps , indicating formation of an intermediate .", "entity": [{"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The assignments for the IR spectra of the ground and excited states were assisted with DFT and TDDFT calculations , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the torsion of the exocyclic C = C bond ( the tau torsion ) is responsible for the nonradiative decay of electronically excited m - ABDI in CD3CN .", "entity": [{"entity": "C = C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}, {"entity": "CD3CN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in CH3OH and CD3OD , the solute - solvent hydrogen bonding ( SSHB ) interactions diminish significantly the barrier of the tau torsion and induce a new pathway that competes successfully with the tau torsion , consistent with the efficient fluorescence quenching and the diminished yield for Z --> E photoisomerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH3OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "CD3OD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new pathway is likely associated with excited - state proton transfer ( ESPT ) from the solvent to m - ABDI , particularly the carbonyl group , and generates an intermediate ( ESPT * ) that is weakly fluorescent .", "entity": [{"entity": "m - ABDI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of tertiary amine - derivatized surfaces to control protein adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "tertiary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective oxidation of omega - tertiary amine self - assembled thiol monolayers to tertiary amine N - oxides is shown to transform the adhesion of model proteins lysozyme and fibrinogen upon them .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - tertiary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 45]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "tertiary amine N - oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient preparation of both secondary and tertiary linker amides as judged by X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) and water droplet contact angle was achieved with an improved amide bond formation on gold quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) sensors using 2 - ( 1H - 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl ) - 1 , 1 , 3 , 3 - tetramethyl hexafluorophosphate methanaminium uronium ( HATU ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary and tertiary linker amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 66]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 190]}, {"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 1H - 7 - azabenzotriazol - 1 - yl ) - 1 , 1 , 3 , 3 - tetramethyl hexafluorophosphate methanaminium uronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 377]}, {"entity": "HATU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [380, 384]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide was similarly assessed , and adhesion of lysozyme and fibrinogen from phosphate buffered saline was then assayed by QCM and imaged by AFM .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tertiary amine - functionalized sensors adsorbed multilayers of aggregated lysozyme , whereas tertiary amine N - oxides and triethylene glycol - terminated monolayers are consistent with small protein aggregates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tertiary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "tertiary amine N - oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 119]}, {"entity": "triethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface containing a dimethylamine N - oxide headgroup and ethyl secondary amide linker showed the largest difference in adsorption of both proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethylamine N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "ethyl secondary amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of tertiary amine decorated surfaces therefore holds the potential for selective deposition of proteins and cells through masking and other patterning techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "tertiary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Innate immune response and programmed cell death following carrier - mediated delivery of unmodified mRNA to respiratory cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we show that carrier - mediated delivery of mRNA may activate TLR3 signaling in respiratory cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This activation of the innate immune system was accompanied with a massive production of type 1 interferons and other immunostimulating cytokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recognition of mRNA by the innate immune system was also associated with cell death , which proceeded in human respiratory cells via pyroptosis , a form of programmed cell death mediated by substantial overexpression of caspase - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicated that the delivered mRNA is most likely also recognized by NOD - like receptors which regulate caspase - 1 production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The viability of murine respiratory cells was less affected by mRNA transfection , which is in line with the lower transfection efficiency , lower innate immune response and the absence of a massive caspase - 1 upregulation in these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we also demonstrated that the recognition of the delivered mRNA by the innate immune system had a negative effect on mRNA translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sexually dimorphic behavior after developmental exposure to characterize endocrine - mediated effects of different non - dioxin - like PCBs in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many chemicals are known to exhibit endocrine activity and affect reproductive functions in vertebrates and invertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocrine effects include influences on sexual differentiation of the brain during development and reproductive and non - reproductive behavior in adult offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that developmental exposure to a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) which was reconstituted according to the congener pattern found in human breast milk caused feminization of sweet preference as a sexually dimorphic behavior in adult male rats , following decreases in aromatase activity in the brain of newborn male pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result may be due to dioxin - like or non - dioxin - like ( NDL ) PCBs and their respective effects on steroid hormones .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present experiments was to determine if exposure to highly purified NDL - PCBs ( to remove Ah receptor active contaminants ) also results in alteration of sweet preference .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant rats were orally exposed to PCB52 ( 6 dose groups , total dose of 0 - 3000mg / kg body weight ) or PCB180 ( 6 dose groups , total dose of 0 - 1000mg / kg body weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB52", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "PCB180", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a further experiment rat dams were treated with equimolar doses of PCB74 or PCB95 ( total dose , 760 mu mol / kg body weight , corresponding to 229mg / kg or 248mg / kg body weight of PCB74 and PCB95 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB74", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "PCB95", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "PCB74", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 192]}, {"entity": "PCB95", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult male and female offspring were given a choice between a bottle of saccharin solution ( 0 . 25 % ) and a bottle of tap water on five consecutive days .", "entity": [{"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control females consumed approximately twice as much sweetened solution compared with control males , thus , demonstrating sexual dimorphism of this behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only non - significant reduction of sweet preference was found at the top dose level in female offspring after exposure to PCB52 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB52", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female offspring exposed to PCB180 exhibited signs of supernormal behavior as illustrated by increased saccharin consumption at intermediate dose levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB180", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased sweet preference was observed in females after developmental PCB74 , whereas males were unaffected .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB74", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only PCB95 increased saccharin consumption in exposed males , leading to decreased sexual dimorphism of this behavior and behavioral feminization .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB95", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrate that different NDL - PCBs exhibit differential effects on sexually dimorphic behavior and that feminization occurs after removal of Ah receptor active contaminants .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison with data from the literature reveals little evidence for a relation to anti - androgenic activity of the studied NDL - PCBs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of anti - crotalic antibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crotalus durissus terrificus , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d . collilineatus , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d . cascavella and C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d . marajoensis are responsible minor but severe snake bites in Brazil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The venoms of these snakes share the presence of crotoxin , a neurotoxin comprising of two associated components , crotapotin and phospholipase A2 ( PLA2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of the victims with specific antiserum is the unique effective therapeutic measure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of anti - Crotalus antisera produced by the routine using crude venom to immunize horses or purified crotoxin and PLA2 as individual immunogens was compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisera obtained from horses immunized with C . durissus terrificus crude venom were able to recognize and neutralize not only the toxins presents in C . durissus terrificus , but also the ones present in the venoms from C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d . marajoensis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antisera from horses immunized with individual crotoxin or PLA2 , although in lesser titers , were also able of recognizing the toxins in all four Crotalus species and neutralize the lethality of the C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d . terrificus venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined effects of organochlorine pesticides heptachlor and hexachlorobenzene on the promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "heptachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "hexachlorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to investigate the combined effect of organochlorine pesticides heptachlor ( HEP ) and hexachlorobenzene ( HCB ) by using a medium - term rat liver bioassay .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "heptachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "hexachlorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male F344 rats were initially administered diethylnitrosamine ( DEN , 200mg / kgi . p . ) ; after a 2 - week non - dosing period , they were given diets containing HEP ( 5 or 25ppm ) , HCB ( 70 or 350ppm ) , or their mixtures ( 5 and 70ppm or 25 and 350ppm ) for 6weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "diethylnitrosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "DEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed additive or synergistic effects of HEP and HCB in groups treated with mixtures of these pesticides .", "entity": [{"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Number and area of preneoplastic foci positive for glutathione S - transferase placental form ( GST - P ) were consistently higher in these groups than the sum of individual values in the groups treated with HEP or HCB alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}, {"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with these findings , HEP and HCB had additive or synergistic effects on cell proliferation induction within the preneoplastic foci and cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 2B1 and 3A1 induction , which may lead to more efficient metabolic activation of HEP and HCB .", "entity": [{"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 255]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these findings , we conclude that HEP and HCB have additive and synergistic effects on the development of GST - P - positive foci and that higher risks are associated with a combination of residual organochlorine pesticides in foods than with individual residual organochlorine pesticides .", "entity": [{"entity": "HEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 228]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monitoring of arsenic levels in some ready - to - use anti - malaria herbal products from drug sales outlets in the Madina area of Accra , Ghana .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ghana anti - malaria herbal medicines or products are used to compliment commercial drugs in treatment and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , four common aqueous based anti - malaria herbal products ( coded HEB , KFE , MDM and NIB ) which are used by Ghanaian population from pharmacy / herbal stores in the Madina area , Accra were blindly and randomly sampled for cadmium ( Cd ) , arsenic ( As ) and Lead ( Pb ) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 247]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 252]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 264]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 269]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic concentrations were 1 . 087 mu g / mL ( 108 . 7 % ) , 1 . 027 mu g / mL ( 102 . 7 % ) , 0 . 330 mu g / mL ( 33 . 0 % ) and 0 . 274 mu g / mL ( 27 . 4 % ) in MDM , KFE , NIB and HEB respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic concentration determined in MDM and KFE were above the maximum permissible limit of 1 . 0ppm determined by WHO / FAO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium concentration in each of the four products as well as lead concentration in KFE , NIB and HEB were below the detection limit of < 0 . 002mg / mL ( Cd ) and < 0 . 005mg / mL ( Pb ) respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 157]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximum permissible limits for Pb and Cd determined by WHO / FAO are 10 . 0ppm and 0 . 3ppm respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , random assessment on the safety of some ready - to - use aqueous based anti - malaria herbal products on the market is necessary to prevent public health hazards associated with consuming these plant extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although lead and cadmium concentration in the anti - malaria herbal products were below the maximum permissible limits , their cumulative effect on the health of an individual which consume recommended volume of not less than 1000 mL for effective malaria parasite clearance cannot be ignored .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzymatic catalyzed palm oil hydrolysis under ultrasound irradiation : diacylglycerol synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diacylglycerol ( DAG ) rich oils have an organoleptic property like that of regular edible oils , but these oils do not tend to be accumulated as fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "DAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palm oil ranks first in the world in terms of edible oil production owing to its low cost .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to propose a new methodology to produce diacylglycerol by hydrolysis of palm oil using Lipozyme RM IM commercial lipase as a catalyst under ultrasound irradiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reactions were carried out at 55 degrees C with two different methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , the reaction system was exposed to ultrasonic waves for the whole reaction time , which led to enzymatic inactivation and water evaporation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasound was then used to promote emulsification of the water / oil system before the hydrolysis reaction , avoiding contact between the probe and the enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasound - related parameters and maximize the hydrolysis rate , and in these conditions , with a change in equilibrium , DAG production was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Better reaction conditions were achieved for the second method : 11 . 20 wt . % ( water + oil mass ) water content , 1 . 36 wt . % ( water + oil mass ) enzyme load , 12 h of reaction time , 1 . 2 min and 200 W of exposure to ultrasound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these conditions diacylglycerol yield was 34 . 17 wt . % .", "entity": [{"entity": "diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearance and bioavailability study through arterio - venous drug concentrations relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venous plasma drug concentrations are routinely monitored in order to determine pharmacokinetic parameters or to establish relationships with drug pharmacodynamic and clinical effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arterial drug concentration is higher than the respective venous concentration during the period where drug input of the substance predominates , whereas venous drug concentration is higher during the long period where drug elimination becomes the main process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This arterial - venous difference responds to current bioavailability and clearance of the drug - individual systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the vein / artery plasma drug concentration ratio at a non - eliminating organ it is possible to monitor both parameters time by time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This way of following up the pharmacokinetic systems allows us to detect any changes in drug absorption or disposition more efficiently , without the need of a long period of time and regardless the duration of such system modification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spray - dried casein - based micelles as a vehicle for solubilization and controlled delivery of flutamide : Formulation , characterization , and in vivo pharmacokinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "flutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel casein ( CAS ) - based micelles loaded with the poorly soluble anti - cancer drug , flutamide ( FLT ) , were successfully developed in a powdered form via spray - drying technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "flutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genipin ( GNP ) was used to crosslink CAS micelles as demonstrated by color variation of the micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Genipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "GNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug solubilization was enhanced by incorporation within the hydrophobic micellar core which was confirmed by solubility study and UV spectra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spherical core - shell micelles were obtained with a particle size below 100nm and zeta potential around - 30mV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low drug loading , FLT was totally incorporated within micellar core as revealed by thermal analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , at higher loading , excess non - incorporated drug at micelle surface caused a significant reduction in the surface charge density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Turbidity measurements demonstrated the high physical stability of micelles for 2weeks dependent on GNP - crosslinking degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "GNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a dry powdered form , the micelles were stable for 6months with no significant changes in drug content or particle size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sustained drug release from CAS micelles up to 5days was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After i . v . administration into rats , CAS micelles exhibited a prolonged plasma circulation of FLT compared to drug solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a more prolonged drug systemic circulation was observed for GNP - crosslinked micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "GNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study reports the application of spray - dried natural protein - based micelles for i . v . delivery of hydrophobic anti - cancer drugs such as FLT .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective effects of mercaptoethylleonurine and mercaptoethylguanidine analogs on hydrogen peroxide - induced apoptosis in human neuronal SH - SY5Y cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercaptoethylleonurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 49]}, {"entity": "mercaptoethylguanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 76]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of mercaptoethylleonurine and mercaptoethylguanidine derivatives were designed and synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercaptoethylleonurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 34]}, {"entity": "mercaptoethylguanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their neuroprotective effects toward H2O2 - induced apoptosis were investigated in human SH - SY5Y cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results from these studies identified several potent compounds , with compound 8k emerging as the most effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further investigation demonstrated that 8k reduced H2O2 - induced activation of mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bax and elevating the expression of Bcl - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the molecular mechanism underlying the observed neuroprotective effects of 8k was exerted via the Akt and JNK pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 8k can be a lead compound for further discovery of neuroprotective medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paeoniflorin protects human EA . hy926 endothelial cells against gamma - radiation induced oxidative injury by activating the NF - E2 - related factor 2 / heme oxygenase - 1 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary endothelial cells have been demonstrated to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of radiation - induced lung injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our preliminary experiments indicated that Paeoniflorin protected human EA . hy926 endothelial cells from radiation - induced oxidative injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to confirm the protective effect of Paeoniflorin against radiation - induced endothelial cellular damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preincubation of EA . hy926 cells with Paeoniflorin before gamma - radiation resulted in significant inhibition of apoptosis , a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , we showed that Paeoniflorin significantly reduced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , the level of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) leakage , and enhanced production of the endogenous antioxidants , glutathione ( GSH ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in EA . hy926 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 165]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 280]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 286]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of these cells with Paeoniflorin significantly induced HO - 1 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Paeoniflorin promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor - 2 ( Nrf - 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Paeoniflorin - induced HO - 1 expression was abrogated by Nrf2 siRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , inhibition of HO - 1 with zinc protoporphyrin IX ( ZNPP ) significantly reversed the protective effect of Paeoniflorin against radiation - induced damage in EA . hy926 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc protoporphyrin IX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 62]}, {"entity": "ZNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings confirmed that Paeoniflorin protected EA . hy926 cells against radiation - induced injury through the Nrf2 / HO - 1 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paeoniflorin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimuli - responsive copolymer solution and surface assemblies for biomedical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimuli - responsive polymeric materials is one of the fastest growing fields of the 21st century , with the annual number of papers published more than quadrupling in the last ten years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The responsiveness of polymer solution assemblies and surfaces to biological stimuli ( e . g . pH , reduction - oxidation , enzymes , glucose ) and externally applied triggers ( e . g . temperature , light , solvent quality ) shows particular promise for various biomedical applications including drug delivery , tissue engineering , medical diagnostics , and bioseparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the integration of copolymer architectures into stimuli - responsive materials design enables exquisite control over the locations of responsive sites within self - assembled nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of new synthesis techniques and well - defined copolymer self - assembly has facilitated substantial developments in stimuli - responsive materials in recent years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this tutorial review , we discuss several methods that have been employed to synthesize self - assembling and stimuli - responsive copolymers for biomedical applications , and we identify common themes in the response mechanisms among the targeted stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we highlight parallels between the chemistries used for generating solution assemblies and those employed for creating copolymer surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatomical connection strength predicts dopaminergic drug effects on fronto - striatal function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in cognitive functions that are associated with fronto - striatal circuitry and has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is a large variability in the direction and extent of dopaminergic drug effects across individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : We investigated whether individual differences in dopaminergic drug effects on human fronto - striatal functioning are associated with individual differences in white matter tracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The effects of the dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 healthy volunteers in a placebo - controlled , double - blind , within - subject design .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human psychopharmacology and functional neuroimaging were combined with functional connectivity analyses and structural connectivity analyses to establish a link between dopaminergic drug effects on fronto - striatal function and fronto - striatal anatomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We demonstrate that bromocriptine alters functional signals associated with attention switching in the basal ganglia .", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crucially , individual differences in the drug ' s effect on these signals could be predicted from individual differences in fronto - striato - thalamic white matter tracts , as indexed by diffusion tensor imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatomical fronto - striatal connectivity also predicted drug effects on switch - related functional connectivity between the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These data reinforce the link between dopamine , cognition and the basal ganglia and have implications for the individual tailoring of dopaminergic drug therapy based on anatomical fronto - striatal connection strength .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Management of chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting : focus on newer agents and new uses for older agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting ( CINV ) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents , repeated chemotherapy cycles , and patient risk factors significantly influence CINV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of a combination of a serotonin 5 - HT3 receptor antagonist , dexamethasone and a neurokinin 1 ( NK1 ) receptor antagonist has significantly improved the control of acute and delayed emesis in single - day chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palonosetron , a second - generation 5 - HT3 receptor antagonist with a different half - life , a different binding capacity and a different mechanism of action than the first - generation 5 - HT3 receptor antagonists appears to be the most effective agent in its class .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palonosetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aprepitant , the first and only agent clinically available in the NK1 receptor antagonist drug class has been used effectively as an additive agent to the 5 - HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone to control CINV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aprepitant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rolapitant and netupitant are other NK1 receptor antagonists that are currently in phase III clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rolapitant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "netupitant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the control of emesis , nausea has not been well controlled by current agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olanzapine , a US - FDA approved antipsychotic , has emerged in recent trials as an effective preventative agent for CINV , as well as a very effective agent for the treatment of breakthrough emesis and nausea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trials using gabapentin , cannabinoids and ginger have not been definitive regarding their efficacy in the prevention of CINV .", "entity": [{"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional studies are necessary for the control of nausea and for the control of CINV in the clinical settings of multiple - day chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicting the Optimal Basal Insulin Infusion Pattern in Children and Adolescents on Insulin Pumps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEWe aimed at developing and cross - validating a mathematical prediction model for an optimal basal insulin infusion pattern for children with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy ( CSII ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe used the German / Austrian DPV - Wiss database for quality control and scientific surveys in pediatric diabetology and retrieved all CSII patients < 20 years of age ( November 2009 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 1 , 248 individuals from our previous study were excluded ( dataset 1 ) , resulting in 6 , 063 CSII patients ( dataset 2 ) ( mean age 10 . 6 +/- 4 . 3 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only the most recent basal insulin infusion rates ( BRs ) were considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BR patterns were identified and corresponding patients sorted by unsupervised clustering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the probabilities for each BR pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equations were based on both independent datasets separately , and probabilities for BR patterns were cross - validated using typical test patients . RESULTSOf the 6 , 063 children , 5 , 903 clustered in one of four major circadian BR patterns , confirming our previous study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oldest age - group ( mean age 12 . 8 years ) was represented by 2 , 490 patients ( 42 . 18 % ) with a biphasic dawn - dusk pattern ( BC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A broad single insulin maximum at 9 - 10 p . m .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( F ) was unveiled by 853 patients ( 14 . 45 % ) ( mean age 6 . 3 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logistic regression analysis revealed that age , to a lesser extent duration of diabetes , and partly sex predicted BR patterns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - validation revealed almost identical probabilities for BR patterns BC and F in the two datasets but some variation in the remaining two BR patterns . CONCLUSIONSReconfirmation of four key BR patterns in two very large independent cohorts supports that these patterns are realistic approximations of the circadian distribution of insulin needs in children with type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of an optimal pattern a priori can improve initiation and clinical follow - up of CSII in children and adolescents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , these BR patterns represent valuable information for insulin - infusion algorithms in closed - loop CSII .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism - Dependent Inhibition of CYP3A4 by Lapatinib : Evidence for Formation of a Metabolic Intermediate Complex with a Nitroso / Oxime Metabolite Formed via a Nitrone Intermediate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Nitrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism - dependent inhibition ( MDI ) of cytochrome P450 ( P450 ) enzymes has the potential to cause clinically relevant drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of several alkylamine drugs , MDI of P450 involves formation of a metabolite that binds quasi - irreversibly to the ferrous heme iron to form a metabolic intermediate ( MI ) complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "ferrous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific metabolites coordinately bound to ferrous iron and the pathways leading to MI complex formation are the subject of debate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferrous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe an approach combining heme iron oxidation with potassium ferricyanide and metabolite profiling to probe the mechanism of MI complex - based CYP3A4 inactivation by the secondary alkylamine drug lapatinib .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "potassium ferricyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 81]}, {"entity": "secondary alkylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 199]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten metabolites formed from lapatinib by CYP3A4 - mediated heteroatom dealkylation , C - hydroxylation , N - oxygenation with or without further oxidation , or a combination thereof , were detected by accurate mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 42]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundance of one metabolite , the N - dealkylated nitroso / oxime lapatinib metabolite ( M9 ) , correlated directly with the prevalence or the disruption of the MI complex with CYP3A4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 39]}, {"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroso / oxime metabolite formation from secondary alkylamines has been proposed to occur through two possible pathways : ( 1 ) sequential N - dealkylation , N - hydroxylation , and dehydrogenation ( primary hydroxylamine pathway ) or ( 2 ) N - hydroxylation with dehydrogenation to yield a nitrone followed by N - dealkylation ( secondary hydroxylamine pathway ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "oxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "alkylamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 141]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 160]}, {"entity": "primary hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 222]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 243]}, {"entity": "nitrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 299]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 313]}, {"entity": "secondary hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All intermediates for the secondary hydroxylamine pathway were detected but the primary N - hydroxylamine intermediate of the primary hydroxylamine pathway was not .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 89]}, {"entity": "hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "primary hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings support the mechanism of lapatinib CYP3A4 inactivation as MI complex formation with the nitroso metabolite formed through the secondary hydroxylamine and nitrone pathway , rather than by N - dealkylation to the primary amine followed by N - hydroxylation and dehydrogenation as is usually assumed .", "entity": [{"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "nitroso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "secondary hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 162]}, {"entity": "nitrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 201]}, {"entity": "primary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 237]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interpretation of optoelectronic transient and charge extraction measurements in dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tools that assess the limitations of dye sensitized solar cells ( DSSCs ) made with new materials are critical for progress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measuring the transient electrical signals ( voltage or current ) after optically perturbing a DSSC is an approach which can give information about electron concentration , transport and recombination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the theory and practice of this class of optoelectronic measurements , illustrated with numerous examples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurements are interpreted with the multiple trapping continuum model which describes electrons in a semiconductor with an exponential distribution of trapping states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We review standard small perturbation photocurrent and photovoltage transients , and introduce the photovoltage time of flight measurement which allows the simultaneous derivation of both effective diffusion and recombination coefficients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then consider the utility of large perturbation measurements such as charge extraction and the current interrupt technique for finding the internal charge and voltage within a device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining these measurements allows differences between DSSCs to be understood in terms such as electron collection efficiency , semiconductor conduction band edge shifts and recombination kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional UDP - glucuronyltransferase 2B15 polymorphism and bisphenol A concentrations in blood : results from physiologically based kinetic modelling .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physiologically based pharmaco - / toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10 - 100 - fold lower blood concentrations than those reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in controlled situations , BPA did not exceed the level of detection ( < 0 . 3 ng / ml ) in human blood or urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a validated human PBK model , this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15 , the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism , on the BPA concentration - time profile in human blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum concentrations ( C ( max ) ) and areas under the curves ( AUCs ) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4 . 7 and 4 . 6 , respectively ( doses : 1 and 0 . 05 mu g / kg / day ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}, {"entity": "sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding explains why C ( max ) and AUC increased to a smaller extent , as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest C ( max ) value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg / ml , which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations , which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the risk assessment perspective , our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current - use pesticides in stream water and suspended particles following runoff : Exposure , effects , and mitigation requirements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The European Union ' s directive for sustainable use of pesticides requires implementing risk mitigation measures at streams threatened by pesticide entries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The need for mitigation measures was investigated at 10 stream sites within an intensively used arable region in central Germany by characterizing pesticide exposure following edge - of - field runoff and effects on the aquatic macroinvertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the influence of riparian buffer strip width ( as a mitigation measure ) at the sampling sites was considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally , invertebrate fauna was dominated by pesticide - tolerant species , suggesting a high pesticide exposure at almost all sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result is also reflected by the elevated levels of suspended particle contamination in terms of toxic units ( logTUMax > - 2 ) , corresponding to one - hundredth of the median lethal concentration ( LC50 ) to Daphnia magna .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At two sites that received high aqueous - phase entries of the pyrethroid lambda - cyhalothrin ( logTUMax > - 0 . 6 ) , the abundance and number of sensitive species in terms of the species at risk index decreased during the pesticide application period .", "entity": [{"entity": "lambda - cyhalothrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , no acute significant negative effects on macroinvertebrates were observed at sites characterised by low water - phase toxicity ( logTUMax < - 3 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An influence of riparian buffer strip width on pesticide exposure was not observed , supposedly because of the presence of erosion rills and ephemeral ditches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , results show that mitigation measures ( such as the improvement of currently present riparian buffer strips ) are needed in the study area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ Toxicol Chem 2013 ; 32 : 1254 - 1263 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ERK - mediated phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on Ser777 inhibits signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser777", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibroblast growth factor 1 ( FGF1 ) controls cellular activities through the activation of specific cell - surface FGF receptors ( FGFRs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the kinase domain of FGFRs leads to activation of intracellular signaling cascades , including those mediated by mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FGFRs also contain a serine - rich C - terminal tail .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified a regulatory mechanism of FGFR signaling involving phosphorylation of Ser ( 777 ) in the C - terminal region of FGFR1 by the MAPKs extracellular signal - regulated kinase 1 ( ERK1 ) and ERK2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of the phosphorylation of Ser ( 777 ) in FGFR1 or mutation of Ser ( 777 ) to alanine enhanced FGF - stimulated receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and increased cell proliferation , cell migration , and axonal growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A form of FGFR1 with a phosphomimetic mutation at Ser ( 777 ) exhibited reduced signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of MAPKs by other receptor tyrosine kinases also resulted in phosphorylation of Ser ( 777 ) in FGFR1 , thereby enabling crosstalk regulation of FGFR activity by other signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data reveal a negative feedback mechanism that controls FGF signaling and thereby protects the cell from excessive activation of FGFR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indolizine derivatives as HIV - 1 VIF - ElonginC interaction inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indolizine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 ( VEC - 5 ) was identified as a potent small molecular HIV - 1 VIF inhibitor that targets the VIF - ElonginC interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A structure - activity relationship study was carried out to develop compounds with improved efficacy against HIV - 1 and 49 indolizine derivatives of three categories were designed and synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolizine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that 5 compounds exhibited promising anti - HIV - 1 activity and the most active compound 2g had an IC ( 50 ) value of 11 . 0 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide new information to develop highly potent small - molecule HIV - 1 VIF inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "(c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons A / S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solution structure and in silico binding of a cyclic peptide with hepatitis B surface antigen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A specific ligand targeting the immunodominant region of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) is desired in neutralizing the infectivity of the virus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous study , a disulfide constrained cyclic peptide cyclo S ( 1 ) , S ( 9 ) Cys - Glu - Thr - Gly - Ala - Lys - Pro - His - Cys ( S ( 1 ) , S ( 9 ) - cyclo - CETGAKPHC ) was isolated from a phage displayed cyclic peptide library using an affinity selection method against HBV surface antigen ( HBsAg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "cyclo S ( 1 ) , S ( 9 ) Cys - Glu - Thr - Gly - Ala - Lys - Pro - His - Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclic peptide binds tightly to HBsAg with a relative dissociation constant ( K ( D ) ( rel ) ) of 2 . 9 nM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding site of the peptide was located at the immunodominant region on HBsAg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , this study was aimed to elucidate the structure of the cyclic peptide and its interaction with HBsAg in silico .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solution structure of this cyclic peptide was solved using ( 1 ) H , ( 13 ) C and ( 15 ) N NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations with NMR - derived distance and torsion angle restraints .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclic peptide adopted two distinct conformations due to the isomerization of the Pro residue with one structured region in the ETGA sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Docking studies of the peptide ensemble with a model structure of HBsAg revealed that the cyclic peptide can potentially be developed as a therapeutic drug that inhibits the virus - host interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of model perfumes at the air - solution interface by coadsorption with an anionic surfactant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorption of the model perfumes phenyl ethanol , PE , and linalool , LL , at the air - solution interface by coadsorption with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl 6 - benezene sulfonate , LAS - 6 , has been studied primarily by neutron reflectivity , NR .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "sodium dodecyl 6 - benezene sulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 192]}, {"entity": "LAS - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The variation in the mixed surface adsorption with solution composition is highly nonideal , and the more hydrophobic LL is more surface active .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a LAS - 6 concentration of 0 . 5 mM the adsorption of PE and LL is broadly similar but with the LL systematically more surface active , and at 2 mM the LL completes more effectively for the surface than the PE .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAS - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The variation in surface composition with solution composition and concentration reflect the greater hydrophobicity and hence surface activity of LL , and the greater solubility of PE in aqueous solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changing the geometry of the LAS isomer , from the symmetrical LAS - 6 geometry to the more asymmetrical LAS - 4 , results in the LL competing more effectively for the surface due to changes in the packing constraints associated with the hydrophobic region .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "LAS - 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "LAS - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide insights into the factors that affect coadsorption that can be more broadly applied to the surface delivery of a wide range of molecules other than perfumes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro polyphenolics erythrocyte model and in vivo chicken embryo model revealed gallic acid to be a potential hemorrhage inducer : physicochemical action mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo chicken embryo model ( CEM ) demonstrated that gallic acid ( GA ) induced dysvascularization and hypoxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory edema , Zenker ' s necrosis , hemolysis , and liposis of cervical muscles were the common symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of the gene hif - 1 alpha , HIF - 1 alpha , TNF - alpha , IL - 6 , and NF kappa B in cervical muscles were all significantly upregulated , while the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was downregulated in a dose - responsive manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the cervical muscle inflammation and hemolysis could have been stimulated en route to the tissue TNF - alpha - canonical and the atypical pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that GA could deplete the dissolved oxygen ( DO ) at the expense of semiquinone and quinone formation , favoring the reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production to induce RBC disruption and Fe ( 2 + ) ion release .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "semiquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore this , the in vitro polyphenolics - erythrocyte model ( PEM ) was established .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEM revealed that the DO was rapidly depleted , leading to the release of a huge amount of Fe ( II ) ions and hydrogen peroxide ( HPO ) in a two - phase kinetic pattern .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "HPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinetic coefficients for Fe ( II ) ion release ranged from 0 . 347 h ( - 1 ) to 0 . 774 h ( - 1 ) ; and those for Fe ( III ) ion production were from 6 . 66 x 10 ( - 3 ) h ( - 1 ) to 8 . 93 x 10 ( - 3 ) h ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Fe ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For phase I HPO production , they ranged from 0 . 236 h ( - 1 ) to 0 . 774 h ( - 1 ) and for phase II HPO production from 0 . 764 h ( - 1 ) to 2 . 560 h ( - 1 ) at GA within 6 mu M to 14 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "HPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , evidence obtained from PEM could strongly support the phenomena of CEM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To conclude , GA tends to elicit hypoxia - related inflammation and hemolysis in chicken cervical muscles through its extremely high prooxidant activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genetically encoded and gate for cell - targeted metabolic labeling of proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a genetic AND gate for cell - targeted metabolic labeling and proteomic analysis in complex cellular systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The centerpiece of the AND gate is a bisected methionyl - tRNA synthetase ( MetRS ) that charges the Met surrogate azidonorleucine ( Anl ) to tRNA ( Met ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "azidonorleucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "Anl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular protein labeling occurs only upon activation of two different promoters that drive expression of the N - and C - terminal fragments of the bisected MetRS .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 111]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anl - labeled proteins can be tagged with fluorescent dyes or affinity reagents via either copper - catalyzed or strain - promoted azide - alkyne cycloaddition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein labeling is apparent within 5 min after addition of Anl to bacterial cells in which the AND gate has been activated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method allows spatial and temporal control of proteomic labeling and identification of proteins made in specific cellular subpopulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The approach is demonstrated by selective labeling of proteins in bacterial cells immobilized in the center of a laminar - flow microfluidic channel , where they are exposed to overlapping , opposed gradients of inducers of the N - and C - terminal MetRS fragments .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 229]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed labeling profile is predicted accurately from the strengths of the individual input signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving the second - order nonlinear optical response of fluorescent proteins : the symmetry argument .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have successfully designed and expressed a new fluorescent protein with improved second - order nonlinear optical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the first time that a fluorescent protein has been rationally altered for this particular characteristic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the specific noncentrosymmetry requirements for second - order nonlinear optical effects , we had hypothesized that the surprisingly low first hyperpolarizability ( beta ) of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein ( eYFP ) could be explained by centrosymmetric stacking of the chromophoric Tyr66 and the neighboring Tyr203 residue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr66", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 312]}, {"entity": "Tyr203", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [333, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inversion center was removed by mutating Tyr203 into Phe203 , with minor changes in the linear optical properties and even an improved fluorescence quantum yield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr203", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "Phe203", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure determination by X - ray crystallography as well as linear optical characterization corroborate a correct folding and maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement of beta by means of hyper - Rayleigh scattering ( HRS ) as well as their analysis using quantum chemistry calculations validate our hypothesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This observation can eventually lead to improved red fluorescent proteins for even better performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the specific function ( second - harmonic generation ) , the color of its emission , and in analogy with the \" fruit \" names , we propose SHardonnay as the name for this Tyr203Phe mutant of eYFP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raman spectra of interchanging beta - lactamase inhibitor intermediates on the millisecond time scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid mix - rapid freeze is a powerful method to study the mechanisms of enzyme - substrate reactions in solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report a protocol that combines this method with normal ( non - resonance ) Raman microscopy to enable us to define molecular details of intermediates at early time points .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this combined method , SHV - 1 , a class A beta - lactamase , and tazobactam , a commercially available beta - lactamase inhibitor , were rapidly mixed on the millisecond time scale and then were flash - frozen by injection into an isopentane solution surrounded by liquid nitrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "isopentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 247]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" ice \" was finally freeze - dried and characterized by Raman microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the reaction is almost complete in solution at 25 ms , giving rise to a major population composed of the trans - enamine intermediate .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - enamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Between 25 and 500 ms , minor populations of protonated imine are detected that have previously been postulated to precede enamine intermediates .", "entity": [{"entity": "imine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "enamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , within 1 s , the imines are converted entirely to enamines .", "entity": [{"entity": "imines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "enamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , with this method , we can measure directly the turnover number of SHV - 1 and tazobactam .", "entity": [{"entity": "tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme is completely inhibited at 1 : 4 ratio ( enzyme : inhibitor ) or greater , a number that agrees with the turnover number derived from steady - state kinetic methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This application , employing non - intensity - enhanced Raman spectroscopy , provides a general and effective route to study the early events in enzyme - substrate reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparation of lipase - coated , stabilized , hydrophobic magnetic particles for reversible conjugation of biomacromolecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Communication presents the development of a novel strategy for the easy conjugation of biomolecules to hydrophobic magnetic microparticles via reversible coating with previously functionalized lipase molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , the ability of lipase to be strongly adsorbed onto hydrophobic surfaces was exploited for the stabilization of microparticles in aqueous medium by the creation of a hydrophilic surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , the surface amino acids of lipase can be tailored to suit biomolecule conjugation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach has been demonstrated by amino - epoxy activation of lipase , enabling the conjugation of different biomolecules to the magnetic particle ' s surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "epoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , it was possible to immobilize 70 % of Escherichia coli proteins on the recovered particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , this strategy could be extended to other lipase chemical modification protocols , enabling fine control of biomolecule coupling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These conjugation techniques constitute a modular methodology that also permits the recycling of the magnetic carrier following use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to lambda - cyhalothrin , a synthetic pyrethroid , increases reactive oxygen species production and induces genotoxicity in rat peripheral blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "lambda - cyhalothrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 32]}, {"entity": "pyrethroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lambda - cyhalothrin ( LTC ) is a synthetic pyrethroid with a broad spectrum of insecticidal and acaricidal activities used to control a wide range of insect pests in a variety of applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lambda - cyhalothrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "LTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "pyrethroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is little known about its adverse effects , in particular those related to its genotoxicity in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate the genotoxicity mechanisms of LTC , the micronuclei ( MN ) frequencies , the levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , erythrocyte osmotic fragility , nitrite ( NO ) formation , protein carbonyl ( PCO ) levels and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) production were evaluated for a period of 7 , 14 and 21 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 179]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 245]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that exposure rat to LTC ( 1 / 10DL50 = 6 . 23 mg / kg ) for a period of 7 , 14 and 21 days induced a noticeable genotoxic effect in rat peripheral blood evidenced by a significant increase in the frequency of MN only at day 21 of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences between the two groups were observed in erythrocyte osmotic fragility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , a significant ( p < 0 . 01 ) increase in ROS contents , NO formation , PCO levels and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes were observed at different times of treatments , suggesting the implication of oxidative stress in its toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results confirm the genotoxic and the pro - oxidant effects of LTC in rat peripheral blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "LTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The periodontal health of lead - exposed children living in a shipyard industrial area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a cross - sectional design , 292 schoolchildren living around a shipyard area , known to be contaminated with lead from shipyard industry , were examined to verify the association between lead exposure and periodontal health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The probing pocket depth ( PD ) , bleeding on probing , plaque and calculus , and the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa ) in subgingival crevices were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gingival inflammation was the most common ( 98 % ) among children in the area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference in gingival inflammation was observed between high blood lead ( PbB ) and low PbB children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence rate of probing PD of >= 5 mm was 14 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high PbB group showed more deep pockets at tooth 16 ( upper right first permanent molar ) and tooth 46 ( lower right first permanent molar ) than the low PbB group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The odds ratios ( ORs ) for having probing PD >= 5 mm after adjusting for other factors were 3 . 63 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1 . 24 - 10 . 61 ; p = 0 . 02 ) for tooth 16 and 3 . 93 ( 95 % CI , 1 . 18 - 13 . 00 ; p = 0 . 02 ) for tooth 46 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of Aa was observed in 17 % of the children and it significantly increased in high PbB compared with low PbB children at tooth 46 ( OR = 5 . 53 , 95 % CI : 1 . 68 - 18 . 15 ; p = 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study may suggest no association between lead exposure and gingival inflammation , yet there was the involvement of deeper periodontal tissue in lead - exposed children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective role of L - carnitine and vitamin E on the testis of atherosclerotic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atherosclerosis is a condition caused by lipid build - up and inflammation in the arteries , so hyperlipidemia is the major reason for atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testis was found to be negatively affected by hyperlipidemia which leads to its impaired functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitamin E and < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine have well - known lipid - lowering and antioxidative activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triton WR 1339 is a non - ionic detergent , which induces severe hyperlipidemia by inhibition of lipoprotein lipase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triton WR 1339", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study evaluates the protective role of vitamin E and < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine on the testis in atherosclerosis and detects the most effective choice for protection against atherosclerosis ; vitamin E , < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine or a combination of both .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 94]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 216]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 80 albino male rats were divided into eight groups ( 10 rats for each group ) : control ( G ( 1 ) ) , triton ( G ( 2 ) ) , < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine ( G ( 3 ) ) , triton + < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine ( G ( 4 ) ) , vitamin E ( G ( 5 ) ) , triton + vitamin E ( G ( 6 ) ) , < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine + vitamin E ( G ( 7 ) ) and triton + < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine + vitamin E ( G ( 8 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triton", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 119]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 163]}, {"entity": "triton", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 184]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 216]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "triton", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 261]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 273]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 317]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 329]}, {"entity": "triton", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 352]}, {"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [355, 384]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [387, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data showed a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TGs ) , low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) , 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 17 beta HSD ) , testicular catalase and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in G ( 2 ) when compared with G ( 1 ) , whereas high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL - C ) , serum testosterone , testicular 17 ketosteroid reductase ( 17 KSR ) , total thiol and glutathione - S - transferase ( GST ) data showed a significant decrease in G ( 2 ) when compared with G ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "17 beta hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 177]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 249]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 255]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [333, 344]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [365, 377]}, {"entity": "ketosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [394, 405]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [435, 440]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [445, 456]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [459, 460]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine or / and vitamin E helps in improving the adverse effect of triton ; also the histological changes confirm this finding .", "entity": [{"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 44]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "triton", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the present study recommends all people to include < sc > l < / sc > - carnitine and vitamin E in their diet to be protected against atherosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "< sc > l < / sc > - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 83]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical parameters in exfoliating graphite into graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dispersing graphite into few - layers graphene sheets ( GS ) in water is very appealing as an environmental - friendly , low - cost , low - energy method of obtaining graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very high GS concentrations in water ( 0 . 7 mg mL ( - 1 ) ) were obtained by optimizing the nature of dispersant and the type of ultra - sonic generator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that a multi - step sonication procedure involving both tip and bath sources considerably enhances the yield of exfoliated GS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raman and transmission electron microscopy indicate few - layers graphene patches with typical size of ~ 0 . 65 mu m in one dimension and ~ 0 . 35 mu m in the other .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were further employed in combination with water - dispersed CNTs to fabricate conductive transparent electrodes for a molecularly - controlled solar - cell with an open - circuit voltage of 0 . 53 V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CRF ( 1 ) receptor antagonist SSR125543 prevents stress - induced cognitive deficit associated with hippocampal dysfunction : Comparison with paroxetine and D - cycloserine .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "D - cycloserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : The selective CRF ( 1 ) ( corticotropin releasing factor type 1 ) receptor antagonist SSR125543 has been previously shown to attenuate the long - term cognitive deficit produced by traumatic stress exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Memory disturbances described in post - traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) patients are believed to be associated with changes in neuronal activity , in particular at the level of the hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study aims at investigating whether the effects of SSR125543 ( 10 mg / kg / day for 2 weeks ) on cognitive impairment induced by traumatic stress exposure are associated with changes in hippocampal excitability .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of SSR125543 were compared to those of the 5 - HT reuptake inhibitor , paroxetine ( 10 mg / kg / day ) , and the partial N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor agonist , D - cycloserine ( 10 mg / kg / day ) , two compounds which have demonstrated clinical efficacy against PTSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 155]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "D - cycloserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Mice received two unavoidable electric foot - shocks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , 1 or 16 days after stress , they were tested for their memory performance using the object recognition test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal excitability was recorded during the third week post - stress in the CA1 area of the hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs were administered from day 1 post - stress to the day preceding the electrophysiological study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Application of electric shocks produced cognitive impairment 16 , but not 1 day after stress , an effect which was associated with a decrease in hippocampal neuronal excitability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both stress - induced effects were prevented by repeated administration of SSR125543 , paroxetine and D - cycloserine .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "D - cycloserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings confirm that the CRF ( 1 ) receptor antagonist SSR125543 is able to attenuate the behavioral effects of traumatic stress exposure and indicate that these effects are associated with a normalization of hippocampal neuronal excitability impaired by stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSR125543", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lupenone from Erica multiflora leaf extract stimulates melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells through the inhibition of ERK1 / 2 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lupenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypopigmentation diseases are usually managed using UVB light which increases the patients ' risk for skin cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we evaluated the melanogenesis stimulatory effects of leaf extracts of Erica multiflora , a medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region , and its active component , lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one , as possible therapeutic agents to address hypopigmentation disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B16 murine melanoma cells were treated with E . multiflora extracts or its active component lupenone to evaluate their effects on melanin biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "lupenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism underlying the observed effects was also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactivity - guided fractionation of fifteen ethyl acetate fractions identified fraction 2 to have melanogenesis stimulatory effects due to its ability to decrease mitogen - activated protein kinase phosphorylated extracellular signal - regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparative TLC of ethyl acetate fraction 2 revealed the presence of lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one as the major bioactive component .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B16 cells treated with lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one increased melanin content without cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the mechanism for the observed effects of lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one , the tyrosinase enzyme activity , the tyrosinase protein expression , and the activation of phosphorylated extracellular signal - regulated kinases 1 and 2 were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the expression of the tyrosinase mRNA was quantified using real - time PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one has no effect on the tyrosinase enzyme activity but can increase tyrosinase expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in the tyrosinase mRNA expression was most likely due to the inhibited mitogen - activated protein kinase phosphorylated extracellular signal - regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report for the first time that E . multiflora ethyl acetate extract and its active compound lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one stimulate melanogenesis by increasing the tyrosinase enzyme expression via mitogen - activated protein kinase phosphorylated extracellular signal - regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation inhibition , making it a possible treatment for hypopigmentation diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "lup - 20 ( 29 ) - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptide based macrocycles : selective histone deacetylase inhibitors with antiproliferative activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitors ( HDACi ) have been enthusiastically investigated as a novel generation of chemotherapeutics for cancers usually called as epigenetic therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylases have been found to influence cellular function by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from epsilon - N - acetylated lysine residues of several protein substrates including histones , transcription factors , alpha - tubulin , and nuclear importers .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "epsilon - N - acetylated lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclic peptides represent the most structurally complicated and diverse class of histone deacetylase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each subtype of the Histone Deacetylase ( HDAC ) family perform a distinct role in the gene expression and cyclic peptides with their plentiful set of surface contacts , zinc binding group and macrocyclic cap , can target enzyme precisely through adequate modulation of the amino acid configurational and structural assortment .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present article summarizes current status of different peptide based macrocyclic compounds being developed as HDACi for the treatment of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting multiplicity : the key factor for anti - cancer nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this mini - review , we focus on different strategies to bring nanotools specifically to cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss about a better targeting of tumor , combining the characteristics of tumor environment , the increase in nanoparticles life time , the biomarkers overexpressed on cancer cells and different physical methods for non invasive therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we detail the necessity of a synergy between passive and active targeting for an actual specificity of cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational models for predicting interactions with membrane transporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane transporters , including two members : ATP - binding cassette ( ABC ) transporters and solute carrier ( SLC ) transporters are proteins that play important roles to facilitate molecules into and out of cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , these transporters can be major determinants of the therapeutic efficacy , toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a variety of drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the time and expense of bio - experiments taking , research should be driven by evaluation of efficacy and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational methods arise to be a complementary choice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we provide an overview of the contribution that computational methods made in transporters field in the past decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the beginning , we present a brief introduction about the structure and function of major members of two families in transporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second part , we focus on widely used computational methods in different aspects of transporters research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of a high - resolution structure of most of transporters , homology modeling is a useful tool to interpret experimental data and potentially guide experimental studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We summarize reported homology modeling in this review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Researches in computational methods cover major members of transporters and a variety of topics including the classification of substrates and / or inhibitors , prediction of protein - ligand interactions , constitution of binding pocket , phenotype of non - synonymous single - nucleotide polymorphisms , and the conformation analysis that try to explain the mechanism of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an example , one of the most important transporters P - gp is elaborated to explain the differences and advantages of various computational models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the third part , the challenges of developing computational methods to get reliable prediction , as well as the potential future directions in transporter related modeling are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Index of refraction , density , and solubility of ammonium iodide solutions at high pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An asymmetric moissanite anvil cell is used to study aqueous solutions of ammonium iodide at pressures up to 10 kbar .", "entity": [{"entity": "moissanite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "ammonium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The index of refraction is measured using the rotating Fabry - Perot technique , with an accuracy of approximately 1 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mass density and molar volume of the solutions are estimated using the measured index values , and the molar volume is used to predict the pressure dependence of the solubility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solubility derived from the index of refraction measurements is shown to agree with that which is determined by direct observation of the onset of crystallization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimalarial activities of 6 - iodouridine and its prodrugs and potential for combination therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - iodouridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistance by Plasmodium falciparum to almost all clinically used antimalarial drugs requires the development of new classes of antimalarials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - Iodouridine ( 15 ) , a novel and potent inhibitor of orotidine 5 ' - monophosphate decarboxylase ( ODCase ) , exhibited efficacy in a mouse model infected by P . chabaudi chabaudi .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - Iodouridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "orotidine 5 ' - monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 15 exhibited promising antimalarial activity against P . falciparum , including drug - resistant isolates , and no rapid drug - resistant populations of the parasite were observed when challenged with 15 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uridine provided options to overcome any toxicity in the host but still suppressing the parasite load when treated with 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In drug combination studies , compound 15 showed good efficacy in vivo with artemisinin and azithromycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "artemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "azithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The propionyl ester of 15 exhibited superior antimalarial efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "propionyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimalarial activities of 15 and its prodrugs and potential for combination therapy are discussed in the context of novel strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solution effect on diazonium - modified Au ( 111 ) : reactions and structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface modifications of a Au ( 111 ) electrode with 4 - bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate ( BBD ) in acetonitrile ( ACN ) and 0 . 1 M HClO4 have been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "4 - bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 96]}, {"entity": "BBD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "ACN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "HClO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ACN , STM results reveal the formation of disordered thin organic films .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of the radical as an intermediate is evidenced by the negative effect of radical scavengers on organic thin film formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the 4 , 4 ' - dibromobiphenyl monolayer is observed when the aqueous solution is used as a medium to carry out the grafting experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 , 4 ' - dibromobiphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biphenyl compound is considered to be generated by a radical - radical coupling reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "biphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide integrated analyses of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer based on high - throughput technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The androgen receptor ( AR ) is a steroid hormone receptor that functions as a ligand - dependent transcriptional factor , which plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advancement in high throughput technologies including microarrays and deep - sequencing provides unbiased genome - wide knowledge on the AR signaling including datasets for androgen - regulated gene expression and genomic binding sites for AR .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present review , we will briefly summarize the main features of the AR signaling as well as the individual AR target genes identified by the integration of multiple datasets in prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cap analysis gene expression ( CAGE ) is also featured as a unique transcriptome method , which particularly determines the androgen - dependent transcription start points in prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent rearrangements in prostate cancer : causes and therapeutic potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA damage and genetic rearrangements are hallmarks of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , gene fusions as driver mutations in cancer have classically been a distinction in leukemia and other rare instances until recently with the discovery of gene fusion events occurring in 50 to 75 % of prostate cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of the TMPRSS2 - ERG fusion sparked an onslaught of discovery and innovation resulting in a delineation of prostate cancer via a molecular signature of gene fusion events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased commonality of high - throughput sequencing data coupled with improved bioinformatics approaches not only elucidated the molecular underpinnings of prostate cancer progression , but the mechanisms of gene fusion biogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the androgen receptor ( AR ) , already known to play a significant role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis , has recently been implicated in the processes resulting in gene fusions by inducing the spatial proximity of genes involved in rearrangements , promoting the formation of double - strand DNA breaks ( DSB ) , and facilitating the recruitment of proteins for non - homologous end - joining ( NHEJ ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our increased understanding of the mechanisms inducing genomic instability may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , the majority of prostate cancer patients can be molecularly stratified based on their gene fusion status thereby increasing the potential for tailoring more specific and effective therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting the akt kinase to modulate survival , invasiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deregulation of oncogenic signaling pathways which provide survival advantages to tumor cells is mediated by multiple cellular networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , the PI3K - Akt - mTOR axis , in particular the serine / threonine kinase Akt , is recognized as a key player .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinase is hyperactivated due to a variety of mechanisms including loss of PTEN , mutations in the PI3K catalytic subunit , receptor tyrosine kinase and Ras activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , inappropriate activation of the Akt kinase is a common event in human tumors and Akt appears to be a critical player in cell survival that may also account for the therapeutic resistance and the invasive phenotype of tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Akt signalling results in apoptosis and growth inhibition of tumour cells with elevated Akt activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A functional role in drug resistance is supported by evidence that tumor cells with acquired resistance to antitumor agents may display increased Akt activation and that treatment with molecularly targeted agents can activate feed - back loops involving Akt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This serine / threonine kinase may therefore represent an amenable target for modulation of sensitivity to compounds with different molecular features due to its pleiotropic role in cell survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different types of Akt inhibitors [ i . e . , ATP mimetics and pleckstrin - homology ( PH ) domain binders ] have been generated and some of them have reached the clinical setting .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review focuses on the i ) mechanisms implicating Akt in increased survival and invasive potential of tumor cells of different tumor types and ii ) on the development of Akt inhibitors as modulators of drug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging Role of Colloidal Drug Delivery Systems ( CDDS ) in NSAID Topical Administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSAIDs are the most commonly prescribed category of drugs for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and inflammation associated with many conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical administration of these drugs is always the best choice since adverse effects occur commonly with systemic NSAID therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colloidal drug delivery systems ( CDDS ) are interesting systems , which are able to improve the duration of drug residence in the skin and to allow an achievable drug sustained and controlled release compared to conventional topical formulations . This review focuses on micro and nanoemulsions , vesicular carriers and nanoparticles as novel high efficiency delivery systems of NSAIDs in topical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rationally designed multi - targeted agents against neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurodegenerative diseases are complex disorders with several pathoetiological pathways leading to cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rationally designed multi - targeted agents , or \" multi - targeted designed drugs \" ( MTDD ) show significant promise in preclinical studies as neuroprotective and disease - modifying agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we highlight the use of chemical scaffolds that lend themselves exquisitely to the development of MTDDs in neurodegeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , synthetic polycyclic cage compounds have served as scaffolds for novel voltage - gated calcium channel blockers , NMDA receptor antagonists , and sigma - receptor ligands - attractive targets in neurodegeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an entirely different approach , compounds containing the thiazolidinedione moiety ( referred to as glitazones ) alter mitochondrial function through the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET , an attractive new drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidinedione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "glitazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design strategy for yet another agent , ladostigil , employed the amalgamation of active chemical moieties of the AChE inhibitor rivastigmine , and the monoamine oxidase - B ( MAO - B ) inhibitor rasagiline , leading to a single compound that targets both enzymes simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "ladostigil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "rivastigmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "rasagiline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products have also served as design templates for several MTDD design studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the stilbene scaffold has become popular in particular due to the neuroprotective effects of the non - flavonoid natural product resveratrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , stilbene scaffold - based compounds were developed to reduce - through chelation with metal ions that interact with beta - amyloid - both metal - induced beta - amyloid protein aggregation , and ROS generated from this aggregate .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other subtle modifications of the stilbene motif led to the creation of reversible , non - competitive MAO inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , compounds derived from the xanthine scaffold afford neuroprotection in Parkinson ' s disease through mechanisms that include dual adenosine A2A receptor antagonism and MAO - B inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human disease and drug pharmacology , complex as real life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the past decades drug discovery practice has escaped from the complexity of the formerly used phenotypic screening in animals to focus on assessing drug effects on isolated protein targets in the search for drugs that exclusively and potently hit one selected target , thought to be critical for a given disease , while not affecting at all any other target to avoid the occurrence of side - effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , reality does not conform to these expectations , and , conversely , this approach has been concurrent with increased attrition figures in late - stage clinical trials , precisely due to lack of efficacy and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , a network biology perspective of human disease and treatment has burst into the drug discovery scenario to bring it back to the consideration of the complexity of living organisms and particularly of the ( patho ) physiological environment where protein targets are ( mal ) functioning and where drugs have to exert their restoring action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under this perspective , it has been found that usually there is not one but several disease - causing genes and , therefore , not one but several relevant protein targets to be hit , which do not work on isolation but in a highly interconnected manner , and that most known drugs are inherently promiscuous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this light , the rationale behind the currently prevailing single - target - based drug discovery approach might even seem a Utopia , while , conversely , the notion that the complexity of human disease must be tackled with complex polypharmacological therapeutic interventions constitutes a difficult - torefuse argument that is spurring the development of multitarget therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photothermal tautomerization of a UV sunscreen ( 4 - tert - butyl - 4 ' - methoxydibenzoylmethane ) in acetonitrile studied by steady - state and laser flash photolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - tert - butyl - 4 ' - methoxydibenzoylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 97]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photothermal tautomerization processes between enol and keto forms of 4 - tert - butyl - 4 ' - methoxydibenzoylmethane ( trade name , Avobenzone ) in acetonitrile have been studied by steady - state and laser flash photolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "enol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "4 - tert - butyl - 4 ' - methoxydibenzoylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 122]}, {"entity": "Avobenzone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The keto form is produced upon photolysis of the enol in only acetonitrile with a quantum yield of 0 . 014 .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "enol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molar absorptivity of the keto form was determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phototautomerization from the keto to the enol form was not seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "enol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser flash photolysis of the keto form recognized the formation of the triplet state .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the dark , the keto form underwent thermal tautomerization to the enol with a lifetime of 5 . 1 h at 295 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "enol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enolization rate in acetonitrile was not accelerated by the presence of alcohols and / or water but increased with increasing temperature and followed the Arrhenius expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation energy and the frequency factor were determined for the enolization process from the keto to the enol form .", "entity": [{"entity": "keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "enol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the energy states of the tautomers and isomers as estimated by DFT calculations , a schematic energy diagram was determined for the photothermal tautomerization processes in acetonitrile .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly observed spontaneous activation of ethephon as a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plant growth regulator ethephon ( 2 - chloroethylphosphonic acid ) inhibits human butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) by making a covalent adduct on the active site serine 198 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "2 - chloroethylphosphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 68]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our goal was to extend earlier studies on ethephon inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of freshly prepared ethephon to BChE in buffered medium , at pH 7 . 0 and 22 degrees C , resulted in no inhibition initially .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , inhibition developed progressively over 60 min of incubation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preincubation of ethephon in pH 7 - 9 buffers increased its initial inhibitory potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations indicated that ethephon itself was not the inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 3 % of the initial ethephon could be trapped as a BChE adduct .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectral analysis of the active site peptide from inhibited BChE showed that the inhibitor added a mass of 108 Da to the active site serine on peptide FGES198AGAAS .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result rules out a previous hypothesis that ethephon adds HPO3 to BChE ( added mass of 80 Da ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "HPO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To accommodate these observations , we propose that in aqueous media at neutral to slightly alkaline pH about 3 % of the ethephon is converted ( t1 / 2 = 9 . 9 h at pH 7 . 0 ) into a cyclic oxaphosphetane which is the actual BChE inhibitor forming the 2 - hydroxyethylphosphonate adduct on BChE at Ser198 while about 97 % of the ethephon breaks down to ethylene ( t1 / 2 = 11 - 48 h at pH 7 . 0 ) which is responsible for plant growth regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "cyclic oxaphosphetane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 204]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxyethylphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 279]}, {"entity": "Ser198", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 304]}, {"entity": "ethephon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 337]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [353, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neural stem / progenitor cells display a low requirement for oxidative metabolism independent of hypoxia inducible factor - 1alpha expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neural stem / progenitor cells ( NSPCs ) are multipotent cells within the embryonic and adult brain that give rise to both neuronal and glial cell lineages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maintenance of NSPC multipotency is promoted by low oxygen tension , although the metabolic underpinnings of this trait have not been described .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the metabolic state of undifferentiated NSPCs in culture , and tested their relative reliance on oxidative versus glycolytic metabolism for survival , as well as their dependence on hypoxia inducible factor - 1alpha ( HIF - 1 alpha ) expression for maintenance of metabolic phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike primary neurons , NSPCs from embryonic and adult mice survived prolonged hypoxia in culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , NSPCs displayed greater susceptibility to glycolytic inhibition compared with primary neurons , even in the presence of alternative mitochondrial TCA substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSPCs were also more resistant than neurons to mitochondrial cyanide toxicity , less capable of utilizing galactose as an alternative substrate to glucose , and more susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by 6 - aminonicotinamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "pentose phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 232]}, {"entity": "6 - aminonicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inducible deletion of exon 1 of the Hif1a gene improved the ability of NSPCs to utilize pyruvate during glycolytic inhibition , but did not alter other parameters of metabolism , including their ability to withstand prolonged hypoxia .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data indicate that NSPCs have a relatively low requirement for oxidative metabolism for their survival and that hypoxic resistance is not dependent upon HIF - 1 alpha signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro and in vivo effects of nicotine on bone , bone cells and fracture repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Cigarette smoke has negative effects on bone metabolism and fracture repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no study has reviewed effects of nicotine on bone and fracture repair independent of other constituents of cigarette smoke .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors review the existing evidence of the effect of nicotine on ' bone ' and ' bone cells ' and fracture repair , drawing conclusions relevant to clinical practice and future research .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AREAS COVERED : A literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines and PubMed , Cochrane , MEDLINE / OVID , EMBASE , NHS Evidence and Google scholar databases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Articles were included if they specifically investigated the effects of nicotine on ' bone ' or fracture repair in animal or human models or in vitro effects on ' bone cells ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 64 papers were included in this review , of which 15 were human in vitro studies and 49 animal studies wherein 9 were in vitro and 40 in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo studies of the effects of nicotine in animals demonstrated widespread effects on bone including osteoneogenesis , osseointegration , steady - state skeletal bone and genes and cytokines relevant to bone cell physiology and bone homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these studies , nicotine ' s effects are predominately negative , inhibiting bone cell metabolism and fracture repair , whereas most in vitro studies reported biphasic responses in all bone cells except osteoclastic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EXPERT OPINION : The review suggests that nicotine has effects on osteoneogenesis , osseointegration and steady - state skeletal bone in animal in vivo models , as well as effects on all ' bone cells ' , via several mechanisms in both animal and human cell in vitro studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of nicotine is dose - dependent , with higher concentrations having predominantly negative effects , whereas at low concentrations a stimulatory effect is seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulatory effects on certain cells may indicate a possible , limited therapeutic role ; advice regarding smoking cessation perioperatively should remain due to the other harmful components of cigarette smoke , but there may be scope for allowing the use of nicotine patches instead of complete abstention .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research into clinical outcomes is required before the exact response of bone and fracture repair in humans to nicotine is known .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benchmark dose for estimation of cadmium reference level for osteoporosis in a Chinese female population .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the reference level of cadmium in urine and blood related with bone damage was assessed using benchmark dose in a Chinese female population .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total of 338 women was recruited , and urine and blood samples were collected from each individual for determination of cadmium in urine ( UCd ) and blood ( BCd ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X - ray absorptiometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMD and BMDL were calculated corresponding to additional risk of 5 % and 10 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With benchmark response ( BMR ) of 5 % / 10 % , the BMD of BCd , UCd related with osteoporosis was 1 . 88 mu g / L / 3 . 23 mu g / L and 5 . 30 mu g / g crea / 9 . 06 mu g / g crea , and the BMDL - 05 was 1 . 39 mu g / L / 2 . 38 mu g / L and 3 . 78 mu g / g crea / 6 . 36 mu g / g crea ; the BMD of BCd , UCd related with low bone mass was 0 . 95 mu g / L / 3 . 12 mu g / L and 3 . 12 mu g / g crea / 5 . 87 mu g / g crea , and the BMDL - 05 was 0 . 72 mu g / L / 1 . 35 mu g / L and 2 . 14 mu g / g crea / 3 . 99 mu g / g crea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BMD of UCd in people over 60years old was much lower than that of people less than 60years old .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMD value was related with ages and effects biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data showed that BMD of UCd associated with osteoporosis was lower than that previously estimated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA damage and oxidative stress in human B lymphoblastoid cells after combined exposure to hexavalent chromium and nickel compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexavalent chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , human B lymphoblastoid cells were exposed to potassium dichromate and / or nickel chloride for 24h or 48h .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium dichromate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 88]}, {"entity": "nickel chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell viability and DNA damage induced by these compounds was measured with the CCK - 8 assay and Comet assay , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and the levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) were measured using commercially available kits .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 97]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated that potassium dichromate could decrease cell viability and induce DNA damage in human B lymphoblastoid cells in a time - and concentration - dependent manner , but the toxicity of nickel chloride was not so obvious at concentrations used in our study .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium dichromate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "nickel chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of ROS showed that both two compounds could only induce weak elevation of ROS level , but MDA levels were significantly enhanced .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antagonistic effects of cytotoxicity were mainly found between Cr ( VI ) and Ni ( II ) , and synergistic effects of DNA damage and oxidative stress were partially found between these two compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cr ( VI )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "Ni ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , there were good correlations between the results of comet assay and the results of oxidative stress assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that synergistic DNA damage induced by simultaneously exposure of hexavalent chromium and nickel compounds is possibly related to oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexavalent chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spiro heterocycles as potential inhibitors of SIRT1 : Pd / C - mediated synthesis of novel N - indolylmethyl spiroindoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazolines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 60]}, {"entity": "N - indolylmethyl spiroindoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel N - indolylmethyl substituted spiroindoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazolines were designed as potential inhibitiors of SIRT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - indolylmethyl substituted spiroindoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were synthesized in good yields by using Pd / C - Cu mediated coupling - cyclization strategy as a key step involving the reaction of 1 - ( prop - 2 - ynyl ) - 1 ' H - spiro [ indoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazoline ] - 2 , 4 ' ( 3 ' H ) - dione with 2 - iodoanilides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "C - Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "1 - ( prop - 2 - ynyl ) - 1 ' H - spiro [ indoline - 3 , 2 ' - quinazoline ] - 2 , 4 ' ( 3 ' H ) - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 254]}, {"entity": "2 - iodoanilides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the compounds synthesized have shown encouraging inhibition of Sir 2 protein ( a yeast homologue of mammalian SIRT1 ) in vitro and three of them showed dose dependent inhibition of Sir 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The docking results suggested that the benzene ring of 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydroquinazolin ring system of these molecules occupied the deep hydrophobic pocket of the protein and one of the NH along with the sulfonyl group participated in strong H - bonding interaction with the amino acid residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydroquinazolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 91]}, {"entity": "NH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 192]}, {"entity": "sulfonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 247]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of salinomycin on human bone marrow - derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells ( CSCs ) exist , including that CSCs develop from transformed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( hBMSC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the polyether antibiotic salinomycin selectively kills CSCs , the present study aims to elucidate the effects of salinomycin on normal hBMSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunophenotype of hBMSC after salinomycin exposure was observed by flow cytometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multi - differentiation capacity of hBMSC was evaluated by Oil Red O and van Kossa staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oil Red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic effects of salinomycin were monitored by the [ 3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide ] ( MTT ) assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "3 - ( 4 , 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ) - 2 , 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 136]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , spheroid formation and migration capacity were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences in the immunophenotype and multi - differentiation capacity of hBMSC induced by salinomycin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of 30 mu M and above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither the migration capability nor the ability to form spheroids was affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Essential functional properties of hBMSC were unaffected by salinomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , dose - dependent cytotoxicity effects could be observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , low dose salinomycin showed no negative effects on hBMSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since mesenchymal stem cells from various sources respond differently , further in vitro studies are needed to clarify the effect of salinomycin on tissue - specific stem cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "salinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulatory decisions on endocrine disrupting chemicals should be based on the principles of endocrinology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For years , scientists from various disciplines have studied the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals ( EDCs ) on the health and wellbeing of humans and wildlife .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some studies have specifically focused on the effects of low doses , i . e . those in the range that are thought to be safe for humans and / or animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Others have focused on the existence of non - monotonic dose - response curves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These concepts challenge the way that chemical risk assessment is performed for EDCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continued discussions have clarified exactly what controversies and challenges remain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We address several of these issues , including why the study and regulation of EDCs should incorporate endocrine principles ; what level of consensus there is for low dose effects ; challenges to our understanding of non - monotonicity ; and whether EDCs have been demonstrated to produce adverse effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This discussion should result in a better understanding of these issues , and allow for additional dialog on their impact on risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Net analyte signal standard addition method for simultaneous determination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim in bovine milk and veterinary medicines .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Net analyte signal standard addition method has been used for the simultaneous determination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim by spectrophotometry in some bovine milk and veterinary medicines .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method combines the advantages of standard addition method with the net analyte signal concept which enables the extraction of information concerning a certain analyte from spectra of multi - component mixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method has some advantages such as the use of a full spectrum realisation , therefore it does not require calibration and prediction step and only a few measurements require for the determination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloud point extraction based on the phenomenon of solubilisation used for extraction of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim in bovine milk .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is based on the induction of micellar organised media by using Triton X - 100 as an extraction solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triton X - 100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the optimum conditions , the norm of NAS vectors increased linearly with concentrations in the range of 1 . 0 - 150 . 0 mu molL ( - 1 ) for both sulphadiazine and trimethoprim .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limits of detection ( LOD ) for sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were 0 . 86 and 0 . 92 mu molL ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of Welsh onion green leaves in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of Welsh onion green leaves ( WOE ) in mice was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of WOE , in the range of 0 . 25 - 1g / kg , showed a concentration dependent inhibition on paw edema development after carrageenan treatment in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory effects of WOE were closely attributed to decreased levels of tissue NO and tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further evidence for WOE ' s protection is shown in the reduction of lipid oxidation and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities , including catalase ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and glutathione peroxidase ( GPX ) in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , WOE also decreased the number of acetic acid - induced writhing responses and formalin - induced pain in the late phase in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the results showed that WOE might serve as a natural source of anti - inflammatory compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apple polyphenols suppress antigen presentation of ovalbumin by THP - 1 - derived dendritic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apple polyphenol extract ( AP ) and procyanidin contained in AP were investigated for their immunomodulatory effects using THP - 1 - derived human dendritic cells ( TDDCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression levels of HLA - DR ( MHC class II ) and CD86 ( costimulatory molecule ) were measured as an indicator of antigen presentation in TDDCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant decrease in HLA - DR expression was observed in the AP and fractionated procyanidin - treated cells in the presence of ovalbumin ( OVA ) , but no effect on CD86 expression was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uptake of OVA was not inhibited by AP treatment , and the gene expression of membrane - associated RING - CH ubiquitin E3 ligase , MARCH1 , was up - regulated by AP treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can therefore be presumed that AP suppresses HLA - DR expression via the ubiquitin - proteasome pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the up - regulation of IL - 12 and TNF - alpha was found in the procyanidin trimers - treated cells in the presence of OVA .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that apple polyphenols would be an effective factor for the development of immunomodulatory agents with suppressive effects of antigen presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of extraction induced by emulsion breaking , ultrasonic extraction and wet digestion procedures for determination of metals in edible oil samples in Turkey using ICP - OES .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The content of elements ( Cd , Cr , Cu , Fe , Mn , Ni , Pb and Zn ) in edible oils ( sunflower , hazelnut , canola , corn and olive oils ) from Turkey was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP - OES ) after ultrasonic extraction , wet digestion , and extraction induced by emulsion breaking procedures ( EIEB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to evaluate the best sample preparation procedure , EIEB procedure was compared by ultrasonic extraction and wet digestion procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results in the samples ( minimum - maximum in mgkg ( - 1 ) ) were : 0 . 022 - 0 . 058 , Cr 0 . 126 - 7 . 106 , Cu 0 . 570 - 4 . 504 , Fe 8 . 004 - 12 . 588 , Mn 0 . 035 - 0 . 054 , Ni 0 . 908 - 2 . 182 , Pb 0 . 099 - 0 . 134 and Zn 2 . 206 - 8 . 982 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 164]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 187]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 210]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EIEB procedure was found to be fast , reliable , simple , and excellent in comparison with the other studied procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recovery test was performed by spiking the samples with known amounts of the metals in the form of organometallic standards and applying the EIEB procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recoveries were in the range of 96 - 109 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of abdominal fat accumulation in rats by 8 - week ingestion of a newly developed sweetener made from high fructose corn syrup .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many studies have shown that ingestion of high - fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) may cause an increase in body weight and abdominal fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently developed a new sweetener containing rare sugars ( rare sugar syrup ; RSS ) by slight isomerization of HFCS .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the functional effects of RSS on body weight and abdominal fat , and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats ( n = 30 ) were randomly divided into three groups and maintained for 8 - weeks on starch , starch + HFCS ( 50 : 50 ) , and starch + RSS ( 50 : 50 ) diets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats in the Starch and HFCS groups gained significantly more body weight and abdominal fat than the RSS group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting serum insulin in the RSS group was significantly lower than in the Starch and HFCS groups , although serum glucose in the HFCS and RSS groups was significantly lower than that in the Starch group .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the substitution of HFCS with RSS prevents obesity induced by the consumption of HFCS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the blackening of green pepper ( Piper nigrum Linnaeus ) berries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper investigates polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ) activity , reduced weight percentage after sun drying , and the changes in colour and appearance of green pepper ( Piper nigrum Linnaeus ) berries after blanching and sun drying .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that the degree of reduced weight percentage and browning in green pepper berries after blanching for 10 min is greater at 100 degrees C than at 90 and 80 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the samples blanched at 100 degrees C for 10 min had the fastest water loss , but the lowest PPO activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the PPO enzymatic oxidation of polyphenols might not be the only reason for the browning of green pepper berries .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result is significantly different from that of Variyar , Pendharkar , Banerjeea , and Bandyopadhyay ( 1988 ) and therefore deserves further study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nutritional value and antioxidant activity of honeys produced in a European Atlantic area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred eighty - seven honey samples from an Atlantic European area were studied to determine their nutritional compositions and antioxidant capacities , as well as the relationships between them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that heather , polyfloral , blackberry , and eucalyptus honeys had the highest carbohydrate contents , whereas honeydew and chestnut honeys had the lowest .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were some important differences among the honey types , which were related to the presence of minor components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein contents were significantly higher in honeydew and chestnut honeys , and the same results were obtained for mineral contents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Related to the presence of several antioxidant compounds , heather honey had the highest phenolic content , whereas honeydew and chestnut honeys had the highest flavonoid contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis showed that some variables , such as the amounts of flavonoids , minerals , proteins , and phenols , were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regression analysis produced a significant model ( R ( 2 ) = 0 . 716 ; F = 154 . 680 ; P < 0 . 001 ) that related the antioxidant activity and the flavonoids , K , and P contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 165]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity of the olive oil macerate samples of Hypericum perforatum and their LC - DAD - MS analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - one samples of traditionally - prepared ( home - made ) and ready - made ( commercial ) St .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John ' s Wort olive oil macerates were profiled for their in vitro antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their cytotoxic potential was evaluated on MRC - 5 fibroblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the antiprotozoal assays , ten of the oils inhibited Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ( IC ( 50 ) 15 . 9 - 64 . 5 mu g / mL ) , while only one oil exerted antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus ( IC ( 50 ) = 88 . 7 mu g / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LC - DAD - MS data revealed the presence of pseudohypericin ( 0 . 135 - 3 . 280 mu g / g ) and hypericin ( 0 . 277 - 6 . 634 mu g / g ) in all the oils , whereas chlorogenic acid ( 1 . 063 mu g / g ) was detected only in one oil sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "pseudohypericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "hypericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperforin was detected in four ( 0 . 977 - 2 . 399 mu g / g ) and adhyperforin in six samples ( 0 . 005 - 3 . 165 mu g / g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperforin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "adhyperforin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypericin and pseudohypericin were common in the active oils , whereas hyperforin , adhyperforin , and chlorogenic acid were absent in these samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "pseudohypericin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "hyperforin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "adhyperforin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "chlorogenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicated that if the correct plant material is used , the infused oils from Hypericum perforatum may contain active components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classification of Spanish extra virgin olive oils by data fusion of visible spectroscopic fingerprints and chemical descriptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of visible fingerprints and physical - chemical parameters in combination with multivariate data analysis was examined to classify extra virgin olive oils ( EVOOs ) from different Spanish regions according to their geographical origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Firstly , spectral and quality parameters matrices were processed separately and subsequently were joined to evaluate the effect of synergy on the information obtained from the different methodologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linear discriminant analysis ( LDA ) and partial least squares discriminant analysis ( PLS - DA ) were performed as classification methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed a perfect discrimination between the defined categories after performing PLS - DA on the Fused matrix , reaching 100 % of correct classifications and showed a clear improvement in the overall prediction rates ( 92 . 5 % ) , so that the effect of synergy was confirmed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These accurate results emphasise the feasibility of the proposed strategy and encourage the development of similar approaches based on visible spectroscopy in olive oil quality and traceability determination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory effects of phenolic crude extracts from five fractions of Corchorus Olitorius L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corchorus olitorius L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is grown in Taiwan during summer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tender leaves are crushed and washed by running water before eating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five fractions including crude phenolic extracts ( using 80 per cent aqueous acetone ) of whole plant , leaf , stem , washed leaf ( WL ) and dried water washing material ( WW ) were used in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linoleic acid autoxidation inhibitions on all fractions were higher than that on alpha - tocopherol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Except for WL and WW , other fractions also showed DPPH radical scavenging efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of all fractions on the regulation of inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulated J774A . 1 macrophage cells was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All fractions diminished LPS - induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX - 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostaglandin E2 ( PGE ( 2 ) ) , downstream products , were also suppressed in dose - dependent manners , except for WL and WW .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "PGE ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative modification and loss of leaf phenolics after kneading and washing greatly affected DPPH radical scavenging and inflammatory responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Storage stability of hen egg white powders in three protein / water dough model systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , due to the specific health benefits associated with bioactive peptides and the reduction of protein allergenicity by enzymatic hydrolysis , the utilisation of protein hydrolysates in the intermediate - moisture food ( IMF ) market , such as high protein nutrition bars ( HPNB ) , has significantly increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , no reported study is related to the storage stability of dried hen egg white ( DEW ) and its hydrolysates ( HEW ) in an IMF matrix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , three DEW / HEW dough model systems ( 100 % HEW + 0 % DEW , 75 % HEW + 25 % DEW and 50 % HEW + 50 % DEW ) were established using two commercial spray - dried egg white powders to study the effect of temperature and fraction of HEW on these IMF models ( water activity ( a ( w ) ) : ~ 0 . 8 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During storage at three different temperatures ( 23 , 35 and 45 degrees C ) for 70 days , the selected physicochemical properties of the dough systems were compared .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , kinetic analysis showed an apparent zero - order model fit for the change in the colour ( L ( * ) ) , fluorescence intensity ( FI ) and hardness , as a function of time , for different dough model systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , the L ( * ) , FI and hardness increased as a function of time mainly due to the Maillard reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of free amino groups decreased , with an increase in rate of loss , as temperature increased in the 100 % HEW + 0 % DEW model .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When DEW was substituted for some HEW , the regeneration of the free amino groups after loss was observed as a function of time .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , when the percentage of HEW was decreased , the incidence of mouldy samples occurred sooner , which indicates that HEW has some antimicrobial ability , especially in the 100 % HEW + 0 % DEW system where mould growth did not occur .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of isotope dilution mass spectrometric ( ID - MS ) method to determine niacin in infant formula , breakfast cereals and multivitamins .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An isotope dilution LC / mass spectrometric ( ID - LC / MS ) method was developed as a candidate reference method for the accurate determination of niacin in infant formula , breakfast cereals and multivitamin .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After spiking nicotinamide - d ( 4 ) as an internal standard , infant formula and breakfast cereal samples were hydrolysed under alkaline condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotinamide - d ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples were then analysed in SRM mode to detect nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid - d ( 4 ) at m / z 124 --> 80 and 127 --> 84 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "nicotinic acid - d ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case of multivitamin sample that contains mainly free nicotinamide , LC / MS monitored nicotinamide and nicotinamide - d ( 4 ) at their SRM channels of m / z 123 --> 80 and m / z 127 --> 84 , respectively , after simple extraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide - d ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The repeatability and reproducibility were tested for the validation of the developed ID / LC - MS method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the developed analytical method was applied to determine total niacin contents in homogenised infant formula , homogenised multivitamin , and commercially available products including different types of infant formula , breakfast cereals , and multivitamin tablets .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymoquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "limonene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypolipidemic and antioxidant actions of thymoquinone ( TQ ) and limonene ( LMN ) were investigated by giving 1 ml of 10mg TQ or 200mg LMN suspension , by gavage in two equal doses ( morning and evening ) of 0 . 5 ml each for 30 days , in rats , fed an atherogenic suspension .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymoquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "limonene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "LMN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "LMN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds effectively ameliorated all the altered cardiovascular risk parameters via a reduction in HMG - CoA reductase activity , along with an increase in arylesterase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds significantly blocked the shift in buoyancy from less atherogenic lb - LDL to highly atherogenic sd - LDL , restoring the percent distribution of LDL - C and apoB into sd - LDL and lb - LDL to near normal levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds also blocked basal and maximal formation of CD and malondialdehyde , and lengthened the lag times of LDL , sd - LDL and lb - LDL in the order TQ > LMN .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "LMN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results strongly suggest an important therapeutic use of test compounds , especially TQ , in the prevention of cardiovascular disease risks parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of sodium caseinate concentration and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of oil - in - water emulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidative stability of various oils ( sunflower , camelina and fish ) and 20 % oil - in - water ( O / W ) emulsions , were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean particle size decreased from 1179 to 325 nm as sodium caseinate ( emulsifier ) concentration was increased from 0 . 25 % to 3 % in O / W emulsions ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the microfluidisation pressure from 21 to 138 MPa , resulted in a particle size decrease from 289 to 194 nm ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emulsified oils had lower detectable lipid hydroperoxide and p - Anisidine values than their corresponding bulk oils ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "p - Anisidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lipid hydroperoxide and p - Anisidine values of emulsions generally decreased as sodium caseinate concentration increased , and similarly decreased as microfluidisation pressure increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "p - Anisidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing storage temperature of the emulsions from 5 to 60 degrees C , resulted in lower detectable lipid oxidation products during storage ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity and nutritional quality of traditional red - grained rice varieties containing proanthocyanidins .", "entity": [{"entity": "proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proanthocyanidin - containing rice varieties have been rarely reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Proanthocyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant capacity , major antioxidant components , and nutritional parameters of eight traditional red - grained rice varieties containing proanthocyanidins grown in Sri Lanka were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tested traditional red varieties , on the average , had over sevenfold higher both total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content than three light brown - grained new - improved rice varieties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major antioxidant phenolic compounds identified in this study included proanthocyanidins , phenolic acids and gamma - oryzanols ( ferulic acid derivatives ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 88]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "gamma - oryzanols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proanthocyanidins were detected only in the traditional red varieties , but not found in new - improved ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most traditional red varieties also contained significantly higher levels of protein with well balanced amino acids and higher contents of fat , fibre and vitamin E ( tocopherols and tocotrienols ) than the new - improved ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "tocotrienols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Great variations in antioxidant capacity , major phenolics , and nutritional parameters were observed among different rice varieties .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These Sri Lankan traditional red - grained rice varieties containing proanthocyanidins may be used as important genetic sources for rice breeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "proanthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxytyrosyl ethyl ether exhibits stronger intestinal anticarcinogenic potency and effects on transcript profiles compared to hydroxytyrosol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxytyrosyl ethyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anticarcinogenic activity of hydroxytyrosyl ethyl ether ( HTy - Et ) compared to its precursor hydroxytyrosol ( HTy ) has been studied in human Caco - 2 colon adenocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosyl ethyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 59]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "451 and 977 genes were differentially expressed in Caco - 2 cells exposed to HTy or HTy - Et for 24h , respectively , compared with untreated cells ( P < 0 . 005 ; FDR = 0 ) , using Affymetrix microarrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that both HTy and HTy - Et inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle by up - regulating p21 and CCNG2 and down - regulating CCNB1 protein expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HTy and HTy - Et also altered the transcription of specific genes involved in apoptosis , as suggested by the up - regulation of BNIP3 , BNIP3L , PDCD4 and ATF3 and the activation of caspase - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , these polyphenols up - regulated xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes UGT1A10 and CYP1A1 , enhancing carcinogen detoxification .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , these results highlight that HTy and its derivative HTy - Et modulate molecular mechanisms involved in colon cancer , with HTy - Et being more effective than HTy .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "HTy - Et", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "HTy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of ethyl carbamate in cacha c a produced from copper stills by HPLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl carbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethyl carbamate ( EC ) is a common substance in fermented foods and drinks , and its quantification is important because of its carcinogenic nature and its usually presence in alcoholic beverages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethyl carbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work involved the development and validation of an analytical method for the evaluation of EC in cacha c a by HPLC - FLD after previous derivatization with xanthydrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthydrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method presented a mean recovery of 94 . 88 % , an intra - day precision of 4 . 19 % ( 30 . 0 mu gL ( - 1 ) ) and 3 . 32 % ( 75 . 0 mu gL ( - 1 ) ) , a coefficient of determination ( r ( 2 ) ) equal to 0 . 9985 , and limits of detection and quantification equal to 6 . 39 and 21 . 32 mu gL ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that the analytical method is accurate , reproducible and linear over the concentration range from 5 . 0 to 160 mu g of EC per litre .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was applied to the analysis of EC in cacha c a , the analyses being rapid and efficient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moisture diffusivity in food materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper investigates whether moisture diffusion can be predicted for food materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We focus especially on mixtures of glucose homopolymers and water .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictions are based on three theories : ( 1 ) the Darken relation , linking the mutual diffusivity to the self diffusivities , ( 2 ) the generalised Stokes - Einstein relation for the solute self diffusivity , and ( 3 ) the free volume theory for water self diffusivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using literature data obtained for the whole class of glucose homopolymer , we show that these theories predict the moisture diffusivity for the whole range of volume fractions , from zero to one , and a broad range of temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show that the theories equally holds for other hydrophilic biopolymers one finds in food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the concentrated regime , all experimental data collapse to a single curve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This universal behaviour arises because these biopolymers form a hydrogen bonded network , where water molecules move via rearrangement of the free volume .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of the effect of gelatine , egg albumin and cross - flow microfiltration on the phenolic composition of Pinotage wine .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of fining and cross - flow microfiltration on the phenolic composition of red wine was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both gelatine ( G ) and egg albumin ( EA ) fining decreased the mean degree of polymerisation ( mDP ) of tannin significantly by 26 . 4 % and 25 . 2 % , respectively , compared to the control ( C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - flow microfiltration ( CF ) also decreased the mDP significantly by 25 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the fining agents and cross - flow microfiltration selectively removed the highly polymerised phenols .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 . 5 months of bottle ageing , differences between the different treatments and the control decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CF had the most significant effect on the flavan - 3 - ol and polymeric phenol ( tannin ) content of the wines compared to the control followed by G fining .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavan - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "polymeric phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "tannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CF and EA treatments significantly decreased the total pigment content compared to C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CF was also the only treatment that could be distinguished from the other treatments by sensory analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All treatments improved clarity of the wines with cross - flow microfiltration having the largest effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iron and zinc bioavailability in Caco - 2 cells : influence of caseinophosphopeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study has been made of the influence of two pools of caseinophosphopeptides ( CPPs ) obtained from alpha ( s ) - and beta - casein ( CN ) fractions , and of three specific CPPs ( beta - CN ( 1 - 25 ) 4P , alpha ( s1 ) - CN ( 64 - 74 ) 4P and alpha ( s2 ) - CN ( 1 - 19 ) 4P ) , on iron bioavailability ( ferritin synthesis ) and zinc bioavailability ( retention , transport and uptake of zinc ) in Caco - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 287]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 335]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [390, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha - CPP and beta - CPP pools did not improve ferritin synthesis , but the three specific CPPs showed an increase in ferritin synthesis in Caco - 2 cells versus iron sulphate , beta - CN ( 1 - 25 ) 4P being the most effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In relation to zinc bioavailability , alpha - CPPs , beta - CPPs , alpha ( s1 ) - CN ( 64 - 74 ) 4P and beta - CN ( 1 - 25 ) 4P increased zinc uptake .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this increase was of the same order as the increase due to the presence of zinc sulphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physical characteristics and emulsification properties of partially dephosphorylated bovine beta - casein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bovine beta - casein was purified from phosphocasein by rennet coagulation and cold solubilisation from the resultant curd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beta - Casein was then dephosphorylated using potato acid phosphatase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urea - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( PAGE ) of partially dephosphorylated beta - casein showed a number of bands , depending on the final level of phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "polyacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dephosphorylating beta - casein increased its pH of minimum solubility from ~ pH 5 to 5 . 5 and reduced its net negative charge from - 30 . 8 to - 27 . 0 mV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the acidification of beta - casein solutions , partially dephosphorylated beta - casein failed to form a gel , unlike the phosphorylated ( i . e . , control ) beta - casein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of partially dephosphorylated beta - casein to stabilise oil - in - water emulsions resulted in larger fat globules compared to control beta - casein , but such globules were less susceptible to aggregation in the presence of 15 or 30 mM CaCl ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaCl ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the dephosphorylation of beta - casein resulted in a protein similar to human beta - casein in terms of physicochemical functionality , with increased stability against calcium - induced aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rapid determination method for ethylenethiourea in potato and cucumber by modified QuEChERS - high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenethiourea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of ethylenethiourea ( ETU ) in potatoes and cucumbers is developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenethiourea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "ETU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method employs modified QuEChERS followed by high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC - MS / MS ) analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETU was extracted by alkaline acetonitrile ( containing 1 % NH ( 3 ) . H ( 2 ) 0 ) , separated on a ZIC - pHILIC column , confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode with electrospray ionisation source .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "NH ( 3 ) . H ( 2 ) 0", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This modified procedure showed satisfactory recovery ( 90 . 6 - 103 . 5 % ) fortified at the range of 0 . 005 - 0 . 05 mg kg ( - 1 ) with relative standard deviation ( RSD ) < 7 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limits of detection ( LOD ) and the limits of quantification ( LOQ ) were 0 . 002 mg kg ( - 1 ) and 0 . 005 mg kg ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matrix effect and HILIC retention mechanism were also evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was finally applied to detect ETU in potato and cucumber samples collected at harvest period .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residues of ETU were detected in four cucumber samples with the level lower than LOQ .", "entity": [{"entity": "ETU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple mutations of the critical amino acid residues for the sweetness of the sweet - tasting protein , brazzein .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously identified critical residues important for sweetness of the sweet protein brazzein by site - directed mutagenesis ( Yoon , Kong , Jo , & Kong , 2011 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to elucidate the interaction mechanisms of brazzein with the sweet taste receptor , we made multiple mutations of three residues ( His31 in loop 30 - 33 , Glu36 in beta - strand III , and Glu41 in loop 40 - 43 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "His31", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "Glu36", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 169]}, {"entity": "Glu41", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that all double mutations ( H31R / E36D , H31R / E41A and E36D / E41A ) made the molecules sweeter than des - pE1M - brazzein and three single mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the triple mutation ( H31R / E36D / E41A ) made the molecule significantly sweeter than three double mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results strongly support the hypothesis that brazzein binds to the multisite surface of the sweet taste receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings also suggest that mutations reducing the overall negative charge and / or increasing the positive charge favour sweet - tasting protein potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of 3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA oxidation products in virgin olive oil by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secoiridoid derivatives are the most important antioxidants of virgin olive oil ( VOO ) , and their oxidation products could be used as molecular markers of VOO freshness to define the VOO autoxidation state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Secoiridoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this research was to characterise the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol ( 3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA ) oxidation products to find analytical indicators that could be used as early evaluation index of the VOO autoxidation state .", "entity": [{"entity": "dialdehydic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "decarboxymethyl elenolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 98]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA was oxidised by enzymatic and Fenton reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - DHPEA - EDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Terpenic structure oxidation products accumulated in VOO during the autoxidation process , thus they may be used as early evaluation index of the VOO autoxidation state before fatty acids oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of Azocompost and urea on the herbage yield and contents and compositions of essential oils from two genotypes of dragonhead ( Dracocephalum moldavica L . ) in two regions of Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dragonhead is an annual , herbaceous , balm - scented and spicy aromatic member of the family Lamiaceae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined effects of different sources of nitrogen on the content and composition of essential oils in two genotypes of dragonhead in two regions of Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sources of nitrogen used were 100 % urea ( 70 kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) , 75 % urea ( 52 . 5 kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + 25 % Azocompost ( 3 . 85 tonha ( - 1 ) ) , 50 % urea ( 35 kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + 50 % Azocompost ( 7 . 77 tonha ( - 1 ) ) , 25 % urea ( 17 . 5 kg N ha ( - 1 ) ) + 75 % Azocompost ( 11 . 55 tonha ( - 1 ) ) , and 100 % Azocompost ( 15 . 55 tonha ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimal yield and content of essential oil at both locations for both genotypes were obtained by applying 50 % urea + 50 % Azocompost .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geraniol , geranial , and geranyl acetate were the most abundant compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Geraniol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "geranial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "geranyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For both genotypes and both locations , application of 50 % urea + 50 % Azocompost increased levels of geraniol and geranial , and application of Azocompost alone increased levels of geranyl acetate .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "geraniol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "geranial", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "geranyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , we conclude that the application of 50 % urea with 50 % Azocompost is recommended for optimising the content and composition of essential oils in dragonhead .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro digestibility and starch content , predicted glycemic index and potential in vitro antidiabetic effect of lentil sprouts obtained by different germination techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study focuses on changes in starch content and expected glycemic index ( eGI ) caused by different sprouting methods of lentil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On germination , a decrease was observed in total starch content ( TS ) , alpha - amylase inhibitors activity ( alpha AI ) and eGI values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After elicitation , the highest TS content was determined in 3 - day - old control sprouts ( 100 . 9 mg / gf . m . ) , whereas the lowest was in 4 - day - old sprouts induced with 300 mM NaCl ( 57 . 8 mg / gf . m . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistant starch ( RS ) content was most effectively increased by induction with 600 mM mannitol .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest eGI values were determined for 3 - day - old sprouts induced with 300 mM NaCl , whereas the lowest were for 6 - day - old sprouts induced with 100mM NaCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In treated sprouts starch digestibility was connected with alpha AI activity and RS content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprouting conditions can modify starch content , its potential bioavailability and eGI values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of this process will allow for the maximum nutritional benefit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular and functional properties of gelatin from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket as affected by extracting temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatins extracted from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket at different temperatures ( 45 , 55 , 65 and 75 degrees C ) in the presence and the absence of soybean trypsin inhibitor ( SBTI ; 100 units / g pretreated skin ) for 12h were characterised .", "entity": [{"entity": "trypsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the addition of SBTI resulted in the lower yield , regardless of extraction temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher yield was obtained when higher extraction temperature was used ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin from skin extracted at 75 degrees C in the absence of SBTI showed the highest yield ( 10 . 66 +/- 0 . 41 % ) ( based on dry weight ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest alpha - amino group content was observed in gelatin extracted at 55 degrees C without SBTI incorporated .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band intensity of beta - chain and alpha - chains increased as the extraction temperature increased , particularly above 55 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin extracted at 65 degrees C with and without SBTI incorporation exhibited the highest gel strength ( 178 . 00 +/- 7 . 50 g and 170 . 47 +/- 1 . 30 g , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR spectra indicated that a greater loss of molecular order of triple helix with a higher degradation was found in gelatin extracted at 55 degrees C in the absence SBTI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin extracted at 65 degrees C , either with or without SBTI , had the highest EAI and ESI with high foam expansion and stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the extraction of gelatin from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket at temperature sufficiently high could render the gelatin with less degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification and identification of lipolysis - stimulating peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to purify and identify lipolysis - stimulating peptides derived from Flavourzyme (R) - soy protein isolate ( SPI ) hydrolysate ( F - SPIH ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycerol release was employed as a marker for lipolysis in 3T3 - L1 adipocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A higher glycerol release represents a better lipolysis - stimulating activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptide fraction with highest glycerol release obtained from F - SPIH fractionated by sequential ultrafiltration membranes was further purified using gel filtration chromatography and two steps of reverse - phase high - performance liquid chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptides were identified using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry ( LC / MS / MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three lipolysis - stimulating peptides were obtained , and the amino acid sequences were ILL , LLL and VHVV , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro effect of gastrointestinal proteases on lipolysis - stimulating activity of synthetic ILL , LLL and VHVV , respectively , was also investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result suggested that the gastrointestinal protease did not affect lipolysis - stimulating activity of the three novel peptides , which reveals their potential to act as anti - obesity ingredients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vitexin - 2 - O - xyloside , raphasatin and ( - ) - epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate synergistically affect cell growth and apoptosis of colon cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vitexin - 2 - O - xyloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "raphasatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "( - ) - epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic effects of the combination of the food components vitexin - 2 - O - xyloside ( X ) , raphasatin ( 4 - methylsulphanyl - 3 - butenyl isothiocyanates ; G ) and ( - ) - epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate ( E ) were investigated in colon ( LoVo and CaCo - 2 ) and breast ( MDA - MB - 231 and MCF - 7 ) cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitexin - 2 - O - xyloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 86]}, {"entity": "raphasatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "4 - methylsulphanyl - 3 - butenyl isothiocyanates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 157]}, {"entity": "( - ) - epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breast cancer cells were more resistant than colon cells to X , G and E inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , marked synergistic effects among X , G and E on cell growth were found in both colon cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis revealed a G0 / G1 arrest of the phase cell progression and apoptosis , linked to modulation of Bax , Bcl2 , caspase - 9 and poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase as well as Reactive Oxygen Species ( ROS ) generation in both colon cancer cells , whereas apoptosis and ROS were not significantly detected in normal human lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the X , G and E mixture might act by mitochondrial pathway activation of apoptosis , possibly elicited by ROS and the mixture may be effective in the chemoprevention of colon cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absorption and urinary excretion of A - type procyanidin oligomers from Litchi chinensis pericarp in rats by selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - type procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intervention studies with A - type oligomeric procyanidins from litchi ( Litchi chinensis ) pericarp ( LPOPC ) suggested its protective effect against cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is no consensus on the absorption and metabolism of LPOPC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was demonstrated that the main components in LPOPC were ( - ) - epicatechin , A - type procyanidin dimers , trimers and tetramers .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 78]}, {"entity": "A - type procyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were orally administered different levels of LPOPC ( 150 and 300 mg / kgbw ) , the procyanidins and their microbial metabolites in urine were identified by HPLC - MS / MS analysis 18 h post - administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "procyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data indicated that seven aromatic acid metabolites excreted were significantly increased by 300 mg / kgbw of LPOPC ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only ( - ) - epicatechin and its methylated derivatives were detected in rat plasma 1h after 300 mg / kgbw of LPOPC administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total EC content absorbed in plasma was only 2 . 54 +/- 0 . 53 mu mol / L , indicating that the biological properties of LPOPC should be probably explained by its microbial degraded phenolic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolics content and antioxidant and anti - inflammatory activities of legume fractions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two faba bean ( Vicia faba L . ) subspecies major and minor and lentil seeds grown in Algeria were separated into cotyledons and hulls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fractions , together with their corresponding whole seeds , were extracted with two solvents , aqueous ( 70 % ) acetone and ( 80 % ) ethanol , and evaluated for antioxidant activity in relation to their phenolic contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetone selectively extracted tannins from faba beans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hulls always exhibited high antioxidant activity , measured using the reducing power ( RP ) , antiradical activity ( DPPH ) or oxygen radical absorbance capacity ( ORAC ) assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aqueous ethanol ( 80 % ) extract of lentil hulls exhibited high antioxidant and anti - inflammatory activities preferentially inhibiting 15 - LOX ( IC ( 50 ) , 55 mu g / ml ) , with moderate COX - 1 ( IC ( 50 ) , 66 mu g / ml ) and COX - 2 ( IC ( 50 ) , 119 mu g / ml ) inhibitory effects on the COX pathway , whereas faba bean hull extracts exerted relatively mild LOX inhibitory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microbial metabolites , but not other phenolics derived from grape seed phenolic extract , are transported through differentiated Caco - 2 cell monolayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grape seed phenolic extract ( GSE ) is predicted to have health benefits , even though its bioavailability , including digestibility , permeability and ultimate metabolism , are still poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro gastric and pancreatic digestion and in vitro ileal and faecal fermentation were combined with Caco - 2 cell permeability studies for GSE samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qualitatively , there was no change in type / number of GSE compounds following gastric and pancreatic digestion and LC - MS analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the monomers were significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) increased after gastric digestion , along with a significant ( P < 0 . 05 ) decrease in polymers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , all forms of phenolic compounds decreased following pancreatic digestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , none of the original GSE phenolic compounds passed the Caco - 2 cell monolayer , since all were recovered in the apical compartment .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the two intestinal microbiota metabolites with deprotonated molecular weights of [ M - H ] - 165 / 121 and 193 / 175 , that were found both in the ileal and faecal fermented samples , passed the Caco - 2 cell monolayer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancing the production of galacto - oligosaccharides by mutagenesis of Sulfolobus solfataricus beta - galactosidase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galacto - oligosaccharides ( GOS ) , an important class of functional food , are commonly produced from lactose using beta - galactosidase .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , beta - galactosidase ( LacS ) from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 was cloned and site - directed mutagenesis was performed to obtain two mutants , F359Q and F441Y .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the wild - type enzyme and mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 ( DE3 ) and purified to homogeneity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzymatic properties and optimal condition for transglycosylation reaction of the enzymes were investigated in detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under their individual optimal conditions , yields of GOS could reach 50 . 9 % for wild - type enzyme , 58 . 3 % for F359Q , and 61 . 7 % for F441Y .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the potential mechanism for this enhancement was analysed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of adulteration in honey samples added various sugar syrups with 13C / 12C isotope ratio analysis method .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "13C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "12C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Honey can be adulterated in various ways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the adulteration methods is the addition of different sugar syrups during or after honey production .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starch - based sugar syrups , high fructose corn syrup ( HFCS ) , glucose syrup ( GS ) and saccharose syrups ( SS ) , which are produced from beet or canes , can be used for adulterating honey .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "saccharose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , adulterated honey samples were prepared with the addition of HFCS , GS and SS ( beet sugar ) at a ratio of 0 % , 10 % , 20 % , 40 % and 50 % by weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 13 ) C / ( 12 ) C analysis was conducted on these adulterated honey samples using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer in combination with an elemental analyser ( EA - IRMS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "( 12 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , adulteration using C ( 4 ) sugar syrups ( HFCS and GS ) could be detected to a certain extent while adulteration of honey using C ( 3 ) sugar syrups ( beet sugar ) could not be detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adulteration by using SS ( beet sugar ) still has a serious detection problem , especially in countries in which beet is used in manufacturing sugar .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , practice and analysis methods are needed to meet this deficit and to detect the adulterations precisely in the studies that will be conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of TiO2 photocatalytic activity in a HDPE - based food packaging on the structural and microbiological stability of a short - ripened cheese .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high density polyethylene ( HDPE ) / calcium carbonate ( CaCO ( 3 ) ) film containing TiO ( 2 ) was prepared via blown film extrusion process .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "CaCO ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photocatalytic properties of this film were evaluated by voltammetric , UV - Vis spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic measurements following the decomposition rate of suitably selected molecular probes , such as 4 - hydroxybenzoic acid and methylene blue .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - hydroxybenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 245]}, {"entity": "methylene blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The film containing 1 % w / w of TiO ( 2 ) displayed a profitable and reproducible photoinduced degradation activity towards target organic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of packaging photocatalytic activity on the structural and microbiological stability of a short - ripened cheese was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cheese structure was assessed by dynamic , small deformation rheological tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A container consisting of a multilayer material , where the layer brought in contact with the food , made from the HDPE + CaCO ( 3 ) + TiO ( 2 ) composite matrix , was able to provide a greater maintenance of the original cheese structure than a rigid container currently used , mainly due to the inhibition of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaCO ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "lactic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 322]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of fatty acid composition in Camellia oleifera oil by near infrared transmittance spectroscopy ( NITS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the serious circumstances of Camellia oleifera adulteration , the accurate examination for quality trait of C . oleifera oil is extremely urgent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For rapid determination of FA composition in C . oleifera oil , the feasibility of NITS was first studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative models for FA were built based on PLS regression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NITS spectra is able to accurately predict for oleic , linoleic , and palmitic acids ( R ( cv ) > 0 . 844 , R ( 2 ) > 0 . 886 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic , linoleic , and palmitic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R ( cv ) are 0 . 91987 , 0 . 95755 , and 0 . 84447 , and R ( 2 ) are 0 . 9424 , 0 . 9682 , 0 . 8862 for NITS models of oleic , linoleic , and palmitic acids , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic , linoleic , and palmitic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But models for stearic and unsaturated acids are less accurate , with values of R ( cv ) from 0 . 67440 to 0 . 69114 , and R ( 2 ) from 0 . 6834 to 0 . 7587 .", "entity": [{"entity": "stearic and unsaturated acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that NITS will have potential to be used in predicting FA composition of C . oleifera oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyto - genotoxic and oxidative effects of a continuous UV - C treatment of liquid egg products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - C treatment of food is a promising non - thermal processing technology to improve food safety and preservation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the chemical constituents of food absorb UV - C light that can lead to chemical modifications and quality changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work investigated the effects of UV - C treatment of liquid egg products on lipid , protein oxidations and potential cyto - and genotoxic effects on intestinal epithelial cells in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Egg preparations ( egg white , yolk , liquid whole egg ) were treated with UV - C ( 254 nm , volumetric doses between 0 and 115 , 619 J L ( - 1 ) ) using a commercial UV - C processing unit equipped with a Dean Flow reactor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - C treatment at high doses ( from 32 , 181 J L ( - 1 ) , about 2 times higher than that needed to inactivate 5 log of relevant microorganisms ) showed an increased lipid oxidation in egg yolk and slight effects in liquid whole eggs ; this was confirmed by slightly but not statistically significant increased peroxide values .", "entity": [{"entity": "peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV - C induced also slight protein damage , characterised by the total sulfhydryl group reduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These UV - C - induced oxidative modifications in egg preparations however did not cause any increase in the cyto - or genotoxic ( DNA strand breaks ) effects in intestinal Caco - 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification and characterisation of a novel antioxidant peptide derived from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) protein hydrolysate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein derived from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) was hydrolysed using four kinds of proteases ( pepsin , papain , neutrase and alcalase ) , and the neutrase hydrolysate ( BNH ) obtained by 3 - h hydrolysis exhibited the highest 2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) radical scavenging activity compared to other hydrolysates .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 268]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using ultrafiltration , gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ( RP - HPLC ) , a novel antioxidant peptide ( BNH - P7 ) was isolated from BNH , and its amino acid sequence was identified as YPPAK ( Tyr - Pro - Pro - Ala - Lys ) with molecular weight of 574 Da .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 214]}, {"entity": "Tyr - Pro - Pro - Ala - Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BNH - P7 exhibited good scavenging activity on DPPH radical , hydroxyl radical , and superoxide anion radical with EC ( 50 ) of 2 . 62 , 0 . 228 , and 0 . 072 mg / ml , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BNH - P7 was also effectively against lipid peroxidation in a linoleic acid model system .", "entity": [{"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high activity of BNH - P7 was due to the small size and the presence of antioxidant and hydrophobic amino acid residues ( Tyr and Pro ) within its sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "Pro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volatile profiling of high quality hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana L . ) : chemical indices of roasting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study proposes an investigation strategy to identify sensitive , robust and reliable chemical markers of hazelnut roasting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fully - automated and validated analytical method , based on Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ( HS - SPME ) coupled with Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometric detection ( GC - MS ) , for effective off - line monitoring of changes in the volatile profile of high - quality hazelnuts was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Samples from two different harvests were submitted to roasting , following different time / temperature protocols and different technologies , enabling chemical changes to be correlated with technological processing and sensory quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical indices , expressed as analyte response ratio , were defined and their trend observed across roasting profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reliability and robustness of chemical indices were also evaluated , in view of their application to on - line monitoring with Mass Spectrometry - based electronic nose technology ( MS - nose ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments , simulating on - line chemical characterisation of the volatile fraction , were performed through a fully - automated system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results confirmed : ( a ) the effectiveness of single process indicators of roasting selected by the separative method ( 5 - methylfurfural , 1 ( H ) - pyrrole , furfuryl alcohol , 1 ( H ) - pyrrole - 2 - carboxaldehyde , 1 - hydroxy - 2 - propanone , dihydro - 2 ( 3H ) - furanone , 5 - methyl - ( E ) - 2 - hepten - 4 - one , acetic acid , pyridine , furfural , pyrazine , and several alkyl - pyrazines ) ; and , ( b ) the reliability of proposed chemical indices : 5 - methylfurfural / 2 , 5 - dimethylpyrazine , 5 - methylfurfural / 2 - methylpyrazine , 2 , 5 - dimethylpyrazine / 2 , 3 - dimethylpyrazine ; these maintained a consistent trend versus harvest and sampling / analysis technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - methylfurfural", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 143]}, {"entity": "1 ( H ) - pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 163]}, {"entity": "furfuryl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 182]}, {"entity": "1 ( H ) - pyrrole - 2 - carboxaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 223]}, {"entity": "1 - hydroxy - 2 - propanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 253]}, {"entity": "dihydro - 2 ( 3H ) - furanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 285]}, {"entity": "5 - methyl - ( E ) - 2 - hepten - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 329]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 343]}, {"entity": "pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 354]}, {"entity": "furfural", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [357, 365]}, {"entity": "pyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [368, 376]}, {"entity": "alkyl - pyrazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [391, 408]}, {"entity": "5 - methylfurfural", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [472, 490]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 - dimethylpyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [493, 517]}, {"entity": "5 - methylfurfural", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [520, 538]}, {"entity": "2 - methylpyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [541, 559]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 - dimethylpyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [562, 586]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 - dimethylpyrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [589, 613]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection , isolation and characterisation of cyclolinopeptides J and K in ageing flax .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclolinopeptides J and K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methionine sulfone containing peptides CLs J ( 11 ) and K ( 12 ) may be produced from their reduced forms by oxidation but it is not known if these compounds occur in foods that contain flax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methionine sulfone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds have been reported to possess greater immunosuppressive activity than their reduced methionine sulfoxide peptide forms 4 and 6 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionine sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 11 and 12 have not been detected in commercial flax oil and milled flax seed , we tested for their presence in flax food products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that 11 and 12 accumulate in ground flaxseed that is exposed to air and heat ( 100 degrees C ) for more than 4h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standards of 11 and 12 were prepared , isolated and extensively characterised using HPLC - MS / MS , 1D and 2D NMR methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also report the excellent thermal and oxidative stability of these peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the harsh conditions required to produce 11 and 12 , it is expected that their levels in flax based foods would be low and therefore their presence could serve as an indicative measure of severe oxidation of a food product .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro antioxidant properties of crude extracts and compounds from brown algae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research on the bioactives from seaweeds has increased in recent years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity is one of the most studied , due to the interest of these compounds both as preservatives and protectors against oxidation in food and cosmetics and also due to their health implications , mainly in relation to their potential as functional ingredients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brown algae present higher antioxidant potential in comparison with red and green families and contain compounds not found in terrestrial sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro antioxidant chemical methods , used as a first approach to evaluate potential agents to protect from lipid oxidation in foods , confirmed that the brown algae crude extracts , fractions and pure components are comparatively similar or superior to synthetic antioxidants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particular emphasis on the fucoidan and phlorotannin polymeric fractions is given , considering variations associated with the species , collection area , season , and extraction and purification technologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of PCDD / Fs , dioxin - like PCBs , PBDEs , and hexachlorobenzene in fat samples from cattle of different ages and gender in Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCDD / Fs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "dioxin - like PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "hexachlorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins and dibenzofurans ( PCDD / Fs ) , dioxin - like polychlorinated biphenyls ( DL - PCBs ) , polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs ) , and hexachlorobenzene ( HCB ) concentrations were determined in abdominal fat samples from 30 cattle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins and dibenzofurans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 55]}, {"entity": "PCDD / Fs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "dioxin - like polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 111]}, {"entity": "DL - PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 158]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 166]}, {"entity": "hexachlorobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 192]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationships between chemicals , age , and gender were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of PCDD / Fs ranged from 0 . 01 to 1 . 36 pg TEQ g ( - 1 ) fat , DL - PCBs ranged from 0 . 17 to 1 . 64 pg TEQ g ( - 1 ) fat , PBDEs ranged from 135 to 725 pgg ( - 1 ) fat , and HCB ranged from 25 . 5 to 2061 pgg ( - 1 ) fat .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCDD / Fs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "DL - PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison between cattle ' s age and gender vs . the concentration of contaminants revealed higher concentrations of PCDD / Fs and DL - PCBs in cattle aged more than 3 years ; no difference between genders was apparent .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCDD / Fs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "DL - PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the concentrations of PBDEs in cattle fat did not correspond with the age of cattle .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative to cattle 1 . 5 - 2 . 5 years of age , cattle aged 3 and 4 years had higher concentration of HCB but the concentration difference was not clear at age 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human exposures to these compounds from beef sources were calculated based on beef consumption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of various pressing programs and yields on the antioxidant activity , antimicrobial activity , phenolic content and colour of pomegranate juices .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pomegranate juice ( PJ ) samples were produced with three different pressing programs : ( 1 ) 1 . 2 - 4 . 8 bar for 25 min , ( 2 ) 1 . 2 - 2 . 4 bar for 15 min and ( 3 ) 1 . 2 - 1 . 8 bar for 5 . 5 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respective juice yields were 39 . 2 % , 33 . 2 % and 27 . 2 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of pressing pressure - time and yield on total phenolic ( TP ) content , condensed tannin ( CT ) content , monomeric anthocyanin ( MA ) content , antioxidant activity ( AOA ) and antimicrobial activity ( AMA ) of the samples were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "tannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong positive linear correlations were found between the pressing pressure with AOA ( r = 0 . 973 ) and TP content ( r = 0 . 979 ) , while negative logarithmic correlations were found between pressing pressure with the contents of CT ( r = - 0 . 778 ) and MA ( r = - 0 . 955 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among 12 microorganisms tested , Bacillus megaterium , Bacillus subtilis , Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas sp . were found to be sensitive to juice samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , increasing pressing pressure and yield did not lead to a significant change on the AMAs of the juices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of flavonoids in Mourat o n berries taken from both bunch halves .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galicia ( N . W . Spain ) is a Spanish region with several old - traditional winegrowing areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are autochthonous grapevine varieties , such as Vitis vinifera L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cv .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mourat o n , considered a biodiversity resource in viticulture and an opportunity for Galician sustainable wine production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is necessary to assess the potential of traditional cultivars to produce quality red wines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , anthocyanin and flavonol evolution was followed in red berries from V . vinifera L .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "flavonol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mourat o n .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novelty of this study is that grapes were separately collected from two different positions ( tips and shoulders ) within the cluster , over ripening to examine the effects of berry position within the fruit cluster on the flavonoid compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derivatives of five anthocyanins ( malvidin , peonidin , petunidin , delphinidin and cyanidin ) and derivatives of six flavonols ( quercetin , myricetin , kaempherol , laricitrin isorhamnetin and syringetin ) were detected in both positions within the cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "malvidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "peonidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "petunidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "delphinidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "cyanidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "myricetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "kaempherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "laricitrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "isorhamnetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 191]}, {"entity": "syringetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic of anthocyanins ( from 819 mg / kg to 1206 mg / kg in tips ; and from 786 mg / kg to 1077 mg / kg in shoulders ) and dynamic of flavonols ( from 25mg / kg to 41 mg / kg in tips ; and from 18 mg / kg to 21 mg / kg in shoulders ) confirmed their upward trends over ripening .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grapes located inside the shoulder bunch receive less sunlight radiation than those located inside the tip bunch and this fact could explain the different accumulation observed for both positions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results can be useful for winemakers in order to obtain different final red wine quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influences of muscle composition and structure of pork from different breeds on stability and textural properties of cooked meat emulsion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influences of composition and structure of meats from different pig breeds , including Duroc ( D ) , Large White ( LW ) , Landrace ( LR ) , two - way cross ( LR x LW ) and three - way cross ( D x [ LR x LW ] ) on stability and textural characteristics of cooked meat emulsions were studied by using partial least squares ( PLS ) regression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to other pig breeds , cooked meat emulsion from LW exhibited superior properties as indicated by lower water and fat released as well as higher chewiness , gumminess , cohesiveness , resilience , springiness and hardness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The univariate analyses of those selected properties indicated a significant correlation with higher contents of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins , smaller muscle fibre diameter and lower myofibril fragmentation of LW meat , as compared to other breeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore properties of cooked pork emulsion were influenced by composition and structure of meat , which varied according to the pig breeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A traceability study on the Moscato wine chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address the growing interest of consumers for information on the provenance of foodstuffs , the production chain of world renowned Moscato d ' Asti white wine has been studied using the distribution of lanthanides as chemical markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthanides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From soil to must , upon every stage of the chain , samples have been taken and analysed with ICP - MS in order to verify whether the original fingerprint of soil is maintained or not along the chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results of this traceability study show clearly that lanthanides fingerprint is kept unaltered in the passage soil - grapes - must , while fractionation occurs upon wine clarifying with bentonites .", "entity": [{"entity": "lanthanides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "bentonites", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second part of the work involves a study on 102 samples of Moscato d ' Asti musts in order to verify how they reflect the features of the different geographical zones where they come from , and to build a basis to be able to identify possible adulterations performed by addition of foreign musts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of a standardised human in vitro digestion protocol based on macronutrient digestion using response surface methodology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioaccessibility studies should be taken into account when evaluating the physiological effects of ingested compounds at the intestine level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several in vitro digestion protocols have been described , with a wide range of experimental conditions but no optimised protocol exists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to fill in this gap , we evaluated the influence of three continuous factors ( pH , incubation time , and enzyme concentrations ) , in the range of values found in literature , on the digestion of standard macronutrients ( starch , albumin , triolein ) alone or in mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "triolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three central composite designs , using response surface methodology , were employed to model the three abiotic steps of pre - colonic digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A validated in vitro digestion was eventually set up for the salivary step ( pH 6 . 9 , 5 min , 3 . 9 units alpha - amylase / ml ) , the gastric step ( pH 2 , 90 min , 71 . 2 units pepsin / ml ) , and the abiotic duodenal step ( pH 7 , 150 min , 9 . 2mg pancreatin and 55 . 2mg bile extract / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Purification , properties and cDNA cloning of glutamate decarboxylase in germinated faba bean ( Vicia faba L . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) is a non - protein amino acid with bioactive functions in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , glutamate decarboxylase ( EC 4 . 1 . 1 . 15 , GAD ) which is key in the GABA bioformation was purified from 5 - day germinated faba beans and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single band was observed at 58 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GAD optimal activity was at pH 6 . 0 at 40 degrees C with a K ( m ) value for glutamic acid ( Glu ) of 2 . 63 mM .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme was inhibited significantly by Cu ( 2 + ) , Fe ( 3 + ) , Mg ( 2 + ) , Ba ( 2 + ) , aminoxyacetate , EGTA , Na ( 2 ) EDTA , l - cysteine and beta - mercaptoethanol ; and activated at low Ca ( 2 + ) 0 . 2mM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "aminoxyacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "EGTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "Na ( 2 ) EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 131]}, {"entity": "l - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "beta - mercaptoethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 173]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using RT - PCR , the GAD cDNA was sequenced which indicated 1787 bp long , containing a 1527 bp open reading frame ( ORF ) that encoded 509 amino - acid peptides with a calculated molecular weight of 57 . 74 kDa and a pI of 5 . 41 ( GenBank accession number : JX444699 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Validation of methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in food .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential impact of nanomaterials on the environment and on human health has already triggered legislation requiring labelling of products containing nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , so far , no validated analytical methods for the implementation of this legislation exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper outlines a generic approach for the validation of methods for detection and quantification of nanoparticles in food samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It proposes validation of identity , selectivity , precision , working range , limit of detection and robustness , bearing in mind that each \" result \" must include information about the chemical identity , particle size and mass or particle number concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has an impact on testing for selectivity and trueness , which also must take these aspects into consideration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selectivity must not only be tested against matrix constituents and other nanoparticles , but it shall also be tested whether the methods apply equally well to particles of different suppliers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In trueness testing , information whether the particle size distribution has changed during analysis is required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results are largely expected to follow normal distributions due to the expected high number of particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An approach of estimating measurement uncertainties from the validation data is given .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of fish protein hydrolysate and freeze - thaw treatment on physicochemical and gel properties of natural actomyosin from Pacific cod .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The properties of natural actomyosin ( NAM ) containing 2 % or 8 % fish protein hydrolysate ( FPH - 2 , FPH - 8 ) or 8 % sucrose - sorbitol blend ( SuSo ) were compared to control NAM before and after freeze - thaw treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "sorbitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "SuSo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface hydrophobicity of control and FPH - 2 increased after freeze - thaw treatment , while that of FPH - 8 did not change , which may be related to greater thermostability of actin and myosin in FPH - 8 as observed by differential scanning calorimetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cooked gel of freeze - thawed control had 39 % expressible moisture after an 8 . 5 % cook loss , whereas gels of freeze - thawed SuSo , FPH - 2 and FPH - 8 had significantly lower expressible moisture ( 15 - 22 % ) and no cook loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "SuSo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gels of freeze - thawed FPH - 2 and FPH - 8 were similar to unfrozen control gel in hardness , cohesiveness and gumminess .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that FPH effectively stabilised NAM protein structure and function during freeze - thaw treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid quantification of muscle fat content and subcutaneous adipose tissue in fish using MRI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potentiality of MRI to quantify fat content in flesh and subcutaneous fat in fish cutlets was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low measurement time was aimed at in a view to handling large number of samples needed in selective breeding programs for example .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results on fresh and frozen - thawed cutlets were compared to assess this way of conservation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As MRI generates unwanted spatial variations of the signal , a correction method was developed enabling the measurement on several cutlets simultaneously in less than 3 min per sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For subcutaneous fat , the results were compared with vision measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High correlations between both techniques were found ( R ( 2 ) = 0 . 77 and 0 . 87 for the ventral and dorsal part ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fat in flesh was validated vs NMR measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No statistical difference was found between fresh and frozen - thawed cutlets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RMSE was respectively 0 . 8 % and 0 . 89 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results confirmed the potentiality of MRI for fat measurement in fish particularly for a large number of samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pesticide residues in market foods in Shaanxi Province of China in 2010 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the pesticide residues in market vegetables in Shaanxi Province of China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentrations of 33 pesticides were determined by gas chromatography ( GC ) in 285 samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten organophosphorus pesticides ( OPs ) were found in concentrations ranging from 0 . 004 to 0 . 257 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean levels of omethoate , phorate , chlorpyrifos , methidathion , ethoprophos in vegetables exceeded the maximum residue limits ( MRLs ) allowed by the Ministry of Health , of China .", "entity": [{"entity": "omethoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "phorate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "methidathion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "ethoprophos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other detectable OP pesticide residues levels were below their MRLs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dicofol were detectable in green pepper and chives samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dicofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five pyrethroid pesticides ( PYRs ) were detectable in vegetable samples respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrethroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide useful information on the current contamination status of a key agricultural area in China , and point to the need for urgent action to control the excessive use of some chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colour and stability assessment of blue ferric anthocyanin chelates in liquid pectin - stabilised model systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of blue coloured ferric anthocyanin chelates and their colour stability during storage and thermal treatment were monitored in a pH range relevant to food ( 3 . 6 - 5 . 0 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquid model systems were composed of different types of Citrus pectins , juices ( J ) and the respective phenolic extracts ( E ) from elderberry ( EB ) , black currant ( BC ) , red cabbage ( RC ) and purple carrot ( PC ) in the presence of ferric ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For EB , BC and PC , pure blue colours devoid of a violet tint were exclusively observed for the phenolic extracts and at pH values >= 4 . 5 in model systems containing high methoxylated and amidated pectins , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colour and its stability strongly depended on the amount of ferric ions and the plant source ; however , colour decay could generally be described as a pseudo - first - order kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite optimal colour hues for RC - E and RC - J , storage and heat stabilities were poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highest colour intensities and best stabilities were observed for model systems containing PC - E at a molar anthocyanin : ferric ion ratio of 1 : 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ascorbic and lactic acids interfered with ferric ions , thus significantly affecting blue colour evolution and stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ascorbic and lactic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colour loss strongly depended on heat exposure with activation energies ranging between 60 . 5 and 78 . 4 kJ / mol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comprehensive evaluation of the interrelationship of pigment source , pH conditions and pectin type on chelate formation and stability demonstrated that ferric anthocyanin chelates are promising natural blue food colourants .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined effect of starter culture and temperature on phenolic compounds during fermentation of Taggiasca black olives .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of two operative parameters on the fermentation process of table olives from Taggiasca cultivar were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laboratory scale fermentations were performed using Lactobacillus plantarum as the only starter and in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at three different temperatures ( 23 , 30 and 37 degrees C ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control tests used for each trial were fermented only by indigenous microflora .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH and phenolic compounds were monitored in the brine and olive flesh during the fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher temperatures ( 37 degrees C ) enhanced notably the release of phenolic compounds in the brine .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) analysis of brines evidenced the complete hydrolysis of oleuropein after 100 days of fermentation at 37 degrees C for all treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleuropein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant power of the extracts was linearly correlated to their polyphenol contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results confirmed the efficiency of treatments compared with the control tests for debittering process of table black olives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolic compounds in the brines can be then extracted and used in food , cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression patterns of cell cycle proteins in the livers of rats treated with hepatocarcinogens for 28 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some hepatocarcinogens induce cytomegaly , which reflects aberrant cell cycling and increased ploidy , from the early stages of administration to animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To clarify the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind cell cycle aberrations related to the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis , we performed gene expression analysis using microarrays and real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by immunohistochemical analysis in the livers of rats treated with the cytomegaly inducing hepatocarcinogens thioacetamide ( TAA ) , fenbendazole , and methyleugenol , the cytomegaly non - inducing hepatocarcinogen piperonyl butoxide ( PBO ) , or the non - carcinogenic hepatotoxicants acetaminophen and alpha - naphthyl isothiocyanate , for 28 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "thioacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 382]}, {"entity": "TAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [385, 388]}, {"entity": "fenbendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [393, 405]}, {"entity": "methyleugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [412, 425]}, {"entity": "piperonyl butoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [475, 493]}, {"entity": "PBO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [496, 499]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [546, 559]}, {"entity": "alpha - naphthyl isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [564, 595]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression profiling showed that cell cycle - related genes , especially those of G ( 2 ) / M phase , were mostly upregulated after TAA treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on cell cycle proteins that were upregulated by TAA treatment and on related proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All hepatocarcinogens , irrespective of their cytomegaly inducing potential , increased liver cells immunoreactive for p21 ( Cip1 ) , which acts on cells arrested in G ( 1 ) phase , and for Aurora B or Incenp , which is suggestive of an increase in a cell population with chromosomal instability caused by overexpression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PBO did not induce cell proliferation after 28 - day treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocarcinogens that induced cell proliferation after 28 - day treatment also caused an increase in p53 ( + ) cells in parallel with increased apoptotic cells , as well as increased population of cells expressing M phase - related proteins nuclear Cdc2 , phospho - Histone H3 , and HP1 alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that hepatocarcinogens may increase cellular populations arrested in G ( 1 ) phase or showing chromosomal instability after 28 - day treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocarcinogens that induce cell cycle facilitation may cause M phase arrest accompanied by apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "End - faced waveguide mediated optical propulsion of microspheres and single cells in a microfluidic device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single cell transport in microfluidic devices is a topic of interest as their utility is becoming appreciated by cell and molecular biologist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell transport should minimize mechanical stress due to friction or pressure gradients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical forces have the advantage of applying their forces across the cell volume and not only at the cell membrane and are thus preferable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical pushing by scattering force is a suitable candidate so highly dependent on the photon irradiance field inside the propagation capillary which in turn is determined by the waveguide properties delivering the radiation pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we present a numerical approach to predict the optical scattering force , speed and trajectory of cells as a function of waveguide and propagation capillary geometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental verification of the simulation approach is demonstrated using polystyrene microspheres and leukemia cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of optical fibre to waveguide alignment , capillary wall angle and temperature on the dynamic viscosity on speed and position of the microspheres and cells inside the propagation capillary are demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine 2A receptor modulates inflammation and phenotype in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of the adenosine 2A receptor ( A ( 2A ) R ) reduces inflammation in models of acute injury but contribution in development of chronic abdominal aortic aneurysms ( AAAs ) is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elastase perfusion to induce AAA formation in A ( 2A ) R - knockout ( A ( 2A ) RKO ) and C57BL6 / J wild - type ( WT ) mice resulted in nearly 100 % larger aneurysms in A ( 2A ) RKO compared to WT at d 14 ( P < 0 . 05 ) , with evidence of greater elastin fragmentation , more immune cell infiltration , and increased matrix metallatoproteinase ( MMP ) 9 expression ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separately , exogenous A ( 2A ) R antagonism in elastase - perfused WT mice also resulted in larger aneurysms ( P < 0 . 05 ) , while A ( 2A ) R agonism limited aortic dilatation ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activated Thy - 1 . 2 ( + ) T lymphocytes from WT mice treated in vitro with A ( 2A ) R antagonist increased cytokine production , and treatment with A ( 2A ) R agonist decreased cytokine production ( P < 0 . 05 for all ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary activated CD4 ( + ) T lymphocytes from A ( 2A ) RKO mice exhibited greater chemotaxis ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ( 2A ) R antagonist increased chemotaxis of activated CD4 ( + ) cells from WT mice in vitro , and A ( 2A ) R agonist reduced this effect ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ( 2A ) R activation attenuates AAA formation partly by inhibiting immune cell recruitment and reducing elastin fragmentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings support augmenting A ( 2A ) R signaling as a putative target for limiting aneurysm formation . - Bhamidipati , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M . , Mehta , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . , Moehle , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W . , Meher , A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K . , Su , G . , Vigneshwar , N .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G . , Barbery , C . , Sharma , A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K . , Kron , I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L . , Laubach , V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E . , Owens , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K . , Upchurch Jr . , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R . , Ailawadi , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectroscopic characterization and constitutional and rotational isomerism of ClC ( O ) SCN and ClC ( O ) NCS .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlorocarbonylthio - and isothiocyanate ( ClC ( O ) SCN and ClC ( O ) NCS ) have been isolated and characterized by IR ( Ar matrix , gas ) , Raman ( liquid ) , ( 13 ) C NMR and UV - visible spectroscopies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlorocarbonylthio - and isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 39]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vibrational and quantum chemical studies suggest the presence of the syn and anti conformers ( SCN group with respect to the C = O bond ) in the gas phase for both constitutional isomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "C = O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "syn - ClC ( O ) SCN is preferred by Delta H degrees ( anti / syn ) = 1 . 3 ( 0 . 3 ) kcal mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "syn - ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solid - state structure of ClC ( O ) SCN has been determined by single crystal X - ray diffraction analysis at low temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystalline solid consists exclusively of molecules in the syn conformation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the anti form is more stable for the ClC ( O ) NCS isomer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of ClC ( O ) NCS and its conformational composition were determined by gas electron diffraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unusual low syn --> anti interconversion energy barrier of 0 . 98 ( 0 . 15 ) kcal mol ( - 1 ) was detected for ClC ( O ) NCS at cryogenic temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photochemistry of both constitutional isomers isolated in solid argon at 15 K was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "argon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rearrangement of ClC ( O ) SCN to ClC ( O ) NCS was observed in the neat liquid and under UV - vis irradiation of ClC ( O ) SCN isolated in solid argon .", "entity": [{"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) NCS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "argon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Properties have been discussed in terms of the valence electronic structure , including the analysis of the He ( I ) photoelectron spectrum of ClC ( O ) SCN .", "entity": [{"entity": "He ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "ClC ( O ) SCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential - dependent interaction of DOPC liposomes with an octadecanol - covered Au ( 111 ) surface investigated using electrochemical methods coupled with in situ fluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential - controlled incorporation of DOPC liposomes ( 100 nm diameter ) into an adsorbed octadecanol layer on Au ( 111 ) was studied using electrochemical and in situ fluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorbed layer of octadecanol included a small amount of a lipophilic fluorophore - octadecanol modified with BODIPY - to enable fluorescence imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deposited octadecanol layer was found not to allow liposomes to interact unless the potential was less than - 0 . 4 V / SCE , which introduces defects into the adsorbed layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "octadecanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small increases in the capacitance of the adsorbed layer were measured after introducing the defects , allowing the liposomes to interact with the defects and then annealing the defects at 0 V / SCE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A change in the adsorbed layer was also signified by a more positive desorption potential for the liposome - modified adsorbed layer as compared to that for an adsorbed layer that was porated in a similar fashion but without liposomes present in the electrolyte .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These subtle changes in capacitance are difficult to interpret , so an in situ spectroscopic study was performed to provide a more direct measure of the interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incorporation of liposomes should result in an increase in the fluorescence measured because the fluorophore should become further separated from the gold surface , reducing the efficiency of fluorescence quenching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant increase in the fluorescence of the adsorbed layer was observed during the potential pulses used in the poration procedure in the absence of liposomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of liposomes , the fluorescence intensity was found to depend on the potential and time used for poration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 0 V / SCE , no significant change in the fluorescence was observed for defect - free adsorbed layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changing the poration potential to - 0 . 4 V / SCE caused significant increases in the fluorescence and the appearance of new structural features in the adsorbed layers that were more easily observed during the desorption procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of fluorescence changes was found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the adsorbed layer under investigation , which suggests that the poration and liposome interaction are dependent on the quality of the adsorbed layer and its ease of poration through changes in the electrode potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bifunctional electrophiles cross - link thioredoxins with redox relay partners in cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thioredoxin protects cells against oxidative damage by reducing disulfide bonds in improperly oxidized proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we found that the baker ' s yeast cytosolic thioredoxin Trx2 undergoes cross - linking to form several protein - protein complexes in cells treated with the bifunctional electrophile divinyl sulfone ( DVSF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "divinyl sulfone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 211]}, {"entity": "DVSF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that the peroxiredoxin Tsa1 and the thioredoxin reductase Trr1 , both of which function in a redox relay network with thioredoxin , become cross - linked in complexes with Trx2 upon DVSF treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "DVSF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of yeast with other bifunctional electrophiles , including diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate ( DAD ) , mechlorethamine ( HN2 ) , and 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - diepoxybutane ( DEB ) , resulted in the formation of similar cross - linked complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "DAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "mechlorethamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "HN2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - diepoxybutane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 169]}, {"entity": "DEB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - linking of Trx2 and Tsa1 to other proteins by DVSF and DAD is dependent on modification of the active site Cys residues within these proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "DVSF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "DAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the human cytosolic thioredoxin , cytosolic thioredoxin reductase , and peroxiredoxin 2 form cross - linked complexes to other proteins in the presence of DVSF , although each protein shows different susceptibilities to modification by DAD , HN2 , and DEB .", "entity": [{"entity": "DVSF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "DAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 253]}, {"entity": "HN2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 259]}, {"entity": "DEB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our results indicate that bifunctional electrophiles potentially disrupt redox homeostasis in yeast and human cells by forming cross - linked complexes between thioredoxins and their redox partners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV , fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre - or post - column , and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior , increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non - derivatized free amino acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important plasma preparation procedures , pre - and post - column derivatization , and different LC separation techniques are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the compensated Arrhenius formalism to fluidity data of polar organic liquids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temperature dependence of viscosity ( the reciprocal of fluidity ) in polar liquids has been studied for over a century , but the available theoretical models have serious limitations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the viscosity is often described with empirical equations using adjustable fitting parameters that offer no insight into the molecular mechanism of transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported a novel approach called the compensated Arrhenius formalism ( CAF ) to describe ionic conductivity , self - diffusion , and dielectric relaxation in terms of molecular and system properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here the CAF is applied to fluidity data of pure n - acetates , 2 - ketones , n - nitriles , and n - alcohols over the temperature range 5 - 85 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - acetates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "2 - ketones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "n - nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "n - alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluidity is represented as an Arrhenius - like expression that includes a static dielectric constant dependence in the exponential prefactor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dielectric constant dependence results from the dependence of mass and charge transport on the molecular dipole moment and the solvent dipole density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CAF is the only self - consistent description of fluid transport in polar liquids written solely in terms of molecular and system parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A scaling procedure is used to calculate the activation energy for transport .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the activation energies for fluidity of the aprotic liquids are comparable in value , whereas a higher average E ( a ) value is observed for the n - alcohol data .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we contrast the molecular description of transport presented here with the conventional hydrodynamic model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ester hydrolysis by a histidine - containing cavitein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used a template - assembled synthetic protein ( TASP ) to investigate catalytic function in ester hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A histidine - containing cavitein has been found to catalyze ester hydrolysis with a rate increase of 18 times that of background .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triazolo and imidazo dihydropyrazolopyrimidine potassium channel antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triazolo and imidazo dihydropyrazolopyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 46]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously disclosed C6 amido and benzimidazole dihydropyrazolopyrimidines were potent and selective blockers of IKur current .", "entity": [{"entity": "amido and benzimidazole dihydropyrazolopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syntheses and SAR for C6 triazolo and imidazo dihydropyrazolopyrimidines series are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazolo and imidazo dihydropyrazolopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trifluoromethylcyclohexyl N ( 1 ) triazole , compound 51 , was identified as a potent and selective Kv1 . 5 inhibitor with an acceptable PK and liability profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trifluoromethylcyclohexyl N ( 1 ) triazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a novel series of quinolone alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High throughput screening led to the identification of a novel series of quinolone alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of an HTS hit ( 1 ) led to 4 - phenyl - 1 - ( quinuclidin - 3 - ylmethyl ) quinolin - 2 ( 1H ) - one , which was found to be potent and selective .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - phenyl - 1 - ( quinuclidin - 3 - ylmethyl ) quinolin - 2 ( 1H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor brain penetrance in this series was attributed to transporter - mediated efflux , which was in turn due to high pKa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel 4 - fluoroquinuclidine significantly lowered the pKa of the quinuclidine moiety , reducing efflux as measured by a Caco - 2 assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - fluoroquinuclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "quinuclidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genetic program promotes C . elegans longevity at cold temperatures via a thermosensitive TRP channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both poikilotherms and homeotherms live longer at lower body temperatures , highlighting a general role of temperature reduction in lifespan extension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the underlying mechanisms remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One prominent model is that cold temperatures reduce the rate of chemical reactions , thereby slowing the rate of aging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This view suggests that cold - dependent lifespan extension is simply a passive thermodynamic process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we challenge this view in C . elegans by showing that genetic programs actively promote longevity at cold temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that TRPA - 1 , a cold - sensitive TRP channel , detects temperature drop in the environment to extend lifespan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect requires cold - induced , TRPA - 1 - mediated calcium influx and a calcium - sensitive PKC that signals to the transcription factor DAF - 16 / FOXO .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human TRPA1 can functionally substitute for worm TRPA - 1 in promoting longevity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results reveal a previously unrecognized function for TRP channels , link calcium signaling to longevity , and , importantly , demonstrate that genetic programs contribute to lifespan extension at cold temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beneficial effect of the non - psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cannabigerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is an incurable disease which affects millions of people in industrialized countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anecdotal and scientific evidence suggests that Cannabis use may have a positive impact in IBD patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the effect of cannabigerol ( CBG ) , a non - psychotropic Cannabis - derived cannabinoid , in a murine model of colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cannabigerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic administration of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid ( DNBS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 91]}, {"entity": "DNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammation was assessed by evaluating inflammatory markers / parameters ( colon weight / colon length ratio and myeloperoxidase activity ) , by histological analysis and immunohistochemistry ; interleukin - 1 beta , interleukin - 10 and interferon - gamma levels by ELISA , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) by western blot and RT - PCR ; CuZn - superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity by a colorimetric assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 298]}, {"entity": "CuZn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [383, 387]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [390, 400]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells were used to evaluate the effect of CBG on nitric oxide production and oxidative stress , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBG reduced colon weight / colon length ratio , myeloperoxidase activity , and iNOS expression , increased SOD activity and normalized interleukin - 1 beta , interleukin - 10 and interferon - gamma changes associated to DNBS administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "DNBS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In macrophages , CBG reduced nitric oxide production and iNOS protein ( but not mRNA ) expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rimonabant ( a CB1 receptor antagonist ) did not change the effect of CBG on nitric oxide production , while SR144528 ( a CB2 receptor antagonist ) further increased the inhibitory effect of CBG on nitric oxide production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rimonabant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "SR144528", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , CBG attenuated murine colitis , reduced nitric oxide production in macrophages ( effect being modulated by the CB2 receptor ) and reduced ROS formation in intestinal epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CBG could be considered for clinical experimentation in IBD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADAM17 , shedding , TACE as therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADAM17 has been molecularly cloned as the enzyme responsible for cleavage of the transmembrane protein TNF alpha ( TNF alpha converting enzyme , TACE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Later it was realized that ADAM17 was also responsible for the processing of cell adhesion proteins , cytokine and growth factor receptors and many ligands of the EGF receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since TNF alpha is a target of anti - inflammatory therapies , it was speculated that inhibition of ADAM17 might be a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammation or inflammation associated cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile it has been recognized that ADAM17 governs many vital functions in the body and loss of ADAM17 leads to severe defects in the skin and to high susceptibility of the intestine to inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here I summarize data on the physiologic role of ADAM17 and the feasibility of specific blockade of this enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11 beta - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contributes to the balance between 7 - keto - and 7 - hydroxy - oxysterols in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 beta - Hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "7 - keto - and 7 - hydroxy - oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "11 beta - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 ( 11 beta HSD1 ; EC 1 . 1 . 1 . 146 ) generates active glucocorticoids from inert 11 - keto metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 beta - Hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "11 - keto", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it can also metabolize alternative substrates , including 7 beta - hydroxy - and 7 - keto - cholesterol ( 7 beta OHC , 7KC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 beta - hydroxy - and 7 - keto - cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 113]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has been demonstrated in vitro but its consequences in vivo are uncertain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used genetically modified mice to investigate the contribution of 11 beta HSD1 to the balance of circulating levels of 7KC and 7 beta OHC in vivo , and dissected in vitro the kinetics of the interactions between oxysterols and glucocorticoids for metabolism by the mouse enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circulating levels of 7KC and 7 beta OHC in mice were 91 . 3 +/- 22 . 3 and 22 . 6 +/- 5 . 7nM respectively , increasing to 1240 +/- 220 and 406 +/- 39nM in ApoE ( - / - ) mice receiving atherogenic western diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of 11 beta HSD1 in mice increased ( p < 0 . 05 ) the 7KC / 7 beta OHC ratio in plasma ( by 20 % ) and also in isolated microsomes ( 2 fold ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 7KC / 7 beta OHC ratio was similarly increased when NADPH generation was restricted by disruption of hexose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase .", "entity": [{"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "hexose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction and oxidation of 7 - oxysterols by murine 11 beta HSD1 proceeded more slowly and substrate affinity was lower than for glucocorticoids . in vitro 7 beta OHC was a competitive inhibitor of oxidation of corticosterone ( Ki = 0 . 9 mu M ) , whereas 7KC only weakly inhibited reduction of 11 - dehydrocorticosterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 225]}, {"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 259]}, {"entity": "11 - dehydrocorticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , supplementation of 7 - oxysterols in cultured cells , secondary to cholesterol loading , preferentially slowed reduction of glucocorticoids , rather than oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in mouse , 11 beta HSD1 influenced the abundance and balance of circulating and tissue levels of 7 beta OHC and 7KC , promoting reduction of 7KC .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 beta OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "7KC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In health , 7 - oxysterols are unlikely to regulate glucocorticoid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in hyperlipidaemia , 7 - oxysterols may inhibit glucocorticoid metabolism and modulate signaling through corticosteroid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid derived quinazolines as Rock / PKA inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "quinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAR and lead optimization studies for Rock inhibitors based on amino acid - derived quinazolines are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "quinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies demonstrated that these amino acid derived quinazolinones were mainly pan - Rock ( I & II ) inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "quinazolinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While selectivity against other kinases could be achieved , selectivity for most of these compounds against PKA was not achieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is distinct from Rock inhibitors based on non - amino acid derived quinazolinones , where high selectivity against PKA could be obtained . ( 22 ) The inhibitors presented here in some cases possessed sub - nanomolar inhibition of Rock , nanomolar potency in ppMLC cell based assays , low to fair cytochrome P - 450 inhibition , and good human microsomal stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "quinazolinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aza - BODIPY : improved synthesis and interaction with soluble A beta 1 - 42 oligomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aza - BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dye - binding assays that are used to evaluate anti - aggregation ability of small molecule inhibitors towards amyloids are known to be prone to false - positive effects due to spectral overlaps between the dye and the inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aza - BODIPY dye , which has both excitation and emission maxima above 600nm , exhibits a significant increase in its fluorescence intensity in the presence of soluble oligomers of A beta 1 - 42 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aza - BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that aza - BODIPY could serve as a near - IR probe for detecting conformational changes of A beta 1 - 42 soluble oligomers in vitro , and it should eliminate false - positive effects that are associated with currently utilized thioflavin T - based dyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "aza - BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "thioflavin T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a facile synthesis of aza - BODIPY has been developed , which might further expand the applications of this dye .", "entity": [{"entity": "aza - BODIPY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of lurasidone in behavioral models of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of the 5 - HT7 receptor subtype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major depression is a common psychiatric disorder associated with high symptomatic and functional burdens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological treatment is often effective , but there remain substantial unmet needs in the form of non - responders , delayed onset of clinical effect , and side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have positioned the serotonin 5 - HT7 receptor as a new target for the treatment of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preclinical studies have shown that antagonists induce an antidepressant - like response , a phenotype that can also be observed in mice lacking the receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lurasidone is a new atypical antipsychotic agent with very high affinity for the 5 - HT7 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in clinical trials have reported improved scores in depression ratings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have tested lurasidone in both acute and chronic mouse models of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the tail suspension and forced swim tests lurasidone decreased immobility , an antidepressant - like response .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect required functional 5 - HT7 receptors as it was absent in mice lacking the receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the repeated open - space swim test lurasidone was able to reverse the despair induced by repeated swims in a manner similar to the commonly used antidepressant citalopram .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "citalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide evidence that lurasidone can act as a 5 - HT7 receptor antagonist and provide a possible explanation for the antidepressant effect data currently emerging from lurasidone clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the results give further support for targeting the 5 - HT7 receptor in the treatment of depression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It will be of interest to clinically evaluate lurasidone as an antidepressant either as monotherapy or as an adjunctive therapy to available drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone alters epithelium proliferation and survival and suppresses Wnt / beta - catenin signaling in developing cleft palate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone ( Dex ) contributes to a cleft palate , but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the deleterious effect on the developing palate are unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wnt signaling is a causal mechanism of Dex - induced osteoporosis , so this study was conducted to determine whether Dex - induced cleft palate may result from altered Wnt signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of Dex to mice completely inhibited canonical Wnt / beta - catenin signaling and altered cell proliferation and apoptosis of the craniofacial epithelium in developing embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , downregulated Wnt / beta - catenin signaling was associated with Dex - induced cleft palate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , altered cell fate by Dex responsible for small palates , delaying shelf elevation and unfused palates was a crucial mechanism in cleft palate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings help in elucidating the mechanisms of Dex - induced cleft palate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cysteamine : an old drug with new potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cysteamine is an amino thiol with the chemical formula HSCH2CH2NH2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "amino thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "HSCH2CH2NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endogenously , cysteamine is derived from coenzyme A degradation , although its plasma concentrations are low .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most experience with cysteamine as a drug originates from the field of the orphan disease cystinosis , in which cysteamine is prescribed to decrease intralysosomal cystine accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "cystine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , over the years , the drug has been used for several other applications both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we review the different applications of cysteamine , ending with an overview of ongoing clinical trials for new indications , such as neurodegenerative disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent development of an enteric - coated cysteamine formulation makes cysteamine more patient friendly and will extend its applicability for both old and new indications .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collaborative virtual organisation and infrastructure for drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A virtual organisation approach was applied to collaborative drug discovery integrating experimental and computational design approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scientists Against Malaria was formed with the goal of designing novel antimalarial drug candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The collaboration of nine founding partners carried out computational and laboratory work that produced significant volumes of data and metadata , the interpretation for the analysis of which , as well as the related decision making , was challenging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first phase the partners developed this ' green - field ' project from initiation through to target selection and modelling , computational screening , biological materials and assay preparation , culminating in the completion of initial experimental testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A support infrastructure involving a semantic collaborative laboratory framework , interoperating with a cloud of web services through an ontology describing the virtual and experimental screening data , was designed and tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in melanocytes by amikacin .", "entity": [{"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amikacin is principally used to treat infections caused by microorganisms resistant to other aminoglycosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ototoxicity is one of the side effects of amikacin , but the causative mechanism of damage to the ear has not been fully established .", "entity": [{"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the aim of this work was to examine the impact of amikacin on the melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in cultured human normal melanocytes ( HEMa - LP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amikacin induced the concentration - dependent loss in melanocytes viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The value of EC50 was determined to be ~ 7 . 5 mM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyzed antibiotic inhibited melanin biosynthesis in concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the amikacin concentration also resulted in a decrease in cellular tyrosinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study the antioxidant defense system in melanocytes , the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) in cells exposed to amikacin were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant changes in cellular antioxidant enzymes activities were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of melanogenesis and the antioxidant status of melanocytes resulting from the use of amikacin in vitro may explain a potential role of melanin and melanocytes in the mechanisms of aminoglycosides ototoxic effects in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "amikacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioaccessibility of 12 trace elements in marine molluscs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a large scale investigation of the bioaccessibility of 12 trace elements from 11 marine mollusc species ( scallop , oyster , clam , abalone , snail , and mussel ) collected from five locations in Chinese coastal waters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bioaccessibility of all the 12 trace elements was generally high , with the average values ranging from 42 . 5 % to 90 . 7 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest bioaccessibility was observed for As , Cu , Ni and Se , and the lowest for Fe , Co and Pb .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steaming decreased the bioaccessibility of all 12 trace elements and thus diminished their risks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No correlation was observed between the bioaccessibility and the total concentration of the 12 elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there was a significant correlation between the bioaccessibility of the 12 elements and their subcellular distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For most trace elements , a significantly negative relationship was demonstrated between the bioaccessibility and the elemental partitioning in the metal - rich granule fraction or in the cellular debris fraction , and a significantly positive correlation was observed between the bioaccessibility and the elemental partitioning in the heat - stable protein fraction and in the trophically available fraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the elemental subcellular distribution , especially the elemental partitioning in the trophically available fraction , might be a good predictor of the bioaccessibility and risks of trace elements in molluscs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ameliorating effects of casein glycomacropeptide on obesity induced by high - fat diet in male Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of casein glycomacropeptide ( GMP ) as a specific regulating mediator in obese rats induced by high - fat ( HF ) diet was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male obese Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats induced by high - fat diet for 8weeks period were fed high - fat , high - fat with GMP of 100mg / kg BW ( HFLG ) , 200mg / kg BW ( HFMG ) and 400mg / kg BW ( HFHG ) for 6weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the high - fat control ( HFC ) group GMP supplementation significantly decreased adipose tissue weight , activity of fatty acid synthase ( FAS ) and glycerol - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( GPDH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "glycerol - 3 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic lipid droplet size , plasma and hepatic lipid levels markedly reduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , GMP reduces plasma total cholesterol and low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol as well as hepatic - cholesterol and triglycerides .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liver steatosis observed in obese rats was also prevented by GMP supplement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , GMP significantly diminished mitochondrial and liver malondialdehyde ( MDA ) production , and obviously elevated the activities of mitochondrial and hepatic superoxidase dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH - Px ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leptin production and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF - alpha and IL - 6 secretion decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , GMP can reduce lipid accumulation and enhance antioxidant capability of obese rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It suggests that GMP can counteract high - fat diet - induced obesity , which might make it a potential ingredient with anti - obesity activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central administration of angiotensin IV rapidly enhances novel object recognition among mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin IV ( Val ( 1 ) - Tyr ( 2 ) - Ile ( 3 ) - His ( 4 ) - Pro ( 5 ) - Phe ( 6 ) ) has demonstrated potential cognitive - enhancing effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Val ( 1 ) - Tyr ( 2 ) - Ile ( 3 ) - His ( 4 ) - Pro ( 5 ) - Phe ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present investigation assessed and characterized : ( 1 ) dose - dependency of angiotensin IV ' s cognitive enhancement in a C57BL / 6J mouse model of novel object recognition , ( 2 ) the time - course for these effects , ( 3 ) the identity of residues in the hexapeptide important to these effects and ( 4 ) the necessity of actions at angiotensin IV receptors for procognitive activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "hexapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of C57BL / 6J mice in a novel object recognition task demonstrated that prior administration of angiotensin IV ( 0 . 1 , 1 . 0 , or 10 . 0 , but not 0 . 01 nmol , i . c . v . ) significantly enhanced novel object recognition in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were time dependent , with improved novel object recognition observed when angiotensin IV ( 0 . 1 nmol , i . c . v . ) was administered 10 or 20 , but not 30 min prior to the onset of the novel object recognition testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alanine scan of the angiotensin IV peptide revealed that replacement of the Val ( 1 ) , Ile ( 3 ) , His ( 4 ) , or Phe ( 6 ) residues with Ala attenuated peptide - induced improvements in novel object recognition , whereas Tyr ( 2 ) or Pro ( 5 ) replacement did not significantly affect performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "Ile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "Ala", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "Pro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of the angiotensin IV receptor antagonist , divalinal - Ang IV ( 20 nmol , i . c . v . ) , reduced ( but did not abolish ) novel object recognition ; however , this antagonist completely blocked the procognitive effects of angiotensin IV ( 0 . 1 nmol , i . c . v . ) in this task .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "divalinal - Ang IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rotorod testing demonstrated no locomotor effects with any angiotensin IV or divalinal - Ang IV dose tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "divalinal - Ang IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that angiotensin IV produces a rapid enhancement of associative learning and memory performance in a mouse model that was dependent on the angiotensin IV receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "angiotensin IV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter causes postnatal immunological dysfunction in mice offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution affects the ontogeny and development of the fetal immune system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter ( PM ) on immune function in postnatal offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant female ICR mice were intralaryngopharyngeally administered with 30 mu l of phosphate buffered solution ( the control group ) or resuspended PM of Standard Reference Material 1649a at 0 . 09 ( low ) , 0 . 28 ( medium ) , 1 . 85 ( high ) or 6 . 92 ( overdose ) mu g / mu l once every three days from day 0 to 18 of pregnancy ( n = 8 - 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 30 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 4 and interferon - gamma levels in plasma and splenocytes , splenic lymphocyte proliferation , and expressions of GATA - 3 and T - bet mRNA in the spleen were tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spleen and thymus were histopathologically examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The offspring of the medium , high and overdose PM - exposed dams showed significantly suppressed splenocyte proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased interferon - gamma and increased interleukin - 4 levels in the blood and splenocytes , and lowered T - bet and elevated GATA - 3 mRNA expressions were found in the spleen in the medium , high and overdose groups when compared with the control or low dose group ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathology revealed prominent tissue damage in the spleen and thymus in the overdose group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that exposure of pregnant mice to PM modulates the fetal immune system , resulting in postnatal immune dysfunction by exacerbation of Thl / Th2 deviation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This deviation is associated with altered T - bet and GATA - 3 gene expressions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone antagonizes the in vivo myotoxic and inflammatory effects of Bothrops venoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work we investigated the toxic activities of two Bothrops snake venoms using in vivo and in vitro experimental protocols in mice and tested the protective effect of dexamethasone ( DEXA ) in different conditions , comparing it with the polyvalent antivenom .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 193]}, {"entity": "DEXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also expanded the investigations on the antiophidic effect of the Eclipta prostrata ( EP ) crude extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu snake venoms induced muscle damage demonstrated in vivo by the elevation on plasma creatine kinase ( CK ) activity in mice and by the decrease in CK content in the extensor digitorum longus ( EDL ) muscle of these animals , and in vitro by the increase in the rate of CK release from the isolated EDL muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed inflammatory response following perimuscular injection of B . jararacussu venom ( 1 . 0 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with DEXA ( 1 . 0 mg / kg ) preserved over 50 % of the EDL muscle CK content in vivo when evaluated 24 and 72 h after the injection of B . jararacussu venom in mice , and likewise reduced about 20 % of the edema induced by this venom .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEXA reduced in 50 % the presence of inflammatory cells and their activity in EDL muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The EP extract ( 50 mg / kg ) showed similar ability in preventing the induction of edema and the decrease in muscle CK content , and its association with DEXA showed additive effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EP reduced over 77 % of the plasma CK activity induced by the B . jararacussu venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the in vitro experiments , DEXA was not able to change the rate of CK release from EDL muscles exposed to 25 mu g / mL of B . jararacussu venom , neither to prevent the fall in the amplitude of the indirectly evoked twitch at the phrenic - diaphragm preparation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEXA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EP extract showed otherwise a protective effect on these protocols , reaching up to 100 % of protection when concentrations of 50 . 0 and 100 . 0 mu g / mL were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether our results show that inflammation is at least in part responsible for the tissue damage induced by Bothrops snake venoms , once the steroidal anti - inflammatory drug dexamethasone was able to decrease the myotoxic effects of these venoms , by reducing the inflammatory response to the venom injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothetical physiological and molecular basis for the effect of acupuncture in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that acupuncture may be a safe alternative or complement in the treatment of endocrine and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review describes potential etiological factors of PCOS with the aim to support potential mechanism of action of acupuncture to relieve PCOS related symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theory that increased sympathetic activity contributes to the development and maintenance of PCOS is presented , and that the effects of acupuncture are , at least in part , mediated by modulation of sympathetic outflow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there are no relevant randomized controlled studies on the use of acupuncture to treat metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS , a number of experimental studies indicate that acupuncture may improve metabolic dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For each aspect of PCOS , it is important to pursue new treatment strategies that have fewer negative side effects than drug treatments , as women with PCOS often require prolonged treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyzing lead absorption by the sycamore tree species in the industrial park of Rasht , Iran .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the subject of heavy metal concentration in soil , rock , sediment , surface water and groundwater , which can be caused by natural or man - posed pollution , was analyzed in the industrial park of Rasht .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These concentrations were compared with the standard range of environmental data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants that can cause health hazards to humans , plants and microorganisms by entering food chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to investigate the absorption of lead by the leaves of sycamore tree species in the industrial park of Rasht .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , a sample of 32 sycamore tree species were randomly selected at a specified time , and the concentration of lead were measured using an atomic absorption device .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that the amount of lead absorption by sycamore leaves is remarkable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest amount of lead absorption by sycamore leaves was detected at station 1 ( Khazar Steel ) and the lowest amount at station 2 ( control station ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription forms and remodels supercoiling domains unfolding large - scale chromatin structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA supercoiling is an inherent consequence of twisting DNA and is critical for regulating gene expression and DNA replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , DNA supercoiling at a genomic scale in human cells is uncharacterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To map supercoiling , we used biotinylated trimethylpsoralen as a DNA structure probe to show that the human genome is organized into supercoiling domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotinylated trimethylpsoralen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Domains are formed and remodeled by RNA polymerase and topoisomerase activities and are flanked by GC - AT boundaries and CTCF insulator protein - binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Underwound domains are transcriptionally active and enriched in topoisomerase I , ' open ' chromatin fibers and DNase I sites , but they are depleted of topoisomerase II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DNA supercoiling affects additional levels of chromatin compaction as underwound domains are cytologically decondensed , topologically constrained and decompacted by transcription of short RNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that supercoiling domains create a topological environment that facilitates gene activation , providing an evolutionary purpose for clustering genes along chromosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution and dynamics of pancreatic cancer progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient metastasis is believed as the result of multiple genetic , epigenetic and / or post - translational events in the lifetime of a carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the genetic level , these events may be categorized into those that occur during carcinogenesis , and those that occur during subclonal evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes current knowledge of the genetics of pancreatic cancer from its initiation within a normal cell until the time that is has disseminated to distant organs , many features of which can be extrapolated to other solid tumor types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implications of these findings to personalize genome analyses of an individual patient ' s tumor are also discussed . Oncogene advance online publication , 18 February 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2013 . 29 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic growth hormone resistance after acute injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe injury and infection are often followed by accelerated protein catabolism and acute insulin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in several effects that complicate and prolong recovery , including weakness , immobility , impaired wound healing , and organ dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have demonstrated the development of GH resistance during severe inflammation , providing a potential mechanism for the protein loss that follows injury and infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand this GH resistance , we recently developed a murine model of acute injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were subjected to soft - tissue injury , alone or combined with hemorrhage , and injected iv with GH 30 , 60 , or 90 minutes later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic GH signaling was measured via Western analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GH - induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation was decreased immediately after completion of the trauma procedure , and at 30 and 60 minutes , but further decreased by 90 minutes after trauma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined trauma and hemorrhage resulted in severely decreased GH - induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation compared with trauma alone , and this was true at all time points studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western analysis revealed an apparent decrease in the molecular weight of the hepatic GH receptor ( GHR ) after trauma and hemorrhage , but not trauma alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional studies determined that the hemorrhage - induced decrease in receptor size was not due to changes in GHR N - linked glycosylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that GH sensitivity is rapidly impaired after acute injury and that trauma combined with hemorrhage results in a more severe form of GH resistance resulting from alteration or inactivation of hepatic GHR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of an environmentally relevant 58 - congener polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) mixture on cardiac development in the chick embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 81]}, {"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chicken ( Gallus domesticus ) embryonic exposure in ovo to a 58 - congener polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) mixture resulted in teratogenic heart defects in chick embryos at critical heart developmental stages Hamburger - Hamilton ( HH ) stages 10 , 16 , and 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 99]}, {"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 58 - congener mixture contained relative proportions of primary congeners measured in belted sandpiper ( Megaceryle alcyon ) and spotted sandpiper ( Actitis macularia ) eggs collected along the upper Hudson River , New York , USA , and chicken doses were well below observed environmental exposure levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Embryos were injected with 0 . 08 micro g PCBs / g egg weight and 0 . 50 micro g PCBs / g egg weight ( 0 . 01 and 0 . 064 ng toxic equivalent / g , respectively ) at embryonic day 0 , prior to incubation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality of exposed embryos was increased at all developmental stages , with a marked rise in cardiomyopathies at HH16 and HH20 ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart abnormalities occurred across all treatments , including abnormal elongation and expansion of the heart tube at HH10 , improper looping and orientation , indentations in the emerging ventricular wall ( HH16 and HH20 ) , and irregularities in overall heart shape ( HH10 , HH16 , and HH20 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histology was conducted on 2 cardiac proteins critical to embryonic heart development , ventricular myosin heavy chain and titin , to investigate potential mechanistic effects of PCBs on heart development , but no difference was observed in spatiotemporal expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , cellular apoptosis in the developing heart was not affected by exposure to the PCB mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , cardiomyocyte proliferation rates dramatically declined ( p < 0 . 01 ) at HH16 and HH20 as PCB exposure concentrations increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation contributes to proper formation of the morphology and overall thickness of the ventricular wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in ovo exposure to this 58 - congener PCB mixture at critical stages adversely affects embryonic heart development .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ Toxicol Chem 2013 ; 32 : 1317 - 1324 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flock - Based Microfluidics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flock - based microfluidics are created by depositing hydrophilic microfibers on an adhesive - coated substrate using an electric field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enables the fabrication of self - powered microfluidics from one or more different kinds of fibers that form 2D and 3D flowpaths , which can wick 40 microliters of liquid per square centimeter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this approach , large areas of functional wicking materials can be produced at extremely low cost .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hollow Multilayer Microcapsules for pH - / Thermally Responsive Drug Delivery using Aliphatic Poly ( urethane - amine ) as Smart Component .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aliphatic Poly ( urethane - amine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hollow multilayer microcapsules made of aliphatic poly ( urethane - amine ) ( PUA ) and sodium poly ( styrene sulfonate ) ( PSS ) , templated on PSS - doped CaCO3 particles , are prepared for pH - / thermally responsive drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic poly ( urethane - amine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 75]}, {"entity": "PUA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "sodium poly ( styrene sulfonate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 121]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "CaCO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding under weak - acid conditions between aliphatic PUA and PSS contribute to the formation of multilayer microcapsules .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "PUA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) results demonstrate an obvious variation of the hollow multilayer microcapsules in response to changes in temperature and pH value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - release behaviors using DOX as a model drug demonstrate that the drug release increases on decreasing the pH value because of the interaction weakness between aliphatic PUA and PSS in acidic conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "PUA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the drug release is higher at 55 degrees C than that at 37 degrees C for the sake of the shrinkage of aliphatic PUA above its lower critical solution temperature ( LCST ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PUA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BaSnO3 perovskite nanoparticles for high efficiency dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "perovskite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of highly crystalline perovskite BaSnO3 nanoparticles for use as photoanode materials in dye - sensitized solar cells ( DSSCs ) is reported , and the photovoltaic properties of DSSCs based on BaSnO3 nanoparticles ( BaSnO3 cells ) are demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "perovskite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 212]}, {"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting DSSCs exhibit remarkably rapid charge collection and a DSSC fabricated with a BaSnO3 film thickness of 43 micro m leads to a high energy conversion efficiency of 5 . 2 % , which is one of the highest reported for ternary oxide - based DSSCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "ternary oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More importantly , the BaSnO3 cells show superior charge collection in nanoparticle films compared to TiO2 cells and could offer a breakthrough in the efficiencies of DSSCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaSnO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incorporating Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanoclusters : A Synergistic Catalyst with Surprisingly High Peroxidase - Like Activity Over a Broad pH Range and its Application for Cancer Cell Detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A synergistic graphene oxide - gold nanocluster ( GO - AuNC ) hybrid has been constructed as an enzyme mimic that is able to show high catalytic activity over a broad pH range , especially at neutral pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the target - functionalized hybrid has been applied as a robust nanoprobe for selective , quantitative , and fast colorimetric detection of cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of heterocyclic terpenoids by promiscuous squalene - hopene cyclases .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 36]}, {"entity": "squalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "hopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PROMISCUOUS ENZYMES : The substrate promiscuity of squalene - hopene cyclases has been explored and applied in the enzyme - catalyzed synthesis of heterocyclic terpenoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "squalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "hopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "heterocyclic terpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Features of this work include cyclization reactions without pyrophosphate activation , and stereospecific ring closure of substrates of varying chain length and terminal nucleophile .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This provides a biocatalytic alternative to traditional chemical catalysts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Engineered nanomaterials in water and soils : A risk quantification based on probabilistic exposure and effect modeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production and use of engineered nanomaterials ( ENMs ) are increasing rapidly , and therefore , the need to assess their environmental exposure and associated risks has become increasingly important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only a handful of studies have quantified the release and environmental concentrations of ENMs , but much work has been done to investigate the effects of these materials on organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to quantify probabilistically the environmental risks of ENMs , producing species sensitivity distributions that were then compared with probability distributions of predicted environmental concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five nanomaterials ( nano - Ag , nano - TiO2 , nano - ZnO , carbon nanotubes [ CNTs ] , and fullerenes ) and 4 environmental compartments ( surface water , sewage treatment plant effluents , soils , and sludge - treated soils ) were considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "fullerenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 60 ecotoxicological studies , the authors extracted 112 single values to work with ( 25 values in 13 studies for nano - Ag , 17 values in 10 studies for CNTs , 7 values in 7 studies for fullerenes , 34 values in 23 studies for nano - TiO2 , and 29 values in 17 studies for nano - ZnO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "fullerenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 243]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate there is only a marginal risk for these metal - based nanomaterials in surface water ( 0 . 7 % risk for nano - Ag and < 0 . 1 % for nano - TiO2 ) and some risk in sewage treatment plant effluents ( nano - Ag 39 . 7 % , nano - TiO2 18 . 7 % , and nano - ZnO 1 . 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 228]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from a marginal value of < 0 . 1 % for nano - TiO2 in sludge - treated soils , no risk from the other evaluated ENMs in terrestrial compartments is currently predicted .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discussion of the results considers the influence of the effects of different forms of 1 ENM ( coating , agglomeration state , and mineralogy ) , the test conditions ( dissolution and agglomeration ) , and transformation reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ Toxicol Chem 2013 ; 32 : 1278 - 1287 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Prevalence of Meeting A1C , Blood Pressure , and LDL Goals Among People With Diabetes , 1988 - 2010 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of people with diabetes who meet hemoglobin A ( 1c ) ( A1C ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , and LDL cholesterol ( ABC ) recommendations , and their current statin use , factors associated with goal achievement , and changes in the proportion achieving goals between 1988 and 2010 . RESEARCH AND DESIGN METHODSData were cross - sectional from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ( NHANES ) from 1988 - 1994 , 1999 - 2002 , 2003 - 2006 , and 2007 - 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were 4 , 926 adults aged >= 20 years who self - reported a previous diagnosis of diabetes and completed the household interview and physical examination ( n = 1 , 558 for valid LDL levels ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Main outcome measures were A1C , BP , and LDL cholesterol , in accordance with the American Diabetes Association recommendations , and current use of statins . RESULTSIn 2007 - 2010 , 52 . 5 % of people with diabetes achieved A1C < 7 . 0 % ( < 53 mmol / mol ) , 51 . 1 % achieved BP < 130 / 80 mmHg , 56 . 2 % achieved LDL < 100 mg / dL , and 18 . 8 % achieved all three ABCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These levels of control were significant improvements from 1988 to 1994 ( all P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statin use significantly increased between 1988 - 1994 ( 4 . 2 % ) and 2007 - 2010 ( 51 . 4 % , P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with non - Hispanic whites , Mexican Americans were less likely to meet A1C and LDL goals ( P < 0 . 03 ) , and non - Hispanic blacks were less likely to meet BP and LDL goals ( P < 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with non - Hispanic blacks , Mexican Americans were less likely to meet A1C goals ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Younger individuals were less likely to meet A1C and LDL goals . CONCLUSIONSDespite significant improvement during the past decade , achieving the ABC goals remains suboptimal among adults with diabetes , particularly in some minority groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substantial opportunity exists to further improve diabetes control and , thus , to reduce diabetes - related morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous determination of evodiamine and evodine in Beagle dog plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sensitive , rapid , and specific liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry assay has been established and validated for the quantitation of evodiamine and evodine in Beagle dog plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma samples of 0 . 2 ml were processed by liquid - liquid extraction with n - hexane / ethyl acetate ( 2 : 1 , v / v ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatographic separations were done on a Symmetry C ( 18 ) column ( 100 mm x 4 . 6 mm , ID , 5 mu m ) at 35 degrees C with a linear gradient of methanol and 20 mM ammonium formate containing 0 . 2 % formic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "ammonium formate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 181]}, {"entity": "formic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evodiamine , evodine , and glibenclamide [ internal standard ( IS ) ] were ionized with an electrospray ionization source operated in positive ion mode .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MS / MS transitions were m / z 304 . 1 --> 161 . 1 for evodiamine , m / z 471 . 2 --> 425 . 1 for evodine , and m / z 494 . 1 --> 369 . 1 for IS .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0 . 1 - 100 ng / ml for evodiamine and 0 . 5 - 500 ng / ml for evodine .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean extraction recoveries were 88 . 10 +/- 3 . 21 % for evodiamine and 81 . 24 +/- 4 . 07 % for evodine .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intra - and inter - day precisions were less than 11 . 10 % and 12 . 81 % , and the accuracy was within +/- 11 . 76 % for both analytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evodiamine and evodine were stable during storage and analytical periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of evodiamine and evodine in beagle dogs after oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "evodiamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "evodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New alkaloid from Streptomyces koyangensis residing in Odontotermes formosanus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new alkaloid was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a termite - associated Streptomyces koyangensis BY - 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of 1 was elucidated by using MS , NMR , electronic circular dichroism data , and computational approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 showed weak antimicrobial activities against a panel of test microbes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new triterpenoids from the fungus Perenniporia maackiae .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new triterpenoids , 3 beta - ( 2 - methoxy - oxalyloxy ) - 24 - methylene - lanost - 8 - en - 21 - oic acid ( 1 ) and 3 beta - ( 2 - methoxy - oxalyloxy ) - 15 alpha - hydroxy - 24 - methylene - lanost - 8 - en - 21 - oic acid ( 2 ) , were isolated from cultures of the fungus Perenniporia maackiae , together with two previously known triterpenoids ( 3 and 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "3 beta - ( 2 - methoxy - oxalyloxy ) - 24 - methylene - lanost - 8 - en - 21 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 111]}, {"entity": "3 beta - ( 2 - methoxy - oxalyloxy ) - 15 alpha - hydroxy - 24 - methylene - lanost - 8 - en - 21 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 230]}, {"entity": "triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods , including 1D and 2D NMR , and MS analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on five tumor cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new norlignans from Glechoma longituba .", "entity": [{"entity": "norlignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new norlignans , glechomols A - C ( 1 - 3 , respectively ) , together with a known compound , 4 - ethylcatechol ( 4 ) , were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Glechoma longituba ( NaKai ) Kupr .", "entity": [{"entity": "norlignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "glechomols A - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "4 - ethylcatechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 117]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR - MS data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glechomols A - C were the first norlignans reported from genus Glechoma , and compound 4 was also isolated from genus Glechoma for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glechomols A - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "norlignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular antioxidant assays showed that compounds 1 - 4 displayed significant protective effects on H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) - induced cardiac cell injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterogeneous vapor bubble nucleation on a rough surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vapor bubble nucleation on a microrough surface wetted by a volatile , incompressible liquid has been analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The work of formation of a critical nucleus in a surface cavity has been evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concave sites of a surface with negative curvature can decrease the height of the activation barrier for the formation of a critical nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average density of the nucleation sites has been evaluated for a surface whose ( small ) deviation from a plane is specified by a Gaussian random function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Charge screening between anionic and cationic surfactants in ionic liquids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aggregation and interfacial behavior of mixtures of anionic ( sodium dodecylsulfate , SDS ) and cationic ( dodecylammonium bromide , DTAB ) surfactants were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium dodecylsulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "dodecylammonium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 134]}, {"entity": "DTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A room - temperature ionic liquid ( IL ) was explored as a solvent for the SDS / DTAB system and compared to water .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "DTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The critical micelle concentration ( cmc ) and composition in mixed micelles were determined for both solvents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experiments showed nearly ideal mixing of SDS / DTAB over the entire composition range and suggest that charge screening is prominent in ILs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "DTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This behavior is in sharp contrast to the strong electrostatic attraction and a multiphase composition gap in water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two models by Clint and Rubingh , which describe ideal and nonideal micellar behavior , respectively , are discussed on the basis of our results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to Rubingh ' s model , the composition of mixed micelles is gradually changing with the bulk composition in ILs but tends to be a 1 : 1 ratio in water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results here are further support of the strong charge screening in ionic liquids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and characterization of hybrid hyaluronic Acid - gelatin hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomimetic hybrid hydrogels have generated broad interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyaluronic acid ( HA ) and gelatin ( hydrolyzed collagen ) are naturally derived polymers and biodegradable under physiological conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , collagen and HA are major components of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) in most of the tissues ( e . g . , cardiovascular , cartilage , neural ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When used as a hybrid material , HA - gelatin hydrogels may enable mimicking the ECM of native tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although HA - gelatin hybrid hydrogels are promising biomimetic substrates , their material properties have not been thoroughly characterized in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we generated hybrid hydrogels with tunable physical and biological properties by using different concentrations of HA and gelatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The physical properties of the fabricated hydrogels including swelling ratio , degradation , and mechanical properties were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , in vitro cellular responses in both two and three - dimensional culture conditions were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the addition of gelatin methacrylate ( GelMA ) into HA methacrylate ( HAMA ) promoted cell spreading in the hybrid hydogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the hybrid hydrogels showed significantly improved mechanical properties compared to their single component analogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HAMA - GelMA hydrogels exhibited remarkable tunability behavior and may be useful for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laponite nanodisks as an efficient platform for Doxorubicin delivery to cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laponite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a facile approach to using laponite ( LAP ) nanodisks as a platform for efficient delivery of doxorubicin ( DOX ) to cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "laponite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , DOX was encapsulated into the interlayer space of LAP through an ionic exchange process with an exceptionally high loading efficiency of 98 . 3 +/- 0 . 77 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successful DOX loading was extensively characterized via different methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro drug release study shows that the release of DOX from LAP / DOX nanodisks is pH - dependent , and DOX is released at a quicker rate at acidic pH condition ( pH = 5 . 4 ) than at physiological pH condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , cell viability assay results reveal that LAP / DOX nanodisks display a much higher therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting the growth of a model cancer cell line ( human epithelial carcinoma cells , KB cells ) than free DOX drug at the same DOX concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 232]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced antitumor efficacy is primarily due to the much more cellular uptake of the LAP / DOX nanodisks than that of free DOX , which has been confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope and flow cytometry analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high DOX payload and enhanced antitumor efficacy render LAP nanodisks as a robust carrier system for different biomedical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "LAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Danshen mediates through estrogen receptors to activate Akt and inhibit apoptosis effect of Leu27IGF - II - induced IGF - II receptor signaling activation in cardiomyoblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - menopausal women show dramatically increased cardiovascular disease morbidity ( CVD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Danshen is used widely in China for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders , including coronary heart disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Danshen possesses lipid - soluble biologically active components with a structure similar to 17 beta - estrodiol ( E2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estrodiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study assesses whether the cardio - protection exerted by Danshen is mediated through the ERs within H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiomyoblast cells pretreated with Fulvestrant ( ICI 182 , 780 ) , an estrogen receptor antagonist was applied to investigate the estrogenic activity of Danshen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fulvestrant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "ICI 182 , 780", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Danshen extract preventive effects on Leu27IGF - II - induced IGF - IIR signaling activator and H9c2 cell apoptosis were identified using TUNEL assay , JC - 1 staining and Western blot assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Danshen extract treatments significantly enhanced phosphorylated Akt through estrogen receptor activation to inhibit Leu27IGF - II - induced calcineurin activation and block H9c2 cell apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Danshen extracts suppressed the IGF - IIR signaling proteins , pro - apoptotic proteins and reversed the mitochondrial membrane instability induced by Leu27IGF - II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the cardioprotective properties of Danshen to inhibit Leu27IGF - II - induced cell apoptosis and promote cell survival were attenuated by applying ICI , which suggests that the Danshen cardioprotective effect is mediated through estrogen receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All our data indicated that Danshen exerts strong estrogenic activity which can be considered a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator ( SERM ) against IGF2R signaling that blocks cardiac apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approach to distribution and accumulation of dibutyl phthalate in rats by immunoassay .", "entity": [{"entity": "dibutyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dibutyl phthalate ( DBP ) is mainly taken up by the general population from food intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dibutyl phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To estimate intake of phthalates , determining distribution and accumulation of DBP in biological materials was a critical need .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we set up two novel approaches with a monoclonal antibody specific to DBP to determine the distribution and accumulation of DBP in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contents of DBP in liver , kidney , stomach and testes were detected by immunofluorescence assays and indirect competitive ELISA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This data give directly evidence that indicates the distribution and accumulation of DBP in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Double - label immunofluorescence assay provides with a visual approach to determination of the distribution and accumulation of DBP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It indicated that DBP accumulated in subcutaneous tissue such as sweat gland , hair follicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both of immunofluorescence assay and ELISA can be used to detect the content of DBP in biological materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our assays showed that DBP accumulated in viscera being rich in fat , such as liver , kidney and could overcome physiological barriers to penetrate testes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The date suggested that the accumulations of DBP exposed through dermal route were less than that of oral route and most of DBP was metabolized in 2 or 3days .", "entity": [{"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "DBP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Integrating clinical pharmacology concepts in individualized therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyrosine kinases have emerged as important tumor targets for the design of potent and selective inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighteen of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs ) have already been approved for the treatment of diseases that were previously essentially resistant to standard chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major efforts are ongoing that focus on the development of companion diagnostics for investigational and approved TKIs , as well as on integrating clinical pharmacology principles in clinical practice to decrease toxicity and improve efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The state of clinical pharmacology today .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been more than 40 years since a major position paper on clinical pharmacology was published by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent publication , Clinical Pharmacology in Health Care , Teaching , and Research , provides a current vision of the discipline suitable for the twenty - first century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake , retention and internalization of quantum dots in Daphnia is influenced by particle surface functionalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanomaterials are a diverse group of compounds whose inevitable release into the environment warrants study of the fundamental processes that govern the ingestion , uptake and accumulation in aquatic organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanomaterials have the ability to transfer to higher trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems , and recent evidence suggests that the surface chemistry of both the nanoparticle and biological membrane can influence uptake kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our study investigates the effect of surface functionalization on uptake , internalization and depuration in Daphnia spp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncharged ( polyethylene glycol ; PEG ) , positively charged ( amino - terminated : NH2 ) and negatively charged ( carboxyl - modified ; COOH ) cadmium selenide / zinc sulfide quantum dots were used to monitor ingestion , uptake and depuration of nanometals in Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia over 24h of exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "COOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "cadmium selenide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 160]}, {"entity": "zinc sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies demonstrated that particles with higher negative charge ( COOH quantum dots ) were taken up to a greater extent by Daphnia ( 259 . 17 +/- 17 . 70 RFU / 20 Daphnia ) than either the NH2 ( 150 . 01 +/- 18 . 91 ) or PEG quantum dots ( 95 . 17 +/- 9 . 78 ) , however this is likely related to the functional groups attached to the nanoparticles as there were no real differences in zeta potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "COOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole body fluorescence associates well with fluorescent microscopic images obtained at the 24h timepoint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal and electron microscopic analysis clearly demonstrated that all three types of quantum dots could cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and be translocated to other cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon cessation of exposure , elimination of all three materials was biphasic with rapid initial clearance that likely represents elimination of material remaining in the GI tract followed by a much slower elimination phase that likely represents elimination of internalized material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies demonstrate that daphnids can take up intact nanomaterial from the water column and that this uptake is strongly influenced by particle surface functionalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the usefulness of using quantum dots as a proxy for other nanometals ( no acute toxicity , clear visualization in electron microscopy ) , in conjunction with several different imaging techniques in assessing uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles in daphnids was demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A kavalactone derivative inhibits lipopolysaccharide - stimulated iNOS induction and NO production through activation of Nrf2 signaling in BV2 microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "kavalactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 13]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer ' s diseases and Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naturally derived kavalactones isolated from Piper methysticum ( Piperaceae ) have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "kavalactones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that a chemically synthesized kavalactone derivative , 2 ' , 6 ' - dichloro - 5 - methoxymethyl - 5 , 6 - dehydrokawain ( compound 1 ) protects against oxidative stress - induced neuronal cell death through activation of Nrf2 signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "kavalactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "2 ' , 6 ' - dichloro - 5 - methoxymethyl - 5 , 6 - dehydrokawain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined the effect of compound 1 on neuroinflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In BV2 microglial cells , compound 1 strongly inhibited LPS - stimulated iNOS induction and NO production , but did not affect LPS - stimulated induction of COX2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 6h after LPS challenge , when iNOS induction was not clearly seen , treatment with LPS or compound 1 alone increased expression of heme oxygenase 1 ( HO - 1 ) whose transcription is regulated by Nrf2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When treated with both , compound 1 enhanced LPS - stimulated HO - 1 induction , which was more evident at 24h after LPS treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , LPS - stimulated activation of Nrf2 signaling and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were potentiated by compound 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism by which compound 1 activated Nrf2 signaling was supposed to be a covalent modification of the sulfhydryl groups of Keap1 by an alpha , beta - unsaturated carbonyl group present in the compound 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "alpha , beta - unsaturated carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with hemin , a HO - 1 inducer , and with [ Ru ( CO ) 3Cl2 ] 2 , a CO donor , decreased LPS - stimulated iNOS induction and NO production .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "[ Ru ( CO ) 3Cl2 ] 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 71]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , siRNA - mediated knockdown of HO - 1 expression reduced the inhibitory effect of compound 1 on LPS - stimulated iNOS induction and NO production .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound 1 inhibited LPS - stimulated ERK phosphorylation after LPS treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , compound 1 suppressed LPS / IFN - gamma - stimulated NO production in primary microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that compound 1 is capable of inhibiting LPS - stimulated iNOS induction and NO production via activation of Nrf2 signaling and HO - 1 induction in microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , compound 1 has a potential to reduce neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases through activation of Nrf2 signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein corona mediates the impact of nanomaterials and slows amyloid beta fibrillation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Put your coat on : It is well recognized that the surfaces of nanomaterials in biological media are covered by various biomolecules ( e . g . , proteins ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ) The protein corona creates a shell over different nanomaterials , regardless of their physicochemical properties ( e . g . , composition and shape ) , resulting in reduced levels of amyloid beta fibril formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B ) Pristine nanomaterials might have acceleratory effects on the fibrillation of amyloid beta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of phosphate buffer in parenteral drugs on particle formation from glass vials .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristics of inorganic particles generated in glass vials filled with phosphate buffer solutions were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During storage , particles were visually detected in the phosphate buffer solution in particular glass vials which pass compendial tests of containers for injectable drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These particles were considered to be different from ordinal glass delamination , which has been reported in a number of papers because the particles were mainly composed of Al , P and O , but not Si .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 180]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 186]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of the particles accelerated at higher storage temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the surface treatments tested for the glass vials , sulfur treatment showed a protective effect on the particle formation in the vials , whereas the SiO2 coating did not have any protective effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the elution ratio of Al and Si in the solution stored in the glass vials after the heating was similar to the ratio of Al and Si in borosilicate glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "borosilicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the Al concentration decreased during storage ( 5 degrees C , 6 months ) , and consequently , particle formation was observed in the solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adding citrate , which is a chelating agent for Al , effectively suppressed the particle formation in the heated solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When 50 ppb and higher concentrations of Al ion were added to the phosphate buffer solution , the formation of white particles containing Al , P and O was detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 144]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that a phosphate buffer solution in a borosilicate glass vial has the ability to form particles due to interactions with the Al that is eluted from the glass during storage .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "borosilicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microengineered PEG Hydrogels : 3D Scaffolds for Guided Cell Growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designing three - dimensional ( 3D ) scaffolds for selective manipulation of cell growth is of high relevance for applications in regenerative medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , scaffolds with oriented morphologies bear high potential to guide the restoration of specific tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabrication of hydrogel scaffolds that support long - term survival , proliferation , and unidirectional growth of embedded cells is presented here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parallel channel structures are introduced into the bulk hydrogels by uniaxial freezing , providing stable , and uniform porosity suitable for cell invasion ( pore diameters of 5 - 15 micro m ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro assessment of the scaffolds with murine fibroblasts ( NIH L929 ) shows a remarkable unidirectional movement along the channels , with the cells traveling several millimeters through the hydrogel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameterization of a reactive force field using a monte carlo algorithm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameterization of a molecular dynamics force field is essential in realistically modeling the physicochemical processes involved in a molecular system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This step is often challenging when the equations involved in describing the force field are complicated as well as when the parameters are mostly empirical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ReaxFF is one such reactive force field which uses hundreds of parameters to describe the interactions between atoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimization of the parameters in ReaxFF is done such that the properties predicted by ReaxFF matches with a set of quantum chemical or experimental data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the optimization of the parameters is done by an inefficient single - parameter parabolic - search algorithm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we use a robust metropolis Monte - Carlo algorithm with simulated annealing to search for the optimum parameters for the ReaxFF force field in a high - dimensional parameter space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimization is done against a set of quantum chemical data for MgSO4 hydrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgSO4 hydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimized force field reproduced the chemical structures , the equations of state , and the water binding curves of MgSO4 hydrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgSO4 hydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transferability test of the ReaxFF force field shows the extend of transferability for a particular molecular system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study points out that the ReaxFF force field is not indefinitely transferable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - delivery of 10 - Hydroxycamptothecin with Doxorubicin Conjugated Prodrugs for Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 - Hydroxycamptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well - defined amphiphilic linear - dendritic prodrugs ( MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX ) are synthesized by conjugating doxorubicin ( DOX ) , to MPEG - b - PAMAM through the acid - labile hydrazone bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "MPEG - b - PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 154]}, {"entity": "hydrazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amphiphilic prodrugs form self - assembled nanoparticles in deionized water and encapsulate the hydrophobic anticancer drug 10 - hydroxycamptothecin ( HCPT ) with a high drug loading efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 - hydroxycamptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 152]}, {"entity": "HCPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on drug release and cellular uptake of the co - delivery system reveal that both drugs are released in a pH - dependent manner and effectively taken up by MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) assays and drug - induced apoptosis tests demonstrate the HCPT - loaded nanoparticles suppress cancer cell growth more efficiently than the MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX prodrugs , free HCPT , and physical mixtures of MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX and HCPT at equivalent DOX or HCPT doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 37]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "HCPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 208]}, {"entity": "HCPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 229]}, {"entity": "MPEG - b - PAMAM - DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 279]}, {"entity": "HCPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 288]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [303, 306]}, {"entity": "HCPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rational Discovery of Dengue Type 2 Non - competitive Inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various works have been carried out in developing therapeutics against dengue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to date , no effective vaccine or anti - dengue agent has yet been discovered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of protease inhibitors is considered as a promising option , but most previous works have involved competitive inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we focused on rational discovery of potential anti - dengue agents based on non - competitive inhibition of DEN - 2 NS2B / NS3 protease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A homology model of the DEN - 2 NS2B / NS3 protease ( using West Nile Virus NS2B / NS3 protease complex , 2FP7 , as the template ) was used as the target and pinostrobin , a flavanone , was used as the standard ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "pinostrobin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virtual screening was performed involving a total of 13 , 341 small compounds , with the backbone structures of chalcone , flavanone and flavone , available from the ZINC database .", "entity": [{"entity": "chalcone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ranking of the resulting compounds yielded compounds with higher binding affinities compared to the standard ligand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition assay of the selected top ranking compounds against DEN - 2 NS2B / NS3 proteolytic activity resulted in significantly better inhibition compared to the standard and correlated well with in silico results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , via this rational discovery technique , better inhibitors were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method can be used in further work to discover lead compounds for anti - dengue agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential of nanocrystalline cellulose - fibrin nanocomposites for artificial vascular graft applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of synthesizing new nanocomposites from nanocrystalline cellulose ( NCC ) and fibrin for small - diameter replacement vascular graft ( SDRVG ) application was demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periodate oxidation of NCC can augment reactive carbonyl groups on NCC and facilitate its cross - linking with fibrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCC - fibrin nanocomposites were synthesized , composed of homogeneously dispersed oxidized NCC ( ONCC ) in a fibrin matrix , with fibrin providing elasticity and ONCC providing strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximum strength and elongation of the nanocomposites were determined by Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM ) and compared with a native blood vessel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manipulation of degree of oxidation of NCC and the NCC - to - fibrin ratio resulted in the variation of strength and elongation of the nanocomposites , indicating that the nanocomposites can be tailored to conform to the diverse mechanical properties of native blood vessels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mechanistic understanding of the molecular interactions of ONCC and fibrin was illustrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study established fundamental information to utilizing NCC for SDRVG applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional interactions between matrix metalloproteinases and glycosaminoglycans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to most proteinases , matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP ) do not recognize a consensus cleavage site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it is not surprising that , in a defined in vitro reaction , most MMPs can act on a wide range of proteins , including many extracellular matrix proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the findings obtained from in vivo studies with genetic models have demonstrated that individual MMPs act on just a few extracellular protein substrates , typically not matrix proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limited , precise functions of an MMP imply that mechanisms have evolved to control the specificity of proteinase : substrate interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss the possibility that interactions with the glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans may function as allosteric regulators or accessory factors directing MMP catalysis to specific substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that understanding how the activity of specific MMPs is confined to discreet compartments and targeted to defined substrates via interactions with other macromolecules may provide a means of blocking potentially deleterious MMP - mediated processes at the same time as sparing any beneficial functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetics and conversion of the lactone to the carboxylate forms of ginkgolide B in rat plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ginkgolide B consists of three lactone groups , which may undergo hydrolysis , and lead to the rings opening in aqueous solution with different pHs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From mechanisms of pharmacological activity in vivo , the lactone appears to be the active form of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics of lactone form ( GB - lac ) and the total of the lactone and carboxylate form ( GB - tot ) of ginkgolide B were investigated after intravenous administration of a dose of 4 mg / kg ginkgolide B .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "GB - lac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of lactone hydrolysis was also studied in plasma in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After intravenous administration , ginkgolide B in the original form was converted to its carboxylate form under simulated physiological conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AUC0 - infinity of GB - lac constituted 63 . 5 +/- 17 . 4 % of the AUC0 - infinity of GB - tot .", "entity": [{"entity": "GB - lac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of average cumulation of excretion of lactone to carboxylate reached approximately 1 to 1 in urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the equilibrium of lactone hydrolysis in rat plasma in vitro , the k obs was - 0 . 0176 min ( - 1 ) and t 1 / 2 was 39 . 38 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the equilibrium existed between lactone of ginkgolide B and its carboxylate form in vivo at physiological pH , which suggested that more attention should be focused on the original and the ionization forms of ginkgolide B and the conversion of the lactone into carboxylate in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "ginkgolide B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 237]}, {"entity": "lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 271]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular orientation and dynamics of different sized organic radicals included in organic 1D nanochannels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular orientation and dynamics of di - t - butylnitroxide ( DTBN ) and 4 - oxo - 2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethyl - 1 - piperidinyl - 1 - oxyl ( TEMPONE ) radicals in the organic 1D nanochannels of tris ( o - phenylenedioxy ) cyclotriphosphazene ( TPP ) were investigated by examining inclusion compounds ( ICs ) diluted by the co - inclusion of nonradicals using electron spin resonance ( ESR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "di - t - butylnitroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 65]}, {"entity": "DTBN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "4 - oxo - 2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethyl - 1 - piperidinyl - 1 - oxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 145]}, {"entity": "TEMPONE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "tris ( o - phenylenedioxy ) cyclotriphosphazene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 248]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectral simulation showed that the axial rotation of DTBN or TEMPONE molecules is excited in TPP nanochannels with activation energies of 3 and 10 kJ mol ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "DTBN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "TEMPONE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rotation axes for both DTBN and TEMPONE were determined to be almost parallel to the principal y - axis of the g tensor , which agrees with the result reported for 2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethyl - 1 - piperidinyl - 1 - oxyl ( TEMPO ) in TPP nanochannels , which has the activation energy of 5 kJ mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DTBN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "TEMPONE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 , 6 , 6 - tetramethyl - 1 - piperidinyl - 1 - oxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 224]}, {"entity": "TEMPO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 232]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the molecular orientations of guest nitroxide radicals are almost independent of the molecular sizes of the guest radicals in TPP nanochannels , although the molecular dynamics are dependent on the molecular sizes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "TPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethnobotanical study on traditional use of medicinal plants in South - Western Serbia , Zlatibor district .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethnopharmacological relevance : This paper provides significant ethnobotanical information on medicinal plant uses in the Zlatibor district , South - Western Serbia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials and methods : A survey was performed using questionnaires with 220 informants ( mean age 47 , 79 % female , 21 % male ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the use value and the relative importance of species were determined and the informant consensus factor was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intended plants usage was compared with previous ethnobotanical literature , with reference to the neighboring areas of Zlatibor district .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The informants provided data for 69 medicinal plants belonging to 36 families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosaceae , Lamiaceae and Asteraceae were the predominant locally used families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The species with the highest use value were Mentha piperita , Matricaria chamomilla , Hypericum perforatum and Achillea millefolium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most frequently reported medicinal uses were ones for treating gastrointestinal ailments , respiratory problems and skin diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually , the administration was primarily oral followed by topical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All different plant parts were utilized , however leaves were the most exploited parts of the plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : Folk medicine in South - Western Serbia , Zlatibor district is intended mainly as a mode of primary health care in healing of minor illnesses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate a slight reduction in the ethnobotanical and medical knowledge in this area , when compared with neighboring regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant streptavidin - C3bot for delivery of proteins into macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated previously that monocytes and macrophages are target cells for the Rho - modifying Clostridium botulinum C3 ADP - ribosyltransferase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the construction , expression and characterization of a recombinant streptavidin - C3 fusion protein which allows for delivery of biotin - labelled molecules into the cytosol of macrophages via enzymatically inactive C3bot1E174Q .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme domain of diphtheria toxin was used as cargo to demonstrate proof of principle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This transport system could represent an attractive tool for experimental monocyte / macrophage pharmacology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular disease prevention : matching evidence - based algorithms with individualized care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The appropriate use of statins in primary prevention remains a matter of debate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although statins reduce cardiovascular events at all levels of baseline risk , they are associated with rare but important side effects including incident diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we review strategies for statin allocation ranging from strict \" evidence - based \" adherence to randomized controlled clinical trial ( RCT ) entry criteria to more \" personalized \" risk assessment using high - sensitivity C - reactive protein ( hsCRP ) , coronary artery calcification ( CAC ) , or genetic testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current guidelines advocate an unusual middle ground between an evidence - based approach and a personalized approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog - Gli Activators Direct Osteo - chondrogenic Function of Bone Morphogenetic Protein toward Osteogenesis in the Perichondrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specification of progenitors into the osteoblast lineage is an essential event for skeletogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During endochondral ossification , cells in the perichondrium give rise to osteoblast precursors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog ( Hh ) and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) are suggested to regulate the commitment of these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , properties of perichondrial cells and regulatory mechanisms of the specification process are still poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the machineries by combining a novel organ culture system and single - cell expression analysis with mouse genetics and biochemical analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a metatarsal organ culture reproducing bone collar formation , activation of BMP signaling enhanced the bone collar formation cooperatively with Hh input , whereas the signaling induced ectopic chondrocyte formation in the perichondrium without Hh input .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar phenotypes were also observed in compound mutant mice , where signaling activities of Hh and BMP were genetically manipulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - cell quantitative RT - PCR analyses showed heterogeneity of perichondrial cells in terms of natural characteristics and responsiveness to Hh input .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro analyses revealed that Hh signaling suppressed BMP - induced chondrogenic differentiation ; Gli1 inhibited the expression of Sox5 , Sox6 , and Sox9 ( SRY box - containing gene 9 ) as well as transactivation by Sox9 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , ectopic expression of chondrocyte maker genes were observed in the perichondrium of metatarsals in Gli1 ( - / - ) fetuses , and the phenotype was more severe in Gli1 ( - / - ) ; Gli2 ( - / - ) newborns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that Hh - Gli activators alter the function of BMP to specify perichondrial cells into osteoblasts ; the timing of Hh input and its target populations are critical for BMP function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel mechanism by which SDF - 1 beta protects cardiac cells from palmitate - induced ER stress and apoptosis via CXCR7 and AMPK / p38 MAPK - mediated IL - 6 generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the protective effect of stromal cell - derived factor - 1beta ( SDF - 1 beta ) on cardiac cells from lipotoxicity in vitro and diabetes in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of cardiac cells to palmitate increased apoptosis by activating NADPH oxidase - associated nitrosative stress and endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress , which abolished by pretreatment with SDF - 1 beta via up - regulation of AMPK - mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and IL - 6 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SDF - 1 beta cardiac protection could be abolished by inhibition of AMPK , p38 MAPK or IL - 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of AMPK or addition of recombinant IL - 6 recaptured a similar cardiac protection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SDF - 1 beta receptor CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 or CXCR4 siRNA could not , but CXCR7 siRNA completely abolish SDF - 1 beta ' s protection from palmitate - induced apoptosis and activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMD3100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of SDF - 1 beta to diabetic rats , induced by high - fat - diet feeding with a small dose of streptozotocin , could significantly reduce cardiac apoptosis and increase in AMPK phosphorylation along with a prevention of diabetes - induced cardiac oxidative damage , inflammation , hypertrophy and remodeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results showed that SDF - 1 beta protects palmitate - induced cardiac apoptosis , which is mediated by NADPH oxidase - activated nitrosative damage and ER stress , via CXCR7 to activate AMPK / p38 MAPK - mediated IL - 6 generation .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cardiac protection by SDF - 1 beta from diabetes - induced oxidative damage , cell death and remodeling was also associated with AMPK activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of cytochrome P450 1 ( Cyp1 ) by vanadium in hepatic tissue and isolated hepatocyte of C57BL / 6 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "vanadium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of vanadium ( V ( 5 + ) ) on Cyp1 expression and activity in C57BL / 6 mice liver and isolated hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "vanadium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , C57BL6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with V ( 5 + ) ( 5 mg / kg ) in the absence and presence of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( TCDD ) ( 15 mu g / kg ) for 6 and 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 170]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , isolated hepatocytes from C57BL6 mice were treated with V ( 5 + ) ( 5 , 10 , and 20 mu M ) in the absence and presence of TCDD ( 1 nM ) for 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , V ( 5 + ) alone did not significantly alter Cyp1a1 , Cyp1a2 , or Cyp1b1 mRNA , protein , or catalytic activity levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon co - exposure to V ( 5 + ) and TCDD , V ( 5 + ) significantly potentiated the TCDD - mediated induction of the Cyp1a1 , Cyp1a2 , and Cyp1b1 mRNA , protein , and catalytic activity levels at 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , V ( 5 + ) decreased the TCDD - mediated induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA , protein , and catalytic activity levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , V ( 5 + ) significantly inhibited the TCDD - induced AhR - dependent luciferase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "V ( 5 + ) also increased serum hemoglobin ( Hb ) levels in animals treated for 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon treatment of isolated hepatocytes with Hb alone or in the presence of TCDD , there was an increase in the AhR - dependent luciferase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When isolated hepatocytes were treated for 2 h with V ( 5 + ) in the presence of TCDD , followed by replacement of the medium with new medium containing Hb , there was further potentiation to the TCDD - mediated effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study demonstrates that there is a differential modulation of Cyp1a1 by V ( 5 + ) in C57BL / 6 mice livers and isolated hepatocytes and demonstrates Hb as an in vivo specific modulator .", "entity": [{"entity": "V ( 5 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic dephenylation of the rubber antioxidant N - phenyl - 2 - naphthylamine to carcinogenic 2 - naphthylamine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - phenyl - 2 - naphthylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 80]}, {"entity": "2 - naphthylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Phenyl - 2 - naphthylamine ( P2NA ) was widely used as oxidation inhibitor , particularly in rubber manufacturing .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Phenyl - 2 - naphthylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Technical - grade P2NA was contaminated with carcinogenic 2 - naphthylamine ( 2NA ) , and bladder cancer risk in exposed workers was attributed to this impurity .", "entity": [{"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "2 - naphthylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigations in humans and mammalian species revealed that small amounts of 2NA are excreted into urine after exposure to P2NA .", "entity": [{"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since 2NA per se is not carcinogenic and main downstream metabolites of 2NA have not been found in urine so far , it remained uncertain if 2NA derived from P2NA dephenylation is further activated to carcinogenic downstream metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental animal study was therefore designed to indicate if , and if yes to which extent , 2NA from P2NA dephenylation is accessible to the metabolic pathway that is held responsible for the carcinogenicity of 2NA .", "entity": [{"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups of 5 male and female CD rats were dosed with P2NA ( 2 - 550 mg / kg b . w . ) and 2NA ( 0 . 075 - 75 mg / kg b . w . ) ; 2NA - haemoglobin adducts and urinary 2NA excretion were determined applying GC - MS / MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2NA haemoglobin adducts originated dose - dependently after 2NA and P2NA dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To induce identical adduct concentrations , an approximately 100 - 200 - fold higher dose of P2NA was necessary compared to 2NA .", "entity": [{"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since haemoglobin adducts are formed by the same pathway ( N - hydroxylation ) as the ultimate carcinogens from 2NA , the comparison of adduct concentrations after 2NA and P2NA dosage permits a quantitative estimate of the carcinogenicity of P2NA .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 60]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 176]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that 2NA derived from dephenylation of P2NA enters the carcinogenic downstream pathway of 2NA in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the bladder cancer risk after human exposures to P2NA must be re - evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "P2NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of bisphenol - A on insulin signal transduction and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle of adult male albino rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estrogenic monomer bisphenol - A ( BPA ) is an endocrine - disrupting chemical used in the production of epoxy resins , plastic food and beverage containers , leading to ubiquitous human exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "epoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmentally relevant doses of BPA have profound effects on mice endocrine pancreas .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It increases pancreatic insulin content and favors postprandial hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in male mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic glucose metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated the possible effects of BPA on insulin - signaling molecules and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle of male rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group I : control ( vehicle treated ) and groups II and III were administered with BPA orally ( 20 and 200 mg / kg bw / day , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there was no change in the levels of insulin receptor ( IR ) , Akt ( protein kinase B ) and glucose transporter - 4 ( GLUT4 ) messenger RNA , BPA significantly decreased the IR , Akt and GLUT4 protein levels ( both plasma membrane and cytosolic fraction ) of the gastrocnemius muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was an increase in serum insulin and decrease in serum testosterone levels but fasting blood glucose level remained unaltered .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , BPA has adverse effects on phosphorylation of Akt , GLUT4 translocation and ( 14 ) C - glucose oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "( 14 ) C - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of the combined artesunate and mefloquine antimalarial drugs on rat embryos .", "entity": [{"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "mefloquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artemisinins combination therapy ( ACT ) is the first choice therapy for falciparum malaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Artemisinins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data on the safety of ACTs in pregnancy are limited and controversial and the use is not recommended on the first trimester .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the effects of isolated and combined artesunate ( AS ) / mefloquine ( MQ ) on embryo rats , pregnant rats were treated orally with AS ( 15 and 40 mg / kg body weight ( bwt ) / day ) , MQ ( 30 and 80 mg / kg bwt / day ) and AS / MQ ( 15 / 30 and 40 / 80 mg / kg bwt / day ) on days 9 - 11 post coitum ( pc ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "mefloquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dams were euthanized on day 12 pc and gestational and embryos histological parameters were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Embryolethality and histopathological anomalies were significant when AS was given alone or combined with MQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of AS and MQ did not enhance their toxicity compared to their separate administrations ; on the other side , there was a reduction in the toxic effects of the AS when combined with MQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated MQ did not induce developmental toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic , genotoxic and antigenotoxic potencies of oligorutins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rutin has been enzymatically oligomerized by laccase from Trametes versicolor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five fractions of oligomers were obtained from the monomers having high solubility in water , which can reach 351 - times that of rutin .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity of rutin and oligorutin fractions was evaluated towards K562 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligorutin fractions showed a lower antiproliferative effect compared with its monomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genotoxic potential of rutin and oligorutin fractions was assessed , at the limit of the solubility of each molecule , using the comet test .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the tested concentrations of either rutin or oligorutin fractions has showed a genotoxic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the antigenotoxic effect of these flavonoids was tested using the same assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained results showed a higher ability of oligorutin fractions to reduce the genotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide compared with monomeric rutin .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 124]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheological properties and tunable thermoplasticity of phenolic rich fraction of pyrolysis bio - oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we report on the preparation , characterization , and properties of a thermally treated lignin - derived , phenolic - rich fraction ( PRF ) of wood pyrolysis bio - oil obtained by ethyl acetate extraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PRF was characterized for viscoelastic and rheological behavior using dynamic mechanical analysis ( DMA ) and cone and plate rheology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unique thermoplastic behavior was evidenced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heat - treated PRFs acquire high modulus but show low temperatures of thermal flow which can be systematically manipulated through the thermal pretreatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of volatiles , changes in molecular weight , and glass transition temperature ( Tg ) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ) , mass spectrometry ( MS ) , and differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Underlying mechanisms for the thermal and rheological behavior are discussed with regard to interactions between pyrolytic lignin nanoparticles present in the system and the role of volatile materials on determining the properties of the material resembling in several aspects to colloidal suspension systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low thermal flow temperatures and reversible thermal effects can be attributed to association of pyrolytic lignin particles due to intermolecular interactions that are easily ruptured at higher temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermoplastic behavior of PRF and its low Tg is of particular interest , as it gives opportunities for application of this fraction in several melt processing and adhesive technologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accurate semiexperimental structure of 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole by the mixed estimation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to determine an accurate equilibrium structure for 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole , microwave transitions and ground - state rotational constants are reported for the parent species and for the ( 18 ) O isotopologue measured in natural abundance .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "( 18 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These rotational constants along with those of the ( 13 ) C , ( 15 ) N , and D1 species were used together with vibration - rotation constants calculated from a cubic force field calculated at the B3LYP / 6 - 311 + G ( 3df , 2pd ) level of theory to derive a semiexperimental equilibrium structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "( 15 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results of this fit were not satisfactory ; therefore , the structure was later significantly improved by the mixed estimation method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this method , internal coordinates from good - quality quantum chemical calculations ( with appropriate uncertainties ) are fitted simultaneously with moments of inertia of the full set of isotopologues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of this structure has been confirmed by using an extrapolation technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All elements of the ( 14 ) N nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor have been determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 14 ) N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antinociceptive effect of 7 - methoxyflavone isolated from Zornia brasiliensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - methoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the antinociceptive effect of 7 - methoxyflavone ( 7MF ) in mice using the following tests : acetic acid - induced writhing , glutamate - and formalin - induced nociception and hotplate .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - methoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7MF ( 30 , 50 , 100 and 300 mu mol / kg , i . p . ) reduced the number of writhes , with ID ( 50 ) = 82 . 5 +/- 11 . 7 mu mol / kg and E ( max ) = 58 . 4 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7MF treatment ( 100 mu mol / kg , i . p . ) inhibited paw - licking time in the neurogenic phase of the formalin pain response ( 65 . 6 % ) and did not decrease the nociceptive response in the inflammatory phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , in glutamate - induced nociception , 7MF inhibited 26 % of the nociceptive answer .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , 7MF did not increase the latency time of the animals in the hotplate test .", "entity": [{"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that 7MF has peripheral antinociceptive activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "7MF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Directed organization of DNA filaments in a soft matter template .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed a noninvasive , all - optical , holographic technique for permanently aligning liquid crystalline DNA filaments in a microperiodic template realized in soft - composite ( polymeric ) materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining optical intensity holography with a selective microfluidic etching process , a channelled microstructure has been realized which enables self - assembly of DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The striking chemicophysical properties of the structure immobilize the DNA filaments within the microchannels without the need of any kind of surface chemistry or functionalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polarized optical , confocal , and electronic microscopies have been used for characterizing the DNA geometry inside the microchannels in terms of birefringence , fluorescence , and nanoscale organization properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , observation of a far - field diffraction pattern confirms a periodic organization of the DNA filaments inside the polymeric template .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - assembly of morphology - tunable architectures from tetraarylmethane derivatives for targeted drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetraarylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tetraarylmethane compounds consisting of two pyrogallol and two aniline units , namely , Ar2CAr ' 2 { Ar = 3 , 4 , 5 - C6H2 ( OH ) 3 and Ar ' = 3 , 5 - R2 - 4 - C6H2NH2 [ R = Me ( 1 ) , iPr ( 2 ) ] } exhibit excellent self - assembly behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tetraarylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "pyrogallol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "aniline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Ar2CAr ' 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 , 5 - C6H2 ( OH ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 132]}, {"entity": "3 , 5 - R2 - 4 - C6H2NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 168]}, {"entity": "iPr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 yields size - tunable hollow nanospheres ( HNSs ) with a narrow size distribution , and 2 yields various morphologies ranging from microtubules to microrods via self - assembly induced by hydrogen bonding and pi - pi stacking interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the experimental results , a plausible mechanism for morphology tunability was proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a means of utilizing the self - assembled HNSs for targeting controlled drug delivery , folic acid ( FA ) and rhodamine 6G ( Rh6G ) were grafted onto compound 1 to yield the FA - Rh6G - 1 complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "rhodamine 6G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "Rh6G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}, {"entity": "FA - Rh6G - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HNSs fabricated with FA - Rh6G - 1 showed low cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney 293T cells and CT26 colon carcinoma cells and good doxorubicin ( DOX ) loading capacity ( 9 . 6 wt % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA - Rh6G - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FA receptor - mediated endocytosis of FA - Rh6G - 1 HNSs examined by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and a flow cytometer revealed that the uptake of FA - Rh6G - 1 HNSs into CT26 cells was induced by FA receptor - mediated endocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "FA - Rh6G - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "FA - Rh6G - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro drug delivery tests showed that the DOX molecules were released from the resulting HNSs in a sustainable and pH - dependent manner , demonstrating a potential application for HNSs in targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel microwave assisted chemical synthesis of Nd 2 Fe 1 4 B hard magnetic nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd 2 Fe 1 4 B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high coercivity and excellent energy product of Nd2Fe14B hard magnets have led to a large number of high value added industrial applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd2Fe14B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical synthesis of Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles is challenging due to the large reduction potential of Nd ( 3 + ) and the high tendency for Nd2Fe14B oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd2Fe14B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "Nd ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}, {"entity": "Nd2Fe14B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the novel synthesis of Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles by a microwave assisted combustion process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd2Fe14B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process consisted of Nd - Fe - B mixed oxide preparation by microwave assisted combustion , followed by the reduction of the mixed oxide by CaH2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd - Fe - B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "CaH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This combustion process is fast , energy efficient and offers facile elemental substitution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coercivity of the resulting powders was ~ 8 . 0 kOe and the saturation magnetization was ~ 40 emu g ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After removal of CaO by washing , saturation magnetization increased and an energy product of 3 . 57 MGOe was obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A range of magnetic properties was obtained by varying the microwave power , reduction temperature and Nd to Fe ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transition from soft to exchange coupled to hard magnetic properties was obtained by varying the composition of NdxFe1 - xB8 ( x varies from 7 % to 40 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NdxFe1 - xB8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This synthesis procedure offers an inexpensive and facile platform to produce exchange coupled hard magnets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyl - CoA Synthetase 1 Is Induced by Gram - negative Bacteria and Lipopolysaccharide and Is Required for Phospholipid Turnover in Stimulated Macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme acyl - CoA synthetase 1 ( ACSL1 ) is induced by peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha ( PPAR alpha ) and PPAR gamma in insulin target tissues , such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue , and plays an important role in beta - oxidation in these tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In macrophages , however , ACSL1 mediates inflammatory effects without significant effects on beta - oxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the function of ACSL1 varies in different tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore investigated the signals and signal transduction pathways resulting in ACSL1 induction in macrophages as well as the consequences of ACSL1 deficiency for phospholipid turnover in LPS - activated macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS , Gram - negative bacteria , IFN - gamma , and TNF alpha all induce ACSL1 expression in macrophages , whereas PPAR agonists do not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS - induced ACSL1 expression is dependent on Toll - like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) and its adaptor protein TRIF ( Toll - like receptor adaptor molecule 1 ) but does not require the MyD88 ( myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ) arm of TLR4 signaling ; nor does it require STAT1 ( signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ) for maximal induction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ACSL1 deletion attenuates phospholipid turnover in LPS - stimulated macrophages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the regulation and biological function of ACSL1 in macrophages differ markedly from that in insulin target tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that ACSL1 may have an important role in the innate immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , these findings illustrate an interesting paradigm in which the same enzyme , ACSL1 , confers distinct biological effects in different cell types , and these disparate functions are paralleled by differences in the pathways that regulate its expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP2C8 * 3 polymorphism and donor age are associated with allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epoxieicosatrienoic acids ( EETs ) play a protective role against damaging processes in the kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epoxieicosatrienoic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "EETs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have assessed the effect of polymorphisms in EETs - producing enzymes ( CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 ) and other proteins involved in calcineurin inhibitors ( CNIs ) disposition ( CYP3A4 , CYP3A5 , and ABCB1 ) on graft function and clinical outcome in 166 renal transplant recipients treated with CNIs .", "entity": [{"entity": "EETs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both CYP2C8 * 3 and donor age greater than 48 years were associated to a higher incidence of delayed graft function ( DGF ) [ OR = 2 . 01 ( 1 . 1 - 4 . 1 ) , P = . 04 and 5 . 14 ( 2 . 4 - 10 . 9 ) , P < . 0001 ; respectively ] and worse creatinine clearance 1 year after grafting ( P < . 05 and P < . 001 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , carrying 4 - 6 variants in the 3 ABCB1 loci and older donor age were individually associated to higher incidence of calcineurin - inhibitor - induced nephrotoxicity [ OR = 2 . 38 ( 1 . 1 - 5 . 4 ) , P = . 03 and OR = 1 . 03 ( 1 . 01 - 1 . 06 ) , P = . 038 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regression analyses confirmed the relevant effect of both CYP2C8 * 3 and donor age on graft dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carrying the 2C8 * 3 allele and having a donor older than 48 years was defined as a high - risk status and observed to be highly related to DGF [ OR = 3 . 91 ( 1 . 46 - 10 . 48 ) , P < . 01 ] and worse creatinine clearance ( P = . 033 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that genetic and clinical parameters can be combined to identify risk factors for allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissecting the roles of the N - and C - flanking residues of acetyllysine substrates for SIRT1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 29]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 37]}, {"entity": "acetyllysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SIRT1 specificity : The multispecific SIRT1 enzyme catalyzes the deacetylation of acetyllysine residues within protein targets .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetyllysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , little is known regarding the molecular basis for SIRT1 substrate recognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic analysis of SIRT1 with a panel of peptide substrates shows the high importance of the region N - flanking the target acetyllysine and its high conservation through evolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 102]}, {"entity": "acetyllysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatin Remodeling by Rosuvastatin Normalizes TSC2 - / meth Cell Phenotype through the Expression of Tuberin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC ) is a multi - systemic syndrome caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In TSC2 - null cells , Rheb , a member of the Ras family of GTPases , is constitutively activated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statins inhibit 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and block the synthesis of isoprenoid lipids with inhibition of Rheb farnesylation and RhoA geranylgeranylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 59]}, {"entity": "isoprenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of rosuvastatin on the function of human TSC2 ( - / - ) and TSC2 ( - / meth ) alpha - actin smooth muscle ( ASM ) cells have been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TSC2 ( - / - ) and TSC2 ( - / meth ) ASM cells , previously isolated in our laboratory from the renal angiomyolipoma of two TSC patients , do not express tuberin and bear loss of heterozigosity caused by a double hit on TSC2 and methylation of TSC2 promoter , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to rosuvastatin affected TSC2 ( - / meth ) ASM cell growth and promoted tuberin expression by acting as a demethylating agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This occurred without changes in interleukin release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosuvastatin also reduced RhoA activation in TSC2 ( - / meth ) ASM cells , and it required coadministration with the specific mTOR ( mammalian target of rapamycin ) inhibitor rapamycin to be effective in TSC2 ( - / - ) ASM cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapamycin enhanced rosuvastatin effect in inhibiting cell proliferation in TSC2 ( - / - ) and TSC2 ( - / meth ) ASM cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rosuvastatin alone did not alter phosphorylation of S6 and extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) , and at the higher concentration , rosuvastatin and rapamycin slightly decreased ERK phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that rosuvastatin may potentially represent a treatment adjunct to the therapy with mTOR inhibitors now in clinical development for TSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , rosuvastatin appears useful when the disease is originated by epigenetic defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PtCl2 - Catalyzed Tandem Enyne Cyclization / 1 , 2 Ester Migration Reaction Controlled by Substituent Effects of All - Carbon 1 , 6 - Enynyl Esters .", "entity": [{"entity": "PtCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Enyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 Ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "All - Carbon 1 , 6 - Enynyl Esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the move : A novel PtCl2 - catalyzed tandem 1 , 6 - enyne cyclization / 1 , 2 - acyloxy migration reaction was developed , which was shown to be controlled by substitution effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "PtCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "1 , 6 - enyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - acyloxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this method , a series of substituted enol esters containing the cyclopentenyl motif were prepared in moderate to high yields .", "entity": [{"entity": "enol esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "cyclopentenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering on Non - SERS Active Substrates and In Situ Electrochemical Study based on a Single Gold Microshell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single gold microshell , which was elaborately fabricated to carry numerous hot spots on its own surface , enabled the acquisition of the SERS spectra from the molecules on non - SERS active substrates such as Si / SiO2 , ITO , and glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 214]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 221]}, {"entity": "ITO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A self - assembled monolayer of 11 - mercaptoundecanols on the gold microshell offered an easy and reliable way to electrically insulate from the underlying flat Pt electrode and accomplish in situ monitoring the electrochemical reaction with minimal interference .", "entity": [{"entity": "11 - mercaptoundecanols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute waterborne copper toxicity to the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa at different salinities : Influence of natural freshwater and marine dissolved organic matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of natural dissolved organic matter ( DOM ) on acute waterborne Cu toxicity was evaluated in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa at 3 different water salinities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three sources of freshwater DOM ( extracted by reverse osmosis ) and 2 sources of marine DOM ( extracted using a solid - phase technique ) were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial salt water was used to prepare the experimental media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different combinations of Cu concentrations and DOM sources and concentrations were tested at salinities of 5 , 15 , and 30 ppt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity data ( 48 - h median lethal concentration [ LC50 ] values ) were calculated based on dissolved Cu concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a broad view , data showed that increasing salinity was protective against the acute waterborne Cu toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , Cu toxicity was also lower in the presence than in the absence of DOM .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity ( 48 - h LC50 ) values from all treatments at the same salinity showed a positive linear relationship with the dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the protective effect of DOM against the acute Cu toxicity seems to be dependent mainly on the DOM concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it seems also to be dependent to some extent on the source of DOM used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , findings reported in the present study clearly indicate that both salinity and DOM ( source and concentration ) should be taken into account in the development of an estuarine version of the biotic ligand model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environ Toxicol Chem 2013 ; 32 : 1412 - 1419 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical Properties and Erosion Behavior of Poly ( trimethylene carbonate - co - epsilon - caprolactone ) Networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( trimethylene carbonate - co - epsilon - caprolactone )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Form - stable resorbable networks are prepared by gamma irradiating trimethylene carbonate ( TMC ) - and epsilon - caprolactone ( CL ) - based ( co ) polymer films .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethylene carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 90]}, {"entity": "TMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "epsilon - caprolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate their suitability for biomedical applications , their physical properties and erosion behavior are investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homopolymer and copolymer networks that are amorphous at room temperature are flexible and rubbery with elastic moduli ranging from 1 . 8 +/- 0 . 3 to 5 . 2 +/- 0 . 4 MPa and permanent set values as low as 0 . 9 % strain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elastic moduli of the semicrystalline networks are higher and range from 61 +/- 3 to 484 +/- 34 MPa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The erosion behavior of ( co ) polymer networks is investigated in vitro using macrophage cultures , and in vivo by subcutaneous implantation in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In macrophage cultures , as well as upon implantation , a surface erosion process is observed for the amorphous ( co ) polymer networks , while an abrupt decrease in the rate and a change in the nature of the erosion process are observed with increasing crystallinity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These resorbable and form - stable networks with tuneable properties may find application in a broad range of biomedical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of nanoprecipitation technique for preparation of gelatin nanoparticles and potential macromolecular drug loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An optimum nanoprecipitation technique for gelatin nanoparticles is established , based on aqueous gelatin solution and ethanolic solution containing stabilizer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde results in stable gelatine nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutaraldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several factors such as the surfactant concentration , type of surfactant , type of nonsolvent and gelatin concentration are evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin nanoparticles with 200 - 300 nm can be produced using 20 - 30 mg mL ( - 1 ) of gelatin and a minimum of 7 % w / v stabilizer ( Poloxamer 407 or 188 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , methanol and ethanol are good nonsolvents , whereas other nonsolvents such as acetone , isopropyl alcohol , and acetonitrile , result in phase separation and visible precipitates .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "isopropyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entrapment efficiency of fluorescein - isothiocyanate ( FITC ) - dextran as model drug was determined to 50 % with no substantial effect on particle size .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein - isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 57]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "80 % of the drug is only released after enzymatic digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neural correlates of performance monitoring in chronic cannabis users and cannabis - naive controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic cannabis use is associated with residual negative effects on measures of executive functioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , little previous work has focused specifically on executive processes involved in performance monitoring in frequent cannabis users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated event - related potential ( ERP ) correlates of performance monitoring in chronic cannabis users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The error - related negativity ( ERN ) and error positivity ( Pe ) , ERPs sensitive to performance monitoring , were recorded from 30 frequent cannabis users ( mean usage = 5 . 52 days / week ) and 32 cannabis - na i ve control participants during a speeded stimulus discrimination task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The \" oddball \" P3 ERP was recorded as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Users and controls did not differ on the amplitude or latency of the ERN ; however , Pe amplitude was larger among users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Users also showed increased amplitude and reduced latency of the P3 in response to infrequent stimuli presented during the task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among users , urinary cannabinoid metabolite levels at testing were unrelated to ERP outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , total years of cannabis use correlated negatively with P3 latency and positively with P3 amplitude , and age of first cannabis use correlated negatively with P3 amplitude .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study suggest that chronic cannabis use is associated with alterations in neural activity related to the processing of motivationally - relevant stimuli ( P3 ) and errors ( Pe ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expansion of Secretin - Like G Protein - Coupled Receptors and Their Peptide Ligands via Local Duplications Before and After Two Rounds of Whole - Genome Duplication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In humans , the secretin - like G protein - coupled receptor ( GPCR ) family comprises 15 members with 18 corresponding peptide ligand genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although members have been identified in a large variety of vertebrate and nonvertebrate species , the origin and relationship of these proteins remain unresolved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this issue , we employed large - scale genome comparisons to identify genome fragments with conserved synteny and matched these fragments to linkage groups in reconstructed early gnathostome ancestral chromosomes ( GAC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This genome comparison revealed that most receptor and peptide genes were clustered in three GAC linkage groups and suggested that the ancestral forms of five peptide subfamilies ( corticotropin - releasing hormone - like , calcitonin - like , parathyroid hormone - like , glucagon - like , and growth hormone - releasing hormone - like ) and their cognate receptor families emerged through tandem local gene duplications before two rounds ( 2R ) of whole - genome duplication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These subfamily genes have , then , been amplified by 2R whole - genome duplication , followed by additional local duplications and gene loss prior to the divergence of land vertebrates and teleosts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study delineates a possible evolutionary scenario for whole secretin - like peptide and receptor family members and may shed light on evolutionary mechanisms for expansion of a gene family with a large number of paralogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decompression - induced crystal polymorphism in a room - temperature ionic liquid , N , N - diethyl - N - methyl - N - ( 2 - methoxyethyl ) ammonium tetrafluoroborate .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - diethyl - N - methyl - N - ( 2 - methoxyethyl ) ammonium tetrafluoroborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We explore the phase behavior of room - temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs ) compressed under high pressure to determine whether they crystallize or hold a liquid state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RTILs have attractive supercooling properties compared with ordinary molecular liquids , which easily become a glassy state without crystallizing at ambient pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , phase behavior under extreme stress , such as pressure , might yield interesting results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that N , N - diethyl - N - methyl - N - ( 2 - methoxyethyl ) ammonium tetrafluoroborate ( [ DEME ] [ BF4 ] ) could be crystallized upon compression , but it usually formed a superpressed liquid .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - diethyl - N - methyl - N - ( 2 - methoxyethyl ) ammonium tetrafluoroborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 102]}, {"entity": "[ DEME ] [ BF4 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , unusual crystallization could be induced by releasing the pressure on the superpressed liquid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , crystal polymorphism was observed in the decompression process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These facts along with visual observations indicate the possibility of [ DEME ] [ BF4 ] serving as a superpressurized glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ DEME ] [ BF4 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings may facilitate the development of a new range of applications for RTILs that have undergone high - pressure recrystallization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excitons in conjugated polymers : a tale of two particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the discovery of electroluminescence in the phenyl - based conjugated polymers in 1990 , the field of polymer optoelectronics has matured to the extent that presently a wide class of devices have been commercialized .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These range from both miniature and wide - area light emitting devices to hybrid photovoltaic devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , our understanding of the fundamental processes that determine these optoelectronic properties has also progressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , owing to insights from both experimental and theoretical investigations , the role of the primary excited states , i . e . , excitons , is now considerably clearer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review discusses these primary excited states and explains how the three key roles of electron - electron interactions , electron - nuclear coupling , and disorder determine their properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the properties of an exciton are more readily understood by decomposing it into two effective particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , a relative particle that describes the size and binding energy of the electron - hole pair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , a center - of - mass particle that describes the extent of the delocalization of the electron - hole pair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disorder and coupling to the normal modes localizes the center - of - mass particle and provides a quantitative definition of chromophores in conjugated polymers , paving the way for a first - principles theory of exciton diffusion in these systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Components of the Interleukin - 6 transsignalling system are associated with the metabolic syndrome , endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) is an increasing epidemiologic challenge and cardiovascular risk factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) is a cytokine that exerts its biological function via a complex orchestration of soluble and membrane bound receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated associations between IL - 6 and its soluble receptors , soluble IL - 6 receptor ( sIL - 6r ) and soluble glycoprotein 130 ( sGP130 ) and the metabolic syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we have investigated possible associations with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A total of 563 subjects were included in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program were used for the definition of MetS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used commercially available ELISA to analyse circulating levels of the markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulse wave propagation time ( PWP ) was determined to assess arterial stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The criteria for having MetS were filled by 221 subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sGP130 , sIL - 6r and IL - 6 levels were elevated in subjects with MetS ( p < 0 . 05 for all markers ) , and are associated with increasing components of MetS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly hypertriglyceridaemia , hypertension and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) seem to carry this association .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sGP130 ( p < 0 . 01 ) , IL - 6 ( p < 0 . 05 ) and partially sIL - 6r ( p < 0 . 05 ) correlated with markers of endothelial function ( E - selectin , I - CAM - 1 , V - CAM - 1 ) and inversely with PWP after adjustment for relevant covariates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : sGP130 , sIL - 6r and IL - 6 were significantly elevated in subjects with MetS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , sGP130 , IL - 6 and partially sIL - 6r were associated with markers of endothelial function and arterial stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding sheds new light on the role of these inflammatory cytokines in subjects with MetS and the development and progression of clinically silent atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atorvastatin withdrawal elicits oxidative / nitrosative damage in the rat cerebral cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statins are inhibitors of the enzyme 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase , the rate - limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 80]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statins effectively prevent and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease through lowering serum cholesterol , and also exert anti - thrombotic , anti - inflammatory and antioxidant effects independently of changes in cholesterol levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , clinical and experimental evidence suggests that abrupt cessation of statin treatment ( i . e . statin withdrawal ) is associated with a deleterious rebound phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , statin withdrawal increases the risk of thrombotic vascular events , causes impairment of endothelium - dependent relaxation and facilitates experimental seizures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , evidence for statin withdrawal - induced detrimental effects to the brain parenchyma is still lacking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study adult male Wistar rats were treated with atorvastatin for seven days ( 10mg / kg / day ) and neurochemical assays were performed in the cerebral cortex 30min ( atorvastatin treatment ) or 24h ( atorvastatin withdrawal ) after the last atorvastatin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that atorvastatin withdrawal decreased levels of nitric oxide and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity , whereas increased NADPH oxidase activity and immunoreactivity for the protein nitration marker 3 - nitrotyrosine in the cerebral cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "3 - nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalase , glutathione - S - transferase and xanthine oxidase activities were not altered by atorvastatin treatment or withdrawal , as well as protein carbonyl and 4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal immunoreactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "xanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation of mitochondrial SOD followed by analysis of 3 - nitrotyrosine revealed increased levels of nitrated mitochondrial SOD , suggesting the mechanism underlying the atorvastatin withdrawal - induced decrease in enzyme activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , our results indicate the atorvastatin withdrawal elicits oxidative / nitrosative damage in the rat cerebral cortex , and that changes in NADPH oxidase activity and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activities may underlie such harmful effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 155]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical therapy of coronary artery disease after percutaneous intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention aims at preventing first , coronary disease progression and its clinical manifestations , and finally , the two main complications of coronary stenting , stent thrombosis and restenosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of in - stent restenosis is restricted to local drug delivery in the form of drug eluting stents ( DES ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second generation DES have improved their efficacy and safety profile by innovations in drug coating , the polymer drug - delivery system and stent design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mainstay of stent thrombosis prevention remains dual anti - platelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and a platelet ADP - receptor blocker , traditionally clopidogrel .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylsalicylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 106]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new drugs , prasugrel and ticagrelor , provide faster , greater , and more consistent platelet inhibition than clopidogrel , and have been shown to be more efficacious in preventing ischemic events after PCI in acute coronary syndrome patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "prasugrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "ticagrelor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxysterol - binding proteins : Functions in cell regulation beyond lipid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxysterol - binding ( OSBP ) - related proteins ( ORPs ) constitute a family of sterol and phosphoinositide binding / transfer proteins in eukaryotes from yeast to man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While their functions have mainly been addressed in cellular lipid metabolism or sterol transport , increasing evidence points to more versatile regulatory roles in a spectrum of cellular regimes .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact ORPs do not appear to be robust controllers of lipid homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several ORPs localize at membrane contacts sites ( MCS ) , where endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is apposed with other organelle limiting membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparently , ORPs have the capacity to control the formation of MCS or activity of enzymatic machineries at these sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereby , ORPs most likely affect organelle membrane lipid compositions , with impacts on signaling and vesicle transport , but also cellular lipid metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , an increasing number of protein interaction partners of ORPs have been identified , connecting these proteins with various aspects of cell regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small molecular anti - proliferative compounds , ORPphilins , were recently found to target two members of the ORP family , OSBP and ORP4 , revealing an essential function of ORPs in cancer cell proliferation and survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further functions assigned for ORPs include regulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) activity ( OSBP ) , control of ER - late endosome MCS and late endosome motility ( ORP1L ) , regulation of beta 1 - integrin activity ( ORP3 ) , modulation of hepatocyte insulin signaling and macrophage migration ( ORP8 ) , as well as post - Golgi vesicle transport , phosphatidylinositol - 4 - phosphate and target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and nitrogen sensing ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae Osh4p ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol - 4 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [372, 408]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [423, 432]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [457, 465]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These and other recent observations shed light on the ORPs as integrators of lipid signals with an unforeseen variety of vital cellular processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin against phorbol ester - induced cyclooxygenase - 2 expression in macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydroartemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "phorbol ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dihydroartemisinin ( DHA ) , a semi - synthetic derivative of artemisinin isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L . , has recently been shown to possess antitumor activity in various cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dihydroartemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "artemisinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the effect of anti - inflammatory potentials of DHA in murine macrophage RAW 264 . 7 cells has not been studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the effect of COX - 2 and molecular mechanisms by DHA in PMA stimulated RAW 264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHA dose - dependently decreased PMA - induced COX - 2 expression and PGE2 production , as well as COX - 2 promoter - driven luciferase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , DHA decreased luciferase activity of COX - 2 regulation - related transcription factors including NF - kappa B , AP - 1 , C / EBP and CREB .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHA also remarkably reduced PMA - induced p65 , C / EBP beta , c - jun and CREB nuclear translocation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DHA evidently inhibited PMA - induced phosphorylation of AKT and the MAP Kinases , such as ERK , JNK and p38 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our data indicated that DHA effectively attenuates COX - 2 production via down - regulation of AKT and MAPK pathway , revealing partial molecular basis for the anti - inflammatory properties of DHA .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low - dose bisphenol A and estrogen increase ventricular arrhythmias following ischemia - reperfusion in female rat hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is an environmental estrogenic endocrine disruptor that may have adverse health impacts on a range of tissue / systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous studies , we reported that BPA rapidly promoted arrhythmias in female rodent hearts through alteration of myocyte calcium handling .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we investigated the acute effects of BPA on ventricular arrhythmias and infarction following ischemia - reperfusion in rat hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat hearts were subjected to 20min of global ischemia followed by reperfusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In female , but not male hearts , acute exposure to 1nM BPA , either alone or combined with 1nM 17 beta - estradiol ( E2 ) , during reperfusion resulted in a marked increase in the duration of sustained ventricular arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BPA plus E2 increased the duration ventricular fibrillation , and the duration of VF as a fraction of total duration of sustained ventricular arrhythmia .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pro - arrhythmic effects of estrogens were abolished by MPP combined with PHTPP , suggesting the involvements of both ER alpha and ER beta signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "MPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "PHTPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to their pro - arrhythmic effects , BPA and E2 reduced infarction size , agreeing with previously described protective effect of estrogen against cardiac infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , rapid exposure to low dose BPA , particularly when combined with E2 , exacerbates ventricular arrhythmia following IR injury in female rat hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of maternally exposed coloring food additives on receptor expressions related to learning and memory in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to artificial food colors and additives ( AFCAs ) has been implicated in the induction and severity of some childhood behavioral and learning disabilities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - methyl - D - aspartate receptors ( NMDARs ) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nACHRs ) are thought to be effective in the learning and memory - generating process .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of intrauterine exposure to AFCAs on subunit concentrations of NMDARs and nAChRs isoforms in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We administered a mixture of AFCAs ( Eritrosin , Ponceau 4R , Allura Red AC , Sunset Yellow FCF , Tartrazin , Amaranth , Brilliant Blue , Azorubin and Indigotin ) to female rats before and during gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eritrosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Ponceau 4R", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Allura Red AC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Sunset Yellow FCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Tartrazin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Amaranth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "Brilliant Blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Azorubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "Indigotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of NR2A and NR2B subunits and nAChR alpha 7 , alpha 4 beta 2 isoforms in their offspring ' s hippocampi were measured by Western Blotting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expressions of NR2B and nAChR beta 2 were significantly increased ( 17 % and 6 . 70 % , respectively ) , whereas expression of nAChR alpha 4 was significantly decreased ( 5 . 67 % ) in male experimental group compared to the male control group ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the female experimental group , AFCAs caused a 14 % decrease in NR2B expression when compared to the female control group ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that exposure to AFCAs during the fetal period may lead to alterations in expressions of NMDARs and nAChRs in adulthood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alterations were different between male and female genders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metallothionein 1A polymorphisms may influence urine uric acid and N - acetyl - beta - d - glucosaminidase ( NAG ) excretion in chronic lead - exposed workers .", "entity": [{"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead is a renal toxin , and susceptibility to lead varies between individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metallothionein ( MT ) is known for its metal scavenging role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the study was to investigate the association of blood lead levels , urinary uric acid ( UA ) and N - acetyl - beta - d - glucosaminidase ( NAG ) in chronic occupational lead - exposed workers , and to study whether the association was influenced by MT1A gene polymorphisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this cross - sectional study , 412 lead - exposed workers participated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their annual health examination data and renal function markers were collected after the Institutional Review Broad of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital approved the study and consent letters were obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the blood samples , DNA was extracted and used for real - time PCR typing of 2 MT1A single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) : rs11640851 and rs8052394 on exons 2 and 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Descriptive analysis , one - way ANOVA , and multiple linear regressions were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant inverted relationship of creatinine - adjusted urine UA concentrations and the time - weighted index of cumulative blood lead levels ( TWICL ) that may be significantly influenced by the AC genotypes of rs11640851 in exon 2 and rs8052394 in exon 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After controlling for potential confounding factors , the creatinine - adjusted urine NAG concentrations were shown to be influenced by the GG genotype of rs8052394 in exon 3 , and were weakly increased with TWICL .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we concluded that the variations of MT1A SNPs may influence urine UA and NAG excretion in chronic lead - exposed workers , and urine creatinine - adjusted urine UA as a biomarker of lead toxicity should be considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced Acute Recovery from Alcohol Impairment in Adults with ADHD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Prior research has found that adults with attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) show increased sensitivity to the impairing effects of alcohol ( Weafer et al . , Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 17 : 113 - 121 , 2009 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these studies have focused exclusively on the ascending limb of the blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) curve , and it is unclear whether these adults continue to show increased sensitivity during the later phase of the dose as BAC is declining .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study tested the hypothesis that those with ADHD would display increased response to alcohol during the ascending limb of the BAC curve and less recovery from the impairing effects during the descending limb .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Adult social drinkers with ADHD and control adults completed measures of motor coordination , reaction time ( RT ) , and subjective intoxication twice following 0 . 64 g / kg alcohol and placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measures were administered during the ascending limb of the BAC curve and again during the descending limb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : During the ascending limb , alcohol reduced motor coordination , slowed RT , and increased self - reports of subjective intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those with ADHD displayed greater impairment of motor coordination compared with controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the descending limb , controls reported diminished subjective intoxication and showed recovery from the impairing effects of alcohol on both their motor coordination and their RT .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those with ADHD showed reduced subjective intoxication and faster RT during this time , but they did not recover motor control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The protracted time course of motor impairment in adults with ADHD despite reductions in subjective intoxication may contribute to poor decision making and diminished behavioral control in this group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on mu - opioid receptor function , interacting proteins and morphine - induced place preference .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Both the acute and chronic consumption of ethanol have been reported to modify several molecular events in the central nervous system , and the endogenous mu - opioid receptor system is involved in the reinforcing / rewarding effects of ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study was designed to clarify the effects of chronic ethanol treatment on cellular processes involving mu - opioid receptor and the development of morphine - induced rewarding effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Male C57BL / 6J mice were continuously treated with a liquid diet containing 3 . 0 w / v ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The direct involvement of mu - opioid receptor functions in the activation of G - proteins and changes in protein levels in the lower midbrain of mice after chronic treatment with ethanol were investigated by a [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding assay and Western blotting , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "[ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rewarding effects of morphine ( 5 mg / kg ) under treatment with ethanol were measured by the conditioned place preference paradigm .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The function of mu - opioid receptor was increased by treatment with ethanol in the lower midbrain using [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "[ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the GRK2 protein level was significantly increased by treatment with ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic treatment with ethanol enhanced the rewarding effects of morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , this enhancement of the rewarding effects of morphine by ethanol treatment was significantly inhibited by the GRK2 inhibitor beta - adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The present study demonstrated that chronic treatment with ethanol enhanced the rewarding effects of morphine by up - regulating functional changes in mu - opioid receptor , mediated by GRK2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 10 promoter variants predict HPV - positive tumors and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 10 ( IL - 10 ) plays an important role in a host ' s defense against human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IL - 10 promoter variants may affect its expression level or functional efficiency and , subsequently , susceptibility to and survival of HPV16 - associated squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx ( SCCOP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined tumor HPV16 DNA and genotyped three IL - 10 promoter polymorphisms in 309 incident patients with SCCOP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the patients with corresponding common homozygous genotypes , patients carrying variant genotypes of IL - 10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 were ~ 2 . 5 times more likely to have HPV16 ( + ) tumors among patients with SCCOP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among HPV16 ( + ) patients with SCCOP only , compared to those with the corresponding variant genotypes , the patients with IL - 10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 CC genotypes had significantly better survival and ~ 70 - 80 % reduced risk of death / recurrence after multivariable adjustment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , functional relevance of these variants was characterized to explore the genotype - phenotype correlation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that IL - 10 genetic variants may be associated with tumor HPV16 ( + ) SCCOP and predict survival of HPV16 ( + ) patients with SCCOP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larger studies are needed to validate our findings . - Jin , L . , Sturgis , E .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M . , Cao , X . , Song , X . , Salahuddin , T . , Wei , Q . , Li , G .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of Ketoconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of the 11 beta - Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor ABT - 384 and Its Two Active Metabolites in Healthy Volunteers : Population Analysis of Data from a Drug - Drug Interaction Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "11 beta - Hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 78]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABT - 384 [ 1 - piperazineacetamide , N - [ 5 - ( aminocarbonyl ) tricyclo [ 3 . 3 . 1 . 13 , 7 ] dec - 2 - yl ] - alpha , alpha - dimethyl - 4 - [ 5 - ( trifluoromethyl ) - 2 - pyridinyl ] - , stereoisomer ] is a potent and selective inhibitor of 11 beta - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( HSD - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "1 - piperazineacetamide , N - [ 5 - ( aminocarbonyl ) tricyclo [ 3 . 3 . 1 . 13 , 7 ] dec - 2 - yl ] - alpha , alpha - dimethyl - 4 - [ 5 - ( trifluoromethyl ) - 2 - pyridinyl ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 189]}, {"entity": "11 beta - hydroxysteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABT - 384 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in humans at doses up to 100 mg daily , and to fully inhibit both peripheral and brain HSD - 1 at a dose of 2 mg daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ABT - 384 and its two active metabolites , A - 1331480 and A - 847082 , was investigated in healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "A - 1331480", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "A - 847082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When 10 mg of ABT - 384 was coadministered with ketoconazole , ABT - 384 exposures increased 18 - fold for area under the plasma concentration - time curve from time 0 to infinity and 3 . 5 - fold for Cmax .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that ABT - 384 is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After ketoconazole coadministration , exposures of A - 1331480 and A - 847082 were also greatly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "A - 1331480", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "A - 847082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A population pharmacokinetic model was constructed for ABT - 384 and its metabolites using NonMEM .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A two - compartment model with three transit absorption compartments best described ABT - 384 data .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model predicted a 69 . 3 % decrease in ABT - 384 clearance and 91 . 1 % increase in the volume of distribution of ABT - 384 in the presence of ketoconazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - 1331480 was shown to be formation rate - limited and A - 847082 was elimination rate - limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - 1331480", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "A - 847082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both metabolites were characterized by a one - compartment model with first - order rate constants of formation and elimination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall the model adequately captured the concentration - time profiles of ABT - 384 , A - 1331480 , and A - 847082 in both ABT - 384 - alone and ketoconazole - coadministration conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "A - 1331480", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "A - 847082", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although ABT - 384 exposures were greatly increased in the presence of ketoconazole , coadministration of ABT - 384 with ketoconazole or other strong / moderate CYP3A inhibitors is not expected to contribute to any major clinical safety issues considering the favorable safety profile of ABT - 384 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "ABT - 384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical investigation of CHCl ( 3 ) : MeOH ( 1 : 1 ) extract from the rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpenoids ( 5 and 6 ) , along with six known compounds ( 1 - 4 , 7 , and 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHCl ( 3 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "MeOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of two new compounds were established using IR , MS , 1D , and 2D NMR techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , all the isolates were tested for their cytotoxicities against the A549 ( lung cancer ) , DU - 145 ( prostate cancer ) , MCF - 7 ( breast cancer ) , and SK - N - SH ( neuroblastoma ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient Receptor Potential ( TRP ) Cation Channels in Diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient Receptor Potential ( TRP ) proteins constitute a family of cation channels with very diverse permeation and gating properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likewise they have a very diverse role in mammalian physiology ranging from sensory nerve endings , the cardiac muscle to immune cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing evidence has implicated TRP channels in the pathology of diabetes , both on the level of insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells and in secondary conditions such as diabetic neuropathy , nephropathy and vasculopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we summarize these recent findings , which all together indicate that TRP channels are interesting drug targets for the treatment of patients suffering from diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symmetrical Windowing for Quantum States in Quasi - Classical Trajectory Simulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A microscopically reversible approach toward computing reaction probabilities via classical trajectory simulation has been developed that bins trajectories symmetrically on the basis of their initial and final classical actions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The symmetrical quasi - classical ( SQC ) approach involves defining a classical action window function centered at integer quantum values of the action , choosing a width parameter that is less than unit quantum width , and applying the window function to both initial reactant and final product vibrational states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculations were performed using flat histogram windows and Gaussian windows over a range of width parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of the Wigner distribution function was also investigated as a possible choice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was demonstrated for collinear H + H2 reactive scattering on the BKMP2 potential energy surface that reaction probabilities computed via the SQC methodology using a Gaussian window function of 1 / 2 unit width produces good agreement with quantum mechanical results over the 0 . 4 - 0 . 6 eV energy range relevant to the ground vibrational state to the ground vibrational state reactive transition .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 35]}, {"entity": "H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding of Diverse Environmental Chemicals with Human Cytochromes P450 2A13 , 2A6 , and 1B1 and Enzyme Inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 68 chemicals including derivatives of naphthalene , phenanthrene , fluoranthene , pyrene , biphenyl , and flavone were examined for their abilities to interact with human P450s 2A13 and 2A6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "phenanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "fluoranthene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "biphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifty - one of these 68 chemicals induced stronger Type I binding spectra ( iron low - to high - spin state shift ) with P450 2A13 than those seen with P450 2A6 , i . e . , the spectral binding intensities ( Delta Amax / Ks ratio ) determined with these chemicals were always higher for P450 2A13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , benzo [ c ] phenanthrene , fluoranthene , 2 , 3 - dihydroxy - 2 , 3 - dihydrofluoranthene , pyrene , 1 - hydroxypyrene , 1 - nitropyrene , 1 - acetylpyrene , 2 - acetylpyrene , 2 , 5 , 2 ' , 5 ' - tetrachlorobiphenyl , 7 - hydroxyflavone , chrysin , and galangin were found to induce a Type I spectral change only with P450 2A13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzo [ c ] phenanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 38]}, {"entity": "fluoranthene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 - dihydroxy - 2 , 3 - dihydrofluoranthene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 103]}, {"entity": "pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "1 - hydroxypyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "1 - nitropyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 150]}, {"entity": "1 - acetylpyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "2 - acetylpyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 188]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 , 2 ' , 5 ' - tetrachlorobiphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 230]}, {"entity": "7 - hydroxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 251]}, {"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 261]}, {"entity": "galangin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coumarin 7 - hydroxylation , catalyzed by P450 2A13 , was strongly inhibited by 2 ' - methoxy - 5 , 7 - dihydroxyflavone , 2 - ethynylnaphthalene , 2 ' - methoxyflavone , 2 - naphththalene propargyl ether , acenaphthene , acenaphthylene , naphthalene , 1 - acetylpyrene , flavanone , chrysin , 3 - ethynylphenanthrene , flavone , and 7 - hydroxyflavone ; these chemicals induced Type I spectral changes with low Ks values .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "2 ' - methoxy - 5 , 7 - dihydroxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 120]}, {"entity": "2 - ethynylnaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 145]}, {"entity": "2 ' - methoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 168]}, {"entity": "2 - naphththalene propargyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 204]}, {"entity": "acenaphthene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 219]}, {"entity": "acenaphthylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 236]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 250]}, {"entity": "1 - acetylpyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 269]}, {"entity": "flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 281]}, {"entity": "chrysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 291]}, {"entity": "3 - ethynylphenanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 317]}, {"entity": "flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 327]}, {"entity": "7 - hydroxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [334, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the intensities of the spectral changes and inhibition of P450 2A13 , we classified the 68 chemicals into eight groups based on the order of affinities for these chemicals and inhibition of P450 2A13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolism of chemicals by P450 2A13 during the assays explained why some of the chemicals that bound well were poor inhibitors of P450 2A13 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we compared the 68 chemicals for their abilities to induce Type I spectral changes of P450 2A13 with the Reverse Type I binding spectra observed with P450 1B1 : 45 chemicals interacted with both P450s 2A13 and 1B1 , indicating that the two enzymes have some similarty of structural features regarding these chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular docking analyses suggest similarities at the active sites of these P450 enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that P450 2A13 , as well as Family 1 P450 enzymes , is able to catalyze many detoxication and activation reactions with chemicals of environmental interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP synthase : a molecular therapeutic drug target for antimicrobial and antitumor peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we discuss the role of ATP synthase as a molecular drug target for natural and synthetic antimicrobial / antitumor peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We start with an introduction of the universal nature of the ATP synthase enzyme and its role as a biological nanomotor .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant structural features required for catalytic activity and motor functions of ATP synthase are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant details regarding the presence of ATP synthase on the surface of several animal cell types , where it is associated with multiple cellular processes making it a potential drug target with respect to antimicrobial peptides and other inhibitors such as dietary polyphenols , is also reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP synthase is known to have about twelve discrete inhibitor binding sites including peptides and other inhibitors located at the interface of alpha / beta subunits on the F1 sector of the enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interaction of peptides at the beta DEELSEED site on ATP synthase is discussed with specific examples .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An inhibitory effect of other natural / synthetic inhibitors on ATP is highlighted to explore the therapeutic roles played by peptides and other inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , the effect of peptides on the inhibition of the Escherichia coli model system through their action on ATP synthase is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interlayer breathing and shear modes in few - trilayer MoS2 and WSe2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "WSe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional ( 2D ) layered transition metal dichalcogenides ( TMDs ) have recently attracted tremendous interest as potential valleytronic and nanoelectronic materials , in addition to being well - known as excellent lubricants in the bulk .", "entity": [{"entity": "transition metal dichalcogenides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 65]}, {"entity": "TMDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interlayer van der Waals ( vdW ) coupling and low - frequency phonon modes and how they evolve with the number of layers are important for both the mechanical and the electrical properties of 2D TMDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we uncover the ultralow frequency interlayer breathing and shear modes in few - layer MoS2 and WSe2 , prototypical layered TMDs , using both Raman spectroscopy and first principles calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "WSe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "TMDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , the frequencies of these modes can be perfectly described using a simple linear chain model with only nearest - neighbor interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the derived in - plane ( shear ) and out - of - plane ( breathing ) force constants from experiment remain the same from two - layer 2D crystals to the bulk materials , suggesting that the nanoscale interlayer frictional characteristics of these excellent lubricants should be independent of the number of layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Checkpoint protein Rad9 plays an important role in nucleotide excision repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rad9 , an evolutionarily conserved checkpoint gene with multiple functions for preserving genomic integrity , has been shown to play important roles in homologous recombination repair , base excision repair and mismatch repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether Rad9 has an impact on nucleotide excision repair remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrated that Rad9 was involved in nucleotide excision repair and loss of Rad9 led to defective removal of the UV - derived photoproduct 6 - 4PP ( 6 , 4 pyrimidine - pyrimidone ) and the BPDE ( anti - benzo ( a ) pyrene - trans - 7 , 8 - dihydrodiol - 9 , 10 - epoxide ) - DNA adducts in mammalian cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "6 - 4PP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "6 , 4 pyrimidine - pyrimidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 188]}, {"entity": "BPDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "benzo ( a ) pyrene - trans - 7 , 8 - dihydrodiol - 9 , 10 - epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrated that Rad9 could co - localize with XPC in response to local UV irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , our data showed that Rad9 was not required for the photoproducts recognition step of nucleotide excision repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further investigation revealed that reduction of Rad9 reduced the UV - induced transcription of the genes of the nucleotide excision repair factors DDB2 , XPC , DDB1 and XPB and DDB2 protein levels in human cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , knockdown of one subunit of DNA damage recognition complex , hHR23B impaired Rad9 - loading onto UV - damaged chromatin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these results , we suggest that Rad9 plays an important role in nucleotide excision repair through mechanisms including maintaining DDB2 protein level in human cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LOX - 1 is a novel marker for peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum soluble lectin - like oxidized low - density lipoprotein receptor - 1 ( sLOX - 1 ) , which mediates initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in endothelial cells , could be a novel marker for peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We evaluated relationships of serum sLOX - 1 to ankle - brachial index ( ABI ) and examined the association of serum sLOX - 1 with PAD in 410 patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Serum sLOX - 1 was inversely correlated with ABI ( r = - 0 . 197 , P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that serum sLOX - 1 ( beta = - 0 . 168 , F = 5 . 571 , P < 0 . 05 ) was independently associated with ABI , and multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum sLOX - 1 ( 16 . 254 ( 1 . 237 - 213 . 651 ) , P = 0 . 0339 ) was independently associated with PAD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Serum sLOX - 1 is associated with ABI and it could be a novel marker for PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of biological evaluation of pyrazole / imidazole amides as mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole / imidazole amides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of SAR in a 5 - aryl - 3 - acylpyridinyl - pyrazoles and 1 - aryl - 4 - acylpyridinyl imidazoles series of mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulators ( mGluR5 NAMs ) using a functional cell - based assay is described in this Letter .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - aryl - 3 - acylpyridinyl - pyrazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 64]}, {"entity": "1 - aryl - 4 - acylpyridinyl imidazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the Ligand - lipophilic efficiency ( LipE ) of compounds provided new insight for the design of potent mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators with anti - depressant activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microwave assisted nano ( ZnO - TiO2 ) catalyzed synthesis of some new 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 - tetrahydro - 6 - ( ( 5 - substituted - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl ) methyl ) thieno [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyridine as antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "4 , 5 , 6 , 7 - tetrahydro - 6 - ( ( 5 - substituted - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl ) methyl ) thieno [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined nano zinc oxide and titanium dioxide [ nano ( ZnO - TiO ( 2 ) ) ] has been reported first time for the synthesis of novel series of 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 - tetrahydro - 6 - ( ( 5 - substituted - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl ) methyl ) thieno [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyridine .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "titanium dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "TiO ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "4 , 5 , 6 , 7 - tetrahydro - 6 - ( ( 5 - substituted - 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl ) methyl ) thieno [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the synthesized compounds ( 7a - 7m ) are novel and were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four different strains like Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and antifungal activity was determined against two strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAR for the newly synthesised derivatives has been developed by comparing their MIC values with ampicillin , ciprofloxacin and miconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activities , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ampicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "miconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the synthesized compounds , 2 , 6 dichlorophenyl analogue ( 7f ) , 4 fluorophenyl analogue ( 7k ) and 2 , 6 dichlorophenyl analogue ( 7l ) shows promising antibacterial as well as antifungal activity whereas thiophene substituted compound ( 7j ) shows promising antibacterial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 6 dichlorophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "4 fluorophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "2 , 6 dichlorophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved guanide compounds which bind the CXCR4 co - receptor and inhibit HIV - 1 infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G - protein coupled receptor CXCR4 is a co - receptor for HIV - 1 infection and is involved in signaling cell migration and proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous study of non - peptide , guanide - based CXCR4 - binding compounds , spermine and spermidine phenylguanides inhibited HIV - 1 entry at low micromolar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "spermine and spermidine phenylguanides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , crystal structures of CXCR4 were used to dock a series of naphthylguanide derivatives of the polyamines spermidine and spermine .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthylguanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "polyamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "spermidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "spermine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and evaluation of the naphthylguanide compounds identified our best compound , spermine tris - 1 - naphthylguanide , which bound CXCR4 with an IC ( 50 ) of 40 nM and inhibited the infection of TZM - bl cells with X4 , but not R5 , strains of HIV - 1 with an IC ( 50 ) of 50 - 100 nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthylguanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "spermine tris - 1 - naphthylguanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in the discovery of kinesin spindle protein ( Eg5 ) inhibitors as antitumor agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer is considered as one of the most serious health problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the presence of many effective chemotherapeutic agents , their severe side effects together with the appearance of mutant tumors limit the use of these drugs and increase the need for new anticancer agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eg5 represents an attractive target for medicinal chemists since Eg5 is overexpressed in many proliferative tissues while almost no Eg5 is detected in nonproliferative tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many Eg5 inhibitors displayed potent anticancer activity against some of the mutant tumors with limited side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review provides an overview about the progress in the discovery of Eg5 inhibitors especially from 2009 to 2012 as well as the clinical trials conducted on some of these inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , biological evaluation of new oxazolidino - sulfonamides as potential antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxazolidino - sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of linezolid - like oxazolidino - sulfonamides ( 7a - y and 8a - b ) were designed and synthesized with a view to develop antimicrobial agents with improved properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "oxazolidino - sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the synthesized compounds showed good to moderate activity against a panel of standard Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria and fungal strains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds 7i and 7v exhibited significant activity , with a MIC value of 2 . 0 - 6 . 0 mu g / mL against a panel of Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds also showed activity against Candida albicans , with a MIC value of 4 . 0 mu g / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A correlation of the antimicrobial activity with calculated lipophilicity values ( C log P ) is also presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 3 - aryl acrylic amide derivatives of the simplified saframycin - ecteinascidin skeleton prepared from l - dopa .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - aryl acrylic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 52]}, {"entity": "saframycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "ecteinascidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "l - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty four compounds with diversified 3 - aryl acrylic amide side chains of the simplified saframycin - ecteinascidin pentacyclic skeleton were synthesized via a 14 - step stereospecific route starting from l - dopa .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - aryl acrylic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "saframycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "ecteinascidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "l - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested against eight human tumor cell lines including HCT - 8 , BEL - 7402 , BGC - 803 , A549 , A2780 , MCF - 7 , MX - 1 , and MDA - MB - 231 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these compounds exhibited potent antitumor activity , and a preliminary structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) was discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 28 with 3 - thiophenyl acrylic amide side chain exhibited selective cytotoxicity against MDA - MB - 231 cell line with the IC50 value of 50 nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - thiophenyl acrylic amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Interaction of Adrenomedullin and Macrophages Induces Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration via Activation of RhoA Signaling Pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor - associated macrophages ( TAMs ) are correlated with poor prognosis in many human cancers ; however , the mechanism by which TAMs facilitate ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was aimed to examine the function of adrenomedullin ( ADM ) in macrophage polarization and their further effects on the migration of ovarian cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous ADM antagonist and small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) specific for ADM expression were treated to macrophages and EOC cell line HO8910 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then macrophages were cocultured with HO8910 cells without direct contact .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry , Western blot and real - time PCR were used to detect macrophage phenotype and cytokine production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The migration ability and cytoskeleton rearrangement of ovarian cancer cells were determined by Transwell migration assay and phalloidin staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "phalloidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot was performed to evaluate the activity status of signaling molecules in the process of ovarian cancer cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that ADM induced macrophage phenotype and cytokine production similar to TAMs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macrophages polarized by ADM promoted the migration and cytoskeleton rearrangement of HO8910 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of RhoA and its downstream effector , cofilin , were upregulated in macrophage - induced migration of HO8910 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ADM could polarize macrophages similar to TAMs , and then polarized macrophages promote the migration of ovarian cancer cells via activation of RhoA signaling pathway in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of three genes encoding for the late acyltransferases of lipid A in Cronobacter sakazakii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipid A , the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide , is an essential component in the outer membrane of most Gram - negative bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food - borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii synthesizes two lipid A species , differing by the length of the secondary acyl chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we identified three genes ESA02293 , ESA02951 and ESA01386 encoding for the late acyltransferases of lipid A biosynthesis pathway in C . sakazakii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the sequence alignment , proteins YP _ 001438378 . 1 encoded by ESA02293 , YP _ 001439016 . 1 encoded by ESA02951 , and YP _ 001437482 . 1 encoded by ESA01386 are homologous to E . coli LpxL , LpxP and LpxM , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functions of the three acyltransferases were confirmed by overexpressing the genes in E . coli , isolating lipid As and analyzing their structures using an ESI / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . sakazakii LpxL and LpxM transfer a C14 : 0 secondary acyl chain to the 2 ' - and 3 ' - position of lipid A , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C . sakazakii LpxP can transfer either a C16 : 1 or a C14 : 0 secondary acyl chains to the 2 ' - position of lipid A .", "entity": [{"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 35kD Phyllanthus niruri protein modulates iron mediated oxidative impairment to hepatocytes via the inhibition of ERKs , p38 MAPKs and activation of PI3k / Akt pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been reported that the herb , Phyllanthus niruri , possess antioxidant , anti - infection , anti - asthmatic , anti - diuretic , anti - soresis and many more beneficial activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of our present study was to evaluate the protective role of a 35kD protein ( PNP ) isolated from this herb against iron - induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of hepatocytes to iron ( FeSO4 ) caused elevation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production , enhanced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation , depleted glutathione levels , decreased the antioxidant power ( FRAP ) of the cells and reduced cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "FeSO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iron mediated cytotoxicity disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential ( Delta psi m ) and thereby caused apoptosis mainly by the intrinsic pathway via the down - regulation of I kappa B alpha with a concomitant up - regulation of NF - kB as well as the phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 MAP kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , iron - induced cytotoxicity disrupted the normal balance of Bcl - 2 family proteins in hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation of hepatocytes with PNP , however , protected the cells from apoptosis by stabilizing the mitochondria and arresting the release of cytochrome c .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also suppressed caspase activation and cleavage of PARP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , this protein has strong free radical scavenging activity and thereby scavenged ROS extensively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining all , results suggest that simultaneous treatment with PNP might suppress the iron - induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic and renal Bcrp transporter expression in mice treated with perfluorooctanoic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "perfluorooctanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The breast cancer resistance protein ( Bcrp ) is an efflux transporter that participates in the biliary and renal excretion of drugs and environmental chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha ( PPAR alpha ) can up - regulate the hepatic expression of Bcrp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study investigated the regulation of hepatic and renal Bcrp mRNA and protein in mice treated with the PPAR alpha agonist perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA ) and the ability of PFOA to alter human BCRP function in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "perfluorooctanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 155]}, {"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bcrp mRNA and protein expression were quantified in the livers and kidneys of male C57BL / 6 mice treated with vehicle or PFOA ( 1 or 3mg / kg / day oral gavage ) for 7 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PFOA treatment increased liver weights as well as the hepatic mRNA and protein expression of the PPAR alpha target gene , cytochrome P450 4a14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to vehicle - treated control mice , PFOA increased hepatic Bcrp mRNA and protein between 1 . 5 - and 3 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescent staining confirmed enhanced canalicular Bcrp staining in liver sections from PFOA - treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kidney expression of cytochrome P450 4a14 mRNA , but not Bcrp , was increased in mice treated with PFOA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Micromolar concentrations of PFOA decreased human BCRP ATPase activity and inhibited BCRP - mediated transport in inverted membrane vesicles .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these studies demonstrate that PFOA induces hepatic Bcrp expression in mice and may inhibit human BCRP transporter function at concentrations that exceed levels observed in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "PFOA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluctuating charge - density waves in a cuprate superconductor .", "entity": [{"entity": "cuprate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuprate materials hosting high - temperature superconductivity ( HTS ) also exhibit various forms of charge and spin ordering whose significance is not fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cuprate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So far , static charge - density waves ( CDWs ) have been detected by diffraction probes only at particular doping levels or in an applied external field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , dynamic CDWs may also be present more broadly and their detection , characterization and relationship with HTS remain open problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we present a method based on ultrafast spectroscopy to detect the presence and measure the lifetimes of CDW fluctuations in cuprates .", "entity": [{"entity": "cuprates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an underdoped La1 . 9Sr0 . 1CuO4 film ( Tc = 26 K ) , we observe collective excitations of CDW that persist up to 100 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "La1 . 9Sr0 . 1CuO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dynamic CDW fluctuates with a characteristic lifetime of 2 ps at T = 5 K that decreases to 0 . 5 ps at T = 100 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , in an optimally doped La1 . 84Sr0 . 16CuO4 film ( Tc = 38 . 5 K ) , we detect no signatures of fluctuating CDWs at any temperature , favouring the competition scenario .", "entity": [{"entity": "La1 . 84Sr0 . 16CuO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work forges a path for studying fluctuating order parameters in various superconductors and other materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of A - type K ( + ) channels by the short - chain cobrotoxin through the protein kinase C - delta isoform decreases membrane excitability in dorsal root ganglion neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - type K ( + ) channels are crucial in controlling neuronal excitability , and their regulation in sensory neurons may alter pain sensation .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we identified the functional role of cobrotoxin , the short - chain alpha - neurotoxin isolated from Naja atra venom , which acts in the regulation of the transient A - type K ( + ) currents ( IA ) and membrane excitability in dorsal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons via the activation of the muscarinic M3 receptor ( M3R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that cobrotoxin increased IA in a concentration - dependent manner , whereas the sustained delayed rectifier K ( + ) currents ( IDR ) were not affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobrotoxin did not affect the activation of IA markedly , however , it shifted the inactivation curve significantly in the depolarizing direction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cobrotoxin - induced IA response was blocked by the M3R - selective antagonists DAU - 5884 and 4 - DAMP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DAU - 5884", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "4 - DAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An siRNA targeting the M3R in small DRG neurons abolished the cobrotoxin - induced IA increase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , dialysis of the cells with the novel protein kinase C - delta isoform ( PKC - delta ) inhibitor delta v1 - 1 or an siRNA targeting PKC - delta abolished the cobrotoxin - induced IA response , whereas inhibition of PKA or classic PKC activity elicited no such effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we observed a significant decrease in the firing rate of the neuronal action potential induced by M3R activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of the cells with 4 - aminopyridine , a selective blocker of IA , abolished this effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results suggest that the short - chain cobrotoxin selectively enhances IA via a novel PKC - delta - dependent pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect occurred via the activation of M3R and might contribute to its neuronal hypoexcitability in small DRG neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular aspects of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is still a heavy burden that impairs treatment of cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both intrinsic and acquired resistance results from the numerous genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the hallmarks of cancer cells provide general mechanisms to sustain stresses such as the ones induced by chemotherapeutic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , specific changes in the target bring resistance to specific drugs like modification in nucleotide synthesis enzymes upon anti - metabolite exposure , in microtubule composition upon spindle poison treatment , in topoisomerase activity upon topoisomerase inhibitor incubation or in intracellular signaling pathways when targeting tyrosine kinase receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the stemness properties of a few cancer cells as well as components of the tumor stroma , like fibroblasts and tumor - associated macrophages but also hypoxia , also help tumor to resist to anticancer agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These processes provide an additional level of complexity to the understanding of the tumor resistance phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review aims to describe the different general mechanisms as well as some examples of specific on target modifications inducing cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy at the molecular level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perspectives to develop more efficient treatment , using genomic signature or more specific biomarkers to characterize putative resistance mechanisms in patients before choosing the more appropriate treatment , will also be discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATM kinase activity modulates ITCH E3 - ubiquitin ligase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated ( ATM ) kinase , a central regulator of the DNA damage response , regulates the activity of several E3 - ubiquitin ligases , and the ubiquitination - proteasome system is a consistent target of ATM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ITCH is an E3 - ubiquitin ligase that modulates the ubiquitination of several targets , therefore participating to the regulation of several cellular responses , such as the DNA damage response , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , Notch and Hedgehog signaling , and the differentiation of ' naive ' lymphocytes into T helper type 2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we uncover ATM as a novel positive modulator of ITCH E3 - ubiquitin ligase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single residue on ITCH protein , S161 , which is part of an ATM SQ consensus motif , is required for ATM - dependent activation of ITCH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATM activity enhances ITCH enzymatic activity , which in turn drives the ubiquitination and degradation of c - FLIP - L and c - Jun , previously identified as ITCH substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , ATM - deficient mice show resistance to hepatocyte cell death , similarly to Itch - deficient animals , providing in vivo genetic evidence for this circuit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data identify ITCH as a novel component of the ATM - dependent signaling pathway and suggest that the impairment of the correct functionality of ITCH caused by Atm deficiency may contribute to the complex clinical features linked to Ataxia Telangiectasia . Oncogene advance online publication , 25 February 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2013 . 52 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allelic imbalance in sporadic parathyroid carcinoma and evidence for its de novo origins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parathyroid cancer is a rare , clinically aggressive cause of primary hyperparathyroidism , and whether these malignancies generally evolve from pre - existing benign adenomas or arise de novo is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , while inactivation of the CDC73 ( HRPT2 ) tumor suppressor gene , encoding parafibromin , is a major contributor , other genes essential to parathyroid carcinogenesis remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to identify genomic regions potentially harboring such oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes , and to gain insight into the origins and molecular relationship of malignant versus benign parathyroid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed genome - wide copy - number and loss of heterozygosity analysis using Affymetrix 50K SNP mapping arrays and / or comparative genomic hybridization on 16 primary parathyroid carcinomas , local recurrences or distant metastases , and matched normal controls , from 10 individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent regions of allelic loss were observed on chromosomes 1p , 3 , and 13q suggesting that key parathyroid tumor suppressor genes are located in these chromosomal locations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent allelic gains were seen on chromosomes 1q and 16 , suggesting the presence of parathyroid oncogenes on these chromosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the most common alteration in benign parathyroid adenomas , loss of 11q , was not found as a recurrent change in the malignant parathyroid tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular allelotyping using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers provided further confirmation that the prevalence of 11q loss is markedly and significantly lower in carcinomas as compared with adenomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our observations provide molecular support for the concept that sporadic parathyroid cancer usually arises de novo , rather than evolving from a pre - existing typical benign adenoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , these results help direct future investigation to ultimately determine which of the candidate genes in these chromosomal locations make significant contributions to the molecular pathogenesis of parathyroid cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence spectroscopy of PTCDA molecules on the KCl ( 100 ) surface in the limit of low coverages : site selection and diffusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed fluorescence ( FL ) and fluorescence excitation ( FLE ) spectroscopy on the model molecule perylene - 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 - tetracarboxyl acid dianhydride ( PTCDA ) for very low coverages ( below 1 % of a monolayer ) on thin ( 100 ) oriented KCl films .", "entity": [{"entity": "perylene - 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 - tetracarboxyl acid dianhydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 162]}, {"entity": "PTCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different states of PTCDA molecules can be distinguished in the spectra : an initial state , which is observed directly after deposition of the molecules onto the cold sample at 20 K , and a final state , which is found after intensive optical excitation or thermal annealing of the sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectrum of the final state is blue - shifted with respect to that of the initial state by 130 +/- 15 cm ( - 1 ) and exhibits lines with significantly reduced widths .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be explained by diffusion of molecules from initially populated terrace sites to energetically favoured step edge sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polarization dependent spectroscopy reveals the same azimuthal orientation of the molecules on both adsorption sites and leads to a model of the adsorption geometry of PTCDA at the KCl step sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experiment demonstrates how optical spectroscopy can be used to investigate kinetic processes of fluorescent molecules on surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Avoidance behaviour response and esterase inhibition in the earthworm , Lumbricus terrestris , after exposure to chlorpyrifos .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The avoidance response of earthworms to polluted soils has been standardised using a simple and low - cost test , which facilitates soil toxicity screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the avoidance response of Lumbricus terrestris was quantified in chlorpyrifos - spiked soils , depending on the pesticide concentration and exposure duration .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) and carboxylesterase ( CbE ) activities was also determined as indirect measures of pesticide bioavailability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of different chlorpyrifos concentrations were examined in a standardised test ( two - chamber system ) with 0 . 6 , 3 and 15 mg / kg chlorpyrifos .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A modification of the test involved a pre - exposure step ( 24 , 48 or 72 h ) in soils spiked with 15 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both protocols , earthworms were unable to avoid the contaminated soils .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the esterase activities showed that all earthworms were exposed to chlorpyrifos .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase activity did not change in earthworms in the standardised behavioural test ( 0 . 58 +/- 0 . 20 U / mg protein , mean +/- SD ; n = 72 ) , whereas the CbE activity was significantly inhibited ( 62 - 87 % inhibition ) in earthworms exposed to 3 and 15 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the modified test , earthworms had greatly inhibited AChE activity ( 0 . 088 +/- 0 . 034 U / mg protein , n = 72 ) , which was supported by reactivation of the inhibited enzyme activity in the presence of pralidoxime ( 2 - PAM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pralidoxime", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "2 - PAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the CbE activity was significantly inhibited in earthworms with all treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that the avoidance behaviour test for organophosphorus - contaminated soils could be supported by specific biomarkers to facilitate a better understanding of pesticide exposure and toxicity during this test .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of childhood - onset type 1 diabetes on schooling : a population - based register study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS / HYPOTHESIS : We investigated the impact of type 1 diabetes on educational achievements in compulsory and upper secondary school , as well as potential long - lasting effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Altogether 2 , 485 individuals with type 1 diabetes , diagnosed at the age of < 15 years and born in 1972 - 1978 , were selected from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register , which was linked to national population registers including the Swedish Education Register .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For each individual , four controls from the general population , matched for year of birth and residence at the time of diagnosis , were selected by Statistics Sweden ( n = 9 , 940 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analysed the impact of diabetes on final school grades at 16 years ( compulsory school ) and 19 years ( upper secondary school ) and on participation in the labour market at 29 years using linear , logistic , ordered logistic and quantile regression analyses , controlling for demographics and socioeconomic background .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Diabetes had a negative effect on mean final grades ( scale of 1 - 5 ) in compulsory school ( - 0 . 07 , p < 0 . 001 ) and theoretical programmes in upper secondary school ( - 0 . 07 , p = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with early - onset diabetes ( 0 - 4 years ) suffered a greater disadvantage as a result of the disease ( - 0 . 15 , p = 0 . 001 in compulsory school ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strongest effect was seen in the lowest deciles of the conditional distribution on mean final grades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At age 29 , individuals with diabetes were less likely to be gainfully employed ( OR 0 . 82 , 95 % CI 0 . 73 , 0 . 91 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS / INTERPRETATION : The small but significant negative effect of type 1 diabetes on schooling could affect opportunities for further education and career development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attention must be paid in school to the special needs of children with diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple biological properties of macelignan and its pharmacological implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "macelignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macelignan found in the nutmeg mace of Myristica fragrans obtains increasing attention as a new avenue in treating various diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macelignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macelignan has been shown to possess a spectrum of pharmacological activities , including anti - bacterial , anti - inflammatory , anti - cancer , anti - diabetes , and hepatoprotective activities ; recently , it has also been shown to have neuroprotective activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macelignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the current research on the biological effects of macelignan derived from M . fragrans , with emphasis on the importance in understanding and treating complex diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "macelignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of heme oxygenase - 1 protects mouse liver from apoptotic ischemia / reperfusion injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ischemia / reperfusion ( I / R ) injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction of liver allografts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobalt - protoporphyrin ( CoPP ) - dependent induction of heme oxygenase ( HO ) - 1 has been shown to protect the liver from I / R injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobalt - protoporphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "CoPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study analyzes the apoptotic mechanisms of HO - 1 - mediated cytoprotection in mouse liver exposed to I / R injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HO - 1 induction was achieved by the administration of CoPP ( 1 . 5 mg / kg body weight i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were studied in in vivo model of hepatic segmental ( 70 % ) ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were randomly allocated to four main experimental groups ( n = 10 each ) : ( 1 ) A control group undergoing sham operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 2 ) Similar to group 1 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before the operation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 3 ) Mice undergoing in vivo hepatic I / R .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 4 ) Similar to group 3 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before ischemia induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When compared with the I / R mice group , in the I / R + CoPP mice group , the increased hepatic expression of HO - 1 was associated with a significant reduction in liver enzyme levels , fewer apoptotic hepatocytes cells were identified by morphological criteria and by immunohistochemistry for caspase - 3 , there was a decreased mean number of proliferating cells ( positively stained for Ki67 ) , and a reduced hepatic expression of : C / EBP homologous protein ( an index of endoplasmic reticulum stress ) , the NF - kappa B ' s regulated genes ( CIAP2 , MCP - 1 and IL - 6 ) , and increased hepatic expression of I kappa Ba ( the inhibitory protein of NF - kappa B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HO - 1 over - expression plays a pivotal role in reducing the hepatic apoptotic IR injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HO - 1 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I / R injury during liver transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myeloperoxidase Activity and Its Corresponding mRNA Expression as well as Gene Polymorphism in the Population Living in the Coal - Burning Endemic Fluorosis Area in Guizhou of China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity and its corresponding mRNA expression as well as gene polymorphism were investigated in the population who live in the endemic fluorosis area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the study , 150 people were selected from the coal - burning endemic fluorosis area and 150 normal persons from the non - fluorosis area in Guizhou province of China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The blood samples were collected from these people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of MPO in the plasma was determined by spectrophotometer ; the expression of MPO mRNA was measured by employing real - time polymerase chain reaction ; DNAs were extracted from the leucocytes in blood and five SNP genotypes of MPO promoter gene detected by a multiplex genotyping method , adapter - ligation - mediated allele - specific amplification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the MPO activity and its corresponding mRNA in blood were significantly increased in the population living in the area of fluorosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The different genotype frequencies of MPO , including - 1228G / A , - 585T / C , - 463G / A , and - 163C / T , and the three haplotypes with higher frequencies , including - 163C - 463G - 585T - 1228G - 1276T , - 163C - 463G - 585T - 1228G - 1276C , and - 163C - 463G - 585T - 1228A - 1276T , were significantly associated with fluorosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that the elevated activity of MPO induced by endemic fluorosis may be connected in mechanism to the stimulated expression of MPO mRNA and the changed gene polymorphism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microporous carbon nanoplates from regenerated silk proteins for supercapacitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel carbon - based microporous nanoplates containing numerous heteroatoms ( H - CMNs ) are fabricated from regenerated silk fibroin by the carbonization and activation of KOH .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "KOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The H - CMNs exhibit superior electrochemical performance , displaying a specific capacitance of 264 F / g in aqueous electrolytes , a specific energy of 133 Wh / kg , a specific power of 217 kW / kg , and a stable cycle life over 10000 cycles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic properties of anti - influenza neuraminidase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuraminidase inhibitors are the mainstay of anti - influenza treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oseltamivir is the most widely used drug but is currently available only as an oral formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oseltamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistance spreads rapidly in seasonal H1N1 influenza A viruses , which were universally resistant in 2008 , because of the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase ( NA ) gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oseltamivir is a prodrug for the active carboxylate metabolite .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oseltamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ex vivo conversion in blood samples may have confounded early pharmacokinetic studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oseltamivir shows dose linear kinetics , and oseltamivir carboxylate has an elimination half - life ( t ( 1 / 2 ) beta ) after oral administration in healthy individuals of approximately 7 . 7 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oseltamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "oseltamivir carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oseltamivir carboxylate is eliminated primarily by tubular secretion , and both clearance and tissue distribution are reduced by probenecid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oseltamivir carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "probenecid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The H275Y mutation in NA confers high - level oseltamivir resistance and intermediate peramivir resistance but does not alter zanamivir susceptibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "oseltamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "peramivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "zanamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zanamivir is available as a powder for inhalation , and a parenteral form is under development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zanamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zanamivir distributes in an apparent volume of distribution approximating that of extracellular water and is rapidly eliminated ( t ( 1 / 2 ) beta of approximately 3 . 0 hours ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zanamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peramivir is slowly eliminated ( t ( 1 / 2 ) beta of 7 . 7 - 20 . 8 hours ) and is prescribed as either a once - daily injection or as a single infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peramivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laninamivir is a recently developed slowly eliminated compound for administration by inhalation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Laninamivir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of trastuzumab : a phase I / Ib trial in healthy male volunteers and patients with HER2 - positive breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trastuzumab is a key component of treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) - positive breast cancer in both the early and metastatic settings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is administered intravenously , with between 17 and 52 infusions in standard regimens over 1 year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous administration of trastuzumab requires substantial time commitments for patients and health care professionals and can result in patient discomfort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A subcutaneous formulation of trastuzumab , containing recombinant human hyaluronidase to overcome subcutaneous absorption barriers , would reduce the administration duration and remove the need to establish intravenous access , thus improving the overall convenience of trastuzumab administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This open - label , 2 - part , phase I / Ib study ( NCT00800436 ) was undertaken in healthy male volunteers and female patients with HER2 - positive early breast cancer to identify the dose of subcutaneous trastuzumab that resulted in exposure comparable with the approved intravenous trastuzumab dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A subcutaneous trastuzumab dose of 8 mg / kg was found to result in exposure comparable with the intravenous trastuzumab dose of 6 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subcutaneous formulation was well tolerated , with a trend toward fewer adverse events versus intravenous administration ; most adverse events were mild in intensity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support an ongoing phase III efficacy and safety study comparing a fixed subcutaneous trastuzumab dose with intravenous trastuzumab administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS - 690514 in healthy participants : assessing the mechanism of the interaction with physiologically - based pharmacokinetic simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BMS - 690514 , a selective inhibitor of the ErbB and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors , has shown antitumor activity in early clinical development .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound is metabolized by multiple enzymes , with CYP3A4 responsible for the largest fraction ( 34 % ) of metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also a substrate of P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the effect of ketoconazole on BMS - 690514 pharmacokinetics , 17 healthy volunteers received 200 mg BMS - 690514 alone followed by 100 mg BMS - 690514 with ketoconazole ( 400 mg once daily for 4 days ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AUC ( infinity ) of 100 mg BMS - 690514 concomitantly administered with ketoconazole was similar to that of 200 mg BMS - 690514 alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 88]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose - normalized C ( max ) and AUC ( infinity ) of BMS - 690514 from the 100 - mg BMS - 690514 / 400 - mg ketoconazole treatment increased by 55 % and 127 % , respectively , relative to those from 200 mg BMS - 690514 alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 123]}, {"entity": "BMS - 690514", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prediction of the drug - drug interaction ( DDI ) using a population - based simulator ( Simcyp ) indicated that , in addition to CYP3A4 inhibition , the inhibition of P - gp by ketoconazole in the intestine , liver , and kidneys must be invoked to fully account for the DDI observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding suggests that the inhibition of P - gp by ketoconazole , along with its effect on CYP3A4 , needs to be considered when designing a DDI study of ketoconazole with a victim drug that is a dual substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Construction of robust enzyme nanocapsules for effective organophosphate decontamination , detoxification , and protection .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocapsules of organophosphorous hydrolase with enhanced enzyme activity and stability are prepared via in situ polymerization , providing a novel class of nanoparticles for the decontamination and detoxification of organophosphates such as chemical warfare agents and pesticides .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorous", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "organophosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the nanocapsules as building blocks , bioactive nanocomposites are also fabricated , enabling their use for organophosphate protection .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive formulations with sugar - derived surfactants : a new approach for photoprotection and controlled release of promethazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "promethazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin deep : A bioactive formulation for dermal delivery of antihistamines is obtained by using the original properties of catanionic associations towards self - assembly in water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug , which participates in its own transport , is preserved from photodegradation when solubilised in the bioactive formulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug release through the skin is also delayed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple method for fabricating patterned curvilinear microstructures in poly ( dimethylsiloxane ) by selective wetting .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( dimethylsiloxane )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fabrication of patterned microstructures in poly ( dimethylsiloxane ) ( PDMS ) is a prerequisite for soft lithography .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( dimethylsiloxane )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , curvilinear surface relief microstructures in PDMS are fabricated through a simple three - stage approach combining microcontact printing ( mu CP ) , selective surface wetting / dewetting and replica molding ( REM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , using an original PDMS stamp ( first - generation stamp ) with linear relief features , a chemical pattern on gold substrate is generated by mu CP using hexadecanethiol ( HDT ) as an ink .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "hexadecanethiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 176]}, {"entity": "HDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , by a dip - coating process , an ordered polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) polymer - dot array forms on the HDT - patterned gold substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "HDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , based on a REM process , the PEG - dot array on gold substrate is used to fabricate a second - generation PDMS stamp with microcavity array , and the second - generation PDMS stamp is used to generate third - generation PDMS stamp with microbump array .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 184]}, {"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fabricated new - generation stamps are utilized in mu CP and in micromolding in capillaries ( MIMIC ) , allowing the generation of surface micropatterns which cannot be obtained using the original PDMS stamp .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method will be useful in producing new - generation PDMS stamps , especially for those who want to use soft lithography in their studies but have no access to the microfabrication facilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of novel human androgen receptor antagonist chemotypes using a combined pharmacophore screening procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unraveling the mechanisms involved in castration - and therapy - resistant prostate cancer has led to a renewed interest in androgen receptor ( AR ) - targeted therapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - androgens that block the activity of the AR therefore remain a valid therapeutic option .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they must be more effective than , or display a distinct mechanism of action or binding mode from those of bicalutamide and hydroxyflutamide , which are currently in clinical use .", "entity": [{"entity": "bicalutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "hydroxyflutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For that reason , the second - generation anti - androgen MDV3100 was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "MDV3100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDV3100 , however , shares its 4 - cyano - 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl group with bicalutamide and hydroxyflutamide required for binding to the AR .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDV3100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "4 - cyano - 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 73]}, {"entity": "bicalutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "hydroxyflutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we used a combined strategy to find new antagonist structures distinct from the 4 - cyano - 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl group to avoid cross - resistance for these compounds and to find structures without agonist activity on mutant ARs ( AR W741C and AR T877A ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - cyano - 3 - ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found two novel chemotypes with AR - antagonistic activity ( IC ( 50 ) : 3 - 6 mu M ) by virtual screening and confirmed their biological activity in an androgen - responsive reporter assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The design of our computational approach was validated by the observation of strongly decreased or absence of agonistic activity on the two mutant ARs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further structural derivatization to optimize the potency of these compounds can render these chemotypes into very promising , alternative AR antagonists for prostate cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Overexpression of Hypomethylated miR - 663 Induces Chemotherapy Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting Heparin Sulfate Proteoglycan 2 ( HSPG2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs are involved in regulating the biology of cancer cells , but their involvement in chemoresistance is not fully understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that miR - 663 was up - regulated in our induced multidrug - resistant MDA - MB - 231 / ADM cell line and that this up - regulation was closely related to chemosensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we aimed to clarify the role of miR - 663 in regulating the chemoresistance of breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNA microarray and quantitative RT - PCR assays were used to identify differentially expressed microRNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V / propidium iodide staining , TUNEL , and reactive oxygen species generation analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "propidium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of miR - 663 and HSPG2 in breast cancer tissues was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential targets of miR - 663 were defined by a luciferase reporter assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to analyze the methylation status .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisulfite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that miR - 663 was significantly elevated in MDA - MB - 231 / ADM cells , and the down - regulation of miR - 663 sensitized MDA - MB - 231 / ADM cells to both cyclophosphamide and docetaxel .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 184]}, {"entity": "docetaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overexpression of miR - 663 in breast tumor tissues was associated with chemoresistance ; in MDA - MB - 231 cells , this chemoresistance was accompanied by the down - regulation of HSPG2 , which was identified as a target of miR - 663 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDA - MB - 231 / ADM contained fewer methylated CpG sites than its parental cell line , and miR - 663 expression in MDA - MB - 231 cells was reactivated by 5 - aza - 29 - deoxycytidine treatment , indicating that DNA methylation may play a functional role in the expression of miR - 663 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "5 - aza - 29 - deoxycytidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that the overexpression of hypomethylated miR - 663 induced chemoresistance in breast cancer cells by down - regulating HSPG2 , thus providing a potential target for the development of an microRNA - based approach for breast cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A concise synthesis of pyrazole analogues of combretastatin A1 as potent anti - tubulin agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "combretastatin A1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combretastatin A1 ( CA1 ) binds to the beta - subunit at the colchicine binding site of tubulin and inhibits polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Combretastatin A1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "CA1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , it is both an antitumor agent and a vascular disrupting agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown to be at least tenfold more potent than combretastatin A4 ( CA4 ) in terms of vascular shutdown , which correlates with its metabolism to reactive ortho - quinone species that are assumed to be directly cytotoxic in tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "combretastatin A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 75]}, {"entity": "CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "ortho - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of 3 , 4 - diarylpyrazoles were concisely synthesized , one of which , 3 - methoxy - 6 - [ 4 - ( 3 , 4 , 5 - trimethoxyphenyl ) - 1H - pyrazol - 3 - yl ] benzene - 1 , 2 - diol ( 27 ) , proved to be a cytotoxic anti - tubulin agent with low nanomolar potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - diarylpyrazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 35]}, {"entity": "3 - methoxy - 6 - [ 4 - ( 3 , 4 , 5 - trimethoxyphenyl ) - 1H - pyrazol - 3 - yl ] benzene - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also report that combretastatins , including CA1 , CA4 , and 27 , are effective against mesothelioma cell lines and therefore have significant clinical promise .", "entity": [{"entity": "combretastatins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "CA1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism experiments demonstrate that 27 retains the ability to form ortho - quinone species , while the pyrazole ring shows high metabolic stability , suggesting that this compound might result in better pharmacokinetic profiles than CA1 , with similar pharmacodynamic properties and clinical potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "ortho - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "CA1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding quantitative structure - property relationships uncertainty in environmental fate modeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cases in which experimental data on chemical - specific input parameters are lacking , chemical regulations allow the use of alternatives to testing , such as in silico predictions based on quantitative structure - property relationships ( QSPRs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such predictions are often given as point estimates ; however , little is known about the extent to which uncertainties associated with QSPR predictions contribute to uncertainty in fate assessments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , QSPR - induced uncertainty in overall persistence ( POV ) and long - range transport potential ( LRTP ) was studied by integrating QSPRs into probabilistic assessments of five polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs ) , using the multimedia fate model Simplebox .", "entity": [{"entity": "polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 229]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uncertainty analysis considered QSPR predictions of the fate input parameters ' melting point , water solubility , vapor pressure , organic carbon - water partition coefficient , hydroxyl radical degradation , biodegradation , and photolytic degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uncertainty in POV and LRTP was dominated by the uncertainty in direct photolysis and the biodegradation half - life in water .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the QSPRs developed specifically for PBDEs had a relatively low contribution to uncertainty .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the reliability of the ranking of PBDEs on the basis of POV and LRTP can be substantially improved by developing better QSPRs to estimate degradation properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study demonstrates the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in nontesting strategies and highlights the need for guidance when compounds fall outside the applicability domain of a QSPR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2013 ; 32 : 1069 - 1076 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Balance of coordination and hydrophobic interaction in the formation of bilayers in metal - coordinated surfactant mixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metal - ligand coordination and hydrophobic interaction are two significant driving forces in the aggregation of mixtures of M ( n + ) surfactants and alkyldimethylamine oxide ( CnDMAO ) in aqueous solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyldimethylamine oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 175]}, {"entity": "CnDMAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coordinated systems exhibit rich aggregation behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the effect of M ( n + ) ions ( Zn ( 2 + ) , Ca ( 2 + ) , Ba ( 2 + ) , Al ( 3 + ) , Fe ( 3 + ) , La ( 3 + ) , Eu ( 3 + ) , and Tb ( 3 + ) ) and hydrophobic chains ( hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon ) on the formation of metal - coordinated bilayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "Ba ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Al ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "La ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "Eu ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 143]}, {"entity": "Tb ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "fluorocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that fluorocarbon chains and branched hydrocarbon chains are preferable to the corresponding linear hydrocarbon chains for the formation of an L alpha phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , L alpha phases formed by fluorocarbon chains exhibited higher viscoelasticity than ones formed by the hydrocarbons , and the bilayers formed by branched chains were rather flexible , revealing obvious undulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The construction of bilayers was also strongly affected by metal ions due to their variable coordination ability with CnDMAO .", "entity": [{"entity": "CnDMAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results contribute to the understanding of the formation of metal - coordinated bilayers , which is driven by the interplay of noncovalent forces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A natural topological insulator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The earth ' s crust and outer space are rich sources of technologically relevant materials which have found application in a wide range of fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Well - established examples are diamond , one of the hardest known materials , or graphite as a suitable precursor of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamond", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ongoing drive to discover novel materials useful for ( opto ) electronic applications has recently drawn strong attention to topological insulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that Kawazulite , a mineral with the approximate composition Bi2 ( Te , Se ) 2 ( Se , S ) , represents a naturally occurring topological insulator whose electronic properties compete well with those of its synthetic counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kawazulite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "Bi2 ( Te , Se ) 2 ( Se , S )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kawazulite flakes with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers were prepared by mechanical exfoliation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They exhibit a low intrinsic bulk doping level and correspondingly a sizable mobility of surface state carriers of more than 1000 cm ( 2 ) / ( V s ) at low temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on these findings , further minerals which due to their minimized defect densities display even better electronic characteristics may be identified in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robust ordered cubic mesostructured polymer / silica composite films grown at the air / water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymer / silica composite films , stable to calcination , were produced using catanionic surfactant mixtures ( hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS ) ) and polymers ( polyethylenimine ( PEI ) or polyacrylamide ( PAAm ) ) at the air / water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 146]}, {"entity": "CTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 182]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 188]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 224]}, {"entity": "PEI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}, {"entity": "polyacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 250]}, {"entity": "PAAm", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Film formation processes were probed by time - resolved neutron reflectivity measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grazing incidence X - ray diffraction ( GID ) measurements indicate that the mesophase geometry of the interfacial films could be controlled to give lamellar , 2D hexagonal , and several cubic phases ( Pn3 m , Fm3 m , and Im3 m ) by varying the polyelectrolyte molecular weight , polyelectrolyte chemical nature , or the cationic : anionic surfactant molar ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of GID results , a phase diagram for the catanionic surfactant / polyelectrolyte / TMOS film system was drawn .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These films can be easily removed from the interface and mesoporous silica films which retain the film geometry can be obtained after calcination ; moreover , this film preparation method provides a simple way to impart polymer functionality into the mesostructured silica wall , which means these films have potential applications in a variety of fields such as catalysis , molecular separation , and drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The circadian clock circuitry and the AHR signaling pathway in physiology and pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Life forms populating the Earth must face environmental challenges to assure individual and species survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strategies predisposed to maintain organismal homeostasis and grant selective advantage rely on anticipatory phenomena facing periodic modifications , and compensatory phenomena facing unpredictable changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological processes bringing about these responses are respectively driven by the circadian timing system , a complex of biological oscillators entrained to the environmental light / dark cycle , and by regulatory and metabolic networks that precisely direct the body ' s adjustments to variations of external conditions and internal milieu .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A critical role in organismal homeostatic functions is played by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) complex , which senses environmental and endogenous compounds , influences metabolic responses controlling phase I / II gene expression , and modulates vital phenomena such as development , inflammation and adaptive immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A physiological cross - talk between circadian and AHR signaling pathways has been evidenced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alteration of AHR signaling pathway deriving from genetic damage with polymorphisms or mutations , or produced by exogenous or endogenous AHR activation , and chronodisruption caused by mismatch between the body ' s internal clock and geophysical time / social schedules , are capable of triggering pathological mechanisms involved in metabolic , immune - related and neoplastic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the molecular components of the circadian clock circuitry and AHR signaling pathway may represent useful tools for preventive interventions and valuable targets of therapeutic approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deficient fear recognition in regular cocaine users is not attributable to elevated impulsivity or conduct disorder prior to cocaine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported that regular recreational intranasal cocaine users exhibit impaired recognition of facial expressions of fear compared to occasional cocaine users and cocaine - na i ve controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to re - investigate this phenomenon after controlling for impulsivity , conduct disorder ( CD ) and anti - social personality disorder ( ASPD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We employed a cross - sectional design to compare 31 cocaine - na i ve participants , 35 occasional cocaine users and 20 regular recreational cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An emotional facial expression ( EFE ) task which comprised a male and a female face expressing six basic emotions morphed to differing degrees of emotional intensity was administered together with questionnaires to assess : CD , ASPD and impulsiveness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ASPD was not a significant covariate for EFE performance but impulsiveness and CD were significant covariates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After treating impulsiveness and CD as covariates we again observed a group difference in fear recognition ability attributable to the particularly impaired performance of regular cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that , although elevated impulsiveness and CD before the age of 15 years , may predispose a relative inability to recognize facial expressions of fear in adulthood , subsequent regular recreational use of cocaine represents an additional factor that is specifically associated with a selective deficit in fear recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Painting by numbers : increasing the parts list for chromatin domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this issue of Molecular Cell , van Bemmel and colleagues ( 2013 ) report the genome - wide mapping of 42 novel chromatin factors , systematically identifying new components of the various chromatin domains present in fly cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation , identification and antimicrobial activity of propolis - associated fungi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propolis is a natural product widely known for its medicinal properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , fungi present on propolis samples were isolated , identified and tested for the production of antimicrobial metabolites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - two fungal isolates were obtained , some of which were identified as Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus flavus , Bipolaris hawaiiensis , Fusarium merismoides , Lasiodiplodia theobromae , Penicillium citrinum , Penicillium crustosum , Penicillium janthinellum , Penicillium purpurogenum , Pestalotiopsis palustris , Tetracoccosporium paxianum and Trichoderma koningii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These fungi were grown in liquid media to obtain crude extracts that were evaluated for their antibiotic activity against pathogenic bacteria , yeast and Cladosporium cladosporioides and A . flavus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active extract was obtained from L . theobromae ( minimum inhibitory concentration = 64 mu g / mL against Listeria monocitogenes ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some extracts showed to be more active than the positive control in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and L . monocitogenes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , propolis is a promising source of fungi , which produces active agents against relevant food poisoning bacteria and crop - associated fungi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term potentiation : Peeling the onion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the discovery of long - term potentiation ( LTP ) , thousands of papers have been published on this phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this massive amount of information , it is often difficult , especially for someone not directly involved in the field , not to be overwhelmed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this review is to peel away as many layers as possible , and probe the core properties of LTP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We would argue that the many dozens of proteins that have been implicated in the phenomenon are not essential , but rather modulate , often in indirect ways , the threshold and / or magnitude of LTP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What is required is NMDA receptor activation followed by CaMKII activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consequence of CaMKII activation is the rapid recruitment of AMPA receptors to the synapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This recruitment is independent of AMPA receptor subunit type , but absolutely requires an adequate pool of surface receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An important unresolved issue is how exactly CaMKII activation leads to modifications in the PSD to allow rapid enrichment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disposition and Metabolism of GSK2251052 in Humans : A Novel Boron - Containing Antibiotic .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSK2251052", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( S ) - 3 - ( Aminomethyl ) - 7 - ( 3 - hydroxypropoxy ) - 1 - hydroxy - 1 , 3 - dihydro - 2 , 1 - benzoxaborole ( GSK2251052 ) is a novel boron - containing antibiotic that inhibits bacterial leucyl tRNA synthetase , and that has been in development for the treatment of serious Gram - negative infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - 3 - ( Aminomethyl ) - 7 - ( 3 - hydroxypropoxy ) - 1 - hydroxy - 1 , 3 - dihydro - 2 , 1 - benzoxaborole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 112]}, {"entity": "GSK2251052", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "leucyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , six healthy adult male subjects received a single i . v . dose of [ ( 14 ) C ] GSK2251052 , 1500 mg infused over 1 hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] GSK2251052", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood , urine , and feces were collected over an extended period of 14 days , and accelerator mass spectrometry was used to quantify low levels of radioactivity in plasma at later time points to supplement the less - sensitive liquid scintillation counting technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An excellent mass balance recovery was achieved representing a mean total of 98 . 2 % of the dose , including 90 . 5 % recovered in the urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that radioactivity was moderately associated with the blood cellular components , and together with GSK2251052 , both were highly distributed into tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSK2251052", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The parent compound had a much shorter half - life than total radioactivity in plasma , approximately 11 . 6 hours compared with 96 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GSK2251052 and its major metabolite M3 , which resulted from oxidation of the propanol side chain to the corresponding carboxylic acid , comprised the majority of the plasma radioactivity , 37 and 53 % of the area under the plasma versus time concentration curve from time zero to infinity , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSK2251052", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "propanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , M3 was eliminated renally , and was demonstrated to be responsible for the long plasma radioactivity elimination half - life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of in vitro metabolism experiments and a pharmacokinetic study in monkeys with the inhibitor 4 - methylpyrazole provided strong evidence that alcohol dehydrogenase , potentially in association with aldehyde dehydrogenase , is the primary enzyme involved in the formation of the M3 metabolite .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - methylpyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strain - dependent dysregulation of one - carbon metabolism in male mice is associated with choline - and folate - deficient diet - induced liver injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysregulation of one - carbon metabolism - related metabolic processes is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is well established that genetic and gender - specific variations in one - carbon metabolism contribute to the vulnerability to NAFLD in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the role of one - carbon metabolism dysregulation in the pathogenesis and individual susceptibility to NAFLD , we used a \" population - based \" mouse model where male mice from 7 inbred were fed a choline - and folate - deficient ( CFD ) diet for 12 wk .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 215]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strain - dependent down - regulation of several key one - carbon metabolism genes , including methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha ( Mat1a ) , cystathionine - beta - synthase ( Cbs ) , methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( Mthfr ) , adenosyl - homocysteinase ( Ahcy ) , and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 ( Mthfd1 ) , was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "cystathionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "methylenetetrahydrofolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 212]}, {"entity": "adenosyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 243]}, {"entity": "methylenetetrahydrofolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes were strongly associated with interstrain variability in liver injury ( steatosis , necrosis , inflammation , and activation of fibrogenesis ) and hyperhomocysteinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistically , the decreased expression of Mat1a , Ahcy , and Mthfd1 was linked to a reduced level and promoter binding of transcription factor CCAAT / enhancer binding protein beta ( CEBP beta ) , which directly regulates their transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strain specificity of diet - induced dysregulation of one - carbon metabolism suggests that interstrain variation in the regulation of one - carbon metabolism may contribute to the differential vulnerability to NFLD and that correcting the imbalance may be considered as preventive and treatment strategies for NAFLD . - Pogribny , I .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P . , Kutanzi , K . , Melnyk , S . , de Conti , A . , Tryndyak , V . , Montgomery , B . , Pogribna , M . , Muskhelishvili , L . , Latendresse , J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "R . , James , S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "J . , Beland , F .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . , Rusyn , I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - synthesis , characterization and catalytic properties of fluorine - planted MWW - type titanosilicate .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "titanosilicate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "F - Ti - MWW was post - synthesized by implanting fluorine species into a Ti - MWW framework through an acid treatment process in the presence of ammonium fluoride .", "entity": [{"entity": "F - Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "ammonium fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of NH4F addition amount , acid treatment temperature and precursor Ti content were investigated on the incorporation of F species , the zeolite structure and the coordination sites of Ti .", "entity": [{"entity": "NH4F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 133]}, {"entity": "zeolite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorine - implanting improved the surface hydrophobicity of the zeolite and altered the electropositivity nearby the tetrahedral Ti sites through forming the SiO3 / 2F and SiO4 / 2F ( - ) units .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "zeolite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "SiO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "2F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 168]}, {"entity": "SiO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "2F ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The negative effect of SiO4 / 2F ( - ) units in F - Ti - MWW was eliminated selectively by convenient anion - exchange with various alkali chlorides .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "2F ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "F - Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "alkali chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "F - Ti - MWW containing the SiO3 / 2F units possessed better catalytic activity and reusability , and a longer catalyst lifetime than conventional Ti - MWW .", "entity": [{"entity": "F - Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "SiO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "2F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanism of morphology transformation during annealing of nanostructured gold films on glass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanostructured , just - percolated gold films were prepared by evaporation on bare glass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annealing of the films at temperatures close to or higher than the softening temperature of the glass substrate induces morphological transformation to discrete Au islands and gradual embedding of the formed islands in the glass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism and kinetics of these processes are studied here using a combination of in situ high - temperature optical spectroscopy ; ex situ characterization of the island shape by high - resolution scanning electron microscopy ( HRSEM ) , atomic force microcopy ( AFM ) and cross - sectional transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) ; and numerical simulations of transmission spectra using the Multiple Multipole Program ( MMP ) approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that the morphological transformation of just - percolated , 10 nm ( nominal thickness ) Au films evaporated on glass and annealed at 600 degrees C , i . e . , in the vicinity of the substrate glass transition temperature ( Tg = 557 degrees C ) , proceeds via three processes exhibiting different time scales : ( i ) fast recrystallization and dewetting , leading to formation of single - crystalline islands ( minutes ) ; the initial spectrum characteristic of a continuous Au film is transformed to that of an island film , displaying a surface plasmon ( SP ) absorption band .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [487, 489]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ii ) Reshaping and faceting of the single - crystalline islands accompanied by formation of circumferential glass rims around them ( first few hours ) ; the overall optical response shows a blue shift of the SP band .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( iii ) Gradual island embedding in the glass substrate ( tens of hours ) , seen as a characteristic red shift of the SP band .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of the annealing atmosphere ( air , vacuum ) on the embedding process is found to be minor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerical modeling of the extinction cross - section corresponding to the morphological transformations during island recrystallization and embedding is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quality assessment and discrimination of the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and Cynanchum wilfordii by HPLC - UV analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cynanchum auriculatum and Cynanchum wilfordii are widely used as folk medicine in Eastern Asia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the indeterminacy in the authentic original plant material has resulted in the same appellative name being given to the two plants , and they are commonly misused .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is necessary to establish an analytical method for discrimination as well as quality control of the two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was to develop HPLC - UV methods for quality assessment of C . auriculatum and C . wilfordii and discrimination between the two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two HPLC methods to analyze eight marker compounds were established and validated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first method analyzed seven marker compounds simultaneously on a reversed - phase column , while the second method analyzed a single marker compound , conduritol F , which exists only in C . wilfordii , on a Si - column .", "entity": [{"entity": "conduritol F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 167]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - nine batches of C . auriculatum and nineteen batches of C . wilfordii that were collected from different geographical regions of South Korea were analyzed by these methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The constructed data matrix was subjected to principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in order to classify the samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The established methods offer a potential strategy for authentication and differentiation of the two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promising new molecular targeted therapies in head and neck cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite advances in multimodality therapies for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ( SCCHN ) , survival rates , functional outcomes and toxicities of therapy remain poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recognition of the prognostic value of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) status , and the advent of biologically targeted therapies with potential for decreased toxicities and increased selectivity , represent significant developments in our understanding of SCCHN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted agents currently approved or under investigation for SCCHN include epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) monoclonal antibodies ( cetuximab , panitumumab , zalutumumab , nimotuzumab ) , EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( gefitinib , erlotinib , lapatinib , afatanib , dacomitinib ) , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ) inhibitors ( bevacizumab , sorafenib , sunitinib , vandetanib ) and various inhibitors of other pathways and targets , including phosphatidylinositol 3 ' kinase ( PI3K ) / AKT / mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) , MET and insulin - like growth factor receptor ( IGF - 1R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 211]}, {"entity": "gefitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 241]}, {"entity": "erlotinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 253]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 265]}, {"entity": "afatanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 276]}, {"entity": "dacomitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 290]}, {"entity": "sorafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 385]}, {"entity": "sunitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 397]}, {"entity": "vandetanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [400, 410]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [478, 498]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [547, 556]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On - going clinical trials are evaluating these emerging agents and their combinations in the treatment of SCCHN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent probes for G - quadruplex structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mounting evidence supports the presence of biologically relevant G - quadruplexes in single - cell organisms , but the existence of endogenous G - quadruplex structures in mammalian cells remains highly controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is due , in part , to the common misconception that DNA and RNA molecules are passive information carriers with relatively little structural or functional complexity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For those working in the field , however , the lack of available tools for characterizing DNA structures in vivo remains a major limitation to addressing fundamental questions about structure - function relationships of nucleic acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we present progress towards the direct detection of G - quadruplex structures by using small molecules and modified oligonucleotides as fluorescent probes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While most development has focused on cell - permeable probes that selectively bind to G - quadruplex structures with high affinity , these same probes can induce G - quadruplex folding , thereby making the native conformation of the DNA or RNA molecule ( i . e . , in the absence of probe ) uncertain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , modified oligonucleotides and fluorescent base analogues that serve as \" internal \" fluorescent probes are presented as an orthogonal means for detecting conformational changes , without necessarily perturbing the equilibria between G - quadruplex , single - stranded , and duplex DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major challenges and motivation for the development of fluorescent probes for G - quadruplex structures are presented , along with a summary of the key photophysical , biophysical , and biological properties of reported examples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - terminal extended serine residue is absolutely required in nosiheptide maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "nosiheptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serine qua non : Substitution of the extended Ser13 in the core peptide of nosiheptide by analogous amino acids prevented enamide dealkylation of the terminal residue for nosiheptide maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ser13", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "nosiheptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "enamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "nosiheptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carnosine inhibits A beta ( 42 ) aggregation by perturbing the H - bond network in and around the central hydrophobic cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggregation of the amyloid - beta peptide ( A beta ) into fibrillar structures is a hallmark of Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , preventing self - assembly of the A beta peptide is an attractive therapeutic strategy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we used experimental techniques and atomistic simulations to investigate the influence of carnosine , a dipeptide naturally occurring in the brain , on A beta aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "dipeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning force microscopy , circular dichroism and thioflavin T fluorescence experiments showed that carnosine does not modify the conformational features of A beta 42 but nonetheless inhibits amyloid growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "thioflavin T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations indicated that carnosine interacts transiently with monomeric A beta 42 by salt bridges with charged side chains , and van der Waals contacts with residues in and around the central hydrophobic cluster ( ( 17 ) LVFFA ( 21 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR experiments on the nonaggregative fragment A beta 12 - 28 did not evidence specific intermolecular interactions between the peptide and carnosine , in agreement with MD simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a close inspection of the spectra revealed that carnosine interferes with the local propensity of the peptide to form backbone hydrogen bonds close to the central hydrophobic cluster ( residues E22 , S26 and N27 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , MD simulations of aggregation - prone A beta heptapeptide segments show that carnosine reduces the propensity to form intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds in the region 18 - 24 .", "entity": [{"entity": "heptapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the experimental and simulation results ( cumulative MD sampling of 0 . 2 ms ) suggest that , despite the inability of carnosine to form stable contacts with A beta , it might block the pathway toward toxic aggregates by perturbing the hydrogen bond network near residues with key roles in fibrillogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carnosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly Ordered Hollow Oxide Nanostructures : The Kirkendall Effect at the Nanoscale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly ordered ultra - long oxide nanotubes are fabricated by a simple two - step strategy involving the growth of copper nanowires on nanopatterned template substrates by magnetron sputtering , followed by thermal annealing in air .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of such tubular nanostructures is explained according to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of this new fabrication route is also extendable to create periodic zero - dimensional hollow nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solvatochromic Effect on the Photoluminescence of MoS2 Monolayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of surrounding solvents on the photoluminescence ( PL ) of MoS2 monolayers on Si / SiO2 substrates is studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A redshift ( up to - 60 meV ) is observed for MoS2 monolayers with nonhalogenated solvent surroundings .", "entity": [{"entity": "MoS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A blueshift ( up to 60 meV ) and intensity increase ( 2 - 50 times ) are observed for monolayers with halogenated solvent surroundings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regio - and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Oligostilbenoids : Theoretical Highlights at the Supramolecular Level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligostilbenoids ( e . g . , ampelopsin F , viniferin , pallidol ) result from homogeneous or heterogeneous coupling of monomeric stilbenoid units , leading to various chemical structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "ampelopsin F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "viniferin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "pallidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "stilbenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oligostilbenoid synthesis is regio - and stereocontrolled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To tackle this regio - and stereocontrol , a supramolecular chemistry approach is required that can be achieved by quantum chemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stability of noncovalent pi - stacks , formed between two stilbenoid units prior to oxidation , is accurately evaluated with density functional theory ( DFT ) including dispersive effects ( within the DFT - D formalism ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These noncovalent arrangements drive the regiocontrol .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rest of the chemical pathway is a succession of dearomatization and rearomatization stages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermodynamics and kinetics of the processes are calculated with classical hybrid functionals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study allows discrimination between the two main possible chemical pathways , namely , radical - neutral and radical - radical reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The former appears more likely , thermodynamics and kinetics being in perfect agreement with the experimental 1 : 2 ratio obtained for ampelopsin F : pallidol analogues , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ampelopsin F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "pallidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interactions between lecithin and bile salts / acids in oils and their effects on reverse micellization .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts / acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been known that the addition of bile salts to lecithin organosols induces the formation of reverse wormlike micelles and that the worms are similar to long polymer chains that entangle each other to form viscoelastic solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we further investigated the effects of different bile salts and bile acids on the growth of lecithin reverse worms in cyclohexane and n - decane .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "cyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "n - decane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilized rheological and small - angle scattering techniques to analyze the properties and structures of the reverse micelles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the bile salts can transform the originally spherical lecithin reverse micelles into wormlike micelles and their rheological behaviors can be described by the single - relaxation - time Maxwell model .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , their efficiencies to induce the worms are different .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , before phase separation , bile acids can induce only short cylindrical micelles that are not long enough to impart viscoelasticity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the interactions between lecithin and bile salts / acids and found that different bile salts / acids employ different functional groups to form hydrogen bonds with lecithin .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts / acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 119]}, {"entity": "bile salts / acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such effects determine the relative positions of the bile salts / acids in the headgroups of lecithin , thus resulting in varying efficiencies to alter the effective critical packing parameter for the formation of wormlike micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salts / acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work highlights the importance of intermolecular interactions in molecular self - assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marine drugs best paper award 2013 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of research , development and production of drugs from the sea , including marine natural product chemistry , that have been published in Marine Drugs , we would like to start an annual \" Best Paper Award \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X - linked ciliopathy gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - linked retinitis pigmentosa ( XLRP ) is the least common genetic type of retinitis pigmentosa ; however , it has extremely devastating consequences to patients ' activities of daily living .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RPGR and RP2 genes expressed in the photoreceptor sensory cilia are predominantly implicated in XLRP ; however , the interpretation of genetic mutations and their correlation with clinical phenotypes remain unknown , and the role of these genes in photoreceptor cilia function is not completely elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we evaluated structural characteristics in five female obligate carriers of XLRP by using state - of - the - art non - invasive imaging methods , including adaptive optics ( AO ) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ( SLO ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all five carriers examined , qualitative and quantitative analyses by AO SLO imaging revealed a mosaic pattern of cone disruption , even in the absence of visual symptoms , normal visual acuity and normal macular thickness , on optical coherence tomography and mildly subnormal full - field cone electroretinographic findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the technique is sensitive to the level of a single cone , the ability to visualize the cone cells in vivo should be especially useful in other retinal diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , further investigation of XLRP carriers may yield insight into how cone structures change over time and ultimately enable understanding of the role of RPGR and RP2 in cone cell survival . European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication , 27 February 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / ejhg . 2013 . 21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of 10 nm scale cylinder orientation in self - organized sugar - based block copolymer thin films .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present paper describes the orientational control of 10 nm scale cylinders in sugar - based block copolymer thin films by simply varying the composition of the annealing co - solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The affinity of the block copolymer to the solvent vapor could be systematically adjusted in this way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiphase chemistry of atmospheric amines .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterogeneous reactions of amines have been recently shown to play an important role in the formation and transformation of atmospheric aerosols .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This perspective summarizes the latest laboratory progress in the multiphase chemistry of amines .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particular emphasis is given to the contributions of amines to new particle formation , growth of submicron particles , and alteration in the physiochemical properties of pre - existing particles , including hygroscopicity , thermostability , density , phase , and optical properties , from exposure to gaseous amines .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The atmospheric implications of the multiphase reactions of amines , including the potential impact on direct and indirect climate forcing of aerosols , and future research directions are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When direct health - care professional communications have an impact on inappropriate and unsafe use of medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serious safety issues relating to drugs are communicated to health - care professionals via Direct Health - Care Professional Communications ( DHPCs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We explored which characteristics determined the impact of DHPCs issued in the Netherlands for ambulatory - care drugs ( 2001 - 2008 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With multiple linear regression , we examined the impact on the relative change in new drug use post - DHPC of the following : time to DHPC , trend in use , degree of innovation , specialist drug , first / repeated DHPC , DHPC template , and type of safety issue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHPCs have less impact on use of specialist drugs than nonspecialist drugs ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DHPCs ' impact increased after availability of a template emphasizing the main problem ( P < 0 . 05 ) , and for safety issues with a risk of death and / or disability ( both P < 0 . 05 ) ( adjusted R (2) = 0 . 392 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk communication can be effective , specifically in case of well - structured information , and very serious safety issues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effectiveness may improve by tailoring DHPCs and adding other communication channels , for example for drugs that are increasingly being used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimation of renal cell carcinoma treatment effects from disease progression modeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To improve future drug development efficiency in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) , a disease - progression model was developed with longitudinal tumor size data from a phase III trial of sorafenib in RCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "sorafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best - fit model was externally evaluated on 145 placebo - treated patients in a phase III trial of pazopanib ; the model incorporated baseline tumor size , a linear disease - progression component , and an exponential drug effect ( DE ) parameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "pazopanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the model - estimated effect of sorafenib on RCC growth , we calculated the power of randomized phase II trials between sorafenib and hypothetical comparators over a range of effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "sorafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "sorafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hypothetical comparator with 80 % greater DE than sorafenib would have 82 % power ( one - sided alpha = 0 . 1 ) with 50 patients per arm .", "entity": [{"entity": "sorafenib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model - based quantitation of treatment effect with computed tomography ( CT ) imaging offers a scaffold on which to develop new , more efficient , phase II trial end points and analytic strategies for RCC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of miR - 21 on Renal Fibrosis by Regulating MMP - 9 and TIMP1 in kk - ay Diabetic Nephropathy Mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs ( miRs ) play important roles in initiation and progression of many pathologic processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the roles of miRs in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was to determine whether miR - 21 was involved in diabetic nephropathy and to explore the relationship between miR - 21 and MMP9 / TIMP1 expression in diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ hybridization studies showed that miR - 21 was primarily localized and distributed in cortical glomerular and renal tubular cells in diabetic kk - ay kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real - time quantitative RT - PCR demonstrated that the expression of miR - 21 was significantly increased in kk - ay mice , compared with control C57BL mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , miR - 21 expression positively correlated with urine albumin creatine ratio ( ACR ) , TIMP1 , collagen IV ( ColIV ) , and fibronectin ( FN ) ; while negatively correlated with creatine clearance ratio ( Ccr ) and MMP - 9 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , antagomir - 21 not only ameliorated Ccr and ACR but also decreased TIMP1 , ColIV , and FN proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data demonstrate that miR - 21 contributes to renal fibrosis by mediating MMP9 / TIMP1 and that inhibition of miR - 21 may be a novel target for diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Probing the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ( mGlu5 ) Positive Allosteric Modulator ( PAM ) Binding Pocket : Discovery of Point Mutations That Engender a \" Molecular Switch \" in PAM Pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 ( mGlu5 ) is a promising novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allosteric binding sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand ( orthosteric ) binding site , allowing for co - occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negative allosteric modulators ( NAMs ) inhibit and positive allosteric modulators ( PAMs ) enhance the affinity and / or efficacy of the orthosteric agonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular determinants that govern mGlu5 modulator affinity versus cooperativity are not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focusing on the modulators based on the acetylene scaffold , we sought to determine the molecular interactions that contribute to PAM versus NAM pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generation of a comparative model of the transmembrane - spanning region of mGlu5 served as a tool to predict and interpret the impact of mutations in this region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of an operational model of allosterism allowed for determination of PAM and NAM affinity estimates at receptor constructs that possessed no detectable radioligand binding as well as delineation of effects on affinity versus cooperativity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel mutations within the transmembrane domain ( TM ) regions were identified that had differential effects on acetylene PAMs versus 2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) - pyridine , a prototypical NAM .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) - pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three conserved amino acids ( Y658 , T780 , and S808 ) and two nonconserved residues ( P654 and A809 ) were identified as key determinants of PAM activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , we identified two point mutations in TMs 6 and 7 that , when mutated , engender a mode switch in the pharmacology of certain PAMs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coactivators enable glucocorticoid receptor recruitment to fine - tune estrogen receptor transcriptional responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear receptors ( NRs ) are central regulators of pathophysiological processes ; however , how their responses intertwine is still not fully understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether and how steroid NRs can influence each other ' s activity under co - agonist treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a unique system consisting of a multicopy integration of an estrogen receptor responsive unit that allows direct visualization and quantification of estrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) DNA binding , co - regulator recruitment and transcriptional readout .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that ER alpha DNA loading is required for other type I nuclear receptors to be co - recruited after dual agonist treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We focused on ER alpha / glucocorticoid receptor interplay and demonstrated that it requires steroid receptor coactivators ( SRC - 2 , SRC - 3 ) and the mediator component MED14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then validated this cooperative interplay on endogenous target genes in breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , this work highlights another layer of mechanistic complexity through which NRs cross - talk with each other on chromatin under multiple hormonal stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variation in prescribing patterns and therapeutic drug monitoring of intravenous busulfan in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Personalizing intravenous ( IV ) busulfan doses in children using therapeutic drug monitoring ( TDM ) is an integral component of hematopoietic cell transplant .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors sought to characterize initial dosing and TDM of IV busulfan , along with factors associated with busulfan clearance , in 729 children who underwent busulfan TDM from December 2005 to December 2008 .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial IV busulfan dose in children weighing <= 12 kg ranged 4 . 8 - fold , with only 19 % prescribed the package insert dose of 1 . 1 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In those children weighing > 12 kg , the initial dose ranged 5 . 4 - fold , and 79 % were prescribed the package insert dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial busulfan dose achieved the target exposure in only 24 . 3 % of children .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide range of busulfan exposures were targeted for children with the same disease ( eg , 39 target busulfan exposures for the 264 children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable heterogeneity exists regarding when TDM is conducted and the number of pharmacokinetic samples obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Busulfan clearance varied by age and dosing frequency but not by underlying disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors - group is currently evaluating how using population pharmacokinetics to optimize initial busulfan dose and TDM ( eg , limited sampling schedule in conjunction with maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation ) may affect clinical outcomes in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the pharmacokinetics of doxylamine / pyridoxine delayed - release combination in nonpregnant women of reproductive age and women in the first trimester of pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "pyridoxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Diclectin ( doxylamine / pyridoxine delayed - released combination ) is widely used in Canada , its pharmacokinetics ( PK ) during pregnancy has never been described .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diclectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "pyridoxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to compare the PK of doxylamine / pyridoxine delayed - released combination in pregnant versus nonpregnant women .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "pyridoxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The apparent clearances ( CL ) of doxylamine and pyridoxal 5 ' - phosphate ( PLP ; the active metabolite of vitamin B ( 6 ) ) during the first - trimester pregnancy in women who participated in a Diclectin randomized trial were compared with those of healthy , adult , nonpregnant women who participated in a voluntary PK trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "pyridoxal 5 ' - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 74]}, {"entity": "PLP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "vitamin B ( 6 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "Diclectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighteen nonpregnant women were compared with 50 pregnant women who were treated with Diclectin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diclectin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in the apparent CL of doxylamine in women in their first trimester of pregnancy when compared with nonpregnant women on day 4 ( median = 196 . 7 vs 249 . 5 mL / h / kg , respectively , P = . 065 ) , day 8 ( median = 248 . 4 vs 249 . 5 mL / h / kg , respectively , P = . 82 ) , and day 15 ( median = 200 . 9 vs 249 . 5 mL / h / kg , respectively , P = . 55 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No difference was found in the apparent CL of PLP on day 15 ( median = 342 . 3 vs 314 . 7 mL / h / kg , respectively , P = . 92 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no pregnancy - induced effect in the apparent CL of either doxylamine or PLP in women during the first trimester of pregnancy despite the existence of morning sickness .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "PLP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Light energy collection in a porphyrin - imide - corrole ensemble .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyrin - imide - corrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assembly consisting of three units , that is , a meso - substituted corrole ( ) , 1 , 8 naphthaleneimide ( ) , and a Zn porphyrin ( ) , has been synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "meso - substituted corrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 78]}, {"entity": "1 , 8 naphthaleneimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 107]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NIE is connected to C3 through a 1 , 3 - phenylene bridge and to the ZnP unit through a direct C <F8FF> C bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - phenylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "ZnP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "C <F8FF> C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The convergent synthetic strategy includes the preparation of a trans - A2 B - corrole possessing the imide unit , followed by Sonogashira coupling with a meso - substituted A3 B - porphyrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - A2 B - corrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 86]}, {"entity": "imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "meso - substituted A3 B - porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photophysical processes in the resulting triad are examined and compared with those of the corresponding dyad and the constituent reference models , , and .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excitation of the NIE unit in leads to a fast energy transfer of 98 % efficiency to C3 with a rate ken = 7 . 5 x 10 ( 10 ) s ( - 1 ) , whereas excitation of the corrole unit leads to a reactivity of the excited state identical to that of the model , with a deactivation rate to the ground state k = 2 . 5 x 10 ( 8 ) s ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "corrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy transfer to C3 and to ZnP moieties follows excitation of NIE in the triad .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rates are ken = 7 . 5 x 10 ( 10 ) s ( - 1 ) and ken = 2 . 5 x 10 ( 10 ) s ( - 1 ) for the sensitization of the C3 and ZnP unit , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The light energy transferred from NIE to Zn porphyrin unit is ultimately funneled to the corrole component , which is the final recipient of the excitation energy absorbed by the different components of the array .", "entity": [{"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "corrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter process occurs with a rate ken = 3 . 4 x 10 ( 9 ) s ( - 1 ) and 89 % efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy transfer processes take place in all cases by a F o rster ( dipole - dipole ) mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theory predicts quite satisfactorily the rate for the ZnP / C3 couple , where components are separated by about 23 A , but results in calculated rates that are one to two orders of magnitude higher for the couples NIE / ZnP ( D / A ) and NIE / C3 , which are separated by distances of about 14 and 10 A , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 221]}, {"entity": "ZnP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "NIE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on ferric nitrilotriacetate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "butylated hydroxytoluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 45]}, {"entity": "ferric nitrilotriacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of butylated hydroxyl toluene ( BHT ) , associated with ferric nitrilotriacetate ( Fe - NTA ) - induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "butylated hydroxyl toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 107]}, {"entity": "BHT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "ferric nitrilotriacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of mice with Fe - NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4 . 6 folds , protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2 . 9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine incorporation increased to 3 . 2 folds , and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1 . 8 - 2 . 5 folds , compared with the corresponding saline - treated controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] thymidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes were reversed significantly ( p < 0 . 001 ) in animals receiving a pretreatment of BHT .", "entity": [{"entity": "BHT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data show that BHT can reciprocate the toxic effects of Fe - NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "BHT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Fe - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity and uptake of archaeosomes prepared from Aeropyrum pernix lipids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 is an obligate aerobic hyperthermophilic organism with C ( 25 , 25 ) - archeol membrane lipids with head groups containing inositol .", "entity": [{"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions of archaeosomes , liposomes prepared from lipids of A . pernix , with mammalian cells in vitro were studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro cytotoxicity was tested on five different cell lines : rodent mouse melanoma cells ( B16 - F1 ) and Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells , and three human cell lines - epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells ( CACO - 2 ) , liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line ( Hep G2 ) and endothelial umbilical vein cell line ( EA . hy926 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Archaeosomes were nontoxic to human Hep G2 , CACO - 2 and mildly toxic to rodent CHO and B16 - F1 cells but showed strong cytotoxic effect on EA . hy926 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal microscopy revealed that archaeosomes are taken up by endocytosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uptake of archaeosomes and the release of loaded calcein are more prominent in EA . hy926 cells , which is in line with high toxicity toward these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms of uptake , release and action in these cells as well as in vivo functioning have to be further studied for possible targeted drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 90 - day subchronic toxicity study of neem oil , a Azadirachta indica oil , in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the no - observed - adverse - effect level ( NOAEL ) of exposure and target organs of neem oil for establishing safety criteria for human exposure , the subchronic toxicity study with neem oil in mice was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mice ( 10 per sex for each dose ) was orally administered with neem oil with the doses of 0 ( to serve as a control ) , 177 , 533 and 1600 mg / kg / day for 90 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the treatment period , observation of reversibility or persistence of any toxic effects , mice were continuously fed without treatment for the following 30 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the two test periods , the serum biochemistry , organ weight and histopathology were examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the serum biochemistry and organ coefficient in experimental groups had no statistical difference compared with those of the control group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the 90th day , the histopathological examinations showed that the 1600 mg / kg / day dose of neem oil had varying degrees of damage on each organ except heart , uterus and ovarian .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 30 - day recovery , the degree of lesions to the tissues was lessened or even restored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NOAEL of neem oil was 177 mg / kg / day for mice and the target organs of neem oil were determined to be testicle , liver and kidneys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous high - performance liquid chromatographic determination of a rhein - diclofenac prodrug and its active compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to study the hydrolytic characterization of an anti - inflammatory prodrug ( RD - 1 ) in vitro , a simple , specific , precise and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of prodrug and its two hydrolytic active compounds was development using reverse phase high - performance liquid chromatography ( RP - HPLC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromatographic separation was performed on an ODS - 2 C18 column ( 250 mm x 4 . 6 mm , 5 . 0 microm particle size ) with a simple elution programme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mobile phase was methanol - 0 . 1 % phosphoric acid solution ( adjusted pH to 2 . 3 ) ( 80 : 20 , v / v ) ; wavelength of 257nm and mobile phase flow rate of 1 . 0 mL / min was utilized for the quantitative analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "phosphoric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excellent linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of R2 higher than 0 . 999 for all the analytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of prodrug and its active components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid identification of sibutramine in dietary supplements using a stepwise approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "sibutramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adulteration of botanical food supplements with undeclared synthetic drugs is a common problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most affected product groups are the slimming agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are no analytical protocols for the detection of synthetic adulterants from these products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed at the development of a multistep analytical method for the quick and reliable determination of sibutramine , one of the most common adulterants among botanical food supplements .", "entity": [{"entity": "sibutramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extract of a sibutramine - containing slimming formula was analysed by colour tests , TLC , HPLC - DAD , MS and NMR .", "entity": [{"entity": "sibutramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multistep method proposed by the authors allows the quick identification of sibutramine in counterfeit samples in laboratories with different instrumentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "sibutramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and validation of a simple LC method for the determination of phenacetin , coumarin , tolbutamide , chlorzoxazone , testosterone and their metabolites as markers of cytochromes 1A2 , 2A6 , 2C11 , 2E1 and 3A2 in rat microsomal medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenacetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "chlorzoxazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of most pharmaceutical compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A \" cocktail \" approach which employs simultaneous administration of a mixture of substrates of CYP enzymes was often used to assess the metabolic activity of multiple P450 forms in one experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenacetin , coumarin , tolbutamide , chlorzoxazone and testosterone are commonly used as probe substrates to evaluate cytochrome P450 function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenacetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "tolbutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "chlorzoxazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analytical strategy to simultaneously extract and analyze the five probe substrates and their major metabolites by HPLC - DAD was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incubation was done with all the substrates in one step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ten analytes were extracted simultaneously by solid - phase extraction ( SPE ) from rat liver microsomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A C18 analytical column and mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0 . 02 % aqueous phosphoric acid were used for the chromatographic separation with DAD detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "phosphoric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits of quantification varied between 0 . 02378 and 0 . 2361 microg / mL which contributed to quantify all these drugs and metabolites with UV detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method is applicable for the modeling and description of pharmacological interactions on rat cytochromes P450 or can be used for in vitro evaluation of cytochromes 1A2 , 2A6 , 2C11 , 2E1 and 3A2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic antitumor activity from two - stage delivery of targeted toxins and endosome - disrupting nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plant - derived Type I toxins are candidate anticancer therapeutics requiring cytosolic delivery into tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested a concept for two - stage delivery , whereby tumor cells precoated with an antibody - targeted gelonin toxin were killed by exposure to endosome - disrupting polymer nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - internalization of particles and tumor cell - bound gelonin led to cytosolic delivery and > 50 - fold enhancement of toxin efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach allows the extreme potency of gelonin to be focused on tumors with significantly reduced potential for off - target toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperature dependence of transport properties of spiro - MeOTAD as a hole transport material in solid - state dye - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "spiro - MeOTAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The internal transport and recombination parameters of solid - state dye - sensitized solar cells ( ssDSCs ) using the amorphous organic semiconductor 2 , 2 ' , 7 , 7 ' - tetrakis ( N , N - di - p - methoxyphenylamine ) - 9 , 9 ' - spirobifluorene ( spiro - MeOTAD ) as a hole transport material ( HTM ) are investigated using electrical impedance spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 ' , 7 , 7 ' - tetrakis ( N , N - di - p - methoxyphenylamine ) - 9 , 9 ' - spirobifluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 247]}, {"entity": "spiro - MeOTAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Devices were fabricated using flat and nanostructured TiO2 and compared to systems using nanostructured ZrO2 to differentiate between the transport processes within the different components of the ssDSC .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of chemically p - doping the HTM on its transport was investigated , and its temperature dependence was examined and analyzed using the Arrhenius equation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this approach the activation energy of the hole hopping transport within the undoped spiro - MeOTAD film was determined to be 0 . 34 +/- 0 . 02 and 0 . 40 +/- 0 . 02 eV for the mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 systems , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "spiro - MeOTAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo genotoxicity and oxidative stress evaluation of an ethanolic extract from piqui a ( Caryocar villosum ) pulp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the ethanolic extract obtained from piqui a pulp was assessed for genotoxicity and oxidative stress by employing the micronucleus test in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in addition to comet , thiobarbituric - acid - reactive substances ( TBARS ) , and reduced glutathione assays in the liver , kidney , and heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiobarbituric - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 237]}, {"entity": "reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , phytochemical analyses were performed to identify and quantify the chemical constituents of the piqui a extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wistar rats were treated by gavage with an ethanolic extract from piqui a pulp ( 75 mg / kg body weight ) for 14 days , and 24 h prior to euthanasia , they received an injection of saline or doxorubicin ( 15 mg / kg body weight , intraperoneally ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrated that piqui a extract at the tested dose was genotoxic but not mutagenic , and it increased the TBARS levels in the heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are required to fully elucidate how the properties of ethanolic extract of piqui a pulp can affect human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kimchi , a fermented vegetable , improves serum lipid profiles in healthy young adults : randomized clinical trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Vegetable - based diets have generally focused on their health benefits including negative associations with the serum cholesterol concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum lipid concentrations are influenced by the amount of kimchi intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the study , 100 volunteers were assigned to 2 dietary groups , low ( 15 g / day , n = 50 ) and high ( 210 g / day , n = 50 ) kimchi intake , and were housed together in a dormitory for 7 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identical meals except with different amount of kimchi were provided and subjects were instructed to maintain their normal physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentrations of fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , total glucose , total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) - C significantly decreased in both groups after 7 days of kimchi intake , but the effects were dose dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipid lowering effects of kimchi were more profound in the subjects with total cholesterol and LDL - C level over 190 and 130 mg / dL , respectively , in both groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FBG was significantly decreased in the high kimchi intake as compared to the low intake group ( P = . 003 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , greater consumption of kimchi improved FBG and serum total cholesterol in young healthy adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic food administration of Salvia sclarea oil reduces animals ' anxious and dominant behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies indicate that an oil extract from Salvia sclarea may provide clinical benefits in various pathological conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In comparison to extracts from other Salvia species , S . sclarea oil contains twice as much omega - 3 fatty acids , which are involved in eicosanoid synthesis pathways , and has been found to contain significant levels of the psychoactive monoterpane linalool .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 114]}, {"entity": "eicosanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined the mood stabilizing and anxiolytic - like effects of chronic food administration of S . sclarea oil extract on behavioral and physiological parameters of mice with prominent dominant and submissive features in behavioral assays used to test mood stabilizing and antidepressant drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental animals received oil supplemented food from the age of 4 weeks or from conception via their pregnant dams .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each age group received either S . sclarea oil - or sunflower oil - enriched feed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dominant animals , whose pregnant mothers received S . sclarea oil - enriched feed from the date of conception , showed a significant reduction of dominant and anxiety - like behavior , in comparison to their sunflower oil - treated counterparts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S . sclarea oil - treated submissive animals exhibited a similar tendency , and showed a significant reduction in blood corticosterone levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings enforce the hypothesis that S . sclarea oil possesses anxiolytic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of an in vitro dendritic cell - based test for skin sensitizer identification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitizing potential of chemicals is currently assessed using animal models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , ethical and economic concerns and the recent European legislative framework triggered intensive research efforts in the development and validation of alternative methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the aim of this study was to develop an in vitro predictive test based on the analysis and integration of gene expression and intracellular signaling profiles of chemical - exposed skin - derived dendritic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were treated with four known sensitizers and two nonsensitizers , and the effects on the expression of 20 candidate genes and the activation of MAPK , PI3K / Akt , and NF - kappa B signaling pathways were analyzed by real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genes Trxr1 , Hmox1 , Nqo1 , and Cxcl10 and the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways were identified as good predictor variables and used to construct a dichotomous classifier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For validation of the model , 12 new chemicals were then analyzed in a blind assay , and from these , 11 were correctly classified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the total of 18 compounds tested here , 17 were correctly classified , representing a concordance of 94 % , with a sensitivity of 92 % ( 12 of 13 sensitizers identified ) and a specificity of 100 % ( 5 of 5 nonsensitizers identified ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we tested the ability of our model to discriminate sensitizers from nonallergenic but immunogenic compounds such as lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS was correctly classified as a nonsensitizer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , our results indicate that the analysis of proposed gene and signaling pathway signatures in a mouse fetal skin - derived dendritic cell line represents a valuable model to be integrated in a future in vitro test platform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - molecule spectroscopy on RC - LH1 complexes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have revisited the RC - LH1 complex from Rhodopseudomonas ( Rps . ) acidophila for single - molecule spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the current study the pigment - protein complexes were stabilized in the detergent buffer solution using a relatively mild detergent ( dodecyl - beta - D - maltoside ( DDM ) instead of lauryldimethylamine N - oxide ( LDAO ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dodecyl - beta - D - maltoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 169]}, {"entity": "DDM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "lauryldimethylamine N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 218]}, {"entity": "LDAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads to a significant reduction of the fraction of broken / dissociated RC - LH1 complexes with respect to previous studies and has allowed us to investigate a sufficiently large sample of individual RC - LH1 complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For most of the complexes the fluorescence - excitation spectra exhibit a narrow spectral feature at the red end of the spectrum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the statistics of the spectral properties yields a close resemblance with the results obtained on RC - LH1 complexes from Rps . palustris for which a low - resolution X - ray structure is available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on this comparison we come to the conclusion that for both species the RC - LH1 complex can be described by the same structural model , that is , an overall elliptical assembly of pigments that features a gap .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of the Mode of Action of the Almiramide Family of Natural Products against the Kinetoplastid Parasite Trypanosoma brucei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Almiramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almiramide C is a marine natural product with low micromolar activity against Leishmania donovani , the causative agent of leishmaniasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Almiramide C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now shown that almiramide C is also active against the related parasite Trypanosoma brucei , the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "almiramide C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of activity - based probes have been synthesized to explore both the molecular target of this compound series in T . brucei lysates and site localization through epifluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These target identification studies indicate that the almiramides likely perturb glycosomal function through disruption of membrane assembly machinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "almiramides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycosomes , which are organelles specific to kinetoplastid parasites , house the first seven steps of glycolysis and have been shown to be essential for parasite survival in the bloodstream stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are currently no reported small - molecule disruptors of glycosome function , making the almiramides unique molecular probes for this understudied parasite - specific organelle .", "entity": [{"entity": "almiramides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , examination of toxicity in an in vivo zebrafish model has shown that these compounds have little effect on organism development , even at high concentrations , and has uncovered a potential side effect through localization of fluorescent derivatives to zebrafish neuromast cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined , these results further our understanding of the potential value of this lead series as development candidates against T . brucei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Achievement of pregnancies in women with primary ovarian insufficiency using close monitoring of follicle development : case reports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women with primary ovarian insufficiency ( POI ) / premature ovarian failure exhibit hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to follicle dysfunction and depletion before the age of 40 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because ovulation is extremely rare and thought to be unpredictable in women with POI and because no ovulation induction regimens have been shown to be efficacious , oocyte donation is the only evidence - based treatment for women with POI with desired fertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oocyte donation is , however , extremely limited in several countries including Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report four women with POI who achieved pregnancies resulting from timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination in combination with cyclic estrogen / progesterone therapy and close monitoring of follicle development .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These four patients were diagnosed with POI at the mean age of 27 . 5 +/- 8 . 5 ( mean +/- SD ; range , 19 - 35 ) , subjected to follicle monitoring at the mean age of 29 . 8 +/- 5 . 7 ( 23 - 35 ) , and conceived at the mean age of 34 . 5 +/- 3 . 9 ( 29 - 38 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interval between the initiation of follicle monitoring and pregnancy was 4 . 8 +/- 2 . 8 ( 2 - 8 ) years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the patients , her most recent ovulation occurred after a three - year interval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All four patients had uncomplicated pregnancies with term deliveries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the event that oocyte donation and adoption are not available and / or various treatments with intensive ovulation induction have been unsuccessful , close and continuous monitoring of follicle growth to identify very rare ovulatory events might be considered for patients with POI and desired fertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial leaf structures as a UV detector formed by the self - assembly of ZnO nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial leaf structures have been fabricated by the self - assembly of ZnO nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The self - assembly patterns showed asymmetric dendritic morphologies , larger surface - to - volume ratios , a broad absorption band and high resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A non - equilibrium two - stage - formation process included diffusion limited aggregation , and the phase - field model was introduced to explain the formation mechanism of the pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high - performance ultraviolet detector was fabricated on the artificial leaf structures , which showed that the current under the irradiation of a UV lamp ( 1 . 21 mW cm ( - 2 ) ) was about 10 ( 4 ) times greater than in the dark .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The various and functional properties of the pattern show us the vast prospects of potential applications for light harvesting systems and other optical - electric devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] pyrimidin - 5 - ones as potential antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] pyrimidin - 5 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of new derivatives of pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] pyrimidin - 5 - one via reaction of 7 - ( 4 - bromophenyl ) - 1 , 2 - dihydro - 5 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 2 - thioxopyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 3H ) - one with hydrazonoyl chlorides or reaction of 2 - hydrazino - pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 3H ) - one with different aldehydes followed by cyclization of the products .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] [ 1 , 2 , 4 ] triazolo [ 4 , 3 - a ] pyrimidin - 5 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 109]}, {"entity": "7 - ( 4 - bromophenyl ) - 1 , 2 - dihydro - 5 - ( 4 - fluorophenyl ) - 2 - thioxopyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 3H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 254]}, {"entity": "hydrazonoyl chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 281]}, {"entity": "2 - hydrazino - pyrido [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 3H ) - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 360]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities and also their minimum inhibitory concentration against most of test organisms was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst the tested compounds displayed excellent activity against all the tested microorganisms except SR and PA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione dimerization - based plasmonic nanoswitch for biodetection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ( ROS and RNS ) are continuously produced in the cellular systems and are controlled by several antioxidant mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we developed a straightforward , sensitive , and quantitative assay for the colorimetric and spectroscopic detection of various ROS and RNS such as H2O2 , . OH , ( - ) OCl , NO . , and O2 ( - ) using glutathione - modified gold nanoparticles ( GSH - AuNPs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": ". OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 166]}, {"entity": "( - ) OCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 178]}, {"entity": "NO .", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 185]}, {"entity": "O2 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 218]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A basic principle here is that the GSHs on the AuNP surface can be readily detached via the formation of glutathione disulfides upon the addition of ROS and RNS , and destabilized particles can aggregate to generate the plasmonic couplings between plasmonic AuNPs that trigger the red shift in UV - vis spectrum and solution color change .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "glutathione disulfides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For nonradical species such as H2O2 , this process can be more efficiently achieved by converting them into radical species via the Fenton reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this strategy , we were able to rapidly and quantitatively distinguish among cancerous and normal cells based on ROS and RNS production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twisting bilayer graphene superlattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilayer graphene is an intriguing material in that its electronic structure can be altered by changing the stacking order or the relative twist angle , yielding a new class of low - dimensional carbon system .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twisted bilayer graphene can be obtained by ( i ) thermal decomposition of SiC ; ( ii ) chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) on metal catalysts ; ( iii ) folding graphene ; or ( iv ) stacking graphene layers one atop the other , the latter of which suffers from interlayer contamination .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "SiC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Existing synthesis protocols , however , usually result in graphene with polycrystalline structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigates bilayer graphene grown by ambient pressure CVD on polycrystalline Cu .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlling the nucleation in early stage growth allows the constituent layers to form single hexagonal crystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Raman active modes are shown to result from the twist , with the angle determined by transmission electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successful growth of single - crystal bilayer graphene provides an attractive jumping - off point for systematic studies of interlayer coupling in misoriented few - layer graphene systems with well - defined geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates containing a second phosphonate group are potent inhibitors of 6 - oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases and have antimalarial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "6 - oxopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates ( ANPs ) that contain a 6 - oxopurine base are good inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum ( Pf ) and Plasmodium vivax ( Pv ) 6 - oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases ( PRTs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "ANPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "6 - oxopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "6 - oxopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical modifications based on the crystal structure of 2 - ( phosphonoethoxy ) ethylguanine ( PEEG ) in complex with human HGPRT have led to the design of new ANPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( phosphonoethoxy ) ethylguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 93]}, {"entity": "PEEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "ANPs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These novel compounds contain a second phosphonate group attached to the ANP scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "ANP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "{ [ ( 2 - [ ( Guanine - 9H - yl ) methyl ] propane - 1 , 3 - diyl ) bis ( oxy ) ] bis ( methylene ) } diphosphonic acid ( compound 17 ) exhibited a Ki value of 30 nM for human HGPRT and 70 nM for Pf HGXPRT .", "entity": [{"entity": "{ [ ( 2 - [ ( Guanine - 9H - yl ) methyl ] propane - 1 , 3 - diyl ) bis ( oxy ) ] bis ( methylene ) } diphosphonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystal structure of this compound in complex with human HGPRT shows that it fills or partially fills three critical locations in the active site : the binding sites of the purine base , the 5 ' - phosphate group , and pyrophosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "purine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 183]}, {"entity": "5 ' - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 210]}, {"entity": "pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first HG ( X ) PRT inhibitor that has been able to achieve this result .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prodrugs have been synthesized resulting in IC50 values as low as 3 . 8 mu M for Pf grown in cell culture , up to 25 - fold lower compared to the parent compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of novel estrogen receptor antagonists using metal - catalyzed coupling reactions and characterization of their biological activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen receptor ( ER ) antagonists are valuable in the treatment of ER - positive human breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we designed and synthesized nine new derivatives of 17 beta - estradiol ( E2 ) with a bulky side chain attached to its C - 7 alpha position , and determined their ER antagonistic activity using in vitro bioassays .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of the derivatives showed a strong inhibition of ER alpha transactivation activity in a luciferase reporter assay and blocked ER alpha interactions with coactivators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , these derivatives also strongly inhibited the growth of the ER alpha - positive human breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational docking analysis was conducted to model the interaction of these antagonists with the human ER alpha and showed that they could tightly bind to the ER alpha in a manner similar to that of ICI - 182 , 780 , a pure ER antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICI - 182 , 780", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide an example that attachment of a bulky side chain to the C - 7 alpha position of E2 can produce ER antagonists with ER affinity comparable to that of ICI - 182 , 780 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICI - 182 , 780", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Device physics and operation of lateral bulk heterojunction devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurements of lateral bulk heterojunction ( BHJ ) devices have recently been reported as a means to characterize charge transport and recombination properties within organic photovoltaic ( OPV ) materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These structures allow for the direct measurement of the lateral extents of the space charge regions , potential and electric field profiles , current versus voltage characteristics , and other physical and chemical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article describes numerical simulations that show three different transport regimes present within lateral BHJ devices and two different experimental methods , which verify those findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These measurement techniques utilize typical confocal microscopy tools as well as steady - state current versus voltage measurements on high aspect ratio nanofabricated structures in order to probe the material properties between the electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental results show that the lateral extents of space charge regions within these devices are approximately 1 - 5 mu m , which are related to the drift lengths of the charge carriers , and that the mechanism of bimolecular recombination is shown to be a bulk material property .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results within this article describe a series of methods to evaluate charge transport and recombination along the in - plane direction in BHJ films and provide complementary insights to those obtained from vertical - device - based measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Practical approach for measuring heat capacity of pharmaceutical crystals / glasses by modulated - temperature differential scanning calorimetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A practical protocol to obtain accurate heat capacity values of pharmaceutical compounds using modulated - temperature differential scanning calorimetry was established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three pharmaceutical compounds , acetaminophen , indomethacin , and tri - O - methyl - beta - cyclodextrin were used as model compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "tri - O - methyl - beta - cyclodextrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powder samples did not produce reproducible results , presumably due to inclusion of gas in gap of powders that influenced the measured heat capacity and thermal homogeneity in the sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the amorphous characteristics were evaluated using quench - cooled samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystalline samples were obtained by partially melting the sample to allow recrystallization using the residual crystal as a template .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimum sample mass was about 10 mg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of too small sample size resulted in poor reproducibility due to localization of the sample in the pan , while too large size resulted in low heat capacity values probably because of heterogeneity of the sample temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimum modulation period was in the range of 60 s and 90 s , to which the ramp rates of 2 degrees C / min and 1 degrees C / min , respectively , were applied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ramp amplitude was less significant in the evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This information should help in comprehending basic characteristics of pharmaceutical compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particle condition change in emulsion admixture evaluated by in situ flow particle imaging analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the particle state change in emulsion admixtures using in situ flow particle imaging analysis ( FPIA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ropion (R) intravenous ( flurbiprofen axetil : Ropion (R) ) served as the model emulsion formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "flurbiprofen axetil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A binary mixture of Ropion (R) and normal saline ( NS ) , and a ternary admixture of Ropion (R) , NS , and Gaster (R) injection ( famotidine : Gaster (R) ) or Primperan (R) injection ( metoclopramide hydrochloride : Primperan (R) ) were prepared and the change in emulsion particle state was analyzed using FPIA under in situ condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Gaster", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "Gaster", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 149]}, {"entity": "Primperan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "metoclopramide hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 213]}, {"entity": "Primperan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of storage on pH change and the chemical stability of flurbiprofen axetil were also investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurbiprofen axetil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ropion (R) , various particle images ( mean diameter : 2 . 4 micro m ) were obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From our analysis of changes in scattergrams and particle images , changing behaviors of emulsion particles as a function of storage time depended on the systems of admixture samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Ropion (R) / NS and Ropion (R) / Gaster (R) / NS systems , mean particle size and particle number increased with lengthening storage time ; however , these values were dramatically increased beyond 6 h in the Ropion (R) / Primperan (R) / NS system , corresponding to a decrease in measured pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "Gaster", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "Ropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 218]}, {"entity": "Primperan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decomposition of flurbiprofen axetil due to incompatibility was not observed in all systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurbiprofen axetil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed information on the change in emulsion particle state was obtained using FPIA , indicating that this method is useful to evaluate state changes in emulsion admixtures under in situ condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase11 and 24 modulate the activity of the inward rectifying K + channels in Arabidopsis pollen tubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca2 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "K +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potassium ( K ( + ) ) influx into pollen tubes via K ( + ) transporters is essential for pollen tube growth ; however , the mechanism by which K ( + ) transporters are regulated in pollen tubes remains unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that Arabidopsis thaliana Ca ( 2 + ) - dependent protein kinase11 ( CPK11 ) and CPK24 are involved in Ca ( 2 + ) - dependent regulation of the inward K ( + ) ( K ( + ) in ) channels in pollen tubes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using patch - clamp analysis , we demonstrated that K ( + ) in currents of pollen tube protoplasts were inhibited by elevated [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] cyt .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , disruption of CPK11 or CPK24 completely impaired the Ca ( 2 + ) - dependent inhibition of K ( + ) in currents and enhanced pollen tube growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the cpk11 cpk24 double mutant exhibited similar phenotypes as the corresponding single mutants , suggesting that these two CDPKs function in the same signaling pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that CPK11 could interact with CPK24 in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CPK11 phosphorylated the N terminus of CPK24 in vitro , suggesting that these two CDPKs work together as part of a kinase cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophysiological assays demonstrated that the Shaker pollen K ( + ) in channel is the main contributor to pollen tube K ( + ) in currents and acts as the downstream target of the CPK11 - CPK24 pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that CPK11 and CPK24 together mediate the Ca ( 2 + ) - dependent inhibition of K ( + ) in channels and participate in the regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overdosage of Hand2 causes limb and heart defects in the human chromosomal disorder partial trisomy distal 4q .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial trisomy distal 4q ( denoted 4q + ) is a human chromosomal disorder caused by duplication of the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 4 ( Chr4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This disorder manifests typical phenotypes , including craniofacial , renal , heart and thumb developmental defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these clinical features are likely caused by a dosage imbalance in the gene network involving the trisomic region , the causative gene or genes and the molecular bases are largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report mouse Recombination - induced mutation 4 ( Rim4 ) as a model animal of 4q + .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Rim4 genome contains an insertion of a 6 . 5 Mb fragment from mouse chromosome 8 into chromosome 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This insertion fragment contains 17 genes , including Hand2 , that encode the basic helix - loop - helix transcription factor and is syntenic to the distal end of human Chr4 , 4q32 . 3 to 4q34 . 1 , which is responsible for 4q + .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of phenotypes between patients with Rim4 and 4q + revealed that Rim4 shows direct parallels with many phenotypes of 4q + such as craniofacial , heart , cervical vertebra and limb deformities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rebalancing the gene dosage by a genetic cross with Hand2 knockout mice ameliorated symptoms of the heart and limb deformities of Rim4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , an increase in copy number of Hand2 in wild - type mice recaptures the heart and limb deformities of Rim4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results collectively demonstrate that overdosage of Hand2 is a major cause for at least the limb and heart phenotypes of 4q + and that mouse Rim4 provides a unique animal model for understanding the molecular bases underlying the complex phenotypes of 4q + .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasensitive non - resonant detection of ultrasound with plasmonic metamaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optical sensors for ultrasound detection provide high sensitivity and bandwidth , essential for photoacoustic imaging in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implementing plasmonic metamaterials in a non - resonant regime facilitates sub - nanosecond , highly sensitive detectors while eliminating cumbersome optical alignment necessary for resonant sensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes for sensitive fluorescent assignment of protein inclusion bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligothiophenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small hydrophobic ligands identifying intracellular protein deposits are of great interest , as protein inclusion bodies are the pathological hallmark of several degenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report that fluorescent amyloid ligands , termed luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes ( LCOs ) , rapidly and with high sensitivity detect protein inclusion bodies in skeletal muscle tissue from patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis ( s - IBM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligothiophenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LCOs having a conjugated backbone of at least five thiophene units emitted strong fluorescence upon binding , and showed co - localization with proteins reported to accumulate in s - IBM protein inclusion bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with conventional amyloid ligands , LCOs identified a larger fraction of immunopositive inclusion bodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the conjugated thiophene backbone was extended with terminal carboxyl groups , the LCO revealed striking spectral differences between distinct protein inclusion bodies .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that 1 ) LCOs are sensitive , rapid and powerful tools for identifying protein inclusion bodies and 2 ) LCOs identify a wider range of protein inclusion bodies than conventional amyloid ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative Binding Energy ( COMBINE ) Analysis for Understanding the Binding Determinants of Type II Dehydroquinase Inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we report comparative binding energy ( COMBINE ) analyses to derive quantitative structure - activity relationship ( QSAR ) models that help rationalize the determinants of binding affinity for inhibitors of type II dehydroquinase ( DHQ2 ) , the third enzyme of the shikimic acid pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "shikimic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent COMBINE models were derived for Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DHQ2 , which is an essential enzyme in both these pathogenic bacteria that has no counterpart in human cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies quantify the importance of the hydrogen bonding interactions between the ligands and the water molecule involved in the DHQ2 reaction mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They also highlight important differences in the ligand interactions with the interface pocket close to the active site that could provide guides for future inhibitor design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over - the - Counter Access to Emergency Contraception without Age Restriction : An Opinion of the Women ' s Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Family planning remains a high priority area for the United States , with goals to increase the proportion of pregnancies that are intended , reduce pregnancy rates among adolescents , and increase contraceptive use prioritized in the Healthy People 2020 objectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contraception intended for use after unprotected intercourse , known as emergency contraception , remains underutilized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levonorgestrel is one method of oral emergency contraception , which prevents fertilization and does not disrupt an already established pregnancy ; thus , timing of administration is critical .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levonorgestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite data demonstrating safety and efficacy , evidence - based decision making has been overshadowed by politically charged actions involving levonorgestrel emergency contraception for over a decade .", "entity": [{"entity": "levonorgestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Women ' s Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy supports expanded access to levonorgestrel emergency contraception and removal of barriers such as age restrictions on the nonprescription drug product .", "entity": [{"entity": "levonorgestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacists remain a key provider of emergency contraceptive services and can help ensure timely access .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In states where direct pharmacy access to emergency contraception is available , pharmacists are encouraged to participate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Education , research , and advocacy are other important responsibilities for pharmacists in this arena .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective functionalization of the internal and the external surfaces of mesoporous silicon by liquid masking .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A general approach for selective , differential functionalization of the interior and exterior surfaces of mesoporous Si is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method employs two immiscible liquids , one inert and the other chemically reactive with the porous Si nanostructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , a porous Si sample is prepared by electrochemical etch and then it is mildly oxidized , which places a thin layer of silicon oxide at the surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "silicon oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inner pore walls of the partially oxidized porous Si film are then infiltrated with an inert liquid ( octane ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "octane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sample is then immersed in aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride ( HF ) , which serves as the reactive liquid .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 76]}, {"entity": "HF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrophobic phase is retained in the interior of the porous nanostructure , and HF ( aq ) attacks only the exposed surfaces of the oxidized porous Si sample , generating a hydrophobic , hydrogen - terminated ( Si - H ) outer layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "HF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 153]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "Si - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction is self - limiting due to the immiscibility of octane and water , and the extent of penetration of the Si - H surface into the porous layer is dependent on the time of exposure to HF ( aq ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "octane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "Si - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "HF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Si - H surface can then be modified by thermal hydrosilylation ( 1 - dodecene or 10 - bromo - 1 - decene ) in a subsequent step , resulting in a bifunctional porous Si film containing hydrophobic pore entrances to hydrophilic inner pores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "1 - dodecene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "10 - bromo - 1 - decene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 108]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrophobic dodecyl species at the mouths of the pores is found to form a barrier for molecular transport ; it decreases the rate of leaching ( into water ) of a rhodamine test molecule that is preloaded into the sample by > 8 fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "dodecyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "rhodamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What Can We Learn about Dispersion from the Conformer Surface of n - Pentane ?", "entity": [{"entity": "n - Pentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In earlier work [ Gruzman , D . ; Karton , A . ; Martin , J . M . L . J . Phys . Chem . A 2009 , 113 , 11974 ] , we showed that conformer energies in alkanes ( and other systems ) are highly dispersion - driven and that uncorrected DFT functionals fail badly at reproducing them , while simple empirical dispersion corrections tend to overcorrect .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain greater insight into the nature of the phenomenon , we have mapped the torsional surface of n - pentane to 10 - degree resolution at the CCSD ( T ) - F12 level near the basis set limit .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - pentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data obtained have been decomposed by order of perturbation theory , excitation level , and same - spin vs opposite - spin character .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large number of approximate electronic structure methods have been considered , as well as several empirical dispersion corrections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our chief conclusions are as follows : ( a ) the effect of dispersion is dominated by same - spin correlation ( or triplet - pair correlation , from a different perspective ) ; ( b ) singlet - pair correlation is important for the surface , but qualitatively very dissimilar to the dispersion component ; ( c ) single and double excitations beyond third order are essentially unimportant for this surface ; ( d ) connected triple excitations do play a role but are statistically very similar to the MP2 singlet - pair correlation ; ( e ) the form of the damping function is crucial for good performance of empirical dispersion corrections ; ( f ) at least in the lower - energy regions , SCS - MP2 and especially MP2 . 5 perform very well ; ( g ) novel spin - component scaled double hybrid functionals such as DSD - PBEP86 - D2 acquit themselves very well for this problem .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adhesion of Mussel Foot Protein - 3 to TiO2 Surfaces : the Effect of pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underwater adhesion of marine mussels relies on mussel foot proteins ( mfps ) rich in the catecholic amino acid 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenylalanine ( Dopa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 146]}, {"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a side chain , Dopa is capable of strong bidentate interactions with a variety of surfaces , including many minerals and metal oxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "metal oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Titanium is among the most widely used medical implant material and quickly forms a TiO2 passivation layer under physiological conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Titanium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the binding mechanism of Dopa to TiO2 surfaces is therefore of considerable theoretical and practical interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a surface forces apparatus , we explored the force - distance profiles and adhesion energies of mussel foot protein 3 ( mfp - 3 ) to TiO2 surfaces at three different pHs ( pH 3 , 5 . 5 and 7 . 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At pH 3 , mfp - 3 showed the strongest adhesion force on TiO2 , with an adhesion energy of ~ - 7 . 0 mJ / m ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the pH gives rise to two opposing effects : ( 1 ) increased oxidation of Dopa , thus , decreasing availability for the Dopa - mediated adhesion , and ( 2 ) increased bidentate Dopa - Ti coordination , leading to the further stabilization of the Dopa group and , thus , an increase in adhesion force .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 134]}, {"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 191]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 196]}, {"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both effects were reflected in the resonance - enhanced Raman spectra obtained at the three deposition pHs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two competing effects give rise to a higher adhesion force of mfp - 3 on the TiO2 surface at pH 7 . 5 than at pH 5 . 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that Dopa - containing proteins and synthetic polymers have great potential as coating materials for medical implant materials , particularly if redox activity can be controlled .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic Approaches to RBC Mimicry and Oxygen Carrier Systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole blood or red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusions are highly significant , clinically , for blood replacement therapies in traumatic injuries , presurgical conditions , and anemias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , natural RBC - based products suffer from limited shelf life due to pathological contamination and also present risks of refractoriness , graft - versus - host disease , immunosuppression , and acute lung injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These issues can be only partially resolved by pathogen reduction technologies , serological blood testing , leukoreduction , and specialized storage ; hence , they severely affect the efficacy and safety of the blood products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , there is a significant interest in synthetic RBC analogues that can mimic its oxygen - transport properties while allowing convenient manufacture , reproducibility , long shelf life , and reduced biological risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this end , the current Review provides a comprehensive description and discussion of the various research approaches and current state - of - the - art in synthetically mimicking RBC ' s oxygen - carrying biochemical properties , as well as the biophysical parameters ( shape , size and mechanical modulus ) that influence RBCs ' hemodynamic transport properties in blood flow .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes , perioperative ischaemia and volatile anaesthetics : consequences of derangements in myocardial substrate metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volatile anaesthetics exert protective effects on the heart against perioperative ischaemic injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is growing evidence that these cardioprotective properties are reduced in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function is myocardial substrate metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the type 2 diabetic heart , substrate metabolism is shifted from glucose utilisation to fatty acid oxidation , resulting in metabolic inflexibility and cardiac dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ischaemic heart also loses its metabolic flexibility and can switch to glucose or fatty acid oxidation as its preferential state , which may deteriorate cardiac function even further in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus . Recent experimental studies suggest that the cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetics partly rely on changing myocardial substrate metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interventions that target at restoration of metabolic derangements , like lifestyle and pharmacological interventions , may therefore be an interesting candidate to reduce perioperative complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will focus on the current knowledge regarding myocardial substrate metabolism during volatile anaesthesia in the obese and type 2 diabetic heart during perioperative ischaemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA - guided platform for sequence - specific control of gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted gene regulation on a genome - wide scale is a powerful strategy for interrogating , perturbing , and engineering cellular systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we develop a method for controlling gene expression based on Cas9 , an RNA - guided DNA endonuclease from a type II CRISPR system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that a catalytically dead Cas9 lacking endonuclease activity , when coexpressed with a guide RNA , generates a DNA recognition complex that can specifically interfere with transcriptional elongation , RNA polymerase binding , or transcription factor binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This system , which we call CRISPR interference ( CRISPRi ) , can efficiently repress expression of targeted genes in Escherichia coli , with no detectable off - target effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRISPRi can be used to repress multiple target genes simultaneously , and its effects are reversible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show evidence that the system can be adapted for gene repression in mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This RNA - guided DNA recognition platform provides a simple approach for selectively perturbing gene expression on a genome - wide scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel effects of ectoine , a bacteria - derived natural tetrahydropyrimidine , in experimental colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectoine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "tetrahydropyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence suggests an important role of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore stabilizing mucosal barrier function constitutes a new therapeutic approach in its management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectoine is a compatible solute produced by aerobic chemoheterotrophic and halophilic / halotolerant bacteria , where it acts as osmoprotectant and effective biomembrane stabilizer , protecting the producing cells from extreme environmental stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ectoine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since this natural compound was also shown to prevent inflammatory responses associated with IBD , its potential usefulness was studied in a model of colitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups of rats were treated orally with different doses of ectoine ( 30 - 300mg / kg ) or sulfasalazine ( reference drug ) daily for 11 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectoine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "sulfasalazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 8 colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 2 , 4 , 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid , when overt signs of lesions develop within the next 3 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 4 , 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 12 , blood was withdrawn from the retro - orbital plexus of the rats and the animals were sacrificed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The colon was excised and examined macroscopically and microscopically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured in serum and colon homogenates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of colitis led to marked weight loss , significant histopathological changes of the colon , and variable changes in levels of myeloperoxidase , reduced glutathione , malondialdehyde , and all inflammatory markers tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with ectoine ameliorated the inflammatory changes in TNBS - induced colitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectoine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was associated with reduction in the levels of TNF - alpha , IL - 1 beta , ICAM - 1 , PGE2 and LTB4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings suggest that intestinal barrier stabilizers from natural sources could offer new therapeutic measures for the management of IBD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic effect of leaf essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer ( Verbenaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of drugs used in the pharmaceutical industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among traditional medicinal plants , Lippia gracilis Schauer ( Verbenaceae ) had been used for several medicinal purposes in Brazilian northeastern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , leaf essential oil ( EO ) of L . gracilis was prepared using hydrodistillation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Followed by GC - MS analysis , its composition was characterized by the presence of thymol ( 55 . 50 % ) , as major constituent .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of EO on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction were investigated in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , mice bearing Sarcoma 180 tumor cells were used to confirm its in vivo effectiveness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EO and its constituents ( thymol , p - cymene , gamma - terpinene and myrcene ) displayed cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "p - cymene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "gamma - terpinene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "myrcene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EO treatment caused G1 arrest in HepG2 cells accompanied by the induction of DNA fragmentation without affecting cell membrane integrity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell morphology consistent with apoptosis and a remarkable activation of caspase - 3 were also observed , suggesting induction of caspase - dependent apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo antitumor study showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 38 . 5 - 41 . 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the tested essential oil of L . gracilis leaves , which has thymol as its major constituent , possesses significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that leaf essential oil of L . gracilis is a potential medicinal resource .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mitochondrial ribosomal and RNA decay pathway blocks cell proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proliferating cells require coordinated gene expression between the nucleus and mitochondria in order to divide , ensuring sufficient organelle number in daughter cells [ 1 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the machinery and mechanisms whereby proliferating cells monitor mitochondria and coordinate organelle biosynthesis remain poorly understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibiotics inhibiting mitochondrial translation have emerged as therapeutics for human cancers because they block cell proliferation [ 2 , 3 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These proliferative defects were attributable to modest decreases in mitochondrial respiration [ 3 , 4 ] , even though tumors are mainly glycolytic [ 5 ] and mitochondrial respiratory chain function appears to play a minor role in cell proliferation in vivo [ 6 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we challenge this interpretation by demonstrating that one class of antiproliferative antibiotic induces stalled mitochondrial ribosomes , which triggers a mitochondrial ribosome and RNA decay pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rescue of the stalled mitochondrial ribosomes initiates a retrograde signaling response to block cell proliferation and occurs prior to any loss of mitochondrial respiration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss of respiratory chain function is simply a downstream effect of impaired mitochondrial translation and not the antiproliferative signal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mitochondrial ribosome quality - control pathway is actively monitored in cells and constitutes an important organelle checkpoint for cell division .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High rates of pregnancy loss by subordinates leads to high reproductive skew in wild golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Across taxa , cooperative breeding has been associated with high reproductive skew .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cooperatively breeding golden lion tamarins ( Leontopithecus rosalia ) were long thought to have a monogynous mating system in which reproduction was limited to a single dominant female .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subordinates with few reproductive opportunities delayed dispersal and remained in the natal group to provide alloparental care to siblings , thus allowing dominant reproductive females to meet the energetic needs associated with high rates of reproduction and successful infant rearing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to re - assess monogyny in wild golden lion tamarin groups based upon pregnancy diagnoses that used non - invasive enzyme immunoassay for progesterone and cortisol , combined with weekly data on individual weight gain , bi - annual physical examinations noting pregnancy and lactation status and daily behavioral observations .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We established quantitative and qualitative criteria to detect and determine the timing of pregnancies that did not result in the birth of infants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnancy polygyny occurred in 83 % of golden lion tamarin groups studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss of 64 % of subordinate pregnancies compared to only 15 % by dominant females limited reproductive success mainly to dominant females , thus maintaining high reproductive skew in female golden lion tamarins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnancy loss by subordinate adults did not appear to result from dominant interference in subordinate hormonal mechanisms , but more likely resulted from subordinate abandonment of newborn infants to mitigate dominant aggression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of novel 2 - amino - 4 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 4H - pyran - 3 - carbonitrile derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - amino - 4 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 4H - pyran - 3 - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a part of systematic investigation of synthesis and biological activities of indole analogues linked to various heterocyclic systems , we have synthesized new compounds viz . , 2 - amino - 4 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 4H - pyran - 3 - carbonitriles ( 2a - i ) , 4 , 5 - diamino - 6 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 8 - aryl - 2 - oxo - 2 , 6 - dihydrodipyrano [ 2 , 3 - b : 3 , 2 - e ] pyridine - 3 - carbonitriles ( 3a - i ) , 4 - amino - 5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 1H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 ( 5H ) - ones ( 4a - i ) , 4 - amino - 5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 1H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 ( 5H ) - thiones ( 5a - i ) , 4 - ( 5 ' - subtituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 1 , 4 - dihydropyrano [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyrazol - 3 - amines ( 6a - i ) and 5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 3H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 5H ) - ones ( 7a - i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 4 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 4H - pyran - 3 - carbonitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 298]}, {"entity": "4 , 5 - diamino - 6 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 8 - aryl - 2 - oxo - 2 , 6 - dihydrodipyrano [ 2 , 3 - b : 3 , 2 - e ] pyridine - 3 - carbonitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 494]}, {"entity": "4 - amino - 5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 1H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 ( 5H ) - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [508, 647]}, {"entity": "4 - amino - 5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 1H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 ( 5H ) - thiones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [661, 805]}, {"entity": "4 - ( 5 ' - subtituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 6 - aryl - 1 , 4 - dihydropyrano [ 2 , 3 - c ] pyrazol - 3 - amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [819, 950]}, {"entity": "5 - ( 5 ' - substituted 2 ' - phenyl - 1H - indol - 3 ' - yl ) - 7 - aryl - 3H - pyrano [ 2 , 3 - d ] pyrimidin - 4 ( 5H ) - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [966, 1095]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibacterial activity results revealed that , compound 6a showed promising activity versus Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 6d exhibited good activity against S . aureus , K . pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antifungal activity results indicated that , compound 4d exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In case of antioxidant activity , compound 4a showed promising radical scavenging activity , ferric ions ( Fe ( 3 + ) ) reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP ) and metal chelating activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiproliferative effect of two novel COX - 2 inhibitors on human keratinocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective COX - 2 inhibitors ( COXib ) belonging to the class of diaryl heterocycles ( e . g . , celecoxib , rofecoxib , etc . ) , are devoid of the undesirable effects due to their capacity to inhibit selectively inducible ( COX - 2 ) , responsible for inflammatory effects but not constitutive cyclooxygenase - 1 ( COX - 1 ) ( COX ) ; responsible for cytoprotective effects on gastric mucosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "diaryl heterocycles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , several reports have identified an increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with the use of COXib .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed a new series of anti - inflammatory agents ( 1 , 5 - diarylpyrrole - 3 - alkoxyethyl esters and ethers ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 5 - diarylpyrrole - 3 - alkoxyethyl esters and ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the effect of two 1 , 5 - diarylpyrrole - 3 - alkoxyethyl ethers , VA441 and VA428 ( up to 100 mu M ) , respectively , in comparison with two well known COXib , celecoxib and rofecoxib , on HaCaT cell ( keratinocytes ) proliferation and toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 5 - diarylpyrrole - 3 - alkoxyethyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 76]}, {"entity": "VA441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "VA428", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crucial molecules in cell cycle progression , i . e . NF kappa B and ERK as targets / mediators and cyclin D1 and p21 Cip1 / Kip as final effectors were evaluated by Western blot , immunohystochemistry and q - PCR analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds , VA441 and VA428 , showed a strong inhibition of cell proliferation , and did not exhibit cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "VA441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "VA428", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - proliferative effect was accompanied by a strong activation of ERK and induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , there was a clear inhibition of the transcription factor NF - kappa B and downregulation of cyclin D1 , with enforced inhibition of the HaCaT cell cycle progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that compounds VA441 and VA428 , along with their role in inhibiting COX - 2 and inflammation , could have a possible therapeutic ( topical and systemic ) use against skin proliferative disorders , such as psoriasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "VA441", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "VA428", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of oxidative stress in chemical allergens induced skin cells activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergic contact dermatitis ( ACD ) is an important occupational and environmental disease caused by topical exposure to chemical allergens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It describes the adverse effects that may results when exposure to a chemical elicits a T cell - mediated inflammatory skin disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of contact sensitizers to induce the oxidative stress pathway in keratinocytes and dendritic cells has been confirmed by several authors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) can serve as essential second messengers mediating cellular responses resulting in immune cells activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress may be the starter point , as it leads to the activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways , including NF - kB and p38 MAPK , which leads to the release of cytokines and chemokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROS are also involved in the activation of the NLRP3 / NALP3 inflammasome , which is required to direct the proteolytic maturation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL - 1 beta and IL - 18 , which are all integral to the process of dendritic cells mobilization , migration and functional maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , emerging evidence correlates ROS to changes in the constitution of the extracellular microenvironment found to facilitate ACD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this review is to provide both conceptual and technical frameworks on the role of oxidative stress in chemical allergy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative expression of cholesterol transport - related proteins and inflammation markers through the induction of 7 - ketosterol - mediated stress in Caco - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "7 - ketosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human diets contain sterol oxidation products that can induce cytotoxic effects , mainly caused by cholesterol oxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "cholesterol oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , phytosterol oxides effects have been less extensively investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytosterol oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study evaluates the production of inflammatory biomarkers ( IL - 1 beta , IL - 8 , IL - 10 , TNF alpha ) and the influence of gene expression transporters and enzymes related to cholesterol absorption and metabolism ( NPC1L1 , ABCG5 / 8 , HMGCoA , ACAT ) produced by 7 - ketosterols ( stigmasterol / cholesterol ) in Caco - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "HMGCoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 250]}, {"entity": "7 - ketosterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "stigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 302]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were linked to intracellular signaling pathways by using several inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed 7 - ketostigmasterol to have a greater proinflammatory potential than 7 - ketocholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - ketostigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 35]}, {"entity": "7 - ketocholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In non - pre - treated cells , only efflux transporters were down - regulated by 7 - ketosterols , showing a greater influence upon ABCG5 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - ketosterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell - pre - incubation with bradykinin induced changes in ABCG expression levels after 7 - ketostigmasterol - incubation ; however , the energetic metabolism inhibition reduced NPC1L1 expression only in 7 - ketocholesterol - incubated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradykinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "7 - ketostigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "7 - ketocholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In non - pre - treated cells , HMG - CoA was up - regulated by both 7 - ketosterols .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "7 - ketosterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , exposure to inhibitors down - regulated the expression levels , mainly in 7 - ketocholesterol - incubated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - ketocholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While ACAT expression values in non - pre - treated cells were unchanged , exposure to inhibitors caused down - regulation of mRNA levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that internalization and excretion of 7 - ketostigmasterol is probably influenced by [ Ca ] i , which also could mediate HMGCoA activity in POPs metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - ketostigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "HMGCoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , energetic metabolism and reducing equivalents exert different influences upon the 7 - ketosterol internalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - ketosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective effects of neolignans isolated from Magnoliae Cortex against glutamate - induced apoptotic stimuli in HT22 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "neolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the course of screening for neuroprotective natural products , Magnoliae Cortex showed potent inhibition of hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obovatol , honokiol , and magnolol were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Magnoliae Cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "honokiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "magnolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated compounds obovatol , honokiol , and magnolol were protective against 5mM glutamate - induced cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "honokiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "magnolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When cells were stressed using glutamate , cell viability decreased to 16 . 98 +/- 4 . 58 % over the control ( 100 . 00 +/- 10 . 15 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , 10 mu M obovatol , 10 mu M honokiol , and 50 mu M magnolol increased cell viability to 91 . 80 +/- 1 . 70 % , 93 . 59 +/- 1 . 93 % , and 85 . 36 +/- 7 . 40 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "honokiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "magnolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuroprotective effects of obovatol and honokiol were attributable to the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species production , followed by protection of the mitochondrial membrane potential ( Delta Psi m ) , recovery of Bcl - 2 and Bid levels , inhibition of apoptosis - inducing factor expression , and phosphorylation of mitogen - activated protein kinases such as p38 kinases , extracellular signal - regulated kinases , and c - Jun N - terminal kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "honokiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [452, 453]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , magnolol did not show any significant effect on the Delta Psi m and apoptotic factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among three compounds , obovatol most strongly scavenged 2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in glutamate - stressed HT22 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 94]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 164]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that obovatol and honokiol may have clinical applications for preventing neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "obovatol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "honokiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of angiogenesis and invasion by DMBT is mediated by downregulation of VEGF and MMP - 9 through Akt pathway in MDA - MB - 231 breast cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invasion , either directly or via metastasis formation , is the main cause of death in cancer patients , development of efficient anti - invasive agents is an important research challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to obtain more potent inhibitors , a series of brartemicin analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against invasion .", "entity": [{"entity": "brartemicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the synthetic analogs tested , DMBT , 6 , 6 ' - bis ( 2 , 3 - dimethoxybenzoyl ) - a , a - d - trehalose , was found to be the most potent anti - invasive agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "6 , 6 ' - bis ( 2 , 3 - dimethoxybenzoyl ) - a , a - d - trehalose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But the effects of DMBT on breast cancer cells were not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the effects of DMBT on invasion and metastasis in MDA - MB - 231 cells were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTT assay showed that no obvious inhibitory or cytotoxic effect of DMBT was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DMBT could inhibit invasion , migration and tube formation of HUVECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin zymography showed that DMBT inhibited secretion and activity of MMP - 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blotting demonstrated that DMBT effectively suppressed the expression of VEGF , p - VEGFR - 2 , p - EGFR , and p - Akt .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that DMBT could inhibit invasion and angiogenesis by downregulation of VEGFand MMP - 9 , resulting from the inhibition of Akt pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DMBT might be a promising lead molecule for the anti - metastasis and serve as a therapeutic agent to inhibit breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMBT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles : An efficient formulation approach for cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SCOPE : To evaluate curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ( C - SLNs ) in the experimental paradigm of cerebral ischemia ( BCCAO model ) in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Oral administration of free curcumin and C - SLNs ( 25 and 50mg / kg ) was started 5days prior and continued for 3days after BCCAO .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alleviation in behavioral , oxidative and nitrosative stress , acetylcholinesterase , mitochondrial enzyme complexes , and physiological parameters were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confirmation of effective brain delivery of C - SLNs ( p . o ) was done using biodistribution studies in mice and confocal microscopy of rat brain section .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was an improvement of 90 % in cognition and 52 % inhibition of acetylcholinesterase versus cerebral ischemic group ( I / R ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurological scoring improved by 79 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of superoxide dismutase , catalase , glutathione , and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities were significantly increased , while lipid peroxidation , nitrite , and acetylcholinesterase levels decreased ( p < 0 . 05 ) after C - SLNs administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is noteworthy to report the restoration of SOD , GSH , catalase , and mitochondrial complex enzyme levels equivalent to sham control values .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma - scintigraphic studies show 16 . 4 and 30 times improvement in brain bioavailability ( AUC ) upon oral and i . v administration of C - SLNs versus solubilized curcumin ( C - S ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Study indicates protective role of curcumin against cerebral ischemic insult ; provided it is packaged suitably for improved brain delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroids excreted in urine by neonates with 21 - hydroxylase deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization , using GC - MS and GC - MS / MS , of 11oxo - pregnanes and 11oxo - pregnenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "11oxo - pregnanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 72]}, {"entity": "11oxo - pregnenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 21 - hydroxylase deficiency , urinary metabolites of 21 - deoxycortisol , mainly derived from its 11oxo form 21 - deoxycortisone , are indicators of intra - adrenal overproduction of 17 - hydroxyprogesterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - deoxycortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 74]}, {"entity": "11oxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "21 - deoxycortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "17 - hydroxyprogesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In affected neonates these metabolites are numerous and most have not been previously described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work forms the concluding part of a comprehensive study of urinary steroids , aiming to enhance the diagnosis of this disorder and to further elucidate steroid metabolism in neonates .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortisol metabolites found in untreated patients , similarly almost exclusively present in their 11oxo form in neonates , have been included for completeness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "11oxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroids were analyzed , after extraction and enzymatic conjugate hydrolysis , as methyloxime - trimethylsilyl ether derivatives on gas - chromatographs coupled to quadrupole and ion - trap mass - spectrometers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "methyloxime - trimethylsilyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GC - MS and GC - MS / MS spectra were used together to determine the structure of hitherto undescribed 11oxo - pregnane ( enes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "11oxo - pregnane ( enes )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few GC - MS features were associated with the presence of the non - derivatizeable 11oxo group in pregnane ( ene ) s .", "entity": [{"entity": "11oxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "pregnane ( ene ) s", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GC - MS / MS contributed only to the characterization of structures outside the C - ring , as described in the preceding parts of this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [1, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parallels were found between the metabolism of 21 - deoxycortisone and cortisone .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - deoxycortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 66]}, {"entity": "cortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major metabolic pathway was that of classical 3 alpha , 5 beta - reduction with a prominent further hydroxylation , predominantly at C6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of the 6 - hydroxyl was also common .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that further oxygenated metabolites of 21 - deoxycortisone have potential as more reliable markers of 21 - hydroxylase deficiency in the early neonatal period , because their levels are higher during that period of life than for the classical marker 11oxo - pregnanetriol .", "entity": [{"entity": "21 - deoxycortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "11oxo - pregnanetriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo assessment of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The direct killing of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes ( CTLs ) plays a fundamental role in protective immunity to viral , bacterial , protozoan and fungi infections , as well as to tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo cytotoxic assays take into account the interaction of target and effector cells in the context of the proper microenvironment making the analysis biologically more relevant than in vitro cytotoxic assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the development , improvement and validation of in vivo methods are necessary in view of the importance of the results they may provide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe and discuss in this manuscript a method to evaluate in vivo specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used as model system mice immunized with human recombinant replication - deficient adenovirus 5 ( HAd5 ) containing different transgenes as the trigger of a CTL - mediated immune response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To these mice , we adoptively transferred syngeneic cells labeled with different vital fluorescent dyes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donor cells were pulsed ( target ) or not ( control non - target ) with distinct CD8 T - cell epitopes , mixed in a 1 : 1 ratio and injected i . v . into immunized or non - immunized recipient mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 18 - 24h , spleen cells are collected and analysed by flow cytometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A deviation from the 1 : 1 ratio of control and target cell populations indicates antigen specific lysis of target cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein nitration promotes inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription mediated by NF - kappa B in high glucose - stimulated human lens epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although an important event in hyperglycaemia - induced oxidative stress is the nuclear factor - kappa b ( NF - kappa B ) - activated inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) expression , the underlying mechanism is not fully characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peroxynitrite , formed from NO and superoxide , can induce multiple proteins nitration , even including NF - kappa B and iNOS , to alter their functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we found high glucose caused conspicuous nitration of nuclear NF - kappa B p65 and its co - activator p300 in human lens epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nitration of NF - kappa B and p300 promoted their co - localization and binding to ensure the activation of the iNOS gene transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , nearly all predicted NF - kappa B binding sites in the human iNOS gene promoter were responsive to high glucose stimulation , might for a synergistic role .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While , only the NF - kappa B binding site - 5212 showed significant alterations by high glucose and peroxynitrite stimulations , indicating it a more important role in the protein nitration promoted iNOS gene transcription .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "peroxynitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrated that protein nitration can promote the NF - kappa B - activated iNOS gene transcription in human lens epithelial cells by high glucose stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of serum on diesel exhaust particles ( DEP ) - induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with chronic airway diseases may be more susceptible to adverse effects of air pollutants including diesel exhaust particles ( DEP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated effects of foetal calf serum ( FCS ) on DEP - induced changes in airway epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEP ( 50 - 200 mu g / ml ) increased A549 cell viability in the absence of FCS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of 3 . 3 % FCS , DEP ( 50 - 400 mu g / ml ) decreased A549 cell viability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - acetylcysteine ( NAC , 33 mM ) and the c - jun N - terminal kinase ( JNK ) inhibitor ( SP600125 , 33 mu M ) further decreased the viability in the presence of DEP ( 200 mu g / ml ) and 3 . 3 % FCS .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "SP600125", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under serum - free ( SF ) condition , DEP ( 50 mu g / ml ) reduced apoptotic cells ; however , when 3 . 3 % FCS added to the culture medium , this effect was abolished .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEP ( 200 mu g / ml ) induced mRNA expression of p21 ( CIP1 / WAF1 ) both in absence or presence of 3 . 3 % FCS and enhanced JNK2 mRNA expression only in the presence of 3 . 3 % FCS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under SF condition , DEP ( 50 mu g / ml ) induced mRNA expression for p27 and p53 , whereas cyclin E mRNA expression was inhibited by DEP ( 50 and 200 mu g / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , DEP ( 200 mu g / ml ) decreased the release of interleukin ( IL ) - 8 in the absence of FCS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , FCS modulates effects of DEP on cell death , cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins , and IL - 8 release by activating oxidant stress pathways , JNK and NF - kappa B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extravasation of serum , as occurs in the inflamed airways of patients with chronic airway diseases such as asthma and COPD , may render airway epithelial cells more susceptible to the deleterious effects of DEP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropeptide S enhances memory and mitigates memory impairment induced by MK801 , scopolamine or A beta 1 - 42 in mice novel object and object location recognition tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropeptide S ( NPS ) , the endogenous ligand of NPSR , has been shown to promote arousal and anxiolytic - like effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the predominant distribution of NPSR in brain tissues associated with learning and memory , NPS has been reported to modulate cognitive function in rodents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the role of NPS in memory formation , and determined whether NPS could mitigate memory impairment induced by selective N - methyl - d - aspartate receptor antagonist MK801 , muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine or A beta 1 - 42 in mice , using novel object and object location recognition tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - d - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 168]}, {"entity": "MK801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 194]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracerebroventricular ( i . c . v . ) injection of 1 nmol NPS 5 min after training not only facilitated object recognition memory formation , but also prolonged memory retention in both tasks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improvement of object recognition memory induced by NPS could be blocked by the selective NPSR antagonist SHA 68 , indicating pharmacological specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "SHA 68", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , we found that i . c . v . injection of NPS reversed memory disruption induced by MK801 , scopolamine or A beta 1 - 42 in both tasks .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , our results indicate that NPS facilitates memory formation and prolongs the retention of memory through activation of the NPSR , and mitigates amnesia induced by blockage of glutamatergic or cholinergic system or by A beta 1 - 42 , suggesting that NPS / NPSR system may be a new target for enhancing memory and treating amnesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antivenom for snakebite envenoming in Sri Lanka : The need for geographically specific antivenom and improved efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sri Lanka is a tropical developing island nation that endures significant economic and medical burden as a result of snakebite envenomation , having not only a high prevalence of envenomations , but also one of the highest incidence rates ( 200 snakebites / 100 , 000 people / year ) of venomous snakebite in the world ( Kasturiratne et al . , 2005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ironically , the very snakes responsible for this human morbidity and mortality are a valuable a biomedical and ecological national resource , despite the medical and economic consequences of envenomation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , no snake antivenom is produced using venoms from native Sri Lankan snakes as immunogens , and there is a true need for an efficacious Sri Lanka , poly - specific snake antivenom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An approach to fulfilling this need via combining the scientific , technological and economical resources from Costa Rica and the United States with the knowledge and talent of Sri Lankan official governmental agencies , legal counsels , environmental , medical and veterinary academic institutions , and religious and cultural leaders has been initiated , coordinated and funded by Animal Venom Research International ( AVRI ) , a nonprofit charity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This bridging of nations and the cooperative pooling of their resources represents a potential avenue for antivenom development in a developing country that suffers the consequences of few specific resources for the medical management of venomous snakebite .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The desired final outcome of such an endeavor for Sri Lanka is , most importantly , improved medical outcomes for snakebite patients , with enhanced and expanded science and technology relating to snake venoms and antivenoms , and the collateral benefits of reduced economic cost for the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In chemico evaluation of prohapten skin sensitizers : behavior of 2 - methoxy - 4 - ( (1) (3) C ) methylphenol in the peroxidase peptide reactivity assay ( PPRA ) as an alternative to animal testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methoxy - 4 - ( (1) (3) C ) methylphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In chemico methods , based on the assessment of a hapten ' s reactivity toward peptides , have been proposed as alternative methods for the assessment of the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , even with these approaches showing promise , a major drawback is the activation of prohaptens , i . e . molecules needing a metabolic activation to become reactive and therefore sensitizing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been proposed to couple an enzymatic activation step based on horseradish peroxidase ( HRP ) / hydrogen peroxide to such peptide reactivity assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate this approach , the behavior of 2 - methoxy - 4 - methylphenol ( 2M4MP ) , reported as a moderate sensitizer according to the Local Lymph Node Assay ( LLNA ) , has been investigated in this assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methoxy - 4 - methylphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 74]}, {"entity": "2M4MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To follow the reaction with the peptides and characterize more easily intermediates and adducts , the molecule was first ( 13 ) C isotopically substituted at the most probable reactive position .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When 2M4MP was incubated with HRP / H2O2 in a mixture PBS ( pH 7 . 4 , 0 . 1M ) / acetonitrile 2 : 1 , two main products were formed deriving from the formation of a quinone methide 2M4MQ subsequently trapped by either H2O2 or H2O to form a benzylic hydroperoxide or alcohol , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "2M4MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "2M4MQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 223]}, {"entity": "H2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}, {"entity": "benzylic hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 263]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When nucleophiles such as GSH or a peptide containing a cysteine residue ( Pep - Cys ) were present in the reaction medium , the quinone methide 2M4MQ was trapped by the more nucleophilic thiol function to form thio - adducts .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "2M4MQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 193]}, {"entity": "thio", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No modifications of 2M4MP were observed when the same reactions were carried out without HRP confirming that the activation of the molecule was enzyme related .", "entity": [{"entity": "2M4MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino nucleophiles were shown to be far less reactive towards the quinone methide 2M4MQ with only tiny formation of adducts with lysine or arginine side chains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "2M4MQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 135]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition we demonstrated that the same enzymatic activation could also take place in a microemulsion based on sodium dodecyl sulfate / tert - butanol / chloroform / buffer .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 135]}, {"entity": "tert - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which metabolites circulate ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of the circulating metabolites for a new chemical entity in humans is essential for safety assessment , an understanding of their contributions to pharmacologic activities , and their potential involvement in drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review examines the abundance of metabolites relative to the total parent drug [ metabolite - to - parent ( M / P ) ratio ] from 125 drugs in relation to their structural and physicochemical characteristics , lipoidal permeability , protein binding , and fractional formation from parent ( fm ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis suggests that fm is the major determinant of total drug M / P ratio for amine , alcohol , N - and S - oxide , and carboxylic acid metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "N - and S - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Passage from the hepatocyte to systemic circulation does not appear to be limiting owing to the vast majority of metabolites formed being relatively lipid permeable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some cases , active transport plays an important role in this process ( e . g . , carboxylic acid metabolites ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differences in total parent drug clearance and metabolite clearance are attenuated by the reduction in lipophilicity introduced by the metabolic step and resultant compensatory changes in unbound clearance and protein binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small subclass of these drugs ( e . g . , terfenadine ) is unintentional prodrugs with very high parent drug clearance , resulting in very high M / P ratios .", "entity": [{"entity": "terfenadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , arenol metabolites show a more complex relationship with fm due largely to the new metabolic routes ( conjugation ) available to the metabolite compared with the parent drug molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "arenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For these metabolites , a more thorough understanding of the elimination clearance of the metabolite is critical to discern the likelihood of whether the phenol will constitute a major circulating metabolite .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternariol induces abnormal nuclear morphology and cell cycle arrest in murine RAW 264 . 7 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alternariol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mycotoxin alternariol ( AOH ) , a frequent contaminant in fruit and cereal products , is known to induce DNA damage with subsequent cell cycle arrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "alternariol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we elucidated the effects of AOH on stages of cell cycle progression using the RAW 264 . 7 macrophage model .", "entity": [{"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AOH resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2 / M - phase ( 4N ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most cells exhibited a large G2 nucleus whereas numbers of true mitotic cells were reduced relative to control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cyclin B1 and p - cdc2 levels increased , while cyclin B1 remained in the cytoplasm ; suggesting arrest in the G2 / M transition point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , after exposure to AOH for 24h , most of the cells exhibited abnormally shaped nuclei , as evidenced by partly divided nuclei , nuclear blebs , polyploidy and micronuclei ( MN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AOH treatment also induced abnormal Aurora B bridges , suggesting that cytokinesis was interfered within cells undergoing karyokinesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A minor part of the resultant G1 tetraploid ( 4N ) cells re - entered the S - phase and progressed to 8N cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pH - sensitive nanocargo based on smart polymer functionalized graphene oxide for site - specific drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene oxide ( GO ) was functionalized covalently with pH - sensitive poly ( 2 - ( diethylamino ) ethyl methacrylate ) ( PDEA ) by surface - initiated in situ atom transfer radical polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "poly ( 2 - ( diethylamino ) ethyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 120]}, {"entity": "PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the PDEA - grafted GO ( GO - PDEA ) were examined by Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy , proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy , thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDEA - grafted GO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "GO - PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The grafted PDEA endowed the GO sheets with good solubility and stability in physiological solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simple physisorption by pi - pi stacking and hydrophobic interactions on GO - PDEA can be used to load camptothecin ( CPT ) , a widely used water - insoluble cancer drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO - PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loaded CPT was released only at the lower ( acidic ) pH normally found in a tumor environment but not in basic and neutral pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GO - PDEA did not show practical toxicity to N2a cancer cells but the GO - PDEA - CPT complex exhibited high potency in killing N2a cancer cells in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO - PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "GO - PDEA - CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the GO - PDEA nanocargo carrier might be a promising material for site - specific anticancer drug delivery and controlled release .", "entity": [{"entity": "GO - PDEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Revised conformational assignments and conformational evolution of tyrosine by laser desorption supersonic jet laser spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of conformers and their structures of tyrosine are reassigned on the basis of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization ( REMPI ) , ultraviolet - ultraviolet hole burning ( UV - UV HB ) , infrared ( IR ) dip spectra , and quantum chemical calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From comparison between REMPI and UV - UV HB spectra , it was found that 12 conformers coexist in the supersonic jet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these conformers are determined by the IR spectra and theoretical calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of conformers is more than that reported in the previous reports ( 8 conformers ) , and is rationalized by the systematic formation of conformers from simpler molecules without substituents , just like evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of dipole - dipole interaction between an amino - acid chain and hydroxyl group at the benzene ring was also discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant B - RAF - Mcl - 1 survival signaling depends on the STAT3 transcription factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 50 % of melanomas depend on mutant B - RAF for proliferation , metastasis and survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of oncogenic B - RAF with highly targeted compounds has produced remarkable albeit short - lived clinical responses in B - RAF mutant melanoma patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactivation of signaling downstream of B - RAF is frequently associated with acquired resistance to B - RAF inhibitors , and the identification of B - RAF targets may provide new strategies for managing melanoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oncogenic B - RAF ( V600E ) is known to promote the stabilizing phosphorylation of the anti - apoptotic protein Mcl - 1 , implicated in melanoma survival and chemoresistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now show that B - RAF ( V600E ) signaling also induces the transcription of Mcl - 1 in melanocytes and melanoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that activation of STAT3 serine - 727 and tyrosine - 705 phosphorylations is promoted by B - RAF ( V600E ) activity and that the Mcl - 1 promoter is dependent on a STAT consensus - site for B - RAF - mediated activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , suppression of STAT3 activity disrupted B - RAF ( V600E ) - mediated induction of Mcl - 1 and reduced melanoma cell survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that STAT3 has a central role in the survival and contributes to chemoresistance of B - RAF ( V600E ) melanoma . Oncogene advance online publication , 4 March 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2013 . 45 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active silver nanoparticles for wound healing .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this preliminary study , the silver nanoparticle ( Ag NP ) - based dressing , Acticoat (TM) Flex 3 , has been applied to a 3D fibroblast cell culture in vitro and to a real partial thickness burn patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro results show that Ag NPs greatly reduce mitochondrial activity , while cellular staining techniques show that nuclear integrity is maintained , with no signs of cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first time , transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP - MS ) analyses were carried out on skin biopsies taken from a single patient during treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that Ag NPs are released as aggregates and are localized in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No signs of cell death were observed , and the nanoparticles had different distributions within the cells of the upper and lower dermis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depth profiles of the Ag concentrations were determined along the skin biopsies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the healed sample , most of the silver remained in the surface layers , whereas in the unhealed sample , the silver penetrated more deeply .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ag concentrations in the cell cultures were also determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical observations and experimental data collected here are consistent with previously published articles and support the safety of Ag NP - based dressing in wound treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of the abuse liability of ABT - 288 , a novel histamine H3 receptor antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Histamine H3 receptor antagonists , such as ABT - 288 , have been shown to possess cognitive - enhancing and wakefulness - promoting effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the surface , this might suggest that H3 antagonists possess psychomotor stimulant - like effects and , as such , may have the potential for abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of the present study was to further characterize whether ABT - 288 possesses stimulant - like properties and whether its pharmacology gives rise to abuse liability .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The locomotor - stimulant effects of ABT - 288 were measured in mice and rats , and potential development of sensitization was addressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug discrimination was used to assess amphetamine - like stimulus properties , and drug self - administration was used to evaluate reinforcing effects of ABT - 288 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential development of physical dependence was also studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : ABT - 288 lacked locomotor - stimulant effects in both rats and mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated administration of ABT - 288 did not result in cross - sensitization to the stimulant effects of d - amphetamine in mice , suggesting that there is little overlap in circuitries upon which the two drugs interact for motor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABT - 288 did not produce amphetamine - like discriminative stimulus effects in drug discrimination studies nor was it self - administered by rats trained to self - administer cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no signs of physical dependence upon termination of repeated administration of ABT - 288 for 30 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The sum of these preclinical data , the first of their kind applied to H3 antagonists , indicates that ABT - 288 is unlikely to possess a high potential for abuse in the human population and suggests that H3 antagonists , as a class , are similar in this regard .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABT - 288", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized templates for bottom - up growth of high - performance integrated biomolecular detectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrochemical deposition of metals represents an important approach in the bottom - up fabrication of nanostructures and microstructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used this approach to generate high - performance chip - based biosensors using silicon as a platform for the generation of sensor arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we explore the applicability of different materials to support the electrodeposition and identify the parameters that are essential for robust sensor growth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that inexpensive materials can be used as templates for electrodeposition , and demonstrate that these low - cost sensors exhibit clinically - relevant levels of sensitivity and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , we prove herein that the glass - based sensors successfully detect E . coli in urine , when present at the 100 cfu mu L ( - 1 ) levels found typically in samples of patients with urinary tract infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current self - complianced and self - rectifying resistive switching in Ag - electroded single Na - doped ZnO nanowires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate current self - complianced and self - rectifying bipolar resistive switching in an Ag - electroded Na - doped ZnO nanowire device .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 116]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resistive switching is controlled by the formation and rupture of an Ag nanoisland chain on the surface along the Na - doped ZnO nanowire .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Na - doping plays important roles in both the self - compliance and self - rectifying properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesenchymal stem cells secretome : a new paradigm for central nervous system regeneration ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The low regeneration potential of the central nervous system ( CNS ) represents a challenge for the development of new therapeutic strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) have been proposed as a possible therapeutic tool for CNS disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to their differentiation potential , it is well accepted nowadays that their beneficial actions can also be mediated by their secretome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , it was already demonstrated , both in vitro and in vivo , that MSCs are able to secrete a broad range of neuroregulatory factors that promote an increase in neurogenesis , inhibition of apoptosis and glial scar formation , immunomodulation , angiogenesis , neuronal and glial cell survival , as well as relevant neuroprotective actions on different pathophysiological contexts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering their protective action in lesioned sites , MSCs ' secretome might also improve the integration of local progenitor cells in neuroregeneration processes , opening a door for their future use as therapeutical strategies in human clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in this review we analyze the current understanding of MSCs secretome as a new paradigm for the treatment of CNS neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hazardous effects of the three natural food dyes on developmental stages and longevity of Drosophila melanogaster .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , food dyes obtained from herbal , animal , microbial and mineral sources are widely used as food additives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the toxic effects of three different natural food dyes ( carmine , turmeric and annatto ) on 72 +/- 4 h larvae of Oregon - R wild type of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , four different application doses ( 50 , 75 , 100 , 125 mg mL ( - 1 ) ) were chosen by means of preliminary studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was determined that larval mortality increased with increasing concentration in the application groups and the toxicity order was carmine > turmeric > annatto .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that the survival rate was highest in the control with 98 % and lowest in 125 mg mL ( - 1 ) carmine with 16 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the average lifespan of the adult individuals obtained from third instar larvae was also studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the average lifespan was 40 . 88 +/- 1 . 44 days in the control group , these values were 10 . 81 +/- 0 . 55 - 23 . 90 +/- 1 . 27 days in the carmine group , 15 . 00 +/- 0 . 80 - 22 . 42 +/- 1 . 43 days in the turmeric group and 10 . 33 +/- 1 . 03 - 35 . 68 +/- 1 . 54 days in the annatto group , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the obtained results , when both the developmental period from larvae into adults and the lifespan of the developing adults were compared with the control group , the food dyes were found to be toxic and the toxicity order of carmine > turmeric > annatto was identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Which density functional is close to CCSD accuracy to describe geometry and interaction energy of small non - covalent dimers ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A benchmark study using gaussian09 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A benchmark study on all possible density functional theory ( DFT ) methods in Gaussian09 is done to locate functionals that agree well with CCSD / aug - cc - pVTZ geometry and Ave - CCSD ( T ) / ( Q - T ) interaction energy ( Eint ) for small non - covalently interacting molecular dimers in \" dispersion - dominated \" ( class 1 ) , \" dipole - induced dipole \" ( class 2 ) , and \" dipole - dipole \" ( class 3 ) classes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DFT method is recommended acceptable if the geometry showed close agreement to CCSD result ( RMSD < 0 . 045 ) and Eint was within 80 - 120 % accuracy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among 382 tested functionals , 1 - 46 % gave good geometry , 13 - 44 % gave good Eint , while 1 - 33 % satisfied geometry and energy criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further screening to locate the best performing functionals for all the three classes was made by counting the acceptable values of energy and geometry given by each functionals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The meta - generalized gradient approximation ( GGA ) functional M06L was the best performer with total 14 hits ; seven acceptable energies and seven acceptable geometries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was the only functional \" recommended \" for at least two dimers in each class .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functionals M05 , B2PLYPD , B971 , mPW2PLYPD , PBEB95 , and CAM - B3LYP gave 11 hits while PBEhB95 , PW91B95 , Wb97x , BRxVP86 , BRxP86 , HSE2PBE , HSEh1PBE , PBE1PBE , PBEh1PBE , and PW91TPSS gave 10 hits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these , M05 , B971 , mPW2PLYPD , Wb97x , and PW91TPSS were among the \" recommended \" list of at least one dimer from each class .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - range correction ( LC ) of Hirao and coworkers to exchange - correlation functionals showed massive improvement in geometry and Eint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best performing LC - functionals were LC - G96KCIS and LC - PKZBPKZB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results predict that M06L is the most trustworthy DFT method in Gaussian09 to study small non - covalently interacting systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unusual amino acids and monofluoroacetate from Dichapetalum michelsonii ( Umutambasha ) , a toxic plant from Rwanda .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "monofluoroacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the course of our investigations on Umutambasha in order to identify its convulsant principles , small quantities of monofluoroacetate were observed in stem bark , leaves , and fruits of this plant newly identified as Dichapetalum michelsonii Hauman .", "entity": [{"entity": "monofluoroacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusive evidence for a monofluoroacetate presence came from its isolation from the freeze - dried extract of stem bark .", "entity": [{"entity": "monofluoroacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three free unusual amino acids , named N - methyl - alpha - alanine , N - methyl - beta - alanine , and 2 , 7 - diaminooctan - 1 , 8 - dioic acid , described for the first time in a plant , and known trigonelline were also isolated from the stem bark of D . michelsonii .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - alpha - alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 67]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - beta - alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 97]}, {"entity": "2 , 7 - diaminooctan - 1 , 8 - dioic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 145]}, {"entity": "trigonelline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure elucidations were mainly achieved by spectroscopic methods ( 1H - NMR , 2D - NMR , MS ) and by comparison with authentic references .", "entity": [{"entity": "1H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These unusual amino acids were detected by a fast , reliable TLC analysis in all our batches of Umutambasha , suggesting that they could be used for identification purposes in case of human or livestock intoxications .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , EEG recordings and behavioural observations performed in mice suggested that the convulsive patterns produced by Umutambasha are the consequence of monofluoroacetate presence in D . michelsonii .", "entity": [{"entity": "monofluoroacetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robust Synthesis of Gold Cubic Nanoframes through a Combination of Galvanic Replacement , Gold Deposition , and Silver Dealloying .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A facile , robust approach to the synthesis of Au cubic nanoframes is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis involves three major steps : 1 ) preparation of Au - Ag alloyed nanocages using a galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nanocubes and HAuCl4 ; 2 ) deposition of thin layers of pure Au onto the surfaces of the nanocages by reducing HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid , and ; 3 ) formation of Au cubic nanoframes through a dealloying process with HAuCl4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au - Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "HAuCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 200]}, {"entity": "HAuCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 254]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 273]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 301]}, {"entity": "HAuCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [353, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key to the formation of Au cubic nanoframes is to coat the surfaces of the Au - Ag nanocages with sufficiently thick layers of Au before they are dealloyed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "Au - Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Au layer could prevent the skeleton of a nanocage from being fragmented during the dealloying step .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The as - prepared Au cubic nanoframes exhibit tunable localized surface plasmon resonance peaks in the near - infrared region , but with much lower Ag content as compared with the initial Au - Ag nanocages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 150]}, {"entity": "Au - Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prenatal bisphenol a exposure alters sex - specific estrogen receptor expression in the neonatal rat hypothalamus and amygdala .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphenol A ( BPA ) exposure is ubiquitous , and in laboratory animals , early - life BPA exposure has been shown to alter sex - specific neural organization , neuroendocrine physiology , and behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific mechanisms underlying these brain - related outcomes , however , remain largely unknown , constraining the capacity to ascertain the potential human relevance of neural effects observed in animal models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the perinatal rat brain , estrogen is masculinizing , suggesting that BPA - induced perturbation of estrogen receptor ( ESR ) expression may underpin later in - life neuroendocrine effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that prenatal BPA exposure alters sex - specific ESR1 ( ER alpha ) and ESR2 ( ER beta ) expression in postnatal limbic nuclei .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague Dawley rats were mated and gavaged on gestational days ( GDs ) 6 - 21 with vehicle , 2 . 5 or 25 mu g / kg bw / day BPA , or 5 or 10 mu g / kg bw / day ethinyl estradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "ethinyl estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An additional group was restrained but not gavaged ( na i ve control ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Offspring were sacrificed the day after birth to quantify ESR gene expression throughout the hypothalamus and amygdala by in situ hybridization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative to the vehicle group , significant effects of BPA were observed on ESR1 and ESR2 expression throughout the mediobasal hypothalamus and amygdala in both sexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences in ESR expression were also observed in the mediobasal hypothalamus and amygdala of the na i ve control group compared with the vehicle group , highlighting the potential for gavage to influence gene expression in the developing brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that ESR expression in the neonatal brain of both sexes can be altered by low - dose prenatal BPA exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasensitive optical shape characterization of gold nanoantennas using second harmonic generation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanoantennas is investigated numerically using a surface integral formulation for the calculation of both the fundamental and the second harmonic electric field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comparison between a realistic and an idealized gold nanoantenna shows that second harmonic generation is extremely sensitive to asymmetry in the nanostructure shape even in cases where the linear response is barely modified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , minute geometry asymmetry and surface roughness are clearly revealed by far - field analysis , demonstrating that second harmonic generation is a promising tool for the sensitive optical characterization of plasmonic nanostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , defects located where the linear field is strong ( e . g . , in the antenna gap ) do not necessarily have the strongest impact on the second harmonic signal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellulose - ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid conjugates protect Mammalian cells from bacterial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellulose - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) conjugates were synthesized by the esterification of cellulose with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride ( EDTAD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 43]}, {"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 159]}, {"entity": "EDTAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new materials provided potent antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ( S . aureus , Gram - positive bacteria ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P . aeruginosa , Gram - negative bacteria ) , and inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biocompatibility of the new cellulose - EDTA conjugates was evaluated with mouse skin fibroblasts for up to 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEM observation and DNA content analysis suggested that the new materials sustained the viability of fibroblast cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in mouse skin fibroblast - bacteria co - culture systems , the new cellulose - EDTA conjugates prevented bacterial biofilm formation and protected the mammalian cells from the bacterial cells for at least one day .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High quality CdHgTe nanocrystals with strong near - infrared emission : relationship between composition and cytotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdHgTe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High quality CdHgTe quasi core / shell nanocrystals ( NCs ) were prepared via the one - step method .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdHgTe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between the composition , structure , and property was systematically investigated by the combination of X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) , inductively coupled plasma atomic emission ( ICP ) , and the photoluminescence ( PL ) measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantum yield ( QY ) was ~ 50 % when the feed ratio of Cd ( 2 + ) to Hg ( 2 + ) was equal to 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PL property was further polished , and the QY was improved to ~ 80 % through the variance of the prepared conditions such as the ratio of ligand to metal ion and HTe ( - ) to metal ion , pH value , and temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTe ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the cytotoxic effects of CdHgTe NCs were systematically studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdHgTe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that , for Cd0 . 21Hg0 . 79Te NCs , its quasi core / shell structure was very stable and little cadmium ions were released .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd0 . 21Hg0 . 79Te", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , such NCs showed little cytotoxicity and would find applications in tissue imaging or detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals by phosphoric Acid hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoric Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On account of their intriguing mechanical properties , low cost , and renewable nature , high - aspect - ratio cellulose nanocrystals ( CNCs ) are an attractive component for many nanomaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to hydrogen bonding between their surface hydroxyl groups , unmodified CNCs ( H - CNCs ) aggregate easily and are often difficult to disperse .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown here that on account of ionic repulsion between charged surface groups , slightly phosphorylated CNCs ( P - CNCs , average dimensions 31 +/- 14 x 316 +/- 127 nm , surface charge density = 10 . 8 +/- 2 . 7 mmol / kg cellulose ) , prepared by controlled hydrolysis of cotton with phosphoric acid , are readily dispersible and form stable dispersions in polar solvents such as water , dimethyl sulfoxide , and dimethylformamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 305]}, {"entity": "dimethyl sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [394, 412]}, {"entity": "dimethylformamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [419, 436]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermogravimetric analyses reveal that these P - CNCs exhibit a much higher thermal stability than partially sulfated CNCs ( S - CNCs ) , which are frequently employed , but suffer from limited thermal stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocomposites of an ethylene oxide - epichlorohydrin copolymer and H - CNCs , S - CNCs , and P - CNCs were prepared , and their mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "epichlorohydrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that P - CNCs offer a reinforcing capability that is comparable to that of H - CNCs or S - CNCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electronic transitions of protonated and deprotonated amino acids in aqueous solution in the region 145 - 300 nm studied by attenuated total reflection far - ultraviolet spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electronic transitions of 20 naturally occurring amino acids in aqueous solution were studied with attenuated total reflection far - ultraviolet ( ATR - FUV ) spectroscopy in the region from 145 to 300 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the measured ATR spectra of sample solutions , the FUV absorption spectra attributed to the amino acids were separated from the intense solvent absorption by using a modified Kramers - Kronig transformation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FUV absorption spectra of the amino acids reflect the protonation states of the backbone and side - chain structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contributions of the side chains to the spectra were also examined from the difference spectra subtracting the corresponding Gly spectrum from each spectrum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed spectra were compared mostly with the electronic transition studies of the molecular fragments of the amino acids in gas phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FUV spectra of the amino acids exhibited the intra - and intermolecular electronic interactions of the solute - solute as well as the solute - solvent , and those are essential factors to elucidate UV photochemical processes of the amino acids in aqueous solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perspectives offered by single - domain antibodies in clinical diagnostic of pediatric tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results accrued in the last few years have clearly showed that recombinant antibodies , and specifically single - domain antibodies , represent valid alternatives to conventional IgGs for in vivo imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It does not simply mean that antibody fragments can substitute full - length antibodies , but that they are substantially more suitable for some applications and can perform other functions for which no real alternative is available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain imaging with multi - functional probes is an evident example , but the promising results obtained with micro - PET and - SPECT in murine models could lead in short time to a revolutionary change in clinical diagnostics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brilliant applications of single - domain antibody - dependent imaging have enabled us to understand how the tracer mass and avidity can be engineered to modulate pharmacokinetic features such as clearance , tumor penetration , and binding affinity with the aim of optimizing specific responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of these reagents and the increasing interest for them is evidenced by the exponential growth of publications and the multiplication of the proposed applications in which they are used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review wishes to provide an update of this fast moving subject and to indicate what may be the next foreseeable technical progress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artificial neural network analysis of data from multiple in vitro assays for prediction of skin sensitization potency of chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to develop in vitro risk assessment systems for skin sensitization , it is important to predict a threshold from the murine local lymph node assay ( LLNA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We first confirmed that the combination of the human Cell Line Activation Test ( h - CLAT ) and the SH test improved the accuracy and sensitivity of prediction of LLNA data compared with each individual test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we assessed the mutual correlations among maximum amount of change of cell - surface thiols ( MAC value ) in the SH test , CV75 value ( concentration giving 75 % cell viability ) in a cytotoxicity assay , EC150 and EC200 values ( thresholds concentrations of CD86 and CD54 expression , respectively ) in h - CLAT and published LLNA thresholds of 64 chemicals .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results , we selected MAC value and the minimum of CV75 , EC150 ( CD86 ) and EC200 ( CD54 ) as descriptors for the input layer of an artificial neural network ( ANN ) system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ANN - predicted values were well correlated with reported LLNA thresholds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also found a correlation between the SH test and the peptide - binding assay used to evaluate hapten - protein complex formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , this model , which we designate as the \" iSENS ver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 \" , may be useful for risk assessment of skin sensitization potential of chemicals from in vitro test data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the impact drug - like properties have on the chance of success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many definitions of ' drug - like ' compound properties have been published ; based on the analysis of simple molecular properties of successful drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are typically presented as rules that define acceptable boundaries for these properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When a compound does not ' fit ' within these boundaries then its properties differ from those of the majority of drugs , which could indicate a higher risk of poor pharmacokinetics or safety outcomes in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review the strengths and weaknesses of these rules and note , in particular , that the overly rigid application of strict cut - off points can introduce artificial distinctions between similar compounds , running the risk of missing valuable opportunities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , compounds can be ranked according to their similarity to marketed drugs using a continuous measure of drug - likeness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , being similar to known drugs does not necessarily mean that a compound is more likely to become a drug and we demonstrate how a new approach , employing Bayesian methods , can be used to compare a set of successful drugs with a set of non - drug compounds to identify those properties that give the greatest distinction between the two sets , and hence the greatest increase in the likelihood of a compound becoming a successful drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This analysis further illustrates that guidelines for drug - likeness might not be generally applicable across all compound and target classes or therapeutic indications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it might be more appropriate to consider specific guidelines for drug - likeness that are project specific .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of a paraffin phase change material microencapsulated in a siloxane polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "siloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coemulsification method suitable for the formulation of microcapsules of n - eicosane coated with a polysiloxane is developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - eicosane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "polysiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method allows to synthesize core - shell microcapsules of paraffin which have the shape of spheres or distorted spheres and are designed for the use as phase change materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microcapsules are formed in aqueous phase by the precipitation of n - eicosane together with modified polyhydromethylsiloxane from a common solvent which is miscible with aqueous media .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - eicosane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "polyhydromethylsiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polysiloxane is modified by the attachment of silylvinyl and alkoxy functions before coemulsification with the paraffin .", "entity": [{"entity": "polysiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "silylvinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "alkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "paraffin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also contains the Pt ( 0 ) Karstedt catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt ( 0 ) Karstedt catalyst", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microcapsules formed by coemulsification are stabilized by the in situ cross - linking of the polysiloxane shell .", "entity": [{"entity": "polysiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The shell is additionally modified by the in situ generation of silanol groups which provide colloidal stabilization of microspheres in aqueous phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "silanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microcapsules were studied by DSC , SEM , optical polarized microscope , and by thermooptical analysis ( TOA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential surface properties of commercial crystalline telmisartan samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in surface chemistry of commercially available telmisartan ( TMS ) samples in Indian market and to correlate them to the surface molecular environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehensive characterization of material properties of four TMS samples from different sources showed that all samples exhibited same polymorphic form , but different particle shape , particle size distribution , surface energetics and surface chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wettability and surface free energy were determined using sessile drop contact angle technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TMS samples exhibited significant variations in their wetting behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of crystal shape , particle size distribution , surface energetics and surface chemistry in controlling TMS powder wettability was collectively explored by contact angle experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of work of adhesion ( Wa ) , immersion ( Wi ) and spreading ( Ws ) indicated that samples had differential wetting behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface chemistry was elucidated by X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface polarity index was determined by XPS and expressed as ( oxygen + nitrogen ) - to - ( carbon ) atomic concentration ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found to be different for all four TMS samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal morphology of TMS polymorph A was predicted using Bravais - Friedel Donnay - Harker ( BFDH ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular lipophilic surface potential ( MLSP ) data for TMS showed the varied surface lipophilic environment throughout the molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence it can be concluded that the differential abundance of surface elements play an important role in controlling the biopharmaceutical performance of TMS powder samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analytical chemistry , toxicology , epidemiology and health impact assessment of melamine in infant formula : Recent progress and developments .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the most recent scientific literature and regulations regarding analytical chemistry , toxicology , epidemiology , exposure , and risk assessment of melamine in infant formula .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For analyses , enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay , high - performance liquid chromatography , capillary electrophoresis , gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry have commonly been used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organization of proficiency test programs provided good evidence to facilitate granting laboratories accreditation and to ascertain the measurement reliability of melamine methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolic studies demonstrated that melamine is predominantly restricted to blood or extracellular fluid and is not extensively distributed to organs and tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of human renal histopathology and clinical diagnoses indicated that melamine - related obstructive nephropathy derives from melamine precipitation in the lower urinary tract , with stones that are thought to be melamine - uric acid complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 227]}, {"entity": "uric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiologic studies showed that the occurrence of melamine - related urolithiasis is related to both the concentration of melamine in ingested milk products and the duration of ingestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term follow - up cohort studies should be continued to further investigate the epidemic and chronic hazard of melamine - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "melamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The World Health Organization set a tolerable daily intake of 0 . 2mg / kgbw / day to be applied to \" the whole population including infants \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other authorities and research institutes have set / proposed lower values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential phosphoproteome of the striatum from pleiotrophin knockout and midkine knockout mice treated with amphetamine : Correlations with amphetamine - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neurotrophic factors pleiotrophin ( PTN ) and midkine ( MK ) have been shown to modulate amphetamine - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , PTN - / - and MK - / - mice show an increased vulnerability to amphetamine - induced neurotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an effort to uncover new pharmacological targets to prevent amphetamine neurotoxic effects , we have now used a proteomic approach to study protein phosphorylation , in which we combined phosphoprotein enrichment , by immobilized metal affinity chromatography ( IMAC ) , with two - dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry , in order to identify the phosphoproteins regulated in the striatum of PTN - / - , MK - / - and wild type ( WT ) mice treated with amphetamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [471, 482]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified 13 differentially expressed phosphoproteins that are judged to be relevant in the neuroprotective roles of PTN and MK against amphetamine - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is very interesting to note that 4 of these phosphoproteins , annexin A7 ( ANXA7 ) , COP9 signalosome subunit 5 ( COPS5 ) , aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 ( ALDH1A1 ) and creatine kinase U - type ( CKMT1 ) , are known to be involved in Parkinson ' s disease , a result of significant importance since PTN and MK have been also demonstrated to limit Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) progress and have been suggested to be among the important genetic factors possibly preventing the development of PD in methamphetamine abusers .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [512, 527]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data identify phosphoproteins differentially regulated by amphetamine treatment and / or the presence of endogenous PTN / MK which may be relevant mediators of PTN / MK neuroprotective effects against amphetamine - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data support further studies to validate the phosphoproteins here identified as possible new pharmacological targets to prevent amphetamine neurotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COMT Val158Met modulates subjective responses to intravenous nicotine and cognitive performance in abstinent smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catechol - O - methyltransferase ( COMT ) Val158Met polymorphism may be a risk factor for nicotine addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 16]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the influence of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on subjective , physiological and cognitive effects of intravenous ( IV ) nicotine use in African Americans ( AAs ; n = 56 ) and European Americans ( EAs ; n = 68 ) smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overnight abstinent smokers received saline followed by 0 . 5 and 1 . 0 mg per 70 kg doses of nicotine , administered 30 min apart .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smokers with valine ( Val ) / Val genotype , compared with methionine ( Met ) carriers , had greater negative subjective effects from IV nicotine and had more severe withdrawal severity following overnight abstinence from smoking .", "entity": [{"entity": "valine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women with Val / Val genotype reported greater difficulty concentrating and irritability than men with Val / Val or Met carrier genotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "Met", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Val / Val genotype was associated with better performance on the math task and in AA smokers it was associated with greater systolic blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support the rationale of pharmacologically inhibiting COMT to aid with smoking cessation among Val / Val genotype smokers . The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication , 5 March 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / tpj . 2013 . 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "Val", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exclusive skeletal muscle correction does not modulate dystrophic heart disease in the aged mdx model of Duchenne cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( DMD ) is characterized by severe degeneration and necrosis of both skeletal and cardiac muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While many experimental therapies have shown great promise in treating skeletal muscle disease , an effective therapy for Duchenne cardiomyopathy remains a challenge in large animal models and human patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current views on cardiac consequences of skeletal muscle - centered therapy are controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies performed in young adult mdx mice ( a mild DMD mouse model ) have yielded opposing results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since mdx mice do not develop dystrophic cardiomyopathy until >= 21 months of age , we reasoned that old mdx mice may represent a better model to assess the impact of skeletal muscle rescue on dystrophic heart disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we aged skeletal muscle - specific micro - dystrophin transgenic mdx mice to 23 months and examined the cardiac phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , transgenic mdx mice had minimal skeletal muscle disease and they also outperformed original mdx mice on treadmill running .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On cardiac examination , the dystrophin - null heart of transgenic mdx mice displayed severe cardiomyopathy matching that of non - transgenic mdx mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , both the strains showed similar heart fibrosis and cardiac function deterioration in systole and diastole .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac output and ejection fraction were also equally compromised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that skeletal muscle rescue neither aggravates nor alleviates cardiomyopathy in aged mdx mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings underscore the importance of treating both skeletal and cardiac muscles in DMD therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection of Mammalian Cells Using Block Copolypeptide Vesicles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An arginine - leucine block copolypeptide ( R60 L20 ) is synthesized , which is capable of forming vesicles with controllable sizes , able to transport hydrophilic cargo across the cell membrane , and exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The R60 L20 vesicles also possess the ability to deliver DNA into mammalian cells for transfection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the transfection efficiency is lower than that of the commercially available transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000 , the R60 L20 vesicles are able to achieve transfection with significantly lower cytotoxicity and immunogenicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lipofectamine 2000", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This behavior is potentially due to its stronger interaction with DNA which subsequently provides better protection against anionic heparin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buffer - Stable Chitosan - Polyglutamic Acid Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyglutamic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of their attractive features , widespread biomedical applications of CS nanoparticles are yet to be realized due to their poor stability in physiological conditions , such as in buffer system at pH 7 . 4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buffer - stable chitosan - based hybrid NPs ( HNPs ) are reported and characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buffer stability is achieved by introducing polyglutamic acid to chitosan .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of PGA to CS molar ratio and crosslinking on HNP integrity , buffer stability , and biodegradability are studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary in vitro studies are carried out to evaluate targeted uptake efficiency of folate conjugated HNPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Successful demonstration of buffer stability and cancer cell targeting by HNPs achieves important milestones for chitosan - based nanoparticle technology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ni ( II ) - NTA Modified Poly ( ethylene imine ) Glycopolymers : Physicochemical Properties and First In Vitro Study of Polyplexes Formed with HIV - Derived Peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( II ) - NTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Poly ( ethylene imine )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternative delivery entities are desirable in immunotherapies in which polyplexes are widely formed by electrostatic interactions to induce cellular uptake processes for bioactive molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , biocompatible Ni ( II ) - nitrilo ( triacetic acid ) - modified poly ( ethylene imine ) - maltose ( Ni - NTA - DG ) is realized and evaluated as complexation agent against His - tagged peptides using fluorescence polarization and dynamic light scattering .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( II ) - nitrilo ( triacetic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 67]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene imine ) - maltose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 112]}, {"entity": "Ni - NTA - DG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polyplexes are stable until a pH of 6 . 5 - 6 . 0 , and also up to 50 mM of imidazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A first uptake approach shows that polyplexes lead to an increase in peptide uptake in monocyte - derived immature dendritic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , Ni - NTA - DG represents a promising ( delivery ) platform for forthcoming in vitro applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni - NTA - DG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supramolecular cl . . . h and o . . . h interactions in self - assembled 1 , 5 - dichloroanthraquinone layers on au ( 111 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "h", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "o", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 31]}, {"entity": "h", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 39]}, {"entity": "1 , 5 - dichloroanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 102]}, {"entity": "au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of halogen bonds in self - assembled networks for systems with Br and I ligands has recently been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ) , which provides physical insight at the atomic scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we study the supramolecular interactions of 1 , 5 - dichloroanthraquinone molecules on Au ( 111 ) , including Cl ligands , by using STM .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 5 - dichloroanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 80]}, {"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different molecular structures of chevron and square networks are observed , and their molecular models are proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both molecular structures are stabilized by intermolecular Cl . . . H and O . . . H hydrogen bonds with marginal contributions from Cl - related halogen bonds , as revealed by density functional theory calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 83]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study shows that , in contrast to Br - and I - related halogen bonds , Cl - related halogen bonds weakly contribute to the molecular structure due to a modest positive potential ( sigma hole ) of the Cl ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissecting the relative contribution of OATP1B1 - mediated uptake of xenobiotics into human hepatocytes using siRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 plays a pivotal role in the disposition of many anionic drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant overlap in substrate specificity between individual OATP isoforms has hampered the identification of the relative importance of individual isoforms for hepatic uptake of xenobiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study focused on the use of siRNA technology to decrease OATP1B1 selectively in human hepatocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following delivery of siRNA by the novel lipid , AtuFECT01 , mRNA expression of OATP1B1 was reduced by 94 % - 98 % with no significant toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Off - target effects were also shown to be minimal as evidenced by the expression of common drug metabolizing enzymes , transporters , nuclear receptors and associated co - regulators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of estrone - 3 - sulfate ( 5 nM ) by OATP1B1 was reduced by 82 % - 95 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone - 3 - sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This methodology was subsequently used to assess the relative contribution of OATP1B1 uptake in human hepatocytes for olmesartan ( 42 % - 62 % ) , valsartan ( 28 % - 81 % ) , rosuvastatin ( 64 % - 72 % ) , pitavastatin ( 84 % - 98 % ) and lopinavir ( 64 % - 89 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "olmesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "pitavastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 218]}, {"entity": "lopinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data are consistent with previous values obtained using a relative activity factor approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The siRNA approach provides a robust and reproducible method for assessing the relative contribution of OATP1B1 to hepatic uptake of new chemical entities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The technique also has potential utility in facilitating detailed characterization of drug - drug interactions involving hepatic drug transporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of mixed ceramic Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O nanofibers via Mg2 + doping using sol - gel electrospinning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "Mg2 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on the synthesis of tuned energy band gap Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O nanofibers ( NFs ) with different Mg ( 2 + ) content via the sol - gel electrospinning ( ES ) technique wherein the addition of the doping material affects not only the morphologies of as - spun ZnAc / PVA and MgAc / ZnAc / PVA nanofibers but also the crystal microstructure and optical properties of calcined ZnO and Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O nanofibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 75]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "ZnAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 275]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 281]}, {"entity": "MgAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 290]}, {"entity": "ZnAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 297]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 303]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [386, 389]}, {"entity": "Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [394, 417]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following an appropriate aqueous solution preparation of magnesium acetate ( MgAc ) and zinc acetate ( ZnAc ) with poly ( vinyl alcohol ) ( PVA ) , electrospinning is performed and then as - spun nanofibers are calcined in an air atmosphere at 600 degrees C for 3 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "MgAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "zinc acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "ZnAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 137]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As - spun and calcined nanofiber diameters and morphologies are evaluated with scanning ( SEM ) and transmission ( TEM ) electron microscopies , whereas crystalline microstructural interpretations of ZnO and Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O are conducted with wide - angle X - ray diffraction spectra ( XRD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 203]}, {"entity": "Mg ( x ) Zn ( 1 - x ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface chemical composition and elemental evaluation of calcined nanofibers are examined with X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) , and optical properties and crystal defect analyses of the calcined nanofibers are conducted with photoluminescence spectra ( PL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observe a sharp reduction in fiber diameter upon calcination as a result of the removal of organic species from the fibers and conversion of ceramic precursors into ceramic nanofibers , and the appearance of a range of fiber morphologies from \" bead in a string \" to \" sesame seed \" coverage depending on fiber composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because Zn ( 2 + ) and Mg ( 2 + ) have similar ionicity and atomic radii , some Zn ( 2 + ) atoms are replaced by Mg ( 2 + ) atoms in the crystals , leading to a change in the properties of crystal lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The band gap energy of the calcined fibers increases significantly with addition of Mg ( 2 + ) along with an increase in the ultraviolet ( UV ) photoluminescence emission of the fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fengycin C Produced by Bacillus subtilis EA - CB0015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fengycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacillus subtilis EA - CB0015 was isolated from the phyllosphere of a banana plant and tested for its potential to produce bioactive compounds against Mycosphaerella fijiensis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a dual plate culture technique the cell - free supernatant of B . subtilis EA - CB0015 produced inhibition values of 89 +/- 1 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The active compounds were purified by solid - phase extraction and HPLC , and their primary structures determined using mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new fengycin isoform , fengycin C , with the amino acid sequence Glu - Orn - Tyr - Thr - Glu - Val - Pro - Gln - Thr - Ile was isolated .", "entity": [{"entity": "fengycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "fengycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Glu - Orn - Tyr - Thr - Glu - Val - Pro - Gln - Thr - Ile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptidic moiety differs from fengycin B at position 9 and from fengycin A at positions 6 and 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "fengycin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "fengycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The beta - hydroxy fatty acyl chain is connected to the N - terminal of the decapeptide and can be saturated or unsaturated , ranging from 14 to 18 carbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - hydroxy fatty acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 29]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 57]}, {"entity": "decapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - terminal residue of the peptidic moiety is linked to the tyrosine residue at position 3 , forming the branching point of the acyl peptide and the eight - membered cyclic lactone .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "cyclic lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlling spontaneous emission with plasmonic optical patch antennas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We experimentally demonstrate the control of the spontaneous emission rate and the radiation pattern of colloidal quantum dots deterministically positioned in a plasmonic patch antenna .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antenna consists of a thin gold microdisk separated from a planar gold layer by a few tens of nanometers thick dielectric layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The emitters are shown to radiate through the entire patch antenna in a highly directional and vertical radiation pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong acceleration of spontaneous emission is observed , depending on the antenna geometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the double dipole structure of the emitters , this corresponds to a Purcell factor up to 80 for dipoles perpendicular to the disk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Redox regulation of protein kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) have been long regarded as by - products of a cascade of reactions stemming from cellular oxygen metabolism , which , if they accumulate to toxic levels , can have detrimental effects on cellular biomolecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , more recently , the recognition of ROS as mediators of cellular communications has led to their classification as signalling mediators in their own right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prototypic redox - regulated targets downstream of ROS are the protein tyrosine phosphatases , and the wealth of research that has focused on this area has come to shape our understanding of how redox - signalling contributes to and facilitates protein tyrosine phosphorylation signalling cascades .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is becoming increasingly apparent that there is more to this system than simply the negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of redox - sensitive kinases such as Src led to the slow emergence of a role for redox regulation of tyrosine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A flow of evidence , which has increased exponentially in recent times as a result of the development of new methods for the detection of oxidative modifications , demonstrates that , by concurrent oxidative activation of tyrosine kinases , ROS fine tune the duration and amplification of the phosphorylation signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A more thorough understanding of the complex regulatory mechanism of redox - modification will allow targeting of both the production of ROS and their downstream effectors for therapeutic purposes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review assesses the most relevant recent literature that demonstrates a role for kinase regulation by oxidation , highlights the most significant findings and proposes future directions for this crucial area of redox biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitubercular diterpenoids from Vitex trifolia .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new halimane diterpenoid , 13 - hydroxy - 5 ( 10 ) , 14 - halimadien - 6 - one ( 1 ) and two new labdane diterpenoids , 6 alpha , 7 alpha - diacetoxy - 13 - hydroxy - 8 ( 9 ) , 14 - labdadien ( 2 ) and 9 - hydroxy - 13 ( 14 ) - labden - 15 , 16 - olide ( 3 ) , were isolated for the first time , along with fifteen known compounds , from the hexane soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Vitex trifolia leaves .", "entity": [{"entity": "halimane diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 26]}, {"entity": "13 - hydroxy - 5 ( 10 ) , 14 - halimadien - 6 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 80]}, {"entity": "labdane diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 119]}, {"entity": "6 alpha , 7 alpha - diacetoxy - 13 - hydroxy - 8 ( 9 ) , 14 - labdadien", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 193]}, {"entity": "9 - hydroxy - 13 ( 14 ) - labden - 15 , 16 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 254]}, {"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these new diterpenoids were elucidated by spectral analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their relative configurations were established using analysis of NOESY correlations and coupling constants observed in ( 1 ) H NMR .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 2 , 3 and another known diterpenoid , isoambreinolide ( 4 ) were evaluated for antitubercular activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "isoambreinolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 and 4 exhibited antitubercular activity ( MIC = 100 and 25 mu g / ml ) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in BACTEC - 460 assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aldehyde oxidase importance in vivo in xenobiotic metabolism : imidacloprid nitroreduction in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "imidacloprid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aldehyde oxidase ( AOX ) metabolizes many xenobiotics in vitro , but its importance in vivo is usually unknown relative to cytochrome P450s ( CYPs ) and other detoxification systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the most important insecticides are neonicotinoids , which are metabolized in vitro by AOX on reduction of the nitroimino group and by CYPs via oxidation reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "neonicotinoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "nitroimino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to establish the relative importance of AOX and CYPs in vivo using the mouse model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The procedure was to reduce liver AOX activity by providing tungsten or hydralazine in the drinking water or to use the AOX - deficient DBA / 2 mouse strain .", "entity": [{"entity": "tungsten", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "hydralazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of these approaches reduced CYP activity measured in vitro with an isozyme nonspecific substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver AOX activity was reduced by 45 % with tungsten and 61 % with hydralazine and 81 % in AOX - deficient mice relative to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "tungsten", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "hydralazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When mice were treated ip with the major neonicotinoid imidacloprid ( IMI ) , metabolism by CYP oxidation reactions was not appreciably affected , whereas the AOX - generated nitrosoguanidine metabolite was decreased by 30 % with tungsten and 56 % with hydralazine and 86 % in the AOX - deficient mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidacloprid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "nitrosoguanidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "tungsten", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 238]}, {"entity": "hydralazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other IMI nitroreduction metabolite , desnitro - IMI , was decreased by 55 % , 65 % , and 81 % with tungsten , hydralazine , and in the AOX - deficient mice , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "tungsten", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "hydralazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , decreasing liver AOX activity by three quite different procedures gave a corresponding decrease for in vivo reductive metabolites in the liver of IMI - treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible AOX involvement in IMI metabolism in insects was evaluated using AOX - expressing and AOX - deficient Drosophila , but no differences were found in IMI nitroreduction or sensitivity between the two strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "IMI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first study to establish the in vivo relevance of AOX in neonicotinoid metabolism in mammals and one of the first for xenobiotics in general .", "entity": [{"entity": "neonicotinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of membrane phospholipids , the cytosolic calcium influx and cell proliferation following treatment of B16 - F10 cells with recombinant phospholipase - D from Loxosceles intermedia ( brown spider ) venom .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism through which brown spiders ( Loxosceles genus ) cause dermonecrosis , dysregulated inflammatory responses , hemolysis and platelet aggregation , which are effects reported following spider bites , is currently attributed to the presence of phospholipase - D in the venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present investigation , through two - dimensional immunoblotting , we observed immunological cross - reactivity for at least 25 spots in crude Loxosceles intermedia venom , indicating high expression levels for different isoforms of phospholipase - D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a recombinant phospholipase - D from the venom gland of L . intermedia ( LiRecDT1 ) in phospholipid - degrading kinetic experiments , we determined that this phospholipase - D mainly hydrolyzes synthetic sphingomyelin in a time - dependent manner , generating ceramide 1 - phosphate plus choline , as well as lysophosphatidylcholine , generating lysophosphatidic acid plus choline , but exhibits little activity against phosphatidylcholine .", "entity": [{"entity": "sphingomyelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "ceramide 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 288]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 301]}, {"entity": "lysophosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 338]}, {"entity": "lysophosphatidic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 373]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [379, 386]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [426, 445]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through immunofluorescence assays with antibodies against LiRecDT1 and using a recombinant GFP - LiRecDT1 fusion protein , we observed direct binding of LiRecDT1 to the membrane of B16 - F10 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined that LiRecDT1 hydrolyzes phospholipids in detergent extracts and from ghosts of B16 - F10 cells , generating choline , indicating that the enzyme can access and modulate and has activity against membrane phospholipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , using Fluo - 4 , a calcium - sensitive fluorophore , it was shown that treatment of cells with phospholipase - D induced an increase in the calcium concentration in the cytoplasm , but without altering viability or causing damage to cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluo - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , based on the known endogenous activity of phospholipase - D as an inducer of cell proliferation and the fact that LiRecDT1 binds to the cell surface , hydrolyzing phospholipids to generate bioactive lipids , we employed LiRecDT1 as an exogenous source of phospholipase - D in B16 - F10 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of the cells was effective in increasing their proliferation in a time - and concentration - dependent manner , especially in the presence of synthetic sphingomyelin in the medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "sphingomyelin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results described herein indicate the ability of brown spider phospholipase - D to induce the generation of bioactive phospholipids , calcium influx into the cytoplasm and cell proliferation , suggesting that this molecule can be used as a bioactive tool for experimental protocols in cell biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of functionally relevant lysine residues that modulate human farnesoid x receptor activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Base amino acid lysine residues play an important role in regulation of nuclear receptors [ e . g . , farnesyl X receptor ( FXR ) ] , leading to enhanced or suppressed biologic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "farnesyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the molecular mechanisms and the subsequent effects in modulating FXR functions in diverse biologic processes , we individually replaced eight highly conserved lysine residues of human FXR ( hFXR ) with arginine .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of each mutated FXR on target gene activation , subcellular localization , protein - protein association , and protein - DNA interaction were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results demonstrated that K122R , K210R , K339R , and K460R mutants of hFXR significantly impaired target gene [ organic solute transporter alpha / beta and bile salt export pump ( BSEP ) ] promoter reporter activity in a ligand - dependent fashion .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the four mutants affected the nuclear localization of FXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein interaction studies show that K210R slightly but significantly decreased FXR / retinoid X receptor ( RXR ) binding affinity but enhanced the interaction of FXR with lysine methyltransferase Set7 / 9 by ~ 21 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "K460R decreased the FXR interaction with Set7 / 9 by ~ 45 % but had no significant effects on interaction with RXR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that hFXR - K210R and - K339R reduced the protein - DNA ( IR1 element at hBSEP promoter ) binding affinity by ~ 80 and ~ 90 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational - based protein modeling studies were consistent with these results and provided further insights into the potential underlying mechanisms responsible for these results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , four highly conserved lysine residues of hFXR , K122 , K210 , K339 , and K460 , have been identified that play a critical role in FXR target gene regulation and molecular interaction ( protein - protein and protein - DNA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR - based metabonomic in hippocampus , nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of methamphetamine - sensitized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1 ) H NMR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the changes of cerebral metabolites in brain hippocampus , nucleus accumbens ( NAC ) and prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) of the rats subjected to subcutaneous twice - daily injections of 2 . 5mg / kg methamphetamine ( MAP ) for 7 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 261]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that MAP exposure induced significant behavioral sensitization and altered cerebral metabolites in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neurotransmitters glutamate , glutamine and GABA significantly decreased in hippocampus , NAC and PFC .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , increased succinic acid semialdehyde , a metabolism product of GABA , was observed in hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinic acid semialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 51]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , decreased serotonin was observed in both NAC and PFC , whereas decreased dopamine was only observed in NAC after repeated MAP treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione obviously decreased in above brain regions , whereas acetylcysteine declined in hippocampus and NAC , and taurine declined in NAC and PFC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "taurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homocysteic acid was elevated in hippocampus and NAC by repeated MAP administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Homocysteic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane ingredients like phosphocholine elevated in response to MAP administration in NAC and PFC .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Acetyl - aspartate , a marker of neuronal viability , decreased in the three regions ; however , myo - inositol , a glial cell marker , increased in hippocampus and PFC .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Acetyl - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "myo - inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate products , such as alpha - ketoglutarate , succinate , citrate and the methionine significantly decreased in above three brain regions after MAP administration ; however , ADP decreased in hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tricarboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "alpha - ketoglutarate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 182]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that repeated MAP treatment causes neurotransmitters disturbance , imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidants , and gliosis in hippocampus , NAC and PFC .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profound metabolic changes detected across brain regions provide the first evidence of metabonomic changes in MAP - induced sensitized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alcohol cirrhosis alters nuclear receptor and drug transporter expression in human liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unsafe use of alcohol results in approximately 2 . 5 million deaths worldwide , with cirrhosis contributing to 16 . 6 % of reported deaths .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum insulin levels are often elevated in alcoholism and may result in diabetes , which is why alcoholic liver disease and diabetes often are present together .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because there is a sizable population with these diseases alone or in combination , the purpose of this study was to determine whether transporter expression in human liver is affected by alcoholic cirrhosis , diabetes , and alcoholic cirrhosis coexisting with diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transporters aid in hepatobiliary excretion of many drugs and toxic chemicals and can be determinants of drug - induced liver injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug transporter expression and transcription factor - relative mRNA and protein expression in normal , diabetic , cirrhotic , and cirrhosis with diabetes human livers were quantified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cirrhosis significantly increased ABCC4 , 5 , ABCG2 , and solute carrier organic anion ( SLCO ) 2B1 mRNA expression and decreased SLCO1B3 mRNA expression in the liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABCC1 , 3 - 5 , and ABCG2 protein expression was also upregulated by alcoholic cirrhosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABCC3 - 5 and ABCG2 protein expression was also upregulated in diabetic cirrhosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cirrhosis increased nuclear factor E2 - related factor 2 mRNA expression , whereas it decreased pregnane - X - receptor and farnesoid - X - receptor mRNA expression in comparison with normal livers .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that expressions of ABCC2 , 3 , and 6 ; SLCO1B1 and 1B3 ; and ABCC4 and 5 were more closely related in the livers from this cohort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , alcoholic cirrhosis altered transporter expression in human liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octahedral Co3O4 particles threaded by carbon nanotube arrays as integrated structure anodes for lithium ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Octahedral Co3O4 particles threaded by ultra - long multi - walled carbon nanotube ( MWCNT ) arrays were prepared by a hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Co3O4 octahedron with the ( 111 ) facets attaches to MWCNTs uniformly and closely .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composite can be used as an integrated anode for lithium ion batteries ( LIBs ) without any other additives ( such as conductive additives and polymer binder ) , which exhibits a high reversible capacity of 725 mA h g ( - 1 ) at a current density of 100 mA g ( - 1 ) , and excellent cyclic stability without capacity degradation over 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high performance can be attributed to the unique structure : ( i ) the ultra - long MWCNT array facilitates fast electron transfer ; ( ii ) the tight adhesion between Co3O4 and MWCNTs prevents particle drifting and agglomeration ; ( iii ) the free space between MWCNTs promotes fast ion transport and alleviates the large volume variation during discharge - charge process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co3O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work demonstrates the great potential of MWCNT arrays as substrate and provides insights for the design and direct use of MWCNT array - based materials in LIBs , which will be helpful for future development of high - performance electrode materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical proof - of - concept study with MSDC - 0160 , a prototype mTOT - modulating insulin sensitizer .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may be possible to achieve insulin sensitivity through the recently identified mitochondrial target of thiazolidinediones ( mTOT ) , thereby avoiding peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma ( PPAR - gamma ) - dependent side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidinediones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this phase IIb clinical trial , 258 patients with type 2 diabetes completed a 12 - week protocol with 50 , 100 , or 150 mg of MSDC - 0160 ( an mTOT modulator ) , 45 mg pioglitazone HCl ( a PPAR - gamma agonist ) , or a placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two active treatments lowered fasting glucose levels to the same extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decreases in glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) observed with the two higher doses of MSDC - 0160 were not different from those associated with pioglitazone .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , fluid retention as evidenced by reduction in hematocrit , red blood cells , and total hemoglobin was 50 % less in the MSDC - 0160 - treated groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also a smaller increase in high - molecular - weight ( HMW ) adiponectin with MSDC - 0160 than with pioglitazone ( P < 0 . 0001 ) , suggesting that MSDC - 0160 produces less expansion of white adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 122]}, {"entity": "MSDC - 0160", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , mTOT modulators may have glucose - lowering effects similar to those of pioglitazone but without the adverse effects associated with PPAR - gamma agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "pioglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel insights into the biology of interleukin - 32 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin ( IL ) - 32 is known as a proinflammatory cytokine that is likely involved in several diseases , including infections , chronic inflammation , and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the first report in 2005 , IL - 32 has been the subject of numerous studies to unravel the biological function of this molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , silencing of endogenous IL - 32 in primary or cell lines of human origin consistently suppressed responses to Toll - like receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein folding structure of the six isoforms of IL - 32 does not resemble that of any classical cytokine and as of this writing , a specific IL - 32 receptor has not been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , we propose a mechanism by which exposure to extracellular IL - 32 or overexpression of the molecule results in binding to intracellular partners that influences functions such as gene expression , cell death , or survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , this review offers insights into the role of IL - 32 in several diseases , host defense , inflammation , immune function , and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , possibilities to target IL - 32 in several diseases are proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A method for non - invasive full - field imaging and quantification of chemical species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a novel method for full - field scalar visualization and quantification of species concentration fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We term this method species - altered fluorescence imaging ( SAFI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method employs electrically neutral fluorescent dyes whose quantum yields are selectively quenched or enhanced by species of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SAFI enables simultaneous imaging of material interfaces and provides non - invasive , scalar - field quantitation of two - dimensional species concentration fields .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe criteria for choosing SAFI dyes and tabulate 35 promising SAFI dyes and their relevant properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , we describe species concentration quantification with SAFI via Stern - Volmer quenching and discuss the sensitivity and resolution of our method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate this method with two dyes , 6 - methoxy - N - ( 3 - sulfopropyl ) quinolinium ( SPQ ) and 10 - ( 3 - sulfopropyl ) acridinium betaine ( SAB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - methoxy - N - ( 3 - sulfopropyl ) quinolinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 92]}, {"entity": "SPQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "10 - ( 3 - sulfopropyl ) acridinium betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 148]}, {"entity": "SAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate our method in full - field visualization of several challenging electrokinetic flows : isotachophoresis ( ITP ) in both cationic and anionic modes , and in a convective electrokinetic instability ( EKI ) flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through these experiments we collectively quantify ion concentration shock velocities , simultaneously measure concentrations of five species , and quantify the development of an unsteady , chaotic , 2D flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gram - scale synthesis of graphene sheets by a catalytic arc - discharge method .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flake graphite is used as carbon source and ZnO or ZnS as catalyst in the synthesis of high - quality graphene sheets .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "ZnS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A catalytic growth mechanism for cathode - part graphene synthesis in the arc - discharge apparatus and an exfoliation mechanism for wall - part graphene synthesis are introduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - doped cathode - part graphene and undoped wall - part graphene are formed simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peptides as the next generation of anti - infectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and large - scale manufacturing technologies are now available for the commercial production of even the most complex peptide anti - infectives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Married with the potential of this class of molecule as the next generation of effective , resistance - free and safe antimicrobials , and a much better understanding of their biology , pharmacology and pharmacodynamics , the first regulatory approvals and introduction into clinical practice of these promising drug candidates will likely be soon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a key juncture in the history / life cycle of peptide anti - infectives and , perhaps , their commercial and therapeutic potential is about to be realized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review highlights the promise of these agents as the next generation of therapeutics and summarizes the challenges faced in , and lessons learned from , the past .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneously strong and tough ultrafine continuous nanofibers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strength of structural materials and fibers is usually increased at the expense of strain at failure and toughness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent experimental studies have demonstrated improvements in modulus and strength of electrospun polymer nanofibers with reduction of their diameter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanofiber toughness has not been analyzed ; however , from the classical materials property trade - off , one can expect it to decrease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of long ( 5 - 10 mm ) individual polyacrylonitrile nanofibers , we show that nanofiber toughness also dramatically improves .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyacrylonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of fiber diameter from 2 . 8 mu m to ~ 100 nm resulted in simultaneous increases in elastic modulus from 0 . 36 to 48 GPa , true strength from 15 to 1750 MPa , and toughness from 0 . 25 to 605 MPa with the largest increases recorded for the ultrafine nanofibers smaller than 250 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed size effects showed no sign of saturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural investigations and comparisons with mechanical behavior of annealed nanofibers allowed us to attribute ultrahigh ductility ( average failure strain stayed over 50 % ) and toughness to low nanofiber crystallinity resulting from rapid solidification of ultrafine electrospun jets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demonstrated superior mechanical performance coupled with the unique macro - nano nature of continuous nanofibers makes them readily available for macroscopic materials and composites that can be used in safety - critical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed mechanism of simultaneously high strength , modulus , and toughness challenges the prevailing 50 year old paradigm of high - performance polymer fiber development calling for high polymer crystallinity and may have broad implications in fiber science and technology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diameter - Dependent Photocurrent in InAsSb Nanowire Infrared Photodetectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "InAsSb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoconductors using vertical arrays of InAs / InAs1 - xSbx nanowires with varying Sb composition x have been fabricated and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "InAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "InAs1 - xSbx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectrally resolved photocurrents are strongly diameter dependent with peaks , which are red - shifted with diameter , appearing for thicker wires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data and reveal that the peaks are due to resonant modes that enhance the coupling of light into the wires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through proper selection of wire diameter , the absorptance can be increased by more than 1 order of magnitude at a specific wavelength compared to a thin planar film with the same amount of material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A maximum 20 % cutoff wavelength of 5 . 7 mu m is obtained at 5 K for a wire diameter of 717 nm at a Sb content of x = 0 . 62 , but simulations predict that detection at longer wavelengths can be achieved by increasing the diameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , photodetection in InAsSb nanowire arrays integrated on Si substrates is also demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "InAsSb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Slip length measurement of confined air flow on three smooth surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental measurement of the slip length of air flow close to three different solid surfaces is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substrate was driven by a nanopositioner moving toward an oscillating glass sphere glued to an atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) cantilever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large separation distance was used to get more effective data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The slip length value was obtained by analyzing the amplitude and phase data of the cantilever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The measurements show that the slip length does not depend on the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the small difference among the slip lengths of the three surfaces , a simplified analysis method was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that on glass , graphite , and mica surfaces the slip lengths are 98 , 234 , and 110 nm , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "mica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Templating Sub - 10 nm Atomic Layer Deposited Oxide Nanostructures on Graphene via One - Dimensional Organic Self - Assembled Monolayers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular - scale control over the integration of disparate materials on graphene is a critical step in the development of graphene - based electronics and sensors .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that self - assembled monolayers of 10 , 12 - pentacosadiynoic acid ( PCDA ) on epitaxial graphene can be used to template the reaction and directed growth of atomic layer deposited ( ALD ) oxide nanostructures with sub - 10 nm lateral resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 , 12 - pentacosadiynoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 84]}, {"entity": "PCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCDA spontaneously assembles into well - ordered domains consisting of one - dimensional molecular chains that coat the entire graphene surface in a manner consistent with the symmetry of the underlying graphene lattice .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , zinc oxide and alumina ALD precursors are shown to preferentially react with the functional moieties of PCDA , resulting in templated oxide nanostructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "alumina", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "PCDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The retention of the original one - dimensional molecular ordering following ALD is dependent on the chemical reaction pathway and the stability of the monolayer , which can be enhanced via ultraviolet - induced molecular cross - linking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oversampling to Overcome Overfitting : Exploring the Relationship between Data Set Composition , Molecular Descriptors , and Predictive Modeling Methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traditional biological assay is very time - consuming , and thus the ability to quickly screen large numbers of compounds against a specific biological target is appealing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To speed up the biological evaluation of compounds , high - throughput screening is widely used in the fields of biomedical , biological information , and drug discovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The research presented in this study focuses on the use of support vector machines , a machine learning method , various classes of molecular descriptors , and different sampling techniques to overcome overfitting to classify compounds for cytotoxicity with respect to the Jurkat cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell cytotoxicity data set is imbalanced ( a few active compounds and very many inactive compounds ) , and the ability of the predictive modeling methods is adversely affected in these situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Commonly imbalanced data sets are overfit with respect to the dominant classified end point ; in this study the models routinely overfit toward inactive ( noncytotoxic ) compounds when the imbalance was substantial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Support vector machine ( SVM ) models were used to probe the proficiency of different classes of molecular descriptors and oversampling ratios .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SVM models were constructed from 4D - FPs , MOE ( 1D , 2D , and 21 / 2D ) , noNP + MOE , and CATS2D trial descriptors pools and compared to the predictive abilities of CATS2D - based random forest models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to previous results in the literature , the SVM models built from oversampled data sets exhibited better predictive abilities for the training and external test sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation of Ciliatamide D from a Marine Sponge Stelletta sp . and a Reinvestigation of the Configuration of Ciliatamide A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ciliatamide D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "Ciliatamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new lipopeptide , ciliatamide D ( 1 ) , was isolated from a marine sponge Stelletta sp . , collected at Oshimashinsone , together with the known compound ciliatamide A ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ciliatamide D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "ciliatamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ciliatamide D ( 1 ) is a congener of 2 , in which N - Me - Phe is replaced by N - Me - Met ( O ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ciliatamide D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "N - Me - Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "N - Me - Met ( O )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marfey ' s analysis of the acid hydrolysate of 1 demonstrated that the two constituent amino acids were both in the l - form .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result prompted us to carefully investigate the configuration of 2 , resulting in the assignment of the l - form for both residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical ligation of oligodeoxynucleotides by X - irradiation and its application to regulation of G - quadruplex formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated radiolytic ligation of oligodeoxynucleotides ( ODNs ) possessing disulfide bond and its application to regulation of DNA quadruplex formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "G - rich hexamer ODNs had poor ability to form quadruplex , while X - irradiation of the ODNs induced interstrand exchange reaction at disulfide bond to form ligated 12 mer ODNs , leading to the ready formation of quadruplex due to the entropic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since complexation of the ligated ODNs with hemin in the presence of K ( + ) showed strong soret band absorption and also catalyzed the H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) - mediated oxidation of luminol , it appears that the quadruplex formed from ligated ODNs showed a function similar to native DNA quadruplex .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "H ( 2 ) O ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "luminol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - adipogenic diarylheptanoids from Alnus hirsuta f . sibirica on 3T3 - L1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new diarylheptanoid , ( 5S ) - hydroxy - 1 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 7 - ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - hepta - 1E - en - 3 - one ( 1 ) , was isolated along with seventeen known diarylheptanoids ( 2 - 18 ) from the methanol extract of Alnus hirsuta f . sibirica leaves using bioactivity - guided fractionation .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "( 5S ) - hydroxy - 1 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 7 - ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - hepta - 1E - en - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 130]}, {"entity": "diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 195]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the isolated compounds , compounds 1 and 2 and 4 - 12 reduced lipid accumulation dose - dependently in 3T3 - L1 preadipocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the compounds active in the present assay system , the most potent compound 7 , platyphyllonol - 5 - O - beta - d - xylopyranoside , significantly suppressed the induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPAR gamma and CCAAT / enhancer binding protein alpha ( C / EBP alpha ) protein expression , and inhibited adipocyte differentiation induced by troglitazone , a PPAR gamma agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "platyphyllonol - 5 - O - beta - d - xylopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 133]}, {"entity": "troglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [373, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was demonstrated that compound 7 has anti - adipogenic activity mediated by the regulation of PPAR gamma dependent pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experience - dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity in neocortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organism ' s ability to adapt to the changing sensory environment is due in part to the ability of the nervous system to change with experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Input and synapse specific Hebbian plasticity , such as long - term potentiation ( LTP ) and long - term depression ( LTD ) , are critical for sculpting the nervous system to wire its circuit in tune with the environment and for storing memories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these synaptic plasticity mechanisms are innately unstable and require another mode of plasticity that maintains homeostasis to allow neurons to function within a desired dynamic range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several modes of homeostatic adaptation are known , some of which work at the synaptic level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review will focus on the known mechanisms of experience - induced homeostatic synaptic plasticity in the neocortex and their potential function in sensory cortex plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' Homeostatic Plasticity ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gimatecan and other camptothecin derivatives poison Leishmania DNA - topoisomerase IB leading to a strong leishmanicidal effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work is the in vitro and ex vivo assessment of the leishmanicidal activity of camptothecin and three analogues used in cancer therapy : topotecan ( Hycantim ( (R) ) ) , gimatecan ( ST1481 ) and the pro - drug irinotecan ( Camptosar ( (R) ) ) as well as its active metabolite SN - 38 against Leishmania infantum .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "topotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Hycantim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 194]}, {"entity": "ST1481", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 203]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 235]}, {"entity": "Camptosar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 247]}, {"entity": "SN - 38", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [291, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of camptothecin and its derivatives was studied on extracellular L . infantum infrared - emitting promastigotes and on an ex vivo murine model of infected splenocytes with L . infantum fluorescent amastigotes .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ formation of SDS / KCl precipitable DNA - protein complexes in Leishmania promastigotes indicated that these drugs are DNA topoisomerase IB poisons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory potency of camptothecin derivatives on recombinant L . infantum topoisomerase IB was assessed in vitro showing that gimatecan is the most active compound preventing the relaxation of supercoiled DNA at submicromolar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cleavage equilibrium assays in Leishmania topoisomerase IB show that gimatecan changes the equilibrium towards cleavage at much lower concentrations than the other camptothecin derivatives and that this effect persists over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gimatecan and camptothecin were the most powerful compounds preventing cell growth of free - living L . infantum promastigotes within the same concentration range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these compounds killed L . infantum splenocyte - infecting amastigotes within the nanomolar range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amastigote form showed higher sensitivity to topoisomerase IB poisons ( with high therapeutic selectivity indexes ) than free - living promastigotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the compounds assayed poisoned L . infantum DNA topoisomerase IB leading to a strong leishmanicidal effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Camptothecin derivatives are suitable for reducing the parasitic burden of ex vivo infected splenocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camptothecin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selectivity index of gimatecan makes it a promising drug against this neglected disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "gimatecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular markers from three organellar genomes unravel complex taxonomic relationships within the coralline algal genus Chiharaea ( Corallinales , Rhodophyta ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of molecular markers in taxonomic studies has become a standard practice in biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , consensus on which markers to use at the species level is lacking because evolutionary lineages show differences in divergence rates between organellar genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ideally , researchers use multiple lines of evidence when first describing a species , such as the incorporation of several molecular markers from varied genomes ( mitochondrion , plastid and nucleus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined species boundaries in the red algal genus Chiharaea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used five molecular markers , with at least one marker from each genome , coupled with thorough morphological analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recognized three species in Chiharaea ( C . americana , C . rhododactyla sp . nov . , C . silvae ) and two forms ( C . americana f . americana and C . americana f . bodegensis ( H . W . Johansen ) stat . nov . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For C . americana f . americana and C . americana f . bodegensis differentiation based on morphological data was reflected in the plastid - encoded large subunit of RuBisCO ( rbcL ) , but was not concordant with either the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( COI - 5P ) or nuclear internal transcribed spacer ( ITS ) sequence data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that this discordance is indicative of ongoing hybridization and introgression between populations of C . americana f . americana and C . americana f . bodegensis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we used a PCR assay with ITS specific primers to amplify multiple ITS variants for collections assignable to C . americana indicating that there is genetic variability within ITS copies most likely due to introgression , crossing over and / or the retention of ancestral variants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical realization of robust broadband transparency in ultrathin seamless nanostructures by dual blackbodies for near infrared light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose a counter - intuitive mechanism of constructing an ultrathin broadband transparent device with two perfect blackbodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By introducing hybridization of plasmon modes , resonant modes with different symmetries coexist in this system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A broadband transmission spectrum in the near infrared regime is achieved through controlling their coupling strengths , which is governed by the thickness of high refractive index layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the transparency bandwidth is found to be tunable in a large range by varying the geometric dimension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More significantly , from the point view of applications , the proposed method of achieving broadband transparency can perfectly tolerate the misalignment and asymmetry of periodic nanoparticles on the top and bottom , which is empowered by the unique dual of coupling - in and coupling - out processes within the pair of blackbodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , roughness has little influence on its transmission performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the coupled mode theory , the distinguished transmittance performance is physically interpreted by the radiative decay rate of the entire system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the feature of uniquely robust broadband transparency , such a ultrathin seamless nanostructure ( in the presence of a uniform silver layer ) also provides polarization - independent and angle - independent operations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it may power up a wide spectrum of exciting applications in thin film protection , touch screen techniques , absorber - emitter transformation , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzenesulfonamides : a unique class of chemokine receptor type 4 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benzenesulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of CXCR4 with CXCL12 ( SDF - 1 ) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis by facilitating the homing of tumor cells to metastatic sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our previously published work on CXCR4 antagonists , we have synthesized a series of aryl sulfonamides that inhibit the CXCR4 / CXCL12 interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analogue bioactivities were assessed with binding affinity and Matrigel invasion assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computer modeling was employed to evaluate a selection of the new analogues docked into the CXCR4 X - ray structure and to rationalize discrepancies between the affinity and Matrigel in vitro assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lead compound displays nanomolar potency in the binding affinity assay ( IC ( 50 ) = 8 . 0 nM ) and the Matrigel invasion assay ( 100 % blockade of invasion at 10 nM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that benzenesulfonamides are a unique class of CXCR4 inhibitors with high potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzenesulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogen - bond reinforced vanadia nanofiber paper of high stiffness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "vanadia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low - temperature , solution - based self - assembly of vanadia nanofibers yields a free - standing , ceramic paper with an outstanding combination of high strength , stiffness , and macroscopic flexibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "vanadia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its excellent mechanical performance results from a brick - and - mortar like architecture , which combines strong covalent bonding within the single - crystalline nanofibers with an intricate hydrogen bonding network between them .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog signaling acts with the temporal cascade to promote neuroblast cell cycle exit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Drosophila postembryonic neuroblasts , transition in gene expression programs of a cascade of transcription factors ( also known as the temporal series ) acts together with the asymmetric division machinery to generate diverse neurons with distinct identities and regulate the end of neuroblast proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the underlying mechanism of how this \" temporal series \" acts during development remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that Hh signaling in the postembryonic brain is temporally regulated ; excess ( earlier onset of ) Hh signaling causes premature neuroblast cell cycle exit and under - proliferation , whereas loss of Hh signaling causes delayed cell cycle exit and excess proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the Hh pathway functions downstream of Castor but upstream of Grainyhead , two components of the temporal series , to schedule neuroblast cell cycle exit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , hh is likely a target of Castor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , Hh signaling provides a link between the temporal series and the asymmetric division machinery in scheduling the end of neurogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of aqueous media properties on aggregation and solubility of four structurally related meso - porphyrin photosensitizers evaluated by spectrophotometric measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "meso - porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Porphyrin photosensitizers tend to aggregate in aqueous solutions even in the micromolar concentration range .", "entity": [{"entity": "Porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a challenge during formulation of e . g . , parenteral preparations for photodynamic cancer therapy , or preparations for local or topical administration in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monomerization is essential to achieve biocompatible drug formulations of high bioavailability and physiological response ( i . e . , photoreactivity ) and low toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aggregation and solubilization of four structurally related meso - tetraphenyl porphyrin photosensitizers with nonionic ( 4 - hydroxy ) , anionic ( 4 - sulphonate ; 4 - carboxy ) and cationic ( 4 - trimethylanilinium ) substituents were evaluated in various vehicles by use of UV - Vis spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "meso - tetraphenyl porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "4 - sulphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "4 - carboxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "4 - trimethylanilinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituents , overall charge and charge distribution influenced the pKa - values and interaction of the porphyrins with different solvents , excipients and impurities .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyrins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modification of medium polarity and solubilization by the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 adjusted the acid - base equilibria and increased the solubility by reduction of porphyrin aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tween 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selected porphyrins were sensitive towards ionic strength , temperature and inorganic impurities to various extents .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyrins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results will be further used during development of parenteral and topical formulations of porphyrin photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy of cancer and bacterial infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "porphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folate Conjugation to Polymeric Micelles via Boronic Acid Ester to Deliver Platinum Drugs to Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Boronic Acid Ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 63]}, {"entity": "Platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a novel technique was used for the reversible attachment of folic acid on the surface of polymeric micelles for a tumor - specific drug delivery system .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reversible conjugation is based on the interaction between phenylboronic acid ( PBA ) and dopamine to form a borate ester .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylboronic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "PBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "borate ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conjugation is fast and efficient and in vitro experiments via confocal fluorescent microscopy show that the linker is stable in for several hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) polymerization was used to synthesize two various sized water - soluble block copolymer of oligoethylene glycol methylether methacylate and methyl acrylic acid ( POEGMEMA35 - b - PMAA200 and POEGMEMA26 - b - PMAA90 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligoethylene glycol methylether methacylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 195]}, {"entity": "methyl acrylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 219]}, {"entity": "POEGMEMA35 - b - PMAA200", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 246]}, {"entity": "POEGMEMA26 - b - PMAA90", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The platinum drug , oxoplatin , was then subsequently attached to the polymer via ester formation leading to platinum loading of 12 wt % as determined by TGA .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "oxoplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The platinum - induced amphiphilic block copolymers that consequently led to the formation of micelles of sizes 150 and 20 nm in an aqueous environment with the longer PMAA block forming larger micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "PMAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The small micelles were in addition cross - linked using 1 , 8 - diaminooctane to further stabilize their structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 8 - diaminooctane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The targeting ability of folate conjugated polymeric micelles was investigated against two types of tumor cell lines : A549 ( - FR ) and OVCAR - 3 ( + FR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell line growth inhibitory efficacy of material synthesized was evaluated by using SRB method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that folate conjugated micelles showed higher activity in FR + OVCAR - 3 cells but not in FR - A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained for both small and large micelles without the conjugation of folate .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing large and small micelles it can be observed that larger micelles are more efficient , which has been attributed to the lower stability of the smaller micelles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Micelle stabilization via cross - linking could indeed increase the toxicity of the drug carrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and relaxometric characterization of a MRI Gd - based probe responsive to glutamic acid decarboxylase enzymatic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel contrast agent based systems , which selectively visualize specific cells , e . g . , neurons in the brain , would be of substantial importance for the fast developing field of molecular magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the synthesis and in vitro validation of a Gd ( III ) - based contrast agent designed to act as an MRI responsive probe for imaging the activity of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase ( GAD ) present in neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon the action of the enzyme , the Gd ( III ) complex increases its hydration sphere and takes on a residual positive charge that promotes its binding to endogenous macromolecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gd ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both effects contribute in a synergic way to generate a marked relaxation enhancement , which directly reports enzyme activity and will allow activity detection of GAD positive cells in vitro and in vivo selectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finely regulating well - defined functional polymeric nanocarriers for anti - tumor immunotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer is the second leading cause of death around the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer may be induced by viral infection ( EBV , HBV and HPV ) , bacterial infection ( Helicobacter pylori ) , carcinogen , ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation exposure , and genetic mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor can be suppressed by traditional surgery , radiotherapy , and / or chemotherapy with devastating side effects and very poor quality of postoperative life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The therapeutic index has been further promoted by the newly developed nanomedicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the disseminated tumor cells can result in micrometastases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So the cancer can just be supresssed but not cured by these ways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately , the developments of immunology have successfully improved many disciplines with special effort on oncology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various immune cells including B cells , T - lymphocytes ( TL ) , natural killer ( NK ) cells , dendritic cells ( DCs ) , macrophages , and polymorphonuclear leukocytes are recruited to the tumor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These immune cells can recognize , eliminate , and protect the body from viral , bacterial infections , and the transformed cells ( pre - cancer cell ) extension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modification of host immune system , and / or the utilization of components of the immune system for cancer treatment are called immunotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunotherapy is not only to target and kill tumor cells in aspecific manner , but also to alert the immune system to eradicate the disseminated tumor cells present in the blood circulation and micro - metastases in remote organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , the development of immunology , cancer immunotherapy , tumor immuno escape was introduced firstly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then the correlations between host , the tumor and the nano particulates were proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And how to improve the cancer immunotherapy by finely nanocarrier ' s engineering ( nanoimmunotherapy ) was systematically illustrated with special focus on the unique pathology of tumor microenviroments and properties of immuno cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new sesquiterpene lactone from Salvia plebeia .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpene lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new eudesmanolide , 1 alpha - acetoxy - 8 alpha , 9 beta - dihydroxy - 2 - oxo - eudesman - 3 , 7 ( 11 ) - dien - 8 , 12 - olide ( 2 ) , together with a known eudesmanolide , 1 alpha - acetoxy - 8 alpha - hydroxy - 2 - oxo - eudesman - 3 , 7 ( 11 ) - dien - 8 , 12 - olide ( 1 ) , and a known flavone , 4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxy - 6 - methoxyflavone ( 3 ) , was isolated from the plant of Salvia plebeia .", "entity": [{"entity": "eudesmanolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "1 alpha - acetoxy - 8 alpha , 9 beta - dihydroxy - 2 - oxo - eudesman - 3 , 7 ( 11 ) - dien - 8 , 12 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 130]}, {"entity": "eudesmanolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 174]}, {"entity": "1 alpha - acetoxy - 8 alpha - hydroxy - 2 - oxo - eudesman - 3 , 7 ( 11 ) - dien - 8 , 12 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 274]}, {"entity": "flavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 302]}, {"entity": "4 ' , 5 , 7 - trihydroxy - 6 - methoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three compounds were structurally elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of endothelin system in cardiovascular disease and the potential therapeutic perspectives of its inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since its identification in 1988 and the recognition of its primary role as a potent vasoconstrictor , endothelin has been extensively studied and is now considered as a ubiquitous protein , involved in important aspects of human homeostasis as well as in several pathophysiological pathways , mostly associated with cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From an evolutionary point of view , endothelin consists a primitive molecule with the rare characteristic of being exactly the same in all mammals , thus permitting scientists to perform experiments in animals and doing predictions for humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The understanding of its contribution to the genesis , evolution and maintenance of disease through activation of special receptor subtypes has led to the development of both selective and unselective receptor antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the disappointing results of these antagonists in the field of heart failure , almost from the initial animal trials of bosentan , a dual endothelin receptor antagonist , in pulmonary arterial hypertension , it has been demonstrated that the drug leads at least to hemodynamic and clinical improvement of the patients , thus receiving official approval for the management of this rare but eventually lethal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "bosentan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resistant hypertension is another area where endothelin receptor blockers might potentially play a role , while the pathophysiological role of endothelin in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is well - established and the relative research goes on .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main goal of this review is to describe the endothelin system and mostly to enlighten its role in pathophysiologic pathways , as well to state the relative research in the various fields of cardiovascular disease and also highlight its prognostic significance wherever there exists one .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) : A Promising Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Asymmetric Dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide ( NO ) production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asymmetric Dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADMA is generated from methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases ( PRMTs ) and subsequent proteolysis , while its elimination is achieved mainly by degradation with dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase ( DDAH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress , endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) inhibition , eNOS uncoupling , inflammation and shear stress play a pivotal role in ADMA pathophysiology by managing PRMT / DDAH expression and NO synthesis and leading to a common result - endothelial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial dysfunction seems to be the common finding in studies investigating the role of ADMA in cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) , mass spectrometry ( MS ) and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) are the existing methods for ADMA quantification .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , none of them fulfils all the criteria to be characterized as \" gold standard \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADMA is significantly associated with risk factors for CVD and almost with every disease of the cardiovascular system ; showing an independent , strong prognostic value for mortality and future cardiovascular events .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article aims to review the current knowledge about ADMA biology and metabolism , pathophysiological mechanisms implicating ADMA in CVD , methods for the determination of ADMA and its association with CVD risk factors and established CVDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chitosan - thioglycolic Acid as a versatile antimicrobial agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "thioglycolic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As functionalized chitosans hold great potential for the development of effective and broad - spectrum antibiotics , representative chitosan derivatives were tested for antimicrobial activity in neutral media : trimethyl chitosan ( TMC ) , carboxy - methyl chitosan ( CMC ) , and chitosan - thioglycolic acid ( TGA ; medium molecular weight : MMW - TGA ; low molecular weight : LMW - TGA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 220]}, {"entity": "carboxy - methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 256]}, {"entity": "thioglycolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [291, 308]}, {"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 314]}, {"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [349, 352]}, {"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [384, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colony forming assays indicated that LMW - TGA displayed superior antimicrobial activity over the other derivatives tested : a 30 min incubation killed 100 % Streptococcus sobrinus ( Gram - positive bacteria ) and reduced colony counts by 99 . 99 % in Neisseria subflava ( Gram - negative bacteria ) and 99 . 97 % in Candida albicans ( fungi ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To elucidate LMW - TGA effects at the cellular level , microscopic studies were performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of fluorescein isothiocyanate ( FITC ) - labeled chitosan derivates in confocal microscopy showed that LMW - TGA attaches to microbial cell walls , while transmission electron microscopy indicated that this derivative severely affects cell wall integrity and intracellular ultrastructure in all species tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 33]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore propose LMW - TGA as a promising and effective broad - band antimicrobial compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "TGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New surface - enhanced Raman scattering platforms : composite calcium carbonate microspheres coated with astralen and silver nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface - enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS ) microspectroscopy is a very promising label - free , noncontact , and nondestructive method for real - time monitoring of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) development and cell integration in scaffolds for tissue engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we prepare a new type of micrometer - sized SERS substrate , core - shell microparticles composed of solid carbonate core coated with silver nanoparticles and polyhedral multishell fullerene - like structure , astralen .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astralen has been assembled with polyallylamine hydrochloride ( PAH ) by the layer - by - layer manner followed by Ag nanoparticle formation by means of a silver mirror reaction , giving the final structure of composite particles CaCO3 ( PAH / astralen ) x / Ag , where x = 1 - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyallylamine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "CaCO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 235]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 241]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The components of the microparticle carry multiple functionalities : ( i ) an easy identification by Raman imaging ( photostable astralen ) and ( ii ) SERS due to a rough surface of Ag nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of Ag and astralen nanoparticles provides an enhancement of astralen Raman signal by more than 1 order of magnitude .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raman signals of commonly used scaffold components such as polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol as well as ECM component ( hyaluronic acid ) are significantly enhanced .", "entity": [{"entity": "polylactide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "polyvinyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we demonstrate that new mechanically robust and easily detectable ( by astralen signal or optically ) core - shell microspheres based on biocompatible CaCO3 can be used as SERS platform .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaCO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particle design opens many future perspectives for fabrication of SERS platforms with multiple functions for biomedical applications , for example , for theranostic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety assessment of Apoaequorin , a protein preparation : Subchronic toxicity study in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoaequorin , a calcium - binding protein originally isolated from jellyfish is available commercially as a dietary supplement .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects , if any , of Apoaequorin , a recombinant protein preparation , in rats following subchronic administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this study , Sprague - Dawley ( Hsd : SD (R) ) rats ( 10 / sex / group ) were administered via oral gavage 0 ( control ) , 92 . 6 , 462 . 9 , and 926 . 0mg / kg body weight ( bw ) / day of Apoaequorin preparation , for 90days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding amount of Apoaequorin protein was 0 , 66 . 7 , 333 . 3 and 666 . 7mg / kg bw / day , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of the Apoaequorin preparation did not result in any mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no clinical or ophthalmological signs , body weight , body weight gain , food consumption , food efficiency , clinical pathology or histopathological changes attributable to administration of Apoaequorin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any changes noted were incidental and in agreement with those historically observed in the age and strain of rats used in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results of this study , the No Observed - Adverse - Effect Level ( NOAEL ) for Apoaequorin was determined as 666 . 7mg / kg bw / day , the highest dose tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental stress , oxytocin receptor gene ( OXTR ) polymorphism , and mental health following collective stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined whether the oxytocin receptor gene ( OXTR ) single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) rs53576 genotype buffers the combined impact of negative social environments ( e . g . , interpersonal conflict / constraint ) and economic stress on post - traumatic stress ( PTS ) symptoms and impaired daily functioning following collective stress ( September 11th terrorist attacks ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saliva was collected by mail and used to genotype 704 respondents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants completed Web - based assessments of pre - 9 / 11 mental health , acute stress 9 - 23days after 9 / 11 , the quality of social environments 1year post - 9 / 11 , economic stress 18months post - 9 / 11 , and PTS symptoms and impaired functioning 2 and 3years post - 9 / 11 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions between negative social environments and economic stress were examined separately based on OXTR rs53576 genotype ( GG vs . any A allele ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For individuals with an A allele , a negative social environment significantly increased PTS symptoms without regard to the level of economic stress experienced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for respondents with a GG genotype , negative social environments predicted elevated PTS symptoms only for those also experiencing high economic stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gender moderated associations between negative social environments , economic stress , and impaired functioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functioning of females was most affected by negative social environments regardless of genotype and economic stress , whereas the functioning of males was differentially susceptible to economic stress depending on OXTR genotype and negative social environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that it is important to consider the combined impact of gender and ongoing stress in different domains as moderators of genetic vulnerability following collective stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oroxylin A reverses P - glycoprotein - mediated multidrug resistance of MCF7 / ADR cells by G2 / M arrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oroxylin A is a naturally occurring monoflavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi , which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti - tumor , anti - inflammatory and anti - bacterial properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "monoflavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study is to investigate the reversal effect and the fundamental mechanisms of oroxylin A in MCF7 / ADR cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data indicated that oroxylin A showed strong reversal potency in MCF7 / ADR cells and the reversal fold ( RF ) reached 4 . 68 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After treatment with oroxylin A , MCF7 / ADR cells displayed reduced functional activity and expression of MDR1 at both the protein and mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , oroxylin A induced cells G2 / M arrest in a concentration - dependent manner by increasing the expression of p - Chk2 ( Thr68 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , western blot and EMSA assays were used to reveal the inhibition of NF - kappa B in nucleus and the suppression of NF - kappa B binding activity by oroxylin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NSC 109555 ditosylate - Chk2 inhibitor partly dismissed G2 / M arrest induced by oroxylin A , reversed the increased trend of p - Chk2 and p - P53 ( Ser20 ) , inhibited the decreasing effect of oroxylin A on the expression of P - gp and decreased the reversal fold of 90 mu M oroxylin A from 4 . 68 fold to 1 . 73 fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSC 109555 ditosylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 204]}, {"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we suggested that oroxylin A reversed MDR by G2 / M arrest and the underlying mechanism attributed to the suppression of P - gp expression via Chk2 / P53 / NF - kappa B signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "oroxylin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotrophin 3 genotype and emotional adverse effects of osmotic - release oral system methylphenidate ( OROS - MPH ) in children with attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurotrophin 3 ( NTF3 ) has been studied in relation to the pathophysiology of attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and mood disorders as well as psychostimulant action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that the risk of an emotional side effect to methylphenidate ( MPH ) treatment may be associated with NTF3 genotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ninety - six medication - na i ve children with ADHD ( mean age 8 . 70 , standard deviation 1 . 41 years , 79 males ) were genotyped and treated with MPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At baseline , which was prior to MPH treatment , and after two weeks of medication , investigators asked children and their parents or caregivers about adverse events using a symptom rating scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADHD subjects with the A / A genotype at the NTF3 rs6332 polymorphism showed the highest ' Emotionality ' and ' Over - focus / euphoria ' factor scores , followed by those with the G / A genotype and those with the G / G genotype ( p = 0 . 042 and p = 0 . 045 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADHD subjects with the A / A genotype at the NTF3 rs6332 polymorphism showed the highest ' Proneness to crying ' and ' Nail biting ' item scores , followed by those with the G / A genotype and those with the G / G genotype ( p = 0 . 047 and p = 0 . 017 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide preliminary evidence that genetic variation in the NTF3 gene is related to susceptibility to emotional side effects in response to MPH treatment in Korean children with ADHD .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrol protects against arsenic trioxide - induced nephrotoxicity by facilitating arsenic metabolism and decreasing oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "arsenic trioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic trioxide ( As2O3 ) is an environmental toxicant and a potent antineoplastic agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic trioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to arsenic causes renal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrol is a well - known polyphenolic compound that is reported to reduce As2O3 - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on As2O3 - induced nephrotoxicity and arsenic metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese Dragon - Li cats were injected with 1 mg / kg As2O3 on alternate days ; resveratrol ( 3 mg / kg ) was administered via the forearm vein 1 h before the As2O3 treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the sixth day , the cats were killed to determine the histological renal damage , renal function , the accumulation of arsenic , and antioxidant activities in the kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine samples were taken for arsenic speciation .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the resveratrol + As2O3 - treated group , activities of glutathione peroxidase , catalase , and superoxide dismutase , the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione , the total arsenic concentrations , and the percentage of methylated arsenic in urine were significantly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "oxidized glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 178]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "methylated arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentrations of renal malondialdehyde , reactive oxygen species , 8 - hydroxydeoxyguanosine , serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen , and renal arsenic accumulation were significantly decreased and reduced renal morphologic injury was observed compared with the As2O3 - treated group .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "8 - hydroxydeoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 97]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that resveratrol could significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species , inhibit As2O3 - induced oxidative damage , and significantly attenuate the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissues by facilitating As2O3 metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that use of resveratrol as postremission therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia as well as adjunctive therapy in patients with exposure to arsenic may decrease arsenic nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global analysis of Drosophila Cys2 - His2 zinc finger proteins reveals a multitude of novel recognition motifs and binding determinants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "His2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cys2 - His2 zinc finger proteins ( ZFPs ) are the largest group of transcription factors in higher metazoans .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A complete characterization of these ZFPs and their associated target sequences is pivotal to fully annotate transcriptional regulatory networks in metazoan genomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a first step in this process , we have characterized the DNA - binding specificities of 129 zinc finger sets from Drosophila using a bacterial one - hybrid system .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This data set contains the DNA - binding specificities for at least one encoded ZFP from 70 unique genes and 23 alternate splice isoforms representing the largest set of characterized ZFPs from any organism described to date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These recognition motifs can be used to predict genomic binding sites for these factors within the fruit fly genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsets of fingers from these ZFPs were characterized to define their orientation and register on their recognition sequences , thereby allowing us to define the recognition diversity within this finger set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the characterized fingers can specify 47 of the 64 possible DNA triplets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To confirm the utility of our finger recognition models , we employed subsets of Drosophila fingers in combination with an existing archive of artificial zinc finger modules to create ZFPs with novel DNA - binding specificity .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These hybrids of natural and artificial fingers can be used to create functional zinc finger nucleases for editing vertebrate genomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobicistat : A New Boost for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ritonavir is commonly used as a pharmacokinetic booster for antiretroviral regimens in the management of human immunodeficiency virus infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ritonavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limitations to ritonavir boosting include increased pill burden , adverse effects , and a wide range of clinically significant drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ritonavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobicistat is a new pharmacokinetic booster that is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A , the main metabolizing pathway of several antiretrovirals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobicistat has been studied as a booster for elvitegravir , a second - generation integrase inhibitor , and protease inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "elvitegravir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on successful clinical trials , a new single - tablet regimen of elvitegravir , cobicistat , emtricitabine , and tenofovir has been approved for the management of treatment - na i ve patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "elvitegravir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "emtricitabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "tenofovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional studies are underway investigating the safety and efficacy of cobicistat - boosted protease inhibitor regimens for both treatment - na i ve and treatment - experienced patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobicistat is well tolerated and may become a preferred booster for antiretroviral regimens , as it can be coformulated with several agents to create simpler regimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobicistat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor - suppressive Maspin Functions as a Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger : IMPORTANCE OF CYSTEINE RESIDUES .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "CYSTEINE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maspin is a member of the serine protease inhibitor ( serpin ) superfamily and displays tumor - suppressing activity by controlling cell migration , proliferation , apoptosis , and adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we provide evidence that maspin acts as a reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) scavenger through oxidation of three structurally exposed cysteine thiols to sulfenic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "cysteine thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 154]}, {"entity": "sulfenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ablation of these cysteine residues in maspin resulted in a significant increase in total ROS production in mouse mammary TM40D cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , cells containing a triple - cysteine mutant of maspin showed elevated ERK1 / 2 activity , a downstream target of ROS , and enhanced proliferation and colony formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings establish a novel mechanism by which maspin utilizes its cysteine thiols to inhibit oxidative stress and cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biosafety data as confidential business information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Removal of confidentiality claims on biosafety data is necessary to adhere to standard scientific procedures of quality assurance , to increase transparency , to minimize impacts of conflicts of interests , and ultimately to improve public confidence in GMOs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global iodine nutrition : where do we stand in 2013 ?", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Dietary iodine intake is required for the production of thyroid hormone .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequences of iodine deficiency include goiter , intellectual impairments , growth retardation , neonatal hypothyroidism , and increased pregnancy loss and infant mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summary : In 1990 , the United Nations World Summit for Children established the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable progress has since been achieved , largely through programs of universal salt iodization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 70 % of all households worldwide currently have access to adequately iodized salt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2013 , as defined by a national or subnational median urinary iodine concentration of 100 - 299 mu g / L in school - aged children , 111 countries have sufficient iodine intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty countries remain iodine - deficient ; 9 are moderately deficient , 21 are mildly deficient , and none are currently considered severely iodine - deficient .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten countries have excessive iodine intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In North America , both the United States and Canada are generally iodine - sufficient , although recent data suggest pregnant U . S . women are mildly iodine - deficient .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging issues include discrepancies between urinary iodine status in pregnant women compared to school - aged children in some populations , the problem of re - emerging iodine deficiency in parts of the developed world , the importance of food industry use of iodized salt , regions of iodine excess , and the potential effects of initiatives to lower population sodium consumption on iodine intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 178]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 295]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [366, 372]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [388, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : Although substantial progress has been made over the last several decades , iodine deficiency remains a significant health problem worldwide and affects both industrialized and developing nations .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ongoing monitoring of population iodine status remains crucially important , and particular attention may need to be paid to monitoring the status of vulnerable populations , such as pregnant women and infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also need for ongoing monitoring of iodized salt and other dietary iodine sources in order to prevent excess as well as insufficient iodine nutrition .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , it will be essential to coordinate interventions designed to reduce population sodium intake with salt iodization programs in order to maintain adequate levels of iodine nutrition as salt intake declines .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo HIF - mediated reductive carboxylation is regulated by citrate levels and sensitizes VHL - deficient cells to glutamine deprivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxic and VHL - deficient cells use glutamine to generate citrate and lipids through reductive carboxylation ( RC ) of alpha - ketoglutarate .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "alpha - ketoglutarate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain insights into the role of HIF and the molecular mechanisms underlying RC , we took advantage of a panel of disease - associated VHL mutants and showed that HIF expression is necessary and sufficient for the induction of RC in human renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIF expression drastically reduced intracellular citrate levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feeding VHL - deficient RCC cells with acetate or citrate or knocking down PDK - 1 and ACLY restored citrate levels and suppressed RC .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that HIF - induced low intracellular citrate levels promote the reductive flux by mass action to maintain lipogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using [ ( 1 - 13 ) C ] glutamine , we demonstrated in vivo RC activity in VHL - deficient tumors growing as xenografts in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 1 - 13 ) C ] glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , HIF rendered VHL - deficient cells sensitive to glutamine deprivation in vitro , and systemic administration of glutaminase inhibitors suppressed the growth of RCC cells as mice xenografts .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mitochondrial RNA - binding protein GRSF1 localizes to RNA granules and is required for posttranscriptional mitochondrial gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA - binding proteins are at the heart of posttranscriptional gene regulation , coordinating the processing , storage , and handling of cellular RNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that GRSF1 , previously implicated in the binding and selective translation of influenza mRNAs , is targeted to mitochondria where it forms granules that colocalize with foci of newly synthesized mtRNA next to mitochondrial nucleoids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GRSF1 preferentially binds RNAs transcribed from three contiguous genes on the light strand of mtDNA , the ND6 mRNA , and the long noncoding RNAs for cytb and ND5 , each of which contains multiple consensus binding sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNAi - mediated knockdown of GRSF1 leads to alterations in mitochondrial RNA stability , abnormal loading of mRNAs and lncRNAs on the mitochondrial ribosome , and impaired ribosome assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in a specific protein synthesis defect and a failure to assemble normal amounts of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data implicate GRSF1 as a key regulator of posttranscriptional mitochondrial gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adipose subtype - selective recruitment of TLE3 or Prdm16 by PPAR gamma specifies lipid storage versus thermogenic gene programs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional effectors of white adipocyte - selective gene expression have not been described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that TLE3 is a white - selective cofactor that acts reciprocally with the brown - selective cofactor Prdm16 to specify lipid storage and thermogenic gene programs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occupancy of TLE3 and Prdm16 on certain promoters is mutually exclusive , due to the ability of TLE3 to disrupt the physical interaction between Prdm16 and PPAR gamma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When expressed at elevated levels in brown fat , TLE3 counters Prdm16 , suppressing brown - selective genes and inducing white - selective genes , resulting in impaired fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , mice lacking TLE3 in adipose tissue show enhanced thermogenesis in inguinal white adipose depots and are protected from age - dependent deterioration of brown adipose tissue function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that the establishment of distinct adipocyte phenotypes with different capacities for thermogenesis and lipid storage is accomplished in part through the cell - type - selective recruitment of TLE3 or Prdm16 to key adipocyte target genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistic investigation of seeded growth in triblock copolymer stabilized gold nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the seeded synthesis of gold nanoparticles ( GNPs ) via the reduction of HAuCl4 by ( L31 and F68 ) triblock copolymer ( TBP ) mixtures .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAuCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we focused on [ TBP ] / [ Au ( III ) ] ratios of 1 - 5 ( =~ 1 mM HAuCl4 ) and seed sizes ~ 20 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "HAuCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under these conditions , the GNP growth rate is dominated by both the TBP and seed concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With seeding , the final GNP size distributions are bimodal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing the seed concentration ( up to ~ 0 . 1 nM ) decreases the mean particle sizes 10 - fold , from ~ 1000 to 100 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The particles in the bimodal distribution are formed by the competitive direct growth in solution and the aggregative growth on the seeds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By monitoring kinetics of GNP growth , we propose that ( 1 ) the surface of the GNP seeds embedded in the TBP cavities form catalytic centers for GNP growth and ( 2 ) large GNPs are formed by the aggregation of GNP seeds in an autocatalytic growth process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systematic study of the basis set superposition error in core - electron correlation effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a recent paper , Xu et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ J . Phys . Chem . A2012 , 116 , 11668 ] emphasized the importance of core - electron correlation effects to describe the Si2H6BH3 complex and related systems properly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si2H6BH3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpected large energy differences between a frozen core and all electron treatment were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , it will be shown that these energy differences are an artifact of an insufficient choice of basis set and can be attributed to an intramolecular basis set superposition error ( BSSE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the general problem is known , systematic studies on the effect are scarce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the BSSE in related systems is investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that the problem of BSSE for core - electron correlation is quite common if inadequate basis sets are applied and that it amounts to 2 kcal mol ( - 1 ) on average in binding energies for the given test set ( with a maximum of 5 . 8 kcal mol ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interactions in 1 - butanol + IL solutions by measuring and modeling activity coefficients .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interactions in 1 - butanol + ionic liquid ( IL ) solutions have been investigated by measuring and modeling activity - coefficient data .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity coefficients in binary solutions containing 1 - butanol and an IL were determined experimentally : the ILs studied were 1 - decyl - 3 - methyl - imidazolium tetracyanoborate ( [ Im10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ tcb ] ( - ) ) , 4 - decyl - 4 - methyl - morpholinium tetracyanoborate ( [ Mo10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ tcb ] ( - ) ) , 1 - decyl - 3 - methyl - imidazolium bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide ( [ Im10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ ntf2 ] ( - ) ) , and 4 - decyl - 4 - methyl - morpholinium bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide ( [ Mo10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ ntf2 ] ( - ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "1 - decyl - 3 - methyl - imidazolium tetracyanoborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 186]}, {"entity": "tcb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}, {"entity": "4 - decyl - 4 - methyl - morpholinium tetracyanoborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 280]}, {"entity": "tcb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 307]}, {"entity": "1 - decyl - 3 - methyl - imidazolium bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 394]}, {"entity": "ntf2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [418, 422]}, {"entity": "4 - decyl - 4 - methyl - morpholinium bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [439, 514]}, {"entity": "ntf2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [538, 542]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methods used to determine the activity coefficients included vapor - pressure osmometry , headspace - gas chromatography , and gas - liquid chromatography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results from all of these techniques were combined to obtain activity - coefficient data over the entire IL concentration range , and the ion - specific interactions of the ILs investigated were identified with 1 - butanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest ( 1 - butanol ) - IL interactions of the ILs considered in this work were found for [ Im10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ tcb ] ( - ) ; thus , [ Im10 . 1 ] ( + ) [ tcb ] ( - ) showed the highest affinity for 1 - butanol in a binary mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental data were modeled with the Perturbed - Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory ( PC - SAFT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PC - SAFT was able to accurately describe the pure IL and ( 1 - butanol ) - IL data .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the model was shown to be predictive and extrapolative with respect to concentration and temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical informatics uncovers a new role for moexipril as a novel inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase - 4 ( PDE4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PDE4 is one of eleven known cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase families and plays a pivotal role in mediating hydrolytic degradation of the important cyclic nucleotide second messenger , cyclic 3 ' 5 ' adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "cyclic nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 168]}, {"entity": "cyclic 3 ' 5 ' adenosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 226]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PDE4 inhibitors are known to have anti - inflammatory properties , but their use in the clinic has been hampered by mechanism - associated side effects that limit maximally tolerated doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to initiate the development of better - tolerated PDE4 inhibitors we have surveyed existing approved drugs for PDE4 - inhibitory activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this objective , we utilised a high - throughput computational approach that identified moexipril , a well tolerated and safe angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , as a PDE4 inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimentally we showed that moexipril and two structurally related analogues acted in the micro molar range to inhibit PDE4 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Employing a FRET - based biosensor constructed from the nucleotide binding domain of the type 1 exchange protein activated by cAMP , EPAC1 , we demonstrated that moexipril markedly potentiated the ability of forskolin to increase intracellular cAMP levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "forskolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we demonstrated that the PDE4 inhibitory effect of moexipril is functionally able to induce phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein , Hsp20 , by cAMP dependent protein kinase A .", "entity": [{"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that moexipril is a bona fide PDE4 inhibitor that may provide the starting point for development of novel PDE4 inhibitors with an improved therapeutic window .", "entity": [{"entity": "moexipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipid raft modulation by Rp1 reverses multidrug resistance via inactivating MDR - 1 and Src inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multidrug resistance ( MDR ) is a major obstacle to effective cancer therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The membrane transporter MDR - 1 ( P - gp , ABCB1 ) , a member of the ATP - binding cassette ( ABC ) transporter family , effluxes anti - cancer drugs from cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased activity of MDR - 1 is known to be the main mechanism for multidrug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDR - 1 is known to be localized in the cholesterol - and sphingolipid - enriched plasma membrane microdomains , known as lipid rafts .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "sphingolipid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion alters lipid raft functions , indicating that cholesterol is critical for raft function .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because ginsenosides are structurally similar to cholesterol , in this study , we investigated the effect of Rp1 , a novel ginsenoside derivative , on drug resistance using drug - sensitive OVCAR - 8 and drug - resistant NCI / ADR - RES and DXR cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "ginsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rp1 treatment resulted in an accumulation of doxorubicin or rhodamine 123 by decreasing MDR - 1 activity in doxorubicin - resistant cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "rhodamine 123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rp1 synergistically induced cell death with actinomycin D in DXR cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rp1 appeared to redistribute lipid rafts and MDR - 1 protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Rp1 reversed resistance to actinomycin D by decreasing MDR - 1 protein levels and Src phosphorylation with modulation of lipid rafts .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of cholesterol attenuated Rp1 - induced raft aggregation and MDR - 1 redistribution .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rp1 and actinomycin D reduced Src activity , and overexpression of active Src decreased the synergistic effect of Rp1 with actinomycin D .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "actinomycin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rp1 - induced drug sensitization was also observed with several anti - cancer drugs , including doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rp1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that lipid raft - modulating agents can be used to inhibit MDR - 1 activity and thus overcome drug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Robust PEGylated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles as the carrier of doxorubicin : Mineralization and its effect on tumor targetability in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo stability and tumor targetability of self - assembled polymeric nanoparticles are crucial for effective drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , to develop biostable nanoparticles with high tumor targetability , poly ( ethylene glycol ) - conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles ( PEG - HANPs ) were mineralized through controlled deposition of inorganic calcium and phosphate ions on the nanoparticular shell via a sequential addition method .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 107]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 234]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting nanoparticles ( M - PEG - HANPs ) had a smaller size ( 153 . 7 +/- 4 . 5nm ) than bare PEG - HANPs ( 265 . 1 +/- 9 . 5nm ) , implying that mineralization allows the formation of compact nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , when the mineralized nanoparticles were exposed to acidic buffer conditions ( < pH6 . 5 ) , their sizes increased rapidly due to dissolution of the inorganic minerals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin ( DOX ) , chosen as the model anticancer drug , was effectively encapsulated into the bare and mineralized nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For bare PEG - HANPs , DOX was released in a sustained manner and its release rate was not dependent on the pH of the solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , DOX release from M - PEG - HANPs was pH - dependent : i . e . DOX was slowly released from nanoparticles under physiological condition ( pH7 . 4 ) , whereas its release rates were much higher at mildly acidic environments ( < pH6 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From in vivo biodistribution study , it was found that M - PEG - HANPs could reach the tumor site more effectively than bare PEG - HANPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antitumor efficacy of DOX - loaded nanoparticles was evaluated after systemic administration into the tumor - bearing mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the samples tested , the most effective antitumor efficacy was observed for DOX - loaded M - PEG - HANPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , these results suggest that M - PEG - HANPs could be a promising carrier for an anticancer drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the regulation of progesterone receptor isoforms expression in human astrocytoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many progesterone ( P4 ) effects are mediated by its intracellular receptor ( PR ) , which has two isoforms , PR - A and PR - B , each of them with different function and regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential PR expression in cancer cells has been associated to a PR isoform - specific promoter methylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In astrocytomas , the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors , PR isoforms expression is directly correlated to the tumor ' s evolution grade .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is no evidence of the role of epigenetic regulation of PR expression in astrocytomas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the effect of the demethylating agent 5 - aza - 2 ' - deoxycytidine ( 5AzadC ) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A ( TSA ) on PR expression in human astrocytoma cell lines U373 ( grade III ) and D54 ( grade IV ) by RT - PCR and Western blot .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - aza - 2 ' - deoxycytidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 80]}, {"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "trichostatin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "TSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total PR expression increased with 5 mu M 5AzadC treatment , whereas PR - B expression increased with 5 and 10 mu M 5AzadC treatment in U373 cells , but not in D54 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In U373 cells , PR - A protein content augmented with 10 mu M 5AzadC treatment , while PR - B content increased with 5 and 10 mu M 5AzadC .", "entity": [{"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PR - B expression was not modified by the TSA concentrations that were used , and the combination with 5AzadC did not change the effects of the latter .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study of 5AzadC effects on the number of astrocytoma cells showed that P4 treatment increased the number of U373 cells , whereas 5AzadC and the combined treatment with P4 reduced it .", "entity": [{"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "5AzadC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that PR - B expression is regulated by methylation and not by histone acetylation in U373 cells , and that DNA demethylation reduced the number of U373 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutralization of Apis mellifera bee venom activities by suramin .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we evaluated the ability of suramin , a polysulfonated naphthylurea derivative , to antagonize the cytotoxic and enzymatic effects of the crude venom of Apis mellifera .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "polysulfonated naphthylurea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suramin was efficient to decrease the lethality in a dose - dependent way .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemoconcentration caused by lethal dose injection of bee venom was abolished by suramin ( 30 mu g / g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The edematogenic activity of the venom ( 0 . 3 mu g / g ) was antagonized by suramin ( 10 mu g / g ) in all treatment protocols .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in the vascular permeability caused by A . mellifera ( 1 mu g / g ) venom were inhibited by suramin ( 30 mu g / g ) in the pre - and posttreatment as well as when the venom was preincubated with suramin .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , suramin also inhibited cultured endothelial cell lesion , as well as in vitro myotoxicity , evaluated in mouse extensor digitorumlongus muscle , which was inhibited by suramin ( 10 and 25 mu M ) , decreasing the rate of CK release , showing that suramin protected the sarcolemma against damage induced by components of bee venom ( 2 . 5 mu g / mL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , suramin inhibited the in vivo myotoxicity induced by i . m . injection of A . mellifera venom in mice ( 0 . 5 mu g / g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of the area under the plasma CK vs . time curve showed that preincubation , pre - and posttreatment with suramin ( 30 mu g / g ) inhibited bee venom myotoxic activity in mice by about 89 % , 45 % and 40 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suramin markedly inhibited the PLA2 activity in a concentration - dependent way ( 1 - 30 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Being suramin a polyanion molecule , the effects observed may be due to the interaction of its charges with the polycation components present in A . mellifera bee venom .", "entity": [{"entity": "suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of perinatal exposure to waterborne fluoxetine on memory processing in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent ecotoxicological studies highlight the increasing presence of pharmaceuticals discharged in the aquatic environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst them is the antidepressant fluoxetine ( FLX ) , a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor , primarily indicated for treatment of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of chronic exposure to FLX on memory processing in 1 - month - old cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three groups of new - borns were reared in different conditions : one control group ( no FLX ) and two groups exposed to environmental concentrations of FLX ( 1 and 100ng / L ) from 15 days pre - hatching to 1 month post - hatching .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acquisition and retention performances were assessed using the ' prawn - in - the - tube ' procedure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perinatal exposure to fluoxetine led to significant changes in memory processing of the animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest observed effect concentration of this antidepressant on learning and retention was 1ng / L which is under the range of environmental contamination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuttlefish exposed at low FLX concentration had impaired acquisition capabilities and animals exposed at high FLX concentration displayed a deficit of memory retention compared to the control group that had nonimpaired initial acquisition and retention performances .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results subsequently suggested that FLX - induced changes in cognitive capacities could potentially lead to inappropriate predatory behaviors in the natural environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "FLX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study provides the basis for future studies on how pharmaceutical contaminants disrupt cognition in ecologically and economically relevant marine invertebrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic effects between pesticide stress and predator cues : Conflicting results from life history and physiology in the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing awareness that the negative effects of anthropogenic stressors may be magnified in the presence of natural stressors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very few of these studies have included physiology , yet including physiological studies may help learning about the mechanistic base of such synergisms at the life history level and identify synergistic interactions not translated in life history traits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied in Enallagma cyathigerum damselfly larvae potential synergistic effects between exposure to the pesticide glyphosate and predator cues on a key life history trait , growth rate , its associated behavioural trait , food intake , and three types of physiological traits known to be affected by both stressors in isolation : the stress protein Hsp70 , energy storage and variables related to oxidative stress and damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyphosate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pesticide and predator cues reduced growth rate in an additive way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food intake increased under pesticide exposure and was not affected by the predator cues , indicating physiological mediation of the growth reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One potential physiological mechanism was that both stressors additively increased Hsp70 levels , this may also have contributed to the reduced levels of total carbohydrates when exposed to predator cues .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic exposure to predator cues reduced oxygen consumption , possibly to avoid too high costs of an increased metabolic rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reduction did not occur in the presence of the pesticide , reflecting the need for energetically expensive defence mechanisms ( such as Hsp70 upregulation ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When both stressors were combined , there was a reduction of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity ( SOD ) and an associated increase of oxidative damage in lipids .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While synergistic interactions were not present for growth rate and food intake , they were identified for antioxidant defence and oxidative damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel type of \" hidden \" synergistic interaction may have profound fitness implications , and when ignored will lead to underestimations of the impact of pollutants in natural populations where predators are omnipresent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can acetylcholinesterase activity be considered as a reliable biomarker for the assessment of cadmium - induced neurotoxicity ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gon c alves et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 2012 ) recently reported the findings of a long - awaited study on the effects of long - term dietary - induced exposure to cadmium ( Cd ) on the acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) activity of adult rodents ' brain regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their study can be regarded as a significant contribution to the field , as there is paucity of information on the AChE activity in brain regions following exposure to Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the Cd - induced modulation of AChE activity is an issue surrounded by controversy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We , herein , discuss and summarize the relative in vivo and in vitro experimental data , and set out to answer the straightforward question : can AChE activity be considered as a reliable biomarker for the assessment of Cd - induced neurotoxicity ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At this time , we can not answer in the affirmative because of the variation in techniques used and conclusions reached .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We make a plea that authors aiming to explore this potential use of brain AChE activity in the future : ( a ) are aware of the biases that their experimental approach might exert upon this neurochemical parameter , ( b ) avoid the use of anaesthesia as a mode of sacrifice and clarify its timing , ( c ) decide upon the use of previously - studied in vivo experimental schemes ( so that they can provide comparable results ) , and finally , ( d ) identify pharmacological , biochemical and molecular approaches that are appropriate to clarify the implicated mechanism ( s ) through which Cd modifies AChE activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [588, 590]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frank A . Beach Award : Programming of neuroendocrine function by early - life experience : A critical role for the immune system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a strong dysregulation of the immune system , and several have a striking etiology in development as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our recent evidence using a rodent model of neonatal Escherichiacoli infection has revealed novel insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in adulthood , and suggests that the early - life immune history of an individual may be critical to understanding the relative risk of developing later - life mental health disorders in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single neonatal infection programs the function of immune cells within the brain , called microglia , for the life of the rodent such that an adult immune challenge results in exaggerated cytokine production within the brain and associated cognitive deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I describe the important role of the immune system , notably microglia , during brain development , and discuss some of the many ways in which immune activation during early brain development can affect the later - life outcomes of neural function , immune function , and cognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in Insulin Resistance and HbA1c Are Related to Exercise - Mediated Changes in Body Composition in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes : Interim outcomes from the GREAT2DO Trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVETo investigate changes in body composition after 12 months of high - intensity progressive resistance training ( PRT ) in relation to changes in insulin resistance ( IR ) or glucose homeostasis in older adults with type 2 diabetes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOne - hundred three participants were randomized to receive either PRT or sham exercise 3 days per week for 12 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homeostatic model of assessment 2 ( HOMA2 - IR ) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) were used as indices of IR and glucose homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeletal muscle mass ( SkMM ) and total fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visceral adipose tissue , mid - thigh cross - sectional area , and mid - thigh muscle attenuation were quantified using computed tomography . RESULTSWithin the PRT group , changes in HOMA2 - IR were associated with changes in SkMM ( r = - 0 . 38 ; P = 0 . 04 ) and fat mass ( r = 0 . 42 ; P = 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in visceral adipose tissue tended to be related to changes in HOMA2 - IR ( r = 0 . 35 ; P = 0 . 07 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in HbA1c were related to changes in mid - thigh muscle attenuation ( r = 0 . 52 ; P = 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of these relationships were present in the sham group ( P > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using ANCOVA models , participants in the PRT group who had increased SkMM had decreased HOMA2 - IR ( P = 0 . 05 ) and HbA1c ( P = 0 . 09 ) compared with those in the PRT group who lost SkMM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increases in SkMM in the PRT group decreased HOMA2 - IR ( P = 0 . 07 ) and HbA1c ( P < 0 . 05 ) compared with those who had increased SkMM in the sham group . CONCLUSIONSImprovements in metabolic health in older adults with type 2 diabetes were mediated through improvements in body composition only if they were achieved through high - intensity PRT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mn @ Si14 + : a singlet fullerene - like endohedrally doped silicon cluster .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Si14 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "fullerene -", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electronic structure of Mn @ Si14 ( + ) is determined using DFT and CASPT2 / CASSCF ( 14 , 15 ) computations with large basis sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "Si14 ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endohedrally Mn - doped Si cationic cluster has a D3h fullerene - like structure featuring a closed - shell singlet ground state with a singlet - triplet gap of ~ 1 eV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn - doped Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "fullerene -", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A strong stabilizing interaction occurs between the 3d ( Mn ) and the 2D - shell ( Si14 ) orbitals , and a large amount of charge is transferred from the Si14 cage to the Mn dopant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "Si14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "Si14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 158]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3d ( Mn ) orbitals are filled by encapsulation , and the magnetic moment of Mn is completely quenched .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Full occupation of [ 2S , 2P , 2D ] shell orbitals by 18 delocalized electrons confers the doped Mn @ Si14 ( + ) cluster a spherically aromatic character .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "Si14 ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of the novel histamine H3 receptor antagonist ST1283 on voluntary alcohol consumption and ethanol - induced place preference in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Growing evidence supports a role for the central histaminergic system to have a modulatory influence on drug addiction in general and alcohol - use disorders in particular through histamine H3 receptors ( H3R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : In the present study , the effects of systemic injection of the newly synthesized H3R antagonist ST1283 on ethanol ( EtOH ) voluntary intake and EtOH - conditioned reward in mice have been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Oral EtOH , saccharin , and quinine intake was assessed in a two - bottle choice paradigm using escalating concentrations of alcohol or tastant solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EtOH - induced place preference ( CPP ) , EtOH - induced locomotor activity , and blood ethanol concentration ( BEC ) were also measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Following administration of the H3R antagonist ( 2 . 5 , 5 , and 10 mg / kg , i . p . ) , there was a significant dose - dependent decrease in alcohol consumption and preference .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , vehicle - and ST1283 ( 5 mg / kg ) - treated mice showed similar consumption and preference to increasing concentration of both sweet and bitter tastes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More interestingly , systemic administration of ST1283 inhibited EtOH - CPP and EtOH - enhanced locomotion .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibition was blocked when mice were pretreated with the selective H3R agonist R - ( alpha ) - methyl - histamine ( 10 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "R - ( alpha ) - methyl - histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , vehicle - and ST1283 - treated mice had similar BECs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our results show that ST1283 may decrease voluntary EtOH consumption and EtOH - CPP by altering its reinforcing effects , suggesting a novel role for histamine signaling in regulation of alcoholism .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , the results add to the growing literature on H3R modulation in the pharmacotherapy of EtOH addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delineating multiple functions of VEGF - A in the adult brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor - A ( abbreviated throughout this review as VEGF ) is mostly known for its angiogenic activity , for its activity as a vascular permeability factor , and for its vascular survival activity [ 1 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a growing body of evidence , however , that VEGF fulfills additional less ' traditional ' functions in multiple organs , both during development , as well as homeostatic functions in fully developed organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on the multiple roles of VEGF in the adult brain and is less concerned with the roles played by VEGF during brain development , functions described elsewhere in this review series .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most functions of VEGF that are essential for proper brain development are , in fact , dispensable in the adult brain as was clearly demonstrated using a conditional brain - specific VEGF loss - of - function ( LOF ) approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , in contrast to VEGF LOF in the developing brain , a process which is detrimental for the growth and survival of blood vessels and leads to massive neuronal apoptosis [ 2 - 4 ] , continued signaling by VEGF in the mature brain is no longer required for maintaining already established cerebral vasculature and its inhibition does not cause appreciable vessel regression , hypoxia or apoptosis [ 4 - 7 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet , VEGF continues to be expressed in the adult brain in a constitutive manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , VEGF is expressed in the adult brain in a region - specific manner and in distinctive spatial patterns incompatible with an angiogenic role ( see below ) , strongly suggesting angiogenesis - independent and possibly also perfusion - independent functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we review current knowledge on some of these ' non - traditional ' , often unexpected homeostatic VEGF functions , including those unrelated to its effects on the brain vasculature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects could be mediated directly ( on non - vascular cells expressing cognate VEGF receptors ) or indirectly ( via the endothelium ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental approaches aimed at distinguishing between these possibilities for each particular VEGF function will be described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review is only concerned with homeostatic functions of VEGF in the normal , non - injured brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reader is referred elsewhere in this series for a review on VEGF actions in response to various forms of brain injury and / or brain pathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium Attenuates Adriamycin - Induced Cardiac Dysfunction via Restoring Expression of ATP - Sensitive Potassium Channels in Rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible mechanism of adriamycin ( ADR ) and / or selenium ( Se ) deficiency - induced cardiac dysfunction , and cardioprotective effects of Se against ADR - induced cardiac toxicity were investigated in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac function was evaluated by plasma brain natriuretic peptide level and echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) activity was assessed spectrophotometrically .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of ATP - sensitive potassium channels ( KATP ) subunits - SUR2A and Kir6 . 2 - were examined by real - time PCR and Western blotting .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that cardiac function and cardiac GPx activity decreased remarkably after administration of ADR or Se deficiency ; more dramatic impairment of cardiac function and cardiac GPx activity were observed after co - administration of ADR and Se deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 250]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanically , it is novel for us to find down - regulation of KATP subunits gene expression in cardiac tissue after administration of ADR or Se deficiency , and more significant inhibition of cardiac KATP gene expression was identified after co - administration of ADR and Se deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 269]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , cardiac toxicity of ADR was found alleviated by Se supplementation , accompanied by restoring of cardiac GPx activity and cardiac KATP gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that decreased expression of cardiac KATP is involved in adriamycin and / or Se deficiency - induced cardiac dysfunction ; Se deficiency exacerbates adriamycin - induced cardiac dysfunction by future inhibition of KATP expression ; Se supplementation seems to protect against adriamycin - induced cardiac dysfunction via restoring KATP expression , showing potential clinical application in cancer chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 148]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 257]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characteristics and determinants of adult patients with acute poisoning attending the accident and emergency department of a teaching hospital in Qatar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data about etiologic and demographic characteristics of acute poisoning in adults in Qatar are lacking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This prospective observational study was undertaken to analyze characteristics and possible determinants of acute poisoning in adults in Qatar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During 2010 , 18 , 073 patients attended the emergency department of Hamad General Hospital , a teaching hospital in Qatar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of them , 599 ( 3 . 3 % ) patients were diagnosed as \" poisoning case \" with either chemical or pharmaceutical substances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence rate of poisoning incidence was 35 . 3 / 100 , 000 population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven patients died , corresponding with a case - fatality rate of 0 . 39 / 1000 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority were male ( 65 % ) and the mean age was 34 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The poisons involved were mainly chemicals ( 61 . 6 % ) and pharmaceuticals ( 38 . 4 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female , mainly single , suffered more intentional poisoning compared to male .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the patients aged 60 years and above ( 7 . 2 % ) , the majority ( 95 . 3 % ) suffered unintentional poisoning with pharmaceuticals ; 56 % with warfarin , 12 % with digoxin and 7 % with insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis shows that female gender , single status , younger than 35 years of age , being poisoned by pharmaceutical products , and the need for hospitalization are significant determinants for acute intentional poisoning after adjusting all other possible covariates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings of this study can be used to establish awareness and prophylactic campaigns in Qatar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stacking of Short DNA Induces the Gyroid Cubic - to - Inverted Hexagonal Phase Transition in Lipid - DNA Complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lyotropic phases of amphiphiles are a prototypical example of self - assemblies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structure is generally determined by amphiphile shape and their phase transitions are primarily governed by composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we demonstrate a new paradigm for membrane shape control where the electrostatic coupling of charged membranes to short DNA ( sDNA ) , with tunable temperature - dependent end - to - end stacking interactions , enables switching between the inverted gyroid cubic structure ( QII ( G ) ) and the inverted hexagonal phase ( HII ( C ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the structural shape transitions induced in the QII ( G ) phase upon complexation with a series of sDNAs ( 5 , 11 , 24 , and 48 bp ) with three types of end structure ( \" sticky \" adenine ( A ) - thymine ( T ) ( dAdT ) overhangs , no overhang ( blunt ) , and \" nonsticky \" dTdT overhangs ) using synchrotron small - angle X - ray scattering .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 203]}, {"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very short 5 bp sDNA with dAdT overhangs and blunt ends induce coexistence of the QII ( G ) and the HII ( C ) phase , with the fraction of QII ( G ) increasing with temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase coexistence for blunt 5 bp sDNA is observed from 27 degrees C to about 65 degrees C , where the HII ( C ) phase disappears and the temperature dependence of the lattice spacing of the QII ( G ) phase indicates that the sDNA duplexes melt into single strands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only other sDNA for which melting is observed is 5 bp sDNA with dTdT overhangs , which forms the QII ( G ) phase throughout the studied range of temperature ( 27 degrees C to 85 . 2 degrees C ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The longer 11 bp sDNA forms coexisting QII ( G ) and HII ( C ) phases ( with the fraction of QII ( G ) again increasing with temperature ) only for \" nonsticky \" dTdT overhangs , while dAdT overhangs and blunt ends exclusively template the HII ( C ) phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For 24 and 48 bp sDNAs the HII ( C ) phase replaces the QII ( G ) phase at all investigated temperatures , independent of sDNA end structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our work demonstrates how the combined effects of sDNA length and end structure ( which determine the temperature - dependent stacking length ) tune the phase behavior of the complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sDNAs and sDNA stacks with lengths comparable to or larger than the cubic unit cell length disfavor the highly curved channels present in the QII ( G ) phase , thus driving the QII ( G ) - to - HII ( C ) phase transition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the temperature is increased , the breaking of stacks due to thermal fluctuations restores increasing percentages of the QII ( G ) phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensing of biologically important cations such as na ( + ) , k ( + ) , ca ( 2 + ) , cu ( 2 + ) , and fe ( 3 + ) using magnetic nanoemulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "k ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a simple approach to the ultrasensitive detection of biologically important metal ions using a magnetic nanoemulsion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanoemulsion used in our study was an oil - in - water emulsion droplet of average size ~ 190 nm containing ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of average size ~ 10 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a static magnetic field , the emulsion droplets self - assemble into a nanoarray with distinct interdroplet spacing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of cations in the solution , the nanofluid array shows a large blue shift in the diffracted Bragg peak and a visually perceivable color change due to changes in the electrical double layer upon the diffusion of cations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The colloidal force - distance measurements in the presence of cations show large variations at the onset of repulsion in the presence of cations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensor shows good selectivity to Na ( + ) , K ( + ) , Ca ( 2 + ) , Cu ( 2 + ) , and Fe ( 3 + ) ions and offers a rapid response compared to conventional techniques .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "Cu ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach can be useful for the recognition of biologically important cations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroids Glycosylated with Both d - and l - Arabinoses from the South China Sea Gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "d - and l - Arabinoses", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new 19 - hydroxy steroidal glycosides , namely , junceellosides E - G ( 2 - 4 ) , were isolated together with the known analogue junceelloside C ( 1 ) from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea .", "entity": [{"entity": "19 - hydroxy steroidal glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 43]}, {"entity": "junceellosides E - G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "junceelloside C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these compounds were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses , chemical methods , and comparison with reported data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These glycosides are found to have sugar moieties of both beta - l - and beta - d - arabinopyranoses by HPLC analysis of their thiocarbamoyl - thiazolidine derivatives and those of authentic d - and l - arabinoses , leading to the structure revision of junceelloside C ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "beta - l - and beta - d - arabinopyranoses", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 100]}, {"entity": "thiocarbamoyl - thiazolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 155]}, {"entity": "d - and l - arabinoses", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 213]}, {"entity": "junceelloside C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report of steroidal glycosides from the gorgonian D . gemmacea and the first report of glycosides with beta - l - arabinopyranose from marine sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - l - arabinopyranose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ forming reduction - sensitive degradable nanogels for facile loading and triggered intracellular release of proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ forming reduction - sensitive degradable nanogels were designed and developed based on poly ( ethylene glycol ) - b - poly ( 2 - ( hydroxyethyl ) methacrylate - co - acryloyl carbonate ) ( PEG - P ( HEMA - co - AC ) ) block copolymers for efficient loading as well as triggered intracellular release of proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol ) - b - poly ( 2 - ( hydroxyethyl ) methacrylate - co - acryloyl carbonate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 194]}, {"entity": "PEG - P ( HEMA - co - AC )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEG - P ( HEMA - co - AC ) copolymers were prepared with controlled Mn of 9 . 1 , 9 . 5 , and 9 . 9 kg / mol and varying numbers of AC units per molecule of 7 , 9 and 11 , respectively ( denoted as copolymer 1 , 2 , and 3 ) by reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG - P ( HEMA - co - AC )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These copolymers were freely soluble in phosphate buffer but formed disulfide - cross - linked nanogels with defined sizes ranging from 72 . 5 to 124 . 1 nm in the presence of cystamine via ring - opening reaction with cyclic carbonate groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "cystamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 185]}, {"entity": "cyclic carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sizes of nanogels decreased with increasing AC units as a result of increased cross - linking density .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic light scattering studies showed that these nanogels though stable at physiological conditions were rapidly dissociated in response to 10 mM dithiothreitol ( DTT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dithiothreitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 162]}, {"entity": "DTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , FITC - labeled cytochrome C ( FITC - CC ) could be readily loaded into nanogels with remarkable loading efficiencies ( up to 98 . 2 % ) and loading contents ( up to 48 . 2 wt . % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro release studies showed that release of FITC - CC was minimal under physiological conditions but significantly enhanced under reductive conditions in the presence of 10 mM DTT with about 96 . 8 % of FITC - CC released in 22 h from nanogel 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "DTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 187]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , protein release from 1 , 4 - butanediamine cross - linked nanogels ( reduction - insensitive control ) remained low under otherwise the same conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 - butanediamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTT assays showed that these nanogels were nontoxic to HeLa cells up to a tested concentration of 2 mg / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal microscopy results showed that nanogel 1 delivered and released FITC - CC into the perinuclei region of HeLa cells following 8 h incubation .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CC - loaded reductively degradable nanogels demonstrated apparently better apoptotic activity than free CC as well as reduction - insensitive controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These in situ forming , surfactant and oil - free , and reduction - sensitive degradable nanogels are highly promising for targeted protein therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age - Related Macular Degeneration - Associated Silent Polymorphisms in HtrA1 Impair Its Ability To Antagonize Insulin - Like Growth Factor 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) within a transcript ' s coding region produce no change in the amino acid sequence of the protein product and are therefore intuitively assumed to have a neutral effect on protein function .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report that two common variants of high - temperature requirement A1 ( HTRA1 ) that increase the inherited risk of neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( NvAMD ) harbor synonymous SNPs within exon 1 of HTRA1 that convert common codons for Ala34 and Gly36 to less frequently used codons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ala34", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 257]}, {"entity": "Gly36", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequent - to - rare codon conversion reduced the mRNA translation rate and appeared to compromise HtrA1 ' s conformation and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein product generated from the SNP - containing cDNA displayed enhanced susceptibility to proteolysis and a reduced affinity for an anti - HtrA1 antibody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NvAMD - associated synonymous polymorphisms lie within HtrA1 ' s putative insulin - like growth factor 1 ( IGF - 1 ) binding domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They reduced HtrA1 ' s abilities to associate with IGF - 1 and to ameliorate IGF - 1 - stimulated signaling events and cellular responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations highlight the relevance of synonymous codon usage to protein function and implicate homeostatic protein quality control mechanisms that may go awry in NvAMD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Functional Importance of Sirt2 in Endothelial Cells under Oxidative Stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NAD + - dependent deacetylases Sirt1 and Sirt2 mediate cellular stress responses and are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAD +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the well - documented protective actions of Sirt1 , the role of endothelial Sirt2 remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using cDNA microarray and PCR validation , we examined global gene expression changes in response to Sirt2 knock down in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells under oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Sirt2 knock down changed expression of 340 genes , which are mainly involved in cellular processes including actin binding , cellular amino acid metabolic process , transmembrane receptor protein serine / threonine kinase signaling , ferrous iron transport , protein transport and localization , cell morphogenesis , and functions associated with endosome membrane and the trans - Golgi network .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 216]}, {"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 228]}, {"entity": "ferrous iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These genes and associated functions were largely non - overlapping with those altered by Sirt1 knock down .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , we showed that pharmacological inhibition of Sirt2 attenuated oxidant - induced cell toxicity in endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These suggest that Sirt2 is functionally important in endothelial cells under oxidative stress , and may have a primarily distinct role as compared to Sirt1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results may provide a basis for future studies aiming to dissect the specific signaling pathway ( s ) that mediates specific Sirt2 functions in endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotoxic effects of the water - soluble fraction of heavy oil in the brackish / freshwater amphipod Quadrivisio aff . lutzi ( Gammaridea ) as assessed using the comet assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphipod crustaceans have been widely used as invertebrate models in ecotoxicology due to their importance in the food chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , few studies have evaluated the genotoxic effects of pollutants in this model using the comet assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main obstacle to using amphipods in the comet assay is the difficulty in obtaining enough blood cells from a single individual .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the genotoxic effects of the water - soluble fraction ( WSF ) of heavy oil on the brackish / freshwater amphipod Quadrivisio aff . lutzi , which is common in the coastal lagoons of southeastern Brazil , using hemocytes obtained from single amphipods ( without pooling ) after optimizing hemolymph extraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comet assay revealed significantly higher DNA damage levels ( 2 - to 6 - fold higher ) in treated amphipods compared to untreated ones with a sublethal concentration of 17 . 6 % of the WSF within 72 h of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two independent experiments confirmed an \" up and down \" pattern of DNA damage , measured as the % of DNA contained in the tail of the comets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevations in DNA damage levels were observed at the 6 and 48 h time points , while very low levels of DNA damage were observed at the 24 and 72 h time points .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the comet assay revealed gender variability in the levels of DNA damage after short - term exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selective poisoning of Ctnnb1 - mutated hepatoma cells in mouse liver tumors by a single application of acetaminophen .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mouse liver tumors that harbor activating mutations in Ctnnb1 , encoding beta - catenin , express high levels of various cytochromes P450 ( CYP ) , including CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetaminophen ( AAP ) is metabolized in hepatocytes by these CYPs to the reactive intermediate N - acetyl - p - benzoquinone - imine , which is toxic to hepatocytes at high doses where depletion of glutathione occurs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "AAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "N - acetyl - p - benzoquinone - imine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 132]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have induced liver tumors in mice by treatment with the liver carcinogen N - nitrosodiethylamine followed by chronic treatment with the tumor promoter phenobarbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - nitrosodiethylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 99]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under this protocol , ~ 80 % of tumors display Ctnnb1 mutations and express high levels of various CYP isoforms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor - bearing animals were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg / kg body weight AAP , which was well tolerated by the animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dose , however , eradicated essentially all larger Ctnnb1 - mutated , CYP - positive liver tumors , killing > 90 % of hepatoma cells : at 2 days after AAP , large necrotic areas filled with cell debris were observed in tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were infiltrated in the following days by immune cells starting from the outer parts of the damaged areas slowly closing the \" wounds \" left from the poisoned tumor cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , there was increased proliferation of normal hepatocytes , but some residual tumor cells were also proliferating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that a selective poisoning of Ctnnb1 - mutated liver tumors by administration of AAP is possible in this experimental system .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of an adapted protocol could be envisaged for neo - adjuvant treatment of human hepatoblastoma which are frequently mutated in CTNNB1 and often show high expression of CYP2E1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical study of the thermodynamic and burning properties of oxygen - rich hydrazine derivatives - green and powerful oxidants for energetic materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "hydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of no - chlorine and oxygen - rich hydrazine derivatives ( hydrazine modified with - NO2 and NO3 ( - ) groups ) was designed and optimized to obtain molecular geometries and electronic structures at density functional theory - B3PW91 / 6 - 311 + + G ( 3df , 3pd ) level .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "hydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "hydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "NO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "NO3 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some important properties such as bond dissociation enthalpy , density , natural bond orbitals , thermodynamic parameters , molecular orbital energy and burning rate were then calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulation results revealed that these compounds exhibit excellent performance , with significant superiority over traditional oxidants found in propellants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids and 3 - Arylcoumarin from Pterocarpus soyauxii .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "3 - Arylcoumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical study on the constituents of the heartwood of Pterocarpus soyauxii led to the isolation of five new isoflavonoids and one new 3 - arylcoumarin , pterosonins A - F ( 1 - 6 ) , together with 17 known analogues , among which 8 , 9 , and 18 were reported as natural products for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoflavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "3 - arylcoumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 156]}, {"entity": "pterosonins A - F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure elucidation was achieved by way of spectroscopic measurements as well as by comparison with literature data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Compound 6 showed potent cytotoxicity against human non - small cell lung cancer ( A549 ) , pancreatic cancer ( Panc - 28 ) , and colon carcinoma ( HCT - 116 ) cells with GI50 values at 7 . 39 , 25 , and 19 . 17 micro M , respectively ; the other isolates showed no cytotoxicity against the above tested cell lines with GI50 values > 50 micro M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes : prevalence , pathophysiology , and management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dyslipidemia is one of the key risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the mounting clinical trial data , the management of dyslipidemia other than lowering the low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - c ) continues to be controversial .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristic features of diabetic dyslipidemia are high plasma triglyceride concentration , reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL - c ) concentration , and increased concentration of small dense LDL particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes are caused by increased free fatty acid flux secondary to insulin resistance and aggravated by increased inflammatory adipokines .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The availability of several lipid - lowering drugs and nutritional supplements offers novel and effective options for achieving target lipid levels in people with diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While initiation of drug therapy based on differences in the lipid profile is an option , most practice guidelines recommend statins as first - line therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the evidence for clinical utility of combination of statins with fibrates or nicotinic acid in reducing cardiovascular events remains inconclusive , the preponderance of evidence suggests that a subgroup who have high triglycerides and low HDL - c levels may benefit from combination therapy of statins and fibrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "nicotinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 240]}, {"entity": "fibrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [316, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of therapy is to achieve at least 30 - 40 % reduction in LDL - c levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preferably the LDL - c should be less than 100 mg / dL in low - risk people and less than 70 mg / dL in those at high risk , including people with established CVD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal Structures of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 20 Lacto - N - biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human milk oligosaccharides contain a large variety of oligosaccharides , of which lacto - N - biose I ( Gal - beta 1 , 3 - GlcNAc ; LNB ) predominates as a major core structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "lacto - N - biose I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "Gal - beta 1 , 3 - GlcNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 130]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A unique metabolic pathway specific for LNB has recently been identified in the human commensal bifidobacteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several strains of infant gut - associated bifidobacteria possess lacto - N - biosidase , a membrane - anchored extracellular enzyme , that liberates LNB from the nonreducing end of human milk oligosaccharides and plays a key role in the metabolic pathway of these compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 75]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lacto - N - biosidase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 20 , and its reaction proceeds via a substrate - assisted catalytic mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several crystal structures of GH20 beta - N - acetylhexosaminidases , which release monosaccharide GlcNAc from its substrate , have been determined , but to date , a structure of lacto - N - biosidase is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "monosaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "GlcNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have determined the first three - dimensional structures of lacto - N - biosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1254 in complex with LNB and LNB - thiazoline ( Gal - beta 1 , 3 - GlcNAc - thiazoline ) at 1 . 8 - A resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 79]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "LNB - thiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 169]}, {"entity": "Gal - beta 1 , 3 - GlcNAc - thiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lacto - N - biosidase consists of three domains , and the C - terminal domain has a unique beta - trefoil - like fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with other beta - N - acetylhexosaminidases , lacto - N - biosidase has a wide substrate - binding pocket with a - 2 subsite specific for beta - 1 , 3 - linked Gal , and the residues responsible for Gal recognition were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 28]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}, {"entity": "Gal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}, {"entity": "Gal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bound ligands are recognized by extensive hydrogen bonds at all of their hydroxyls consistent with the enzyme ' s strict substrate specificity for the LNB moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "hydroxyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GlcNAc sugar ring of LNB is in a distorted conformation near ( 4 ) E , whereas that of LNB - thiazoline is in a ( 4 ) C1 conformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "GlcNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "LNB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "thiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible conformational pathway for the lacto - N - biosidase reaction is discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Degradation and Rearrangement of a Lung Surfactant Lipid at the Air - Water Interface during Exposure to the Pollutant Gas Ozone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of unsaturated lipids in lung surfactant is important for proper respiratory function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we have used neutron reflection and surface pressure measurements to study the reaction of the ubiquitous pollutant gas - phase ozone , O3 , with pure and mixed phospholipid monolayers at the air - water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 148]}, {"entity": "O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results reveal that the reaction of the unsaturated lipid 1 - palmitoyl - 2 - oleoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine , POPC , with ozone leads to the rapid loss of the terminal C9 portion of the oleoyl strand of POPC from the air - water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - palmitoyl - 2 - oleoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 124]}, {"entity": "POPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "oleoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 209]}, {"entity": "POPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The loss of the C9 portion from the interface is accompanied by an increase in the surface pressure ( decrease in surface tension ) of the film at the air - water interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that the portion of the oxidized oleoyl strand that is still attached to the lipid headgroup rapidly reverses its orientation and penetrates the air - water interface alongside the original headgroup , thus increasing the surface pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction of POPC with ozone also leads to a loss of material from the palmitoyl strand , but the loss of palmitoyl material occurs after the loss of the terminal C9 portion from the oleoyl strand of the molecule , suggesting that the palmitoyl material is lost in a secondary reaction step .", "entity": [{"entity": "POPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "palmitoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "palmitoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "oleoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "palmitoyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further experiments studying the reaction of mixed monolayers composed of unsaturated lipid POPC and saturated lipid dipalmitoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine , DPPC , revealed that no loss of DPPC from the air - water interface occurs , eliminating the possibility that a reactive species such as an OH radical is formed and is able to attack nearby lipid chains .", "entity": [{"entity": "POPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "dipalmitoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 164]}, {"entity": "DPPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "DPPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction of ozone with the mixed films does cause a significant change in the surface pressure of the air - water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the reaction of unsaturated lipids in lung surfactant changes and impairs the physical properties of the film at the air - water interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MD simulations of the formation of stable clusters in mixtures of alkaline salts and imidazolium - based ionic liquids .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "imidazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural and dynamical properties of room - temperature ionic liquids containing the cation 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium ( [ BMIM ] ( + ) ) and three different anions ( hexafluorophosphate , [ PF6 ] ( - ) , tetrafluoroborate , [ BF4 ] ( - ) , and bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide , [ NTf2 ] ( - ) ) doped with several molar fractions of lithium salts with a common anion at 298 . 15 K and 1 atm were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 127]}, {"entity": "[ BMIM ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "hexafluorophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 195]}, {"entity": "[ PF6 ] ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "tetrafluoroborate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 231]}, {"entity": "[ BF4 ] ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "bis ( trifluoromethylsulfonyl ) imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 291]}, {"entity": "[ NTf2 ] ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 308]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [349, 356]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the size of the salt cation was also analyzed by comparing these results with those for mixtures of [ BMIM ] [ PF6 ] with NaPF6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ BMIM ] [ PF6 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "NaPF6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium / sodium solvation and ionic mobilities were analyzed via the study of radial distribution functions , coordination numbers , cage autocorrelation functions , mean - square displacements ( including the analysis of both ballistic and diffusive regimes ) , self - diffusion coefficients of all the ionic species , velocity and current autocorrelation functions , and ionic conductivity in all the ionic liquid / salt systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that lithium and sodium cations are strongly coordinated in two different positions with the anion present in the mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , [ Li ] ( + ) and [ Na ] ( + ) cations were found to form bonded - like , long - lived aggregates with the anions in their first solvation shell , which act as very stable kinetic entities within which a marked rattling motion of salt ions takes place .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ Li ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "[ Na ] ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With very long MD simulation runs , this phenomenon is proved to be on the basis of the decrease of self - diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivities previously reported in experimental and computational results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Emerging Use of Ketamine for Anesthesia and Sedation in Traumatic Brain Injuries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Traditionally , the use of ketamine for patients with traumatic brain injuries is contraindicated due to the concern of increasing intracranial pressure ( ICP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These concerns , however , originated from early studies and case reports that were inadequately controlled and designed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the concern of using ketamine in these patients has been challenged by a number of published studies demonstrating that the use of ketamine was safe in these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : The purpose of this article was to review the current literature in regards to using ketamine in patients with traumatic brain injuries in different clinical settings associated with anesthesia , as well as review the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ketamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Studies examining the use of ketamine for induction , maintenance , and sedation in patients with TBI have had promising results .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of ketamine in a controlled ventilation setting and in combination with other sedative agents has demonstrated no increase in ICP .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The role of ketamine as a neuroprotective agent in humans remains inconclusive and adequately powered ; randomized controlled trials performed in patients undergoing surgery for traumatic brain injury are necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Killed Bacillus subtilis spores expressing streptavidin : a novel carrier of drugs to target cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Carriers of drugs in cancer therapy are required to reduce side - effects of the drugs to normal cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we constructed killed recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores ( SA1 ) that expressed streptavidin as a chimeric fusion to the spore coat protein CotB and used the spores as bioparticle carrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When bound with biotinylated cetuximab these spores could specifically target to the epidermal growth factor receptor on HT 29 colon cancer cells , thereby delivered paclitaxel to the cells with 4 - fold higher efficiency , as indicated by fluorescent intensity of paclitaxel Oregon Green 488 bound to HT29 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 275]}, {"entity": "Oregon Green 488", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on real - time monitoring of cell index , the IC50 of growth of HT29 cells by paclitaxel - SA1 - cetuximab was estimated to be 2 . 9 nM approximately 5 - fold lower than water - soluble paclitaxel ( 14 . 5 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instability of DNA content was observed when cells were treated with 16 nM paclitaxel - SA1 - cetuximab , resulting in a 2 - fold enhancement in polyploidy cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , by targeting the release of paclitaxel to HT29 cells , spore - associated cetuximab augmented the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on cell division and proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SA1 could be used as a \" universal \" drug carrier to target specific biomarkers on cancer cells by conjugating with suitable biotinylated antibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9G DNAChip Technology : Self - Assembled Monolayer ( SAM ) of ssDNA for Ultra - Sensitive Detection of Biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 9G DNAChip obtained by allowing the formation of a self - assembled monolayer ( SAM ) of oligonucleotides appended with nine consecutive guanines on the chip surface has been applied in the detection of biomarkers .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a 9G DNAChip , biomarker in the concentration range of 4 pg / mL to 40 fg / mL can be easily differentiated in the buffer matrix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it is the first time that a biomarker with a concentration of 40 fg / mL has been detected in a mixture of proteins without use of any signal amplification technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preclinical Activity of Simvastatin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G1 via Blockade of Cyclin D - Cdk4 Expression in Non - Small Cell Lung Cancer ( NSCLC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer - related death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonetheless , a decrease in overall incidence and mortality has been observed in the last 30 years due to prevention strategies and improvements in the use of chemotherapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent studies , Simvastatin ( SIM ) has demonstrated anti - tumor activity , as well as potent chemopreventive action .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an inhibitor of 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl - coenzyme A reductase ( HMG - CoA ) , SIM has been shown to stimulate apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl - coenzyme A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 64]}, {"entity": "HMG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , an MTT assay revealed the cytotoxic activity of SIM against human large cell lung cancer ( Non - small cell lung cancer ; NSCLC ) cells ( NCI - H460 ) ; however , induced apoptosis was not observed in NCI - H460 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein expression levels of cell cycle regulating proteins Cdk4 , Cyclin D1 , p16 and p27 were markedly altered by SIM .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , our results indicate that SIM inhibits cell proliferation and arrests NCI - H460 cell cycle progression via inhibition of cyclin - dependent kinases and cyclins and the enhancement of CDK inhibitors p16 and p27 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that , in addition to the known effects on hypercholesterolemia therapy , SIM may also provide antitumor activity in established NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituted 1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes as FtsZ - targeting antibacterial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agents that disrupt Z - ring formation have the potential , through this unique mechanism , to be effective against several of the newly emerging multidrug - resistant strains of infectious bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several 1 - phenylbenzo [ c ] phenanthridines exhibit notable antibacterial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - phenylbenzo [ c ] phenanthridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon their structural similarity to these compounds , a distinct series of substituted 1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the effect of select 1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes on the polymerization dynamics of S . aureus FtsZ and mammalian beta - tubulin was also assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 6 - diphenylnaphthalenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of a basic functional group or a quaternary ammonium substituent on the 6 - phenylnaphthalene was required for significant antibacterial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "quaternary ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 65]}, {"entity": "6 - phenylnaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diphenylnaphthalene derivatives that were active as antibiotics , did exert a pronounced effect on bacterial FtsZ polymerization and do not appear to cross - react with mammalian tubulin to any significant degree .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diphenylnaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of the 5 - hydroxymethylcytosine - specific DNA restriction endonucleases .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - hydroxymethylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In T4 bacteriophage , 5 - hydroxymethylcytosine ( 5hmC ) is incorporated into DNA during replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - hydroxymethylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 47]}, {"entity": "5hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response , bacteria may have developed modification - dependent type IV restriction enzymes to defend the cell from T4 - like infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PvuRts1I was the first identified restriction enzyme to exhibit specificity toward hmC over 5 - methylcytosine ( 5mC ) and cytosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "5 - methylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 110]}, {"entity": "5mC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using PvuRts1I as the original member , we identified and characterized a number of homologous proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most enzymes exhibited similar cutting properties to PvuRts1I , creating a double - stranded cleavage on the 3 ' side of the modified cytosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , for efficient cutting , the enzymes require two cytosines 21 - 22 - nt apart and on opposite strands where one cytosine must be modified .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytosines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the specificity determination unveiled a new layer of complexity where the enzymes not only have specificity for 5 - beta - glucosylated hmC ( 5 beta ghmC ) but also 5 - alpha - glucosylated hmC ( 5 alpha ghmC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - beta - glucosylated hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 156]}, {"entity": "5 beta ghmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "5 - alpha - glucosylated hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 210]}, {"entity": "5 alpha ghmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some cases , the enzymes are inhibited by 5 beta ghmC , whereas in others they are inhibited by 5 alpha ghmC .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 beta ghmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "5 alpha ghmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations indicate that the position of the sugar ring relative to the base is a determining factor in the substrate specificity of the PvuRts1I homologues .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , we envision that the unique properties of select PvuRts1I homologues will permit their use as an additive or alternative tool to map the hydroxymethylome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chirality sensing using stereodynamic probes with distinct electronic circular dichroism output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Circular dichroism ( CD ) spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for the stereochemical analysis of chiral biopolymers and fine chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has become invaluable for the assignment of the absolute configuration , the study of conformational isomers , and the determination of racemization kinetics of CD active chiral compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular interactions between a nonracemic chiral substrate and a chromophoric , CD - silent probe that is achiral or exists as a racemic mixture of rapidly interconverting enantiomeric conformations or configurations can induce a strong , characteristic chiroptical readout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A covalent or noncovalent binding event that coincides with a well - defined asymmetric induction process can effectively imprint the chiral information of the substrate on the stereodynamic sensor and thus generate intense Cotton effects in the UV region of the latter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The probe can thus function as a stereochemical reporter unit and analysis of the CD spectrum often provides accurate information about the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the substrate used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , recent developments in circular dichroism analysis of chiral compounds with stereodynamic probes are described and particular emphasis is given to sensor design , chiral induction processes and applications scope .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of mitochondria - mediated apoptosis in cancer cells by ruthenium ( ii ) asymmetric complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ruthenium ( ii )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four ruthenium ( ii ) asymmetric complexes , [ Ru ( bpy ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + ) ( bpy = 2 , 2 ' - bipyridine , PAIDH = 2 - pyridyl - 1H - anthra [ 1 , 2 - d ] imidazole - 6 , 11 - dione , ) , [ Ru ( phen ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + ) ( phen = 1 , 10 - phenanthroline , ) , [ Ru ( dmp ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + ) ( dmp = 4 , 7 - dimethyl - 1 , 10 - phenanthroline , ) and [ Ru ( dip ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + ) ( dip = 4 , 7 - diphenyl - 1 , 10 - phenanthroline , ) , have been synthesized and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "ruthenium ( ii )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "[ Ru ( bpy ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 79]}, {"entity": "bpy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - bipyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "PAIDH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "2 - pyridyl - 1H - anthra [ 1 , 2 - d ] imidazole - 6 , 11 - dione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 185]}, {"entity": "[ Ru ( phen ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 227]}, {"entity": "phen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 234]}, {"entity": "1 , 10 - phenanthroline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 260]}, {"entity": "[ Ru ( dmp ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 301]}, {"entity": "dmp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 307]}, {"entity": "4 , 7 - dimethyl - 1 , 10 - phenanthroline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 352]}, {"entity": "[ Ru ( dip ) 2 ( PAIDH ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 395]}, {"entity": "dip", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [398, 401]}, {"entity": "4 , 7 - diphenyl - 1 , 10 - phenanthroline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [404, 446]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These complexes displayed potent anti - proliferation activity against various cancer cell lines and had high selectivity between tumor cells and normal cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HeLa cells exhibited the highest sensitivity to complex , accounting for the greatest cellular uptake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex was shown to accumulate preferentially in the mitochondria of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway , which involved ROS generation , mitochondrial membrane potential depolarisation , and Bcl - 2 and caspase family members activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrated that complex induced cancer cell apoptosis by acting on mitochondrial pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of RAS / beta - catenin interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signaling through the WNT / beta - catenin and the RAS ( rat sarcoma ) / MAPK ( mitogen - activated protein kinase ) pathways plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological cellular processes including proliferation , differentiation , and cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrant mutational activation of these signaling pathways is closely linked to the development of cancer in many organs , in humans as well as in laboratory animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past years , more and more evidence for a close linkage of the two oncogenic signaling cascades has accumulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using different experimental approaches , model systems , and experimental conditions , a variety of molecular mechanisms have been identified by which signal transduction through WNT / beta - catenin and RAS interact , either in a synergistic or an antagonistic manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of interaction comprise an upstream crosstalk at the level of pathway - activating ligands and their receptors , interrelations of cytosolic kinases involved in either pathways , as well as interaction in the nucleus related to the joint regulation of target gene transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we present a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the interaction of RAS / MAPK - and WNT / beta - catenin - driven signal transduction in mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress and Developments in Tau Aggregation Inhibitors for Alzheimer Disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological approaches directed toward Alzheimer disease are diversifying in parallel with a growing number of promising targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigations on the microtubule - associated protein tau yielded innovative targets backed by recent findings about the central role of tau in numerous neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we summarize the recent evolution in the development of nonpeptidic small molecules tau aggregation inhibitors ( TAGIs ) and their advancement toward clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds are classified according to their chemical structures , providing correlative insights into their pharmacology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , shared structure - activity traits are emerging , as well as specific binding modes related to their ability to engage in hydrogen bonding .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medicinal chemistry efforts on TAGIs together with encouraging in vivo data argue for successful translation to the clinic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of Chloronitrobenzamides ( CNBs ) as Therapeutic Leads for Human African Trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloronitrobenzamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 37]}, {"entity": "CNBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported the discovery of the activity of chloronitrobenzamides ( CNBs ) against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloronitrobenzamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 77]}, {"entity": "CNBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we disclose extensive structure - activity relationship and structure - property relationship studies aimed at identification of tractable early leads for clinical development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies revealed a promising lead compound , 17b , that exhibited nanomolar potency against T . brucei ( EC50 = 27 nM for T . b . brucei , 7 nM for T . b . rhodesiense , and 2 nM for T . b . gambiense ) with excellent selectivity for parasite cells relative to mammalian cell lines ( EC50 > 25 mu M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition compound 17b displayed suitable physiochemical characteristics and microsomal stability ( t1 / 2 > 4 h for human and mouse ) to justify pursuing in vivo studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of Primary Substituted Hydrocarbons onto Solid Gallium Substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of a series of primary substituted hydrocarbons ( RX ; C18H37PO ( OH ) 2 ( ODPA ) , C17H35COOH , C18H37OH , C18H37NH2 , and C18H37SH ) onto solid gallium substrates with and without UV / ozone treatment was studied using contact angle goniometry , spectroscopic ellipsometry , and cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "C18H37PO ( OH ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 83]}, {"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "C17H35COOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "C18H37OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "C18H37NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "C18H37SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UV / ozone treatment offered a hydrophilic surface ( water contact angle ( theta ( water ) ) less than 10 degrees ) , reflecting the formation of a surface oxide layer with the maximum thickness of ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 nm and possibly the removal of surface contaminants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon immersion in a toluene solution of a RX , theta ( water ) increased due to adsorption of the RX onto gallium substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , UV / ozone - treated gallium substrates ( UV - Ga ) immersed in an ODPA solution exhibited theta ( water ) close to 105 degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Ga", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ellipsometric thickness of the adsorbed ODPA layer was ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 . 4 nm , and CV data measured in an acetonitrile solution showed significant inhibition of redox reaction on the substrate surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate the formation of a densely packed ODPA monolayer on UV - Ga .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "Ga", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coverage of a C17H35COOH layer adsorbed onto UV - Ga was lower , as shown by smaller theta ( water ) ( ca . 99 degrees ) , smaller ellipsometric thickness ( ca . 1 . 3 nm ) , and smaller electrode reaction inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "C17H35COOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "Ga", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of the other RX onto UV - Ga was weaker , as indicated by smaller theta ( water ) ( 82 degrees - 92 degrees ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ga", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ODPA did not strongly adsorb onto UV - untreated gallium substrates , suggesting that the ODPA adsorption mainly originates from hydrogen bond interaction of a phosphonate group with surface oxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "ODPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "phosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 171]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results will provide a means for controlling the surface properties of oxide - coated gallium that play an essential role in monolayer conductivity measurements and electroanalytical applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "gallium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diarylheptanoids and Flavonoids from Viscum album Inhibit LPS - Stimulated Production of Pro - inflammatory Cytokines in Bone Marrow - Derived Dendritic Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new diarylheptanoids , ( 3S , 5R ) - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - heptene ( 1 ) , ( 3S , 5S ) - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - heptene ( 2 ) , and ( 3S ) - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - hepten - 5 - one ( 3 ) , four new flavonoid glycosides , 3 , 7 , 3 ' - tri - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 4 ) , 7 , 3 ' - di - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - [ 6 ''' - ( 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaroyl ) ] - alpha - d - glucopyranoside ( 5 ) , 7 , 3 ' - di - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - [ ( 6 ' ' ' ' ' --> 5 ' ' ' ' ) - O - 1 ' ' ' ' ' - ( sinap - 4 - yl ) - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 6 ''' - ( 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaroyl ) ] - alpha - d - glucopyranoside ( 6 ) , and ( 2S ) - 5 - hydroxy - 7 , 3 ' - dimethoxyflavanone - 4 ' - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 5 ) - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 9 ) , and 17 known compounds were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Viscum album .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "( 3S , 5R ) - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - heptene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 119]}, {"entity": "( 3S , 5S ) - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - heptene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 218]}, {"entity": "( 3S ) - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 7 - bis ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 6E - hepten - 5 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 311]}, {"entity": "flavonoid glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 349]}, {"entity": "3 , 7 , 3 ' - tri - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 475]}, {"entity": "7 , 3 ' - di - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - [ 6 ''' - ( 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaroyl ) ] - alpha - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [484, 646]}, {"entity": "7 , 3 ' - di - O - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - [ ( 6 ' ' ' ' ' --> 5 ' ' ' ' ) - O - 1 ' ' ' ' ' - ( sinap - 4 - yl ) - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 6 ''' - ( 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaroyl ) ] - alpha - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [655, 916]}, {"entity": "( 2S ) - 5 - hydroxy - 7 , 3 ' - dimethoxyflavanone - 4 ' - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 5 ) - O - beta - d - apiofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 2 ) - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [929, 1109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 , 4 , and 19 significantly inhibited LPS - stimulated production of TNF - alpha , IL - 6 , and IL - 12p40 with IC50 values ranging from 0 . 09 +/- 0 . 01 to 8 . 96 +/- 0 . 45 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( + ) - Medioresinol ( 13 ) showed inhibitory effects on LPS - stimulated production of IL - 12p40 with an IC50 value of 2 . 00 +/- 0 . 15 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "( + ) - Medioresinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrathin 2D Coordination Polymer Nanosheets by Surfactant - Mediated Synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low - dimensional nanostructures offer a host of intriguing properties which are distinct from those of the bulk material , owing to size - confinement effects and amplified surface areas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report on the scalable , bottom - up synthesis of ultrathin coordination polymer nanosheets via surfactant - mediated synthesis and subsequent exfoliation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Layers of a two - dimensional ( 2D ) zinc coordination polymer are self - assembled in the interlamellar space of a reverse microemulsion mesophase into stacks of nanosheets interleaved with cethyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB ) at regular intervals , thus giving rise to a lamellar hybrid mesostructure with a lattice period of ~ 8 nm and an underlying highly crystalline substructure .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "cethyltrimethylammonium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 222]}, {"entity": "CTAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basic structural motif is composed of 2D acetato - benzimidazolato - zinc layers of tetrahedrally coordinated zinc joined together by anionic acetate and benzimidazolate ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetato - benzimidazolato - zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 77]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "benzimidazolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hierarchical structure was studied by PXRD , TEM , EDX , EELS , AFM , and solid - state NMR spectroscopy , revealing a high level of order on both the atomic and mesoscale , suggesting fairly strong interactions along the organic - inorganic hybrid interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exfoliation of the hybrid material in organic solvents such as THF and chloroform yields sheet - and belt - like nanostructures with lateral sizes between 10 ' s and 100 ' s of nanometers and a height of about 10 nm measured by AFM , which precisely maps the basal spacing of the lamellar mesostructure ; further exfoliation results in nanobelts with minimum sizes around 4 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "THF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the sheetlike nanostructures behave as morphological chameleons , transforming into highly regular multiwalled coordination polymer nanotubes upon treatment with organic solvents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational study of the coordination of methane to first row transition metal dication complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "transition metal dication complexes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coordination of methane , the first step in methane activation , to coordinately unsaturated first row transition metal dication complexes has been studied computationally to determine the most stable metal - methane interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "transition metal dication complexes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 142]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The geometries and the vibrational frequencies of the encounter complexes [ M ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + ) have been determined using density functional theory with the omega B97XD hybrid functional and triple - zeta basis sets .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ M ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure is dependent on the metal center ; for the early transition metals eta ( 3 ) coordination is favored , whereas eta ( 2 ) is more favorable for the later transition metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "transition metals", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "transition metals", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The periodic trend in methane binding energies in the [ M ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + ) complexes follows the trend in electron affinity until the Mn complex but then exhibits decreasing energies from Fe to Zn .", "entity": [{"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "[ M ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 90]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 206]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is attributed to increasing Pauli repulsion and ligand - ligand repulsion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the most stable complex , [ Cr ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + ) , the structures , energies , and spin states of the key intermediates and products in the oxidative addition / reductive elimination pathway have been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ Cr ( pyridine ) 2 ( CH4 ) ] ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and indicates that two - state reactivity may play an important role in lowering the energy of the hydridomethyl intermediate .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydridomethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic interactions of epigallocatechin gallate and oxytetracycline against various drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 52]}, {"entity": "oxytetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) , the major catechin contained in tea leaves , is known to possess the synergistic anti - staphylococcal activity in combination with various beta - lactam antibiotics and tetracycline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "beta - lactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 189]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we explored the in vitro combinatory effect of EGCG in combination with oxytetracycline against eight standard strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus , including erythromycin , methicillin and tetracycline resistant strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "oxytetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 110]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 213]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 227]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the broth microdilution assay and the data were evaluated according to the sum of fractional inhibitory concentrations ( sum FIC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed synergistic and additive interactions against all S . aureus strains tested ( sum FIC 0 . 288 - 0 . 631 ) , two of which were multidrug resistant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to our best knowledge , it is the first report on the EGCG synergy with oxytetracycline .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "oxytetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering its significant synergistic antimicrobial effect and low toxicity , we suggest EGCG as a promising compound for the development of new anti - staphylococcal formulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Orally bioavailable and brain - penetrant pyridazine and pyridine - derived gamma - secretase modulators reduced amyloidogenic A beta peptides in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of amyloid beta ( A beta ) in brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A beta is generated after sequential cleavage of its parental molecule , amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) , by beta - and gamma - secretases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of gamma - secretase activity is an effective approach for the reduction of A beta levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since gamma - secretase targets many different substrates , selective inhibition of its cleavage of APP is believed to be critical in order to avoid undesirable side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "gamma - Secretase modulator ( GSM ) shifts the cleavage site on APP and production of amyloidogenic to non - amyloidogenic A beta fragments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since GSMs only modulate and do not block cleavage of gamma - secretase substrates , they are believed less likely to produce untoward adverse reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report in vivo A beta - lowering profiles of a pyridazine and a pyridine - derived GSM : GSM - C ( Wan et al . , 2011a ) and GSM - D ( Wan et al . , 2011b ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyridazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds reduced A beta 40 and A beta 42 productions , increased shorter A beta fragments , and had little effect on Notch signaling ( ~ 100 - fold selective ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They had excellent oral bioavailability ( 97 . 8 % for GSM - C , ~ 100 % for GSM - D ) and good brain permeability ( free brain to free blood AUC ratio of 0 . 41 and 1 . 10 for GSM - C and GSM - D , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of these compounds in both acute and sub - chronic conditions reduced A beta levels in plasma and brain in rats in a dose - and time - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , GSM - C and GSM - D represent two GSMs that are orally bioavailable and brain - permeable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They could serve as excellent tools in the investigation of the role of A beta peptides in AD pathogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research on cholinesterases in the Soviet Union and Russia : A historical perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research on cholinesterases and effects of their inhibition in the USSR and Russia since 1930 - 1940s till present is exposed in historical aspects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first physiological and toxicological effects of cholinesterase inhibition were reported by Alexander Ginetsinsky during World War II , when academic institutions were evacuated from Leningrad to Kazan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main scientific schools that initiated research on chemistry , enzymology and physiology of cholinesterases and their inhibitors were leaded by Alexandr and Boris Arbuzovs , Victor Rozengart , Viktor Yakovlev , Michael Michelson , Martin Kabachnik , Mikhail Voronkov , Ivan Knunyants , Alexandr Bretskin and others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They investigated the main physiological effects of cholinesterase inhibitors , and analyzed the catalytic mechanisms of cholinesterases and related enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their contributions are landmarks in the history of cholinesterase research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the present time revival of research on cholinesterases in different universities and institutes is vivid , in particular at the Moscow State University , research institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences and Kazan Scientific Center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of bark and empty pod extracts from Acacia auriculiformis against paracetamol intoxicated liver injury and alloxan induced type II diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "alloxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is designed to decipher a clinical evidence and biochemical support for hepatoprotective and antidiabetic efficacy of Acacia auriculiformis by its bark and empty pods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal models with paracetamol intoxicated liver injury and alloxan induced diabetes were used in a 7 and 14days trial respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "alloxan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interventions were tested at 200 and 400mg / kg b . w . for bark extract ; 100 and 200mg / kg b . w . for empty pod extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both interventions restored the liver function markers ( alanine transaminase : ALT , aspartate transaminase : AST , alkaline phosphatase : ALP , total bilirubin and total protein ) and hepatic antioxidants ( superoxide dismutase : SOD , catalase : CAT , reduced glutathione : GSH and glutathione peroxidase : GPx ) to the normal levels than elevated levels noticed on paracetamol control at P < 0 . 001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 219]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 274]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 280]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 296]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 380]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of hepatoarchitecture has also been registered and the hepatoprotection is comparable to the reference drug silymarin .", "entity": [{"entity": "silymarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , substantial elevations of blood glucose , distorted lipid profile ( total cholesterol : TC , triglycerides : TGs , high density lipoprotein cholesterol : HDL - C and low density lipoprotein cholesterol : LDL - C ) and kidney function signs ( creatinine and urea ) have been refurbished to the desirable levels on par with the standard antidiabetic glibenclamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 213]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 264]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 273]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 373]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results signify the importance of bark and empty pod extracts of A . auriculiformis as good therapeutic candidates for liver injury and diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of study design and sex - differences on results from developmental neurotoxicity studies of bisphenol A , implications for toxicity testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental neurotoxicity ( DNT ) of bisphenol A ( BPA ) has been investigated in a large number of studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there are discrepancies in the results reported between the studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to identify and analyze factors that may contribute to these differences and to assess whether there are sex - differences in the sensitivity of certain endpoints or tests used in DNT - studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - four DNT studies of BPA were identified from the open literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Details about study design and results from each study , as well as the criteria for DNT testing according to the standardized OECD test guideline ( TG ) 426 , were collected in a database .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enabled systematic and detailed comparisons between studies as well as to the criteria and recommendations stated in TG 426 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analyses were also used to investigate how different factors of the study design contributed to differences in study results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyses showed behavioral effects were often observed for endpoints that are not required according to OECD TG 426 , such as anxiety - related , social and sexual behaviors , especially at very low doses and in female offspring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand relatively few studies observed any effects on motor activity , which is commonly used in screening for neurotoxic effects in regulatory testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , varied and to some extent seemingly contradictory results have been reported in these studies , especially for endpoints related to motor activity and anxiety and exploration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many studies were also poorly reported , limiting these analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No strong conclusions could be drawn from the multivariate analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few factors of study design , such as the size of the dose and number of dose levels used and the use of litter or individual pup as statistical unit seemed to have some influence on study results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this analysis suggests that DNT - studies conducted according to the standardized OECD TG 426 may overlook sensitive effects of BPA , and possibly other potential endocrine disruptors , especially in female offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - throughput quantification of the mechanical competence of murine femora - A highly automated approach for large - scale genetic studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal models are widely used to gain insight into the role of genetics on bone structure and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the main strategies to map the genes regulating specific traits is called quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) analysis , which generally requires a very large number of animals ( often more than 1000 ) to reach statistical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QTL analysis for mechanical traits has been mainly based on experimental mechanical testing , which , in view of the large number of animals , is time consuming .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the goal of the present work was to introduce an automated method for large - scale high - throughput quantification of the mechanical properties of murine femora .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically , our aims were , first , to develop and validate an automated method to quantify murine femoral bone stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , to test its high - throughput capabilities on murine femora from a large genetic study , more specifically , femora from two growth hormone ( GH ) deficient inbred strains of mice ( B6 - lit / lit and C3 . B6 - lit / lit ) and their first ( F1 ) and second ( F2 ) filial offsprings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Automated routines were developed to convert micro - computed tomography ( micro - CT ) images of femora into micro - finite element ( micro - FE ) models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was experimentally validated on femora from C57BL / 6J and C3H / HeJ mice : for both inbred strains the micro - FE models closely matched the experimentally measured bone stiffness when using a single tissue modulus of 13 . 06GPa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanical analysis of the entire dataset ( n = 1990 ) took approximately 44 CPU hours on a supercomputer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our approach , in combination with QTL analysis could help to locate genes directly involved in controlling bone mechanical competence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pediatric insecticide chalk exposures reported to Texas poison centers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pesticide Miraculous Insecticide Chalk ( TM ) is illegal in the United States but can be obtained through a variety of sources .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because it is a stick similar in appearance to common blackboard chalk , children might play with it and put it in their mouths .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All Miraculous Insecticide Chalk exposures involving children 5 years or younger reported to Texas poison centers during 2000 - 2010 were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution by selected demographic and clinical factors was calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the total 188 exposures , the mean age was 1 . 5 years ( range 6 months - 5 years ) and 60 . 6 % were male .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ingestions were reported in 97 . 3 % of the exposures , and these were reported to involve at most one stick of the chalk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest exposure rates per 100 , 000 population of 5 years or younger were reported in the Public Health Regions in northern and eastern Texas ( 0 . 00 - 2 . 30 ) and the highest rates in the Public Health Regions in southern and western Texas ( 19 . 08 - 39 . 50 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 187 exposures not involving other substances , 96 . 8 % were known or expected to result in at most minor effects , and 71 . 1 % were managed on site ( at residence ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and application of FePt / CNTs nanocomposite as a sensor and novel amide ligand as a mediator for simultaneous determination of glutathione , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and tryptophan .", "entity": [{"entity": "FePt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 82]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 185]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we report the synthesis and application of a FePt / CNTs nanocomposite as a highly sensitive sensor and novel amide ligand ( 9 , 10 - dihydro - 9 , 10 - ethanoanthracene - 11 , 12 - dicarboximido ) - 4 - ethylbenzene - 1 , 2 - diol as a mediator for the determination of glutathione ( GSH ) , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH ) and tryptophan ( Trp ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FePt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "( 9 , 10 - dihydro - 9 , 10 - ethanoanthracene - 11 , 12 - dicarboximido ) - 4 - ethylbenzene - 1 , 2 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 247]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 298]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 304]}, {"entity": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 342]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [345, 349]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [356, 366]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 372]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized materials were characterized with different methods such as NMR , IR spectroscopy , TEM , XRD , FESEM , cyclic voltammetry , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry ( SWV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified electrode exhibited a potent and persistent electron mediating behavior followed by well - separated oxidation peaks of GSH , NADH and Trp .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peak currents were linearly dependent on GSH , NADH and Trp concentrations in the range of 0 . 08 - 220 , 1 . 0 - 400 and 5 . 0 - 500 mu mol L ( - 1 ) , with detection limits of 0 . 05 , 0 . 8 and 1 . 0 mu mol L ( - 1 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "Trp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modified electrode was used for the determination of these compounds in real samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Channel Size Conversion of Phi29 DNA - Packaging Nanomotor for Discrimination of Single - and Double - Stranded Nucleic Acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanopores have been utilized to detect the conformation and dynamics of polymers , including DNA and RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological pores are extremely reproducible at the atomic level with uniform channel sizes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The channel of the bacterial virus phi29 DNA - packaging motor is a natural conduit for the transportation of double - stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) and has the largest diameter among the well - studied biological channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The larger channel facilitates translocation of dsDNA and offers more space for further channel modification and conjugation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the relatively large wild - type channel , which translocates dsDNA , cannot detect single - stranded nucleic acids ( ssDNA or ssRNA ) under the current experimental conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we reengineered this motor channel by removing the internal loop segment of the channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modification resulted in two classes of channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One class was the same size as the wild - type channel , while the other class had a cross - sectional area about 60 % of the wild - type .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This smaller channel was able to detect the real - time translocation of single - stranded nucleic acids at single - molecule level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the wild - type connector exhibited a one - way traffic property with respect to dsDNA translocation , the loop - deleted connector was able to translocate ssDNA and ssRNA with equal competencies from both termini .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding of size alterations in reengineered motor channels expands the potential application of the phi29 DNA - packaging motor in nanomedicine , nanobiotechnology , and high - throughput single - pore DNA sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Columnar Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma : A Study of Ten Cases with Emphasis On CDX - 2 Expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Columnar cell variant is a recognized rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with an uncertain clinical course .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This variant has two sub variants , and one is regarded as a more aggressive form in comparison to the more common classical and follicular variants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These tumors have morphological resemblance with endometrial or colonic adenocarcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CDX2 , a transcription factor of the caudal homeobox family , plays a key role in intestinal development and differentiation and it is widely used as a marker to detect adenocarcinoma of intestinal and colonic origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CDX2 has been rarely reported in papillary thyroid carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : We studied ten cases of columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The histological , architectural , and cytological features fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma as defined by the current WHO classification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten patients ( 6M : 4F ) ranging from 32 to 90 years of age ( mean 58 . 3 years ) presented with tumors classified as indolent ( 4 cases ) or aggressive ( 6 cases ) ; 3 with BRAFV600E mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All cases were - Catenin negative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ki - 67 proliferative index was up to 50 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All cases were TTF - 1 positive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using paraffin embedded blocks , immunohistochemistry for CDX2 was performed to evaluate the reactivity of this antibody to this variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Nuclear positivity for CDX2 was detected in one out of the ten cases studied ( 10 % ) ; the other nine cases did not express CDX2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Only one of our cases showed nuclear positivity for CDX2 , therefore our study failed to confirm this as a marker for columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of CDX2 in the majority of the cases does not support the theory of CDX2 playing a role in the intestinal phenotype of these tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KEYWORDS : Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma , CDX - 2 , Columnar Cell , Immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in the United States : National Children ' s Study and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : This report presents iodine data from NHANES and from a sample of pregnant women in the National Children ' s Study ( NCS ) Vanguard Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : UI was measured in a one third subsample of NHANES 2005 - 2006 , and 2009 - 2010 participants and in all 2007 - 2008 participants age six years and older .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These measurements are representative of the general U . S . population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UI was also measured in a convenience sample of 501 pregnant women enrolled in the NCS initial Vanguard Study from seven study sites across the U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : NHANES median UI concentration in 2009 - 2010 ( 144 micro g / L ) was significantly lower than in 2007 - 2008 ( 164 micro g / L ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - Hispanic blacks had the lowest UI concentrations ( 131 micro g / L ) compared to non - Hispanic whites or Hispanics ( 147 and 148 micro g / L , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median for all pregnant women in NHANES 2005 - 2010 was less than adequate ( 129 micro g / L ) , the third trimester women had UI concentrations that were adequate ( median UI 172 micro g / L ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third trimester women participating in the NCS study similarly had an adequate level of iodine intake , with a median UI concentration of 167 micro g / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , NCS median UI concentrations varied by geographic location .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : Dairy , but not salt , seafood or grain consumption , was significantly positively associated with median UI concentration in women of childbearing age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant women in their third trimester in the NHANES 2005 - 2010 had adequate median UI concentrations , but pregnant women in NHANES who were in their first or second trimesters had median UI concentrations that were less than adequate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - Hispanic black pregnant women from both the NHANES 2005 - 20010 and the NCS consistently had lower UI median concentrations than non - Hispanic whites or Hispanics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of U - 500 regular insulin in the management of patients with obesity and insulin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rise in prevalence of obesity and diabetes has created a challenge in managing increasing numbers of patients who require high doses of insulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews the published literature on the properties of U - 500 insulin and its use in clinical practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U - 500 insulin is likely to have a longer time to peak effect and a longer duration of action than similar doses of U - 100 insulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for its use in clinical practice rests on retrospective case series , which suggests that the use of U - 500 insulin either by multiple daily injections or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is effective in improving glycaemic control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prevent insulin dosing and administration errors , great care must be taken in providing staff and patient education , and in developing policies for the management of patients on U - 500 insulin who are admitted to hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of insulin analogues in pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excellent glycaemic control is essential in pregnancy to optimise maternal and foetal outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of insulin analogues in pregnancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin lispro and insulin aspart are safe in pregnancy and may improve post - prandial glycaemic control in women with type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a lack of data indicating improved foetal outcomes would suggest that there is no imperative to switch to a short - acting analogue where the woman ' s diabetes is well controlled with human insulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are no reports of the use of insulin glulisine in pregnancy and so its use cannot be recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most studies of insulin glargine in pregnancy are small , retrospective and include women with pre - existing diabetes and gestational diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There appear to be no major safety concerns and so it seems reasonable to continue insulin glargine if required to achieve excellent glycaemic control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A head - to - head comparison between insulin detemir and NPH insulin in women with type 1 diabetes showed that while foetal outcomes did not differ , fasting plasma glucose improved with insulin detemir without an increased incidence of hypoglycaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greater evidence base supports the use of insulin detemir as the first line long - acting analogue in pregnancy but the lack of definitive foetal benefits means that there is no strong need to switch a woman who is well controlled on NPH insulin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There seems little justification in using long acting insulin analogues in women with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes where the risk of hypoglycaemia is low .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and evaluation of cholecystokinin trimers : a multivalent approach to pancreatic cancer detection and treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the quest for novel tools for early detection and treatment of cancer , we propose the use of multimers targeting overexpressed receptors at the cancer cell surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , multimers are prone to create multivalent interactions , more potent and specific than their corresponding monovalent versions , thus enabling the potential for early detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a lack of tools for early detection of pancreatic cancer , one of the deadliest forms of cancer , but CCK2 - R overexpression on pancreatic cancer cells makes CCK based multimers potential markers for these cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this Letter , we describe the synthesis and evaluation of CCK trimers targeting overexpressed CCK2 - R .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - influenza active and low toxic N - phenyl - substituted beta - amidoamidines structurally related to natural antibiotic amidinomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - phenyl - substituted beta - amidoamidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 83]}, {"entity": "amidinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of racemic N - phenyl - substituted beta - amidoamidines hydrochlorides 4 , which are structurally related to natural antiviral agent amidinomycin ( 1 ) , was synthesized in four steps starting from methacryloyl anilide ( 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "racemic N - phenyl - substituted beta - amidoamidines hydrochlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 77]}, {"entity": "amidinomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 152]}, {"entity": "methacryloyl anilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the final step of the synthetic route , an uncommon monoacylation of beta - aminoamidine 8 at the less reactive beta - phenylamino - group took place .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - aminoamidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "beta - phenylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To rationalize this result , a mechanism which involves initial acylation at the more active amidine - function followed by intramolecular acyl - group transfer to beta - phenylamino - group was suggested .", "entity": [{"entity": "amidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "beta - phenylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three beta - amidoamidines 4d - f bearing long linear aliphatic chain ( from n - C8H17 to n - C12H25 ) revealed significant in vitro activity against influenza A virus ( H3N2 ) and modest cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - amidoamidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "n - C8H17", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "n - C12H25", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro antiviral potency of 4d , e is 6 - 20 times greater than that of commercial rimantadine with lower EC50 values and higher therapeutic index .", "entity": [{"entity": "rimantadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The non - toxic in vivo compounds 4d - f showed a beneficial protective effect in influenza A ( H3N2 ) infected mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripubertal female athletes in high - impact sports show improved bone mass acquisition and bone geometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Intensive physical training may have a sport - dependent effect on bone mass acquisition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cross - sectional study evaluated bone mass acquisition in girls practicing sports that put different mechanical loads on bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS / METHODS : Eighty girls from 10 . 7 to 18 . 0years old ( mean 13 . 83 +/- 1 . 97 ) were recruited : 20 artistic gymnasts ( AG ; high - impact activity ) , 20 rhythmic gymnasts ( RG ; medium - impact activity ) , 20 swimmers ( SW , no - impact activity ) , and 20 age - matched controls ( CON ; leisure physical activity < 3h / wk ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Areal bone mineral density ( aBMD ) was determined using DEXA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hip structural analysis applied at the femur evaluated cross - sectional area ( CSA , cm ( 2 ) ) , section modulus ( Z , cm ( 3 ) ) , and buckling ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone turnover markers and OPG / RANKL levels were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : AG had higher aBMD than SW and CON at all bone sites and higher values than RG in the lumbar spine and radius .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RG had higher aBMD than SW and CON only in the femoral region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSA and mean cortical thickness were significantly higher and the buckling ratio was significantly lower in both gymnast groups compared with SW and CON .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In RG only , endocortical diameter and width were reduced , while Z was only increased in AG compared with SW and CON .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced bone remodeling was observed in RG compared with AG only when groups were subdivided according to menarcheal status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All groups showed similar OPG concentrations , while RANKL concentrations increased with age and were decreased in SW .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : High - impact activity clearly had a favorable effect on aBMD and bone geometry during the growth period , although the bone health benefits seem to be more marked after menarche .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential Expression of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from the CYP3A Subfamily in the Brains of Alcoholics and Drug Free Controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alcoholics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytochrome P450 ( P450 , CYP ) enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of most commonly used drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amongst these enzymes , CYP3A forms mediate the clearance of around 40 - 50 % of drugs and may also play roles in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP3A forms are expressed both in the liver and extrahepatically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However little is known about the expression of CYP3A proteins in specific regions of the human brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , form - selective antibodies raised to CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were utilized to characterize the expression of these forms in the human brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 immunoreactivity was found to varying extents in the microsomal fractions of cortex , hippocampus , basal ganglia , amygdala and cerebellum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only CYP3A4 expression was observed in the mitochondrial fractions of these brain regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - terminal sequencing confirmed the principal antigen detected by the anti - CYP3A4 antibody in cortical microsomes to be CYP3A4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression was primarily localized in the soma and axonal hillock of neurons and varied according to cell type and cell layer within brain regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , analysis of the frontal cortex of chronic alcohol abusers revealed elevated expression of CYP3A4 in microsomal but not mitochondrial fractions ; CYP3A5 expression was unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The site - specific expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the human brain may have implications for the role of these enzymes in both normal brain physiology and the response to drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polybrominated Dibenzo - p - dioxins ( PBDDs ) , Dibenzofurans ( PBDFs ) and Biphenyls ( PBBs ) - Inclusion in the Toxicity Equivalency Factor Concept for Dioxin - like Compounds -", "entity": [{"entity": "Polybrominated Dibenzo - p - dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "PBDDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Dibenzofurans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "PBDFs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "Biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "PBBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "Dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2011 a joint World Health Organization ( WHO ) and United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) expert consultation took place , during which the possible inclusion of brominated analogues of the dioxin - like compounds in the WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factor ( TEF ) scheme were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expert panel concluded that polybrominated dibenzo - p - dioxins ( PBDDs ) , dibenzofurans ( PBDFs ) , and some dioxin - like biphenyls ( dl - PBBs ) may contribute significantly in daily human background exposure to the total dioxin toxic equivalencies ( TEQs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polybrominated dibenzo - p - dioxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 68]}, {"entity": "PBDDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "dibenzofurans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "PBDFs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "PBBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds are also commonly found in the aquatic environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Available data for fish toxicity were evaluated for possible inclusion in the WHO - UNEP TEF scheme ( Van den Berg et al . , 1998 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the limited database it was decided not to derive specific WHO - UNEP TEFs for fish , but for ecotoxicological risk assessment the use of specific relative effect potencies ( REPs ) from fish embryo assays is recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the limited mammalian REP database for these brominated compounds , it was concluded that sufficient differentiation from the present TEF values of the chlorinated analogues ( Van den Berg et al . , 2005 ) was not possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the REPs for PBDDs , PBDFs , and non - ortho dl - PBBs in mammals closely follow those of the chlorinated analogues , at least within one order of magnitude .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDDs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "PBDFs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "PBBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the use of similar interim TEF values for brominated and chlorinated congeners for human risk assessment is recommended , pending more detailed information in the future .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeast Proteome Variations Reveal Different Adaptive Responses to Grape Must Fermentation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S . uvarum are two domesticated species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade that diverged around 100 Ma after whole - genome duplication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both have retained many duplicated genes associated with glucose fermentation and are characterized by the ability to achieve grape must fermentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , these two species differ for many other traits , indicating that they underwent different evolutionary histories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine how the evolutionary histories of S . cerevisiae and S . uvarum are mirrored on the proteome , we analyzed the genetic variability of the proteomes of domesticated strains of these two species by quantitative mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 445 proteins were quantified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Massive variations of protein abundances were found , that clearly differentiated the two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abundance variations in specific metabolic pathways could be related to phenotypic traits known to discriminate the two species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , proteins encoded by duplicated genes were shown to be differently recruited in each species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the strain differentiation based on the proteome variability to those based on the phenotypic and genetic variations further revealed that the strains of S . uvarum and some strains of S . cerevisiae displayed similar fermentative performances despite strong proteomic and genomic differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , these results indicate that the ability of S . cerevisae and S . uvarum to complete grape must fermentation arose through different evolutionary roads , involving different metabolic pathways and duplicated genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone - mediated changes in adipose triacylglycerol metabolism are exaggerated , not diminished , in the absence of a functional GR dimerization domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "triacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glucocorticoid ( GC ) receptor ( GR ) has multiple effector mechanisms , including dimerization - mediated transactivation of target genes via DNA binding and transcriptional repression mediated by protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much attention has been focused on developing selective GR modulators that would dissociate adverse effects from therapeutic anti - inflammatory effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The GR ( dim / dim ) mouse has a mutation in the dimerization domain of GR and has been shown to have attenuated transactivation with intact repression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the role of GR dimerization - dependent targets in multiple tissues , we measured metabolic fluxes through several disease - relevant GC target pathways using heavy water labeling and mass spectrometry in wild - type and GR ( dim / dim ) mice administered the potent GC dexamethasone ( DEX ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 297]}, {"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absolute triglyceride synthesis was increased in both wild - type and GR ( dim / dim ) mice by DEX in the inguinal and epididymal fat depots .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GR ( dim / dim ) mice showed an exaggerated response to DEX in both depots .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "De novo lipogenesis was also greatly increased in both depots in response to DEX in GR ( dim / dim ) , but not wild - type mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the inhibitory effect of DEX on bone and skin collagen synthesis rates was greater in wild - type compared with GR ( dim / dim ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild - type mice were more sensitive to DEX - dependent decreases in insulin sensitivity than GR ( dim / dim ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild - type and GR ( dim / dim ) mice were equally sensitive to DEX - dependent decreases in muscle protein synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic elevation of GCs in GR ( dim / dim ) mice results in severe runting and lethality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , some metabolic effects of GC treatment are exaggerated in adipose tissue of GR ( dim / dim ) mice , suggesting that selective GR modulators based on dissociating GR transactivation from repression should be evaluated carefully .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - box binding protein 1 is essential for insulin regulation of pancreatic alpha cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2D ) patients often exhibit hyperglucagonemia despite hyperglycemia suggesting defective alpha - cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress has been suggested to underlie beta - cell dysfunction in T2D , its role in alpha - cell biology remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - box binding protein 1 ( XBP1 ) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the unfolded protein response ( UPR ) and its deficiency in beta - cells has been reported to impair insulin secretion leading to glucose intolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the role of XBP1 in alpha - cells , we created complementary in vivo ( alpha - cell specific XBP1 knockout ( alpha XBPKO ) mice ) and in vitro ( stable XBP1 knock down alpha - cell line , alpha XBPKD ) models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha XBPKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance , mild insulin resistance and an inability to suppress glucagon secretion following glucose stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "alpha XBPKD cells exhibited activation of IRE1 , an upstream activator of XBP1 , leading to phosphorylation of JNK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , insulin treatment of alpha XBPKD cells reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS - 1 ( pY ( 896 ) ) , and phosphorylation of Akt , while enhancing serine phosphorylation ( pS ( 307 ) ) of IRS - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently the alpha XBPKD cells exhibited blunted suppression of glucagon secretion following insulin treatment in the presence of high glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data indicate that XBP1 deficiency in pancreatic alpha - cells induces altered insulin signaling and dysfunctional glucagon secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fabrication and multifunction integration of microfluidic chips by femtosecond laser direct writing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the pursuit of modern microfluidic chips with multifunction integration , micronanofabrication techniques play an increasingly important role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the fact that conventional fabrication approaches such as lithography , imprinting and soft lithography have been widely used for the preparation of microfluidic chips , it is still challenging to achieve complex microfluidic chips with multifunction integration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , novel micronanofabrication approaches that could be used to achieve this end are highly desired .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a powerful 3D processing tool , femtosecond laser fabrication shows great potential to endow general microfluidic chips with multifunctional units .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we briefly introduce the fundamental principles of femtosecond laser micronanofabrication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of laser techniques , both the preparation and functionalization of advanced microfluidic chips are summarized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the current challenges and future perspective of this dynamic field are discussed based on our own opinion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LDL Cholesterol Goals in High - Risk Patients : How Low Do We Go and How Do We Get There ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widely recognised that low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) is one of the most important and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statins ( HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors ) have consistently been shown to decrease both LDL - C and CVD risk in almost all patient categories , with the exception of heart and kidney failure as well as advanced aortic stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMG - CoA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence , statins have become the cornerstone in current prevention guidelines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients who do not reach the LDL - C target , combination therapy with additional LDL - C lowering drugs ( e . g . ezetimibe , bile acid sequestrants or fibrates ) should be considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "fibrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guidelines provide different LDL - C levels to strive for , depending on the CVD risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we describe the rationale for these LDL - C targets and how these goals might be reached by current and future therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical characteristics at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in a multi - ethnic population : the South London Diabetes cohort ( SOUL - D ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS / HYPOTHESIS : This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in an urban multi - ethnic cohort .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A population - based cross - sectional design was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the preceding 6 months were recruited from primary care practices in three adjacent inner - city boroughs of South London , serving a population in which 20 % of residents are of black African or Caribbean ethnicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sociodemographic and biomedical data were collected by standardised clinical assessment and from medical records .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple logistic regression methods were used to report associations between ethnicity and diabetes - complication status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : From 96 general practices , 1 , 506 patients were recruited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their mean age was 55 . 6 ( +/- 11 . 07 ) years , 55 % were men , 60 % were asymptomatic at diagnosis and 51 % , 38 % and 11 % were of white , black and South Asian / other ethnicity , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with white participants , black and South Asian / other participants were : younger ( mean age 58 . 9 [ +/- 10 . 09 ] , 52 . 4 [ +/- 11 . 19 ] and 51 . 5 [ +/- 10 . 42 ] years , respectively ; p < 0 . 0001 ) ; less likely to have neuropathy ( 10 . 1 % , 3 . 6 % and 4 . 4 % ; p < 0 . 0001 ) or report coronary artery disease ( 12 . 7 % , 4 . 8 % and 7 . 3 % ; p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In logistic regression , compared with white participants , black participants had lower levels of macrovascular complications ( OR 0 . 52 , 95 % CI 0 . 32 , 0 . 84 ; p = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male sex was independently associated with microvascular disease ( OR 1 . 69 , 95 % CI 1 . 26 , 2 . 28 ; p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS / INTERPRETATION : The prevalence of complications at time of diagnosis was lower than expected , especially in black and South Asian / other ethnic groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in multi - ethnic inner - city populations , onset of type 2 diabetes occurred almost 10 years earlier in non - white populations than in white participants , predicating a prolonged morbidity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotection against neuroblastoma cell death induced by depletion of mitochondrial glutathione .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial glutathione pool is vital in protecting cells against oxidative stress as the majority of the cellular reactive oxygen species are generated in mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress is implicated as a causative factor in neuronal death in neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that depletion of mitochondrial glutathione leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic death of SK - N - SH ( human neuroblastoma ) cells and investigated the neuroprotective strategies against GSH depletion .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SK - N - SH cells were treated with two distinct inhibitors of glutathione metabolism : L - buthionine - ( S , R ) - sulfoximine ( BSO ) and ethacrynic acid ( EA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "L - buthionine - ( S , R ) - sulfoximine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 128]}, {"entity": "BSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "ethacrynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EA treatment caused depletion of both the total and mitochondrial glutathione ( while BSO had no effect on mitochondrial glutathione ) , enhanced rotenone - induced ROS production , and reduced the viability of SK - N - SH cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "BSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "rotenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutathione depletion by BSO or EA demonstrated positive features of mitochondria - mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "BSO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl2 overexpression or use of antioxidant ebselen did not confer neuroprotection .", "entity": [{"entity": "ebselen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - culture with U - 87 ( human glioblastoma ) cells protected SK - N - SH cells from the cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that depletion of mitochondrial glutathione leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study indicates that preventing mitochondrial glutathione depletion could become a novel strategy for the development of neuroprotective therapeutics in neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of dipeptides having N - terminal selenocysteine residues : a DFT study in gas and aqueous phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 32]}, {"entity": "selenocysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last few decades , dipeptides as well as their analogues have served as important model systems for the computational studies concerning the structure of protein and energetics of protein folding .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we present a density functional structural study on a set of seven dipeptides having N - terminal selenocysteine residues ( the component in the C - terminus is varied with seven different combinations viz . Ala , Phe , Glu , Thr , Asn , Arg and Sec ) in gas and simulated aqueous phase using a polarizable continuum model ( PCM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 93]}, {"entity": "selenocysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 153]}, {"entity": "Ala", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 218]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 224]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}, {"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 236]}, {"entity": "Asn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 242]}, {"entity": "Arg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 248]}, {"entity": "Sec", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular geometries of the dipeptides are fully optimized at B3LYP / 6 - 311 + + G ( d , p ) level and subsequent frequency calculations confirm them as true minima .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of solvation and identity of the varying C - terminal residue on the energetics , structural features of the peptide planes , values of the psi and phi dihedrals , geometry around the alpha - carbon atoms and theoretically predicted vibrational spectra of the dipeptides are investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 54]}, {"entity": "alpha - carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 210]}, {"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two types of intramolecular H - bonds , namely N ... H - N and O ... H - C , are found to play important roles in influencing the planarity of the peptide planes and geometry around the alpha - carbon atoms of the dipeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 29]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "H - N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}, {"entity": "H - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "alpha - carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 200]}, {"entity": "dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identity of the varying C - terminal residue influences the values of phi , planarity of the peptide planes and geometry around the C7 alpha - carbon atoms while the solvation effects are evident on the values of bond lengths and bond angles of the amide planes .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 29]}, {"entity": "alpha - carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 153]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The article aims to review various Traditional Chinese Medicines ( TCMs ) with both osteogenic and angiogenic effects , alone and in combination , and to consider whether these TCMs promote osteogenesis via angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of the TCMs involving in osteogenesis was searched through PubMed and CBMdisc using its Latin name and English name , and keywords such as ' osteogenesis ' , ' bone ' , ' osteoblast ' , ' angiogenesis ' , ' VEGF ' were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 241 articles were screened from PubMed and CBMdisc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The articles were only chosen if they discussed the relationship of the TCMs with bone formation and / or angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - seven articles were chosen , of which 16 were in English and 11 were in Chinese with English abstract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a result , the TCMs ( Danshen or Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge , Danggui or Angelica sinensis , Astragalus membranaceus Bunge or Huangqi , and Ge Gan or Puerarin radix ) that have a relationship with both osteogenesis and angiogenesis were screened out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the aforementioned TCMs enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They show a positive effect on bone formation , and the possible mechanisms may be related to their ability to promote angiogenesis via an effect on substances such as VEGF .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nickel sulfide / nitrogen - doped graphene composites : phase - controlled synthesis and high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickel sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "nitrogen - doped graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 42]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase - controlled nickel sulfide ( Ni3 S4 and NiS1 . 03 ) nanoparticle ( NP ) / nitrogen - doped graphene ( NG ) composites are prepared through a facile one - pot hydrothermal process .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel sulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "Ni3 S4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "NiS1 . 03", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "nitrogen - doped graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composites show ultrahigh capacity retentions of 98 . 87 % and 95 . 94 % for Ni3 S4 / NG and NiS1 . 03 / NG electrodes , respectively , as anode materials for lithium ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni3 S4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "NiS1 . 03", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1 ) H and ( 13 ) C NMR analysis of 2 - acetamido - 3 - mercapto - 3 - methyl - N - aryl - butanamides and 2 - acetamido - 3 - methyl - 3 - nitrososulfanyl - N - aryl - butanamide derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "2 - acetamido - 3 - mercapto - 3 - methyl - N - aryl - butanamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 103]}, {"entity": "2 - acetamido - 3 - methyl - 3 - nitrososulfanyl - N - aryl - butanamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complete assignment of the ( 1 ) H and ( 13 ) C NMR spectra of various 2 - acetamido - 3 - mercapto - 3 - methyl - N - aryl - butanamides and 2 - acetamide - 3 - methyl - 3 - nitrososulfanyl - N - aryl - butanamides with p - methoxy , o - chloro and m - chloro substituents is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "2 - acetamido - 3 - mercapto - 3 - methyl - N - aryl - butanamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 141]}, {"entity": "2 - acetamide - 3 - methyl - 3 - nitrososulfanyl - N - aryl - butanamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 219]}, {"entity": "p - methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 236]}, {"entity": "o - chloro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 249]}, {"entity": "m - chloro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting protein - protein interactions within the cyclic AMP signaling system as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cAMP signaling system can trigger precise physiological cellular responses that depend on the fidelity of many protein - protein interactions , which act to bring together signaling intermediates at defined locations within cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the heart , cAMP participates in the fine control of excitation - contraction coupling , hence , any disregulation of this signaling cascade can lead to cardiac disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the ubiquitous nature of the cAMP pathway , general inhibitors of cAMP signaling proteins such as PKA , EPAC and PDEs would act non - specifically and universally , increasing the likelihood of serious ' off target ' effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent advances in the discovery of peptides and small molecules that disrupt the protein - protein interactions that underpin cellular targeting of cAMP signaling proteins are described and discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of Transglutaminase Substrates from Porcine Nucleus Pulposus as Potential Amplifiers in Cross - Linking Cell Scaffolds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleus pulposus from the porcine intervertebral disc was separated chromatographically to discover substrates of microbial transglutaminase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly purified proteins were prepared , among them type II collagen , the major protein of the nucleus pulposus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of substrates was performed by transglutaminase - mediated incorporation of biotinylated probes displaying several glutamine and lysine donor proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Type II collagen was only labeled if smaller nucleus pulposus proteins were present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the modulating proteins was serotransferrin , a lysine donor substrate of bacterial transglutaminase .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An additional substrate was the carboxy - terminal propeptide of type II collagen , chondrocalcin .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chondrocalcin , a regulator of type II collagen fibrillogenesis , occurs abundantly in juvenile cartilage and nucleus pulposus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the protein may be regarded as an excellent additive for the preparation of injectable stem cells in nucleus pulposus - like matrices cross - linked by microbial transglutaminase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From synaptic spines to nuclear signaling : nuclear and synaptic actions of the amyloid precursor protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite intensive studies of the secretase - mediated processing of the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) to form the amyloid beta - peptide ( A beta ) , in relation to Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) , no new therapeutic agents have reached the clinics based on reducing A beta levels through the use of secretase inhibitors or immunotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the normal neuronal functions of APP and its various metabolites still remain under - investigated and unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we highlight emerging areas of APP function that may provide new insights into synaptic development , cognition , and gene regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By modulating expression levels of endogenous APP in primary cortical neurons , the frequency and amplitude of calcium oscillations is modified , implying a key role for APP in maintaining neuronal calcium homeostasis essential for synaptic transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of this homeostatic mechanism predisposes to aging and AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synaptic spine loss is a feature of neurogeneration resulting in learning and memory deficits , and emerging evidence indicates a role for APP , probably mediated via one or more of its metabolites , in spine structure and functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular domain of APP ( AICD ) has also emerged as a key epigenetic regulator of gene expression controlling a diverse range of genes , including APP itself , the amyloid - degrading enzyme neprilysin , and aquaporin - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fuller understanding of the physiological and pathological actions of APP and its metabolic network could provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of rituximab on thyroid function and autoimmunity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "no abstract required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyridone Alkaloids from a Marine - Derived Fungus , Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum , and Their Activities against Azole - Resistant Candida albicans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyridone Alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four new 4 - hydroxy - 2 - pyridone alkaloids , didymellamides A - D ( 1 - 4 ) , were isolated from the marine - derived fungus Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - hydroxy - 2 - pyridone alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 45]}, {"entity": "didymellamides A - D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of 1 - 4 were elucidated from spectroscopic data ( NMR , MS , and IR ) , and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X - ray diffraction analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Didymellamide A ( 1 ) exhibited antifungal activity against azole - resistant Candida albicans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Didymellamide A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of dried powder formulations of Agaricus blazei and Lentinus edodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several mushroom species have been pointed out as sources of antioxidant compounds , in addition to their important nutritional value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agaricus blazei and Lentinus edodes are among the most studied species all over the world , but those studies focused on their fruiting bodies instead of other presentations , such as powdered preparations , used as supplements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work the chemical composition ( nutrients and bioactive compounds ) and antioxidant activity ( free radical scavenging activity , reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition ) of dried powder formulations of the mentioned mushroom species ( APF and LPF , respectively ) were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Powder formulations of both species revealed the presence of essential nutrients , such as proteins , carbohydrates and unsaturated fatty acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "unsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , they present a low fat content ( < 2g / 100g ) and can be used in low - calorie diets , just like the mushrooms fruiting bodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APF showed higher antioxidant activity and higher content of tocopherols and phenolic compounds ( 124 and 770 mu g / 100g , respectively ) than LPF ( 32 and 690 mu g / 100g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tocopherols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both formulations could be used as antioxidant sources to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidants in oils heated at frying temperature , whether natural or added , could protect against postprandial oxidative stress in obese people .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the effects of the intake of oils heated at frying temperature in order to find an oil model for deep - frying that prevents postprandial oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty obese people received four breakfasts following a randomised crossover design consisting of different oils ( virgin olive oil ( VOO ) , sunflower oil ( SFO ) , and a mixed seed oil ( SFO / canola oil ) with added dimethylpolysiloxane ( SOX ) or natural antioxidants from olives ( SOP ) ) , which were subjected to 20 heating cycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethylpolysiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 240]}, {"entity": "SOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 246]}, {"entity": "SOP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intake of SFO - breakfast reduced plasma GSH levels and the GSH / GSSG ratio , increased protein carbonyl levels , and induced a higher gene expression of the different NADPH - oxidase subunits , Nrf2 - Keap1 activation , gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and antioxidant plasma activities than the intake of the breakfasts prepared with VOO , SOP and SOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 178]}, {"entity": "SOP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [395, 398]}, {"entity": "SOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [403, 406]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oils with phenolic compounds , whether natural ( VOO ) or artificially added ( SOP ) , or with artificial antioxidant ( SOX ) , could reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared with sunflower oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "SOP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "SOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid monitoring of heat - accelerated reactions in vegetable oils using direct analysis in real time ionization coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission - mode direct analysis in real time ionization coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry ( TM - DART - HRMS ) was used to monitor chemical changes in various vegetable oils ( olive , rapeseed , soybean and sunflower oil ) during their thermally - induced oxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel instrumental approach enabled rapid fingerprinting of examined samples and detection of numerous sample components , such as triacylglycerols ( TAGs ) , phytosterols , free fatty acids ( FFA ) , and their respective oxidation products .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "TAGs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 195]}, {"entity": "FFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectra obtained from DART were processed with the use of principal component analysis ( PCA ) in order to assess the compositional differences between heated and non - heated samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Good correlation was observed between the normalized intensities of the pre - selected ion corresponding to mono - oxidized TAG and ' classic ' criterion represented by the levels of TAG polymers determined by high performance - size exclusion chromatography with refractometric detection ( HP - SEC - RID ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calcium hydroxy palmitate : possible precursor phase in calcium precipitation by palmitate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcium hydroxy palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calcium ( II ) precipitates with palmitate ( Pal ( - ) ) , a process affecting calcium absorption in the gut , in a first - order reaction , as followed by a calcium electrode in neutral aqueous solution for excess of calcium ( II ) , with a rate constant showing a minimum at physiological ionic strength of 0 . 32 +/- 0 . 09 d ( - 1 ) at 25 degrees C with a stoichiometry of 1 . 79 +/- 0 . 03 , lower than the expected 1 : 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Calcium ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Pal ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "calcium ( II )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During ageing of precipitate , pH increases in the supernatant , while pH decreases for precipitation with excess of palmitate .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing pH , as in some aged food products , decreases the solubility , and Ksp ( ' ) = [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] [ Pal ( - ) ] [ OH ( - ) ] is found constant rather than Ksp = [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] [ Pal ( - ) ] ( 2 ) in agreement with an initial precipitation of Ca ( OH ) ( Pal ) , which slowly may convert into Ca ( Pal ) 2 . Ca ( OH ) ( Pal ) has a solubility minimum at physiological ionic strength with Ksp ( ' ) = ( 1 . 4 +/- 0 . 4 ) 10 ( - 16 ) M ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + ) ] [ Pal ( - ) ] [ OH ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 130]}, {"entity": "[ Ca ( 2 + ) ] [ Pal ( - ) ] ( 2 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 203]}, {"entity": "Ca ( OH ) ( Pal )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 267]}, {"entity": "Ca ( Pal ) 2 . Ca ( OH ) ( Pal )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray diffraction showed a d - spacing of 44 . 15 A ( different from 45 . 2 A reported for Ca ( Pal ) 2 ) , and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a hydroxy group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( Pal ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "hydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensory quality and compositional characteristics of blackcurrant juices produced by different processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of enzymatic and non - enzymatic juice pressing on key orosensory and chemical quality factors of blackcurrant juices were studied in laboratory scale using berries of five different cultivars ( Mortti , Mikael , Marski , Ola and Breed15 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzymatic processing increased the juice yield by 10 - 22 % and the content of various phenolic compounds in juice by 4 - 10 - fold as compared to the non - enzymatic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher intensity of the mouth - drying astringency of the enzyme - aided juice was the most significant orosensory difference between the processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juices of different blackcurrant cultivars varied in sweetness , sourness and bitterness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most intensive sensory attributes of the juices were sourness and puckering astringency regardless of processing method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They correlated positively with each other and were contributed by acid content and pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In enzyme - aided juices , the contents of flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids were associated with mouth - drying astringency , and sugar / acid ratio correlated with sweetness .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonol glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "hydroxycinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 88]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These correlations were less clear in non - enzyme juices possibly due to lower content of phenolic compounds and the high content of pectin .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear positioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleus is the largest organelle and is commonly depicted in the center of the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yet during cell division , migration , and differentiation , it frequently moves to an asymmetric position aligned with cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We consider the toolbox of proteins that move and anchor the nucleus within the cell and how forces generated by the cytoskeleton are coupled to the nucleus to move it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of proper nuclear positioning is underscored by numerous diseases resulting from genetic alterations in the toolbox proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we discuss how nuclear position may influence cellular organization and signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies targeting extracellular domain of connexins for studies of hemichannels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemichannels are transmembrane channels composed of either a connexin or pannexin hexamer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The docking of the extracellular domains of connexin hemichannels contributed by neighboring cells forms a gap junction channel that joins the cytoplasm of adjacent cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Connexins are expressed ubiquitously in different organs , but some subtypes are expressed exclusively in certain tissues and tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both gap junction channels and hemichannels participate in diverse physiological and pathological responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the lack of specific reagents that inhibit only gap junction channels or hemichannels is a challenge that makes it different to discern the specific roles of either channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fortunately , the available information regarding the connexin sequence , secondary and tertiary structure , and their biochemical and physiological properties permits the development of strategies to block exclusively the hemichannel activity exclusively , with no effect on gap junction activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This task is accomplished through the use of specifics antibodies that target the extracellular sites of desired connexin subtype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the underlying mechanism of how antibodies targeting extracellular connexin epitopes actually inhibit hemichannels remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these antibodies are being used for detecting and blocking of hemichannels in normal and tumor cells , they can also be potentially used for tissue - specific treatment and drug delivery in clinical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we will first review the literature concerning the structure of connexins and the unique properties of extracellular loop domains of the connexins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we will discuss briefly the development of connexin ( Cx ) 43 ( E2 ) antibody , a specific antibody which detects the second extracellular loop of Cx43 and specifically prevents the opening of Cx43 hemichannels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We will then summarize the reported studies of specific reagents used for the inhibition of connexin hemichannels including antibodies developed against extracellular loop domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' Connexin based channels ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazoles as new Pim kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis and Pim kinase inhibition potency of a new series of pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazole derivatives is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained in this preliminary structure - activity relationship study pointed out that sub - micromolar Pim - 1 and Pim - 3 inhibitory potencies could be obtained in this series , more particularly for compounds 10 and 20 , showing that pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazole scaffold could be used for the development of new potent Pim kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrrolo [ 2 , 3 - g ] indazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling experiments were also performed to study the binding mode of these compounds in Pim - 3 ATP - binding pocket .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bizarre pharmacology of the ATP release channel pannexin1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pannexins were originally thought to represent a second and redundant family of gap junction proteins in addition to the well characterized connexins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is now evident that pannexins function as unapposed membrane channels and the major role of Panx1 is that of an ATP release channel .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the contrasting functional roles , connexins , innexins and pannexins share pharmacological properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most gap junction blockers also attenuate the function of Panx1 , including carbenoxolone , mefloquine and flufenamic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbenoxolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "mefloquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "flufenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in contrast to connexin based gap junction channels , Panx1 channel activity can be attenuated by several groups of drugs hitherto considered very specific for other proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drugs affecting Panx1 channels include several transport inhibitors , chloride channel blockers , mitochondrial inhibitors , P2X7 receptor ligands , inflammasome inhibitors and malaria drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations indicate that Panx1 may play an extended role in a wider spectrum of physiological functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , Panx1 may share structural domains with other proteins , not readily revealed by sequence alignments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' Connexin based channels '", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 ) inhibits autophagy in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autophagy is an important cellular process that mediates lysosomal degradation of damaged organelles , which is activated in response to a variety of stress - related diseases , including hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basal level of autophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis , whereas excessive autophagic activity leads to cell death and is considered as a contributing factor to several disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent works have demonstrated that Angiotensin - ( 1 - 7 ) [ Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) ] exerted its neuroprotective effects by modulating classic components of renin - angiotensin system associated with reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the effect of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) on autophagic activity in brain of hypertensive individual remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , Wistar - Kyoto rats received intracerebroventricular ( I . C . V . ) infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid ( aCSF ) while SHRs received I . C . V . infusion of aCSF , Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) , Mas receptor antagonist A - 779 , or angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist PD123319 for 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - 779", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "PD123319", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain tissues were collected and analyzed by western blotting analysis , immunofluorescence assay , and transmission electron microscopic examination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study showed that infusion of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) for 4 weeks inhibited the increase of microtubule - associated protein 1 light chain 3 ( LC3 ) - II and Beclin - 1 levels , as well as the autophagosome formation in SHR brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the reduction of p62 expression in SHR brain was also reversed by Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of note , the anti - autophagic effects of Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) were independent of blood pressure reduction and can be inhibited by A - 779 and PD123319 .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - 779", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "PD123319", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that treatment with Ang - ( 1 - 7 ) may be useful to prevent hypertension - induced excessive autophagic activation in brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris and their cytotoxic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroidal glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroidal glycosides ( 1 - 18 ) , including 10 new compounds ( 1 - 10 ) , were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris ( Liliaceae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroidal glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new compounds were determined by two - dimensional ( 2D ) NMR analysis , and by hydrolytic cleavage followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolated compounds and their aglycones were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL - 60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological observation and flow cytometry analysis showed that 5 beta - spirostanol glycoside ( 2 ) and a cholestane derivative ( 17a ) induced apoptotic cell death in HL - 60 cells through different mechanisms of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 beta - spirostanol glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 96]}, {"entity": "cholestane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the ( 22R ) - spirosolanol glycoside ( 11 ) selectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells without affecting the caspase - 3 activity level .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 22R ) - spirosolanol glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arrhythmogenic effect of a crude extract from sea anemone Condylactis gigantea : Possible involvement of rErg1 channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sea anemones possess a number of peptide toxins that target ion channels which provide powerful tools to study the molecular basis of diverse signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also acknowledged that currents through Erg1 K ( + ) channels in cardiac myocytes are important for electrical stability of the heart and alterations in its activity has been linked to the onset of a potentially life - threatening heart condition named long QT syndrome type 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that a crude extract from sea anemone Condylactis gigantea significantly increases the QT interval and has arrhythmogenic effects in the rat heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a bioassay - guided purification procedure allowed the isolation of a chromatographic fraction containing a major component with a molecular mass of 4478 Da from the crude extract , which causes a significant inhibition of whole - cell patch - clamp currents through recombinant Erg1 channels , responsible of the rapid delayed rectifying current crucial for electrical activity in the heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies could provide relevant information on the molecular mechanism of C . gigantea peptide toxins which represent promising tools in studying the physiology of diverse ion channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delivery of definable number of drug or growth factor loaded poly ( dl - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid ) microparticles within human embryonic stem cell derived aggregates .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( dl - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Embryoid bodies ( EBs ) generated from embryonic stem cells are used to study processes of differentiation within a three dimensional ( 3D ) cell environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many instances however , EBs are dispersed to single cell suspensions with a subsequent monolayer culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , where the 3D integrity of an EB is maintained , cytokines or drugs of interest to stimulate differentiation are often added directly to the culture medium at fixed concentrations and effects are usually limited to the outer layers of the EB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to create an EB model with localised drug and or growth factor delivery directly within the EB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using poly ( DL - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid ) microparticles ( MPs ) with an average diameter of 13 mu m , we have demonstrated controllable incorporation of defined numbers of MPs within human ES cell derived EBs , down to 1 MP per EB .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( DL - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was achieved by coating MPs with human ES cell lysate and centrifugation of specific ratios of ES cells and MPs to form 3D aggregates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using MPs loaded with simvastatin ( pro or active drug ) or BMP - 2 , we have demonstrated osteogenic differentiation within the 3D aggregates , maintained in culture for up to 21days , and quantified by real time QPCR for osteocalcin .", "entity": [{"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunostaining for RUNX2 and osteocalcin , and also histochemical staining with picrosirius red to demonstrate collage type 1 and Alizarin red to demonstrate calcium / mineralisation further demonstrated osteogenic differentiation and revealed regional staining associated with the locations of MPs within the aggregates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alizarin red", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 142]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrated endothelial differentiation within human ES cell - derived aggregates using VEGF loaded MPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we demonstrate an effective and reliable approach for engineering stem aggregates with definable number of MPs within the 3D cellular structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also achieved localised osteogenic and endothelial differentiation associated with MPs releasing encapsulated drug molecules or cytokines directly within the cell aggregate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This provides a powerful tool for controlling and investigating differentiation within 3D cell cultures and has applications to drug delivery , drug discovery , stem cell biology , tissue engineering and regenerative medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Raft forming system - An upcoming approach of gastroretentive drug delivery system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent era various technologies have been made in research and development of controlled release oral drug delivery system to overcome various physiological difficulties such as variation in gastric retention and emptying time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome this drawback and to maximize the oral absorption of various drugs , novel drug delivery systems have been developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastroretentive drug delivery system is facing many challenges which can be overcome by upcoming newly emerging approach i . e . raft forming system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of writing this review is to focus on recent development of stomach specific floating drug delivery system to circumvent the difficulties associated with formulation design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various gastroretentive approaches that have been developed till now are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study provides valuable information & highlights advances in this raft forming system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review attempts to discuss various factors like physiological factors , physicochemical factors and formulation factors to be considered in the development of the raft forming system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different types of smart polymers used for their formulation have also been summarized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review focuses on the mechanism , formulation and development of the raft forming system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review also summarizes the studies to evaluate the performance and application of these systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study finally highlights advantages , disadvantages , and marketed preparation of the raft forming system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the enhanced oral bioavailability of fenofibrate lipid formulations in fasted humans using an in vitro - in silico - in vivo approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipid - based formulations have established a significant role in the formulation of poorly soluble drugs for oral administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to better understand their potential advantages over solid oral dosage forms , we studied the solubility and dissolution / precipitation characteristics of three self - microemulsifying drug delivery system ( SMEDDS ) formulations and one suspension of micronized fenofibrate in lipid excipients , for which pharmacokinetic studies had already been reported in the open literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro dispersion / dissolution studies were carried out in biorelevant media using USP II apparatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were followed up by in silico simulations using STELLA (R) software , in which not only dispersion / dissolution , but also the precipitation and re - dissolution of fenofibrate was taken into account .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While unformulated drug exhibited poor solubility ( 0 . 22 mu g / mL in FaSSGF and 4 . 31 mu g / mL in FaSSIF - V2 ( PO4 ) ) and dissolved less than 2 % in dissolution tests , the solubility of fenofibrate in the presence of the lipid excipients increased dramatically ( e . g . , to 65 . 44 mu g / mL in the presence of the Myritol 318 / TPGS / Tween 80 SMEDDS ) and there was an attendant increase in the dissolution ( over 80 % from capsules containing the Myritol 318 / TPGS / Tween 80 SMEDDS and about 20 % from the dispersion of fenofibrate in lipid excipients ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "V2 ( PO4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 205]}, {"entity": "Myritol 318", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [325, 336]}, {"entity": "TPGS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [339, 343]}, {"entity": "Tween 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [346, 354]}, {"entity": "Myritol 318", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [460, 471]}, {"entity": "TPGS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [474, 478]}, {"entity": "Tween 80", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [481, 489]}, {"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [535, 546]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the four lipid - based fenofibrate formulations studied , combining in vitro data in biorelevant media with in silico simulation resulted in accurate prediction of the in vivo human plasma profiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenofibrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The point estimates of Cmax and AUC ratio calculated from the in silico and in vivo plasma profiles fell within the 0 . 8 - 1 . 25 range for the SMEDDS solution and capsule formulations , suggesting an accurate simulation of the in vivo profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This similarity was confirmed by calculation of the respective f2 factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivity analysis of the simulation profiles revealed that the SMEDDS formulations had virtually removed any dependency of absorption on the dissolution rate in the small intestine , whereas for the dispersion in lipid excipients , this barrier remained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such results pave the way to optimizing the performance of oral lipid - based formulations via an in vitro - in silico - in vivo approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of brucine following transdermal administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before the design of brucine - containing transdermal formulations , the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of brucine following transdermal administration should be evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the effect of addition of ethanol on solubility of bruicne was investigated and 20 % ethanol was added into PBS to obtain 10mg / mL brucine solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "bruicne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then three transdermal doses ( 10 , 20 and 40mg / kg ) were administered to mice to evaluate pharmacological activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had been demonstrated that brucine possessed analgesic and anti - inflammatory activity in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicities of brucine against various tumor cells including skin tumor cell were also compared in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brucine was found to possess antitumor activity in a concentration and time - dependent manner and gastrointestinal tumor cells seemed to be more sensitive to brucine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then in vitro skin permeation behavior and in vivo pharmacokinetics following transdermal administration were further investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative amounts of brucine across mouse skin in vitro were found to be higher than 90 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute bioavailability of brucine was determined to be 40 . 83 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And compared with intravenous administration , MRT and T1 / 2 values were increased about 8 ~ 12 - fold by transdermal route .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , fluctuations of drug levels were found to be significantly decreased in tissues , especially in brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , no dermal toxicity of brucine was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study indicated that transdermal administration might be beneficial for the sustained efficacy and reduced toxicity of brucine .", "entity": [{"entity": "brucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vascular protective properties of kinsenoside isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii under high glucose condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of diabetes and some other diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vascular protective effect of its major active ingredient , kinsenoside , in high glucose conditions was investigated in in vivo and in vitro experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In in vivo tests , kinsenoside ( 50 and 100mg / kg ) efficiently lowered blood glucose and cholesterol levels and it enhanced the oxidation resistance of diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the in vitro assay , kinsenoside ( 20 and 50 mu g / mL ) markedly inhibited changes in various biochemical substances ( nitric oxide ( NO ) , lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and catalase ( CAT ) ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) damaged by high glucose ( 35mM ) and restored vascular endothelial structure by balancing the matrix metalloproteinases - the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP - TIMP ) system .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}, {"entity": "lactic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vascular protective effects of kinsenoside were speculated to be attributed to oxidative stress inhibition and the reduction of nuclear factor kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) mRNA expression levels in high glucose conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , histological examination , including hematoxylin - eosin ( H & E ) staining , masson trichrome ( Masson ) staining , and periodic Schiff - methenamine ( PASM ) staining , greatly supported the morphological and functional amelioration of diabetes - related changes in mice aortas after kinsenoside ( 20 and 50 mu g / mL ) treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematoxylin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "eosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "methenamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that kinsenoside might be a promising agent for the treatment of diabetic vascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "kinsenoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of a DNA - based identification technique to over - the - counter herbal medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reliable methods to identify medicinal plant material are becoming more important in an increasingly regulated market place .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA - based methods have been recognised as a valuable tool in this area with benefits such as being unaffected by the age of the plant material , growth conditions and harvesting techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible that the methods of production used for medicinal plant products will degrade or remove DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So how applicable are these techniques to processed medicinal plant products ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple PCR - based identification technique has been developed for St .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John ' s Wort , Hypericum perforatum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen St .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "John ' s Wort products were purchased including capsules , tablets and tinctures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA was extracted from each product , and the species specific PCR test conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA was successfully extracted from all thirteen products , using a fast and efficient modified method for extracting DNA from tinctures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only four products yielded the full length ITS region ( 850bp ) due to the quality of the DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the products tested positive for H . perforatum DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA - based identification methods can complement existing methods of authentication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper shows that these methods are applicable to a wide range of processed products , provided that they are designed to account for the possibility of DNA degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioactive carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii ( L . ) Spreng .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbazole alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four new carbazole alkaloids ( 1 - 4 ) and fourteen known carbazole alkaloids ( 5 - 18 ) were isolated from Murraya koenigii .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbazole alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "carbazole alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 4 , 6 , 16 , and 17 ( 10 mu M ) had moderate hepatoprotective activities against d - galactosamine - induced HL - 7702 cell damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - galactosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 11 , 12 and 18 showed significant PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1 . 773 , 1 . 875 and 2 . 286 mu M , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin attenuates allergic airway inflammation by regulation of CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) regulatory T cells ( Tregs ) / Th17 balance in ovalbumin - sensitized mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to determine the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of curcumin on ovalbumin ( OVA ) - induced allergic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asthma mice model was established by ovalbumin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 60 mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups : control , model , dexamethasone ( 2mg / kg ) , and curcumin ( 50mg / kg , 100mg / kg , 200mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Airway resistance ( Raw ) was measured by the forced oscillation technique , differential cell count in BAL fluid ( BALF ) was measured by Wright - Giemsa staining , histological assessment was measured by hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining , BALF levels of Treg / Th17 cytokines were measured by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay , Treg cells and Th17 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry ( FCM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematoxylin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 217]}, {"entity": "eosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study demonstrated that curcumin inhibited OVA - induced increases in eosinophil count ; interleukin ( IL ) - 17A level were recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased IL - 10 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological studies demonstrated that curcumin substantially inhibited OVA - induced eosinophilia in lung tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flow cytometry ( FCM ) studies demonstrated that curcumin remarkably inhibited Th17 cells and significantly increased Treg cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results in vivo show ovalbumin - induced significantly broke Treg / Th17 balance ; curcumin treatments markedly attenuated the inflammatory in asthma model by regulating Treg / Th17 balance .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings support the possible use of curcumin as a therapeutic drug for patients with allergic asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification , assessment and management of \" endocrine disruptors \" in wildlife in the EU substance legislation - Discussion paper from the German Federal Environment Agency ( UBA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A discussion paper was developed by a panel of experts of the German Federal Environment Agency ( UBA ) contributing to the on - going debate on the identification , assessment and management of endocrine disruptors with a view to protect wildlife according to the EU substance legislation ( plant protection products , biocides , industrial chemicals ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on a critical synthesis of the state - of - the - art regarding regulatory requirements , testing methods , assessment schemes , decision - making criteria and risk management options , we advise an appropriate and consistent implementation of this important subject into existing chemicals legislation in Europe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our proposal for a balanced risk management of endocrine disruptors essentially advocates transparent regulatory decision making based on a scientifically robust weight of evidence approach and an adequate risk management consistent across different legislations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With respect to the latter , a more explicit consideration of the principle of proportionality of regulatory decision making and socio - economic benefits in the on - going debate is further encouraged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - Terminal Region of Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding Protein Is a ZZ Domain with Potential for Protein - Protein Interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein ( CPEB ) provides temporal and spatial control of protein synthesis required for early development and neuronal synaptic plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CPEB regulates protein expression by inhibiting polyadenylation of selected mRNA transcripts , which prevents binding of the ribosome for protein synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two RNA recognition motif domains and a C - terminal binuclear zinc - binding domain are required for mRNA binding , but the zinc - binding domain is not required for sequence - specific recognition of the targeted mRNA transcript .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 41]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure and function of the zinc - binding domain of CPEB are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - terminal region of CPEB may participate in assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex that includes the scaffold protein , Symplekin , and the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sumoylation of Symplekin is required for polyadenylation , and both cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor and poly ( A ) polymerase are sumoylated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The foreshortened poly ( A ) tail is maintained by poly ( A ) ribonuclease , which associates with CPEB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While zinc - binding domains are renowned for nucleic acid recognition , binuclear zinc - binding structural motifs , such as LIM ( Lin - 11 , Isl - 1 , Mec - 3 ) , RING ( really interesting new gene ) , PHD ( plant homeodomain ) and ZZ ( ZZ - type zinc finger ) domains , participate in protein - protein interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the solution structure of the C - terminal zinc - binding domain of CPEB1 ( CPEB1 - ZZ ) , which has a cross - braced zinc binding topology .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structural similarity to other ZZ domains suggests that the CPEB1 - ZZ domain recruits sumoylated proteins during assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex prior to mRNA export from the nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of monomeric and multimeric snake neurotoxins and other bioactive proteins from the venom of the lethal Australian common copperhead ( Austrelaps superbus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Envenomation by Australian copperheads results mainly in muscle paralysis largely attributed to the presence of postsynaptic alpha - neurotoxins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , poorly reversible neurotoxic effects suggest that these venoms may contain snake presynaptic phospholipase A2 neurotoxins ( SPANs ) that irreversibly inhibit neurotransmitter release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using size - exclusion liquid chromatography , the present study isolated the first multimeric SPAN complex from the venom of the Australian common copperhead , Austrelaps superbus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multimeric SPAN P - elapitoxin - As1a ( P - EPTX - As1a ) along with two novel monomeric SPANs and a new postsynaptic alpha - neurotoxin were then pharmacologically characterized using the chick biventer cervicis nerve - muscle preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All SPANs inhibited nerve - evoked twitch contractions at the neuromuscular junction without inhibiting contractile responses to cholinergic agonists or KCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These actions are consistent with a prejunctional action to inhibit neurotransmitter release , without direct myotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the multimeric P - EPTX - As1a caused tetanic ' fade ' in muscle tension under high frequency nerve stimulation , and produced a triphasic alteration to neurotransmitter release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These actions have been previously noted with other multimeric SPAN complexes such as taipoxin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the neurotoxic alpha - subunit of P - EPTX - As1a shows high homology to taipoxin alpha - chain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several other coagulopathic and myotoxic high mass proteins including a class PIII snake venom metalloproteinase , C - type lectin , l - amino acid oxidase , acetylcholinesterase and phospholipase B were also identified that may contribute to the overall toxicity of A . superbus venom .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , clinicians should be aware that early antivenom intervention might be necessary to prevent the onset of irreversible presynaptic neurotoxicity caused by multimeric and monomeric SPANs and that A . superbus venom is potentially capable of producing coagulopathic and myotoxic effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry of sterols and oxysterols in brain of the newborn Dhcr7 ( Delta 3 - 5 / T93M ) mouse : A model of Smith - Lemli - Opitz syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study the sterol and oxysterol profile of newborn brain from the Dhcr7 ( Delta 3 - 5 / T93M ) mouse model of Smith - Lemli - Opitz syndrome ( SLOS ) has been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is a viable mouse model which is compound heterozygous containing one null allele and one T93M mutation on Dhcr7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find the SLOS mouse has reduced levels of cholesterol and desmosterol and increased levels of 7 - and 8 - dehydrocholesterol and of 7 - and 8 - dehydrodesmosterol in brain compared to the wild type .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "desmosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "7 - and 8 - dehydrocholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 127]}, {"entity": "7 - and 8 - dehydrodesmosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The profile of enzymatically formed oxysterols in the SLOS mouse resembles that in the wild type but the level of 24S - hydroxycholesterol , the dominating cholesterol metabolite , is reduced in a similar proportion to that of cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 138]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of oxysterols abundant in the SLOS mouse are probably derived from 7 - dehydrocholesterol , however , the mechanism of their formation is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "7 - dehydrocholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interrelationship between ATP - binding cassette transporters and oxysterols .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP - binding cassette ( ABC ) transporters constitute a ubiquitous superfamily of membrane proteins responsible for the translocation of several substances across membranes using the chemical energy provided by ATP hydrolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABC transporters participate in many physiological and pathophysiological processes , including cholesterol and lipid transportation and multidrug resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation , formed by both enzymatic and non - enzymatic mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of oxysterols in cholesterol metabolism and several diseases has been widely investigated , but many questions remain to be answered .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several lines of evidence link ABC transporter functions with cholesterol and oxysterol metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review discusses ABC transporters , oxysterols , and how they interact with each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Donor substrate specificity of bovine kidney gamma - glutamyltransferase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enzyme gamma - glutamyltransferase ( GGT ) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma - glutamyl isopeptide bond of glutathione conjugates ( donor substrates ) , releasing glutamic acid , or the transfer of the donor ' s gamma - glutamyl group to an acceptor substrate , such as a dipeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - glutamyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "gamma - glutamyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "dipeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [280, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specificity of GGT for xenobiotic donor substrates has not been fully characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transpeptidation activity of bovine kidney GGT was measured with glycylglycine as the acceptor substrate and several glutathione conjugate donor substrates , representative of detoxication products of polycyclic aromatic xenobiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HPLC separation with UV detection was used for quantitation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The commonly - used chromogenic substrate gamma - glutamyl - p - nitroanilide was also tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - glutamyl - p - nitroanilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Michaelis constants ( Km ) were obtained for 4 - nitrobenzylglutathione ( 0 . 075mM ) , 2 , 4 - dinitrophenylglutathione ( 0 . 30mM ) , 4 - methylbiphenylylglutathione ( 0 . 12mM ) , 1 - menaphthylglutathione ( 0 . 23mM ) , and 9 - methylanthracenylglutathione ( 0 . 22mM ) , indicating a trend towards higher values for bulkier substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - nitrobenzylglutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 71]}, {"entity": "2 , 4 - dinitrophenylglutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 120]}, {"entity": "4 - methylbiphenylylglutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 167]}, {"entity": "1 - menaphthylglutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 208]}, {"entity": "9 - methylanthracenylglutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide insight into the capacity of GGT to act in the biotransformation of aromatic compounds , many of which are of toxicological importance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - fibrotic effects of puerarin on CCl4 - induced hepatic fibrosis in rats possibly through the regulation of PPAR - gamma expression and inhibition of PI3K / Akt pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "puerarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic fibrosis ( HF ) is a chronic disease , which primarily leads to liver unregulated metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of puerarin ( PR ) , an active ingredient from kudzu root , on CCl4 - induced HF rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "puerarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PR effectively ameliorated the liver metabolic function , resulting in reduced serum enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , total - bilirubin ( T - bilirubin ) , extracellular matrix ( ECM ) contents and increased levels of albumin , total - protein ( T - protein ) in HF rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 153]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 198]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , pathological examination showed that the CCl4 - lesioned liver was mitigated by PR treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , we also detected significantly reduced levels of hydroxyproline ( Hyp ) , type III precollagen ( PCIII ) and collagen I ( Col I ) in the liver tissue of HF rats , whereas the peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma ( PPAR - gamma ) expression was effectively increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyproline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Hyp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the expression of tissue inhibitor of metal protease - 1 ( TIMP - 1 ) was decreased , while the expression of matrix metalloproteinase - 2 ( MMP - 2 ) was increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the expression of p - PI3K and p - Akt was significantly down - regulated by PR treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , PR could attenuate the CCl4 - induced toxicity in the hepatocytes of HF rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It played a protective role in the liver tissue probably through regulating the PPAR - gamma expression and blocking the PI3K / Akt pathway to inhibit the excessive deposition of collagen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary exposure of juvenile female mice to polyhalogenated seafood contaminants ( HBCD , BDE - 47 , PCB - 153 , TCDD ) : Comparative assessment of effects in potential target tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "PCB - 153", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish represents source of nutrients and major dietary vehicle of lipophilic persistent contaminants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study compared the effects of two legacy and two emerging fish pollutants ( Hexabromocyclododecane HBCD ; 2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' - Tetrabromodiphenyl ether BDE - 47 ; 2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' , 5 , 5 ' - Hexachlorobiphenyl PCB - 153 ; 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - doxin TCDD ) in juvenile female mice exposed through a salmon based rodent diet for 28days ( dietary doses : HBCD 199mg / kg bw / day ; BDE - 47 450 mu g / kg bw / day ; PCB - 153 195 mu g / kg bw / day ; TCDD 90ng / kg bw / day ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hexabromocyclododecane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 102]}, {"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' - Tetrabromodiphenyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 154]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' , 5 , 5 ' - Hexachlorobiphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 214]}, {"entity": "PCB - 153", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 224]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - doxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 273]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 278]}, {"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [377, 381]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [404, 412]}, {"entity": "PCB - 153", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [438, 447]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [473, 477]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose levels were comparable to previously reported developmental Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the treatments elicited signs of overt toxicity , but HBCD increased relative liver weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds caused changes in liver , thymus and thyroid ; spleen was affected by BDE - 47 and PCB - 153 ; no effects were seen in uterus and adrenals .", "entity": [{"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "PCB - 153", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strongest effects in thyroid follicles were elicited by PCB - 153 , in thymus and liver by BDE - 47 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB - 153", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBCD and BDE - 47 induced liver fatty changes , but appeared to be less potent in the other tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBCD , BDE - 47 and TCDD increased serum testosterone levels and the testosterone / estradiol ratio , suggesting a potential involvement of pathways related to sex steroid biosynthesis and / or metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBCD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results support the role of toxicological studies on juvenile rodents in the hazard characterization of chemicals , due to endocrine and / or immune effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gambogic acid inhibits angiogenesis through inhibiting PHD2 - VHL - HIF - 1 alpha pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gambogic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous studies revealed that gambogic acid ( GA ) , the major active ingredient of gamboge , possessed antiangiogenic activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "gambogic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we further explored the mechanism of inhibition effects of GA in tumor angiogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of luciferase , RT - PCR , and ELISA assays indicated that GA significantly decreased transcription activation , mRNA expression , and secretion of VEGF in hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We detected that GA had no effect on mRNA level of HIF - 1 alpha which targets VEGF gene , but the increase of HIF - 1 alpha protein expression in hypoxia was repressed by GA , which can be reversed by proteasomal inhibitor MG132 and siRNA of VHL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But GA exhibited no effect on expression of VHL both in normoxia and hypoxia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIF prolyl hydroxylases ( PHD enzymes ) act as oxygen sensors regulating HIF , and hence angiogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that GA potentially enhanced level of PHD2 , the most important HIF hydroxylase , and showed no effect on PHD1 and PHD3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient transfection of siRNA of PHD2 could eliminate GA - induced VEGF secretion increase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth of HepG2 xenografts in BALB / cA nude mice was inhibited by GA and angiogenesis was repressed significantly in tumor xenografts by immunohistochemical staining of CD - 31 , a vascular endothelial marker , accompanied with decrease of HIF - 1 alpha and increase of PHD2 expression in tissue extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work provides the demonstration that GA shows anti - angiogenic effects via inhibiting PHD2 - VHL - HIF - 1 alpha pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coumarins hinged directly on benzimidazoles and their ribofuranosides to inhibit hepatitis C virus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coumarins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "benzimidazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "ribofuranosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new compound library that contained 20 hinged benzimidazole - coumarin hybrids and their beta - d - ribofuranosides was established .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "beta - d - ribofuranosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) activity of all novel coumarin derivatives , which were obtained by use of organic synthetic methods , was tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of these hybrids exhibited appealing EC50 values of as low as 3 . 0 and 5 . 5 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best selectivity index was 14 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incorporation of a d - ribofuranose into the hinged hybrids provided the corresponding nucleosides with the beta configuration , one of which inhibited HCV replication with an EC50 value of 20 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - ribofuranose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the structure - activity relationship is elucidated on the basis of the functional groups that were attached to the nuclei of benzimidazole , coumarin , and ribofuranose of the hybrids .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 154]}, {"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "ribofuranose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective role of l - carnitine against cylindrospermopsin - induced oxidative stress in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "cylindrospermopsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cylindrospermopsin ( CYN ) is one of the most important cyanotoxins in terms of both human health and environmental quality and is produced by several different species of cyanobacteria , including Aphanizomenon ovalisporum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cylindrospermopsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The principal mechanisms of action of CYN involve inhibition of protein and glutathione synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , CYN - mediated genotoxicity results from DNA fragmentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that oxidative stress also plays a significant role in CYN pathogenesis in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the protective effects of l - carnitine ( LC ) pre - treatment on A . ovalisporum - induced oxidative stress in cells containing CYN and deoxy - CYN , or pure standard CYN , in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) that had been acutely exposed via oral administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "deoxy - CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various oxidative stress markers , including lipid peroxidation ( LPO ) , protein oxidation , DNA oxidation , and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidised glutathione ( GSH / GSSG ) , and the activities of NADPH oxidase , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) , and gamma - glutamyl - cysteine synthetase ( gamma - GCS ) , were evaluated in the livers and kidneys of fish in the absence and presence of 400 or 880mgLC / kgfish / day during a 21 day period prior to CYN - intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 146]}, {"entity": "oxidised glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 183]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 215]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 236]}, {"entity": "gamma - glutamyl - cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [280, 307]}, {"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [479, 482]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of our study demonstrated for the first time the beneficial antioxidant effects of LC dietary supplementation on oxidative stress status in fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No pro - oxidant effects were detected at any of the LC doses assayed , suggesting that LC is a chemoprotectant that reduces hepatic and renal oxidative stress and may be effective when used for the prophylaxis and treatment of CYN - related intoxication in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A child exposed to primidone not prescribed for her .", "entity": [{"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 7 . 5 - year - old girl who was treated with phenobarbital ( PHB ) for epilepsy was admitted with decreased levels of consciousness .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had been known to have high PHB levels of unknown cause , without symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her PHB levels were very high , as expected , but primidone levels were also detected although she and her parents denied history of primidone administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wished to rule out intentional unprescribed use of primidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our retrospective review showed 3 other children with high PHB concentrations where primidone was also detected when PHB levels were over 130 mu mol / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complementary studies confirmed that high - dose PHB can convert to its prodrug primidone , which has not been reported previously .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "primidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systematic review of population pharmacokinetic analyses of imatinib and relationships with treatment outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "imatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several population pharmacokinetic ( PPK ) analyses of the anticancer drug imatinib have been performed to investigate different patient populations and covariate effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "imatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present analysis offers a systematic qualitative and quantitative summary and comparison of those .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its primary objective was to provide useful information for evaluating the expectedness of imatinib plasma concentration measurements in the frame of therapeutic drug monitoring .", "entity": [{"entity": "imatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary objective was to review clinically important concentration - effect relationships to provide help in evaluating the potential suitability of plasma concentration values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine PPK models describing total imatinib plasma concentration were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "imatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameter estimates were standardized to common covariate values whenever possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicted median exposure ( C min ) was derived by simulations and ranged between models from 555 to 1388 ng / mL ( grand median : 870 ng / mL and interquartile \" reference \" range : 520 - 1390 ng / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Covariates of potential clinical importance ( up to 30 % change in pharmacokinetic predicted by at least 1 model ) included body weight , albumin , alpha 1 acid glycoprotein , and white blood cell count .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various other covariates were included but were statistically not significant or seemed clinically less important or physiologically controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration - response relationships had more importance below the average reference range and concentration - toxicity relationships above .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic drug monitoring - guided dosage adjustment seems justified for imatinib , but a formal predictive therapeutic range remains difficult to propose in the absence of prospective target concentration intervention trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "imatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the expectedness of a drug concentration measurement in practice , this review allows comparison of the measurement either to the average reference range or to a specific range accounting for individual patient characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For future research , external PPK model validation or meta - model development should be considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli - induced macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 mediates cancer cell survival : an in vitro implication of infection - linked tumor dissemination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucosally adherent Escherichia coli is frequently observed in intestinal surface of patients with colorectal cancer , but rarely in healthy control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particularly , enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( EPEC ) is known to be closely associated with colorectal carcinogenesis in human .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , one consequence of EPEC infection in human intestinal cancer cells was induction of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 ( MIC - 1 ) , which is a multifunctional cytokine with biological activities involved in cancer cell growth , differentiation and migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present investigation assessed the involvement of MIC - 1 protein in EPEC infection - mediated cancer cell survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The challenge with EPEC induced cancer cell detachment via cytoskeleton rearrangement , which was positively associated with induced MIC - 1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , MIC - 1 also mediated RhoA GTPase - linked survival of the detached cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blocking of MIC - 1 or RhoA activity increased cellular apoptosis of the detached cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In terms of signaling pathway , MIC - 1 triggered transforming growth factor beta - activated kinase 1 ( TAK1 ) , which enhanced expression of RhoA GTPase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that EPEC enhances MIC - 1 gene expression in the human intestinal cancer cells , which can be associated with enhanced tumor cell resistance to anchorage - dependent tumor cell death via enhanced TAK1 and RhoA GTPase . Oncogene advance online publication , 18 March 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2012 . 508 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regulatory roles of phosphatases in cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relevance of potentially reversible post - translational modifications required for controlling cellular processes in cancer is one of the most thriving arenas of cellular and molecular biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Any alteration in the balanced equilibrium between kinases and phosphatases may result in development and progression of various diseases , including different types of cancer , though phosphatases are relatively under - studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of phosphatases such as PTEN ( phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 ) , a known tumour suppressor , across tumour types lends credence to the development of phosphatidylinositol 3 - - kinase inhibitors alongside the use of phosphatase expression as a biomarker , though phase 3 trial data are lacking .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we give an updated report on phosphatase dysregulation linked to organ - specific malignancies . Oncogene advance online publication , 18 March 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2013 . 80 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sol - gel nanoglues for an organic binder - free TiO2 nanofiber anode for lithium ion batteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A TiO2 nanofiber anode is glued using a sol - gel reaction to improve cycle performance and Coulombic efficiencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrolysis - condensation process produces TiO2 nanoglues consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles , providing strong adhesion between nanofibers and the current collector as well as between nanofibers , rendering favourable transporting properties of electrons and Li ions in the TiO2 nanofiber electrode , and eventually leading to the excellent performance of Li ion batteries exhibiting an excellent initial Coulombic efficiency ( ~ 85 % ) , cycle performance up to 100 cycles , and high rate capability ( 60 % at 5 C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 264]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 281]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [359, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular effects of manufactured nanoparticles : effect of adsorption ability of nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoparticles are important industrial materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , many nanoparticles show biological effects , including toxic activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metal ion release is the most important factor affecting the biological effects of nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , nanoparticles have large adsorption ability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adsorption ability , in particular protein adsorption to nanoparticles , has an effect on cellular uptake and cellular metabolisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the adsorption ability of nanoparticles causes artificial effects in in vitro systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , accurate determination of released or secreted proteins such as lactate dehydrogenase and cytokines adsorbed to nanoparticles is affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , artificial effects cause overestimation or underestimation of the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , measurement of the protein adsorption of nanoparticles is important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some methods for the determination of the adsorption to nanoparticles have been suggested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flow field - flow fractionation method is one of the efficient techniques for determining proteins on the surface of nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cellular effects caused by nanoparticles should be carefully considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol attenuates tumour cell - mediated breaching of the lymphendothelial barrier and prevents intravasation and metastasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Health beneficial effects of xanthohumol have been reported , and basic research provided evidence for anti - cancer effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , xanthohumol was shown to inhibit the migration of endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , this study investigated the anti - metastatic potential of xanthohumol .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCF - 7 breast cancer spheroids which are placed on lymphendothelial cells ( LECs ) induce \" circular chemorepellent - induced defects \" ( CCIDs ) in the LEC monolayer resembling gates for intravasating tumour bulks at an early step of lymph node colonisation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NF - kappa B reporter - , EROD - , SELE - , 12 ( S ) - HETE - and adhesion assays were performed to investigate the anti - metastatic properties of xanthohumol .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 ( S ) - HETE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analyses were used to elucidate the mechanisms inhibiting CCID formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol inhibited the activity of CYP , SELE and NF - kB and consequently , the formation of CCIDs at low micromolar concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More specifically , xanthohumol affected ICAM - 1 expression and adherence of MCF - 7 cells to LECs , which is a prerequisite for CCID formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , markers of epithelial - to - mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) and of cell mobility such as paxillin , MCL2 and S100A4 were suppressed by xanthohumol .", "entity": [{"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xanthohumol attenuated tumour cell - mediated defects at the lymphendothelial barrier and inhibited EMT - like effects thereby providing a mechanistic explanation for the anti - intravasative / anti - metastatic properties of xanthohumol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "xanthohumol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas - phase structures and thermochemistry of neutral histidine and its conjugated acid and base .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive exploration of the conformational space of neutral , protonated and deprotonated histidine has been conducted at the G4MP2 level .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical protonation and deprotonation thermochemistry as well as heats of formation of gaseous histidine and its ionized forms have been calculated at the G4 level considering either the most stable conformers or an equilibrium population of conformers at 298 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These theoretical results were compared to evaluated experimental determinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recommended proton affinity and protonation entropy deduced from these comparisons are PA ( His ) = 980 kJ mol ( - 1 ) and Delta pS ( His ) ~ 0 J mol ( - 1 ) K ( - 1 ) , thus leading to a gas - phase basicity value of GB ( His ) = 947 . 5 kJ mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , gas phase acidity parameters are Delta acidH ( o ) ( His ) = 1373 kJ mol ( - 1 ) , Delta acidS ( His ) ~ 10 J mol ( - 1 ) K ( - 1 ) and Delta acidG ( o ) ( His ) = 1343 kJ mol ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computed G4 heats of formation values are equal to - 290 , 265 and - 451 kJ mol ( - 1 ) for gaseous neutral histidine and its protonated and deprotonated forms , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present computational data correct , and complete , previous thermochemical parameter estimates proposed for gas - phase histidine and its acido - basic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal perinatal diet induces developmental programming of bone architecture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal high - fat ( HF ) diet can alter offspring metabolism via perinatal developmental programming .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study tests the hypothesis that maternal HF diet also induces perinatal programming of offspring bone mass and strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared skeletal acquisition in pups from C57Bl / 6J mice fed HF or normal diet from preconception through lactation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - week - old male and female pups from HF ( HF - N ) and normal mothers ( N - N ) were weaned onto normal diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes at 14 and 26 weeks of age included body mass , body composition , whole - body bone mineral content ( WBBMC ) via peripheral dual - energy X - ray absorptiometry , femoral cortical and trabecular architecture via microcomputed tomography , and glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Female HF - N had normal body mass and glucose tolerance , with lower body fat ( % ) but higher serum leptin at 14 weeks vs . N - N ( P < 0 . 05 for both ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WBBMC was 12 % lower at 14 weeks and 5 % lower at 26 weeks , but trabecular bone volume fraction was 20 % higher at 14 weeks in female HF - N vs . N - N ( P < 0 . 05 for all ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male HF - N had normal body mass and mildly impaired glucose tolerance , with lower body fat ( % ) at 14 weeks and lower serum leptin at 26 weeks vs . N - N ( P < 0 . 05 for both ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum insulin was higher at 14 weeks and lower at 26 weeks in HF - N vs . N - N ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trabecular BV / TV was 34 % higher and cortical bone area was 6 % higher at 14 weeks vs . N - N ( P < 0 . 05 for both ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that maternal HF diet has complex effects on offspring bone , supporting the hypothesis that maternal diet alters postnatal skeletal homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LIM - homeodomain Transcription Factor Isl - 1 Mediates the Effect of Leptin on Insulin Secretion in Mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the well known regulating effects of leptin on energy balance and glucose homeostasis through the central nervous system , circulating leptin has a direct effect on pancreatic islet and insulin secretion through its receptor ( OBRb ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LIM - homeodomain transcription factor Isl - 1 is expressed in all classes of pancreatic endocrine cells and is involved in regulating both islet development and insulin secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both OBRb and Isl - 1 mutations result in obesity - related diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the interactions and physiological significance of leptin and Isl - 1 in pancreatic islets remain to be established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that most of leptin target cells in pancreatic islets and NIT beta cells express Isl - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that leptin suppresses Isl - 1 expression and insulin secretion in islet in physiological and pathophysiological conditions , e . g . high fat diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect of leptin on insulin secretion is lost in leptin receptor - defective db / db and Isl - 1 - inducible knock - out mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the action of leptin on insulin secretion is at least partly mediated by Isl - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another new finding of this study is that Isl - 1 acts as a direct downstream target of leptin signaling molecule STAT3 to influence the effect of leptin on insulin secretion , whereas inversely , insulin has feedback regulating effects on Isl - 1 expression through JAK - STAT3 pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are crucial for understanding the mechanisms regulating insulin secretion and metabolism in related diseases , such as obesity and type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testicular function and fertility in men with Klinefelter syndrome : a review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Klinefelter syndrome , 47 , XXY ( KS ) , is the most frequent sex chromosome aberration in males , affecting 1 in 660 newborn boys .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The syndrome is characterized by testicular destruction with extensive fibrosis and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules resulting in small testes , hypergonadotropic hypogonadism , and azoospermia in the majority of cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until recently , infertility was considered an untreatable condition in KS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , with the development of new advanced assisted reproductive techniques such as testicular sperm extraction ( TESE ) combined with ICSI it seems that KS patients should no longer be labelled as infertile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , microdissection ( micro ) - TESE has proved to be an advantageous procedure for the identification of testicular spermatozoa in KS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this review was to describe current knowledge on the testicular changes occurring in KS , the associated changes in reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis , and the existing possibilities of biological fatherhood in 47 , XXY patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Protein Misfolding / Aggregation Using Polyglutamine Binding Peptide QBP1 as a Therapy for the Polyglutamine Diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyglutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "Polyglutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein misfolding and aggregation in the brain have been recognized to be crucial in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases , including Alzheimer ' s , Parkinson ' s , and the polyglutamine ( polyQ ) diseases , which are collectively called the \" protein misfolding diseases \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 206]}, {"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the polyQ diseases , an abnormally expanded polyQ stretch in the responsible proteins causes the proteins to misfold and aggregate , eventually resulting in neurodegeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothesizing that polyQ protein misfolding and aggregation could be inhibited by molecules specifically binding to the expanded polyQ stretch , we identified polyQ binding peptide 1 ( QBP1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 134]}, {"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that QBP1 does , indeed , inhibit misfolding and aggregation of the expanded polyQ protein in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore overexpression of QBP1 by the crossing of transgenic animals inhibits neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of the polyQ diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also introduce our attempts to deliver QBP1 into the brain by administration using viral vectors and protein transduction domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , recent data suggest that QBP1 can also inhibit the misfolding / aggregation of proteins responsible for other protein misfolding diseases , highlighting the potential of QBP1 as a general therapeutic molecule for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hope that in the near future , aggregation inhibitor - based drugs will be developed and bring relief to patients suffering from these currently intractable protein misfolding diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Zaleplon Delivered as a Thermally Generated Aerosol in a Single Breath to Volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaleplon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , safety , and tolerability of inhaled zaleplon were assessed in healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "zaleplon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty participants received 0 . 5 , 1 , 2 , or 4 mg zaleplon or placebo as a thermally generated aerosol in a randomized , double - blind , parallel - group , dose escalation study .", "entity": [{"entity": "zaleplon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood was collected up to 24 hours after dosing , and sedation was assessed up to 8 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following inhalation , the observed median time to maximum plasma concentrations ( 25 % , 75 % ) was 1 . 89 ( 1 . 45 , 3 . 08 ) minutes and the mean ( SD ) elimination half - life was 1 . 24 ( 0 . 24 ) hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The equilibration half - life for sedation ( t1 / 2 ke0 ) was 1 . 16 ( 0 . 62 , 2 . 17 ) minutes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The zaleplon AUC was dose proportional across doses , with a slope ( 90 % confidence interval ) of log - AUC versus log - dose of 0 . 92 ( 0 . 82 , 1 . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zaleplon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No clinically significant changes were noted in laboratory values , vital signs , or spirometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common adverse events were dizziness , somnolence , euphoria , headache , and visual disturbance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zaleplon inhalation represents a safe , well - tolerated means of rapidly achieving effective plasma concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zaleplon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure - Exposure Relationship of Tocilizumab , an Anti - IL - 6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody , in a Large Population of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationships between tocilizumab exposure and response were evaluated using data from 4 phase III studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased tocilizumab exposure was associated with improvements in Disease Activity Score using 28 joints ( DAS28 ) and American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) criteria and with a decrease in inflammation markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A population pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic ( PKPD ) model was developed to describe data from 2 studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An indirect - response model with a sigmoid Emax ( maximal drug effect ) inhibitory drug effect on DAS28 \" production \" rate adequately described the relationship between tocilizumab concentration and DAS28 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean minimum serum tocilizumab concentration at steady state was greater than the EC50 ( concentration at which 50 % of Emax on DAS28 is reached ) with the 8 - mg / kg dose but not with the 4 - mg / kgdose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations within a large rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) population showed that DAS remission rates were 38 % for 8 mg / kg and 24 % for 4 mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tocilizumab was more potent in RA patients with higher baseline interleukin - 6 levels , but this effect was not clinically significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other covariates ( eg , presence of neutralizing antitocilizumab antibodies ) did not demonstrate a clinically meaningful effect on tocilizumab DAS28 dose - response relationships .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data support clinical observations that tocilizumab 8 mg / kg is more effective than 4 mg / kg in reducing disease activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sclerostin and bone strength in women in their 10 ( th ) decade of life .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sclerostin is a potent inhibitor of bone formation but has been shown to correlate positively with areal bone mineral density ( aBMD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little is known about its relationship to parameters of bone strength and volumentric BMD ( vBMD ) as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( pQCT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured both serum sclerostin and parameters of tibial bone size and strength by pQCT to characterize this relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study population consisted of 223 Caucasian and 35 African American women ( mean age 87 ) from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures ( SOF ) cohort , who had usable pQCT scans of the tibia at sites 4 % ( T4 % ) , 33 % ( T33 % ) , and 66 % ( T66 % ) from the ankle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of covariance was used to test for differences in age - adjusted means of aBMD , pQCT variables , and serum biomarkers across sclerostin quartiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Black women had significantly lower median sclerostin ( 34 . 3 pmol / L ) than white women ( 48 . 5 pmol / L ) ( p = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women in the highest sclerostin quartile had 7 - 14 . 5 % higher hip aBMD and pQCT parameters of vBMD and bone size than those in the lowest quartile in multivariate models adjusting for age , race , weight , height and diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of sclerostin with parameters of bone strength differed dramatically between T33 % and T66 % sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At T66 % , women in the highest sclerostin quartile had pQCT strength parameters 9 . 4 - 15 . 3 % greater than the lowest quartile , whereas no trend was found for the T33 % site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest paradoxical associations between circulating sclerostin and bone size , density and strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interplay of Octahedral Tilts and Polar Order in BiFeO3 Films .", "entity": [{"entity": "BiFeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterointerface stabilization of a distinct nonpolar BiFeO3 phase occurs simultaneously with changes in octahedral tilts .", "entity": [{"entity": "BiFeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting phase arises via suppression of polarization by a structural order parameter and can thus be identified as anti - ferroelectric ( Fe displacements - bottom panel ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phase is metastable and can be switched into a polar ferroelectric state ( top panel ) under an applied electric bias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobalt chloride speciation , mechanisms of cytotoxicity on human pulmonary cells , and synergistic toxicity with zinc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobalt chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobalt is used in numerous industrial sectors , leading to occupational diseases , particularly by inhalation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobalt - associated mechanisms of toxicity are far from being understood and information that could improve knowledge in this area is required .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the impact of a soluble cobalt compound , CoCl ( 2 ) . 6H ( 2 ) O , on the BEAS - 2B lung epithelial cell line , as well as its impact on metal homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "CoCl ( 2 ) . 6H ( 2 ) O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cobalt speciation in different culture media , in particular soluble and precipitated cobalt species , was investigated via theoretical and analytical approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic effects of cobalt on the cells were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon exposure of BEAS - 2B cells to cobalt , intracellular accumulation of cobalt and zinc was demonstrated using direct in situ microchemical analysis based on ion micro - beam techniques and analysis after cell lysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP - MS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microchemical imaging revealed that cobalt was rather homogeneously distributed in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm whereas zinc was more abundant in the nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modulation of zinc homeostasis led to the evaluation of the effect of combined cobalt and zinc exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , a clear synergistic increase in toxicity was observed as well as a substantial increase in zinc content within cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blots performed under the same coexposure conditions revealed a decrease in ZnT1 expression , suggesting that cobalt could inhibit zinc release through the modulation of ZnT1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study highlights the potential hazard to lung function , of combined exposure to cobalt and zinc .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Boosting Immunity to Small Tumor - Associated Carbohydrates with Bacteriophage Q beta Capsids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of an effective immunotherapy is an attractive strategy toward cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor associated carbohydrate antigens ( TACAs ) are overexpressed on a variety of cancer cell surfaces , which present tempting targets for anticancer vaccine development .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , such carbohydrates are often poorly immunogenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome this challenge , we show here that the display of a very weak TACA , the monomeric Tn antigen , on bacteriophage Q beta virus - like particles elicits powerful humoral responses to the carbohydrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of adjuvants , antigen display pattern , and vaccine dose on the strength and subclasses of antibody responses were established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local density of antigen rather than the total amount of antigen administered was found to be crucial for induction of high Tn - specific IgG titers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability to display antigens in an organized and high density manner is a key advantage of virus - like particles such as Q beta as vaccine carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycan microarray analysis showed that the antibodies generated were highly selective toward Tn antigens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Q beta elicited much higher levels of IgG antibodies than other types of virus - like particles , and the IgG antibodies produced reacted strongly with the native Tn antigens on human leukemia cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , Q beta presents a highly attractive platform for the development of carbohydrate - based anticancer vaccines .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell Durotaxis on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with Photogenerated Gradients of Modulus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behaviors of rat aortic smooth muscle ( A7r5 ) and human osteosarcoma ( U2OS ) cells on photo - cross - linked polyelectrolyte multilayers ( PEMUs ) with uniform , or gradients of , moduli were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PEMUs were built layer - by - layer with the polycation poly ( allylamine hydrochloride ) ( PAH ) and a polyanion poly ( acrylic acid ) ( PAA ) that was modified with photoreactive 4 - ( 2 - hydroxyethoxy ) benzophenone ( PAABp ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( allylamine hydrochloride )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 93]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "poly ( acrylic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 139]}, {"entity": "PAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}, {"entity": "4 - ( 2 - hydroxyethoxy ) benzophenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PEMUs with different uniform and gradients of modulus were generated by varying the time of uniform ultraviolet light exposure and by exposure through optical density gradient filters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of adhesion , morphology , cytoskeletal organization , and motility of the cells on the PEMUs revealed that A7r5 cells established a polarized orientation toward increasing modulus on shallow modulus gradients ( approximately 4 . 7 MPa mm ( - 1 ) ) and durotaxed toward stiffer regions on steeper gradients ( approximately 55 MPa mm ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , U2OS cells exhibited little orientation or durotaxis on modulus gradients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate the utility of photo - cross - linked PEMUs to direct vascular and osteoblast cell behavior , a potential application for PEMU coatings on biomedical implants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New selective inhibitors of MMP - 13 for inflammatory diseases : a patent evaluation ( W02012151158 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of compounds incorporating an aromatic scaffold based on isoxazolines were prepared in the patent application ( WO2012151158 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoxazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new compounds from the patent are defined to be biologically active metabolites , prodrugs , isomers , stereoisomers , solvates , hydrates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts , they are claimed to be useful for treating immunological conditions because of their inhibitory activities on matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP - 13 ) , although no specific MMP - 13 inhibition data or other rationale to explain their biological effects is provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds have a broad potential utility with osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , juvenile arthritis , psoriatic arthritis , degenerative joint disease or systemic lupus erythematosus among the likely preferred indications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased Levels of Inosine in a Mouse Model of Inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One possible mechanism linking inflammation with cancer involves the generation of reactive oxygen , nitrogen , and halogen species by activated macrophages and neutrophils infiltrating sites of infection or tissue damage , with these chemical mediators causing damage that ultimately leads to cell death and mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "halogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the most biologically deleterious chemistries of inflammation , we previously assessed products across the spectrum of DNA damage arising in inflamed tissues in the SJL mouse model nitric oxide overproduction ( Pang et al . ( 2007 ) Carcinogenesis 28 , 1807 - 1813 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the anticipated DNA damage chemistries , we observed significant changes only in lipid peroxidation - derived etheno adducts .", "entity": [{"entity": "etheno", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now developed an isotope - dilution , liquid chromatography - coupled , tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric method to quantify representative species across the spectrum of RNA damage products predicted to arise at sites of inflammation , including nucleobase deamination ( xanthosine and inosine ) , oxidation ( 8 - oxoguanosine ) , and alkylation ( 1 , N ( 6 ) - ethenoadenosine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleobase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 268]}, {"entity": "xanthosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 293]}, {"entity": "inosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 305]}, {"entity": "8 - oxoguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [322, 338]}, {"entity": "1 , N ( 6 ) - ethenoadenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of the method to the liver , spleen , and kidney from the SJL mouse model revealed generally higher levels of oxidative background RNA damage than was observed in DNA in control mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , compared to control mice , RcsX treatment to induce nitric oxide overproduction resulted in significant increases only in inosine and only in the spleen .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "inosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor , N - methylarginine , did not significantly affect the levels of inosine in control and RcsX - treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "N - methylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 66]}, {"entity": "inosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differences between DNA and RNA damage in the same animal model of inflammation point to possible influences from DNA repair , RcsX - induced alterations in adenosine deaminase activity , and differential accessibility of DNA and RNA to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as determinants of nucleic acid damage during inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 256]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehensive Experimental and Computational Analysis of Binding Energy Hot Spots at the NF - kappa B Essential Modulator / IKK beta Protein - Protein Interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein - protein interaction ( PPI ) interface between nuclear factor kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) essential modulator ( NEMO ) and I kappa B kinase subunit beta ( IKK beta ) , an interaction that is critical for NF - kappa B pathway signaling , using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental results confirm that the previously identified NEMO binding domain ( NBD ) region of IKK beta contains the highest concentration of hot - spot residues , the strongest of which are W739 , W741 , and L742 ( Delta Delta G = 4 . 3 , 3 . 5 , and 3 . 2 kcal / mol , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The region occupied by these residues defines a potentially druggable binding site on NEMO that extends for ~ 16 A to additionally include the regions that bind IKK beta L737 and F734 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBD residues D738 and S740 are also important for binding but do not make direct contact with NEMO , instead likely acting to stabilize the active conformation of surrounding residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We additionally found two previously unknown hot - spot regions centered on IKK beta residues L708 / V709 and L719 / I723 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The computational approach successfully identified all three hot - spot regions on IKK beta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the method was able to accurately quantify the energetic importance of all hot - spot residues involving direct contact with NEMO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results provide new information to guide the discovery of small - molecule inhibitors that target the NEMO / IKK beta interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They additionally clarify the structural and energetic complementarity between \" pocket - forming \" and \" pocket - occupying \" hot - spot residues , and further validate computational fragment mapping as a method for identifying hot spots at PPI interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting TRP Channels in Airway Disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel effective therapeutic agents are actively sought for the treatment of a broad spectrum of respiratory diseases which collectively significantly impact on mortality , morbidity and quality of life of hundreds of millions of people world - wide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include asthma , allergic rhinitis , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , cough , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , pulmonary arterial hypertension , cystic fibrosis and acute lung injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRP channels are broadly distributed throughout the respiratory tract and play an important physiological role in sensing and subsequently responding to a wide variety of stimuli , for example temperature , osmolarity and oxidant stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the context of respiratory disease however TRP channel function may be altered , eg : under conditions of oxidative stress , inflammation , hypoxia and mechanical stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition there is evidence that the expression / activity of TRP channels can be affected in the disease setting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulators of TRP channel function are therefore under investigation for a range of diseases including disorders of the respiratory system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several excellent review articles have discussed in detail evidence that modulation of specific TRP channels may be of benefit in specific respiratory diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article we have taken the approach of reviewing evidence that modulation of TRP channel function may be able to affect common and over - lapping characteristic features of respiratory diseases , for example bronchoconstriction , airways hyper - responsiveness , cough , airways inflammation , mucus hyper - secretion , exacerbations , lung injury , hypoxia and airways re - modelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The therapeutic potential of TRP channel modulators , the status of these agents in the clinic along with the challenges posed in this rapidly advancing field are also discussed in this review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemodynamics of septic shock : a historical perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 19th century , it was already known that severe infections could be associated with cardiovascular collapse , a fact essentially attributed to cardiac failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major experimental work in the rabbit , published by Romberg and P a ssler in 1899 , shifted attention to disturbed peripheral vascular tone as the mechanism of hypotension in these conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first half of the 20th century , great progresses were made in the pathophysiologic understanding of hemorrhagic and traumatic shocks , while researchers devoted relatively little attention to septic shock .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress in the hemodynamic understanding of septic shock resumed with the advent of critical care units .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hyperdynamic state was recognized in the late fifties and early sixties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present short review ends with landmark studies by Max Harry Weil , demonstrating the importance of venous pooling , and John H . Siegel , which introduced the concept of deficient peripheral utilization of oxygen , inspiring later work on the microvascular disturbances of septic shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of Enzyme Concentration of the Morphology and Properties of Enzymatically Triggered Peptide Hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently shown that thermolysine , a protease enzyme obtained from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko , can be used to trigger the gelation of FEFK ( F , phenylalanine ; E , glutamic acid ; K , lysine ) tetrapeptides through reverse hydrolysis and formation of longer peptide sequences , mainly octapeptides , that self - assemble readily .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article we investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the morphology and properties of enzymatically triggered peptide hydrogels using HPLC , FTIR , real - time SAXS , TEM , and shear rheology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that the enzyme concentration , Cenz , does not affect the final composition of the samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , this is dictated by the initial tetrapeptide concentration , C0 , suggesting the existence of a chemical equilibrium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We went on to show that Cenz does not affect the self - assembly of these peptides at a molecular level either nor the structure of the fibrillar network formed at the nanometer scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the mechanical properties were found to be affected by Cenz , where the shear moduli of the hydrogels were found to increase with increasing Cenz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that morphological differences between the hydrogels at the microscale are at the origin of their difference in mechanical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , we propose a morphological model in which denser network regions are found around the enzymes , resulting in the creation of heterogeneous networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These were confirmed by TEM measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The existence of these denser network regions will result in the reinforcement of the hydrogels , thus , explaining the high shear moduli obtained increasing Cenz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of Constituents of Piper retrofractum Fruits on Neurotrophic Activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new compounds , 1 - 3 , together with 22 known compounds , were isolated from the fruits of Piper retrofractum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 was found to enhance the neurite outgrowth of NGF - mediated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 0 . 1 to 10 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' Bacoside B ' - the need remains for establishing identity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bacoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacopa monnieri is fast gaining popularity for its beneficial effects on cognition and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The active constituents of the plant were putatively identified as ' bacosides A and B ' in older publications .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacosides A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently ' bacoside A ' was identified as a mixture of four saponins [ bacoside A3 ( 1 ) , bacopaside II ( 2 ) , bacopasaponin C ( 3 ) and the jujobogenin isomer of the latter ( 4 ) ] and was considered as part of major constituents of the herb along with bacopaside I ( 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacoside A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "bacoside A3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}, {"entity": "bacopaside II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "bacopasaponin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "jujobogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "bacopaside I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These major saponins now form part of analytical monographs in many Pharmacopoeia .", "entity": [{"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However identity of ' bacoside B ' still appears controversial with seemingly contradictory information available in the scientific literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time quality of many extracts and herbal products derived from the plant is still being determined based on the content of ' bacosides A and B ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacosides A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have elaborated these issues in this article along with our recommendations to move forward towards achieving scientific clarity on the subject .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interpretation of the margin of exposure for genotoxic carcinogens - Elicitation of expert knowledge about the form of the dose response curve at human relevant exposures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general approach to risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens has been to advise reduction of exposure to \" as low as reasonably achievable / practicable \" ( ALARA / P ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whilst this remains the preferred risk management option , it does not provide guidance on the urgency or extent of risk management actions necessary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this , the \" Margin of Exposure \" ( MOE ) approach has been proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MOE is the ratio between the point of departure for carcinogenesis and estimated human exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , interpretation of the MOE requires implicit or explicit consideration of the shape of the dose - response curve at human relevant exposures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a structured elicitation exercise , we captured expert opinion on available scientific evidence for low dose - response relationships for genotoxic carcinogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This allowed assessment of : available evidence for the nature of dose - response relationships at human relevant exposures ; the generality of judgments about such dose - response relationships ; uncertainties affecting judgments on the nature of such dose - response relationships ; and whether this last should differ for different classes of genotoxic carcinogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elicitation results reflected the variability in experts ' views on the form of the dose - response curve for low dose exposure and major sources of uncertainty affecting the assumption of a linear relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory effects of in vivo oxidized high - density lipoproteins on platelet aggregation : evidence from patients with abetalipoproteinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is evidence that high - density lipoproteins ( HDLs ) may regulate platelet function , but disparate results exist regarding the effects of oxidized HDLs on platelets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of our study was to determine the role of in vivo oxidized HDLs on platelet aggregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelet aggregation and redox status were investigated in 5 patients with abetalipoproteinemia ( ABLP ) or homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia , two rare metabolic diseases characterized by the absence of apolipoprotein B - containing lipoproteins , compared to 5 control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Platelets isolated from plasma of patients with ABLP aggregated 4 to 10 times more than control platelets , depending on the agonist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , no differences in the extent of platelet aggregation were observed between ABLP platelet - rich plasma ( PRP ) and control PRP , suggesting the presence of a protective factor in ABLP plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABLP HDLs inhibited agonist - induced platelet aggregation by binding to SR - BI , while control HDLs had no effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , lipoprotein - deficient plasma from patients with ABLP did not inhibit platelet aggregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe oxidative stress was evidenced in patients with ABLP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to control HDLs , ABLP HDLs showed a 40 % decrease of alpha - tocopherol and an 11 - fold increased malondialdehyde concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that in vivo oxidized HDLs do not lose their antiaggregatory properties despite oxidation . - Calzada , C . , V e ricel , E . , Colas , R . , Guillot , N . , El Khoury , G . , Drai , J . , Sassolas , A . , Peretti , N . , Ponsin , G . , Lagarde , M . , Moulin , P .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genome - wide association study of bronchodilator response in asthmatics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversibility of airway obstruction in response to beta 2 - agonists is highly variable among asthmatics , which is partially attributed to genetic factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a genome - wide association study of acute bronchodilator response ( BDR ) to inhaled albuterol , 534 290 single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) were tested in 403 white trios from the Childhood Asthma Management Program using five statistical models to determine the most robust genetic associations .", "entity": [{"entity": "albuterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary replication phase included 1397 polymorphisms in three asthma trials ( pooled n = 764 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second replication phase tested 13 SNPs in three additional asthma populations ( n = 241 , n = 215 and n = 592 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intergenic SNP on chromosome 10 , rs11252394 , proximal to several excellent biological candidates , significantly replicated ( P = 1 . 98 x 10 ( - 7 ) ) in the primary replication trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intronic SNP ( rs6988229 ) in the collagen ( COL22A1 ) locus also provided strong replication signals ( P = 8 . 51 x 10 ( - 6 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study applied a robust approach for testing the genetic basis of BDR and identified novel loci associated with this drug response in asthmatics . The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication , 19 March 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / tpj . 2013 . 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential tolerance to copper , but no evidence of population - level genetic differences in a widely - dispersing native barnacle .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite many estuaries having high levels of metal pollution , species are found to persist in these stressful environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Populations of estuarine invertebrates exposed to toxic concentrations of such metals may be under selection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in species with a wide - dispersal potential , any short - term results of localized selection may be counteracted by external recruitment from populations not under selection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The barnacle Amphibalanus variegatus is found in nearshore coastal environments as well as sheltered embayments and estuaries , including metal - impacted estuaries , from New South Wales , Australia to Western Australia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fertilised eggs of A . variegatus are brooded internally and released as larvae ( nauplii ) , which remain in the water - column for ~ 14 days before settling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence the species has a considerable dispersal capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to examine whether populations of A . variegatus from metal - impacted sites , displayed a greater tolerance to a toxicant ( copper ) than reference populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult barnacles where collected from twenty sites within two metal - impacted and fourteen sites within two reference estuaries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within 24 h , adults were induced to spawn and the offspring were exposed to copper in a laboratory assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Larvae collected from the metal - impacted estuaries demonstrated a greater tolerance to copper compared to those from reference sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if selection / localised in the metal impacted sites was occurring , the genetic structure of populations at three sites was examined using an AFLP methodology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No evidence of unique population identity and or selection ( outlier loci ) was detected suggesting that : ( 1 ) the tolerance displayed in the assay was derived from acclimation during development ; and / or ( 2 ) that the populations are open preventing the fixation of any unique alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diurnal pituitary - adrenal activity during schedule - induced polydipsia of water and ethanol in cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Intermittent delivery of an important commodity ( e . g . , food pellets ) generates excessive behaviors as an adjunct to the schedule of reinforcement ( adjunctive behaviors ) that are hypothesized to be due to conflict between engaging and escaping a situation where reinforcement is delivered , but at suboptimal rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : This study characterized the endocrine correlates during schedule - induced polydipsia of water and ethanol using a longitudinal approach in non - human primates .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) and cortisol were measured in samples from awake cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis , 11 adult males ) obtained at the onset , mid - day , and offset of their 12 - h light cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The monkeys were induced to drink water and ethanol ( 4 % w / v , in water ) using a fixed time ( FT ) 300 - s interval schedule of pellet delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction fluid changed every 30 sessions in the following order : water , 0 . 5 g / kg ethanol , 1 . 0 g / kg ethanol , and 1 . 5 g / kg ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following induction , ethanol and water were concurrently available for 22 h / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The FT 300 - s schedule gradually increased ACTH , but not cortisol , during water induction to a plateau sustained throughout ethanol induction in every monkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon termination of the schedule , ACTH decreased to baseline and cortisol below baseline .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diurnal ACTH and cortisol were unrelated to the dose of ethanol , but ACTH rhythm flattened at 0 . 5 g / kg / day and remained flattened .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The coincidence of elevated ACTH with the initial experience of drinking to intoxication may have altered the mechanisms involved in the transition to heavy drinking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repressive Epigenetic Changes at the Mglu2 Promoter in Frontal Cortex of 5 - HT2A Knockout Mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin 5 - HT2A and metabotropic glutamate 2 ( mGlu2 ) are G protein - coupled receptors suspected in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia , depression and suicide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous findings demonstrate that mGlu2 mRNA expression is down - regulated in brain cortical regions of 5 - HT2A knockout ( KO ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the molecular mechanism responsible for this alteration remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here repressive epigenetic changes at the promoter region of the mGlu2 gene in frontal cortex of 5 - HT2A - KO mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of 5 - HT2A receptor - dependent signaling in mice was associated with decreased acetylation of histone H3 ( H3ac ) and H4 ( H4ac ) , and increased tri - methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 ( H3K27me3 ) at the mGlu2 promoter - epigenetic changes that correlate with transcriptional repression .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 ( H3K4me1 / 2 / 3 ) nor tri - methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 ( H3K9me3 ) was affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Egr1 , a transcription factor whose promoter activity was positively regulated by the 5 - HT2A receptor agonist TCB - 2 , binds less to the mGlu2 promoter in frontal cortex of 5 - HT2A - KO as compared to wild - type mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCB - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , expression of mGlu2 was increased by viral - mediated gene transfer of Flag - tagged Egr1 in mouse frontal cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these observations suggest that 5 - HT2A receptor - dependent signaling epigenetically affects mGlu2 transcription in mouse frontal cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate with Overweight and Insulin Sensitivity in 12 - 16 - Year - old Spanish Children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHEA - S is the most abundant steroid hormone in human circulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a relationship of DHEA - S with obesity - related diseases has been reported , the metabolic role of this hormone remains unclear , particularly in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , we have investigated the relationship of DHEA - S levels with anthropometric variables , insulin , HOMA , and free fatty acids in adolescents .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study sample included 812 healthy 12 - 16 - year - old children ( 383 boys and 429 girls ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma DHEA - S was determined by RIA , insulin concentrations by IRMA , and free fatty acids by using a commercial kit .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin resistance was estimated using the HOMA index .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant differences in plasma DHEA - S levels were found between sexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHEA - S levels in overweight children were significantly higher than in normal - weight children .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHEA - S levels were significantly correlated with weight and BMI after adjusting for age .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant positive correlations between DHEA - S and free fatty acids levels were found after adjusting for age and BMI , particularly in boys , but not between DHEA - S levels and insulin or HOMA in either gender .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DHEA - S levels in 12 - 16 - year - old children are correlated with weight and BMI independently of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We failed to find any association between DHEA - S and insulin levels , but we did find a - significant correlation between DHEA - S and free fatty acids levels , suggesting that its association with free fatty acids may be related to the onset of the association of DHEA - S with insulin resi - stance .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 153]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 216]}, {"entity": "DHEA - S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dammarane - type saponins from heat - processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum show fortified activity against A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dammarane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An ethanol extract from heat - processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum showed more potent cytotoxic activity against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells than that of raw G . pentaphyllum .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four constituents were isolated from heat - processed G . pentaphyllum using resin HP - 20 , silica gel and reversed ODS column chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica gel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were identified by mass and NMR spectra as damulin A and damulin B , gypenoside L and gypenoside LI , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "damulin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "damulin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "gypenoside L", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "gypenoside LI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the efficacy of these four constituents , the MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed using A549 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the structure of these four constituents , the results indicate that the hydroxyl group in C - 2 and double bond in C20 ( 21 ) and C20 ( 22 ) positions are of importance in inhibition of A549 cell proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new tirucallane triterpenoids from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tirucallane triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new tirucallane triterpenoids , aquilacallanes A - B ( 1 - 2 ) , together with 15 known compounds ( 3 - 17 ) were isolated from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tirucallane triterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 33]}, {"entity": "aquilacallanes A - B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The known compounds , ursolic acid ( 7 ) and 5 , 7 , 4 ' - trimethoxyflavone ( 14 ) , exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against some cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ursolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "5 , 7 , 4 ' - trimethoxyflavone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free radical reactions in two dimensions : a case study on photochlorination of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene , a two - dimensional giant - molecule of sp ( 2 ) - bonded carbon atoms , provides a perfect platform for studying free radical reaction chemistry in two - dimensions , which holds promise to control the chemical functionality of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free - radical photochlorination of graphene is used as an example to investigate the thickness , stacking order , and single - and double - side dependent reactivity in graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anomalously low reactivity is observed in the photochlorination of AB - stacked bilayer graphene in comparison with that of few - layer graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Double - sided chlorination of graphene shows higher reactivity and chlorine coverage than single - sided reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that chlorine free radicals at low coverage prefer to form a stable charge - transfer complex with graphene , which highly enhances graphene ' s conductivity and simultaneously generates a pseudo - bandgap through noninvasive doping .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the initial accumulation of chlorine radicals is considered as the rate - determining step of photochlorination of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced Replication of R5 HIV - 1 Isolates in vitro by a Small - Molecule Reagent Targeting HIV - 1 Protease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical enhancement : Designed to target HIV - 1 protease , a novel gamma - hydroxyphosphonate has been found to significantly enhance viral replication in a panel of clinically relevant R5 HIV - 1 isolates .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - hydroxyphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unexpected result constitutes the first instance of a small molecule capable of doing this , and it has implications for the preparation and use of R5 isolates in vaccine and drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and evaluation of stable substrate analogs as potential modulators of cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclodiphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable IspF substrate analogs were synthesized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of substrate analogs , the E . coli IspF - MEP complex shows activities distinct from IspF , and bisphosphonates ( BP ) behave differently than their diphosphate ( DP ) counterparts .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "bisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "diphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bisphosphonate analogs activate and / or stabilize IspF , and only the closest structural substrate analog weakly inhibits the IspF - MEP complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "MEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopoletin and Scopolin Isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi Suppress Differentiation of Osteoclastic Macrophage RAW 264 . 7 Cells by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopoletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Scopolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Artemisia iwayomogi has been used as a folk medicine for treating various diseases including inflammatory and immune - related diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopoletin ( 1 ) and scopolin ( 2 ) were isolated from this species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopoletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "scopolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopoletin ( 1 ) showed more potent peroxyl radical - scavenging capacity , reducing capacity , and cellular antioxidant capacity compared to scopolin ( 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopoletin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "scopolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect of 1 on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand - induced osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264 . 7 macrophage cells was also more potent than that of 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of general reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and superoxide anions during differentiation of preosteoclastic RAW 264 . 7 cells into osteoclasts was attenuated by compounds 1 and 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that the suppressive effects of 1 and 2 on the differentiation of preosteoclastic RAW 264 . 7 cells is partially due to their intracellular antioxidant capacity , as they can scavenge ROS and play an important signaling role in the differentiation process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acoustics as a Tool for Better Characterization of Ionic Liquids : A Comparative Study of 1 - Alkyl - 3 - methylimidazolium Bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide Room - Temperature Ionic Liquids .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - Alkyl - 3 - methylimidazolium Bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acoustic properties of three ( 1 - ethyl - , 1 - butyl - , and 1 - octyl - ) 1 - alkyl - 3 - methylimidazolium bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide room - temperature ionic liquids are reported and discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "1 - butyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "1 - octyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "1 - alkyl - 3 - methylimidazolium bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The speeds of sound in RTILs were measured as a function of temperature in the range 288 - 323 K by means of a sing around method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The densities and isobaric heat capacities were determined from 288 . 15 to 363 . 15 K and from 293 . 15 to 323 . 15 K , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The related properties , like isentropic and isothermal compressibilities , isobaric coefficients of thermal expansion , molar isochoric heat capacities , and internal pressures , were calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that for some ionic liquids , temperature dependence of isobaric coefficients of thermal expansion is small and negative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All investigations were completed by the ultrasound absorption coefficient measurements in 1 - ethyl - and 1 - octyl - 3 - methylimidazolium bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide as a function of frequency from 10 to 300 MHz at temperatures 293 . 15 - 298 . 15 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ethyl - and 1 - octyl - 3 - methylimidazolium bis [ ( trifluoromethyl ) sulfonyl ] imide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultrasound absorption spectra indicate relaxation frequencies in the megahertz range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Adrenal Gland : Report of 2 Cases with Pathogenetic Implications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Ectopic thyroid tissue is usually found anywhere along the embryonic descent pathway of the medial thyroid anlage from the tongue to the trachea ( W o lfler area ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland ( ETTAG ) is not easy to understand on the basis of thyroid embryology ; because it is so rare , the possibility of metastasis should first be considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe 2 cases of ETTAG with pathogenetic implications and review the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient findings : Two cases of ETTAG presented as incidental cystic adrenal masses in adult females , one having a congenital hernia of Morgagni .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ETTAG was histologically indistinguishable from normal orthotopic thyroid tissue , and its follicular nature was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for thyroglobulin , thyroperoxidase , thyroid transcription factor - 1 ( TTF - 1 / Titf - 1 / Nkx2 . 1 ) , cytokeratin ( CK ) AE1 / AE3 , CK 7 , pendrin , human sodium iodide symporter ( hNIS ) , paired box gene 8 ( PAX8 ) and FOXE1 ( TTF - 2 ) , as well as positivity for the messenger RNA of the thyroglobulin gene by in situ hybridization analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [322, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No C cells ( negativity for calcitonin , cromogranin and synaptophysin ) were present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither BRAF nor KRAS mutations were detected with real - time polymerase chain reaction analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further work - up did not show evidence of thyroid malignancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summary : ETTAG is a rare finding , with only 7 cases reported ; women are much more frequently affected than men ( 8 : 1 ) and it usually clinically presents in the fifth decade ( mean age : 54 , range : 38 - 67 ) as a cystic adrenal mass incidentally discovered on abdominal ultrasonography and / or in computed tomography images .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETTAG is composed of normal follicular cells without C cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of some transcription factors ( TTF - 1 , PAX8 and FOXE1 ) involved in development and / or migration of the medial thyroid anlage is preserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coexistence of a congenital hernia of Morgagni in one patient suggests an over - descent of medial thyroid anlage derived cells in its pathogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Although ETTAG pathogenesis remains unknown , the lack of C cells together with the coexistence of a congenital defect of the anterior diaphragm ( hernia of Morgagni ) in one of our patients could suggest an over - descent of medial thyroid anlagen derived cells in the origin of this heterotopia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendrimer Driven Self - Assembly of SPR Active Silver - Gold Nanohybrids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A fourth generation PAMAM dendrimer has been successfully employed for the development of a single step synthesis strategy for self - assembled Ag - Au nanohybrid structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 146]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The surface plasmon resonance properties and the degree of self - assembly of the nanohybrid are strongly correlated with the stoichiometry of the metals which gives rise to enhanced plasmonic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced plasmonic response of the nanohybrids is modeled and is validated experimentally in a model HRP ( horseradish peroxidise ) bioassay carried out on an SPR - based biochip platform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H3O2 Bridging Ligand in a Metal - Organic Framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "H3O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insight into the Aqua - Hydroxo <--> Hydroxyl Equilibrium : A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aqua - Hydroxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A metal - organic framework ( MOF ) bearing the aqua - hydroxo species ( O2H3 ) ( - ) in the framework , as well as the processes that govern the equilibrium aqua - hydroxo ( O2H3 ) ( - ) <--> hydroxyl ( OH ) in Sc - MOFs , are studied experimentally and theoretically .", "entity": [{"entity": "aqua - hydroxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "( O2H3 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "aqua - hydroxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 172]}, {"entity": "( O2H3 ) ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 201]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 206]}, {"entity": "Sc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational studies were employed to determine the relative energies for the two compounds that coexist under certain hydrothermal conditions at pH < 2 . 8 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermodynamically more stable [ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) 2 ( mu - O2H3 ) ( mu - OH ) 2 ( H2O ) 2 ] ( from now on , ( O2H3 ) Sc - MOF ; 3 , 5 - DSB = 3 , 5 - disulfobenzoic acid ) was obtained as a pure and stable phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) 2 ( mu - O2H3 ) ( mu - OH ) 2 ( H2O ) 2 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 97]}, {"entity": "( O2H3 ) Sc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "3 , 5 - DSB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "3 , 5 - disulfobenzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was impossible to isolate [ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) 2 ( mu - OH ) 3 ( H2O ) 4 ] as a pure phase , as it turned out to be the precursor of ( O2H3 ) Sc - MOF .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) 2 ( mu - OH ) 3 ( H2O ) 4 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 78]}, {"entity": "( O2H3 ) Sc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , a third compound that appears at pH between 3 . 5 and 4 , [ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) ( mu - OH ) 6 ( H2O ) ] and a fourth , [ Sc ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) ( Phen ) ( H2O ) ] ( H2O ) , in whose formula neither OH groups nor H3O2 ( - ) anions appear , are reported for comparative purposes .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ Sc3 ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) ( mu - OH ) 6 ( H2O ) ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 118]}, {"entity": "[ Sc ( 3 , 5 - DSB ) ( Phen ) ( H2O ) ] ( H2O )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 181]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 211]}, {"entity": "H3O2 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study of the ( O2H3 ) Sc - MOF electronic structure , and some heterogeneous catalytic tests in cyanosilylation of aldehydes reactions , are also reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "( O2H3 ) Sc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of benzofurano [ 3 , 2 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 - ones , a new series of HIV - 1 nucleotide - competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzofurano [ 3 , 2 - d ] pyrimidin - 2 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 64]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening of our sample collection led to the identification of a set of benzofurano [ 3 , 2 - d ] pyrimidine - 2 - one hits acting as nucleotide - competing HIV - 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitiors ( NcRTI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzofurano [ 3 , 2 - d ] pyrimidine - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 119]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant improvement in antiviral potency was achieved when substituents were introduced at positions N1 , C4 , C7 and C8 on the benzofuranopyrimidone scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzofuranopyrimidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series was optimized from low micromolar enzymatic activity against HIV - 1 RT and no antiviral activity to low nanomolar antiviral potency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further profiling of inhibitor 30 showed promising overall in vitro properties and also demonstrated that its potency was maintained against viruses resistant to the other major classes of HIV - 1 RT inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is there a link between neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio and microvascular complications in geriatric diabetic patients ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Chronic inflammation plays an important role on development and progression of type 2 diabetes through immunologic inflammatory mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ( NLR ) is a new , simple and cheap marker of subclinical inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NLR has recently been used as a systemic inflammation marker in chronic diseases as well as a predictor of prognosis in cardiovascular diseases and malignancies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim : The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between NLR and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus in elderly population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects and methods : Two hundred and forty - two patients with DM ( 145 diabetic patients with complications , 97 diabetic patients without complications ) and 218 control subjects were enrolled in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NLR and microvascular complications because of diabetes mellitus were evaluated and compared with other inflammatory markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : NLR was higher in the diabetic group ( 2 . 21 +/- 1 . 14 ) than in the controls ( 2 . 18 +/- 0 . 76 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , there was a statistically significant difference between NLR levels in diabetic patients with and without complications ( 2 . 46 +/- 1 . 26 vs . 2 . 04 +/- 0 . 51 , respectively ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis depicted that NLR is also an independent predictor for microvascular complications ( OR = 2 . 217 ; 95 % = 1 . 086 - 4 . 526 , P = 0 . 029 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROC curve analysis suggested that the optimum NLR cut - off point for microvascular complication was 2 . 89 with 96 . 72 % specificity , 94 . 4 % positive predictive value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Increased NLR levels may be associated with microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High density lipoprotein as a source of cholesterol for adrenal steroidogenesis : a study in individuals with low plasma HDL - C .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few studies have addressed the delivery of lipoprotein - derived cholesterol to the adrenals for steroid production in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there is evidence against a role for low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , it is unresolved whether high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) contributes to adrenal steroidogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study this , steroid hormone profiles in urine were assessed in male subjects suffering from functional mutations in ATP binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1 ) ( n = 24 ) , lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase ( LCAT ) ( n = 40 ) , as well as in 11 subjects with low HDL cholesterol ( HDL - C ) without ABCA1 / LCAT mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 201]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HDL - C levels were 39 % lower in the ABCA1 , LCAT , and low HDL - C groups compared with controls ( all P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all groups with low HDL - C levels , urinary excretion of 17 - ketogenic steroids was reduced by 33 % , 27 % , and 32 % compared with controls ( all P < 0 . 04 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 - ketogenic steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In seven carriers of either type of mutation , adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) stimulation did not reveal differences from normolipidemic controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study shows that basal but not stimulated corticosteroid metabolism is attenuated in subjects with low HDL - C , irrespective of its molecular origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings lend support to a role for HDL as a cholesterol donor for basal adrenal steroidogenesis in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Redox - and pH - Responsive Cysteamine - Modified Poly ( aspartic acid ) Showing a Reversible Sol - Gel Transition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cysteamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "Poly ( aspartic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and characterization of a pH - and redox - sensitive hydrogel of poly ( aspartic acid ) are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( aspartic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible gelation and dissolution are achieved both in dimethylformamide and in aqueous medium via a thiol - disulphide interconversion in the side chain of the polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethylformamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "thiol - disulphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural changes are confirmed by Raman microscopy and rheological measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injectable aqueous solutions of thiolated poly ( aspartic acid ) can be converted into mechanically stable gels by oxidation , which can be useful for drug encapsulation and targeted delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiolated poly ( aspartic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction - facilitated release of an entrapped drug from disulphide cross - linked hydrogels is studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diarylheptanoids from Alnus glutinosa Bark and Their Chemoprotective Effect on Human Lymphocytes DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study of secondary metabolites from the bark of Alnus glutinosa led to the isolation of fourteen diarylheptanoids : oregonin ( 1 ) , platyphylloside ( 2 ) , rubranoside A ( 3 ) , rubranoside B ( 4 ) , hirsutanonol ( 5 ) , hirsutenone ( 6 ) , hirsutanonol - 5 - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside ( 7 ) , platyphyllonol - 5 - O - beta - D - xylopyranoside ( 8 ) , aceroside VII ( 9 ) , alnuside A ( 10 ) , alnuside B ( 11 ) , 1 , 7 - bis - ( 3 , 4 - dihydoxyphenyl ) - 5 - hydroxy - heptane - 3 - O - beta - D - xylopyranoside ( 12 ) , ( 5S ) - 1 - ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 7 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 5 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - heptan - 3 - one ( 13 ) , and ( 5S ) - 1 , 7 - bis - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 5 - O - beta - D - [ 6 - ( 3 , 4 - dimethoxycinnamoylglucopyranosyl ) ] - heptan - 3 - one ( 14 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "oregonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "platyphylloside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 150]}, {"entity": "rubranoside A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "rubranoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 194]}, {"entity": "hirsutanonol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 215]}, {"entity": "hirsutenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 235]}, {"entity": "hirsutanonol - 5 - O - beta - D - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 293]}, {"entity": "platyphyllonol - 5 - O - beta - D - xylopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 352]}, {"entity": "aceroside VII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 374]}, {"entity": "alnuside A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [383, 393]}, {"entity": "alnuside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [403, 413]}, {"entity": "1 , 7 - bis - ( 3 , 4 - dihydoxyphenyl ) - 5 - hydroxy - heptane - 3 - O - beta - D - xylopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [423, 523]}, {"entity": "( 5S ) - 1 - ( 4 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 7 - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 5 - O - beta - D - glucopyranosyl - heptan - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [533, 656]}, {"entity": "( 5S ) - 1 , 7 - bis - ( 3 , 4 - dihydroxyphenyl ) - 5 - O - beta - D - [ 6 - ( 3 , 4 - dimethoxycinnamoylglucopyranosyl ) ] - heptan - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [670, 813]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the diarylheptanoids , except 1 and 5 , were found in A . glutinosa for the first time , while 13 and 14 were new compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques : 1D and 2D NMR , HR - ESI - MS , FTIR , UV , and CD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All isolated compounds were analyzed for an in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes using the cytokinesis - block micronucleus assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of them , including the new compounds 13 and 14 , exerted a pronounced effect in decreasing DNA damage in human lymphocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diarylheptanoids 1 , 2 , 5 , 13 , and 14 at a concentration of 1 micro g / mL decreased the frequency of micronuclei by 52 . 8 % , 43 . 8 % , 63 . 6 % , 44 . 4 % , and 56 . 0 % , respectively , exerting a much stronger effect than the synthetic protector amifostine ( 17 . 2 % , c = 1 micro g / mL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diarylheptanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "amifostine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edge - to - Edge Assembled Graphene Oxide Aerogels with Outstanding Mechanical Performance and Superhigh Chemical Activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aerogels , an extremely important aggregation state of various self - assembled nanoscale building blocks , have great potential in fields ranging from energy storage to thermal insulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the porosity of aerogels makes them mechanically weak in most cases , and the chemical activity of the resulting aerogel needs consideration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , chemically crosslinked graphene oxide ( GO ) 3D aerogels with large specific surface areas ( up to 850 m ( 2 ) g ( - 1 ) ) , outstanding mechanical performance ( up to 20 MPa Young ' s modulus , 1 MPa yield strength and 45 J g ( - 1 ) specific energy adsorption ) , and superhigh chemical activity ( toward some reducing gases such as H2 S , HI , and SO2 ) , are fabricated by assembling 2D GO sheets edge - to - edge into uniform , 3D hydrogel networks with subsequent supercritical fluid drying .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "H2 S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 348]}, {"entity": "HI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [351, 353]}, {"entity": "SO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aerogels are superior to other 3D frameworks ( e . g . graphene aerogels ) assembled via partial overlapping of the basal planes of the 2D building blocks .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mastoid Obliteration Using Three - Dimensional Composite Scaffolds Consisting of Polycaprolactone / beta - Tricalcium Phosphate / Collagen Nanofibers : An In Vitro and In Vivo Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polycaprolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 97]}, {"entity": "beta - Tricalcium Phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different composite scaffolds , solid - freeform - fabricated PCL / beta - TCP supplemented with and without collagen nanofibers are fabricated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These scaffolds are evaluated whether a combination of collagen nanofibers with PCL / beta - TCP can promote osteogenesis in a mastoid obliteration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the effects of the cellular activities of osteoblast - like - cells ( MG63 ) , SEM images and MTT assays are conducted .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental mastoid obliteration is performed using guinea pigs that are divided group A ( PCL / beta - TCP / collagen - nanofiber scaffold ) and group B ( PCL / beta - TCP scaffold ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results reveal that PCL / beta - TCP / collagen scaffold provide much broader cell attachment sites than PCL / beta - TCP scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The micro - CT and fluorescent microscopy results reveal that the acceleration of early new bone formation within the pores and scaffold itself at week 4 post - operation is more effective in group A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , based on the results of the histological and micro - CT at 12 weeks post - surgery , the effective regeneration of bone in the PCL / beta - TCP / collagen scaffold is appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "beta - TCP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticonvulsant / antiepileptic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : a patent review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introduction : An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and / or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The International League Against Epilepsy classifies seizures in two broad categories : partial ( localized to one cerebral hemisphere ) and generalized ( localized to both cerebral hemispheres ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One indirect pathway for the treatment of epilepsy includes the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase ( CA ) , thereby increasing CO2 levels in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Areas covered : Carbonic anhydrases ( EC 4 . 2 . 1 . 1 ) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration / dehydration of CO2 / HCO3 ( - ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "HCO3 ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA inhibitors ( CAIs ) such as acetazolamide , methazolamide , topiramate , zonisamide , and sulthiame can reduce seizures through perturbation of the CO2 equilibrium and / or the inhibition of ion channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetazolamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "methazolamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "topiramate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "zonisamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "sulthiame", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on the mechanism of epilepsy , CA catalysis , and recent developments in the treatment of epilepsy using CAIs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expert opinion : Based on the observed active - site binding interactions of CAIs in crystal structures and their respective inhibition constants , structure - activity relationships can be mapped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various CAIs along with novel techniques to administer them have been patented in the last four years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , epilepsy continues to be a path less traveled when it comes to CAIs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major area of research must focus toward the design of isoform - specific inhibitors using analogs of existing CAIs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin - kynurenine hypothesis of depression : historical overview and recent developments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "kynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mini - review focuses on the studies of late Prof .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IP Lapin ( 1903 - 2012 ) and his research team on the role of methoxyindole and kynurenine ( KYN ) pathways of tryptophan ( TRP ) metabolism in the pathogenesis of depression and action mechanisms of antidepressant effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "methoxyindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "kynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "KYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "TRP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the late 60s of the last century Prof .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IP Lapin suggested that \" intensification of central serotoninergic processes is a determinant of the thymoleptic ( mood elevating ) component \" while \" activation of noradrenergic processes is responsible for psychoenergetic and motor - stimulating component of the clinical antidepressant effect \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cause of serotonin deficiency in depression was attributed to the shunt of TRP \" metabolism away from serotonin production towards KYN production \" due to cortisol - induced activation of liver enzyme , tryptophan 2 , 3 - dioxygenase , the rate - limiting enzyme of TRP - KYN pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "TRP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}, {"entity": "KYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}, {"entity": "TRP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 273]}, {"entity": "KYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prof .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lapin suggested and discovered that KYN and its metabolites affect brain functions , and proposed the role of neurokynurenines in pathogenesis of depression and action mechanisms of antidepressant effect ( kynurenine hypothesis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "KYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "kynurenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research suggested the antidepressant and cognition - enhancing effects of post - serotonin metabolite , N - acetylserotonin ( NAS ) , an agonist to tyrosine kinase B ( TrkB ) receptor ; and link between depression and chronic inflammation - associated disorders ( e . g . , insulin resistance , hepatitis C virus ) via inflammation - induced activation of indoleamine 2 , 3 - dioxygenase , brain located rate - limiting enzyme of TRY - KYN metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "N - acetylserotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 132]}, {"entity": "NAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "indoleamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [365, 376]}, {"entity": "TRY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [439, 442]}, {"entity": "KYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [445, 448]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAS and kynurenines might be the targets for prevention and treatment of depression and associated conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "kynurenines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ( IGFBP - 2 ) Promotes Growth and Survival of Breast Epithelial Cells : Novel Regulation of the Estrogen Receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In breast tumors IGF binding protein - 2 ( IGFBP - 2 ) is elevated , and the presence of IGFBP - 2 has been shown to correlate with malignancy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , how IGFBP - 2 contributes to the malignant state is still unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing IGFBP - 2 blocked cell proliferation and in MCF - 7 cells increased cell death , indicating that IGFBP - 2 was acting in both a mitogenic and a survival capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous IGFBP - 2 acting via integrin receptors to reduce phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 ( PTEN ) levels protected these cells against death induced by various chemotherapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was dependent on a functional estrogen receptor ( ER ) - alpha because silencing ER - alpha blocked the ability of IGFBP - 2 to confer cell survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of IGFBP - 2 increased levels of PTEN and improved chemosensitivity of the cells , confirming its role as a survival factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing IGFBP - 2 had no effect on the response to IGF - II , but responses to estrogen and tamoxifen were no longer observed due to loss of ER - alpha , which could be prevented by the inhibition of PTEN .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "tamoxifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , exogenous IGFBP - 2 increased ER - alpha mRNA and protein in both normal and cancer cells via its interaction with integrin receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These actions of IGFBP - 2 on ER - alpha involved the IGF - I receptor and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase in the cancer cells but were independent of this in normal breast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of IGFBP - 2 by breast cancer cells enhances their proliferative potential , increases their survival , and protects them against chemotherapy - induced death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGFBP - 2 not only modulates IGFs and directly regulates PTEN but also has a role in maintaining ER - alpha expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of serotonin mechanism in methamphetamine - induced chronic pulmonary toxicity in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The widest distribution and the highest uptake of methamphetamine ( MA ) in the human body occurred in the lungs , so that more and more attention should be paid to MA - induced pulmonary toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA induces the release of serotonin , which is an important mediator in pulmonary disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study is to investigate the chronic response of the lung to MA and its potential mechanism in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models of the chronic toxicity of MA were established with MA of 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg ( intraperitoneally , twice per day ) for 5 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that the high dose of MA induced rat pulmonary toxicity : crowded lung parenchyma , thickened septum , reduced number of alveolar sacs , inflammatory cell infiltration , and pulmonary arteriolar remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , MA resulted in a significant increase in the lung serotonin concentration and the marked upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 , vesicular monoamine transporter 2 , serotonin transporter , and downregulation of monoamine oxidase - A .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that MA induced chronic pulmonary toxicity , which is concerned with the elevated serotonin concentration in rat lungs by increased synthesis , reduced metabolism , augmented accumulation , and promoted release of serotonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transforming growth factor beta 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 as prognostic markers of diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to find the relationship between serum transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF - beta 1 ) and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 ( MCP - 1 ) throughout the course of diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) and to assess the relationship between both levels and other parameters of renal injury such as albumin / creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum TGF - beta 1 , urinary MCP - 1 , eGFR , and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) were measured in 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus with different degrees of nephropathy ( 20 patients with normoalbuminuria , 20 patients with microalbuminuria , and 20 patients with macroalbuminuria ) and compared with 20 matched healthy control subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the levels of serum TGF - beta 1 and urinary MCP - 1 were significantly higher in patients with micro - and macroalbuminuria ( 137 . 8 +/- 69 . 5 and 329 . 25 +/- 41 . 46 ng / dl , respectively , for TGF - beta 1 and 167 . 41 +/- 50 . 23 and 630 . 87 +/- 318 . 10 ng / g creatinine , respectively , for MCP - 1 ) compared with normoalbuminuric patients and healthy controls ( 33 . 25 +/- 17 . 5 and 29 . 64 +/- 10 . 57 ng / dl , respectively , for TGF - beta 1 and 63 . 85 +/- 21 . 15 and 61 . 50 +/- 24 . 81 ng / g creatinine , respectively , for MCP - 1 ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 286]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [521, 531]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a positive significant correlation between the levels of serum TGF - beta 1 and those of urinary MCP - 1 ( r = 0 . 73 , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , serum TGF - beta 1 and urinary MCP - 1 correlated positively with HbA1c ( r = 0 . 49 and 0 . 55 , respectively , p < 0 . 05 for both ) and inversely with eGFR ( r = - 0 . 69 and - 0 . 60 , respectively , p < 0 . 001 for both ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We can conclude that serum TGF - beta 1 and urinary MCP - 1 can be used as the markers for detection of progression of DN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antagonizing TGF - beta 1 and MCP - 1 might be helpful in attenuating the progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy of D - penicillamine , a sequestering acetaldehyde agent , in the prevention of alcohol relapse - like drinking in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Nowadays , very few approved anti - relapse treatments for alcoholism exist , and their overall efficacy can be considered moderate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An exciting rationale drug development opportunity for the treatment of chronic alcoholism is the use of acetaldehyde sequestering agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although these compounds are able to attenuate or prevent most of the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol , the efficacy of acetaldehyde sequestration , by using agents such as D - penicillamine ( DP ) , in relapse prevention has not been studied yet .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "D - penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of DP treatment on the alcohol deprivation effect ( ADE ) in long - term ethanol - experienced rats as a model of relapse behavior and measure drug plasma and brain levels during treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Rats were subcutaneously implanted with mini - osmotic pumps delivering 0 , 0 . 25 , or 1 mg / h of DP during 1 week .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficacy to prevent ADE was determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DP plasma and brain levels achieved during its subcutaneous administration were measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second experiment , animals received bilateral infusions of 0 or 1 . 5 mu g / h of DP directly into pVTA , and the appearance of ADE was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : One milligram per hour , but not 0 . 25 mg / h , DP infusion prevented ADE and reduced the total ethanol preference in animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DP plasma concentrations associated with ADE suppression were around 3 - 4 mu g / ml , and brain DP levels in these conditions were about 2 - 3 % of those found in plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intra - pVTA DP administration also suppressed ADE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : DP is able to prevent alcohol - relapse - like drinking in rats suggesting that this drug may be a useful new tool in the management of relapse in alcohol - dependent patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sublethal silver and NaCl toxicity in Daphnia magna : a comparative study of standardized chronic endpoints and progeny phototaxis .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral bioassays with the model freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna have the potential to serve as nontraditional but sensitive endpoints of sublethal stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , few studies have examined the comparative sensitivity of neonate phototaxis perturbations to standardized endpoints commonly employed in chronic toxicity testing protocols .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even less understood are the consequences of prenatal exposure on neonate phototactic behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we tested the hypothesis that D . magna neonate phototaxis is a more sensitive endpoint over a chronic study period than mortality and reproduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D . magna 21 day studies were conducted with model stressors of sodium chloride and dissolved silver .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phototaxis assays of progeny response to relative light changes in small water columns were conducted for each brood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant differences in neonate phototactic behavior were observed among treatment level broods , suggesting that maternal exposure to sublethal levels of NaCl and Ag + impacted offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "Ag +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , progeny phototactic response was significantly affected at or below 21 - day LOEC thresholds for fecundity in broods 2 , 3 , 5 and 6 of the NaCl experiment and in broods 2 , 4 , 5 and 6 of the dissolved Ag + study .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 154]}, {"entity": "Ag +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because neonate phototaxis was generally more sensitive than standardized fecundity thresholds , we suggest employing neonate phototaxis as an ecologically important endpoint in future ecological risk assessments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parathyroid Hormone ( PTH ) and PTH - Related Peptide Domains Contributing to Activation of Different PTH Receptor - Mediated Signaling Pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) and parathyroid hormone related peptide ( PTHrP ) , acting through the osteoblast PTH1R , play important roles in bone remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intermittent administration of PTH ( 1 - 34 ) ( teriparatide ) leads to bone formation while continuous administration paradoxically leads to bone resorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of PTH1R promotes regulation of multiple signaling pathways , including Gs / cAMP / PKA , Gq / calcium / PKC , beta - arrestin recruitment and ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation as well as receptor internalization but their role in promoting anabolic and catabolic actions of PTH ( 1 - 34 ) are unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present investigation , a collection of PTH ( 1 - 34 ) and PTHrP ( 1 - 34 ) peptide analogs were evaluated in orthogonal hPTH1R functional assays capturing Gs - and Gq - signaling , beta - arrestin recruitment , ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation and receptor internalization to further define patterns of of PTH1R signaling they stimulate and to further establish peptide domains contributing to agonist activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that both N - and C - terminal domains are critical for activation of signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 28]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , modifications of both regions leads to more substantial decreases in agonist potency and efficacy to stimulate Gq - signaling , beta - arrestin recruitment , ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation and receptor internalization than to stimulate Gs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substantial contribution of the peptide C - terminal domain in activation of hPTH1R - signaling suggests a role in positioning of the peptide N - terminal region into the receptor J - domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 45]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several PTH and PTHrP peptide analogs evaluated in this study promote different patterns of biased agonist signaling and may serve as useful tools to further elucidate therapeutically relevant PTH1R signaling in osteoblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a better understanding of therapeutically relevant signaling , novel biased peptides with desired signaling could be designed for safer and more effective treatment of osteoporosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituted 7 - Amino - 5 - thio - thiazolo [ 4 , 5 - d ] pyrimidines as Potent and Selective Antagonists of the Fractalkine Receptor ( CX3CR1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - Amino - 5 - thio - thiazolo [ 4 , 5 - d ] pyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have developed two parallel series , A and B , of CX3CR1 antagonists for the treatment of multiple sclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By modifying the substituents on the 7 - amino - 5 - thio - thiazolo [ 4 , 5 - d ] pyrimidine core structure , we were able to achieve compounds with high selectivity for CX3CR1 over the closely related CXCR2 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - amino - 5 - thio - thiazolo [ 4 , 5 - d ] pyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure - activity relationships showed that a leucinol moiety attached to the core - structure in the 7 - position together with alpha - methyl branched benzyl derivatives in the 5 - position displayed promising affinity , and selectivity as well as physicochemical properties , as exemplified by compounds 18a and 24h .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "alpha - methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "benzyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show the preparation of the first potent and selective orally available CX3CR1 antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic Agents Triggering Nonapoptotic Cancer Cell Death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widely recognized that the evasion of apoptotic cell death is one of the hallmarks of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For many years cytotoxic agents have been developed to target apoptotic cell death as a main method of treating cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the occurrence of cellular defects involving the apoptotic machinery in many cancers has resulted in an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death , undermining the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the past decade , research has revealed a growing number of cell death pathways that are not dependent on apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , compounds specifically triggering these alternative cell death pathways have been identified and explored as novel cancer treatment options .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These novel anticancer agents are critically discussed by the authors , and therefore , the current Perspective represents a resource for a practicing medicinal chemist looking for new opportunities to combat cancers resistant to the established proapoptotic therapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constraint Network Analysis ( CNA ) : A Python Software Package for Efficiently Linking Biomacromolecular Structure , Flexibility , ( Thermo - ) Stability , and Function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For deriving maximal advantage from information on biomacromolecular flexibility and rigidity , results from rigidity analyses must be linked to biologically relevant characteristics of a structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the Python - based software package Constraint Network Analysis ( CNA ) developed for this task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA functions as a front - and backend to the graph - based rigidity analysis software FIRST .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA goes beyond the mere identification of flexible and rigid regions in a biomacromolecule in that it ( I ) provides a refined modeling of thermal unfolding simulations that also considers the temperature - dependence of hydrophobic tethers , ( II ) allows performing rigidity analyses on ensembles of network topologies , either generated from structural ensembles or by using the concept of fuzzy noncovalent constraints , and ( III ) computes a set of global and local indices for quantifying biomacromolecular stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads to more robust results from rigidity analyses and extends the application domain of rigidity analyses in that phase transition points ( \" melting points \" ) and unfolding nuclei ( \" structural weak spots \" ) are determined automatically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , CNA robustly handles small - molecule ligands in general .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such advancements are important for applying rigidity analysis to data - driven protein engineering and for estimating the influence of ligand molecules on biomacromolecular stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA maintains the efficiency of FIRST such that the analysis of a single protein structure takes a few seconds for systems of several hundred residues on a single core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These features make CNA an interesting tool for linking biomacromolecular structure , flexibility , ( thermo - ) stability , and function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA is available from http : / / cpclab . uni - duesseldorf . de / software for nonprofit organizations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel Plasmodium falciparum Maurer ' s clefts protein families implicated in the release of infectious merozoites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathogenicity of the most deadly human malaria parasite , Plasmodium falciparum , relies on the export of virulence factors to the surface of infected erythrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel membrane compartment , referred to as Maurer ' s clefts , is transposed to the host erythrocyte , acting as a marshal platform in the red blood cell cytoplasm , for exported parasite proteins addressed to the host cell plasma membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the characterization of three new P . falciparum multigene families organized in 9 highly conserved clusters with the Pfmc - 2tm genes in the subtelomeric regions of parasite ' s chromosomes and expressed at early trophozoite stages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like the PfMC - 2TM proteins , the PfEPF1 , 3 and 4 proteins encoded by these families are exported to the Maurer ' s clefts , as peripheral or integral proteins of the Maurer ' s cleft membrane and largely exposed to the red cell cytosolic face of this membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A promoter titration approach was used to question the biological roles of these P . falciparum - specific exported proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using the Pfepf1 family promoter , we observed the specific downregulation of all four families , correlating with the inefficient release of merozoites while the parasite intra - erythrocytic maturation and Maurer ' s clefts morphology were not impacted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Quantum Confined States in a Single CdSe Nanowire .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measure for the first time transient absorption spectra of individual CdSe nanowires with about 10 nm diameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confinement of the carrier wave functions leads to discrete states which can be described by a six - band effective mass model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combining transient absorption and luminescence spectroscopy allows us to track the excitation dynamics in the visible and near - infrared spectral range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 10 % of all absorbed photons lead to an excitation of the lowest energy state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these excitations , less than 1 % lead to a photon in the optical far - field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Almost all emission is reabsorbed by other parts of the nanowire .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings might explain the low overall quantum efficiency of CdSe nanowires .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 4 , 2 - Benzo / pyridodithiazine 1 , 1 - Dioxides Structurally Related to the ATP - Sensitive Potassium Channel Openers 1 , 2 , 4 - Benzo / pyridothiadiazine 1 , 1 - Dioxides Exert a Myorelaxant Activity Linked to a Distinct Mechanism of Action .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 , 2 - Benzo / pyridodithiazine 1 , 1 - Dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 53]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - Benzo / pyridothiadiazine 1 , 1 - Dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of diversely substituted 3 - alkyl / aralkyl / arylamino - 1 , 4 , 2 - benzodithiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides and 3 - alkylaminopyrido [ 4 , 3 - e ] - 1 , 4 , 2 - dithiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - alkyl / aralkyl / arylamino - 1 , 4 , 2 - benzodithiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 117]}, {"entity": "3 - alkylaminopyrido [ 4 , 3 - e ] - 1 , 4 , 2 - dithiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their biological activities on pancreatic beta - cells and on smooth muscle cells were compared to those of the reference ATP - sensitive potassium channel ( KATP channel ) openers diazoxide and 7 - chloro - 3 - isopropylamino - 4H - 1 , 2 , 4 - benzothiadiazine 1 , 1 - dioxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "diazoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 190]}, {"entity": "7 - chloro - 3 - isopropylamino - 4H - 1 , 2 , 4 - benzothiadiazine 1 , 1 - dioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim was to assess the impact on biological activities of the replacement of the 1 , 2 , 4 - thiadiazine ring by an isosteric 1 , 4 , 2 - dithiazine ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 , 4 - thiadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 107]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 , 2 - dithiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the dithiazine analogues were found to be inactive on the pancreatic tissue , although some compounds bearing a 1 - phenylethylamino side chain at the 3 - position exerted a marked myorelaxant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dithiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "1 - phenylethylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such an effect did not appear to be related to the opening of KATP channels but rather reflected a mechanism of action similar to that of calcium channel blockers .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tightly related 3 - ( 1 - phenylethyl ) sulfanyl - 4H - 1 , 2 , 4 - benzothiadiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides were also found to exert a pronounced myorelaxant activity , resulting from both a KATP channel activation and a calcium channel blocker mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - ( 1 - phenylethyl ) sulfanyl - 4H - 1 , 2 , 4 - benzothiadiazine 1 , 1 - dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 101]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work highlights the critical importance of an intracyclic NH group at the 4 - position , as well as an exocyclic NH group linked to the 3 - position of the benzo - and pyridothiadiazine dioxides , for activity on KATP channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "NH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "NH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "benzo - and pyridothiadiazine dioxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes as potent antileishmanial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An efficient protocol for synthesis of 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes using recyclable Fe - pillared interlayered clay ( Fe - PILC ) catalyst under aqueous medium has been developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 66]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All synthesized 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes showed promising antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes as well as axenic amastigotes .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - activity relationship analysis revealed that nitroaryl substituted diindolylmethanes showed potent antileishmanial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroaryl substituted diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 4 - nitrophenyl linked 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane 8g was found to be the most potent antileishmanial analog showing IC50 values of 7 . 88 and 8 . 37 mu M against both L . donovani promastigotes and amastigotes , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - nitrophenyl linked 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , a pharmacophore based QSAR model was established to understand the crucial molecular features of 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes essential for potent antileishmanial activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds also exhibited promising antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans , wherein fluorophenyl substituted 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes were found to be most potent antifungal agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorophenyl substituted 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developed synthetic protocol will be useful for economical and eco - friendly synthesis of potent antileishmanial and antifungal 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane class of compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and selected immunological properties of substituted quino [ 3 , 2 - b ] benzo [ 1 , 4 ] thiazines .", "entity": [{"entity": "quino [ 3 , 2 - b ] benzo [ 1 , 4 ] thiazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new type of azaphenothiazines - tetracyclic quino [ 3 , 2 - b ] benzo [ 1 , 4 ] thiazines , possessing common substituents ( H , CH3 , Cl , Br , F , CF3 , SCH3 ) in positions 8 - 10 and pharmacophoric aminoalkyl substituents in position 6 , were obtained from diquinodithiin and 2 , 2 ' - dichloro - 3 , 3 ' - diquinolinyl disulfide in several - step syntheses .", "entity": [{"entity": "azaphenothiazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "tetracyclic quino [ 3 , 2 - b ] benzo [ 1 , 4 ] thiazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 91]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 128]}, {"entity": "CH3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 148]}, {"entity": "CF3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}, {"entity": "SCH3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "aminoalkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 213]}, {"entity": "diquinodithiin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 276]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - dichloro - 3 , 3 ' - diquinolinyl disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty one compounds , grouped as the 6H , 6 - dialkylaminoalkyl , 6 - acylaminoalkyl and sulfonylaminoalkyl derivatives , were tested for cytotoxicity , their effects on phytohemagglutin A ( PHA ) - induced proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF - alpha ) production by these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - dialkylaminoalkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "6 - acylaminoalkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "sulfonylaminoalkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds exhibited differential inhibitory activities in these tests and significantly varied in terms of cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most promising compounds were tested for growth inhibition of leukemia L - 1210 cells , colon cancer SV - 948 cells and epidermal carcinoma A - 341 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active compounds exhibited anticancer activity against these cell lines comparable to that of cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure - activity relationship of the compounds were discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fisetin regulates obesity by targeting mTORC1 signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fisetin , a flavonol present in vegetables and fruits , possesses antioxidative and anti - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "flavonol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have demonstrated that fisetin prevents diet - induced obesity through regulation of the signaling of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 ( mTORC1 ) , a central mediator of cellular growth , cellular proliferation and lipid biosynthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate whether fisetin regulates mTORC1 signaling , we investigated the phosphorylation and kinase activity of the 70 - kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 ( S6K1 ) and mTORC1 in 3T3 - L1 preadipocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fisetin treatment of preadipocytes reduced the phosphorylation of S6K1 and mTORC1 in a time - and concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further our understanding of how fisetin negatively regulates mTORC1 signaling , we analyzed the phosphorylation of S6K1 , mTOR and Akt in fisetin - treated TSC2 - knockdown cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggested that fisetin treatment inhibits mTORC1 activity in an Akt - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have shown that adipocyte differentiation is dependent on mTORC1 activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fisetin treatment inhibited adipocyte differentiation , consistent with the negative effect of fisetin on mTOR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect of fisetin on adipogenesis is dependent of mTOR activity , suggesting that fisetin inhibits adipogenesis and the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides during adipocyte differentiation by targeting mTORC1 signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fisetin supplementation in mice fed a high - fat diet ( HFD ) significantly attenuated HFD - induced increases in body weight and white adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also observed that fisetin efficiently suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt , S6K1 and mTORC1 in adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these results suggest that inhibition of mTORC1 signaling by fisetin prevents adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 - L1 preadipocytes and obesity in HFD - fed mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , fisetin may be a useful phytochemical agent for attenuating diet - induced obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural elucidation of possible lutein oxidation products mediated through peroxyl radical inducer 2 , 2 ' - Azobis ( 2 - methylpropionamidine ) dihydrochloride : Antioxidant and cytotoxic influence of oxidized lutein in HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - Azobis ( 2 - methylpropionamidine ) dihydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 163]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim of this study was to elucidate lutein oxidation products mediated through peroxyl radical inducer 2 , 2 ' - Azobis ( 2 - methylpropionamidine ) dihydrochloride ( AAPH ) and to study antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of oxidized lutein using liposome and HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' - Azobis ( 2 - methylpropionamidine ) dihydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 163]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "oxidized lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lutein ( 20 mu mol ) with AAPH ( 5mM ) in liposome ' s was incubated at 37 degrees C in dark for 3h , oxidized lutein products were characterized by LC - MS ( APCI ( + ) ) and studied for their free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxic effects in terms of cell viability , cellular glutathione , and malondialdehyde levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "oxidized lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 298]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AAPH mediated lutein fragmented ions were identified as 551 ( M ( + ) + H ( + ) - H2O ) , 391 ( M ( + ) + H ( + ) + O2 - C22H32O ) and 276 ( M ( + ) + H ( + ) + O2 - C12H20O ) and its isomers as 13 - Z lutein , 13 - Z zeaxanthin , 13 ' - Z zeaxanthin and all - E zeaxanthin .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "H2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "O2 - C22H32O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "O2 - C12H20O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 173]}, {"entity": "13 - Z lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 208]}, {"entity": "13 - Z zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 228]}, {"entity": "13 ' - Z zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 250]}, {"entity": "all - E zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free radical scavenging activity of oxidized lutein was higher by 32 . 7 % ( IC50 , 2 . 64 mu g ) than lutein ( IC50 , 5 . 28 mu g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidized lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidized lutein lowered the lipid peroxidation ( 21 % ) , HeLa cells viability ( 22 % ) and glutathione levels ( 32 % ) than lutein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxidized lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To conclude , the oxidized lutein may be highly reactive , since oxidation by AAPH results in peroxyl radical ions , which can react with conjugated polyene chain of lutein that could lead to higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidized lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "AAPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "peroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "polyene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tricyclic thiazoles are a new class of angiogenesis inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tricyclic thiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tricyclic thiazoleamine derivatives that were identified as hits in a screen against human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation were subjected to a structure - activity relationship study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tricyclic thiazoleamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two structurally superimposable scaffolds - 4H - thiochromeno [ 4 , 3 - d ] thiazol - 2 - amine and 5 , 6 - dihydro - 4H - benzo [ 6 , 7 ] cyclohepta [ 1 , 2 - d ] thiazol - 2 - amine derivatives - yielded low - micromolar inhibitors , and two among them 37 and 43 also exhibited antiangiogenic activity in an endothelial tube formation assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "4H - thiochromeno [ 4 , 3 - d ] thiazol - 2 - amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 95]}, {"entity": "5 , 6 - dihydro - 4H - benzo [ 6 , 7 ] cyclohepta [ 1 , 2 - d ] thiazol - 2 - amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , 37 and 43 can serve as leads to develop a novel class of antiangiogenic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective effect of sulforaphane in 6 - hydroxydopamine - lesioned mouse model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "6 - hydroxydopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons , which leads to disabling motor disturbances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulforaphane ( SFN ) , found in cruciferous vegetables , is a potent indirect antioxidant and recent advances have shown its neuroprotective activity in various experimental models of neurodegeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to examine the effects of SFN on behavioral changes and dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice exposed to 6 - hydroxydopamine ( 6 - OHDA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "6 - hydroxydopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 147]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , mice were treated with SFN ( 5mg / kg twice a week ) for four weeks after the unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6 - OHDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in 6 - OHDA - induced rotations and deficits in motor coordination were ameliorated significantly by SFN treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , SFN protected 6 - OHDA - induced apoptosis via blocking DNA fragmentation and caspase - 3 activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were further supported by immunohistochemical findings in the substantia nigra that showed that SFN protected neurons from neurotoxic effects of 6 - OHDA .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuroprotective effect of SFN may be attributed to its ability to enhance glutathione levels and its dependent enzymes ( glutathione - S - transferase and glutathione reductase ) and to modulate neuronal survival pathways , such as ERK1 / 2 , in the brain of mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 140]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that SFN may potentially be effective in slowing down the progression of idiopathic PD by the modulation of oxidative stress and apoptotic machinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative DNA damage corresponds to the long term survival of human cells treated with silver nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the relation between DNA damage and the clonogenic potential of 3 human cell lines , HepG2 , HT29 and A549 , treated with bare 20nm or 200nm silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endpoints examined were the DNA breakage estimated by the comet assay , the oxidative base damage recognized by formamido - pyrimidine glycosylase ( FPG ) and estimated with the FPG + comet assay , and the frequencies of histone gamma H2AX foci and micronuclei .", "entity": [{"entity": "formamido - pyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each cell line studied had a different pattern of DNA breakage and base damage versus the NPs concentration and time of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall pattern of DNA breakage and base damage induction corresponded to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no increase in the frequencies of histone gamma H2AX foci and micronuclei as compared to those in the untreated cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reported experiments suggest that only the oxidative DNA damage corresponds to the loss of the clonogenic ability of cells treated with AgNPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detecting genome - wide gene transcription profiles associated with high pollution burden in the critically endangered European eel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The European eel illustrates an example of a critically endangered fish species strongly affected by human stressors throughout its life cycle , in which pollution is considered to be one of the factors responsible for the decline of the stock .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of our study was to better understand the transcriptional response of European eels chronically exposed to pollutants in their natural environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 42 pre - migrating ( silver ) female eels from lowly , highly and extremely polluted environments in Belgium and , for comparative purposes , a lowly polluted habitat in Italy were measured for polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , organochlorine pesticides ( OCPs ) and brominated flame retardants ( BFRs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 230]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 237]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multipollutant level of bioaccumulation was linked to their genome - wide gene transcription using an eel - specific array of 14 , 913 annotated cDNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Shared responses to pollutant exposure were observed when comparing the highly polluted site in Belgium with the relatively clean sites in Belgium and Italy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , an altered pattern of transcription of genes was associated with detoxification , with a novel European eel CYP3A gene and gluthatione S - transferase transcriptionally up - regulated .", "entity": [{"entity": "gluthatione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , an altered pattern of transcription of genes associated with the oxidative phosphorylation pathway , with the following genes involved in the generation of ATP being transcriptionally down - regulated in individuals from the highly polluted site : NADH dehydrogenase , succinate dehydrogenase , ubiquinol - cytochrome c reductase , cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 261]}, {"entity": "succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 287]}, {"entity": "ubiquinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 313]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [366, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although we did not measure metabolism directly , seeing that the transcription level of many genes encoding enzymes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation were down - regulated in the highly polluted site suggests that pollutants may have a significant effect on energy metabolism in these fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - scale synthesis and in situ functionalization of Zn3P2 and Zn4Sb3 nanowire powders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn3P2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "Zn4Sb3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple method for the large - scale synthesis of gram quantities of compound semiconductor nanowires without the need for any external catalysts or templates is presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method is demonstrated using zinc phosphide ( Zn3P2 ) and zinc antimonide ( beta - Zn4Sb3 ) nanowires as example systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc phosphide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "Zn3P2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "zinc antimonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "Zn4Sb3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - scale synthesis of Zn3P2 and Zn4Sb3 nanowire powders was accomplished using a hot - walled chemical vapor deposition chamber by transporting phosphorus and antimony , respectively , via the vapor phase onto heated zinc foils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn3P2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Zn4Sb3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "antimony", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The zinc foils were rolled concentrically into coils to maximize the substrate surface area , and consequently , the nanowire yield .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this method , 250 mg of Zn3P2 nanowires were obtained on 480 cm ( 2 ) of zinc foil in a span of 45 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn3P2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a process of exposing the synthesized nanowires to a vapor of organic functional molecules immediately after their synthesis and before their removal from the vacuum chamber was developed to obtain large quantities of surface functionalized nanowire powders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This in situ vapor - phase functionalization procedure passivated the nanowire surfaces without adversely affecting their morphology or dimensions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our studies revealed that both 4 - aminothiophenol and 3 - propanedithiol functionalized Zn3P2 nanowires were stable over a 120 day duration without any agglomeration or degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - aminothiophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "3 - propanedithiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 73]}, {"entity": "Zn3P2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method of mass producing nanowires can also be extended to other binary semiconductors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of Survivin influences liver regeneration and is associated with impaired Aurora B function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosomal passenger complex ( CPC ) acts as a key regulator of mitosis , preventing asymmetric segregation of chromosomal material into daughter cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CPC is composed of three non - enzymatic components termed Survivin , the inner centromere protein ( INCENP ) and Borealin , and an enzymatic component , Aurora B kinase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Survivin is necessary for the appropriate separation of sister chromatids during mitosis and is involved in liver regeneration , but its role in regenerative processes is incompletely elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether Survivin , which is classified as an inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( IAP ) based on domain composition , also has a role in apoptosis is controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study examined the in vivo effects of Survivin ablation in the liver and during liver regeneration after 70 % hepatectomy in a hepatocyte - specific knockout mouse model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of Survivin caused a reduction in the number of hepatocytes in the liver , together with an increase in cell volume , macronucleation and polyploidy , but no changes in apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During liver regeneration , mitosis of hepatocytes was associated with mislocalization of the members of the CPC , which were no longer detectable at the centromere despite an unchanged protein amount .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the loss of survivin in regenerating hepatocytes was associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated Histone H3 at serine 28 and abolished phosphorylation of CENP - A and Hec1 at serine 55 , which is a consequence of decreased Aurora B kinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}, {"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that Survivin expression determines hepatocyte number during liver development and liver regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lack of Survivin causes mislocalization of the CPC members in combination with reduced Aurora B activity , leading to impaired phosphorylation of its centromeric target proteins and inappropriate cytokinesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predictive factors of sensitivity to elisidepsin , a novel kahalalide f - derived marine compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "kahalalide f", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elisidepsin ( PM02734 , Irvalec (R) ) is a synthetic marine - derived cyclic peptide of the Kahalalide F family currently in phase II clinical development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "PM02734", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Irvalec", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Kahalalide F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elisidepsin was shown to induce rapid oncosis in ErbB3 - expressing cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other predictive factors of elisidepsin sensitivity remained unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A panel of 23 cancer cell lines of different origin was assessed for elisidepsin cytotoxicity and correlated with mutational state , mRNA and protein expression of selected genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elisidepsin showed potent and broad cytotoxic effects in our cancer cell line panel , being active at concentrations ranging from 0 . 4 to 2 mu M that may be relevant for clinical settings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have shown that elisidepsin is more active in cells harboring epithelial phenotype with high E - cadherin and low vimentin expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , high ErbB3 and Muc1 expression was correlated with sensitivity to elisidepsin , whereas the presence of KRAS activating mutations was associated with resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In DU - PM cells with acquired resistance to elisidepsin , ErbB3 expression was decreased , while Bcl2 was increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DU - PM cells displayed higher sensitivity to ErbB1 - inhibitors suggesting possible cross - talk of ErbB1 and ErbB3 signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combinations of elisidepsin with lapatinib and several chemotherapies including 5 - FU and oxaliplatin resulted in synergistic effects that offer the potential of clinical use of elisidepsin in combination settings .", "entity": [{"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "oxaliplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "elisidepsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gold nanoparticle - enhanced luminescence of silicon quantum dots co - encapsulated in polymer nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preparation of two - component polymer composite nanoparticles encapsulating both Si quantum dots ( SiQDs ) and Au nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) by a single step miniemulsion polymerization of divinylbenzene is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}, {"entity": "divinylbenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This simple and robust method affords well - defined polymer composite nanoparticles with mean diameters in a range of 100 - 200 nm and with narrow polydispersity indices as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successful encapsulation of AuNPs within poly ( divinylbenzene ) was confirmed by UV - visible spectroscopy and from TEM images .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( divinylbenzene )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmon - enhanced fluorescence of the luminescence of the SiQDs by AuNPs encapsulated within the polymer composite nanoparticles was evaluated by confocal microspectroscopy , and luminescence enhancements of up to 15 times were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations indicate that the luminescence of the SiQDs is enhanced by the proximity of the AuNPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polymer composite nanoparticles were successfully ink - jet printed onto a glass substrate , which demonstrates that these composites are processable in printing applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Sites Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species - dependent Degradation of Anti - apoptotic c - FLIP Protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytosolic protein c - FLIP ( cellular Fas - associated death domain - like interleukin 1 beta - converting enzyme inhibitory protein ) is an inhibitor of death receptor - mediated apoptosis that is up - regulated in a variety of cancers , contributing to apoptosis resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several compounds found to restore sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL , a TNF family death ligand with promising therapeutic potential , act by targeting c - FLIP ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) has been implicated in c - FLIP protein degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism by which ROS post - transcriptionally regulate c - FLIP protein levels is not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show here that treatment of prostate cancer PPC - 1 cells with the superoxide generators menadione , paraquat , or buthionine sulfoximine down - regulates c - FLIP long ( c - FLIPL ) protein levels , which is prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "menadione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "buthionine sulfoximine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 140]}, {"entity": "MG132", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , pretreatment of PPC - 1 cells with a ROS scavenger prevented ubiquitination and loss of c - FLIPL protein induced by menadione or paraquat .", "entity": [{"entity": "menadione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified lysine 167 as a novel ubiquitination site of c - FLIPL important for ROS - dependent degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also identified threonine 166 as a novel phosphorylation site and demonstrate that Thr - 166 phosphorylation is required for ROS - induced Lys - 167 ubiquitination .", "entity": [{"entity": "threonine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation of either Thr - 166 or Lys - 167 was sufficient to stabilize c - FLIP protein levels in PPC - 1 , HEK293T , and HeLa cancer cells treated with menadione or paraquat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "menadione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , expression of c - FLIP T166A or K167R mutants protected cells from ROS - mediated sensitization to TRAIL - induced cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings reveal novel ROS - dependent post - translational modifications of the c - FLIP protein that regulate its stability , thus impacting sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine - , tobacco particulate matter - and methamphetamine - produced locomotor sensitisation in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Repeated nicotine exposure produces a weak and transient sensitised locomotor response in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since tobacco smoke contains thousands of non - nicotine chemical constituents , these could alter the sensitised response .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : This study aims to compare the magnitude , persistence and spatial distribution of locomotor sensitisation produced by repeated doses of nicotine , aqueous tobacco particulate matter ( TPM ) and a positive methamphetamine control .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Male Sprague - Dawley rats received five nicotine ( 0 . 0 , 0 . 2 or 0 . 4 mg / kg ) , TPM ( containing 0 . 2 or 0 . 4 mg / kg nicotine ) or methamphetamine ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) injections every second day , followed by a 4 - day withdrawal before the first challenge ( Challenge 1 , C1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were re - challenged again at 15 days post C1 to test for the persistence of sensitisation ( Challenge 2 , C2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There were no major differences in sensitisation profile between nicotine and TPM .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the lowest 0 . 2 mg / kg nicotine / TPM dose , however , small differences emerged on select test days .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The results indicated that the non - nicotinic agents in TPM did not greatly impact the nicotine - produced locomotor - sensitised response .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings might suggest that the differential pharmacological properties of TPM do not have major clinical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , the locomotor model might not expose effects of non - nicotinic constituents , and furthermore , might not closely relate to human tobacco dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different reward - related behavioural models should also be utilised to assess potential effects of non - nicotinic constituents before a role in dependence is discounted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of Primary Chronic Glomerulonephritis with Rehmannia Glutinosa Acteosides in Combination with the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Irbesartan : A Randomized Controlled Trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acteosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides used in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan to treat primary chronic glomerulonephritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 479 patients diagnosed with primary chronic glomerulonephritis were recruited from outpatient clinics and were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides , two 200 - mg capsules , bid ; and irbesartan , one 150 - mg tablet , qd ) or the control group ( irbesartan , one 150 - mg tablet , qd ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 195]}, {"entity": "irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 242]}, {"entity": "irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary outcome was 24 - h urinary protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondary outcome measures included blood pressure , estimated glomerular filtration rate , erythrocyturia , serum alanine aminotransferase , aspartate transaminase and electrolytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 8 weeks of treatment , the treatment group showed a mean reduction in 24 - h proteinuria of 36 . 42 % compared to baseline , which was significantly higher than the mean reduction from baseline of 27 . 97 % in the control group ( P = 0 . 0278 ) . Adverse drug reactions occurred at a similarly low rate in the treatment group ( 0 . 4 % ) and control group ( 1 . 2 % , P = 0 . 3724 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis , the combination of Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides and irbesartan can reduce proteinuria more effectively than irbesartan alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "irbesartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - Gingerol Inhibits Rosiglitazone - Induced Adipogenesis in 3T3 - L1 Adipocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - Gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Rosiglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the effects of 6 - gingerol ( ( S ) - 5 - hydroxy - 1 - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenyl ) - 3 - decanone ) on the inhibition of rosiglitazone ( RGZ ) - induced adipogenesis in 3T3 - L1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "( S ) - 5 - hydroxy - 1 - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenyl ) - 3 - decanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 122]}, {"entity": "rosiglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 159]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The morphological changes were photographed based on staining lipid accumulation by Oil - Red O in RGZ ( 1 micro mol / l ) - treated 3T3 - L1 cells without or with various concentrations of 6 - gingerol on differentiation day 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oil - Red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitation of triglycerides content was performed in cells on day 8 after differentiation induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differentiated cells were lysed to detect mRNA and protein levels of adipocyte - specific transcription factors by real - time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 - gingerol ( 50 micro mol / l ) effectively suppressed oil droplet accumulation and reduced the sizes of the droplets in RGZ - induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3 - L1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The triglyceride accumulation induced by RGZ in differentiated 3T3 - L1 cells was also reduced by 6 - gingerol ( 50 micro mol / l ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of differentiated 3T3 - L1 cells with 6 - gingerol ( 50 micro mol / l ) antagonized RGZ - induced gene expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor ( PPAR ) gamma and CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the increased levels of mRNA and protein in adipocyte - specific fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase induced by RGZ in 3T3 - L1 cells were decreased upon treatment with 6 - gingerol .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "RGZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggests that 6 - gingerol may be beneficial in obesity , by reducing adipogenesis partly through the down - regulating PPAR gamma activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - gingerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multisite quantitative ultrasound for the prediction of fractures over five years of follow - up : The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study assessed the ability of multisite quantitative ultrasound ( mQUS ) to predict fracture over a five - year follow - up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were a subset of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mQUS - assessed speed of sound ( SOS in m / s ) at three sites ( distal radius , tibia and phalanx ) and extensive questionnaires were completed , after which participants were followed for five years and incident fractures recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two survival analyses were completed for each site - a univariate analysis and an adjusted multivariate analysis controlling for age , anti - resorptive use , femoral neck bone mineral density , number of diseases , previous fractures , BMI , parental history of hip fracture , current smoking , current alcoholic drinks > 3 per day , current using glucocorticoids , and rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis ( variables from the FRAX 10 - year fracture risk assessment tool ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcoholic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unit of change for regression analyses was one standard deviation for all measurement sites , specific to site and sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separate analyses were completed for all clinical fractures , non - vertebral fractures and hip fractures by sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 2633 women and 1108 men included and they experienced 204 incident fractures over five years ( 5 . 5 % fractured ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Univariate models revealed statistically significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) predictive ability of mQUS for all three measurement sites for women alone for all three fracture types ( one standard deviation decrease in SOS was associated with a 52 - 130 % increase in the risk of fracture ) , but not for the men ' s group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adjusted model found that measures at the distal radius and tibia in the women ' s group could significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) predict all clinical fractures and non - vertebral fractures within the next five years ( one standard deviation decrease in SOS was associated with a 25 - 31 % increase in the risk of fracture ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mQUS provided significant five - year clinical fracture prediction in women , independent of bone mineral density and other significant risk factors for fracture , when measured at the distal radius and tibia sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Library construction and biological evaluation of enmein - type diterpenoid analogues as potential anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "enmein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A library of promising enmein - type 14 - O - diterpenoid derivatives was constructed from a commercially available kaurene - type oridonin by practical and efficient synthetic methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "enmein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "14 - O - diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "kaurene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "oridonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These synthetic derivatives were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against a set of four human cancer cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC50 values are similar to or improved over those of the parent molecule and paclitaxel , the latter of which was used as a positive control .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 29 was further investigated for its apoptotic properties against human hepatocarcinoma Bel - 7402 cells to better understand its mode of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , compound 29 was shown to have potent antitumor activity in vivo in studies with a murine model of gastric cancer ( MGC - 803 mice ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results warrant further preclinical investigations of these diterpenoid - based analogues as potential novel anticancer chemotherapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF A D - AMINO ACID OXIDASE INHIBITOR INDICATE A SPINAL SITE OF ACTION IN RAT MODELS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - AMINO ACID", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of D - amino acid oxidase ( DAAO ) activity is a potential target for the treatment of chronic pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we characterized the effects of systemic administration of the DAAO inhibitor 4H - furo [ 3 , 2 - b ] pyrrole - 5 - carboxylic acid ( SUN ) in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "4H - furo [ 3 , 2 - b ] pyrrole - 5 - carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 136]}, {"entity": "SUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of SUN dose - dependently attenuated tactile allodynia induced by ligation of the L5 spinal nerve ( SNL ) , and similarly reversed thermal hyperalgesia produced by chronic constriction injury ( CCI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , SUN was efficacious against Complete Freund ' s Adjuvant ( CFA ) - induced thermal hyperalgesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "SUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these models , maximal reversal of pain - related behaviors corresponded with maximum rates - of - increase in brain and plasma D - serine concentrations , indicative of full inhibition of DAAO activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the possible site ( s ) of action , we recorded spontaneous nerve activity and mechanically - evoked responses of central spinal cord dorsal horn neurons and compared these to spontaneous activity of peripheral dorsal root filaments in anesthetized SNL model animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral SUN reduced spontaneous activity in both central and peripheral recordings at doses and pretreatment times that corresponded to reduced mechanical allodynia in behavioral experiments .", "entity": [{"entity": "SUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following i . v . administration of SUN , the onset of action for this central effect was rapid ( maximal effects within 30 minutes ) , but was abolished by severing afferent inputs to the dorsal horn .", "entity": [{"entity": "SUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , these results indicate that inhibition of DAAO in peripheral afferent - spinal circuits reduced spontaneous neuronal activity to attenuate pain - related behaviors in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and Structure - Activity Relationships of 5 , 6 , 7 - Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidines : Discovery of a Novel TSPO PET Ligand for Cancer Imaging .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 6 , 7 - Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focused library synthesis and structure - activity relationship development of 5 , 6 , 7 - substituted pyrazolopyrimidines led to the discovery of 2 - ( 5 , 7 - diethyl - 2 - ( 4 - ( 2 - fluoroethoxy ) phenyl ) pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidin - 3 - yl ) - N , N - diethylacetamide ( 6b ) , a novel translocator protein ( TSPO ) ligand exhibiting a 36 - fold enhancement in affinity compared to another pyrazolopyrimidine - based TSPO ligand , 6a ( DPA - 714 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 6 , 7 - substituted pyrazolopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 122]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 5 , 7 - diethyl - 2 - ( 4 - ( 2 - fluoroethoxy ) phenyl ) pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidin - 3 - yl ) - N , N - diethylacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 281]}, {"entity": "pyrazolopyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [403, 421]}, {"entity": "DPA - 714", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [449, 458]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiolabeling with fluorine - 18 ( ( 18 ) F ) facilitated production of 2 - ( 5 , 7 - diethyl - 2 - ( 4 - ( 2 - [ ( 18 ) F ] fluoroethoxy ) phenyl ) pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidin - 3 - yl ) - N , N - diethylacetamide ( ( 18 ) F - 6b ) in high radiochemical yield and specific activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorine - 18", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "( 18 ) F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "2 - ( 5 , 7 - diethyl - 2 - ( 4 - ( 2 - [ ( 18 ) F ] fluoroethoxy ) phenyl ) pyrazolo [ 1 , 5 - a ] pyrimidin - 3 - yl ) - N , N - diethylacetamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 219]}, {"entity": "( 18 ) F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo studies of ( 18 ) F - 6b were performed which illuminated this agent as an improved probe for molecular imaging of TSPO - expressing cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 18 ) F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new sesquiterpene from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus ( No . GX7 - 3B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new compound 1 ( named botryosphaerin F ) , along with other three known compounds 2 ( 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 - tetranorlabd - 7 - ene - 19 , 6b : 12 , 17 - diolide ) , 3 ( botryosphaerin B ) and 4 ( LL - Z1271 beta ) , has been isolated from the mangrove fungus Aspergillus terreus ( No . GX7 - 3B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "botryosphaerin F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "13 , 14 , 15 , 16 - tetranorlabd - 7 - ene - 19 , 6b : 12 , 17 - diolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 161]}, {"entity": "botryosphaerin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 186]}, {"entity": "LL - Z1271 beta", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the new compound was established by analysis of spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothetical biogenic relationship of four sesquiterpene analogues was also described in this paper .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in the cytotoxicity assays , compound 1 showed potent inhibiting activity towards MCF - 7 and HL - 60 cancer cell lines with 50 % inhibition of cell growth ( IC50 ) values of 4 . 49 and 3 . 43 mu M , respectively , and compound 4 exhibited promising activity against HL - 60 cell line with an IC50 value of 0 . 6 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of transcriptomic signature of post - Chernobyl and post - radiotherapy thyroid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : We previously identified two highly discriminating and predictive radiation - induced transcriptomic signatures by comparing series of sporadic and post - radiotherapy thyroid tumors ( 322 - gene signature ) , and by re - analyzing a previously published dataset of sporadic and post - Chernobyl thyroid tumors ( 106 - gene signature ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present work was 1 ) to compare the two signatures in terms of gene expression deregulations and molecular features / pathways and 2 ) to test the capacity of the post - radiotherapy signature in classifying the post - Chernobyl series of tumors and reciprocally of the post Chernobyl signature in classifying the post - radiotherapy induced tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : We now explored if post - radiotherapy and post - Chernobyl thyroid papillary carcinomas ( PTC ) display common molecular features by comparing molecular pathways deregulated in the two tumor series and test the potential of gene subsets of the post - radiotherapy signature to classify the post - Chernobyl series ( 14 sporadic and 12 post - Chernobyl PTC ) , and reciprocally of gene subsets of the post - Chernobyl signature to classify the post - radiotherapy series ( 15 sporadic and 12 post - radiotherapy PTC ) , by using conventional Principal Component Analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : We found that the 5 genes common to the two signatures classified the learning / training tumors ( used to search these signatures ) of both the post - radiotherapy ( 7 PTC ) and the post - Chernobyl ( 6 PTC ) thyroid tumor series as compared with the sporadic tumors ( 7 sporadic PTC in each series ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , these 5 genes were also effective for classifying independent series of post - radiotherapy ( 5 PTC ) and post - Chernobyl ( 6 PTC ) tumors compared to independent series of sporadic tumors ( 8 PTC and 6 PTC , respectively ) ( testing tumors ) Moreover , part of each post - radiotherapy ( 32 genes ) and post - Chernobyl signature ( 16 genes ) cross - classified the respective series of thyroid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , several molecular pathways deregulated in post - Chernobyl tumors matched those found to be deregulated in post - radiotherapy tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions Overall , our data suggest that thyroid tumors that developed following either external exposure or internal 131I contamination shared common molecular features , related to DNA repair , oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses , allowing their classification as radiation - induced tumors in comparison with sporadic counterparts , independently of doses and dose rates , which suggests there may be a \" general \" radiation - induced signature of thyroid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baeckein E , a new bioactive C - methylated biflavonoid from the roots of Baeckea frutescens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baeckein E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "C - methylated biflavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phytochemical study of Baeckea frutescens afforded a new biflavonoid named as baeckein E ( 1 ) , along with four known C - methylated flavonols , baeckeins A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ) , 6 - methylquercetin ( 6 ) and 6 - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 7 ) , and two known biflavonoids baeckeins C ( 4 ) and D ( 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "biflavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "baeckein E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "C - methylated flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 145]}, {"entity": "baeckeins A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "6 - methylquercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 199]}, {"entity": "6 - methylquercetin - 4 ' - O - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 268]}, {"entity": "baeckeins C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis , including HR - ESI - MS , 1D and 2D NMR spectra , and the absolute configurations of C - 2 and C - 3 for compound 1 were assigned by circular dichroism spectrometry combined with quantum chemical calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of compounds 1 - 7 were also investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles through Antibody Recognition : Study and Utilizing the Effect of Particle Size on Interparticle Distance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An assembly of gold nanoparticle through the recognition of unmodified antibody was developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of peptide ( Cys - Ala - Leu - Asn - Asn ) as ligands to stabilize and functionalize gold nanoparticles provides technical and operational convenience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys - Ala - Leu - Asn - Asn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These peptide - capped particles in different sizes are recognized by antibody and assembly to form dimers and expanded hybrid material by controlling the conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interparticle spacing of these assemblies was well studied with small - angle X - ray scattering measurements , and it was found that the interparticle spacing is inversely dependent on the particle size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This relationship of interparticle spacing and particle size is closely related to the structure of antibody linker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , analyzing the interparticle spacing of assemblies can reveal the equilibrium configuration of IgG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the investigation , the Fab - Fab angle of IgG is obtained to be =~ 102 degrees and the Fab arms are =~ 7 . 8 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide new experimental data on the structure of flexible IgG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - split cross - validation as a method for estimating the goodness of prospective prediction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - validation is a common method to validate a QSAR model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cross - validation , some compounds are held out as a test set , while the remaining compounds form a training set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A model is built from the training set , and the test set compounds are predicted on that model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The agreement of the predicted and observed activity values of the test set ( measured by , say , R ( 2 ) ) is an estimate of the self - consistency of the model and is sometimes taken as an indication of the predictivity of the model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This estimate of predictivity can be optimistic or pessimistic compared to true prospective prediction , depending how compounds in the test set are selected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that time - split selection gives an R ( 2 ) that is more like that of true prospective prediction than the R ( 2 ) from random selection ( too optimistic ) or from our analog of leave - class - out selection ( too pessimistic ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time - split selection should be used in addition to random selection as a standard for cross - validation in QSAR model building .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of oxysterol - derived pharmacological chaperones for NPC1 : implication for the existence of second sterol - binding site .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Niemann - Pick type C1 ( NPC1 ) is a polytopic endosomal membrane protein required for efflux of LDL - derived cholesterol from endosomes , and mutations of this protein are associated with Niemann - Pick disease type C , a fatal neurodegenerative disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least one prevalent mutation ( I1061T ) has been shown to cause a folding defect , which results in failure of endosomal localization , leading to a loss - of - function phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that several oxysterols and their derivatives act as pharmacological chaperones ; binding of these compounds to I1061T NPC1 corrects the localization / maturation defect of the mutant protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , these compounds alleviate intracellular cholesterol accumulation in patient - derived fibroblasts , suggesting that they may have therapeutic potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These oxysterol derivatives bind to a domain of NPC1 that is different from the known N - terminal sterol - binding domain ; i . e . , there is an additional sterol - binding site on NPC1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 49]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mouse DNA polymerase kappa has a functional role in the repair of DNA strand breaks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Y - family of DNA polymerases support of translesion DNA synthesis ( TLS ) associated with stalled DNA replication by DNA damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , a number of studies suggest that some specialized TLS polymerases also support other aspects of DNA metabolism beyond TLS in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that mouse polymerase kappa ( Pol kappa ) could accumulate at laser - induced sites of damage in vivo resembling polymerases eta and iota .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recruitment was mediated through Pol kappa C - terminus which contains the PCNA - interacting peptide , ubiquitin zinc finger motif 2 and nuclear localization signal .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , this recruitment was significantly reduced in MSH2 - deficient LoVo cells and Rad18 - depleted cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further observed that Pol kappa - deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts were abnormally sensitive to H2O2 treatment and displayed defects in both single - strand break repair and double - strand break repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate that Pol kappa may have an important role in strand break repair following oxidative stress in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico identification of poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase - 1 inhibitors and their chemosensitizing effects against cisplatin - resistant human gastric cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase - 1 ( PARP - 1 ) enzyme is involved in the repair of DNA damages made by certain anticancer agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that PARP - 1 inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxic effects and circumvent the resistance of DNA - modifying anticancer agents such as cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we conducted virtual screening of Korea Chemical Bank database targeting PARP - 1 and identified several potent PARP - 1 inhibitors with submicromolar IC50 values ( 77 - 79nM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then examined the chemosensitization of cisplatin by pre - treatment of PARP - 1 inhibitors in cisplatin - resistant human gastric cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that PARP - 1 inhibitors suppress the formation of poly ( ADP - ribose ) and enhance the cytotoxicity of cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 89]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activation of PPAR gamma is required for hydroxysafflor yellow A of Carthamus tinctorius to attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxysafflor yellow A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress caused hepatic fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells ( HSCs ) , which were implemented by depressing PPAR gamma activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxysafflor yellow A ( HSYA ) as a nature active ingredient with antioxidant capacity was able to effectively attenuate oxidative stress mediated injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxysafflor yellow A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So it will be very interesting to study effect of HSYA on HSCs activation and liver fibrosis , and reveal the role of PPAR gamma . CCl4 and H2O2 were used to mimic oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury in vitro and in vivo respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - fibrosis effects of HSYA were evaluated and its mechanisms were disclosed by applying western blot , histopathological analysis , flow cytometry , RT - PCR and ELISA .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that HSCs activation and proliferation could be induced by oxidative stress , and the expressive levels of TGF - beta 1 and TIMP - 1 , the serum levels of ALT , AST , HA , LN , III - C and IV - C were also enhanced by oxidative stress , which is correlated with liver fibrosis ( p < 0 . 05 or p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HSYA was able to effectively inhibit oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes , up regulating the expression of PPAR gamma and MMP - 2 , and down regulating the expression of TGF - beta 1 and TIMP - 1 , and reducing alpha - SMA level .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective effect of HSYA can be significantly attenuated by GW9662 via blocking PPAR gamma ( p < 0 . 05 or p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "GW9662", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results demonstrate that HSYA is able to significantly protect the liver from oxidative stress , which requires for HSYA to stimulate PPAR gamma activity , reduce cell proliferation and suppress ECM synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "HSYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting kinases : a new approach to treating inflammatory rheumatic diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After two decades of research and development activity focussed on orally active kinase inhibitors , the first such drug ( the JAK inhibitor Xeljanz , tofacitinib ) was approved by the FDA in November 2012 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Xeljanz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "tofacitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an intense activity in many companies both on expanding the utility of JAK inhibitors in other auto - immune indications and in discovering inhibitors of the JAK family with different and more selective profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress is also being made with orally active Syk inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One such inhibitor ( fostamatinib ) is currently in large - scale phase 3 trials , and there are others in clinical development .", "entity": [{"entity": "fostamatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last two to three years have been transformative for kinase inhibitors in auto - immune diseases , as several inhibitors have finally progressed beyond phase 2 trials after so many failures on other targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , there are new treatment options for RA patients beyond existing oral DMARDs and parenteral biologics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An Ancient Transcription Factor Initiates the Burst of piRNA Production during Early Meiosis in Mouse Testes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal germ cells produce PIWI - interacting RNAs ( piRNAs ) , small silencing RNAs that suppress transposons and enable gamete maturation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mammalian transposon - silencing piRNAs accumulate early in spermatogenesis , whereas pachytene piRNAs are produced later during postnatal spermatogenesis and account for > 95 % of all piRNAs in the adult mouse testis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutants defective for pachytene piRNA pathway proteins fail to produce mature sperm , but neither the piRNA precursor transcripts nor the trigger for pachytene piRNA production is known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that the transcription factor A - MYB initiates pachytene piRNA production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - MYB drives transcription of both pachytene piRNA precursor RNAs and the mRNAs for core piRNA biogenesis factors including MIWI , the protein through which pachytene piRNAs function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - MYB regulation of piRNA pathway proteins and piRNA genes creates a coherent feedforward loop that ensures the robust accumulation of pachytene piRNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This regulatory circuit , which can be detected in rooster testes , likely predates the divergence of birds and mammals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of the Polycomb Group Protein PCGF1 in Complex with BCOR Reveals Basis for Binding Selectivity of PCGF Homologs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polycomb - group RING finger homologs ( PCGF1 , PCGF2 , PCGF3 , PCGF4 , PCGF5 , and PCGF6 ) are critical components in the assembly of distinct Polycomb repression complex 1 ( PRC1 ) - related complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify a protein interaction domain in BCL6 corepressor , BCOR , which binds the RING finger - and WD40 - associated ubiquitin - like ( RAWUL ) domain of PCGF1 ( NSPC1 ) and PCGF3 but not of PCGF2 ( MEL18 ) or PCGF4 ( BMI1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the selective binding , we have named this domain PCGF Ub - like fold discriminator ( PUFD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of BCOR PUFD bound to PCGF1 reveals that ( 1 ) PUFD binds to the same surfaces as observed for a different Polycomb group RAWUL domain and ( 2 ) the ability of PUFD to discriminate among RAWULs stems from the identity of specific residues within these interaction surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show the molecular basis for determining the binding preference for a PCGF homolog , which ultimately helps determine the identity of the larger PRC1 - like assembly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of the first K ( + ) channel blockers from the venom of the Moroccan scorpion Buthus occitanus Paris .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The availability of a large variety of specific blockers , which inhibit different K ( + ) currents , would help to elucidate their differences in physiological function .", "entity": [{"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short peptide toxins isolated from scorpion venoms are able to block voltage - dependent or Ca ( 2 + ) - activated K ( + ) channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have studied the venom of the Moroccan scorpion Buthus occitanus Paris ( BoP ) in order to find new peptides , which could enlarge our structure - function relationship knowledge on the Kv1 . 3 blocker Kaliotoxin ( KTX ) that belongs to the alpha - KTx3 . 1 family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed and since more a decade , KTX is widely used by international investigators because it exhibits a quite sharp specificity and a high - affinity for the Kv1 . 3 channel , which is not only a neuronal channel but also a therapeutic target for diverse autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis , type 1 diabetes , and rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BoP venom was first investigated using HPLC and MALDI - TOF / MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , the HPLC fractions were screened by ELISA with antibodies raised against KTX .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These antibodies recognized at least three components toxic in mice by intracerebroventricular injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were further pharmacologically characterized by competition using ( 125 ) I - KTX bound to its specific binding sites on rat brain synaptosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 125 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single component ( 4161 Da ) inhibited totally the ( 125 ) I - KTX binding and with high - affinity ( IC50 = 0 . 1 nM ) , while the two other components poorly competed with ( IC50 > 100 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 125 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These toxins were sequenced in full by Edman ' s degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high - affinity ligand ( BoPKTX ) shares 86 % sequence identity with KTX and was classified as toxin alpha - KTx3 . 17 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two others peptides ( BoP1 and BoP2 , 4093 Da and 4121 Da , respectively ) only differ by a Lys / Arg mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "Arg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their amino acid sequences were related to Martentoxin , which has been characterized from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martenzi Karch and described as both a BKCa and Kv1 . 3 blocker .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , they belong to the alpha - KTx16 family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Towards the bioequivalence of pressurised metered dose inhalers 1 : Design and characterisation of aerodynamically equivalent beclomethasone dipropionate inhalers with and without glycerol as a non - volatile excipient .", "entity": [{"entity": "beclomethasone dipropionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 153]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of semi - empirical equations were utilised to design two solution based pressurised metered dose inhaler ( pMDI ) formulations , with equivalent aerosol performance but different physicochemical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both inhaler formulations contained the drug , beclomethasone dipropionate ( BDP ) , a volatile mixture of ethanol co - solvent and propellant ( hydrofluoroalkane - HFA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "beclomethasone dipropionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "BDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "hydrofluoroalkane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 162]}, {"entity": "HFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one formulation was designed such that the emitted aerosol particles contained BDP and glycerol , a common inhalation particle modifying excipient , in a 1 : 1 mass ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "BDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By modifying the formulation parameters , including actuator orifice , HFA and metering volumes , it was possible to produce two formulations ( glycerol - free and glycerol - containing ) which had identical mass median aerodynamic diameters ( 2 . 4 mu m +/- 0 . 1 and 2 . 5 mu m +/- 0 . 2 ) , fine particle dose ( >= 5 mu m ; 66 mu g +/- 6 and 68 mu g +/- 2 ) and fine particle fractions ( 28 % +/- 2 % and 30 % +/- 1 % ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "HFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations demonstrate that it is possible to engineer formulations that generate aerosol particles with very different compositions to have similar emitted dose and in vitro deposition profiles , thus making them equivalent in terms of aerosol performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the physicochemical properties of each formulation identified significant differences in terms of morphology , thermal properties and drug dissolution of emitted particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The particles produced from both formulations were amorphous ; however , the formulation containing glycerol generated particles with a porous structure , while the glycerol - free formulation generated particles with a primarily spherical morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the glycerol - containing particles had a significantly lower dissolution rate ( 7 . 8 % +/- 2 . 1 % , over 180min ) compared to the glycerol - free particles ( 58 . 0 % +/- 2 . 9 % , over 60min ) when measured using a Franz diffusion cell .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is hypothesised that the presence of glycerol in the emitted aerosol particles altered solubility and drug transport , which may have implications for BDP pharmacokinetics after deposition in the respiratory tract .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "BDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - HT1A receptors direct the orientation of plasticity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse prefrontal cortex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several psychiatric disorders involving the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) are associated with a dysfunction of 5 - HT1A receptors ( 5 - HT1AR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These receptors , located on interneurons and pyramidal neurons , may influence neuronal excitability through a regulation of the balance between excitation ( E ) and inhibition ( I ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patch - clamp recordings in mouse cortical slices were performed to determine the modulatory role of 5 - HT1AR on the excitability and the synaptic plasticity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons ( L5PyNs ) of the PFC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was done by a comparison of postsynaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation in layer 2 / 3 of 5 - HT1AR - KO and wild - type ( WT ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that the E - I balance was significantly changed from 20 % E - 80 % I in WT mice to 23 % E - 77 % I in 5 - HT1AR - KO mice , demonstrating that 5 - HT1ARs contribute to the control of the balance between excitation and inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show that interfering with 5 - HT1AR reduced the magnitude of the long term potentiation of excitation ( eLTP ) ( induced by high frequency stimulation ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we show that 5 - HT1ARs determine the orientation of the synaptic plasticity towards LTP or LTD or no plasticity through the modulation of NMDAR - mediated currents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data point out to a unique role of 5 - HT1A postsynaptic receptors in PFC to adapt the functional plasticity of L5PyNs towards LTP , LTD or no plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This brings a new way to intervene on neuronal networks of the PFC in anxiety disorders and schizophrenia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baicalein attenuates bleomycin - induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through inhibition of miR - 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , there is no satisfactory treatment for pulmonary fibrosis , and effective agents urgently need to be developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of baicalein on bleomycin - induced pulmonary fibrosis , and the novel mechanisms involved in the anti - fibrosis effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of 5 mg / kg bleomycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two bleomycin - treated groups were orally administered daily with 50 and 100 mg / kg of baicalein from day 1 to 28 .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed baicalein decreased hydroxyproline content and alpha - SMA levels and increased lung index .", "entity": [{"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "hydroxyproline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological examinations demonstrated baicalein could obviously lower the degree of alveolitis and lung fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total antioxidant capacity in bleomycin - treated rats with baicalein was also remarkably higher than in those without baicalein .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baicalein remarkably decreased miR - 21 levels and inhibited the increased expression of TGF - beta 1 and p - Smad - 2 / 3 in bleomycin - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baicalein can attenuate bleomycin - induced pulmonary fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baicalein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "bleomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attenuation is partly achieved by improving antioxidant activity , alleviating inflammation , repressing miR - 21 , and inhibiting TGF - beta / Smad signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quercetin and epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate effect on the anisotropy of model membranes with cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell membrane fluidity , which can be altered by oxidative stress , plays an important role in the cell physiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids are among the most studied food substances that prevent and / or reduce oxidative stress , but their action mechanisms are far from being understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed a study on the effect of quercetin and epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate on 2 - Dimyristoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine small unilamellar vesicles ( SUVs ) with different amounts of cholesterol , using Laurdan as a fluorescent probe , to put into evidence the perturbations of the phospholipid membrane fluidity and local lipid order in an attempt to decipher the action mechanism of the flavonoids at the cell membrane level .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 82]}, {"entity": "2 - Dimyristoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 137]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 211]}, {"entity": "Laurdan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 227]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [406, 416]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that polyphenols modulate the transition from the gel phase to the liquid crystalline phase of SUVs in all studied membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUVs with cholesterol have by themselves higher phase transition temperature and the presence of polyphenols stabilizes further the membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quercetin has a dose - dependent effect on the fluidity and local order of the lipid membranes , whilst epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate action is not dose - dependent , the differences being attributable to the hydrophobic / hydrophilic character of the substances .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings are discussed within the frame of earlier reports on the effect of polyphenols on artificial membranes .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic mechanism of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth essential oil and its major compound nerolidol .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth is used in popular medicine as anti - inflamatory and against liver disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most studied components of the plant is the essential oil for which chemical analysis revealed ( E ) - nerolidol as major compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "( E ) - nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we have shown that P . gaudichaudianum essential oil possesses strong cytotoxic effects in mammalian V79 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of P . gaudichaudianum essential oil and nerolidol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model study .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of the XV185 - 14c and N123 strains with essential oil and nerolidol led to cytotoxicity but did not induce mutagenicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results revealed an important role of base excision repair ( BER ) as the ntg1 , ntg2 , apn1 and apn2 mutants showed pronounced sensitivity to essential oil and nerolidol .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of superoxide dismutase ( in sod1 Delta mutant strain ) sensitivity to the essential oil and nerolidol increased indicating that this oil and nerolidol are generating reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ROS production was confirmed by DCF - DA probing assay in Sod - deficient strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCF - DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this , we conclude that the observed cytotoxicity to P . gaudichaudianum essential oil and nerolidol is mainly related to ROS and DNA single strand breaks generated by the presence of oxidative lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "nerolidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential effects of acute and chronic zinc ( Zn ) exposure on hepatic lipid deposition and metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study is conducted to determine the potential mechanisms of Zn on hepatic lipid deposition and metabolism for yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco with 8 - week chronic exposure to low Zn levels ( Zn levels : 0 . 05 , 0 . 35 and 0 . 86mg / l Zn , respectively ) and 96 - h acute exposure to a high Zn level ( Zn level : 4 . 71mg / l Zn , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 201]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 258]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 314]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [323, 325]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For that purpose , hepatic lipid deposition and Zn accumulation , hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I ( CPT I ) and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) activities , and the hepatic mRNA expression of ten genes involved in lipid metabolism are determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "carnitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic ( 8 weeks ) exposure to low Zn levels apparently increases hepatic lipid content , hepatosomatic index ( HSI ) ( P < 0 . 05 ) and LPL activity , and reduces hepatic CPT I activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the acute ( 96h ) exposure to high Zn level reduces hepatic lipid content , HSI and LPL activity , and increases CPT I activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The change of mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism is Zn concentration - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pearson correlations among mRNA expression levels , lipid content , CPT I and LPL activities in liver are also observed in yellow catfish with the 8 - week chronic Zn exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the first time , our study demonstrates the effect of waterborne Zn exposure on lipid metabolism at the molecular levels in fish , which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of Zn - induced hepatic toxicity in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The force of the spontaneously contracting zebrafish heart , in the assessment of cardiovascular toxicity : Application on adriamycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heart of the zebrafish has been used extensively to assess the cardiotoxic effect of compounds , using the frequency of heart contractions as the main index of cardiac response to drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the force and the frequency generated by the spontaneously contracting zebrafish heart , isolated in saline , were found to be 0 . 87 +/- 0 . 05mN and 1 . 54 +/- 0 . 03Hz ( n = 6 ) respectively within the first hour of recording .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both values of force and frequency remained constant for over 8h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The advantage of prolonged vitality in the assessment of cardiovascular toxicity was shown using the well - known anticancer drug adriamycin , which has severe cardiotoxic side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 10 . 0 mu M there was a 21 . 05 +/- 4 . 42 % ( p = 0 . 02 , n = 4 ) decrease in the force of contraction , while the frequency was not affected after 3h treatment ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 50 . 0 and 100 . 0 mu M there was a 33 . 24 +/- 3 . 0 and 46 . 6 +/- 4 . 80 % irreversible decrease in force ( p < 0 . 05 , n = 4 ) , while a 18 . 02 +/- 4 . 07 % and 16 . 16 +/- 4 . 07 % reversible increase was observed in the frequency ( p = 0 . 02 , n = 4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These contradictory positive chronotropic and negative inotropic responses indicate the strong inhibitory effect of adriamycin on ventricular cardiomyocytes and its excitatory effects on auto - rhythmical pacemaker cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If heart frequency was the only parameter used to assess the cardiotoxic effect of adriamycin , at the above range of concentrations , this compound would have been classified as non - cardiotoxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentiation of morphine - induced mechanical antinociception by sigma 1 receptor inhibition : Role of peripheral sigma 1 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the modulation of morphine - induced mechanical antinociception and side effects by sigma 1 receptor inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both wild - type ( WT ) and sigma 1 receptor knockout ( sigma 1 - KO ) mice showed similar responses to paw pressure ( 100 - 600 g ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systemic ( subcutaneous ) or local ( intraplantar ) administration of sigma 1 antagonists ( BD - 1063 , BD - 1047 , NE - 100 and S1RA ) was devoid of antinociceptive effects in WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "BD - 1063", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "BD - 1047", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "NE - 100", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "S1RA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , sigma 1 - KO mice exhibited an enhanced mechanical antinociception in response to systemic morphine ( 1 - 16 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , systemic treatment of WT mice with sigma 1 antagonists markedly potentiated morphine - induced antinociception , and its effects were reversed by the selective sigma 1 agonist PRE - 084 .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "PRE - 084", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the local administration of morphine ( 50 - 200 mu g ) was devoid of antinociceptive effects in WT mice , it induced dose - dependent antinociception in sigma 1 - KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was limited to the injected paw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhancement of peripheral morphine antinociception was replicated in WT mice locally co - administered with sigma 1 antagonists and the opioid .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the sigma 1 antagonists tested enhanced morphine - antinociception in sigma 1 - KO mice , confirming a sigma 1 - mediated action .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine - induced side - effects ( hyperlocomotion and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit ) were unaltered in sigma 1 - KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results cannot be explained by a direct interaction of sigma 1 ligands with mu - opioid receptors or adaptive changes of mu - receptors in sigma 1 - KO mice , given that [ ( 3 ) H ] DAMGO binding in forebrain , spinal cord , and hind - paw skin membranes was unaltered in mutant mice , and none of the sigma 1 drugs tested bound to mu - opioid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] DAMGO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that sigma 1 receptor inhibition potentiates morphine - induced mechanical analgesia but not its acute side effects , and that this enhanced analgesia can be induced at peripheral level .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of phenolic compounds in in vitro cultures and wild plants of Lavandula viridis L ' H e r and their antioxidant and anti - cholinesterase potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluated the phenolic profile , antioxidant and anti - cholinesterase potential of different extracts from wild plants and in vitro cultures of Lavandula viridis L ' H e r .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPLC - DAD analysis allowed the identification and quantification of 3 - O - caffeoylquinic , 4 - O - caffeoylquinic , 5 - O - caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids , and luteolin and pinocembrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - O - caffeoylquinic , 4 - O - caffeoylquinic , 5 - O - caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 166]}, {"entity": "luteolin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}, {"entity": "pinocembrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Water / ethanol extract from in vitro cultures contained the highest amount of the identified phenolic compounds ( 51652 . 92mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the antioxidant activity we used Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity , oxygen radical absorbance capacity , Fe ( 2 + ) chelation activity and the inhibition of Fe ( 2 + ) - induced lipid peroxidation in mouse brain homogenates ( in vitro ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , all the extracts from both wild plants and in vitro cultures exhibited ability to scavenge free radicals , to chelate Fe ( 2 + ) and to protect against lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the extracts from L . viridis were active in inhibiting both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase ( Ellman ' s method ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that L . viridis in vitro cultures represent a promising alternative for the production of active metabolites with antioxidant and anti - cholinesterase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypocholesterolemic effect of daily fisetin supplementation in high fat fed Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to test whether fisetin could modulate cholesterol homeostasis in rats with diet - induced hypercholesterolemia , and further investigated the underlying mechanisms by which fisetin exerts its cholesterol lowering effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood lipid profile , hepatic cholesterol content , as well as gene expressions in cholesterol metabolism were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL - cholesterol , along with hepatic cholesterol content in a high fat group were found to be significantly reduced by fisetin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high fat diet significantly decreased hepatic mRNA levels of LDLR , SREBP2 , HMGCR and PCSK9 in comparison to the control diet , however , fisetin did not further elicit any changes in mRNA levels of the same genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high fat diet dramatically increased the transcript levels of CYP7A1 , which was subsequently reversed by the fisetin .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HepG2 cells , fisetin was found to increase the levels of a nuclear form of SREBP2 and LDLR .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , fisetin supplementation displayed hypocholesterolemic effects by modulating the expression of genes associated with cholesterol and bile acid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "fisetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolic compounds from Jacaranda caroba ( Vell . ) A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DC . : Approaches to neurodegenerative disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diseases affecting the central nervous system are spread throughout the world .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As so , more efficient and safe neuroprotective drugs are required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study describes , for the first time , the phenolic composition and bioactivity of Jacaranda caroba ( Vell . ) A .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DC , a species whose infusion is consumed as traditional medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPLC - DAD - ESI / MS ( n ) analysis revealed the presence of four dicaffeoyl acid derivatives and nine flavonoids , comprising quercetin , kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "dicaffeoyl acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "kaempferol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "isorhamnetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve compounds are described for the first time in Jacaranda genus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although isorhamnetin - 3 - O - rhmanoside - 7 , 4 ' - di - O - glucoside and quercetin - 3 - O - ( 2 - pentosyl ) hexoside are the main metabolites in both aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts , qualitative and quantitative differences were found between them .", "entity": [{"entity": "isorhamnetin - 3 - O - rhmanoside - 7 , 4 ' - di - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 73]}, {"entity": "quercetin - 3 - O - ( 2 - pentosyl ) hexoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aqueous extract is richer in dicaffeoyl acid derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "dicaffeoyl acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both extracts proved to be strong radicals ' scavengers and effective monoamine - oxidase A inhibitors , but showed weak protection against cholinesterases ' activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results highlight the value of J . caroba as a source of health - promoting antioxidants and antidepressant compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mycotoxin T - 2 inhibits hepatic cytochrome P4503A activity in pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "mycotoxin T - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that readily colonize crops .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After ingestion , these mycotoxins can compromise intestinal health , and once entering the blood stream , even affect the liver and its metabolizing enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was therefore the aim of the present study to investigate the effect of T - 2 toxin , an emerging and potent Fusarium mycotoxin , on the enzymatic activity of cytochrome P4503A ( CYP3A ) metabolizing enzymes in the liver of pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a yeast - derived feed additive that claims to bind T - 2 toxin was included in the study to evaluate its efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrated that a 14 - days intake of T - 2 toxin contaminated feed at a dose of 903 mu g / kg feed , whether or not combined with the mycotoxin binder , results in a substantial inhibition of the CYP3A activity in the liver of pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - 2 toxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result may be of importance for animal health , the pharmacokinetics and the withdrawal time of drugs that are substrate of CYP3A enzymes , and consequently can be a threat for public health with respect to tissue residues of these drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism Studies of Unformulated Internally [ 3H ] - labeled siRNAs in Mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "3H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absorption , distribution , metabolism , and excretion properties of two unformulated model siRNAs were determined using a single internal [ ( 3 ) H ] - radiolabeling procedure , where the full - length oligonucleotides were radiolabeled by Br / ( 3 ) H - exchange .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "Br", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 243]}, {"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue distribution , excretion , and mass balance of radioactivity were investigated in male CD - 1 mice , following a single intravenous administration of the [ ( 3 ) H ] - siRNAs , at a target dose level of 5 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative whole - body autoradiography ( QWBA ) and liquid scintillation counting techniques were used to determine tissue distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiochromatogram profiles were determined in plasma , tissue extracts and urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolites were separated by liquid chromatography and identified by radiodetection and high - resolution accurate mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , there was little difference in the distribution of total radiolabeled components after administration of the two unformulated [ ( 3 ) H ] - siRNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The radioactivity was rapidly and widely distributed throughout the body , and remained detectable in all tissues investigated at later time points ( 24 and 48 hours for [ ( 3 ) H ] - MRP4 and [ ( 3 ) H ] - SSB siRNA , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 179]}, {"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an initial rapid decline , concentrations of total radiolabeled components in dried blood declined at a much slower rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nearly complete mass balance was obtained for the [ ( 3 ) H ] - SSB siRNA and renal excretion was the main route of elimination ( 38 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 3 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolism of the two model siRNAs was rapid and extensive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five minutes after administration , no parent compound could be detected in plasma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , radiolabeled nucleosides resulting from nuclease hydrolysis were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the metabolism profiles obtained from various tissues only radiolabeled nucleosides were found , suggesting that siRNAs are rapidly metabolized and that the distribution pattern of total radiolabeled components can be ascribed to small molecular weight metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced broadband and omnidirectional performance of Cu ( In , Ga ) Se2 solar cells with ZnO functional nanotree arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu ( In , Ga ) Se2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An effective approach is demonstrated for enhancing photoelectric conversion of Cu ( In , Ga ) Se2 ( CIGS ) solar cells with three - dimensional ZnO nanotree arrays .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu ( In , Ga ) Se2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 98]}, {"entity": "CIGS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under a simulated one - sun condition , cells with ZnO nanotree arrays enhance the short - circuit current density by 10 . 62 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The omnidirectional anti - reflection of CIGS solar cells with various ZnO nanostructures is also investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "CIGS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solar - spectrum weighted reflectance is approximately less than 5 % for incident angles of up to 60 degrees and for the wavelengths primarily from 400 nm to 1000 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This enhancement in light harvesting is attributable to the gradual refractive index profile between the ZnO nanostructures and air .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonergic hallucinogens differentially modify gamma and high frequency oscillations in the rat nucleus accumbens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : The nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) is a site critical for the actions of many drugs of abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychoactive compounds , such as N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor ( NMDAR ) antagonists , modify gamma ( 40 - 90 ) and high frequency oscillations ( HFO , 130 - 180 Hz ) in local field potentials ( LFPs ) recorded in the NAc .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) and 2 , 5 - dimethoxy - 4 - iodoamphetamine ( DOI ) are serotonergic hallucinogens and activation of 5HT2A receptors likely underlies their hallucinogenic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lysergic acid diethylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "LSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "2 , 5 - dimethoxy - 4 - iodoamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 78]}, {"entity": "DOI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether these compounds can also modulate LFP oscillations in the NAc is unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study aims to examine the effect of serotonergic hallucinogens on gamma and HFO recorded in the NAc and to test whether 5HT2A receptors mediate the effects observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : LFPs were recorded from the NAc of freely moving rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs were administered intraperitoneally .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : LSD ( 0 . 03 - 0 . 3 mg / kg ) and DOI ( 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 mg / kg ) increased the power and reduced the frequency of HFO .", "entity": [{"entity": "LSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "DOI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the hallucinogens produced a robust reduction in the power of low ( 40 - 60 Hz ) , but not high gamma oscillations ( 70 - 90 Hz ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDL 11939 ( 1 . 0 mg / kg ) , a 5HT2A receptor antagonist , fully reversed the changes induced by DOI on HFO but only partially for the low gamma band .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDL 11939", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "DOI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equivalent increases in HFO power were observed after TCB - 2 ( 5HT2A receptor agonist , 0 . 1 - 1 . 5 mg / kg ) , but not CP 809101 ( 5H2C receptor agonist , 0 . 1 - 3 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCB - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "CP 809101", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , hallucinogen - induced increases in HFO power were smaller than those produced by ketamine ( 25 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Serotonergic hallucinogen - induced changes in HFO and gamma are mediated , at least in part , by stimulation of 5HT2A receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the oscillatory changes produced by serotonergic hallucinogens and NMDAR antagonists are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Ebola Virus Infection : Identification of Niemann - Pick C1 as the Target by Optimization of a Chemical Probe .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high throughput screen identified adamantane dipeptide 1 as an inhibitor of Ebola virus ( EboV ) infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hit - to - lead optimization to determine the structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) identified the more potent EboV inhibitor 2 and a photoaffinity labeling agent 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These anti - viral compounds were employed to identify the target as Niemann - Pick C1 ( NPC1 ) , a host protein that binds the EboV glycoprotein and is essential for infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies establish NPC1 as a promising target for anti - viral therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Arf GAP AGAP2 Interacts with beta Arrestin2 and Regulates beta 2 - Adrenergic Receptor Recycling and Erk Activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGAP2 is a multidomain Arf GAP ( ADP ribosylation factor - directed GTPase - activating protein ) that was shown to promote the fast - recycling of transferrin receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we tested the hypothesis that AGAP2 regulates trafficking of beta 2 - adrenergic receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that AGAP2 formed a complex with beta Arrestin1 and beta Arrestin2 , proteins that are known to regulate beta 2 - adrenergic receptor signaling and trafficking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGAP2 colocalized with beta Arrestin2 on the plasma membrane , and knockdown of AGAP2 expression reduced plasma membrane association of beta Arrestin2 upon beta 2 - adrenergic receptor activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGAP2 also colocalized with internalized beta 2 - adrenergic receptors on endosomes , and overexpression of AGAP2 slowed accumulation of beta 2 - adrenergic receptor in the perinuclear recycling endosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , knockdown of AGAP2 expression prevented recycling of beta 2 - adrenergic receptor back to the plasma membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , AGAP2 formed a complex with endogenous Erk and overexpression of AGAP2 potentiated Erk phosphorylation induced by beta 2 - adrenergic receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results support the hypothesis that AGAP2 plays a role in the signaling and recycling of beta 2 - adrenergic receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of the first synthetic inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 suitable for inhibition of influenza virus activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TMPRSS2 is a multidomain type II transmembrane serine protease that cleaves the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin ( HA ) of influenza viruses with monobasic cleavage site , which is a prerequisite for virus fusion and propagation .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it activates the fusion protein F of the human metapneumovirus and the spike protein S of the SARS coronavirus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased TMPRSS2 expression was also described in several tumor entities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , TMPRSS2 emerged as a potential target for drug design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catalytic domain of TMPRSS2 was expressed in E . coli and used for an inhibitor screen with previously synthesized inhibitors of various trypsin - like serine proteases .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two inhibitor types were identified , which inhibit TMPRSS2 in the nanomolar range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first series comprises substrate analogue inhibitors containing a 4 - amidinobenzylamide moiety in P1 position , whereby some of these analogues possess inhibition constants around 20 nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - amidinobenzylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An improved potency was found for second type derived from sulfonylated 3 - amindinophenylalanylamide derivates .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonylated 3 - amindinophenylalanylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most potent derivative of this series inhibits TMPRSS2 with a Ki value of 0 . 9 nM and showed an efficient blockage of influenza virus propagation in human airway epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the inhibitor studies a series of new fluorogenic substrates containing a d - arginine residue in P3 position was synthesized , some of them were efficiently cleaved by TMPRSS2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Broken Symmetry Quantum Hall States in Dual - Gated ABA Trilayer Graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABA - stacked trilayer graphene is a unique 2D electron system with mirror reflection symmetry and unconventional quantum Hall effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present low - temperature transport measurements on dual - gated suspended trilayer graphene in the quantum Hall ( QH ) regime .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observe QH plateaus at filling factors nu = - 8 , - 2 , 2 , 6 , and 10 , which is in agreement with the full - parameter tight binding calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In high magnetic fields , odd - integer plateaus are also resolved , indicating almost complete lifting of the 12 - fold degeneracy of the lowest Landau level ( LL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under an out - of - plane electric field E _|_ , we observe degeneracy breaking and transitions between QH plateaus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , depending on its direction , E _|_ selectively breaks the LL degeneracies in the electron - doped or hole - doped regimes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results underscore the rich interaction - induced phenomena in trilayer graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coarse - grained model for predicting RNA folding thermodynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a thermodynamically robust coarse - grained model to simulate folding of RNA in monovalent salt solutions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model includes stacking , hydrogen bond , and electrostatic interactions as fundamental components in describing the stability of RNA structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stacking interactions are parametrized using a set of nucleotide - specific parameters , which were calibrated against the thermodynamic measurements for single - base stacks and base - pair stacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All hydrogen bonds are assumed to have the same strength , regardless of their context in the RNA structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ionic buffer is modeled implicitly , using the concept of counterion condensation and the Debye - H u ckel theory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three adjustable parameters in the model were determined by fitting the experimental data for two RNA hairpins and a pseudoknot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single set of parameters provides good agreement with thermodynamic data for the three RNA molecules over a wide range of temperatures and salt concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the process of calibrating the model , we establish the extent of counterion condensation onto the single - stranded RNA backbone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduced backbone charge is independent of the ionic strength and is 60 % of the RNA bare charge at 37 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our model can be used to predict the folding thermodynamics for any RNA molecule in the presence of monovalent ions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supramolecular Structure of TTBC J - Aggregates in Solution and on Surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTBC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aggregation behavior of cationic 5 , 5 ' , 6 , 6 ' - tetrachloro - 1 , 1 ' , 3 , 3 ' - tetraethylbenzimidacarbocyanine with chloride ( TTBC - Cl ) or iodide counterions ( TTBC - I ) in aqueous solution is investigated by absorption , linear dichroism , and fluorescence spectroscopies , as well as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy ( cryo - TEM ) and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 , 5 ' , 6 , 6 ' - tetrachloro - 1 , 1 ' , 3 , 3 ' - tetraethylbenzimidacarbocyanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 122]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "TTBC - Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}, {"entity": "TTBC - I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TTBC - Cl is found to form J - aggregates with a classical Davydov - split absorption band ( type I spectrum ) even under different preparation conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTBC - Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aggregates remain stable for months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the chloride salt , the iodide salt TTBC - I forms two different types of J - aggregates depending on the pH of the aqueous solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "TTBC - I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TTBC - I aggregates prepared in pure water ( pH = 6 ) are characterized by a single redshifted absorption band ( type III spectrum ) , whereas those prepared in alkaline solution at pH = 13 show a typical Davydov - split ( type I ) absorption band .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTBC - I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite differences in counterions , preparation method , stability , and spectroscopic behavior , cryo - TEM reveals an identical tubular architecture for all these J - aggregates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the new structure models discussed here is a cylindrical brickwork layer of dye molecules for single - banded J - aggregates ( type III ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Davydov - split aggregates ( type I ) , a molecular herringbone - like pattern is proposed instead .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , absorption spectra have revealed an additional single redshifted absorption band ( type II spectrum ) that is assigned to a surface aggregate and is induced by a specific interaction of the dye cation with the negatively charged cuvette wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AFM measurements of analogous preparations on negatively charged mica surfaces have supported this interpretation and revealed the formation of monolayered sheet structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of indolyl - 3 - acetonitrile derivatives and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide and PGE2 productions in LPS - induced RAW 264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolyl - 3 - acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 39]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arvelexin is one of major constituents of Brassica rapa that exerts anti - inflammatory activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arvelexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several indolyl - 3 - acetonitrile derivatives were synthesized as arvelexin analogs and evaluated for their abilities to inhibit NO and PGE2 productions in LPS - induced RAW 264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolyl - 3 - acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 34]}, {"entity": "arvelexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the indolyl - 3 - acetonitriles synthesized , compound 2k , which possesses a hydroxyl group at C - 7 position of the indole ring and an N - methyl substituent , more potently inhibited NO and PGE2 productions and was less cytotoxic than arvelexin on macrophage cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolyl - 3 - acetonitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 34]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 127]}, {"entity": "N - methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 191]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 200]}, {"entity": "arvelexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a synthetic Aminopeptidase N inhibitor LB - 4b as a potential anticancer agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "LB - 4b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APN inhibitors have been considered as potential anticancer agents for years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LB - 4b is the first synthetic APN inhibitor to be evaluated for both of its anti - invasion and anti - angiogenesis effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "LB - 4b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a potent synthetic APN inhibitor ( IC50 = 850nM , versus bestatin of 8 . 1 mu M ) , LB - 4b was determined to have more significant block effects to cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis than bestatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "bestatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "LB - 4b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "bestatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , it is able to be easily synthesized with a high total yield , while the reported synthetic methods of bestatin are much more complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "bestatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atropa acuminata Royle Ex Lindl . blunts production of pro - inflammatory mediators eicosanoids . , leukotrienes , cytokines in vitro and in vivo models of acute inflammatory responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "eicosanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "leukotrienes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Atropa acuminata Royle Ex Lindl . has been widely used in folk medicine for several inflammatory disorders such as arthritis , asthma , conjunctivitis , encephalitis , pancreatitis , peritonitis , acute infections and neuroinflammatory disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : Our aim was to evaluate Atropa acuminata for its anti - inflammatory properties and to delineate its possible mechanism of action on the modulation of the inflammatory mediators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We investigated the inhibitory action of ethanolic extract of Atropa acuminata ( AAEE ) on production of NO , TNF - alpha and IL - 1 beta in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulated RAW264 . 7 cells and also assayed it for COX 1 / 2 and 5 - LOX inhibitory activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next AAEE was tested in acute inflammatory animal models . , carragenean induced rat paw edema , carragenean induce pleurisy in rats and vascular permeability in mice and the effects on NO , PGE2 and LTB4 production in the pleural fluid and paw exudates were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 188]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition the effects on leukocyte migration and exudation and vascular permeability were also observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our findings summarized novel anti - inflammatory mechanisms for Atropa acuminata based on dual in vitro cyclooxygenase 1 / 2 / and 5 - Lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and also significant downregulation of nitric oxide ( NO ) and pro - inflammatory cytokin ( TNF - alpha and Il - 1 beta ) release in LPS - stimulated RAW 246 . 7 macrophage cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 232]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In acute inflammatory models in vivo ( carragenean induced edema , carragenean induced pleurisy in rats and vascular permeability in mice ) , AAEE exhibited an extensive diverse mechanism for anti - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was indicated on the basis of dose dependent suppression of multi targeted inflammatory mediators . , NO , TNF - alpha and IL - 1 beta , eicosanoids . , PGE2 and leukotrienes . , LTB4 along with significantly decreased leucocyte migration , exudation and decreased vascular permeability .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 109]}, {"entity": "eicosanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "leukotrienes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were more potent and prolonged than traditional NSAIDS , thereby indicating fewer side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AAEE was found to be safe for long term administration , as confirmed by the results of acute toxicity studies and MTT assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The complex mode of action of the herbs was attributed possibly due to the high polyphenolic , flavanol and flavonoid content present in the extracts as observed by means of quantitative screening for phytochemicals .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "flavanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our study provides scientific evidence to support the traditional anti - inflammatory uses of Atropa acuminata and is probably due to inhibitory effects on multiple inflammatory mediators which indicates a promising potential for the development of a strong anti - inflammatory agent from this plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of Morphine Analgesic Tolerance by Ethanol in the Mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chronic use of opioids in humans , accompanied by the development of tolerance , is a dangerous phenomenon in its own right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However chronic opioid use is often made more dangerous by the co - consumption of other substances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been observed that the blood level of opioids in postmortem analyses of addicts , who consumed ethanol along with the opioid , was much less than that observed in individuals that died from opioids alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This relationship between ethanol and opioids led us to investigate the hypothesis that ethanol alters tolerance to opioids .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we report that ethanol significantly and dose - dependently reduced the antinociceptive tolerance produced by morphine and the cross tolerance between DAMGO and morphine in the mouse tail - flick test .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "DAMGO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 179]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reversal of morphine tolerance was partially blocked by both the GABAA receptor blocker bicuculline and by the GABAB receptor blocker phaclofen and the administration of both inhibitors completely reversed the effects of ethanol on morphine tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "bicuculline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "phaclofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 232]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diazepam , like ethanol , decreased morphine tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this inhibition was reversed by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline but not by the GABAB antagonist phaclofen .", "entity": [{"entity": "bicuculline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "phaclofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings have important implications for individuals who abuse opioids and ethanol as well as suggest a mechanism to reduce the amount of opioid needed in chronic pain treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physiological costs and carry - over effects of avian interspecific brood parasitism influence reproductive tradeoffs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although models of co - evolution between brood parasites and their hosts primarily focus upon the cost to hosts in the current reproductive bout , the impact of brood parasitism may carry over to future reproductive attempts by altering resource allocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucocorticoid stress hormones help mediate resource allocation to reproduction , yet they have rarely been examined in brood parasitic systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we determined if shifts in parental care and corticosterone had carry - over effects on future reproductive effort in the rufous - and - white wren ( Thryophilus rufalbus ) , a host of the Central American striped cuckoo ( Tapera naevia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that parasitized parents had significantly higher stress - induced , but not baseline , corticosterone than natural parents during the fledgling stage , which was associated with changes in parental care .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high investment in current reproduction while parasitized may be due to the value of fledged chicks in tropical systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This maladaptive response by parasitized parents was associated with delayed re - nesting and a reduced likelihood of nesting in the subsequent breeding season .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a reduction in future reproductive effort can result from a combination of factors , this work suggests that fitness costs of brood parasitism are mediated by changes in corticosterone and parental care behavior that carry over into subsequent breeding seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The short course in toxinology : Training the trainers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical toxinology is the medical discipline dealing with the diagnosis , treatment and prevention of toxin diseases caused by exposure to venomous animals and poisonous animals , plants and mushrooms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently there is no national or international organisation accrediting or training doctors in this discipline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few courses covering some aspects of clinical toxinology exist , either with limited curricula , or with only a minor clinical focus , or with a very regional , non - global focus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only comprehensive clinical toxinology course is the one provided in Adelaide , Australia , running regularly since 1997 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hundreds of doctors from many nations have attended the course since 1997 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This course covers venomous animals , poisonous animals , plants and mushrooms , from a full global perspective , with an international faculty and an exit exam .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though lasting only one week , extensive pre - reading material is mandated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current Course Handbook is about 500 pages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emphasis is on clinically relevant information and is focused on the needs of doctors treating cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While it is expected that attendees will have , or acquire , direct experience managing cases of toxin disease and will use the knowledge and skills gained in the course in direct patient care , they may also act as resource people in their home region / nation to promote increased skills in clinical toxinology amongst the wider medical workforce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This course may form the nucleus from which IST can develop a global accredited training scheme in clinical toxinology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a scheme will require input from diverse global regions and will be far more comprehensive and over a much longer time than the current Short Course , though likely will incorporate the Short Course in some way , or a derivative of it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two novel saponins of 20 , 26 - epoxy derivatives of pseudojujubogenin from the seeds of Hovenia trichocarpa .", "entity": [{"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "20 , 26 - epoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "pseudojujubogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new saponins of 20 , 26 - epoxy derivatives of pseudojujubogenin , hoduloside XI ( 1 ) and hoduloside XII ( 2 ) were isolated from the seeds of Hovenia trichocarpa .", "entity": [{"entity": "saponins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "20 , 26 - epoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "pseudojujubogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "hoduloside XI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "hoduloside XII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive NMR experiments and chemical methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hoduloside XI was confirmed to be 3 - O - { beta - d - glucopyranosyl ( 1 --> 3 ) - [ beta - d - xylopyranosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) ] - alpha - l - arabinopyranosyl } - 20 , 26 - epoxypseudojujubogenin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hoduloside XI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "3 - O - { beta - d - glucopyranosyl ( 1 --> 3 ) - [ beta - d - xylopyranosyl ( 1 --> 2 ) ] - alpha - l - arabinopyranosyl } - 20 , 26 - epoxypseudojujubogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hoduloside XII was identified as 3 - O - { beta - d - xylopyranose ( 1 --> 2 ) glucopyranosyl ( 1 --> 3 ) [ rhamnopyranose ( 1 --> 2 ) ] beta - d - glucopyranosyl } - 20 , 26 - epoxypseudojujubogenin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hoduloside XII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "3 - O - { beta - d - xylopyranose ( 1 --> 2 ) glucopyranosyl ( 1 --> 3 ) [ rhamnopyranose ( 1 --> 2 ) ] beta - d - glucopyranosyl } - 20 , 26 - epoxypseudojujubogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds 1 and 2 was assayed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They displayed inhibitive activities against human cancer cell lines HL60 and K562 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antinociceptive effect and gastroprotective mechanisms of 3 , 5 - diprenyl - 4 - hydroxyacetophenone from Ageratina pichinchensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 5 - diprenyl - 4 - hydroxyacetophenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive activity ( in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models ) and gastroprotective effect of the 3 , 5 - diprenyl - 4 - hydroxyacetophenone ( HYDP ) , isolated from Ageratina pichinchensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 5 - diprenyl - 4 - hydroxyacetophenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 190]}, {"entity": "HYDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gastroprotective activity of this plant was previously reported by our workgroup , finding encesanescin to be one active compound .", "entity": [{"entity": "encesanescin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present results show that HYDP reduced nociception in a dose - dependent manner in carrageenan and L5 / L6 spinal nerve ligation , with efficacies of 72 . 6 and 57 . 1 % , respectively , at doses of 100 and 562mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "HYDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HYDP also showed gastroprotective activity in the model of ethanol - induced gastric lesion , with a 75 . 59 % maximum inhibition of ulcers at a dose of 100mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "HYDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This gastroprotective effect was attenuated by N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester , indomethacin and N - ethylmaleimide , indicating that NO , prostaglandins and sulfhydryl groups are involved in the mechanisms of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "N ( G ) - nitro - l - arginine methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 90]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "N - ethylmaleimide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 128]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first evidence , to our knowledge , of the antinociceptive and gastroprotective activities of HYDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "HYDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of sodium selenite on lead induced cognitive dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of lead ( Pb ) on spatial memory and hippocampal long - term potentiation ( LTP ) as a key risk factor has been widely recognized and the oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism of lead neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium ( Se ) is a nutritionally essential trace element with known antioxidant potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of Se supplementary on Pb induced cognition and synaptic plasticity impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactating Sprague - Dawley rats ( SD rats ) were randomly divided to four groups : 0ppm lead acetate ( Pb ) ; 0ppm Pb and 0 . 2ppm sodium selenite ( Se ) ; 100ppm Pb ; 100ppm Pb and 0 . 2ppm Se .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "sodium selenite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 165]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 177]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactating rats were treated with or without Pb and / or Se throughout lactation until weaning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of hippocampal LTP , the spatial memory , the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons , the levels of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) release , and the serum level of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) were assayed .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 217]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It had been observed that in Pb group the spatial memory , the induce level of LTP , the serum SOD level decreased , the LDH release level , the neurons apoptosis level , the serum MDA level increased , while in the Se supplements groups , the spatial memory , the induce level of LTP increased significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the Pb group , Se supplements shown down regulated the level of LDH , the neurons apoptosis and the serum MDA , and up regulated the level of serum SOD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We could draw the conclusion that Se supplements could alleviate toxic effect of lead on hippocampal LTP and spatial memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treated with selenium around 0 . 2ppm may protect against spatial memory dysfunction induced by lead exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A critical examination of best dose analysis for determining cognitive - enhancing potential of drugs : studies with rhesus monkeys and computer simulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Best dose analysis involves identifying the dose associated with the greatest improvement in performance for each subject and comparing performances associated with these individually determined best doses to control performances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The current experiments were conducted to examine whether significant best dose effects might result from the selective analysis of data rather than an actual drug effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Experiment 1 examined the effects of nicotine and methylphenidate on delayed matching - to - sample ( DMTS ) and self - ordered spatial search ( SOSS ) performances in rhesus monkeys ( DMTS : n = 7 ; SOSS : n = 6 ) to determine the validity and reliability of best dose effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiment 2 used Monte Carlo computer simulations to estimate the likelihood of obtaining a significant outcome when the best dose method was applied to randomly generated data sets for which no difference existed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Significant effects were obtained when the best dose analysis was applied to performances from nondrug sessions , and best dose performances were not significantly different from the best nondrug performances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doses identified as best doses from two nicotine dose - response curve determinations were unrelated , and the improvement associated with the best dose observed during the first dose - response curve determination was not reliable when the dose was administered repeatedly .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , there was a high likelihood of obtaining a statistically significant difference when no real difference existed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Best dose analysis for the identification of potential therapeutic agents should be replaced by single - subject designs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of Bacillus subtilis to mercury induces accumulation of shorter tRNA Cys species .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA processing is an essential pathway in the regulation of genetic expression in the cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , Bacillus subtilis was used to understand the effects of mercury on the mechanism of tRNA metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CVAAS ( cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy ) method revealed that from the addition of HgCl2 ( 0 . 75 mu g ml ( - 1 ) ) during the bacterial exponential phase , ca .", "entity": [{"entity": "HgCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "48 % of the added mercury was taken up by the cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This led to an immediate reduction in the rate of cell division .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this response , we observed accumulation of species shorter than mature tRNA ( Cys ) over a 10 h period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We did not observe this accumulation for another five tRNAs analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tRNA processing is largely dependent on RNase R and PNPase in B . subtilis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , when the exonuclease PNPase was absent , we found that the shorter tRNA ( Cys ) species increased and mature tRNA ( Cys ) decreased after mercury addition , but this proportion changed during the time analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the absence of RNase R and PNPase the accumulation of the shorter tRNA ( Cys ) was more pronounced and the mature form was not recovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the single rnr mutant strain the shorter tRNA ( Cys ) was not observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All together , we provide in vivo evidence that PNPase and RNase R are indispensable in controlling tRNA ( Cys ) quality in the presence of mercury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cys", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insights into the adsorption and energy transfer of Ag clusters on the AgCl ( 100 ) surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is fundamental to uncover the real adsorption properties of Ag clusters on an AgCl surface and the energy transfer mechanisms at the interface to understand the highly active photocatalytic performance and the stability of the plasmonic photocatalyst Ag @ AgCl .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 256]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on density functional theory calculations we provide valuable insights into the binding nature of Ag clusters on AgCl surface , where the binding between Ag atoms in the cluster and on the surface plays a decisive role in determining the most stable adsorption configurations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that there is energy transfer from the plasmonic metals to substrate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hot holes excited by the decay of surface plasmon resonance on the metals can diffuse into the Cl ions in the outermost two layers of the surface producing highly oxidative Cl atoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dipole - dipole interaction between the plasmonic metal clusters and substrate Cl ions can also generate electron - hole pairs in the surface layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is deduced that the positively charged nature of adsorbed clusters acting as electron trapping centers and reduction sites plays a crucial role in keeping the stability of the Ag @ AgCl system during the photocatalytic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 181]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the validity of the cluster adsorption model for energy transfer is verified with respect to the nucleation and aggregation process of Ag atoms on the AgCl surface and a detailed description of the formation and evolution of Ag nanoparticles on an AgCl surface is provided .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 237]}, {"entity": "AgCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study may be helpful for understanding and designing this novel plasmonic photocatalyst and can be useful for investigating other relevant photocatalysts as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diagnostic performance of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules : a meta - analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan in the evaluation of thyroid nodules suspicious for malignancy with conflicting results .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of our study is to meta - analyze published data on this topic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comprehensive literature search of studies published through December 2012 regarding the diagnostic performance of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan in the evaluation of thyroid nodules suspicious for malignancy was carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pooled sensitivity and specificity of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan on a per lesion - based analysis and the area under the ROC curve were calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathological reports of thyroid nodules were considered as reference standard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - one studies were included in the meta - analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pooled sensitivity and specificity of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan in detecting malignant thyroid nodules were 85 . 1 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) : 81 . 1 - 88 . 5 % ] and 45 . 7 % ( 95 % CI : 42 . 7 - 48 . 7 % ) , respectively , on a per lesion - based analysis , irrespective of eventual results of previous technetium pertechnetate ( ( 99m ) TcO4 ) or iodine - 123 ( ( 123 ) I ) scan .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "technetium pertechnetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 341]}, {"entity": "( 99m ) TcO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 356]}, {"entity": "iodine - 123", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [362, 374]}, {"entity": "( 123 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [377, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area under the ROC curve was 0 . 78 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sub - analysis restricted to data on hypofunctioning nodules on ( 99m ) TcO4 or ( 123 ) I scans was performed : pooled sensitivity and specificity of ( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan in these nodules were 82 . 1 % ( 95 % CI : 77 . 2 - 86 . 3 % ) and 62 . 8 % ( 95 % CI : 58 . 9 - 66 . 7 % ) , respectively , on a per lesion - based analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) TcO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "( 123 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The area under the ROC curve was 0 . 81 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI scan is a sensitive diagnostic tool in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - MIBI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , this imaging method could be helpful in patients with thyroid nodules in which malignancy is suspected on the basis of conventional diagnostic techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher specificity can be reached when hypofunctioning thyroid nodules are considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , antimicrobial evaluation and molecular modelling of novel sulfonamides carrying a biologically active quinazoline nucleus .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "quinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel series of quinazolines 5 - 10 , triazoloquinazolines 11 - 17 and triazinoquinazoline 19 bearing a biologically active sulfonamide moiety were synthesized , utilizing methyl 2 - isothiocyanato benzoate 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "triazoloquinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "triazinoquinazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 92]}, {"entity": "sulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "methyl 2 - isothiocyanato benzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the newly synthesized compounds revealed promising bacterial growth inhibition , compared with the ampicillin , as the reference drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "ampicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A LigandScout approach - generated pharmacophore model for the Staph aureus bacteria growth inhibition was done .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of fitting of the test set compounds ( 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 11 , 17 ) to the generated hypothetical model revealed a qualitative measure of the more or less microbial inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds ( 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 17 and 22 ) , which revealed significant activity , are able to effectively satisfy the proposed pharmacophore geometry , using the energy accessible conformers ( E conf < 20 kcal / mol ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agreement Between ICU Clinicians and Electrophysiology Cardiologists on the Decision to Initiate a QTc - interval Prolonging Medication in Critically Ill Patients with Potential Risk Factors for Torsade de Pointes : A Comparative , Case - Based Evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY OBJECTIVES : To measure concordance between different intensive care unit ( ICU ) clinicians and a consensus group of electrophysiology ( EP ) cardiologists for use of a common rate - corrected QT interval ( QTc ) - prolonging medication in cases containing different potential risk factor ( s ) for torsade de pointes ( TdP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Prospective case - based evaluation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : Academic medical center with 320 beds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUBJECTS : Medical house staff ( MDs ) and ICU nurses ( RNs ) from one center and select critical care pharmacists ( PHs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTION : Completion of a survey containing 10 hypothetical ICU cases in which patients had agitated delirium for which a psychiatrist recommended intravenous haloperidol 5 mg every 6 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each case contained different potential risk factor ( s ) for TdP in specific combinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of five EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol use was safe in five cases and not safe in five cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS : For each case , participants were asked to document whether they would administer haloperidol , to provide a rationale for their decision , and to state their level of confidence in that decision .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most clinicians ( 92 of 115 [ 80 % ] ) invited to participate completed the cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the five cases where EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol was not safe , 29 % of respondents felt that haloperidol was safe .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , in the five cases where EP cardiologists felt haloperidol was safe , 21 % of respondents believed that it was not safe .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall respondent - EP cardiologist agreement for haloperidol use across the 10 cases was moderate ( kappa = 0 . 51 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MDs and PHs were in agreement with the EP cardiologists more than RNs ( p = 0 . 03 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interprofessional variability existed for the TdP risk factors each best identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinician confidence correlated with EP cardiologist concordance for MDs ( p = 0 . 002 ) and PHs ( p = 0 . 0002 ) , but not for RNs ( p = 0 . 69 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : When evaluating use of a QTc interval - prolonging medication , ICU clinicians often fail to identify the TdP risk factors that EP cardiologists feel should prevent its use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinician - EP cardiologist concordance varies by the specific risk factor ( s ) for TdP and the ICU professional conducting the assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - Purity Prostate Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation by a Polymer Nanofiber - Embedded Microchip for Whole Exome Sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Handpick single cancer cells : A modified NanoVelcro Chip is coupled with ArcturusXT laser capture microdissection ( LCM ) technology to enable the detection and isolation of single circulating tumor cells ( CTCs ) from patients with prostate cancer ( PC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This new approach paves the way for conducting next - generation sequencing ( NGS ) on single CTCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid Improvement of Diabetes After Gastric Bypass Surgery : Is It the Diet or Surgery ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEImprovements in diabetes after Roux - en - Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) often occur days after surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgically induced hormonal changes and the restrictive postoperative diet are proposed mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the contribution of caloric restriction versus surgically induced changes to glucose homeostasis in the immediate postoperative period . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPatients with type 2 diabetes planning to undergo RYGB participated in a prospective two - period study ( each period involved a 10 - day inpatient stay and periods were separated by a minimum of 6 weeks of wash - out ) in which patients served as their own controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presurgery period consisted of diet alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The postsurgery period was matched in all aspects ( daily matched diet ) and included RYGB surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose measurements were performed every 4 h throughout the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mixed meal challenge test was performed before and after each period . RESULTSTen patients completed the study and had the following characteristics : age , 53 . 2 years ( 95 % CI , 48 . 0 - 58 . 4 ) ; BMI , 51 . 2 kg / m ( 2 ) ( 46 . 1 - 56 . 4 ) ; diabetes duration , 7 . 4 years ( 4 . 8 - 10 . 0 ) ; and HbA1c , 8 . 52 % ( 7 . 08 - 9 . 96 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients lost 7 . 3 kg ( 8 . 1 - 6 . 5 ) during the presurgery period versus 4 . 0 kg ( 6 . 2 - 1 . 7 ) during the postsurgery period ( P = 0 . 01 between periods ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily glycemia in the presurgery period was significantly lower ( 1 , 293 . 58 mg / dL * day [ 1 , 096 . 83 - 1 , 490 . 33 ) vs . 1 , 478 . 80 mg / dL * day [ 1 , 277 . 47 - 1 , 680 . 13 ] ) compared with the postsurgery period ( P = 0 . 02 between periods ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improvements in the fasting and maximum poststimulation glucose and 6 - h glucose area under the curve ( primary outcome ) were similar during both periods . CONCLUSIONSGlucose homeostasis improved in response to a reduced caloric diet , with a greater effect observed in the absence of surgery as compared with after RYGB .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "CONCLUSIONSGlucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that reduced calorie ingestion can explain the marked improvement in diabetes control observed after RYGB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural basis for activation of ZAP - 70 by phosphorylation of the SH2 - kinase linker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serial activation of the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP - 70 initiates signaling downstream of the T - cell receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We had previously reported the structure of an autoinhibited ZAP - 70 variant in which two regulatory tyrosine residues ( 315 and 319 ) in the SH2 - kinase linker were replaced by phenylalanine .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now present the crystal structure of ZAP - 70 in which Tyr 315 and Tyr 319 are not mutated , leading to the recognition of a five - residue sequence register error in the SH2 - kinase linker of the original crystallographic model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The revised model identifies distinct roles for these two tyrosines .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As seen in a recently reported structure of the related tyrosine kinase Syk , Tyr 315 of ZAP - 70 is part of a hydrophobic interface between the regulatory apparatus and the kinase domain , and the integrity of this interface would be lost upon engagement of doubly - phosphorylated peptides by the SH2 domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tyr 319 is not necessarily dislodged by SH2 engagement , which activates ZAP - 70 by only ~ 5 - fold in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , phosphorylation by Lck activates ZAP - 70 by ~ 100 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference is due to the ability of Tyr 319 to suppress ZAP - 70 activity even when the SH2 domains are dislodged from the kinase domain , providing stringent control of ZAP - 70 activity downstream of Lck .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser welding of ruptured intestinal tissue using plasmonic polypeptide nanocomposite solders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 1 . 5 million people suffer from colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease in the United States .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occurrence of leakage following standard surgical anastomosis in intestinal and colorectal surgery is common and can cause infection leading to life - threatening consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we demonstrate that plasmonic nanocomposites , generated from elastin - like polypeptides ( ELPs ) cross - linked with gold nanorods , can be used to weld ruptured intestinal tissue upon exposure to near - infrared ( NIR ) laser irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical properties of these nanocomposites can be modulated based on the concentration of gold nanorods embedded within the ELP matrix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We employed photostable , NIR - absorbing cellularized and noncellularized GNR - ELP nanocomposites for ex vivo laser welding of ruptured porcine small intestines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laser welding using the nanocomposites significantly enhanced the tensile strength , leakage pressure , and bursting pressure of ruptured intestinal tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This , in turn , provided a liquid - tight seal against leakage of luminal liquid from the intestine and resulting bacterial infection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates the utility of laser tissue welding using plasmonic polypeptide nanocomposites and indicates the translational potential of these materials in intestinal and colorectal repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioinspired Water - Enhanced Mechanical Gradient Nanocomposite Films That Mimic the Architecture and Properties of the Squid Beak .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspired by the water - enhanced mechanical gradient character of the squid beak , we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both the architecture and properties of this interesting natural material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to the squid beak , we have developed nanocomposites where the degree of cross - linking is controlled along the length of the film .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we utilized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals as the nanofiller that are functionalized with allyl moieties .", "entity": [{"entity": "allyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using photoinduced thiol - ene chemistry , we have been able to cross - link the CNC nanofiller .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the dry state where strong CNC interactions can occur , only a small mechanical contrast is observed between the cross - linked and uncross - linked samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when the films are exposed to water , which \" switches off \" the noncovalent CNC interactions , a significant mechanical contrast is observed between the same films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , at 20 wt % CNC ( in the dry film ) , an increase in wet modulus from 60 to 300 MPa ( ~ 500 % increase ) is observed after photoirradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we show that the wet modulus can be controlled by altering the UV exposure time which allows access to mechanical gradient films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multitarget Global Sensitivity Analysis of n - Butanol Combustion .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - Butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A model for the combustion of butanol is studied using a recently developed theoretical method for the systematic improvement of the kinetic mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The butanol mechanism includes 1446 reactions , and we demonstrate that it is straightforward and computationally feasible to implement a full global sensitivity analysis incorporating all the reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we extend our previous analysis of ignition - delay targets to include species targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of species and ignition targets leads to multitarget global sensitivity analysis , which allows for a more complete mechanism validation procedure than we previously implemented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inclusion of species sensitivity analysis allows for a direct comparison between reaction pathway analysis and global sensitivity analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , Synthesis , Biological Evaluation , and Docking Studies of ( S ) - Phenylalanine Derivatives with a 2 - Cyanopyrrolidine Moiety as Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - Phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 89]}, {"entity": "2 - Cyanopyrrolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel series of ( S ) - phenylalanine derivatives with a 2 - cyanopyrrolidine moiety were designed and synthesized through a rational drug design strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "2 - cyanopyrrolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ( DPP - 4 ) inhibitors , among them , the cyclopropyl - substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP - 4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0 . 247 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclopropyl - substituted phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , molecular docking analysis of the representative compounds 11h , 11k , and 15a were performed , which not only revealed the impact of binding modes on DPP - 4 inhibitory activity , but also provided additional methodological values for design and optimization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITION AFFECTS SODIUM IODIDE SYMPORTER ( NIS ) EXPRESSION AND INDUCES (1) (3) (1) I CYTOTOXICITY IN ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER CELLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "SODIUM IODIDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "(1) (3) (1) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Anaplastic thyroid cancers ( ATC ) represent only 1 - 2 % of all thyroid tumors , but they account for up to 50 % of the mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas is well standardized and the use of radioiodine represents an essential step ; in contrast , there is no standardized therapeutic approach for anaplastic tumors and their prognosis is poor .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resistance of anaplastic thyroid cancer to radioiodine treatment is principally due to the absence of expression of the sodium iodide symporter ( NIS ) , mainly due to epigenetic silencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "sodium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acetylation status of histones is involved in the epigenetic control of gene expression and is usually disrupted in advanced thyroid cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been demonstrated as potent anticancer drugs with several different effects on cell viability and differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Stabilized anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines ( BHT - 101 and CAL - 62 ) and primary cultures from patients who underwent thyroidectomy for anaplastic thyroid cancer were treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LBH589", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After treatment , we evaluated the expression and function of NIS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression was evaluated by real - time PCR ( RT - PCR ) ; NIS promoter activity was determined with a luciferase reporter assay ; and protein expression was assessed through immunofluorescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested the protein function by 125I uptake and efflux experiments ; finally the cytotoxic effect of 131I was determined with a clonogenic assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "125I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "131I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Our results demonstrate that treatment with LBH589 leads to NIS RNA expression as shown by RT - PCR and luciferase assay , and to protein expression as determined by immunofluorescence in vitro and by immunohistochemistry in xenograft tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "LBH589", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 125I uptake and efflux experiments show the correct protein function and iodine retention , that translate into cytotoxicity effects , as demonstrated by a clonogenic assay with 131I .", "entity": [{"entity": "125I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "131I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : This study supplies a new potential strategy for the treatment of ATC by modifying gene expression with the aim of inducing responsiveness towards radioiodine therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adhesion and Nanomechanics of Pili from the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of the mechanisms by which bacterial pili adhere to host cells and withstand external forces is critical to our understanding of their functional roles and offers exciting avenues in biomedicine for controlling the adhesion of bacterial pathogens and probiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While much progress has been made in the nanoscale characterization of pili from Gram - negative bacteria , the adhesive and mechanical properties of Gram - positive bacterial pili remain largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we use single - molecule atomic force microscopy to unravel the binding mechanism of pili from the probiotic Gram - positive bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ( LGG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , we show that SpaC , the key adhesion protein of the LGG pilus , is a multifunctional adhesin with broad specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SpaC forms homophilic trans - interactions engaged in bacterial aggregation and specifically binds mucin and collagen , two major extracellular components of host epithelial layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homophilic and heterophilic interactions display similar binding strengths and dissociation rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next , pulling experiments on living bacteria demonstrate that LGG pili exhibit two unique mechanical responses , that is , zipper - like adhesion involving multiple SpaC molecules distributed along the pilus length and nanospring properties enabling pili to resist high force .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mechanical properties may represent a generic mechanism among Gram - positive bacterial pili for strengthening adhesion and withstanding shear stresses in the natural environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single - molecule experiments presented here may help us to design molecules capable of promoting or inhibiting bacterial - host interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using whole mount in situ hybridization to examine thyroid hormone deiodinase expression in embryonic and larval zebrafish : A tool for examining OH - BDE toxicity to early life stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "OH - BDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs ) and their oxidative metabolites ( hydroxylated PBDEs ; OH - BDEs ) are known endocrine disrupting contaminants that have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone regulation both in mammals and in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "hydroxylated PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "OH - BDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the precise organ and tissue locations that express genes critical to thyroid hormone regulation in developing zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) , and to determine the effects of an OH - BDE on their expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "OH - BDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While RT - PCR can provide quantitative data on gene expression , it lacks spatial sensitivity to examine localized gene expression ; and , isolation of organs from zebrafish embryos is technically difficult , if not impossible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this reason , the present study used whole mount in situ hybridization to simultaneously localize and quantify gene expression in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While PBDEs and OH - BDEs have been shown to inhibit the activity and expression of deiodionases , a family of enzymes that regulate thyroid hormone concentrations intracellularly , it is unclear whether or not they can affect regional expression of the different isoforms during early development .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "OH - BDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated deiodinase 1 ( Dio1 ) , deiodinase 2 ( Dio2 ) , and deiodinase 3 ( Dio3 ) mRNA expression at the following life stages ( 2 , 8 , and 1k - cells ; 50 % - epiboly , 6 and 18 - somites , 22 , 24 , 48 , 72 hpf and / or 10 dpf ) in zebrafish and found life stage specific expression of these genes that were highly localized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To demonstrate the use of this technique for investigating potential endocrine disrupting effects , zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 , 10 and 100nM 6 - OH - BDE - 47 .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - OH - BDE - 47", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant increases in mean intensity of Dio1 and Dio3 expression in the periventricular zone of brain and pronephric duct , respectively ( quantified by measuring intensity of coloration using ImageJ analysis software ) were observed , suggesting localized response at the HPT axis with the possibility of impacting neurodevelopment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate effects of OH - BDEs on thyroid regulating gene expression and provide more insight into potential sites of injury during early life stages .", "entity": [{"entity": "OH - BDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transport Function and Transcriptional Regulation of a Liver - Enriched Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 Transcriptional Start Site Variant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 ( OATP2B1 ) is a membrane transporter that facilitates the cellular uptake of a number of endogenous compounds and drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OATP2B1 is widely expressed in tissues including the small intestine , liver , kidney , placenta , heart , skeletal muscle and platelets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , it has been shown that differential promoter usage in tissues results in expression of five OATP2B1 transcriptional start site variants which utilize distinct first exons but share common subsequent exons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These variants are expected to encode either a full length ( OATP2B1 - FL ) or shortened protein lacking 22 N - terminus amino acids ( OATP2B - Short ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 109]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little is known regarding the transport activity and regulation of OATP2B1 variants with N - terminus truncation .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , using absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction we find the full length variant is the major form expressed in duodenum but the short variant predominates in liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a transient heterologous cell expression system , we find that the transport activities of the short OATP2B1 variant towards substrates estrone sulfate and rosuvastatin are similar to the well - characterized full length variant .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrone sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 157]}, {"entity": "rosuvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activity screening of the liver enriched OATP2B1 variant promoter identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4 alpha ) as a novel transacting factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a combination of in silico screening , promoter mutation in cell - based reporter assays , siRNA knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies , we identified a functional HNF4 alpha binding site close to the transcription start site ( - 17 to - 4 bp ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the major OATP2B1 protein form in liver is transport competent and its hepatic expression is regulated by HNF4 alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide association study in a Chinese population identifies a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes at 7q32 near PAX4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS / HYPOTHESIS : Most genetic variants identified for type 2 diabetes have been discovered in European populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed genome - wide association studies ( GWAS ) in a Chinese population with the aim of identifying novel variants for type 2 diabetes in Asians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We performed a meta - analysis of three GWAS comprising 684 patients with type 2 diabetes and 955 controls of Southern Han Chinese descent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We followed up the top signals in two independent Southern Han Chinese cohorts ( totalling 10 , 383 cases and 6 , 974 controls ) , and performed in silico replication in multiple populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We identified CDKN2A / B and four novel type 2 diabetes association signals with p < 1 x 10 ( - 5 ) from the meta - analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen variants within these four loci were followed up in two independent Chinese cohorts , and rs10229583 at 7q32 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in a combined analysis of 11 , 067 cases and 7 , 929 controls ( p meta = 2 . 6 x 10 ( - 8 ) ; OR [ 95 % CI ] 1 . 18 [ 1 . 11 , 1 . 25 ] ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico replication revealed consistent associations across multiethnic groups , including five East Asian populations ( p meta = 2 . 3 x 10 ( - 10 ) ) and a population of European descent ( p = 8 . 6 x 10 ( - 3 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rs10229583 risk variant was associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose , impaired beta cell function in controls , and an earlier age at diagnosis for the cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel variant lies within an islet - selective cluster of open regulatory elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was significant heterogeneity of effect between Han Chinese and individuals of European descent , Malaysians and Indians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS / INTERPRETATION : Our study identifies rs10229583 near PAX4 as a novel locus for type 2 diabetes in Chinese and other populations and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disrupting the scaffold to improve focal adhesion kinase - targeted cancer therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal adhesion kinase ( FAK ) is emerging as a promising cancer target because it is highly expressed at both the transcriptional and translational level in cancer and is involved in many aspects of tumor growth , invasion , and metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Existing FAK - based therapeutics focus on inhibiting the kinase ' s catalytic function and not the large scaffold it creates that includes many oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases and tumor suppressor proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting the FAK scaffold is a feasible and promising approach for developing highly specific therapeutics that disrupt FAK signaling pathways in cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ERP evidence suggests executive dysfunction in ecstasy polydrug users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Deficits in executive functions such as access to semantic / long - term memory have been shown in ecstasy users in previous research .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equally , there have been many reports of equivocal findings in this area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study sought to further investigate behavioural and electro - physiological measures of this executive function in ecstasy users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Twenty ecstasy - polydrug users , 20 non - ecstasy - polydrug users and 20 drug - na i ve controls were recruited .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants completed background questionnaires about their drug use , sleep quality , fluid intelligence and mood state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each individual also completed a semantic retrieval task whilst 64 channel Electroencephalography ( EEG ) measures were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) revealed no between - group differences in behavioural performance on the task .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixed ANOVA on event - related potential ( ERP ) components P2 , N2 and P3 revealed significant between - group differences in the N2 component .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent exploratory univariate ANOVAs on the N2 component revealed marginally significant between - group differences , generally showing greater negativity at occipito - parietal electrodes in ecstasy users compared to drug - na i ve controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite absence of behavioural differences , differences in N2 magnitude are evidence of abnormal executive functioning in ecstasy - polydrug users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro read - through of phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PAH ) nonsense mutations using aminoglycosides : a potential therapy for phenylketonuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylketonuria ( PKU , OMIM 261600 ) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism , predominantly caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PAH ) gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 10 % of patients carry a nonsense mutation , which results in an inactive or unstable truncated protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some genetic disorders , including cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy , restoration of full - length protein has been achieved by aminoglycoside antibiotics , such as gentamicin and G - 418 ( Geneticin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "G - 418", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 205]}, {"entity": "Geneticin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More recently , nonsense read - through has been induced at greater rates using a non - aminoglycoside drug , PTC124 ( Ataluren ) , which has the advantage of being non - toxic in contrast to the antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "PTC124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "Ataluren", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficacy of read - through induced by three compounds , aminoglycosides G418 and gentamicin , and PTC124 were evaluated for four nonsense mutations of PAH in an in vitro expression system in two mammalian cell lines ( COS - 7 and HEK293 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "G418", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "PTC124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of full - length PAH was investigated using western blotting and the functionality confirmed by enzyme activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gentamicin and G - 418 induced read - through of nonsense PAH mutations in HEK293 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "G - 418", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The read - through product partially restored enzymatic activity , which was significantly less than that of wild - type , but comparable to a missense mutation of PAH associated with less severe forms of PKU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with PTC124 up to 100 mu M did not result in full - length PAH polypeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTC124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsense read - through drugs are a potential form of treatment for PKU , although the high dosage of aminoglycosides used is not appropriate in a clinical setting .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro studies with new non - toxic read - through agents as well as in vivo studies would also be essential to determine the extent of read - through required to restore normal phenylalanine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implication of circulating omentin - 1 level on the arterial stiffening in type 2 diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Omentin - 1 is an adipokine implicated in diabetes , inflammation , and cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no prospective studies have examined the impact of circulating omentin - 1 levels on arterial stiffening in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the purpose of this study , we recruited 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and measured serum omentin - 1 , adiponectin , and high - sensitivity C - reactive protein levels as well as other cardiovascular risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in the level of circulating omentin - 1 over a period of 1 year was positively correlated with changes in levels of HbA1c and serum adiponectin as well as baPWV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects with higher baseline serum omentin - 1 levels tended to have a reduced arterial stiffness after 1 year ( P for linear trend = 0 . 03 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the group with increased baPWV after 1 year , the magnitude of increase of circulating omentin - 1 levels was significantly higher than in the group with a lower baPWV after 1 year ( 134 . 3 [ 16 . 6 , 277 . 1 ] ng / mL vs . 15 . 9 [ - 67 . 6 , 145 . 7 ] ng / mL , P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in systolic blood pressure and an increase in serum omentin - 1 level were independently correlated with arterial stiffening , even after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors and medication history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baseline serum omentin - 1 levels can predict arterial stiffness changes occurring within a year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , changes in serum omentin - 1 levels after a year can function as independent markers of arterial stiffening in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ( HGPIN ) and topographical distribution in 1 , 374 prostatectomy specimens : Existence of HGPIN near prostate cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : High - grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( HGPIN ) is believed to be a precursor of prostate cancer ( PCa ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study evaluated whether HGPIN was located close to PCa in whole radical prostatectomy specimens ( RPSs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We evaluated 1 , 374 prostate specimens from 1999 to 2010 using a cMDX - based map model of the prostate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution of 10 , 439 PCa foci was analyzed and visualized on a heat map .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The color gradient of the heat map was reduced to six colors representing the frequency classification of the relative frequency of PCa using an image posterization effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We defined 22 regions in the prostate according to the frequency of PCa occurrence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven hundred ninety RPSs containing 6 , 374 PCa foci and 4 , 502 HGPIN foci were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The topographical association between PCa and HGPIN in the RPSs was analyzed by estimating the frequencies of PCa and HGPIN in 22 regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the odds ratios of HGPIN for the presence of PCa in 22 regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Fifty - eight percent of PCa specimens included HGPIN and had significantly more favorable Gleason scores , lower PSA levels and smaller relative tumor volumes than isolated PCa specimens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGPIN ( 68 % ) and PCa ( 69 % ) were predominantly localized to the apical half of the prostate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HGPIN was mainly concentrated in the peripheral zone medial to regions with high PCa frequencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon logistic regression analysis , HGPIN was a significant predictor of PCa co - existence in 11 regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : HGPIN was located adjacent to PCa in whole RPSs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCa concomitant with HGPIN had more favorable pathologic features than isolated PCa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Joubert Syndrome Associated Missense Mutation ( V443D ) in the Abelson - helper Integration Site 1 ( AHI1 ) Protein Alters Its Localization and Protein - Protein Interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in AHI1 cause Joubert syndrome ( JBTS ) , a neurodevelopmental ciliopathy , characterized by midbrain - hindbrain malformations and motor / cognitive deficits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that primary cilia ( PC ) formation is decreased in fibroblasts from individuals with JBTS and AHI1 mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most missense mutations in AHI1 , causing JBTS , occur in known protein domains , however , a common V443D mutation in AHI1 is found in a region with no known protein motifs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that cells transfected with AHI1 - V443D , or a new JBTS - causing mutation , AHI1 - R351L , have aberrant localization of AHI1 at the basal bodies of PC and at cell - cell junctions , likely through decreased binding of mutant AHI1 to NPHP1 ( another JBTS - causing protein ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AHI1 - V443D mutation causes decreased AHI1 stability , since there is a 50 % reduction in AHI1 - V443D protein levels compared to wildtype AHI1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Huntingtin - associated protein - 1 ( Hap1 ) is a regulatory protein that binds Ahi1 , and Hap1 knockout mice have been reported to have JBTS - like phenotypes , suggesting a role for Hap1 in ciliogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibroblasts and neurons with Hap1 deficiency form PC with normal growth factor - induced ciliary signaling , indicating that the Hap1 JBTS - phenotype is likely not through effects at PC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results also suggest that the binding of Ahi1 and Hap1 may not be critical for ciliary function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we show that HAP1 has decreased binding to AHI1 - V443D indicating that this altered binding could be responsible for the JBTS - like phenotype through an unknown pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , these JBTS - associated missense mutations alter their subcellular distribution and protein interactions , compromising functions of AHI1 in cell polarity and cilium - mediated signaling , thereby contributing to JBTS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioimaging real - time PXR - dependent mdr1a gene regulation in mdr1a . fLUC reporter mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MDR1 gene encodes P - glycoprotein , a transmembrane drug efflux transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells and affects drug pharmacokinetics by virtue of its expression in the liver , kidney , and colon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear receptors SXR and CAR are possible master regulators of xenobiotic - inducible MDR1 expression in drug processing organs , but the mechanism of MDR1 regulation has yet to be directly demonstrated in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , it has previously been impossible to determine the sustained or cumulative effect of repeated doses of xenobiotics on in vivo MDR1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported a mouse model containing firefly luciferase ( fLUC ) knocked into the mdr1a genomic locus , allowing non - invasive bioimaging of intestinal mdr1a gene expression in live animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , we crossed mdr1a . fLUC mice into the pxr knockout ( pxr ( - / - ) ) genetic background and injected mice with pregnenolone - 16 alpha - carbonitrile ( PCN ) , a strong PXR ligand , and two therapeutically relevant taxanes , paclitaxel and docetaxel .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnenolone - 16 alpha - carbonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 172]}, {"entity": "PCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "taxanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 245]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 258]}, {"entity": "docetaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three agents induced mdr1a . fLUC expression ( bioluminescence ) , but only PCN and docetaxel appeared to act primarily via PXR .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "docetaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Luminescence returned to baseline by 24 - 48 hrs after drug injection and was re - inducible over two additional rounds of drug dosing in pxr ( + / + ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCPOBOP , a CAR ligand , modestly induced mdr1a . fLUC in pxr ( + / + ) and pxr ( - / - ) strains , consistent with CAR ' s minor role in mdr1a regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCPOBOP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collectively , these results demonstrate that the mdr1a . fLUC bioimaging model can capture changes in mdr1 gene expression under conditions of repeated xenobiotic treatment in vivo and that it can be used to probe the mechanism of gene regulation in response to different xenobiotic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SpecDis : quantifying the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article outlines theory and practice of the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism ( ECD ) curves to determine the absolute configuration of chiral molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The focus is on the evaluation of excited - state calculations giving hints at the identification of the correct bandwidth and the application of the so - called \" UV shift \" as a correction factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similarity factor is introduced , which helps to quantify the degree of matching of curves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a few common errors are described that can be made during the measurements of ECD and UV spectra - and advice is given of how to avoid these mistakes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All equations mentioned in the article are implemented in our SpecDis software , which has been developed to rapidly compare calculated ECD and UV curves with experimental ones , and to produce graphics in publication quality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "O - heterocyclic embeurekols from Embellisia eureka , an endophyte of Cladanthus arabicus .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - heterocyclic embeurekols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new polyketides ( ( - ) - 1 , ( + ) - 1 , and 2 ) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fungus Embellisia eureka , an endophyte of the Moroccan plant Cladanthus arabicus ( Asteraceae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtOAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these new compounds were determined on the basis of one - and two - dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as by high - resolution mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute configurations of ( - ) - 1 , ( + ) - 1 , and 2 were determined by TDDFT ECD calculations of solution conformers , online HPLC - ECD analysis , and the modified Mosher method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased activin bioavailability enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity while inducing hepatic steatosis in male mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of insulin resistance is tightly linked to fatty liver disease and is considered a major health concern worldwide , although their mechanistic relationship remains controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activin has emerging roles in nutrient homeostasis but its metabolic effects on hepatocytes remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of increased endogenous activin bioactivity on hepatic nutrient homeostasis by creating mice with inactivating mutations that deplete the circulating activin antagonists , follistatin like - 3 ( FSTL3 ) or the follistatin 315 isoform ( FST315 ; FST288 - only mice ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated liver histology and lipid content , hepatic insulin sensitivity , and metabolic gene expression including the HepG2 cell and primary hepatocyte response to activin treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both FSTL3KO and FST288 - only mice had extensive hepatic steatosis and elevated hepatic triglyceride ( TG ) content .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unexpectedly , insulin signaling , as assessed by phospho - AKT , was enhanced in both mouse models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with activin A increased their response to subsequent insulin challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression analysis suggests that increased lipid uptake , enhanced de novo lipid synthesis , decreased lipolysis and / or enhanced glucose uptake contribute to increased hepatic TG content in these models .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , activin treatment recapitulated only some of these gene changes suggesting that increased activin bioactivity may be only partially responsible for this phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , our results indicate that activin enhances hepatocyte insulin response which ultimately leads to hepatic steatosis despite the increased insulin sensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , regulation of activin bioactivity is critical for maintaining normal liver lipid homeostasis and response to insulin while activin agonists may be useful for increasing liver insulin sensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculation of Electron Transfer Rates Using Mixed Quantum Classical Approaches : Nonadiabatic Limit and Beyond .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate the applicability of the Ehrenfest and surface hopping methods to calculate electron transfer rates using the spin - boson model with different parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rate constants are obtained from short time dynamics performed in both the diabatic and adiabatic basis sets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerical results and theoretical analysis show that these two methods can be reasonably accurate in the nonadiabatic limit , by staying close to an approximate Fermi ' s golden rule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond the nonadiabatic limit , the calculated mixed quantum classical rates are compared with numerical exact results , and similar accuracy was found as in the nonadiabatic limit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relation between the current finding and recent studies using the surface hopping method based on long time dynamics is also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that the short time dynamics could be more accurate in calculating rate constants using the mixed quantum classical methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of surface charge density on the affinity of oxide nanoparticles for the vapor - water interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using in - situ X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the vapor - water interface , the affinity of nanometer - sized silica colloids to adsorb at the interface is shown to depend on colloid surface charge density .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In aqueous suspensions at pH 10 corrected Debye - H u ckel theory for surface complexation calculations predict that smaller silica colloids have increased negative surface charge density that originates from enhanced screening of deprotonated silanol groups ( = Si - O ( - ) ) by counterions in the condensed ion layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "silanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 251]}, {"entity": "= Si - O ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased negative surface charge density results in an electrostatic repulsion from the vapor - water interface that is seen to a lesser extent for larger particles that have a reduced charge density in the XPS measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compare the results and interpretation of the in - situ XPS and corrected Debye - H u ckel theory for surface complexation calculations with traditional surface tension measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that controlling the surface charge density of colloid particles can regulate their adsorption to the interface between two dielectrics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional penning ionization electron spectroscopy of open - shell metallocenes : outer valence ionic States of vanadocene and nickelocene .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallocenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "vanadocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "nickelocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to investigate outer valence ionic states of open - shell metallocenes , we have applied two - dimensional collision - energy / electron - energy - resolved Penning ionization electron spectroscopy ( 2D - PIES ) upon collision with metastable He * ( 2 ( 3 ) S ) excited atoms as well as a high level ab initio molecular orbital calculation ( the partial third - order quasiparticle theory of the electron propagator ( P3 ) ) to ionization from neutral ground states of vanadocene ( ( 4 ) A2g ) and nickelocene ( ( 3 ) A2g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallocenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 254]}, {"entity": "vanadocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [478, 488]}, {"entity": "nickelocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [507, 518]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assignments of observed Penning ionization electron / He I ultraviolet photoelectron spectra were consistent with the P3 calculation results for ionization of alpha and beta spin electrons except for electron correlation bands observed by PIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negative collision energy dependence of partial Penning ionization cross - sections ( CEDPICS ) indicate attractive interaction with He * ( 2 ( 3 ) S ) around the molecule .", "entity": [{"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results by model potential calculation utilizing Li ( 2 ( 2 ) S ) instead of He * ( 2 ( 3 ) S ) for interaction between He * ( 2 ( 3 ) S ) and open - shell metallocenes do not explain the strong negative CEDPICS of the bands observed in PIES .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "metallocenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antifreeze ( Glyco ) protein Mimetic Behavior of Poly ( vinyl alcohol ) : Detailed Structure Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This manuscript reports a detailed study on the ability of poly ( vinyl alcohol ) to act as a biomimetic surrogate for antifreeze ( glyco ) proteins , with a focus on the specific property of ice - recrystallization inhibition ( IRI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite over 40 years of study , the underlying mechanisms that govern the action of biological antifreezes are still poorly understood , which is in part due to their limited availability and challenging synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( vinyl alcohol ) ( PVA ) has been shown to display remarkable ice recrystallization inhibition activity despite its major structural differences to native antifreeze proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( vinyl alcohol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , controlled radical polymerization is used to synthesize well - defined PVA , which has enabled us to obtain the first quantitative structure - activity relationships , to probe the role of molecular weight and comonomers on IRI activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crucially , it was found that IRI activity is \" switched on \" when the polymer chain length increases from 10 and 20 repeat units .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substitution of the polymer side chains with hydrophilic or hydrophobic units was found to diminish activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrophobic modifications to the backbone were slightly more tolerated than side chain modifications , which implies an unbroken sequence of hydroxyl units is necessary for activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results highlight that , although hydrophobic domains are key components of IRI activity , the random inclusion of addition hydrophobic units does not guarantee an increase in activity and that the actual polymer conformation is important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin Sensitization of Epoxyaldehydes : Importance of Conjugation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epoxyaldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) models are important tools for predicting the skin sensitization potential of new compounds without animal testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In compounds possessing a structural alert ( aldehyde ) and an activation alert ( double bond ) , it is important to consider bioactivation / autoxidation ( e . g . , epoxidation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we have explored a series of aldehydes with regard to contact allergy .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical reactivity of these 6 aldehydes toward a model hexapeptide was investigated , and their skin sensitization potencies were evaluated using the local lymph node assay ( LLNA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , we observed a similar trend for the in vitro reactivity and the in vivo sensitization potency for the structural analogues in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highly reactive conjugated aldehydes ( alpha , beta - unsaturated aldehydes and 2 , 3 - epoxyaldehydes ) are sensitizing moieties , while nonconjugated aldehydes and nonterminal aliphatic epoxides show low reactivity and low sensitization potency .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "alpha , beta - unsaturated aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 79]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 - epoxyaldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 106]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "epoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data show the importance of not only double bond conjugation to aldehyde but also epoxide - aldehyde conjugation .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observations indicate that the formation of nonconjugated epoxides by bioactivation or autoxidation is not sufficient to significantly increase the sensitization potency of weakly sensitizing parent compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "epoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monomeric PcrA helicase processively unwinds plasmid lengths of DNA in the presence of the initiator protein RepD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The helicase PcrA unwinds DNA during asymmetric replication of plasmids , acting with an initiator protein , in our case RepD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed kinetics of PcrA activity were measured using bulk solution and a single - molecule imaging technique to investigate the oligomeric state of the active helicase complex , its processivity and the mechanism of unwinding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By tethering either DNA or PcrA to a microscope coverslip surface , unwinding of both linear and natural circular plasmid DNA by PcrA / RepD was followed in real - time using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Visualization was achieved using a fluorescent single - stranded DNA - binding protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The single - molecule data show that PcrA , in combination with RepD , can unwind plasmid lengths of DNA in a single run , and that PcrA is active as a monomer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the average rate of unwinding was similar in single - molecule and bulk solution assays , the single - molecule experiments revealed a wide distribution of unwinding speeds by different molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average rate of unwinding was several - fold slower than the PcrA translocation rate on single - stranded DNA , suggesting that DNA unwinding may proceed via a partially passive mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the fastest dsDNA unwinding rates measured in the single - molecule unwinding assays approached the PcrA translocation speed measured on ssDNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of the anti - proliferative and anti - inflammatory effects of the herbal fixed combination STW 5 ( Iberogast ( (R) ) ) on colon adenocarcinoma ( HT29 ) cells in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Several conventional pharmaceuticals like non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDS ) or selective cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) inhibitors have been demonstrated to exert anti - proliferative effects and to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines , e . g . colon , stomach , or prostate cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STW 5 ( Iberogast ( (R) ) ) , a combination of nine plant extracts , is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders , including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome for which the involvement of an inflammatory etiology is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate the possible anti - proliferative effects , STW 5 and its components have been tested by using the colon - carcinoma cell line HT - 29 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyses have been performed in comparison to acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ) and diclofenac ( Diclo ) , which are well - known to reduce colon carcinoma risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylsalicylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "ASA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "Diclo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : STW 5 showed significant anti - proliferative and pro - apoptotic effects on HT - 29 cancer cells , similar to NSAIDs under test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , using the LDH assay , STW 5 revealed significantly lower cytotoxicity than Diclo at same concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diclo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to NSAIDs , STW 5 induced COX - 1 / COX - 2 , caspase - 3 and Bax mRNA expressions in HT - 29 and blocked LPS mediated translocation of the NF - kappa B p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in PMA - differentiated THP - 1 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects might be relevant , e . g . for prevention of undesirable side effects like gastric erosions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that the pro - apoptotic effect of STW 5 on HT - 29 cells is involving multiple targets and is possibly due to an activation of the caspase cascade via mitochondrial destabilization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active concentrations of STW 5 are , in relation to therapeutic doses , comparable to those of ASA and Diclo , suggesting a similar favorable effect on colon carcinoma risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "Diclo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cajaninstilbene acid ( CSA ) exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress through the Nrf2 - dependent antioxidant pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cajaninstilbene acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cajaninstilbene acid ( CSA ) , an active compound separated from pigeon pea leaves , possesses the highly efficient antioxidant activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cajaninstilbene acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcription factor nuclear factor - erythroid 2 - related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) is an important regulator of cellular oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the role of Nrf2 in CSA - mediated antioxidant effects on human hepatocarcinoma ( HepG2 ) cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The generation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) upon H2O2 and CSA treatment was lower than that of H2O2 alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CSA activated Nrf2 as evaluated by Western blotting .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A luciferase reporter assay also demonstrated that CSA - activated signaling resulted in the increased transcriptional activity of Nrf2 through binding to the antioxidant response element ( ARE ) enhancer sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study indicated that treatment of HepG2 cells with CSA induces Nrf2 - dependent ARE activity and gene expression of heme oxygenase - 1 ( HO - 1 ) , NAD ( P ) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( NQO1 ) , and glutamate - cysteine ligase modifier subunits by activation of PI3K / AKT , ERK and JNK signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 213]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Nrf2 by siRNA reduced CSA - induced upregulation of these Nrf2 - related enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the Nrf2 / ARE pathway plays an important role in the regulation of CSA - mediated antioxidant effects in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enantiocomplementary access to carba - analogs of C - nucleoside derivatives by recombinant Baeyer - Villiger monooxygenases .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel and stereoselective synthetic route towards carba - C - nucleosides was investigated applying an enantiodivergent biooxidation strategy by two different Baeyer - Villiger monooxygenases .", "entity": [{"entity": "carba - C - nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within only three chemo - enzymatic steps it was possible to introduce four chiral centers starting from commercially available non - chiral starting material .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of asenapine in clinical practice for the management of bipolar mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness associated with high levels of somatic morbidity , comorbidity and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment guidelines for bipolar mania generally recommend initiating first - line therapy with a second - generation antipsychotic or mood stabiliser , either alone or in combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asenapine is a second - generation antipsychotic with a unique receptor binding profile , licensed for the treatment of manic episodes in adults with bipolar I disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "' Real - world ' data are needed to complement evidence from clinical trials , in order to provide clinicians with pragmatic information regarding the likely risks and benefits of using a new agent in clinical practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence from real - world case reports demonstrates that - as in clinical trials - asenapine is effective in treating mania and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder , whether used as monotherapy or in combination with a mood stabiliser .", "entity": [{"entity": "asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has a rapid onset of antimanic effect and an early improvement is associated with treatment outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asenapine also shows promise in controlling depressive symptoms and clinically challenging mixed states .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asenapine has a favourable tolerability profile , compared with other first - line agents , having a minimal impact on weight and metabolic parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asenapine should be considered a first - line treatment option for adults with bipolar I disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Force nanoscopy of cell mechanics and cell adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli in their environment and have several evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to these cues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is becoming increasingly recognized that many cell types , from bacteria to mammalian cells , possess a diverse set of proteins to translate mechanical cues into biochemical signalling and to mediate cell surface interactions such as cell adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the mechanical properties of cells are involved in regulating cell function as well as serving as indicators of disease states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the recent development of biophysical tools and nanoscale methods has facilitated a deeper understanding of the role that physical forces play in modulating cell mechanics and cell adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we discuss how atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) has recently been used to investigate cell mechanics and cell adhesion at the single - cell and single - molecule levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This knowledge is critical to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern mechanosensing , mechanotransduction , and mechanoresponse in living cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While pushing living cells with the AFM tip provides a means to quantify their mechanical properties and examine their response to nanoscale forces , pulling single surface proteins with a functionalized tip allows one to understand their role in sensing and adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of these nanoscale techniques with modern molecular biology approaches , genetic engineering and optical microscopies provides a powerful platform for understanding the sophisticated functions of the cell surface machinery , and its role in the onset and progression of complex diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geographical differences in the prevalence of chronic polypharmacy in older people : eleven years of the EPIFARM - Elderly Project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To compare the geographical differences in the prevalence of chronic polypharmacy in community - dwelling older people over 11 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This study analyzed nearly two million patients aged 65 - 94 years recorded in the Drug Administrative Database of the Lombardy Region ( Northern Italy ) from 2000 to 2010 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more drugs in 1 month for at least 6 months ( consecutive or not ) in a year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There was a significant spatial autocorrelation that increased at the municipality level from 2000 ( Moran ' s I Index = 0 . 26 , z score = 16 . 91 , p < 0 . 0001 ) to 2010 ( Moran ' s I Index = 0 . 36 , z score = 23 . 78 , p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clusters of high ( Z ( G ) > 1 . 96 ) and low ( Z ( G ) < - 1 . 96 ) prevalence rates of chronic polypharmacy were found and were not influenced by age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic polypharmacy weakly correlated with hospital admission ( 2000 : rho = 0 . 08 , p = 0 . 0032 ; 2005 : rho = 0 . 11 , p < 0 . 0001 ; 2010 : rho = 0 . 18 , p < 0 . 0001 ) , but not with mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : There were geographical differences in the prevalence of older people with chronic polypharmacy that were only partly explained by health indicators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeted activities on prescription practice to ensure that the prescribing of chronic polypharmacy is appropriate are required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of gender difference on monocrotaline - induced pulmonary hypertension in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocrotaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to compare the effect of gender difference on hemodynamic consequences in the development of monocrotaline ( MCT ) - induced pulmonary hypertension in rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocrotaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of antioxidant enzyme systems on the development of pulmonary hypertension mediated by the phytotoxin MCT and the effect of gender on these antioxidant systems were also investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , the right ventricular pressures ( RVPs ) and right ventricular / heart weight ( HW ) ratios were compared between groups and the glutathione ( GSH ) level and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) and glutathione - S - transferase ( GST ) activities were determined in lung and liver tissue samples of rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 165]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 241]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RVP and right ventricular / HW ratios significantly increased in the MCT group compared to the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the MCT group , RVP was significantly higher in males than females .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCT - induced pulmonary hypertension resulted in decreased GSH level , decreased GST and SOD activities and increased CAT activity in lung and liver tissues of both male and female rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the lung and liver GSH level and GST and SOD levels were higher in female control rats compared to male control rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the present study , that antioxidant enzyme activities were different between the groups , highlight the possible role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of MCT - induced pulmonary hypertension in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the lower antioxidant defense capacity of male rats than female rats may be considered as a cause of more aggressive course of MCT - induced pulmonary hypertension in males compared to females .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of ropivacaine into the subarachnoid changes the ultrastructure and proteome of the rat spinal cord .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we investigated the impact of 1 . 0 % ropivacaine on the ultrastructure and proteome of the rat spinal cord .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats received three injections ( 90 - min intervals , 0 . 2 mL / kg ) of 0 . 9 % NaCl , 0 . 5 % ropivacaine or 1 . 0 % ropivacaine via an implanted intrathecal catheter .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmission electron microscopy was performed to exam the ultrastructure of the spinal cord .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry identification were carried out to investigate the proteome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the rats administered 1 . 0 % ropivacaine , deformed organelles , detached myelinated nerve fiber layer , and incomplete inner and outer shaft membranes were observed in the spinal cord and posterior root shrunken nuclei .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in the rat spinal cord 1 . 0 % ropivacaine induced the down - regulation of voltage - dependent anion channel 2 ( VDAC2 ) and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit alpha ( ODPA ) , the upregulation of myelin basic protein ( MBP ) , the disappearance of myelin transcription factor 1 ( MYT1 ) and the appearance of heat shock protein 25 ( HSP25 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little change was observed in the 0 . 5 % ropivacaine or control groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that 1 . 0 % ropivacaine treatment led to neurotoxicity , as shown by ultrastructural and proteomic changes in the rat spinal cord .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific proteins were identified that are implicated in 1 . 0 % ropivacaine - induced neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperature Dependence and Energetics of Single Ions at the Aqueous Liquid - Vapor Interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate temperature - dependence of free energetics with two single halide anions , I - and Cl - , crossing the aqueous liquid - vapor interface through molecular dynamics simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "halide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 92]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result shows that I - has a modest surface stability of 0 . 5 kcal / mol at 300 K and the stability decreases as the temperature increases , indicating the surface adsorption process for the anion is entropically disfavored .", "entity": [{"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , Cl - shows no such surface state at all temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decomposition of free energetics reveals that water - water interactions provide a favorable enthalpic contribution , while the desolvation of ion induces an increase in free energy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Calculations of surface fluctuations demonstrate that I - generates significantly greater interfacial fluctuations compared to Cl - .", "entity": [{"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 55]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluctuation is attributed to the malleability of the solvation shells , which allows for more long - ranged perturbations and solvent density redistribution induced by I - as the anion approaches the liquid - vapor interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in temperature of the solvent enhances the inherent thermally - excited fluctuations and consequently reduces the relative contribution from anion to surface fluctuations , which is consistent with the decrease in surface - stability of I - .", "entity": [{"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate a strong correlation with induced interfacial fluctuations and anion surface stability ; moreover , resulting temperature dependent behavior of induced fluctuations suggests the possibility of a critical level of induced fluctuations associated with surface stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Mechanism of the Inhibition of EGCG on the Alzheimer A beta 1 - 42 Dimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growing evidence supports that amyloid beta ( A beta ) oligomers are the major causative agents leading to neural cell death in Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polyphenol ( - ) - epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) was recently reported to inhibit A beta fibrillization and redirect A beta aggregation into unstructured , off - pathway oligomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "( - ) - epigallocatechin gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 47]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the experimental challenge to characterize the structures of A beta / EGCG complexes , we performed extensive atomistic replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of A beta 1 - 42 dimer in the present and absence of EGCG in explicit solvent .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our equilibrium A beta dimeric structures free of EGCG are consistent with the collision cross section from ion - mobility mass spectrometry and the secondary structure composition from circular dichroism experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of EGCG , the A beta structures are characterized by increased inter - center - of - mass distances , reduced interchain and intrachain contacts , reduced beta - sheet content , and increased coil and alpha - helix contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the free energy surfaces reveals that the A beta dimer with EGCG adopts new conformations , affecting therefore its propensity to adopt fibril - prone states .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , this study provides , for the first time , insights on the equilibrium structures of A beta 1 - 42 dimer in explicit aqueous solution and an atomic picture of the EGCG - mediated conformational change on A beta dimer .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipopolysaccharide Interactions of C - Terminal Peptides from Human Thrombin .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interactions with bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , both in aqueous solution and in lipid membranes , were investigated for a series of amphiphilic peptides derived from the C - terminal region of human thrombin , using ellipsometry , dual polarization interferometry , fluorescence spectroscopy , circular dichroism ( CD ) , dynamic light scattering , and z - potential measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of these peptides to block endotoxic effects caused by LPS , monitored through NO production in macrophages , was compared to peptide binding to LPS and its endotoxic component lipid A , and to size , charge , and secondary structure of peptide / LPS complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the antiendotoxic peptide GKY25 ( GKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE ) displayed significant binding to both LPS and lipid A , so did two control peptides with either selected D - amino acid substitutions or with maintained composition but scrambled sequence , both displaying strongly attenuated antiendotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the extent of LPS or lipid A binding is not the sole discriminant for the antiendotoxic effect of these peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , helix formation in peptide / LPS complexes correlates to the antiendotoxic effect of these peptides and is potentially linked to this functionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preferential binding to LPS over lipid membrane was furthermore demonstrated for these peptides and preferential binding to the lipid A moiety within LPS inferred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural Changes in Cytochrome c Oxidase Induced by Binding of Sodium and Calcium Ions : An ATR - FTIR Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared ( ATR - FTIR ) spectroscopy was used to investigate the binding of Na ( + ) and Ca ( 2 + ) cations to bovine cytochrome c oxidase in its fully oxidized and partially reduced , cyanide - ligated ( a ( 2 + ) a3 ( 3 + ) - CN ) ( mixed valence ) forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "cyanide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 238]}, {"entity": "CN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ions induced distinctly different IR binding spectra , indicating that the induced structural changes are different .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this , their binding spectra were mutually exclusive , confirming their known competitive binding behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissociation constants for Na ( + ) and Ca ( 2 + ) with the oxidized enzyme were 1 . 2 mM and 11 mu M , respectively and Na ( + ) binding appeared to involve cooperative binding of two Na ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ca ( 2 + ) binding induced a large IR spectrum , with prominent amide I / II polypeptide changes , bandshifts assigned to carboxylate and an arginine , and a number of bandshifts of heme a .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 69]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}, {"entity": "heme a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Na ( + ) - induced binding spectrum showed much weaker amide I / II and heme a changes but had similar shifts assignable to carboxylate and arginine residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 64]}, {"entity": "heme a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yeast CcO also displayed a calcium - induced IR and UV / visible binding spectra , though of lower intensities .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was attributed to the difficulty in fully depleting Ca ( 2 + ) from its binding site , as has been found with bacterial CcOs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implications of Ca ( 2 + ) / Na ( + ) ion binding are discussed in terms of structure and possible modulation of core catalytic function .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptor - dependent function and plasticity in inhibitory circuits .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptors have been known to play a central role in long - term potentiation at glutamatergic synapses in principal cells for thirty years .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , their roles in the development and activity - dependent plasticity of synapses in inhibitory circuits have only recently begun to be understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progress has , to a great extent , been hampered by the extensive diversity of GABAergic cell types in the CNS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , anatomical , immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods have allowed distinct types to be identified , with the result that consistent patterns of synaptic plasticity have begun to emerge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of NMDA receptors in the development and plasticity of GABAergic synapses on principal cells and of glutamatergic synapses on identified interneurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A major challenge is to understand how NMDA receptors affect the routing of information in healthy inhibitory circuits , and how changes in NMDA receptor function may contribute to altered circuit function in disorders such as schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled \" Glutamate receptor - dependent synaptic plasticity \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocarrier systems for oral drug delivery : Do we really need them ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular since the last two decades there is constantly increasing interest in nanocarrier systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are utilized in order to overcome the major challenges being associated with this route of administration - namely poor solubility ( I ) , poor permeability ( II ) and poor GI - stability ( III ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to improve drug solubility nanonization of the API , the use of solid lipid nanoparticles and porous adsorbent particles have shown great potential .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanocrystals and selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery systems ( SNEDDS ) resulted already in numerous marketed drug products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , proof - of - principle studies for nanocarrier systems providing enhanced oral drug uptake are available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By providing a comparatively more intimate contact with the absorption membrane , a prolonged GI - residence time and / or exhibiting permeation enhancing properties , oral absorption can be strongly improved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Likely because of safety considerations and because of insufficiently high bioavailability improvements ( < 5 - fold ) , however , a commercial interest in these systems is limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor GI - stability can be overcome by incorporating the drug in nanocarrier systems providing a protective effect towards an enzymatic attack in the GI - tract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , as nanocarrier systems can at least to some extent diffuse into the mucus gel layer releasing their payload there , a presystemic metabolism of the drug on the way between the delivery system and the absorption membrane can be excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future trends are mainly focusing on carrier systems capable of not just improving solubility but providing also controlled drug release as well as on nanocarrier systems capable of efficiently permeating the mucus gel layer without destroying it .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acids as co - amorphous stabilizers for poorly water soluble drugs - Part 1 : Preparation , stability and dissolution enhancement .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor aqueous solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API ) is one of the most pressing problems in pharmaceutical research and development because up to 90 % of new API candidates under development are poorly water soluble .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These drugs usually have a low and variable oral bioavailability , and therefore an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most promising approaches to increase dissolution rate and solubility of these drugs is the conversion of a crystalline form of the drug into its respective amorphous form , usually by incorporation into hydrophilic polymers , forming glass solutions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this strategy only led to a small number of marketed products usually because of inadequate physical stability of the drug ( crystallization ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated a fundamentally different approach to stabilize the amorphous form of drugs , namely the use of amino acids as small molecular weight excipients that form specific molecular interactions with the drug resulting in co - amorphous forms .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two poorly water soluble drugs carbamazepine and indomethacin were combined with amino acids from the binding sites of the biological receptors of these drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixtures of drug and the amino acids arginine , phenylalanine , tryptophan and tyrosine were prepared by vibrational ball milling .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solid - state characterization with X - ray powder diffraction ( XRPD ) and differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) revealed that the various blends could be prepared as homogeneous , single phase co - amorphous formulations indicated by the appearance of an amorphous halo in the XRPD diffractograms and a single glass transition temperature ( Tg ) in the DSC measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the Tgs of the co - amorphous mixtures were significantly increased over those of the individual drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drugs remained chemically stable during the milling process and the co - amorphous formulations were generally physically stable over at least 6months at 40 degrees C under dry conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissolution rate of all co - amorphous drug - amino acid mixtures was significantly increased over that of the respective crystalline and amorphous pure drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acids thus appear as promising excipients to solve challenges connected with the stability and dissolution of amorphous drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysfunctions of the translational machinery in digestive glands of mussels exposed to mercury ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mercury is an element naturally occurring in the biosphere , but is also released into the environment by human activities , such as mining , smelting , and industrial discharge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mercury is a biologically harmful element and any exposure of living organisms mainly due to contamination , can cause severe or even lethal side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In every form detected , elemental , inorganic , or organic , mercury exhibits toxicity associated with induced oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the genotoxicity of mercury has been well demonstrated in mussels , little is known about its toxic effects on the translational machinery at the molecular level .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate possible effects , we exposed the common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in seawater supplemented by 30 mu g / L Hg ( 2 + ) for 15 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that Hg ( 2 + ) was significantly accumulated in the digestive glands of mussels , reaching a level around 80 mu g / g tissue ( dry weight ) at the 15th day of exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of mussels to Hg ( 2 + ) resulted in failure of redox homeostasis , as reflected on lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity in glands , and micronucleus frequency in gills .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracts from digestive glands after 15 - day exposure to Hg ( 2 + ) exhibited decreased tRNA aminoacylation ability and , moreover , a 70 % reduction in the ability of 40S ribosomal subunits to form the 48S initiation ribosomal complex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar reduction was detected in the ability of ribosomes to translocate peptidyl - tRNA from the A - site to the P - site , an observation coinciding with the notion that regulation of protein synthesis by Hg ( 2 + ) mainly occurs at the initiation and elongation stages of translation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A - site binding , peptidyl transferase activity , and termination of peptide chain synthesis underwent less pronounced but measurable reductions , a finding which explains why poly ( Phe ) - synthesis in ribosomes isolated from exposed mussels is reduced by 70 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( Phe )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , Hg ( 2 + ) apart from being a genotoxic ion acts as a modulator of protein synthesis in mussels , an observation probably related with its ability to induce oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of MC - LR and MC - RR in tissue from freshwater fish ( Tinca tinca ) and crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) in tench ponds ( C a ceres , Spain ) by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry ( LC - MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study a new method has been developed and validated for detecting free microcystins ( MCs ) ( MC - RR , MC - LR and MC - YR ) by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry ( LC - MS ) in the cyprinid Tinca tinca and in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii collected from three ponds in Extremadura ( Spain ) where the presence of the cyanobacteria species Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena spiroides has been confirmed .", "entity": [{"entity": "microcystins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "MC - RR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "MC - LR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "MC - YR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the method had been validated , free MCs were determined in fish ( tench , T . tinca ) and crayfish from different ponds in order to understand how they are bioaccumulated through the food web .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCs were not detected in any of the fish samples analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was confirmed that P . clarkii accumulated MCs in their tissues without losing their organoleptic characteristics , with MC - LR ( 2 . 3 - 18 . 1 mu g MC - LR / g body weight ) being the predominant MC variant detected in all the crayfish samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "MC - LR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "MC - LR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MC - RR was measured in 50 % of the samples analyzed , ranging between 1 . 4 and 7 . 8 mu g MC - RR / g body weight and no MC - YR was detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "MC - RR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "MC - RR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "MC - YR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that crayfish can accumulate free MCs in higher quantities than tench that live in ponds contaminated by toxic cyanobacteria species , and emphasized the need for regular monitoring if the health risks associated with their consumption are to be avoided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead , mercury , and cadmium in blood and their relation to diet among Swedish adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to examine the body burden of lead ( Pb ) , mercury ( Hg ) , and cadmium ( Cd ) in blood among Swedish adults and the association between blood levels , diet and other lifestyle factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was based on a subgroup ( n = 273 ) of the national survey Riksmaten 2010 - 2011 ( 4 - day food records and questionnaire ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead , Hg , and Cd were measured in whole blood , and Cd additionally in urine , by mass or fluorescence spectrometry methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median values ( 5 - 95th percentiles ) of the metals in blood were as follows ; Pb : 13 . 4 ( 5 . 8 - 28 . 6 ) mu g / L , Hg : 1 . 13 ( 0 . 31 - 3 . 45 ) mu g / L , and Cd : 0 . 19 ( 0 . 09 - 1 . 08 ) mu g / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three metals increased with increasing age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead levels in blood were positively associated with intakes of game and alcohol , Hg was related to fish intake , and blood Cd related to smoking and low iron stores and to a low meat intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body burdens of the studied metals were generally below health based reference values , but several individuals had blood Pb levels above the reference point for possible nephrotoxic and developmental neurotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As health effects cannot be excluded , individuals with high Pb exposure should aim at decreasing their body burden , both from food and from other exposure routes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of heme oxygenase 1 but not nitric oxide synthase 2 in a hepatoprotective action of quercetin in lipopolysaccharide - induced hepatotoxicity of d - galactosamine sensitized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "d - galactosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study was to evaluate potential hepatoprotective capabilities of quercetin in relation to its modulation of the HO - 1 and NOS - 2 activities in an experimental model of fulminant liver failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver insult was induced by in vivo administration of d - galactosamine ( d - GalN , 400mg / kg , i . p . ) and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS , 10 mu g / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - galactosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of quercetin ( 50mg / kg , i . p ) on d - GalN toxicity was evaluated by standard biochemical , RT - PCR and Western blot methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of d - GalN / LPS combination resulted in significantly higher plasma levels of aminotransferases , as well as increased mRNA and protein expressions of both HO - 1 and NOS - 2 enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quercetin exhibited cytoprotective effects on the liver , as evidenced by decreased aminotransferase plasma levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , quercetin treatment in d - GalN / LPS treated rats significantly increased HO - 1 mRNA and its protein expressions .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , quercetin did not exhibit any significant effects on the levels of nitrites , and NOS - 2 mRNA and protein expressions in d - GalN / LPS treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "nitrites", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quercetin when given alone did not have any significant changes on liver enzymes nor HO - 1 and NOS - 2 mRNA and protein expressions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be concluded that the quercetin ' s induction of HO - 1 and its byproducts , without concomitant NOS - 2 activity reduction , is among mechanisms contributing to the hepatoprotective effect in d - GalN / LPS hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "d - GalN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptotic and proinflammatory effect of combustion - generated organic nanoparticles in endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Air pollution exposure in industrialized cities is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality attributed to cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combustion exhausts emitted from motor vehicles and industries represent a major source of nanoparticles in the atmosphere .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flame - generated organic carbon nanoparticles ( OC NPs ) provide interesting model nanoparticles that simulate fresh combustion emissions near roadways or combustion sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These model nanoparticles can be produced by controlling flame operating conditions and used to test possible toxicological mechanisms responsible for the observed health effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OC NPs were used to investigate their possible effect on endothelial cells ( EC ) growth and production of proinflammatory lipid mediators .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated a dose and time - dependent reduction in cell viability following incubation of EC with OC NPs for 24 and 48h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence - activated cell sorting revealed that EC treated with OC NPs showed a cell proliferation index significantly lower than that of control cells and an increased apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annexin assay confirmed the increased apoptotic cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , OC NPs also induced a time - dependent increase of proinflammatory lysophospholipid production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results , establishing that OC NPs induce EC proinflammatory lysophosholipid production and apoptotic cell death , provide the first evidence of the detrimental effect of OC NPs on EC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of adamantane based highly potent HDAC inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report the development of highly potent HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of adamantane and nor - adamantane based HDAC inhibitors were designed , synthesized and screened for the inhibitory activity of HDAC .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of compounds exhibited GI50 of 10 - 100 nM in human HCT116 , NCI - H460 and U251 cancer cells , in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 32 displays efficacy in human tumour animal xenograft model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EZETIMIBE INCREASES HEPATIC IRON LEVELS IN MICE FED A HIGH - FAT DIET .", "entity": [{"entity": "EZETIMIBE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "IRON", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulating evidence suggests that ezetimibe may be a promising agent for treatment of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis ( NAFLD / NASH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phlebotomy and dietary iron restriction reduces serum transaminase in NAFLD / NASH patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies showed that mutual effects exist between lipid metabolism and iron metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the effects of ezetimibe on iron metabolism were examined in mice fed a high - fat diet with or without iron .", "entity": [{"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C57BL / 6 mice were fed the following diets for 12 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiment 1 : 1 ) a control diet ; C 2 ) C plus ezetimibe ( 0 . 3mg / day ; 4 weeks ) ; CE 3 ) a high - fat diet ; H 4 ) H plus ezetimibe ; HE .", "entity": [{"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiment 2 : 1 ) C containing carbonyl iron ( average ; 22 . 4mg / day ; 6 weeks ) ; CI 2 ) CI plus ezetimibe ; CIE 3 ) H containing carbonyl iron ; HI 4 ) HI plus ezetimibe ; HIE .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "carbonyl iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood , livers , and duodenum were removed after 12 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Experiment 1 , hepatic iron levels were higher in HE than H , whereas there was no difference between C and CE .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic mRNA expression of transferrin receptor 1 and 2 , ferritins , and hepcidin were increased more in CE than C , and in HE than H .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In duodenum , DMT1 , ferritinH , and hephaestin mRNA levels were increased in CE compared to C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Experiment 2 , hepatic iron concentrations were higher in HIE than HI .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic mRNA expression of ferritinL and hepcidin were increased in HIE compared to HI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In duodenum , ferritinL mRNA was increased in HIE compared to CIE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ezetimibe induced hepatic iron uptake transporter expression in mice fed a high - fat diet , causing increased hepatic iron concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astaxanthin Suppresses MPP + - Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells through a Sp1 / NR1 Signaling Pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Astaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objective : To investigate astaxanthin ( ATX ) neuroprotection , and its mechanism , on a 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - pyridine ion ( MPP + ) - induced cell model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "astaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "ATX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 124]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Mature , differentiated PC12 cells treated with MPP + were used as an in vitro cell model .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MTT assay was used to investigate cell viability after ATX treatment , and western blot analysis was used to observe Sp1 ( activated transcription factor 1 ) and NR1 ( NMDA receptor subunit 1 ) protein expression , real - time PCR was used to monitor Sp1 and NR1 mRNA , and cell immunofluorescence was used to determine the location of Sp1 and NR1 protein and the nuclear translocation of Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "ATX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : PC12 cell viability was significantly reduced by MPP + treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of Sp1 and NR1 mRNA and protein were increased compared with the control ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following co - treatment with ATX and MPP + , cell viability was significantly increased , and Sp1 and NR1 mRNA and protein were decreased , compared with the MPP + groups ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mithracycin A protected PC12 cells from oxidative stress caused by MPP + by specifically inhibiting the expression of Sp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "mithracycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , cell immunofluorescence revealed that ATX could suppress Sp1 nuclear transfer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : ATX inhibited oxidative stress induced by MPP + in PC12 cells , via the SP1 / NR1 signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "MPP +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Regulates the Nuclear Receptor CAR to Activate the CYP2B6 Gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The constitutive active / androstane receptor ( CAR ) regulates hepatic drug metabolism by activating genes such as cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) and certain transferases .", "entity": [{"entity": "androstane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p38 mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) is highly activated in human primary hepatocytes but barely in human hepatoma cell - lines including HepG2 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liganded - CAR induced CYP2B6 mRNA in human primary hepatocytes far more effectively than in HepG2 cells ectopically expressing CAR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have now found that activation of p38 MAPK by anisomycin potentiated induction of CYP2B6 mRNA by CAR ligand in HepG2 cells to levels observed in ligand - treated human primary hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "siRNA knockdown of p38 MAPK abrogated the ability of anisomycin to synergistically induce CYP2B6 mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to CYP2B6 , anisomycin co - treatment potentiated an increase in CYP2A7 and CYP2C9 mRNAs but not CYP3A4 or UDP - glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 mRNAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "anisomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , activated p38 MAPK is required for liganded - CAR to selectively activate a set of genes that encode drug metabolizing enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our present results suggest that CAR - mediated induction of these enzymes can not be understood by ligand binding alone because the specificity and magnitude of induction are co - determined by a given cell signaling such as p38 MAPK ; both physiological and pathophysiological states of cell signaling may have a strong impact in hepatic drug metabolizing capability during therapeutic treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - like Factor 3 promotes wound healing at the ocular surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tear fluid is known to contain many different hormones with relevance for ocular surface homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the presence and functional role of insulin - like factor 3 ( INSL3 ) and its cognate receptor RXFP2 at the ocular surface and in tears .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of human INSL3 and RXFP2 was determined in tissues of the ocular surface , lacrimal apparatus , in human corneal ( HCE ) , conjunctival ( HCjE ) , sebaceous ( SC ) epithelial cell lines and in human tears by RT - PCR and ELISA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated effects of human recombinant ( hr ) INSL3 on cell proliferation and cell migration and the influence of hrINSL3 on the expression of MMP2 , - 9 , - 13 and TIMP1 and - 2 was quantified by real - time PCR and ELISA in HCE , HCjE and SC cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a C57BL / 6 mouse corneal defect model to elucidate the effect of topical application of hrINSL3 on corneal wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INSL3 and RXFP2 transcripts and INSL3 protein were detected in all tissues and cell lines investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly higher concentrations of INSL3 were detected in tears from male vs . female volunteers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stimulation of HCE , HCjE and SC with hrINSL3 significantly increased cell proliferation in HCjE and SC and migration of HCjE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with hrINSL3 for 24 h regulated MMP2 , TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The local application of hrINSL3 onto denuded corneal surface resulted in significantly accelerated corneal wound healing in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest a novel and gender specific role for INSL3 and cognate receptor RXFP2 signaling in ocular surface homeostasis and determined a novel role for hrINSL3 in corneal wound healing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphetamine , past and present - a pharmacological and clinical perspective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphetamine was discovered over 100 years ago .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since then , it has transformed from a drug that was freely available without prescription as a panacea for a broad range of disorders into a highly restricted Controlled Drug with therapeutic applications restricted to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and narcolepsy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review describes the relationship between chemical structure and pharmacology of amphetamine and its congeners .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphetamine ' s diverse pharmacological actions translate not only into therapeutic efficacy , but also into the production of adverse events and liability for recreational abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the balance of benefit / risk is the key challenge for its clinical use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review charts advances in pharmaceutical development from the introduction of once - daily formulations of amphetamine through to lisdexamfetamine , which is the first d - amphetamine prodrug approved for the management of ADHD in children , adolescents and adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "lisdexamfetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 150]}, {"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unusual metabolic route for lisdexamfetamine to deliver d - amphetamine makes an important contribution to its pharmacology .", "entity": [{"entity": "lisdexamfetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "d - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How lisdexamfetamine ' s distinctive pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic profile translates into sustained efficacy as a treatment for ADHD and its reduced potential for recreational abuse is also discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "lisdexamfetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strategic use of conformational bias and structure based design to identify potent JAK3 inhibitors with improved selectivity against the JAK family and the kinome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a structure based design approach we have identified a series of indazole substituted pyrrolopyrazines , which are potent inhibitors of JAK3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "indazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "pyrrolopyrazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intramolecular electronic repulsion was used as a strategy to induce a strong conformational bias within the ligand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds bearing this conformation participated in a favorable hydrophobic interaction with a cysteine residue in the JAK3 binding pocket , which imparted high selectivity versus the kinome and improved selectivity within the JAK family .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copper - catalyzed diastereoselective arylation of tryptophan derivatives : total synthesis of ( + ) - naseseazines a and B .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "( + ) - naseseazines a and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A copper - catalyzed arylation of tryptophan derivatives is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 8]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reaction proceeds with high site - and diastereoselectivity to provide aryl pyrroloindoline products in one step from simple starting materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl pyrroloindoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utility of this transformation is highlighted in the five - step syntheses of the natural products ( + ) - naseseazine A and B .", "entity": [{"entity": "( + ) - naseseazine A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface Engineering of Ultrafine Cellulose Nanofibrils toward Polymer Nanocomposite Materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface grafting of crystalline and ultrafine cellulose nanofibrils with poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG ) chains via ionic bonds was achieved by a simple ion - exchange treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 97]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PEG - grafted cellulose nanofibrils exhibited nanodispersibility in organic solvents such as chloroform , toluene , and tetrahydrofuran .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "tetrahydrofuran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , the PEG - grafted cellulose nanofibril / chloroform dispersion and poly ( l - lactide ) ( PLLA ) / chloroform solution were mixed , and the PEG - grafted cellulose nanofibril / PLLA composite films with various blend ratios were prepared by casting the mixtures on a plate and drying .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "poly ( l - lactide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 94]}, {"entity": "PLLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "PLLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tensile strength , Young ' s modulus , and work of fracture of the composite films were remarkably improved , despite low cellulose addition levels ( < 1 wt % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highly efficient nanocomposite effect was explained in terms of achievement of nanodispersion states of the PEG - grafted cellulose nanofibrils in the PLLA matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "PLLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , some attractive interactions mediated by the PEG chains were likely to be formed between the cellulose nanofibrils and PLLA molecules in the composites , additionally enhancing the efficient nanocomposite effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "PLLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small Molecule Regulation of Protein Conformation by Binding in the Flap of HIV Protease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fragment indole - 6 - carboxylic acid ( 1F1 ) , previously identified as a flap site binder in a fragment - based screen against HIV protease ( PR ) , has been cocrystallized with pepstatin - inhibited PR and with apo - PR .", "entity": [{"entity": "indole - 6 - carboxylic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 41]}, {"entity": "pepstatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another fragment , 3 - indolepropionic acid ( 1F1 - N ) , predicted by AutoDock calculations and confirmed in a novel inhibition of nucleation crystallization assay , exploits the same interactions in the flap site in two crystal structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - indolepropionic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both 1F1 and 1F1 - N bind to the closed form of apo - PR and to pepstatin : PR .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepstatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In solution , 1F1 and 1F1 - N raise the Tm of apo - PR by 3 . 5 - 5 degrees C as assayed by differential scanning fluorimetry ( DSF ) and show equivalent low - micromolar binding constants to both apo - PR and pepstatin : PR , assayed by backscattering interferometry ( BSI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepstatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed signal intensities in BSI are greater for each fragment upon binding to apo - PR than to pepstatin - bound PR , consistent with greater conformational change in the former binding event .", "entity": [{"entity": "pepstatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these data indicate that fragment binding in the flap site favors a closed conformation of HIV PR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving the Catalytic Activity of Semiconductor Nanocrystals through Selective Domain Etching .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colloidal chemistry offers an assortment of synthetic tools for tuning the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While many nanocrystal architectures can be obtained directly via colloidal growth , other nanoparticle morphologies require alternative processing strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that chemical etching of colloidal nanoparticles can facilitate the realization of nanocrystal shapes that are topologically inaccessible by hot - injection techniques alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present methodology is demonstrated by synthesizing a two - component CdSe / CdS nanoparticle dimer , constructed in a way that both CdSe and CdS semiconductor domains are exposed to the external environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This structural morphology is highly desirable for catalytic applications as it enables both reductive and oxidative reactions to occur simultaneously on dissimilar nanoparticle surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydrogen production tests confirmed the improved catalytic activity of CdSe / CdS dimers , which was enhanced 3 - 4 times upon etching treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We expect that the demonstrated application of etching to shaping of colloidal heteronanocrystals can become a common methodology in the synthesis of charge - separating nanocrystals , leading to advanced nanoparticles architectures for applications in areas of photocatalysis , photovoltaics , and light detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synergistic effects of diosmetin with erythromycin against ABC transporter over - expressed methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) RN4220 / pUL5054 and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing prevalence of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) worldwide with limited therapeutic options is a growing public health concern .", "entity": [{"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Natural products have been shown to possess antibacterial actions against MRSA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonoids from natural products have been shown to possess antibacterial actions against MRSA by antagonizing its resistance mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diosmin and diosmetin are natural flavonoids found in a variety of citrus fruits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diosmin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate whether diosmin and diosmetin could inhibit the growth of MRSA and the in vitro enzymatic activity of a newly discovered MRSA drug target , pyruvate kinase ( PK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diosmin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using a panel of MRSA strains with known resistant mechanisms , neither diosmin nor diosmetin was shown to possess direct antibacterial activities against all tested MRSA strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "diosmin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in checkerboard assay , we found that diosmetin together with erythromycin , could synergistically inhibit the growth of ABC - pump overexpressed MRSA - RN4220 / pUL5054 , and time kill assay also showed that the antibacterial activities of diosmetin with erythromycin were bactericidal .", "entity": [{"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 260]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diosmetin was further shown to significantly suppress the MRSA PK activities in a dose dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the inhibition of MRSA PK by diosmetin could lead to a deficiency of ATP and affect the bacterial efflux pump which might contribute to the antibacterial actions of diosmetin against MRSA .", "entity": [{"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "diosmetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelin - 3 Expression in the Subfornical Organ Enhances the Sensitivity of Nax , the Brain Sodium - Level Sensor , to Suppress Salt Intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salt homeostasis is essential to survival , but brain mechanisms for salt - intake control have not been fully elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found that the sensitivity of Nax channels to [ Na ( + ) ] o is dose - dependently enhanced by endothelin - 3 ( ET - 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nax channels began to open when [ Na ( + ) ] o exceeded ~ 150 mM without ET - 3 , but opened fully at a physiological [ Na ( + ) ] o ( 135 - 145 mM ) with 1 nM ET - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , ET - 3 was expressed in the subfornical organ ( SFO ) along with Nax , and the level was robustly increased by dehydration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological experiments revealed that endothelin receptor B ( ETBR ) signaling is involved in this modulation of Nax gating through protein kinase C and ERK1 / 2 activation . ETBR agonists increased the firing rate of GABAergic neurons via lactate in the SFO , and an ETBR antagonist attenuated salt aversion during dehydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that ET - 3 expression in the SFO is tightly coupled with body - fluid homeostasis through modulation of the [ Na ( + ) ] o sensitivity of Nax .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological study of a new Asp49 phospholipase A2 ( Bbil - TX ) isolated from Bothriopsis bilineata smargadina ( forest viper ) venom in vertebrate neuromuscular preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuromuscular activity of Bbil - TX , a PLA2 with catalytic activity isolated from Bothriopsis bilineata smargadina venom , was examined in chick biventer cervicis ( BC ) and mouse phrenic nerve - diaphragm ( PND ) preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In BC preparations , Bbil - TX ( 0 . 5 - 10 mu g / ml ) caused time - and concentration - dependent blockade that was not reversed by washing ; the times for 50 % blockade were 87 +/- 7 , 41 +/- 7 and 19 +/- 2 min ( mean +/- SEM ; n = 4 - 6 ) for 1 , 5 and 10 mu g / ml , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muscle contractures to exogenous ACh and KCl were unaffected .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The toxin ( 10 mu g / ml ) also did not affect the twitch - tension of directly - stimulated , curarized ( 10 mu g / ml ) BC preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Bbil - TX ( 10 mu g / ml ) produced mild morphological alterations ( edematous and / or hyperchromic fibers ) in BC ; there was also a progressive release of CK ( from 116 +/- 17 IU / ml ( basal ) to 710 +/- 91 IU / ml after 45 min ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bbil - TX ( 5 mu g / ml ) - induced blockade was markedly inhibited at 22 - 24 degrees C and pretreatment with p - bromophenacyl bromide ( p - BPB ) abolished the neuromuscular blockade .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - bromophenacyl bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 136]}, {"entity": "p - BPB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bbil - TX ( 3 - 30 mu g / ml , n = 4 - 6 ) caused partial time - and concentration - dependent blockade in PND preparations ( 52 +/- 2 % at the highest concentration ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bbil - TX ( 30 mu g / ml ) also markedly reduced the MEPPs frequency [ from 26 +/- 2 . 5 ( basal ) to 10 +/- 1 after 60 min ; n = 5 ; p < 0 . 05 ] and the quantal content [ from 94 +/- 14 ( basal ) to 24 +/- 3 after 60 min ; n = 5 ; p < 0 . 05 ] of PND preparations , but caused only minor depolarization of the membrane resting potential [ from - 80 +/- 1 mV ( basal ) to - 66 +/- 2 mV after 120 min ; n = 5 ; p < 0 . 05 ] , with no significant change in the depolarizing response to exogenous carbachol .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [495, 504]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that Bbil - TX is a presynaptic PLA2 that contributes to the neuromuscular blockade caused by B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b . smargadina venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium and mercury molar ratios in commercial fish from New Jersey and Illinois : Variation within species and relevance to risk communication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an emerging consensus that people consuming large amounts of fish with selenium : mercury ratios below 1 are at higher risk from mercury toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the relative amount of selenium increases compared to mercury , risk may be lowered , but it is unclear how much excess selenium is required .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It would be useful if the selenium : mercury ratio was relatively consistent within a species , but this has not been the case in our studies of wild - caught fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since most people in developed countries and urban areas obtain their fish and other seafood commercially , we examined selenium : mercury molar ratios in commercial fish purchased in stores and fish markets in central New Jersey and Chicago .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was substantial interspecific and intraspecific variation in molar ratios .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Across species the selenium : mercury molar ratio decreased with increasing mean mercury levels , but selenium variation also contributed to the ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few samples had selenium : mercury molar ratios below 1 , but there was a wide range in ratios , complicating the interpretation for use in risk management and communication .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before ratios can be used in risk management , more information is needed on mercury : selenium interactions and mutual bioavailability , and on the relationship between molar ratios and health outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , people who are selenium deficient may be more at risk from mercury toxicity than others .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "mercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodrugs of 2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate and 2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 95]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report in this Letter the synthesis of prodrugs of 2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyarabinose - 1 - phosphate and 2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyarabinose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 101]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate the difficulty of realising a phosphorylation step on the anomeric position of 2 - deoxyribose , and we discover that introduction of fluorine atoms on the 2 position of 2 - deoxyribose enables the phosphorylation step : in fact , the stability of the prodrugs increases with the degree of 2 - fluorination .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - deoxyribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 109]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "2 - deoxyribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability studies of produgs of 2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate and 2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate in acidic and neutral conditions were conducted to confirm our observation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - fluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 76]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological evaluation of prodrugs of 2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate for antiviral and cytotoxic activity is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 - difluoro - 2 - deoxyribose - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation - specific epitopes and immunological responses : Translational biotheranostic implications for atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation - specific epitopes ( OSE ) , present on oxidized LDL ( OxLDL ) , apoptotic cells , cell debris and modified proteins in the vessel wall , accumulate in response to hypercholesterolemia , and generate potent pro - inflammatory , disease - specific antigens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They represent an important class of ' danger associated molecular patterns ' ( DAMPs ) , against which a concerted innate immune response is directed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OSE are recognized by innate ' pattern recognition receptors ' , such as scavenger receptors present on dendritic cells and monocyte / macrophages , as well as by innate proteins , such as IgM natural antibodies and soluble proteins , such as C - reactive protein and complement factor H .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These innate immune responses provide a first line of defense against atherosclerosis - specific DAMPs , and engage adaptive immune responses , provided by T and B - 2 cells , which provide a more specific and definitive response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such immune responses are ordinarily directed to remove foreign pathogens , such as those found on microbial pathogens , but when persistent or maladaptive , lead to host damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , atherosclerosis can be considered as a systemic chronic inflammatory disease initiated by the accumulation of OSE type DAMPs and perpetuated by maladaptive response of the innate and adaptive immune system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding this paradigm leads to new approaches to defining cardiovascular risk and suggests new modes of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , OSE have become potential targets of diagnostic and therapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human and murine OSE - targeting antibodies have been developed and are now being used as biomarkers in human studies and experimentally in translational applications of non - invasive molecular imaging of oxidation - rich plaques and immunotherapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posttranslational mechanisms modulating the expression of the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene by methylmercury in HepG2 cells : A role of heme oxygenase - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently we demonstrated the ability of mercuric chloride ( Hg ( 2 + ) ) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells to significantly decrease the TCDD - mediated induction of Cytochrome P450 1A1 ( CYP1A1 ) mRNA , protein , and catalytic activity levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "mercuric chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "Hg ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated the effect of methylmercury ( MeHg ) on CYP1A1 in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylmercury", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , cells were co - exposed to MeHg and TCDD and the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA , protein , and catalytic activity levels were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that MeHg did not alter the TCDD - mediated induction of CYP1A1 mRNA , or protein levels ; however it was able to significantly decrease CYP1A1 catalytic activity levels in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , this inhibition was specific to CYP1A1and was not radiated to other aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AhR ) - regulated genes , as MeHg induced NAD ( P ) H : quinone oxidoreductase 1 mRNA and protein levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "NAD ( P ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistically , the inhibitory effect of MeHg on the induction of CYP1A1 coincided with an increase in heme oxygenase - 1 ( HO - 1 ) mRNA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the inhibition of HO - 1 activity , by tin mesoporphyrin , caused a complete restoration of MeHg - mediated inhibition of CYP1A1 activity , induced by TCDD .", "entity": [{"entity": "tin mesoporphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , transfection of HepG2 cells with siRNA targeting the human HO - 1 gene reversed the MeHg - mediated inhibition of TCDD - induced CYP1A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 102]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this study demonstrated that MeHg inhibited the TCDD - mediated induction of CYP1A1 through a posttranslational mechanism and confirms the role of HO - 1 in a MeHg - mediated effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "MeHg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Basis of SMC ATPase Activation : Role of Internal Structural Changes of the Regulatory Subcomplex ScpAB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many bacteria , a homodimer of structural - maintenance - of - chromosomes proteins associates with two regulatory subunits ( known as ScpA and ScpB ) , assembling a protein complex that plays a crucial role in chromosome organization and segregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It remains poorly understood , however , how this complex might work at the mechanistic level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report crystal structures of the ScpAB core complex that display a highly unusual structure in which the central segment of ScpA winds around an asymmetrically oriented ScpB dimer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two C - terminal domains of the ScpB dimer primarily interact with different regions of ScpA with different affinities .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , flexible interdomain regions of ScpB contribute to a dynamic folding process of the ScpAB subcomplex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with other genetic and biochemical assays , we provide evidence that internal structural changes of the ScpAB subcomplex are tightly coupled with activation of the structural - maintenance - of - chromosomes ATPase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osteochondral tissue regeneration using a bilayered composite hydrogel with modulating dual growth factor release kinetics in a rabbit model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biodegradable oligo ( poly ( ethylene glycol ) fumarate ) ( OPF ) composite hydrogels have been investigated for the delivery of growth factors ( GFs ) with the aid of gelatin microparticles ( GMPs ) and stem cell populations for osteochondral tissue regeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligo ( poly ( ethylene glycol ) fumarate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 57]}, {"entity": "OPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a bilayered OPF composite hydrogel that mimics the distinctive hierarchical structure of native osteochondral tissue was utilized to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor - beta 3 ( TGF - beta 3 ) with varying release kinetics and / or insulin - like growth factor - 1 ( IGF - 1 ) on osteochondral tissue regeneration in a rabbit full - thickness osteochondral defect model .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The four groups investigated included ( i ) a blank control ( no GFs ) , ( ii ) GMP - loaded IGF - 1 alone , ( iii ) GMP - loaded IGF - 1 and gel - loaded TGF - beta 3 , and ( iv ) GMP - loaded IGF - 1 and GMP - loaded TGF - beta 3 in OPF composite hydrogels .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of an in vitro release study demonstrated that TGF - beta 3 release kinetics could be modulated by the GF incorporation method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 12weeks post - implantation , the quality of tissue repair in both chondral and subchondral layers was analyzed based on quantitative histological scoring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All groups incorporating GFs resulted in a significant improvement in cartilage morphology compared to the control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single delivery of IGF - 1 showed higher scores in subchondral bone morphology as well as chondrocyte and glycosaminoglycan amount in adjacent cartilage tissue when compared to a dual delivery of IGF - 1 and TGF - beta 3 , independent of the TGF - beta 3 release kinetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that although the dual delivery of TGF - beta 3 and IGF - 1 may not synergistically enhance the quality of engineered tissue , the delivery of IGF - 1 alone from bilayered composite hydrogels positively affects osteochondral tissue repair and holds promise for osteochondral tissue engineering applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fishing and knockout of bioactive compounds using a combination of high - speed counter - current chromatography ( HSCCC ) and preparative HPLC for evaluating the holistic efficacy and interaction of the components of Herba Epimedii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the complex chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines , we developed a strategy based on fishing and knockout of bioactive compounds using a combination of high - speed counter - current chromatography ( HSCCC ) and preparative HPLC for evaluating the holistic activity and interaction of the components of Herba Epimedii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , osteoblast target cell extraction was used for preliminary screening of the potential bioactive compounds of Herba Epimedii .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , the bioactive compounds identified ( epimedin A , epimedin B , epimedin C and icariin ) were fished and knocked out using high - speed counter - current chromatography and preparative HPLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "epimedin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "epimedin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "epimedin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "icariin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third , the bioactivity of resulting fractions was assessed by determining their influence on cell proliferation and differentiation , thereby allowing for an evaluation of their interaction . The pharmacodynamic contribution ratio of each bioactive compound to the efficacy of the herbal medicine could then be comprehensively and intuitively determined based on the spectra - activity correlations ( VIP values ) of the tested compositions using partial least - squares regression ( PLS - R ) , through which the reliability of the screening and isolation of bioactive compounds by the target cell extraction technique were verified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed strategy is a useful approach with potential application in other traditional Chinese medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential diagnostic applications of side chain oxysterols analysis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neurospecific cholesterol 24 - hydroxylase converts excess brain cholesterol into 24S - hydroxycholesterol ( 24OHC ) which , via the liver X receptor ( LXR ) , can increase the expression and synthesis of astrocyte ApoE .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "24S - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 110]}, {"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24OHC effluxes directly from brain into plasma where it is considered an indicator of brain cholesterol turnover .", "entity": [{"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is reduced in neurodegenerative disease states proportionally to the severity of disease and the degree of brain atrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the early phases of active disease , a higher rate of turnover may result in transitory increases in plasma 24OHC .", "entity": [{"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less than 1 % of the total brain excretion of 24OHC occurs via the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) whereas almost all 27 - hydroxycholesterol ( 27OHC ) excretion is dependent on the function of the blood - cerebrospinal fluid barrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "27 - hydroxycholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 137]}, {"entity": "27OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Iincreased CSF oxysterols were found in patients with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases in the presence of barrier dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In neurodegeneration , free cholesterol released from dying cells may engulf neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholesterol also increases Amyloid beta ( A beta ) deposition and tau pathology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ApoE , 24OHC , tau and soluble APP were correlated in Alzheimer disease ( AD ) samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excess of cholesterol converted into 24OHC may up - regulate ApoE synthesis which is a scavenger for A beta and Tau .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In AD this protective mechanism seems to be inefficient , probably due to the presence of high concentrations of 27OHC , microvascular dysfunction and the decreased efficiency of ApoE4 as lipid transporter and A beta scavenger .", "entity": [{"entity": "27OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "24OHC itself was cytotoxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "24OHC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of side chain oxysterols in the CSF is likely to provided useful information about cholesterol metabolism and ApoE function in the pathogenesis of AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract from Casearia sylvestris Sw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Salicaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Casearia sylvestris Sw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is widely used in popular medicine to treat inflammatory conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : To investigate the anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract ( HCE ) taken from Casearia sylvestris Sw .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : The effect of the HCE from this plant ( 3 - 300mg / kg ) on the reduction of inflammatory response to carrageenan was investigated in pleurisy in rats ( intrapleural , 2 % in 0 . 2mL ) or paw edema in mice ( intraplantar , 300 mu g / 20 mu L , right hind paw ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plant anti - inflammatory action was assessed by its capability in inhibiting cell migration , enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) and production of nitrite / nitrate or edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro antioxidant activity of this extract against lipid peroxidation and damage to proteins was assessed as possible pathways to contribute as anti - inflammatory mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carrageenan - induced hind paw edema ( 739 . 3 +/- 11 . 9 mu m ) was reduced by HCE ( 30mg / kg : 462 . 8 +/- 28 . 38 mu m ) to similar extents as dexametasone ( 365 . 1 +/- 16 . 7 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexametasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pleurisy , treatment of the animals with HCE ( 100mg / kg : 0 . 010 +/- 0 . 001mU / mg of protein ) also reduced MPO activity augmented by carrageenan ( 0 . 020 +/- 0 . 001mU / mg of protein ) as well as leukocytes migration ( carrageenan : 17 . 8890 +/- 2 . 3900leukocytes / mL , HCE 100mg / kg : 7 . 0880 +/- 9631leukocytes / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant effects were also observed in animals treated with different doses of HCE in biochemical tests for oxidative stress analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The anti - inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HCE from Casearia sylvestris Sw . suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in treatment of inflammatory conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol extract of Adiantum capillus - veneris L . suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF - kappa B activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Adiantum capillus - veneris L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a wildly distributed plant species and has been extensively used in south of China as traditional folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : To investigate the anti - inflammatory effect of ethanolic extracts of Adiantum capillus - veneris L . and the involvement of NF - kappa B signaling in the regulation of inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : The plant ethanolic extracts were initially tested against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - induced prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) production in RAW264 . 7 mouse macrophages , and interleukin 6 ( IL - 6 ) and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) production in human U937 monocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the plant extracts on the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) pathway was evaluated in TNF - alpha stimulated HepG2 cells by luciferase gene reporter assay and Western blotting at the transcriptional and translational levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , the inhibition of NF - kappa B downstream gene expression ( IL - 8 and ICAM - 1 ) by the plant extracts was assessed via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , the anti - inflammatory activities of the plant extracts in vivo were evaluated by testing spleen index and NF - kappa B related protein expression in LPS - stimulated CD1 mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The plant ethanolic extracts effectively suppressed PGE2 , IL - 6 and TNF release with an IC50 less than 50 mu g / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , luciferase expression could be specifically blocked in HepG2 cells , not in HEK293 cells , showing that the plant extracts displayed a cell - specific pattern on NF - kappa B gene transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The assayed biological activity also depended on the order of adding TNF - alpha and the plant extracts because the plant extracts could only block the NF - kappa B activation if added earlier but were unable to stop the signal when added after TNF - alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the plant extracts did not exert any effect on ubiquitination which regulates several steps in the NF - kappa B pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the plant extracts down - regulated phosphorylation of IKK alpha / beta at S176 / 180 , p38 at T180 / Y182 and p65 at S536 , but not p65 at S276 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was confirmed by their ability to selectively abrogate the induction of IL - 8 transcription , whereas the ICAM - 1 gene , which is not transcribed selectively by an NF - kappa B complex containing a form of p65 phosphorylated on Ser536 , did not change .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser536", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the plant extracts at 200 mu g / mg could normalize the LPS - induced elevation of spleen index as well as NF - kappa B and p38 activations in CD1 mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The present studies presents the potential utilization of this plant extracts , as a natural resources for the development of an anti - inflammatory medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotection by steroids after neurotrauma in organotypic spinal cord cultures : A key role for progesterone receptors and steroidal modulators of GABAA receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone is neuroprotective after spinal cord injury , however its mechanism of action remains unexplored .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we used organotypic spinal cord slice cultures from 3 weeks - old mice to evaluate the mechanisms of neuroprotection by progesterone and its 5 alpha - reduced metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro spinal cord injury , using a weight drop model , induced a decrease in the number of motoneurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was correlated with an increase in the number of dying cells ( PI ( + ) cells ) and in LDH release .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of 10 mu M of progesterone , 5 alpha - dihydroprogesterone ( 5 alpha - DHP ) or allopregnanolone ( 3 alpha , 5 alpha - tetrahydroprogesterone ) to the medium at the time of injury rescued the spinal cord slices from the effects of damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "5 alpha - dihydroprogesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 67]}, {"entity": "5 alpha - DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "allopregnanolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 105]}, {"entity": "3 alpha , 5 alpha - tetrahydroprogesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone prevented membrane cell damage , motoneuron loss and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were not due to its bioconversion to 5 alpha - DHP nor to allopregnanolone , as supported by the finasteride , an inhibitor of 5 alpha - reductase enzymes , and by the absence of 5 alpha - reduced progesterone metabolites in the slices analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 alpha - DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "allopregnanolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 88]}, {"entity": "finasteride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuroprotective effects of progesterone required PR as they could not be observed in slices from homozygous knockout PR ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allopregnanolone treatment was also neuroprotective .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allopregnanolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its effects were not due to its bioconversion back to 5 alpha - DHP , which can activate gene transcription via PR , because they were still observed in slices from knockout PR ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 alpha - DHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allopregnanolone effects involved GABAA receptors , as they were inhibited by the selective GABAA receptor antagonist Gabazine , in both PR ( + / + ) and PR ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allopregnanolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Gabazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altogether , these findings identify both PR and GABAA receptors as important targets for neuroprotection by progestagens after spinal cord injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central functional response to the novel peptide cannabinoid , hemopressin .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemopressin is the first peptide ligand to be described for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemopressin acts as an inverse agonist in vivo and can cross the blood - brain barrier to both inhibit appetite and induce antinociception .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite being highly effective , synthetic CB1 inverse agonists are limited therapeutically due to unwanted , over dampening of central reward pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , hemopressin appears to have its effect on appetite by affecting satiety rather than reward , suggesting an alternative mode of action which might avoid adverse side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , to resolve the neuronal circuitry mediating hemopressin ' s actions , we have combined blood - oxygen - level - dependent , pharmacological - challenge magnetic resonance imaging with c - Fos functional activity mapping to compare brain regions responsive to systemic administration of hemopressin and the synthetic CB1 inverse agonist , AM251 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 304]}, {"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [345, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using these complementary methods , we demonstrate that hemopressin activates distinct neuronal substrates within the brain , focused mainly on the feeding - related circuits of the mediobasal hypothalamus and in nociceptive regions of the periaqueductal grey ( PAG ) and dorsal raphe ( DR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to AM251 , there is a distinct lack of activation of the brain reward centres , such as the ventral tegmental area , nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex , which normally form a functional activity signature for the central action of synthetic CB1 receptor inverse agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "AM251", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , hemopressin modulates the function of key feeding - related brain nuclei of the mediobasal hypothalamus , and descending pain pathways of the PAG and DR , and not higher limbic structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , hemopressin may offer behaviourally selective effects on nociception and appetite , without engaging reward pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel method for preparing complete antigens of gonyautoxin 2 , 3 and their feature of immunogenicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "gonyautoxin 2 , 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , a novel method was proposed to prepare artificial antigens of gonyaulax parlaytic shellfish toxin 2 and 3 ( GTX2 , 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTX2 , 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intermediate GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde was first synthesized by activating the NH2 group of the 2nd and 8th amino acid residues with three different aldehydes and two artificial complete antigens GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde - bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) and GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde - keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH ) were then prepared by cross - linking the intermediate with BSA or KLH .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 155]}, {"entity": "GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "GTX2 , 3 - aldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The successful preparation of the two complete antigens was confirmed by UV spectral scanning , HPLC , production of antibodies with titer of 1 . 28 x 10 ( 4 ) from mice immunized with the two complete antigens , indirect ELISA and Western - blot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the synthesized complete antigens have strong immunogenicity , which provides a solid foundation for preparing GTX2 , 3 monoclonal antibody and rapid detection kit .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTX2 , 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A GLUE uncertainty analysis of a drying model of pharmaceutical granules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A shift from batch processing towards continuous processing is of interest in the pharmaceutical industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this transition requires detailed knowledge and process understanding of all consecutive unit operations in a continuous manufacturing line to design adequate control strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be facilitated by developing mechanistic models of the multi - phase systems in the process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since modelling efforts only started recently in this field , uncertainties about the model predictions are generally neglected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , model predictions have an inherent uncertainty ( i . e . prediction uncertainty ) originating from uncertainty in input data , model parameters , model structure , boundary conditions and software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper , the model prediction uncertainty is evaluated for a model describing the continuous drying of single pharmaceutical wet granules in a six - segmented fluidized bed drying unit , which is part of the full continuous from - powder - to - tablet manufacturing line ( Consigma (TM) , GEA Pharma Systems ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A validated model describing the drying behaviour of a single pharmaceutical granule in two consecutive phases is used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First of all , the effect of the assumptions at the particle level on the prediction uncertainty is assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly , the paper focuses on the influence of the most sensitive parameters in the model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , a combined analysis ( particle level plus most sensitive parameters ) is performed and discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To propagate the uncertainty originating from the parameter uncertainty to the model output , the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation ( GLUE ) method is used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method enables a modeller to incorporate the information obtained from the experimental data in the assessment of the uncertain model predictions and to find a balance between model performance and data precision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A detailed evaluation of the obtained uncertainty analysis results is made with respect to the model structure , interactions between parameters and uncertainty boundaries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver X receptors : Emerging therapeutic targets for Alzheimer ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder , typified by the pathological accumulation of beta - amyloid peptides ( A beta ) and neurofibrillary tangles within the brain , culminating to cognitive impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiological and biochemical data have suggested a link between cholesterol content , APP ( amyloid precursor protein ) processing , A beta , inflammation and AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intricacy of the disease presents considerable challenges for the development of newer therapeutic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver X receptors ( LXRa and LXR beta ) are oxysterol activated nuclear receptors that play essential role in lipid and glucose homeostasis , steroidogenesis and inflammatory responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LXR signalling impacts the development of AD pathology through multiple pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports indicate that genetic loss of either lxra or lxr beta in APP / PS1 transgenic mice results in increased amyloid plaque load .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies also suggest that ligand activation of LXRs in Tg2576 mice enhanced , the expression of genes linked with cholesterol efflux e . g . apoe , abca - 1 , down regulated APP processing and A beta production with significant improvement in memory functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LXR agonists have also depicted to inhibit neuroinflammation through modulation of microglial phagocytosis and by repressing the expression of cox2 , mcp1 and iNos in glial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes in brief the biology of LXRs , with an emphasis on their probable pathophysiological mechanisms that may elicit the defending role of these receptors in brains of AD patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction induced by cocaine and cocaine plus morphine in brain and liver mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial function and energy metabolism are affected in brains of human cocaine abusers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine is known to induce mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac and hepatic tissues , but its effects on brain bioenergetics are less documented .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the combination of cocaine and opioids ( speedball ) was also shown to induce mitochondrial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we compared the effects of cocaine and / or morphine on the bioenergetics of isolated brain and liver mitochondria , to understand their specific effects in each tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon energization with complex I substrates , cocaine decreased state - 3 respiration in brain ( but not in liver ) mitochondria and decreased uncoupled respiration and mitochondrial potential in both tissues , through a direct effect on complex I .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine presented only slight effects on brain and liver mitochondria , and the combination cocaine + morphine had similar effects to cocaine alone , except for a greater decrease in state - 3 respiration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain and liver mitochondrial respirations were differentially affected , and liver mitochondria were more prone to proton leak caused by the drugs or their combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was possibly related with a different dependence on complex I in mitochondrial populations from these tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , cocaine and cocaine + morphine induce mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in isolated brain and liver mitochondria , with specific effects in each tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro characterisation of the anti - intravasative properties of the marine product heteronemin .", "entity": [{"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metastases destroy the function of infested organs and are the main reason of cancer - related mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heteronemin , a natural product derived from a marine sponge , was tested in vitro regarding its properties to prevent tumour cell intravasation through the lymph - endothelial barrier .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In three - dimensional ( 3D ) cell cultures consisting of MCF - 7 breast cancer cell spheroids that were placed on lymph - endothelial cell ( LEC ) monolayers , tumour cell spheroids induce \" circular chemorepellent - induced defects \" ( CCIDs ) in the LEC monolayer ; 12 ( S ) - Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 12 ( S ) - HETE ) and NF - kappa B activity are major factors inducing CCIDs , which are entry gates for tumour emboli intravasating the vasculature .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 ( S ) - Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 308]}, {"entity": "12 ( S ) - HETE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [311, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This 3D co - culture is a validated model for the investigation of intravasation mechanisms and of drugs preventing CCID formation and hence lymph node metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Western blot analyses , NF - kappa B reporter , EROD , SELE , 12 ( S ) - HETE , and adhesion assays were performed to investigate the properties of heteronemin .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 ( S ) - HETE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five micromolar heteronemin inhibited the directional movement of LECs and , therefore , the formation of CCIDs , which were induced by MCF - 7 spheroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , heteronemin reduced the adhesion of MCF - 7 cells to LECs and suppressed 12 ( S ) - HETE - induced expression of the EMT marker paxillin , which is a regulator of directional cell migration .", "entity": [{"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "12 ( S ) - HETE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity of CYP1A1 , which contributed to CCID formation , was also inhibited by heteronemin .", "entity": [{"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , heteronemin inhibits important mechanisms contributing to tumour intravasation in vitro and should be tested in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "heteronemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine - Induced Structural Plasticity in Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons Is Mediated by Dopamine D3 Receptors and Akt - mTORC1 Signalling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though long - term exposure to nicotine is highly addictive , one \" beneficial \" consequence of chronic tobacco use is a reduced risk for Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , these effects both reflect structural and functional plasticity of brain circuits controlling reward and motor behavior , and specifically recruitment of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChR ) in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood , we addressed this issue employing primary cultures of mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to nicotine ( 1 - 10 mu M ) for 72 hr in vitro increased dendritic arborization and soma size in primary cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were blocked by mecamylamine and dihydro - beta - erythroidine , but not methyllycaconitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "mecamylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "dihydro - beta - erythroidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "methyllycaconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The involvement of alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR was supported by the lack of nicotine - induced structural remodeling in neurons from alpha 4 null mutant mice ( KO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Challenge with nicotine triggered phosphorylation of the extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) and the thymoma viral proto - oncogene ( Akt ) followed by activation of the mTORC1 - dependent p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upstream pathway blockade using the phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase inhibitor LY294002 resulted in suppression of nicotine - induced phosphorylations and structural plasticity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "LY294002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were dependent upon functional DA D3 receptor ( D3R ) since nicotine was inactive both in cultures from D3R KO mice and following pharmacologic blockade with D3R antagonist SB - 277011 - A ( 50 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "SB - 277011 - A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , exposure to nicotine in utero ( 5 mg / kg / day for 5 days ) resulted in increased soma area of DAergic neurons of newborn mice , effects not observed in D3KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that nicotine - induced structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs together with dopamine D3R - mediated recruitment of ERK / Akt - mTORC1 signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic infertile women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperprolactinemia occurs in 15 - 20 % of women with menstrual disturbances and 30 - 40 % of infertile women and it can adversely affect the fertility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High molecular weight prolactin ( macroprolactin ) has long been known in hyperprolactinemic fertile women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic infertile women is not known .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cross - sectional study was carried out during the period of June 2010 and June 2011 at a single tertiary care centre .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All women who attended the infertility clinic during this period were screened for hyperprolactinemia and only women with hyperprolactinemia and infertility were further studied for the presence of macroprolactin by polyethylene glycol precipitation assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the clinical , hormonal profile and fertility outcome of infertile women with true hyperprolactinemia and macroprolacinemia using appropriate statistical tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 1 , 163 infertile women , 183 ( 15 . 7 % ) had hyperprolactinemia [ 134 ( 73 % ) had primary infertility and 49 ( 27 % ) had secondary infertility ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of these 183 women with hyperprolactinemia , one had microadenoma , 161 had true idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and 21 ( 11 . 5 % ) women had macroprolactinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of oligomenorrhea and galactorrhea were significantly higher in patients with true hyperprolactinemia than macroprolactinemia ( 46 vs . 14 % , p < 0 . 008 and 30 vs . 5 % , p = 0 . 01 respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - two patients ( 13 . 5 % ) of true hyperprolactinemia and two ( 9 % ) in macroprolactinemia became pregnant during the study period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin measurement should be a part of routine evaluation of couples referred to infertility clinics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroprolactin screening is mandatory when clinical features and serum PRL assay results are conflicting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with macroprolactinemia should be investigated for causes of infertility other than hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical Considerations and Practical Approaches to Address the Effect of Anti - drug Antibody ( ADA ) on Quantification of Biotherapeutics in Circulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous improvement in bioanalytical method development is desired in order to ensure the quality of the data and to better support pharmacokinetic ( PK ) and safety studies of biotherapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One area that has been getting increasing attention recently is in the assessment of \" free \" and \" total \" analyte and the impact of the assay format on those assessments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compliment these considerations , the authors provide a critical review of available literature and prospectively explore methods to mitigate the potential impact of anti - drug antibody on PK assay measurement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This challenge is of particular interest and importance since biotherapeutic drugs often elicit an immune response , and thus may have a direct impact on quantification of the drug for its PK and safety evaluations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic characterization of CK2 inhibitor CX - 4945 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over - expression of protein kinase CK2 is highly linked to the survival of cancer cells and the poor prognosis of patients with cancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CX - 4945 , a potent and selective orally bioavailable ATP - competitive inhibitor of CK2 , inhibits the oncogenic cellular events such as proliferation and angiogenesis , and the increase of tumor growth in mouse xenograft model .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the pharmacokinetic information about CX - 4945 was provided ; at 10 mu M , CX - 4945 with high stability in human and rat liver microsome exhibited low percentage of inhibition ( < 10 % ) in CYP450 isoforms ( 1A2 , 2C19 , 3A4 ) , but considerable inhibition ( ~ 70 % ) in CYP450 2C9 and 2D6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In hERG potassium channel inhibition assay , CX - 4945 exhibited relatively low inhibition rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , CX - 4945 showed high MDCK cell permeability ( > 10 x 10 ( - 6 ) cm / s ) and above 98 % of plasma protein binding in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After intravenous administration , Vss ( 1 . 39 l / kg ) and extremely low CL ( 0 . 08 l / kg / h ) were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , orally administrated CX - 4945 showed high bioavailability ( > 70 % ) and these data might be related to the MDCK cell permeability results .", "entity": [{"entity": "CX - 4945", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel 4 - substituted - 2 ( 1H ) - phthalazinone derivatives : synthesis , molecular modeling study and their effects on alpha - receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - substituted - 2 ( 1H ) - phthalazinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel 4 - ( 4 - bromophenyl ) phthalazine derivatives connected via an alkyl spacer to amine or N - substituted piperazine were designed and synthesized as promising alpha - adrenoceptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - ( 4 - bromophenyl ) phthalazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 41]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 92]}, {"entity": "N - substituted piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the phthalazine derivatives were established using elemental and spectral analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve of the tested compounds displayed significant alpha - blocking activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular modeling studies were performed to rationalize the biological results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the tested compounds , 7j displayed the best - fitting score and the highest in vitro activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nickel and Cobalt - Catalyzed Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Alkenes via Heck Reactions and Radical Conjugate Addition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Alkyl Halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cross - coupling of alkyl halides with alkenes leading to Heck - type and addition products is summarized .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of Heck reaction with aliphatic halides although has made significant progress in the past decade and particularly recently , it was much less explored in comparison with the aryl halides .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "aryl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of Ni - and Co - catalyzed protocols allowed efficient Heck coupling of activated and unactivated alkenes with 1 ( o ) , 2 ( o ) and 3 ( o ) alkyl halides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "alkyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , radical conjugate addition to activated alkenes has become a well - established method that has led to efficient construction of many natural products .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utilization of Ni - and Co - catalyzed strategies would avoid toxic tin reagents , and therefore worth exploring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent development of Ni - and Co - catalyzed addition of alkyl halides to alkenes displays much improved reactivity and functional group tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "alkyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this mini - review , we also attempt to overview the mechanisms that are proposed in the reactions , aiming at providing insight into the nickel and cobalt - catalyzed coupling of alkyl halides with alkenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "alkyl halides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 196]}, {"entity": "alkenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyrazolines : a biological review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyrazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyrazoline is an important five membered nitrogen heterocycle , which has been extensively researched upon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyrazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ring is quite stable and has inspired chemists to carry out various structural variations in the ring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has propelled the development of distinct pyrazolines with an array of pharmacological activities viz . anti - inflammatory , analgesic , antimicrobial , anticancer , antidepressant etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review aims at highlighting this pharmacological diversity of pyrazolines .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The review is a gist of latest work done describing the pharmacological aspects and potential of pyrazoline ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanoscale Imaging of Neutral Atoms with a Pulsed Magnetic Lens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a scheme for imaging of neutral atoms to the nanoscale with a pulsed magnetic lens and show its viability through numerical calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This scheme achieves focal lengths on the order of several centimeters and focal spots of less than 10 nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With these results , it is possible to create sub - 10 nm structures on surfaces in a parallel and time - efficient manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When used with metastable noble gas atoms , and in combination with electron spectroscopy , this scheme can create a chemically sensitive microscope which can probe surfaces on the nanometer scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Vitro Fertilization outcomes in treated hypothyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Levothyroxine has been shown to enhance pregnancy outcomes in women with hypothyroidism requiring In Vitro Fertilization ( IVF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the precise magnitude of these benefits remains to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , it has yet to be clarified whether levothyroxine may fully overcome the detrimental effects of hypothyroidism or , conversely , whether affected women remain at reduced prognosis for pregnancy outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Patients who underwent IVF - ICSI ( IVF - intracytoplasmic sperm injection ) over a three - year period were reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cases were deemed eligible if they were diagnosed with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and were receiving levothyroxine .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controls were two subsequently age - matched euthyroid women for every case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cases and controls were selected only if serum TSH was <= 2 . 5 mIU / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : One hundred thirty - seven women with treated hypothyroidism and 274 controls were included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baseline characteristics of the two study groups were similar with the exception of BMI , which was slightly higher among the cases ( 22 . 9 +/- 3 . 9 versus 21 . 9 +/- 3 . 3 Kg / m2 , p = 0 . 013 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most IVF - ICSI cycle outcome variables were also similar with the exception of a higher rate of cancellation for poor response ( 3 . 6 % versus 0 . 7 % , p = 0 . 04 ) , a longer duration of stimulation ( 10 . 9 +/- 2 . 2 versus 10 . 1 +/- 2 . 0 days , p = 0 . 001 ) , a higher proportion of women failing to obtain viable embryos ( 17 % versus 7 % , p = 0 . 006 ) , and a lower fertilization rate ( 75 % versus 86 % , p = 0 . 017 ) among cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , the clinical pregnancy rate per started cycle , the implantation rate and the live birth rate per started cycle did not differ ; they were 36 % and 34 % ( p = 0 . 93 ) , 28 % and 22 % ( p = 0 . 11 ) and 30 % and 27 % ( p = 0 . 50 ) in cases and controls , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subgroup analyses comparing women with ( n = 79 ) and without ( n = 58 ) thyroid autoimmunity and comparing women who were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism ( n = 70 ) or subclinical hypothyroidism ( n = 67 ) failed to identify relevant differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : In our population , IVF - ICSI outcome was not significantly hampered in women with adequately treated hypothyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnitude of the detected differences in cycle outcome was mild and we failed to document any differences for the most relevant outcomes , i . e . pregnancy rate , implantation rate and delivery rate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , adequate levothyroxine treatment maintaining TSH serum levels below 2 . 5 mIU / L may overcome the detrimental effects of hypothyroidism .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos causes behavioral impairments , low activity of brain membrane - bound acetylcholinesterase , and increased brain acetylcholinesterase - R mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlorpyrifos ( CPF ) is an organophosphate ( OP ) insecticide that is metabolically activated to the highly toxic chlorpyrifos oxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlorpyrifos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "chlorpyrifos oxon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary exposure is the main route of intoxication for non - occupational exposures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only limited behavioral effects of chronic dietary exposure have been investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , male Wistar rats were fed a dose of 5mg / kg / day of CPF for thirty - one weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were evaluated in spatial learning and impulsivity tasks after 21 weeks of CPF dietary exposure and one week after exposure ended , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the degree of inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) was evaluated for both the soluble and particulate forms of the enzyme , as well as AChE gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , brain acylpeptide hydrolase ( APH ) was investigated as an alternative target for OP - mediated effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All variables were evaluated at various time points in response to CPF diet and after exposure ended .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from behavioral procedures suggest cognitive and emotional disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , low levels of activity representing membrane - bound oligomeric forms ( tetramers ) were also observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , increased brain AChE - R mRNA levels were detected after four weeks of CPF dietary exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no changes in levels of brain APH were observed among groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data point to a relationship between cognitive impairments and changes in AChE forms , specifically to a high inhibition of the particulate form and a modification of alternative splicing of mRNA during CPF dietary exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro intestinal and hepatic metabolism of Di ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( DEHP ) in human and rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Di ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 77]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Species and organ differences in the intrinsic clearance and the enzymes involved in the metabolism of DEHP were examined in subcellular fractions of the intestine and liver as well as by recombinant cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) isoforms of human and rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimated clearance ( CLint ) of DEHP via esterase - mediated pathway in human intestine was 2 . 4 - fold greater than that in human liver while its value in rat intestine was 1 . 7 - fold less than that in rat liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ranks of CLint for CYP - mediated oxidation / dealkylation of MEHP were human liver > rat liver > human intestine > rat intestine .", "entity": [{"entity": "MEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimates of CLint for the production of mono ( 2 - ethyl - 5 - hydroxyhexyl ) phthalate and mono ( 2 - ethyl - 5 - oxohexyl ) phthalate by human CYP2C9 ( * ) 1 were 4 . 2 - and 2 . 6 - fold greater than those by rat CYP2C6 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "mono ( 2 - ethyl - 5 - hydroxyhexyl ) phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 88]}, {"entity": "mono ( 2 - ethyl - 5 - oxohexyl ) phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total CLint via hCYP2C9 ( * ) 3 - mediated oxidation was 1 . 9 - and 2 . 6 - fold less than those by hCYP2C9 ( * ) 2 and 2C9 ( * ) 1 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimated CLint for phthalic acid production by hCYP3A4 was 24 . 5 mu LnmolCYP ( - 1 ) min ( - 1 ) while it was continuously produced by rCYP2C6 and 3A2 via passive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "phthalic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These species / organ differences in major metabolic pathway and CYP isoforms should be considered for appraisal of the potential adverse health effects of DEHP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electroactive nanoparticle directed assembly of functionalized graphene nanosheets into hierarchical structures with hybrid compositions for flexible supercapacitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical structures of hybrid materials with the controlled compositions have been shown to offer a breakthrough for energy storage and conversion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report the integrative assembly of chemically modified graphene ( CMG ) building blocks into hierarchical complex structures with the hybrid composition for high performance flexible pseudocapacitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation mechanism of hierarchical CMG / Nafion / RuO2 ( CMGNR ) microspheres , which is triggered by the cooperative interplay during the in situ synthesis of RuO2 nanoparticles ( NPs ) , was extensively investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nafion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "RuO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "RuO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the hierarchical CMGNR microspheres consisting of the aggregates of CMG / Nafion ( CMGN ) nanosheets and RuO2 NPs provided large surface area and facile ion accessibility to storage sites , while the interconnected nanosheets offered continuous electron pathways and mechanical integrity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nafion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "RuO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synergistic effect of CMGNR hybrids on the supercapacitor ( SC ) performance was derived from the hybrid composition of pseudocapacitive RuO2 NPs with the conductive CMGNs as well as from structural features .", "entity": [{"entity": "RuO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the CMGNR - SCs showed a specific capacitance as high as 160 F g ( - 1 ) , three - fold higher than that of conventional graphene SCs , and a capacitance retention of > 95 % of the maximum value even after severe bending and 1000 charge - discharge tests due to the structural and compositional features .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beneficial influence of topical extra virgin olive oil application on an experimental model of penile fracture in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penile fracture ( PF ) is known as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we aimed to investigate the healing influence of topical extra virgin olive oil ( EVOO ) on PF through evaluating levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers for the first time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological evaluation was also realized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 18 male Sprague - Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of six rats each as control group , in PF ( alone ) group , and PF + EVOO group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental PF was formed via incising from the proximal dorsal side of the penis in the rats of all groups except control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While in PF ( alone ) group , fracture was formed and the incision was primarily closed , in PF + EVOO group in addition to foregoing processes , EVOO was also administrated topically twice a day for 3 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the experiment , all rats were killed and penectomy was carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While malondialdehyde , myeloperoxidase , lipid hyroperoxide , and total oxidant status significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) increased , reduced glutathione and total free sulfhydryl groups markedly ( p < 0 . 05 ) decreased in PF ( alone ) group when compared with PF + EVOO group .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "hyroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels of these parameters were reversed to nearly normal values by topical EVOO application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protection by EVOO is further substantiated via the improved histological findings in PF + EVOO group as against degenerative changes in the rats of PF ( alone ) group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data revealed that EVOO has protective effect in penile cavernosal tissue through probably its antioxidant , free radical defusing , anti - inflammatory , and antimicrobial effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 2 - ( 3 - Amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl ) chromone Derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 3 - Amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl ) chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we have confirmed that the antiviral activities of the chromone derivatives were controlled by the type as well as the position of the substituents attached to the chromone core structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the course of our ongoing efforts to optimize the antiviral activity of the chromone derivatives , we have been attempting to derivatize the chromone scaffold via introduction of various substituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this proof - of - concept study , we introduced a 3 - amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl functionality to the chromone scaffold and evaluated the antiviral activities of the resulting chromone derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 86]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized 2 - ( 3 - amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl ) - chromones showed severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus ( SARS - CoV ) - specific antiviral activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 3 - amino - 4 - piperazinylphenyl ) - chromones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the 2 - pyridinylpiperazinylphenyl substituents provided the resulting chromone derivatives with selective antiviral activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - pyridinylpiperazinylphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 50]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , this result indicates the possible pharmacophoric role of the 2 - pyridinylpiperazine functionality attached to the chromone scaffold , which warrants further in - depth structure - activity relationship study .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - pyridinylpiperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 102]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Randomly amplified polymorphic - DNA analysis for detecting genotoxic effects of Boron on maize ( Zea mays L . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was carried out to investigate the genotoxic effect of boron ( B ) on maize using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "boron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental design was conducted under 0 , 5 , 10 , 25 , 50 , 100 , 125 , and 150 ppm B exposures , and physiological changes have revealed a sharp decrease in root growth rates from 28 % to 85 % , starting from 25 ppm to 150 ppm , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAPD - polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) analysis shows that DNA alterations are clearly observed from beginning to 100 ppm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B - induced inhibition in root growth had a positive correlation with DNA alterations .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total soluble protein , root and stem lengths , and B content analysis in root and leaves encourage these results as a consequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These preliminary findings reveal that B causes chromosomal aberration and genotoxic effects on maize .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , usage of RAPD - PCR technique is a suitable biomarker to detect genotoxic effect of B on maize and other crops for the future .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTHrP is endogenous relaxant for spontaneous smooth muscle contraction in urinary bladder of female rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute bladder distension causes various morphological and functional changes , in part through altered gene expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to investigate the physiological role of PTHrP , which is upregulated in an acute bladder distension model in female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the control Empty group , bladders were kept empty for 6 h , and in the Distension group , bladders were kept distended for 3 h after an artificial storing - voiding cycle for 3 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Distention group bladder , upregulation of transcripts was noted for three genes reported to be upregulated by stretch in the cultured bladder smooth muscle cells ( BSMC ) in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further transcriptome analysis by microarray identified PTHrP as the 2second highest gene upregulated in Distension group bladder , among more than 27 , 000 genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localization of PTHrP and its functional receptor , PTH / PTHrP receptor 1 ( PTH1R ) , were analyzed in the untreated rat bladders and cultured bladder cells using real - time RT - PCR and immunoblotting , which revealed that PTH1R and PTHrP were more predominantly expressed in smooth muscle than in urothelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exogenous PTHrP peptide ( 1 - 34 ) increased intracellular cAMP level in cultured BSMC .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In organ bath study using bladder strips , the PTHrP peptide caused a marked reduction in the amplitude of spontaneous contraction , but caused only modest suppression for carbachol - induced contraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In in vivo functional study by cystometrogram , the PTHrP peptide decreased voiding pressure and increased bladder compliance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , PTHrP is a potent endogenous relaxant of bladder contraction , and autocrine or paracrine mechanism of PTHrP - PTH1R axis is a physiologically relevant pathway functioning in the bladder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "17 beta - estradiol activates glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation and PI3K / Akt signaling pathway in MCF - 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between estrogen and some types of breast cancer has been clearly established .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , although several studies have demonstrated the relationship between estrogen and glucose uptake via PI3K / Akt in other tissues , not too much is known about the possible cross talk between them for development and maintenance of breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to test the rapid effects of 17 beta - estradiol ( E2 ) or its membrane - impermeable form conjugated with bovine serum albumin ( E2BSA ) on glucose uptake in a positive estrogen receptor ( ER ) breast cancer cell line , through the possible relationship between key components of the PI3K / Akt signaling pathway and acute steroid treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCF - 7 human breast cancer cells were cultured in standard conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then 10nM of 17 beta - estradiol or estradiol BSA conjugated were administrated before obtaining the cell lysates .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To study the glucose uptake , the glucose fluorescent analogue 2 - [ N - ( 7 - nitrobenz - 2 - oxa - 1 , 3 - diazol - 4 - yl ) amino ] - 2 - deoxy - d - glucose was used .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "2 - [ N - ( 7 - nitrobenz - 2 - oxa - 1 , 3 - diazol - 4 - yl ) amino ] - 2 - deoxy - d - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report an ER - dependent activation of some of the key steps of the PI3K / Akt signaling pathway cascade that leads cells to improve some mechanisms that finally increase glucose uptake capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that both E2 and E2BSA enhance the entrance of the fluorescent glucose analogue 2 - NBDG , and also activates s PI3K / Akt signaling pathway , leading to translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in an ER alpha dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "2 - NBDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E2 enhances ER - dependent rapid signaling triggered , partially in the plasma membrane , allowing ER alpha - positive MCF - 7 breast cancer cells to increase glucose uptake , which could be essential to meet the energy demands of the high rate of proliferation .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consumption of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulates gene expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha and gamma and hypoxia - inducible factor 1 alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese adolescents .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long - chain omega - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ( n - 3 PUFA ) supplementation on metabolic state and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese adolescents .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 101]}, {"entity": "n - 3 PUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Obese adolescents ( n = 26 , 10 girls and 16 boys ) aged 12 . 4 +/- 2 . 1 years were assigned to a 12 - week regimen of n - 3 PUFA intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - 3 PUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five times per day , subjects received a food supplement consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) ( 3 g per day , 944 mg EPA , and 2 , 088 mg DHA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "eicosapentaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "docosahexaenoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 125]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "EPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood parameters were measured , and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were analyzed to determine gene expression at baseline and after 12 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Student ' s t test and the Wilcoxon signed - rank test were used to estimate differences in arithmetic means of pre - and post - dietary supplementation for various anthropometric , biochemical , clinical , and gene expression parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 12 weeks , n - 3 PUFA consumption was associated with decreased body mass index ( 29 . 7 +/- 4 . 6 vs . 27 . 8 +/- 4 . 4 kg / m ( 2 ) ; P < 0 . 001 ) , waist circumference ( 93 . 2 +/- 9 . 9 vs . 90 . 5 +/- 10 . 0 cm ; P < 0 . 003 ) , hip circumference ( 102 . 9 +/- 10 . 9 vs . 101 . 1 +/- 10 . 9 cm ; P < 0 . 014 ) , and blood triglyceride levels ( 220 . 8 +/- 27 . 4 vs . 99 . 7 +/- 32 . 7 mg / dL ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - 3 PUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [335, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty acid supplementation / n3 PUFA supplementation was associated with a downregulated expression of the genes encoding PPAR gamma and PGC - 1 alpha ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and an upregulated expression of the genes encoding PPAR alpha ( P < 0 . 007 ) and SREBP1 ( P < 0 . 021 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "n3 PUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expressions of SOD2 ( P < 0 . 04 ) , CAT ( P < 0 . 001 ) , GPX3 ( P < 0 . 032 ) and HIF - 1 alpha protein also decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study demonstrated that n - 3 PUFA consumption and dietary restriction improved the anthropometric parameters and decreased the triglycerides levels of the adolescents , suggesting a reduction in hypoxia in subcutaneous adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - 3 PUFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure of Bradyrhizobium japonicum transcription factor FixK2 unveils sites of DNA binding and oxidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FixK2 is an important regulatory protein that helps activating a large number of genes for the anoxic and microoxic , endosymbiotic and nitrogen - fixing life styles of the alpha - proteobacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FixK2 belongs to the cyclic AMP receptor protein ( CRP ) superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While most CRP - family members are co - regulated by effector molecules , the activity of FixK2 is negatively controlled by oxidation of its single cysteine ( C183 ) located next to the DNA binding domain , and possibly also by proteolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the three - dimensional X - ray structure of FixK2 , a representative of the FixK subgroup of the CRP superfamily .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystallization succeeded only ( i ) when an oxidation - and protease - insensitive protein variant ( C183S - FixK2His6 ) was used , in which C183 was replaced by serine and the C - terminus fused with a hexa - histidine tag , and ( ii ) when this protein was allowed to form a complex with a 30mer double - strand target DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 169]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 179]}, {"entity": "hexa - histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the FixK2 - DNA complex was solved at a resolution of 1 . 77 A in which the protein formed a homodimer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precise protein - DNA contacts were identified which led to an affirmation of the canonical target sequence , the so - called FixK2 box .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - terminus is surface - exposed which might explain its sensitivity to specific cleavage and degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidation - sensitive C183 is also surface - exposed and in close proximity to DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we propose a mechanism whereby the oxo - acids generated after oxidation of the cysteine thiol cause an electrostatic repulsion , thus preventing specific DNA binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxo - acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "cysteine thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanostructured potential of optical trapping using a plasmonic nanoblock pair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed two - dimensional mapping of optical trapping potentials experienced by a 100 nm dielectric particle above a plasmon - resonant gold nanoblock pair with a gap of several nanometers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that the potentials have nanoscale spatial structures that reflect the near - field landscape of the nanoblock pair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When an incident polarization parallel to the pair axis is rotated by 90 degrees , a single potential well turns into multiple potential wells separated by a distance smaller than the diffraction limit ; this is associated with super - resolution optical trapping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we show that the trap stiffness can be enhanced by approximately 3 orders of magnitude compared to that with conventional far - field trapping .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Photoinduced and Thermal Denitrogenation of Bulky Triazoline Crystals : Insights into Solid - to - Solid Transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photoinduced and thermal denitrogenation of crystalline triazolines with bulky substituents leads to the quantitative formation of aziridines in clean solid - to - solid reactions despite very large structural changes in the transition from reactant to product .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "aziridines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the reaction progress by powder X - ray diffraction , solid - state ( 13 ) C CPMAS NMR , solid - state FTIR spectroscopy , and thermal analysis has revealed that solid - to - solid reactions proceed either through metastable phases susceptible to amorphization or by mechanisms that involve a reconstructive phase transition that culminates in the formation of the stable phase of the product .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the key for a solid - to - solid transformation is that the reaction occurs below the eutectic temperature of the reactant and product two - component system , experimental evidence suggests that those reactions will undergo a reconstructive phase transition when they take place above the glass transition temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetics of serotonin receptors and depression : state of the art .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major depression ( MD ) is a major health problem , partly due to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research efforts have mainly focused on alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission , especially in relation to the serotonergic system , due to its key role in the regulation of mood and related biological functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the high heritability of MD ( estimated between 31 % and 42 % for unipolar depression ) , genes coding for key regulators of the serotonergic neurotransmission have been considered as optimal candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present review is focused on the role of genes coding for serotonin receptors in MD pathogenesis , since the serotonin transporter and enzymes involved in serotonin metabolism have been reviewed elsewhere .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the large number of candidate gene studies focusing on genes coding for serotonin receptors , results have been inconsistent .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most replicated findings are the associations between rs6295 ( HTR1A gene ) G allele or G / G genotype and rs6311 ( HTR2A gene ) A allele or A / A genotype and MD or depressive symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preclinical and imaging / post - mortem studies in humans provide strong support for the involvement of HTR1A and HTR2A genes in MD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the inconsistency across previous studies clearly suggests that innovative approaches should be designed in order to overcome the limitations of candidate gene studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , the most appealing methodologies seem to be full exome or genome sequencing , genome - wide pathway analyses , endophenotypes , and epigenetic biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reported tools may assist in the detection of multiple - loci models , which could potentially explain the high percentage of MD susceptibility ascribed to genetic factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key targets and relevant inhibitors for the drug discovery of tuberculosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tuberculosis ) , killing about two million people worldwide each year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in the prevalence of drug - resistant strains of M . tuberculosis in the past decades has renewed focus on the development of new drugs that can treat both drug - sensitive and resistant TB infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M . tuberculosis evades the host immune system and drug regimes by entering dormant phase within macrophage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a consequence , there is a pressing need for new vaccines and antimicrobials to treat persistent infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As clinically used antibiotics target very few essential functions of mycobacterium , it is rational that identification of new targets that are essential for bacterial growth and survival can serve as starting point for designing of novel drugs to cure both drug - sensitive and resistant TB infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the development of molecular biology and structural biology and the availability of the genome sequence of M . tuberculosis , some success has been achieved in the identification of new targets in M . tuberculosis and their relevant inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes about ninety important targets that participate in a range of diverse physiological processes in M . tuberculosis and seven new drugs currently in clinical phase 2 or 3 trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , promising inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and clinical vaccine candidates are highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of the First C - Nucleoside HCV Polymerase Inhibitor ( GS - 6620 ) with Demonstrated Antiviral Response in HCV Infected Patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - Nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "GS - 6620", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection presents an unmet medical need requiring more effective treatment options .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleoside inhibitors ( NI ) of HCV polymerase ( NS5B ) have demonstrated pan - genotypic activity and durable antiviral response in the clinic , and they are likely to become a key component of future treatment regimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NI candidates that have entered clinical development thus far have all been N - nucleoside derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we report the discovery of a C - nucleoside class of NS5B inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "C - nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploration of adenosine analogs in this class identified 1 ' - cyano - 2 ' - C - methyl 4 - aza - 7 , 9 - dideaza adenosine as a potent and selective inhibitor of NS5B .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "1 ' - cyano - 2 ' - C - methyl 4 - aza - 7 , 9 - dideaza adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A monophosphate prodrug approach afforded a series of compounds showing submicromolar activity in HCV replicon assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further pharmacokinetic optimization for sufficient oral absorption and liver triphosphate loading led to identification of a clinical development candidate GS - 6620 .", "entity": [{"entity": "triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "GS - 6620", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a phase I clinical study , the potential for potent activity was demonstrated but with high intra - and interpatient pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicity and Modulation of Cancer - Related Signaling by ( Z ) - and ( E ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - Tetramethoxystilbene Isolated from Eugenia rigida .", "entity": [{"entity": "( Z ) - and ( E ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - Tetramethoxystilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioassay - guided fractionation of the leaves of Eugenia rigida yielded three stilbenes , ( Z ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - tetramethoxystilbene ( 1 ) , ( E ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - tetramethoxystilbene ( 2 ) , and ( E ) - 3 , 5 , 4 ' - trimethoxystilbene ( 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "stilbenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "( Z ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - tetramethoxystilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 138]}, {"entity": "( E ) - 3 , 4 , 3 ' , 5 ' - tetramethoxystilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 195]}, {"entity": "( E ) - 3 , 5 , 4 ' - trimethoxystilbene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were determined using 1D - and 2D - NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sterically hindered Z - stereoisomer 1 , a new natural product , was prepared by time - dependent photoisomerization of the E - isomer ( 2 ) under UV irradiation at lambda 254 nm , while 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 - tetramethoxyphenanthrene ( 5 ) was identified at lambda 365 nm by UHPLC / APCI - MS and NMR spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 5 , 7 - tetramethoxyphenanthrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 3 were tested against a panel of luciferase reporter gene assays that assess the activity of many cancer - related signaling pathways , and the Z - isomer ( 1 ) was found to be more potent than the E - isomer ( 2 ) in inhibiting the activation of Stat3 , Smad3 / 4 , myc , Ets , Notch , and Wnt signaling , with IC50 values between 40 and 80 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both compounds showed similar inhibition against Ap - 1 and NF - kappa B signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , 1 demonstrated cytotoxic activity toward human leukemia cells , solid tumor cells of epidermal , breast , and cervical carcinomas , and skin melanoma , with IC50 values between 3 . 6 and 4 . 3 mu M , while 2 was weakly active against leukemia , cervical carcinoma , and skin melanoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , 2 showed antioxidant activity by inhibition of ROS generation to 50 % at 33 . 3 mu M in PMA - induced HL - 60 cells , while 1 was inactive at 100 mu M ( vs Trolox 1 . 4 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neoclerodanes as Atypical Opioid Receptor Ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neoclerodanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A is the major active component of the hallucinogenic mint plant Salvia divinorum Epling and J a tiva ( Lamiaceae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoclerodane diterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the finding that salvinorin A exerts its potent psychotropic actions through the activation of opioid receptors , the site of action of morphine and related analogues , there has been much interest in elucidating the underlying mechanisms behind its effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects are particularly remarkable because ( 1 ) salvinorin A is the first reported non - nitrogenous opioid receptor agonist and ( 2 ) its effects are not mediated through the previously investigated targets of psychotomimetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Perspective outlines our research program , illustrating a new direction to the development of tools to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of drug tolerance and dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information gained from these efforts is expected to facilitate the design of novel agents to treat pain , drug abuse , and other central nervous system disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Formation of a tyrosine adduct involved in lignin degradation by Trametopsis cervina lignin peroxidase : A novel peroxidase activation mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lignin peroxidase ( LiP ) from Trametopsis cervina has an exposed catalytic tyrosine ( Tyr - 181 ) instead of the conserved tryptophan of other lignin - degrading peroxidases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pristine LiP showed a lag period in veratryl alcohol ( VA ) oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "veratryl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , LiP after turnover with H2O2 / VA ( VA - LiP ) lacked this lag , and H2O2 - pretreated LiP ( H2O2 - LiP ) was inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MS analyses revealed that VA - LiP includes one VA molecule covalently bound to the side - chain of Tyr - 181 , whereas H2O2 - LiP contains hydroxylated Tyr - 181 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No adduct is formed by the Y171N variant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular docking showed that VA binding is favored by sandwich pi stacking with Tyr - 181 and Phe - 89 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tyr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPR spectroscopy after peroxide activation of the pretreated LiPs showed other protein radicals than the tyrosine radical found in pristine LiP , which were assigned to a tyrosine / VA adduct radical in VA - LiP and a dihydroxyphenyalanine radical in H2O2 - LiP .", "entity": [{"entity": "peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "dihydroxyphenyalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 239]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both radicals are able to oxidize large low redox - potential substrates , but H2O2 - LiP is unable to oxidize high redox - potential substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient - state kinetics showed that the tyrosine / VA adduct strongly promotes ( > 100 - fold ) substrate oxidation by compound II , the rate - limiting step in catalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel activation mechanism is involved in ligninolysis , as demonstrated using lignin model substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report on autocatalytic modification , resulting in functional alteration , among class - II peroxidases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nrf2 - dependent neuroprotective activity of diterpenoids isolated from Sideritis spp .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : The species of the genus Sideritis are extensively used in the Mediterranean area in folk medicine for their digestive , antimicrobial , anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties , among others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , Sideritis species as tea infusions are popularly known for improving memory function and cognitive ability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diterpenoids are one of the most abundant and important pharmacological interest of the classes of natural products presented in these medicinal plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : To determine for the first time the neuroprotective effects , based on their antioxidant properties , of the three isolated major diterpenoids andalusol , conchitriol and lagascatriol in an oxidative stress model .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "andalusol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "conchitriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "lagascatriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : H2O2 was used as oxidant inductor and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells as cellular model .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell viability was measured using MTT and LDH assays , lipid peroxidation was determined by HPLC , GSH and GSSG levels assessed by fluorometric techniques , enzymatic activity and protein expression were determined by spectrofometric techniques and Western blot , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Pretreatments with the three diterpenoids significantly attenuated H2O2 - induced changes in mitochondrial integrity and activity ( MTT assay ) , in cell membrane integrity ( LDH assay ) and in cell morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , these diterpenoids inhibited intracellular ROS production H2O2 - induced , reduced lipid peroxidation and counteracted GSH / GSSG changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , both activities and protein expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes ( CAT , SOD , GR , GPx and HO - 1 ) were increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Nrf2 pathway was involved , at least in part , in the protective effects of these diterpenoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These findings suggest that these natural compounds provide significant antioxidant effects in PC12 under for counteracting the oxidative damage H2O2 - induced and their potential role as useful agents for the prevention of those oxidative stress - mediated dementia disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Andalusol was the most active compound among the studied diterpenoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Andalusol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The putative JAK - STAT inhibitor AG490 exacerbates LPS - fever , reduces sickness behavior , and alters the expression of pro - and anti - inflammatory genes in the rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functional significance for activation of inflammatory transcription factors , such as signal transducer and activator of transcription ( STAT3 ) , nuclear factor ( NF ) kappa B or NF - interleukin ( IL ) 6 and their contribution to the induction of brain controlled sickness responses , such as fever , during infection and inflammation is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using AG490 , previously shown to inhibit the STAT3 - and NF - IL6 - signaling pathway , we therefore investigated the central involvement of these two signaling pathways in mediating sickness behavior , fever and accompanying brain inflammation induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats pre - treated i . c . v . with AG490 1 h before the i . p .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS - challenge ( 100 mu g / kg ) showed a modestly exaggerated fever , attenuated adipsia and almost unimpaired locomotor activity compared to LPS - controls receiving vehicle ( i . c . v . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The LPS - induced anorexia was not altered and AG490 did not have any effect on rats receiving PBS ( i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We did observe effects of AG490 on STAT3 - signaling at 4 h , while AG490 - mediated changes in brain activity of inflammatory transcription factors at 8 h were not significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased NF - IL6 and suppressor of cytokines 3 mRNA - expression in AG490 / LPS - treated rats were indicative of a compensative activation at 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , a significant decrease in hypothalamic anti - inflammatory IL - 10 - expression and an increase in inflammatory microsomal prostaglandin E synthase ( mPGES ) mRNA - expression 8 h after LPS - injection was revealed in AG490 pre - treated animals compared to solvent - treated LPS - controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 149]}, {"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , we have shown a dissociation between the effects of central AG490 treatment on fever and components of sickness behavior , which appears to be related to reduced IL - 10 and increased mPGES - expression in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , AG490 might have therapeutic potential to reduce sickness behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "AG490", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinct signaling cascades elicited by different formyl Peptide receptor 2 ( FPR2 ) agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formyl peptide receptor 2 ( FPR2 ) is a remarkably versatile transmembrane protein belonging to the G - protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) family .", "entity": [{"entity": "formyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FPR2 is activated by an array of ligands , which include structurally unrelated lipids and peptide / proteins agonists , resulting in different intracellular responses in a ligand - specific fashion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the anti - inflammatory lipid , lipoxin A4 , several other endogenous agonists also bind FPR2 , including serum amyloid A , glucocorticoid - induced annexin 1 , urokinase and its receptor , suggesting that the activation of FPR2 may result in potent pro - or anti - inflammatory responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "lipoxin A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other endogenous ligands , also present in biological samples , include resolvins , amyloidogenic proteins , such as beta amyloid ( A beta ) - 42 and prion protein ( Prp ) 106 - 126 , the neuroprotective peptide , humanin , antibacterial peptides , annexin 1 - derived peptides , chemokine variants , the neuropeptides , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP ) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP ) - 27 , and mitochondrial peptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "resolvins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "adenylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [373, 382]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon activation , intracellular domains of FPR2 mediate signaling to G - proteins , which trigger several agonist - dependent signal transduction pathways , including activation of phospholipase C ( PLC ) , protein kinase C ( PKC ) isoforms , the phosphoinositide 3 - kinase ( PI3K ) / protein kinase B ( Akt ) pathway , the mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway , p38MAPK , as well as the phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosine kinases , tyrosine kinase receptor transactivation , phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of regulatory transcriptional factors , release of calcium and production of oxidants .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphoinositide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 263]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [433, 441]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [452, 460]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [588, 595]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FPR2 is an attractive therapeutic target , because of its involvement in a range of normal physiological processes and pathological diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review and discuss the most significant findings on the intracellular pathways and on the cross - communication between FPR2 and tyrosine kinase receptors triggered by different FPR2 agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Three New Dolastanes from the Brown Alga Dilophus spiralis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dolastanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new dolastane diterpenes ( 1 - 3 ) and five previously reported perhydroazulenes were isolated from the organic extracts of the brown alga Dilophus spiralis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dolastane diterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "perhydroazulenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure elucidation and the assignment of the relative configurations of the isolated natural products were based on extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data , whereas the absolute configuration of metabolite 2 was determined through its chemical conversion to a previously isolated compound of known configuration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Distal Enhancer Controls Cytokine - dependent Human cPLA2 alpha Gene Expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific control of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 ( cPLA2 alpha or PLA2G4A ) expression modulates arachidonic acid production , thus tightly regulating the downstream effects of pro - and anti - inflammatory eicosanoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 121]}, {"entity": "eicosanoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significance of this pathway in human disease is apparent in a range of pathologies from inflammation to tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While much of the regulation of cPLA2 alpha has focused on post - translational phosphorylation of the protein , studies on transcriptional regulation of this gene have focused only on proximal promoter regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified a DNase I hypersensitive site encompassing a 5 ' distal enhancer element containing a highly conserved consensus AP - 1 site involved in transcriptional activation of cPLA2 alpha by IL - 1 beta .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ChIP , knockdown , knockout and overexpression analyses have shown that c - Jun acts both in a negative and positive regulatory role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transcriptional activation of cPLA2 alpha occurs through the phosphorylation of c - Jun in conjunction with increased association of C / EBP beta with the distal novel enhancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of C / EBP beta with the transcriptional activation complex does not require an obvious DNA binding site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide new and important contributions to the understanding of cPLA2 alpha regulation at the transcriptional level with implications to eicosanoid metabolism , cellular signaling and disease pathogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "eicosanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrahigh - efficiency photocatalysts based on mesoporous Pt - WO3 nanohybrids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 60]}, {"entity": "WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reliable nanocasting method has been developed to synthesize mesoporous hybrids of platinum ( Pt ) nanoparticles decorating tungsten trioxide ( WO3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}, {"entity": "tungsten trioxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The process began with modification of the SBA - 15 template with carbon polymers and Pt nanoparticles accompanied by adsorption of W ( 6 + ) , which was then converted into m - Pt - WO3 composites by heat treatment and subsequent template removal .", "entity": [{"entity": "SBA - 15", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "W ( 6 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "m - Pt - WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic strategy can be easily extended to prepare other mesoporous nanohybrids with metal oxide loaded precious metal composites .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehensive characterizations suggest that the as - developed m - Pt - WO3 nanohybrid exhibits unique properties with mesoporous structure , excellent crystalline structure , and high surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "m - Pt - WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the photocatalytic properties of m - Pt - WO3 nanohybrids were systematically investigated , it was revealed that the m - Pt - WO3 nanohybrids showed great promise for degrading the organic dye under visible light irradiation , which shows an excellent photocatalytic activity that far exceeded those of pure phase mesoporous WO3 and commercial TiO2 ( P25 ) , and was 10 - fold more active than that of the bulk Pt - WO3 catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "m - Pt - WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "m - Pt - WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 334]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [350, 354]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [417, 419]}, {"entity": "WO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [422, 425]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The as - developed synthetic route opens up a new avenue for designing mesoporous hybrid materials for various applications benefiting from the unique porous structure , high surface area , and synergistic effects among constituents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An Active Role for Steroid - binding Globulins : An Update .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been 7 years ( can it really be that long ? ) since we co - edited a volume ( # 38 ) of Hormone and Metabolic Research that focused on evidence that steroid - binding globulins play an active role in the actions of steroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been considerable progress in identifying the location , the physiological actions , and of determining the role of binding globulins in the actions of steroids and identifying a membrane - associated receptor for a binding protein since then and this review will discuss this progress .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of metal - catalyzed dehydrocoupling reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes selected mechanistic insight garnered from reactions that form bonds between main group elements with liberation of hydrogen , dehydrocoupling or dehydropolymerization reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focus has been made where mechanistic study has been done or provides unique insight as compared to previous work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a limited number of catalysts and substrates will be discussed , but a broad range of mechanistic features will be noted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparative approach considering dehydrocoupling reactions that appear to proceed by certain mechanistic steps is taken here , beginning with steps that are well established and general then moving to those that are newer , at least to this application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dominant role of molybdenum in the electrochemical deposition of biological macromolecules on metallic surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "molybdenum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corrosion of CoCrMo , an alloy frequently used in orthopedic implants , was studied with an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance ( QCM ) in three physiologically relevant solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoCrMo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass changes were measured during potentiodynamic tests , showing material deposition in protein solutions at potential levels that caused mass loss when the proteins were not present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) data indicated that the deposited material was primarily organic and therefore was most likely derived from proteins in the electrolyte .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Material deposition consistently occurred at a critical potential and was not dependent on the current density or total charge released into solution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corrosion studies on pure Co , Cr , and Mo in protein solutions found material deposition only on Mo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Mo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesize that organic deposition results from the interaction of Mo ( VI ) with proteins in the surrounding solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mo ( VI )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organic layer is reminiscent of tribochemical reaction layers that form on the surface of CoCrMo hip bearings , suggesting that these types of layers can be formed by purely electrochemical means .", "entity": [{"entity": "CoCrMo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous formation of hydrophobic domains in isolated peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aromatic amino acids are known for their hydrophobicity and the active role they play in protein folding .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aromatic amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigate the intrinsic propensity of small peptides to form hydrophobic domains in the absence of solvent water molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of three aromatic - rich isolated peptides , Ac - Phe - Phe - NH2 ( FF ) , Ac - Trp - Tyr - NH2 ( WY ) , and Ac - Phe - Phe - Phe - NH2 ( FFF ) , all in the gas phase , have been studied by infrared - ultraviolet ( IR / UV ) double resonance laser spectroscopy , aided by dispersion - corrected density functional theory ( DFT - D ) calculations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ac - Phe - Phe - NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Ac - Trp - Tyr - NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "Ac - Phe - Phe - Phe - NH2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous formation of hydrophobic domains is systematically observed , whatever the secondary structure adopted by the backbone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various types of aromatic - aromatic arrangements have been identified and associated to specific secondary structures , illustrating the interplay between the hydrophobic clusters and the backbone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Backbone NH amide groups surrounded by aromatic rings have also been evidenced and are found to contribute significantly to the stabilization of aromatic pairs .", "entity": [{"entity": "NH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the formation of aromatic clusters involving contiguous residues might be a very efficient process leading to the formation of hydrophobic domains in the early stages of protein folding , well before a hydrophobic collapse into the tertiary structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using genomic data to revisit an early example of reproductive character displacement in Haitian Anolis lizards .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pattern of reproductive character displacement ( RCD ) - in which traits associated with reproductive isolation are more different where two species occur together than where they occur in isolation - is frequently attributed to reinforcement , a process during which natural selection acting against maladaptive mating events leads to enhanced prezygotic isolation between species or incipient species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the first studies of RCD to include molecular genetic data was described 40 years ago in a complex of Haitian trunk anole lizards using a small number of allozyme loci .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this example , Anolis caudalis appears to experience divergence in the color and pattern of an extensible throat fan , or dewlap , in areas of contact with closely related species at the northern and southern limits of its range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this case study has been largely overlooked for decades ; meanwhile , explanations for geographic variation in dewlap color and pattern have focused primarily on adaptation to local signalling environments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reinvestigate this example using amplified fragment length polymorphism ( AFLP ) genome scans , mtDNA sequence data , information on dewlap phenotypes and GIS data on environmental variation to test the hypothesis of RCD generated by reinforcement in Haitian trunk anoles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , our phenotypic and genetic results are consistent with RCD at the southern and northern limits of the range of A . caudalis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluate the evidence for reinforcement as the explanation for RCD in Haitian trunk anoles , consider alternative explanations and provide suggestions for future work on the relationship between dewlap variation and speciation in Haitian trunk anoles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitive determination of lead , cadmium and nickel in soil , water , vegetable and fruit samples using STAT - FAAS after preconcentration with activated carbon .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , lead ( Pb ) , cadmium ( Cd ) and nickel ( Ni ) were determined in soil , water , vegetable and fruit samples taken from around oil refinery region in Batman , Turkey .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digestion procedures for samples were optimized and all optimum parameters were used both in digestion and in determination steps .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to determine Pb and Cd , slotted tube atom trap ( STAT ) was used to increase the sensitivity in atomic absorption spectrophotometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preconcentration procedure under the optimum conditions was applied to water , vegetable and fruit samples to determine Pb , Cd and Ni in trace levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In soil samples , concentrations of analytes were found in the range of 4 . 0 +/- 0 . 2 - 12 , 000 +/- 60 mg / kg for Pb , 0 . 15 +/- 0 . 01 - 3 . 0 +/- 0 . 1 mg / kg for Cd and 21 +/- 1 - 65 +/- 3 . 4 mg / kg for Ni .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 173]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all water samples , concentration of Ni was expressed as nanogram per milliliter ( ng / mL ) and found to be higher than Pb and Cd levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 126]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that Pb , Cd and Ni concentrations varied from both plant to plant and in same plants at different experimental sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pb concentrations in vegetable and fruit samples interested varied between 20 +/- 2 and 160 +/- 12 ng / g , and the highest level of Pb was found to be in green pepper taken from 1000 m away from refinery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UVA photoirradiation of benzo [ a ] pyrene metabolites : induction of cytotoxicity , reactive oxygen species , and lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzo [ a ] pyrene ( BaP ) is a prototype for studying carcinogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 105]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have long been interested in studying the phototoxicity of PAHs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we determined that metabolism of BaP by human skin HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in six identified phase I metabolites , for example , BaP trans - 7 , 8 - dihydrodiol ( BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol ) , BaP t - 4 , 5 - diol , BaP t - 9 , 10 - diol , 3 - hydroxybenzo [ a ] pyrene ( 3 - OH - BaP ) , BaP ( 7 , 10 / 8 , 9 ) tetrol , and BaP ( 7 / 8 , 9 , 10 ) tetrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "BaP trans - 7 , 8 - dihydrodiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 181]}, {"entity": "BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 204]}, {"entity": "BaP t - 4 , 5 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 229]}, {"entity": "BaP t - 9 , 10 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 253]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxybenzo [ a ] pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 285]}, {"entity": "3 - OH - BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 300]}, {"entity": "BaP ( 7 , 10 / 8 , 9 ) tetrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 334]}, {"entity": "BaP ( 7 / 8 , 9 , 10 ) tetrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 370]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The photocytotoxicity of BaP , 3 - OH - BaP , BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol , BaP trans - 7 , 8 - diol - anti - 9 , 10 - epoxide ( BPDE ) , and BaP ( 7 , 10 / 8 , 9 ) tetrol in the HaCaT keratinocytes was examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "3 - OH - BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "BaP trans - 7 , 8 - diol - anti - 9 , 10 - epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 119]}, {"entity": "BPDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 126]}, {"entity": "BaP ( 7 , 10 / 8 , 9 ) tetrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When irradiated with 1 . 0 J / cm ( 2 ) UVA light , these compounds when tested at doses of 0 . 1 , 0 . 2 , and 0 . 5 mu M , all induced photocytotoxicity in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When photoirradiation was conducted in the presence of a lipid ( methyl linoleate ) , BaP metabolites , BPDE , and three related PAHs , pyrene , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 - tetrahydro - BaP trans - 7 , 8 - diol , and 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 - tetrahydro - BaP trans - 9 , 10 - diol , all induced lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl linoleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "BaP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "BPDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "pyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "7 , 8 , 9 , 10 - tetrahydro - BaP trans - 7 , 8 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 199]}, {"entity": "7 , 8 , 9 , 10 - tetrahydro - BaP trans - 9 , 10 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of lipid peroxides by BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol was inhibited by NaN3 and enhanced by deuterated methanol , which suggests that singlet oxygen may be involved in the generation of lipid peroxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "BaP t - 7 , 8 - diol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "NaN3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "deuterated methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 114]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formation of lipid hydroperoxides was partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroperoxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron spin resonance spin trapping experiments indicated that both singlet oxygen and superoxide radical anion were generated from UVA photoirradiation of BPDE in a light dose responding manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "BPDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid self - healable poly ( ethylene glycol ) hydrogels formed by selective metal - phosphate interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 46]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapid self - healable and biocompatible hydrogels were prepared using the selective formation of metal - ligand interactions between selected metal ions and phosphate end groups of poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 205]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphate - terminated branch of PEG was synthesized via a substitution reaction of the hydroxyl end groups using phosphoryl chloride .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "phosphoryl chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gelation and gel properties including rheological properties can be tuned by the careful selection of metal ions , branch numbers , and temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , the gels rapidly formed by trivalent metal ions such as Fe ( 3 + ) , V ( 3 + ) , Al ( 3 + ) , Ti ( 3 + ) , and Ga ( 3 + ) have relatively small ionic radii .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "V ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "Al ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Ti ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "Ga ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ligand substitution rates also affected the repeatable autonomic healing ability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also demonstrated a gel - sol / sol - gel transition by switching the redox states of Fe ( 3 + ) / Fe ( 2 + ) ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "Fe ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Learning from biological systems , the proposed phosphate - metal ion based self - healable hydrogels could become an attractive candidate for various biomedical and environmental applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End - Product ( sRAGE ) / Pentosidine Ratio : A Potential Risk Factor Determinant for Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aims to investigate potential diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) risk factors by evaluating the circulating levels of pentosidine , soluble receptor for advanced glycation end - product ( sRAGE ) , advanced oxidation protein product ( AOPP ) as well as glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities in DR patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 268]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 235 healthy controls , 171 type 2 diabetic without retinopathy ( DNR ) and 200 diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) patients were recruited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma was extracted for the estimation of pentosidine , sRAGE , AOPP levels and GPx activity whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were disrupted for SOD activity measurement .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNR and DR patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine , sRAGE and AOPP but lower GPx and SOD activities when compared to healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sRAGE / pentosidine ratio in DR patients was significantly lower than the ratio detected in DNR patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proliferative DR patients had significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine , sRAGE , AOPP and sRAGE / pentosidine ratio than non - proliferative DR patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High HbA1c level , long duration of diabetes and low sRAGE / pentosidine ratio were determined as the risk factors for DR .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study suggests that sRAGE / pentosidine ratio could serve as a risk factor determinant for type 2 DR as it has a positive correlation with the severity of DR .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentosidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dioscin - induced autophagy mitigates cell apoptosis through modulation of PI3K / Akt and ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human lung cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous study has revealed that dioscin , a compound with anti - inflammatory , lipid - lowering , anticancer and hepatoprotective effects , may induce autophagy in hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival and tissue homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the role of autophagy and related signaling pathways during dioscin - induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from 4 ' - 6 - diamidino - 2 - phenylindole and annexin - V / PI double - staining assay showed that caspase - 3 - and caspase - 8 - dependent , and dose - dependent apoptoses were detected after a 24 - h dioscin treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 ' - 6 - diamidino - 2 - phenylindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 51]}, {"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , autophagy was detected as early as 12 h after an exposure to low - dose dioscin , as indicated by an up - regulated expression of LC3 - II and beclin - 1 proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of autophagy with bafilomycin A1 or 3 - methyladenine sensitized the A549 and H1299 cells to apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "bafilomycin A1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "3 - methyladenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of A549 and H1299 cells with dioscin caused a dose - dependent increase in ERK1 / 2 and JNK1 / 2 activity , accompanied with a decreased PI3K expression and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , this study demonstrated for the first time that autophagy occurred earlier than apoptosis during dioscin - induced human lung cancer cell line apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dioscin - induced autophagy via ERK1 / 2 and JNK1 / 2 pathways may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival against dioscin - induced apoptosis to act as a cytoprotective reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "dioscin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Cembranoids from a South China Sea Soft Coral , Lobophytum sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cembranoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical examination of a South China Sea soft coral Lobophytum sp . led to the isolation of three new alpha - methylene - gamma - lactone - containing cembranoids , ( 1R * , 3R * , 4R * , 14R * , 7E , 11E ) - 3 , 4 - epoxycembra - 7 , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - trien - 16 , 14 - olide ( 1 ) , ( 1R * , 7S * , 14S * , 3E , 11E ) - 7 - hydroperoxycembra - 3 , 8 ( 19 ) , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - tetraen - 16 , 14 - olide ( 2 ) , and ( 1R * , 7S * , 14S * , 3E , 11E ) - 18 - acetoxy - 7 - hydroperoxycembra - 3 , 8 ( 19 ) , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - tetraen - 16 , 14 - olide ( 3 ) , along with eleven known analogues 4 - 14 .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - methylene - gamma - lactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 138]}, {"entity": "cembranoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "( 1R * , 3R * , 4R * , 14R * , 7E , 11E ) - 3 , 4 - epoxycembra - 7 , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - trien - 16 , 14 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 276]}, {"entity": "( 1R * , 7S * , 14S * , 3E , 11E ) - 7 - hydroperoxycembra - 3 , 8 ( 19 ) , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - tetraen - 16 , 14 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 403]}, {"entity": "( 1R * , 7S * , 14S * , 3E , 11E ) - 18 - acetoxy - 7 - hydroperoxycembra - 3 , 8 ( 19 ) , 11 , 15 ( 17 ) - tetraen - 16 , 14 - olide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [416, 549]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis , including 1D and 2D NMR data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against the selected tumor cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 2 and 3 were found to be moderate inhibitors against the bacteria S . aureus and S . pneumoniae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Autism and related pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) are characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication , restricted interests , and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individuals with PDD frequently display irritability and disruptive behaviors including tantrums , self - injurious behavior , and aggression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atypical antipsychotics are currently the most efficacious pharmacological interventions available for treatment of irritability associated with PDD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : This article aims to review the body of literature pertaining to the use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with PDD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A PubMed literature search was conducted using the following key words : autism , pervasive developmental disorders , atypical antipsychotics , risperidone , aripiprazole , quetiapine , ziprasidone , olanzapine , clozapine , paliperidone , iloperidone , asenapine , and lurasidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "aripiprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "ziprasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 232]}, {"entity": "paliperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 247]}, {"entity": "iloperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 261]}, {"entity": "asenapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 273]}, {"entity": "lurasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [280, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Search terms were limited to English language , human subjects , and publication from 1999 to present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant references from identified articles were also reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The efficacy and tolerability of risperidone and aripiprazole for the treatment of irritability in autism have been established with multi - site , randomized , controlled trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "aripiprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies supporting the use of other atypical antipsychotics are either limited in scope or less robust in their findings , though newer agents such as ziprasidone and paliperidone show promise .", "entity": [{"entity": "ziprasidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "paliperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Atypical antipsychotics are currently first - line pharmacological agents for the treatment of irritability and associated behaviors in children with PDD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further placebo - controlled studies are warranted to characterize the efficacy and tolerability of the majority of these medications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is also a need for the development of novel , targeted drugs with more favorable long - term side effect profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and Regulation of Biosimilars : Current Status and Future Challenges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biologic medicinal products developed via rDNA technology as recombinant protein - based medicines that have been in clinical use since the early 1980s as original biopharmaceuticals have greatly contributed to the therapy of severe metabolic and degenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recent expiration of the data protection or patents for most of them created opportunities for the development of copy versions of original biopharmaceuticals with similar biologic activity ( termed biosimilars ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production of these new products is expected to meet worldwide demand , promote market competition , maintain the incentives for innovation , and sustain the healthcare systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The licencing of these products , however , relies on the experience gained with the original biopharmaceuticals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical issues related to this class of medicinal products include their terminology ( to avoid confusion with generics and non - innovator copy versions that have not been tested according to the biosimilar guidelines ) , manufacturing , and regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The European Union ( EU ) has been the first to establish a regulatory framework for marketing authorization application ( MAA ) and has named these products biosimilars , a term also recently adopted by the US FDA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike the conventional , more common small molecular weight human medicines and chemical generics , protein - based medicines exhibit higher molecular weight , complexity in structure and function that can be affected by changes in the manufacturing process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , biosimilars represent a relatively heterogeneous class of medicinal products that make their regulation quite challenging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the current understanding in the EU , a biosimilar is a copy version of an already authorized biopharmaceutical ( or reference product ) with similar biologic activity , physicochemical characteristics , efficacy , and safety , based on a full comparability exercise at quality , preclinical and clinical level to ensure similar efficacy and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guidance has been provided through several Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use ( CHMP ) guidelines as well as individual scientific advice requested from the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) by various companies for the development and regulation of biosimilars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review is mainly focused on the current status of regulation of biosimilars in the EU as well as on future challenges lying ahead for the improvement of the requirements needed for the marketing authorization of biosimilars .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emphasis is given on the quality requirements concerning these medicinal products ( biologics ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evolving role of antifungal susceptibility testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although increasing numbers of hospital microbiology laboratories are performing antifungal susceptibility testing ( AST ) , its routine use is uncommon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The utility of AST is founded on the belief that susceptibility ( or resistance ) of an agent allows some prediction of clinical outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review provides an overview of the development of antifungal susceptibility testing methodology , including wild - type minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) distributions , epidemiologic breakpoints , and Interpretive Clinical Breakpoints for antifungal agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we examine the current clinical utility of AST and the clinical data support utilized in the development of clinical breakpoints ( CBP ) for common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the treatment of fungal infections , identifying consistent correlations between MICs - or susceptibility category - and clinical outcomes is an ongoing challenge , and current data sets are insufficient for many drugs and pathogens to enable the development , revision , or confirmation of CBPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antifungal susceptibility testing is of current value , but further research in many areas is needed before MICs are independently used to guide treatment decisions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of Interleukin - 1 Inhibitors in the Management of Gout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interleukin - 1 ( IL - 1 ) inhibitors potentially have a role as antiinflammatory agents in refractory gout or for patients who are unable to tolerate conventional therapy , such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) , colchicine , or glucocorticoids , for acute attacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , IL - 1 inhibitors may also help patients with polyarticular and tophaceous gout by making them less vulnerable to breakthrough attacks during initiation of chronic urate - lowering treatment , the mainstay of gout therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because evidence highlights the role of proinflammatory cytokine IL - 1 in the inflammation process during an acute gouty attack , IL - 1 inhibitors are used to modulate the pathogenesis of a variety of autoinflammatory diseases , providing support for its potential role in the inflammatory process of gout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After NSAIDs , colchicine , and steroids , IL - 1 inhibitors are beneficial as fourth - line therapy for acute gout attacks due to their high cost and limited clinical experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "colchicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IL - 1 inhibitors used in gout are anakinra , canakinumab , and rilonacept .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on published evidence , anakinra has limited support in the form of anecdotal case reports to justify its use for treating gout .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Canakinumab ' s toxic profile in clinical trials precludes its use in treating patients for gout , and rilonacept shows promise with a few well - designed studies to support its use in gout patients initiating urate - lowering treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When combined with current traditional therapies , these newer agents present clinicians and patients with more potential treatment options in the difficult - to - treat gout population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence and costs of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse drug reactions ( ADRs ) increase morbidity , mortality , and hospital costs in children treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ( PICU ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Few studies have reported the incidence and risk factors of ADRs in PICU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study aimed to evaluate incidence , risk factors , and economic burden of ADRs in PICU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An intensive ADR surveillance was conducted at the PICU of Children ' s Hospital of Michigan between November 1 , 2010 and May 31 , 2011 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trigger list was used to screen for suspected ADR cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 697 consecutive PICU admissions reviewed , 13 . 1 % experienced at least one episode of ADR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ADR incidence was 22 % in patients with cardiovascular ( CV ) surgery and 11 . 5 % in other patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most frequently detected ADR was electrolyte imbalance associated with diuretic exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean age at admission was 4 years ( interquartile range : 9 months - 13 years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors for ADR included young age ( < 1 year ) , Pediatric Risk of Mortality ( PRISM ) score upon admission >= 3 , and administration of >= 16 medications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADRs increased total ICU costs by 3 . 5 - fold and length of ICU stay by 3 . 8 - fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased ADR surveillance of high risk patients in conjunction with early intervention may reduce drug related morbidity and costs in the PICU .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of bone quality at the distal radius between Asian and Caucasian adolescents and young adults : An HR - pQCT study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paradoxically , Asians have lower areal bone mineral density , but their rates of hip and wrist fractures are lower than Caucasians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we used high - resolution pQCT ( HR - pQCT ) to determine whether differences in bone macro - and microstructure , BMD and bone strength at the distal radius are apparent in Asian ( n = 91 , 53 males , 38 females , 17 . 3 +/- 1 . 5 yrs ) and Caucasian ( n = 89 , 46 males , 43 females , 18 . 1 +/- 1 . 8 yrs ) adolescents and young adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HR - pQCT outcomes included total BMD ( Tt . BMD ) , trabecular bone volume fraction ( BV / TV ) , trabecular number ( Tb . N ) , thickness ( Tb . Th ) and separation ( Tb . Sp ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used an automated segmentation algorithm to determine total bone area ( Tt . Ar ) , cortical BMD ( Ct . BMD ) , porosity ( Ct . Po ) and thickness ( Ct . Th ) , and we applied finite element analysis to HR - pQCT scans to estimate bone strength .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We fit sex - specific multivariable regression models to compare bone outcomes between Asians and Caucasians , adjusting for age , age at menarche ( girls ) , lean mass , ulnar length , dietary calcium intake and physical activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In males , after adjusting for covariates , Asians had 11 % greater Tt . BMD , 8 % greater Ct . BMD and 25 % lower Ct . Po than Caucasians ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , Asians had 9 % smaller Tt . Ar and 27 % greater Ct . Th ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In females , Asians had smaller Tt . Ar than Caucasians ( 16 % , p < 0 . 001 ) , but this difference was not significant after adjusting for covariates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asian females had 5 % greater Ct . BMD , 12 % greater Ct . Th and 11 % lower Tb . Sp than Caucasians after adjusting for covariates ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estimated bone strength did not differ between Asian and Caucasian males or females .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study supports the notion of compensatory elements of bone structure that sustain bone strength ; smaller bones as observed between those of Asian compared with Caucasian origin , have , on average , more dense , less porous and thicker cortices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether ethnic differences in bone structure exist in childhood , persist into old age and whether they influence fracture risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of Phytolacca americana Extracts on Gene Expression of Colon Cancer Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Native Americans have used Phytolacca americana to treat breast ailments , gastrointestinal disorders , rashes , and inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some anti - cancer and anti - viral research has been reported on this perennial herb , but none has been published concerning the effects of its extracts on cancer cell genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , changes in gene expression at the transcription level were evaluated in HCT - 116 colon cancer cells after exposure to P . americana ethanol extract and its water fraction using the Human Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the genes significantly affected in HCT - 116 cells exposed to the ethanol extract at 3200 micro g / ml , changes in expression of MYC , PLAU , and TEK may benefit the treatment of colon cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposing the cells to 1600 micro g / ml of the water fraction resulted in several gene changes that may also be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer : NME4 , TEK , and THBS1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few genes on this array that are known to play a specific role in colon cancer had activities changed in a way that may be detrimental in the treatment of colon cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies should be performed to understand how these changes would impact colon cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furanodiene Presents Synergistic Anti - proliferative Activity With Paclitaxel Via Altering Cell Cycle and Integrin Signaling in 95 - D Lung Cancer Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Furanodiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furanodiene ( FUR ) is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae , a well - known Chinese medicinal herb that presents anti - proliferative activities in several cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Furanodiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "FUR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "terpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we found that the combined treatment of FUR with paclitaxel ( TAX ) showed synergetic anti - proliferative activities in 95 - D lung cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "FUR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "TAX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we showed that FUR reduced the cell numbers distributed in mitosis phase induced by TAX while increased those in G1 phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "FUR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "TAX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protein levels of cyclin D1 , cyclin B1 , CDK6 and c - Myc were all down - regulated in the group of combined treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dramatically down - regulated expression of integrin beta 4 , focal adhesion kinase and paxillin might partially contribute to the synergic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though FUR alone obviously induced endoplasmic reticulum stress , this signaling pathway may not contribute to the synergetic anti - proliferative effect as the protein expression of CHOP and BIP was similar in FUR alone and combined treatment group .", "entity": [{"entity": "FUR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "FUR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Mineral Extract from red Algae Ameliorates Chronic Spontaneous Colitis in IL - 10 Deficient Mice in a Mouse Strain Dependent Manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inflammatory bowel disease is an urgent public health problem with a high incidence in developed countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alterations of lifestyle or dietary interventions may attenuate the disease progression and increase the efficacy of current therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we tested the effect of chronic supplementation with a mineral extract from red marine algae - rich in calcium ( 34 % ) , magnesium , phosphorus , selenium and other trace minerals - in a clinically relevant model of spontaneous enterocolitis , interleukin ( IL ) - 10 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mineral extract was administered in the drinking water of Il10 ( - / - ) mice on C57BL / 6 J and BALB / c strain backgrounds for 25 weeks commencing from 3 to 4 weeks of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mineral extract ameliorated the spontaneous development of colitis and severity of disease in Il10 ( - / - ) mice on a C57BL / 6 J background .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mineral extract - treated Il10 ( - / - ) C57BL / 6 J strain mice had significantly reduced mortality , circulating levels of serum Amyloid A and reduced colonic tissue damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , comparable treatment of Il10 ( - / - ) mice on a BALB / c background with the mineral extract did not alter the course of colitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that chronic supplementation with a natural mineral extract selectively ameliorates spontaneous mild - moderate colitis in Il10 ( - / - ) mice on a C57BL / 6 J , but does not attenuate more moderate - severe colitis in BALB / c strain animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression , purification and proteomic analysis of recombinant histone H4 acetylated at lysine 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many histone covalent modifications have been identified and shown to play key regulatory roles in eukaryotic transcription , DNA damage repair , and replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro experiments designed to understand the mechanistic role of individual modifications require the availability of substantial quantities of pure histones , homogeneously modified at specific residues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have applied the amber stop codon / suppressor tRNA strategy to the production of histone H4 acetylated at lysine 16 , a particularly important isoform of this histone .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our success relies on adapting the H4 DNA sequence to the codon preference of E . coli and on preventing the premature decay of the H4 mRNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These modifications to the original procedure render it easily applicable to the generation of any covalently modified histone H4 isoform .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SiCN : SiCN Nanofibers with a Diameter Below 100 nm Synthesized via Concerted Block Copolymer Formation , Microphase Separation , and Crosslinking ( Small 7 / 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "SiCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SiCN fibers with a mean diameter of 50 nm and an aspect ratio of up to 100 are produced in a two - step process by R .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kempe and co - workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key step to fabricate the longitudinal and crosssectional views of the mesofibers shown here is a concerted block - copolymer synthesis , microphase separation , and cross linking at 140 degrees C followed by pyrolysis at 1100 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inexpensive components like a commercially available silazane and polyethylene are linked .", "entity": [{"entity": "silazane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fibers may find application in electronic devices , as components of ceramic matrix composites , as fiber beds in hightemperature nano - filtering like diesel fine dust removal , or as thermally robust and chemically inert catalyst supports .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the SiCN nanofibers introduced on page 984 are a promising alternative to ultrathin carbon fibers , due to their oxidation resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "SiCN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene in Light : Design , Synthesis and Applications of Photo - active Graphene and Graphene - Like Materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene functionalized with photo - active units has become one of the most exciting topics of research in the last few years , which remarkably sustains and expands the graphene boom .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rise of photo - active graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is evidenced by a spate of recent reports on topics ranging from photodetectors , photovoltaics , and optoelectronics to photocatalysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For these applications , the fabrication of photo - active graphene through appropriate chemical functionalization strategies is essential as pristine graphene has zero bandgap and only weak absorption of photons .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Written from the chemists ' point of view , up - to - date chemical functionalization of graphene with various small organic molecules , conjugated polymers , rare - earth components , and inorganic semiconductors is reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particular attention is paid to the development of graphene functionalized with light - harvesting moieties , including materials synthesis , characterization , energy / charge - transfer processes , and applications in photovoltaics .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Challenges currently faced by researchers and future perspectives in this field are also discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potent Agonists of a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Cytokine Receptor , c - Mpl .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several growth factors feature prominently in the control of hematopoiesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombopoietin , a class I hematopoietic cytokine , plays critical roles in regulating hematopoietic stem cell numbers and also stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes , the bone marrow cells that ultimately produce platelets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombopoietin interacts with the c - Mpl cell - surface receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , several peptide and small - molecule agonists and antagonists of c - Mpl have been reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a bioinformatics and molecular modeling study aimed at understanding the agonist activities of peptides that bind to c - Mpl , and developed new potent peptide agonists with low nanomolar activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These agonists also show very high activity in human CD34 ( + ) primary cell cultures , and doubled the mean blood platelet counts when injected into mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amorphous Ni ( OH ) 2 Nanoboxes : Fast Fabrication and Enhanced Sensing for Glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( OH ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inspired by Pearson ' s hard and soft acid - base ( HSAB ) principle , uniform amorphous Ni ( OH ) 2 nanoboxes with intact shell structures and various sizes are quickly fabricated by deliberately selecting S2 O3 ( 2 - ) as the coordinating etchant toward Cu2 O templates and optimizing the reaction conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( OH ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "S2 O3 ( 2 - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 220]}, {"entity": "Cu2 O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is found that not only the solvent system but also the employing of a surfactant is vital for the fabrication of the nanoboxes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ni ( OH ) 2 nanoboxes , as an example , demonstrate an improved electrochemical sensing ability for glucose , which might be due to their amorphous and hollow structural features .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni ( OH ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Thyroxine Absorption Test Followed by Weekly Thyroxine Administration : A Method to Assess Non - Adherence to Treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "Thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : For patients , who remain hypothyroid despite the administration of what would seem adequate doses of levothyroxine , the underlying cause can be difficult to determine .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possibility of a biological cause should first be explored ; however , in the majority of cases poor adherence to medication is likely to be the main cause of treatment failure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When non - adherence is suspected but not volunteered , options to confirm the suspicion are limited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we identified patients for whom known drug and pathological causes of levothyroxine malabsorption were excluded and despite often high doses of levothyroxine , the patients remained hypothyroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Using a weight - determined oral levothyroxine bolus administration , absorption was initially assessed in twenty - three patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nearly all patients this was shown to be maximal at 120mins post ingestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was then followed by the continued administration of a weekly thyroxine bolus for a four - week period after which TSH and free T4 levels were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All patients showed a rise in free T4 at 120mins following the administration of the levothyroxine bolus , with a mean increase of 54 +/- 3 % from baseline .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the treatment period , using an equivalent weekly levothyroxine dose which was significantly less than that of the daily dose taken by the patients before the test , the TSH reduced from baseline in ~ 75 % of cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Using this combination of tests allows significant malabsorptive problems to be first identified , then potential non - adherence to be demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A management plan can then be implemented to increase adherence , aiming to improve treatment outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pressor and renal regional hemodynamic effects of urotensin II in neonatal pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "urotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal expression of the peptide hormone urotensin II ( UII ) and its receptor ( UTR ) are dependent on kidney maturation and anatomical regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "urotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "UII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , renal regional hemodynamic effects of UII in neonates are unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "UII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated regional hemodynamic responses to acute intrarenal arterial administration of UII in newborn pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "UII", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence confirmed UTR expression and membrane localization in newborn pig renal afferent arterioles and afferent arteriolar smooth muscle cells respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intrarenal arterial bolus injections of human UII ( hUII ; 1 - 100 ng / kg ) resulted in a dose - dependent decrease in total renal blood flow ( RBF ) and an increase in mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) and renal vascular resistance ( RVR ) in newborn pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , hUII dose dependently reduced cortical blood flow ( CBF ) but increased medullary blood flow ( MBF ) in the piglets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hUII - induced MAP elevation and hemodynamic changes were inhibited by urantide , a UTR antagonist , but not losartan , a type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "urantide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "U - 73122 , a phospholipase C ( PLC ) inhibitor , and 2 - aminoethoxydiphenyl borate , an inositol 1 , 4 , 5 trisphosphate ( IP3 ) receptor antagonist , attenuated hUII - induced MAP and RVR elevations , RBF and CBF reductions , but not MBF increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "U - 73122", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "2 - aminoethoxydiphenyl borate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 84]}, {"entity": "inositol 1 , 4 , 5 trisphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that intrarenal arterial administration of hUII elevates blood pressure and induces region - selective renal hemodynamic changes in newborn pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data also suggest that the PLC / IP3 signaling pathway contributes to hUII - induced alterations in MAP , RBF , RVR , and CBF but not MBF in newborn pigs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal expression of glucosylceramide synthase in central nervous system regulates body weight and energy homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosylceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypothalamic neurons are main regulators of energy homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuronal function essentially depends on plasma membrane - located gangliosides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work demonstrates that hypothalamic integration of metabolic signals requires neuronal expression of glucosylceramide synthase ( GCS ; UDP - glucose : ceramide glucosyltransferase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosylceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 129]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a major mechanism of central nervous system ( CNS ) metabolic control , we demonstrate that GCS - derived gangliosides interacting with leptin receptors ( ObR ) in the neuronal membrane modulate leptin - stimulated formation of signaling metabolites in hypothalamic neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , ganglioside - depleted hypothalamic neurons fail to adapt their activity ( c - Fos ) in response to alterations in peripheral energy signals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , mice with inducible forebrain neuron - specific deletion of the UDP - glucose : ceramide glucosyltransferase gene ( Ugcg ) display obesity , hypothermia , and lower sympathetic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "ceramide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recombinant adeno - associated virus ( rAAV ) - mediated Ugcg delivery to the arcuate nucleus ( Arc ) significantly ameliorated obesity , specifying gangliosides as seminal components for hypothalamic regulation of body energy homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - dependent pharmacokinetics of bulleyaconitine A in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "bulleyaconitine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bulleyaconitine A ( BLA ) after oral gavage and intravenous administration of BLA at a single dose of 0 . 04 , 0 . 12 , 0 . 36 mg / kg ( oral ) or 0 . 02 mg / kg ( i . v . ) in male Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "bulleyaconitine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 94]}, {"entity": "BLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "BLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma concentration profiles were analysed using a non - compartmental pharmacokinetic method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following i . v . 0 . 02 mg / kg and oral administration 0 . 04 , 0 . 12 or 0 . 36 mg / kg , the geometric mean Cmax values were 19 . 97 , 2 . 11 , 5 . 11 and 11 . 47 ng / ml , respectively ; the corresponding geometric mean AUC ( 0 - t ) values were 10 . 50 , 3 . 19 , 9 . 59 and 18 . 10 ng x h / ml , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median Tmax values were 0 . 033 , 0 . 167 , 0 . 167 and 0 . 167 h , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terminal elimination half - lives ( t1 / 2 ) were 1 . 23 , 2 . 48 , 1 . 93 and 2 . 17h , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that Cmax and AUC ( 0 - t ) increased with increasing doses of BLA .", "entity": [{"entity": "BLA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in exposure with increasing dose was lower than expected under conditions of strict proportionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticancer activity of the liposome - encapsulated cyclic dipeptides , cyclo ( His - Gly ) and cyclo ( His - Ala ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 68]}, {"entity": "cyclo ( His - Gly )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "cyclo ( His - Ala )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclic dipeptides have been well characterized for their biological activity , including antimicrobial and anticancer activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclic dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclo ( His - Gly ) and cyclo ( His - Ala ) have also recently demonstrated significant anticancer activity against a range of cell lines , however , as a result of their physicochemistry , namely high solubility and low lipophilicity , it can be predicted that cellular permeability would be low , making them ideal candidates for liposome drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclo ( His - Gly )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "cyclo ( His - Ala )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liposomes were composed of phosphatidylcholine , hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine ( HSPC ) , stearylamine , alpha - tocopherol and 1 , 2 - distearoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphoethanolamine - N - [ amino ( polyethylene glycol ) - 2000 ] ( PEG - DSPE ) or folate - polyethylene glycol - cholesteryl hemisuccinate ( F - PEG - CHEMS ) using the thin - film hydration method and characterized for size and encapsulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "stearylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "alpha - tocopherol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 130]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - distearoyl - sn - glycero - 3 - phosphoethanolamine - N - [ amino ( polyethylene glycol ) - 2000 ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 241]}, {"entity": "PEG - DSPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 254]}, {"entity": "folate - polyethylene glycol - cholesteryl hemisuccinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 316]}, {"entity": "F - PEG - CHEMS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [319, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxic activity of the encapsulated cyclic dipeptides was tested against HeLa , low folate HeLa and MCF - 7 cells and found to have limited improvement in activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 60]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , modification of the polyethylene glycol with folic acid to target folate receptors significantly decreased the IC50 values recorded in all cells lines tested , particularly HeLa cells cultured in media containing physiological concentrations of folic acid with the lowest IC50 being recorded as 0 . 0962 mM for folate - targeted cyclo ( His - Ala ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 265]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 327]}, {"entity": "cyclo ( His - Ala )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [339, 358]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , hydrophilic cyclic dipeptides are ideal candidates for inclusion into targeted drug delivery systems such as liposomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic dipeptides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological activities of selected basidiomycetes from Yemen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous paper we demonstrated the results of biological screening of Yemeni basidiomycetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activity of further basidiomycetes collected in Yemen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dichloromethane , methanol and aqueous extracts of the fruiting bodies of 25 species were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activities against three Gram - positive bacteria ( Staphyloccocus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Micrococcus flavus ) and two Gram - negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) , against six human fungal pathogens ( Candida albicans , Candida krusei , Aspergillus fumigatus , Mucor sp . , Microsporum gypseum , Trichophyton mentagrophytes ) and against one non human pathogenic fungus ( Candida maltosa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that 75 extracts exhibited activity against one or more of the bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methanol extracts of Agaricus cf . bernardii , Agrocybe pediades , Chlorophyllum molybdites , Coriolopsis polyzona , Ganoderma xylonoides , Pycnoporus sanguineus , Trametes lactinea and Trametes cingulata showed activity against all tested bacteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by methanol extracts from Chlorophyllum molybdites , Ganoderma xylonoides and Trametes cingulata and Agaricus cf . bernardii , Agrocybe pediades , Coriolopsis polyzona , Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trametes lactinea .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methanol extracts of Chlorophyllum molybdites , Ganoderma xylonoides and Pycnoporus sanguineus showed considerable antifungal activities against the tested fungal strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strong antioxidative effects employing the DPPH assay were exhibited by methanol extracts from Chlorophyllum molybdites , Ganoderma xylonoides , Hexagonia velutina , Pycnoporus sanguineus , Trametes lactinea and Trametes cingulata .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous and presented studies about 48 basidiomycetes collected in Yemen provide evidence that basidiomycetes from the Arabic region so far should attract more attention as potential source for new biologically active agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rovibrational Energies of the Hydrocarboxyl Radical from a RCCSD ( T ) Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrocarboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A RCCSD ( T ) / cc - pVQZ potential energy surface is constructed for the HOCO radical in the ground electronic state and used to compute rotation - vibration levels of HOCO and DOCO .", "entity": [{"entity": "HOCO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "HOCO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "DOCO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two numerical strategies are employed to study in detail the wave function properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of stretch - bend coupling , such as nu 4 / nu 5 and nu 3 / nu 4 , for the internal dynamics is demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rotational constants computed for the vibrational ground state of trans and cis conformers are in good agreement with experimental values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Institutional Profile : Jayne Haines Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Safety : educating future generations of healthcare professionals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Jayne Haines Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Safety operates in the Temple University School of Pharmacy and serves as an educational and research facility for professional pharmacy students , graduate students , residents , postdoctoral fellows and faculties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Center is involved in educational and investigational projects in a setting that includes an inner city research / teaching hospital and the Temple University Schools of Pharmacy , Medicine , Dentistry and Health Professions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mission of the Haines Center is to facilitate the basic science approach to the problems of pharmacotherapy , and to provide education for future healthcare professionals in the genetics of drug response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the expanding role of genetic analysis in preventing adverse effects of pharmacotherapy , we are working towards truly personalized pharmacotherapy that fully exploits the advances of modern biomedical science .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity of Tunisian Geranium robertianum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Geraniaceae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present investigation focuses on the methanolic extract obtained from Geranium robertianum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Geraniaceae ) ( Herb Robert ) , a herbal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of human and animal diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant capacities of the extract were evaluated using 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl radical , beta - carotene / linoleic acid and reducing power and metal chelating activity assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 100]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 126]}, {"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The amount of total phenolic content , flavonoids and condensed tannins was very high , and the correlation between the antioxidant activity potential and total phenolic level of the extract was pointed out .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Galactose - Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers : Synthesis , Micellization , and Bioapplication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Redox - responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers , poly ( 6 - O - methacryloyl - d - galactopyranose - co - 2 - ( N , N - dimethylaminoethyl ) methacrylate ) - b - poly ( pyridyl disulfide ethyl methylacrylate ) ( P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA ) were obtained by deprotection of poly ( ( 6 - O - methacryloyl - 1 , 2 : 3 , 4 - di - O - isopropylidene - d - galactopyranose ) - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA [ P ( MAlpGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA ] , which were prepared via reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) polymerization of PDSMA using P ( MAlpGP - co - DMAEMA ) as macro - RAFT agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( 6 - O - methacryloyl - d - galactopyranose - co - 2 - ( N , N - dimethylaminoethyl ) methacrylate ) - b - poly ( pyridyl disulfide ethyl methylacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 212]}, {"entity": "P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 252]}, {"entity": "poly ( ( 6 - O - methacryloyl - 1 , 2 : 3 , 4 - di - O - isopropylidene - d - galactopyranose ) - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 412]}, {"entity": "P ( MAlpGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [415, 454]}, {"entity": "PDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [561, 566]}, {"entity": "P ( MAlpGP - co - DMAEMA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [573, 599]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic light scattering ( DLS ) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) studies showed that diblock copolymers P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA can self - assemble into micelles .", "entity": [{"entity": "P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin ( DOX ) could be encapsulated by P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA upon micellization and released upon adding glutathione ( GSH ) into the micelle solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 82]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The galactose functional groups in the PMAGP block had specific interaction with HepG2 cells , and P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA can act as gene delivery vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "PMAGP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "P ( MAGP - co - DMAEMA ) - b - PPDSMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "So , this kind of polymer has potential applications in hepatoma - targeting drug and gene delivery and biodetection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of prediabetes and diabetes on left ventricular and coronary microvascular functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Coronary flow reserve ( CFR ) provides independent prognostic information in diabetic patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there have been no substantial data to evaluate CFR in prediabetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , we aimed to evaluate CFR in subjects with prediabetes using second harmonic transthoracic Doppler echocardiography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : We measured CFR of 65 subjects with prediabetes , 45 patients with overt type 2 diabetes , and 43 sex and age matched normoglycemic healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ages , gender , existence of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia , smoking status were similar among the groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CFR was significantly lower in diabetics ( 2 . 15 +/- 0 . 39 ) than in prediabetics ( 2 . 39 +/- 0 . 45 ) and controls ( 2 . 75 +/- 0 . 35 ) ; in addition , it was significantly lower in prediabetics than controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 2 ( 5 % ) of control subjects had abnormal CFR ( < 2 ) but 11 ( 17 % ) prediabetic subjects and 19 ( 42 % ) diabetic patients had abnormal CFR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that only age ( beta = - 0 . 31 , P < 0 . 01 ) and presence of the diabetes ( beta = - 0 . 57 , P < 0 . 01 ) were significant predictors of lower CFR in a multivariable model that adjusted for other variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CFR was significantly and inversely correlated with age ( r = - 0 . 15 , P = 0 . 04 ) , fasting glucose level ( r = - 0 . 27 , P = 0 . 001 ) , postprandial glucose level ( r = 0 . 43 , P < 0 . 001 ) , hemoglobin A1C level ( r = - 0 . 34 , P < 0 . 001 ) , LDL cholesterol level ( r = 0 . 22 , P = 0 . 009 ) , mitral A velocity ( r = - 0 . 27 , P = 0 . 001 ) and Tei index ( r = - 0 . 19 , P = 0 . 02 ) , whereas mitral E / A ratio , mitral Em ( r = 0 . 18 , P = 0 . 02 ) , mitral Em / Am ratio ( r = 0 . 23 , P = 0 . 004 ) were significantly and positively correlated with CFR .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : CFR is impaired in subjects with prediabetics , but this impairment is not as severe as that in diabetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does 4 - tert - octylphenol affect estrogen signaling pathways in bank vole Leydig cells and tumor mouse Leydig cells in vitro ?", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - tert - octylphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 27]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary Leydig cells obtained from bank vole testes and the established tumor Leydig cell line ( MA - 10 ) have been used to explore the effects of 4 - tert - octylphenol ( OP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - tert - octylphenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leydig cells were treated with two concentrations of OP ( 10 ( - 4 ) M , 10 ( - 8 ) M ) alone or concomitantly with anti - estrogen ICI 182 , 780 ( 1 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "ICI 182 , 780", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In OP - treated bank vole Leydig cells , inhomogeneous staining of estrogen receptor alpha ( ER alpha ) within cell nuclei was found , whereas it was of various intensity among MA - 10 Leydig cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of ER alpha mRNA and protein decreased in both primary and immortalized Leydig cells independently of OP dose .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ICI partially reversed these effects at mRNA level while at protein level abrogation was found only in vole cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dissimilar action of OP on cAMP and androgen production was also observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides further evidence that OP shows estrogenic properties acting on Leydig cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its effect is diverse depending on the cellular origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mTOR Regulates Nox4 - Mediated Podocyte Depletion in Diabetic Renal Injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Podocyte apoptosis is a critical mechanism for excessive loss of urinary albumin that eventuates in kidney fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological doses of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduce albuminura in diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We explored the hypothesis that mTOR mediates podocyte injury in diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High glucose ( HG ) induces apoptosis of podocytes , inhibits AMPK activation , inactivates tuberin and activates mTOR .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HG also increases the levels of Nox4 and Nox1 and NADPH oxidase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of mTOR by low dose rapamycin decreases HG - induced Nox4 and Nox1 , NADPH oxidase activity and podocyte apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of mTOR had no effect on AMPK or tuberin phosphorylation indicating that mTOR is downstream of these signaling molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In isolated glomeruli of OVE26 mice , there is similar decrease in the activation of AMPK and tuberin and activation of mTOR with increase in Nox4 and NADPH oxidase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of mTOR by small dose of rapamycin reduces podocyte apoptosis , attenuates glomerular injury and albuminuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data provide evidence for a novel function of mTOR in Nox4 - derived ROS generation and podocyte apoptosis that contributes to urinary albumin excretion in type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus mTOR and or NADPH oxidase inhibition may represent a therapeutic modality of diabetic kidney disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of Target - Mediated Drug Disposition Model to Small Molecule Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Replacement of hydrogen with fluorine within three pairs of structurally similar small molecule inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 ( HSP90 ) resulted in differences in inhibition constants ( Ki ) in vitro as well as marked differences in rat intravenous pharmacokinetic profiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "fluorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference in pharmacokinetic profiles between lower and higher affinity inhibitors ( LAIs and HAIs , respectively ) was characterized by remarkably different estimates for steady - state volumes of distribution ( Vss : 1 . 8 to 2 . 0 versus 10 to 13 L / kg ) with comparable clearance estimates ( 3 . 2 to 3 . 5 L / h / kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the observed Vss estimates were compared to the values predicted with the tissue - composition - based model , the observed Vss estimates for HAIs were 4 to 8 - fold larger than the predicted values whereas the Vss values for LAIs were comparable each other .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , a negative relationship between in vitro HSP90 Ki versus in vivo Vss estimates was observed among these inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore hypothesized that pharmacokinetic profiles of these inhibitors could be characterized by target - mediated drug disposition ( TMDD ) model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo equilibrium dissociation constant ( KD ) estimates for HAIs due to target binding by TMDD model with rapid binding approximation were 1 to 6 nM ( equivalent to 0 . 3 to 2 nM free drug ) , which appeared comparable to the in vitro Ki estimates ( 2 to 3 nM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo KD values of LAIs were not accurately determined by the TMDD model , likely due to non - specific binding dependent - tissue distribution obscuring TMDD profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , these results suggest that the observed large Vss estimates for potent HSP90 inhibitors are likely due to pharmacological target binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 3 , 4 - Oxadiazol - 2 - ones as fatty - acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors : Synthesis , in vitro evaluation and insight into potency and selectivity determinants by molecular modelling .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 4 - Oxadiazol - 2 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "fatty - acid amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "monoacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the key hydrolytic enzymes of the endocannabinoid system , fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) and monoacylglycerol lipase ( MAGL ) , has been proposed as potential mode of action for various therapeutic applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "monoacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuing our previous work , we take the first steps of structure - activity relationship exploration and show that 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - ones can serve as scaffold for both selective FAAH and MAGL inhibitors , and also function as a dual FAAH / MAGL inhibitor at sub - micromolar IC50 values .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazol - 2 - ones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 10 - fold selectivity against MAGL over FAAH was achieved with compound 3d ( FAAH and MAGL IC50 ; 2 . 0 and 0 . 22 mu M ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , enzyme and ligand features contributing to the potency and selectivity differences are analysed by molecular docking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of solid lipid nanoparticles based controlled release system for topical delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride .", "entity": [{"entity": "terbinafine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study describes the development and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles ( SLNs ) of terbinafine hydrochloride ( TH ) for sustained release and skin targeting .", "entity": [{"entity": "terbinafine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TH - loaded SLNs were prepared by solvent - injection technique and optimized using 3 ( 3 ) full - factorial design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of drug : lipid ratio , surfactant concentration and volume of organic solvent were studied on % entrapment efficiency ( % EE ) and particle size ( PS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimum formulation based on desirability ( 0 . 945 ) exhibited % EE of 73 . 74 % and PS of 300nm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimized SLNs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and evaluated for drug content , pH , in vitro release , ex vivo retention , in vivo pharmacodynamic and stability studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbopol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug release from SLNs dispersion followed Korsmeyer - Peppas model , indicating Fickian drug release , while that from the gel followed Higuchi model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ex vivo studies through rat abdominal skin indicated skin retention ability of SLNs as compared to commercial product .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo pharmacodynamic studies showed that the SLNs based gel reduced fungal burden of Candida albicans in rats as compared to commercial product in shorter duration of time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SLNs dispersion and gel exhibited physicochemical stability under refrigeration upto 3months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that SLNs incorporated Carbopol gel had skin targeting ability and may serve as a promising carrier in treatment of fungal skin infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbopol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitumor effect of 5 - fluorouracil is enhanced by rosemary extract in both drug sensitive and resistant colon cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) is the most used chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , resistance to this drug is relatively frequent , and new strategies to overcome it are urgently needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to determine the antitumor properties of a supercritical fluid rosemary extract ( SFRE ) , alone and in combination with 5 - FU , as a potential adjuvant therapy useful for colon cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This extract has been recognized as a healthy component by the European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of SFRE both alone and in combination with 5 - FU were evaluated in different human colon cancer cells in terms of cell viability , cytotoxicity , and cell transformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , colon cancer cells resistant to 5 - FU were used to assay the effects of SFRE on drug resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , qRT - PCR was performed to ascertain the mechanism by which SFRE potentiates the effect of 5 - FU .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results show that SFRE displays dose - dependent antitumor activities and exerts a synergistic effect in combination with 5 - FU on colon cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , SFRE sensitizes 5 - FU - resistant cells to the therapeutic activity of this drug , constituting a beneficial agent against both 5 - FU sensitive and resistant tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression analysis indicates that the enhancement of the effect of 5 - FU by SFRE might be explained by the downregulation of TYMS and TK1 , enzymes related to 5 - FU resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new method for stranded whole transcriptome RNA - seq .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes an improved protocol to generate stranded , barcoded RNA - seq libraries to capture the whole transcriptome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By optimizing the use of duplex specific nuclease ( DSN ) to remove ribosomal RNA reads from stranded barcoded libraries , we demonstrate improved efficiency of multiplexed next generation sequencing ( NGS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach detects expression profiles of all RNA types , including miRNA ( microRNA ) , piRNA ( Piwi - interacting RNA ) , snoRNA ( small nucleolar RNA ) , lincRNA ( long non - coding RNA ) , mtRNA ( mitochondrial RNA ) and mRNA ( messenger RNA ) without the use of gel electrophoresis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improved protocol generates high quality data that can be used to identify differential expression in known and novel coding and non - coding transcripts , splice variants , mitochondrial genes and SNPs ( single nucleotide polymorphisms ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A diarylheptanoid phytoestrogen from Curcuma comosa , 1 , 7 - diphenyl - 4 , 6 - heptadien - 3 - ol , accelerates human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 17]}, {"entity": "1 , 7 - diphenyl - 4 , 6 - heptadien - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcuma comosa Roxb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is ginger - family plant used to relieve menopausal symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous work showed that C . comosa extracts protect mice from ovariectomy - induced osteopenia with minimal effects on reproductive organs , and identified the diarylheptanoid ( 3R ) - 1 , 7 - diphenyl - ( 4E , 6E ) - 4 , 6 - heptadien - 3 - ol ( DPHD ) as the major active component of C . comosa rhizomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarylheptanoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "( 3R ) - 1 , 7 - diphenyl - ( 4E , 6E ) - 4 , 6 - heptadien - 3 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 246]}, {"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 - 10 mu M , DPHD increased differentiation in transformed mouse osteoblasts , but the effect of DPHD on normal bone cells was unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the concentration dependency and mechanism of action of DPHD relative to 17 beta - estradiol in nontransformed human osteoblasts ( h - OB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The h - OB were 10 - 100 fold more sensitive to DPHD than transformed osteoblasts : DPHD increased h - OB proliferation at 10nM and , at 100nM , activated MAP kinase signaling within 30min .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In long - term differentiation assays , responses of h - OB to DPHD were significant at 10nM , and optimal response in most cases was at 100nM .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 7 - 21 days , DPHD accelerated osteoblast differentiation , indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast - specific mRNA production .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of DPHD were eliminated by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "ICI182780", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During differentiation , DPHD promoted early expression of osteoblast transcription factors , RUNX2 and osterix .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , DPHD accelerated production of bone structural genes , including COL1A1 and osteocalcin comparably to 17 beta - estradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In h - OB , DPHD increased the osteoprotegerin to RANKL ratio and supported mineralization more efficiently than 10nM 17 beta - estradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that DPHD promotes human osteoblast function in vitro effectively at nanomolar concentrations , making it a promising compound to protect bone in menopausal women .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPHD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclohexanone derivatives with cytotoxicity from the fungus Penicillium commune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclohexanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four new cyclohexanone derivatives ( 2 - 5 ) and one known analog , ( - ) - Palitantin ( 1 ) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Penicillium commune , a fungal strain of low - temperature habitats .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclohexanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "( - ) - Palitantin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "EtOAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of 2 - 5 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the absolute configuration of 2 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism ( ECD ) calculations , whereas that 3 - 5 were deduced via the CD data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxicities of 2 - 5 against five human carcinoma cell lines ( Hela , A549 , MCF7 , HCT116 , T24 ) were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis : Progress to Date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biologic drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) have revolutionized the therapeutic armamentarium with the development of several novel monoclonal antibodies , which include murine , chimeric , humanized , fully human antibodies and fusion proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These biologics bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since 1998 , nine different biologics have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) and European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) for the treatment of RA , and several others are in different stages of clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This field is in continuous evolution and new biologics are tested every year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore a precise analysis is required in order to have a detailed and updated state of the art of this field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , our main aim is to analyse all available biological therapies that are FDA and EMA approved for the treatment of RA and also those that are in clinical trials for the management of RA patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lixisenatide : first global approval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective once - daily prandial glucagon - like peptide - 1 ( GLP - 1 ) receptor agonist lixisenatide ( Lyxumia ( (R) ) ) is under development with Sanofi for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lixisenatide belongs to a class of GLP - 1 compounds designed to mimic the endogenous hormone GLP - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Native GLP - 1 stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose - dependent manner , as well as suppressing glucagon production and slowing gastric emptying .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A once - daily subcutaneous formulation of lixisenatide has been approved in the EU , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway and Mexico for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , and is under regulatory review in the USA , Switzerland , Brazil , Canada , Ukraine , South Africa , Japan and Australia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of lixisenatide , leading to this first approval for use in adults with type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Annexin A2 regulates beta 1 integrin internalization and intestinal epithelial cell migration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gastrointestinal epithelium functions as an important barrier that separates luminal contents from the underlying tissue compartment and is vital in maintaining mucosal homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "luminal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucosal wounds in inflammatory disorders compromise the critical epithelial barrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to injury , intestinal epithelial cells ( IECs ) rapidly migrate to reseal wounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously observed that a membrane associated , Actin binding protein , Annexin A2 ( AnxA2 ) , is up - regulated in migrating IECs and plays an important role in promoting wound closure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify the mechanisms by which AnxA2 promotes IEC movement and wound closure we used a loss of function approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AnxA2 specific shRNA was utilized to generate IECs with stable down - regulation of AnxA2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of AnxA2 inhibited IEC migration while promoting enhanced cell - matrix adhesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These functional effects were associated with increased levels of beta 1 integrin protein , which is reported to play an important role in mediating the cell - matrix adhesive properties of epithelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since cell migration requires dynamic turnover of integrin based adhesions , we tested if AnxA2 modulates internalization of cell surface beta 1 integrin required for forward cell movement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , pulse - chase biotinylation experiments in IECs lacking AnxA2 demonstrated a significant increase in cell surface beta 1 integrin that was accompanied by decreased beta 1 integrin internalization and degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings support an important role of AnxA2 in controlling dynamics of beta 1 integrin at the cell surface that in turn is required for the active turnover of cell - matrix associations , cell migration and wound closure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human polymerase kappa uses a template - slippage deletion mechanism , but can realign the slipped strands to favour base substitution mutations over deletions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymerases belonging to the DinB class of the Y - family translesion synthesis DNA polymerases have a preference for accurately and efficiently bypassing damaged guanosines .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanosines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These DinB polymerases also generate single - base ( - 1 ) deletions at high frequencies with most occurring on repetitive ' deletion hotspot ' sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human DNA polymerase kappa ( hPol kappa ) , the eukaryotic DinB homologue , displays an unusual efficiency for to extend from mispaired primer termini , either by extending directly from the mispair or by primer - template misalignment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This latter property explains how hPol kappa creates single - base deletions in non - repetitive sequences , but does not address how deletions occur in repetitive deletion hotspots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that hPol kappa uses a classical Streisinger template - slippage mechanism to generate - 1 deletions in repetitive sequences , as do the bacterial and archaeal homologues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the first nucleotide is added by template slippage , however , hPol kappa can efficiently realign the primer - template duplex before continuing DNA synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strand realignment results in a base - substitution mutation , minimizing generation of more deleterious frameshift mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On non - repetitive sequences , we find that nucleotide misincorporation is slower if the incoming nucleotide can correctly basepair with the nucleotide immediately 5 ' to the templating base , thereby competing against the mispairing with the templating base .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exploring the zebrafish embryo as an alternative model for the evaluation of liver toxicity by histopathology and expression profiling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The whole zebrafish embryo model ( ZFE ) has proven its applicability in developmental toxicity testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since functional hepatocytes are already present from 36 h post fertilization onwards , whole ZFE have been proposed as an attractive alternative to mammalian in vivo models in hepatotoxicity testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of the present study is to further underpin the applicability of whole ZFE for hepatotoxicity testing by combining histopathology and next - generation sequencing - based gene expression profiling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To this aim , whole ZFE and adult zebrafish were exposed to a set of hepatotoxic reference compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathology revealed compound and life - stage - specific effects indicative of toxic injury in livers of whole ZFE and adult zebrafish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Next - generation sequencing ( NGS ) was used to compare transcript profiles in pooled individual RNA samples of whole ZFE and livers of adult zebrafish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This revealed that hepatotoxicity - associated expression can be detected beyond the overall transcription noise in the whole embryo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ hybridization verified liver specificity of selected highly expressed markers in whole ZFE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , cyclosporine A ( CsA ) was used as an illustrative case to support applicability of ZFE in hepatotoxicity testing by comparing CsA - induced gene expression between ZFE , in vivo mouse liver and HepaRG cells on the levels of single genes , pathways and transcription factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there was no clear overlap on single gene level between the whole ZFE and in vivo mouse liver , strong similarities were observed between whole ZFE and in vivo mouse liver in regulated pathways related to hepatotoxicity , as well as in relevant overrepresented transcription factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , both the use of NGS of pooled RNA extracts analysis combined with histopathology and traditional microarray in single case showed the potential to detect liver - related genes and processes within the transcriptome of a whole zebrafish embryo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This supports the applicability of the whole ZFE model for compound - induced hepatotoxicity screening .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and Cytostatic and Antiviral Activities of 2 ' - Deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibo - and 2 ' - Deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibonucleosides Derived from 7 - ( Het ) aryl - 7 - deazaadenines .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - Deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibo - and 2 ' - Deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibonucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 139]}, {"entity": "7 - ( Het ) aryl - 7 - deazaadenines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of sugar - modified derivatives of cytostatic 7 - heteroaryl - 7 - deazaadenosines ( 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibo - and 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibonucleosides ) bearing an aryl or heteroaryl group at position 7 was prepared and screened for biological activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "7 - heteroaryl - 7 - deazaadenosines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 91]}, {"entity": "2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibo - and 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibonucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 180]}, {"entity": "aryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 198]}, {"entity": "heteroaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difluororibonucleosides were prepared by non - stereoselective glycosidation of 6 - chloro - 7 - deazapurine with benzoyl - protected 2 - deoxy - 2 , 2 - difluoro - D - erythro - pentofuranosyl - 1 - mesylate , followed by amination and aqueous Suzuki cross - couplings with ( het ) arylboronic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "difluororibonucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "6 - chloro - 7 - deazapurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 112]}, {"entity": "benzoyl - protected 2 - deoxy - 2 , 2 - difluoro - D - erythro - pentofuranosyl - 1 - mesylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 212]}, {"entity": "( het ) arylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 304]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluororibo derivatives were prepared by aqueous palladium - catalyzed cross - coupling reactions of the corresponding 7 - iodo - 7 - deazaadenine 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibonucleoside 20 with ( het ) arylboronic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluororibo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "palladium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "7 - iodo - 7 - deazaadenine 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' - fluororibonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 190]}, {"entity": "( het ) arylboronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The key intermediate 20 was prepared by a six - step sequence from the corresponding arabinonucleoside by selective protection of 3 ' - and 5 ' - hydroxy groups with acid - labile groups , followed by stereoselective SN 2 fluorination and deprotection .", "entity": [{"entity": "arabinonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 102]}, {"entity": "3 ' - and 5 ' - hydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the title nucleosides and 7 - iodo - 7 - deazaadenine intermediates showed micromolar cytostatic or anti - HCV activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "7 - iodo - 7 - deazaadenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active were 7 - iodo and 7 - ethynyl derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "7 - iodo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "7 - ethynyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding 2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibonucleoside 5 ' - O - triphosphates were found to be good substrates for bacterial DNA polymerases , but are inhibitors of human polymerase alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - deoxy - 2 ' , 2 ' - difluororibonucleoside 5 ' - O - triphosphates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tissue Factor Activity and ECM - Related Gene Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Grown on Electrospun Biohybrid Scaffolds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All blood vessels are lined with a quiescent endothelium , which aids in regulating regular blood flow and avoiding thrombus formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current attempts at replacing diseased blood vessels frequently fail due to the intrinsic thrombogenicity of the materials used as vascular grafts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In extending our previous work where we introduced a new candidate scaffolds for vascular grafts electrospun from a blend solution of PLGA , gelatin , and elastin ( PGE ) , this study aimed to evaluate the potential of PGE scaffolds to support nonthrombogenic monolayers of primary isolates of human aortic endothelial cells ( HAECs ) , as assessed by a combination of biochemical , molecular , and bioinformatics - based analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 24 h of culture on 3 - D fibrous PGE scaffolds , HAECs formed a confluent , nonthrombogenic , and physiologically competent monolayer , as assessed by tissue factor ( TF ) gene expression and protein activity assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of TF mRNA / protein activity in HAECs grown on PGE scaffolds were similar to those on gelatin or collagen IV - coated 2 - D surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , bioinformatics - based analysis of a focused microarray containing 84 ECM - related cDNA probes demonstrated that HAECs essentially expressed a histotypic ECM - related \" transcriptome \" on PGE scaffolds , where cells were more quiescent than cells cultured on 2 - D coverslips coated with gelatin ( a well - known \" inert \" substrate for conventional EC culture ) , but less so than on 2 - D PGE films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest an important role for nanorough substrates ( PGE films ) in passivating endothelial cells and confirm the crucial effect of substrate composition in this process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Principal component analysis of microarray data on the above substrates ( including collagen IV ) implied that substrate composition plays a greater role than surface topography in affecting the endothelial ECM - related \" transcriptome \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our findings suggest that electrospun PGE scaffolds are potentially suitable for application in small diameter vascular tissue engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pressure modulation of ras - membrane interactions and intervesicle transfer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins attached to the plasma membrane frequently encounter mechanical stresses , including high hydrostatic pressure ( HHP ) stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signaling pathways involving membrane - associated small GTPases ( e . g . , Ras ) have been identified as critical loci for pressure perturbation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the impact of mechanical stimuli on biological outputs is still largely terra incognita .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study explores the effect of HHP on the membrane association , dissociation , and intervesicle transfer process of N - Ras by using a FRET - based assay to obtain the kinetic parameters and volumetric properties along the reaction path of these processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , membrane association is fostered upon pressurization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , depending on the nature and lateral organization of the lipid membrane , acceleration or retardation is observed for the dissociation step .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , HHP can be inferred as a positive regulator of N - Ras clustering , in particular in heterogeneous membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The susceptibility of membrane interaction to pressure raises the idea of a role of lipidated signaling molecules as mechanosensors , transducing mechanical stimuli to chemical signals by regulating their membrane binding and dissociation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , our results provide first insights into the influence of pressure on membrane - associated Ras - controlled signaling events in organisms living under extreme environmental conditions such as those that are encountered in the deep sea and sub - seafloor environments , where pressures reach the kilobar ( 100 MPa ) range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modeling the Conformational Preference of the Carbon - Bonded Covalent Adduct Formed upon Exposure of 2 ' - Deoxyguanosine to Ochratoxin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "2 ' - Deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "Ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The conformational flexibility of the C8 - linked guanine adduct formed from attachment of ochratoxin A ( OTA ) was analyzed using a systematic computational approach and models ranging from the nucleobase to the adducted DNA helix .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "ochratoxin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 103]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "nucleobase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A focus was placed on the influence of the C8 - modification of 2 ' - deoxyguanosine ( dG ) on the preferred relative arrangement of the nucleobase and the C8 - substituent and , more importantly , the anti / syn conformational preference with respect to the glycosidic bond .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 84]}, {"entity": "nucleobase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although OTA is twisted with respect to the base in the nucleobase model , addition of the deoxyribose sugar induces a further twist and restricts rotation about the C - C linkage due to close contacts between OTA and the sugar .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "nucleobase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "deoxyribose sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "C - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 171]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nucleoside model preferentially adpots a syn orientation ( by 10 - 20 kJ mol ( - 1 ) depending on the OTA conformation ) due to the presence of an O5 ' - H . . . N3 interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "OTA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when this hydrogen bond is eliminated , which better mimics the DNA environment , a small ( < 5 kJ mol ( - 1 ) ) anti / syn energy difference is predicted .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inclusion of the 5 ' - monophosphate group leads to an up to 20 kJ mol ( - 1 ) preference for the syn ( nucleotide ) conformation due to stabilizing base - phosphate interactions involving the amino group of guanine .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 ' - monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "syn ( nucleotide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "guanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , MD simulations and free energy analysis predict that both syn - and anti - conformations of OTB - dG are equally stable in helices when paired opposite cytosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "OTB - dG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that the adduct will likely adopt a syn conformation in an isolated nucleoside and nucleotide , while a mixture of syn and anti conformations will be observed in DNA duplexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the syn conformation could stabilize base mismatches upon DNA replication or Z - DNA structures with varied biological outcomes , future computational and experimental work should elucidate the consequences of the conformational preference of this potentially harmful DNA lesion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Hexahydro - 2H - pyrano [ 3 , 2 - c ] quinolines as Novel Selective sigma 1 Receptor Ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hexahydro - 2H - pyrano [ 3 , 2 - c ] quinolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of hexahydro - 2H - pyrano [ 3 , 2 - c ] quinoline derivatives as potent sigma 1 receptor ( sigma 1R ) ligands are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexahydro - 2H - pyrano [ 3 , 2 - c ] quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This family , which does not contain the highly basic amino group usually present in other sigma 1R ligands , showed high selectivity over the sigma 2 receptor ( sigma 2R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activity was shown to reside in only one of the four possible diastereoisomers , which exhibited a perfect match with known sigma 1R pharmacophores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hit to lead program based on a high - throughput screening hit ( 8a ) led to the identification of compound 32c , with substantially improved activity and physicochemical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 32c also exhibited a good ADMET ( absorption , distribution , metabolism , excretion , toxicity ) profile and was identified as a sigma 1R antagonist on the basis of its analgesic activity in the mouse capsaicin and formalin models of neurogenic pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 220]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycoleptodiscins A and B , Cytotoxic Alkaloids from the Endophytic Fungus Mycoleptodiscus sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mycoleptodiscins A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "F0194 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two novel reddish - orange alkaloids , mycoleptodiscin A ( 1 ) and mycoleptodiscin B ( 2 ) , were isolated from liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus sp . that had been isolated from Desmotes incomparabilis in Panama .", "entity": [{"entity": "mycoleptodiscin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "mycoleptodiscin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elucidation of their structures was accomplished using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR spectroscopic and MS data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds are indole - terpenes with a new skeleton uncommon in nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "indole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "terpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mycoleptodiscin B ( 2 ) was active in inhibiting the growth of cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0 . 60 - 0 . 78 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mycoleptodiscin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altering colloidal surface functionalization using DNA encapsulated inside monodisperse gelatin microsphere templates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble oligonucleotides are typically introduced to bulk solution to promote hybridization activity on DNA - functionalized surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , an alternative approach is explored by encapsulating secondary target strands inside semipermeable colloidal satellite assemblies , then triggering their release at 37 degrees C for subsequent surface hybridization activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prepare DNA - loaded satellite assemblies , uniform gelatin microspheres are fabricated using microfluidics , loaded with 15 base - long secondary DNA targets , capped with a polyelectrolyte bilayer , and finally coated with a monolayer of polystyrene microspheres functionalized with duplexes comprised of immobilized probes and soluble , 13 base - long hybridization partner strands .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once warmed to 37 degrees C , secondary DNA targets are released from the gelatin template and then competitively displace the shorter , original hybridization partners on the polystyrene microspheres .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitating the Lattice Strain Dependence of Monolayer Pt Shell Activity toward Oxygen Reduction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lattice strain of Pt - based catalysts reflecting d - band status is the decisive factor of their catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction ( ORR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the newly arisen monolayer Pt system , however , no general strategy to isolate the lattice strain has been achieved due to the short - range ordering structure of monolayer Pt shells on different facets of core nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , based on the extended X - ray absorption fine structure of monolayer Pt atoms on various single crystal facets , we propose an effective methodology for evaluating the lattice strain of monolayer Pt shells on core nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The quantitative lattice strain establishes a direct correlation to monolayer Pt shell ORR activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ( Ait . ) and identification of the major anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anthocyanins in the fruits of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ( ACN ) were extracted by 1 % TFA in methanol , and then purified by X - 5 resin column and C18 ( SPE ) cartridges .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "TFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified anthocyanin extract ( ART ) from the fruits of R . tomentosa showed strong antioxidant activities , including DPPH radical - scavenging capacity , ABTS radical scavenging capacity , reducing power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity ( ORAC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified anthocyanin extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major anthocyanins were purified by semi - preparative HPLC and Sephadex LH - 20 column chromatography , and were identified as cyanidin - 3 - O - glucoside , peonidin - 3 - O - glucoside , malvidin - 3 - O - glucoside , petunidin - 3 - O - glucoside , delphinidin - 3 - O - glucoside and pelargonidin - 3 - glucoside by HPLC - ESI / MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( NMR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "cyanidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 160]}, {"entity": "peonidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 191]}, {"entity": "malvidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 222]}, {"entity": "petunidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 254]}, {"entity": "delphinidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 288]}, {"entity": "pelargonidin - 3 - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyanidin - 3 - O - glucoside was considered as the most abundant anthocyanin , which was 29 . 4mg / 100g dry weight of R . tomentosa fruits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyanidin - 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , all the major anthocyanins were identified from R . tomentosa fruit for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dummy - template molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for selective analysis of ractopamine in pork .", "entity": [{"entity": "ractopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecularly imprinted polymers ( MIPs ) for selective adsorption of ractopamine hydrochloride ( RAC ) were synthesised by an in situ method , in which salbutamol ( SAL ) was used as the dummy - template to avoid the template leakage .", "entity": [{"entity": "ractopamine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 93]}, {"entity": "RAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "SAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) , mercury porosimerty and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) were used to investigate the physical and morphological characteristics of the dummy - template MIPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The test of adsorption selectivity indicated that the dummy - template MIPs exhibited high selectivity to RAC .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The saturated adsorption capacity for RAC on dummy - template MIPs was 90 . 9 mu gg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the dummy - template polymers , a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry ( LC - MS ) method was developed for the selective analysis of RAC in real pork samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The averages of intra - and inter - day accuracy ranged from 78 . 9 % to 92 . 2 % and from 90 . 7 % to 93 . 1 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RSD % of repeatability ranged from 1 . 9 % to 6 . 3 % , and the RSD % of intermediate precision ranged from 3 . 5 % to 9 . 2 % , while the limit of detection ( LOD ) was 0 . 02 mu gkg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plums ( Prunus domestica L . ) are a good source of yeasts producing organic acids of industrial interest from glycerol .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production of organic acids from several yeasts isolated from mature plums on media containing glycerol as carbon source was analysed by HPLC - UV .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yeasts isolated were identified by sequencing the 5 . 8S internal transcribed spacer as Pichia fermentans , Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Candida oleophila .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organic acid profiles of these strains comprise acetic , citric , succinic and malic acids that qualitatively and quantitatively vary between different species as well as among strains from the same species .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetic , citric , succinic and malic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The production from glycerol of succinic , acetic , citric , malic and oxalic acids from C . oleophila and W . anomalus , and that of succinic , oxalic and acetic acids by P . fermentans is reported for the first time in this work , as is the production of oxalic acid from glycerol in yeasts .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "succinic , acetic , citric , malic and oxalic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 83]}, {"entity": "succinic , oxalic and acetic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 168]}, {"entity": "oxalic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 268]}, {"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results also showed that mature fruits can be a good source of new yeasts able to metabolise glycerol , producing different organic acids with industrial and biotechnological interest .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active films based on cocoa extract with antioxidant , antimicrobial and biological applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel films of ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer ( EVOH ) containing flavonoid - rich cocoa were developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylene - vinyl alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "EVOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand their potential application as active packaging material , antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the films were determined as well as the antioxidant activity of the release compounds in Caco - 2 human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of the films to aqueous food simulant showed antioxidant capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The release of cocoa extract components was dependent on the antioxidant concentration incorporated in the film and on temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocoa extract and the fraction obtained after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion presented antioxidant activity against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Caco - 2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Films with 10 % , 15 % , and 20 % cocoa extract produced bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The application of films to an infant milk formula , previously inoculated with L . monocytogenes , inhibited the growth of bacteria 1 . 5log units the first day and showed sustained release , inhibiting 0 . 52 and 0 . 76log units , respectively , by the sixth day , while cocoa powder added directly did not produce any effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity and alpha - glucosidase , alpha - amylase inhibitory effects of flavonoids from Cichorium glandulosum seeds .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant , anti - glucosidase and anti - amylase activities of total flavonoids ( TFs ) from Cichorium glandulosum seeds , and to analyse its chemical composition by HPLC - ESI / MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro study , radical scavenging IC50 values of TFs were 7 . 33 +/- 0 . 093 , 9 . 24 +/- 0 . 100 , 154 . 33 +/- 11 . 38 and 256 . 7 +/- 4 . 86 mu g / ml for DPPH , ABTS , hydroxyl radicals , and superoxide anion , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "ABTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 182]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 8 - 64mg / ml range , alpha - glucosidase and alpha - amylase were inhibited by TFs to a certain extent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , the treatment groups with TFs ( 100 , 200 , 400mg / kg ) showed a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde level , the superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were restored to almost normal levels , and the catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels significantly increased compared to the CCl4 - intoxicated group in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 248]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study suggests that C . glandulosum seeds should be given special attention because of their antioxidant and anti - glucosidase , anti - amylase activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distribution , antioxidant and characterisation of phenolic compounds in soybeans , flaxseed and olives .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution of free and bound phenolic compounds present in soybean , flaxseed and olive were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenolic compounds were fractionated on the basis on their solubility characteristics in water , alcohol , dilute base and dilute acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography ( RP - HPLC ) and mass spectrometry ( MS ) were used for identification of individual components of phenolic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant activity ( AA % ) of free and bound phenolic compounds was measured using the linoleic acid / beta - carotene assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The water - soluble phenolic compound fractions represented 68 - 81 % , 50 - 72 % and 46 - 56 % of the total phenolic compounds measured in full - fat soybean , olive and flaxseed , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methanolic extraction of free phenolic compounds without heat , solubilised 21 - 56 % , 42 - 62 % and 34 - 51 % of the total phenolic compounds measured in soybean , olive and flaxseed , respectively ; methanol extraction of free phenolic compounds with heat solubilised a further 24 - 34 % , 31 - 37 % and 36 - 37 % of phenolic compounds from soybean , olive and flaxseed , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 133]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 238]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further dilute alkali and dilute acid solubilised the remaining 10 - 40 % , 1 - 21 % and 12 - 29 % of the total phenolic compounds from soybean , olive and flaxseed , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicated that the full - fat meals of soybean , flaxseed and olive showed higher antioxidant activity compared to defatted meals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RP - HPLC and LC - MS / MS profil1 for soybean , flaxseed and olive indicate two classes of phenolic compounds designated as free and bound phenolic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis ) and the constituent delphinidin glycoside inhibit photoreceptor cell death induced by visible light .", "entity": [{"entity": "delphinidin glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective effects of maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis ) extract ( MBE ) and its major anthocyanins [ delphinidin 3 , 5 - O - diglucoside ( D3G5G ) and delphinidin 3 - O - sambubioside - 5 - O - glucoside ( D3S5G ) ] against light - induced murine photoreceptor cells ( 661W ) death were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "delphinidin 3 , 5 - O - diglucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 144]}, {"entity": "D3G5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "delphinidin 3 - O - sambubioside - 5 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 211]}, {"entity": "D3S5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viability of 661W after light treatment for 24h , assessed by the tetrazolium salt ( WST - 8 ) assay and Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining , was improved by addition of MBE , D3G5G , and D3S5G .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "Hoechst 33342", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "D3G5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "D3S5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular radical activation in 661W , evaluated using the reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) - sensitive probe 5 - ( and - 6 ) - chloromethyl - 2 , 7 - dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate acetyl ester ( CM - H2DCFDA ) , was reduced by MBE and its anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "5 - ( and - 6 ) - chloromethyl - 2 , 7 - dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate acetyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 204]}, {"entity": "CM - H2DCFDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 219]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - apoptosis mechanism of MBE was evaluated by light - induced phosphorylation of p38 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MBE significantly suppressed the light - induced phosphorylation of p38 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that MBE and its anthocyanidins suppress the light - induced photoreceptor cell death by inhibiting ROS production , suggesting that the inhibition of phosphorylated - p38 may be involved in the underlying mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanidins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encapsulation of indole - 3 - carbinol and 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane in zein / carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles with controlled release property and improved stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "indole - 3 - carbinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "carboxymethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indole - 3 - carbinol ( I3C ) and 3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane ( DIM ) are two bioactive compounds from Cruciferous vegetables .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indole - 3 - carbinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "I3C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "3 , 3 ' - diindolylmethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "DIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The stability of these compounds is a major challenge for their pharmaceutical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , zein and zein / carboxymethyl chitosan ( CMCS ) nanoparticles were prepared to encapsulate I3C and DIM by a combined liquid - liquid phase separation and ionic gelation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxymethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "I3C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "DIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After zein nanoparticles were coated with CMCS , the zeta potential was decreased from around - 10 to - 20mV , and encapsulation efficiency was greatly improved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both nanoparticle formulations provided controlled release of I3C and DIM in PBS medium .", "entity": [{"entity": "I3C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "DIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zein and zein / CMCS nanoparticles demonstrated similar protection for both I3C and DIM against ultraviolet ( UV ) light , attributed mainly to the contribution of the zein protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "I3C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "DIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with zein nanoparticles , zein / CMCS nanoparticles exhibited better protection of I3C against degradation and better inhibition against its oligomerization to DIM under thermal condition ( 37 degrees C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "I3C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "DIM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our results , the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactives in zein / CMCS nanoparticles is a promising approach to improve their stability against harsh conditions and provide controlled release for food / pharmaceutical applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonicated pineapple juice as substrate for L . casei cultivation for probiotic beverage development : Process optimisation and product stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of sonicated pineapple juice as substrate for producing a probiotic beverage by Lactobacillus casei NRRL B442 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximal microbial viability was found by cultivating L . casei at 31 degrees C and pH 5 . 8 ( optimised conditions ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After fermentation , samples of sweetened and non - sweetened juice were stored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 42days of storage under refrigeration ( 4 degrees C ) , the microbial viability was 6 . 03LogCFU / mL in the non - sweetened sample and 4 . 77LogCFU / mL in the sweetened sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pH of both samples decreased during storage due to lactic acid production ( post acidification ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The characteristic colour of the juice was maintained throughout the shelf life and no browning was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonicated pineapple juice was shown to be a suitable substrate for L . casei cultivation and for the development of an alternative non - dairy probiotic beverage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ligands affecting silver antimicrobial efficacy on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although silver is being extensively used in food or other applications as the key component to control microbial proliferation , many factors affecting its real potential are still unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , the presence of specific ligands or the contents in organic matter was correlated with silver speciation and its antibacterial performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver was found to be only active in form of free silver ions ( FSI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of chloride ions produced an equilibrium of stable silver chloride complexes which were void of antimicrobial efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "silver chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , even at relatively high concentrations of chlorides , a small fraction of FSI may still be present , producing a bactericidal effect with concentrations at the nanomolar level under optimum conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low concentrations of thiol groups completely inactivated silver , while methylsulphur groups only affected its efficacy at very high concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "methylsulphur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibacterial performance revealed differences of about 1000 - fold between results for environments with high organic matter content and results for aqueous salt buffers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thiol groups were nonetheless not found directly associated with the decrease in antimicrobial performance in a nutrient rich environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results point out the complexity of the antimicrobial systems based on silver and can have relevance in food or other applications of silver as an antimicrobial .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant capacity , polyphenolic content and tandem HPLC - DAD - ESI / MS profiling of phenolic compounds from the South American berries Luma apiculata and L . chequ e n .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Native Myrtaceae fruits were gathered by South American Amerindians as a food source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At present , there is still some regional consume of the small berries from trees belonging to genus Luma that occurs in southern Chile and Argentina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aerial parts and berries from Luma apiculata and Luma chequen were investigated for phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high performance electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry method was developed for the rapid identification of phenolics in polar extracts from both species .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - one phenolic compounds were detected and 27 were identified or tentatively characterised based on photodiode array UV - vis spectra ( DAD ) , ESI - MS - MS spectrometric data and spiking experiments with authentic standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve phenolic compounds were detected in L . apiculata fruits and 12 in the aerial parts while L . chequen yielded 10 compounds in fruits and 16 in aerial parts , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the compounds occurring in both Luma species , seven were identified as tannins or their monomers , 15 were flavonol derivatives and five were anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "tannins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "flavonol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The whole berry and aerial parts extracts presented high antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay ( IC50 of 10 . 41 +/- 0 . 02 and 2 . 44 +/- 0 . 03 mu g / mL for L . apiculata , 12 . 89 +/- 0 . 05 and 3 . 22 +/- 0 . 05 for L . chequen , respectively ) , which can be related to the diverse range of phenolics detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant capacity together with the high polyphenolic contents and compounds identified can support at least in part , their use as botanical drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the compounds identified in both species , 3 - O - ( 6 '' - O - galloyl ) - hexose derivatives of myricetin , quercetin , laricitrin and isorhamnetin are reported for the first time for the genus Luma .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - O - ( 6 '' - O - galloyl ) - hexose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 87]}, {"entity": "myricetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "laricitrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "isorhamnetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural characterisation of partially glycosylated whey protein as influenced by pH and heat using surface - enhanced Raman spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maillard - induced glycosylation of whey protein improves solubility and thermal stability over a wide pH range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the relationship between structural changes and functional enhancement upon glycosylation is not well - characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our objective was to characterise these structural changes and determine the protein conformation at various pH and thermal treatments , using surface - enhanced Raman - spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectra of glycosylated protein revealed a new peak at 983cm ( - 1 ) that can be used as a Raman marker for the early stage glycosylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon glycosylation , structural variations were significant at the disulfide , hydrophobic , amide III , amide II , and amide I regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "disulfide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ionisation of carboxyl groups at all tested pH values , and increased beta - sheet configuration were also observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The noted structural modifications imparted molecular rigidity and a consequent resistance to denaturation upon thermal treatment over a wide pH range .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings can be used to explain various functional enhancements of whey protein upon glycosylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in urocanic acid , histamine , putrescine and cadaverine levels in Indian mackerel ( Rastrelliger kanagurta ) during storage at different temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "urocanic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "putrescine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "cadaverine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histamine , putrescine cadaverine and cis - urocanic acid ( UCA ) have all been implicated or suggested in scombroid fish poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "putrescine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "cadaverine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "cis - urocanic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is little information on UCA especially during storage .", "entity": [{"entity": "UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in their contents during storage of whole Indian mackerel at 0 , 3 +/- 1 , 10 +/- 1 for up to 15days and 23 +/- 2 degrees C for up to 2days were monitored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fresh muscles contained 14 . 83mg / kg trans - UCA , 2 . 23mg / kg cis - UCA and 1 . 86mg / kg cadaverine .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "cis - UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "cadaverine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histamine and putrescine were not detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "putrescine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 15days at 0 and 3 degrees C , trans - UCA content increased to 52 . 83 and 189 . 51mg / kg , respectively , and decreased to < 2mg / kg at the other two temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Storage at 10 degrees C also resulted in an increase in trans - UCA after 3days , only to decrease after 6days .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of cis - UCA increased nearly 13 - fold after 15days at 0 and 3 degrees C , decreased at 10 degrees C and remained unchanged at 23 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "cis - UCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histamine , putrescine and cadaverine levels increased significantly ( P value < 0 . 05 ) at all temperatures especially at 23 degrees C .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "putrescine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "cadaverine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fundamental studies on the structural functionality of whey protein isolate in the presence of small polyhydroxyl compounds as co - solute .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyhydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work deals with the changing network morphology of whey protein isolate ( 15 % , w / w ) in the presence of glucose syrup ( co - solute ) with concentrations ranging from 0 % to 65 % ( w / w ) in 10mM CaCl2 solution , thus producing formulations with a total level of solids of up to 80 % ( w / w ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "CaCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Denaturation behaviour and aggregation of whey protein systems were investigated using small deformation dynamic oscillation on shear , micro and modulated differential scanning calorimetry , and confocal laser scanning microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A progression in the mechanical strength of protein aggregates was observed resulting from enhanced protein - protein interactions in the presence of glucose syrup .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of the co - solute resulted in better thermal stability of protein molecules by shifting the process of denaturation to higher temperature , as observed by calorimetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observations are supported by micrographs showing coherent networks with reduced size of whey protein aggregates in the presence of high levels of glucose syrup , as opposed to thick and random clusters for systems of whey protein by itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glass transition phenomenon was observed for condensed protein / co - solute systems , which were treated with theoretical concepts adapted from synthetic polymer research to pinpoint the mechanical glass transition temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Croton lechleri M u ll .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Euphorbiaceae ) stem bark essential oil as possible mutagen - protective food ingredient against heterocyclic amines from cooked food .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Amazonian Croton lechleri stem bark essential oil was tested for its anti - mutagenic potential by performing the Ames test against heterocyclic amines ( HCAs ) , in continuing research on applicative functional profile of this phytocomplex as food ingredient ( Rossi et al . , 2011 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "heterocyclic amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 155]}, {"entity": "HCAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 was used with and without metabolic activation ( S9 mix ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - mutagenic properties was assayed with the following HCAs : 2 - amino - 3 - methylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline ( IQ ) , 2 - amino - 3 , 4 - dimethylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline ( MeIQ ) , 2 - amino - 3 , 8 - dimethylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoxaline ( MeIQx ) , the imidazoles 2 - amino - 6 - methyldipyrido - [ 1 , 2 - a : 3 ' , 2 ' - d ] imidazole ( Glu - P - 1 ) and 2 - aminodipirydo - [ 1 , 2 - a : 3 ' , 2 ' - d ] imidazole ( Glu - P - 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 3 - methylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 125]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 3 , 4 - dimethylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 196]}, {"entity": "MeIQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 3 , 8 - dimethylimidazo - [ 4 , 5 - f ] quinoxaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 271]}, {"entity": "MeIQx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 279]}, {"entity": "imidazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 298]}, {"entity": "2 - amino - 6 - methyldipyrido - [ 1 , 2 - a : 3 ' , 2 ' - d ] imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 371]}, {"entity": "Glu - P - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [374, 385]}, {"entity": "2 - aminodipirydo - [ 1 , 2 - a : 3 ' , 2 ' - d ] imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [392, 451]}, {"entity": "Glu - P - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [454, 465]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All HCAs with S9 induced mutagenicity at 10 ( - 10 ) mol / plate .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without S9 , IQ and MeIQ showed mutagenicity at 10 ( - 8 ) mol / plate , MeIQx and Glu - P - 1 at 10 ( - 5 ) mol / plate , while Glu - P - 2 was inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeIQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "MeIQx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 78]}, {"entity": "Glu - P - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "Glu - P - 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In presence of HACs ( 10 ( - 9 ) mol / plate ) , C . lechleri essential oil was tested for mutagen - protective properties ( concentration range : 0 . 01 - 0 . 10mg / plate ) taking the Highest Uneffective Dose ( HUD ) as threshold reference .", "entity": [{"entity": "HACs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With S9 mix , C . lechleri essential oil displayed a significant reduction of revertants at 0 . 05mg / plate , from 21 % to 34 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The essential oil showed mutagen - protective efficacy against IQ and MeIQ tested as direct mutagens ( 10 ( - 7 ) mol / plate ) , with a revertants percentage reduction of 39 % and 40 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeIQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No anti - mutagen capacity was noted for MeIQx and Glu - P - 1 ( 10 ( - 5 ) mol / plate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MeIQx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Glu - P - 1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since HACs are known as possible colon and liver cancer inducers , C . lechleri essential oil was tested for its cytotoxicity and anti - proliferative capacity against LoVo and HepG2 cancer cell lines showing IC50 of 74 . 95 +/- 0 . 05 mu g / ml ( LoVo ) and 82 . 28 +/- 0 . 03 mu g / ml ( HepG2 ) , displaying a promising role of this essential oil as a functional food ingredient with interesting mutagen preventing properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "HACs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterisation of non - polar dimers formed during thermo - oxidative degradation of beta - sitosterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermo - oxidative degradation of sterols at temperature typical for frying leads to the formation of oxidised derivatives , fragmented sterols and oligomers .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "sterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research on sterol oxidation focuses mainly on the oxysterol derivatives formation to the exclusion of compounds with high molecular mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "oxysterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work was to decipher the chemical structure of non - polar dimers formed during beta - sitosterol oxidation at 180 degrees C in the presence of oxygen .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dimer fraction was separated by size - exclusion chromatography ( SEC ) after pre - fractionation on silica gel .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica gel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chemical structure of the dimers was assessed by 1D and 2D NMR , IR , Raman and MS spectroscopies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMR data confirmed that the predominant non - polar dimer formed during beta - sitosterol oxidative degradation has a configuration of 3 beta , 3 beta ' - disitosteryl ether .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - sitosterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "3 beta , 3 beta ' - disitosteryl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data from IR and Raman spectroscopies further proved it chemical structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Applied analytical techniques also confirmed presence of dimers with different configuration than disteryl ethers .", "entity": [{"entity": "disteryl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proportions of A1 , A2 , B and C beta - casein protein variants in retail milk in the UK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The A1 variant protein of the beta - casein family has been implicated in various disease states although much evidence is weak or contradictory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary objective was to measure , for the first time , the proportions of the key beta - casein variant proteins in UK retail milk over the course of one year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , 55 samples of semi - skimmed milk were purchased from five supermarkets over the course of a year and the proportions of the A1 , A2 , B and C casein variant proteins were measured , using high resolution HPLC - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that beta - casein in UK retail milk comprises approximately 0 . 58 , 0 . 31 , 0 . 07 and 0 . 03 A2 , A1 , B and C protein variants , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proportion of A2 is higher than some early studies would predict although the reasons for this and any implications for health are unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RP - HPLC and chemometrics for wheat flour protein characterisation in an industrial bread - making process monitoring context .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the baking industry , a difficult task is to keep the quality perceived by the consumer as constant as possible , given the inner variability of flour , e . g . due to different wheat mixtures , harvesting time , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we evaluated the influence of flour batches properties on bread quality , considering an industrial bread making process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , flour composition in terms of protein fractions ( gliadins , glutenins ) has been determined by means of RP - HPLC , to assess the inter - and intra - batch variability of flour mixtures deliveries at a baking plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate data analysis allowed evaluation of correlation between flour protein composition and technological properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A great variability within different deliveries of a same flour batch emerged , as well as a considerable seasonal variability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation models among protein sub - fractions , technological properties and bread quality are difficult to establish ; however , the role of the protein profile on flour behaviour in bread making could be highlighted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthocyanins in the ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel and their protective effect on neuronal PC - 12 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenolics of the fresh ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel were extracted and separated into anthocyanin and the non - anthocyanin fractions , which were used for the evaluation for antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anthocyanin fraction accounted for approximately 47 - 55 % of the total antioxidant capacity of the whole extract and had significantly higher free radical - scavenging capacity than the non - anthocyanin fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the anthocyanins alleviated intracellular oxidative stress , as assayed by in vitro fluorescent measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anthocyanins showed neuroprotective effects on PC - 12 cells in vitro against oxidative stress in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triple quadrupole LC / MS and Q - TOF LC / MS analyses revealed four major anthocyanins ; cyanidin 3 - O - sambubioside , cyanidin 3 - O - glucoside , cyanidin 3 - O - xylosylrutinoside , and cyanidin 3 - O - rutinoside in increasing order of amounts .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "cyanidin 3 - O - sambubioside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 119]}, {"entity": "cyanidin 3 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 148]}, {"entity": "cyanidin 3 - O - xylosylrutinoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 185]}, {"entity": "cyanidin 3 - O - rutinoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrated that anthocyanins are the major components and contributors to the antioxidant capacity of ripe R . coreanus Miquel fruits .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are warranted to determine whether consumption of the fruits reduces oxidative stress in the brain and promotes health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extraction and structural characterisation of rhamnogalacturonan I - type pectic polysaccharides from potato cell wall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell wall material from potato pulp by - product was used for the extraction of galactan - rich rhamnogalacturonan I ( RG - I ) type pectic polysaccharides using alkaline ( NaOH and KOH ) and enzymatic ( endopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger ) methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}, {"entity": "KOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extraction yield increased as the concentration of alkaline solution was increased from 0 . 5M ( 22 - 24 % ) to 2M ( 53 - 56 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The yield of 38 % obtained upon the enzymatic treatment was similar to those observed with 1M alkaline solutions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results reveal the high debranching of arabinan side chains of RG I as compared to the galactan ones under harsh alkaline conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular weight distribution shows that the enzymatic extraction led to the highest proportion of high - molecular weight polysaccharides ( > 500kDa ; 62 . 2 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to monosaccharide pattern , the weak acidic fractions of high alkaline ( 1 - 2M ) - based polysaccharide extracts was the most enriched with galactan - rich RG I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using milder conditions ( enzyme and weak alkaline ) , two RG I populations with low and high linked homogalacturonan fragments were recovered in the weak and strong acidic fractions , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of galactan - rich RG I was confirmed by H ( 1 ) NMR spectroscopy analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( 1 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distribution of carotenoids in endosperm , germ , and aleurone fractions of cereal grain kernels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compare the distribution of carotenoids across the grain , non - corn and corn cereals were hand dissected into endosperm , germ and aleurone fractions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total carotenoid content ( TCC ) and carotenoid composition were analysed using spectrophotometry and HPLC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cereal carotenoid composition was similar ; however , concentrations varied significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endosperm fractions had TCC ranging from 0 . 88 to 2 . 27 and 14 . 17 to 31 . 35mg / kg in non - corn cereals and corn , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCC , lutein and zeaxanthin in germ fractions were higher in non - corn cereals than in corn .", "entity": [{"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lutein and zeaxanthin contents were lower in non - corn cereal endosperms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aleurone layer had zeaxanthin levels 2 - to 5 - fold higher than lutein among the cereals .", "entity": [{"entity": "zeaxanthin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "lutein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive significant correlations ( p < 0 . 05 ) were found between TCC , carotenoids analysed by HPLC and DPPH results .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study is the first to report on carotenoid composition of the aleurone layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that the aleurone of wheat , oat , corn and germ of barley have significantly enhanced carotenoid levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aluminium and other elements in selected herbal tea plant species and their infusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aluminium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of Al , B , Cu , Fe , Mn , Ni , P , Zn and Ca , K , Mg by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP - OES ) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy ( FAAS ) , respectively , in digests and infusions of Hibiscus sabdariffa ( petals ) , Rosa canina ( receptacles ) , Ginkgo biloba ( leaves ) , Cymbopogon citratus ( leaves ) , Aloe vera ( leaves ) and Panax ginseng ( roots ) was carried out in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 51]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 67]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Particular attention has been given to Al and heavy metals for the identification of possible raw material contaminants , their transformation into the infusion and for predicting their eventual role in the human diet during daily consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , Ion Chromatography ( IC ) speciation of Al in the leachates was carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In dry herbs , hibiscus and ginkgo appeared to contain the greatest contents of Al , Fe , K , Mn , Ni , Zn and B , Mg , P , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 82]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 87]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 91]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 112]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . vera contained the highest amount of Ca and highest values of Cu and P were observed in ginseng .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In infusions , the topmost concentrations of Al , B , Cu , Fe , P , K , Mn , Ni , Zn were detected in those prepared from hibiscus petals , Ca from aloe leaves and Mg from leaves of ginkgo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 51]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 65]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to a possible daily consumption exceeding 1L , hibiscus decoction was identified as potentially dietetically significant in the content of certain elements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seems to be possibly one of the top contributors of B from food ( up to 5 . 5 +/- 0 . 2mg / L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Mg contained in the infusion ( up to 106 +/- 5mg / L ) may be a contributor in the attenuation of blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high amount of accessible Mn ( up to 17 . 4 +/- 1 . 1mg / L ) can probably have an adverse effect in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total Al allowance ( up to 1 . 2 +/- 0 . 1mg / L ) suggests that no more than 1L of the hibiscus infusion should be consumed per day by sensitive individuals including pregnant women and should be completely excluded from the diet of children under 6months of age and children with chronic renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cultivar variations in antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties of pomelo pulp ( Citrus grandis [ L . ] Osbeck ) in Thailand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pomelo ( Citrus grandis L . Osbeck ) is a native fruit of great economic importance in Southeast Asia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To provide experimental evidence for the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties of pomelo , 6 cultivars , including Kao - Yai ( KY ) , Thong - dee ( TD ) , Kao - Tangkwa ( KT ) , Kao - Numpueng ( KN ) , Ta - Koi ( TK ) , and Tubtim Siam ( TS ) were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KY had the highest phenolic content , and the strongest 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - pireyhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - pireyhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 92]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the high - performance liquid chromatography analysis , naringin and naringenin were the major flavonoids in the KT and TK cultivars .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "naringenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six pomelo cultivars had antihyperlipidemic activities including the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase , as well as cholesterol micelle formation and bile acid binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the 6 cultivars were separated into 2 classifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the total phenolics of the pomelo cultivars were significantly correlated with ferric reducing antioxidant power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Trolox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that pomelo provides significant health benefits and may be used for developing functional foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and quantification of active alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus by liquid chromatography - ion trap mass spectrometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that produces anticancer compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The active alkaloids vinblastine , vindoline , ajmalicine , catharanthine , and vinleurosine were identified by direct - injection ion trap - mass spectrometry ( IT - MS ) for collecting MS ( 1 - 2 ) spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "vindoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "ajmalicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "catharanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "vinleurosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determinations of five alkaloids were accomplished by liquid chromatography ( LC ) with UV and MS detections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analytes provided good signals corresponding to the protonated molecular ions [ M + H ] ( + ) and product ions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The precursor ions and product ions for quantification of vinblastine , vindoline , ajmalicine , catharanthine , and vinleurosine were m / z 825 --> 807 , 457 --> 397 , 353 --> 144 , 337 --> 144 and 809 --> 748 by LC - IT - MS , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "vindoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "ajmalicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "catharanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "vinleurosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two methods were used to evaluate a number of validation characteristics ( repeatability , LOD , calibration range , and recovery ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MS provided a high selectivity and sensitivity for determination of five alkaloids in positive mode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After optimisation of the methods , separation , identification and quantification of the five components in C . roseus were comprehensively accomplished by HPLC with UV and MS detection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structures and reactions of compounds involved in pink discolouration of onion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In \" pinking \" of onion , E - ( + ) - S - ( 1 - propenyl ) - l - cysteine sulfoxide is first cleaved by alliinase to yield colour developers ( CDs ) , which react with amino acids , such as valine , to form pigment precursors ( PPs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "E - ( + ) - S - ( 1 - propenyl ) - l - cysteine sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 83]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "valine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PPs react with naturally occurring carbonyls ( NOCs ) to form pigments .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By inducing a PP from previously isolated cepathiolanes and l - valine , it was confirmed that cepathiolanes constitute at least a part of the CDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cepathiolanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "l - valine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "cepathiolanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the PP and formaldehyde as a NOC , two colourless and two pink compounds were derived .", "entity": [{"entity": "formaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of one of the colourless compounds was established as 2 - ( 2 - ( 1 - ( 1 - carboxy - 2 - methylpropyl ) - 3 , 4 - dimethyl - 1H - pyrrol - 2 - yl ) methyl - 3 , 4 - dimethyl - 1H - pyrrol - 1 - yl ) - 3 - methylbutanoic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 2 - ( 1 - ( 1 - carboxy - 2 - methylpropyl ) - 3 , 4 - dimethyl - 1H - pyrrol - 2 - yl ) methyl - 3 , 4 - dimethyl - 1H - pyrrol - 1 - yl ) - 3 - methylbutanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the other colourless compound and the pink pigments were predicted based on their molecular formula and the MS ( n ) spectral data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A trimeric pigment structure was predicted for one of the pink pigments , which was believed to be the first to be reported in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With these , a new reaction scheme for \" pinking \" of onion is proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of floral sources on the antioxidant , antimicrobial , and anti - inflammatory activities of honeys in Taiwan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the antioxidant , antibacterial , and anti - inflammatory activities of honey made from different floral sources , including the medicinal herb Bidens pilosa , fruit trees , Dimocarpus longan , Litchi chinensis , and Citrus maxima , the Taiwanese endemic plant Aglaia formosana , and a multifloral forest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the honey made from B . pilosa were significantly higher than those of the other honeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The honey from B . pilosa also had significantly greater scavenging activities for 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH . ) and hydroxyl radical , and substantially more reducing power .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 120]}, {"entity": "DPPH .", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the honey from B . pilosa showed greater antibacterial activity against Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , B . pilosa honey showed little inhibitory activity against IL - 8 secretion , whereas the other honeys did .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that the levels of antioxidant and antibacterial activities are attributable to the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of honeys , while the IL - 8 inhibition is attributable to components other than phenols .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty acid profiling of the seed oils of some varieties of field peas ( Pisum sativum ) by RP - LC / ESI - MS / MS : Towards the development of an oilseed pea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversed - phase liquid chromatography coupled to negative - ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ( RP - LC / ESI - MS / MS ) was used to study the fatty acid profile from the oil of harvested field pea ( Pisum sativum ) varieties as part of a research project to develop this legume as a commercial oilseed for Canada .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seed oils from pea samples contained palmitic and stearic acids as major saturated fatty acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitic and stearic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 67]}, {"entity": "saturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oleic , linoleic and linolenic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oleic , linoleic and linolenic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "unsaturated fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small percentages of other long chain fatty acids were also detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This profile suggests that the species of field pea investigated might have the potential to be used as raw materials to develop a future new oilseed crop for the food industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty acid extracts did not require further manipulation before final analysis by RP - LC / ESI - MS / MS , indicating the utility and relative simplicity of this technique for future screening studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tert - butylhydroquinone recognition of molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor based on core - shell nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tert - butylhydroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One novel electrochemistry - molecular imprinting sensor for determining tert - butylhydroquinone ( TBHQ ) in foodstuff was developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "tert - butylhydroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 97]}, {"entity": "TBHQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TBHQ - imprinted core - shell nanoparticles ( TICSNs ) were fabricated using silica nanoparticles as core material .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBHQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The silica nanoparticles were modified with ( 3 - chloropropyl ) trimethoxysilan and polyethylenimine , respectively , and polymerised to form the TICSNs with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross - linker .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "( 3 - chloropropyl ) trimethoxysilan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 80]}, {"entity": "polyethylenimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "ethylene glycol dimethacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific core - shell structure demonstrates extremely high specific surface area which greatly increases the effective binding sites and improves the recognition capability for model molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under the optimal conditions , the linear range of the calibration curve was 0 . 1 - 50 . 0mgkg ( - 1 ) with the detection limit of 0 . 27mgkg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of TBHQ in food samples and achieved high sensitivity and selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TBHQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin inhibits invasion and metastasis in K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin , the active constituent of dietary spice turmeric , possesses a strong potential for cancer prevention and treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is no study to address the effects of curcumin on invasion and metastasis of thyroid cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs , and its incidence rates have steadily increased over recent decades .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although most indolent tumours can be effectively managed , metastatic tumours at distant secondary sites behave aggressively and currently there is no effective form of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , for the first time it has been reported that curcumin inhibit multiple metastasis steps of K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin dose - dependently suppressed viability of K1 cells as well as its cell attachment , spreading , migration and invasion abilities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , curcumin could also down - regulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase - 9 ( MMP - 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings showed that curcumin might be an effective tumouristatic agent for the treatment of aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of solvent - minimized extraction methods in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish oil has been identified as one of the most important contributors to the level of Persistent Organic Pollutants ( POPs ) in feed products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) in fish oils is complicated due to the fat matrix , which affects both extraction efficiency and analytical quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 53]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article reviews and addresses two of the most relevant analytical methods for determining 11 mutagenic and carcinogenic PAHs , as well as two EPA indicator PAHs in fish oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss and critically evaluate two different extraction procedures , such as ultrasound - assisted solvent extraction ( USAE ) and ultrasound - assisted emulsification - microextraction ( USAEME ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clean - up of extracts was performed by solid - phase extraction using C18 and glass columns containing silica gel and florisil for USAE or only C18 for USAEME .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica gel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "florisil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of the selected PAHs was carried out by high - performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection for determination .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimization of the variables affecting extraction by the selected extraction techniques was conducted and recoveries ranged from 70 % to 100 % by USAE and from 70 % to 108 % by USAEME with estimated quantification limits between 0 . 020 and 2 . 6 mu g / kg were achieved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the applicability of the selected methods was evaluated by the analysis of real samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first time that USAEME has been applied to the determination of PAHs in food matrices , such as oil fish samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methods proposed were applied to the determination of the target PAHs in fish samples from different countries , and it was found that the low PAH contamination of the selected fish oils could mainly occur by atmospheric sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAHs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - enzymatic glycation of natural actomyosin ( NAM ) with glucosamine in a liquid system at moderate temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muscle protein functionality plays an important role in routine applications in the food industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycation by the Maillard reaction is a naturally occurring process , which can be used to develop new ingredients with improved functionality using a food grade approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actomyosin was conjugated with glucose or glucosamine in a liquid system at moderate temperatures ( 40 degrees C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sugar to protein conjugation was evident by UV - Vis spectral changes , with the glycation level determined by matrix assisted laser desorption / ionisation mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameters for glycation of muscle protein were optimised using the bidimensional hierarchical clustering analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best glycation conditions were 40 degrees C for 8h at 1 : 3 protein : sugar ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Solubility and emulsifying properties of glycoconjugates were significantly improved as compared to non - glycated proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At pH 7 glycated actomyosin was on average 31 % more soluble compared to non - treated protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucosamine was found to be more effective for glycation and provided higher protein functionality as compared to glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of saccharide protection against epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate deterioration in aqueous solutions .", "entity": [{"entity": "saccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the mechanisms of the protection conferred by sugars to epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate ( EGCG ) against deterioration .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "epigallocatechin - 3 - gallate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 102]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we present a rapid method for evaluating the deterioration rate of EGCG using absorbance spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that various sugars provided different levels of protection at identical weight percentage , and the combination of sugars and beta - lactoglobulin nanocomplexes provided greater protection for EGCG than each protective component alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that the concentration - dependent protection by sugars resulted from a combination of mechanisms , including : ( 1 ) reduced aqueous O2 solubility , ( 2 ) scavenging of reactive oxygen species , and ( 3 ) chelation of traces of transition metal ions , which is suggested to be the main reason for the differences among the sugars .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}, {"entity": "transition metal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 256]}, {"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [335, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed protective effect of sugars can be easily applied by the industry in proper selection of sugars for enrichment of syrups or concentrates with EGCG and for the preparation of enriched beverages and foods for health promotion .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "sugars", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "EGCG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined impact of Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic alpha - amylase and surfactants on starch pasting and gelation properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In baking applications involving starch gelatinisation , surfactants such as sodium stearoyl lactylate ( SSL ) and monoacylglycerols ( MAG ) and Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic alpha - amylase ( BStA ) can be used jointly .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium stearoyl lactylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 102]}, {"entity": "SSL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "monoacylglycerols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "MAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We here showed that SSL but not MAG delays wheat starch hydrolysis by BStA .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "MAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects were explained in terms of different degrees of adsorption of the surfactants on the starch granule surface , retarded and / or decreased water uptake and delayed availability of gelatinised starch for hydrolysis by BStA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional experiments with waxy maize starch led to the conclusion that SSL impacts swelling power and carbohydrate leaching more by covering the starch granule surface than by forming amylose - lipid complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SSL postponed starch hydrolysis by BStA , but this did not influence subsequent starch gelation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , when adding SSL or MAG on top of BStA to starch suspensions , the effect of the surfactants on gel strength predominated over that of BStA .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "MAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyphasic approach to the identification of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from Brazil nuts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to use a polyphasic approach to identify Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from Brazil nuts collected in the Amazon forest : investigation of macro - and microscopic morphology , production of extrolites , heat - resistance fungi , and sequencing of DNA regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following Aspergillus section Flavi species were identified : Aspergillus flavus ( 75 . 5 % ) , Aspergillus nomius ( 22 . 3 % ) , and Aspergillus parasiticus ( 2 . 2 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All A . nomius and A . parasiticus isolates produced aflatoxins B and G , but not cyclopiazonic acid ( CPA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxins B and G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "cyclopiazonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 100]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A . flavus isolates were more diversified and a high frequency of mycotoxigenic strains was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polyphasic approach permitted the reliable identification of section Flavi species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of mycotoxigenic strains was high ( 92 . 7 % ) and mainly included A . flavus strains producing elevated levels of aflatoxins and CPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "aflatoxins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results highlight the possibility of co - occurrence of both toxins , increasing their potential toxic effect in this commodity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavour profiles of three novel acidic varieties of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel acidic varieties of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L . ) are emerging onto the UK market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These melons contain almost twice the amount of citric acid compared to standard melons and are described as ' zesty and fresh ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "citric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study compared the flavour components of three acidic varieties with a standard Galia - type melon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volatile and semivolatile compounds were extracted , using dynamic headspace extraction ( DHE ) or solid - phase microextraction ( SPME ) and solid phase extraction ( SPE ) , respectively , followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry ( GC - MS ) and gas chromatography - olfactometry ( GC - O ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 50 volatile and 50 semivolatile compounds were identified in the headspace and the SPE extracts , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GC - O revealed 15 odour - active components in the headspace , with esters being consistently higher in the acidic variety .", "entity": [{"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study showed quantitative and qualitative differences among all four varieties and key differences between acidic varieties and standard melons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ostreol A : A new cytotoxic compound isolated from the epiphytic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf . ovata from the coastal waters of Jeju Island , Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ostreol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ostreol A was isolated from cultures of the epiphytic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf . ovata from the coastal waters of Jeju Island , Korea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ostreol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound , a non - palytoxin derivative , has a polyhydroxy chain ending with the primary amino group and contains an amide bond , along with two tetrahydropyran rings in the chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyhydroxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "primary amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 99]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "tetrahydropyran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its chemical structure was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy methods and confirmed by mass analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound exhibited significant cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test at a concentration of 0 . 9 mu g / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arylsulfonamide pyrimidines as VLA - 4 antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arylsulfonamide pyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of ( S ) - 2 - ( 2 - ( diethylamino ) - 5 - ( N - alkyl - N - sulfonamido ) pyrimidin - 4 - ylamino ) - 3 - ( 4 - ( carbamoyloxy ) phenyl ) propanoic acid is discovered as orally available VLA - 4 antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "( S ) - 2 - ( 2 - ( diethylamino ) - 5 - ( N - alkyl - N - sulfonamido ) pyrimidin - 4 - ylamino ) - 3 - ( 4 - ( carbamoyloxy ) phenyl ) propanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Representative compounds 11b and 11p showed efficacy in multiple in vivo animal models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro selectivity of 11p is also described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fibroblast as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant advances have been made in the last 5 years that have finally allowed investigators to start targeting stromal cells such as fibroblasts in inflammatory disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheumatoid arthritis is a prototype inflammatory disease , in which fibroblasts maintain the persistence of inflammation in the joint underpinned by a unique pathological phenotype driven by multiple epigenetic modifications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The step changes that are enabling the development of such therapies are an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which fibroblasts mediate persistence and the discovery of new markers that identify discrete functional subsets of fibroblast cells that have potential as disease - specific therapeutic targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melittin peptide kills Trypanosoma cruzi parasites by inducing different cell death pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) are components of the innate immune response that represent desirable alternatives to conventional pharmaceuticals , as they have a fast mode of action , a low likelihood of resistance development and can act in conjunction with existing drug regimens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AMPs exhibit strong inhibitory activity against both Gram - positive and Gram - negative bacteria , fungi , viruses , metazoans and other parasites , such as the protozoan Leishmania .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melittin is a naturally occurring AMP , which comprises 40 - 50 % of the dry weight of Apis mellifera venom .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our group has recently shown that crude A . mellifera venom is lethal to Trypanosoma cruzi , the Chagas disease etiologic agent , and generates a variety of cell death phenotypes among treated parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we demonstrate that the melittin affected all of T . cruzi developmental forms , including the intracellular amastigotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultrastructural changes induced by melittin suggested the occurrence of different programmed cell death pathways , as was observed in A . mellifera - treated parasites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autophagic cell death appeared to be the main death mechanism in epimastigotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , melittin - treated trypomastigotes appeared to be dying via an apoptotic mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings confirm the great potential of AMPs , including melittin , as a potential source of new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases , such as Chagas disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRP and ASIC channels mediate the antinociceptive effect of citronellyl acetate .", "entity": [{"entity": "citronellyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background Citronellyl acetate ( CAT ) , a monoterpene product of the secondary metabolism of plants , has been shown in the literature to possess several different biological activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citronellyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "monoterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no antinociceptive abilities have yet been discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we used acute pain animal models to describe the antinociceptive action of CAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods The acetic acid - induced writhing test and the paw - licking test , in which paw licking was induced by glutamate and formalin , were performed to evaluate the antinociceptive action of CAT and to determine the involvement of PKC , PKA , TRPV1 , TRPA1 , TRPM8 and ASIC in its antinociceptive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To do so , we induced paw - linking using agonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results CAT was administered intragastrically ( 25 , 50 , 75 , 100 and 200mg / kg ) , and the two higher doses caused antinociceptive effects in the acetic acid model ; the highest dose reduced pain for 4h after it was administered ( 200mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the formalin test , two doses of CAT promoted antinociception in both the early and later phases of the test .", "entity": [{"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glutamate test showed that its receptors are involved in the antinociceptive mechanism of CAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with CAT did not alter locomotor activity or motor coordination .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an investigation into the participation of TRP channels and ASICs in CAT ' s antinociceptive mechanism , we used capsaicin ( 2 . 2 mu g / paw ) , cinnamaldehyde ( 10mmol / paw ) , menthol ( 1 . 2mmol / paw ) and acidified saline ( 2 % acetic acid , pH 1 . 98 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "cinnamaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "menthol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that TRPV1 , TRPM8 and ASIC , but not TRPA1 , are involved in the antinociceptive mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the involvement of PKC and PKA was also studied , and we showed that both play a role in the antinociceptive mechanism of CAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion The results of this work contribute information regarding the antinociceptive properties of CAT on acute pain and show that , at least in part , TRPV1 , TRPM8 , ASIC , glutamate receptors , PKC and PKA participate in CAT ' s antinociceptive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "CAT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovering and targeting the basic mechanism of neurodegeneration : The role of peptides from the C - terminus of acetylcholinesterase : Non - hydrolytic effects of ache : The actions of peptides derived from the C - terminal and their relevance to neurodegeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 100]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) is now well - established widely as a signalling molecule with non - hydrolytic functions including trophic activity in a diverse variety of situations in both neural and non - neural tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have focussed on the observation that AChE , operating as a trophic agent independent of its enzymatic action , does indeed trigger calcium entry into neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is possible that AChE has a dual non - classical action that ranges along a trophic - toxic axis , depending on amount , duration of availability and , most significantly , age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neurodegenerative diseases could therefore be viewed as aberrant activation of developmental mechanisms with ' non - cholinergic ' AChE as a , perhaps the , pivotal molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified two peptides that could be cleaved from the C - terminus of T - AChE , one ( T14 ) , within the other ( T30 ) , and which have a strong sequence homology to the comparable region of beta - amyloid whilst the inert residue within the T30 sequence ( ' T15 ' ) acts as a control , and is without effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have subsequently been able to ascribe the trophic - toxic actions of the both T14 and T30 peptides to the modulation of calcium influx via an allosteric site on the alpha - 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( alpha 7 - nAChR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the scenario described here is indeed the primary mechanism of neurodegeneration , then interception of the actions of the ' non - cholinergic ' AChE - peptides T14 and T30 at the alpha 7 - nAChR , would be a promising novel therapy for arresting and stabilising cell loss in Alzheimer ' s disease , whereas detection of the peptides ideally in the blood , could provide a sensitive surrogate marker .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If the marker was sensitive enough to be detected pre - symptomatically in a routine blood test , then the medication for arresting further cell loss could be initiated at that time , and the symptoms would never appear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dual approach of identifying the marker and then intercepting its further action , could thus amount to an effective treatment for Alzheimer ' s and other neurodegenerative diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide - co - hydroxyethylacrylamide ) thermosensitive microspheres : The size of microgels dictates the pulsatile release mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide - co - hydroxyethylacrylamide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide - co - N - hydroxyethylacrylamide ) ( poly ( NIPAAm - co - HEAAm ) ) was prepared as a new thermosensitive copolymer possessing a sharp phase transition around the human body temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( N - isopropylacrylamide - co - N - hydroxyethylacrylamide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 66]}, {"entity": "poly ( NIPAAm - co - HEAAm )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of the copolymer concentration on the lower critical solution temperature ( LCST ) was determined under physiological conditions by cloud point ( CP ) and differential scanning calorimetric ( DSC ) methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , thermosensitive microspheres were prepared from preformed copolymers by chemical cross - linking of hydroxyl groups with glutaraldehyde at a temperature situated slightly below LCST of the copolymer solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}, {"entity": "glutaraldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The volume phase transition temperature ( VPTT ) of corresponding cross - linked microspheres was determined from swelling degree - temperature curve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microspheres were loaded with model drug indomethacin by the solvent evaporation method .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DSC analysis proved that the drug is molecularly dispersed in the polymer network .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the influence of the microsphere size on drug release was investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was established that microspheres with the diameter ranging between 5 and 60 mu m release the drug with almost the same rate below ( in the swollen state ) and above the VPTT ( in the collapsed state ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , microspheres with the diameter ranging between 125 and 220 mu m release a significantly higher amount of indomethacin below than above the VPTT .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This different behavior is enough to assure a pulsatile release mechanism when the temperature changes cyclically below and above the VPTT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both small and large microspheres release a large amount of the drug during the collapsing process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carboxymethyl starch and lecithin complex as matrix for targeted drug delivery : I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carboxymethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monolithic Mesalamine forms for colon delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesalamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For drugs expected to act locally in the colon , and for successful treatment , a delivery device is necessary , in order to limit the systemic absorption which decreases effectiveness and causes important side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various delayed release systems are currently commercialized ; most of them based on pH - dependent release which is sensitive to gastrointestinal pH variation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study proposes a novel excipient for colon delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This new preparation consists in the complexation between carboxymethyl starch ( CMS ) and Lecithin ( L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboxymethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As opposed to existing excipients , the new complex is pH - independent , inexpensive , and easy to manufacture and allows a high drug loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FTIR , X - ray , and SEM structural analysis all support the hypothesis of the formation of a complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By minor variation of the excipient content within the tablet , it is possible to modulate the release time and delivery at specific sites of the gastrointestinal tract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study opens the door to a new pH - independent delivery system for mesalamine targeted administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesalamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our novel formulation fits well with the posology of mesalamine , used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease ( IBD ) , which requires repeated administrations ( 1g orally four times a day ) to maintain a good quality of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesalamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystallization of poly ( ethylene oxide ) with acetaminophen - A study on solubility , spherulitic growth , and morphology .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ethylene oxide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple , sensitive , efficient , and novel method analyzing the number of spherulitic nuclei was proposed to estimate the solubility of a model drug acetaminophen ( APAP ) in poly ( ethylene oxide ) ( PEO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 164]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene oxide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 200]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At high crystallization temperature ( 323K ) , 10 % APAP - PEO had the same low number of spherulitic nuclei as pure PEO , indicating that APAP and PEO were fully miscible .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low crystallization temperature ( 303K ) , the number of nuclei for 10 % APAP - PEO was significantly higher , suggesting that APAP was oversaturated and therefore recrystallized and acted as a nucleating agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results obtained , the solubility of APAP in PEO is possibly between the concentration of 0 . 1 % and 1 % at 303K .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spherulitic growth rate G of PEO was found to decrease with increasing APAP concentration , suggesting that APAP is most likely functioning as a chemical defect and is either rejected from or included in the PEO crystals during chain folding .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APAP could possibly locate in the inter - spherulitic , inter - fibrillar , inter - lamellar , or intra - lamellar regions of PEO .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 323K , the morphology of 10 % APAP - PEO is more dendritic than spherulitic with large unfilled space in between dendrites and spherulites , which is a sign of one or the combination of the four modes of segregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extensive spherulitic nucleation and growth kinetics study using the classical theoretical relationships , for example , the Hoffman - Lauritzen ( HL ) and Avrami theories , was conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both microscopic and differential scanning calorimetric ( DSC ) analysis yielded similar values for the nucleation constant Kg as well as the fold surface free energy sigma e and work of chain folding q .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The values of sigma e and q increased with APAP concentration , indicating that the chain folding of PEO was hindered by APAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "PEO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyaluronic acid / chitosan multilayer coatings on neuronal implants for localized delivery of siRNA nanoplexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binding , stabilizing and promoting cellular uptake of siRNA are all critical efforts in creating matrices for the localized delivery of siRNA molecules to target cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we describe the generation of chitosan imidazole / siRNA nanoplexes ( NPs ) embedded in nano scope polyelectrolyte multilayers ( PEMs ) composed of hyaluronic acid and chitosan for sustained and localized drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regular PEM build - up , successful integration of NPs and controlled release under physiological conditions were shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological efficacy was evaluated in neuronal cell culture concerning cell adhesion , viability , NPs uptake and gene silencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The additionally shown biological functionalization of neuronal implants possesses potential for future applications in the field of regenerative medicine and treatment of spinal cord injuries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medicinal plants of genus Curculigo : Traditional uses and a phytochemical and ethnopharmacological review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : In the genus Curculigo , Curculigo orchioides Gaertn , Curculigo capitulata ( Lour ) O .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ktze and Curculigo pilosa ( Schumach . & Thonn . ) Engl are often used in traditional medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curculigo orchioides is used for the treatment of impotence , limb limpness , arthritis of the lumbar and knee joints , and watery diarrhea in traditional Chinese medicine , and also used as a potent immunomodulator and aphrodisiac in the Ayurvedic medical system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curculigo capitulata is used for the treatment of consumptive cough , kidney asthenia , impotence and spermatorrhea , hemorrhoids , asthma , jaundice , diarrhea , colic and gonorrhea in traditional Chinese and India medicine , and to treat urinary tract infection , acute renal pelvis and nephritis , nephritis - edema , cystitis , nephrolithiasis , hypertension and rheumatic arthritis in traditional Dai medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curculigo pilosa are applied to treat gastrointestinal and heart diseases in Africa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE REVIEW : This review aims to exhibit up - to - date and comprehensive information about traditional uses , phytochemistry , pharmacology and toxicology of medicinal plants in the genus Curculigo , and has an insight into the opportunities for the future research and development of Curculigo plant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A bibliographic investigation was performed by analyzing the information available on Curculigo plant from worldwide accepted scientific databases ( Pubmed , Scopus and Web of Science , SciFinder , Google Scholar , Yahoo ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , information also was obtained from some local and foreign books on ethnobotany and ethnomedicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Curculigo orchioides , Curculigo capitulata and Curculigo pilosa have been used as traditional medicine to treat kinds of diseases such as impotence , limb limpness , gastrointestinal and heart diseases , etc .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical investigation of eight species of the genus Curculigo has resulted in identification of more than 110 compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The content of curculigoside is used as an indicator to evaluate the quality of rhizome of Curculigo orchioides .", "entity": [{"entity": "curculigoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The medicinal plants have showed a wide spectrum pharmacological activities , including adaptive , immunostimulatory , taste - modifying and sweet - tasting , antioxidant , mast cell stabilization , antihistaminic and antiasthmatic , hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicological test indicated that Curculigo orchioides at the dose of 120g / kg after administrating rats for 180 days may cause injury of liver and kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The medicinal plants of genus Curculigo have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some uses of these plants in the traditional medicines have been validated by pharmacological investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism of their actions should be further elucidated ; the particular constituent responsible for toxicity should be isolated and identified , and the target tissue and mechanism of toxic ingredients also deserve to be further investigated ; more reference substances should be prepared , and sophisticated analytical technologies should be developed to comprehensively assess the quality of Curculigo herbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These investigations will be helpful for further utilization of the plants of genus Curculigo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory activity of hexane extracts from bones and internal organs of Anguilla japonica suppresses cyclooxygenase - 2 - dependent prostaglandin D2 generation in mast cells and anaphylaxis in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin D2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of n - hexane extracts from bones and internal organs of Japanese eel , Anguilla japonica ( HEE ) , on cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) - dependent prostaglandin D2 ( PGD2 ) generation in stem cell factor ( SCF ) , IL - 10 , plus LPS - induced mouse bone marrow - derived mast cells ( BMMCs ) and on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis ( PCA ) in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin D2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 218]}, {"entity": "PGD2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HEE suppressed SCF / IL - 10 / LPS - induced PGD2 generation , and concomitantly reduced COX - 2 protein expression dose - dependently .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGD2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To understand the mechanistic basis for the inhibition of PGD2 generation by HEE , we examined the effects of HEE on upstream signaling pathways essential for COX - 2 induction .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGD2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HEE was found to inhibit the translocation of nuclear factor - kappa B ( NF - kappa B ) p65 subunit to the nucleus and its DNA - binding ability through the inhibition of TAK1 , IKK and I kappa B phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , HEE also attenuated mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) - mediated regulation of DNA binding of activator protein - 1 ( AP - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , oral administration of HEE inhibited anti - dinitrophenyl ( DNP ) IgE - induced PCA in a dose dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "dinitrophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "DNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the present study provides new insights into the anti - inflammatory activity of HEE , which could be a promising candidate to be used for an inflammatory therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinblastine - induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by Ras homologous A protein ( Rho A ) via mitochondrial and non - mitochondrial - dependent mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the availability of melanoma treatment at the primary site , the recurrence of local melanoma can metastasize to any distant organ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the available therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma are of limited benefit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the functional analysis of conventional therapies may help to improve their efficiency in the treatment of metastatic melanoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the exposure of melanoma cells to vinblastine was found to trigger apoptosis as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential , the release of both cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor , activation of caspase - 9 and 3 , and cleavage of Poly ( ADP - ribose ) - Polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , vinblastine enhances the phosphorylation of Ras homologous protein A , the accumulation of reactive oxygen species , the release of intracellular Ca ( 2 + ) , as well as the activation of apoptosis signal - regulating kinase 1 , c - jun - N - terminal kinase , p38 , inhibitor of kappaB alpha ( I kappa B alpha ) kinase , and inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 247]}, {"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [333, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , vinblastine induces the DNA - binding activities of the transcription factor NF - kappa B , HSF1 , AP - 1 , and ATF - 2 , together with the expression of HSP70 and Bax proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , inhibitory experiments addressed a central role for Rho A in the regulation of vinblastine - induced apoptosis of melanoma cells via mitochondrial and non - mitochondrial - dependent mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the present study addresses for the first time a central role for Rho A in the modulation of vinblastine - induced apoptosis of melanoma cells and thereby provides an insight into the molecular action of vinblastine in melanoma treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression profiling of three different stressors in the water flea Daphnia magna .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microarrays are an ideal tool to screen for differences in gene expression of thousands of genes simultaneously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , often commercial arrays are not available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we performed microarray analyses to evaluate patterns of gene transcription following exposure to two natural and one anthropogenic stressor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cDNA microarrays compiled of three life stage specific and three stressor - specific EST libraries , yielding 1734 different EST sequences , were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We exposed juveniles of the water flea Daphnia magna for 48 , 96 and 144 h to three stressors known to exert strong selection in natural populations of this species i . e . a sublethal concentration of the pesticide carbaryl , infective spores of the endoparasite Pasteuria ramosa , and fish predation risk mimicked by exposure to fish kairomones .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 148 gene fragments were differentially expressed compared to the control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on a PCA , the exposure treatments were separated into two main groups based on the extent of the transcriptional response : a low and a high ( 144 h of fish or carbaryl exposure and 96 h of parasite exposure ) stress group .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Firstly , we observed a general stress - related transcriptional expression profile independent of the treatment characterized by repression of transcripts involved in transcription , translation , signal transduction and energy metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly , we observed treatment - specific responses including signs of migration to deeper water layers in response to fish predation , structural challenge of the cuticle in response to carbaryl exposure , and disturbance of the ATP production in parasite exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A third important conclusion is that transcription expression patterns exhibit stress - specific changes over time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parasite exposure shows the most differentially expressed gene fragments after 96 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peak of differentially expressed transcripts came only after 144 h of fish exposure , while carbaryl exposure induced a more stable number of differently expressed gene fragments over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbaryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - Property Investigations of Substituted Triarylamines and Their Applications as Fluorescent pH Sensors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triarylamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen triphenylamine derivatives functionalized with fluorophenyl , methoxyphenyl , and pyridinyl groups as respective donors and acceptors were synthesized and characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "triphenylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "fluorophenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "methoxyphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "pyridinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their photophysical properties were systematically investigated in various solvents with different polarities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solvent - dependent Stokes shifts of these compounds were observed and analyzed by the Lippert - Mataga equation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesized compounds , especially tris ( 4 - ( pyridin - 4 - yl ) phenyl ) amine , presented pH - dependent absorptions and emissions , indicating that these compounds might be used as pH sensors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tris ( 4 - ( pyridin - 4 - yl ) phenyl ) amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twisted Signatures of GC - Biased Gene Conversion Embedded in an Evolutionary Stable Karyotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genomes of many vertebrates show a characteristic heterogeneous distribution of GC content , the so - called GC isochore structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The origin of isochores has been explained via the mechanism of GC - biased gene conversion ( gBGC ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , although the isochore structure is declining in many mammalian genomes , the heterogeneity in GC content is being reinforced in the avian genome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this discrepancy , which remains unexplained , examinations of individual substitution frequencies in mammals and birds are both consistent with the gBGC model of isochore evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , a negative correlation between substitution and recombination rate found in the chicken genome is inconsistent with the gBGC model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It should therefore be important to consider along with gBGC other consequences of recombination on the origin and fate of mutations , as well as to account for relationships between recombination rate and other genomic features .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore developed an analytical model to describe the substitution patterns found in the chicken genome , and further investigated the relationships between substitution patterns and several genomic features in a rigorous statistical framework .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis indicates that GC content itself , either directly or indirectly via interrelations to other genomic features , has an impact on the substitution pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we suggest that this phenomenon is particularly visible in avian genomes due to their unusually low rate of chromosomal evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of this , interrelations between GC content and other genomic features are being reinforced , and are as such more pronounced in avian genomes as compared with other vertebrate genomes with a less stable karyotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combinatorial Treatment of Tart Cherry Extract and Essential Fatty Acids Reduces Cognitive Impairments and Inflammation in the mu - p75 Saporin - Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer ' s Disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty Acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than five million Americans and is characterized by a progressive loss of memory , loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain , formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles , and an increase in oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies indicate that dietary supplements of antioxidants and omega - 3 and omega - 6 fatty acids may reduce the cognitive deficits in AD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 and omega - 6 fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study tested a combinatorial treatment of antioxidants from tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids from Nordic fish and emu oils for reducing cognitive deficits in the mu - p75 saporin ( SAP ) - induced mouse model of AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were given daily gavage treatments of Cerise ( (R) ) Total - Body - Rhythm (TM) ( TBR ; containing tart cherry extract , Nordic fish oil , and refined emu oil ) or vehicle ( methylcellulose ) for 2 weeks before intracerebroventricular injections of the cholinergic toxin , mu - p75 SAP , or phosphate - buffered saline .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [296, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TBR treatments continued for an additional 17 days , when the mice were tested on a battery of cognitive and motor tasks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that TBR decreased the SAP - induced cognitive deficits assessed by the object - recognition , place - recognition , and Morris - water - maze tasks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination of the brain tissue indicated that TBR protected against SAP - induced inflammatory response and loss of cholinergic neurons in the area around the medial septum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that TBR has the potential to serve as an adjunctive treatment which may help reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in disorders involving cholinergic deficits , such as AD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zhizhu decoction promotes gastric emptying and protects the gastric mucosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Zhizhu decoction on gastric emptying and gastric mucosal protection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Zhizhu decoction is composed of Aurantii fructus and Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that oral administration of the Zhizhu decoction accelerated gastric emptying in mouse and protected gastric mucosa from ethanol - induced ulcers in rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our investigations demonstrated that the Zhizhu decoction accelerated gastric emptying , at least in part , by activating the muscarinic and 5 - HT3 receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gastroprotective effect is involved in its antioxidant effects and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunomodulation effect of aronia extract lacks association with its antioxidant anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Polyphenols comprise a diverse group of molecules with antioxidative and anti - inflammatory activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To compare the antioxidative and anti - inflammatory capacity of Aronia melanocarpa berries ( chokeberries ) , recognized for their high content of anthocyanins , a noncytotoxic isolation method was developed to obtain high - purity anthocyanins in the extract .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidative activity of the extract , the anthocyanin - rich fraction ( AF ) was determined by 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric - reducing ability of plasma along with resveratrol as a reference .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 138]}, {"entity": "ferric", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunomodulation properties were assessed in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) - stimulated human monocytes mono mac 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isolated AF , containing six different anthocyanins , exhibited a stronger antioxidative capacity compared to resveratrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resveratrol enhanced tumor necrosis factor - alpha and reduced interleukin - 10 ( IL - 10 ) production by LPS , whereas AF only had a slight effect in reducing IL - 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrated that there was no major relationship between the antioxidative effect and immunomodulation capacities of AF and resveratrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "resveratrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The immunomodulatory activity of the extract is associated with bioactive compounds in Aronia other than its anthocyanins .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthocyanins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel sulfonamide compounds for inhibition of metastatic tumor growth ( WO2012021963 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel ureido - sulfonamides was prepared by reaction of aminobenzenesulfonamide with alkyl / aryl isocyanate .", "entity": [{"entity": "ureido - sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 39]}, {"entity": "aminobenzenesulfonamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 91]}, {"entity": "alkyl / aryl isocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds are claimed for use as therapeutic agents of metastatic tumors , which are poorly responsive to classical chemotherapies and constitute a conceptually novel approach for cancer treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High glucose , insulin and free fatty acid concentrations synergistically enhance perilipin 3 expression and lipid accumulation in macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Perilipin ( PLIN ) 3 , an intracellular lipid droplet ( LD ) - associated protein , is implicated in foam cell formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since metabolic derangements found in metabolic syndrome , such as high serum levels of glucose , insulin and free fatty acids ( FFAs ) , are major risk factors promoting atherosclerosis , we investigated whether PLIN3 expression is affected by glucose , insulin and oleic acid ( OA ) using RAW264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "FFAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 252]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Real - time PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect PLIN3 or PLIN2 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oil - red O staining and Lipid Analysis were employed to measure cellular content of triacylglycerides ( TAG ) and cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oil - red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "triacylglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 102]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : PLIN3 mRNA was stimulated by high glucose or insulin concentrations individually , but not by OA .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of any two factors did not enhance PLIN3 expression any more than that evoked by glucose alone at 24h .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , however , simultaneous addition of all three factors synergistically enhanced the PLIN3 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This synergistic effect was not apparent for PLIN2 mRNA expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitors of Src family tyrosine kinase and / or phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase , both of which are activated by insulin and FFA signaling , partially suppressed PLIN3 expression induced by the combination of the three factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "FFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While simultaneous addition of glucose , insulin and OA remarkably increased the cellular content of TAG and cholesterol , knocking - down of PLIN3 predominantly reduced TAG content .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results indicate that PLIN3 expression is synergistically stimulated by high glucose , insulin and FFA concentrations , in parallel with TAG accumulation in macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "FFA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding raises new evidence of PLIN3 involvement in conversion of macrophages into foam cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 1 ) H NMR - based metabonomic analysis of the serum and urine of rats following subchronic exposure to dichlorvos , deltamethrin , or a combination of these two pesticides .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabonomic analysis , clinical chemical analysis and histopathology were used to investigate the toxic effects of subchronic exposure to dichlorvos , deltamethrin , and a combination of these two pesticides , in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Weight loss , hind limb weakness and histopathological changes in kidney tissue were only observed in rats exposed to high doses of deltamethrin , or a combination of deltamethrin and dichlorvos .", "entity": [{"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 144]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 179]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urinary metabonomic analysis indicated that exposure to a mixture of dichlorvos and deltamethrin was followed by increases in urinary lactate , dimethylamine , N - glycoprotein ( NAC ) and glycine similar to those observed in rats treated with either dichlorvos or deltamethrin alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "dimethylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 161]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 261]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum metabonomic analysis suggests that dichlorvos induced an increase in lactate and alanine and a decrease in dimethylglycine ( DMG ) , NAC and very low - and low - density lipoprotein ( VLDL / LDL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "dimethylglycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "DMG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High levels of lactate and low levels of NAC and VLDL / LDL were observed in the deltamethrin treatment group .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treating rats with a mixture of dichlorvos and deltamethrin caused an increase in serum lactate , trimethylamine - N - oxide ( TMAO ) , choline and alanine , with the highest levels of these metabolites observed in those that received the highest dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "trimethylamine - N - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 124]}, {"entity": "TMAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 131]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to a mixture of dichlorvos and deltamethrin also resulted in a decrease in serum acetone , DMG , NAC , and VLDL / LDL .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "DMG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in serum TMAO , alanine , choline and acetone in this treatment group were higher than in rats treated with either dichlorvos or deltamethrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMAO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that exposing rats to subchronic doses of dichlorvos , deltamethrin , or a combination of these pesticides , disrupted the energy metabolism of the liver and reduced kidney function .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichlorvos", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "deltamethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of active compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L . extracts suppressing IL - 6 production in RAW 264 . 7 cells by PLS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Caesalpinia sappan L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is distributed in Southeast Asia and also used as herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as burning sensations , leprosy , dysentery , osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overproduction of IL - 6 plays an important role in the prognosis of RA , but the active compounds from the extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L . suppressing IL - 6 production remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS OF THE STUDY : Identifying the main active compounds of Caesalpinia sappan L . extracts inhibiting the IL - 6 production in LPS - stimulated RAW 264 . 7 cells by partial least squares ( PLS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Sixty - four samples with different proportions of compounds were prepared from Caesalpinia sappan L . by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction ( SCFE ) and refluxing .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of 64 samples was applied to RAW 264 . 7 cells with LPS to evaluate whether IL - 6 production by LPS is affected by addition of each sample .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IL - 6 production in medium was determined by ELISA and the inhibitory activity of each sample was analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the fingerprints of these 64 samples were also established by ultra - performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC - MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used the PLS , a simplified method , to evaluate the results from IL - 6 production and fingerprints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Each of 64 samples markedly suppressed LPS - induced IL - 6 production in RAW cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fingerprints by UPLC - MS clearly revealed variations among 64 samples produced in different extract conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PLS analysis with IL - 6 production and fingerprints by UPLC - MS suggested that the peaks 71 , 93 , 150 , 157 , 168 have more influence on the inhibitory activity of Caesalpinia sappan L . extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peaks 71 , 93 , 150 are likely representing sappanone A , protosappanin E and neoprotosappanin , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "sappanone A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "protosappanin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "neoprotosappanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peaks 157 and 168 are still at large .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This is the first report that sappanone A , protosappanin E , neoprotosappanin and two unidentified compounds can be considered as possible active compounds that might inhibit IL - 6 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "sappanone A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "protosappanin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "neoprotosappanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these five compounds on IL - 6 production and possible mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Commonly used metal and crystalline salts in South African traditional medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Traditional medicines in the form of plants , animals and / or minerals are used by millions of South Africans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is currently no data regarding the commonly used mineral elements thus the potential benefits or hazards of such products remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Metal and crystalline salts were purchased from a rural market ( Nongoma , Zululand , South Africa ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Information regarding the colloquial name , price and weight was recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Energy dispersive X - ray spectroscopy ( EDX ) was used to quantatively determine the unknown salts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Six widely available salts were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ndonya , as it is colloquially known , refers to two products which look identical to the untrained eye - one is dyed table salt and the other is hexavalent chromium .", "entity": [{"entity": "salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "hexavalent chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A further product used medicinally , although not widely available , was identified as iron chromite ore .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron chromite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The array of substances documented , ranging from benign to carcinogenic , stresses the importance of documenting components used in traditional medicine and confirms the necessity to regulate South Africa traditional medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthcare workers should be aware of the complexities of using such metal salt .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Real - time imaging and kinetics measurements of focused ultrasound - induced extravasation in skeletal muscle using SPECT / CT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs need to overcome several biological barriers such as the endothelium and cellular membranes in order to reach their target .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promising new therapeutics , many of which are charged and macromolecular , are not able to passively extravasate , let alone cross cell membranes , and stay mainly in the blood pool upon intravenous injection until clearance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using focused ultrasound ( fUS ) in combination with circulating microbubbles ( MBs ) leads to temporary localized tissue permeabilization allowing extravasation of ( macro ) molecules from the vascular system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , fUS is a promising approach for localized drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , little is known about the permeabilization kinetics in skeletal muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we used single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) to characterize the kinetics of extravasation of ( 111 ) In - labeled bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) , a model macromolecular drug , in muscle treated with fUS and MBs .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 111 ) In", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same fUS protocol was applied to 6 groups of mice with different times , increment t , between fUS application and BSA injection ( increment t = - 10 , 2 . 5 , 10 , 30 , 60 , 90min ) followed by SPECT imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For increment t <= 30min we observed an exponential accumulation of activity in an area of the treated muscle which extended to a volume larger than the fUS pattern with highest accumulation for short waiting times increment t .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of extravasation decreased exponentially with increasing increment t , with a calculated half - life of ca .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "21min , defining the time window of extravasation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same treatment without MBs did not induce extravasation of BSA thus supporting MBs and drug co - injection strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide essential information for the development of fUS based strategies for localized drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative study on transcriptional activity of 17 parabens mediated by estrogen receptor alpha and beta and androgen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure - activity relationships of parabens which are widely used as preservatives for transcriptional activities mediated by human estrogen receptor alpha ( hER alpha ) , hER beta and androgen receptor ( hAR ) were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen of 17 parabens exhibited hER alpha and / or hER beta agonistic activity at concentrations of >= 1 x 10 ( - 5 ) M , whereas none of the 17 parabens showed AR agonistic or antagonistic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among 12 parabens with linear alkyl chains ranging in length from C1 to C12 , heptylparaben ( C7 ) and pentylparaben ( C5 ) showed the most potent ER alpha and ER beta agonistic activity in the order of 10 ( - 7 ) M and 10 ( - 8 ) M , respectively , and the activities decreased in a stepwise manner as the alkyl chain was shortened to C1 or lengthened to C12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "heptylparaben", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}, {"entity": "pentylparaben", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most parabens showing estrogenic activity exhibited ER beta - agonistic activity at lower concentrations than those inducing ER alpha - agonistic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estrogenic activity of butylparaben was markedly decreased by incubation with rat liver microsomes , and the decrease of activity was blocked by a carboxylesterase inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "butylparaben", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that parabens are selective agonists for ER beta over ER alpha ; their interactions with ER alpha / beta are dependent on the size and bulkiness of the alkyl groups ; and they are metabolized by carboxylesterases , leading to attenuation of their estrogenic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "parabens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DICO , a novel nonaromatic B - ring flavonoid , induces G2 / M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DICO was a novel nonaromatic B - ring flavonoid obtained from Macrothelypteris torresiana .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work , we investigated the antitumor activity and the antineoplastic mechanism of DICO .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study showed that DICO inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in dose and time - dependent manners .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As well as DICO induced G2 / M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via a ROS - mediated mitochondrial pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot assay demonstrated that DICO decreased Bcl - 2 level and induced Bax translocation to cause cytochrome c release .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , caspase - 9 and caspase - 3 were activated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , the alterations of cyclin A and B1 , p - CDK1 and p - cdc25c levels were also observed in response to DICO treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , DICO displayed a significant antitumor effect through G2 / M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction , which suggested DICO might have therapeutic potential against tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "DICO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloroquine causes similar electroretinogram modifications , neuronal phospholipidosis and marked impairment of synaptic vesicle transport in Albino and Pigmented Rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retinal toxicity of chloroquine has been known for several years , but the mechanism ( s ) of toxicity remain controversial ; some author support the idea that the binding of chloroquine to melanin pigments in the retinal pigmented epithelium ( RPE ) play a major toxic role by concentrating the drug in the eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , 12 albinos Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) and 12 pigmented Brown Norway ( BN ) rats were treated orally for 3 months with chloroquine to compare functional and pathological findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On Flash electroretinograms ( ERG ) performed in scotopic conditions , similar and progressive ( time - dependent ) delayed onset and decreased amplitudes of oscillatory potentials ( from Day 71 ) and b - waves ( on Day 92 ) were identified in both BN and SD rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both strains , identical morphological changes consisted of neuronal phospholipidosis associated with UV auto - fluorescence without evidence of retinal degeneration and gliosis ; the RPE did not show any morphological lesions or autofluorescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IHC analyses demonstrated a decrease in GABA expression in the inner nuclear layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a marked accumulation of synaptic vesicles coupled with a marked disruption of neurofilaments in the optic nerve fibers was identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ERG observations were very similar to those described in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparable ERG modifications , histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings were observed in the retina of both rat strains suggesting that melanin pigment is unlikely involved . chloroquine - induced impairment of synaptic vesicle transport , likely related to disruption of neurofilaments was identified and non - previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This new mechanism of toxicity may also be responsible for the burry vision described in humans chronically treated with chloroquine .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thiazolidin - 4 - one and thiazinan - 4 - one derivatives analogous to rosiglitazone as potential antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiazolidin - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "thiazinan - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "rosiglitazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of thiazolidin - 4 - one and thiazinan - 4 - one derivatives were prepared by three component condensation in one pot reaction method .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidin - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "thiazinan - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These compounds were evaluated for anti - hyperglycemic activity by in vitro and in vivo assay systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compounds with thiazolidin - 4 - one and thiazinan - 4 - one moieties exhibited significant anti - hyperglycemic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidin - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "thiazinan - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few compounds ( 3a , 3b , 4a and 4b ) have exhibited both anti - hyperglycemic and anti - dyslipidemic activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them the thiazinan - 4 - one derivative 4a showed maximal ( 45 % ) improvement in oral glucose tolerance test in db / db mice at 30 mg / kg oral dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazinan - 4 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts for anticancer chemotherapy : Part II .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of novel aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects involving induction of RhoB .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these compounds , featuring open - ring forms of aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts , exhibited potent anti - proliferative activities in human cancer cell lines , including PC - 3 , NUGC - 3 , MDA - MB - 231 , ACHN , HCT - 15 , and NCI - H23 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aliphatic amido - quaternary ammonium salts", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In further evaluation , the representative compound N , N - diethyl - N - ( 2 - ( N - methyltetradecanamido ) ethyl ) prop - 2 - en - 1 - aminium bromide ( 3b ) exhibited potent pro - apoptotic activity , through RhoB activation , in HeLa cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - diethyl - N - ( 2 - ( N - methyltetradecanamido ) ethyl ) prop - 2 - en - 1 - aminium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of novel FLT3 kinase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FLT3 and PDGFR tyrosine kinases are important targets for therapy of different types of leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several FLT3 / PDGFR inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation for combination with standard therapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) , however these agents only induce partial remission and development of resistance has been reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work we describe the identification of potent and novel dual FLT3 / PDGFR inhibitors that resulted from our efforts to screen a library of 25 , 607 small molecules against the FLT3 dependent cell line MOLM - 13 and the PDGFR dependent cell line EOL - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effort led to the identification of five compounds that were confirmed to be active on additional FLT3 dependent cell lines ( cellular EC50 values between 35 and 700 nM ) , while having no significant effect on 24 other tyrosine kinases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preparation and antimalarial activity of semisynthetic lycorenine derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "lycorenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of twenty one lycorenine derivatives has been prepared from the alkaloid hippeastrine ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lycorenine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "hippeastrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The modifications performed on hippeastrine included some functional group transformations , structural simplification and preparation of dimers .", "entity": [{"entity": "hippeastrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All alkaloids were tested as potential antimalarial agents , being the hippeastrine dimers the most active compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hippeastrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transport of gabapentin by LAT1 ( SLC7A5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gabapentin is used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gabapentin has high and saturable permeability across the BBB , but no mechanistic studies underpinning this process have been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the current study was to investigate the transport of gabapentin in a model of the BBB , identify the important drug transporter ( s ) and to use mathematical modelling to quantify the processes involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A human brain endothelial cell line ( hCMEC / D3 ) was utilised as an in - vitro model of the BBB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake of radiolabeled gabapentin into cells in the presence of chemical inhibitors , siRNA or overexpressed drug transporters of interest was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "radiolabeled gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gabapentin was demonstrated to be a LAT1 substrate in brain endothelial cells ( LAT1 - process ; Km = 530 mu M and Vmax = 7039pmoles / million cells / min versus other - processes ; Km = 923 mu M and Vmax = 3656pmoles / million cells / min ) and in transfected HEK 293 LAT1 cells ( LAT1 - process ; Km = 217 mu M and Vmax = 5192pmoles / million cells / min versus otherprocesses ; Km = 1546 mu M and Vmax = 3375pmoles / million cells / min ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At physiological concentrations of gabapentin , LAT1 mediated transport was 3 or ~ 10 - fold higher than the other transport processes in the two systems , respectively , demonstrating clear selectivity for gabapentin .", "entity": [{"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - silico structural homology modelling confirmed that LAT1 could have the LeuT conserved fold and functions by the alternative access mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mathematical modelling of this mechanism revealed revised significance of Vmax and Km so that a low Km may not necessarily imply a high affinity transport process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gabapentin was negative for OCT like transport and LAT2 activity in the hCMEC / D3 and OCT1 transfected cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data shows that gabapentin is a substrate for the influx transporter LAT1 at therapeutic concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "gabapentin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single - photon sources : non - blinking single - photon generation with anisotropic colloidal nanocrystals : towards room - temperature , efficient , colloidal quantum sources ( adv . Mater . 14 / 2013 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - quality core / shell CdSe / CdS colloidal nanocrystals are demonstrated to be efficient sources of non - classical light .", "entity": [{"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As shown by Ferruccio Pisanello and co - workers on page 1974 , the intrinsic anisotropy of these nanoparticles allows an independent tuning of shell length and thickness , resulting in a full control of photon statistics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be exploited to obtain non - blinking , room - temperature single - photon generation , thus bringing colloidal nanocrystals one step closer to non - classical light sources for quantum applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Light - Emitting Field - Effect Transistors Having Combined Organic Semiconductor and Metal Oxide Layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metal Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new organic light - emitting field - effect transistor characterized by a metal oxide layer inserted between the organic layer and the gate insulator is proposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metal oxide is indirectly connected with source and drain electrodes through the organic layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon increasing the potential difference between the source and drain electrodes , the emission becomes exceedingly strong and the emission region encompasses the whole channel zone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patterned Growth of Crystalline Organic Heterostructures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic droplet epitaxy is presented as a method for growing nanopatterned crystalline heterostructures , thanks to the transport of molecules of an amorphous first - layer on top of a crystalline second - layer , where they form an epitaxial interface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such heterostructures may be transferred to any substrates , raising particular interest for applications ( e . g . , for organic photovoltaics ) , where crystallinity and nanopatterning constitute well recognized advantages .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased consumption of sweet fluids in mu opioid receptor knockout mice : a microstructural analysis of licking behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Evidence suggests that the palatability of food ( i . e . , the hedonic impact produced by its sensory features ) can promote feeding and may underlie compulsive eating , leading to obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological studies implicate opioid transmission in the hedonic control of feeding , though these studies often rely on agents lacking specificity for particular opioid receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Here , we investigated the role of mu opioid receptors ( MORs ) specifically in determining hedonic responses to palatable sweet stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : In Experiment 1 , licking microstructure when consuming sucrose solution ( 2 to 20 % ) was compared in MOR knockout and wildtype mice as a function of sucrose concentration and level of food deprivation .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Experiment 2 , a similar examination was conducted using the palatable but calorie - free stimulus sucralose ( 0 . 001 to 1 % ) , allowing study of licking behavior independent of homeostatic variables .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucralose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In Experiment 1 , MOR knockout mice exhibited several alterations in sucrose licking .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although wildtype mice exhibited a twofold increase in the burst length when food deprived , relative to the nondeprived test , this aspect of sucrose licking was generally insensitive to manipulations of food deprivation for MOR knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , during concentration testing , their rate of sucrose licking was less than half that of wildtype mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During sucralose testing ( Experiment 2 ) , MOR knockout mice licked at approximately half the wildtype rate , providing more direct evidence that MOR knockout mice were impaired in processing stimulus palatability .", "entity": [{"entity": "sucralose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that transmission through MORs mediates hedonic responses to palatable stimuli , and therefore likely contributes to normal and pathological eating .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - classical Pharmacology of the Dopamine Transporter : Atypical Inhibitors , Allosteric Modulators and Partial Substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dopamine transporter ( DAT ) is a sodium - coupled symporter protein responsible for modulating the concentration of extraneuronal dopamine in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DAT is a principle target of various psychostimulant , nootropic and antidepressant drugs , as well as certain drugs used recreationally , including the notoriously addictive stimulant cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DAT ligands have traditionally been divided into two categories : cocaine - like inhibitors and amphetamine - like substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whereas inhibitors block monoamine uptake by the DAT , but are not translocated across the membrane , substrates are actively translocated and trigger DAT - mediated release of dopamine by reversal of the translocation cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As both inhibitors and substrates increase extraneuronal dopamine levels , it is often assumed that all DAT ligands posses an addictive liability equivalent to cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the recent development of novel ' atypical ' inhibitors and ' partial substrate ' ligands with reduced or even a complete lack of cocaine - like rewarding effects suggests that addictiveness is not a constant property of DAT - affecting compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These atypical ligands do not conform to the classical preconception that all DAT inhibitors ( or substrates ) are functionally and mechanistically alike .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , they suggest the possibility that the DAT exhibits some of the ligand - specific ' pleiotropic ' functional qualities inherent to G - protein - coupled receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That is , ligands with different chemical structures induce specific conformational changes in the transporter protein , which can be differentially transduced by the cell , ultimately eliciting unique behavioral and psychical effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present overview discusses compounds with conformation - specific activity , useful not only as tools for studying the mechanics of dopamine transport , but also as leads for medication development in addictive disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Identification and Characterization of an Essential Pyruvate Transporter from Trypanosoma brucei .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyruvate export is an essential physiological process for the bloodstream form of T . brucei as the parasite would otherwise accumulate this end product of glucose metabolism to toxic levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the studies reported here genetic complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been employed to identify a gene ( TbPT0 ) that encodes this vital pyruvate transporter from T . brucei .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of TbPT0 in S . cerevisiae reveals that TbPT0 is a high affinity pyruvate transporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TbPT0 belongs to a clustered multigene family consisting of five members , whose expression is up - regulated in the bloodstream form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , TbPT family permeases are related to polytopic proteins from plants but not to characterized monocarboxylate transporters from mammals .", "entity": [{"entity": "monocarboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , inhibition of the TbPT gene family expression in bloodstream parasites by RNAi is lethal , confirming the physiological relevance of these transporters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery of TbPT0 reveals for the first time the identity of the essential pyruvate transporter and provides a potential drug target against the mammalian life cycle stage of T . brucei .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA repair and cytotoxic drugs : the potential role of RAD51 in clinical outcome of non - small - cell lung cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of the cytotoxic drugs used in the treatment of non - small - cell lung carcinoma patients can interfere with DNA activity and the definition of an individual DNA repair profile could be a key strategy to achieve better response to chemotherapeutic treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although DNA repair mechanisms are important factors in the prevention of carcinogenesis , these molecular pathways are also involved in therapy response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAD51 is a crucial element in DNA repair by homologous recombination and has been shown to interfere with the prognosis of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing evidence that genetic polymorphisms in repair enzymes can influence DNA repair capacity and , consequently , affect chemotherapy efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted this review to show the possible influence of the RAD51 genetic variants in damage repair capacity and treatment response in non - small - cell lung carcinoma patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular Signal - Regulated Kinases ( ERK ) Inhibitors from Aristolochia yunnanensis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six new sesquiterpenoids , aristoyunnolins A - F ( 1 - 6 ) , an artifact of isolation [ 7 - O - ethyl madolin W ( 7 ) ] , and 12 known analogues were isolated from stems of Aristolochia yunnanensis .", "entity": [{"entity": "sesquiterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "aristoyunnolins A - F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "7 - O - ethyl madolin W", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures were determined by combined chemical and spectral methods , and the absolute configurations of compounds 2 , 3 , 5 - 7 , 9 , 14 , and 17 were determined by the modified Mosher ' s method and CD analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 - 19 were screened using a bioassay system designed to evaluate the effect on mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) signaling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among three MAPKs ( ERK1 / 2 , JNK , and p38 ) , compounds 1 , 4 , 10 - 13 , 16 , 18 , and 19 exhibited selective inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 16 and 19 were more active than the positive control PD98059 , a known inhibitor of the ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD98059", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different levels of prenatal zinc and selenium had different effects on neonatal neurobehavioral development .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Either deficient or excessive of essential nutrients had adverse effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of different levels of prenatal zinc ( Zn ) and selenium ( Se ) on fetal neurobehavioral development remain unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the effects of different cord serum levels of Zn and Se on neurobehavioral development in neonates and to explore possible threshold level of Zn and Se based on fetal neurodevelopment , we conducted this epidemiological research .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 157]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the multi - center study , we investigated these questions in 927 mother - newborn pairs in Shanghai , China , from 2008 through 2009 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Umbilical cord serum concentrations of Zn and Se were measured and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment ( NBNA ) tests were conducted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median cord serum Zn and Se concentrations were 794 . 3 mu g / L and 63 . 1 mu g / L , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nonlinear relationship was observed between cord serum Zn and NBNA after adjusting for potential confounders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NBNA score decreased with increasing Zn levels after 794 . 3 mu g / L ( adjusted beta = - 3 . 0 , 95 % CI : - 3 . 6 to - 2 . 4 , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , an invert U - shape with a threshold Se of 100 mu g / L was observed between cord serum Se and NBNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adjusted regression coefficient was 4 . 4 ( 95 % CI : 3 . 6 - 5 . 2 , p < 0 . 001 ) for Se < 100 mu g / L while - 3 . 6 ( 95 % CI : - 6 . 1 to - 1 . 1 , p < 0 . 01 ) for Se >= 100 mu g / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 927 infants , 50 % had a high level Zn ( >= 794 . 3 mu g / L ) and 8 . 6 % had a high level Se ( >= 100 mu g / L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High levels of both Zn and Se mainly had adverse effects on behavior and passive tone ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , our study suggested that a threshold of cord blood Zn and Se was existed for fetal neurodevelopment and the prevalence of excessive Zn was high .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the supplementation of Zn during pregnancy should be considered with caution in Shanghai , China .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substituted imidazopyridazines are potent and selective inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum calcium - dependent protein kinase 1 ( PfCDPK1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazopyridazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of imidazopyridazines which are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum calcium - dependent protein kinase 1 ( PfCDPK1 ) was identified from a high - throughput screen against the isolated enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazopyridazines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent exploration of the SAR and optimisation has yielded leading members which show promising in vitro anti - parasite activity along with good in vitro ADME and selectivity against human kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial in vivo testing has revealed good oral bioavailability in a mouse PK study and modest in vivo efficacy in a Plasmodium berghei mouse model of malaria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and evaluation of novel solid nanodispersion system for oral delivery of poorly water - soluble drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a novel drug solubilization platform ( so - called solid nanodispersion ) prepared by a simple co - grinding and solvent - free process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using structurally diverse model compounds from the Pfizer drug library , including ingliforib , furosemide and celecoxib , we successfully prepared stable solid nanodispersions ( SNDs ) without the use of solvent or heat .", "entity": [{"entity": "ingliforib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable colloidal particles ( < 350nm ) containing drug , polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ) K12 and sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS ) in 1 : 2 . 75 : 0 . 25 ratio were produced after 2h of co - grinding .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyvinylpyrrolidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "( PVP ) K12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The composition and particle size of SNDs were optimized by varying the grinding media size , powder - to - grinding media ratio , milling speed and milling time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting formulations contained crystalline drug and were stable at room temperature for over one month .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater than 80 % of the drug was released from the SND in less than 30min , with sustained supersaturation over 4h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using furosemide ( BCS class IV compound ) as a model compound , we conducted transport studies with Madin - Darby canine kidney cells transfected with human MDR1 gene ( MDCK / MDR1 ) , followed by pharmacokinetics studies in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that the SND formulation enhanced the absorptive flux of furosemide by more than 3 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the pharmacokinetics studies , the SND formulation increased Cmax and AUC of furosemide by 36 . 6 and 43 . 2 fold respectively , relative to Methocel formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , physical mixture containing furosemide , PVP K12 and SDS produced a similar level of oral exposure as the SNDs , albeit with a longer Tmax than the SND formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "PVP K12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that PVP K12 and SDS were able to increase the furosemide free fraction available for oral absorption .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVP K12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low solubility , poor permeability , and high first - pass effect of furosemide may also have produced the effect that small improvements in solubilization resulted in significant potentiation of the oral exposure of the physical mixture .", "entity": [{"entity": "furosemide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However the use of a physical mixture of drug , polymer and surfactant , to increase drug bioavailability cannot be generalized to all drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are only a few reported cases of such phenomenon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While SNDs may not be the only option to solubilize compounds in every case , SNDs are expected to be applicable to a broader chemical space of pharmaceutical compounds compared to a physical mixture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultimately , formulation scientists have to exercise judgment in choosing the appropriate formulation strategy for the compound of interest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SNDs represent a significant improvement over current enabling technologies such as nanocrystal and spray - dried dispersion technologies , in that SNDs are simple , do not require solvent or heat , are applicable to a structurally diverse chemical space , and are amenable to the development of solid dosage forms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo and in vitro anti - inflammatory potential of pentahydroxy - pregn - 14 - ol , 20 - one - beta - d - thevetopyranoside in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentahydroxy - pregn - 14 - ol , 20 - one - beta - d - thevetopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyhydroxy pregnane glycoside ( PPG ) , a steroidal glycoside was isolated from Wattakaka volubilis Linn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyhydroxy pregnane glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "steroidal glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Stap . f . ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPG was evaluated for in vivo and in vitro anti - inflammatory activity using acute inflammation and chronic model of inflammation in rats and LPS - induced RAW 264 . 7 macrophage cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPG seemed to be responsible for the anti - inflammatory activity in the studied models .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPG at dose level of both 5 and 10mg / kg significantly reduced the edema induced by the carrageenan in acute model of inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also showed significant anti - proliferative effect ( dry pellet weight basis ) in chronic model of inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cellular content of granuloma was measured by assaying activity of N - acetyl glucosaminidase ( NAG ) and total nucleic acid content .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPG at 5 and 10mg / kg significantly suppressed the cellular infiltration measured by total nucleic acid content .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , NAG activity decreased over a period of 10 days resulting in inhibition of granuloma weight gain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPG had a more effective response than the reference drug diclofenac sodium in both the models of inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "diclofenac sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wattakaka volubilis steroidal glycoside mixture ( WVSM ) and PPG ( 1 - 50 mu M ) significantly inhibited the COX - 2 and iNOS enzymes resulting in low levels of PGE2 and NO in LPS - induced RAW 264 . 7 macrophage cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroidal glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence the study supports the traditional use of Wattakaka volubilis and its constituent PPG in treatment of inflammatory disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA repair activity in fish and interest in ecotoxicology : A review .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The knowledge of DNA repair in a target species is of first importance as it is the primary line of defense against genotoxicants , and a better knowledge of DNA repair capacity in fish could help to interpret genotoxicity data and / or assist in the choice of target species , developmental stage and tissues to focus on , both for environmental biomonitoring studies and DNA repair testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses in a first part on what is presently known on a mechanistic basis , about the various DNA repair systems in fish , in vivo and in established cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data on base excision repair ( BER ) , direct reversal with O ( 6 ) - alkylguanine transferase and double strand breaks repair , although rather scarce , are being reviewed , as well as nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) and photoreactivation repair ( PER ) , which are by far the most studied repair mechanisms in fish .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 6 ) - alkylguanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of these repair mechanisms seem to be strongly species and tissue dependent ; they also depend on the developmental stage of the organisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BER is efficient in vivo , although no data has been found on in vitro models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NER activity is quite low or even inexistent depending on the studies ; however this lack is partly compensated by a strong PER activity , especially in early developmental stage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second part , a survey of the ecotoxicological studies integrating DNA repair as a parameter responding to single or mixture of contaminant is realized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three main approaches are being used : the measurement of DNA repair gene expression after exposure , although it has not yet been clearly established whether gene expression is indicative of repair capacity ; the monitoring of DNA damage removal by following DNA repair kinetics ; and the modulation of DNA repair activity following exposure in situ , in order to assess the impact of exposure history on DNA repair capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since all DNA repair processes are possible targets for environmental pollutants , we can also wonder at which extent such a modulation of repair capacities in fish could be the base for the development of new biomarkers of genotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowing the importance of the germ cell DNA integrity in the reproductive success of aquatic organisms , the DNA repair capacity of such cells deserve to be more studied , as well as DNA repair capacities of established fish cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limited amount of available data , which shows low / slow DNA repair capacities of fish cell lines compared with mammalian cell lines , concerned mainly the NER system ; thus this point merits to be explored more deeply .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , since some of the DNA repair systems appear more efficient in embryo larval stages , it would be of interest to consider embryonic cell lineages more closely .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Ras - GTPase activity of neurofibromin restrains ERK - dependent FGFR signaling during endochondral bone formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The severe defects in growth plate development caused by chondrocyte extracellular signal - regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ( ERK1 / 2 ) gain or loss - of - function suggest that tight spatial and temporal regulation of mitogen - activated protein kinase signaling is necessary to achieve harmonious growth plate elongation and structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We provide here evidence that neurofibromin , via its Ras guanosine triphosphatase - activating activity , controls ERK1 / 2 - dependent fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR ) signaling in chondrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show first that neurofibromin is expressed in FGFR - positive prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during growth plate endochondral ossification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using mice lacking neurofibromin 1 ( Nf1 ) in type II collagen - expressing cells , ( Nf1col2 ( - / - ) mutant mice ) , we then show that lack of neurofibromin in post - mitotic chondrocytes triggers a number of phenotypes reminiscent of the ones observed in mice characterized by FGFR gain - of - function mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those include dwarfism , constitutive ERK1 / 2 activation , strongly reduced Ihh expression and decreased chondrocyte proliferation and maturation , increased chondrocytic expression of Rankl , matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( Mmp9 ) and Mmp13 and enhanced growth plate osteoclastogenesis , as well as increased sensitivity to caspase - 9 mediated apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using wildtype ( WT ) and Nf1 ( - / - ) chondrocyte cultures in vitro , we show that FGF2 pulse - stimulation triggers rapid ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation in both genotypes , but that return to the basal level is delayed in Nf1 ( - / - ) chondrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , in vivo ERK1 / 2 inhibition by daily injection of a recombinant form of C - type natriuretic peptide to post - natal pups for 18 days was able to correct the short stature of Nf1col2 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these results underscore the requirement of neurofibromin and ERK1 / 2 for normal endochondral bone formation and support the notion that neurofibromin , by restraining RAS - ERK1 / 2 signaling , is a negative regulator of FGFR signaling in differentiating chondrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereoselective Glucuronidation of Ornidazole in Humans : Predominant Contribution of UDP - Glucuronosyltransferases 1A9 and 2B7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ornidazole [ R , S - 1 - chloro - 3 - ( 2 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 1H - imidazol - 1 - yl ) propan - 2 - ol ] is a chiral 5 - nitroimidazole class antimicrobial agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "R , S - 1 - chloro - 3 - ( 2 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 1H - imidazol - 1 - yl ) propan - 2 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 105]}, {"entity": "5 - nitroimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to investigate the principal metabolic pathway of ornidazole in humans and identify the major enzymes involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 19 metabolites were identified in human urine collected from patients with hepatobiliary diseases after an intravenous drip infusion of 500 mg of racemic ornidazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "racemic ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereoselective glucuronidation , followed by renal excretion , was the principal metabolic pathway of ornidazole in humans , accounting for 37 . 3 % of the administered dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening assays with 12 available human recombinant UDP - glucuronosyltransferases ( UGTs ) demonstrated that UGT1A9 was the predominant UGT isoform involved in R - ornidazole glucuronidation , whereas S - ornidazole glucuronidation was almost exclusively catalyzed by UGT2B7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "UDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "R - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "S - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical inhibition study with niflumic acid and flurbiprofen supported these findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "niflumic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "flurbiprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enzyme kinetic parameters were then determined in human liver microsomes ( HLMs ) , human kidney microsomes ( HKMs ) , UGT1A9 and 2B7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Km values for UGT1A9 ( 15 . 6 +/- 1 . 6 mM for R - ornidazole ) and 2B7 ( 3 . 8 +/- 0 . 9 mM for S - ornidazole ) were quite similar to those determined in HLMs and HKMs ( 20 . 1 +/- 1 . 4 and 17 . 7 +/- 4 . 0 mM for R - ornidazole ; 6 . 6 +/- 1 . 3 and 3 . 2 +/- 0 . 4 mM for S - ornidazole ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "R - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "S - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "R - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 235]}, {"entity": "S - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vitro intrinsic clearance ( CLint ) ratios of S - and R - ornidazole were approximately 4 . 3 in HLMs and 6 . 5 in HKMs , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - and R - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatic and renal clearances were estimated based on the well - stirred model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , stereoselective glucuronidation was the principal metabolic pathway of ornidazole in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , UGT1A9 and 2B7 were the predominant UGT isoforms responsible for R - and S - ornidazole glucuronidation in humans , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "R - and S - ornidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion Mobility Spectrometry - Mass Spectrometry Analysis for the Site of Aromatic Hydroxylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxylated metabolites often retain the pharmacological activity of parent compound , and the position of hydroxylation determines the formation of chemically reactive intermediates such as quinones and analogues from para - and / or ortho - hydroxylation of phenols or arylamines .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 268]}, {"entity": "arylamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the identification of exact position of hydroxylation is often required at the early development stage of new drug candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many cases , liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry ( LC - MS / MS ) provides identical MS / MS spectra among isomeric hydroxylated metabolites , and therefore , it alone cannot unequivocally identify the exact position ( s ) of hydroxylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ion mobility spectrometry ( IMS ) , integrated with LC - MS / MS , recently demonstrates the capability of separating isomeric species based on differences in their drift times from IMS , which are linearly proportional to the collision cross - section ( CCS ) reflecting physical size and shape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , a chemical derivatization of isomeric hydroxylated metabolites with 2 - fluoro - N - methyl pyridinium p - toluenesulfonate was found to confer distinct theoretical CCS value on each isomer by forming corresponding N - methyl pyridine ( NMP ) derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - fluoro - N - methyl pyridinium p - toluenesulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 146]}, {"entity": "N - methyl pyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 257]}, {"entity": "NMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The regression lines established by the comparison between theoretical CCS values and observed drift times from IMS for each set of parent compound ( labetalol , ezetimibe , atorvastatin and warfarin ) and its MS / MS product ions accurately and selectively projected the actual drift times of NMP derivatives of corresponding aromatic or isomeric hydroxylated metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "labetalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 159]}, {"entity": "ezetimibe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "atorvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 186]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}, {"entity": "NMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The established method was used for the accurate assignment of predominant formation of 2 - hydroxylated metabolite from imipramine in NADPH - fortified human liver microsomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 131]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present application expands the versatility of LC - IMS - MS technique to the structure identification of isomeric hydroxylated metabolites at the early stage for drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacovigilance Using Clinical Notes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With increasing adoption of electronic health records ( EHRs ) , there is an opportunity to use the free - text portion of EHRs for pharmacovigilance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present novel methods that annotate the unstructured clinical notes and transform them into a deidentified patient - feature matrix encoded using medical terminologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate the use of the resulting high - throughput data for detecting drug - adverse event associations and adverse events associated with drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that these methods flag adverse events early ( in most cases before an official alert ) , allow filtering of spurious signals by adjusting for potential confounding , and compile prevalence information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We argue that analyzing large volumes of free - text clinical notes enables drug safety surveillance using a yet untapped data source .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such data mining can be used for hypothesis generation and for rapid analysis of suspected adverse event risk . Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ( 2013 ) ; advance online publication 10 April 2013 . doi : 10 . 1038 / clpt . 2013 . 47 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuation of erythrocytic actylcholinesterase by antidepressants : Evidence in an in vitro experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study was aimed to scrutinize acetylcholinesterase ( AchE ) inhibitory profile of two antidepressants , diazepam and phenobarbitone .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "phenobarbitone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental designed was based on Michaelis - Menten parameters ( apparent Michaelis constant ( aKm ) and apparent maximum velocity ( aVm ) ) that estimate inhibition ( % ) as well as the type of inhibition ( mechanism ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed marked inhibition of AchE by diazepam and the values of aKm and aVm were 65 . 5 % and 52 . 63 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values suggested a competitive type of antagonism for diazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar trend of antagonism was shown by phenobarbitone when it was subjected to the challenge of AchE with aKm and aVm values of 51 . 99 % and 71 . 80 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbitone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that diazepam and phenobarbitone exhibited prominent AchE attenuation apart from their well - established antidepressant activity , which could be more useful in related diseased conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "phenobarbitone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Role for Cargo in the Activation of ADP - Ribosylation Factors ( Arf ) and Adaptor Recruitment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Membrane traffic requires the specific concentration of protein cargos and exclusion of other proteins into nascent carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Critical components of this selectivity are the protein adaptors that bind to short , linear motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane protein cargos and sequester them into nascent carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recruitment of the adaptors is mediated by activated Arf GTPases and the Arf - adaptor complexes mark sites of carrier formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the nature of the signal ( s ) that initiate carrier biogenesis remains unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the specificity and initial sites of recruitment of Arf - dependent adaptors ( AP - 1 and GGAs ) in response to the Golgi or endosomal localization of specific cargo proteins ( furin , mannose - 6 - phosphate receptor ( M6PR ) and M6PR lacking a C - terminal domain M6PR Delta C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 220]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that cargo promotes the recruitment of specific adaptors , suggesting that it is part of an upstream signaling event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cargos do not promote adaptor recruitment to all compartments in which they reside and thus additional factors regulate the cargo ' s ability to promote Arf activation and adaptor recruitment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We document that within a given compartment different cargos recruit different adaptors suggesting that there is little or no free , activated Arf at the membrane and that Arf activation is spatially and temporally coupled to the cargo and the adaptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using temperature block , Brefeldin A , and recovery from each , we found that the cytoplasmic tail of M6PR causes the recruitment of AP - 1 and GGAs to recycling endosomes and not at the Golgi , as predicted by steady state staining profiles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brefeldin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are discussed with respect to the generation of novel models for cargo - dependent regulation of membrane traffic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelation - induced visible supramolecular chiral recognition by fluorescent metal complexes of quinolinol - glutamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinolinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "glutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three metal complexes consisting of Li ( + ) , Zn ( 2 + ) , and Al ( 3 + ) and quinolinol - functionalized l - glutamides ( HQLG ) , ( abbreviated as LiHQLG , Zn ( HQLG ) 2 , and Al ( HQLG ) 3 ) were found to form fluorescent metallogels in several organic solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Zn ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Al ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "quinolinol - functionalized l - glutamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 121]}, {"entity": "HQLG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}, {"entity": "LiHQLG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 156]}, {"entity": "Zn ( HQLG ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 172]}, {"entity": "Al ( HQLG ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In solution , these chiral complexes showed neither any CD signal in the chromophore region nor chiral recognition of the chiral species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , upon gel formation , the supramolecular chirality emerged because of the self - assembled nanostructures , which provided an opportunity for the chiral recognition of enantiomeric ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metallogels showed different fluorescence changes when they met with enantiomeric ( R , R ) - or ( S , S ) - 1 , 2 - diaminocyclohexane .", "entity": [{"entity": "( R , R ) - or ( S , S ) - 1 , 2 - diaminocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among them , the Al ( HQLG ) 3 metallogels did not show any change whereas the LiHQLG gels exhibited the same decrease in fluorescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al ( HQLG ) 3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "LiHQLG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the Zn ( HQLG ) 2 gels showed obviously different fluorescent color with respect to ( R , R ) - and ( S , S ) - 1 , 2 - diaminocyclohexane , thus providing visible chiral recognition via the naked eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zn ( HQLG ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "( R , R ) - and ( S , S ) - 1 , 2 - diaminocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such different recognition ability was discussed on the basis of the assembled chiral nanostructures and the primary molecular structures of the metal complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was shown that both of them played important roles in chiral recognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JNK inhibitors as anti - inflammatory and neuroprotective agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "JNK is involved in a broad range of physiological processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases , such as multiple sclerosis , Alzheimer ' s and Parkinson ' s disease have been linked with the dysregulated JNK pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Research on disease models using the relevant knockout mice has highlighted the importance of specific JNK isoformsin - particular disorders and has stimulated further efforts in the drug - discovery area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , most of the experimental evidence for the efficacy of JNK inhibition in animal models is from studies using JNK inhibitors , which are not isoform selective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the more recent compounds exhibit good oral bioavailability , CNS penetration and selectivity against the rest of the kinome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efforts to design isoform - selective inhibitors have produced a number of examples with various selectivity profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article presents recent progress in this area and comment on the role of isoform selectivity for efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of 17 alpha - ethynylestradiol - induced cholestasis on the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in rats : reduced biliary excretion and hepatic metabolism of doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 alpha - ethynylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 38]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the prevalent hormonal combination therapy with estrogen analogues in cancer patients has frequency and possibility to induce the cholestasis , the frequent combination therapy with 17 alpha - ethynylestradiol ( EE , an oral contraceptive ) and doxorubicin ( an anticancer drug ) might be monitored in aspect of efficacy and safety .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "17 alpha - ethynylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 215]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin is mainly excreted into the bile via P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) and multidrug resistance - associated protein 2 ( Mrp2 ) in hepatobiliary route and metabolized via cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 3A subfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also the hepatic Mrp2 ( not P - gp ) and CYP3A subfamily levels were reduced in EE - induced cholestatic ( EEC ) rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we herein report the pharmacokinetic changes of doxorubicin with respect to the changes in its biliary excretion and hepatic metabolism in EEC rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin after intravenous administration of its hydrochloride was conducted along with the investigation of bile flow rate and hepatobiliary excretion of doxorubicin in control and EEC rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significantly greater AUC ( 58 . 7 % increase ) of doxorubicin in EEC rats was due to the slower CL ( 32 . 9 % decrease ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The slower CL was due to the reduction of hepatic biliary excretion ( 67 . 0 % decrease ) and hepatic CYP3A subfamily - mediated metabolism ( 21 . 9 % decrease ) of doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results might have broader implications to understand the altered pharmacokinetics and / or pharmacologic effects of doxorubicin via biliary excretion and hepatic metabolism in experimental and clinical estrogen - induced cholestasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidation of CO by Nickel Oxide Clusters Revealed by Post Heating .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "Nickel Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactions of nickel oxide cluster ions , NinOn + x ( + ) ( n = 4 - 10 , x = - 1 ~ + 3 ) , with CO in a He buffer gas were investigated using mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "nickel oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "NinOn + x ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "He", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the cluster ions react at room temperature , a CO molecule tends to attach readily to NinOn + x ( + ) for all of the cluster ions with different stoichiometry , although rate constants of the CO attachment reaction are more or less stoichiometry - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "NinOn + x ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , CO was found to be released from the cluster ions when the cluster ions were heated up to 523 K after the reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding is interpreted such that the CO molecule that physisorbs weakly to NinOn + x ( + ) at room temperature desorbs into the gas phase by the post heating .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "NinOn + x ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we found that an oxygen extraction reaction by a CO molecule actually occurs for oxygen - rich clusters such as Ni6O7 ( + ) and Ni8O9 ( + ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "CO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Ni6O7 ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "Ni8O9 ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the oxygen extraction reaction is one order of magnitude slower than physisorption , it lies hidden underneath of the faster physisorption processes in the mass spectrum but is revealed by the elimination of physisorption through the post heating .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antigen presentation by dendritic cells in rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA ) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects largely synovial joints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been postulated that activated autoreactive CD4 T cells play a key role in triggering and / or maintaining the chronic inflammatory process in RA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are antigen - presenting cells that activate cognate clonal CD4 T cells in the lymph nodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activation process involves the formation of a molecular structure at the DC - CD4 T cell contact zone called immunological synapse ( IS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In RA , the synovium , a thin layer of tissue below the capsule in the joints , shows a massive infiltration of DCs and CD4 T cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects bearing HLA - DRB1 alleles of the Major Histocompatibility Complex II gene displaying a motif called RA \" shared epitope ( SE ) \" , have an enhanced susceptibility to suffer RA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the SE - containing HLA - DRB1 molecules display a pocket with a high affinity for citrullinated antigens , which are found at higher levels in subjects prone to develop RA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it is possible that the DCs of susceptible individuals may form IS with particular features that may present citrullinated peptides to autorreactive na i ve CD4 T clones that , after being activated , contribute to the initiation or development of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein I put forward a model of RA initiation based on current information on the immune response and RA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citrullinated peptides in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies directed against citrullinated proteins and peptides ( ACPAs ) are the most specific serological markers available for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACPAs may be detected several years before symptoms of RA appear , and their presence at disease onset is a good predictor of the development of erosive joint lesions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RA patients can be classified into two major groups : those who have ACPAs and those who do not .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of ACPAs at early stages of RA predicts the development of earlier and more widespread joint erosions , and low remission rates . Synthetic peptides can replace cognate proteins in solid - phase assays for specific autoantibody recognition in RA patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of synthetic peptides instead of proteins represents an advantage in terms of the reproducibility of such immunoassays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins also contain non - citrullinated epitopes that are recognized by non - RA sera and this could reduce the specificity of the test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of synthetic citrullinated peptides gives absolute control over the exact epitopes presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it is difficult to prepare sufficient amounts of high - quality antigenic proteins with a well - defined degree of citrullination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic citrullinated peptides , in contrast , are easily obtained in a pure form with a well - defined chemical structure and the epitopes can be precisely oriented in the plate by covalent binding of the peptides . Chimeric peptides bearing different citrullinated protein domains have recently been used in the design of RA diagnosis systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the application of those systems indicate that more than one serological test is required to classify RA patients based on the presence or absence of ACPAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each of the target molecules reported ( fibrin , vimentin and filaggrin ) helps to identify a particular subset of RA patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benchmark quantum - chemical calculations on a complete set of rotameric families of the DNA sugar - phosphate backbone and their comparison with modern density functional theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 98]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DNA sugar - phosphate backbone has a substantial influence on the DNA structural dynamics .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural biology and bioinformatics studies revealed that the DNA backbone in experimental structures samples a wide range of distinct conformational substates , known as rotameric DNA backbone conformational families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their correct description is essential for methods used to model nucleic acids and is known to be the Achilles heel of force field computations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we report the benchmark database of MP2 calculations extrapolated to the complete basis set of atomic orbitals with aug - cc - pVTZ and aug - cc - pVQZ basis sets , MP2 ( T , Q ) , augmented by Delta CCSD ( T ) / aug - cc - pVDZ corrections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calculations are performed in the gas phase as well as using a COSMO solvent model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study includes a complete set of 18 established and biochemically most important families of DNA backbone conformations and several other salient conformations that we identified in experimental structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilize an electronically sufficiently complete DNA sugar - phosphate - sugar ( ) backbone model system truncated to prevent undesired intramolecular interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calculations are then compared with other QM methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BLYP and TPSS functionals supplemented with Grimme ' s D3 ( BJ ) dispersion term provide the best tradeoff between computational demands and accuracy and can be recommended for preliminary conformational searches as well as calculations on large model systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the tested methods , the best agreement with the benchmark database has been obtained for the double - hybrid DSD - BLYP functional in combination with a quadruple - zeta basis set , which is , however , computationally very demanding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new hybrid density functionals PW6B95 - D3 and MPW1B95 - D3 yield outstanding results and even slightly outperform the computationally more demanding PWPB95 double - hybrid functional .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B3LYP - D3 is somewhat less accurate compared to the other hybrids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extrapolated MP2 ( D , T ) calculations are not as accurate as the less demanding DFT - D3 methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary force field tests using several charge sets reveal an almost order of magnitude larger deviations from the reference QM data compared to modern DFT - D3 , underlining the challenges facing force field simulations of nucleic acids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , inclusion of the solvent environment approximated by a continuum approach has a large impact on the relative stabilities of different backbone substates and is important when comparing the QM data with structural bioinformatics and other experimental data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Golimumab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis After the Failure of Previous Disease - Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs : A NICE Single Technology Appraisal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As part of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) single technology appraisal ( STA ) process , the manufacturer of golimumab ( Simponi ( (R) ) ; Merck Sharp & Dohme , USA ) was invited to submit evidence for its clinical and cost effectiveness for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) after the failure of previous disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The School of Health and Related Research Technology Appraisal Group ( ScHARR - TAG ) at The University of Sheffield was commissioned to act as the independent Evidence Review Group ( ERG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article provides details of the manufacturer ' s initial submission , the ERG ' s clarification questions and the ERG report submitted to NICE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decision made by NICE is provided alongside a brief comment on additional results produced from an additional analysis requested by NICE on behalf of the Committee .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ERG produced a critical review of the evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of the technology based on upon the manufacturer ' s submission to NICE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical evidence was derived from three randomized controlled trials of golimumab in the treatment of moderate to severe RA : GO - FORWARD and Kay et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( DMARD - experienced population ) and GO - AFTER ( tumour necrosis factor [ TNF ] - alpha inhibitor - experienced population ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ERG considered that the trials were of reasonable methodological quality and measured a clinically relevant range of outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trials for golimumab , as well as comparator treatments , were synthesized using mixed - treatment comparison methods for the DMARD - experienced population and an indirect comparison using the Bucher method for the TNF - alpha inhibitor - experienced population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trials used were appropriate , although no definitive judgement regarding the comparative efficacy of golimumab with other biologics was possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The manufacturer provided a DMARD - experienced population model and a TNF - alpha inhibitor - experienced population model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The models allowed sequences of treatments to be evaluated for each population , although a fully incremental analysis between the use of golimumab following DMARD failure and the use of golimumab following TNF - alpha inhibitor failure was not possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several limitations with the model were identified , and after a request from NICE and suspension of the appraisal , the manufacturer submitted sensitivity analyses with an additional American College of Rheumatology 70 % improvement criteria ( ACR70 ) health state included , using SF - 36 data directly from the GO - FORWARD study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annual rate of the Health Assessment Questionnaire ( HAQ ) score increase for patients receiving palliative treatment was also changed from 0 . 09 to 0 . 06 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The further analyses provided highlighted the particular sensitivity of the results to HAQ progression rates and the re - administration frequency for rituximab in the TNF - alpha inhibitor - experienced population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Appraisal Committee concluded that golimumab should be recommended in combination with methotrexate as an option for patients with severe active RA who have failed on conventional DMARDs , or who have failed on a TNF - alpha inhibitor and are contraindicated to or withdrawn from rituximab .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology : tracing the genetic background of differential cadmium sensitivities in invertebrate lineages .", "entity": [{"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many toxicological and ecotoxicological studies and experimental setups , the investigator is mainly interested in traditional parameters such as toxicity data and effects of toxicants on molecular , cellular or physiological functions of individuals , species or statistical populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is clear , however , that such approaches focus on the phenotype level of animal species , whilst the genetic and evolutionary background of reactions to environmental toxicants may remain untold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ecotoxicological risk assessment , moreover , species sensitivities towards pollutants are often regarded as random variables in a statistical approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beyond statistics , however , toxicant sensitivity of every species assumes a biological significance , especially if we consider that sensitivity traits have developed in lineages of species with common evolutionary roots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , the genetic and evolutionary background of differential Cd sensitivities among invertebrate populations and species and their potential of adaptation to environmental Cd exposure will be highlighted .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important evolutionary and population genetic concepts such as genome structure and their importance for evolutionary adaptation , population structure of affected individuals , as well as micro and macroevolutionary mechanisms of Cd resistance in invertebrate lineages will be stressed by discussing examples of work from our own laboratory along with a review of relevant literature data and a brief discussion of open questions along with some perspectives for further research .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both , differences and similarities in Cd sensitivity traits of related invertebrate species can only be understood if we consider the underlying evolutionary processes and genetic ( or epigenetic ) mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Keeping in mind this perception can help us to better understand and interpret more precisely why the sensitivity of some species or species groups towards a certain toxicant ( or metal ) may be ranked in the lower or higher range of species sensitivity distributions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , such a perspective will transcend a purely statistical view of the sensitivity distributions concept , and will enhance ecotoxicology in many respects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Platform for Large - Scale Graphene Electronics - CVD Growth of Single - Layer Graphene on CVD - Grown Hexagonal Boron Nitride .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "Boron Nitride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) growth of single - layer graphene on CVD - grown hexagonal boron nitride ( h - BN ) film can suggest a large - scale and high - quality graphene / h - BN film hybrid structure with a defect - free interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "boron nitride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "BN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 122]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}, {"entity": "BN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This sequentially grown graphene / h - BN film shows better electronic properties than that of graphene / SiO2 or graphene transferred on h - BN film , and suggests a new promising template for graphene device fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "BN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "BN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cation - pi box is a specific phosphatidylcholine membrane targeting motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPeripheral membrane proteins can be targeted to specific organelles or the plasma membrane by differential recognition of phospholipid headgroups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While molecular determinants of specificity for several headgroups , including phosphatidylserine and phosphoinositides are well defined , specific recognition of the headgroup of the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) is less well understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cytosolic proteins the cation - pi box provides a suitable receptor for choline recognition and binding through the trimethylammonium moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "trimethylammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In PC , this moiety might provide a sufficient handle to bind to peripheral proteins via a cation - pi cage , where the pi systems of two or more aromatic residues are within 4 - 5 A of the quaternary amine .", "entity": [{"entity": "quaternary amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prove this hypothesis by engineering the cation - pi box into secreted phosphatidylinositol - specific phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus , which lacks specific PC recognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The N254Y / H258Y variant selectively binds PC - enriched vesicles , and X - ray crystallography reveals N254Y / H258Y binds choline and dibutyroylphosphatidylcholine within the cation - pi motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "choline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "dibutyroylphosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such simple PC recognition motifs could be engineered into a wide variety of secondary structures providing a generally applicable method for specific recognition of PC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical Investigation of Generator - Collector Microwell Arrays for Improving Electroanalytical Selectivity : Application to Selective Dopamine Detection in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "Ascorbic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recessed generator - collector assemblies consisting of an array of recessed disks ( generator electrodes ) with a gold layer ( collector electrode ) deposited over the top - plane insulator reportedly allow increased selectivity and sensitivity during electrochemical detection of dopamine ( DA ) in the presence of ascorbic acid ( AA ) , a situation which is frequently encountered .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 290]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [317, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sensor design , the potential of the disk electrodes is set to the wave plateau of DA , whereas the plane electrode is biased at the irreversible wave plateau of AA before the onset of the DA oxidation wave .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , AA is scavenged but DA is allowed to enter the nanocavities to be oxidized at the disk electrodes , and its signal is further amplified by redox cycling between disk and plane electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several different theoretical approaches are elaborated herein to analyze the behavior of the system , and their conclusions are successfully tested by experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reveals the crucial role of the plane - electrode area which screens access to the recessed disks ( i . e . acts as a diffusional Faraday cage ) and simultaneously contributes to amplification of the analyte signal through positive feedback , as occurs in interdigitated arrays and scanning electrochemical microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations also allow for the evaluation of the benefits of different geometries inspired by the above design and different operating modes for increasing the sensor performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tuning the Electrical and Optical Properties of Graphene by Ozone Treatment for Patterning Monolithic Transparent Electrodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tunable electrical and optical properties of graphene are vital to promote its use as film electrodes in a variety of devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed an etching - free ozone treatment method to continuously tune the electrical resistance and optical transmittance of graphene films by simply varying the time and temperature of graphene exposure to ozone .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initially , ozone exposure dramatically decreases the electrical resistance of graphene films by p - doping , but this is followed by increases in the resistance and optical transmittance as a result of surface oxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of resistance increase can be significantly increased by raising the treatment temperature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ozone - oxidized graphene is not removed but is gradually transformed to graphene oxide ( GO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "oxidized graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of such effects of ozone treatment , we demonstrate a well - defined graphene pattern by using ozone photolithography , in which the ozone - treated graphene electrodes are monolithic but separated by insulating GO regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 113]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 151]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a monolithic graphene pattern shows low optical contrast , a clean and more hydrophilic surface , indicating the promising use of ozone treatment to achieve high - performance graphene - based optoelectronic devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymmetric dimethylarginine predicts decline of glucose tolerance in men with stable coronary artery disease : a 4 . 5 - year follow - up study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asymmetric dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Endothelial dysfunction , largely dependent on impaired nitric oxide bioavailability , has been reportedly associated with incident type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to test the hypothesis that asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) , an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide formation , might be linked to future deterioration in glucose tolerance in stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "asymmetric dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 67]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We studied 80 non - diabetic men ( mean age 55 + / - 11 years ) with stable angina who underwent successful elective complex coronary angioplasty and were receiving a standard medical according to practice guidelines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma ADMA and its structural isomer symmetric dimethylarginine ( SDMA ) were measured prior to coronary angiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "symmetric dimethylarginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 64]}, {"entity": "SDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An estimate of insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA - IR index ) was calculated from fasting insulin and glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deterioration in glucose tolerance was defined as development of type 2 diabetes or progression from a normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Over a median follow - up of 55 months 11 subjects developed type 2 diabetes and 13 progressed to impaired fasting glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incident deterioration of glucose tolerance was associated with ADMA ( hazard ratio [ HR ] per 1 - SD increment 1 . 64 [ 95 % CI : 1 . 14 - - 2 . 35 ] ; P = 0 . 007 ) , log ( HOMA - IR index ) ( HR = 1 . 60 [ 1 . 16 - - 2 . 20 ] ; P = 0 . 004 ) and body - mass index ( HR = 1 . 44 [ 0 . 95 - - 2 . 17 ] ; P = 0 . 08 ) by univariate Cox regression .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADMA ( HR = 1 . 65 [ 1 . 14 - - 2 . 38 ] ; p = 0 . 008 ) and log ( HOMA - IR index ) ( HR = 1 . 55 [ 1 . 10 - - 2 . 17 ] ; P = 0 . 01 ) were multivariate predictors of a decline in glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ADMA and SDMA were unrelated to body - mass index , HOMA - IR index , insulin or glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "SDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : ADMA predicts future deterioration of glucose tolerance independently of baseline insulin resistance in men with stable CAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whether this association reflects a contribution of endothelial dysfunction to accelerated decline of insulin sensitivity , or represents only an epiphenomenon accompanying pre - diabetes , remains to be elucidated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed relationship might contribute to the well - recognized ability of ADMA to predict cardiovascular outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in odontoblasts via a JNK - dependent mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium fluoride ( NaF ) is widely used for the treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its pro - apoptotic effect on odontoblasts may lead to harmful side - effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro - apoptotic effects of NaF in odontoblasts and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NaF generated cytotoxic effects in odontoblast - lineage cell ( OLC ) in a dose - and time - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of cells to 4mM NaF for 24h induced caspase - 3 activation , ultrastructural alterations , and resulted in the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial inter - membrane space into the cytosol , indicating that fluoride - mediated apoptosis is mitochondria - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoride treatment also increased phosphorylation of JNK and ERK , but not p38 , and apoptosis induced by fluoride was notably or partly suppressed by treatment with JNK or ERK inhibitors , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these findings suggest that NaF induces apoptosis in OLC odontoblasts through a JNK - dependent mitochondrial pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perinatal exposure to BDE - 99 causes learning disorders and decreases serum thyroid hormone levels and BDNF gene expression in hippocampus in rat offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "BDE - 99", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of pregnant women to polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs ) may mean serious health risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 60]}, {"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main goal of the present study was to examine the neurobehavioral changes in rat offspring that were perinatally exposed to one of the most prevalent PBDEs congeners found in humans , 2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' , 5 - pentaBDE ( BDE - 99 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 159]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 ' , 4 , 4 ' , 5 - pentaBDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 220]}, {"entity": "BDE - 99", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rat dams were exposed to 0 , 1 and 2mg / kg / day of BDE - 99 from gestation day 6 to post - natal day 21 .", "entity": [{"entity": "BDE - 99", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When pups were weaning , cortex and hippocampal gene expressions of brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) of the different isoforms of the thyroid hormone ( TH ) receptors ( TRs ) were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum TH levels were also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining pups were assessed by neurobehavioral testing for learning and memory function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that maternal transference of BDE - 99 produced a delay in the spatial learning task in the water maze test .", "entity": [{"entity": "BDE - 99", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the open - field test revealed a significant dose - response anxiolytic effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was also found that the serum levels of triiodothyronine ( T3 ) , tetraiiodothyronine ( T4 ) and free - T4 ( FT4 ) decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "triiodothyronine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "tetraiiodothyronine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although no effect on the gene expression of the different isoforms of TRs was observed , the expression of the TH - mediated gene BDNF was down - regulated in the hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate a clear signal disruption of TH and reinforce previous studies in which neurotoxic effects of PBDEs in animal research were observed at levels comparable to those found in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "PBDEs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reward and aversion in a heterogeneous midbrain dopamine system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) is a heterogeneous brain structure that serves a central role in motivation and reward processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormalities in the function of VTA dopamine ( DA ) neurons and the targets they influence are implicated in several prominent neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies suggest that the midbrain DA system is composed of anatomically and functionally heterogeneous DA subpopulations with different axonal projections .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings may explain a number of previously confusing observations that suggested a role for DA in processing both rewarding as well as aversive events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we will focus on recent advances in understanding the neural circuits mediating reward and aversion in the VTA and how stress as well as drugs of abuse , in particular cocaine , alter circuit function within a heterogeneous midbrain DA system .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytotoxic effects of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin - a : Morphological , physiological and biochemical responses in aquatic macrophyte , Ceratophyllum demersum .", "entity": [{"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatoxin - a is one of the common and major cyanobacterial neurotoxins acting as a powerful agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years , the toxin has become the focus of public attention , due to the mass development of cyanobacteria ( cyanobacterial blooms ) in freshwater bodies triggered by eutrophication and climate change .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anatoxin - a is suspected to have a distinct toxic mechanism depending on physiological and nervous systems in exposed organisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The numerous researches have been actively conducted with respect to the toxic effects of anatoxin - a on mammals ; however , little research has aimed at its possible effects on aquatic plants , wherein well - structured nervous system is absent with the lack of various components of the acetylcholine mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum ( C . demersum ) was adopted to examine the effects of anatoxin - a on morphological ( growth ) , physiological ( photosynthetic pigment contents ) and biochemical ( hydrogen peroxide level , biotransformation and antioxidative enzymes ) responses in the aquatic plant at environmentally relevant concentrations ( 0 . 005 , 0 . 05 , 0 . 5 , 5 and 50 mu g / L ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The significant elevation of antioxidative enzymes in parallel with increased formation of hydrogen peroxide appeared from 0 . 5 mu g / L of anatoxin - a .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 108]}, {"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the measurement of photosynthetic pigments , the decrease in chlorophyll a content was detected at 5 and 50 mu g / L , whereas the increase in carotenoids / total chlorophyll was observed from 0 . 05 mu g / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorophyll a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "chlorophyll", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the alteration in growth was manifested in the presence of 5 and 50 mu g / L of anatoxin - a .", "entity": [{"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results clearly indicate that anatoxin - a can disrupt homeostasis of C . demersum through induction of oxidative stress ; furthermore this aquatic plant possesses effective defense mechanisms to cope with low concentrations of anatoxin - a .", "entity": [{"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "anatoxin - a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The next generation of novel low - density lipoprotein cholesterol - lowering agents : Proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin 9 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin 9 ( PCSK9 ) has been shown to degrade hepatic low - density lipoprotein receptors ( LDLR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gain - of - function mutations promote the development of familial hypercholesterolemia , whereas loss - of - function mutations are associated with lower levels of circulating low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) and significant protection against coronary heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major classes of commonly prescribed lipid - lowering medications , such as statins , increase serum PCSK9 levels , thus PCSK9 inhibition would increase the efficacy of statins on LDL - C lowering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , PCSK9 is an attractive therapeutic target for the new generation of cholesterol - lowering drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we present a brief overview of the development of PCSK9 inhibitors and highlight the effect of currently prescribed LDL - C - lowering drugs on PCSK9 , and the strategies that are being explored for its therapeutic inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current research and clinical trial results indicate that a PCSK9 inhibitor may be an exciting new therapeutic drug for the treatment of dyslipidemia and relevant cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "stanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was to evaluate the cholesterol - lowering effect of two novel plant stanol derivatives and its potential molecular mechanism in hyper - cholesterol mice induced by a high - cholesterol diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "stanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that oral administration of plant stanyl hemisuccinate ( 2 x , 5 x ) and plant stanyl sorbitol succinate ( 2 x , 5 x ) effectively attenuated the serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels , while had no effect on the serum triacylglycerol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol .", "entity": [{"entity": "stanyl hemisuccinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 69]}, {"entity": "stanyl sorbitol succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 119]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 184]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 224]}, {"entity": "triacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 282]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "And plant stanol derivatives decreased liver cholesterol concentration and increased faecal cholesterol output .", "entity": [{"entity": "stanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , both plant stanyl hemisuccinate and plant stanyl sorbitol succinate could remarkably promote liver X receptor alpha ( LXR alpha ) expression , and increased cholesterol 7 alpha - hydroxylase ( CYP7A1 ) expression and faecal total bile acid output to varying degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "stanyl hemisuccinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "stanyl sorbitol succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 79]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 180]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested two novel plant stanol derivatives possessed hypocholesterolemic effect , and the cholesterol - lowering action of plant stanol derivatives may be through activating the potential LXR alpha - CYP7A1 - bile acid excretion pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "stanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "stanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An optimised method for the accurate determination of zeranol and diethylstilbestrol in animal tissues using isotope dilution - liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "zeranol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbestrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isotope dilution - liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry ( ID - LC / MS ) has been established as a candidate reference method for the accurate determination of growth promoters ( zeranol , taleranol , and diethylstilbesterol ) in raw meat samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "zeranol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "taleranol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 203]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sample preparation processes including an enzymatic hydrolysis , extraction , and SPE clean - up were optimised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitivity difference of trans - and cis - diethylstilbestrol ( isomerizing in sample preparation processes ) by the LC / MS was measured by running a trans / cis mixture ( ratio measured by a quantitative NMR ) with and without sample matrices , and applied for the determination of total diethylstilbestrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans - and cis - diethylstilbestrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 66]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbestrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Validity , repeatability , and reproducibility of the analytical method were tested by measuring gravimetrically fortified samples ( chicken breast , bovine muscles , and porcine muscle ) in a number of different time periods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measurement results agreed with the fortified values within their uncertainties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method provided accurate results of the target analytes in the range of 0 . 05 - 15 mu g / kg with the relative expanded uncertainty of 2 - 15 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of Muscat wines aroma evolution using comprehensive gas chromatography followed by a post - analytic approach to 2D contour plots comparison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study presents the application of a headspace solid - phase microextraction ( HS - SPME ) method on the analysis of Muscat - based wines volatiles by comprehensive two - dimensional gas chromatography ( GC x GC ) and Time - Of - Flight mass spectrometry ( TOF - MS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aroma patterns were established for different samples of Asti Spumante and Moscato d ' Asti wines , stored in bottles for 6months at different temperatures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wines stored at 5 degrees C for 6months did not show significant changes in flavor ; otherwise , the samples stored at 15 and 25 degrees C , showed a significant decrease in linalool , beta - damascenone , ethyl hexanoate , and ethyl octanoate levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 182]}, {"entity": "beta - damascenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 203]}, {"entity": "ethyl hexanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 221]}, {"entity": "ethyl octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these last samples , alpha - terpineol , hotrienol , nerol oxide , furanic linalool oxides A / B and rose oxide concentrations significantly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha - terpineol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "hotrienol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "nerol oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "furanic linalool oxides A / B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 99]}, {"entity": "rose oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mathematical approach was developed and applied to raw data exported after the chromatographic course , in order ( i ) to normalise different 2D chromatograms , permitting their direct comparison and ( ii ) to automatically identify and calculate from pixel - to - pixel re - designed 2D chromatograms any differences among key volatile compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of quality parameters during red wine dealcoholization by osmotic distillation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Osmotic distillation technique was used for the total dealcoholization of a red wine ( Aglianico grape variety ) up to 0 . 19vol . % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dealcoholization process was performed in subsequent cycles which gave rise wine samples at different alcoholic degrees .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of processing on the main chemical and physical properties of Aglianico wine was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among wine samples , no significant differences ( p < 0 . 05 ) of oenological parameters such as pH , total acidity were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , the total phenolic , flavonoids and tartaric esters content and the composition of organic acids did not show significant differences ( p < 0 . 05 ) during the process .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "tartaric esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , colour intensity and tonality of wine samples changed significantly when the alcohol reduction was over the 6 . 5vol . % .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the total dealcoholized wine showed properties similar to Aglianico wine except for the volatile compounds , which decreased over 98 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , flavour enrichment may be required to produce a pleasurable and delicious non alcoholic beverage from wine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of catechin and epicatechin , total phenols and PPO activity on the Mal d 1 content in apple fruit .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important apple allergen in Central Europe and North America is Mal d 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apples are a very important source of secondary plant metabolites like polyphenols in human nutrition .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is known that oxidised phenols can bind proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidised phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These irreversible bindings can lead to a reduced allergenicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most important phenols in apple are epicatechin , catechin and their polymeric structures , which have been identified as substrates of the polyphenoloxidase ( PPO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of naturally occurring catechin and epicatechin contents in apple on the allergenicity of apple fruits .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fruits of the cultivars ' Elstar ' , ' Diwa ' and ' Boskoop ' were harvested and stored for 8 and 12weeks in a cold - chamber at 2 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mal d 1 - , catechin - , epicatechin - and total phenol content as well as the activity of PPO were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correlation analysis showed that naturally occurring catechin as well as epicatechin has no impact on the Mal d 1 content of the tested cultivars : correlation coefficient ranged from - 0 . 203 to 0 . 501 for the correlation between Mal d 1 and catechin .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "epicatechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "catechin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results further indicated that the activity of PPO is more important than the content of total phenols to reduce the Mal d 1 level .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If there is a high PPO activity , Mal d 1 could be reduced even if the total phenol concentration is low .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modeling and prediction of extraction profile for microwave - assisted extraction based on absorbed microwave energy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A modeling technique based on absorbed microwave energy was proposed to model microwave - assisted extraction ( MAE ) of antioxidant compounds from cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L . ) leaves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By adapting suitable extraction model at the basis of microwave energy absorbed during extraction , the model can be developed to predict extraction profile of MAE at various microwave irradiation power ( 100 - 600W ) and solvent loading ( 100 - 300ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verification with experimental data confirmed that the prediction was accurate in capturing the extraction profile of MAE ( R - square value greater than 0 . 87 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides , the predicted yields from the model showed good agreement with the experimental results with less than 10 % deviation observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , suitable extraction times to ensure high extraction yield at various MAE conditions can be estimated based on absorbed microwave energy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estimation is feasible as more than 85 % of active compounds can be extracted when compared with the conventional extraction technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new method for detection of five alternaria toxins in food matrices based on LC - APCI - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new method for the detection of alternariol ( AOH ) , alternariol monomethyl ether ( AME ) , altenuene ( ALT ) , tentoxin ( TEN ) , and tenuazonic acid ( TeA ) , five alternaria toxins ( ATs ) was developed by liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation ( APCI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alternariol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "alternariol monomethyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 84]}, {"entity": "AME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "altenuene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "ALT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "tentoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "TEN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "tenuazonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 153]}, {"entity": "TeA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single extraction was used to recover the five ATs by apple juices , beers , tomato sauces , olives and dried basil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different Solid Phase Extractions ( SPE ) and clean - up were selected to optimise the purification step for each food matrix .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits of detection and quantification were , respectively , in the range 0 . 16 - 12 . 31 and 0 . 54 - 41 . 04ngg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recovery rates were generally above 70 % , except for dried basil and olives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty out of 70 samples analysed ( 7 apple juices , 14 beers and 9 tomato sauces ) resulted positive to at least one alternaria toxin investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AOH was the most common AT ( 14 samples ) , followed by ALT ( 10 samples ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ALT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest concentration of ATs was found in commercial apple juices ( 35 . 33ngg ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extraction of oak volatiles and ellagitannins compounds and sensory profile of wine aged with French winewoods subjected to different toasting methods : Behaviour during storage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Merlot wines the evolution of volatile and non - volatile ( ellagitannins ) compounds extracted from winewoods while being macerated for 12months was studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven types of winewoods subjected to different toasting methods were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different rates of extraction , depending mainly on wood compounds origin ( toasting or naturally present in wood ) and on the watering process during toasting , were observed , which were reflected in sensory differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Globally , volatile phenols together with aldehydes , phenols and lactones showed an increase with increasing maceration time .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "lactones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ellagitannins were extracted faster during the first 3months ; after 6months an important decrease was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wines with winewoods subjected to watering during toasting were lower in ellagitannins concentrations and demonstrated the greatest decrease of these compounds during maceration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Astringency and bitterness intensified with increasing ellagitannins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactones induced positive sweetness sensations , whereas furanic and guaiacol compounds influenced bitterness and astringency .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lactones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "furanic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "guaiacol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spicy and vanilla descriptors were related to eugenol , vanillin and other odorous chemicals .", "entity": [{"entity": "eugenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "vanillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium bioaccessibility and speciation in biofortified Pleurotus mushrooms grown on selenium - rich agricultural residues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cultivation of saprophytic fungi on selenium - rich substrates can be an effective means to produce selenium - fortified food .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pleurotus florida , an edible species of oyster mushrooms , was grown on wheat straw from the seleniferous belt of Punjab ( India ) and its potential to mobilize and accumulate selenium from the growth substrate was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selenium concentration in biofortified mushrooms was 800 times higher compared with control samples grown on wheat straw from non selenium - rich areas ( 141 vs 0 . 17 mu gSeg ( - 1 ) dry weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "gSeg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy - five percent of the selenium was extracted after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and investigation of the selenium molecular fractions by size exclusion HPLC - ICP - MS revealed that proteins and any other high molecular weight selenium - containing molecule were hydrolyzed to peptides and low molecular weight selenocompounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the gastrointestinal hydrolysates by anion exchange HPLC - ICP - MS showed that the bioaccessible selenium was mainly present as selenomethionine , a good bioavailable source of selenium , which accounted for 73 % of the sum of the detected species .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "selenomethionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing selenium - biofortified edible mushrooms using selenium - rich agricultural by - products as growth substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proposed approach can be used to evaluate whether selenium - contaminated plant waste materials harvested from high - selenium areas may be used to produce selenium - biofortified edible mushrooms based on the concentration , bioaccessibility and speciation of selenium in the mushrooms .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 168]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of Hatay honeys according to their multi - element analysis using ICP - OES combined with chemometrics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical characterisation has been carried out on 45 honey samples collected from Hatay region of Turkey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentrations of 17 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP - OES ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ca , K , Mg and Na were the most abundant elements , with mean contents of 219 . 38 , 446 . 93 , 49 . 06 and 95 . 91mgkg ( - 1 ) respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trace element mean contents ranged between 0 . 03 and 15 . 07mgkg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemometric methods such as principal component analysis ( PCA ) and cluster analysis ( CA ) techniques were applied to classify honey according to mineral content .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first most important principal component ( PC ) was strongly associated with the value of Al , B , Cd and Co .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 96]}, {"entity": "B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 100]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CA showed eight clusters corresponding to the eight botanical origins of honey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCA explained 75 . 69 % of the variance with the first six PC variables .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemometric analysis of the analytical data allowed the accurate classification of the honey samples according to origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteolytic activities in fillets of selected underutilized Australian fish species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hydrolytic activity of major endogenous proteases , responsible for proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins during post - mortem storage , may be an indicator of the textural quality of fish which influences consumer purchasing behaviour and thus market value of the final product .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , it may also influence the type and bioactive properties of the peptides released during post - mortem proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study compared the activities of cathepsins B , B + L , D , H and calpain - like enzymes in crude muscle extracted from 16 Australian underutilized fish species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fish species had a significant effect on the activity of these enzymes with barracouta showing the highest cathepsins B , B + L , D and H activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activities of cathepsins B and B + L were higher than cathepsin H for all studied species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The more commercially important rock ling and tiger flathead demonstrated higher cathepsin B + L activity , whereas gemfish and eastern school whiting showed higher activity towards cathepsin B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Underutilized fish species showing higher endogenous protease activities may be suitable for fish sauce production , whereas those with lower protease activities for surimi processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavonol glycosides with lipid accumulation inhibitory activity and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 15 polyphenols and caffeine in the flower buds of Camellia sinensis from different regions by LCMS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavonol glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simultaneous quantitative analytical method for 15 major polyphenols , e . g . five catechins ( 1 - 5 ) and 10 flavonols ( 6 - 15 ) , as functional constituents in the extracts of \" tea flowers \" , the flower buds of Camellia sinensis ( Theaceae ) , has been developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "catechins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}, {"entity": "flavonols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The content of caffeine ( 16 ) , which showed similar chromatographic behaviour under the analytical conditions , was also determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To approve the validity of the newly developed protocol , thirteen extracts of the plant ' s flower buds collected from different regions , i . e . China , Taiwan , Japan and India , were evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that the assay was reproducible and precise , and could be readily underutilised for the quality evaluation of tea flowers on the basis of polyphenols ' contents .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyphenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was noteworthy that the contents of two major constituents , kaempferol 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 10 ) and kaempferol 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - galactopyranoside ( 11 ) , varied by region where the flower buds were produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "kaempferol 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 195]}, {"entity": "kaempferol 3 - O - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - galactopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new flavonol glycoside , chakaflavonoside B ( 17 ) , which was isolated in the course of this analytical study , was found to show oleic acid - albumin - induced lipid accumulation inhibitory activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonol glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "chakaflavonoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemocyanin - derived phenoloxidase activity : A contributing factor to hyperpigmentation in Nephrops norvegicus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenomenon of hyperpigmentation ( melanosis ) in shellfish has long been attributed to phenoloxidase enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last number of years , the oxygen carrier hemocyanin , has demonstrated several immune - and physiological functionalities , most notably , inducible phenoloxidase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , hemocyanin purified from the hemolymph of Nephrops norvegicus displays diphenoloxidase activity in the presence of a number of elicitors and retains structural and functional integrity throughout the process of freeze - thawing ( at - 25 degrees C ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , cellular phenoloxidase activity ( present in cell - lysates ) , demonstrates > 98 % reduction in activity after freeze - thawing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present evidence that hemocyanin may act as a causative agent of hyperpigmentation in N . norvegicus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of hemocyanin - derived phenoloxidase activity is discussed , and for the first time , the biophysical interactions of shellfish hemocyanin with known phenoloxidase inhibitors are presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Residues and dissipation of kresoxim methyl in apple under field condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "kresoxim methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissipation and residual levels of kresoxim methyl in apple under field condition were determined by using HPLC - DAD with QuEChERS method .", "entity": [{"entity": "kresoxim methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At fortification levels of 0 . 05 , 0 . 1 , 0 . 5 and 1 . 0mgkg ( - 1 ) in apple , it was shown that recoveries were ranged from 91 . 1 % to 96 . 9 % with coefficient variation of the method ( CV % ) for repeatability ranged from 1 . 27 % to 4 . 77 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The limit of quantification ( LOQ ) of the method was 0 . 05mgkg ( - 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dissipation rates of kresoxim methyl were described by using first - order kinetics and its half - life , as they are ranged from 4 . 58 to 4 . 77days in apple .", "entity": [{"entity": "kresoxim methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The terminal residues of kresoxim methyl were below the FAO / WHO maximum residue limit ( MRL , 0 . 2mgkg ( - 1 ) ) in apple when measured 14days after the final application , which suggested that the use of this fungicide was safe for humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "kresoxim methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study would help in providing the basic information for developing regulation to guard a safe use of kresoxim methyl in apple orchard and to prevent health problem from consumers .", "entity": [{"entity": "kresoxim methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impact of the Mediterranean fruit fly ( Medfly ) Ceratitis capitata on different peach cultivars : The possible role of peach volatile compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between susceptibility of different peach cultivars ( cvs ) to the Mediterranean fruit fly ( medfly ) , Ceratitis capitata , and the volatile composition of ripe fruit of each cv has been investigated , since understanding the fruit - insect interaction mechanism is crucial for developing control strategies for such a pest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Volatile compounds were analyzed by SPME - GC - MS in three cvs highly susceptible to medfly attack ( Fair Time , Flaminia , Sicilia Piatta ) , and in two less susceptible cvs ( Percoca Romagnola 7 and Doctor Davis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the volatile compounds detected , 88 could be identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main differences found in the volatile composition of the cvs , concerned the relative abundance of esters .", "entity": [{"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The least susceptible cvs , above all Percoca Romagnola 7 , contained the higher amounts of hexenyl , hexyl , 3 - methylbutyl , butyl and 2 - methylpropyl esters ; among these , some C6 derivatives detected , such as ( Z ) - 3 - hexenyl acetate , are known to act as priming agents , enhancing plant defence response to insects .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexenyl , hexyl , 3 - methylbutyl , butyl and 2 - methylpropyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 161]}, {"entity": "( Z ) - 3 - hexenyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , a lower relative content of methyl esters , such as methyl hexanoate and methyl octanoate , known to act as medfly pheromone and attractant respectively , was found in the least susceptible cvs .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "methyl hexanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "methyl octanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of spectrophotometric and HPLC methods for determination of carotenoids in foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report is aimed at intra - laboratory and inter - laboratory comparison of the results obtained during spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses of lycopene , beta - carotene and total carotenoids in tomato products and yellow maize flours / grits .", "entity": [{"entity": "lycopene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "beta - carotene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive statistical analyses are performed in order to identify the main sources of uncertainties which may occur when using : ( i ) different techniques / methods / approaches in the same / different laboratories , in various food samples , and ( ii ) to indicate the facts / conditions under which the biases between results may remain unidentified after applying statistical testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data points to the inertness of t - test to detect significance of differences , particularly at low R values : in general , the higher correlation coefficient , the higher is sensitivity of statistical testing , especially of the paired t - test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , simple deviation of relationship line slope from unity could be used as additional evaluation parameter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This adds to reliable and objective quality assurance of foods in regard to carotenoids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal communication : sniffing is about more than just smell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent study shows that subordinate rats reduce their rate of sniffing while dominants explore their faces thus delaying dominants ' subsequent aggression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sniffing not only facilitates acquisition of olfactory information , but unexpectedly , also serves as a medium for communication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Irisin levels correlate with energy expenditure in a subgroup of humans with energy expenditure greater than predicted by fat free mass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Obesity is a result of chronic overconsumption of calories relative to the amount of energy expended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While fat free mass can account for ~ 80 % of the variance in energy expenditure , there is still considerable variability in energy requirements between individuals that cannot be explained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that responsiveness to the recently discovered myokine , irisin , which has been touted to increase energy expenditure via activation of brown adipocytes in rodents and possibly humans , may explain some of the variability in energy expenditure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS / METHODS : Post - menopausal women ( n = 17 ) spent 24 - h in a whole room indirect calorimeter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the study day , subjects remained sedentary and consumed meals tailored to their energy requirements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma irisin , leptin and adiponectin were measured in samples taken from each subject .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our results suggest that in general , irisin levels do not correlate with 24 - h energy expenditure , however , for a subpopulation irisin levels and energy expenditure are highly correlative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Irisin may help explain some of the observed variability in individual energy requirements that cannot be accounted for by fat free mass .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , interventions designed to increase irisin action may prove to be promising avenues for the treatment of obesity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro toxicological assessment of clays for their use in food packaging applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Montmorillonite based clays have a wide range of applications that are going to contribute to increase human exposure to these materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Montmorillonite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the most promising uses of clays is the development of reinforced food contact materials that results in nanocomposites with improved barrier properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different organoclays have been developed introducing modifiers in the natural clay which is commercially available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the toxicological aspects of these materials have been scarcely studied so far .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the cytotoxic effects of a non - modified clay ( Cloisite (R) Na + ) and an organoclay ( Cloisite (R) 30B ) have been investigated in the hepatic cell line HepG2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cloisite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Na +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "Cloisite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only Cloisite (R) 30B showed cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cloisite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to elucidate the toxic mechanisms underlying these effects , apoptosis , inflammation , oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers were assayed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , a morphology study with light and electron microscopy was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed genotoxic effects and glutathione decrease .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most relevant ultraestructural alterations observed were mitochondrial degeneration , dilated endomembrane systems , heterophagosomes formation , fat droplets appearance and presence of nuclear lipid inclusions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloisite (R) 30B , therefore , induces toxic effects in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cloisite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research is needed to assess the risk of this clay on the human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sclerostin : how human mutations have helped reveal a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the 1990s there was a tremendous mood of optimism among pharmaceutical scientists that identification of disease - associated variations in the human genome would result in a surge of new drug targets ( the ' gene - to - drug ' mantra ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date the expected deluge of new drugs has not arrived .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a small number of drugs arising directly from the study of rare human disorders showing Mendelian inheritance are now entering late stage clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe the advantages of this approach and discuss the background and early clinical trial findings with antibodies directed at a target identified in this way .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering of Dipeptidyl Peptidase - 4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin When Used Alone or With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes : A double - tracer study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "Sitagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVETo assess glucose - lowering mechanisms of sitagliptin ( S ) , metformin ( M ) , and the two combined ( M + S ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) to four 6 - week treatments with placebo ( P ) , M , S , and M + S .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "sitagliptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After each period , subjects received a 6 - h meal tolerance test ( MTT ) with [ ( 14 ) C ] glucose to calculate glucose kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "[ ( 14 ) C ] glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 99]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , fasting plasma insulin , C - peptide ( insulin secretory rate [ ISR ] ) , fasting plasma glucagon , and bioactive glucagon - like peptide ( GLP - 1 ) and gastrointestinal insulinotropic peptide ( GIP ) was measured . RESULTSFPG decreased from P , 160 +/- 4 to M , 150 +/- 4 ; S , 154 +/- 4 ; and M + S , 125 +/- 3 mg / dL .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean post - MTT PG decreased from P , 207 +/- 5 to M , 191 +/- 4 ; S , 195 +/- 4 ; and M + S , 161 +/- 3 mg / dL ( P < 0 . 01 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in mean post - MTT plasma insulin and in ISR was similar in P , M , and S and slightly greater in M + S .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting plasma glucagon was equal ( ~ 65 - 75 pg / mL ) with all treatments , but there was a significant drop during the initial 120 min with S 24 % and M + S 34 % ( both P < 0 . 05 ) vs . P 17 % and M 16 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting and mean post - MTT plasma bioactive GLP - 1 were higher ( P < 0 . 01 ) after S and M + S vs . M and P .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal endogenous glucose production ( EGP ) fell from P 2 . 0 +/- 0 . 1 to S 1 . 8 +/- 0 . 1 mg / kg . min , M 1 . 8 +/- 0 . 2 mg / kg . min [ both P < 0 . 05 vs . P ) , and M + S 1 . 5 +/- 0 . 1 mg / kg . min ( P < 0 . 01 vs . P ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the EGP slope of decline was faster in M and M + S vs . S , all had comparable greater post - MTT EGP inhibition vs . P ( P < 0 . 05 ) . CONCLUSIONSM + S combined produce additive effects to 1 ) reduce FPG and postmeal PG , 2 ) augment GLP - 1 secretion and beta - cell function , 3 ) decrease plasma glucagon , and 4 ) inhibit fasting and postmeal EGP compared with M or S monotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Involvement of nNOS / NO / sGC / cGMP signaling pathway in cocaine sensitization and in the associated hippocampal alterations : does phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition help to drug vulnerability ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Repeated cocaine administration induces behavioral sensitization in about 50 % of treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide could be involved in the acquisition and maintenance of behavioral cocaine effects , probably by activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( nNOS ) / NO / soluble guanylyl cyclase ( sGC ) / cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) signaling pathway , since inhibition of the nNOS enzyme attenuates development of sensitization in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 160]}, {"entity": "guanylyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "cyclic guanosine monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 236]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , increased cGMP availability by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors has been correlated to the misuse and recreational use of these agents and also to the concomitant use with illicit drugs in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hippocampus is an important brain region for conditioning to general context previously associated to drug availability , influencing drug - seeking behavior and sensitization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , cocaine and other drugs of abuse can affect the strength of glutamate synapses in this structure , lastly modifying neuronal activity in main regions of the reward circuitry .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study is to determine whether the pharmacological manipulation of nNOS / NO / sGC / cGMP signaling pathway altered changes induced by repeated cocaine exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The present investigation showed a relationship between behavioral cocaine sensitization , reduced threshold to generate long - term potentiation ( LTP ) in hippocampal dentate gyrus , and increased nNOS activity in this structure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , when nNOS or sGC were inhibited , the number of sensitized animals was reduced , and the threshold to generate LTP was increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The opposite occurred when cGMP availability was increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : We demonstrate a key role of the nNOS activity and NO / sGC / cGMP signaling pathway in the development of cocaine sensitization and in the associated enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 49]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 79]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmonic fluorescence enhancement by metal nanostructures : shaping the future of bionanotechnology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on metal enhanced fluorescence ( MEF ) and its current and future applications in biotechnology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms of MEF are discussed in terms of the additional radiative and nonradiative decay rates caused by the close proximity of the metal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then review the current MEF materials and structures that show promise in bioapplications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of electromagnetic modelling to predict fluorescent rate enhancement is then considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then give particular focus to the recent work carried out in the homogeneous fabrication of metal nanoparticles using colloidal lithography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the use of computational electromagnetic modelling alongside homogeneous fabrication techniques will lead to predictable and controllable MEF , paving the way for increased applications in biotechnology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A statistical approach for analyzing the development of ( 1 ) H multiple - quantum coherence in solids .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel statistical approach for analyzing ( 1 ) H multiple - quantum ( MQ ) spin dynamics in so - called spin - counting solid - state NMR experiments is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The statistical approach is based on the percolation theory with Monte Carlo methods and is examined by applying it to the experimental results of three solid samples having unique hydrogen arrangement for 1 - 3 dimensions : the n - alkane / d - urea inclusion complex as a one - dimensional ( 1D ) system , whose ( 1 ) H nuclei align approximately in 1D , and magnesium hydroxide and adamantane as a two - dimensional ( 2D ) and a three - dimensional ( 3D ) system , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}, {"entity": "n - alkane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 239]}, {"entity": "d - urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}, {"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 321]}, {"entity": "magnesium hydroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 380]}, {"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [385, 395]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four lattice models , linear , honeycomb , square and cubic , are used to represent the ( 1 ) H arrangement of the three samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that the MQ dynamics in adamantane is consistent with that calculated using the cubic lattice and that in Mg ( OH ) 2 with that calculated using the honeycomb and the square lattices .", "entity": [{"entity": "adamantane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "Mg ( OH ) 2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For n - C20H42 / d - urea , these 4 lattice models fail to express its result .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - C20H42", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "d - urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that a more realistic model representing the ( 1 ) H arrangement of n - C20H42 / d - urea can describe the result .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "n - C20H42", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "d - urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present approach can thus be used to determine ( 1 ) H arrangement in solids .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene sheets : gram - scale synthesis of graphene sheets by a catalytic arc - discharge method ( small 8 / 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gram - scale amounts of high - quality graphene sheets are synthesized on page 1330 through an arc - discharge method .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An arc , which is generated between two graphite rods when a high voltage is applied by Y .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liu and co - workers , can cause the graphite layers to separate into graphene sheets via a high - temperature exfoliation , or even broken into small clusters / atoms , which then form graphene sheets by catalytic growth , demonstrating that two mechanisms exist in an arc discharge process simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free radicals : free radical reactions in two dimensions : a case study on photochlorination of graphene ( small 8 / 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene is a 2D giant polycyclic aromatic molecule that provides opportunities for studying chemical reactions in two dimensions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peng , Z .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liu , and co - workers have systematically investigated the influence of specific features of 2D molecules , such as their thickness , stacking order , single - and double - side upon graphene ' s radical reactivity by utilizing a free radical photochlorination as a probe .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The result , described on page 1388 , can contribute to a deeper understanding of dimensionality effects for the chemistry of 2D graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optoelectronic Processes in Squaraine Dye - Doped OLEDs for Emission in the Near - Infrared .", "entity": [{"entity": "Squaraine Dye", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel all - organic host - guest system for emission in the NIR is introduced and investigated with respect to its opto - electronic processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The good agreement between theoretical and experimental results highlights the model character of this system and its potential for electroluminescent application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative measurements provide access to the recombination mechanisms on molecular length scale and show that the emission behavior of the device under operation is controlled by charge carrier dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small Molecule Inhibitors of ERCC1 - XPF Protein - Protein Interaction Synergize Alkylating Agents in Cancer Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The benefit of cancer chemotherapy based on alkylating agents is limited due to the action of DNA repair enzymes which mitigate the damage induced by these agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction between the proteins ERCC1 and XPF , involves two major components of the nucleotide excision repair pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , novel inhibitors of this interaction were identified by virtual screening based on available structures using the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) diversity set and a panel of DrugBank - small - molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , experimental validation of the in silico screening was undertaken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Top hits were evaluated on A549 and HCT116 cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the compound labeled NSC130813 was shown to act synergistically with cisplatin and mitomycin C , to increase UVC mediated cytotoxicity , to modify DNA repair as indicated by the staining of phosphorylated H2AX and to disrupt interaction between ERCC1 and XPF in cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSC130813", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "mitomycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , using the Biacore technique , we showed that this compound interacts with the domain of XPF responsible for interaction with ERCC1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that small molecules targeting the protein - protein interaction of ERCC1 and XPF can be developed in order to enhance the effects of alkylating agents on cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic Cooling at a Single Molecule Level : a Spectroscopic Investigation of Isolated Molecules on a Surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sub - monolayer distribution of isolated molecular Fe14 ( bta ) 6 nanomagnets is deposited intact on a Au ( 111 ) surface and investigated by X - ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe14 ( bta ) 6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Au ( 111 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The entropy variation with respect to the applied magnetic field is extracted from the magnetization curves and evidences high magnetocaloric values at the single molecule level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transgenic Mouse alpha - and beta - Cardiac Myosins Containing the R403Q Mutation Show Isoform Dependent Transient Kinetic Differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( FHC ) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discovery in 1990 that a point mutation at residue 403 ( R403Q ) in the beta - myosin heavy chain ( MHC ) caused a severe form of FHC was the first of many demonstrations linking FHC to mutations in muscle proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse model for FHC has been widely used to study the mechanochemical properties of mutated cardiac myosin , but mouse hearts express alpha - MHC , whereas the ventricles of larger mammals express predominantly beta - MHC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address the role of the isoform backbone on function , we generated a transgenic mouse in which the endogenous alpha - MHC was partially replaced with transgenically encoded beta - MHC or alpha - MHC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A His - tag was cloned at the N - terminus , along with R403Q , to facilitate isolation of myosin subfragment - 1 ( S1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "His", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 5]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stopped - flow kinetics were used to measure the equilibrium constants and rates of nucleotide binding and release for the mouse S1 isoforms bound to actin .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the wildtype isoforms , we found that the affinity of MgADP for alpha - S1 ( 100 mu M ) is ~ 4 - fold weaker than for beta - S1 ( 25 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Correspondingly , the MgADP release rate for alpha - S1 ( 350 s - 1 ) is ~ 3 - fold greater than for beta - S1 ( 120 s - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Introducing the R403Q mutation caused only a minor reduction in kinetics for beta - S1 , but R403Q in alpha - S1 caused the ADP release rate to increase by 20 % ( 430 s - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These transient kinetic studies on mouse cardiac myosins provide strong evidence that the functional impact of an FHC mutation on myosin depends on the isoform backbone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new isobenzofuranone from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "isobenzofuranone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( ZH58 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new isobenzofuranone , 4 - ( methoxymethyl ) - 7 - methoxy - 6 - methyl - 1 ( 3H ) - isobenzofuranone ( 1 ) , together with seven known compounds , dilation ( 2 ) , lumichrome ( 3 ) , curvulari ( 4 ) , 5 , 5 ' - oxy - dimethylene - bis ( 2 - furaldehyde ) ( 5 ) , chromone ( 6 ) , harman ( 1 - methyl - beta - carboline ) ( 7 ) , N9 - methyl - 1methyl - beta - carboline ( 8 ) , was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus , Penicillium sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "isobenzofuranone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 22]}, {"entity": "4 - ( methoxymethyl ) - 7 - methoxy - 6 - methyl - 1 ( 3H ) - isobenzofuranone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 103]}, {"entity": "dilation", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "lumichrome", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "curvulari", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "5 , 5 ' - oxy - dimethylene - bis ( 2 - furaldehyde )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 257]}, {"entity": "chromone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 274]}, {"entity": "harman ( 1 - methyl - beta - carboline )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 323]}, {"entity": "N9 - methyl - 1methyl - beta - carboline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 372]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZH58 obtained from the South China Sea coast .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against KB and KBV200 cells with IC50 values of 6 and 10 mu g / mL , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , Synthesis , and Structure - Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 3 - Alkylindole Derivatives as Selective and Highly Potent Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - Alkylindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to its production of potent antimicrobial oxidants including hypochlorous acid , human myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) plays a critical role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypochlorous acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus MPO is an attractive target in drug design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Aminoalkyl ) fluoroindole derivatives were detected to be very potent MPO inhibitors ; however , they also promote inhibition of the serotonin reuptake transporter ( SERT ) at the same concentration range .", "entity": [{"entity": "( Aminoalkyl ) fluoroindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Via structure - based drug design , a new series of MPO inhibitors derived from 3 - alkylindole were synthesized and their effects were assessed on MPO - mediated taurine chlorination and low - density lipoprotein oxidation as well as on inhibition of SERT .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - alkylindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "taurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluoroindole compound with three carbons in the side chain and one amide group exhibited a selectivity index of 35 ( Ki / IC50 ) with high inhibition of MPO activity ( IC50 = 18 nM ) , whereas its effect on SERT was in the micromolar range .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoroindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "carbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - function relationships , mechanism of action , and safety of the molecule are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sacchathridine A , a Prostaglandin Release Inhibitor from Saccharothrix sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacchathridine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sacchathridine A ( 1 ) was isolated from the fermentation broth of strain Saccharothrix sp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sacchathridine A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MI559 - 46F5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure was determined as a new naphthoquinone derivative with an acetylhydrazino moiety by a combination of NMR , MS spectral analyses , and chemical degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthoquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "acetylhydrazino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1 showed inhibitory activity of prostaglandin E2 release in a concentration - dependent manner from human synovial sarcoma cells , SW982 , with an IC50 value of 1 . 0 mu M , but had no effect on cell growth up to 30 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design and synthesis of a tetrahydroisoquinoline - based hydroxamate derivative ( ZYJ - 34v ) , an oral active histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahydroisoquinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "hydroxamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "ZYJ - 34v", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our previous study we developed a novel series of tetrahydroisoquinoline - based hydroxamic acid derivatives as histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitors ( Bioorg . Med . Chem . , 2010 , 18 , 1761 - 1772 . , J . Med . Chem . , 2011 , 54 , 2823 - 2838 . ) , among which compound ZYJ - 34c ( 1 ) was identified and validated as the most potent one with marked in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency ( J . Med . Chem . , 2011 , 54 , 5532 - 5539 . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahydroisoquinoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 75]}, {"entity": "hydroxamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "ZYJ - 34c", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein further modification of 1 afforded another oral active analogue ZYJ - 34v ( 2 ) with simplified structure and lower molecular weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZYJ - 34v", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological evaluation of compound 2 showed efficacious inhibition against HDAC1 , 2 , 3 and 6 , which was confirmed by western blot analysis results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most importantly , compound 2 exhibited similar even more potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities relative to the approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA This article is protected by copyright .", "entity": [{"entity": "SAHA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All rights reserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabolism of 2 , 2 ' , 3 , 3 ' , 6 , 6 ' - hexachlorobiphenyl ( PCB 136 ) atropisomers in tissue slices from phenobarbital or dexamethasone - induced rats is sex - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 2 ' , 3 , 3 ' , 6 , 6 ' - hexachlorobiphenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 62]}, {"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) such as PCB 136 enantioselectively sensitize the ryanodine receptor ( RyR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polychlorinated biphenyls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 32]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In light of recent evidence that PCBs cause developmental neurotoxicity via RyR - dependent mechanisms , this suggests that enantioselective PCB metabolism may influence the developmental neurotoxicity of chiral PCBs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , enantioselective disposition of PCBs has not been fully characterized .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of sex and cytochrome P450 ( P450 ) enzyme induction on the enantioselective metabolism of PCB 136 was studied using liver tissue slices prepared from na i ve control ( CTL ) , phenobarbital ( PB ; CYP2B inducer ) or dexamethasone ( DEX ; CYP3A inducer ) pretreated adult Sprague - Dawley rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 241]}, {"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PCB 136 metabolism was also examined in hippocampal slices derived from untreated rat pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In liver tissue slices , hydroxylated PCB ( OH - PCB ) profiles depended on sex and inducer pretreatment , and OH - PCB levels followed the rank orders male > female and PB > DEX > CTL .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxylated PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "OH - PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "OH - PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "DEX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the enantiomeric enrichment of PCB 136 and its metabolites was independent of sex and inducer pretreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only small amounts of PCB 136 partitioned into hippocampal tissue slices and no OH - PCB metabolites were detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCB 136", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "OH - PCB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that enantioselective metabolism , sex and induction status of P450 enzymes in the liver may modulate the neurotoxic outcomes of developmental exposure to chiral PCBs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PCBs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - Sorting Click Reactions That Generate Spatially Controlled Chemical Functionality on Surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This Article describes the generation of a patterned surface that can be postpolymerization modified to incorporate fragile macromolecules or delicate biomolecules without the need for special equipment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two monomers that undergo different click reactions , pentafluorophenyl acrylate ( PFPA ) and 4 - ( trimethylsilyl ) ethynylstyrene ( TMSES ) , were sequentially polymerized from a silicon surface in the presence of a shadowmask with UV light , generating 12 . 5 and 62 mu m pitch patterns .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentafluorophenyl acrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "PFPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "4 - ( trimethylsilyl ) ethynylstyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 131]}, {"entity": "TMSES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two different dyes , 1 - aminomethylpyrene ( AMP ) and 5 - azidofluorescein ( AF ) , were covalently attached to the polymer brushes through aminolysis and dual desilylation / copper ( I ) - catalyzed alkyne / azide cycloaddition ( CuAAC ) in one pot .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - aminomethylpyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "5 - azidofluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 75]}, {"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 188]}, {"entity": "alkyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "azide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike most CuAAC reactions , the terminal alkyne of TMSES was not deprotected prior to functionalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMSES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a 2 nm thickness increase was observed for poly ( PFPA ) brushes after polymerization of TMSES , cross - contamination was not visible through fluorescence microscopy after functionalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( PFPA )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "TMSES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Agonism of human pregnane X receptor by rilpivirine and etravirine : Comparison with first generation non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rilpivirine and etravirine are second generation non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors approved recently by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus - 1 infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnane X receptor ( PXR ) is a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of various genes controlling diverse biological functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pregnane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated the effects of rilpivirine and etravirine on the activity of human PXR ( hPXR ) , including the mode of activation , and compared them to those of efavirenz , nevirapine , and delavirdine , which are first generation non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "delavirdine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 218]}, {"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 264]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In transiently transfected HepG2 cells , rilpivirine , etravirine , and efavirenz , but not nevirapine or delavirdine , activated human , mouse , and rat PXR .", "entity": [{"entity": "rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "delavirdine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from mechanistic studies indicated that rilpivirine , etravirine , and efavirenz , but not nevirapine or delavirdine , bound to the ligand - binding domain of hPXR , as assessed by a transactivation assay and by a competitive ligand - binding assay using time - resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer ; triggered nuclear translocation of a green fluorescence protein - tagged hPXR , as visualized by confocal imaging ; and recruited steroid receptor coactivator - 1 ( SRC - 1 ) , SRC - 2 , and SRC - 3 to hPXR , as demonstrated by mammalian two - hybrid assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "delavirdine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [450, 457]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rilpivirine , etravirine , and efavirenz , but not nevirapine or delavirdine , increased hPXR target gene ( CYP3A4 ) expression in primary cultures of human hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "delavirdine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , select non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors activated human and rodent PXR .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rilpivirine , etravirine , and efavirenz , but not nevirapine or delavirdine , were identified as agonists of hPXR , as assessed in mechanistic experiments , and inducers of CYP3A4 , as determined in primary cultures of human hepatocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rilpivirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "etravirine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "delavirdine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibitory effects of gypenosides on seven human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the various possible causes for drug interactions , pharmacokinetic factors such as inhibition of drug - metabolizing enzymes , especially cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) enzymes , are regarded as the most frequent and clinically important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gypenosides is widely used as functional food and over - the - counter drug in East Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the in vitro inhibitory effects of gypenosides on the major human CYP enzymes ( CYP1A2 , CYP2B6 , CYP2C8 , CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 , CYP2D6 , and CYP3A4 ) activities in human liver microsomes were examined using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gypenosides showed the strongest inhibition of CYP2D6 , followed by CYP2C8 , CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The IC50 values were 1 . 61 mu g / mL , 20 . 06 mu g / mL , 34 . 76 mu g / mL ( CYP3A4 / midazolam ) , 46 . 73 mu g / mL ( CYP3A4 / testosterone ) , and 54 . 52 mu g / mL , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gypenosides exhibited competitive inhibition of CYP2D6 ( Ki = 1 . 18 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , Gypenosides might cause herb - drug interactions via inhibition of CYP2D6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gypenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vivo study is needed to examine this further .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel racemic tetrahydrocurcuminoid dihydropyrimidinone analogues as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahydrocurcuminoid dihydropyrimidinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of racemic tetrahydrocurcumin - ( THC - ) , tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin - ( THDC - ) and tetrahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin - ( THBDC - ) dihydropyrimidinone ( DHPM ) analogues was achieved by utilizing the multi - component Biginelli reaction in the presence of copper sulphate as a catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrahydrocurcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "THC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 85]}, {"entity": "THDC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "tetrahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 133]}, {"entity": "THBDC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 143]}, {"entity": "dihydropyrimidinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 167]}, {"entity": "DHPM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}, {"entity": "copper sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer ' s disease of these compounds showed that they exhibited higher inhibitory activity than their parent analogues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THBDC - DHPM demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1 . 34 +/- 0 . 03 mu M which was more active than the approved drug galanthamine ( IC50 = 1 . 45 +/- 0 . 04 mu M ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "THBDC - DHPM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "galanthamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design considerations for PAMAM dendrimer therapeutics .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that methotrexate ( MTX ) conjugated to a cancer - specific poly amido amine ( PAMAM ) dendrimer has a higher therapeutic index than MTX alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "poly amido amine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "PAMAM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 109]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately , these therapeutics have been difficult to advance because of the complicated syntheses and an incomplete understanding of the dendrimer properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wished to address these obstacles by using copper - free click chemistry to functionalize the dendrimer scaffolds and to exploring the effects of two dendrimer properties ( the targeting ligand and drug linkage ) on cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conjugated either ester or amide - linker modified MTX to dendrimer scaffolds with or without folic acid ( FA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of multivalency , the FA and MTX functionalized dendrimers had similar capacities to target the folate receptor on cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , we found that the ester - and amide - linker modified MTX compounds had similar cytotoxicity but the dendrimer - ester MTX conjugates were much more cytotoxic than the dendrimer - amide MTX conjugates .", "entity": [{"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results clarify the impact of these properties on therapeutic efficacy and will allow us to design more effective polymer therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A urinary metabonomics study on biochemical changes in yeast - induced pyrexia rats : a new approach to elucidating the biochemical basis of the febrile response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fever is a prominent feature of many diseases , such as infection , inflammation and trauma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the clinic , fever can be easily judged by measuring the body temperature ; however , the pathogenesis of fever is still not fully understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A febrile response is a systemic pathological process that can cause metabolic disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metabonomics can provide powerful tools to reveal the pathological mechanisms for such a systemic disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , to reveal subtle metabolic changes under the condition of fever and to explore its mechanism , an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time - of - flight mass spectrometry metabonomics approach was employed to investigate the urine biochemical characteristics of yeast - induced pyrexia rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acquired data were subjected to principal component analysis for differentiating the pyrexia rats from the control rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential biomarkers were screened by using orthogonal partial least - squares - discriminant analysis and were identified by accurate mass , database , and MS / MS fragment information obtained from the MS ( E ) technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen metabolites in rat urine were identified as potential biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative intensities of the 15 potential biomarkers were calculated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The thermoregulatory circuitry of \" endogenous pyrogen ( EP ) ^ - hypothalamus Na ( + ) / Ca ( 2 + ) - cAMP ^ \" was partially confirmed in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na ( + ) / Ca ( 2 + ) - cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggested that UPLC / MS - based metabolic profiling of rat urine identifies impaired tryptophan metabolism as the mechanism of yeast - induced fever .", "entity": [{"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This research provided informative data that the impaired tryptophan metabolism might be one of the important reasons in elucidating the biochemical basis of the febrile response .", "entity": [{"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Xiaoxuming decoction for acute ischemic stroke : A systematic review and meta - analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Xiaoxuming decoction ( XXMD ) is a well - known traditional Chinese herbal prescription in treatment of patients with stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of XXMD for acute ischemic stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : A systematic literature search was conducted in 6 databases until June 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of XXMD for acute ischemic stroke compared with western conventional medicine ( WCM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary outcome measures were National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) scores and modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) scores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary outcome measures were the clinical effective rate and adverse events at the end of treatment course .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed independently using 12 - item criteria according to the Cochrane Back Review Group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5 . 0 software .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Eight RCTs with 601 individuals published from 1992 to 2012 were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with WCM , 1 RCT showed significant effects of XXMD for improving mRS after stroke ( p < 0 . 05 ) ; 3 RCTs for improving NIHSS scores [ n = 186 , weighted mean difference ( WMD ) : - 1 . 86 , 95 % CI : - 3 . 25 to - 0 . 48 , z = 2 . 63 , p < 0 . 01 ] ; 7 RCTs for improving the clinical effective rate [ n = 531 , risk ratio ( RR ) = 1 . 17 , 95 % CI , 1 . 09 to 1 . 26 , z = 4 . 38 , p < 0 . 01 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five trials contained safety assessments and stated that no adverse event was found , whereas the other 3 trials did not provide the information about adverse events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This systematic review showed positive but weak evidence of XXMD for acute ischemic stroke because of the poor methodological quality and the small quantity of the included trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difficulties of fitting Chinese herbal medicine ( CHM ) into the double blinded RCTs have raised as follows : ( A ) traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) as whole systems of healthcare offers unique methodological and theoretical challenges for RCTs ; ( B ) suspicions against the placebo and unwillingness to stop taking other CHMs make recruitment more difficulty , time - consumption , and cost ; ( C ) the shortcomings of the TCM diagnostic process includes the lack of standardization in terminology , disagreement of pattern differentiation ( Bianzheng ) , and neglect of formula corresponding to syndrome ( TCM Zheng ) ; ( D ) It is difficult to design credible herbal placebos with similar appearance , smells and tastes to the experimental CHM and at the same time is absent of any pharmacological activity ; ( E ) the achieving efficacy of CHM complex interventions is often nonspecific and the outcome measures is subjective using Chinese quantitative instrument .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insights into mast cell functions in asthma using mouse models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutics targeting specific mechanisms of asthma have shown promising results in mouse models of asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these successes have not transferred well to the clinic or to the treatment of asthma sufferers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest a reason for this incongruity is that mast cell - dependent responses , which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both atopic and non - atopic asthma , are not a key component in most of the current asthma mouse models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two reasons for this are that wild type mice have , in contrast to humans , a negligible number of mast cells localized in the smaller airways and in the parenchyma , and that only specific protocols show mast cell - dependent reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The development of mast cell - deficient mice and the reconstitution of mast cells within these mice have opened up the possibility to generate mouse models of asthma with a marked role of mast cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mast cell - deficient mice engrafted with mast cells have a distribution of mast cells more similar to humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article we review and highlight the mast cell - dependent and - independent responses with respect to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma models using mast cell - deficient and mast cell - engrafted mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanoidins isolated from heated potato fiber ( Potex ) affect human colon cancer cells growth via modulation of cell cycle and proliferation regulatory proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Melanoidins are brown , nitrogen containing , high molecular weight end products of Maillard reaction with poorly established activity towards tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of present study was to verify whether both heated potato fiber Potex extract ( 180 degrees C for 2h ) and melanoidins isolated from the extract exerts growth - inhibiting activity in human colon cancer cells in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cells of LS180 colon cancer cell line were tested upon treatment with roasted potato fiber extract ( AM4 ) as well as with high ( HMW ) and low ( LMW ) molecular weight fractions isolated from the extract , since both may be regarded as / or contain melanoidins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tested compounds at concentration of 1000 mu g / ml reduced cell growth down to 45 % , 69 % and 54 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , deregulated ERK1 / 2 signaling was revealed upon treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , multiple alternations in cell cycle regulators activity were found ( i . e . cyclinD1 , cyclin - dependent kinase 4 and 6 , p21 , p27 , p53 , pRb ) leading to cell cycle cessation in G0 phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , LMW compounds revealed markedly stronger potential to alter specific molecular targets comparing to HMW compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Summarizing , the results emphasize that both high and low molecular weight melanoidins contribute to antiproliferative activity of heated potato fiber in LS180 colon cancer cells in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short - term heating reduces the anti - inflammatory effects of fresh raw garlic extracts on the LPS - induced production of NO and pro - inflammatory cytokines by downregulating allicin activity in RAW 264 . 7 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "allicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Garlic has a variety of biologic activities , including anti - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although garlic has several biologic activities , some people dislike eating fresh raw garlic because of its strong taste and smell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , garlic formulations involving heating procedures have been developed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated whether short - term heating affects the anti - inflammatory properties of garlic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fresh and heated raw garlic extracts ( FRGE and HRGE ) were prepared with incubation at 25 degrees C and 95 degrees C , respectively , for 2h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with FRGE and HRGE significantly reduced the LPS - induced increase in the pro - inflammatory cytokine concentration ( TNF - alpha , IL - 1 beta , and IL - 6 ) and NO through HO - 1 upregulation in RAW 264 . 7 macrophages .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - inflammatory effect was greater in FRGE than in HRGE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The allicin concentration was higher in FRGE than in HRGE .", "entity": [{"entity": "allicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allicin treatment showed reduced production of pro - inflammatory cytokines and NO and increased HO - 1 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Allicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that the decrease in LPS - induced NO and pro - inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264 . 7 macrophages through HO - 1 induction was greater for FRGE compared with HRGE .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the results indicate that allicin is responsible for the anti - inflammatory effect of FRGE .", "entity": [{"entity": "allicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest a potential therapeutic use of allicin in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "allicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motor neuron dysfunction in a mouse model of ALS : Gender - dependent effect of P2X7 antagonism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) is a neurodegenerative progressive currently untreatable disease , characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration ; the incidence and prevalence of ALS are greater in men than in women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although some important mechanisms that might contribute to the death of motor neurons have been identified , the mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology are still uncertain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the mechanisms underlying the role of gender in ALS and whether treatments should take into account sexual dimorphism remain only partially understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the P2X7 receptor for ATP was reported to display neurotoxic potential in motor neuron disorders , and antagonism of the receptor has been suggested to be helpful in these disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studying transgenic mice with superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations , widely used as model for ALS , may provide a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and of toxicity towards motor neurons , also possibly helping to understand whether treatments for ALS should take into account sexual dimorphism .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the work was ( 1 ) investigating on gender - dependence of disease progression in the standard model for ALS - the transgenic mouse bearing superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations - and ( 2 ) assessing if a P2X7 receptor antagonist treatment should take into account sexual dimorphism .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated if gender affect the disease course , the motor performance , the weight loss and the lifespan in mice overexpressing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured motor impairment , motor strength and coordination by rotarod and grip strength testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , we assessed if a treatment with the P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G - a dye that can cross the blood - brain barrier , has low toxicity , and has exhibited therapeutic effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases - impact on the disease progression , in male and female ALS mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brilliant Blue G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that ( 1 ) the onset and the disease progression , and the survival were dependent on gender : male performed worst than female , lost body weight and died before ; ( 2 ) treatment with the P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G ameliorated the disease progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brilliant Blue G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment effect was gender - dependent : amelioration was greater in male than in female .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusions , we suggest that not only pathogenetic mechanism of motor neuron toxicity but also the drug treatment effectiveness may depend on gender ; sexual dimorphism should be considered when investigating on ALS treatment efficacy in the ALS animal model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings also point on the potential relevance of P2X7 receptor antagonism for ALS treatment , and highlight the importance of adopting a sex - specific approach to searching for treatment of ALS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin - induced inflammatory activation is mediated by intracellular free calcium in microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 47]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( TCDD ) has been known to induce inflammatory signaling in a number of cell types and tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 47]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the adverse effects of TCDD on the central nervous system ( CNS ) have not been entirely elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , using reverse transcriptase PCR ( RT - PCR ) and ELISA , we showed that TCDD up - regulated the expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) in a time - dependent manner in cultured HAPI microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCDD also caused a fast ( within 30min as judged by the increase in its mRNA level ) activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 ( cPLA2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This initial action was accompanied by up - regulation of cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) , an important inflammation marker within 1h after TCDD treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These pro - inflammatory responses were inhibited by two types of Ca ( 2 + ) blockers , bis - ( o - aminophenoxy ) ethane - N , N , N ' , N ' - tetra - acetic acid acetoxymethyl ester ( BAPTA - AM ) and nifedipine , thus , indicating that the effects are triggered by initial increase in the intracellular concentration of free Ca ( 2 + ) ( [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "bis - ( o - aminophenoxy ) ethane - N , N , N ' , N ' - tetra - acetic acid acetoxymethyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 183]}, {"entity": "BAPTA - AM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 213]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [328, 338]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [343, 353]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , TCDD exposure could induce phosphorylation - and ubiquitination - dependent degradation of I k B alpha , and the translocation of NF - kappa B p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus in this microglial cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the NF - kappa B signaling pathway can be activated after TCDD treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , Ca ( 2 + ) blockers also obviously attenuated NF - kappa B activation and transnuclear transport induced by TCDD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In concert with these results , we highlighted that the secretion of pro - inflammatory cytokine and NF - kappa B activation induced by TCDD can be mediated by elevation of [ Ca ( 2 + ) ] i in HAPI microglial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extract from Mimosa pigra attenuates chronic experimental pulmonary hypertension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Different parts of Mimosa pigra ( MPG ) are used in traditional medicine in Madagascar , tropical Africa , South America and Indonesia for various troubles including cardiovascular disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : To investigate the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of MPG by assessing in vitro its antioxidant and anti - inflammatory properties , and its vascular relaxing effects , and in vivo , its action on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension ( PAH ) in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS : The antioxidant activity of MPG leaf hydromethanolic extract was determined by using both the 1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity in vitro assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 154]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - inflammatory properties were assayed on TNF alpha - induced VCAM - 1 expression in endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vasorelaxant effect of MPG extract was studied on rat arterial rings pre - contracted with phenylephrine ( 1 mu M ) in the presence or absence of the endothelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo MPG extract effects were analyzed in chronic hypoxic PAH , obtained by housing male Wistar rats , orally treated or not with MPG extract ( 400mg / kg / d ) , in a hypobaric chamber for 21 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : MPG leaf extract had antioxidant and anti - inflammatory properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It induced endothelium - dependent , NO - mediated relaxation of rat aorta and pulmonary artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo , chronic MPG treatment reduced hypoxic PAH in rat by decreasing by 22 . 3 % the pulmonary arterial pressure and by 20 . 0 % and 23 . 9 % the pulmonary artery and cardiac remodelling , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was associated with a restoration of endothelium function and a 2 . 3 - fold increase in endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MPG leaf hydromethanolic extract contained tryptophan and flavonoids , including quercetin glycosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "tryptophan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "quercetin glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both compounds also efficiently limit hypoxia - induced PAH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our results show endothelial protective action of MPG leaf hydromethanolic extract which is likely to be due to its antioxidant action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MPG successfully attenuated the development of PAH , thus demonstrating the protective effect of MPG on cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ATP required for potentiation of skeletal muscle contraction is released via pannexin hemichannels .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During repetitive stimulation of skeletal muscle , extracellular ATP levels raise , activating purinergic receptors , increasing Ca ( 2 + ) influx , and enhancing contractile force , a response called potentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that ATP appears to be released through pannexin1 hemichannels ( Panx1 HCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunocytochemical analyses and function were consistent with pannexin1 localization to T - tubules intercalated with dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors in slow ( soleus ) and fast ( extensor digitorum longus , EDL ) muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 133]}, {"entity": "ryanodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isolated myofibers took up ethidium ( Etd ( + ) ) and released small molecules ( as ATP ) during electrical stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethidium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "Etd ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with two glucose uptake pathways , induced uptake of 2 - NBDG , a fluorescent glucose derivative , was decreased by inhibition of HCs or glucose transporter ( GLUT4 ) , and blocked by dual blockade .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "2 - NBDG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult skeletal muscles apparently do not express connexins , making it unlikely that connexin hemichannels contribute to the uptake and release of small molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP release , Etd ( + ) uptake , and potentiation induced by repetitive electrical stimulation were blocked by HC blockers and did not occur in muscles of pannexin1 knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Etd ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRS2179 , a P2Y1R blocker , prevented potentiation in EDL , but not soleus muscles , suggesting that in fast muscles ATP activates P2Y1 but not P2X receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation on Ser and Thr residues of pannexin1 was increased during potentiation , possibly mediating HC opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ser", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "Thr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opening of Panx1 HCs during repetitive activation allows efflux of ATP , influx of glucose and possibly Ca ( 2 + ) too , which are required for potentiation of contraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic deletion of the adenosine A2A receptor prevents nicotine - induced upregulation of alpha 7 , but not alpha 4 beta 2 * nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable evidence indicates that adenosine A2A receptors ( A2ARs ) modulate cholinergic neurotransmission , nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) function , and nicotine - induced behavioural effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the interaction between A2A and nAChRs , we examined if the complete genetic deletion of adenosine A2ARs in mice induces compensatory alterations in the binding of different nAChR subtypes , and whether the long - term effects of nicotine on nAChR regulation are altered in the absence of the A2AR gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative autoradiography was used to measure cytisine - sensitive [ ( 125 ) I ] epibatidine and [ ( 125 ) I ] alpha - bungarotoxin binding to alpha 4 beta 2 * and alpha 7 nAChRs , respectively , in brain sections of drug - na i ve ( n = 6 ) or nicotine treated ( n = 5 - 7 ) , wild - type and adenosine A2AR knockout mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cytisine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "[ ( 125 ) I ] epibatidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 95]}, {"entity": "( 125 ) I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 256]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saline or nicotine ( 7 . 8 mg / kg / day ; free - base weight ) were administered to male CD1 mice via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for a period of 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine were measured at the end of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "cotinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no compensatory developmental alterations in nAChR subtype distribution or density in drug - na i ve A2AR knockout mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nicotine treated wild - type mice , both alpha 4 beta 2 * and alpha 7 nAChR binding sites were increased compared with saline treated controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genetic ablation of adenosine A2ARs prevented nicotine - induced upregulation of alpha 7 nAChRs , without affecting alpha 4 beta 2 * receptor upregulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This selective effect was observed at plasma levels of nicotine that were within the range reported for smokers ( 10 - 50 ng ml ( - 1 ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data highlight the involvement of adenosine A2ARs in the mechanisms of nicotine - induced alpha 7 nAChR upregulation , and identify A2ARs as novel pharmacological targets for modulating the long - term effects of nicotine on alpha 7 receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profiling the venom gland transcriptome of Tetramorium bicarinatum ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) : The first transcriptome analysis of an ant species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing a range of bioactive elements with potential pharmacological and therapeutic use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even though ants account among the most diverse zoological group , little information is available regarding their venom composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To initiate the characterization of the transcriptomic venom gland expression of the ant species Tetramorium bicarinatum , 400 randomly selected clones from cDNA library were sequenced and a total of 364 high quality expressed sequence tags ( ESTs ) were generated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the results of BLAST searches , these sequences were clustered and assembled into 83 contigs ( 22 multiple sequences ) and 61 singletons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 74 % ( 267 ) of the contigs matched BLASTx hits with an interesting diversity together with an unusual abundance of cellular transcripts related to gene expression regulation ( 29 % of the total library ) reflecting the specialization of this tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About eighteen per cent of the ESTs were categorized as Hymenoptera venom compounds , the major part represented by allergens ( 62 % of the total venom compounds ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a high number of sequences ( 26 % ) had no similarity to any known sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides a first insight of the gene expression scenario of the venom gland of T . bicarinatum which might contribute to acquiring a more comprehensive view on the origin and functional diversity of venom proteins among ants and more broadly among Hymenopteran insects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous determination of methanol , acetaldehyde , acetone , and ethanol in human blood by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Methanol , acetaldehyde , acetone , and ethanol , which are commonly used as biomarkers of several diseases , in acute intoxications , and forensic settings , can be detected and quantified in biological fluids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas chromatography ( GC ) - mass spectrometry techniques are complex , require highly trained personnel and expensive materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas chromatographic determinations of ethanol , methanol , and acetone have been reported in one study with suboptimal accuracy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective was to improve the assessment of these compounds in human blood using GC with flame ionization detection . Methods : An amount of 50 micro l of blood was diluted with 300 micro l of sterile water , 40 micro l of 10 % sodium tungstate , and 20 micro l of 1 % sulphuric acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium tungstate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 247]}, {"entity": "sulphuric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After centrifugation , 1 micro l of the supernatant was inje - cted into the gas chromatograph .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a dimethylpolysiloxane capillary column of 30 m 0 . 25 mm 0 . 25 micro m . Results : We observed linear correlations from 7 . 5 to 240 mg / l for methanol , acetaldehyde , and acetone and from 75 to 2400 mg / l for ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethylpolysiloxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Precision at concentrations 15 , 60 , and 120 mg / l for methanol , acetaldehyde , and acetone and 150 , 600 , and 1200 mg / ml for ethanol were 0 . 8 - 6 . 9 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ranges of accuracy were 94 . 7 - 98 . 9 % for methanol , 91 . 2 - 97 . 4 % for acetaldehyde , 96 . 1 - 98 . 7 % for acetone , and 105 . 5 - 111 . 6 % for ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits of detection were 0 . 80 mg / l for methanol , 0 . 61 mg / l for acetaldehyde , 0 . 58 mg / l for acetone , and 0 . 53 mg / l for ethanol . Conclusion : This method is suitable for routine clinical and forensic practices .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "acetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progression rates from HbA1c 6 . 0 - 6 . 4 % and other prediabetes definitions to type 2 diabetes : a meta - analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS / HYPOTHESIS : Precise estimates of progression rates from ' prediabetes ' to type 2 diabetes are needed to optimise prevention strategies for high - risk individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is acceptance of prediabetes defined by impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) and impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) , but there is some controversy surrounding HbA1c - defined prediabetes ranges , with some favouring 6 . 0 - 6 . 4 % ( 42 - 46 mmol / mol ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing progression rates between groups might aid this issue , thus we aimed to accurately estimate progression rates to diabetes from different prediabetes categories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Meta - analysis of prospective observational studies in which participants had prediabetes at baseline ( ADA - defined IFG [ 5 . 6 - 6 . 9 mmol / l ] , WHO - defined IFG [ 6 . 1 - 6 . 9 mmol / l ] , IGT ( 7 . 8 - 11 . 0 mmol / l ) or raised HbA1c [ 6 . 0 - 6 . 4 % / 42 - 46 mmol / mol ] ) and were followed up for incident diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence rates were combined using Bayesian random effects models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Overall , 70 studies met the inclusion criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the six studies that used raised HbA1c , the pooled incidence rate ( 95 % credible interval ) of diabetes was 35 . 6 ( 15 . 1 , 83 . 0 ) per 1 , 000 person - years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This rate was most similar to that for ADA - defined IFG ( 11 studies ; 35 . 5 [ 26 . 6 , 48 . 0 ] ) and was non - significantly lower than WHO - defined IFG ( 34 studies ; 47 . 4 [ 37 . 4 , 59 . 8 ] ) , IGT ( 46 studies , 45 . 5 [ 37 . 8 , 54 . 5 ] ) and IFG plus IGT ( 15 studies , 70 . 4 [ 53 . 8 , 89 . 7 ] ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were seen when the data were analysed by the criteria used to diagnose diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS / INTERPRETATION : This study provides evidence that progression rates differ by prediabetes definition , which has implications for the planning and implementation of diabetes prevention programmes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HbA1c 6 . 0 - 6 . 4 % might identify people at a lower diabetes risk than other prediabetes definitions , but further research is needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibacterial oxazolidinone analogues having a N - hydroxyacetyl - substituted seven - membered [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] triazepane or [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] oxadiazepane C - ring unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxazolidinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "N - hydroxyacetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "[ 1 , 2 , 5 ] triazepane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 120]}, {"entity": "[ 1 , 2 , 5 ] oxadiazepane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 150]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We synthesized a series of oxazolidinone analogues bearing a N - hydroxyacetyl - substituted [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] triazepane or [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] oxadiazepane C - ring unit as homologues of an earlier drug candidate , eperezolid .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxazolidinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "N - hydroxyacetyl - substituted [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] triazepane or [ 1 , 2 , 5 ] oxadiazepane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 147]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 149]}, {"entity": "eperezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of these compounds exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activities towards not only Gram - positive , but also Gram - negative and linezolid - resistant pathogens .", "entity": [{"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 21a and 21b , bearing a thiocarbamate side chain , showed high in vivo activity against methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR3637 , together with a promising safety profile in terms of weak inhibition of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isozymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiocarbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteasomal cleavage site prediction of protein antigen using BP neural network based on a new set of amino acid descriptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accurate identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes is becoming increasingly important in peptide vaccine design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ubiquitin - proteasome system plays a key role in processing and presenting major histocompatibility complex class I restricted epitopes by degrading the antigenic protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To enhance the specificity and efficiency of epitope prediction and identification , the recognition mode between the ubiquitin - proteasome complex and the protein antigen must be considered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , a model that accurately predicts proteasomal cleavage must be established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study proposes a new set of parameters to characterize the cleavage window and uses a backpropagation neural network algorithm to build a model that accurately predicts proteasomal cleavage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy of the prediction model , which depends on the window sizes of the cleavage , reaches 95 . 454 % for the N - terminus and 95 . 011 % for the C - terminus .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 119]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results show that the identification of proteasomal cleavage sites depends on the sequence next to it and that the prediction performance of the C - terminus is better than that of the N - terminus on average .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 150]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , models based on the properties of amino acids can be highly reliable and reflect the structural features of interactions between proteasomes and peptide sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of Dietary Factors on the Pharmacokinetics of ( 58 ) Fe - labeled Hemin After Oral Administration in Normal Rats and the Iron - deficient Rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 58 ) Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "Hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemin , iron ( III ) protoporphyrin chloride ( IX ) , as a stable form of heme iron , has been used in iron absorption studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "iron ( III ) protoporphyrin chloride ( IX )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 51]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to elucidate the influences of body iron status and three dietary factors ( green tea extract , ascorbic acid , and calcium ) on the pharmacokinetics of hemin using stable isotope labeling methods followed by ICP - MS measurement .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 73]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 142]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a rapid , sensitive , and specific ICP - MS method for the determination of ( 58 ) Fe originating from hemin in rat plasma was developed and a rat model of iron deficiency anemia was established .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 58 ) Fe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that hemin iron absorption increased significantly under iron deficiency anemia status , with AUC0 - t and AUC0 - infinity showing significant increase in anemic rats compared to normal ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Green tea extract strongly inhibited hemin iron absorption in both normal rats and iron - deficient rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal rats administered with green tea extract , C max resulted significantly reduced , whereas in anemic rats administered with green tea extract both AUC0 - t and AUC0 - infinity were reduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , ascorbic acid significantly affected hemin iron absorption only in iron - deficient rats , in which C max showed a significant increase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , calcium slowed down the hemin iron absorption rate in normal rats , MRT0 - t being significantly different in calcium - treated animals compared to untreated ones .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This trend also appeared in the iron - deficient group but it did not reach statistical significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that the mechanism of hemin iron absorption is regulated by body iron status and dietary factors can influence hemin iron absorption to varying degrees .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "hemin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , these results may also have general implication in the iron deficiency treatment with iron supplements and fortification of foods .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biocatalytic and structural properties of a highly engineered halohydrin dehalogenase .", "entity": [{"entity": "halohydrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two highly engineered halohydrin dehalogenase variants were characterized in terms of their performance in dehalogenation and epoxide cyanolysis reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "halohydrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "epoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both enzyme variants outperformed the wild - type enzyme in the cyanolysis of ethyl ( S ) - 3 , 4 - epoxybutyrate , a conversion yielding ethyl ( R ) - 4 - cyano - 3 - hydroxybutyrate , an important chiral building block for statin synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl ( S ) - 3 , 4 - epoxybutyrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 113]}, {"entity": "ethyl ( R ) - 4 - cyano - 3 - hydroxybutyrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the enzyme variants , HheC2360 , displayed catalytic rates for this cyanolysis reaction enhanced up to tenfold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the enantioselectivity of this variant was the opposite of that of the wild - type enzyme , both for dehalogenation and for cyanolysis reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 37 - fold mutant HheC2360 showed an increase in thermal stability of 8 degrees C relative to the wild - type enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal structures of this enzyme were elucidated with chloride and ethyl ( S ) - 3 , 4 - epoxybutyrate or with ethyl ( R ) - 4 - cyano - 3 - hydroxybutyrate bound in the active site .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "ethyl ( S ) - 3 , 4 - epoxybutyrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 103]}, {"entity": "ethyl ( R ) - 4 - cyano - 3 - hydroxybutyrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed increase in temperature stability was explained in terms of a substantial increase in buried surface area relative to the wild - type HheC , together with enhanced interfacial interactions between the subunits that form the tetramer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures also revealed that the substrate binding pocket was modified both by substitutions and by backbone movements in loops surrounding the active site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed changes in the mutant structures are partly governed by coupled mutations , some of which are necessary to remove steric clashes or to allow backbone movements to occur .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The importance of interactions between substitutions suggests that efficient directed evolution strategies should allow for compensating and synergistic mutations during library design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA global alignment in the joint sequence - structure space using elastic shape analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functions of RNAs , like proteins , are determined by their structures , which , in turn , are determined by their sequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison / alignment of RNA molecules provides an effective means to predict their functions and understand their evolutionary relationships .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For RNA sequence alignment , most methods developed for protein and DNA sequence alignment can be directly applied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA 3 - dimensional structure alignment , on the other hand , tends to be more difficult than protein structure alignment due to the lack of regular secondary structures as observed in proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the existing RNA 3D structure alignment methods use only the backbone geometry and ignore the sequence information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using both the sequence and backbone geometry information in RNA alignment may not only produce more accurate classification , but also deepen our understanding of the sequence - structure - function relationship of RNA molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we developed a new RNA alignment method based on elastic shape analysis ( ESA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ESA treats RNA structures as three dimensional curves with sequence information encoded on additional dimensions so that the alignment can be performed in the joint sequence - structure space .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The similarity between two RNA molecules is quantified by a formal distance , geodesic distance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on ESA , a rigorous mathematical framework can be built for RNA structure comparison .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Means and covariances of full structures can be defined and computed , and probability distributions on spaces of such structures can be constructed for a group of RNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our method was further applied to predict functions of RNA molecules and showed superior performance compared with previous methods when tested on benchmark datasets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The programs are available at http : / / stat . fsu . edu / ~ jinfeng / ESA . html .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fine Tuning of the Structure of Pt - Cu Alloy Nanocrystals by Glycine - Mediated Sequential Reduction Kinetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt - Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "Glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uniform Pt - Cu alloy nanocrystals in the shape of dendrite , , yolk - cage , and box structures are prepared via a facile wet - chemical reduction route in which glycine is demonstrated to alter the reduction kinetics of metal cations , critical to the morphology of the obtained product .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pt - Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These alloy nanocrystals exhibit superior specific activity and stability in the electro - oxidation of methanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between serum thyrotropin levels and intrarenal hemodynamic parameters in euthyroid subjects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Low thyroid function may be associated with a reduced glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) calculated on the basis of creatinine metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid hormone directly affects serum creatinine in muscle and low thyroid function might exert a similar direct effect in the kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thyroid hormone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of the study was to evaluate this possibility by assessment of the inulin - based GFR and to examine the mechanism underlying the reduction of GFR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : Renal and glomerular hemodynamics were assessed by simultaneous measurements of plasma clearance of para - aminohippurate ( CPAH ) and inulin ( Cin ) in 26 patients with serum creatinine < 1 . 00 mg / dl and without thyroid disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "para - aminohippurate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 144]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All subjects were normotensive with or without antihypertensive treatment and were kept in a sodium - replete state .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal and glomerular hemodynamics were calculated using Gomez ` s formulae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Serum thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) , including within the normal range ( 0 . 69 - 4 . 30 mu IU / ml ) , was positively correlated with vascular resistance at the afferent arteriole ( Ra ) ( r = 0 . 609 , p = 0 . 0010 ) , but not at the efferent arteriole ( Re ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum TSH was significantly and negatively correlated with renal plasma flow ( RPF ) , renal blood flow ( RBF ) , and glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) ( r = - 0 . 456 , p = 0 . 0192 ; r = - 0 . 438 , p = 0 . 0252 ; r = - 0 . 505 , p = 0 . 0086 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In multiple regression analysis , serum TSH was significantly positively associated with Ra after adjustment for age and mean blood pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings suggest that low thyroid function , even within the normal range , is associated with reduced RPF , RBF and GFR , which might be caused by a preferential increase of Ra .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deformation of an elastic capsule in a rectangular microfluidic channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we investigate computationally the deformation of an elastic capsule in a rectangular microfluidic channel and compare it with that of a droplet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to the bullet or parachute shape in a square or cylindrical channel where the capsule extends along the flow direction , in a rectangular channel the capsule extends mainly along the less - confined lateral direction of the channel cross - section ( i . e . the channel width ) , obtaining a pebble - like shape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The different shape evolution in these two types of solid channels results from the different tension development on the capsule membrane required for interfacial stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , in asymmetric channel flows , capsules show a different deformation compared to droplets with constant surface tension ( which extend mainly along the flow direction ) and to vesicles which extend along the more - confined channel height .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our study highlights the different stability dynamics associated with these three types of interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that the erythrocyte deformation in asymmetric vessels ( which is similar to that of capsules ) results from the erythrocyte ' s inner spectrin skeleton rather than from its outer lipid bilayer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular - Beam Optical Stark and Zeeman Study of the [ 17 . 8 ] 0 ( + ) - X ( 1 ) Sigma ( + ) ( 0 , 0 ) Band System of AuF .", "entity": [{"entity": "AuF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The [ 17 . 8 ] 0 ( + ) - X ( 1 ) Sigma ( + ) ( 0 , 0 ) band of gold monofluoride , AuF , has been recorded at a resolution of 40 MHz both field free and in the presence of a static electric and magnetic field .", "entity": [{"entity": "gold monofluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "AuF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed Stark shifts were analyzed to determine the permanent electric dipole moment , mu el , of 2 . 03 +/- 0 . 05 D and 4 . 13 +/- 0 . 02 D , for the [ 17 . 8 ] 0 ( + ) ( v = 0 ) and X ( 1 ) Sigma ( + ) ( v = 0 ) states , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The small magnetic tuning observed for the [ 17 . 8 ] 0 ( + ) ( v = 0 ) state is attributed to rotational and magnetic field mixing with the [ 17 . 7 ] 1 state and has been successfully modeled using an effective Hamiltonian for the ( 3 ) Pi state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison with the numerous published theoretical predictions is made .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic and Electronic Transport Properties of DNA Translocation through Graphene Nanopores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graphene layers have been targeted in the last years as excellent host materials for sensing a remarkable variety of gases and molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such sensing abilities can also benefit other important scientific fields such as medicine and biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has automatically led scientists to probe graphene as a potential platform for sequencing DNA strands .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we use robust numerical tools to model the dynamic and electronic properties of molecular sensor devices composed of a graphene nanopore through which DNA molecules are driven by external electric fields .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed molecular dynamic simulations to determine the relation between the intensity of the electric field and the translocation time spent by the DNA to pass through the pore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results reveal that one can have extra control on the DNA passage when four additional graphene layers are deposited on the top of the main graphene platform containing the pore in a 2 x 2 grid arrangement .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the dynamic analysis , we carried electronic transport calculations on realistic pore structures with diameters reaching nanometer scales .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transmission obtained along the graphene sensor at the Fermi level is affected by the presence of the DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is rather hard to distinguish the respective nucleobases .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleobases", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This scenario can be significantly altered when the transport is conducted away from the Fermi level of the graphene platform .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under an energy shift , we observed that the graphene pore manifests selectiveness toward DNA nucleobases .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "nucleobases", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tail wagging the dog - regulation of lipid metabolism by protein kinase C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon their discovery almost 40 years ago , isoforms of the lipid - activated protein kinase C ( PKC ) family were initially regarded only as downstream effectors of the second messengers calcium and diacylglycerol , undergoing activation upon phospholipid hydrolysis in response to acute stimuli .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , several isoforms were found to be associated with the inhibitory effects of lipid over - supply on glucose homeostasis , especially the negative cross - talk with insulin signal transduction , observed upon accumulation of diacylglycerol in insulin target tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "diacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PKC family has therefore attracted much attention in diabetes and obesity research , because intracellular lipid accumulation is strongly correlated with defective insulin action and the development of type 2 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Causal roles for various isoforms in the generation of insulin resistance have more recently been confirmed using PKC - deficient mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , during characterization of these animals , it became increasingly evident that the enzymes play key roles in the modulation of lipid metabolism itself , and may control the supply of lipids between tissues such as adipose and liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular studies have also demonstrated roles for PKC isoforms in several aspects of lipid metabolism , such as adipocyte differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the precise mechanisms involved , especially the identities of protein substrates , are still unclear , the emerging picture suggests that the currently held view of the contribution of PKC isoforms to metabolism is an over - simplification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although PKCs may inhibit insulin signal transduction , these enzymes are not merely downstream effectors of lipid accumulation , but in fact control the fate of fatty acids , thus the tail wags the dog .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kappa - opioid receptor - selective dicarboxylic ester - derived salvinorin A ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "dicarboxylic ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salvinorin A , the active ingredient of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum is the most potent known naturally occurring hallucinogen and is a selective kappa - opioid receptor agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To better understand the ligand - receptor interactions , a series of dicarboxylic ester - type of salvinorin A derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinity at kappa - , delta - and mu - opioid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "dicarboxylic ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "salvinorin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most of the analogues show high affinity to the kappa - opioid receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methyl malonyl derivative 4 shows the highest binding affinity ( Ki = 2nM ) , analogues 5 , 7 , and 14 exhibit significant affinity for the kappa - receptor ( Ki = 21 , 36 and 39nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methyl malonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute and chronic interference with BDNF / TrkB - signaling impair LTP selectively at mossy fiber synapses in the CA3 region of mouse hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) signaling via TrkB crucially regulates synaptic plasticity in the brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although BDNF is abundant at hippocampal mossy fiber ( MF ) synapses , which critically contribute to hippocampus dependent memory , its role in MF synaptic plasticity ( long - term potentiation , LTP ) remained largely unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using field potential recordings in CA3 of adult heterozygous BDNF knockout ( ko , BDNF + / - ) mice we observed impaired ( ~ 50 % ) NMDAR - independent MF - LTP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to MF synapses , LTP at neighboring associative / commissural ( A / C ) fiber synapses remained unaffected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To exclude that impaired MF - LTP in BDNF + / - mice was due to developmental changes in response to chronically reduced BDNF levels , and to prove the importance of acute availability of BDNF in MF - LTP , we also tested effects of acute interference with BDNF / TrkB signaling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of TrkB tyrosine kinase signaling with k252a , or with the selective BDNF scavenger TrkB - Fc , both inhibited MF - LTP to the same extent as observed in BDNF + / - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal synaptic transmission , short - term plasticity , and synaptic fatigue during LTP induction were not significantly altered by treatment with k252a or TrkB - Fc , or by chronic BDNF reduction in BDNF + / - mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since the acute interference with BDNF - signaling did not completely block MF - LTP , our results provide evidence that an additional mechanism besides BDNF induced TrkB signaling contributes to this type of LTP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results prove for the first time a mechanistic action of acute BDNF / TrkB signaling in presynaptic expression of MF - LTP in adult hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetics of diabetes - Are we missing the genes or the disease ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long - term damage , dysfunction , and failure of different organs , especially the eyes , kidneys , nerves , heart , and blood vessels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These range from autoimmune destruction of the beta - cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action ( American Diabetes Association , 2011 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The vast majority of cases of diabetes fall into two broad categories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In type 1 diabetes ( T1D ) , the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion , whereas in type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) , the cause is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the subdivision into two main categories represents a simplification of the real situation , and research during the recent years has shown that the disease is much more heterogeneous than a simple subdivision into two major subtypes assumes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Worldwide prevalence figures estimate that there are 280 million diabetic patients in 2011 and more than 500 million in 2030 ( http : / / www . diabetesatlas . org / ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Europe , about 6 - 8 % of the population suffer from diabetes , of them about 90 % has T2D and 10 % T1D , thereby making T2D to the fastest increasing disease in Europe and worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This epidemic has been ascribed to a collision between the genes and the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While our knowledge about the genes is clearly better for T1D than for T2D given the strong contribution of variation in the HLA region to the risk of T1D , the opposite is the case for T2D , where our knowledge about the environmental triggers ( obesity , lack of exercise ) is much better than the understanding of the underlying genetic causes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This lack of knowledge about the underlying genetic causes of diabetes is often referred to as missing heritability ( Manolio et al . , 2009 ) which exceeds 80 % for T2D but less than 25 % for T1D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the following review , we will discuss potential sources of this missing heritability which also includes the possibility that our definition of diabetes and its subgroups is imprecise and thereby making the identification of genetic causes difficult .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - activity relationships of hybrid annonaceous acetogenins : Powerful growth inhibitory effects of their connecting groups between heterocycle and hydrophobic carbon chain bearing THF ring on human cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "annonaceous acetogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 68]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 175]}, {"entity": "THF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five novel hybrid molecules of annonaceous acetogenins and insecticides targeting mitochondrial complex I were synthesized and their growth inhibitory activities against 39 human cancer cell lines were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "annonaceous acetogenins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was revealed that the connecting group between the N - methylpyrazole part and the hydrophobic alkyl chain bearing the THF ring influenced their biological activities significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methylpyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 72]}, {"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 103]}, {"entity": "THF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amide - connected analog 2 , in particular , showed selective and very potent activity ( < 10 nM ) against some cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence and natural history of Graves ' orbitopathy in the XXI century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Graves ' orbitopathy ( GO ) is an autoimmune disorder and the main extrathyroidal expression of Graves ' disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a spectrum of ocular involvement in Graves ' disease , from complete absence of symptoms and signs to sight - threatening conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of GO varies in different published series of Graves ' patients , due to confounding factors ( new diagnosis vs . long - lasting disease , way of defining and assessing ocular involvement , treatment of hyperthyroidism with potentially GO - modifying treatments , such as radioiodine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies , however , suggest that most Graves ' patients have mild or no GO at presentation , while moderate - to - severe GO is rare , and sight - threatening GO ( mostly due to dysthyroid optic neuropathy ) is exceptional in non - tertiary referral centers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The natural course of GO is incompletely defined , particularly in patients with moderate - to12 severe GO , because these patients require prompt and disease - modifying therapies for orbital disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with mild GO at presentation , progression to severe forms is rare , while partial or complete remission is frequent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progression of preexisting GO or de novo occurrence of GO is more likely in smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There seems to be a trend towards a decline in progression of GO , possibly due to a better control of risk factors ( cigarette smoking , thyroid dysfunction , etc . ) and a closer interaction between endocrinologists and ophthalmologists allowing an improved integrated management of thyroid and orbital disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiulcer and gastric antisecretory effects of dichloromethane fraction and piplartine obtained from fruits of Piper tuberculatum Jacq . in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Piper tuberculatum Jacq .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Piperaceae ) is medicinally used as an analgesic and as a treatment for gastric complaints .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the current study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective and antisecretory properties of the dichloromethane fraction of the fruit of Piper tuberculatum ( DFPT ) and piplartine , a compound isolated from the DFPT , in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 118]}, {"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Gastric ulcers were induced in fasted rats by oral administration of absolute ethanol and then mucus content and glutathione ( GSH ) levels were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms underlying the antisecretory action were studied through gastric H ( + ) , K ( + ) - ATPase activity of highly purified rabbit gastric microsomes and pylorus ligature method in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In the acute toxicity test the values of estimated LD50 for oral and intraperitoneal administration of DFPT were 1 . 6266 and 0 . 2684g / kg , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DFPT ( ED50 = 29mg / kg , p . o . ) and piplartine ( 4 . 5mg / kg , p . o . ) promoted gastroprotection against acute lesions induced by ethanol , effect that could be related with the maintenance of GSH levels in the gastric mucosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only DFPT stimulated gastric mucus secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro , the DFPT and piplartine inhibited the H ( + ) , K ( + ) - ATPase activity and , in vivo DFPT and piplartine also reduced basal gastric acid secretion , as well as that stimulated by pentagastrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "K ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "piplartine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "pentagastrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results demonstrate that DFPT and piplatine cause marked gastroprotective effects accompanied by the increase and maintenance of gastric mucus and GSH levels , as well as a reduction in gastric acid secretion through the gastrinergic pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "piplatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging Transporters of Clinical Importance : An Update from the International Transporter Consortium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The International Transporter Consortium ( ITC ) has described recently seven transporters of particular relevance for drug development ( Giacomini et al . , Nat . Rev . Drug Discov . 9 : 215 - 236 , 2010 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the second ITC transporter workshop in 2012 , we have identified additional transporters of emerging importance in pharmacokinetics , interference of drugs with transport of endogenous compounds and drug - drug interactions in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins ( MATEs , gene symbol SLC47A ) mediate excretion of organic cations into bile and urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATEs are important in renal drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multidrug resistance proteins ( MRPs or ABCCs ) are drug and conjugate efflux pumps , and impaired activity of MRP2 results in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bile salt export pump ( BSEP or ABCB11 ) prevents accumulation of toxic bile salt concentrations in hepatocytes , and BSEP inhibition or deficiency may cause cholestasis and liver injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , examples are presented on the roles of nucleoside and peptide transporters in drug targeting and disposition . Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ( 2013 ) ; accepted article preview online 8 April 2013 doi : 10 . 1038 / clpt . 2013 . 74 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biomarkers for Smoking Cessation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One way to enhance therapeutic development is through the identification and development of evaluative tools such as biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review focuses on putative diagnostic , pharmacodynamic , and predictive biomarkers for smoking cessation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These types of biomarkers may be used to more accurately diagnose a disease , personalize treatment , identify novel targets for drug discovery , and enhance the efficiency of drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promising biomarkers are presented across a range of approaches including metabolism , genetics , and neuroimaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A preclinical viewpoint is also offered , as are analytical considerations and a regulatory perspective summarizing a pathway toward biomarker qualification . Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ( 2013 ) ; advance online publication 8 May 2013 . doi : 10 . 1038 / clpt . 2013 . 57 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of water molecules on the electronic and structural properties of peptide nanotubes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The self - assembly of short amino acid chains appears to be one of the most promising strategies for the fabrication of nanostructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their solubility in water and the possibility of chemical modification by targeting the amino or carboxyl terminus give peptide - based nanostructures several advantages over carbon nanotube nanostructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "carboxyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , because these systems are synthesized in aqueous solution , a deeper understanding is needed on the effects of water especially with respect to the electronic , structural and transport properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , the electronic properties of l - diphenylalanine nanotubes ( FF - NTs ) have been studied using the Self - Consistent Charge Density - Functional - based Tight - Binding method augmented with dispersion interaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - diphenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of water molecules in the central hydrophilic channel and their interaction with the nanostructures are addressed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that the presence of water leads to significant changes in the electronic properties of these systems decreasing the band gap which can lead to an increase in the hopping probability and the conductivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low allopurinol doses are sufficient to optimize azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with inadequate thiopurine metabolite concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "thiopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Recent studies in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD ) on thiopurine therapy suggest that too low 6 - thioguanine nucleotide concentrations ( 6 - TGN ) and too high methylmercaptopurine nucleotide concentrations ( MMPN ) can be reversed by a combination therapy of allopurinol and low - dose thiopurines .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "6 - thioguanine nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 147]}, {"entity": "6 - TGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "methylmercaptopurine nucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 219]}, {"entity": "MMPN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 241]}, {"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 299]}, {"entity": "thiopurines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [315, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , however , optimal dosing has not been established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimal allopurinol doses necessary to achieve adequate 6 - TGN concentrations in combination with low - dose azathioprine .", "entity": [{"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "6 - TGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A stepwise dose - escalation of allopurinol was performed in 11 azathioprine - pretreated IBD patients with inadequately low 6 - TGN concentrations ( < 235 pmol / 8 x 10 ( 8 ) erythrocytes ) and / or elevated MMPN concentrations ( > 5 , 000 pmol / 8 x 10 ( 8 ) erythrocytes ) and / or elevated liver enzymes ( alanine aminotransferase and / or aspartate aminotransferase levels one - to threefold the upper limit of normal ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "6 - TGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "MMPN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 223]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 327]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [354, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients were recruited into an open study , and five were treated in the context of an individualized therapeutic approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse effects , azathioprine metabolites , liver enzymes and whole blood counts were monitored two to three times per month .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Adequate 6 - TGN concentrations were achieved with a combination of 25 mg allopurinol and 50 mg azathioprine in one patient and with 50 mg allopurinol and 50 mg azathioprine in nine patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - TGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median 6 - TGN concentrations ( range ) were 336 ( 290 - 488 ) pmol / 8 x 10 ( 8 ) erythrocytes after an 8 - week - long intake of the final dose combination .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - TGN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient dropped out due to nausea after the first intake .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MMPN concentrations and liver enzymes normalized immediately in all affected patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMPN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients finishing the dose - escalation regimen tolerated the treatment without toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Combination therapy with only 50 mg allopurinol and 50 mg azathioprine daily is sufficient , efficacious and safe in most IBD patients with inadequate thiopurine metabolite concentrations to optimize azathioprine - based IBD therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "allopurinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "thiopurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population pharmacokinetics analysis of cyclophosphamide with genetic effects in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To build a population pharmacokinetic ( PK ) model of cyclophosphamide ( CY ) and its metabolite , 4 - hydroxycyclophosphamide ( HCY ) , in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( HSCT ) and to identify covariates , including genetic polymorphisms , which affect CY and HCY PK parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 80]}, {"entity": "4 - hydroxycyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 136]}, {"entity": "HCY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "HCY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : The study cohort comprised 21 patients undergoing HSCT who received CY intravenously between 2009 and 2011 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical characteristics and CY and HCY concentration data were collected for all patients , and ABCB1 , ABCC2 , GSTA1 , GSTM1 , GSTP1 , GSTT1 , CYP2B6 , CYP2C19 , and CYP3A5 genotyping was performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hypothetical enzyme compartment was conducted using the NONMEM program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A population PK analysis showed that the ABCC2 1249 genotype and aspartate aminotransferase levels significantly affected non - induced clearance ( CL UI ) and induced clearance ( CL I ) of CY , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The final estimate of the mean CL UI and CL I of CY was 15 . 5 and 0 . 683 L / h , respectively , and the mean volume of distribution ( V 1 ) of CY was 88 . 0 L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inter - individual variability for CL UI , CL I , and V 1 of CY was 52 . 8 , 200 , and 18 . 0 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the CL UI of CY was significantly decreased to approximately 51 % in patients with the 1249 GA heterozygous genotype compared to those with the 1249 GG wild - type genotype ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were only three heterozygous GA variants of ABCC2 1249 in the study patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The population PK model developed in this study implies an influence of genetic factors on the clearance of CY .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clearance was moderately reduced in patients with the ABCC2 1249GA heterozygous genotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , characterization and organic field effect transistor performance of a diketopyrrolopyrrole - fluorenone copolymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "diketopyrrolopyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 102]}, {"entity": "fluorenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A diketopyrrolopyrrole ( DPP ) with fluorenone ( FN ) based low band gap alternating copolymer ( PDPPT - alt - FN ) has been synthesized via Suzuki coupling .", "entity": [{"entity": "diketopyrrolopyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 22]}, {"entity": "DPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "fluorenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "PDPPT - alt - FN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PDPPT - alt - FN exhibits a deep HOMO level with a lower band gap .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDPPT - alt - FN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fabricated organic thin film transistors using PDPPT - alt - FN as a channel semiconductor show p - channel behaviour with the highest hole mobility of 0 . 083 cm ( 2 ) V ( - 1 ) s ( - 1 ) measured in air .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDPPT - alt - FN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dermatoprotective effects of some plant extracts ( genus Ficus ) against experimentally induced toxicological insults in rabbits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aim : Present study was conducted to evaluate the dermatoprotective effects of plant extracts ( Ficus religiosa , Ficus benghalensis , and Ficus racemosa ) against known irritants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS ) , atrazine , and petrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium dodecyl sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 210]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 216]}, {"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The study was conducted in adult male rabbits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethanol extracts of plants were obtained through Soxhlet .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All irritants and Ficus extracts were topically applied to the backs of rabbits daily for 4 days , while pure ethanol served as control .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin was examined after 24 , 48 , and 96 h for erythema .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin biopsies were taken on 5th day for microscopic examination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Erythema produced by irritants reduced significantly with the simultaneous application of Ficus extracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean +/- SEM epidermal thickness ( micrometer ) with SDS was 45 . 40 +/- 1 . 89 , F . religiosa + SDS was 18 . 60 +/- 0 . 51 , F . benghalensis + SDS was 18 . 40 +/- 0 . 25 , F . racemosa + SDS was 18 . 80 +/- 0 . 37 , and mixture of three Ficus species + SDS was 16 . 80 +/- 0 . 37 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 153]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar findings were revealed after using plant extracts with atrazine and petrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean +/- SEM epidermal layer count for SDS was 3 . 60 +/- 0 . 25 , atrazine was 3 . 40 +/- 0 . 25 , petrol was 3 . 40 +/- 0 . 25 , and ethanol ( control ) was 1 . 00 +/- 0 . 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This count reduced to 1 . 20 +/- 0 . 20 for three Ficus species + SDS , 1 . 40 +/- 0 . 25 for Ficus species + atrazine , and 1 . 40 +/- 0 . 25 for Ficus species + petrol .", "entity": [{"entity": "SDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "atrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Ficus species demonstrated the potential to block the dermatotoxic effects of topical irritants and could be used successfully to prevent skin toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on dose - dependent intoxication of rats with paraquat .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid phenethyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 50]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Paraquat ( PQ ; 1 , 1 ' dimethyl - bipyridilium 4 , 4 ' - dichloride ) , which is used extensively throughout the world , is highly toxic to humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 ' dimethyl - bipyridilium 4 , 4 ' - dichloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to investigate the protective effects of different doses of caffeic acid phenethyl ester ( CAPE ) on PQ - intoxicated rats . Materials and methods : A total of 80 rats were divided into the following eight groups , comprising 10 rats in each group : group 1 : control ; group 2 : administered with CAPE ( 10 micro mol / kg ) ; group 3 : administered with 15 mg / kg PQ ( PQ15 group ) ; group 4 : administered with 30 mg / kg PQ ( PQ30 group ) ; group 5 : administered with 45 mg / kg PQ ( PQ45 group ) ; group 6 : administered with 15 mg / kg PQ + CAPE ; group 7 : administered with 30 mg / kg PQ + CAPE and group 8 : administered with 45 mg / kg PQ + CAPE .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeic acid phenethyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 97]}, {"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [307, 311]}, {"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [557, 561]}, {"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [608, 612]}, {"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [661, 665]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both PQ and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pancreatic tissue was examined with both haematoxylin and eosin and immunochemical staining .", "entity": [{"entity": "haematoxylin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "eosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The ratio of the immunohistochemical staining area to the total pancreatic area of the beta cells revealed that statistically significant differences were observed only between the PQ and PQ + CAPE groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discussion : The evaluation of the data suggests that CAPE can be used to prevent acute effects of PQ intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAPE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modulation of carbon tetrachloride - induced nephrotoxicity in rats by n - hexane extract of Sonchus asper .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 34]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonchus asper is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , protective effects of S . asper against carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) - induced nephrotoxicity of rats were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 83]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , 24 male albino rats ( 190 - 200 g ) were equally divided into four groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group I ( control group ) was given saline ( 1 ml / kg body weight ( b . w . ) , 0 . 85 % NaCl ) and dimethyl sulfoxide ( 1 ml / kg b . w . ) ; group II was treated with CCl4 ( 1 ml / kg b . w . intraperitoneally ) ; groups III and IV were administered with CCl4 and after 48 h with S . asper n - hexane extract ( SHE ; 100 and 200 mg / kg b . w . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "dimethyl sulfoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 119]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 174]}, {"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 262]}, {"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the treatments were given twice a week for 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that CCl4 - induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant depletion of antioxidant enzymes , namely , superoxide dismutase , catalase , peroxidase , glutathione - S - transferase , glutathione peroxidase , glutathione reductase , and glutathione contents , while increased lipid peroxidation ( thiobarbituric acid - reactive substances contents ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 192]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 196]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 224]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 249]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 277]}, {"entity": "thiobarbituric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 345]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of SHE significantly ameliorated ( p < 0 . 01 ) the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid peroxides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration revealed that S . asper extract can protect the kidney against CCl4 - mediated oxidative damage by restoring the activity of antioxidant enzyme , due to the presence of plant bioactive constituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecosystem services and the protection , restoration , and management of ecosystems exposed to chemical stressors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecosystem services - the benefits people obtain from ecosystem structures and processes - are essential for human survival and well - being .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemicals are also an essential component of modern life ; however , they may cause adverse ecological effects and reduce ecosystem service provision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental policy makers are increasingly adopting the ecosystem services concept , but applying this approach to the protection , restoration , and management of ecosystems requires the development of new understanding , tools , and frameworks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is an urgent need to understand and predict the effect of single and multiple stressors on ecosystem service delivery across different spatial scales ( local to global ) , to develop indicators that can be used to quantify and map services and identify synergies and trade - offs between them , to establish protection goals and restoration targets defined in terms of the types and levels of service delivery required , and to develop approaches for the assessment and management of chemical risk to ecosystem services that consider the whole life cycle of products and processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are major research challenges for the environmental science community in general and for ecotoxicologists and risk assessors in particular .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2013 ; 32 : 974 - 983 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoglycemia and diabetes : a report of a workgroup of the american diabetes association and the endocrine society .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE To review the evidence about the impact of hypoglycemia on patients with diabetes that has become available since the past reviews of this subject by the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society and to provide guidance about how this new information should be incorporated into clinical practice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PARTICIPANTS Five members of the American Diabetes Association and five members of The Endocrine Society with expertise in different aspects of hypoglycemia were invited by the Chair , who is a member of both , to participate in a planning conference call and a 2 - day meeting that was also attended by staff from both organizations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent communications took place via e - mail and phone calls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The writing group consisted of those invitees who participated in the writing of the manuscript .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The workgroup meeting was supported by educational grants to the American Diabetes Association from Lilly USA , LLC and Novo Nordisk and sponsorship to the American Diabetes Association from Sanofi .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sponsors had no input into the development of or content of the report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EVIDENCE The writing group considered data from recent clinical trials and other studies to update the prior workgroup report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unpublished data were not used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expert opinion was used to develop some conclusions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONSENSUS PROCESS Consensus was achieved by group discussion during conference calls and face - to - face meetings , as well as by iterative revisions of the written document .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The document was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association ' s Professional Practice Committee in October 2012 and approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in November 2012 and was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society ' s Clinical Affairs Core Committee in October 2012 and by Council in November 2012 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS The workgroup reconfirmed the previous definitions of hypoglycemia in diabetes , reviewed the implications of hypoglycemia on both short - and long - term outcomes , considered the implications of hypoglycemia on treatment outcomes , presented strategies to prevent hypoglycemia , and identified knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , tools for patients to report hypoglycemia at each visit and for clinicians to document counseling are provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free - Standing Polyelectrolyte Membranes Made of Chitosan and Alginate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free - standing films have increasing applications in the biomedical field as drug delivery systems for wound healing and tissue engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we prepared free - standing membranes by the layer - by - layer assembly of chitosan and alginate , two widely used biomaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to produce a thick membrane and to study the permeation of model drugs and the adhesion of muscle cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We first defined the optimal growth conditions in terms of pH and alginate concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The membranes could be easily detached from polystyrene or polypropylene substrate without any postprocessing step .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "polypropylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dry thickness was varied over a large range from 4 to 35 mu m .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2 - fold swelling was observed by confocal microscopy when they were immersed in PBS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we quantified the permeation of model drugs ( fluorescent dextrans ) through the free - standing membrane , which depended on the dextran molecular weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we showed that myoblast cells exhibited a preferential adhesion on the alginate - ending membrane as compared to the chitosan - ending membrane or to the substrate side .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration - Dependent Supramolecular Engineering of Hydrogen - Bonded Nanostructures at Surfaces : Predicting Self - Assembly in 2D .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a joint computational and experimental study on the concentration - dependent self - assembly of a flat C3 - symmetric molecule at surfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a model system we have chosen a rigid molecular module , 1 , 3 , 5 - tris ( pyridine - 4 - ylethynyl ) benzene , which can undergo self - association via hydrogen bonding ( H - bonding ) to form ordered 2D nanostructures .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 , 5 - tris ( pyridine - 4 - ylethynyl ) benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 113]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , the lattice Monte Carlo method , combined with density functional calculations , was employed to explore the spontaneous supramolecular organization of this tripod - shaped molecule under surface confinement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed the stability of different weak H - bonded patterns and the influence of the concentration of the starting molecule on the 2D supramolecular packing .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that ordered , densely packed monolayers and 2D porous networks are obtained at high and low concentrations , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A concentration - dependent scanning tunneling microscopy investigation of the molecular self - assembly at a graphite - solution interface revealed supramolecular motifs , which are in perfect agreement with those obtained by simulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , our computational approach represents a step forward toward the deterministic prediction of molecular self - assembly at surfaces and interfaces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergence of whole - cell MALDI - MS biotyping for high - throughput bioanalysis of mammalian cells ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since their inception in the 1970s , methods for classification of microorganisms based on mass spectral fingerprints obtained by MALDI - TOF MS have become a mainstay in environmental as well as in clinical microbiology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , related whole - cell MALDI - TOF fingerprinting workflows have been adopted for the classification of mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we summarize this work and discuss the challenges of adapting whole - cell MS fingerprinting methods for the successful classification of mammalian cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We highlight current limitations as well as opportunities and emerging applications of this technology in industrial and clinical settings , such as cell - line authentication , clinical diagnostics , and quality and productivity control in bioprocesses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical and Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Ethyl Methyl Ketone with HO2 for T = 600 - 1 , 600 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethyl Methyl Ketone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "HO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part II : Addition Reaction Channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The temperature and pressure dependence of the addition reaction of ethyl methyl ketone ( EMK ) with HO2 radical has been calculated with the master equation method employing conventional transition state theory estimates for the microcanonical rate coefficients in the temperature range of 600 - 1600 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl methyl ketone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "EMK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "HO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Geometries , frequencies , and hindrance potentials were obtained at the B3LYP / 6 - 311G ( d , p ) level of theory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A modified G3 ( MP2 , CC ) method has been used to calculate accurate electronic energies for all of the species involved in the reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rigid - rotor harmonic oscillator approximation has been used for all of the vibrations except for the torsional degrees of freedom which are being treated as 1D hindered rotor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymmetric Eckart barriers were used to model tunneling effect in a one - dimensional reaction coordinate through saddle points .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our calculated results show that the four reaction channels forming 1 - buten - 2 - ol + H y O2 radical ( R5 ) , 2 - buten - 2 - ol + H y O2 radical ( R10 ) , acetic acid + ethylene + y O H radical ( R13 ) , 2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol + y OH radical ( R15 ) are the dominant channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - buten - 2 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 86]}, {"entity": "H y O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "2 - buten - 2 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 131]}, {"entity": "H y O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}, {"entity": "O H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 233]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the temperature is below 1000 K , the reaction R15 forming the cyclic ether , 2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol , is dominant ; while the reaction R13 forming acetic acid + ethylene + y OH radical becomes increasingly dominant at temperatures above 1000 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclic ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 108]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other two channels forming 1 - buten - 2 - ol , 2 - buten - 2 - ol and HO2 radical are not dominant but are still important product channels over the whole temperature range investigated here .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - buten - 2 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "2 - buten - 2 - ol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "HO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No pressure dependence has been found for the reaction channels forming 2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol + OH radical and acetic acid + ethylene + OH radical .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methyl - 2 - oxetanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 97]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "OH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A slightly negative pressure dependence has been found for the reaction channels producing the two butenols .", "entity": [{"entity": "butenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rate constants for the four important reaction channels at 1 atm ( in cm3mol - 1s - 1 ) are : kR5 = 2 . 67 x 1015 x T - 1 . 32 exp ( - 16637 / T ) kR10 = 1 . 62 x 108 x T 0 . 57 exp ( - 13142 / T ) kR13 = 2 . 29 x 1017 x T - 1 . 66 exp ( - 18169 / T ) kR15 = 6 . 17 x 10 - 2 x T 3 . 35 exp ( - 10136 / T ) A comparison of the total rate constants for the addition of HO2 radical to EMK and that for H - atom abstraction by HO2 radical from EMK has also been carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "HO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 370]}, {"entity": "EMK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [382, 385]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [399, 400]}, {"entity": "HO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [423, 426]}, {"entity": "EMK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [440, 443]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the abstraction reaction channels are dominant over the entire temperature range of 600 - 1600 K .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase - selective sorbent xerogels as reclamation agents for oil spills .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12 - Hydroxystearic acid ( 12 - HSA ) xerogels derived from 12 - HSA - acetronitrile organogels are highly effective sorbent materials capable of adsorbing apolar , spilled materials in aqueous environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - Hydroxystearic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "acetronitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12 - HSA xerogels made from 12 - HSA - acetronitrile organogels are more effective than 12 - HSA xerogels made from 12 - HSA - pentane organogels because of the highly branched fibrillar networks established in acetonitrile molecular gels .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "acetronitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "pentane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference arises because of dissimilarities in the network structure between 12 - HSA in various solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "12 - HSA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These xerogels , being thermoreversible , allow for both the spilled oil to be reclaimed but also the gelator may be reused to engineer new xerogels for oil spill containment and cleanup .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs : teratogenic role of maternal epilepsy and its pharmacologic treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infants born to epileptic women treated with Antiepileptic Drugs ( AEDs ) have an increased risk of major congenital malformations ( MCMs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to determine the role of maternal epilepsy we conducted a prospective cohort study on three cohorts of pregnant women : i ) 385 epileptic women treated with AEDs , ii ) 310 non - epileptic women treated with AEDs , iii ) 867 healthy women not exposed to AEDs ( control group ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of MCMs in the epileptic group ( 7 . 7 % ) was not statistically higher than in the non - epileptic one ( 3 . 9 % ) ( p = 0 . 068 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate in the first group was higher compared to the control group ( p = 0 . 001 ) , while the rate in the second one was not ( p = 0 . 534 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data confirm that AEDs therapy is the main cause of the increased risk of malformations in the offspring of epileptic women ; however a teratogenic role of the maternal epilepsy itself cannot be excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophysiological evidence for 4 - isobutyl - 3 - isopropylbicyclophosphorothionate as a selective blocker of insect GABA - gated chloride channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - isobutyl - 3 - isopropylbicyclophosphorothionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 86]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invertebrate gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) - gated chloride channels ( GABACls ) and glutamate - gated chloride channels ( GluCls ) , which function as inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors , are important targets of insecticides and antiparasitic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 38]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antagonism of GABACls and GluCls by 4 - isobutyl - 3 - isopropylbicyclophosphorothionate ( PS - 14 ) was examined in cultured cockroach and rat neurons using a whole - cell patch - clamp method .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - isobutyl - 3 - isopropylbicyclophosphorothionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 92]}, {"entity": "PS - 14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that PS - 14 selectively blocks cockroach GABACls relative to cockroach GluCls and rat GABACls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PS - 14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PS - 14 represents a useful probe for the study of insect GABA receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "PS - 14", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a novel series of 10 - hydroxyl ketolide derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 - hydroxyl ketolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel series of 10 - hydroxyl ketolide derivatives were synthesized , during which a distinctive intermediate , 3 - O - descladinosyl - 3 - oxo - 11 - deoxy - 10 , 11 - epoxy - 6 - O - methylerythromycin A , was obtained from 6 - O - methylerythromycin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "10 - hydroxyl ketolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 40]}, {"entity": "3 - O - descladinosyl - 3 - oxo - 11 - deoxy - 10 , 11 - epoxy - 6 - O - methylerythromycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 207]}, {"entity": "6 - O - methylerythromycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure and stereochemistry of this novel structure were confirmed via NMR and X - ray crystallography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , antibacterial evaluations were established in order to assess our modifications and acquire a deep understanding of the ketolides ' structure - activity relationship ( SAR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketolides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel pyrimidine deoxyapiothionucleosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrimidine deoxyapiothionucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of novel pyrimidine deoxyapiothionucleosides of d - and l - series was realized following application of a versatile and high - yielding scheme , which utilized inexpensive l - and d - arabinose as starting materials , respectively , and which makes use of a regio - and stereo - selective Pummerer rearrangement reaction for the coupling of the nucleobase with the thiosugar moiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrimidine deoxyapiothionucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 58]}, {"entity": "l - and d - arabinose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 208]}, {"entity": "nucleobase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [360, 370]}, {"entity": "thiosugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [380, 389]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the targeted compounds have shown selective cytotoxic effects ( with IC50 < 10 mu M ) against specific cancer cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the tested compounds had no cytotoxic effect on the normal cell line tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress and MAPK involved into ATF2 expression in immortalized human urothelial cells treated by arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATF2 is a subfamily member of AP - 1 and has an important role in cellular stress responses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATF2 has been implicated in a transcriptional response leading to cell migration and malignant tumor progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , little is known about the effect of arsenic on expression of ATF2 and regulatory pathways in human urothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , ATF2 expression was measured in NaAsO2 - treated human uroepithelial cell line ( SV - HUC - 1 ) with 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 and 10 mu M concentrations in order to provide some basis data for the study on mechanism of bladder cancer induced by arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaAsO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [250, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that ATF2 expression levels at 2 , 4 , 8 and 10 mu M arsenic - treated cells were significantly higher than those of control cells , and the strongest expression occurred in 4 mu M NaAsO2 - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "NaAsO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidants ( melatonin ) and JNK or p38 inhibitors decreased significantly arsenic - induced ATF2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these data indicated that the increasing of ATF2 expression is mediated via oxidative stress induced by arsenic in SV - HUC - 1 cells , and JNK or p38 rather than ERK is responsible for arsenic - induced ATF2 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROS were also involved in arsenic induced the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two Common Bean Genotypes with Contrasting Response to Phosphorus Deficiency Show Variations in the microRNA 399 - Mediated PvPHO2 Regulation within the PvPHR1 Signaling Pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crop production of the important legume , the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , is often limited by low phosphorus ( P ) in the soil .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genotypes , BAT477 and DOR364 , of the common bean have contrasting responses to P starvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plants from the BAT477 P deficiency tolerant genotype showed higher phosphate content and root biomass as compared to the DOR364 plants under P starvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PvPHR1 transcription factor - signaling pathway plays an essential role in the response to P starvation .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PvPHO2 , a negative regulator of this pathway , encodes an ubiquitin E2 conjugase that promotes degradation of P - responsive proteins and is the target gene of PvmiR399 .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PvPHO2 is downregulated in BAT477 plants under P deficiency , while such a response is not observed in P - starved DOR364 plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five putative PvmiR399 binding sites were identified in the 5 ' UTR region in both genotypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While four sites showed an identical DNA sequence , the fifth ( binding site of PvPHO2 one ) showed three base changes and higher complementarity scores in DOR364 as compared to BAT477 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modified 5 ' RACE experiments indicated that PvmiR399 binding and / or processing was affected in DOR364 P - starved plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that a less efficient cleavage of the PvPHO2 mRNA directed by PvmiR399 would result in a higher PvPHO2 - mediated degradation of P - responsive proteins in the DOR364 genotype with decreased P deficiency tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Widening the pH Activity Profile of a Fungal Laccase by Directed Evolution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unnatural selection : A fungal laccase was tailored by directed evolution to be active at neutral / alkaline pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After five generations , the final mutant showed a broader pH profile while retaining 50 to 80 % of its activity at neutral pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in Vivo Tagging Method Reveals that Ras Undergoes Sustained Activation upon Transglutaminase - Mediated Protein Serotonylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Don ' t interrupt !", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein serotonylation has been implicated in living cells , yet its role remains poorly defined because of the lack of characterization tools .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We synthesized a serotonin derivative to enable selective tagging of serotonylation and to investigate its effect on Ras ; the latter displayed undisrupted interaction with Raf - 1 at the Ras binding domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Surgical Model in Male Obese Rats Uncovers Protective Effects of Bile Acids Post - Bariatric Surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile Acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bariatric surgery elevates serum bile acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conjugated bile acid administration , such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid ( TUDCA ) , improves insulin sensitivity , while short - circuiting bile acid circulation through ileal interposition surgery in rats raises TUDCA levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "tauroursodeoxycholic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 71]}, {"entity": "TUDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "TUDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that bariatric surgery outcomes could be recapitulated by short - circuiting the normal entero - hepatic bile circulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We established a model wherein male obese rats underwent either bile diversion ( BD ) or Sham ( SH ) surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BD group had a catheter inserted into the common bile duct and its distal end anchored into the mid - distal jejunum for 4 - 5 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose tolerance , insulin and glucagon - like peptide - 1 ( GLP - 1 ) response , hepatic steatosis and endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats ' post - BD lost significantly more weight than the SH - rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BD rats gained less fat mass post - surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BD rats had improved glucose tolerance , increased higher post - prandial GLP - 1 response and serum bile acids but less liver steatosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum bile acid levels including TUDCA concentrations were higher in BD compared to SH pair - fed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "TUDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fecal bile acid levels were not different .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver ER stress ( CHOP mRNA and pJNK protein ) was decreased in BD rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bile acid gavage ( TUDCA / UDCA ) in diet - induced obese rats , elevated serum TUDCA and concomitantly reduced hepatic steatosis and ER stress ( CHOP mRNA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bile acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "TUDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "UDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "TUDCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate the ability of alterations in bile acids to recapitulate important metabolic improvements seen after bariatric surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , our work establishes a model for focused study of bile acids in the context of bariatric surgery that may lead to the identification of therapeutics for metabolic disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silver nanoparticles enhance Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm detachment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Objectives : Silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) with a size ranging from 7 to 70 nm were synthesized using the ascorbic acid - citrate seed - mediated growth approach at room temperature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : The 8 nm silver particles were prepared using gallic acid in alkaline conditions and used as seed to prepare AgNPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "gallic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The presence of ascorbic acid and citrate allows the regulation of size and size distribution of the nanoparticles .", "entity": [{"entity": "ascorbic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in free silver ion - to - seed ratio ( Ag ( + ) / Ag ( 0 ) ) resulted in changes of particle shape from spherical to pseudo - spherical and minor cylindrical shape .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "Ag ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "Ag ( 0 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , a repetitive seeding approach resulted in the formation of pseudo - spherical particles with higher polydispersity index and minor distributions of tetrahedral particles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citrate - capped AgNPs were stable and did not agglomerate upon centrifugation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of AgNPs on biofilm reduction was evaluated using static culture on 96 - well microtiter plates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that AgNPs with the smallest average diameter were most effective in the reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm colonies , which accounted for 90 % of removal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : The biofilm removal activities of the nanoparticles were found to be concentration - independent particularly for the concentration within the range of 80 - 200 micro g / mL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bacteriolysis by vancomycin - conjugated acryl nanoparticles and morphological component analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "acryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Nanoparticles are currently attracting considerable attention because of their ability to conjugate to various substances .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such , these nanoparticles can assist the transfer of the conjugated substance to target tissues where they are gradually released .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , vancomycin - conjugated nanoparticles ( VCM NPs ) were prepared .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antibacterial activity of VCM NPs was compared with that of VCM alone by exposure to vancomycin - resistant enterococci ( VRE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The morphology of the cells was then analyzed by electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VCM NPs were found to have more potent antibacterial activity against VRE compared to VCM alone , but the activity against vancomycin - sensitive enterococci ( VSE ) remained the same .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antibacterial activity of nanoparticles alone was the same against VSE and VRE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nanoparticles were found to induce characteristic morphological changes in the bacteria based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that the strong antibacterial activity of VCM NPs against VRE may be attributable not only to the well - known control release carrier property of the nanoparticles but to an additional mechanism that involves VCM NPs avoiding the drug resistant mechanism of VRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ingestion toxicity of three Lamiaceae essential oils incorporated in protein baits against the olive fruit fly , Bactrocera oleae ( Rossi ) ( Diptera Tephritidae ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ingestion toxicity of three Lamiaceae essential oils ( EOs ) - Hyptis suaveolens , Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia - incorporated in protein baits was evaluated against Bactrocera oleae , a worldwide pest of olive fruits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In laboratory conditions , all the tested EOs showed dose - dependent toxicity on B . oleae , with mortality rates ranging from 12 % ( EO concentration : 0 . 01 % w : v ) to 100 % ( EO concentration : 1 . 75 % w : v ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Semi - field results highlighted the toxicity of L . angustifolia and H . suaveolens EOs , which exerted more than 60 % of flies mortality at a concentration of 1 . 75 % ( w : v ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gas Chromatography - Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry analyses of the three EOs showed that H . suaveolens EO was dominated by monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoterpene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "sesquiterpene hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main chemical class in R . officinalis and L . angustifolia EOs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygenated monoterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these EOs plus food bait against the olive fruit fly in the open field .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aberrant free radical biology is a unifying theme in the etiology and pathogenesis of major human diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seemingly disparate areas of oxygen toxicity , radiation exposure , and aging are now recognized to share a common feature - the aberrant production and / or removal of biologically derived free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ( ROS / RNS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 233]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Advances in our understanding of the effects of free radicals in biology and medicine have been , and continue to be , actively translated into clinically tractable diagnostic and therapeutic applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This issue is dedicated to recent advances , both basic discoveries and clinical applications , in the field of free radicals in biology and medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As more is understood about the proximal biological targets of aberrantly produced or removed reactive species , their sensors , and effectors of compensatory response , a great deal more will be learned about the commonalities in mechanisms underlying seemingly disparate disease states .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together with this deeper understanding , opportunities will arise to devise rational therapeutic interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of these diseases and positively impact the human healthspan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural and Immunochemical Studies of the Lipopolysaccharide from the Fish Pathogen , Aeromonas bestiarum Strain K296 , Serotype O18 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical analyses and mass spectrometry were used to study the structure of the lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) isolated from Aeromonas bestiarum strain K296 , serotype O18 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ESI - MS revealed that the most abundant A . bestiarum LPS glycoforms have a hexa - acylated or tetra - acylated lipid A with conserved architecture of the backbone , consisting of a 1 , 4 ' - bisphosphorylated beta - ( 1 --> 6 ) - linked d - GlcN disaccharide with an AraN residue as a non - stoichiometric substituent and a core oligosaccharide composed of Kdo1Hep6Hex1HexN1P1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 ' - bisphosphorylated beta - ( 1 --> 6 ) - linked d - GlcN disaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 260]}, {"entity": "AraN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the O - specific polysaccharide ( OPS ) of A . bestiarum K296 consists of a branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit containing two 6 - deoxy - l - talose ( 6dTalp ) , one Manp and one GalpNAc residues ; thus , it is similar to that of the OPS of A . hydrophila AH - 3 ( serotype O34 ) in both the sugar composition and the glycosylation pattern .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 46]}, {"entity": "tetrasaccharide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "6 - deoxy - l - talose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 194]}, {"entity": "6dTalp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 203]}, {"entity": "GalpNAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 232]}, {"entity": "sugar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [338, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 3 - substituted 6dTalp was 2 - O - acetylated and additional O - acetyl groups were identified at O - 2 and O - 4 ( or O - 3 ) positions of the terminal 6dTalp .", "entity": [{"entity": "6dTalp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "O - acetyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "6dTalp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blots with polyclonal rabbit sera showed that serotypes O18 and O34 share some epitopes in the LPS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The very weak reaction of the anti - O34 serum with the O - deacylated LPS of A . bestiarum K296 might have been due to the different O - acetylation pattern of the terminal 6dTalp .", "entity": [{"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 38]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 57]}, {"entity": "6dTalp", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter suggestion was further confirmed by NMR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective Effects of HemoHIM on Immune and Hematopoietic Systems Against gamma - Irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the effect of HemoHIM on the protective efficacy of hematopoietic stem cells and on the recovery of immune cells against sublethal doses of ionizing radiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - month - old mice were exposed to gamma - rays at a dose of 8 , 6 . 5 , or 5 Gy for a30 - day survival study , endogenous spleen colony formation , or other experiments , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HemoHIM was injected intraperitoneally before and after irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that HemoHIM significantly decreased the mortality of sublethally irradiated mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HemoHIM administration decreased the apoptosis of bone marrow cells in irradiated mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , HemoHIM increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony in irradiated mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In irradiated mice , the recovery of total leukocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphocytes in the spleen were enhanced significantly by HemoHIM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the function of B cells , T cells , and NK cells regenerated in irradiated mice were significantly improved by the administration of HemoHIM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HemoHIM showed an ideal radioprotector for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and for accelerating the recovery of immune cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose HemoHIM as a beneficial supplement drug during radiotherapy to alleviate adverse radiation - induced effects for cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palbinone from Paeonia suffruticosa Protects Hepatic Cells via Up - regulation of Heme Oxygenase - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palbinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paeonia suffruticosa has been traditionally employed for vitalizing blood circulation and alleviating liver and inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathways by which palbinone ( PB ) isolated from P . suffruticosa mediates heme oxygenase - 1 ( HO - 1 ) induction were investigated using the specific inhibitors for PI3K and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "palbinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of PB - treatment on Nrf2 translocalization and HO - 1 - antioxidant response element ( ARE ) regulation was examined employing Western blot and luciferase assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PB induced HO - 1 expression via the activation of Nrf2 in the hepatic cells , and ARE - dependent genes were stimulated via the PB - mediated Nrf2 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PB - mediated HO - 1 expression could be involved with PI3K / Akt and ERK1 / 2 pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study suggests the mechanism by which PB induces HO - 1 expression in the hepatic cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This might substantiate the traditional applications of P . suffruticosa for the treatment of oxidative stress - related diseases including oxidant and inflammatory - mediated vascular and liver diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of candidate genes encoding an LDL - C QTL in baboons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , the leading cause of death in developed countries and dyslipidemia , is a major risk factor for CVD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously identified a cluster of quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) on baboon chromosome 11 for multiple related quantitative traits for serum low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report differentially regulated hepatic genes that appear to encode an LDL - C QTL that influences LDL - C levels in baboons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed hepatic whole genome expression profiling for LDL - C discordant baboons fed a high - cholesterol , high - fat ( HCHF ) diet for 7 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We detected expression of 117 genes within the QTL 2 - LOD - support interval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three genes were differentially expressed in low LDL - C responders and 8 in high LDL - C responders in response to a HCHF diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven genes ( ACVR1B , CALCOCO1 , DGKA , ERBB3 , KRT73 , MYL6B , TENC1 ) showed discordant expression between low and high LDL - C responders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prioritize candidate genes , we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using network tools and found that four candidates ( ACVR1B , DGKA , ERBB3 , TENC1 ) were miRNA targets and the miRNAs were inversely expressed to the target genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Candidate gene expression was validated using QRT - PCR and Westerns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study reveals candidate genes that influence variation in LDL - C in baboons and potential genetic mechanisms for further investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macromolecular amplification of binding response in superaptamer hydrogels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is becoming more important to detect ultralow concentrations of analytes for biomedical , environmental , and national security applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Equally important is that new methods should be easy to use , inexpensive , portable , and if possible allow detection by the naked eye .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By and large , detection of low concentrations of analytes cannot be achieved directly but requires signal amplification by catalysts , macromolecules , metal surfaces , or supramolecular aggregates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapidly progressing field of macromolecular signal amplification has been advanced using conjugated polymers , chirality in polymers , solvating polymers , and polymerization / depolymerization strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new type of aptamer - based hydrogel with specific response to target proteins presented in this report demonstrates an additional category of macromolecular signal amplification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This superaptamer assembly provides the first example of using protein - specific aptamers to create volume - changing hydrogels with amplified response to the target protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A remarkable aspect of these superaptamer hydrogels is that volume shrinking is visible to the naked eye down to femtomolar concentrations of protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This extraordinary macromolecular amplification is attributed to a complex interplay between protein - aptamer supramolecular cross - links and the consequential reduction of excluded volume in the hydrogel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific recognition is even maintained in biological matrices such as urine and tears .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the gels can be dried for long - term storage and regenerated for use without loss of activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In practice , the ease of this biomarker detection method offers an alternative to traditional analytical techniques that require sophisticated instrumentation and highly trained personnel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Promote Stent - Mediated Delivery of DNA to Vascular Tissue .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report an approach to deliver DNA to vascular tissue in vivo using intravascular stents coated with degradable , DNA - containing polyelectrolyte multilayers ( PEMs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ionically cross - linked multilayers ~ 120 nm thick were fabricated layer - by - layer on the surfaces of balloon - mounted stainless steel stents using plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable poly ( beta - amino ester ) ( polymer 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( beta - amino ester )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of stents coated using a fluorescently end - labeled analog of polymer 1 revealed film erosion to be uniform across the surfaces of the stents ; differential stresses experienced upon balloon expansion did not lead to faster film erosion or dose dumping of DNA in areas near stent joints when stents were incubated in physiologically relevant media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of film - coated stents to transfer DNA and transfect arterial tissue in vivo was then investigated in pigs and rabbits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stents coated with films fabricated using fluorescently labeled DNA resulted in uniform transfer of DNA to sub - endothelial tissue in the arteries of pigs in patterns corresponding to the locations and geometries of stent struts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stents coated with films fabricated using polymer 1 and plasmid DNA encoding EGFP resulted in expression of EGFP in the medial layers of stented tissue in both pigs and rabbits two days after implantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study , combined with the modular and versatile nature of layer - by - layer assembly , provide a polymer - based platform that is well suited for fundamental studies of stent - mediated gene transfer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With further development , this approach could also prove useful for the design of nonviral , gene - based approaches for prevention of complications that arise from the implantation of stents and other implantable interventional devices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinase Scaffold Repurposing for Neglected Disease Drug Discovery : Discovery of an Efficacious , Lapatanib - Derived Lead Compound for Trypanosomiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lapatanib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because drugs in use against HAT are toxic and require intravenous dosing , new drugs are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initiating lead discovery campaigns by using chemical scaffolds from drugs approved for other indications can speed up drug discovery for neglected diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated recently that the 4 - anilinoquinazolines lapatinib ( GW572016 , 1 ) and canertinib ( CI - 1033 ) kill T . brucei with low micromolar EC50 values .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - anilinoquinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 57]}, {"entity": "lapatinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "GW572016", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "canertinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "CI - 1033", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We now report promising activity of analogues of 1 , which provided an excellent starting point for optimization of the chemotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our compound optimization that has led to synthesis of several potent 4 - anilinoquinazolines , including NEU617 , 23a , a highly potent , orally bioavailable inhibitor of trypanosome replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - anilinoquinazolines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "NEU617", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the cellular level , 23a blocks duplication of the kinetoplast and arrests cytokinesis , making it a new chemical tool for studying regulation of the trypanosome cell cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Mechanisms in the Pyrolysis of Unsaturated Chlorinated Hydrocarbons : Formation of Benzene Rings Part II - Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Unsaturated Chlorinated Hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 77]}, {"entity": "Benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of formation of benzene rings during the pyrolysis of dichloro - and trichloroethylene has been investigated by the method of Laser Powered Homogeneous Pyrolysis coupled with product analysis by gas chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "dichloro - and trichloroethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , selected ( co ) - pyrolyses between the chlorinated ethylenes , CH2Cl2 , C4Cl4 , C4Cl6 , and C2H2 have been performed to explicitly probe the roles of 2C3 and C4 / C2 reaction pairs in aromatic growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorinated ethylenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "CH2Cl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "C4Cl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "C4Cl6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "C2H2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "2C3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "C4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "C2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of odd - carbon products in neat C4Cl6 pyrolyses indicates 2C3 processes are operative in these systems ; however , comparison with product yields from C2HCl3 suggests C4 / C2 processes dominate most other systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "C4Cl6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "2C3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "C2HCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 171]}, {"entity": "C4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 183]}, {"entity": "C2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is further evidenced by an absence of C3 and other odd - carbon species in ( co ) - pyrolyses with dichloromethane which should seed C3 - based growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "C3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "dichloromethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 119]}, {"entity": "C3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reactions of perchlorinated C4 species C4Cl5 , C4Cl3 , and C4Cl4 with C2Cl2 were subsequently explored through extensive kinetic simulations of the possible reaction pathways based on previous kinetic models and the exhaustive quantum chemical investigations of our preceding work .", "entity": [{"entity": "perchlorinated C4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "C4Cl5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "C4Cl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "C4Cl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "C2Cl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental and theoretical results strongly suggest that , at moderate temperatures , aromatic ring formation from chlorinated ethylenes normally follows a Diels - Alder coupling of C4 and C2 molecular units followed by internal shifts ; the one exception is the C4Cl4 + C2Cl2 system , where steric factors lead to the formation of non - aromatic products .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorinated ethylenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 142]}, {"entity": "C4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 190]}, {"entity": "C2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 197]}, {"entity": "C4Cl4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 274]}, {"entity": "C2Cl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is little evidence for radical - based routes in these systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CH - 01 is a hypoxia - activated prodrug that sensitizes cells to hypoxia / reoxygenation through inhibition of Chk1 and Aurora A .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH - 01", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased resistance of hypoxic cells to all forms of cancer therapy presents a major barrier to the successful treatment of most solid tumors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of the essential kinase , Checkpoint kinase 1 ( Chk1 ) has been described as a promising cancer therapy for tumors with high levels of hypoxia - induced replication stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , as inhibition of Chk1 affects normal replication and induces DNA damage , these agents also have the potential to induce genomic instability and contribute to tumorigenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome this problem , we have developed a bioreductive prodrug , which functions as a Chk1 / Aurora A inhibitor specifically in hypoxic conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To achieve this activity , a key functionality on the Chk1 inhibitor ( CH - 01 ) is masked by a bioreductive group , rendering the compound inactive as a Chk1 / Aurora A inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH - 01", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of the bioreductive group nitro moiety , under hypoxic conditions , reveals an electron - donating substituent that leads to fragmentation of the molecule , affording the active inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitro", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most importantly , we show a significant loss of viability in cancer cell lines exposed to hypoxia in the presence of CH - 01 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CH - 01", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This novel approach targets the most aggressive and therapy - resistant tumor fraction while protecting normal tissue from therapy - induced genomic instability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity study of isolated polypeptide from wool hydrolysate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxicity of wool polypeptide has been evaluated by both cell and animal models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wool was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution , the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 5 . 55 and the precipitate was harvested as wool polypeptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium hydroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spray - dried polypeptide was collected as powders and characterized by SEM , FTIR and TG - DSC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell culturing results showed that wool polypeptide had no obvious negative effect on cell viability in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both acute oral toxicity and subacute 30 - day oral toxicology studies showed that wool polypeptide had no influence on body weight , feed consumption , blood chemistry , and hematology at any dose levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no treatment related findings on gross or detailed necroscopy , organ weights , organ / body weight ratios and histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study indicated the absence of toxicity in wool polypeptide and supported its safe use as a food ingredient or drug carrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A c ai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart . ) feeding attenuates dimethylhydrazine - induced rat colon carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dimethylhydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the protective effect of spray - dried a c a i powder ( AP ) intake on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1 , 2 - dimethylhydrazine ( DMH ) in male Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 2 - dimethylhydrazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 152]}, {"entity": "DMH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4weeks of DMH administrations , the groups were fed with standard diet , a diet containing 2 . 5 % or 5 . 0 % AP or a diet containing 0 . 2 % N - acetylcysteine ( NAC ) for 10weeks , using aberrant crypt foci ( ACF ) as the endpoint .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , two groups were fed with standard diet or a diet containing 5 . 0 % AP for 20weeks , using colon tumors as the endpoint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ACF assay , a reduction in the number of aberrant crypts ( ACs ) and ACF ( 1 - 3 AC ) were observed in the groups fed with 5 . 0 % AP ( 37 % AC and 47 % ACF inhibition , p = 0 . 036 ) and 0 . 2 % NAC ( 39 % AC and 41 % ACF inhibition , p = 0 . 042 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In tumor assay , a reduction in the number of invasive tumors ( p < 0 . 005 ) and tumor multiplicity ( p = 0 . 001 ) was observed in the group fed with 5 . 0 % AP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , a reduction in tumor Ki - 67 cell proliferation ( p = 0 . 003 ) and net growth index ( p = 0 . 001 ) was observed in the group fed with 5 . 0 % AP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore the findings of this study indicate that AP feeding may reduce the development of chemically - induced rat colon carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Connexin channel modulators and their mechanisms of action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gap junction channels and hemichannels formed by the connexin family of proteins play important roles in many aspects of tissue homeostasis in the brain and in other organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , connexin channels have been proposed as pharmacological targets in the treatment of a number of human disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review , we describe the connexin - subtype selectivity and specificity of pharmacological agents that are commonly used to modulate connexin channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also highlight recent progress made towardtoward identifying new agents for connexin channels that act in a selective and specific manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , we discuss developing insights into possible mechanisms by which these agents modulate connexin channel function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 1 - Difluoroethyl - substituted triazolothienopyrimidines as inhibitors of a human urea transport protein ( UT - B ) : New analogs and binding model .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - Difluoroethyl - substituted triazolothienopyrimidines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 61]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kidney urea transport protein UT - B is an attractive target for the development of small - molecule inhibitors with a novel diuretic ( ' urearetic ' ) action .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , two compounds in the triazolothienopyrimidine scaffold ( 1a and 1c ) were reported as UT - B inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "triazolothienopyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 1c incorporates a 1 , 1 - difluoroethyl group , which affords improved microsomal stability when compared to the corresponding ethyl - substituted compound 1a .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - difluoroethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "ethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , a small focused library ( 4a - 4f ) was developed around lead inhibitor 1c to investigate the requirement of an amidine - linked thiophene in the inhibitor scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "amidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "thiophene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two compounds ( 4a and 4b ) with nanomolar inhibitory potency ( IC50 =~ 40nM ) were synthesized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computational docking of lead structure 1c and 4a - 4f into a homology model of the UT - B cytoplasmic surface suggested binding with the core heterocycle buried deep into the hydrophobic pore region of the protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater impairment of postprandial triacylglycerol than glucose response in metabolic syndrome subjects with fasting hyperglycaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Studies have started to question whether a specific component or combinations of metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) components may be more important in relation to cardiovascular disease risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to examine the impact of the presence of raised fasting glucose as a MetS component on postprandial lipaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Men classified with the MetS underwent a sequential test meal investigation , in which blood samples were taken at regular intervals after a test breakfast ( t = 0 min ) and lunch ( t = 330 min ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lipids , glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting and postprandial samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : MetS subjects with 3 or 4 components were subdivided into those without ( n = 34 ) and with ( n = 23 ) fasting hyperglycaemia ( >= 5 . 6mmol / l ) , irrespective of the combination of components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting lipids and insulin were similar in the two groups , with glucose significantly higher in the men with glucose as a MetS component ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following the test meals , there were higher maximum concentration ( maxC ) , area under the curve ( AUC ) and incremental AUC ( P <= 0 . 016 ) for the postprandial triacylglycerol ( TAG ) response in men with fasting hyperglycaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "triacylglycerol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 180]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater glucose AUC ( P < 0 . 001 ) and insulin maxC ( P = 0 . 010 ) were also observed in these individuals after the test meals .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple regression analysis revealed fasting glucose to be an important predictor of the postprandial TAG and glucose response .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our data analysis has revealed a greater impairment of postprandial TAG than glucose response in MetS subjects with raised fasting glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The worsening of postprandial lipaemic control may contribute to the greater CVD risk reported in individuals with MetS component combinations which include hyperglycaemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIV Cure : Knocking on the Door .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although major advances in drug development and public health are helping to control the HIV / AIDS epidemic , there is a strong rationale for pursuing a more definitive cure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several bold but unproven strategies for HIV eradication are reviewed in this issue of CPT , including novel drugs , gene therapy , and bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early results , including one probable case of HIV eradication in a leukemia patient , are intriguing but raise many questions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New Diterpenes from a Godavari Mangrove , Ceriops decandra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eleven new diterpenes , named decandrins A - K ( 1 - 11 ) , including nine abietanes ( 1 - 9 ) and two podocarpanes ( 10 - 11 ) , were isolated from the barks of an Indian mangrove , Ceriops decandra , collected in the mangrove swamp of Godavari estuary , Andhra Pradesh , together with four known abietanes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diterpenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "decandrins A - K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "abietanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "podocarpanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "abietanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [298, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic data ( new compounds ) or comparison with data in the literature ( known compounds ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first report of abietane and podocarpane diterpenoids from C . decandra .", "entity": [{"entity": "abietane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "podocarpane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "diterpenoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spin - polarized transport through single - molecule magnet Mn6 complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coherent transport properties of a device , constructed by sandwiching a Mn6 single - molecule magnet between two gold surfaces , are studied theoretically by using the non - equilibrium Green ' s function approach combined with density functional theory .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two spin states of such Mn6 complexes are explored , namely the ferromagnetically coupled configuration of the six Mn ( III ) cations , leading to the S = 12 ground state , and the low S = 4 spin state .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "Mn ( III )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For voltages up to 1 volt the S = 12 ground state shows a current one order of magnitude larger than that of the S = 4 state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore this is almost completely spin - polarized , since the Mn6 frontier molecular orbitals for S = 12 belong to the same spin manifold .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As such the high - anisotropy Mn6 molecule appears as a promising candidate for implementing , at the single molecular level , both spin - switches and low - temperature spin - valves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn6", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration and Strain Fields inside a Ag / Au Core - Shell Nanowire Studied by Coherent X - ray Diffraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - dimensional coherent diffraction patterns of an isolated , single - crystalline Ag / Au core - shell nanowire were recorded at different X - ray beam energies close to the Au LIII absorption edge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional slices of the three - dimensional diffraction pattern , with the diffraction vector oriented perpendicular to the wire axis , were investigated in detail .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In reciprocal space , facet streaks with thickness fringes were clearly observed in the two - dimensional diffraction patterns , from which the shape and size of the corresponding cross sections of the nanowire could be revealed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison with simulated diffraction patterns exhibited the coherency strain field in the nanowire .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During in situ annealing at temperatures which would lead to significant intermixing by volume diffusion in bulk material , according to literature data , a core - shell morphology was preserved ; that is , intermixing in the nanowire was pronouncedly decelerated compared to bulk diffusion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessing the Accuracy and Performance of Implicit Solvent Models for Drug Molecules : Conformational Ensemble Approaches .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The accuracy and performance of implicit solvent methods for solvation free energy calculations were assessed on a set of 20 neutral drug molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular dynamics ( MD ) provided ensembles of conformations in water and water - saturated octanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "octanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The solvation free energies were calculated by popular implicit solvent models based on quantum mechanical ( QM ) electronic densities ( COSMO - RS , MST , SMD ) as well as on molecular mechanical ( MM ) point - charge models ( GB , PB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance of the implicit models was tested by a comparison with experimental water - octanol transfer free energies ( Delta Gow ) by using single - and multiconformation approaches .", "entity": [{"entity": "octanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MD simulations revealed difficulties in a priori estimation of the flexibility features of the solutes from simple structural descriptors , such as the number of rotatable bonds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increasing accuracy of the calculated Delta Gow was observed in the following order : GB1 ~ PB < GB7 << MST < SMD ~ COSMO - RS with a clear distinction identified between MM - and QM - based models , although for the set excluding three largest molecules , the differences among COSMO - RS , MST , and SMD were negligible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was shown that the single - conformation approach applied to crystal geometries provides a rather accurate estimate of Delta Gow for rigid molecules yet fails completely for the flexible ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The multiconformation approaches improved the performance , but only when the deformation contribution was ignored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was revealed that for large - scale calculations on small molecules a recent GB model , GB7 , provided a reasonable accuracy / speed ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the study contributes to the understanding of solvation free energy calculations for physical and medicinal chemistry applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three - dimensional plasmonic chiral tetramers assembled by DNA origami .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular chemistry offers a unique toolkit to draw inspiration for the design of artificial metamolecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a long time , optical circular dichroism has been exclusively the terrain of natural chiral molecules , which exhibit optical activity mainly in the UV spectral range , thus greatly hindering their significance for a broad range of applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that circular dichroism can be generated with artificial plasmonic chiral nanostructures composed of the minimum number of spherical gold nanoparticles required for three - dimensional ( 3D ) chirality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilize a rigid addressable DNA origami template to precisely organize four nominally identical gold nanoparticles into a three - dimensional asymmetric tetramer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the chiral structural symmetry and the strong plasmonic resonant coupling between the gold nanoparticles , the 3D plasmonic assemblies undergo different interactions with left and right circularly polarized light , leading to pronounced circular dichroism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simplicity of our structure geometry and , most importantly , the concept of resorting on biology to produce artificial photonic functionalities open a new pathway to designing smart artificial plasmonic nanostructures for large - scale production of optically active metamaterials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demonstration of Efficient On - Chip Photon Transfer in Self - Assembled Optoplasmonic Networks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasmonic nanoantennas facilitate the manipulation of light fields on deeply sub - diffraction - limited length scales , but high dissipative losses in metals make new approaches for an efficient energy transfer in extended on - chip integrated plasmonic circuits mandatory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate in this article efficient photon transfer in discrete optoplasmonic molecules comprising gold nanoparticle ( NP ) dimer antennas located in the evanescent field of a 2 mu m diameter polystyrene bead , which served as an optical microcavity ( OM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polystyrene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optoplasmonic molecules were generated through a guided self - assembly strategy in which the OMs were immobilized in binding sites generated by quartz ( SiO2 ) or silicon posts that contained plasmonic nanoantennas on their tips .", "entity": [{"entity": "quartz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control of the post height facilitated an accurate positioning of the plasmonic antennas into the evanescent field of the whispering gallery modes located in the equatorial plane of the OM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cy3 and Cy5 . 5 dyes were tethered to the plasmonic antennas through oligonucleotide spacers to act as on - chip light sources .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cy3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Cy5 . 5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intensity of Cy3 was found to be increased relative to that of Cy5 . 5 in the vicinity of the plasmonic antennas where strongly enhanced electric field intensity and optical density of states selectively increase the excitation and emission rates of Cy3 due to spectral overlap with the plasmon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cy3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "Cy5 . 5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "Cy3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluorescent dyes preferentially emitted into the OM , which efficiently trapped and recirculated the photons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We experimentally determined a relative photon transfer efficiency of 44 % in non - optimized self - assembled optoplasmonic molecules in this proof - of - principle study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of inorganic salt type and concentration on hydrophilic drug loading into microspheres using the emulsion / solvent diffusion method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Aim : In order to avoid gastric irritation caused by tolmetin sodium ( TS ) , gastro resistant Eudragit (R) S 100 microsphere formulations were prepared with the emulsion / solvent diffusion method .", "entity": [{"entity": "tolmetin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "Eudragit", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials : Considering the high water solubility of the TS molecule , the effects of the presence of inorganic salt ( NaCl , NaBr and KH2PO4 ; 0 . 1 M and 1 . 0 M ) in external phase and external phase pH on the encapsulation efficiency were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "NaBr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "KH2PO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Percentage yield value was found to vary between 55 . 8 % and 72 . 1 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement in encapsulation efficiency was determined by increasing concentrations of NaCl , NaBr and KH2PO4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "NaBr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "KH2PO4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The microspheres were observed to have a spherical shape and the measured particle size values varied between 52 . 1 and 81 . 5 micro m .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The released amounts of the drug were found to be low as the inorganic salt concentrations increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Conclusively , drug release in stomach pH was significantly prevented by the microspheres prepared using Eudragit (R) S 100 polymer , and these formulations are considered to be a model for other orally administered drugs with similar problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eudragit", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development and in vitro evaluation of a nanoemulsion for transcutaneous delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Objective : The purpose of this study is to develop a nanoemulsion formulation for its use as a transcutaneous vaccine delivery system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials and methods : With bovine albumin - fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate ( FITC - BSA ) as a vaccine model , formulations were selected with the construction of pseudo - ternary phase diagrams and a short - term stability study .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein isothiocyanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 72]}, {"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The size of the emulsion droplets was furthered optimized with high - pressure homogenization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimized formulation was evaluated for its skin permeation efficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro skin permeation studies were conducted with shaved BALB / c mice skin samples with a Franz diffusion cell system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Different drug concentrations were compared , and the effect of the nanoemulsion excipients on the permeation of the FITC - BSA was also studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : The optimum homogenization regime was determined to be five passes at 20 000 psi , with no evidence of protein degradation during processing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With these conditions , the particle diameter was 85 . 2 nm +/- 15 . 5 nm with a polydispersity index of 0 . 186 +/- 0 . 026 and viscosity of 14 . 6 cP +/- 1 . 2 cP .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optimized formulation proved stable for 1 year at 4 degrees C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro skin diffusion studies show that the optimized formulation improves the permeation of FITC - BSA through skin with an enhancement ratio of 4 . 2 compared to a neat control solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "FITC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , a comparison of the skin permeation of the nanoemulsion versus only the surfactant excipients resulted in a steady state flux of 23 . 44 mu g / cm ( 2 ) / h for the nanoemulsion as opposed to 6 . 10 mu g / cm ( 2 ) / h for the emulsifiers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : A novel nanoemulsion with optimized physical characteristics and superior skin permeation compared to control solution was manufactured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The formulation proposed in this study has the flexibility for the incorporation of a variety of active ingredients and warrants further development as a transcutaneous vaccine delivery vehicle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymer - based protein engineering can rationally tune enzyme activity , pH - dependence , and stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The attachment of inert polymers , such as polyethyleneglycol , to proteins has driven the emergence of a multibillion dollar biotechnology industry .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethyleneglycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all cases , proteins have been stabilized or altered by covalently coupling the pre - existing polymer to the surface of the protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This approach is inherently limited by a lack of exquisite control of polymer architecture , chain length , site and density of attachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a novel water - soluble atom transfer radical polymerization initiator , we have grown temperature - and pH - responsive polymers from the surface of a model protein , the enzyme chymotrypsin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poly ( 2 - ( dimethylamino ) ethyl methacrylate ) changes in conformation with altered temperature and pH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poly ( 2 - ( dimethylamino ) ethyl methacrylate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growing the polymer from the surface of chymotrypsin we were able to demonstrate that changes in temperature or pH can change predictably the conformation of the polymer surrounding the enzyme , which in turn enabled the rational tailoring of enzyme activity and stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using what we now term \" Polymer - Based Protein Engineering \" we have increased the activity and stability of chymotrypsin by an order of magnitude at pH ' s where the enzyme is usually inactive or unstable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Chemical constituents of the twigs of Ammopiptanthus nanus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new isoflavone glycosides , ammopiptanosides A and B , have been isolated from the 95 % EtOH extract of the twigs of Ammopiptanthus nanus ( M . Pop . ) Cheng f . , together with six known compounds , and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods and compared with the data in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoflavone glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 29]}, {"entity": "ammopiptanosides A and B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 56]}, {"entity": "EtOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulfonated Polyaniline - Based Organic Electrodes for Controlled Electrical Stimulation of Human Osteosarcoma Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulfonated Polyaniline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically conducting polymers ( CPs ) were found to stimulate various cell types such as neurons , osteoblasts , and fibroblasts in both in vitro and in vivo studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , to our knowledge , no studies have been reported on the utility of CPs in stimulation of cancer or tumor cells in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report a facile fabrication method of self - doped sulfonated polyaniline ( SPAN ) - based interdigitated electrodes ( IDEs ) for controlled electrical stimulation of human osteosarcoma ( HOS ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonated polyaniline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 81]}, {"entity": "SPAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased degree of sulfonation was found to increase the SPAN conductivity , which in turn improved the cell attachment and cell growth without electrical stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SPAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , an enhanced cell growth was observed under controlled electrical ( AC ) stimulation at low applied voltage and frequency ( <= 800 mV and <= 1 kHz ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cell growth reached a maximum threshold at an applied voltage or frequency and beyond which pronounced cell death was observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We believe that these organic electrodes may find utility in electrical stimulation of cancer or tumor cells for therapy and research and may also provide an alternative to the conventional metal - based electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new triterpene glycosides from Ilex asprella .", "entity": [{"entity": "triterpene glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three new sulfated triterpene glycosides , asprellanosides C - E ( 1 - 3 ) , were isolated from the roots of Ilex asprella .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfated triterpene glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 40]}, {"entity": "asprellanosides C - E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were elucidated as 3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 ( 29 ) - diene - 28 - oic acid 28 - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 1 ) , 3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 - diene - 28 - oic acid 28 - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 2 ) , and 3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 - diene - 28 - oic acid ( 3 ) on the basis of the spectral and chemical methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 ( 29 ) - diene - 28 - oic acid 28 - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 174]}, {"entity": "3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 - diene - 28 - oic acid 28 - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 314]}, {"entity": "3 beta - [ ( 2 - O - sulfo - beta - d - xylopyranosyl ) oxy ] urs - 12 , 19 - diene - 28 - oic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [327, 426]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential of sarcospan in adhesion complex replacement therapeutics for the treatment of muscular dystrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three adhesion complexes span the sarcolemma and facilitate critical connections between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton : the dystrophin - and utrophin - glycoprotein complexes and alpha 7 beta 1 integrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of individual protein components results in a loss of the entire protein complex and muscular dystrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Muscular dystrophy is a progressive , lethal wasting disease characterized by repetitive cycles of myofiber degeneration and regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein replacement therapy offers a promising approach for the treatment of muscular dystrophy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we demonstrated that sarcospan facilitates protein - protein interactions amongst the adhesion complexes and is an important therapeutic target .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we review current protein replacement strategies , discuss the potential benefits of sarcospan expression , and identify important experiments that must be addressed for sarcospan to move to the clinic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is protected by copyright .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , Synthesis and biological evaluation of catecholamine vehicle for studying dopaminergic system .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catecholamine mimetic EDTA - bis ( tyramide ) was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques ( NMR , Mass spectroscopy ) and lambda em 310 nm for the excitation at 270 nm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "EDTA - bis ( tyramide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular docking studies were performed with Human Serum Albumin ( HSA : PDB 1E78 ) , showing binding pattern with amino acid residues Arg218 , Arg222 and Lys444 , identifies the ligand - HSA interaction for the transportation affinity of the ligand at the specific site of the target .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Arg218", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "Arg222", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}, {"entity": "Lys444", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently binding study with HSA at lambda ex = 350 nm found to be 5 . 847x10 ( 4 ) M ( - 1 ) shows effective quenching effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally to go more insight AChE binding affinity was investigated , which shows 90 % binding affinity for the 10 mM concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IC50 value was was found 18 . 60 mu M for MAO - B inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , EDTA - bis ( tyramide ) labeled with ( 99m ) Tc to investigate its in - vivo radiopharmaceutical efficiency , having 97 % binding affinity with 98 % radiochemical purity .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDTA - bis ( tyramide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 33]}, {"entity": "( 99m ) Tc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - vivo studies were carried out for ( 99m ) Tc - EDTA - bis ( tyramide ) included blood kinetics showed a quick wash out from the circulation via renal route and biodistribution revealed that maximum % ID / g was found in kidney at 1h and its scintigraphy image shows 3 . 96 % brain uptake with respect to whole body .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 99m ) Tc - EDTA - bis ( tyramide )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discovery of a new bioactive molecule for neuroblastoma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroblastoma , a common pediatric malignancy of neural crest origin , is unique in its wide spectrum of clinical and biological behavior , ranging from spontaneous regression or differentiation to rapid progression and metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of neurotrophin receptors of the tyrosine kinase ( Trk ) family has been identified as a major prognostic and biological factor for this disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel molecules were selected using cheminformatics tools ( SBVS & LBVS ) and screened in cell - based assays to modulate Trk receptor activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One compound ( C390 - 0031 ) had a potent anti - proliferative activity in dose - response studies using neuroblastoma cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular effects of this molecule were further characterized by using cell - cycle and western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , despite the presence of the anchoring fragment to the Trk kinase domain composing its structure , this molecule does not inhibit TrkA like lestaurtinib , constituting a new chemical with a yet unknown mechanism of action .", "entity": [{"entity": "lestaurtinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Health benefits of seafood ; Is it just the fatty acids ?", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a considerable body of literature suggesting a wide range of health benefits associated with diets high in seafood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the demand for seafood across the world now exceeds that available from capture fisheries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has created a rapidly increasing market for aquaculture products , the nutrient composition of which is dependent on feed composition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of fishmeal in this food chain does little to counteract the environmental impact of fisheries and so the on - going development of alternative sources is to be welcomed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , an in - depth understanding as to which nutrients in seafood provide benefit is required to permit the production of foods of maximal health benefit to humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reviews our current knowledge of the beneficial nutrient composition of seafood , in particular omega - 3 fatty acids , selenium , taurine , vitamins D and B12 , in the context of the development of environmentally sustainable aquaculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "taurine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "vitamins D and B12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessing caffeine intake in the United Kingdom diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine occurs naturally in the leaves and seeds of many plants and is artificially added to some beverages .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consumption of caffeine has been linked to both positive and adverse health outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We incorporated estimates of caffeine content ( mg / 100g or ml ) of foods and drinks , taken from the published literature , to provide a preliminary estimate of caffeine intake for the UK population , based on data collected in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008 - 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among consumers mean total caffeine intakes of adult men 19 + y were significantly greater than intakes by boys 4 - 10y and 11 - 18y ( p < 0 . 05 ) , with the same age - related differences seen for females .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 . 1 % of men 19 + y and 3 . 8 % of women 19 + y had caffeine intakes in excess of 300mg / d .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The addition of caffeine to UK food composition databases will allow more detailed study of the health effects of caffeine consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nutrients and bioactive compounds of Thai indigenous fruits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study determined the nutritional potential of Thai indigenous fruits in terms of nutrients , bioactive compounds , and antioxidant activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three indigenous fruits were collected at two conservation areas in Kanchanaburi province , Thailand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that Phyllanthus emblica L . exhibited the highest levels of vitamin C ( 575 +/- 452mg / 100g ) , total phenolics ( TP ) ( 3703 +/- 1244mGAE / 100g ) , and antioxidant activities , as measured by DPPH , FRAP and ORAC assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to the other two fruits , Antidesma velutinosum Blume contained higher levels of most nutrients and dietary fibre ( 15 . 6 +/- 5 . 9g / 100g ) , as well as carotenoids ( 335 +/- 98 mu g / 100g ) and phytosterols ( 22 . 1 +/- 3 . 9mg / 100g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phytosterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spondias pinnata ( L . f . ) Kurz was high in total phenolics ( 3178 +/- 887mGAE / 100g ) and antioxidant activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , high correlations were found between TP and antioxidant activities ( r > 0 . 9 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These Thai indigenous fruits are potentially good sources of nutrients , bioactive compounds , and antioxidant activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conservation and utilisation should be promoted for food security and consumption as part of a healthy diet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of different maize meal diets on growth and vitamin A : Case - study on chickens .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "South Africa embarked on mandatory vitamin and mineral fortification of wheat flour and maize meal in 2003 as part of a multi - faceted approach to alleviate malnutrition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it was reported , in 2008 , that vitamin A deficiency increased despite the mandatory fortification programme .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This motivates an investigation into the absorption of vitamin A as fortificant in the maize meal .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative absorption , in chickens as the biological model , was determined by evaluating growth and vitamin A status .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weight , cumulative feed intake and liver retinol stores of chickens on different diets were measured over a 6week period .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fortified white maize meal diet was able to maintain the vitamin A status of the chickens .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor absorption of the fortificant vitamin A is therefore not a constraint in combating vitamin A deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is in therefore also important to focus on the level of fortification delivered when consumed as a traditional prepared dish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the traditional diet , maize porridge is often consumed with only a relish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total fat content of the traditional meal is very low , lacking absorption enhancers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Voluntary food fortification with folic acid in Spain : Predicted contribution to children ' s dietary intakes as assessed with new food folate composition data .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Spanish market offers a significant number of folic acid ( FA ) voluntarily fortified foods .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analysed FA and ( 6S ) - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid ( ( 6S ) - 5 - CH3 - H4PteGlu ) content in ready - to - eat cereals ( RTEC ) ( n = 68 ) and cow ' s milk ( n = 25 ) by a previously validated affinity chromatography - HPLC method .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 6S ) - 5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 58]}, {"entity": "( 6S ) - 5 - CH3 - H4PteGlu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contribution to potential FA intakes for children aged 2 - 13years , was assessed using food consumption data from a representative nationwide study , folate Recommended Dietary Intakes ( RDI ) , and Upper Levels ( UL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that at all food fortification levels obtained , fortified products provided more than tenfold FA than ( 6S ) - 5 - CH3 - H4PteGlu .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 6S ) - 5 - CH3 - H4PteGlu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For RTEC , the high fortification level provided 6 - 21 % , per serving , of RDI and >= 32 % of ULs at 90th percentile of RTEC consumption ( P90 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milk products fortified at the higher level reached on average 54 - 136 % of RDI per serving and only exceeded UL at P90 of milk consumption in children aged 2 - 5years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data collection and assessment of commonly consumed foods and recipes in six geo - political zones in Nigeria : Important for the development of a National Food Composition Database and Dietary Assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cross - sectional study was undertaken to collect and assess commonly consumed foods / recipes from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria for the production of food composition database ( FCDB ) for dietary assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Communities used were selected using a multi - stage sampling plan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focus group discussions , interviews , recipe documentation , food preparations and literature reviews were employed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qualitative methods were used to analyse and present data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SWOT ( strengths , weaknesses , opportunities , and threats ) analysis was used to evaluate the project .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 322 recipes were collected out of which 110 were soups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Food consumption patterns across the geographical zones were found to be changing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variations in recipes and methods of preparation of similar foods were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors to be considered in the development of a country - specific FCDB were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were challenges with the use of values reported in literature for Nigerian foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study justifies the need for a country - specific FCDB that will include traditional recipes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary fibre fractions in cereal foods measured by a new integrated AOAC method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reliable determination of soluble , insoluble and total dietary fibre in baked goods and cereal flours is an important issue for research , nutritional labelling and marketing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared total dietary fibre ( TDF ) contents of selected cereal based foods determined by AOAC Method 991 . 43 and the new AOAC Method 2009 . 01 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen bread and bakery products were included in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results showed that TDF values of cereal products determined by AOAC Method 2009 . 01 were always significantly higher than those determined by AOAC Method 991 . 43 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was explained by the inclusion of low molecular weight soluble fibre fractions and resistant starch fractions in the TDF measurement by AOAC 2009 . 01 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This documents that nutritional labelling of cereal products poses the challenge how to update TDF data in nutrient databases in a reasonable time with an acceptable expenditure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total nitrogen vs . amino - acid profile as indicator of protein content of beef .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "amino - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most cited food composition studies and tables , the proximate system measures protein as total nitrogen ( N ) ( determined by Kjeldahl or Dumas method ) multiplied by a specific factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A factor of 6 . 25 is used for determining total protein from total N ( Jones , Munsey , & Walker , 1942 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although more expensive , it is considered more accurate to base protein content of foods on amino acid data ( Greenfield & Southgate , 2003 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A study on the nutrient composition of beef analysed the full amino - acid profile of fifteen retail cuts from three age groups and six fat codes , as well as determined total nitrogen content to determine proximate protein composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino - acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For all cuts , the correlation coefficient of total amino acids to protein ( N x 6 . 25 ) was 0 . 635 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates a poor correlation for predicting actual protein content ( as determined by total amino acid count ) , based on the nitrogen factor of 6 . 25 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On average , the sum of amino acids per cut amounted to 91 % of total determined protein ( N x 6 . 25 ) for the same cut .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biosynthetic conclusions from the functional dissection of oxygenases for biosynthesis of actinorhodin and related streptomyces antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "actinorhodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Actinorhodin ( ACT ) produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3 ( 2 ) belongs to the benzoisochromanequinone ( BIQ ) class of antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Actinorhodin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ACT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "benzoisochromanequinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "BIQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ActVA - ORF5 , a flavin - dependent monooxygenase ( FMO ) essential for ACT biosynthesis , forms a two - component enzyme system in combination with a flavin : NADH oxidoreductase , ActVB .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "ACT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "flavin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genes for homologous two - component FMOs are found in the biosynthetic gene clusters for two other BIQs , granaticin ( GRA ) and medermycin ( MED ) , and a closely related antibiotic , alnumycin ( ALN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BIQs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "granaticin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "medermycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "MED", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "alnumycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 199]}, {"entity": "ALN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our functional analysis of these FMOs ( ActVA - ORF5 , Gra - ORF21 , Med - ORF7 , and AlnT ) in S . coelicolor unambiguously demonstrated that ActVA - ORF5 and Gra - ORF21 are bifunctional and capable of both p - quinone formation at C - 6 in the central ring and C - 8 hydroxylation in the lateral ring , whereas Med - ORF7 catalyzes only p - quinone formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gra", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "Med", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "Gra", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "p - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "Med", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 317]}, {"entity": "p - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 351]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No p - quinone formation on a BIQ substrate was observed for AlnT , which is involved in lateral p - quinone formation in ALN .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "BIQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "p - quinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "ALN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - ( 1H - Pyrazol - 4 - yl ) acetic acids as CRTh2 antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( 1H - Pyrazol - 4 - yl ) acetic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High throughput screening identified the pyrazole - 4 - acetic acid substructure as CRTh2 receptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole - 4 - acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimisation of the compounds uncovered a tight SAR but also identified some low nanomolar inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide Analysis Reveals TET - and TDG - Dependent 5 - Methylcytosine Oxidation Dynamics .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Methylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TET dioxygenases successively oxidize 5 - methylcytosine ( 5mC ) in mammalian genomes to 5 - hydroxymethylcytosine ( 5hmC ) , 5 - formylcytosine ( 5fC ) , and 5 - carboxylcytosine ( 5caC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - methylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "5mC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "5 - hydroxymethylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 114]}, {"entity": "5hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "5 - formylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 144]}, {"entity": "5fC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}, {"entity": "5 - carboxylcytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 179]}, {"entity": "5caC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5fC / 5caC can be excised and repaired to regenerate unmodified cytosines by thymine - DNA glycosylase ( TDG ) and base excision repair ( BER ) pathway , but it is unclear to what extent and at which part of the genome this active demethylation process takes place .", "entity": [{"entity": "5fC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "5caC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "cytosines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "thymine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we have generated genome - wide distribution maps of 5hmC / 5fC / 5caC using modification - specific antibodies in wild - type and Tdg - deficient mouse embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5hmC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "5fC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "5caC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In wild - type mouse ESCs , 5fC / 5caC accumulates to detectable levels at major satellite repeats but not at nonrepetitive loci .", "entity": [{"entity": "5fC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "5caC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , Tdg depletion in mouse ESCs causes marked accumulation of 5fC and 5caC at a large number of proximal and distal gene regulatory elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "5fC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "5caC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , these results reveal the genome - wide view of iterative 5mC oxidation dynamics and indicate that TET / TDG - dependent active DNA demethylation process occurs extensively in the mammalian genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "5mC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of piperazine - 1 - carbothiohydrazide derivatives of indolin - 2 - one .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperazine - 1 - carbothiohydrazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 81]}, {"entity": "indolin - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By varying the substituents ( R ( 1 ) ) at the indolin - 2 - one scaffold , a series of indolin - 2 - one derivatives bearing 4 - phenylpiperazine - 1 - carbothiohydrazide moiety at the C3 - position were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "indolin - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "indolin - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 105]}, {"entity": "4 - phenylpiperazine - 1 - carbothiohydrazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further selected the 5 - chloroindolin - 2 - one moiety for the extension to another series of compounds by varying the substituents ( R ( 2 ) ) at the phenyl group connected with the piperazine ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - chloroindolin - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 51]}, {"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among all the compounds synthesized , 6d and 6l were most potent with IC50 values of 3 . 59 and 5 . 58 mu M , respectively against A549 lung cancer cells , while 5f and 6l possessed IC50 values of 3 . 49 and 4 . 57 mu M , respectively against HCT - 116 colon cancer cells which were comparable to that of Sunitinib , an indolin - 2 - one derivative in cancer therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sunitinib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 314]}, {"entity": "indolin - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BDNF - induced local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain - derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) is an important regulator of synaptic transmission and long - term potentiation ( LTP ) in the hippocampus and in other brain regions , playing a role in the formation of certain forms of memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of BDNF in LTP are mediated by TrkB ( tropomyosin - related kinase B ) receptors , which are known to be coupled to the activation of the Ras / ERK , phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase / Akt and phospholipase C - gamma ( PLC - gamma ) pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of BDNF in LTP is best studied in the hippocampus , where the neurotrophin is thought to act at pre - and post - synaptic levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have shown that BDNF regulates the transport of mRNAs along dendrites and their translation at the synapse , by modulating the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis , and by acting on specific miRNAs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the effect of BDNF on transcription regulation may further contribute to long - term changes in the synaptic proteome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we discuss the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms contributing to the short - and long - term regulation of the synaptic proteome by BDNF , and the role in synaptic plasticity , which is likely to influence learning and memory formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ' BDNF ' .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effects of naringin against paraquat - induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study evaluates protective effects of naringin against paraquat ( PQ ) - induced acute lung injury ( ALI ) and pulmonary fibrosis in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "paraquat", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Survival probability against PQ intoxication was tested by a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that survival rates of mice exposed to PQ only ( 50mg / kg within 7days ) were much lower than that in mice daily treatment with NAC or naringin .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , protection against PQ - induced ALI was tested by daily pretreatment mice with saline , NAC or naringin for 3days before PQ ( 30mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that increase in leukocytes infiltration and overexpressions of TNF - alpha and TGF - beta 1 caused by 8h of PQ exposure were dose - dependently ameliorated by naringin .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , protection against PQ - induced pulmonary fibrosis was tested by pretreatment mice with PQ ( 20mg / kg , i . p . ) , and then daily administration with saline , NAC or naringin for prolonged 21days .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that naringin of 60 and 120mg / kg significantly reduced PQ - induced upregulations of TNF - alpha , TGF - beta 1 , MMP - 9 and TIMP - 1 , levels of pulmonary malonaldehyde and hydroxyproline , as well as pulmonary fibrosis deposition , while increased activities of SOD , GSH - Px and HO - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "malonaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "hydroxyproline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 206]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that naringin had effective protection against PQ - induced ALI and pulmonary fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "naringin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunotoxicological effects of inorganic arsenic on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic ( As ) has been associated with multitude of animal and human health problems ; however , its impact on host immune system has not been extensively investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fish , there are very few works on the potential risks or problems associated to the presence of arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study we have evaluated the effects of exposure ( 30 days ) to sub - lethal concentrations of arsenic ( 5 mu M As2O3 ) in the teleost fish gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) , with special emphasis in the innate immune response .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "As2O3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The arsenic concentration was determined using atomic fluorescence spectrometry ( AFS ) in liver and muscle of exposed fish showing As accumulation in the liver after 30 days of exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatosomatic index was increased at significant extent after 10 days but returned to control values after 30 days of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological alterations in the liver were observed including hypertrophy , vacuolization and cell - death processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focusing on the immunological response , the humoral immune parameters ( seric IgM , complement and peroxidase activities ) were no affected to a statistically significant extent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding the cellular innate parameters , head - kidney leucocyte peroxidase , respiratory burst and phagocytic activities were significantly increased after 10 days of exposition compared to the control fish .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , As - exposure in the seabream affects the immune system .", "entity": [{"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How this might interfere with fish biology , aquaculture management or human consumers warrants further investigations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper describes , for the first time , the immunotoxicological effects of arsenic exposure in the gilthead seabream , which is a species with the largest production in Mediterranean aquaculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of mechanisms involved in the antinociception of the ethanol extract from the inner bark of Caesalpinia pyramidalis in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Fabaceae ) is an endemic tree of the Northeast region of Brazil , mainly in the Caatinga region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More commonly , inner bark or flowers are traditionally used to treat many painful and inflammatory processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A common use of this plant is made by macerating a handful of its stem bark in a liter of wine or sugarcane brandy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is drunk against stomachache , dysenteries , and diarrheas .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : The ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis inner bark was used in mice via oral route , at the doses of 10 , 30 , and 100mg / kg , in behavioral models of nociception and investigates some of the mechanisms underlying this effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The ethanol extract ( 30 and 100mg / kg , P < 0 . 001 ) , given orally , produced dose dependent inhibition of acetic acid - induced visceral pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ethanol extract also caused significant and dose - dependent inhibition of capsaicin - ( 100mg / kg , P < 0 . 001 ) and glutamate - ( 10 , 30 , and 100mg / kg , P < 0 . 01 ) induced pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antinociception caused by the ethanol extract ( 30mg / kg ) in the abdominal constriction test was significantly attenuated ( P < 0 . 001 ) by intraperitoneal treatment of mice with l - arginine ( 600mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "l - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Collectively , the present results suggest that the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis produced dose - related antinociception in several models of pain through mechanisms that involved both glutamatergic system and / or the l - arginine - nitric oxide pathway , supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various painful processes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "l - arginine - nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PERICLES research program : An integrated approach to characterize the combined effects of mixtures of pesticide residues to which the French population is exposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the broad spectrum of pesticide usages , consumers are exposed to mixtures of residues , which may have combined effects on human health .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PERICLES research program aims to test the potential combined effects of pesticide mixtures , which are likely to occur through dietary exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The co - exposure of the French general population to 79 pesticide residues present in the diet was first assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Bayesian non - parametric model was then applied to define the main mixtures to which the French general population is simultaneously and most heavily exposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven mixtures made of two to six pesticides were identified from the exposure assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An in vitro approach was used for investigating the toxicological effects of these mixtures and their corresponding individual compounds , using a panel of cellular models , i . e . primary rat and human hepatocytes , liver , intestine , kidney , colon and brain human cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A set of cell functions and corresponding end - points were monitored such as cytotoxicity , real - time cell impedance , genotoxicity , oxidative stress , apoptosis and PXR nuclear receptor transactivation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mixtures were tested in equimolar concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the seven mixtures , two appeared highly cytotoxic , five activated PXR and depending on the assay one or two were genotoxic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some experiments , the mixture effect was quantitatively different from the effect expected from the addition concept .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PERICLES program shows that , for the most pesticides mixtures to which the French general population is exposed , the toxic effects observed on human cells cannot be easily predicted based on the toxic potential of each compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , additional studies should be carried on in order to more accurately define the mixtures of chemicals to which the consumers are exposed , as well as to improve the investigation , prediction and monitoring of their potential human health effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adult siRNA - induced knockdown of mGlu7 receptors reduces anxiety in the mouse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our knowledge regarding the molecular pathophysiology underlying anxiety disorders remains incomplete .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing evidence points to a role of glutamate in anxiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group III metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGlu4 , mGlu6 , mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors ) remain the least investigated glutamate receptor subtypes partially due to a delay in the development of specific pharmacological tools .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early work using knockout animals and pharmacological tools aimed at investigating the role of mGlu7 receptor in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders has yielded exciting yet not always consistent results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further investigate the role this receptor plays in anxiety - like behaviour , we knocked down mGlu7 receptor mRNA levels in the adult mouse brain using siRNA delivered via an osmotic minipump .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reduced anxiety - like behaviour in the light - dark box coupled with an attenuation of stress - induced hyperthermia ( SIH ) and a reduction of the acoustic startle response ( ASRs ) in the fear - potentiated startle paradigm ( FPS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects on anxiety - like behaviour were independent of any impairment of locomotor activity and surprisingly , no behavioural changes were observed in the forced swim test ( FST ) , which is in contrast to mGlu7 receptor knockout animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the previously reported epilepsy - prone phenotype seen in mGlu7 receptor knockout animals was not observed following siRNA - induced knockdown of the receptor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest targeting mGlu7 receptors with selective antagonist drugs may be an effective and safe strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infliximab counteracts tumor necrosis factor - alpha - enhanced induction of matrix metalloproteinases that degrade claudin and occludin in non - pigmented ciliary epithelium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infliximab , a monoclonal antibody directed against human tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) , effectively treats anterior uveitis , which can accompany Beh c et ' s disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the underlying mechanism of this action .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined human , non - pigmented ciliary epithelial cells ( HNPCECs ) , which make up the blood - aqueous barrier ( BAB ) in the uvea .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs in the presence or absence of TNF - alpha using quantitative , real - time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of MMP - 1 , MMP - 3 , and MMP - 9 increased in the presence of TNF - alpha , and the addition of infliximab reversed the increase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The TNF - alpha effects were more attenuated when infliximab was added before than when it was added after TNF - alpha exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gelatin zymography demonstrated that the protease activity of these MMPs was also increased in the presence of TNF - alpha and attenuated with infliximab .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunostaining showed that MMP - 1 , MMP - 3 , and MMP - 9 degraded claudin - 1 and occludin in HNPCECs and in non - pigmented ciliary epithelial cells of the swine ciliary body .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a monolayer of HNPCECs , we found that permeability was significantly increased with MMP treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , TNF - alpha increased levels of MMPs in cells that form the BAB , and MMPs degraded components of the tight junctions in the BAB , which increased permeability through the cellular barrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , infliximab effectively attenuated the TNF - alpha - induced increases in MMP expression in cells that make up the BAB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings might suggest a basis for the clinical prevention of anterior uveitis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effects of selenium on oxidative damage and oxidative stress related gene expression in rat liver under chronic poisoning of arsenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arsenic ( As ) is a toxic metalloid existing widely in the environment , and chronic exposure to it through contaminated drinking water has become a global problem of public health .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study focused on the protective effects of selenium on oxidative damage of chronic arsenic poisoning in rat liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were divided into four groups at random and given designed treatments for 20weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The oxidative damage of liver tissue was evaluated by lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress related genes were detected to reflect the liver stress state at the molecular level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to the control and Na2SeO3 groups , the MDA content in liver tissue was decreased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased in the Na2SeO3 intervention group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na2SeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "Na2SeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA levels of SOD1 , CAT , GPx and Txnrd1 were increased significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) in the combined Na2SeO3 + NaAsO2 treatment group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na2SeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "NaAsO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expressions of HSP70 and HO - 1 were significantly ( P < 0 . 05 ) increased in the NaAsO2 group and reduced in the combined treatment group .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaAsO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that long - term intake of NaAsO2 causes oxidative damage in the rat liver , and Na2SeO3 protects liver cells by adjusting the expression of oxidative stress related genes to improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaAsO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "Na2SeO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Juniperus oxycedrus L . subsp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oxycedrus and Juniperus oxycedrus L . subsp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "macrocarpa ( Sibth . & Sm . ) Ball .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" berries \" from Turkey : Comparative evaluation of phenolic profile , antioxidant , cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work aimed to evaluate and compare the phenolic profile and some biological properties of the ripe \" berries \" methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L . subsp .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oxycedrus ( Joo ) and Juniperus oxycedrus L . subsp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( Jom ) from Turkey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total phenolic content resulted about 3 - fold higher in Jom ( 17 . 89 +/- 0 . 23mg GAE / g extract ) than in Joo ( 5 . 14 +/- 0 . 06mg GAE / g extract ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The HPLC - DAD - ESI - MS analysis revealed a similar flavonoid fingerprint in Joo and Jom , whereas a difference in their quantitative content was found ( 4632 mu g / g extract and 12 , 644 mu g / g extract ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , three phenolic acids were detected in Jom only ( 5765 mu g / g extract ) , and protocatechuic acid was the most abundant one .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "protocatechuic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by different in vitro assays : in the DPPH and in the TBA tests a stronger activity in Jom was highlighted , while Joo exhibited higher reducing power and metal chelating activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "TBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Joo and Jom did not affect HepG2 cell viability and both extracts resulted virtually non - toxic against Artemia salina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracts were also studied for their antimicrobial potential , displaying efficacy against Gram - positive bacteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular basis of simple relationships between exposure concentration and toxic effects with time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the toxicity of chemicals to organisms requires considering the molecular mechanisms involved as well as the relationships between exposure concentration and toxic effects with time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our current knowledge about such relationships is mainly explained from a toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic perspective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper re - introduces an old approach that takes into account the biochemical mode of action and their resulting biological effects over time of exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Empirical evidence demonstrates that the Druckrey - K u pfm u ller toxicity model , which was validated for chemical carcinogens in the early 1960s , is also applicable to a wide range of toxic compounds in ecotoxicology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to this model , the character of a poison is primarily determined by the reversibility of critical receptor binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemicals showing irreversible or slowly reversible binding to specific receptors will produce cumulative effects with time of exposure , and whenever the effects are also irreversible ( e . g . death ) they are reinforced over time ; these chemical have time - cumulative toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds having non - specific receptor binding , or involving slowly reversible binding to some receptors that do not contribute to toxicity , may also be time - dependent ; however , their effects depend primarily on the exposure concentration , with time playing a minor role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , the mechanism of toxic action has important implications for risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Traditional risk approaches cannot predict the impacts of toxicants with time - cumulative toxicity in the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New assessment procedures are needed to evaluate the risk that the latter chemicals pose on humans and the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An example is shown to explain how the risk of time - dependent toxicants is underestimated when using current risk assessment protocols .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive effects of variations in pubertal timing : Is puberty a period of brain organization for human sex - typed cognition ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is considerable interest in the organizational effects of pubertal sex hormones on human sex - related characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence from rodents suggests that there is a decreasing window of sensitivity to sex hormones throughout adolescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If adolescence also represents a period of brain organization in human beings , then the timing of exposure to sex - typical hormones at puberty should have long - term effects on sex - typed characteristics : individuals with early timing should be more sex - typed than individuals with late timing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tested this hypothesis in 320 young adults by relating their pubertal timing ( retrospective comparison to peers ) to cognitive abilities that show sex differences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results provide partial support for the hypothesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For men , pubertal timing was inversely related to scores on a test of three - dimensional mental rotations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects do not appear to be due to duration of hormone exposure ( time since puberty ) , but other potential influences need further study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New anticancer active and selective phenylene - bisbenzothiazoles : Synthesis , antiproliferative evaluation and DNA binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylene - bisbenzothiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel amidino - derivatives of phenylene - bisbenzothiazoles were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines , as well as DNA - binding properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "amidino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "phenylene - bisbenzothiazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthetic approach used for preparation of isomeric amidino substituted - phenylene - bis - benzothyazoles 3a - 3f was achieved by condensation reaction of isophthaloyl dichloride 1a and terephthaloyl dichloride 1b or with phthalic acid 1c with 5 - amidinium - 2 - aminobenzothiolate 2a and 5 - ( imidazolinium - 2 - yl ) - 2 - aminobenzothiolate 2b in good yields .", "entity": [{"entity": "amidino substituted - phenylene - bis - benzothyazoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 110]}, {"entity": "isophthaloyl dichloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 183]}, {"entity": "terephthaloyl dichloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 215]}, {"entity": "phthalic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 240]}, {"entity": "5 - amidinium - 2 - aminobenzothiolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 287]}, {"entity": "5 - ( imidazolinium - 2 - yl ) - 2 - aminobenzothiolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The targeted compounds were converted in the desired water soluble dihydrochloride salts by reaction of appropriate free base with concd HCl in ethanol or acetic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 151]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All tested compounds ( 3a - 3f ) showed antiproliferative effects on tumour cells in a concentration - dependant manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strongest activity and cytotoxicity was observed for diimidazolinyl substituted phenylene - bisbenzothiazole compound 3b .", "entity": [{"entity": "diimidazolinyl substituted phenylene - bisbenzothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were shown to be related to DNA - binding properties , topoisomerase I and II poisoning effects and apoptosis induction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest tested selectivity towards tumour cells was observed for the imidazolyl substituted phenylene - benzothiazole 3d that showed no cytotoxic effects on normal fibroblasts making it an excellent candidate for further chemical optimization and preclinical evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "imidazolyl substituted phenylene - benzothiazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Bioluminescent Assay System for Whole - Cell Determination of Hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A bioluminescent - assay system was fabricated for an efficient determination of bioactive small molecules in physiological samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following three components were newly created for this assay system : ( i ) a single - chain probe exerting a 7 . 2 - times stronger optical intensity than conventional ones , ( ii ) a high throughput assay device uniquely designed for the assay system with ca . one - fourth smaller standard deviation ( SD ) to samples than without the device , ( iii ) a buffer cocktail optimized for the assay system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The advantages of the assay system were evaluated by determining ( i ) the stress hormone levels in human saliva and ( ii ) multicolor imaging of genomic and nongenomic effects of woman sex hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study guides on how to fabricate an efficient assay system for bioactive small molecules with convenience and high precision .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large networks of vertical multi - layer graphenes with morphology - tunable magnetoresistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on the comparative study of magnetotransport properties of large - area vertical few - layer graphene networks with different morphologies , measured in a strong ( up to 10 T ) magnetic field over a wide temperature range .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The petal - like and tree - like graphene networks grown by a plasma enhanced CVD process on a thin ( 500 nm ) silicon oxide layer supported by a silicon wafer demonstrate a significant difference in the resistance - magnetic field dependencies at temperatures ranging from 2 to 200 K .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "silicon oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This behaviour is explained in terms of the effect of electron scattering at ultra - long reactive edges and ultra - dense boundaries of the graphene nanowalls .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results pave a way towards three - dimensional vertical graphene - based magnetoelectronic nanodevices with morphology - tuneable anisotropic magnetic properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of the biliverdin cofactor in the Pfr state of bathy and prototypical phytochromes .", "entity": [{"entity": "biliverdin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of the chromophore binding pockets in the Pfr states of various bathy and prototypical biliverdin - binding phytochromes were analysed by using a combined spectroscopic - theoretical approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "biliverdin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the Pfr state of the bathy phytochrome from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( PaBphP ) the very good agreement between calculated Raman spectra of the tetrapyrrole cofactor , obtained by quantum - mechanical / molecular - mechanical hybrid methods , and the experimental resonance Raman ( RR ) spectra confirms important conclusions derived from the previous crystallographic analyses , particularly the ZZEssa configuration of the chromophore and its attachment to the thiol side chain of Cys12 via the exocyclic vinyl group of ring A .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetrapyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [465, 470]}, {"entity": "Cys12", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [485, 490]}, {"entity": "vinyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [509, 514]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The match between the RR spectra of the Pfr states of PaBphP and the bathy phytochrome Agp2 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens indicates very similar structures of the chromophore binding pockets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homogeneous chromophore conformation in bathy phytochromes is in sharp contrast to the Pfr states of prototypical phytochromes as demonstrated by comparative RR spectroscopic analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pfr states of prototypical phytochromes , thoroughly studied for Agp1 ( A . tumefaciens ) , display conformational equilibria between two sub - states differing with respect to the CD methine bridge torsional angle and the AB methine bridge geometry .", "entity": [{"entity": "methine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 195]}, {"entity": "methine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These differences may mainly root in the interactions of the cofactor with the highly conserved Asp194 ( PaBphP ) that occur via its carboxylate function in bathy phytochromes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asp194", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 102]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The weaker interactions via the carbonyl function in prototypical phytochromes may lead to a higher structural flexibility of the chromophore binding pocket that opens the reaction channel for the thermal ( ZZE --> ZZZ ) Pfr - to - Pr back - conversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic Information and the Prediction of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a High - Risk Multi - Ethnic Population : The EpiDREAM Genetic Study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVESTo determine if 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) associated with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) in Europeans are also associated with T2DM in South Asians and Latinos , and if they can add to the prediction of incident T2DM in a high - risk population . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn the EpiDREAM prospective cohort study , physical measures , questionnaires , and blood samples were collected from 25 , 063 individuals at risk for dysglycemia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen SNPs that have been robustly associated with T2DM in Europeans were genotyped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among 15 , 466 European , South Asian , and Latino subjects , we examined the association of these 16 SNPs alone and combined in a gene score with incident cases of T2DM ( n = 1 , 016 ) that developed during 3 . 3 years of follow - up . RESULTSNine of the 16 SNPs were significantly associated with T2DM , and their direction of effect was consistent across the three ethnic groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene score was significantly higher among subjects who developed incident T2DM ( cases vs . noncases : 16 . 47 [ 2 . 50 ] vs . 15 . 99 [ 2 . 56 ] ; P = 0 . 00001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene score remained an independent predictor of incident T2DM with an odds ratio of 1 . 08 ( 95 % CI , 1 . 05 - 1 . 11 ) per additional risk allele after adjustment for T2DM risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene score in those with no family history of T2DM was 16 . 02 , whereas it was 16 . 19 in those with one parent with T2DM and it was 16 . 32 in those with two parents with T2DM ( P trend = 0 . 0004 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C statistic of T2DM risk factors was 0 . 708 ( 0 . 691 - 0 . 725 ) and increased only marginally to 0 . 714 ( 0 . 698 - 0 . 731 ) with the addition of the gene score ( P for C statistic change = 0 . 0052 ) . CONCLUSIONT2DM genetic associations are generally consistent across ethnic groups , and a gene score only adds marginal information to clinical factors for T2DM prediction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strain - induced Dirac cone - like electronic structures and semiconductor - semimetal transition in graphdiyne .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphdiyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of first - principles calculations combined with the tight - binding approximation , the strain - induced semiconductor - semimetal transition in graphdiyne is discovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphdiyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is shown that the band gap of graphdiyne increases from 0 . 47 eV to 1 . 39 eV with increasing the biaxial tensile strain , while the band gap decreases from 0 . 47 eV to nearly zero with increasing the uniaxial tensile strain , and Dirac cone - like electronic structures are observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphdiyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The uniaxial strain - induced changes of the electronic structures of graphdiyne come from the breaking of geometrical symmetry that lifts the degeneracy of energy bands .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphdiyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The properties of graphdiyne under strains are found to differ remarkably from that of graphene .", "entity": [{"entity": "graphdiyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nascent polypeptide - associated complex is a key regulator of proteostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adaptation of protein synthesis to environmental and physiological challenges is essential for cell viability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that translation is tightly linked to the protein - folding environment of the cell through the functional properties of the ribosome bound chaperone NAC ( nascent polypeptide - associated complex ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under non - stress conditions , NAC associates with ribosomes to promote translation and protein folding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When proteostasis is imbalanced , NAC relocalizes from a ribosome - associated state to protein aggregates in its role as a chaperone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in a functional depletion of NAC from the ribosome that diminishes translational capacity and the flux of nascent proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of NAC from polysomes and re - localisation to protein aggregates is observed during ageing , in response to heat shock and upon expression of the highly aggregation - prone polyglutamine - expansion proteins and A beta - peptide .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyglutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that NAC has a central role as a proteostasis sensor to provide the cell with a regulatory feedback mechanism in which translational activity is also controlled by the folding state of the cellular proteome and the cellular response to stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antifungal Azoles : Structural Insights into Undesired Tight Binding to Cholesterol - Metabolizing CYP46A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there are currently three generations of antifungal azoles on the market , even the third generation agents show undesired interactions with human cytochrome P450 enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "azoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP46A1 is a cholesterol - metabolizing P450 in the brain tightly binding a number of structurally distinct azoles .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "azoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previously , we determined the crystal structures of CYP46A1 in complex with voriconazole and clotrimazole , and in the present work we co - crystallized the P450 with posaconazole at 2 . 5 A resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "voriconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "clotrimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "posaconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This long antifungal drug coordinates the P450 heme iron with the nitrogen atom of its terminal azole ring and adopts a linear configuration occupying the whole length of the substrate access channel and extending beyond the protein surface .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous drug - protein interactions determine the submicromolar Kd of posaconazole for CYP46A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "posaconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the crystal structure of posaconazole - bound CYP46A1 with those of the P450 in complex with other drugs including the antifungal voriconazole and clotrimazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "posaconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "voriconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 154]}, {"entity": "clotrimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also analyzed the accommodation of posaconazole in the active site of the target enzymes , CYPs 51 , from several pathogenic species .", "entity": [{"entity": "posaconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These and the solution studies with different marketed azoles , collectively , allowed us to identify the determinants of tight azole binding to CYP46A1 and generate an overall picture of azole binding to this important P450 .", "entity": [{"entity": "azoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 133]}, {"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data obtained suggest that development of CYP51 - specific antifungal agents will continue to be a challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , structural understanding of the azole binding not only to CYPs 51 from the pathogenic species but also to different human P450s is required to deal efficiently with this challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological activation of kappa opioid receptors : aversive effects in adolescent and adult male rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : The dynorphin ( DYN ) / kappa opioid receptor ( KOR ) system is involved in the dysphoric properties of drugs of abuse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that adolescents show reduced sensitivity to aversive effects of many drugs , alterations in the DYN / KOR system may contribute to the prevalence of drug use during adolescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study was designed to assess dysphoric properties of a selective kappa agonist , U62 , 066 , in adolescent and adult rats using both conditioned taste aversion ( CTA ) and conditioned place aversion ( CPA ) paradigms .", "entity": [{"entity": "U62 , 066", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : For CTA , water - restricted rats were administered U62 , 066 following 30 min access to a saccharin solution , with subsequent saccharin consumption used to index aversion .", "entity": [{"entity": "U62 , 066", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "saccharin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For CPA , animals were allowed access to both compartments of a two - compartment chamber for a 15 - min pre - and post - conditioning test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For conditioning , subjects were administered U62 , 066 prior to confinement to one side of the chamber and saline prior to confinement to the other side for a total of four pairings .", "entity": [{"entity": "U62 , 066", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Overall , adolescents displayed reduced sensitivity to the kappa agonist relative to adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adults demonstrated taste aversions to the 0 . 2 and 0 . 3 mg / kg doses of U62 , 066 , whereas adolescents did not display aversions to any tested doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "U62 , 066", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adults demonstrated a place aversion to the 0 . 1 and 0 . 2 mg / kg dose of U62 , 066 when paired with the preferred side of the conditioning chamber .", "entity": [{"entity": "U62 , 066", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adolescents did not display aversions to any of the doses tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Reduced sensitivity to DYN / KOR system activation during adolescence may be a contributing factor to the age - typical insensitivity to aversive properties of drugs commonly abused by adolescents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Automatic approach bias towards smoking cues is present in smokers but not in ex - smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Drug - addicted individuals show automatic approach tendencies towards drug - related cues , i . e . , an approach bias ( ApB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , little is known about ApB in tobacco smokers and about the presence of ApB after smoking abstinence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : We investigated ApB to smoking cues in heavy tobacco smokers versus never - smokers and studied its relation to smoking characteristics and craving .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , we compared ApBs of heavy smokers with biases of abstinent heavy smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : A group of current heavy smokers ( n = 24 ) , ex - smokers who were abstinent for at least 5 years ( n = 20 ) , and never - smokers ( n = 20 ) took part in the experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An indirect smoking approach avoidance task was performed , in which participants were required to respond to pictures of smoking and neutral cues by pulling ( approach ) or pushing ( avoid ) on a joystick , according to the content - irrelevant format of the picture ( landscape or portrait ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Craving scores were examined using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Heavy smokers showed an ApB for smoking cues compared to ex - smokers and never - smokers , which correlated positively to craving scores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no group differences in ApB scores for ex - smokers and never - smokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results suggest that ApBs for smoking cues are present in heavy smokers and decrease after long - term successful smoking cessation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylphenidate reduces functional connectivity of nucleus accumbens in brain reward circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens ( NAcc ) is essential for acute drug reward .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to trace the reinforcing effect of dopamine release by measuring the functional connectivity ( FC ) between the NAcc and brain regions involved in a limbic cortical - subcortical circuit during a dopaminergic challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty healthy volunteers received single doses of methylphenidate ( 40 mg ) and placebo on separate test days according to a double - blind , cross - over study design .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) was measured between 1 . 5 and 2 h postdosing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FC between regions of interest ( ROI ) in the NAcc , the medial dorsal nucleus ( MDN ) of the thalamus and remote areas within the limbic circuit was explored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylphenidate significantly reduced FC between the NAcc and the basal ganglia ( i . e . , subthalamic nucleus and ventral pallidum ( VP ) ) , relative to placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "pallidum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylphenidate also decreased FC between the NAcc and the medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) as well as the temporal cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylphenidate did not affect FC between MDN and the limbic circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that methylphenidate directly affects the limbic reward circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - induced changes in FC of the NAcc may serve as a useful marker of drug activity in in the brain reward circuit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Balancing power density based quantum yield characterization of upconverting nanoparticles for arbitrary excitation intensities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upconverting nanoparticles ( UCNPs ) have recently shown great potential as contrast agents in biological applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In developing different UCNPs , the characterization of their quantum yield ( QY ) is a crucial issue , as the typically drastic decrease in QY for low excitation power densities can either impose a severe limitation or provide an opportunity in many applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The power density dependence of the QY is governed by the competition between the energy transfer upconversion ( ETU ) rate and the linear decay rate in the depopulation of the intermediate state of the involved activator in the upconversion process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the QYs of Yb ( 3 + ) sensitized two - photon upconversion emissions can be well characterized by the balancing power density , at which the ETU rate and the linear decay rate have equal contributions , and its corresponding QY .", "entity": [{"entity": "Yb ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results in this paper provide a method to fully describe the QY of upconverting nanoparticles for arbitrary excitation power densities , and is a fast and simple approach for assessing the applicability of UCNPs from the perspective of energy conversion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sparstolonin B suppresses lipopolysaccharide - induced inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sparstolonin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sparstolonin B ( SsnB ) is an isocoumarin compound isolated from the tubers of both Sparganium stoloniferum and Scirpus yagara .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sparstolonin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "isocoumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously demonstrated that SsnB blocked the Toll - like receptor ( TLR ) 2 - and TLR4 - triggered inflammatory signaling in macrophages by inhibiting the recruitment of MyD88 to the TIR domains of TLR2 and TLR4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to examine the effects of SsnB on vascular inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) challenged by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS , a TLR4 ligand ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that SsnB dose - dependently attenuated the LPS - induced expression of interleukin ( IL ) - 1 beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 both at the transcription and translation levels in HUVEC .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LPS - induced endothelial cell adhesion molecules , intercellular adhesion molecular - 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 expressions were also reduced by treatment with SsnB .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , co - incubation with SsnB attenuated THP - 1 monocyte adhesion to LPS - activated HUVECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , SsnB efficiently suppressed LPS - induced phosphorylation of extracellular - signal - regulated kinase ( Erk1 / 2 ) and Akt in HUVECs .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings show that SsnB can suppress endothelial cell inflammation , suggesting that SsnB might be suitable for development as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "SsnB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytochrome p450 - mediated changes in oxycodone pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics and their clinical implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In recent years the use of the opioid oxycodone has increased markedly and replacing morphine as the first - line choice of opioid in several countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are formulations for oral immediate , oral extended release and intravenous use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bioavailability is higher than for morphine and less variable .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxycodone is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) enzymes with CYP3A as the major metabolic pathway and CYP2D6 as the minor metabolic pathway to noroxycodone , oxymorphone and noroxymorphone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "noroxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 186]}, {"entity": "oxymorphone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 200]}, {"entity": "noroxymorphone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxycodone exerts its analgesic effect via the micro - opioid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates varies to a large degree between individuals as a result of allele functionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor metabolizers ( PM ) have two non - functional alleles , extensive metabolizers ( EM ) are homozygous with two functional alleles or heterozygous with one functional allele and ultrarapid metabolizers ( UM ) have more than two functional alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are pronounced interethnic differences in the allele distribution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of studies performed thus far , oxycodone concentrations in comparison with EM are similar in PM and reduced in UM .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetics in UM are insufficiently investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous inhibition of both CYP3A and CYP2D6 results in increased oxycodone concentrations and such a combination should be avoided .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar effect is to be expected with use of a CYP3A inhibitor in CYP2D6 PM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant use of enzyme inducers such as rifampicin , St John ' s wort and carbamazepine should be avoided because of the risk of subtherapeutic concentrations of oxycodone .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the dosage of morphine may result in unpredictable bioavailability , like in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis , oxycodone might be beneficial because it has higher and less variability in bioavailability between patients than morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "oxycodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using multiple targeted therapies in oncology : considerations for use , and progress to date in breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been significant progress in our basic understanding of drugs and targets in the management of breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent breast cancer clinical trials have examined whether combinations of drugs targeting transmembrane receptors or their downstream effectors involved in cell signal transduction can increase response rates and overcome acquired and / or de novo drug resistance compared to a single targeted agent with or without systemic chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We reviewed published clinical trials and conference proceedings examining combinations of targeted therapies across different breast cancer subtypes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvements in pathological complete response ( pCR ) rates and progression free survival ( PFS ) in preoperatively treated and metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2 ( HER2 ) - positive breast cancer , respectively , have been observed with combinations of anti - HER2 therapies given concomitantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Promising results were also observed in estrogen receptor ( ER ) - positive , HER2 - negative breast cancer using a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor ( AI ) in the preoperative setting and for patients with metastatic breast cancer that had previously progressed on endocrine therapy alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "tamoxifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A recent phase II trial reported a statistically significant improvement in PFS with the addition of an oral inhibitor of cyclin - dependent kinase 4 / 6 to letrozole compared to letrozole alone ( 26 . 1 versus 7 . 5 months ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "letrozole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}, {"entity": "letrozole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phase III study is planned for early 2013 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of preclinical data , clinical trials have examined combinations of hormonal agents such as fulvestrant with an AI .", "entity": [{"entity": "fulvestrant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results are conflicting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early data indicated that poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase ( PARP ) inhibitors exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality would offer improved outcomes for patients with ER - negative , progesterone receptor ( PR ) - negative , HER2 - negative breast cancer often referred to as triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC ) ; however , data in the phase III setting failed to confirm these findings but this may be because the drug was not a true PARP inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemotherapy continues to be the mainstay of treatment for TNBC until specific drugs and their associated targets are identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As advances in medical technologies continue to identify multiple molecularly distinct breast cancer subgroups that are predicted to respond to combinations of targeted agents new challenges have arisen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , how do we evaluate the safety and efficacy of these new drug combinations in relatively small subgroups of patients ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Novel clinical trial designs will be required and increasingly regulatory agencies will require companion diagnostic tests that can identify the subgroups likely to respond to these therapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US Food and Drug Administration is assessing the role of pCR in breast cancer studies as a surrogate endpoint to predict clinical benefit in the accelerated drug approval process .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hedgehog Signaling Pathway and Cancer Therapeutics : Progress to Date .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hedgehog ( Hh ) pathway is a developmental signaling pathway involved in numerous developmental processes , including determination of cell fate , patterning , proliferation , survival , and differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While this pathway is silenced in most adult tissues , aberrant activation of it has been documented in a variety of malignancies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cancers such as basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) , ligand - independent mechanisms lead to constitutive Hh pathway activation through mutations in components of the pathway , including patched - 1 ( PTCH1 ) or smoothened ( SMO ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , numerous other solid and hematologic tumors have been shown to harbor ligand - dependent activation of the Hh pathway by autocrine or paracrine mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that aberrant Hh pathway signaling has been seen in a number of malignancies , this pathway has been an attractive target for drug development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the best - characterized approach is to target the SMO receptor , other rational approaches for inhibiting the Hh pathway include inhibiting downstream components or directly binding Hh ligands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In January of 2012 , vismodegib , a SMO antagonist , became the first agent to target the Hh pathway to receive approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) after this agent showed remarkable activity in phase I and II trials for the treatment of BCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "vismodegib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite promising preclinical studies with Hh pathway inhibitors in other malignancies that have suggested a potential role for these agents , attempts to translate this potential to clinical benefit has been disappointing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future efforts will require further careful interpretation and analysis to determine the potential determinants and predictors of efficacy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , several phase I and II trials evaluating Hh inhibitors in a variety of tumor settings are underway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological Change and Mobility Enhancement in PEDOT : PSS by Adding Co - solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adding ethylene glycol ( EG ) to poly ( 3 , 4 - ethylenedioxythiophene ) : poly ( styrenesulfonate ) ( PEDOT : PSS ) solution improves the crystallinity of the PEDOT and the ordering of the PEDOT nanocrystals in solid films .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "poly ( 3 , 4 - ethylenedioxythiophene )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 72]}, {"entity": "poly ( styrenesulfonate )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 100]}, {"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 108]}, {"entity": "PSS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 165]}, {"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The carrier - mobility enhancement is confirmed by using ion - gel transistors combined with in situ UV - vis - NIR spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Generic Micropatterning Platform to Direct Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Origins Towards Myogenic Differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) derived from various origins show varied differentiation capability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent work shows that cell shape manipulation via micropatterning can modulate the differentiation of bone - marrow - derived MSCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , the effect of micropatterning on the myogenesis of MSCs isolated from three different sources ( bone marrow , fetal tissue , and adipose ) is reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the well - aligned cells , regardless of source , predominantly commit to myogenic lineage , as shown by the significant upregulation of myogenic gene markers and positive myosin heavy chain staining .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is demonstrated that our novel micropattern can be used as a generic platform for inducing myogenesis of MSCs from different sources and may also have the potential to be extended to induce other lineage commitment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D Graphene Foams Cross - linked with Pre - encapsulated Fe3 O4 Nanospheres for Enhanced Lithium Storage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrostatic assembly between Fe3 O4 nanospheres and graphene oxide , and subsequent hydrothermal assembly with additional graphene sheets , leads to Fe3 O4 nanospheres encapsulated in the graphene shells and interconnected by the graphene networks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "graphene oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such 3D Fe3 O4 / graphene foams exhibit enhanced lithium storage with excellent cycling performance and rate capability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fe3 O4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphometric and Functional Changes of Salivary Gland Dysfunction after Radioiodine Ablation in a Murine Model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : Ablation of the thyroid tissue using radioiodine ( RI ) after the surgical removal of well - differentiated thyroid cancer ( WDTC ) can induce radiation - related salivary gland ( SG ) dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in vivo changes of SGs following RI administration in appropriate animal models are not well described in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to document morphometric and functional changes during the 12 months following RI administration in a murine model of RI - induced SG dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : Female C57BL / 6 , 4 - week - old mice ( n = 60 ) were divided into a RI - treated group ( n = 30 ) that received RI orally ( 0 . 01 mCi / g body weight ) or an unexposed control group ( n = 30 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice in both groups were divided into five subgroups ( n = 6 per subgroup ) and sacrificed at 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months post - RI administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salivary flow rates ( SFR ) and salivary lag times were measured at 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months after RI administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological and histological examinations and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) assays were performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxynucleotidyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "dUTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , changes in salivary 99m Tc pertechnetate uptake and excretion were observed by single - photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "99m Tc pertechnetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : In RI - treated mice , the SGs were significantly lighter compared to unexposed controls at all study time points .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lag times to salivation in the RI - treated group were greater than in the unexposed controls , but mean SFR were lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histologic examinations of SGs in the RI - group showed pale cytoplasm , atypical ductal configuration , septal widening , cytoplasmic vacuolization with pleomorphism , lymphocyte infiltration , and increased fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , more apoptotic cells were observed in acini and ducts in the RI group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , patterns of 99m Tc pertechnetate uptake and excretion in the RI - group were quite different from those observed in controls at 1 and 12 months post - RI .", "entity": [{"entity": "99m Tc pertechnetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Various histological alterations were observed in mice exposed to radioiodine , that is , an increase in apoptotic acini and ductal cells and functional SG deterioration .", "entity": [{"entity": "radioiodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The murine model of RI - induced SG dysfunction used in the present study appears to be applicable to preclinical research on RI - induced sialadenitis in patients with WDTC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recommendations for the Use of Prolonged - Release Fampridine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fampridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged - release fampridine ( fampridine PR ) is a potassium channel blocker that improves conductivity of signal on demyelinated axons in central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "fampridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "fampridine PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fampridine PR has been approved to improve speed of walking in patients with multiple sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fampridine PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This statement provides a brief summary of data on fampridine PR and recommendations on practical use of the medication in clinical practice , prediction , and evaluation of response to treatment and patient management .", "entity": [{"entity": "fampridine PR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synaptotagmin 1 is required for vesicular Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A low - affinity Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport was described in the membrane of mammalian brain synaptic vesicles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophysiological studies showed that this antiport contributes to the extreme brevity of excitation - release coupling in rapid synapses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synaptotagmin - 1 , a vesicular protein interacting with membranes upon low - affinity Ca ( 2 + ) - binding , plays a major role in excitation - release coupling , by synchronizing calcium entry with fast neurotransmitter release .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that synaptotagmin - 1 is necessary for expression of the vesicular Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measured Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport activity in vesicles and granules of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by three methods : ( 1 ) Ca ( 2 + ) - induced dissipation of the vesicular H ( + ) - gradient ; ( 2 ) bafilomycin - sensitive calcium accumulation and ( 3 ) pH - jump - induced calcium accumulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 191]}, {"entity": "bafilomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 222]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 242]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were congruent and highly significant : Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport activity is detectable only in acidic organelles expressing functional synaptotagmin - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , synaptotagmin - 1 - deficient cells - and cells where transgenically encoded synaptotagmin - 1 was acutely photo - inactivated - were devoid of any Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) - antiport activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , in addition to its previously described functions , synaptotagmin - 1 is involved in a rapid vesicular Ca ( 2 + ) sequestration through a Ca ( 2 + ) / H ( + ) antiport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "H ( + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell - Cycle Changes and Oxidative Stress Response to Magnetite in A549 Human Lung Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a recent study , magnetite was investigated for its potential to induce toxic effects and influence signaling pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was clearly demonstrated that ROS formation leads to mitochondrial damage and genotoxic effects in A549 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these findings , we wanted to elucidate the origin of magnetite - mediated ROS formation and its influence on the cell cycle of A549 and H1299 human lung epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concentration - and size - dependent superoxide formation , measured by electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR ) , was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we could show that the GSH level decreased significantly after exposure to magnetite particles , while catalase ( CAT ) activity was increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were also dependent on particle size , albeit less pronounced than those observed with EPR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We were able to show that incubation of A549 cells prior to particle treatment with diphenyleneiodonium ( DPI ) , a NADPH - oxidase ( NOX ) inhibitor , leads to decreased ROS formation , but this effect was not observed for the NOX inhibitor apocynin .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenyleneiodonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 103]}, {"entity": "DPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 121]}, {"entity": "apocynin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soluble iron does not contribute considerably to ROS production .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of cell - cycle distribution revealed a pronounced sub - G1 peak , which cannot be linked to increased cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis did not show activation of p53 but upregulation of p21 in A549 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we were unexpectedly able to demonstrate that exposure to magnetite leads to p21 - mediated G1 - like arrest .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has been reported previously only for low concentrations of microtubule stabilization drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the arrested sub - G1 cells were viable and showed no caspase 3 / 7 activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial and demelanizing activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract , p - hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids and their synthetic acetylated glucuronide methyl esters .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 108]}, {"entity": "acetylated glucuronide methyl esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mushroom extracts or isolated compounds may be useful in the search of new potent antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , it is described the synthesis of protected ( acetylated ) glucuronide derivatives of p - hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids , two compounds identified in the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their antimicrobial and demelanizing activities were evaluated and compared to the parent acids and G . lucidum extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p - Hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids , as also their protected glucuronide derivatives revealed high antimicrobial ( antibacterial and antifungal ) activity , even better than the one showed by commercial standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - Hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the variation in the order of parent acids and the protected glucuronide derivatives , their antimicrobial activity was always higher than the one revealed by the extract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , the extract was the only one with demelanizing activity against Aspergillus niger .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acetylated glucuronide derivatives could be deprotected to obtain glucuronide metabolites , which circulate in the human organism as products of the metabolism of the parent compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and antiprogestational properties of novel 17 - fluorinated steroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 - fluorinated steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone receptor ( PR ) plays a key role in reproductive functions , and compounds that inhibit progesterone action ( antiprogestins ) have potential use in the treatment of estrogen - and progesterone - dependent diseases , including uterine leiomyomas and breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "antiprogestins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we chemically synthesized novel 17 - fluorinated steroids and evaluated the cytotoxicity profiles of these compounds in T47D breast cancer cells compared to the activity of known antiprogestins , including ZK230 211 , RU - 486 , CDB2914 , CDB4124 and ORG33628 .", "entity": [{"entity": "17 - fluorinated steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "antiprogestins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 216]}, {"entity": "ZK230 211", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 238]}, {"entity": "RU - 486", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 249]}, {"entity": "CDB2914", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 259]}, {"entity": "CDB4124", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 269]}, {"entity": "ORG33628", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed in vitro receptor - binding assays and PR - transactivation assays to establish the antiprogestational activity of these molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The representative antiprogestin EC304 was found to inhibit in vitro tumorigenicity in a dose - dependent fashion in T47D cells by a colony formation assay at 1 and 10nM concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC304", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potent in vivo antiprogestational activity of EC304 was also demonstrated in an antinidation assay for the interruption of early pregnancy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "EC304", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The strong antiprogestational activity and absence of antiglucocorticoid activity in EC compounds may demonstrate their utility in the treatment of leiomyoma , endometriosis and breast cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal accumulation and effects of intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins in omnivorous crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An acute toxicological experiment was designed to characterize the sequence of renal ultrastructural changes with accumulated MCs in crucian carp injected intraperitoneally ( i . p . ) with extracted microcystins ( mainly MC - RR and - LR ) at two doses , 50 and 200 mu g MC - LReq . kg ( - 1 ) body weight .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative and qualitative determinations of MCs in the kidney were conducted by HPLC and LC - MS , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MC - RR content in kidney of crucian carp showed a time dose - dependent increase within 48 h post - injection , followed by a sharp decline afterward , while no MC - LR in kidney was detectable throughout the experiment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrastructural changes in the kidney of crucian carp progressed with increasing accumulated MCs and exposure times within 48 h post - injection , whereas renal ultrastructural recovery of crucian carp in the 50 mu g MC - LReq . kg ( - 1 ) dose group was evident at 168 h post - injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our ultrastructural observation suggests that the membranous structure is the main action site of MCs in the kidney , among which mitochondria damage in the tubules is clearly an early , and presumably a critically important effect of MCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increases in blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine ( CR ) in both dose groups further revealed severe impairment occurred in the kidney of crucian carp .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cephalic phase insulin secretion is KATP channel - independent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose - induced insulin secretion from pancreatic beta - cells depends critically on activity of ATP - sensitive K + channels ( KATP channel ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "K +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously generated mice lacking Kir6 . 2 , the pore subunit of the beta - cell KATP channel ( Kir6 . 2 - / - ) , that show almost no insulin secretion in response to glucose in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we compared insulin secretion by voluntary feeding ( self - motivated , oral nutrient ingestion ) and by forced feeding ( intra - gastric nutrient injection via gavage ) in wild - type ( Kir6 . 2 + / + ) and Kir6 . 2 - / - mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under ad libitum feeding or during voluntary feeding of standard chow , blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were similar in Kir6 . 2 + / + and Kir6 . 2 - / - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By voluntary feeding of carbohydrate alone , insulin secretion was induced significantly in Kir6 . 2 - / - mice , but was markedly attenuated compared to that in Kir6 . 2 + / + mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On forced feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate alone , the insulin secretory response was markedly impaired or completely absent in Kir6 . 2 - / - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - treatment of a muscarine receptor antagonist , atropine methyl nitrate , which does not cross the blood - brain barrier , almost completely blocked insulin secretion induced by voluntary feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate in Kir6 . 2 - / - mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "methyl nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substantial glucose - induced insulin secretion was induced in pancreas perfusion study of Kir6 . 2 - / - mice only in the presence of carbamylcholine .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "carbamylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that a KATP channel - independent mechanism mediated by the vagal nerve plays a critical role in insulin secretion in response to nutrients in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAPKAPK2 / 3 Regulate SERCA2a Expression and Fiber Type Composition to Modulate Skeletal Muscle and Cardiomyocyte Function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MAPK - activated protein kinases 2 and 3 ( MAPKAPK2 / 3 , MK2 / 3 ) represent protein kinases downstream of the p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using MK2 / 3 double knockout mice ( MK2 / 3 ( - / - ) ) , we analyzed the role of MK2 / 3 in cross - striated muscle by transcriptome and proteome analyses , and by histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrated enhanced expression of the slow oxidative skeletal muscle myofiber gene program , including the PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha ( PGC - 1 alpha ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using reporter gene and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays we demonstrated that MK2 catalytic activity directly regulated the promoters of the fast fiber - specific myosin heavy chain IId / x and the slow fiber - specific sarco / endoplasmic reticulum Ca ( 2 + ) - ATPase ( SERCA ) 2 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elevated SERCA2a gene expression caused by a decreased transcription factor Egr - 1 to Sp1 ratio was associated with accelerated relaxation and enhanced contractility in MK2 / 3 ( - / - ) cardiomyocytes , concomitant with improved force parameters in MK2 / 3 ( - / - ) soleus muscle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results link MK2 / 3 to the regulation of calcium dynamics and identify enzymatic activity of MK2 / 3 as a critical factor for modulating cross - striated muscle function by generating a unique muscle phenotype exhibiting both , reduced fatigability and enhanced force in MK2 / 3 ( - / - ) mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , the p38 - MK2 / 3 axis may represent a novel target for the design of therapeutic strategies for diseases related to fiber type changes or impaired SERCA2 function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - alkylation of highly quaternized chitosan derivatives affects the paracellular permeation enhancement in bronchial epithelia in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 1]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study describes the structure - activity relationship for carefully characterized N - alkyl - N - quaternary chitosan derivatives as permeation enhancers for drugs that are mainly absorbed through the paracellular pathway , such as macromolecular drugs and hydrophilic drugs , in a well defined bronchial epithelial cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The O - methyl free derivatives used in the study were fully trimethylated ( 100 % ) N , N , N - trimethyl chitosan ( TMC ) and N - propyl - ( QuatPropyl ) , N - butyl - ( QuatButyl ) and N - hexyl ( QuatHexyl ) - N , N - dimethyl chitosan , with 85 - 91 % degree of quaternization .", "entity": [{"entity": "O - methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "N , N , N - trimethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 106]}, {"entity": "N - propyl - ( QuatPropyl )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 155]}, {"entity": "N - butyl - ( QuatButyl )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 183]}, {"entity": "N - hexyl ( QuatHexyl ) - N , N - dimethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fully trimethylated TMC , from 0 . 25mg / ml , decreased transepithelial electrical resistance ( TER ) in a reversible manner and enhanced the permeation of the macromolecule FITC - dextran 4kDa ( FD4 ) 2 - 5 fold .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TMC did not cause any alterations in the tight junction ( TJ ) protein claudin - 4 or in F - actin architecture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QuatHexyl was the most effective polymer to produce enhanced permeation and decreased TER from 0 . 016mg / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "QuatHexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , this enhanced permeation was accompanied by reduced viability and dissociation of F - actin and claudin - 4 proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure - activity relationship suggests that more lipophilic derivatives show more permeation enhancement , TJ disassembly , and less viability in the order of hexyl =~ butyl > propyl > methyl and demonstrates that the permeation effect is not only mediated by permanent positive charge but also through by the extent of N - alkylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "butyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "propyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 190]}, {"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 199]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [328, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results are relevant to elucidate the structural factors contributing to the permeation enhancement of chitosan derivatives and for potential use in pulmonary applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of PON1 genotype and haplotype with susceptibility to coronary artery disease and clinical outcomes in dual antiplatelet - treated Han Chinese patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PON1 genetic variants with the susceptibility to coronary artery disease ( CAD ) and with the clinical endpoints in aspirin and clopidogrel ( dual antiplatelet therapy ) - treated Han Chinese patients with CAD after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 190]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A total of 538 Han Chinese patients undergoing PCI and receiving dual - antiplatelet therapy were sequentially recruited to the study and followed for up to 1 year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Healthy controls ( n = 539 ) were enrolled during the same period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All study participants were genotyped for five genetic variants in PON1 and the cytochrome P450 2C19 * 2 mutation ( CYP2C19 * 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of genetic variants on disease risk and clinical outcome of major adverse cardiac events ( MACE ) within 1 year or bleeding within 6 months was assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : CYP2C19 * 2 was associated with a higher risk of MACE ( adjusted P = 0 . 0098 ) , but a lower risk of bleeding events ( adjusted P = 0 . 0016 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The PON1 Q192R polymorphism was significantly associated with a lower risk of bleeding events [ odds ratio ( OR ) 0 . 61 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 . 43 - 0 . 87 , adjusted P = 0 . 0066 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The haplotype bearing the PON1 - 126C allele was associated with a higher risk to CAD ( OR 1 . 48 , 95 % CI 1 . 04 - 2 . 09 , P = 0 . 029 ) and a higher risk of bleeding events ( OR 1 . 68 , 95 % CI 1 . 10 - 2 . 56 , P = 0 . 017 ) compared to the most frequent haplotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription activity of haplotype p - 162A - 126C - 108C in the PON1 promoter was 2 . 6 - fold higher than that of the most frequent haplotype ( p - 162G - 126G - 108T ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Based on these results , we suggest that the haplotype - bearing PON1 - 126C allele contributes to the disease risk and the risk of bleeding events in dual antiplatelet - treated CAD patients after PCI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural transitions in mixed ternary noble gas clusters .", "entity": [{"entity": "noble", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The properties of noble gas systems can be greatly extended by heterogeneous mixtures of elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "noble", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The geometrical structures and energies of mixed Ar - Kr - Xe clusters were investigated using ternary Lennard - Jones ( TLJ ) potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the Ar19Kr n Xe19 , Ar19Kr19Xe n , and Ar n Kr19Xe19 ( n = 0 - 17 ) clusters investigated , the results show that only two minimum energy configurations exist , i . e . , polytetrahedron and six - fold pancake .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar19Kr n Xe19", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "Ar19Kr19Xe n", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Ar n Kr19Xe19", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inner core of all these clusters is composed mainly of Ar atoms , and Kr and Xe atoms are distributed on the surface with well mixed pattern for polytetrahedral and segregate pattern for six - fold pancake configurations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relative stability property of Ar - Kr - Xe clusters with a certain composition is discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the role of heterogeneity on the strain was investigated , and reduced strain energies in Ar - Kr - Xe clusters were studied to find possible ways of reducing strain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}, {"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the strain energies were affected mainly by Ar - Ar , Ar - Kr , and Xe - Xe bonds .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "Kr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "Xe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood - brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neurons of the central nervous system ( CNS ) require precise control of their bathing microenvironment for optimal function , and an important element in this control is the blood - brain barrier ( BBB ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BBB is formed by the endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels , under the inductive influence of neighbouring cell types within the ' neurovascular unit ' ( NVU ) including astrocytes and pericytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The endothelium forms the major interface between the blood and the CNS , and by a combination of low passive permeability and presence of specific transport systems , enzymes and receptors regulates molecular and cellular traffic across the barrier layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of methods and models are available for examining BBB permeation in vivo and in vitro , and can give valuable information on the mechanisms by which therapeutic agents and constructs permeate , ways to optimize permeation , and implications for drug discovery , delivery and toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For treating lysosomal storage diseases ( LSDs ) , models can be included that mimic aspects of the disease , including genetically - modified animals , and in vitro models can be used to examine the effects of cells of the NVU on the BBB under pathological conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For testing CNS drug delivery , several in vitro models now provide reliable prediction of penetration of drugs including large molecules and artificial constructs with promising potential in treating LSDs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For many of these diseases it is still not clear how best to deliver appropriate drugs to the CNS , and a concerted approach using a variety of models and methods can give critical insights and indicate practical solutions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Region - specific regulation of 5 - HT1B receptors in the rat brain by chronic venlafaxine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Venlafaxine is a non - selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drug for which clinical studies have suggested a high level efficacy and a possible early action onset compared to the classical antidepressants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its therapeutic effects might be due , at least in part , to adaptive changes in serotonergic neurotransmission , through the activation of the different 5 - HT receptor subtypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - HT1B receptors are located in the axon terminals of both serotonergic and non - serotonergic neurons , where they act as inhibitory autoreceptors or heteroreceptors , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the information about the involvement of this subtype in the mechanism of action of antidepressants is limited and quite controversial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of venlafaxine ( 10 mg kg ( - 1 ) day ( - 1 ) , p . o . ) after 21 days of treatment on the density of 5 - HT1B receptors and their functionality in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Effects of chronic venlafaxine were evaluated at different levels of 5 - HT1B receptor by using receptor autoradiography , [ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S binding , and the regulation of body temperature induced by selective 5 - HT1B agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "[ ( 35 ) S ] GTP gamma S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our results show that venlafaxine induced an increase in sensitivity of 5 - HT1B receptors in hypothalamus both at G - protein level and the control of core temperature without affecting the receptor density .", "entity": [{"entity": "venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results demonstrate that adaptive changes on 5 - HT1B receptors induced by chronic administration of venlafaxine exhibit regional differences suggesting that the hypothalamus might be an important site of drug action .", "entity": [{"entity": "venlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Design , synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of a focused library based on the polyandrocarpamine natural product scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyandrocarpamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A focused library based on the marine natural products polyandrocarpamines A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ) has been designed and synthesised using parallel solution - phase chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyandrocarpamines A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In silico physicochemical property calculations were performed on synthetic candidates in order to optimise the library for drug discovery and chemical biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A library of ten 2 - aminoimidazolone products ( 3 - 12 ) was prepared by coupling glycocyamidine and a variety of aldehydes using a one - step stereoselective aldol condensation reaction under microwave conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - aminoimidazolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 37]}, {"entity": "glycocyamidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "aldehydes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All analogues were characterised by NMR , UV , IR and MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The library was evaluated for cytotoxicity towards the prostate cancer cell lines , LNCaP , PC - 3 and 22Rv1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transitioning ( EMT ) Enhances Ex Vivo Reprogramming of Human Exocrine Pancreatic Tissue towards Functional Insulin Producing beta - Like Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to the lack of tissue available for islet transplantation , new sources of beta - cells have been sought for the treatment of type 1 diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether the human exocrid fraction from the islet isolation procedure could be reprogrammed to provide additional islet tissue for transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exocrine enriched cells rapidly dedifferentiated in culture and grew as a mesenchymal monolayer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic lineage tracing confirmed that these mesenchymal cells arose in part through a process of epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning ( EMT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A protocol was developed whereby transduction of these mesenchymal cells with adenoviruses containing Pdx1 , Ngn3 , MafA and Pax4 generated a population of cells that were enriched in glucagon - secreting alpha - like cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transdifferentiation or reprogramming towards insulin secreting beta - cells was enhanced , however , when using unpassaged cells in combination with inhibition of EMT by inclusion of ROCK and TGF - beta 1 inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resultant cells were able to secrete insulin in response to glucose and on transplantation , to normalise blood glucose levels in streptozotocin diabetic NOD / Scid mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , reprogramming of human exocrine enriched tissue can best be achieved using fresh material under conditions whereby EMT is inhibited .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ". rather than allowing the culture to expand as a mesenchymal monolayer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors Associated With Microalbuminuria in 7 , 549 Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVETo examine factors associated with clinical microalbuminuria ( MA ) diagnosis in children and adolescents in the T1D Exchange clinic registry . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODST1D Exchange participants < 20 years of age with type 1 diabetes >= 1 year and urinary albumin - to - creatinine ratio ( ACR ) measured within the prior 2 years were included in the analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA diagnosis required all of the following : 1 ) a clinical diagnosis of sustained MA or macroalbuminuria , 2 ) confirmation of MA diagnosis by either the most recent ACR being >= 30 mg / g or current treatment with an ACE inhibitor ( ACEI ) or angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) , and 3 ) no known cause for nephropathy other than diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with MA . RESULTSMA was present in 329 of 7 , 549 ( 4 . 4 % ) participants , with a higher frequency associated with longer diabetes duration , higher mean glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) level , older age , female sex , higher diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) , and lower BMI ( P <= 0 . 01 for each in multivariate analysis ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Older age was most strongly associated with MA among participants with HbA1c >= 9 . 5 % ( >= 80 mmol / mol ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA was uncommon ( < 2 % ) among participants with HbA1c < 7 . 5 % ( < 58 mmol / mol ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of those with MA , only 36 % were receiving ACEI / ARB treatment . CONCLUSIONSOur results emphasize the importance of good glycemic and BP control , particularly as diabetes duration increases , in order to reduce the risk of nephropathy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since age and diabetes duration are important nonmodifiable factors associated with MA , the importance of routine screening is underscored to ensure early diagnosis and timely treatment of MA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patent indicators : a window to pharmaceutical market success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmaceutical success in the market is the best reward for pharmaceutical investors undergoing the lengthy , costly and risky process of pharmaceutical Research and Development ( R & D ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drugs with high market revenues trigger fierce competition between pharmaceutical enterprises , as is demonstrated by the increasing Mergers & Acquisitions ( M & A ) cases focusing on seizing the best - selling products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , patents , as the best shield for innovative drugs against generic drugs , become a powerful weapon for pharmaceutical enterprises to win the substantial returns generated by market exclusivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patents seem to be directly responsible for the commercial success of new medicines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this context , it is of great significance to find out the empirical associations between pharmaceutical commercial success and patents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comprehensively analysing 127 drugs marketed in the USA and their 621 American patents , this article identifies the evidence to link various patent indicators with pharmaceutical sales in actual market .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diversity in Structural Consequences of MexZ Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high level of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance of P . aeruginosa is attributable to the low permeability of its outer membrane in combination with the expression of several multidrug resistance efflux systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MexZ , the negative regulator of the MexXY efflux pump , is found to be the most frequently mutated gene in P . aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patient lungs , confirming its importance in multidrug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural consequences of four MexZ mutations , including L25P , G46V , P151L , and S202F , have been explored based on the known structure of MexZ using both molecular modeling and molecular dynamics methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to obtained results , G46V mutation , which completely abolishes the ability of MexZ binding to DNA , occurs in a specific evolutionary conserved region of MexZ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the most fluctuation values occur in DNA - binding domain and Helix4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained results explore details of diversity in structural consequences of MexZ mutations in P . aeruginosa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding potential health risks is a significant challenge due to large numbers of diverse chemicals with poorly characterized exposures and mechanisms of toxicities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study analyzes 976 chemicals ( including failed pharmaceuticals , alternative plasticizers , food additives , and pesticides ) in Phase I and II of the U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPA ' s ToxCast (TM) project across 331 cell - free enzymatic and ligand - binding high - throughput screening ( HTS ) assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Half - maximal activity concentrations ( AC50 ) were identified for 729 chemicals in 256 assays ( 7 , 135 chemical - assay pairs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of the most commonly affected assays were CYPs ( CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 ) , transporters ( mitochondrial TSPO , norepinephrine , dopaminergic ) , and GPCRs ( aminergic ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heavy metals , surfactants , and dithiocarbamate fungicides showed promiscuous , but distinctly different patterns of activity whereas many of the pharma compounds showed promiscuous activity across GPCRs .", "entity": [{"entity": "dithiocarbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Literature analysis confirmed > 50 % of the activities for the most potent chemical - assay pairs ( 56 ) , but also revealed 10 missed interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - two chemicals with known estrogenic activity were correctly identified for the majority ( 77 % ) , missing only the weaker interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In many cases , novel findings for previously unreported chemical - target combinations clustered with known chemical - target interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from this large inventory of chemical - biological interactions can inform read - across methods as well as to link potential targets to molecular initiating events in adverse outcome pathways for diverse toxicities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This abstract does not necessarily reflect U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EPA policy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrasensitive Polarized Up - Conversion of Tm ( 3 + ) - Yb ( 3 + ) Doped beta - NaYF4 Single Nanorod .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tm ( 3 + ) - Yb ( 3 + ) Doped beta - NaYF4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up - conversion luminescence in rare earth ions ( REs ) doped nanoparticles has attracted considerable research attention for the promising applications in solid - state lasers , three - dimensional displays , solar cells , biological imaging , and so forth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there have been no reports on REs doped nanoparticles to investigate their polarized energy transfer up - conversion , especially for single particle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , the polarized energy transfer up - conversion from REs doped fluoride nanorods is demonstrated in a single particle spectroscopy mode for the first time .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unique luminescent phenomena , for example , sharp energy level split and singlet - to - triplet transitions at room temperature , multiple discrete luminescence intensity periodic variation with polarization direction , are observed upon excitation with 980 nm linearly polarized laser .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , nanorods with the controllable aspect ratio and symmetry are fabricated for analysis of the mechanism of polarization anisotropy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The comparative experiments suggest that intraions transition properties and crystal local symmetry dominate the polarization anisotropy , which is also confirmed by density functional theory calculations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taking advantage of the REs based up - conversion , potential application in polarized microscopic multi - information transportation is suggested for the polarization anisotropy from REs doped fluoride single nanorod or nanorod array .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability of sulforaphane for topical formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Context : Sulforaphane ( SFN ) is a natural compound that has been investigated as a chemopreventive agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulforaphane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SFN has been shown to inhibit the activator - protein - 1 ( AP - 1 ) transcription factor and may be effective for inhibition of ultraviolet ( UV ) induced skin carcinogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to investigate the stability of SFN as a function of pH , temperature and in various solvents and formulations .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Materials and methods : Stability was analyzed using high - performance liquid chromatography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A potential lead formulation was identified and evaluated in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : SFN was determined to undergo apparent first - order degradation kinetics for the conditions explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was observed that SFN undergoes base catalyzed degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buffer species and solvent type impacts stability as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SFN was found to be very sensitive to temperature with degradation rate changing by a factor of nearly 3 . 1 for every 10 degrees C change in temperature ( at pH 4 . 0 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SFN completely degraded after 30 days in a conventional pharmaceutical cream formulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved stability was observed in organic formulation components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stability studies were conducted on two nonaqueous topical formulations : a polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) ointment base and an organic oleaginous base .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusion : Topically applied SFN in the PEG base formulation significantly reduced AP - 1 activation after UV stimulation in the skin of a transgenic mouse model , indicating that SFN in this formulation retains efficacy in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "SFN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA Interactions in Crowded Nanopores .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The motion of DNA in crowded environments is a common theme in physics and biology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples include gel electrophoresis and the self - interaction of DNA within cells and viral capsids .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we study the interaction of multiple DNA molecules within a nanopore by tethering the DNA to a bead held in a laser optical trap to produce a \" molecular tug - of - war \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We measure this tether force as a function of the number of DNA molecules in the pore and show that the force per molecule decreases with the number of molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple scaling argument based on a mean field theory of the hydrodynamic interactions between multiple DNA strands explains our observations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At high salt concentrations , when the Debye length approaches the size of the counterions , the force per molecule becomes essentially independent of the number of molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We attribute this to a sharp decrease in electroosmotic flow which makes the hydrodynamic interactions ineffective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous partition of carbon nanotubes in polymer - modified aqueous phases .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution of nanoparticles in different aqueous environments is a fundamental problem underlying a number of processes , ranging from biomedical applications of nanoparticles to their effects on the environment , health , and safety .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we study distribution of carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) in two immiscible aqueous phases formed by the addition of polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) and dextran .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 136]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This well - defined model system exhibits a strikingly robust phenomenon : CNTs spontaneously partition between the PEG - and the dextran - rich phases according to nanotube ' s diameter and metallicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thermodynamic analysis suggests that this chirality - dependent partition is determined by nanotube ' s intrinsic hydrophobicity and reveals two distinct regimes in hydrophobicity - chirality relation : a small diameter ( < 1 nm ) regime , where curvature effect makes larger diameter tubes more hydrophobic than small diameter ones , and a large diameter ( > 1 . 2 nm ) regime , where nanotube ' s polarizability renders semiconducting tubes more hydrophobic than metallic ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings reveal a general rule governing CNT behaviors in aqueous phase and provide an extremely simple way to achieve spatial separation of CNTs by their electronic structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein kinase inhibitor design by targeting the Asp - Phe - Gly ( DFG ) motif : the role of the DFG motif in the design of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asp - Phe - Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Asp - Phe - Gly ( DFG ) motif plays an important role in the regulation of kinase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asp - Phe - Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - based drug design was performed to design compounds able to interact with the DFG motif ; epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) was selected as an example .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural insights obtained from the EGFR / 2a complex suggested that an extension from the meta - position on the phenyl group ( ring - 5 ) would improve interactions with the DFG motif .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , introduction of an N , N - dimethylamino tail resulted in 4b , which showed almost 50 - fold improvement in inhibition compared to 2a .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - dimethylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural studies confirmed this N , N - dimethylamino tail moved towards the DFG motif to form a salt bridge with the side chain of Asp831 .", "entity": [{"entity": "N , N - dimethylamino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That the interactions with the DFG motif greatly contribute to the potency of 4b is strongly evidenced by synthesizing and testing compounds 2a , 3g and 4f : when the charge interactions are absent , the inhibitory activity decreased significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative analysis of global phosphorylation changes with high - resolution tandem mass spectrometry and stable isotopic labeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative measurement of specific protein phosphorylation sites is a primary interest of biologists , as site - specific phosphorylation information provides insights into cell signaling networks and cellular dynamics at a system level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the last decade , selective phosphopeptide enrichment methods including IMAC and metal oxides ( TiO2 and ZrO2 ) have been developed and greatly facilitate large scale phosphoproteome analysis of various cells , tissues and living organisms , in combination with modern mass spectrometers featuring high mass accuracy and high mass resolution .", "entity": [{"entity": "metal oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various quantification strategies have been applied to detecting relative changes in expression of proteins , peptides , and specific modifications between samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The combination of mass spectrometry - based phosphoproteome analysis with quantification strategies provides a straightforward and unbiased method to identify and quantify site - specific phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe common strategies for mass spectrometric analysis of stable isotope labeled samples , as well as two widely applied phosphopeptide enrichment methods based on IMAC ( NTA - Fe ( 3 + ) ) and metal oxide ( ZrO2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NTA - Fe ( 3 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 194]}, {"entity": "metal oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 212]}, {"entity": "ZrO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instrumental configurations for on - line LC - tandem mass spectrometric analysis and parameters of conventional bioinformatic analysis of large data sets are also considered for confident identification , localization , and reliable quantification of site - specific phosphorylation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular Mechanisms of the antitumor activity of SB225002 : A novel microtubule inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "SB225002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SB225002 ( SB ) is an IL - 8 receptor B ( IL - 8RB ) antagonist that has previously been shown to inhibit IL - 8 - based cancer cell invasion , and to possess in vivo anti - inflammatory and anti - nociceptive effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "SB225002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study presented an evidence for the cell cycle - targeting activity of SB in a panel of p53 - mutant human cancer cell lines of different origin , and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combination of cell cycle analysis , immunocytometry , immunoblotting , and RNA interference revealed that SB induced a BubR1 - dependent mitotic arrest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistically , SB was shown to possess a microtubule destabilizing activity evidenced by hyperphosphorylation of Bcl2 and BclxL , suppression of microtubule polymerization and induction of a prometaphase arrest .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular docking studies suggested that SB has a good affinity towards vinblastine - binding site on beta - tubulin subunit .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of note , SB265610 which is a close structural analogue of SB225002 with a potent IL - 8RB antagonistic activity did not exhibit a similar antimitotic activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "SB265610", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "SB225002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , in P - glycoprotein overexpressing NCI / Adr - Res cells the antitumor activity of SB was unaffected by multidrug resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the mechanisms of SB - induced cell death were cell - line dependent , where in invasive hepatocellular carcinoma HLE cells the significant contribution of BAK - dependent mitochondrial apoptosis was demonstrated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , SB activated p38 MAPK signaling in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells SW480 , and pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity revealed its key role in mediating SB - induced caspase - independent cell death .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , the present study introduced SB as a promising antitumor agent which has the potential to exert its activity through dual mechanisms involving microtubules targeting and interference with IL - 8 - drivin cancer progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wogonoside displays anti - inflammatory effects through modulating inflammatory mediator expression using RAW264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi , also called Huangqin in China , is an herbal - based nutraceutical which is usually used in Chinese medicated diet ( CMD ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As an abundant ingredient in Huangqin , wogonoside is a flavonoid glycoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "flavonoid glycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present work investigated the anti - inflammatory activities of wogonoside in lipopolysaccharides ( LPS ) - induced RAW264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : RAW264 . 7 cells were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibition of wogonoside against nitric oxide ( NO ) , prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - alpha ) and interleukin - 6 ( IL - 6 ) in LPS - induced RAW264 . 7 cells were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the effects of wogonoside on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX2 ) , TNF - alpha and IL - 6 were also investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Wogonoside not only dose - dependently decreased the production of inflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2 but also inhibited the release of pro - inflammatory cytokines including TNF - alpha and IL - 6 in LPS - induced RAW264 . 7 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , wogonoside possessed significantly in vitro inhibitory effects on the gene expression of iNOS , COX2 , TNF - alpha and IL - 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These results suggest that wogonoside may be used as a functional food component for prevention and treatment of inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "wogonoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assuring Safety Without Animal Testing : The Case for the Human Testis In Vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 15 - 17 June 2011 , a dedicated workhop was held on the subject of in vitro models for mammalian spermatogenesis and their applications in toxicological hazard and risk assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The workshop was sponsored by the Dutch ASAT initiative ( Assuring Safety without Animal Testing ) , which aims at promoting innovative approaches towards toxicological hazard and risk assessment on the basis of human and in vitro data , and replacement of animal studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants addressed the state of the art regarding human and animal evidence for compound mediated testicular toxicity , reviewed existing alternative assay models , and brainstormed about future approaches , specifically considering tissue engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The workshop recognized the specific complexity of testicular function exemplified by dedicated cell types with distinct functionalities , as well as different cell compartments in terms of microenvironment and extracellular matrix components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This complexity hampers quick results in the realm of alternative models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , progress has been achieved in recent years , and innovative approaches in tissue engineering may open new avenues for mimicking testicular function in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although feasible , significant investment is deemed essential to be able to bring new ideas into practice in the laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the advancement of in vitro testicular toxicity testing , one of the most sensitive end points in regulatory reproductive toxicity testing , such an investment is highly desirable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relations between stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine and place conditioning in rats produced by cocaine or drugs that are tolerant to dopamine transporter conformational change .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Dopamine transporter ( DAT ) conformation plays a role in the effectiveness of cocaine - like and other DAT inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine - like stimulants are intolerant to DAT conformation changes having decreased potency in cells transfected with DAT constructs that face the cytosol compared to wild - type DAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , analogs of benztropine ( BZT ) are among compounds that are less affected by DAT conformational change .", "entity": [{"entity": "benztropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We compared the displacement of radioligand binding to various mammalian CNS sites , acute stimulation of accumbens shell dopamine levels , and place conditioning in rats among cocaine and four BZT analogs with Cl substitutions on the diphenyl - ether system including two with carboalkoxy substitutions at the 2 - position of the tropane ring .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "Cl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 223]}, {"entity": "diphenyl - ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 261]}, {"entity": "carboalkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 299]}, {"entity": "tropane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Binding assays confirmed high - affinity and selectivity for the DAT with the BZT analogs which also produced significant stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine efflux .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because BZT analogs produced temporal patterns of extracellular dopamine levels different from those by cocaine ( 3 - 10 mg / kg , i . p . ) , the place conditioning produced by BZT analogs and cocaine was compared at doses and times at which both the increase in dopamine levels and rates of increase were similar to those produced by an effective dose of cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 181]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 272]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [357, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite this equilibration , none of the BZT analogs tested produced significant place conditioning .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The present results extend previous findings suggesting that cocaine - like actions are dependent on a binding equilibrium that favors the outward conformational state of the DAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , BZT analogs with reduced dependence on DAT conformation have reduced cocaine - like behavioral effects and may prove useful in development of medications for stimulant abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The von Hippel - Lindau Protein pVHL Inhibits Ribosome Biogenesis and Protein Synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pVHL , product of von Hippel - Lindau ( VHL ) tumor suppressor gene , functions as the substrate recognition component of an E3 - ubiquitin ligase complex that targets hypoxia inducible factor alpha ( HIFalpha ) for ubiquitination and degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides HIFalpha , pVHL also interacts with other proteins and has multiple functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report that pVHL inhibits ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that pVHL associates with the 40S ribosomal protein S3 ( RPS3 ) but does not target it for destruction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather , the pVHL - RPS3 association interferes with the interaction between RPS3 and RPS2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of pVHL also leads to nuclear retention of pre - 40S ribosomal subunits , diminishing polysomes and 18S rRNA levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrate that pVHL suppresses both cap - dependent and cap - independent protein synthesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings unravel a novel function of pVHL and provide insight into the regulation of ribosome biogenesis by the tumor suppressor pVHL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased Permeability Surface Area for Glucose in Obese Women with Postprandial Hyperglycemia : No Effect of Phosphodiesterase - 5 ( PDE - 5 ) Inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin - mediated microvascular recruitment is recognized as a potential mechanism contributing to insulin resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we compared a marker of microvascular function , the permeability surface area for glucose ( PSglu ) , and forearm glucose uptake after an OGTT in obese women with impaired glucose metabolism and healthy lean nondiabetic women , with the aim to characterize whether decreased permeability surface area for glucose or decreased glucose uptake may contribute to postprandial hyperglycemia in the obese group .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [322, 329]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [343, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we evaluated whether the phosphodiesterase - 5 ( PDE - 5 ) inhibitor tadalafil , in a randomized double blind placebo controlled design , might attenuate postprandial glucose levels in obese women .", "entity": [{"entity": "tadalafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For these purposes , intramuscular microdialysis , blood sampling from arterial and venous blood of the forearm , and measurements of forearm blood flow were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed an impaired permeability surface area for glucose ( IAUC PSglu 31 +/- 13 vs . 124 +/- 31 ; p < 0 . 05 ) in obese when compared with lean participants , but no differences in forearm glucose uptake appeared between the groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , a single dose of tadalafil 10 mg showed no improvement of the permeability surface area for glucose , glucose uptake , or circulating glucose levels in obese participants .", "entity": [{"entity": "tadalafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 113]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the postprandial PSglu response was impaired in obese women showing postprandial hyperglycemia , indicating a compromised microcirculation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , we were unable to demonstrate any acute effect on either vascular function or glucose uptake of the phosphodiesterase - 5 ( PDE - 5 ) inhibitor tadalafil .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "tadalafil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dietary Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Mitigates the Effect of Lead on the Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism , Brush Border Membrane , and Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lead is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that is capable of causing numerous acute and chronic illnesses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human and animal exposure demonstrates that lead is nephrotoxic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , attempts to reduce lead - induced nephrotoxicity were not found suitable for clinical use .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , flaxseed oil ( FXO ) , a rich source of omega - 3 fatty acids and lignans , has been shown to prevent / reduce the progression of certain types of cardiovascular and renal disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "omega - 3 fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 72]}, {"entity": "lignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of this , the present study investigates the protective effect of FXO on lead acetate ( PbAc ) - induced renal damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were pre - fed normal diet and the diet rich in FXO for 14 days , and then , four doses of lead acetate ( 25 mg / kg body weight ) were administered intraperitoneally while still on diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various serum parameters , enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism , brush border membrane ( BBM ) , and oxidative stress were analyzed in rat kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PbAc nephrotoxicity was characterized by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PbAc increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NADP - malic enzyme , whereas it decreased malate and glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase , glucose - 6 - phosphatase , fructose - 1 , 6 - bisphosphatase , and BBM enzyme activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "NADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "malate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}, {"entity": "fructose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PbAc caused oxidant / antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase , glutathione peroxidase , and catalase .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , FXO alone enhanced the enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism , BBM , and antioxidant defense system .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbohydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FXO feeding to PbAc - treated rats markedly enhanced resistance to PbAc - elicited deleterious effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , dietary FXO supplementation ameliorated PbAc - induced specific metabolic alterations and oxidative damage by empowering antioxidant defense mechanism and improving BBM integrity and energy metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "PbAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topological Dangling Bonds with Large Spin Splitting and Enhanced Spin Polarization on the Surfaces of Bi2Se3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bi2Se3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate the topological surface state properties at various surface cleaves in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 , via first principles calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy / spectroscopy ( STM / STS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bi2Se3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the typical surface termination occurs between two quintuple layers , we report the existence of a surface termination within a single quintuple layer where dangling bonds form with giant spin splitting owing to strong spin - orbit coupling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike Rashba split states in a 2D electron gas , these states are constrained by the band topology of the host insulator with topological properties similar to the typical topological surface state , and thereby offer an alternative candidate for spintronics usage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We name these new states \" topological dangling - bond states \" .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The degree of the spin polarization of these states is greatly enhanced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since dangling bonds are more chemically reactive , the observed topological dangling - bond states provide a new avenue for manipulating band dispersions and spin - textures by adsorbed atoms or molecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient cell and cell - sheet harvesting based on smart surfaces coated with a multifunctional and self - organizing Elastin - Like Recombinamer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide range of smart surfaces with novel properties relevant for biomedical applications have been developed recently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein we focus on thermoresponsive surfaces that switch between cell - adherent and non - adherent states , and their applications for cell harvesting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These smart surfaces are obtained by covalently coupling a tailored Elastin - Like Recombinamer onto glass surfaces by means of the well - known and widely applied Click Chemistry methodology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting recombinamer - functionalized surfaces have been characterized by means of water contact angle measurements , XPS and TOF - SIMS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cell - based analysis of these surfaces with human fibroblasts showed a high degree of adhesion to the surface in its adherent state ( 37 (o) C ) , thus promoting cell viability and proliferation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A temperature decrease triggers reorganization of the recombinamer , thus markedly increasing the number of non - adherent domains and masking the adherent ones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This process allows a specific and efficient temporal control of cell adhesion and cell detachment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After determination of the properties required for a suitable cell - harvesting system , optimization of the process allows single cells or cell sheets from at least two types of cells ( HFF - 1 and ADSCs ) to be rapidly harvested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aromatic glycosides from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aromatic glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six new glycosides ( 1 - 6 ) have been isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as ( - ) - 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxybenzoic acid 2 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside ( 1 ) , ( - ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxybenzoic acid 4 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside ( 2 ) , ( - ) - ( E ) - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoic acid 4 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside ( 3 ) , ( - ) - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxyphenylglycerol 9 - O - beta - d - [ 6 - O - ( E ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl ] - glucopyranoside ( 4 ) , ( - ) - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenylglycerol 9 - O - beta - d - [ 6 - O - ( E ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl ] - glucopyranoside ( 5 ) , and ( - ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenol beta - d - { 6 - O - [ 4 - O - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenylglycerol - 8 - yl ) - 3 - methoxybenzoyl ] } - glucopyranoside ( 6 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "( - ) - 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methoxybenzoic acid 2 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 214]}, {"entity": "( - ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxybenzoic acid 4 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 331]}, {"entity": "( - ) - ( E ) - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoic acid 4 - O - beta - d - ( 6 - O - benzoyl ) - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 450]}, {"entity": "( - ) - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxyphenylglycerol 9 - O - beta - d - [ 6 - O - ( E ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl ] - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [459, 612]}, {"entity": "( - ) - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenylglycerol 9 - O - beta - d - [ 6 - O - ( E ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 , 5 - dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl ] - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [621, 788]}, {"entity": "( - ) - 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenol beta - d - { 6 - O - [ 4 - O - ( 7S , 8R ) - ( 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenylglycerol - 8 - yl ) - 3 - methoxybenzoyl ] } - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [801, 981]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sub - nanomolar Detection of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen in Synthetic Urine by Synergistic , Dual Ligand Phage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in urine could revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such detectors must be inexpensive , easy to interpret , and sensitive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes a bioaffinity matrix of viruses integrated into PEDOT films for electrochemical sensing of prostate specific membrane antigen ( PSMA ) , a prostate cancer biomarker .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High sensitivity to PSMA resulted from synergistic action by two different ligands to PSMA on the same phage particle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One ligand was chemically synthesized and wrapped around the phage , and the second was genetically encoded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dual ligands result in a bidentate binder with high copy , dense ligand display for enhanced PSMA detection through a chelate - based , avidity effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biosensing with virus - PEDOT films provides a 100 pM limit of detection for PSMA in synthetic urine without requiring enzymatic or other amplification .", "entity": [{"entity": "PEDOT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative damage and genotoxic effect in mice caused by sub - chronic exposure to low - dose volatile organic compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract Volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) are widely used as constituents of household chemicals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although adverse health effects have been reported , long - term exposure to low - level VOCs mixture has not been studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially , there is a lack of substantial information on the sensitive biomarkers and carcinogenic markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we examined oxidative stress and genotoxic effects of sub - chronic low - dose VOCs mixture ( formaldehyde , benzene , toluene and xylene ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "formaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "xylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Kunming mice were exposed to 0 ( control ) and three different doses of VOCs mixture ( group 1S , 5S and 10S ) for 90 d ( 2 h / d ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 1S is 0 . 10 , 0 . 11 , 0 . 20 and 0 . 20 mg / m ( 3 ) , group 5S is 0 . 50 , 0 . 55 , 1 . 00 and 1 . 00 mg / m ( 3 ) , group 10S is 1 . 00 , 1 . 10 , 2 . 00 and 2 . 00 mg / m ( 3 ) , which , respectively , corresponded to 1 , 5 and 10 times of indoor air quality standard ( IAQS ) in China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day following VOCs exposure , oxidative stress markers in lung , 8 - hydroxy - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and genotoxicity ( DNA damage ) in liver were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "8 - hydroxy - 2 ' - deoxyguanosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that exposure to VOCs ( IAQS dose ) resulted in oxidative damages of lung , which were supported by the significant changes on reactive oxygen species , reduced glutathione ( GSH ) , GSH S - transferase , total antioxidative capacity , malondialdehyde , protein carbonyl and nitric oxide ( NO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 157]}, {"entity": "reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 187]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 201]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 203]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 266]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 285]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 302]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , oxidative stress markers in group 5S and 10S ( except NO ) in lung were affected significantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , VOCs exposure also induced significantly DNA damage in liver .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study suggested long - term VOCs inhalation at low levels caused oxidative stress and genotoxicity response in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since effects were seen at the current IAQS level , further studies below this level are necessary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgical resection of brain metastases - impact on neurological outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain metastases ( BM ) develop in about 30 % of all cancer patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgery plays an important role in confirming neuropathological diagnosis , relieving mass effects and improving the neurological status .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To select patients with the highest benefit from surgical resection , prognostic indices ( RPA , GPA ) have been formulated which are solely focused on survival without considering neurological improvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we analyzed the impact of surgical resection on the neurological status in addition to overall survival in 206 BM patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surgical mortality and morbidity was 0 . 0 % and 10 . 3 % respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New neurologic deficits occurred in 6 . 3 % of all patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median overall survival was 6 . 3 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poor RPA class and short time interval between diagnosis of cancer and the occurrence of BM were independent factors predictive for poor survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of neurological performance was achieved in 56 . 8 % of all patients , with the highest improvement rate seen in patients presenting with increased intracranial pressure and hemiparesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , the neurological benefits were independent from RPA class .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , surgical resection leads to significant neurological improvement despite poor RPA class and short overall survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considering the low mortality and morbidity rates , resection should be considered as a valid option to increase neurological function and quality of life for patients with BM .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular sensing : modulating molecular conduction through intermolecular interactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observe changes in the molecular conductivity of individual oligophenylene - vinylene ( OPV ) molecules due to interactions with small aromatic molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "oligophenylene - vinylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 88]}, {"entity": "OPV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescence experiments were correlated with scanning tunneling microscopy measurements in order to determine the origin of the observed effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both nitrobenzene and 1 , 4 - dinitrobenzene decreased fluorescence intensity and molecular conductivity , while toluene had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "1 , 4 - dinitrobenzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 44]}, {"entity": "toluene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed changes in the fluorescence and conduction of OPV correlate well with the electron withdrawing ability of the interacting aromatic molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of OPV as a sensor for aromatic compounds containing electron withdrawing groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "OPV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro effect of N - acetylcysteine on hepatocyte injury caused by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The organochlorine pesticide , dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT ) , is still used to combat the spread of malaria in several developing countries despite its accumulation and known hepatotoxic effects that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 62]}, {"entity": "DDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Acetylcysteine ( NAC ) is a recognized hepatoprotective agent that has been reported to reduce hepatotoxicity initiated by many different compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine whether NAC could counter in vitro hepatocyte injury induced by DDT or its two major metabolites , dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "DDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 170]}, {"entity": "dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HepG2 cell cultures were used to assess the following parameters of toxicity : cellular viability , intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , mitochondrial membrane potential and initiation of apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the three test compounds induced ROS generation , yet exposure to any of the three compounds produced mitochondrial hyperpolarization , which was countered by NAC pretreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three test compounds also induced apoptotic cell death , which was inhibited by NAC .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite NAC counteracting some adverse intracellular changes due to organochlorine exposure , it appeared to aggravate the cytotoxic effects of the organochlorine compounds at low test concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "organochlorine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the same outcome may also occur in vivo , results from the present study raise concern about the use of NAC as treatment for DDT - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "DDT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving the default data analysis workflow for large autoimmune biomarker discovery studies with protoarrays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contemporary protein microarrays like the ProtoArray (R) are used for autoimmune antibody screening studies to discover biomarker panels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For ProtoArray data analysis the software Prospector and a default workflow are suggested by the manufacturer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While analyzing a large data set of a discovery study for diagnostic biomarkers of the Parkinson ' s Disease ( \" ParkCHIP \" ) we have revealed the need for distinct improvements of the suggested workflow concerning raw data acquisition , normalization and pre - selection method availability , batch effects , feature selection , and feature validation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work appropriate improvements of the default workflow are proposed and it is shown that completely automatic data acquisition as a batch , a re - implementation of Prospector ' s pre - selection method , multivariate or hybrid feature selection , and validation of the selected protein panel using an independent test set define in combination an improved workflow for large studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elucidation of in situ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by functional metaproteomics ( protein - SIP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current knowledge of the physiology and phylogeny of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) degrading bacteria often relies on laboratory enrichments and isolations .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 84]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , in situ microcosms consisting of activated carbon pellets ( BACTRAP (R) s ) were loaded with either ( 13 ) C - naphthalene or ( 13 ) C - fluorene and were subsequently exposed in the contaminant source and plume fringe region of an PAH contaminated aquifer .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C - naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 145]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C - fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 168]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metaproteomic analysis and protein - SIP revealed Burkholderiales , Actinomycetales and Rhizobiales as the most active microorganisms in the groundwater communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteins identified of the naphthalene degradation pathway showed a relative ( 13 ) C isotope abundance of approximately 50 atom % demonstrating that the identified naphthalene degrading bacteria gained at least 80 % of their carbon by PAH degradation .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 232]}, {"entity": "PAH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the microbial community grown on the fluorene - BACTRAPs showed a structure similar to the naphthalene - BACTRAPs , the identification of fluorene degraders and degradation pathways failed in situ .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In complementary laboratory microcosms , a clear enrichment in proteins related to Rhodococcus and possible fluorene degradation enzymes was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result demonstrates the impact of laboratory conditions on microbial community structure and activity of certain species and underlines the need on in situ exploration of microbial community functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In situ microcosms in combination with protein - SIP may be a significant tool for in situ identification of metabolic key players as well as degradation pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Folate - Conjugated PEG on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Targeting Delivery of Doxorubicin to Cancer Cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A highly effective drug carrier is constructed by coating folic acid - terminated poly ( ethylene glycol ) ( PEG - FA ) on single walled carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs ) in a facile non - covalent method .", "entity": [{"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "poly ( ethylene glycol )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 106]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anti - cancer drug , doxorubicin ( DOX ) , is further loaded on the surface of SWNTs at a very high loading efficiency , 149 . 3 +/- 4 . 1 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug system ( DOX / PEG - FA / SWNTs ) exhibits excellent stability under neutral pH conditions such as serum , but dramatically releases DOX at reduced pH typical of the tumour environment and intracellular lysosomes and endosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With the help of FA , DOX / PEG - FA / SWNTs tend to selectively attach onto cancer cells and enter the lysosomes or endosomes by clathrin - mediated endocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "PEG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can greatly improve the pharmaceutical efficiency and reduce potential side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physiotherapeutic approach in early and late post - menopausal Brazilian women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract To evaluate changes in joints after physiotherapy in post - menopausal women , specifically to identify clinical responses to the measurements of flexibility , functional capacity and joint pain in early and late post - menopausal women at a multi - disciplinary health education programme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 69 women participated in the Integral Program for the Attention to Climacteric Women at the Department of Gynecology - Federal University of Sao Paulo and were sorted into two groups of early ( n = 32 ) and late ( n = 37 ) post - menopause .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average age of menopause was 47 . 9 +/- 5 . 6 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Blatt Kupperman Menopausal Index scores for the early ( baseline = 12 . 8 +/- 6 . 1 ) and late ( baseline = 14 . 1 +/- 7 . 7 ) post - menopausal groups after the programme were 8 . 4 +/- 7 . 1 and 9 . 4 +/- 8 . 1 , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both groups presented improvements regarding functional capacity ( p < 0 . 01 ) and complaints of pain ( p < 0 . 001 ) after the intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The group of early post - menopausal women had better flexibility for hip flexion ( p < 0 . 001 ) , and the late post - menopausal group showed greater improvement in shoulder flexion ( p < 0 . 001 ) , extension ( p < 0 . 001 ) and elbow flexion ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After multi - disciplinary approach , both early and late post - menopausal groups experienced decrease in intensity of climacteric symptoms , reduction in pain intensity and improvement in functional capacity , but the flexibility was different between both the groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural identification of ( 1 --> 6 ) - alpha - D - glucan , a key responsible for the health benefits of longan , and evaluation of anticancer activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Longan is a delicious subtropical fruit with great health - beneficial effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been utilised for disease prevention and health care since ancient age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore the chemicals responsible for the health benefits , water - soluble polysaccharides were extracted from longan flesh in this work .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pure polysaccharide ( LPS1 ) was obtained through column purification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis by gas chromatography showed LPS1 was a homopolysaccharide of glucose with glycosidic linkage of --> 6 ) - D - Glc - ( 1 --> .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectra indicated that the con fi guration of anomeric carbon in glucose residual was alpha - form .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The polysaccharide structure was further confirmed to be ( 1 --> 6 ) - alpha - D - glucan by chemcial shift of C6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular weight of LPS1 was calculated to be 108 kDa , which had 661 glucose residuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticancer assay showed that LPS1 had anticancer activity against the growth of HepG2 cells to a certain extent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it did not show any cytotoxicity against MCF - 7 breast cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hybrid Molecule from O ( 2 ) - ( 2 , 4 - Dinitrophenyl ) diazeniumdiolate and Oleanolic Acid : a GST pi Activated Nitric Oxide Prodrug with Selective Anti - human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity and Improved Stability .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 ) - ( 2 , 4 - Dinitrophenyl ) diazeniumdiolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 73]}, {"entity": "Oleanolic Acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "Nitric Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of hybrids from O ( 2 ) - ( 2 , 4 - dinitrophenyl ) diazeniumdiolate and oleanolic acid ( OA ) were designed , synthesized , and biologically evaluated as novel nitric oxide ( NO ) releasing prodrugs which could be activated by glutathione S - transferase pi ( GST pi ) overexpressed in a number of cancer cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "O ( 2 ) - ( 2 , 4 - dinitrophenyl ) diazeniumdiolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 77]}, {"entity": "oleanolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 187]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was discovered that the most active compound 21 released high levels of NO selectively in HCC cells but not in the normal cells , and exhibited potent antiproliferative activity in vitro as well as remarkable tumor - retarding effects in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the reported GST pi - activated prodrugs JS - K and PABA / NO , 21 exhibited remarkably improved stability in the absence of GST pi .", "entity": [{"entity": "PABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the decomposition of 21 occurred in the presence of GST pi , and was much more effective than in GST alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , 21 induced HepG2 cells apoptosis by arresting cell cycle at G2 / M phase , activating both the mitochondria - mediated pathway and the MAPKs pathway , as well as enhancing the intracellular production of ROS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rationale for the higher reactivity of interfacial sites in methanol decomposition on Au13 / TiO2 ( 110 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Au13 / TiO2 ( 110 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interfacial and perimeter sites have been known for their high activity in various reactions on supported gold nanoparticles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that the higher activity of interfacial sites in Au13 / TiO2 ( 110 ) towards methanol decomposition originates from charge - transfer - induced Coulomb interaction among the gold , reactant , and reducible TiO2 support , brought about through the formation of an ionic O - Au bond between gold and methoxy in such sites , which turns the participating perimeter gold atom cationic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Au13 / TiO2 ( 110 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 218]}, {"entity": "O - Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 283]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [306, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A direct result of such charge - transfer - induced repulsive interaction between cationic gold and positively charged C moiety of methoxy is activation of the positively charged C moiety of methoxy , as manifested by the pronounced elongation of O - C bond length and the tilting of the methoxy axis , which facilitate reaction of methoxy through C - H scission with the bridge oxygen atoms that are readily available from the reducible support .", "entity": [{"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 120]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 180]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}, {"entity": "O - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 295]}, {"entity": "methoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 339]}, {"entity": "C - H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 353]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [379, 385]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More generally , our proposed mechanism for the reactivity of the gold / TiO2 interface should hold for oxidation of organic molecules with the structure of R - O - R ' , where R and R ' are ( saturated ) hydrocarbons .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "R - O - R '", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}, {"entity": "( saturated ) hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cadmium - Based Quantum Dot Induced Autophagy Formation for Cell Survival via Oxidative Stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantum dots ( QDs ) are one of most utilized nanomaterials in nanocrystalline semiconductors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QDs emit near - infrared fluorescence and can be applied as probes for detecting vasculature and imaging in biological systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since QDs have potential in clinical application , the toxicity of QDs needs to be carefully evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our present study , we elucidate the cytotoxic mechanisms of QDs using a mouse renal adenocarcinoma ( RAG ) cell line .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QDs in RAG cells increased intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) levels and induced autophagy at 6 h , leading to subsequent apoptosis at 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QDs entered the cells and were located within the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) , endosome , and lysosome at 6 h and endosome , lysosome , and mitochondria at 24 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , QDs only affected mitochondrial function and did not induce ER stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "N - Acetylcysteine , an antioxidant agent , reduced intracellular ROS levels and decreased QD - induced autophagy but enhanced QD - induced cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - Acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 3 - methylamphetamine ( an autophagy inhibitor ) also reduced the cell viability in QD - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 - methylamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that ROS plays an essential role in the regulation of QD - induced autophagy , which subsequently enhances cell survival .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results suggest that oxidative stress - induced autophagy is a defense / survival mechanism against the cytotoxicity of QD .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNA - 32 ( miR - 32 ) regulates phosphatase and tensin homologue ( PTEN ) expression and promotes growth , migration , and invasion in colorectal carcinoma cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Colorectal carcinoma ( CRC ) is one of the leading causes of cancer - related mortality worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MicroRNAs ( miRNAs , miRs ) play important roles in carcinogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MiR - 32 has been shown to be upregulated in CRC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we identified the potential effects of miR - 32 on some important biological properties of CRC cells , and clarified the regulation of PTEN by miR - 32 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The effect of miR - 32 on PTEN expression was assessed in CRC cell lines with miR - 32 mimics / inhibitor to increase / decrease miR - 32 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the roles of miR - 32 in regulating CRC cells biological properties were analyzed with miR - 32 mimics / inhibitor - transfected cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 3 [ prime ] - untranslated region ( 3 [ prime ] - UTR ) of PTEN combined with miR - 32 was verified by dual - luciferase reporter assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Gain - of - function and loss - of - function studies showed that overexpression of miR - 32 promoted SW480 cell proliferation , migration , and invasion , reduced apoptosis , and resulted in downregulation of PTEN at a posttranscriptional level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , miR - 32 knock - down inhibited these processes in HCT - 116 cells and enhanced the expression of PTEN protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we further identified PTEN as the functional downstream target of miR - 32 by directly targeting the 3 [ prime ] - UTR of PTEN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our results demonstrated that miR - 32 was involved in tumorigenesis of CRC at least in part by suppression of PTEN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - - activity relationships and in silico models of P - glycoprotein ( ABCB1 ) inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efflux pump p - glycoprotein ( P - gp / ABCB1 ) has received enormous attention in drug ( xenobiotic ) disposition due to its role in modulation of the drug availability and in protection of sensitive organs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P - gp mediated efflux is one of main mechanisms for multidrug resistance in cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A main approach to reverse the resistance and restore the drug efficacy is to use specific inhibitors of P - gp that suppress the efflux activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review summarizes the binding capabilities of known chemical inhibitors based on the analyses of structure - activity relationships , and computational modeling of the inhibitors as well as the binding site of P - gp protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular models will facilitate the design of lead inhibitors as drug candidates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , it helps scientists in early drug discovery phase to synthesize chemical series with better understanding of their P - gp binding liabilities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nasal dosimetry of inspired naphthalene vapor in the male and female B6C3F1 mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naphthalene vapor is a nasal cytotoxicant in the rat and mouse but is a nasal carcinogen in only the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhalation dosimetry is a critical aspect of the inhalation toxicology of inspired vapors and may contribute to the species differences in the nasal response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To define the nasal dosimetry of naphthalene in the B6C3F1 male and female mouse , uptake of naphthalene vapor was measured in the surgically isolated upper respiratory tract ( URT ) at inspiratory flow rates of 25 or 50ml / min .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uptake was measured at multiple concentrations ( 0 . 5 , 3 , 10 , 30ppm ) in controls and mice treated with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor 5 - phenyl - 1 - pentyne .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - phenyl - 1 - pentyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both sexes , URT uptake efficiency was strongly concentration dependent averaging 90 % at 0 . 5ppm compared to 50 % at 30ppm ( 25ml / min flow rate ) , indicating saturable processes were involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both uptake efficiency and the concentration dependence of uptake were significantly diminished by 5 - phenyl - 1 - pentyne indicating inspired naphthalene vapor is extensively metabolized in the mouse nose with saturation of metabolism occurring at the higher concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - phenyl - 1 - pentyne", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 123]}, {"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hybrid computational fluid dynamic physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed for nasal dosimetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This model accurately predicted the observed URT uptake efficiencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the high URT uptake efficiency of naphthalene in the mouse nose indicates the absence of a tumorigenic response is not attributable to low delivered dose rates in this species .", "entity": [{"entity": "naphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure to DEHP decreased four fatty acid levels in plasma of prepartum mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal exposure to di ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( DEHP ) decreased the plasma triglyceride in prepartum mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "di ( 2 - ethylhexyl ) phthalate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 52]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify the fatty acid ( FA ) species involved and to understand the underlying mechanisms , pregnant Sv / 129 wild - type ( mPPAR alpha ) , peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha - null ( Ppar alpha - null ) and humanized PPAR alpha ( hPPAR alpha ) mice were treated with diets containing 0 % , 0 . 01 % , 0 . 05 % or 0 . 1 % DEHP .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [343, 347]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dams were dissected on gestational day 18 together with fetuses , and on postnatal day 2 together with newborns .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "n - 3 / n - 6 polyunsaturated , saturated , and monounsaturated FAs in maternal plasma and in liver of wild - type offspring , and representative enzymes for FA desaturation and elongation in maternal liver , were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - 3 / n - 6 polyunsaturated , saturated , and monounsaturated FAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasma levels of linoleic acid , alpha - linolenic acid , palmitic acid and oleic acid were higher in the pregnant control mPPARa mice than in Ppara - null and hPPARa mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "alpha - linolenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 59]}, {"entity": "palmitic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEHP exposure significantly decreased the levels of these four FAs only in pregnant mPPAR alpha mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma levels of many FAs were higher in pregnant mice than in postpartum ones in a genotype - independent manner , while it was lower in the livers of fetuses than pups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DEHP exposure slightly increased hepatic arachidonic acid , alpha - linolenic acid , palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in fetuses , but not in pups .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "alpha - linolenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "palmitoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , DEHP exposure did not clearly influence FA desaturase 1 and 2 nor elongase 2 and 5 expressions in the liver of all maternal mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , the levels of plasma four FAs with shorter carbon chains were higher in pregnant mPPAR alpha mice than in other genotypes , and DEHP exposure decreased these specific FA concentrations only in mPPAR alpha mice , similarly to triglyceride levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "DEHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of methyl - CpG binding protein 2 in liver fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver injure is induced by various insults such as alcohol abuse , if insults persistent , may result in the formation of liver fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic stellate cell ( HSC ) activation and transdifferentiation into hepatic myofibroblast , accompanied with potent pro - inflammatory and pro - fibrogenic activities and the down - regulation of anti - inflammatory anti - fibrogenic in gene expression in coordination with epigenetic modifications at the level of the chromatin structure , are pivotal events in liver fibrogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this review we focus on the role of the methyl - CpG binding protein 2 ( MeCP2 ) transcriptional regulation of different target genes and the interaction MeCP2 with microRNAs ( miRNAs ) during liver fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "CpG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we address different signaling pathways interacted with MeCP2 regulated HSC activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such approaches provide valuable insights into the potential targets of liver fibrosis , and are useful pointers for the development of future therapeutic strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dabigatran for the Prevention of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Atrial Fibrillation : A NICE Single Technology Appraisal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) invited the manufacturer of dabigatran etexilate ( Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd , UK ) to submit evidence for the clinical and cost - effectiveness of this drug for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non - valvular atrial fibrillation ( AF ) as part of the NICE single technology appraisal process .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran etexilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York were commissioned to act as the evidence review group ( ERG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article presents a summary of the manufacturer ' s submission , the ERG report and the subsequent development of NICE guidance for the use of dabigatran within the UK National Health Service .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dabigatran was granted marketing authorisation by the European Medicines Agency for a sequential dosing regimen ( DBG sequential ) , in which patients under 80 years are treated with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily ( DBG150 ) and patients 80 years and over are given dabigatran 110 mg twice daily ( DBG110 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NICE decisions are bound by the marketing authorisation ; therefore , the decision problem faced by the committee was whether the DBG sequential regimen was effective and cost - effective compared with warfarin or aspirin for patients with non - valvular AF and one or more risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RE - LY trial , a large multi - centre non - inferiority randomised clinical trial , was the primary source of clinical evidence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBG150 was shown to be non - inferior , and subsequently superior to warfarin , for the primary outcome of all stroke / systemic embolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DBG110 was found to be non - inferior to warfarin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results were presented for a post hoc subgroup analysis for patients under and over 80 years of age , where DBG110 showed a statistically significant reduction of haemorrhagic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage in comparison to warfarin in patients over 80 years of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This post hoc subgroup analysis by age was the basis for the licensed DBG sequential regimen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The economic evaluation compared the costs and outcomes of DBG110 , DBG150 and DBG sequential against warfarin , aspirin , and aspirin plus clopidogrel .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Across the three dosing regimens , dabigatran was associated with greater costs and better health outcomes than warfarin ; however , DBG150 offered the most benefits and dominated DBG110 and DBG sequential ( i . e . less costly and more effective ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cost - effectiveness of DBG150 was less favourable for patients well controlled on warfarin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first appraisal meeting , the committee issued a ' minded no ' decision until additional analyses on the licensed DBG sequential regimen were presented by the manufacturer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These additional analyses indicated that the incremental cost - effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) of the DBG sequential regimen compared with warfarin ranged from pound 8 , 388 to pound 18 , 987 per quality - adjusted life year ( QALY ) gained depending on the level of monitoring costs assumed for warfarin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients on warfarin would need to be within therapeutic range 83 - 85 % of the time for the ICER to exceed pound 30 , 000 per additional QALY .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following consideration of the additional evidence and the responses from a large number of consultees and commentators , the committee recommended dabigatran as DBG sequential as an option for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in people with non - valvular AF with one or more risk factors for ischaemic stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "dabigatran", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asymmetric zinc - catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones and the effect of carboxylate on the enantioselectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "ketones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several chiral ligands containing ( R , R ) - diaminocyclohexane moieties and pyrrole , furan , or benzene have been synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "( R , R ) - diaminocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 64]}, {"entity": "pyrrole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "furan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These ligands were tested in enantioselective zinc - catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions ; excellent enantioselectivities were obtained when the ligands containing ( R , R ) - diaminocyclohexane moieties and furan rings were used .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "( R , R ) - diaminocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 194]}, {"entity": "furan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For comparison , zinc chloride combined with different potassium carboxylate salts and ligands were also tested for catalytic hydrosilylation reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "potassium carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chirality 25 : 275 - 280 , 2013 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variability in P - Glycoprotein Inhibitory Potency ( IC50 ) Using Various In Vitro Experimental Systems : Implications for Universal Digoxin DDI Risk Assessment Decision Criteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A P - glycoprotein ( P - gp ) IC50 working group was established with twenty - three participating pharmaceutical and contract research laboratories and one academic institution to assess inter - laboratory variability in P - gp IC50 determinations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each lab followed their in - house protocol to determine in vitro IC50 values for sixteen inhibitors using four different test systems : Caco - 2 ( 11 labs ) , MDCKII - MDR1 ( 6 labs ) and LLC - PK1 - MDR1 ( 4 labs ) cells , and membrane vesicles containing human P - gp ( 5 labs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For cell models , various equations to calculate remaining transport activity ( e . g . efflux ratio , unidirectional flux , net secretory flux ) were also evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference in IC50 values for each of the inhibitors across all test systems and equations ranged from a minimum of 20 - and 24 - fold between lowest and highest IC50 values for sertraline and isradipine , to a maximum of 407 - and 796 - fold for telmisartan and verapamil , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "sertraline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 192]}, {"entity": "isradipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 262]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For telmisartan and verapamil , variability was greatly influenced by data from one laboratory in each case .", "entity": [{"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Excluding these two data sets brings the range in IC50 values for telmisartan and verapamil down to 69 - and 159 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "telmisartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efflux ratio based - equation generally resulted in several fold lower IC50 values compared to unidirectional or net - secretory flux equations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis indicated that variability in IC50 values was mainly due to inter - laboratory variability , rather than an implicit systematic difference between test systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potential reasons for variability are discussed and the simplest , most robust experimental design for P - gp IC50 determination proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of these findings on drug - drug interaction risk assessment is discussed in the companion paper and recommendations are provided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanism of Fibrinogen Adsorption at Solid Substrates at lower pH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adsorption of fibrinogen was theoretically studied using the three dimensional ( 3D ) random sequential adsorption ( RSA ) model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fibrinogen molecule shape was approximated by the bead model considering the presence of flexible side arms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various cases were considered inter alia , the side - on adsorption mechanisms and the 3D side - on / end - on simultaneous adsorption mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter mechanisms is pertinent to fibrinogen adsorption at lower pH where the entire molecule is positively charged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive calculations enabled one to determine the jamming surface concentration ( coverage ) of molecules adsorbed under the side - on and end - on orientations as well as the total coverage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the 3D model the maximum surface concentration was 7 . 29x103 mu m - 2 corresponding to the protein coverage of 4 . 12 mg m - 2 ( without considering hydration ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the surface blocking functions for the side - on and the 3D adsorption regimes were determined and analytically approximated for the entire range of coverage by the interpolating polynomials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using these blocking functions , fibrinogen adsorption kinetics for diffusion controlled transport conditions was evaluated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of these theoretical results with experimental data was made .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was demonstrated that the 3D model properly reflects the maximum coverage of fibrinogen adsorbed on latex particles determined via the electrokinetic ( electrophoretic mobility ) and AFM measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , streaming potential measurements of fibrinogen adsorption kinetics on mica were successfully interpreted in terms of the 3D adsorption model .", "entity": [{"entity": "mica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The theoretical results derived in this work have implications for basic science providing information on mechanisms of anisotropic protein adsorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Key words : adsorption of fibrinogen , fibrinogen adsorption at lower pH , irreversible adsorption of fibrinogen , jamming coverage of fibrinogen , kinetics of fibrinogen adsorption , random sequential adsorption modeling of fibrinogen adsorption .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggregation - Mediated Macromolecular Uptake by a Molecular Transporter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endocytosis is a key process in cellular delivery of macromolecules by molecular transporters , although the mechanism of internalization remains unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we probe the cellular uptake of streptavidin using biotinylated guanidinoneomycin ( biotinGNeo ) , a low molecular weight guanidinium - rich molecular transporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotinylated guanidinoneomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 88]}, {"entity": "biotinGNeo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "guanidinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two distinct modes were explored : ( i ) incubation of cells with a preformed tetravalent streptavidin - ( biotinGNeo ) 4 conjugate and ( ii ) preincubation of cells with the biotinGNeo before exposure to streptavidin .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotinGNeo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "biotinGNeo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant enhancement in uptake was observed after preincubation with biotinGNeo .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotinGNeo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FRET studies showed that the enhanced uptake was accompanied by extensive aggregation of streptavidin on the cell surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because guanidinylated neomycin was previously found to exclusively bind to heparan sulfate , our observations suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycan aggregation is a pivotal step for endocytic entry into cells by guanidinoglycosides .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanidinylated neomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "guanidinoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations put forward a practical and general pathway for the cellular delivery of diverse macromolecules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Study of Charge - Dependent Transport and Toxicity of Peptide - Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles Using Zebrafish Embryos and Single Nanoparticle Plasmonic Spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nanomaterials possess unusually high surface area - to - volume ratios , and surface - determined physicochemical properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is essential to understand their surface - dependent toxicity in order to rationally design biocompatible nanomaterials for a wide variety of applications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have functionalized the surfaces of silver nanoparticles ( Ag NPs , 11 . 7 +/- 2 . 7 nm in diameters ) with three biocompatible peptides ( CALNNK , CALNNS , CALNNE ) to prepare positively ( Ag - CALNNK NPs + zeta ) , negatively ( Ag - CALNNS NPs - 2 zeta ) , and more negatively charged NPs ( Ag - CALNNE NPs - 4 zeta ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 211]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 251]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [312, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each peptide differs in a single amino acid at its C - terminus , which minimizes the effects of peptide sequences and serves as a model molecule to create positive , neutral and negative charges on the surface of the NPs at pH 4 - 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied their charge - dependent transport into early - developing ( cleavage - stage ) zebrafish embryos and their effects on embryonic development using dark - field optical microscopy and spectroscopy ( DFOMS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that all three Ag - peptide NPs passively diffused into the embryos via their chorionic pore canals , and stayed inside the embryos throughout their entire development ( 120 h ) , showing charge - independent diffusion modes and charge - dependent diffusion coefficients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Notably , the NPs create charge - dependent toxic effects on embryonic development , showing that the Ag - CALNNK NPs + zeta ( positively charged ) are the most biocompatible while the Ag - CALNNE NPs - 4 zeta ( more negatively charged ) are the most toxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By comparing with our previous studies of the same sized citrated Ag and Au NPs , the Ag - peptide NPs are much more biocompatible than the citrated Ag NPs , and nearly as biocompatible as the Au NPs , showing the dependence of nanotoxicity upon the surface charges , surface functional groups and chemical compositions of the NPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "Ag", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}, {"entity": "Au", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also demonstrates powerful applications of single NP plasmonic spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of single NPs in vivo and in tissues , and reveals the possibility of rational design of biocompatible NPs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Small molecule mediated proliferation of primary retinal pigment epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE ) cells form a monolayer adjacent to the retina and play a critical role in the visual light cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Retinal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Degeneration of this layer results in vision loss , causing retinal disorders such as age - related macular degeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell transplant therapies exist to restore vision loss ; however , risks associated with and an inadequate supply of donor cells have limited their therapeutic success .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of factors that proliferate RPE cells ex vivo could provide a renewable source of cells for the treatment of such disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that a small molecule ( WS3 ) can reversibly proliferate primary RPE cells isolated from fetal and adult human donors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following withdrawal of WS3 , RPE cells differentiate into a functional monolayer , as exhibited by their expression of mature RPE genes and phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , chemically expanded RPE cells preserve vision when transplanted into dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons ( RCS ) rats , a well - established model of retinal degeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new vinblastine - type N - oxide alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "N - oxide alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two new vinblastine - type N - oxide alkaloids , 17 - desacetoxyvinblastine [ Formula : see text ] - oxide ( 1 ) and 20 ' - deoxyvinblastine [ Formula : see text ] - oxide ( 2 ) , were isolated from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "N - oxide alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "17 - desacetoxyvinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 75]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "20 ' - deoxyvinblastine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 140]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures of 1 and 2 were established by the analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and HR - ESI - MS spectroscopic data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma ( HepG2 ) cell line , human colorectal carcinoma ( Lovo ) cell line and human breast carcinoma ( MCF - 7 ) cell line by the MTT method in vitro , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that cytotoxic activities of alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on the proliferation of three cancer cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanism - based design of a photo - activatable firefly Luciferase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We developed a photo - activatable firefly luciferase ( fLuc ) whose activation can be controlled by light .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A photocaged lysine analogue was site - specifically incorporated into fLuc to replace its key catalytic lysine residue - Lys529 , rendering fLuc inactive until light - triggered removal of the caging group .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "Lys529", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This photo - induced gain - of - luminescence provides a facile approach for assessing the photolysis efficiency of this valuable photosensitive lysine analogue within the context of its carrier protein in vitro and in living cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further took advantage of the spatial and temporal activation feature of pfLuc for intracellular measurement of labile ATP levels without impairment of a cell ' s physiology .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Histone Mark H3K36me3 Regulates Human DNA Mismatch Repair through Its Interaction with MutS alpha .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA mismatch repair ( MMR ) ensures replication fidelity by correcting mismatches generated during DNA replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although human MMR has been reconstituted in vitro , how MMR occurs in vivo is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that an epigenetic histone mark , H3K36me3 , is required in vivo to recruit the mismatch recognition protein hMutS alpha ( hMSH2 - hMSH6 ) onto chromatin through direct interactions with the hMSH6 PWWP domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abundance of H3K36me3 in G1 and early S phases ensures that hMutS alpha is enriched on chromatin before mispairs are introduced during DNA replication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells lacking the H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2 display microsatellite instability ( MSI ) and an elevated spontaneous mutation frequency , characteristic of MMR - deficient cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work reveals that a histone mark regulates MMR in human cells and explains the long - standing puzzle of MSI - positive cancer cells that lack detectable mutations in known MMR genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiproliferative activity of 2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles toward apoptosis - resistant cancers cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many types of cancer , including glioma , melanoma , NSCLC , among others , are resistant to apoptosis induction and poorly responsive to current therapies with propaptotic agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a series of 2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles , which display cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects in cancer cells , and serve as a new chemical scaffold to develop anticancer agents capable of combating apoptosis - resistant cancers associated with dismal prognoses .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 - disubstituted indoles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and evaluation of Janus type nucleosides as potential HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Janus type nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis of new ribo and 2 ' - beta - C - methyl ribo Janus type nucleosides J - AA , J - AG and J - AU is reported along with their ability to block HCV and HIV replication .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribo and 2 ' - beta - C - methyl ribo Janus type nucleosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their toxicity was also assessed in Huh7 , human lymphocytes , CEM and Vero cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Demographic Transition Influences Variance in Fitness and Selection on Height and BMI in Rural Gambia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent human history is marked by demographic transitions characterized by declines in mortality and fertility [ 1 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By influencing the variance in those fitness components , demographic transitions can affect selection on other traits [ 2 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parallel to changes in selection triggered by demography per se , relationships between fitness and anthropometric traits are also expected to change due to modification of the environment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we explore for the first time these two main evolutionary consequences of demographic transitions using a unique data set containing survival , fertility , and anthropometric data for thousands of women in rural Gambia from 1956 - 2010 [ 3 ] .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show how the demographic transition influenced directional selection on height and body mass index ( BMI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed a change in selection for both traits mediated by variation in fertility : selection initially favored short females with high BMI values but shifted across the demographic transition to favor tall females with low BMI values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate that these differences resulted both from changes in fitness variance that shape the strength of selection and from shifts in selective pressures triggered by environmental changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that demographic and environmental trends encountered by current human populations worldwide are likely to modify , but not stop , natural selection in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First demonstration that brain CYP2D - mediated opiate metabolic activation alters analgesia in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The response to centrally - acting drugs is highly variable between individuals and does not always correlate with plasma drug levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - metabolizing CYP enzymes in the brain may contribute to this variability by affecting local drug and metabolite concentrations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP2D metabolizes codeine to the active morphine metabolite .", "entity": [{"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigate the effect of inhibiting brain , and not liver , CYP2D activity on codeine - induced analgesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats received intracerebroventricular injections of CYP2D inhibitors ( 20 mu g propranolol or 40 mu g propafenone ) or vehicle controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "propafenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to vehicle - pretreated rats , inhibitor - pretreated rats had : a ) lower analgesia in the tail - flick test ( p < 0 . 05 ) and lower areas under the analgesia - time curve ( p < 0 . 02 ) within the first hour after 30mg / kg subcutaneous codeine , b ) lower morphine concentrations and morphine to codeine ratios in the brain ( p < 0 . 02 and p < 0 . 05 , respectively ) , but not in plasma ( p > 0 . 6 and p > 0 . 7 , respectively ) , tested at 30min after 30mg / kg subcutaneous codeine , and c ) lower morphine formation from codeine ex vivo by brain membranes ( p < 0 . 04 ) , but not by liver microsomes ( p > 0 . 9 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 256]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 277]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 305]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [309, 316]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [492, 499]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [516, 524]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [540, 547]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analgesia trended toward a correlation with brain morphine concentrations ( p = 0 . 07 ) and correlated with brain morphine to codeine ratios ( p < 0 . 005 ) , but not with plasma morphine concentrations ( p > 0 . 8 ) or plasma morphine to codeine ratios ( p > 0 . 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that brain CYP2D affects brain morphine levels after peripheral codeine administration , and may thereby alter codeine ' s therapeutic efficacy , side - effect profile and abuse liability .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain CYPs are highly variable due to genetics , environmental factors and age , and may therefore contribute to interindividual variation in the response to centrally - acting drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethnopharmacological and bioactivity guided investigation of five TCM anticancer herbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Five herbs , Curcuma longa L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( CL ) , Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ( SBC ) , Scutellaria barbata D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Don ( SBB ) , Hedyotis diffusa Willd .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( HD ) and Solanum nigrum L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( SN ) , are often prescribed in the polyherbal formulas for cancer treatment by traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) practitioners .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to identify important anticancer herbs used in TCM and carry out bioactivity - directed fractionation and isolation ( BDFI ) using six cancer cell lines as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) , to identify constituents with anticancer activity but devoid of toxic effects against healthy immune cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Of 243 document anticancer TCM treatments , 199 anticancer TCM herbs were ranked by the number of literature reports for each herb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five herbs were identified from the top 50 ranked herbs by at least two out of three TCM practitioners as frequently used in the TCM treatment of cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BDFI using MTS assay was applied to determine the active anticancer extracts , fractions , and finally discrete compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Five herbs were selected for study of their anticancer activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extracts of Curcuma longa L . , Scutellaria barbata D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Don , and Hedyotis diffusa showed antiproliferative activity to various extents , extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Solanum nigrum L . showed little anticancer activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven out of the 21 fractions obtained from Hedyotis diffusa showed anticancer activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One new compound , ethyl 13 ( 2 ) ( S ) - hydroxy - chlorophyllide a ( 1 ) , along with 10 known compounds , i . e . 2 - methyl - 3 - methoxyanthraquinone ( 2 ) , 2 - hydroxymethylanthraquinone ( 3 ) , 2 - hydroxy - 3 - methylanthraquinone ( 4 ) , 2 - hydroxymethy - 1 - hydroxyanthraquinone ( 5 ) , 1 - methoxy - 2 - hydroxyanthraquinone ( 6 ) , 2 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl - 1 - methoxyanthraquinone ( 7 ) , oleanolic acid ( 8 ) , ursolic acid ( 9 ) , stigmasterol ( 10 ) and docosanoic acid ( 11 ) , were isolated and identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl 13 ( 2 ) ( S ) - hydroxy - chlorophyllide a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 68]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 3 - methoxyanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 154]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxymethylanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 193]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxy - 3 - methylanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 239]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxymethy - 1 - hydroxyanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 291]}, {"entity": "1 - methoxy - 2 - hydroxyanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 338]}, {"entity": "2 - hydroxy - 3 - methyl - 1 - methoxyanthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 398]}, {"entity": "oleanolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [407, 421]}, {"entity": "ursolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [430, 442]}, {"entity": "stigmasterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [451, 463]}, {"entity": "docosanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [475, 490]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 2 - 6 , 8 and 9 dose - dependently inhibited the cell viability of cancer cells within a concentration range of 1 - 200 micro M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , compounds 2 , 3 , 5 and 9 showed significantly stronger inhibition of tested cancer cell lines than on that of PBMCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This study identified anticancer herbs , extracts , fractions and eventually compounds from the documented anticancer TCM herbs by using BDFI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also determined the antiproliferative activity in cancer and healthy immune cells of the isolated compounds from Hedyotis diffusa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results will be useful in the validation of the clinical application of these herbs and the development of novel anticancer therapeutics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Production of Cyr61 protein is modulated by extracellular acidification and PI3K / Akt signaling in prostate carcinoma PC - 3 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High expression of Cyr61 , an extracellular cysteine - rich heparin - binding protein , has been associated with a malignant cell phenotype and poor outcome in prostate cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although Cyr61 was found by us to be overproduced in androgen - independent PC - 3 cells treated with N - acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , its significance is still unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "N - acetylcysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore aimed to determine how and why Cyr61 protein is overexpressed in NAC - treated cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we found that Cyr61 protein level markedly increased in cells treated with NAC at high cell seeding density .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Silencing of Cyr61 by siRNA induced enhanced activity of caspase - 3 / 7 , upregulation of the proapototic Bok , BimL and BimS , cleavage of apoptosis hallmarkers such as Bax , PARP and caspase - 3 , and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl2 , Bcl - xL and Mcl - 1 proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NAC treatment caused a reduction of extracellular medium pH to acidic and an increase in Akt phosphorylation , after which the replacement with NAC - free medium returned them to control levels within 24h .", "entity": [{"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "NAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acid stimulation increased the levels of Cyr61 and p - Akt proteins , whereas it suppressed the induction of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , our data indicate that PC - 3 cells overproduce Cyr61 protein via activation of the PI3K / Akt signaling as a part of the survival mechanisms under the conditions causing extracellular acidity and further cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative evaluation of oral and dermal cypermethrin exposure on antioxidant profile in Bubalus bubalis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cypermethrin , a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide , @ 0 . 5mg / kg / day for 14 consecutive weeks produced mild signs of toxicity in buffalo calves .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "pyrethroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant changes were observed in various antioxidant parameters in blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a marked increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation ( 33 . 9 % ) and enzymic activity of glutathione peroxidase ( 6 . 7 % ) , superoxide dismutase ( 35 . 0 % ) , catalase ( 43 . 7 % ) , glutathione - S - transferase ( 64 . 4 % ) , glutathione reductase ( 36 . 7 % ) and glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase ( 32 . 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 254]}, {"entity": "glucose - 6 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant decrease in blood glutathione ( 16 . 7 % ) , total antioxidant activity ( 45 . 4 % ) and vitamin E ( 40 . 8 % ) was observed and no significant effect was found on blood selenium levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the extent of lipid peroxidation ( 42 % ) and the depletion of glutathione ( 28 . 8 % ) was greater after dermal sub - acute toxicity of cypermethrin ( 0 . 25 % ) for 14 consecutive days .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , it was observed that the incline in the enzymic activity of glutathione peroxidase ( 29 . 7 % ) , superoxide dismutase ( 38 . 3 % ) and glutathione reductase ( 38 . 3 % ) was higher in dermally cypermethrin exposed animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 159]}, {"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the present investigation contemplates that oxidative stress is the important mechanisms involved in cypermethrin - induced toxicity and the oxidative insult produced by dermal route is more severe as compared to oral intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "cypermethrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biological effects induced by BSA - stabilized silica nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Much of the concerns regarding engineered nanoparticle ( NP ) toxicity are based on knowledge from previous studies on particles in ambient air or occupational situations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "E . g . , the effects of exposure to silica dust particles have been studied intensely due to the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the increasing usage of engineered amorphous silica NPs has emphasized the need for further mechanistic insight to predict the consequences of exposure to the amorphous type of silica NPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study focused on the in vitro biological effects following exposure to well - dispersed , BSA - stabilized , amorphous silica NPs whereas unmodified silica NPs where included for reasons of comparison .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxicity of the silica NPs was investigated in six different cell lines ( A549 , THP - 1 , CaCo - 2 , ASB - XIV , J - 774A . 1 , and Colon - 26 ) selected to explore the significance of organ and species sensitivity in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viability data demonstrated that macrophages were most sensitive to silica NP and interestingly , murine cell lines were generally found to be more sensitive than comparable human cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies were conducted in the human epithelial lung cell line , A549 , to explore the molecular mechanism of silica toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generation of reactive oxygen species , one of the proposed toxicological mechanisms of NPs , was investigated in A549 cells by the dichlorofluorescin ( DCF ) assay to be significantly induced at NP concentrations above 113 mu g / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "dichlorofluorescin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , induction of oxidative stress related pathways was not found after silica NP exposure for 24h in gene array studies conducted in A549 cells at a relatively low NP concentration ( EC20 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Up - regulated genes ( more than 2 - fold ) were primarily related to lipid metabolism and biosynthesis whereas down - regulated genes included several processes such as transcription , cell junction , extra cellular matrix ( ECM ) - receptor interaction and others .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , gene expression data proposes that several cellular processes other than oxidative stress could be affected by exposure to silica NPs .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum are two perennial plants native to China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arisaema franchetianum is universally used to promote the subsidence of induration and swelling , quicken blood and relieve pains , and kill intestinal parasites in humans and animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arisaema lobatum is used to treat malaria , intestinal parasites , and snake and insect bites in humans and animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the essential oils from Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum and evaluate the anthelmintic effect against Haemonchus contortus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Two oils were investigated by GC and GC - MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The anthelmintic bioassay tests of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oil , linalool and carvacrol were performed using egg hatch assay ( EHA ) , larval development assay ( LDA ) and larval migration inhibition assay ( LMIA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "carvacrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Fifty six components representing 96 . 88 % of the Arisaema franchetianum oil and 64 components representing 96 . 88 % of the Arisaema lobatum oil were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carvacrol and linalool were found to be the major constituents of two oils .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carvacrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the EHA , greater than 99 % inhibition were observed with Arisaema franchetianum oil at 10mg / mL ( CE50 1 . 63mg / mL ) and Arisaema lobatum oil at 5 and 10mg / mL ( CE50 0 . 48mg / mL ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the LDA , both oils induced complete inhibition at 10mg / mL , with the CE50 being 1 . 10mg / mL for Arisaema franchetianum oil and 0 . 73mg / mL for Arisaema lobatum oil .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the LMIA , the Arisaema franchetianum oil and Arisaema lobatum oil at best inhibited 74 . 1 % and 95 . 6 % of larval migration at 10mg / mL , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carvacrol exhibited similar activity to Arisaema lobatum essential oil and linalool did not show high activity in every assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carvacrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "linalool", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These data show for the first time that the essential oils obtained from Arisaema franchetianum or Arisaema lobatum had promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arisaema plant may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sciadopitysin protects osteoblast function via its antioxidant activity in MC3T3 - E1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age - related osteoblast dysfunction is the main cause of age - related bone loss in both men and women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the effect of sciadopitysin , a type of biflavonoids , on osteoblast function was investigated in osteoblastic MC3T3 - E1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "biflavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sciadopitysin caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity , collagen synthesis , osteocalcin production , mineralization , and glutathione content in the cells ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sciadopitysin also decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor - a ( TNF - alpha ) induced by antimycin A , a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the protective effects of sciadopitysin on antimycin A - induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3 - E1 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposure of MC3T3 - E1 cells to antimycin A caused a significant reduction in osteoblast dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , pretreatment with sciadopitysin prior to antimycin A exposure significantly reduced antimycin A - induced cell damage by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation , adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) loss , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) release , and nitrotyrosine increase , suggesting that sciadopitysin may be useful for protecting mitochondria against a burst of oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 211]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 217]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 242]}, {"entity": "nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 286]}, {"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , sciadopitysin increased phosphorylation of cAMP - response element - binding protein ( CREB ) inhibited by antimycin A .", "entity": [{"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "antimycin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that sciadopitysin may reduce or prevent osteoblasts degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "sciadopitysin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro binding affinities of a series of flavonoids for mu - opioid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antinociceptive effect of the synthetic flavonoid 3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacotherapy for the treatment of pain is an active area of investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are effective drugs to treat this problem , but there is also a need to find alternative treatments free of undesirable side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present work the capacity of a series of flavonoids to bind to the mu opioid receptor was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most active compound , 3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone ( 31 ) , a synthetic flavonoid , presented a significant inhibition of the binding of the selective mu opioid ligand [ ( 3 ) H ] DAMGO , with a Ki of 0 . 846 +/- 0 . 263 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 51]}, {"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "[ ( 3 ) H ] DAMGO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flavanone 31 was further synthesized using a simple and cheap procedure with good yield .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its in vivo effects in mice , after acute treatments , were studied using antinociceptive and behavioral assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It showed no sedative , anxiolytic , motor incoordination effects or inhibition of the gastrointestinal transit in mice at the doses tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It evidenced antinociceptive activity on the acetic acid - induced nociception , hot plate and formalin tests ( at 10 mg / kg and 30 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "formalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that the 5 - HT2 receptor and the adrenoceptors seem unlikely to be involved in its antinociceptive effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naltrexone , a nonselective opioid receptors antagonist , totally blocked compound 31 antinociceptive effects on the hot plate test , but naltrindole ( delta opioid antagonist ) and nor - binaltorphimine ( kappa opioid antagonist ) did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naltrexone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "naltrindole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "nor - binaltorphimine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrated that 3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone ( 31 ) , at doses that did not interfere with the motor performance , exerted clear dose dependent antinociception when assessed in the chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice and it seems that its action is related to the activation of the mu opioid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 3 - dibromoflavanone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trabecular bone adapts to long - term cyclic loading by increasing stiffness and normalization of dynamic morphometric rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone has the ability to adapt to external loading conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Especially the beneficial effect of short - term cyclic loading has been investigated in a number of in vivo animal studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to assess the long - term effect ( > 10weeks ) of cyclic mechanical loading on the bone microstructure , bone stiffness , and bone remodeling rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice were subjected to cyclic mechanical loading at the sixth caudal vertebra with 8N or 0N ( control ) three times per week for a total period of 14weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural bone parameters were determined from in vivo micro - computed tomography ( micro - CT ) scans performed at week 0 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , and 14 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanical parameters were derived from micro - finite element analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dynamic bone morphometry was calculated using registration of serial micro - CT scans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness increased significantly more for the loaded group than for the control group ( p = 0 . 006 and p = 0 . 002 respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trabecular bone microstructure adapted to the load of 8N in approximately ten weeks , indicated by the trabecular bone volume fraction , which increased from 16 . 7 % at 0weeks to 21 . 6 % at week 10 and only showed little change afterwards ( bone volume fraction of 21 . 5 % at 14weeks ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly bone stiffness - at the start of the experiment 649N / mm - reached 846N / mm at 10weeks in the loaded group and was maintained to the end of the experiment ( 850N / mm ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 4weeks the bone formation rate was 32 % greater and the bone resorption rate 22 % less for 8N compared to 0N .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference was significantly reduced as the bone adapted to 8N , with 8N remodeling rates returning to the values of the 0N group at approximately 10weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these data suggest that once bone has adapted to a new loading state , the remodeling rates reduce gradually while maintaining bone volume fraction and stiffness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extraction and analysis of cylindrospermopsin from human serum and urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cylindrospermopsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The naturally derived cyanotoxin , cylindrospermopsin ( CYN ) , has been detected in freshwater systems worldwide and poses a threat to human health .", "entity": [{"entity": "cylindrospermopsin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The methods for the extraction and detection of this toxin in source water are well documented , but methods for CYN determination in exposed individuals have not been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , the extraction and detection of CYN from two different matrices , serum and urine , was explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both serum and urine matrices inherently produce interference with analytical analyses and require extensive clean - up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods for extraction of CYN from both matrices were developed and validated using fortified samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum extraction included homogenization followed by protein precipitation and solid phase extraction ( SPE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine samples were processed using filtration , pH manipulation , and SPE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses using a commercially available enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ( LC / MS / MS ) were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Matrix effects inhibited ELISA ' s use as a quantitative tool for both matrices .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LC / MS / MS was determined to be the most effective and reproducible means to detect and quantify CYN .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method detection limits determined in this study using LC / MS / MS were 0 . 25 and 0 . 50 ng mL ( - 1 ) for serum and urine , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This method can be used to test individuals exposed to blooms of cyanobacteria producing CYN .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental toxicity and estrogenic potency of zearalenone in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zearalenone ( ZEA , F2 ) is one of the most common mycotoxins and the only known mycoestrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "mycoestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It enters the food and feed chain from contaminated cereals and infiltrates into sewage or natural waters posing potential threat to exposed livestock , wildlife and humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore evaluation of its biological effects is of international importance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed toxicological tests on zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) larvae and adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental toxicity was assessed by an extended ( 5 days ) fish embryo toxicity test ( FET ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of early ZEA exposure were concentration - dependent with LC50 and LC10 values of 893 and 335 mu g / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In larvae exposed to 500 mu g / L and above , ZEA induced similar phenotype to has ( heart - and soul ) showing defects in heart and eye development and upward curvature of the body axis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 250 mu g / L at 72hpf the gap in the melanophore streak at the base of the tail fin was missing and the fin fold was abnormal , suggesting disturbance in the development of the adult tail fin primordium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogenic potency was measured on the basis of Vitellogenin ( Vtg ) protein ( adults ) levels and relative abundance of vitellogenin - 1 mRNA ( vtg - 1 ) ( larvae and adults ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "qRT - PCR in larvae proved to be sufficient substitute to adult tests and sensitive enough to detect ZEA in 0 . 1 mu g / L concentrations , that is close to levels observed in wastewaters .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Developmental defects reveal that besides direct estrogenic effects , zearalenone might interact with other ontogenic pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "zearalenone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controlled electrochemical deposition and transformation of hetero - nanoarchitectured electrodes for energy storage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review of electrochemically synthesized nanomaterials with different controllable architectures for electrochemical energy storage devices is shown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is demonstrated that these nano - architectures can be created either by electrodeposition or by the electrochemical transformation of materials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrochemical synthesis is presented here as it provides intimate contact between the electrode and current collector and also promotes an electronic pathway for all materials to be connected to the circuit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although still in their infancy , electrosynthesized nano - architectures show promise to be used in future electrochemical energy storage devices as utilization of this method bypasses the need for bulky conductive additives and electrochemically inactive binders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , electrochemical transformations can be used to create additional architectural features or change the chemical make - up of the electrode .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review is meant to show the creativity of current science when it comes to these nano - architectured electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is organized by technique used for synthesis including hard template , soft template , and template - free synthesis along with electrochemical transformation techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of intravenous nicotine on prepulse inhibition in smokers and non - smokers : relationship with familial smoking .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : The reinforcing properties of nicotine may be , in part , derived from its ability to enhance certain forms of cognitive processing .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several animal and human studies have shown that nicotine increases prepulse inhibition ( PPI ) of the startle reflex .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it remains unclear whether these effects are related to smoking susceptibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The current study examined the effects of intravenously delivered nicotine on PPI in smokers and non - smokers , as well as its association with a quantitative index of familial smoking .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The sample consisted of 30 non - smokers and 16 smokers , who completed an initial assessment , followed on a separate day by a laboratory assessment of PPI prior to and following each of two intravenous nicotine infusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separate doses were used in smoker and non - smoker samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Analyses indicated that both nicotine infusions acutely enhanced PPI among non - smokers , and this enhancement was positively related to the degree of smoking among first and second - degree relatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smokers also displayed PPI enhancement after receiving the first infusion , but this effect was unrelated to familial smoking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These data suggest that the PPI paradigm may have utility as an endophenotype for cognitive processes which contribute to smoking risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ventral tegmental area alpha 6 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Phasic dopamine ( DA ) signaling underlies reward learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs into the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) are crucial for modulating burst firing activity and subsequent phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) , but the specific VTA nicotinic receptor subtypes that regulate phasic DA release have not been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The goal was to determine the role of VTA N - methyl - D - aspartate receptors ( NMDARs ) and specific subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) in regulating phasic DA release in the NAc core .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 80]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Fast - scan cyclic voltammetry in anesthetized rats was combined with intra - VTA micro - infusion to evaluate the ability of glutamatergic and cholinergic drugs to modulate stimulated phasic DA release in the NAc core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : VTA NMDAR blockade with AP - 5 decreased , while VTA NMDAR activation with NMDA increased NAc peak phasic DA release .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intra - VTA administration of the nonspecific nAChR antagonist mecamylamine produced a persistent decrease in phasic DA release .", "entity": [{"entity": "mecamylamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infusion of the alpha 6 - selective antagonist alpha - conotoxin MII ( alpha - ctx MII ) produced a robust , but transient decrease in phasic DA , whereas infusion of selective doses of either the alpha 4 beta 2 - selective antagonist , dihydro - beta - erythroidine , or the alpha 7 antagonist , methyllycaconitine , had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydro - beta - erythroidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 266]}, {"entity": "methyllycaconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - infusion of AP - 5 and alpha - ctx MII produced a similar phasic DA decrease as either drug alone , with no additive effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "AP - 5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The results suggest that VTA alpha 6 beta 2 nAChRs , but not alpha 4 beta 2 or alpha 7 nAChRs , regulate phasic DA release in the NAc core and that VTA alpha 6 beta 2 nAChRs and NMDA receptors act at a common site or target to regulate NAc phasic DA signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Value of Expression of M2 - PK and VEGF in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glycolytic pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 ( M2 - PK ) plays a key role in tumor metabolism and energy production .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is critical in regulating angiogenesis which is an essential process required for tumor growth and metastasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These two genes may function in accordance with tumor development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of M2 - PK and VEGF , and their association with clinicopathological features in patients with advanced gastric cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of M2 - PK and VEGF were examined in 142 cases of paraffin - embedded tissue blocks from patients with advanced gastric cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "M2 - PK expression was found to strongly correlate with that of VEGF ( r = 0 . 718 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , expression of M2 - PK and VEGF correlates with tumor size ( p = 0 . 0001 , and p = 0 . 0017 , respectively ) , depth of invasion ( p = 0 . 0024 , and p = 0 . 0261 , respectively ) , and lymph node metastasis ( p = 0 . 036 , and p = 0 . 028 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high expression levels of M2 - PK and VEGF may indicate poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of Soil Trace Elements on Longevity Population in China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on background concentrations of elements in soils and the sixth population census data of China , this study discussed the distribution characteristics of soil elements and longevity population at province level in China .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percentages of the aging population are high in Southwest China and the eastern coastal region but low in western and northwestern regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Provinces in South and Southwest China gain a high level of longevity , while the northern part of China has a low level of longevity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The background concentration of Se in soil has a significant positive correlation with longevity index , while Ba and Ni have a significant negative correlation with longevity indexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "Ba", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By regression analysis , longevity index C / 100 , 000 can be expressed as C / 100 , 000 = 1 . 679 - 0 . 205 Ni + 0 . 413 Co + 0 . 006 Se ( with R ( 2 ) = 0 . 402 and p < 0 . 01 ) , C / 65 + can be expressed as C / 65 + = 3 . 425 - 0 . 262 Ni + 0 . 435 Co + 0 . 006 Se ( with R ( 2 ) = 0 . 369 and p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 137]}, {"entity": "Ni", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 242]}, {"entity": "Co", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 255]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations Overestimate Creatinine Clearance in Older Individuals Enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging : Impact on Renal Drug Dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the performance of kidney function estimation equations and to determine the frequency of drug dose discordance in an older population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Cross - sectional analysis of data from community - dwelling volunteers randomly selected from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging from January 1 , 2005 , to December 31 , 2010 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUBJECTS : A total of 269 men and women with a mean +/- SD age of 81 +/- 6 years , mean serum creatinine concentration ( Scr ) of 1 . 1 +/- 0 . 4 mg / dl , and mean 24 - hour measured creatinine clearance ( mClcr ) of 53 +/- 13 ml / minute .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS : Kidney function was estimated by using the following equations : Cockcroft - Gault ( CG ) , Modification of Diet in Renal Disease ( MDRD ) , and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration ( CKD - EPI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The performance of each equation was assessed by measuring bias and precision relative to mClcr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose calculation errors ( discordance ) were determined for 10 drugs requiring renal dosage adjustments to avoid toxicity when compared with the dosages approved by the Food and Drug Administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CG equation was the least biased estimate of mClcr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MDRD and CKD - EPI equations were significantly positively biased compared with CG ( mean +/- SD 34 +/- 20 % and 22 +/- 15 % , respectively , p < 0 . 001 ) and mClcr ( 29 +/- 47 % and 18 +/- 40 % , respectively , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rounding low Scr values ( less than 1 . 0 mg / dl ) up to an arbitrary value of 1 . 0 mg / dl resulted in CG values ( 44 +/- 10 ml / minute ) that were significantly lower than mClcr ( 56 +/- 12 ml / minute , p < 0 . 001 ) and CG ( 56 +/- 15 ml / minute , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The MDRD and CKD - EPI equations had median dose discordance rates of 28 . 6 % and 22 . 9 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The MDRD and CKD - EPI equations significantly overestimated creatinine clearance ( mClcr and CG ) in elderly individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This leads to dose calculation errors for many drugs , particularly in individuals with severe renal impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus equations estimating glomerular filtration rate should not be substituted in place of the CG equation in older adults for the purpose of renal dosage adjustments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the common practice of rounding or replacing low Scr values with an arbitrary value of 1 . 0 mg / dl for use in the CG equation should be avoided .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional studies that evaluate alternative eGFR equations in the older populations that incorporate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes measures are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multiple Site - Selective Insertions of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Sequence - Repetitive Polypeptides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amino Acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A simple and efficient method is described for the introduction of noncanonical amino acids at multiple , defined sites within recombinant polypeptide sequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Escherichia coli MRA30 , a bacterial host strain with attenuated activity of release factor 1 ( RF1 ) , was assessed for its ability to support incorporation of a diverse range of noncanonical amino acids in response to multiple encoded amber ( TAG ) codons within genes derived from superfolder GFP and an elastin - mimetic protein polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suppression efficiency and protein yield depended on the identity of the orthogonal aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase / tRNA ( CUA ) pair and the noncanonical amino acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoacyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elastin - mimetic protein polymers were prepared in which noncanonical amino acid derivatives were incorporated at up to 22 specific sites within the polypeptide sequence with high substitution efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identities and positions of the variant residues were confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of the full - length polypeptides and proteolytic cleavage fragments from thermolysin digestion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data suggest that this multisite suppression approach permits the preparation of protein - based materials in which novel chemical functionalities can be introduced at precisely defined positions within the polypeptide sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studying the effect of antioxidants on cytogenetic manifestations of solvent exposure in paint industry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To investigate the antioxidant role in reversing cytogenetic changes caused by solvent exposure in paint industry . Subjects and METHODS : A prospective controlled clinical trial was performed on 39 workers exposed to solvents and 39 workers not exposed to solvents by supplying a mixture of antioxidant vitamins ( A , C , E and selenium ) and the after effects of such regimen were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamins ( A , C , E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [316, 336]}, {"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [341, 349]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental monitoring was carried out for air concentrations of different solvents at workplace .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exposed group was cytogenetically tested before and after giving the mixture of antioxidant vitamins for 1 month duration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Frequency of chromosomal aberrations ( CAs ) and the mean of sister chromatid exchanges ( SCEs ) were statistically significantly higher among exposed workers than among controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the supplementation of antioxidants , there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of CAs , and 88 % abnormal levels of SCEs were back to normal levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Antioxidant supplementation decreases the frequency of CAs and SCEs among exposed workers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pirimicarb - based formulation - induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the fresh water fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus ( Jenyns , 1842 ) ( Pisces , Poeciliidae ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pirimicarb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed the aspects of lethality , genotoxicity , and cytotoxicity in the ten spotted live - bearer exposed under laboratory conditions to the pirimicarb - based formulation Patton Flow ( (R) ) ( 50 % active ingredient ( a . i . ) ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pirimicarb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute effects were evaluated using different end points for lethality , genotoxicity , and cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median lethal concentration ( LC50 ) estimation was employed as a bioassay for lethality , whereas micronucleus ( MN ) induction and alterations in erythrocyte / erythroblast frequency were used as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results demonstrated an LC5096h value of 88 mg / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patton Flow ( (R) ) increased the MN frequency in fish erythrocytes after 48 h of exposure at a concentration of 66 mg / L , whereas a concentration range of 22 - 66 mg / L was able to exert the same genotoxic effect at 96 h of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , cytotoxicity was also observed by alterations in erythrocyte / erythroblast frequencies within the concentration range of 22 - 66 mg / L , regardless of the exposure time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our current observations provide evidence that Patton Flow ( (R) ) ( 50 % a . i . ) should be considered a clear lethal , cytotoxic , and genotoxic agent on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , repeated applications of this carbamic insecticide can enter the aquatic environment and exert deleterious effects on aquatic organisms other than the evaluated species C . decemmaculatus .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 1 - Diphenyl , 2 - picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging , bactericidal , fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties of Teucrium stocksianum .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 1 - Diphenyl , 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we evaluated the pharmacological and toxicological effects of Teucrium stocksianum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crude extract of T . stocksianum ( Ts . Cr ) and its subsequent organic fractions : n - hexane ( Ts . Hex ) , chloroform ( Ts . CHCl3 ) and ethyl acetate ( Ts . EtAc ) exhibited 1 , 1 - diphenyl , 2 - picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with different potencies .", "entity": [{"entity": "n - hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Hex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "CHCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 137]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 157]}, {"entity": "EtAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "1 , 1 - diphenyl , 2 - picrylhydrazyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts . EtAc was found to be most potent .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts . Cr , Ts . Hex , Ts . CHCl3 and Ts . EtAc showed significant bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhi , Shigella flexneri and Bacillus subtilis at their extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "CHCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "EtAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts . Cr , Ts . Hex , Ts . CHCl3 and Ts . EtAc displayed fungicidal action against Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani at various minimum inhibitory concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "CHCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "EtAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ts . Cr and Ts . EtAc exhibited marked inhibition of Leishmania tropica growth , observed after 48 and 96 hrs of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "EtAc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that the T . stocksianum methanolic extract and its resultant fractions possess antioxidant , antibacterial , antifungal and antileishmanial activities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the present research unearths the scientific base for T . stocksianum medicinal application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of paraoxonase 1 192 Q / R polymorphism on paraoxonase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities in Turkish population exposed to organophosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organophosphate ( OP ) compounds are the most commonly used pesticide groups and they are commercially used in the market for local and industrial purposes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) enzyme plays an important role in biotransformation of OP compounds , which shows toxic effects via inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PON1 gene polymorphism and its effects on PON and AChE enzyme activities in individuals who were exposed to organophosphorus insecticides due to occupational reasons , and to profile the probability of susceptibility to organophosphorus compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 178]}, {"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , 54 individuals who were exposed to OPs and 54 healthy unrelated controls were studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , PON1 and AChE enzyme activities were measured .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , PON1 192 Q / R polymorphism was determined by standard polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism technique .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the PON1 192 Q / R polymorphism was compared with PON1 enzyme activities , statistically significant association was found in both OP - exposed and control groups ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PON1 192 R ( + ) ( QR + RR genotypes ) genotype carriers had higher PON1 activities than 192 R ( - ) ( QQ ) genotype carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , results were statistically analyzed in terms of AChE enzyme activities and there were statistically significant differences only in the OP - exposed group ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean AChE concentration in the OP - exposed group was determined as 33 . 79 +/- 6 . 84 U / g haemoglobin ( Hb ) for PON1 192 R ( + ) carriers and 30 . 37 +/- 7 . 62 U / g Hb for PON1 192 R ( + ) carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a conclusion , PON1 and AChE activities were increasing according to the genotypes found in individuals having been exposed to OPs at a chronic level ; 192 R ( + ) > 192 R ( - ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural Determinants of Agonist Efficacy at the Glutamate Binding Site of NMDA Receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptors are ligand - gated ion channels assembled from GluN1 and GluN2 subunits .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We utilized a series of N - hydroxypyrazole - 5 - glycine ( NHP5G ) partial agonists at the GluN2 glutamate binding site as tools to study activation of GluN1 / GluN2A and GluN1 / GluN2D NMDA receptor subtypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - hydroxypyrazole - 5 - glycine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 57]}, {"entity": "NHP5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show using two - electrode voltage - clamp electrophysiology , fast - application patch - clamp , and single channel recordings that propyl - and ethyl - substituted NHP5G agonists have a broad range of agonist efficacies relative to the full agonist glutamate ( < 1 % - 72 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propyl - and ethyl - substituted NHP5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 174]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal structures of the agonist binding domains ( ABDs ) of GluN2A and GluN2D do not reveal any differences in the overall domain conformation induced by binding of the full agonist glutamate or the partial agonist propyl - NHP5G , which is strikingly different from ABD structures of AMPA and kainate receptors bound to full and partial agonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "propyl - NHP5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 231]}, {"entity": "AMPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 291]}, {"entity": "kainate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [296, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent evaluation of relative NHP5G agonist efficacy at GluN2A - GluN2D chimeric subunits implicates the amino - terminal domain ( ATD ) as a strong determinant of agonist efficacy , suggesting that interdomain interactions between the ABD and the ATD may be a central element in controlling the manner by which agonist binding leads to channel opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "NHP5G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that variation in the overall receptor conformation , which is strongly influenced by the nature of interdomain interactions in resting and active states , mediates differences in agonist efficacy and partial agonism at the GluN2 subunits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microfluidic affinity and ChIP - seq analyses converge on a conserved FOXP2 - binding motif in chimp and human , which enables the detection of evolutionarily novel targets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transcription factor forkhead box P2 ( FOXP2 ) is believed to be important in the evolution of human speech .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mutation in its DNA - binding domain causes severe speech impairment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Humans have acquired two coding changes relative to the conserved mammalian sequence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite intense interest in FOXP2 , it has remained an open question whether the human protein ' s DNA - binding specificity and chromatin localization are conserved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous in vitro and ChIP - chip studies have provided conflicting consensus sequences for the FOXP2 - binding site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using MITOMI 2 . 0 microfluidic affinity assays , we describe the binding site of FOXP2 and its affinity profile in base - specific detail for all substitutions of the strongest binding site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We find that human and chimp FOXP2 have similar binding sites that are distinct from previously suggested consensus binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , through analysis of FOXP2 ChIP - seq data from cultured neurons , we find strong overrepresentation of a motif that matches our in vitro results and identifies a set of genes with FOXP2 binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FOXP2 - binding sites tend to be conserved , yet we identified 38 instances of evolutionarily novel sites in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combined , these data present a comprehensive portrait of FOXP2 ' s - binding properties and imply that although its sequence specificity has been conserved , some of its genomic binding sites are newly evolved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Self - Assembly and Near Perfect Macroscopic Alignment of Fluorescent Triangulenium Salt in Spin Cast Thin Films on PTFE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triangulenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "PTFE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Highly fluorescent , discotic trioxatriangulenium dyes were aligned by simple spin casting on substrates with friction transferred PTFE layers .", "entity": [{"entity": "trioxatriangulenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "PTFE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fluorescent crystalline thin films show near perfect macroscopic alignment on centimeter large areas directly from spin casting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gracing Incidence X - ray Diffraction ( GIXD ) unambiguously allowed to determine a long range order unit cell as well as its orientation with respect to the PTFE fibers .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTFE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis of the X - ray data , in conjunction with polarized absorption spectroscopy , suggest a lamellar packing model with alternating layers of alkyl chains and ionic dyes oriented parallel to the substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This structure results in a highly anisotropic electrostatic potential around the cationic chromophore , causing significant shifts in energy and orientation of the optical transitions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the optical properties of the material are , to a large extent , controlled by the position of the otherwise inert PF6 - counter ions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bright fluorescence from the films is also polarized parallel to the PTFE alignment layer .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTFE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doping of the thin films with fluorescent energy acceptor traps shows that efficient exciton migration takes place in the thin films .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The excellent exciton transfer capabilities , in conjunction with the perfect alignment , might be of interest in future applications in solar energy harvesting or as thin film sensors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "How Selective Are the New Guidelines for Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism for Patients with Thyrotropin Levels At or Below 10 mIU / L ?", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Background : By consensus , a thyrotropin ( TSH ) level persistently > 10 mIU / L is an indication for the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism ( SCH ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controversy exists regarding patients whose TSH level is elevated but < 10 mIU / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the American Thyroid Association ( ATA ) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ( AACE ) published their position about factors that should be considered in the decision on treating SCH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study evaluated the frequency of these factors among adult ( non - pregnant ) women with SCH whose TSH levels are <= 10 mIU / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methods : The presence of the conditions that should be considered for the treatment of SCH according to ATA and AACE was evaluated in 252 women who were diagnosed with SCH and had TSH levels <= 10 mIU / L .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant women were excluded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results : Antithyroperoxidase antibodies ( TPOAbs ) were detected in 137 ( 54 . 3 % ) women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high cardiovascular risk was observed in 43 ( 17 % ) women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty ( 31 . 7 % ) women who were not at high cardiovascular risk presented at least one classical risk factor ( arterial hypertension , elevated level of low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol or low level of high - density lipoprotein - cholesterol , smoking , or first - degree family history of premature coronary artery disease ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At least one symptom or sign of hypothyroidism that could not be explained by another condition was observed in 180 ( 71 . 4 % ) women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two hundred thirty - two ( 92 % ) women had positive TPOAbs , or at least one classical cardiovascular risk factor , or at least one symptom or sign of hypothyroidism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conclusions : According to the new ATA and AACE guidelines , L - T4 therapy would be considered for 92 % of women with SCH and TSH <= 10 mIU / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - T4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NMDA receptors and memory encoding .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is humbling to think that 30 years have passed since the paper by Collingridge , Kehl and McLennan showing that one of Jeff Watkins most interesting compounds , R - 2 - amino - 5 - phosphonopentanoate ( d - AP5 ) , blocked the induction of long - term potentiation in vitro at synapses from area CA3 of the hippocampus to CA1 without apparent effect on baseline synaptic transmission ( Collingridge et al . , 1983 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "R - 2 - amino - 5 - phosphonopentanoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 203]}, {"entity": "d - AP5", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This dissociation was one of the key triggers for an explosion of interest in glutamate receptors , and much has been discovered since that collectively contributes to our contemporary understanding of glutamatergic synapses - their biophysics and subunit composition , of the agonists and antagonists acting on them , and their diverse functions in different networks of the brain and spinal cord .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It can be fairly said that Collingridge et al . ' s ( 1983 ) observation was the stimulus that has led , on the one hand , to structural biological work at the atomic scale describing the key features of NMDA receptors that enables their coincidence function to happen ; and , on the other , to work with whole animals investigating the contributions that calcium signalling via this receptor can have on rhythmical activities controlled by spinal circuits , memory encoding in the hippocampus ( the topic of this article ) , visual cortical plasticity , sensitization in pain , and other functions .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 208]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [356, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , I lay out how my then interest in long - term potentiation ( LTP ) as a model of memory enabled me to recognise the importance of Collingridge et al . ' s discovery - and how I and my colleagues endeavoured to take things forward in the area of learning and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is in some respects a personal story , and I tell it as such .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The idea that NMDA receptor activation is essential for memory encoding , though not for storage , took time to develop and to be accepted .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Along the way , there have been confusions , challenges , and surprises surrounding the idea that activation of NMDA receptors can trigger memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these are described and how they have been addressed and resolved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Last , I touch on some new directions of interest with respect to the functional role of the NMDA receptor in cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scientific evidence for traditional claim of antiobesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : The bark of Tecomella undulata is traditionally claimed in the treatment of various disease ailments including obesity and cancer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Till now there are no studies about anti obesity activity of Tecomella undulata bark .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : The present study was aimed to establish a scientific evidence for anti obesity efficiency of ethyl acetate extract of Tecomella undulata bark ( EATUB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further to standardize the active fractions of EATUB using different biomarkers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We investigated activity of EATUB fractions ( F1 - F7 ) using 3T3 - L1 fibroblasts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , F1 - mediated effects were characterized by determining mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1 , one of the key targets for the treatment of obesity , using semi quantitative RT - PCR ( sqRT - PCR ) and western blot analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consequences of modulation of SIRT1 on mRNA and protein levels of various adipogenesis mediators like PPAR gamma , C / EBP alpha , E2F1 , leptin , adiponectin and LPL were also studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - vivo studies were performed using High Fat Diet ( HFD ) obese mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our data showed that compared to controls , preadipocytes and adipocytes incubated with F1 exhibited a significant decrease in adipogenesis and lipogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , sqRT - PCR and western blot analysis showed significant increase in SIRT1 and adiponectin levels and decrease in PPAR gamma , C / EBP alpha , E2F1 , leptin and LPL levels in preadipocytes and adipocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - vivo studies of F1 in HFD induced obese mice showed significant improvement in lipid profile and glucose levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bioactive fraction ( F1 ) was determined to possess 4 . 95 % of ferulic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Thus , our findings signified the beneficial effects of Tecomella undulata bark in pharmacologic interventions related to obesity and metabolic disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ferulic acid and rutin are being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ferulic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytotoxic effects of amphetamine mixtures in primary hepatocytes are severely aggravated under hyperthermic conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphetamine consumers are often , deliberately or not , polydrug abusers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predicting combination effects based on concentration - response analysis of individual components is a valid strategy for accurate toxicological assessment of mixtures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously reported that joint effects of 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA , ecstasy ) and three other often co - ingested amphetamines ( methamphetamine , 4 - methylthyoamphetamine and D - amphetamine ) could be predicted by the concentration addition ( CA ) model in HepG2 cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 82]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "amphetamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 168]}, {"entity": "4 - methylthyoamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 196]}, {"entity": "D - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to further evaluate the relevance of these findings by extending these studies to a cell model that more closely mimics the in vivo situation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed cytotoxic information of the four individual amphetamines on primary rat hepatocytes was recorded by the MTT assay , at 37 degrees C and 40 . 5 degrees C , simulating the rise in body temperature that could be induced following amphetamine intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixture expectations were calculated using CA and independent action ( IA ) models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 37 degrees C , concentration - dependent cytotoxicity occurred for the drugs individually and combined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixture effects were accurately predicted by the CA model , while the IA model underestimated cytotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 40 . 5 degrees C these cytotoxic effects were aggravated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings provide evidence of the increased risks associated with the abuse of amphetamine mixtures , especially during hyperthermia , emphasising the need to increase awareness of misinformed users who believe these drugs are safe .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of HLA , CTLA4 , and Insulin Genotypes for Type 1 Diabetes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVEThis study assessed the ability to distinguish between type 1 diabetes - affected individuals and their unaffected relatives using HLA and single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) genotypes . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSEight models , ranging from only the high - risk DR3 / DR4 genotype to all significantly associated HLA genotypes and two SNPs mapping to the cytotoxic T - cell - associated antigen - 4 gene ( CTLA4 ) and insulin ( INS ) genes , were fitted to high - resolution class I and class II HLA genotyping data for patients from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pairs of affected individuals and their unaffected siblings were divided into a \" discovery \" ( n = 1 , 015 pairs ) and a \" validation \" set ( n = 318 pairs ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discriminating performance of various combinations of genetic information was estimated using receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis . RESULTSThe use of only the presence or absence of the high - risk DR3 / DR4 genotype achieved very modest discriminating ability , yielding an area under the curve ( AUC ) of 0 . 62 in the discovery set and 0 . 59 in the validation set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The full model , which included HLA information from the class II loci DPB1 , DRB1 , DQB1 , selected alleles from HLA class I loci A and B , and SNPs from the CTLA4 and INS genes , increased the AUC to 0 . 74 in the discovery set and to 0 . 71 in the validation set .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A cost - effective alternative is proposed , using genotype information equivalent to typing four SNPs ( DR3 , DR4 - DQB1 * 03 : 02 , CTLA - 4 , and INS ) , which achieved an AUC of 0 . 72 in the discovery set and 0 . 69 in the validation set . CONCLUSIONSGenotyping data sufficient to tag DR3 , DR4 - DQB1 * 03 : 02 , CTLA4 , and INS was shown to distinguish between subjects with type 1 diabetes and their unaffected siblings adequately to achieve clinically utility to identify children in multiplex families to be considered for early intervention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuf2 boosts the transcription of APC / C activator Fzr1 to terminate the meiotic division cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of nuclear divisions in meiosis is strictly limited to two .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the precise mechanism remains unknown , this seems to be achieved by adjusting the anaphase - promoting complex / cyclosome ( APC / C ) activity to degrade cyclin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe a fission yeast cuf2 mutant that enters into a third nuclear division cycle , represented by ectopic spindle assembly and abnormal chromosome segregation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cuf2 is a meiotic transcription factor , and its critical target is fzr1 ( + ) / mfr1 ( + ) , which encodes a meiotic APC / C activator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "fzr1 Delta also enters a third nuclear division .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , Cuf2 ensures termination of the M - phase cycle by boosting Fzr1 expression to generate functional gametes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracellular trafficking of solid lipid nanoparticles and their distribution between cells through tunneling nanotubes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular fate of nanosized drug delivery systems is still not well understood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Various internalization pathways have been discovered , but knowledge of their intracellular trafficking is still incomplete .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to examine the internalization , pathways , and positioning taken by solid lipid nanoparticles ( SLNs ) in cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLNs were fluorescence labeled with a newly synthesized fluorescent probe , 14 - DACA .", "entity": [{"entity": "14 - DACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The probe was strongly incorporated into the nanoparticle core under the influence of its long lipophilic chain , enabling superior visualization of SLNs under complex and dynamic intracellular conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracellular distribution of SLNs was studied qualitatively using a co - localization technique and quantitatively using fluorescence intensity profiles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLNs were seen inside the cells as distinct bright blue dots that underwent dynamic movement and were finally positioned in the proximity of the nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A few SLNs were shown to be present in mitochondria and between actin filaments , but none in the cell nucleus or lysosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SLNs are here reported to be present in tunneling nanotubes ( TNTs ) , which could be a new route of SLN transfer between cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More TNTs were observed in cells treated with SLNs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of TNTs was additionally confirmed by atomic force microscopy analysis , which indicated that treated cells were more rough than control cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed investigation of the subcellular localization of SLNs and the evidence for their transfer and distribution via TNTs to the cells , which are not in direct contact with the source of SLNs , are important for understanding the mechanism of targeted drug delivery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the possible intercellular distribution of SLNs via TNTs can significantly influence approaches to treating organelle - specific diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ubiquitous trisulfur radical anion : fundamentals and applications in materials science , electrochemistry , analytical chemistry and geochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "trisulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trisulfur radical anion [ S3 ] . ( - ) is well - known from inorganic chemistry textbooks as the blue chromophore in ultramarine blues in which this highly reactive species is trapped in a zeolitic framework .", "entity": [{"entity": "trisulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "[ S3 ] . ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent findings have revealed that [ S3 ] . ( - ) has a multi - faceted role in a variety of media , including alkali metal - sulfur batteries , aqueous solutions at high temperatures and pressures , and ionic liquids ; it has also been used to detect trace amounts of water in organic solvents .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ S3 ] . ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This tutorial review illustrates how various physical techniques are used to identify a reactive species in solution and shows how elucidation of electronic structures can be used to explain spectroscopic and structural properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examples of the function of [ S3 ] . ( - ) in materials science , electrochemistry , analytical chemistry and geochemistry are used to illustrate the widespread influence of this fundamentally important triatomic sulfur species .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ S3 ] . ( - )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "triatomic sulfur", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "COMPLETE ARTIFICIAL SALIVA ALTERS EXPRESSION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN HUMAN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete artificial saliva ( CAS ) is a saliva substitute often used as a vehicle for test articles , including smokeless tobacco products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the course of a study employing normal adult human dermal fibroblasts ( HDFa ) as a model in vitro , we discovered that CAS as a vehicle introduced a significant change in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the effects of CAS on gene expression , real - time quantitative reverse - transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( qRT - PCR ) gene array analysis was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results indicate that robust changes in the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 ( IL8 ) and the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( VCAM1 ) occur within 5 hours of exposure to CAS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether CAS also alters cytokine release into the culture media , cytometric bead array ( CBA ) assays for human inflammatory cytokines were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis shows that CAS induced the release of IL8 and interleukin 6 ( IL6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study focused on determining which components in CAS were responsible for the proinflammatory response in HDFa .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following components were investigated : alpha - amylase , lysozyme , acid phosphatase , and urea .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results demonstrated that enzymatically active alpha - amylase induced gene expression for proinflammatory cytokines IL8 , IL6 , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF alpha ) , and interleukin 1 alpha ( IL1 alpha ) , and for VCAM1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is important to carefully evaluate the \" vehicle effects \" of CAS and its components in in vitro toxicology research .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simple and Rapid Synthesis of Magnetite / Hydroxyapatite Composites for Hyperthermia Treatments via a Mechanochemical Route .", "entity": [{"entity": "Magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "Hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper presents a simple method for the rapid synthesis of magnetite / hydroxyapatite composite particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this method , superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles are first synthesized by coprecipitation using ferrous chloride and ferric chloride .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "ferrous chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 122]}, {"entity": "ferric chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately following the synthesis , carbonate - substituted ( B - type ) hydroxyapatite particles are mechanochemically synthesized by wet milling dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium carbonate in a dispersed suspension of magnetite nanoparticles , during which the magnetite nanoparticles are incorporated into the hydroxyapatite matrix .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "dicalcium phosphate dihydrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 178]}, {"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 200]}, {"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 239]}, {"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 282]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [323, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed that the resultant magnetite / hydroxyapatite composites possessed a homogeneous dispersion of magnetite nanoparticles , characterized by an absence of large aggregates .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "hydroxyapatite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When this material was subjected to an alternating magnetic field , the heat generated increased with increasing magnetite concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For a magnetite concentration of 30 mass % , a temperature increase greater than 20 K was achieved in less than 50 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnetite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that our composites exhibit good hyperthermia properties and are promising candidates for hyperthermia treatments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Study into the Properties of C60 Dumbbell Junctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "C60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A combined experimental and theoretical investigation is carried out into the electrical transport across a fullerene dumbbell one - molecule junction .", "entity": [{"entity": "fullerene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly designed molecule comprises two C60 s connected to a fluorene backbone via cyclopropyl groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "C60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "cyclopropyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is wired between gold electrodes under ambient conditions by pressing the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope ( STM ) onto one of the C60 groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "C60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The STM allows us to identify a single molecule before the junction is formed through imaging , which means unambiguously that only one molecule is wired .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once lifted , the same molecule could be wired many times as it was strongly fixed to the tip , and a high conductance state close to 10 ( - 2 ) G0 is found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results also suggest that the relative conductance fluctuations are low as a result of the low mobility of the molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theoretical analysis indicates that the molecule is connected directly to one electrode through the central fluorene , and that to bind it to the gold fully it has to be pushed through a layer of adsorbates naturally present in the experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extracellular Electron Transfer across Bacterial Cell Membranes via a Cytocompatible Redox - Active Polymer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A redox - active phospholipid polymer with a phospholipid - mimicking structure ( 2 - methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine ; MPC ) was synthesized to construct a biocompatible electron mediator between bacteria and an electrode .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 124]}, {"entity": "MPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , a copolymer of MPC and vinylferrocene [ VF ; poly ( MPC - co - VF ) ] ( PMF ) is synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "vinylferrocene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "poly ( MPC - co - VF )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "PMF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When PMF is added to cultures of the bacterial species Escherichia coli ( Gram negative ) and Lactobacillus plantarum ( Gram positive ) , which have different cell wall structures , a catalytic current mediated by PMF is observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "PMF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , growth curves and live / dead assays indicate that PMF does not decrease metabolic activity or cell viability .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that PMF mediates extracellular electron transfer across bacterial cell membranes without associated cytotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PMF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PICK1 Deficiency Impairs Secretory Vesicle Biogenesis and Leads to Growth Retardation and Decreased Glucose Tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secretory vesicles in endocrine cells store hormones such as growth hormone ( GH ) and insulin before their release into the bloodstream .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular mechanisms governing budding of immature secretory vesicles from the trans - Golgi network ( TGN ) and their subsequent maturation remain unclear .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we identify the lipid binding BAR ( Bin / amphiphysin / Rvs ) domain protein PICK1 ( protein interacting with C kinase 1 ) as a key component early in the biogenesis of secretory vesicles in GH - producing cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both PICK1 - deficient Drosophila and mice displayed somatic growth retardation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth retardation was rescued in flies by reintroducing PICK1 in neurosecretory cells producing somatotropic peptides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PICK1 - deficient mice were characterized by decreased body weight and length , increased fat accumulation , impaired GH secretion , and decreased storage of GH in the pituitary .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased GH storage was supported by electron microscopy showing prominent reduction in secretory vesicle number .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence was also obtained for impaired insulin secretion associated with decreased glucose tolerance .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PICK1 localized in cells to immature secretory vesicles , and the PICK1 BAR domain was shown by live imaging to associate with vesicles budding from the TGN and to possess membrane - sculpting properties in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mouse pituitary , PICK1 co - localized with the BAR domain protein ICA69 , and PICK1 deficiency abolished ICA69 protein expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Drosophila brain , PICK1 and ICA69 co - immunoprecipitated and showed mutually dependent expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , both in a Drosophila model of type 2 diabetes and in high - fat - diet - induced obese mice , we observed up - regulation of PICK1 mRNA expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that PICK1 , together with ICA69 , is critical during budding of immature secretory vesicles from the TGN and thus for vesicular storage of GH and possibly other hormones .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data link two BAR domain proteins to membrane remodeling processes in the secretory pathway of peptidergic endocrine cells and support an important role of PICK1 / ICA69 in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray structure analysis of a solid solution of milbemycins A3 and A4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "milbemycins A3 and A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milbemycins A3 and A4 are pharmaceutically and agriculturally useful macrolides isolated from Streptomyces species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milbemycins A3 and A4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular structures of the title compounds were unambiguously established by a single crystal X - ray analysis of the solid solution of both compounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crystals present trigonal system , space group P32 with Z = 3 , unit cell dimensions : a = 12 . 2211 ( 4 ) , c = 17 . 5372 ( 7 ) A ; V = 2268 . 4 ( 1 ) A ( 3 ) , mu = 0 . 082 mm ( - 1 ) ; d = 1 . 183 g cm ( - 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An interesting system of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and weak intermolecular CH ... O type hydrogen bond was observed in the solid state .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "CH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 87]}, {"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Site - specific and Far - Red Light - Activatable Prodrug of Combretastain A - 4 Using Photo - Unclick Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Combretastain A - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although tissue - penetrable light ( red and NIR ) has a great potential for spatiotemporally controlled release of therapeutic agents , it has been hampered because of the lack of chemistry translating the photonic energy to a cleavage of a chemical bond .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we discovered that an aminoacrylate group could be cleaved to release parent drugs after oxidation by SO , and have called this \" photo - unclick chemistry \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate its application to far - red light - activated prodrugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A prodrug of combretastatin A - 4 ( CA4 ) was prepared , CMP - L - CA4 : CMP ( dithiaporphyrin , a photosensitizer ) and L ( aminoacrylate linker ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "combretastatin A - 4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "CMP - L - CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "CMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "dithiaporphyrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 94]}, {"entity": "aminoacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon irradiation with 690 nm diode laser , the aminoacrylate linker of the prodrug was cleaved rapidly releasing CA4 ( > 80 % in 10 min ) in CDCl3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "CDCl3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the tissue culture , it showed about a 6 - fold increase in its IC50 in MCF - 7 after the irradiation , most likely , because of the released CA4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most significantly , CMP - L - CA4 had better antitumor efficacy in vivo than its non - cleavable ( NC ) analog , CMP - NCL - CA4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CMP - L - CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "CMP - NCL - CA4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first demonstration of the in vivo efficacy of the novel low - energy light - activatable prodrug using the photo - unclick chemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Strange Kinetics \" in the Temperature Dependence of Methionine Ligand Rebinding Dynamics in Cytochrome c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temperature dependence of methionine ligand dissociation and rebinding dynamics in cytochrome c in aqueous solution has been studied using classical molecular dynamics simulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results are compared with previous study of rebinding dynamics at 300K in water in order to understand how the change of protein environment and the underlying protein energy landscape influence the dynamics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rebinding dynamics at 77K , 180K , and 300K exhibits changes in both timescale and mechanism as the protein and solvent undergo a dynamic \" glass transition . \" At each temperature , the rebinding dynamics yields a subset of trajectories that undergo fast rebinding as well as a subset of trajectories that undergo slower rebinding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 300K in water , both a fast ( 4 . 0 ps ) and slow ( 14 . 6 ps ) rebinding is observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While fast rebinding occurs from a \" downward \" ( heme pointing ) substate of the methionine , the slow rebinding involves interconversion between an \" upward \" substate , from which rebinding cannot occur , and the downward substate .", "entity": [{"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At lower temperatures ( 77K and 180K ) the upward dissociated substate was not observed due to the high barrier imposed by the \" frozen \" protein structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a slow rebinding phase is observed at both 77K and 180K and is associated with a process of trapping in downward but \" binding forbidden \" substates with subsequent slow dynamical conversion to \" binding competent \" substates from which rebinding is relatively rapid .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distinctive rebinding dynamics at 77K and 180K suggest that different rebinding time scales are predetermined by the protein and solvent structural arrangement prior to photodissociation , which causes either fast rebinding ( about 2ps ) or slow ( > 50ps ) rebinding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suggestions for future experiments to further probe the role of dynamic heterogeneity in the kinetics of methionine ligand binding in cytochrome c protein are proposed .", "entity": [{"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( De ) Lithiation Mechanism of Li / SeSx ( x = 0 - 7 ) Batteries Determined by In - situ Synchrotron X - ray Diffraction and X - ray Absorption Spectroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "SeSx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrical energy storage for transportation has going beyond the limit of converntional lithium - ion batteries currently .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New material or new battery system development is an alternative approach to achieve the goal of new high energy storage system with energy densities five times or more greater .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of SeSx - carbon ( x = 0 - 7 ) composite materials has been prepared and evaluated as the positive electrodes in secondary lithium cells with ether - based electrolyte .", "entity": [{"entity": "SeSx", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In - situ synchrotron high energy X - ray diffraction was utilized to investigate the crystalline phase transition during cell cycling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complementary , in - situ Se K - edge X - ray absorption near edge structure analysis was used to track the evolution of the Se valence state for both crystalline and non - crystalline phases , including amorphous and electrolyte - dissolved phases in the ( de ) lithiation process .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of these reuslts , a mechanism for the ( de ) lithiation process is proposed , where Se is reduced to the polyselenides , Li2Sen ( n >= 4 ) , Li2Se2 , and Li2Se sequentially during the lithiation , and Li2Se is oxidized to Se through Li2Sen ( n >= 4 ) during the delithiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}, {"entity": "polyselenides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Li2Sen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Li2Se2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}, {"entity": "Li2Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "Li2Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 220]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 238]}, {"entity": "Li2Sen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the reversibility of the Li / Se system in ether - based electrolyte and the presence of side products in the carbonate - based electrolytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 137]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 153]}, {"entity": "carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For Li / SeS2 and Li / SeS7 cells , Li2Se and Li2S are the discharged products with the presence of Se only as the crystalline phase in the end of charge .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "SeS2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "Li", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "SeS7", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "Li2Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Li2S", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Governing Role of Surface Hydration in Ion Specific Adsorption to Silica - an AFM Based Account of the Hofmeister Universality and its Reversal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AFM measurements of the force acting between silica surfaces in the presence of varied alkali - chloride salts and pH ' s elucidate the origin of the Hofmeister adsorption series and its reversal .", "entity": [{"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "alkali - chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At low pH , electrostatics is shown to be insignificant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preferential adsorption of Cs + to the silica surface is traced to the weak hydration of neutral silanols and the resulting hydrophobic expulsion of weakly hydrated ions from bulk solution to the interface .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cs +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "silica", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "silanols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same interactions keep the strongly hydrated Li + and Na + in solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Li +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "Na +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As pH is increased , a tightly bound hydration layer forms on deprotonating silanols .", "entity": [{"entity": "silanols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cs + is correspondingly expelled from the surface and adsorption of small ions is encouraged .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cs +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced role of surface hydration is corroborated by hydration repulsion observed at high pH , surface over - charging at low pH , and data in other oxides .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fungal ABC Transporter - Associated Activity of Isoflavonoids from the Root Extract of Dalea formosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoflavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "New potential treatments for disseminated fungal infections are needed , especially for infections caused by the commonly drug - resistant pathogens Candida albicans and C . glabrata .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These pathogens cause systemic candidiasis , a significant cause of mortality in immune - compromised patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ABC transporters of the pleiotropic drug resistance subfamily , such as Cdr1p of C . albicans , play an important role in antifungal resistance and are potential bioassay targets for antifungal therapies against drug - resistant pathogens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We observed strong antifungal growth inhibitory activity in the methanol extract of Dalea formosa roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This extract afforded six new isoflavonoids , sedonans A - F ( 1 - 6 ) , a new but - 2 - enolide , 4 ' - O - methylpuerol A ( 7 ) , and the new pterocarpan ent - sandwicensin ( 8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoflavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "sedonans A - F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "but - 2 - enolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 96]}, {"entity": "4 ' - O - methylpuerol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 123]}, {"entity": "ent - sandwicensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were assigned using spectroscopic and chiroptical techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The direct antifungal activity of 1 against C . glabrata ( MIC = 20 mu M ) was higher than that of fluconazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sedonans A - F and ent - sandwicensin were also active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that express differing ABC transporter - associated resistance mechanisms but differed in their susceptibility to Cdr1p - mediated detoxification .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sedonans A - F", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ent - sandwicensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A sedonan A ( 1 ) / ent - sandwicensin ( 8 ) combination exhibited synergistic growth inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "sedonan A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "ent - sandwicensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrate that multiple crude extract compounds are differentially affected by efflux - mediated resistance and are collectively responsible for the observed bioactivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Chemometric Approach to Distribution of Selenium in Medicinal Plants Cultivated in Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of selenium ( Se ) in common raw plant materials ( herbs , leaves , flowers , fruits , and roots ) obtained from medicinal plants cultivated in Poland .", "entity": [{"entity": "selenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the relationship between the morphological part of a plant and its species was examined , and the concentration of Se in it was measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectrofluorimetric determination of Se in 148 samples of 44 plant species revealed that the majority of the plants contained Se at a level from several to several tens of mu g / kg dry weight ( d . w . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relatively high Se concentration , in the order of 50 mu g / kg d . w . , was found in Majoranae herba , Crataegi fructus , and Lini semen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An especially high Se level , > 100 mu g / kg d . w . , was found in only three plants - Equiseti herba , Farfarae folium , and Cichorii radix .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of a nonparametric Kruskal - Wallis analysis of variance test indicates that the morphological variable influences the level of Se in the studied groups of raw plant materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean concentration of Se in fruits differs significantly from that found in flowers and roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there was no statistically significant difference between the Se content in herbs and leaves and its levels in fruits , flowers , and roots .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cluster analysis and principal component analysis calculations show that it is possible to relate the Se concentration in plant material to the plant species and botanical family of the medicinal plant in only a few cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of average Se levels in the plant species showed that the plants belonging to the Apiaceae and Labiatae are more Se - rich than those belonging to Rosaceae botanical families .", "entity": [{"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "Se", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - destructive monitoring of creaming of oil - in - water emulsion - based formulations using magnetic resonance imaging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abstract A non - destructive method for monitoring creaming of emulsion - based formulations is in great demand because it allows us to understand fully their instability mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was aimed at demonstrating the usefulness of magnetic resonance ( MR ) techniques , including MR imaging ( MRI ) and MR spectroscopy ( MRS ) , for evaluating the physicochemical stability of emulsion - based formulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emulsions that are applicable as the base of practical skin creams were used as test samples .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Substantial creaming was developed by centrifugation , which was then monitored by MRI .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The creaming oil droplet layer and aqueous phase were clearly distinguished by quantitative MRI by measuring T1 and the apparent diffusion coefficient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Components in a selected volume in the emulsions could be analyzed using MRS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Then , model emulsions having different hydrophilic - lipophilic balance ( HLB ) values were tested , and the optimal HLB value for a stable dispersion was determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the MRI examination enables the detection of creaming occurring in a polyethylene tube , which is commonly used for commercial products , without losing any image quality .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings strongly indicate that MR techniques are powerful tools to evaluate the physicochemical stability of emulsion - based formulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study will make a great contribution to the development and quality control of emulsion - based formulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectroscopic Study of the Light - Harvesting CP29 Antenna Complex of Photosystem II - Part I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent structural data revealed that the CP29 protein of higher plant Photosystem II ( PSII ) contains 13 chlorophylls ( Chls ) per complex [ Pan et al . , Nat . Struct . Mol . Biol . 2011 , 18 , 309 ] , i . e . , five Chls more than in the predicted CP29 homology - based structure model [ Bassi et al . , Proc . Natl . Acad . Sci . USA 1999 , 96 , 10056 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorophylls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "Chls", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This lack of consensus presents a constraint on the interpretation of CP29 optical spectra and their underlying electronic structure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To address this problem , we present new low - temperature ( 5 K ) absorption , fluorescence , and hole - burned ( HB ) spectra for CP29 proteins from spinach , which are compared with the previously reported data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We focus on excitation energy transfer ( EET ) and the nature of the lowest - energy state ( s ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We argue that CP29 proteins previously studied by HB spectroscopy lacked at least one Chl a molecule ( i . e . , a615 or a611 ) , which along with Chl a612 contribute to the lowest energy state in more intact CP29 , and one Chl b ( most likely b607 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chl a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 91]}, {"entity": "Chl b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is why the low - energy state and fluorescence maxima reported by Pieper et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ Photochem . Photobiol . 2000 , 71 , 574 ] were blueshifted by ~ 1 nm , the low - energy state appeared to be highly localized on a single Chl a molecule , and the position of the low - energy state was independent of burning fluence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chl a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , the position of the nonresonant HB spectrum shifts blue with increasing fluence in intact CP29 , as this state is strongly contributed to by several pigments ( i . e . , a611 , a612 , a615 and a610 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zero - phonon hole widths obtained for the Chl b band at 638 . 5 nm ( 5 K ) revealed two independent Chl b --> Chl a EET times , i . e . , 4 +/- 0 . 5 ps and 0 . 4 +/- 0 . 1 ps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chl b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "Chl b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 106]}, {"entity": "Chl a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The latter value is a factor of two faster than previously observed by HB spectroscopy and very similar to the one observed by Gradinaru et al .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "[ J . Phys . Chem . B 2000 , 104 , 9330 ] in pump - probe experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EET time from 650 nm Chl b --> Chl a and downward EET from Chl ( s ) a state ( s ) at 665 nm occurs in 4 . 9 +/- 0 . 7 ps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chl b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "Chl a", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings provide important constraints for excitonic calculations that are discussed in the accompanying paper ( Part II ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group B Streptococcus pilus sortase regulation : a single mutation in the lid region induces pilin protein polymerization in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gram - positive bacteria build pili on their cell surface via a class C sortase - catalyzed transpeptidation mechanism from pilin protein substrates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the availability of several crystal structures , pilus - related C sortases remain poorly characterized to date , and their mechanisms of transpeptidation and regulation need to be further investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The available 3 - dimensional structures of these enzymes reveal a typical sortase fold , except for the presence of a unique feature represented by an N - terminal highly flexible loop known as the \" lid . \" This region interacts with the residues composing the catalytic triad and covers the active site , thus maintaining the enzyme in an autoinhibited state and preventing the accessibility to the substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is believed that enzyme activation may occur only after lid displacement from the catalytic domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work , we provide the first direct evidence of the regulatory role of the lid , demonstrating that it is possible to obtain in vitro an efficient polymerization of pilin subunits using an active C sortase lid mutant carrying a single residue mutation in the lid region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , biochemical analyses of this recombinant mutant reveal that the lid confers thermodynamic and proteolytic stability to the enzyme . - Cozzi , R . , Zerbini , F . , Assfalg , M . , D ' Onofrio , M . , Biagini , M . , Martinelli , M . , Nuccitelli , A . , Norais , N . , Telford , J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L . , Maione , D . , Rinaudo , C .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - allergic actions of rottlerin from Mallotus philippinensis in experimental mast cell - mediated anaphylactic models .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allergy is an acquired hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system mediated by cross - linking of the allergen - specific IgE - bound high - affinity IgE receptors , leading to immediate mast cell degranulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rottlerin is an active molecule isolated from Mallotus philippinensis , a medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic Medicine System for anti - allergic and anti - helminthic treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study investigated potential anti - allergic effects of rottlerin in animal models of IgE - dependent anaphylaxis and the anti - allergic mechanisms of action of rottlerin in mast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - allergic actions of rottlerin were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and passive systemic anaphylaxis mouse models , and in anaphylactic contraction of bronchial rings isolated from sensitized guinea pigs .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct mast cell - stabilizing effect of rottlerin was examined in RBL - 2H3 mast cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - allergic signaling mechanisms of action of rottlerin in mast cells were also examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rottlerin prevented IgE - mediated cutaneous vascular extravasation , hypothermia , elevation in plasma histamine level and tracheal tissue mast cell degranulation in mice in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , rottlerin suppressed ovalbumin - induced guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle contraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , rottlerin concentration - dependently blocked IgE - mediated immediate release of beta - hexosaminidase from RBL - 2H3 mast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rottlerin was found to inhibit IgE - induced PLC gamma 1 and Akt phosphorylation , production of IP3 and rise in cytosolic Ca ( 2 + ) level in mast cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here for the first time that rottlerin possesses anti - allergic activity by blocking IgE - induced mast cell degranulation , providing a foundation for developing rottlerin for the treatment of allergic asthma and other mast cell - mediated allergic disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "rottlerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clock Gene Expression in the Liver of Streptozotocin - induced and Spontaneous Type 1 Diabetic Rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several investigations have shown a relation between diabetes and alterations of the liver circadian clock .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the diurnal expression of clock genes and clock - controlled genes ( CCGs ) in 3 - hour intervals for a 24 - h period in the livers of male streptozotocin ( STZ ) - treated rats , male spontaneous type 1 diabetic LEW . 1AR1 - iddm ( Iddm ) rats , and Iddm rats treated for 10 days with insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 170]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic mRNA was extracted , and the relative expression of clock genes ( Per1 , Per2 , Bmal1 , Clock , Cry1 ) , as well as CCGs ( Dbp , E4bp4 , RevErb alpha , Ror alpha , Ppar gamma ) , was analyzed by reverse transcription followed by real - time polymerase chain reaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diabetic STZ and Iddm rats , as well as insulin - substituted Iddm rats , exhibited a significant diurnal expression pattern of clock genes as determined by Cosinor analysis ; however , the MESOR ( midline estimating statistic of rhythm ) of Bmal1 , Per2 , and Clock transcript expression was altered in Iddm and insulin - substituted Iddm rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatic expression of the CCGs Dbp and RevErb alpha revealed a diurnal rhythm in all investigated groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insulin administration to Iddm rats normalized the enhanced MESOR in the expression of Dbp , RevErb alpha , and E4bp4 to the levels of normoglycemic controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cosinor analysis indicated no diurnal rhythm of Ppar gamma expression in the livers of diabetic STZ or Iddm rats or in those of insulin - substituted Iddm rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , insulin substitution could not reverse the decreased MESOR of Ppar gamma expression in Iddm rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In consequence of the diabetic disease , changes in the expression of clock genes and CCGs suggest alterations in the hepatic peripheral clock mechanism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the Himbert Intramolecular Arene / Allene Diels - Alder Cycloaddition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Allene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanistic Studies and Expansion of Scope to All - Carbon Tethers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The unusual intramolecular arene / allene cycloaddition described 30 years ago by Himbert permits rapid access to strained polycyclic compounds that offer great potential for the synthesis of complex scaffolds .", "entity": [{"entity": "arene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "allene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To more fully understand the mechanism of this cycloaddition reaction , and to guide efforts to extend its scope to new substrates , quantum mechanical computational methods were employed in concert with laboratory experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies indicated that the cycloadditions likely proceed via concerted processes ; a stepwise biradical mechanism was shown to be higher in energy in the cases studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The original Himbert cycloaddition chemistry is also extended from heterocyclic to carbocyclic systems , with computational guidance used to predict thermodynamically favorable cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complex polycyclic scaffolds result from the combination of the cycloaddition and subsequent ring - rearrangement metathesis reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible Sliding in Networks of Nanowires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This work demonstrates that metal nanowires in a percolating network can reversibly slide across one another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible sliding allows networks of metal nanowires to maintain electrical contact while being stretched to strains greater than the fracture strain for individual nanowires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This phenomenon was demonstrated by using networks of nanowires as compliant electrodes for a dielectric elastomer actuator .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible nanowire sliding enabled actuation to a maximum area strain of 200 % , and repetitive cycling of the actuator to an area strain of 25 % over 150 times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During actuation , the transmittance of the network increased 4 . 5 times , from 13 % to 58 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to carbon - based compliant electrodes , networks of metal nanowires can actuate across a broader range of optical transmittance .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The widely tunable transmittance of nanowire - based actuators allows for their use as a light valve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piezotronic Effect in Solution - Grown p - Type ZnO Nanowires and Films .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigating the piezotronic effect in p - type piezoelectric semiconductor is critical for developing a complete piezotronic theory and designing / fabricating novel piezotronic applications with more complex functionality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a low temperature solution method , we were able to produce ultralong ( up to 60 mu m in length ) Sb doped p - type ZnO nanowires on both rigid and flexible substrates .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the p - type nanowire field effect transistor , the on / off ratio , threshold voltage , mobility , and carrier concentration of 0 . 2 % Sb - doped sample are found to be 10 ( 5 ) , 2 . 1 V , 0 . 82 cm ( 2 ) . V ( - 1 ) . s ( - 1 ) , and 2 . 6 x 10 ( 17 ) cm ( - 3 ) , respectively , and the corresponding values for 1 % Sb doped samples are 10 ( 4 ) , 2 . 0 V , 1 . 24 cm ( 2 ) . V ( - 1 ) . s ( - 1 ) , and 3 . 8 x 10 ( 17 ) cm ( - 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 143]}, {"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [325, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We further investigated the universality of piezotronic effect in the as - synthesized Sb - doped p - type ZnO NWs and reported for the first time strain - gated piezotronic transistors as well as piezopotential - driven mechanical energy harvesting based on solution - grown p - type ZnO NWs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results presented here broaden the scope of piezotronics and extend the framework for its potential applications in electronics , optoelectronics , smart MEMS / NEMS , and human - machine interfacing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topographically - patterned porous membranes in a microfluidic device as an in vitro model of renal reabsorptive barriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Models of reabsorptive barriers require both a means to provide realistic physiologic cues to and quantify transport across a layer of cells forming the barrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we have topographically - patterned porous membranes with several user - defined pattern types .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To demonstrate the utility of the patterned membranes , we selected one type of pattern and applied it to a membrane to serve as a cell culture support in a microfluidic model of a renal reabsorptive barrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The topographic cues in the model resemble physiological cues found in vivo while the porous structure allows quantification of transport across the cell layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sub - micron surface topography generated via hot - embossing onto a track - etched polycarbonate membrane , fully replicated topographical features and preserved porous architecture .", "entity": [{"entity": "polycarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pore size and shape were analyzed with SEM and image analysis to determine the effect of hot embossing on pore morphology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The membrane was assembled into a bilayer microfluidic device and a human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line ( HK - 2 ) and primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells ( RPTEC ) were cultured to confluency on the membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescent staining of both cell types revealed protein expression indicative of the formation of a reabsorptive barrier responsive to mechanical stimulation : ZO - 1 ( tight junction ) , paxillin ( focal adhesions ) and acetylated alpha - tubulin ( primary cilia ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HK - 2 and RPTEC aligned in the direction of ridge / groove topography of the membrane in the device , evidence that the device has mechanical control over cell response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This topographically - patterned porous membrane provides an in vitro platform on which to model reabsorptive barriers with meaningful applications for understanding biological transport phenomenon , underlying disease mechanisms , and drug toxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapeseed oil - rich diet alters hepatic mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and disrupts bioenergetics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diet is directly related with physiological alterations occurring at a cell and subcellular level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the role of diet manipulation on mitochondrial physiology is still largely unexplored .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aiming at correlating diet with alterations of mitochondrial membrane composition and bioenergetics , Wistar - Han male rats were fed for 11 , 22 and 33 days with a rapeseed oil - based diet and mitochondrial bioenergetics , and membrane composition were compared at each time point with a standard diet group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Considerable differences were noticed in mitochondrial membrane lipid composition , namely in terms of fatty acyl chains and relative proportions of phospholipid classes , the modified diet inducing a decrease in the saturated to unsaturated molar ratio and an increase in the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine molar ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 296]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylethanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mass spectrometry lipid analysis showed significant differences in the major species of cardiolipin , with an apparent increased incorporation of oleic acid as a result of exposure to the modified diet .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiolipin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats fed the modified diet during 22 days showed decreased hepatic mitochondrial state 3 respiration and were more susceptible to Ca ( 2 + ) - induced transition pore opening .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca ( 2 + )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rapeseed oil - enriched diet also appeared to promote a decrease in hydroperoxide production by the respiratory chain , although a simultaneous decrease in vitamin E content was detected .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroperoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data indicate that the rapeseed oil diet causes negative alterations on hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics , which may result from membrane remodeling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such alterations may have an impact not only on energy supply to the cell , but also on drug - induced hepatic mitochondrial liabilities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Individual multi - locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STRESS IS IMPLICATED AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NUMEROUS ILLNESSES IN HUMANS , PUTATIVELY IN PART MEDIATED BY BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO STRESS , SUCH AS ELEVATED CORTISOL .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORTISOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "THE THEORY OF GENETIC HOMEOSTASIS SUGGESTS THAT INDIVIDUAL HETEROZYGOSITY FACILITATES COMPENSATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HETEROZYGOSITY AMELIORATES THE BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO A GIVEN LEVEL OF PERCEIVED STRESS , REFLECTED IN LOWER PLASMA CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS . DESIGN .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORTISOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WE EXAMINE THE ROLE OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERCEIVED PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND MORNING CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS IN 854 INDIVIDUALS FROM THE ISOLATED ISLAND OF VIS , CROATIA . METHODS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORTISOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CORTISOL WAS MEASURED IN MORNING PLASMA SAMPLES .", "entity": [{"entity": "CORTISOL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1184 AUTOSOMAL MICROSATELLITE MARKERS WERE GENOTYPED AND INDIVIDUAL MULTI - LOCUS HETEROZYGOSITY WAS CALCULATED AS THE PROPORTION OF HETEROZYGOUS MARKERS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE ( GHQ - 30 ) WAS USED TO ASSESS THE DEGREE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS . RESULTS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEAN MULTI - LOCUS HETEROZYGOSITY WAS 34 . 850 . 45 % ( RANGE : 31 . 97 - 36 . 22 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Psychological distress ( GHQ Likert score > 31 ) was more prevalent in women ( 37 % versus 18 % in men , p < 0 . 0001 ) , in less educated people ( beta = - 0 . 35 per year in school , p < 0 . 001 ) and in lower socio - economic classes ( beta = - 3 . 59 , p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortisol was positively associated with psychological distress ( beta = 2 . 20 , p = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a regression model adjusting for age , BMI , education and GHQ - 30 score , multi - locus heterozygosity was independently and inversely associated with morning plasma cortisol ( p = 0 . 005 ) . Conclusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More heterozygous individuals , as measured by microsatellite markers , had lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations for a given level of perceived psychological stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be important , as higher cortisol concentrations may increase allostatic load and be associated with higher risk of stress - related illness .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficient Light Harvesting with Micropatterned 3D Pyramidal Photoanodes in Dye - Sensitized Solar Cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3D TiO2 photoanodes in dye - sensitized solar cells ( DSCs ) are fabricated by the soft lithographic technique for efficient light trapping .", "entity": [{"entity": "TiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An extended strategy to the construction of randomized pyramid structure is developed by the conventional wet - etching of a silicon wafer for low - cost fabrication .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the futher enhancement of light absorption resulting in photocurrent increase is achieved by combining the 3D photoanode with a conventional scattering layer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buckling - Induced Reversible Symmetry Breaking and Amplification of Chirality Using Supported Cellular Structures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Buckling - induced reversible symmetry breaking and amplification of chirality using macro - and microscale supported cellular structures is described .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Guided by extensive theoretical analysis , cellular structures are rationally designed , in which buckling induces a reversible switching between achiral and chiral configurations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , it is demonstrated that the proposed mechanism can be generalized over a wide range of length scales , geometries , materials , and stimuli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upgraded Silicon Nanowires by Metal - Assisted Etching of Metallurgical Silicon : A New Route to Nanostructured Solar - Grade Silicon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "Silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "Silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through metal assisted chemical etching ( MaCE ) , superior purification of dirty Si was observed , from 99 . 74 to 99 . 9884 % for metallurgical Si and from 99 . 999772 to 99 . 999899 % for upgraded metallurgical Si .", "entity": [{"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 84]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 148]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meanwhile , large area of silicon nanowires ( SiNW ) was fabricated .", "entity": [{"entity": "silicon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purification effect induced ~ 35 % increase in photocurrent for SiNW based photoelectrochemical cell .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - Performance Vertical Organic Transistors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vertical organic thin - film transistors ( VOTFTs ) are promising devices to overcome the transconductance and cut - off frequency restrictions of horizontal organic thin - film transistors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basic physical mechanisms of VOTFT operation , however , are not well understood and VOTFTs often require complex patterning techniques using self - assembly processes which impedes a future large - area production .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this contribution , high - performance vertical organic transistors comprising pentacene for p - type operation and C60 for n - type operation are presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentacene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "C60", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The static current - voltage behavior as well as the fundamental scaling laws of such transistors are studied , disclosing a remarkable transistor operation with a behavior limited by injection of charge carriers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The transistors are manufactured by photolithography , in contrast to other VOTFT concepts using self - assembled source electrodes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorinated photoresist and solvent compounds allow for photolithographical patterning directly and strongly onto the organic materials , simplifying the fabrication protocol and making VOTFTs a prospective candidate for future high - performance applications of organic transistors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective Role of ( RS ) - glucoraphanin Bioactivated with Myrosinase in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "( RS ) - glucoraphanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : The discovery of new natural compounds with pharmacological properties is a field of interest widely growing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent literature shows that Brassica vegetables ( Cruciferae ) possess therapeutic effects particularly ascribed due to their content in glucosinolates , which upon myrosinase hydrolysis release the corresponding isothiocyanates .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucosinolates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "isothiocyanates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examines the potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of ( RS ) - glucoraphanin from Tuscan black kale ( Brassica oleracea L . var . acephala sabellica ) bioactivated with myrosinase ( bioactive RS - GRA ) ( 10 mg / kg / day intraperitoneally ) , in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) , a model of multiple sclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "( RS ) - glucoraphanin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 104]}, {"entity": "RS - GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide ( MOG35 - 55 ) in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After immunization , mice were observed daily for signs of EAE and weight loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical score was evaluated using a standardized scoring system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : By Western blot analysis of spinal cord tissues , we have demonstrated that treatment with bioactive RS - GRA significantly decreased nuclear factor ( NF ) - kB translocation , pro - inflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin - 1 beta ( IL - 1 beta ) , and apoptosis ( Bax and caspase 3 expression ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RS - GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our results clearly demonstrate that bioactive RS - GRA treatment may represent a useful therapeutic perspective in the treatment of this disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "RS - GRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - HIV and NO production inhibition activities of epi - aleuritolic acid derivatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "epi - aleuritolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen epi - aleuritolic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti - HIV activity in 293 T cells and NO production inhibition activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "epi - aleuritolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the derivatives , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 11 , and 13 showed relatively potent anti - HIV activity with EC50 values ranging from 5 . 80 to 13 . 30 mu M .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most potent compound , 3 alpha - 2 ' , 2 ' - dimethylsuccinic acyl epi - aleuritolic acid ( 11 ) , displayed significant anti - HIV activity with an EC50 value of 5 . 80 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 alpha - 2 ' , 2 ' - dimethylsuccinic acyl epi - aleuritolic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 1 , 3 , 4 , and 11 showed NO inhibition activity , with IC50 values ranging from 3 . 40 to 7 . 10 mu M and compound 1 inhibited NO production with an IC50 value of 3 . 40 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phytochemical investigation on Atriplex halimus L . from Sardinia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we reported the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of Atriplex halimus L . collected from Sardinia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This species is a halophytic shrub , typical of the Mediterranean Basin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four new glycosylated flavonoids were isolated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D , 2D NMR and MS spectra as 3 ' , 5 ' - dimethoxymyricetin - 3 - O - beta - d - xylopyranosyl - 7 - O - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 1 ) , 3 ' - methoxyquercetin - 7 - O - beta - d - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - beta - xylopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 4 ) - beta - xylopyranoside ( 2 ) , 3 ' - methoxyquercetin - 7 - O - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - 3 - O - alpha - arabinofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 3 ) and 3 ' , 5 ' - dimethoxymyricetin - 7 - O - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside ( 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycosylated flavonoids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 32]}, {"entity": "3 ' , 5 ' - dimethoxymyricetin - 3 - O - beta - d - xylopyranosyl - 7 - O - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 262]}, {"entity": "3 ' - methoxyquercetin - 7 - O - beta - d - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranosyl - 3 - O - beta - xylopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 4 ) - beta - xylopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 439]}, {"entity": "3 ' - methoxyquercetin - 7 - O - alpha - l - rhamnopyranosyl - 3 - O - alpha - arabinofuranosyl - ( 1 --> 6 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [448, 586]}, {"entity": "3 ' , 5 ' - dimethoxymyricetin - 7 - O - fucopyranosyl - ( 1 --> 3 ) - beta - d - glucopyranoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [597, 694]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LC - MS ( n ) analysis on the extract revealed the presence of other myricetin , quercetin , isorhamnetin glycosides , simple phenolic acids and esters .", "entity": [{"entity": "myricetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "isorhamnetin glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 116]}, {"entity": "phenolic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "esters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indanomycin - related antibiotics from marine Streptomyces antibioticus PTZ0016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indanomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four indanomycin - related antibiotics 2 - 5 were isolated from the cultured broth of marine Streptomyces antibioticus strain PTZ0016 .", "entity": [{"entity": "indanomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their structures were characterised as 16 - deethylindanomycin ( 2 ) , iso - 16 - deethylindanomycin ( 3 ) , 16 - deethylindanomycin methyl ester ( 4 ) and iso - 16 - deethylindanomycin methyl ester ( 5 ) on the basis of NMR , HR - ESI - MS and CD evidences .", "entity": [{"entity": "16 - deethylindanomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "iso - 16 - deethylindanomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 100]}, {"entity": "16 - deethylindanomycin methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 145]}, {"entity": "iso - 16 - deethylindanomycin methyl ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compounds 3 - 5 are new additions to the class of indanomycin antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "indanomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All isolated compounds showed in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimal inhibitory concentration at 4 . 0 - 8 . 0 mu g / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amelioration of palmitate - induced insulin resistance in C2C12 muscle cells by rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased levels of free fatty acids ( FFAs ) , specifically saturated free fatty acids such as palmitate are associated with insulin resistance of muscle , fat and liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "FFAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "saturated free fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 87]}, {"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeletal muscle , responsible for up to 80 % of the glucose disposal from the peripheral circulation , is particularly vulnerable to increased levels of saturated FFAs .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "FFAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ) and its unique dihydrochalcone C - glucoside , aspalathin , shown to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rats , could play a role in preventing or ameliorating the development of insulin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydrochalcone C - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "aspalathin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aims to establish whether rooibos can ameliorate experimentally - induced insulin - resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Palmitate - induced insulin resistant C2C12 cells were treated with an aspalathin - enriched green ( unfermented ) rooibos extract ( GRE ) , previously shown for its blood glucose lowering effect in vitro and in vivo or an aqueous extract of fermented rooibos ( FRE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "aspalathin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose uptake and mitochondrial activity were measured using 2 - deoxy - [ ( 3 ) H ] - d - glucose , MTT and ATP assays , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "2 - deoxy - [ ( 3 ) H ] - d - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 99]}, {"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of proteins relevant to glucose metabolism was analysed by Western blot .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GRE contained higher levels of all compounds , except the enolic phenylpyruvic acid - 2 - O - glucoside and luteolin - 7 - O - glucoside .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylpyruvic acid - 2 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 103]}, {"entity": "luteolin - 7 - O - glucoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both rooibos extracts increased glucose uptake , mitochondrial activity and ATP production .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to FRE , GRE was more effective at increasing glucose uptake and ATP production .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a mechanistic level both extracts down - regulated PKC theta activation , which is associated with palmitate - induced insulin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the extracts increased activation of key regulatory proteins ( AKT and AMPK ) involved in insulin - dependent and non - insulin regulated signalling pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein levels of the glucose transporter ( GLUT4 ) involved in glucose transport via these two pathways were also increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This in vitro study therefore confirms that rooibos can ameliorate palmitate - induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "palmitate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of PKC theta activation and increased activation of AMPK and AKT offer a plausible mechanistic explanation for this ameliorative effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mikania laevigata : Chemical characterization and selective cytotoxic activity of extracts on tumor cell lines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer is the second major cause of mortality worldwide , losing only to cardiovascular disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nowadays , around 50 % of antineoplastic drugs were discovered and isolated by indications of plants in folk medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Brazilian flora there are many species of plants which have great therapeutic importance , highlighting the Mikania laevigata ( Asteraceae ) that has been used for their valuable properties , especially in the respiratory tract .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the compounds of M . laevigata extracts were characterized by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ( HRMS ) and Gas Chromatography with Mass analysis ( GC / MS - EI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the presence of some compounds with promising biological properties as antitumor activity was detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coumarin ( 1 , 2 - benzopyrone ) was previously reported as responsible for some biological activities of this plant species .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "1 , 2 - benzopyrone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the extracts were evaluated by their cytotoxic activity against tumor ( Hep - 2 , HeLa ) and non tumor ( MRC - 5 ) cell lines , presenting significant inhibitory activity of cell growth in all extracts analyzed , chloroform , ethyl acetate , hexane , ethanol , which is related to its chemical composition .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 246]}, {"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 255]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the four different extracts here tested , two of them , hexane and ethanol , presented a clear selectivity against both tumor cells lines investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This can be explained by variances and increase of phenolic compounds in the ethanol fraction and an association of molecules with coumarin found in the hexane fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "coumarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "hexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rokumi - jio - gan - containing prescriptions regulate oxidative stress through improving dyslipidemia in a subtotal nephrectomized rat model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Rokumi - jio - gan - containing prescriptions , traditional medicine , are widely used to treat renal dysfunction in Japan .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : The present study was conducted to examine whether two Rokumi - jio - gan - containing prescriptions ( Hachimi - jio - gan and Bakumi - jio - gan ) have an ameliorative effect on dyslipidemia in nephrectomized rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Each prescription was orally administered to nephrectomized rats at 150mg / kg body weight per day for 10 weeks , and its effect was compared with vehicle - treated nephrectomized rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Rats given Hachimi - jio - gan and Bakumi - jio - gan showed an improvement of renal functional parameters such as serum urea nitrogen , creatinine , creatinine clearance , and urinary protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased triglyceride , total cholesterol , non - esterified fatty acid , high - density lipoprotein cholesterol , and very low - density lipoprotein cholesterol / low - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum , and triglyceride and total cholesterol contents in the kidney of nephrectomized rats were significantly decreased by Hachimi - jio - gan and Bakumi - jio - gan administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 241]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Hachimi - jio - gan acts as a regulator of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor alpha , sterol regulatory element binding protein ( SREBP ) - 1 , and SREBP - 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , the increased reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid - reactive substance were decreased , while superoxide dismutase and the reduced glutathione / oxidized glutathione ratio were augmented by Hachimi - jio - gan rather than Bakumi - jio - gan .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "thiobarbituric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 172]}, {"entity": "oxidized glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improvement of nuclear factor - kappa Bp65 , cyclooxygenase - 2 , inducible nitric oxide synthase , NF - E2 - related factor 2 , and heme oxygenase - 1 was marked in the group administered Bakumi - jio - gan .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "heme", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , oil red O staining showed that the increased lipid deposition in the kidney of nephrectomized rats improved on Hachimi - jio - gan and Bakumi - jio - gan administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "oil red O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This study provides scientific evidence that two Rokumi - jio - gan - containing prescriptions ( Hachimi - jio - gan and Bakumi - jio - gan ) improves oxidative stress via dyslipidemia in the remnant kidney of nephrectomized rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyperi Rhizoma inhibits the 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine - induced reduction in nigrostriatal dopaminergenic neurons in estrogen - deprived mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 88]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Cyperi Rhizoma has commonly been used for the treatment of gynecological and neuropsychiatric disorders in traditional medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the estrogenic properties and neuroprotective effects of Cyperi Rhizoma under estrogen - deprived condition in female mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : To determine the estrogen - like effect of Cyperi Rhizoma extract ( CRE ) , we measured luciferase expression after transfection of a promoter construct containing an estrogen response element ( ERE ) and treatment of CRE .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of CRE , we measured striatal dopamine , movement ability , tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) immunoreactivity , and apoptosis - related protein expression levels after treatment of CRE either with or without 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP ) in ovariectomized female mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 302]}, {"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : CRE significantly induced the luciferase expression driven by an ERE in PC12 cells , a dopaminergic cell line , in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In mice , MPTP significantly decreased the levels of dopamine in the striatum and behavior performance ; in contrast , both CRE and 17 beta - estradiol benzoate ( EB ) recovered these parameters to normal levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "17 beta - estradiol benzoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CRE and EB treatment also recovered TH immunopositive fibers and cells , respectively , from MPTP toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , MPTP significantly down - regulated Bcl - 2 expression in the mitochondria of dopaminergic cells in the SN , followed by an increase in Bax expression , cytochrome C translocation to the cytosol , andcleaved - caspase - 3 expression , whereas these were inhibited by CRE or EB treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings provide the first evidence that CRE has estrogen - like and neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in estrogen - deprived mice treated with MPTP - toxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antecedents and consequences of drug abuse in rats selectively bred for high and low response to novelty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human genetic and epidemiological studies provide evidence that only a subset of individuals who experiment with potentially addictive drugs become addicts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "What renders some individuals susceptible to addiction remains to be determined , but most would agree that there is no single trait underlying the disorder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is evidence in humans that addiction liability has a genetic component , and that certain personality characteristics related to temperament ( e . g . the sensation - seeking trait ) are associated with individual differences in addiction liability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , we have used a selective breeding strategy based on locomotor response to a novel environment to generate two lines of rats with distinct behavioral characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found that the resulting phenotypes differ on a number of neurobehavioral dimensions relevant to addiction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative to bred low - responder ( bLR ) rats , bred high - responder ( bHR ) rats exhibit increased exploratory behavior , are more impulsive , more aggressive , seek stimuli associated with rewards , and show a greater tendency to relapse .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore utilize this unique animal model to parse the genetic , neural and environmental factors that contribute to addiction liability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our work shows that the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , dopaminergic molecules , and members of the fibroblast growth factor family are among the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that play a role in both the initial susceptibility to addiction as well as the altered neural responses that follow chronic drug exposure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , our findings suggest that the hippocampus plays a major role in mediating vulnerability to addiction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is hoped that this work will emphasize the importance of personalized treatment strategies and identify novel therapeutic targets for humans suffering from addictive disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fusidic acid and rifampicin co - loaded PLGA nanofibers for the prevention of orthopedic implant associated infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fusidic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Implant - associated infections following invasive orthopedic surgery are a major clinical problem , and are one of the primary causes of joint failure following total joint arthroplasty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current strategies using perioperative antibiotics have been met with little clinical success and have resulted in various systemic toxicities and the promotion of antibiotic resistant microorganisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the development of a biodegradable localized delivery system using poly ( D , L - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid ) ( PLGA ) for the combinatorial release of fusidic acid ( FA ) ( or its sodium salt ; SF ) and rifampicin ( RIF ) using electrospinning .", "entity": [{"entity": "poly ( D , L - lactic acid - co - glycolic acid )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 131]}, {"entity": "PLGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 138]}, {"entity": "fusidic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 186]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 209]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 236]}, {"entity": "RIF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug - loaded formulations showed good antibiotic encapsulation ( ~ 75 % - 100 % ) , and a biphasic drug release profile .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All dual - loaded formulations showed direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against Staphylococcus epidermidis , and two strains of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , lead formulations containing 10 % ( w / w ) FA / SF and 5 % ( w / w ) RIF were able to prevent the adherence of MRSA to a titanium implant in an in vivo rodent model of subcutaneous implant - associated infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "RIF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "titanium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immune circuits in asthma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the conducting airways that has traditionally been classified according to severity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While this has been helpful in guiding treatment with drugs that are currently available such as beta 2 - adrenoceptor agonists and corticosteroids , it takes little account of disease heterogeneity and causal pathways .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review draws attention to subphenotypes of asthma involving different mechanisms and moves the focus away from the adaptive immune response more towards innate immune mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mandates a new view of the disease in which causal pathways linked to biomarkers are found and treatments targeted to these pathways as described in a more personalised approach to medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis , spectral and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel 1 - methyl - 3 - alkyl - 2 , 6 - diphenylpiperidin - 4 - one oxime carbonates .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - methyl - 3 - alkyl - 2 , 6 - diphenylpiperidin - 4 - one oxime carbonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of some novel biologically active piperidin - 4 - one oxime carbonates from 1 - methyl - 3alkyl - 2 , 6 - diphenylpiperidin - 4 - one oximes and substituted chloroformates was carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate as base and tetrabutylammonium bromide ( TBAB ) as catalyst .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperidin - 4 - one oxime carbonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 80]}, {"entity": "1 - methyl - 3alkyl - 2 , 6 - diphenylpiperidin - 4 - one oximes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 150]}, {"entity": "chloroformates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 181]}, {"entity": "potassium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 236]}, {"entity": "tetrabutylammonium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 275]}, {"entity": "TBAB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR , ( 1 ) H , ( 13 ) C NMR and LC - mass spectra .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "( 13 ) C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the ( 1 ) H NMR analysis , all the compounds were found to adopt normal chair conformation with equatorial orientation of all the substituents .", "entity": [{"entity": "( 1 ) H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For all the synthesized compounds ( 5a - 5l ) antimicrobial activity has been tested against bacterial and fungal strains using Streptomycin and Amphotericin B as standards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Streptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of proline analogues as potent and selective cathepsin S inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cathepsin S is a potential target of autoimmune disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of proline derived compounds were synthesized and evaluated as cathepsin S inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discovered potent cathepsin S inhibitors through structure - activity relationship studies of proline analogues .", "entity": [{"entity": "proline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , compound 19 - ( S ) showed promising in vitro / vivo pharmacological activities and properties as a selective cathepsin S inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The preventive effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin against free fatty acid - induced endothelial apoptosis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase / Akt signaling pathway : Uncarboxylated osteocalcin and endothelial apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Increasing evidence suggests that osteocalcin ( OC ) , one of the osteoblast - specific proteins , has been associated with atherosclerosis , but results are conflicting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to elucidate the independent effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin ( ucOC ) , an active form of osteocalcin which has been suggested to have an insulin sensitizing effect , on vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We used human aortic endothelial cells and treated them with ucOC .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linoleic acid ( LA ) was used as a representative free fatty acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linoleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "free fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis was evaluated using various methods including a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase - mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick - end labeling analysis kit and Western blotting for cleaved caspase 3 , cleaved poly ( ADP - ribose ) polymerase and Bcl - xL .", "entity": [{"entity": "deoxyribonucleotide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "deoxyuridine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 135]}, {"entity": "poly ( ADP - ribose )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phosphorylations of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) as well as the level of NO were measured to confirm the effect of ucOC on insulin signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Pretreatment of ucOC ( 30ng / ml ) prevented LA - induced apoptosis in insulin - stimulated endothelial cells ; effects were abolished by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase ( PI3 - kinase ) inhibitor , wortmannin .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 190]}, {"entity": "wortmannin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of ucOC ( ranged from 0 . 3 to 30ng / ml ) significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and nitric oxide secretion from endothelial cells in a PI3 - kinase dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our study is the first to demonstrate the independent effect of ucOC on vascular endothelial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results further suggest that ucOC could have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis of hepatotoxicity induced by triptolide in Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "triptolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triptolide ( TP ) , a major component of TWHF , is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , nephritis and leprosy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Triptolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , its clinical use is limited by hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further elucidate the underlying mechanism of its hepatotoxic effects , hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TP ( 1000 and 300 mu g / kg ) was orally administered to Wistar rats for 14days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current study indicated that female rats were more sensitive to TP - induced hepatotoxicity than males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genome - wide microarray analyses identified 3329 differentially expressed genes in liver of female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses of these genes identified over - represented functions associated with insulin signaling pathway , glucose metabolism , cell cycle , oxidative stress and apoptosis , which were consistent with the results of significant increase of Caspase - 3 activity and reduction of serum glucose , GSH / GSSG ratio , glucose - 6 - phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities , liver glycogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 292]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 298]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 305]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 321]}, {"entity": "phosphoenolpyruvate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [344, 363]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , it was observed for the first time that glucocorticoids and IGF1 might get involved in TP - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that TP treatment could alter the hepatic redox status , reduce serum glucose and induce hepatocyte apoptosis , consistent with the differential expression of genes involved in insulin signaling pathway , glucose metabolism pathway and cell stress pathway , all of which might contribute to the overall TP - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCDD induces the expression of insulin - like growth factor binding protein 4 in 5L rat hepatoma cells : a cautionary tale of the use of this cell line in studies on dioxin toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous quantitative proteomic studies on the actions of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin ( TCDD ) in 5L rat hepatoma cells , a cell model frequently used for investigating the mechanisms of TCDD toxicity , had indicated that dioxin exposure reduced the abundance of numerous proteins which are regulated at the level of protein synthesis initiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 105]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 211]}, {"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we have analysed the mechanism mediating this inhibition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TCDD treatment of the cells largely prevented the activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein 1 , a regulator of translation initiation and substrate of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By \" working upwards \" from mTOR , we observed that TCDD inhibited endogenous and IGF - I - induced AKT and ERK activation by interfering with tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This inhibition was mediated by a TCDD - induced secreted factor which was identified as insulin - like growth factor binding protein 4 ( IGFBP - 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induction of IGFBP - 4 protein was dependent on a functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor and was preceded by a rapid increase in the level of IGFBP - 4 mRNA indicating that IGFBP - 4 is a previously unknown transcriptional target of TCDD in 5L cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "aryl hydrocarbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IGFBP - 4 was not induced by TCDD in the parental cell line of 5L cells , Fao , and in various closely related rat hepatoma cell lines as well as in other unrelated cell types .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of 5L cell chromosomes by multicolour spectral karyotyping ( SKY ) revealed that the cells carry several hitherto uncharacterised chromosomal translocations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observations suggest that in 5L cells the Igfbp - 4 gene may have got under the control of a promoter containing dioxin responsive element ( s ) leading to the induction of IGFBP - 4 by TCDD .", "entity": [{"entity": "dioxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}, {"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings emphasise a particular caution when interpreting and extrapolating results on the action mechanisms of TCDD obtained in studies using 5L cells as a model system .", "entity": [{"entity": "TCDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pyrazole derivatives as inhibitors of arachidonic acid - induced platelet aggregation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiplatelet drugs are promising therapeutics to intervene with platelet aggregation in arterial thrombosis , most prominently in myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the synthesis and structure - activity relationships of potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation based on the 1 , 5 - diarylpyrazol - 3 - carboxamide scaffold .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 5 - diarylpyrazol - 3 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analogs from this series demonstrated potent anti - aggregatory activities against arachidonic acid - induced platelet aggregation , as measured by turbidimetric method of Born .", "entity": [{"entity": "arachidonic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 5 - Diarylpyrazole - 3 - carboxamides obtained with small - basic amines ( 7 , 8 , 50 , 51 , 61 , 62 ) displayed the strongest activity with IC50 values in low nanomolar range ( 5 . 7 - 83 nM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 5 - Diarylpyrazole - 3 - carboxamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 41]}, {"entity": "amines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of their high potency in cellular environment , these straightforward pyrazole derivatives may possess potential in the design of more potent compounds for intervention with cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pyrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A selective antagonist reveals a potential role of G protein - coupled receptor 55 in platelet and endothelial cell function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G protein coupled receptor 55 ( GPR55 ) is a lysophosphatidylinositol ( LPI ) receptor that is also responsive to certain cannabinoids .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysophosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 73]}, {"entity": "LPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although GPR55 has been implicated in several ( patho ) physiological functions , its role is still enigmatic mainly owing to the lack of selective GPR55 antagonists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the compound CID16020046 ( ( 4 - [ 4 - ( 3 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - methylphenyl ) - 6 - oxo - 1H , 4H , 5H , 6H - pyrrolo [ 3 , 4 - c ] pyrazol - 5 - yl ] benzoic acid ) is a selective GPR55 antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "CID16020046", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "( 4 - [ 4 - ( 3 - hydroxyphenyl ) - 3 - ( 4 - methylphenyl ) - 6 - oxo - 1H , 4H , 5H , 6H - pyrrolo [ 3 , 4 - c ] pyrazol - 5 - yl ] benzoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In yeast cells expressing human GPR55 , CID16020046 antagonized agonist - induced receptor activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CID16020046", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In HEK293 cells stably expressing human GPR55 ( HEK - GPR55 ) , the compound behaved as an antagonist on LPI - mediated Ca2 + release and extracellular signal - regulated kinases ( ERK1 / 2 ) activation , but not in HEK293 cells expressing cannabinoid receptor 1 or 2 ( CB1 or CB2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "Ca2 +", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CID16020046 concentration - dependently inhibited LPI - induced activation of nuclear factor of activated T - cells ( NFAT ) , nuclear factor kappa of activated B cells ( NF - kappa B ) and serum response element ( SRE ) , translocation of NFAT and NF - kappa B , and GPR55 internalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "CID16020046", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "LPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It reduced LPI - induced wound healing in primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells ( HMVEC - L ) and reversed LPI - inhibited platelet aggregation , suggesting a novel role for GPR55 in platelet and endothelial cell function .", "entity": [{"entity": "LPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "LPI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CID16020046 is therefore a valuable tool to study GPR55 - mediated mechanisms in primary cells and tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "CID16020046", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Method for quantitative measurements of the elastic modulus of biological cells in AFM indentation experiments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we overview and further develop a quantitative method to measure mechanics of biological cells in indentation experiments , which is based on the use of atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We demonstrate how the elastic modulus of the cell body should be measured when the cellular brush is taken into account .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brush is an essential inelastic part of the cell , which surrounds all eukaryotic ( the brush is mostly microvilli and glycocalyx ) and gram - negative prokaryotic cells ( the brush is polysaccharides ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other main feature of the described method is the use of a relatively dull AFM probe to stay in the linear stress - strain regime .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , we show that the elastic modulus ( aka the Young ' s modulus ) of cells is independent of the indentation depth up to 10 - 20 % deformation for the eukaryotic cells studied here .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Besides the elastic modulus , the method presented allows obtaining the parameters of cellular brush , such as the effective length and grafting density of the brush .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the method is demonstrated on eukaryotic cells , it is directly applicable for all types of cells , and even non - biological soft materials surrounded by either a brush or any field of long - range forces .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prostaglandin E2 acts via bone marrow macrophages to block PTH - stimulated osteoblast differentiation in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intermittent PTH is the major anabolic therapy for osteoporosis while continuous PTH causes bone loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTH acts on the osteoblast ( OB ) lineage to regulate bone resorption and formation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTH also induces cyclooxygenase - 2 ( COX - 2 ) , producing prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) , that can act on both OBs and osteoclasts ( OCs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because intermittent PTH is more anabolic in Cox - 2 knockout ( KO ) than wild type ( WT ) mice , we hypothesized COX - 2 might contribute to the effects of continuous PTH by suppressing PTH - stimulated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into OBs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared effects of continuous PTH on bone marrow stromal cells ( BMSCs ) and primary OBs ( POBs ) from Cox - 2 KO mice , mice with deletion of PGE2 receptors ( Ptger4 and Ptger2 KO mice ) , and WT controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTH increased OB differentiation in BMSCs only in the absence of COX - 2 expression or activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of COX - 2 , PTH stimulated differentiation if added during the first week of culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Cox - 2 KO BMSCs , PTH - stimulated differentiation was prevented by adding PGE2 to cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - culture of POBs with M - CSF - expanded bone marrow macrophages ( BMMs ) showed that the inhibition of PTH - stimulated OB differentiation required not only COX - 2 or PGE2 but also BMMs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sufficient PGE2 to mediate the inhibitory effect was made by either WT POBs or WT BMMs .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect mediated by COX - 2 / PGE2 was transferred by conditioned media from RANKL - treated BMMs and could be blocked by osteoprotegerin , which interferes with RANKL binding to its receptor on OC lineage cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of Ptger4 , but not Ptger2 , in BMMs prevented the inhibition of PTH - stimulated OB differentiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As expected , PGE2 also stimulated OB differentiation , but when given in combination with PTH , the stimulatory effects of both were abrogated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that PGE2 , acting via EP4R on BMMs committed to the OC lineage , stimulated secretion of a factor or factors that acted to suppress PTH - stimulated OB differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suppression of OB differentiation could contribute to the bone loss seen with continuous PTH in vivo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zno nanoparticle based highly efficient CdS / CdSe quantum dot - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zno", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "20 nm ZnO nanoparticles are used to fabricate the mesoporous photoanode of the CdS / CdSe quantum dot - sensitized solar cells by the simple doctor blade method .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "CdS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "CdSe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A maximum power conversion efficiency of 4 . 46 % has been achieved , which indicated exciting prospects for ZnO nanoparticle based quantum dot - sensitized solar cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled crossover study of alpha 4 beta 2 * nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AZD1446 ( TC - 6683 ) in adults with attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 112]}, {"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "TC - 6683", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic systems has been shown to alleviate ADHD symptoms and to improve cognitive performance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AZD1446 is a selective alpha 4 beta 2 * nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with potential effect on the symptoms of ADHD .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy , safety , and pharmacokinetics of AZD1446 in adults with ADHD treated for 2 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : This was a randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled crossover trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were 79 adults with ADHD , grouped according to their use of nicotine - containing products .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine non - users received placebo and two of three AZD1446 treatment regimens ( 80 mg tid , 80 mg qd , 10 mg tid ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine users received placebo , AZD1446 80 mg tid and 80 mg qd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy measures included the Conners ' Adult ADHD Rating Scale and cognitive measures of immediate and delayed verbal episodic memory , learning , attention , working memory , executive functioning , and spatial problem solving ( CogState computerized test battery ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There was no significant effect of AZD1446 on any of the clinical scores irrespective of dose , schedule , or concomitant use of nicotine products .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A statistically significant improvement was seen on the Groton Maze Learning Task , a measure of executive functioning , in nicotine non - users after treatment with AZD1446 80 mg qd .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : AZD1446 was well tolerated , but did not significantly improve ADHD symptoms after 2 weeks of treatment compared to placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the present study does not support the therapeutic utility of AZD1446 in ADHD , its potential pro - cognitive effects remain to be explored in other neuropsychiatric disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "AZD1446", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modelling the Cost Effectiveness of Disease - Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis : Issues to Consider .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several cost - effectiveness models of disease - modifying treatments ( DMTs ) for multiple sclerosis ( MS ) have been developed for different populations and different countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vast differences in the approaches and discrepancies in the results give rise to heated discussions and limit the use of these models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our main objective is to discuss the methodological challenges in modelling the cost effectiveness of treatments for MS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a review of published models to describe the approaches taken to date , to identify the key parameters that influence the cost effectiveness of DMTs , and to point out major areas of weakness and uncertainty .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - six published models and analyses were identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greatest source of uncertainty is the absence of head - to - head randomized clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modellers have used various techniques to compensate , including utilizing extension trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of large observational cohorts in recent studies aids in identifying population - based , ' real - world ' treatment effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major drivers of results include the time horizon modelled and DMT acquisition costs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Model endpoints must target either policy makers ( using cost - utility analysis ) or clinicians ( conducting cost - effectiveness analyses ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lastly , the cost effectiveness of DMTs outside North America and Europe is currently unknown , with the lack of country - specific data as the major limiting factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that limited data should not preclude analyses , as models may be built and updated in the future as data become available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disclosure of modelling methods and assumptions could improve the transferability and applicability of models designed to reflect different healthcare systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three Ubiquitination Sites of Organic Anion Transporter - 1 Synergistically Mediate Protein Kinase C - dependent Endocytosis of the Transporter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Organic anion transporter - 1 ( OAT1 ) mediates the body disposition of a diverse array of clinically important drugs , including anti - HIV therapeutics , anti - tumor drugs , antibiotics , anti - hypertensives , and anti - inflammatories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , understanding the regulation of OAT1 has profound clinical significance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We previously established that OAT1 constitutively internalizes from and recycles back to cell surface , and that activation of protein kinase C ( PKC ) inhibits OAT1 activity by promoting ubiquitination of the transporter , which then leads to an accelerated internalization of the transporter from cell surface to intracellular compartments .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , we demonstrated that PKC isoform PKC - alpha was responsible for OAT1 ubiquitination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To directly address the role of OAT1 ubiquitination , we then generated two OAT1 mutants , each having multiple lysines ( K ) simultaneously mutated to arginine ( R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One mutant K163 / 297 / 303 / 315 / 321R lost sensitivities to PKC - induced inhibition of transport activity , to PKC - induced ubiquitination , and to PKC - induced acceleration of transporter internalization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further dissecting each lysine within this mutant , we identified Lys297 , Lys303 and Lys315 being the ubiquitin - conjugation sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "Lys297", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Lys303", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "Lys315", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , mutating any one of the three lysines prevented the ubiquitin - conjugation to the other two lysines , suggesting that Lys297 , Lys303 and Lys315 may form an optimal structure to interact with ubiquitination machineries .", "entity": [{"entity": "lysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "lysines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Lys297", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Lys303", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Lys315", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first demonstration that Lys297 , Lys303 and Lys315 play synergistic role in PKC - regulated OAT1 ubiquitination , trafficking and transport activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lys297", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Lys303", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Lys315", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone receptor induces bcl - x expression through intragenic binding sites favoring RNA polymerase II elongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroid receptors were classically described for regulating transcription by binding to target gene promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , genome - wide studies reveal that steroid receptors - binding sites are mainly located at intragenic regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the role of these sites , we examined the effect of progestins on the transcription of the bcl - x gene , where only intragenic progesterone receptor - binding sites ( PRbs ) were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that in response to hormone treatment , the PR is recruited to these sites along with two histone acetyltransferases CREB - binding protein ( CBP ) and GCN5 , leading to an increase in histone H3 and H4 acetylation and to the binding of the SWI / SNF complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant , a more relaxed chromatin was detected along bcl - x gene mainly in the regions surrounding the intragenic PRbs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PR also mediated the recruitment of the positive elongation factor pTEFb , favoring RNA polymerase II ( Pol II ) elongation activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together these events promoted the re - distribution of the active Pol II toward the 3 ' - end of the gene and a decrease in the ratio between proximal and distal transcription .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest a novel mechanism by which PR regulates gene expression by facilitating the proper passage of the polymerase along hormone - dependent genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seawater - driven magnesium based Janus micromotors for environmental remediation .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the use of seawater as fuel to propel Janus micromotors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The new micromotors consist of biodegradable and environmentally friendly magnesium microparticles and a nickel - gold bilayer patch for magnetic guidance and surface modification .", "entity": [{"entity": "magnesium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "nickel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such seawater - driven micromotors , which utilize macrogalvanic corrosion and chloride pitting corrosion processes , eliminate the need for external fuels to offer efficient and prolonged propulsion towards diverse applications in aquatic environments .", "entity": [{"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically driven ultraviolet random lasing from an n - MgZnO / i - ZnO / SiO2 / p - Si asymmetric double heterojunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "MgZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrically pumped lasing action has been realized in ZnO from an n - MgZnO / i - ZnO / SiO2 / p - Si asymmetric double heterostructure , an ultralow threshold of 3 . 9 mA was obtained .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "MgZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of the laser is associated with the in - plane random resonator cavities formed in the ZnO films and the elaborate hollow - shaped SiO2 cladding pattern , which prevent the lateral diffusion of injection current and ultimately lower the threshold current of the laser diode .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "SiO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a waveguide mechanism due to different refractive indices of three epilayers enhances the guided optical field on the ZnO side , resulting in an improved light extraction efficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - Induced Macular Edema .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macular edema constitutes a serious pathologic entity of ophthalmology resulting in vision loss with a remarkable impact on the quality of life of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the final common pathway of various systemic diseases and underlying intraocular conditions , with diabetes mellitus being the most frequent cause .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other causes include venous occlusive disease , intraocular surgery , and inflammatory conditions of the posterior segment of the eye .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macular edema is a recognized side effect of various systemic and local medications and requires special consideration among ophthalmologists and other clinicians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , antidiabetic thiazolidinediones have been implicated in the development of macular edema , and a review of the English literature revealed that other systemically administered drugs like fingolimod , recently approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis , the anticancer agents tamoxifen and the taxanes , as well as niacin and interferons have been reported to cause macular edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiazolidinediones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "fingolimod", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 208]}, {"entity": "tamoxifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 304]}, {"entity": "taxanes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [313, 320]}, {"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [334, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ophthalmologic pharmaceutical agents , like prostaglandin analogs , epinephrine , timolol , and ophthalmic preparation preservatives have also been reported to cause macular edema as an adverse event .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this article is to provide a short , balanced overview of the available evidence in this regard .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The available data and the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to the development of macular edema are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible therapeutic strategies for drug - induced macular edema are also proposed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Highly Crystalline Manganese - Doped Iron Oxide Nanocontainer with Predesigned Void Volume and Shape for Theranostic Applications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manganese - Doped Iron Oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hollow Mn - doped iron oxide nanocontainers , formed by a novel one - pot synthetic process , fulfill the dual requirements of delivering an effective dose of an anticancer drug to tumor tissue and enabling image - contrast monitoring of the nanocontainer fate through T2 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging , thereby determining the optimal balance between diagnostic and therapeutic moieties in an all - in - one theranostic nanoplatform .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mn - doped iron oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxygen - functionalized few - layer graphene sheets as active catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "graphene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invited for this month ' s cover is the group from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences ( CNMS ) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The illustration is of the catalytic activity of the reported oxygen - functionalized few - layer graphenes , whereas the micrograph background image is of the same graphenes recorded by the authors using a new helium - ion microscope at the CNMS .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "graphenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "graphenes", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "helium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Read the full text of the article at 10 . 1002 / cssc . 201200756 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS INDUCE A MITOPHAGY - ASSOCIATED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION THAT IS REVERSED BY COENZYME Q10 CO - TREATMENT .", "entity": [{"entity": "NUCLEOSIDE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "COENZYME Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular complications have been documented in HIV - 1 infected populations , and antiretroviral therapy may play a role .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTI ) are antiretrovirals known to induce mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells , culminating in endothelial dysfunction , an initiating event in atherogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though the mechanism for NRTI - induced endothelial toxicity is not yet clear , our prior work suggested that a mitochondrial oxidative stress may be involved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To further delineate the mechanism of toxicity , endothelial cells were treated with NRTI of varying subclasses , and the level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and mitochondrial function were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test whether rescue of mitochondrial electron transport attenuated NRTI - induced endothelial dysfunction , in some cases , cells were co - treated with the electron transport cofactor coenzyme Q10 ( Q10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coenzyme Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 200]}, {"entity": "Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 4 - 6h , NRTI increased levels of ROS but decreased the activities of electron transport chain complexes I - IV , levels of ATP and the NAD / NADH ratio .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}, {"entity": "NAD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "NADH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , nitric oxide levels were decreased , while endothelin - 1 release was increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Q10 abolished NRTI - induced mitochondria injury and effects on endothelial agonist production .", "entity": [{"entity": "Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , in cells treated with NRTI only , markers for mitochondrial toxicity returned to baseline levels by 18 - 24h , suggesting a compensatory mechanism for clearing damaged mitochondria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using confocal microscopy , with confirmation utilizing the autophagy and mitophagy markers LC - 3 and NIX , respectively , we observed autophagy of mitochondria at 8 - 10 h after treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Q10 prevented NRTI - mediated increase in LC - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that NRTI - induced mitophagy may be involved in NRTI - induced endothelial dysfunction and that this damage likely results from oxidant injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , Q10 supplementation could potentially prevent NRTI - induced endothelial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Q10", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - ray structure analysis and characterization of AFUEI , an elastase inhibitor from Aspergillus fumigatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elastase from Aspergillus sp .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is an important factor for aspergillosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AFUEI is an inhibitor of the elastase derived from Aspergillus fumigatus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AFUEI is a member of the I78 inhibitor family , and has a high inhibitory activity against elastases of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus , human neutrophil elastase and bovine chymotrypsin , but does not inhibit bovine trypsin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report the crystal structure of AFUEI in two crystal forms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AFUEI is a wedge - shaped protein composed of an extended loop and a scaffold protein core .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The structure of AFUEI shows remarkable similarity to serine protease inhibitors of the potato inhibitor I family , although they are classified into different inhibitor families .", "entity": [{"entity": "serine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A structural comparison with the potato I family inhibitors suggests that the extended loop of AFUEI corresponds to the binding loop of the potato inhibitor I family and AFUEI inhibits its cognate proteases through the same mechanism as the Potato I family inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Copolymerization of 2 - methylene - 1 , 3 - dioxepane and glycidyl methacrylate , a well - defined and efficient process for achieving functionalized polyesters for covalent binding of bioactive molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - methylene - 1 , 3 - dioxepane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 53]}, {"entity": "glycidyl methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "polyesters", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The understanding of cell - material interactions is important for creating personalized implants for tissue engineering .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This has resulted in an interest in developing polymers with functional groups with the possibility of controlling the macromolecular surface .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have in a one - pot reaction synthesized a series of amorphous and degradable polyester - based copolymers with active functional groups by copolymerization of 2 - methylene - 1 , 3 - dioxepane and glycidyl methacrylate .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "2 - methylene - 1 , 3 - dioxepane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 196]}, {"entity": "glycidyl methacrylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The properties of the final polymers were varied by varying the feed ratios of the monomers and it was seen that it was possible to control the amount of active functional groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting epoxy - functionalized polyester was further modified by covalent immobilization of heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "epoxy - functionalized polyester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heparinization was done in order , in a future aspect , to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin binds directly with the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein - 2 and helps to retain its activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular structure of the copolymers was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance , size exclusion chromatography , and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing showed that the monomer feed ratio had a great influence on the properties of the final polymer and that it thus was possible to control the mechanical properties to suit an intended application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of heparin was verified by toluidine blue staining and all the films tested showed positive signals for heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "toluidine blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Influence of histidine incorporation on buffer capacity and gene transfection efficiency of HPMA - co - oligolysine brush polymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the major intracellular barriers to non - viral gene delivery is efficient endosomal escape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incorporation of histidine residues into polymeric constructs has been found to increase endosomal escape via the proton sponge effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical and diblock copolymers of N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide ( HPMA ) , oligolysine , and oligohistidine were synthesized via reversible - addition fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) polymerization , and tested for in vitro transfection efficiency , buffering ability , and polyplex uptake mechanism via the use of chemical endocytic inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 78]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , histidine - containing statistical and diblock polymers exhibited increased buffer capacity in different endosomal pH ranges .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical copolymers transfected better than block copolymers that contained similar amounts of histidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , only the polymer containing the highest incorporation of oligohistidine residues led to increases in transfection efficiency over the HPMA - oligolysine base polymer .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , for these polymer architectures , high histidine incorporation may be required for efficient endosomal escape .", "entity": [{"entity": "histidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , uptake studies indicate that non - acidified caveolae - mediated endocytosis may be the primary route of transfection for these copolymers , suggesting that alternative approaches for increasing endosomal escape may be beneficial for enhancing transfection efficiency with these HPMA - oligolysine copolymers .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surface - sensitive two - dimensional magneto - fingerprint in mesoscopic Bi2Se3 channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bi2Se3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periodic Aharonov - Bohm and Altshuler - Aronov - Spivak oscillations have traditionally been observed in lateral transport through patterned mesoscopic loops of diffusive conductors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , our studies of perpendicular - to - plane magnetotransport in straight - channel , diffusive devices of epitaxial Bi2Se3 surprisingly reveal signatures of Aharonov - Bohm orbits - - periodic conductance fluctuation magneto - fingerprints - - even though the devices are not explicitly patterned into loops .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bi2Se3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that the length scale of these orbits corresponds to the typical perimeter of triangular terraces found on the surface of these thin film devices , strongly suggesting that the periodic magneto - fingerprint arises from coherent scattering of electron waves from the step - edges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our interpretation is bolstered by control measurements in devices without such surface morphology which only show a conventional , aperiodic magneto - fingerprint .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that lithographically patterned Bi2Se3 devices provide a novel class of mesoscopic physical systems for systematic studies of coherent surface sensitive transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bi2Se3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations of droplet coalescence in simple shear flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulating droplet coalescence is challenging because small - scale ( tens of nanometers ) phenomena determine the behaviour of much larger ( micron - to millimetre - scale ) droplets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , liquid droplets colliding in a liquid medium coalesce when the capillary number is less than a critical value .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present simulations of droplet collisions and coalescence in simple shear flow using the free - energy binary - liquid lattice Boltzmann method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous simulations of low - speed collisions , droplets coalesced at unrealistically high capillary numbers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations of non - coalescing droplets have not been reported , and therefore the critical capillary number for simulated collisions was unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By simulating droplets with radii up to 100 lattice nodes , we determine the critical capillary number for coalescence and quantify the effects of several numerical and geometric parameters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The simulations were performed with a well - resolved interface , a Reynolds number of one , and capillary numbers from 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of the droplet radius and interface thickness has the greatest effect on the critical capillary number .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in experiments , the critical capillary number decreases with increasing droplet size .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second numerical parameter , the interface diffusivity ( Peclet number ) also influences the conditions for coalescence : coalescence occurs at higher capillary numbers with lower Peclet numbers ( higher diffusivity ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of the vertical offset between the droplets and the confinement of the droplets were also studied .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physically reasonable results were obtained and provide insight into the conditions for coalescence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simulations that match the conditions of experiments reported in the literature remain computationally impractical .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the scale of the simulations is now sufficiently large that a comparison with experiments involving smaller droplets ( ~ 10 mu m ) and lower viscosities ( 10 ( - 6 ) m ( 2 ) / s , the viscosity of water ) may be possible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments at these conditions are therefore needed to determine the interface thickness and Peclet number that should be used for predictive simulations of coalescence phenomena .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Benzenesulfonamides incorporating cyanoacrylamide moieties strongly inhibit Saccharomyces cerevisiae beta - carbonic anhydrase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Benzenesulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "cyanoacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of benzenesulfonamides incorporating cyanoacrylamide moieties ( tyrphostine analogs ) were assayed as inhibitors of the beta - carbonic anhydrase ( CA , EC 4 . 2 . 1 . 1 ) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , ScCA .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzenesulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "cyanoacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "tyrphostine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some of these compounds were low nanomolar or subnanomolar ScCA inhibitors and showed selectivity ratios in the range of 4 . 91 - 69 . 86 for inhibiting the yeast enzyme over the offtarget human ( h ) isoforms hCA I and of 6 . 46 - 13 . 52 for inhibiting ScCA over hCA II .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The model organism S . cerevisiae and this particular enzyme may be useful for detecting antifungals with a novel mechanism of action compared to the classical azole drugs to which significant drug resistance emerged .", "entity": [{"entity": "azole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , some of these sulfonamides inhibited the growth of the yeast with CC50 - s in the range of 0 . 73 - 6 . 54 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfonamides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis inducing activity of benzophenanthridine - type alkaloids and 2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzophenanthridine - type alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 67]}, {"entity": "2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen compounds belonging to different classes of alkaloids ( 1 - 9 ) and lignans ( 10 - 13 ) , isolated from the methanol extract of roots of the African medicinal plant Zanthoxylum capense , were assayed for their ability as apoptosis inducers in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "lignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "methanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells by the MTS assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Out of the tested compounds , three benzophenanthridine alkaloids ( 1 , 4 , and 7 ) , a dibenzyl butyrolactone lignan ( 10 ) , and two 2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans ( 12 and 13 ) displayed significant cytotoxicity to HCT116 cells , confirmed by the Guava ViaCount viability assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzophenanthridine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 65]}, {"entity": "dibenzyl butyrolactone lignan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 117]}, {"entity": "2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selected compounds ( 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 , 12 , and 13 ) were further tested for apoptosis induction activity in HCT116 cells , by evaluation of nuclear morphology following Hoechst staining , and by caspase - 3 like activity assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphologic evaluation of HCT116 nuclei following Hoechst staining and fluorescence microscopy revealed that compounds 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 , 12 , and 13 induced apoptosis in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells , producing similar , or higher , apoptosis levels when compared with 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) , the cornerstone cytotoxic used in colon cancer treatment for several decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 284]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact , HCT116 cells developed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis , including chromatin condensation , nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , compounds 4 and 13 at 20 mu M were the most promising in this study , inducing respectively ~ 11 - and 7 - fold increases in apoptotic cells as compared to vehicle control , whereas 5 - FU increased apoptosis by ~ 2 - fold .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis induction for compounds 4 and 13 was further confirmed by caspase - 3 - like activity assays , which showed respectively ~ 2 - and 1 . 5 - fold increases in caspase - 3 - like activity compared to vehicle control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggested that specific benzophenanthridine alkaloids and 2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans isolated from Zanthoxylum capense show strong anticancer activity in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzophenanthridine alkaloids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 67]}, {"entity": "2 - arylbenzofuran neolignans", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vivo and attenuates renal damage and apoptosis in the ischemia and reperfusion model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nordihydroguaiaretic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown that the pretreatment with nordihydroguaiaretic acid ( NDGA ) , a lignan with direct and indirect antioxidant properties , protects against the ischemia - reperfusion ( I / R ) - induced renal oxidant damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "nordihydroguaiaretic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 70]}, {"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although it has been shown that NDGA induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation in renal epithelial LLC - PK1 cells in culture , it is unknown if NDGA may induce Nrf2 translocation in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work was explored if NDGA is able to induce in vivo Nrf2 nuclear translocation in kidneys of rats submitted to uni - nephrectomy ( U - NX ) or I / R injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups of male Wistar rats were used : U - NX , NDGA , I / R , and I / R + NDGA .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NDGA was injected i . p .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 10mg / kg / day ) starting 48h before I / R .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kidney samples were obtained at 3h of reperfusion after to measure Nrf2 translocation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional groups of rats were studied at 24h of reperfusion to measure histological damage and apoptosis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NDGA was able to induce Nrf2 translocation in vivo in kidneys of rats submitted to both U - NX and I / R injury and to protect against renal histological damage and apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that the pretreatment of NDGA is able to induce in vivo nuclear Nrf2 translocation in kidney of rats suggesting that this may be involved in the renoprotection against I / R .", "entity": [{"entity": "NDGA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytokine targets in airway inflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airway wall that leads to bronchial hyper - reactivity and airway obstruction , caused by inflammation , mucus hyper - production and airway wall remodelling .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central to pathogenesis , Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system control many aspects of the disease by producing cytokines such as IL - 4 , IL - 5 , IL - 13 , and IL - 17 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , many cells of the innate immune system such as mast cells , basophils , neutrophils , eosinophils , dendritic cells ( DCs ) , and innate lymphoid cells ( ILCs ) play an important role in the initiation or maintenance of disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epithelial cells are ever more implicated in disease pathogenesis , as they are able to sense exposure to pathogens via pattern recognition receptors ( PRRs ) and can activate DCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review article will deal with the role of cytokines that are considered essential controllers of the inflammatory , immune and regenerative response to allergens , viruses and environmental pollutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging Th2 cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin , GM - CSF , IL - 1 , IL - 33 , IL - 25 mediate the crosstalk between epithelial cells , DCs , and ILCs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the crosstalk between structural cells , innate and adaptive immune cells that is mediated by cytokines provides important mechanistic insights into how asthma develops and perpetuates itself .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It could also provide the framework on which we will select new therapeutic strategies that prevent exacerbations and alter the natural course of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacokinetic study of four flavones of Glycyrrhiza in rat plasma using HPLC - MS .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : This study aimed to develop a specific HPLC - MS method for simultaneous quantification of four flavones of Glycyrrhiza in rat plasma after oral administration and to describe the pharmacokinetics of four flavones in rat plasma .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : A simple , sensitive and selective method for simultaneous determination of four flavones of Glycyrrhiza in rat plasma , i . e . , liquiritin , isoliquiritin , liquiritigenin , isoliquiritigenin , by high performance liquid chromato - graphy - tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC - MS ) with negative electrospray ionization mode , was developed and validated .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "liquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 181]}, {"entity": "liquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 198]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of four flavones in rat plasma after oral administration of Glycyrrhiza flavones .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent TC - C18 column ( 4 . 6mm x 250mm , 5 mu m ) , with gradient elution by using a mixture of methanoic acid ( A ) and acetonitrile ( B ) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0 . 8mL / min .", "entity": [{"entity": "methanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "acetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The calibration curves for four flavones had good linearity in the measured range with higher than 0 . 997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relative standard deviations ( RSDs ) of the intra - and inter - day precision at different levels were all less than 4 . 8 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetic profile of four flavones in rat plasma was fitted with a two - compartment model detected by a simple , rapid and accurate HPLC - MS method .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Time ( h ) to reach peak concentration ( mu g / mL ) of liquiritin ( 2 . 69 +/- 0 . 04 ) , isoliquiritin ( 10 . 16 +/- 0 . 02 ) , liquiritigenin ( 2 . 83 +/- 0 . 02 ) , isoliquiritigenin ( 0 . 28 +/- 0 . 01 ) were 2 . 02 +/- 0 . 23 , 1 . 97 +/- 0 . 20 , 0 . 48 +/- 0 . 02 , 1 . 93 +/- 0 . 36 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "liquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "liquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution and elimination half - life ( h ) and area under the concentration - time curve ( mu g / mL * h ) from t = 0 to last time of liquiritin , isoliquiritin , liquiritigenin , isoliquiritigenin were 1 . 02 +/- 0 . 48 / 2 . 27 +/- 0 . 53 / 16 . 97 +/- 0 . 43 , 2 . 04 +/- 1 . 01 / 2 . 38 +/- 0 . 80 / 69 . 20 +/- 5 . 24 , 0 . 35 +/- 0 . 10 / 4 . 26 +/- 0 . 16 / 14 . 83 +/- 0 . 11 , 1 . 18 +/- 0 . 32 / 3 . 04 , +/- 0 . 22 / 2 . 10 +/- 0 . 09 , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "liquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 152]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "liquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 185]}, {"entity": "isoliquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoliquiritin presented the phenomenon of double peaks and the others appeared together in a single and plateau absorption phase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoliquiritin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoliquiritigenin had the lowest oral bioavailability because of Cmax and AUC0 - infinity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoliquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liquiritigenin had the fastest absorption and distribution rate and the lowest elimination rate according to Tmax , t1 / 2 alpha , t1 / 2 beta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liquiritigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This paper first reported on identification and determination of four flavones of Glycyrrhiza in rat plasma and their respective pharmacokinetic characteristics .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provided a meaningful basis for better understanding the absorption mechanism of Glycyrrhiza and evaluating the clinical application of this medicine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herbalists and wild medicinal plants in M ' Sila ( North Algeria ) : An ethnopharmacology survey .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM OF THE STUDY : The main aim of this study was to identify , catalogue and document the large number of wild medicinal plants used in the M ' Sila region ( northern Algeria ) for the treatment of several human pathologies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another more ambitious aim is to contribute to overcoming the limits of an orally transmitted pharmacopoeia , attempting to exploit the large ethnopharmacology patrimony of the region for further pharmacological purposes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Our field study was carried out over a period of three years ( 2008 - 2010 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During this period , herbalists were interviewed using semi - structured questionnaires investigating the herbalist as a holder of information ( gender , age and educational level ) and about wild medicinal plants ( local name , uses and part used ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the relative importance value of the species was determined and informant consensus factor ( ICF ) was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 83 herbalists were interviewed , men dominate the practice of traditional medicine in the region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 41 % of them are between 31 - 40 years , and about a third ( 34 % ) is illiterate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The traditional herbal knowledge is passed from generation to generation in the verbal form , being almost totally absent a writing tradition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interviewed herbalists identified and recorded 58 plants species and 50 genera belonging to 27 plant families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lamiaceae and Asteraceae were the most represented plant families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aerial parts were the most commonly used plant part , while infusion and decoction were the most common method of traditional drug preparation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The survey provides a veritable source of information on the herbalists and wild medicinal plants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plants which are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of similar diseases may be deemed to be effective in pharmacological terms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These medicinal plants may be incorporated into the healthcare delivery system of the country .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiology of Paget ' s disease of Bone : A systematic review and meta - analysis of secular changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONTEXT : Several studies have suggested that the prevalence and severity of PDB have fallen in recent years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnitude of this trend and its globalization have not been well established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To estimate the pooled magnitude of the changes in the prevalence of PDB .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a secondary objective , to make up a world atlas of PDB prevalence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Systematic review of English and non - English articles using MEDLINE ( 1946 to 2013 ) and EMBASE ( 1980 to 2013 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Search terms included epidemiology , incidence , prevalence , cohort studies , osteitis deformans or Paget disease of bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies with incidence and / or prevalence rate for PDB were included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two authors independently extracted the data using predefined data fields and quality assessment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pooled analyses based on random - effects models was carried out for secular trends .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Twenty - eight articles documented the prevalence of PDB ; four articles the incidence and two articles the rate of new referrals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of PDB varied greatly between the different countries , from 0 . 00028 % in Japan to 5 . 4 % in UK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were available data on changes in prevalence from two different surveys over two different time frames in Europe and New Zealand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all but one city ( Turin ) , a drop in the prevalence of PDB was recorded ( pooled OR 0 . 64 : 95 % CI : 0 . 45 - 0 . 91 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The incidence and prevalence rates of PDB vary widely between populations but both have decreased in most regions over recent years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes are heterogeneous however and within countries , the largest changes have been in areas that previously had a high prevalence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reasons for these changes remain unclear at present but are likely to be due to an interaction between genetic factors and environmental triggers which may differ in different regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diminished response to in vivo mechanical loading in trabecular and not cortical bone in adulthood of female C57Bl / 6 mice coincides with a reduction in deformation to load .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bone loss occurs during adulthood in both women and men and affects trabecular bone more than cortical bone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism responsible for trabecular bone loss during adulthood remains unexplained , but may be due at least in part to a reduced mechanoresponsiveness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that trabecular and cortical bone would respond anabolically to loading and that the bone response to mechanical loading would be reduced and the onset delayed in adult compared to postpubescent mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the longitudinal adaptive response of trabecular and cortical bone in postpubescent , young ( 10 week old ) and adult ( 26 week old ) female C57Bl / 6J mice to axial tibial compression using in vivo microCT ( day 0 , 5 , 10 , and 15 ) and dynamic histomorphometry ( day 15 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loading elicited an anabolic response in both trabecular and cortical bone in young and adult mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As hypothesized , trabecular bone in adult mice exhibited a reduced and delayed response to loading compared to the young mice , apparent in trabecular bone volume fraction and architecture after 10 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No difference in mechanoresponsiveness of the cortical bone was observed between young and adult mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finite element analysis showed that load - induced strain was reduced with age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that trabecular bone loss that occurs in adulthood may in part be due to a reduced mechanoresponsiveness in this tissue and / or a reduction in the induced tissue deformation which occurs during habitual loading .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic approaches that address the mechanoresponsiveness of the bone tissue may be a promising and alternate strategy to maintain trabecular bone mass during aging .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of genotoxicity of nitrile fragrance ingredients using in vitro and in vivo assays .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotoxicity studies were conducted on a group of 8 fragrance ingredients that belong to the nitrile family .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These nitriles are widely used in consumer products however there is very limited data in the literature regarding the genotoxicity of these nitriles .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 8 nitriles were assessed for genotoxicity using an Ames test , in - vitro chromosome aberration test or in - vitro micronucleus test .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The positive results observed in the in - vitro tests were further investigated using an in - vivo micronucleus test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results from these different tests were compared and these 8 nitriles are not considered to be genotoxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dodecanitrile and 2 , 2 , 3 - trimethylcyclopent - 3 - enylacetonitrile were negative in the in - vitro chromosome aberration test and in - vitro micronucleus test , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dodecanitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "2 , 2 , 3 - trimethylcyclopent - 3 - enylacetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While citronellyl nitrile , 3 - methyl - 5 - phenylpentanenitrile , cinnamyl nitrile , and 3 - methyl - 5 - phenylpent - 2 - enenitrile revealed positive results in the in - vitro tests , but confirmatory in - vivo tests determined these nitriles to be negative in the in - vivo micronucleus assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "citronellyl nitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 25]}, {"entity": "3 - methyl - 5 - phenylpentanenitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 65]}, {"entity": "cinnamyl nitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "3 - methyl - 5 - phenylpent - 2 - enenitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 135]}, {"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining two nitriles ( benzonitrile and alpha - cyclohexylidene benzeneacetonitrile ) were negative in the in - vivo micronucleus test .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "benzonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "alpha - cyclohexylidene benzeneacetonitrile", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of these nitriles as well as enrich the literature with genotoxicity data on fragrance ingredients .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitriles", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ether derivatives inhibit platelet activation after oral administration to rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The low lipophilicity of hydroxytyrosol ( HT ) has motivated efforts to synthesize homologous series with better lipid solubility , such as the ethers , which are more lipophilic than HT .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because HT inhibits platelet aggregation , the aim of the study was to assess the possible anti - platelet effect of five HT ether derivatives ( ethyl , butyl , hexyl , octyl and dodecyl ) after oral administration to rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 130]}, {"entity": "ethyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 150]}, {"entity": "butyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "hexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 166]}, {"entity": "octyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 174]}, {"entity": "dodecyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whole blood collagen - induced platelet aggregation and calcium - induced thromboxane B2 ( TxB2 ) , aortic 6 - keto - prostaglandin F1 alpha ( 6 - keto - PGF1 alpha ) and nitrites + nitrates , plasma concentration of lipid peroxides ( TBARS ) and red blood cell content of reduced glutathione ( GSH ) were measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "thromboxane B2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "TxB2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 95]}, {"entity": "6 - keto - prostaglandin F1 alpha", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 140]}, {"entity": "6 - keto - PGF1 alpha", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 164]}, {"entity": "nitrites", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "nitrates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 190]}, {"entity": "peroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 232]}, {"entity": "reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 292]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of 20 mg / kg / day inhibited platelet aggregation , TxB2 and TBARS in a non - linear manner related to the length of the carbon chain , with a cut - off effect in the hexyl derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "TxB2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}, {"entity": "hexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aortic nitrite and red blood cell GSH production were also increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aortic production of 6 - keto - PGF1 alpha was unaltered except in the group treated with the dodecyl derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - keto - PGF1 alpha", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 46]}, {"entity": "dodecyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of 50 mg / kg / day showed a similar pharmacodynamic profile but without the non - linear effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , HT ethers , especially the hexyl derivative , are a potential alternative to hydroxytyrosol , and their effect merits additional research to determine their role in the prophylaxis of vascular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "hexyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medicines Combinations Options and Regulatory Hurdles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of fixed dose combinations ( FDC ) on the market is increasing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both regulatory guidelines and the evidence for better effectiveness of fixed dose combinations are not established yet .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These aspects were the topic for a recent EUFEPS workshop in Copenhagen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The discussion confirms the presence of hurdles and recommendations to further progress and alleviate the problems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The general conclusion was : Refinement of general systems pharmacology tools for identification of key molecular targets in disease development ; Precompetitive methodologies and technologies designed for ( co - ) development of FDCs ; Simulation and modeling algorithms applied on pharmacodynamics ( synergy ) , pharmacokinetics and safety ; New formulations of FDCs of solid , liquid or inhalation forms ; Prospective clinical studies for measuring the efficacy and effectiveness of use of drug - drug combinations in elderly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclooxygenase activity contributes to the monoaminergic damage caused by serial exposure to stress and methamphetamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methamphetamine ( Meth ) is a widely abused psychostimulant that causes long - term dopamine ( DA ) and serotonin ( 5 - HT ) depletions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stress and Meth abuse are comorbid events in society and stress exacerbates Meth - induced monoaminergic terminal damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stress is also known to produce neuroinflammation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the role of the neuroinflammatory mediator , cyclooxygenase ( COX ) , in the depletions of monoamines caused by serial exposure to chronic unpredictable stress ( CUS ) and Meth .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CUS produced an increase in COX - 2 protein expression and enhanced Meth - induced monoaminergic depletions in the striatum and hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhanced DA and 5 - HT depletions in the striatum , but not the hippocampus , were prevented by pretreatment with COX inhibitor , ketoprofen , during stress or during Meth ; however , ketoprofen did not attenuate the monoaminergic damage caused by Meth alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "ketoprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 175]}, {"entity": "ketoprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 198]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The COX - dependent enhancement by stress of Meth - induced monoaminergic depletions was independent of hyperthermia , as ketoprofen did not attenuate Meth - induced hyperthermia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "ketoprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the EP1 receptor antagonist , SC - 51089 , did not attenuate DA or 5 - HT depletions caused by stress and Meth .", "entity": [{"entity": "SC - 51089", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings illustrate that COX activity , but not activation of the EP1 receptor , is responsible for the potentiation of Meth - induced damage to striatal monoamine terminals by stress and suggests the use of anti - inflammatory drugs for mitigating the neurotoxic effects associated with the combination of stress and Meth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "monoamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "Meth", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upregulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus - prefrontal cortex serotonin system by chronic treatment with escitalopram in hyposerotonergic Wistar - Kyoto rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "escitalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wistar - Kyoto ( WKY ) rats are sensitive to chronic stressors and exhibit depression - like behavior .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dorsal raphe nucleus ( DRN ) serotonin ( 5 - HT ) neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) comprise the important neurocircuitry underlying the pathophysiology of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the DRN - PFC 5 - HT system in WKY rats , we examined the effects of escitalopram ( ESCIT ) on the extracellular 5 - HT level in comparison with Wistar rats using dual - probe microdialysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "escitalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 101]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The basal levels of 5 - HT in the DRN , but not in the PFC , in WKY rats was reduced as low as 30 % of Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Responses of 5 - HT in the DRN and PFC to ESCIT administered systemically and locally were attenuated in WKY rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Feedback inhibition of DRN 5 - HT release induced by ESCIT into the PFC was also attenuated in WKY rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic ESCIT induced upregulation of the DRN - PFC 5 - HT system in WKY rats , with increases in basal 5 - HT in the DRN , responsiveness to ESCIT in the DRN and PFC , and feedback inhibition , whereas downregulation of these effects was induced in Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the WKY rat is an animal model of depression with low activity of the DRN - PFC 5HT system .", "entity": [{"entity": "5HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding that chronic ESCIT upregulates the 5 - HT system in hyposerotonergic WKY rats may contribute to improved understanding of mechanisms of action of antidepressants , especially in depression with 5 - HT deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESCIT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bioconcentration of chromium in edible mushrooms : influence of environmental and genetic factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chromium concentrations were determined in 167 samples of wild edible mushrooms , collected from three different sites ( urban , traffic and pastureland areas ) in Lugo ( NW Spain ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hymenophore ( H ) and the rest of the fruiting body ( RFB ) were analysed separately .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP - OES ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest mean chromium levels ( mg / kg dry weight ) of 3 . 5 and 8 . 0 , 4 . 5 and 6 . 2 , and 6 . 2 and 4 . 3 were found in Lycoperdon utriforme , Coprinus comatus and Agaricus campestris in H and RFB , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest concentrations of chromium were observed in terrestrial saprophytic species in relation to mycorrhizal species .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With respect to the underlying substrates , chromium concentration was lowest in the pastureland area ( 24 . 6 mg / kg dw ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All mushroom species were bioexclusors of chromium ( BCF < 1 ) with statistically significant differences ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The consumption of mushrooms harvested from the areas investigated poses no toxicological risk to human health due to chromium .", "entity": [{"entity": "chromium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthetic pathway to 22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic chain derivatives and their usefulness for obtaining brassinosteroid analogues .", "entity": [{"entity": "22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 47]}, {"entity": "brassinosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recognizing the functionality of the pentacyclic steroidal derivative 7a as important synthon to obtain new brassinosteroid analogs , we have accomplished the derivatization of hecogenin , a sapogenin from the 25R serie containing a carbonyl group at C - 12 , to a 22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic chain derivative .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentacyclic steroidal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 58]}, {"entity": "brassinosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 123]}, {"entity": "hecogenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 186]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 241]}, {"entity": "22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Starting from hecogenin acetate ( 5a ) or hecogenin tosylate ( 5b ) , we obtained two pentacyclic derivatives ( 7a and 7b ) which were subjected to an oxidation reaction on the double bond at C - 12 ( 23 ) to obtain a 22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic chain , with the regeneration of the carbonyl group at C - 12 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hecogenin acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "hecogenin tosylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "22 , 23 - dioxocholestanic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 244]}, {"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduction of the carbonyl groups lead to the 20 - epi - 12 , 23 - dihydroxy - 22 - oxo system 11a - b .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbonyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "20 - epi - 12 , 23 - dihydroxy - 22 - oxo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absolute configuration of compound 11a was established by X - ray diffraction analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evolution of Manduca sexta hornworms and relatives : Biogeographical analysis reveals an ancestral center of diversification in Central America .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hawkmoth genus Manduca is a diverse group of very large , conspicuous moths that has served as an important model across many biological disciplines .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two species in particular , the tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta ) and the tomato hornworm ( Manduca quinquemaculatus ) have been researched extensively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies across biological fields have referred to these two species as being closely related or even sister species , but the extent to which these two model organisms are related remains largely unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a comprehensive multi - gene phylogenetic analysis of Manduca , based on both an ML and Bayesian framework , which resulted in a monophyletic Manduca but only when two other genera , Dolba and Euryglottis are included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We tentatively conclude that the sister group to Manduca sexta comprises the Caribbean M . afflicta and M . johanni , and the sister lineage to this clade includes M . quinquemaculatus and the Hawaiian M . blackburni .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , M . sexta and M . quinquemaculatus are closely related , but are not sister species .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biogeographical analyses reveal an ancestral center of diversification in Central America , and Manduca appears to have subsequently colonized North and South America .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our phylogeny provides an important foundation for comparative studies of two model organisms and their relatives .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Designing , structural elucidation , comparison of DNA binding , cleavage , radical scavenging activity and anticancer activity of copper ( I ) complex with 5 - dimethyl - 2 - phenyl - 4 - [ ( pyridin - 2 - ylmethylene ) - amino ] - 1 , 2 - dihydro - pyrazol - 3 - one Schiff base ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "5 - dimethyl - 2 - phenyl - 4 - [ ( pyridin - 2 - ylmethylene ) - amino ] - 1 , 2 - dihydro - pyrazol - 3 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 268]}, {"entity": "Schiff base", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel copper ( I ) Schiff base complex has been synthesized and fully characterized by spectral , analytical and structural modes .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper ( I ) Schiff base", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single crystal X - ray diffraction studies revealed that the copper ( I ) complex [ CuCl ( PPh3 ) L ] has a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the central copper ( I ) ion .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 73]}, {"entity": "[ CuCl ( PPh3 ) L ]", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction of the ligand and the complex with CT - DNA has been explored by absorption titration method which revealed that the compounds could interact with CT - DNA through intercalation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complex to cleave the pBR322 DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antioxidative properties showed that the copper ( I ) complex has a strong radical - scavenging potency than ligands .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper ( I )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further the cytotoxic effect of the compounds examined on cancerous cell lines showed that the complex exhibited substantial anticancer activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase inhibitors : Solubilized 4 - substituted benzimidazole analogs of 2 - ( difluoromethyl ) - 1 - [ 4 , 6 - di ( 4 - morpholinyl ) - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazin - 2 - yl ] - 1H - benzimidazole ( ZSTK474 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphatidylinositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 65]}, {"entity": "4 - substituted benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 131]}, {"entity": "2 - ( difluoromethyl ) - 1 - [ 4 , 6 - di ( 4 - morpholinyl ) - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazin - 2 - yl ] - 1H - benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 258]}, {"entity": "ZSTK474", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A range of 4 - substituted derivatives of the pan class I PI 3 - kinase inhibitor 2 - ( difluoromethyl ) - 1 - [ 4 , 6 - di - ( 4 - morpholinyl ) - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazin - 2 - yl ] - 1H - benzimidazole ( ZSTK474 ) were prepared in a search for more soluble analogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 - ( difluoromethyl ) - 1 - [ 4 , 6 - di - ( 4 - morpholinyl ) - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazin - 2 - yl ] - 1H - benzimidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 199]}, {"entity": "ZSTK474", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 - Aminoalkoxy substituents provided the most potent derivatives , with the 4 - O ( CH2 ) 3NMe2 analog ( compound 14 ) being identified as displaying the best overall activity in combination with good aqueous solubility ( 25 mg / mL for the hydrochloride salt ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - Aminoalkoxy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "4 - O ( CH2 ) 3NMe2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 96]}, {"entity": "hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound was tested in a U87MG xenograft model , but displayed less potency than ZSTK474 as a result of an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZSTK474", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroimidazolyl hydrazones are better amoebicides than their cyclized 1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoline analogues : In vitro studies and Lipophilic efficiency analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitroimidazolyl hydrazones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 , 4 - oxadiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two series of compounds with hydrazone derivatives ( HZ1 - HZl2 , series 1 ) and oxadiazoline derivatives ( OZ1 - OZ12 , series 2 ) of the 2 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 1H - imidazole scaffold were designed and synthesized .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "oxadiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "2 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 1H - imidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicochemical properties and Lipophilic efficiency ( LipE ) analysis predicted higher intrinsic quality of the acylhydrazone derivatives ( series 1 ) than their corresponding oxadiazoline analogues ( series 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acylhydrazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "oxadiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro antiamoebic results supported the above findings and validated that the acylhydrazone derivatives ( HZ1 - HZl2 ) show better activity than the oxadiazoline derivatives ( OZ1 - OZ12 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acylhydrazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "oxadiazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MTT assay , using HepG2 cell line , revealed noncytotoxic nature of the compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most promising results were observed for compounds HZ5 ( IC50 = 0 . 96 mu M ) and HZ9 ( IC50 = 0 . 81 mu M ) both in silico and in vitro .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the Lipophilic efficiency ( LipE ) of the compounds provided new insight for the design of potent and selective amoebicides .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enmein - type diterpenoid analogs from natural kaurene - type oridonin : Synthesis and their antitumor biological evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Enmein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "kaurene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "oridonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of enmein - type diterpenoid analogs ( 11 - 20 ) derived from natural kaurene - type diterpenoid oridonin were synthesized and biologically evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "enmein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "diterpenoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "kaurene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "oridonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All target compounds showed improved anti - proliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines compared with natural oridonin and parent compound 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "oridonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some compounds were more potent than positive control Taxol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , mechanistic investigation showed that the representative compound 17 affected cell cycle and induced apoptosis at low micro - molar level in human hepatoma Bel - 7402 cells , via an oxidative stress triggered mitochondria - related caspase - dependent pathway .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Siah2 regulates tight junction integrity and cell polarity through control of ASPP2 stability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in cell adhesion and polarity are closely associated with epithelial cell transformation and metastatic capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor suppressor protein ASPP ( Apoptosis - Stimulating Proteins of p53 ) 2 has been implicated in control of cell adhesion and polarity through its effect on the PAR complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we demonstrate that under hypoxic conditions , the ubiquitin ligase Siah ( seven in absentia homolog ) 2 controls ASPP2 availability , with concomitant effect on epithelial cell polarity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LC - MS / MS analysis identified ASPP2 and ASPP1 as Siah2 - interacting proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical analysis confirmed this interaction and mapped degron motifs within ASPP2 , which are required for Siah2 - mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal - dependent degradation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of Siah2 expression increases ASPP2 levels and enhances ASPP2 - dependent maintenance of tight junction ( TJ ) integrity , and polarized architecture in three dimensional ( 3D ) organotypic culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , increase of Siah2 expression under hypoxia decreases ASPP2 levels and the formation of apical polarity in 3D culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all , our studies demonstrate the role of Siah2 in regulation of TJ integrity and cell polarity under hypoxia , through its regulation of ASPP2 stability . Oncogene advance online publication , 6 May 2013 ; doi : 10 . 1038 / onc . 2013 . 149 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of intranasal oxytocin treatment on conditioned fear extinction and recall in a healthy human sample .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : To improve outcomes for patients undergoing extinction - based therapies ( e . g . , exposure therapy ) for anxiety disorders such as post - traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , there has been interest in identifying pharmaceutical compounds that might facilitate fear extinction learning and recall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxytocin ( OT ) is a mammalian neuropeptide that modulates activation of fear extinction - based neural circuits and fear responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little is known , however , about the effects of OT treatment on conditioned fear responding and extinction in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of OT in a fear - potentiated startle task of fear conditioning and extinction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A double - blind , placebo - controlled study of 44 healthy human participants was conducted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants underwent a conditioned fear acquisition procedure , after which they were randomized to treatment group and delivered OT ( 24 IU ) or placebo via intranasal ( IN ) spray .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - five minutes after treatment , participants underwent extinction training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - four hours later , subjects were tested for extinction recall .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Relative to placebo , the OT group showed increased fear - potentiated startle responding during the earliest stage of extinction training relative to placebo ; however , all treatment groups showed the same level of reduced responding by the end of extinction training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - four hours later , the OT group showed significantly higher recall of extinction relative to placebo .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The current study provides preliminary evidence that OT may facilitate fear extinction recall in humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support further study of OT as a potential adjunctive treatment for extinction - based therapies in fear - related disorders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Greater risk sensitivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in young smokers than in nonsmokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Despite a national reduction in the prevalence of cigarette smoking , ~ 19 % of the adult US population persists in this behavior , with the highest prevalence among 18 - 25 - year - olds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that the choice to smoke imposes a known health risk , clarification of brain function related to decision - making , particularly involving risk - taking , in smokers may inform prevention and smoking cessation strategies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : This study aimed to compare brain function related to decision - making in young smokers and nonsmokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The Balloon Analogue Risk Task ( BART ) is a computerized risky decision - making task in which participants pump virtual balloons , each pump associated with an incremental increase in potential payoff on a given trial but also with greater risk of balloon explosion and loss of payoff .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used this task to compare brain activation associated with risky decision - making in smokers ( n = 18 ) and nonsmokers ( n = 25 ) , while they performed the BART during functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The participants were young men and women , 17 - 21 years of age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Risk level ( number of pumps ) modulated brain activation in the right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices more in smokers than in nonsmokers , and smoking severity ( Heaviness of Smoking Index ) was positively related to this modulation in an adjacent frontal region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Given evidence for involvement of the right dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices in inhibitory control , these findings suggest that young smokers have a different contribution of prefrontal cortical substrates to risky decision - making than nonsmokers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future studies are warranted to determine whether the observed neurobiological differences precede or result from smoking .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Measuring nanoparticle flow with the image structure function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a technique to measure the velocity and flow profiles of a nanofluid in a microfluidic channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , we extract the flow velocity from a series of standard brightfield images without employing particle tracking or laser - enhanced methods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis retrieves the flow information from the image structure function of sub - diffraction limited nanoparticles in suspension .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are able to spatially resolve the flow velocity and map out the parabolic flow profile across the width of a microfluidic channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Role of quercetin in cadmium - induced oxidative stress , neuronal damage , and apoptosis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was carried out to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of quercetin ( QE ) in protecting the cadmium ( Cd ) - induced neuronal injury in frontal cortex of rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "cadmium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 30 adult male Sprague - Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each : control , Cd treated and Cd treated with QE .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Cd - treated group was injected subcutaneously with cadmium chloride ( CdCl2 ) dissolved in saline at a dose of 2 ml / kg / day for 30 days , resulting in a dosage of 1 mg / kg Cd .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 6]}, {"entity": "cadmium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "CdCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats in QE - treated groups were given QE ( 15 mg / kg body weight ) once a day intraperitoneally starting 2 days prior to Cd injection , during the study period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were sacrificed at the end of the study and the frontal cortex tissues were removed for biochemical and histopathological investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , there is no available information on the effect of QE on neuronal injury after Cd exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats intoxicated with Cd for 30 days , significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels and significantly decreased enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase , glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the frontal cortex tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of QE with Cd significantly diminished the levels of MDA and significantly elevated the levels of enzymatic antioxidants in the frontal cortex tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The histopathological studies in the brain of rats also supported that QE markedly reduced the Cd - induced histopathological changes and well preserved the normal histological architecture of the frontal cortex tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The caspase - 3 immunopositivity was increased in degenerating neurons of the Cd group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with QE markedly reduced the immunoreactivity of degenerating neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , the results of the current study suggest that QE may be beneficial in combating the Cd - induced neurotoxicity in the brain of rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of QE may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment for neurodegeneration after Cd exposure in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential regulation of Arabidopsis plastid gene expression and RNA editing in non - photosynthetic tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RNA editing is one of the post - transcriptional processes that commonly occur in plant plastids and mitochondria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In Arabidopsis , 34 C - to - U RNA editing events , affecting transcripts of 18 plastid genes , have been identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we examined the editing and expression of these transcripts in different organs , and in green and non - green seedlings ( etiolated , cia5 - 2 , ispF and ispG albino mutants , lincomycin - , and norflurazon - treated ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lincomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "norflurazon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The editing efficiency of Arabidopsis plastid transcripts varies from site to site , and may be specifically regulated in different tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steady state levels of plastid transcripts are low or undetectable in etiolated seedlings , but most editing sites are edited with efficiencies similar to those observed in green seedlings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By contrast , the editing of some sites is completely lost or significantly reduced in other non - green tissues ; for instance , the editing of ndhB - 149 , ndhB - 1255 , and ndhD - 2 is completely lost in roots and in lincomycin - treated seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "lincomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The editing of ndhD - 2 is also completely lost in albino mutants and norflurazon - treated seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "norflurazon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , matK - 640 is completely edited , and accD - 794 , atpF - 92 , psbE - 214 , psbF - 77 , psbZ - 50 , and rps14 - 50 are completely or highly edited in both green and non - green tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the expression of nucleus - encoded RNA polymerase dependent transcripts is specifically induced by lincomycin , and the splicing of ndhB transcripts is significantly reduced in the albino mutants and inhibitor - treated seedlings .", "entity": [{"entity": "lincomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that plastid gene expression , and the splicing and editing of plastid transcripts are specifically and differentially regulated in various types of non - green tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of the inhibitory activity of Abeliophyllum distichum leaf constituents against aldose reductase by using high - speed counter current chromatography .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We isolated five phenolic glycosides ( acteoside , eutigoside B , isoacteoside , rutin and cornoside ) from Abeliophyllum distichum leaves by high - speed counter current chromatography ( HSCCC ) using a solvent system of ethyl acetate : n - butanol : water ( 8 : 0 . 7 : 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenolic glycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "eutigoside B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "isoacteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "rutin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "cornoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "ethyl acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 235]}, {"entity": "n - butanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We determined the purity of the 5 compounds by high - performance liquid chromatography , and confirmed their chemical structures by using nuclear magnetic resonance data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the inhibitory effect of these compounds on rat lens aldose reductase .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these compounds , acteoside ( 1 ) showed the most potent inhibitory effect , with an IC50 value of 1 . 39 mu M .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitory effect of 1 was 5 . 0 times greater than that of quercetin ( 7 . 05 mu M ) , which was used as a positive control .", "entity": [{"entity": "quercetin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that acteoside may be a promising agent for the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "acteoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , HSCCC is a promising method for the isolation and purification of biologically active compounds from natural products .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Understanding the Cost - Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Children : Methodological Choices and Seasonal Variability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The universal vaccination of children for influenza has recently been recommended in the UK and is being considered in other developed countries .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to explore the potential costs and benefits of childhood influenza vaccination to gain a better understanding of the key drivers of cost - effectiveness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : As our case study we examined the cost - effectiveness of vaccination in Australian schoolchildren using an age - stratified Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered model .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The results of this study highlight the critical role that methodological choices play in determining the cost - effectiveness of influenza vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These choices include decisions about the structure of the model ( including / excluding herd immunity ) and what costs and benefits to include in the analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In scenarios where herd protection was included we estimated that the program was likely to be cost - effective .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study also illustrates the importance of the inherent seasonal variability of influenza , which can produce counter - intuitive results , with low transmission seasons being easier to control by vaccination but resulting in fewer benefits .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Universal childhood influenza vaccination is likely to be cost - effective if a substantial herd protection effect can be achieved by the program .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is important that decision makers understand the role of seasonal variability and the impact of alternative methodological choices in economic evaluations of influenza vaccination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bacterial translocon SecYEG opens upon ribosome binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cotranslational translocation , the ribosome funnel and the channel of the protein translocation complex SecYEG are aligned .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For the nascent chain to enter the channel immediately after synthesis , a yet unidentified signal triggers displacement of the SecYEG sealing plug from the pore .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that ribosome binding to the resting SecYEG channel triggers this conformational transition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purified and reconstituted SecYEG channel opens to form a large ion - conducting channel which has the conductivity of the plug deletion mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of ion conducting channels inserted into the planar bilayer per fusion event roughly equals the number of SecYEG channels counted by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in a single proteoliposome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the open probability of the channel must be close to unity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To prevent the otherwise lethal proton leak , a closed post - translational conformation of the SecYEG complex bound to a ribosome must exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gain - of - function mutations in transient receptor potential C6 ( TRPC6 ) activate extracellular - signal - regulated kinases Erk1 / 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gain - of - function mutations in the canonical transient receptor potential 6 ( TRPC6 ) gene are a cause of autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( FSGS4 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms whereby abnormal TRPC6 activity results in proteinuria remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Erk1 / 2 MAP kinases are activated in glomeruli and podocytes in several proteinuric disease models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore examined whether FSGS - associated mutations in TRPC6 result in activation of these kinases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 293T cells and cultured podocytes , overexpression of gain - of - function TRPC6 mutants resulted in increased Erk1 / 2 phosphorylation , an effect dependent upon channel function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacologic inhibitor studies implicated several signaling mediators , including calmodulin and calcineurin , supporting the importance of TRPC6 - mediated calcium influx in this process .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Through media transfer experiments , we uncovered two distinct mechanisms for Erk activation by mutant TRPC6 , a cell autonomous , EGFR - independent mechanism and a cell non - autonomous mechanism involving metalloprotease - mediated release of a presumed EGFR ligand .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inhibitors KN - 92 and H89 were able to block both pathways in mutant TRPC6 expressing cells , as well as the prolonged elevation of intracellular calcium levels upon carbachol stimulation seen in these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "KN - 92", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "H89", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these effects appear independent of their effects on CaMKII and PKA , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylation of T70 , S282 and Y31 / Y285 were not necessary for Erk activation by mutant TRPC6 , though a phosphomimetic TRPC6 S282E mutant was capable of Erk activation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results identify two pathways downstream of mutant TRPC6 leading to Erk activation that may play a role in the development of FSGS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
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+["Disease", "Chemical"]
+[]
+{}
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+{"text": "Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during low dose intermittent dobutamine treatment in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 133]}, {"entity": "congestive heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors describe the case of a 56 - year - old woman with chronic , severe heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and absence of significant ventricular arrhythmias who developed QT prolongation and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during one cycle of intermittent low dose ( 2 . 5 mcg / kg per min ) dobutamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 128]}, {"entity": "ventricular arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 179]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 209]}, {"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [214, 232]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [233, 256]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia during intermittent dobutamine supports the hypothesis that unpredictable fatal arrhythmias may occur even with low doses and in patients with no history of significant rhythm disturbances .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 57]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanisms of proarrhythmic effects of Dubutamine are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dubutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Positive skin tests in late reactions to radiographic contrast media .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast media", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the last few years delayed reactions several hours after the injection of radiographic and contrast materials ( PRC ) have been described with increasing frequency .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast materials", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report two observations on patients with delayed reactions in whom intradermoreactions ( IDR ) and patch tests to a series of ionic and non ionic PRC were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After angiography by the venous route in patient n degree 1 a biphasic reaction with an immediate reaction ( dyspnea , loss of consciousness ) and delayed macro - papular rash appeared , whilst patient n degree 2 developed a generalised sensation of heat , persistent pain at the site of injection immediately and a generalised macro - papular reaction after 24 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyspnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "loss of consciousness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 140]}, {"entity": "macro - papular rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 175]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [268, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The skin tests revealed positive delayed reactions of 24 hours and 48 hours by IDR and patch tests to only some PRC with common chains in their structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "PRC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The positive skin tests are in favour of immunological reactions and may help in diagnosis of allergy in the patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "allergy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy in cancer patients who received continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil with the complication of dehydration and infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 47]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "dehydration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1986 to 1998 , 29 cancer patients who had 32 episodes of transient hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 101]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the patients had decompensated liver disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Onset of hyperammonemic encephalopathy varied from 0 . 5 to 5 days ( mean : 2 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 days ) after the initiation of chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma ammonium level ranged from 248 to 2387 microg % ( mean : 626 + / - 431 microg % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the 32 episodes , 26 ( 81 % ) had various degrees of azotemia , 18 ( 56 % ) occurred during bacterial infections and 14 ( 44 % ) without infection occurred during periods of dehydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "azotemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 118]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 152]}, {"entity": "dehydration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [180, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Higher plasma ammonium levels and more rapid onset of hyperammonemia were seen in 18 patients with bacterial infections ( p = 0 . 003 and 0 . 0006 , respectively ) and in nine patients receiving high daily doses ( 2600 or 1800 mg / m2 ) of 5 - FU ( p = 0 . 0001 and < 0 . 0001 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 119]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 25 out of 32 episodes ( 78 % ) , plasma ammonium levels and mental status returned to normal within 2 days after adequate management .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , hyperammonemic encephalopathy can occur in patients receiving continuous infusion of 5 - FU .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperammonemic encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 45]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azotemia , body fluid insufficiency and bacterial infections were frequently found in these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azotemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore important to recognize this condition in patients receiving continuous infusion of 5 - FU .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of quinine and 4 - aminopyridine on conditioned place preference and changes in motor activity induced by morphine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of two unselective potassium ( K ( + ) - ) channel blockers , quinine ( 12 . 5 , 25 and 50 mg / kg ) and 4 - aminopyridine ( 1 and 2 mg / kg ) , on conditioned place preference and biphasic changes in motor activity induced by morphine ( 10 mg / kg ) were tested in Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 44]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinine is known to block voltage - , calcium - and ATP - sensitive K ( + ) - channels while 4 - aminopyridine is known to block voltage - sensitive K ( + ) - channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 69]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 110]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the counterbalanced method , quinine attenuated morphine - induced place preference , whereas 4 - aminopyridine was ineffective .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the motor activity test measured with an Animex - activity meter neither of the K ( + ) - channel blockers affected morphine - induced hypoactivity , but both K ( + ) - channel blockers prevented morphine - induced secondary hyperactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 84]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "hypoactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 163]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 207]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest the involvement of quinine - sensitive but not 4 - aminopyridine - sensitive K ( + ) - channels in morphine reward .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 100]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also suggested that the blockade of K ( + ) - channels sensitive to these blockers is not sufficient to prevent morphine - induced hypoactivity whereas morphine - induced hyperactivity seems to be connected to both quinine - and 4 - aminopyridine - sensitive K ( + ) - channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "hypoactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 166]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 190]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 228]}, {"entity": "4 - aminopyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 252]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nociceptin / orphanin FQ and nocistatin on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "orphanin FQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "learning and memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nociceptin , also known as orphanin FQ , is an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor - like receptor 1 ( ORL1 ) and involves in various functions in the central nervous system ( CNS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "orphanin FQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , nocistatin is recently isolated from the same precursor as nociceptin and blocks nociceptin - induced allodynia and hyperalgesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 131]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although ORL1 receptors which display a high degree of sequence homology with classical opioid receptors are abundant in the hippocampus , little is known regarding their role in learning and memory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to investigate whether nociceptin / orphanin FQ and nocistatin could modulate impairment of learning and memory induced by scopolamine , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist , using spontaneous alternation of Y - maze and step - down type passive avoidance tasks in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "orphanin FQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "impairment of learning and memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 142]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While nocistatin ( 0 . 5 - 5 . 0 nmol mouse - 1 , i . c . v . ) administered 30 min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task , had no effect on spontaneous alternation or passive avoidance behaviours , a lower per cent alternation and shorter median step - down latency in the retention test were obtained in nociceptin ( 1 . 5 and / or 5 . 0 nmol mouse - 1 , i . c . v . ) - treated normal mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "nociceptin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [365, 375]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of nocistatin ( 1 . 5 and / or 5 . 0 nmol mouse - 1 , i . c . v . ) 30 min before spontaneous alternation performance or the training session of the passive avoidance task , attenuated the scopolamine - induced impairment of spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance behaviours .", "entity": [{"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicated that nocistatin , a new biologically active peptide , ameliorates impairments of spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance induced by scopolamine , and suggested that these peptides play opposite roles in learning and memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "nocistatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meloxicam - induced liver toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "liver toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the case of a female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed acute cytolytic hepatitis due to meloxicam .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 64]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently introduced in Belgium , meloxicam is the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with selective action on the inducible form of cyclooxygenase 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acute cytolytic hepatitis occurred rapidly after meloxicam administration and was associated with the development of antinuclear antibodies suggesting a hypersensitivity mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This first case of meloxicam related liver toxicity demonstrates the potential of this drug to induce hepatic damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "meloxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "liver toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "hepatic damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of apoptosis by remoxipride metabolites in HL60 and CD34 + / CD19 - human bone marrow progenitor cells : potential relevance to remoxipride - induced aplastic anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antipsychotic agent , remoxipride [ ( S ) - ( - ) - 3 - bromo - N - [ ( 1 - ethyl - 2 - pyrrolidinyl ) methyl ] - 2 , 6 - dimethoxybenz amide ] has been associated with acquired aplastic anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "( S ) - ( - ) - 3 - bromo - N - [ ( 1 - ethyl - 2 - pyrrolidinyl ) methyl ] - 2 , 6 - dimethoxybenz amide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 145]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined the ability of remoxipride , three pyrrolidine ring metabolites and five aromatic ring metabolites of the parent compound to induce apoptosis in HL60 cells and human bone marrow progenitor ( HBMP ) cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "pyrrolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cells were treated for 0 - 24 h with each compound ( 0 - 200 microM ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy in Hoechst 33342 - and propidium iodide stained cell samples .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hoechst 33342", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "propidium iodide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results were confirmed by determination of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation using gel electrophoresis for HL60 cell samples and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay in HBMP cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The catechol and hydroquinone metabolites , NCQ436 and NCQ344 , induced apoptosis in HL60 and HBMP cells in a time - and concentration dependent manner , while the phenols , NCR181 , FLA873 , and FLA797 , and the derivatives formed by oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring , FLA838 , NCM001 , and NCL118 , had no effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "hydroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "NCQ436", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "NCQ344", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "phenols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 171]}, {"entity": "FLA797", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 202]}, {"entity": "pyrrolidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No necrosis was observed in cells treated with NCQ436 but NCQ344 had a biphasic effect in both cell types , inducing apoptosis at lower concentrations and necrosis at higher concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "NCQ436", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "NCQ344", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that the catechol and hydroquinone metabolites of remoxipride have direct toxic effects in HL60 and HBMP cells , leading to apoptosis , while the phenol metabolites were inactive .", "entity": [{"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "hydroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , benzene - derived catechol and hydroquinone , but not phenol , induce apoptosis in HBMP cells [ Moran et al . , Mol . Pharmacol . , 50 ( 1996 ) 610 - 615 ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "catechol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "hydroquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that remoxipride and benzene may induce aplastic anemia via production of similar reactive metabolites and that the ability of NCQ436 and NCQ344 to induce apoptosis in HBMP cells may contribute to the mechanism underlying acquired aplastic anemia that has been associated with remoxipride .", "entity": [{"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "benzene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "NCQ436", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 144]}, {"entity": "NCQ344", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 155]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [242, 257]}, {"entity": "remoxipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological investigations of 1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine derivatives as potential atypical antipsychotic agents in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In research towards the development of new atypical antipsychotic agents , one strategy is that the dopaminergic system can be modulated through manipulation of the serotonergic system .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of a series of potential atypical antipsychotic agents based on the structure of 1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine ( 7 ) is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compound 7e , 5 - { 2 - [ 4 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazinyl ] ethyl } - 2 , 3 - dihy dro - 1H - indol - 2 - one , from this series showed significant affinities at the 5 - HT1A and 5 - HT2A receptors and moderate affinity at the D2 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - { 2 - [ 4 - ( 1 , 2 - dihydro - 2 - acenaphthylenyl ) piperazinyl ] ethyl } - 2 , 3 - dihy dro - 1H - indol - 2 - one", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7e exhibits a high reversal of catalepsy induced by haloperidol indicating its atypical antipsychotic nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sub - chronic inhibition of nitric - oxide synthesis modifies haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NADPH - diaphorase neurons in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : NG - nitro - L - arginine ( L - NOARG ) , an inhibitor of nitric - oxide synthase ( NOS ) , induces catalepsy in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "NG - nitro - L - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 37]}, {"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "nitric - oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect undergoes rapid tolerance , showing a significant decrease after 2 days of sub - chronic L - NOARG treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) has been shown to influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol , which block dopamine receptors , also cause catalepsy in rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To investigate the effects of subchronic L - NOARG treatment in haloperidol - induced catalepsy and the number of NOS neurons in areas related to motor control .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Male albino Swiss mice were treated sub - chronically ( twice a day for 4 days ) with L - NOARG ( 40 mg / kg i . p . ) or haloperidol ( 1 mg / kg i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Catalepsy was evaluated at the beginning and the end of the treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "Catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - diaphorase ( NADPH - d ) histochemistry was also employed to visualize NOS as an index of enzyme expression in mice brain regions related to motor control .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 51]}, {"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : L - NOARG sub - chronic administration produced tolerance of L - NOARG and of haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It also induced an increase in the number of NADPH - d - positive cells in the dorsal part of the caudate and accumbens nuclei compared with haloperidol and in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus compared with saline .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , there was a decrease in NADPH - d neuron number in the substantia nigra , pars compacta in both haloperidol - treated and L - NOARG - treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "NADPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "L - NOARG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The results give further support to the hypothesis that NO plays a role in motor behavior control and suggest that it may take part in the synaptic changes produced by antipsychotic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged left ventricular dysfunction occurs in patients with coronary artery disease after both dobutamine and exercise induced myocardial ischaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 38]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To determine whether pharmacological stress leads to prolonged but reversible left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease , similar to that seen after exercise .", "entity": [{"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 118]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : A randomised crossover study of recovery time of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after exercise and dobutamine induced ischaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "ischaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUBJECTS : 10 patients with stable angina , angiographically proven coronary artery disease , and normal left ventricular function .", "entity": [{"entity": "stable angina", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTIONS : Treadmill exercise and dobutamine stress were performed on different days .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function was performed using transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and at regular intervals after each test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Both forms of stress led to prolonged but reversible systolic and diastolic dysfunction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in the maximum double product ( p = 0 . 53 ) or ST depression ( p = 0 . 63 ) with either form of stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After exercise , ejection fraction was reduced at 15 and 30 minutes compared with baseline ( mean ( SEM ) , - 5 . 6 ( 1 . 5 ) % , p < 0 . 05 ; and - 6 . 1 ( 2 . 2 ) % , p < 0 . 01 ) , and at 30 and 45 minutes after dobutamine ( - 10 . 8 ( 1 . 8 ) % and - 5 . 5 ( 1 . 8 ) % , both p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regional analysis showed a reduction in the worst affected segment 15 and 30 minutes after exercise ( - 27 . 9 ( 7 . 2 ) % and - 28 . 6 ( 5 . 7 ) % , both p < 0 . 01 ) , and at 30 minutes after dobutamine ( - 32 ( 5 . 3 ) % , p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isovolumic relaxation period was prolonged 45 minutes after each form of stress ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In patients with coronary artery disease , dobutamine induced ischaemia results in prolonged reversible left ventricular dysfunction , presumed to be myocardial stunning , similar to that seen after exercise .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 54]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "ischaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 146]}, {"entity": "myocardial stunning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dobutamine induced ischaemia could therefore be used to study the pathophysiology of this phenomenon further in patients with coronary artery disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ischaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anorexigens and pulmonary hypertension in the United States : results from the surveillance of North American pulmonary hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 38]}, {"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The use of appetite suppressants in Europe has been associated with the development of primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 130]}, {"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , fenfluramine appetite suppressants became widely used in the United States but were withdrawn in September 1997 because of concerns over adverse effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenfluramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We conducted a prospective surveillance study on patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension at 12 large referral centers in North America .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data collected on patients seen from September 1 , 1996 , to December 31 , 1997 , included the cause of the pulmonary hypertension and its severity .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with no identifiable cause of pulmonary hypertension were classed as PPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A history of drug exposure also was taken with special attention on the use of antidepressants , anorexigens , and amphetamines .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Five hundred seventy - nine patients were studied , 205 with PPH and 374 with pulmonary hypertension from other causes ( secondary pulmonary hypertension [ SPH ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 110]}, {"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of anorexigens was common in both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , of the medications surveyed , only the fenfluramines had a significant preferential association with PPH as compared with SPH ( adjusted odds ratio for use > 6 months , 7 . 5 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1 . 7 to 32 . 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenfluramines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association was stronger with longer duration of use when compared to shorter duration of use and was more pronounced in recent users than in remote users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unexpectedly high ( 11 . 4 % ) number of patients with SPH had used anorexigens .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The magnitude of the association with PPH , the increase of association with increasing duration of use , and the specificity for fenfluramines are consistent with previous studies indicating that fenfluramines are causally related to PPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "fenfluramines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "fenfluramines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "PPH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The high prevalence of anorexigen use in patients with SPH also raises the possibility that these drugs precipitate pulmonary hypertension in patients with underlying conditions associated with SPH .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical aspects of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and other side effects of heparin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin , first used to prevent the clotting of blood in vitro , has been clinically used to treat thrombosis for more than 50 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , heparin remains the anticoagulant of choice to treat acute thrombotic episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "thrombotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical effects of heparin are meritorious , but side effects do exist .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bleeding is the primary untoward effect of heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major bleeding is of primary concern in patients receiving heparin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , additional important untoward effects of heparin therapy include heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , heparin - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia , alopecia , transaminasemia , hyperkalemia , hypoaldosteronism , and priapism .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 109]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "eosinophilia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 160]}, {"entity": "skin reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "allergic reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [180, 198]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 226]}, {"entity": "alopecia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [229, 237]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [258, 270]}, {"entity": "hypoaldosteronism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [273, 290]}, {"entity": "priapism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [297, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These side effects are relatively rare in a given individual , but given the extremely widespread use of heparin , some are quite common , particularly HITT and osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "HITT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although reasonable incidences of many of these side effects can be \" softly \" deduced from current reports dealing with unfractionated heparin , at present the incidences of these side effects with newer low molecular weight heparins appear to be much less common .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "heparins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , only longer experience will more clearly define the incidence of each side effect with low molecular weight preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient on tacrolimus ( FK506 ) therapy after liver transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "FK506", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a patient receiving tacrolimus ( FK 506 , Prograf ; Fujisawa USA , Inc , Deerfield , Illinois ) for immunosuppression after orthotropic liver transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "FK 506", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Case report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 58 - year - old man receiving tacrolimus after orthotropic liver transplantation , serial neuro - ophthalmologic examinations and laboratory studies were performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The patient had episodic deterioration of vision in both eyes , with clinical features resembling ischemic optic neuropathies .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemic optic neuropathies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deterioration of vision occurred despite discontinuation of the tacrolimus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deterioration of vision", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Tacrolimus and other immunosuppressive agents may be associated with optic nerve toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "optic nerve toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypercalcemia , arrhythmia , and mood stabilizers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent findings in a bipolar patient receiving maintenance lithium therapy who developed hypercalcemia and severe bradyarrhythmia prompted the authors to conduct a retrospective study of bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 102]}, {"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 216]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [230, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A printout of all cases of hypercalcemia that presented during a 1 - year period was generated .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After eliminating spurious hypercalcemias or those associated with intravenous fluids , the authors identified 18 non - lithium - treated patients with hypercalcemias related to malignancies and other medical conditions ( group A ) and 12 patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia ( group B ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 190]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 260]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [274, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in group B were not comparable to those in group A , as the latter were medically compromised and were receiving multiple pharmacotherapies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , two control groups were generated : group C1 , which included age - and sex - comparable lithium - treated bipolar normocalcemic patients , and group C2 , which included bipolar normocalcemic patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrocardiographic ( ECG ) findings for patients in group B were compared with those of patients in groups C1 and C2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that these groups did not differ in their overall frequency of ECG abnormalities ; however , there were significant differences in the frequency of conduction defects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with hypercalcemia resulting from medical diseases and bipolar patients with lithium - associated hypercalcemia had significantly higher frequencies of conduction defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in group A had significant mortality at 2 - year follow - up ( 28 % ) , in contrast to zero mortality in the other three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical implications of these findings are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuation of nephrotoxicity by a novel lipid nanosphere ( NS - 718 ) incorporating amphotericin B .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NS - 718 , a lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B , is effective against pathogenic fungi and has low toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the toxicity of NS - 718 with that of Fungizone ( amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate ; D - AmB ) in vitro using renal cell cultures and in vivo by biochemical analysis , histopathological study of the kidney and pharmacokinetic study of amphotericin B following intravenous infusion of the formulation in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "Fungizone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "amphotericin B - sodium deoxycholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 98]}, {"entity": "D - AmB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incubation with NS - 718 resulted in significantly less damage of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells compared with D - AmB .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - AmB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum blood urea and creatinine concentrations increased significantly in rats given an iv infusion of D - AmB 3 mg / kg but not in those given the same dose of NS - 718 .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "D - AmB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological examination of the kidney showed tubular necrosis in D - AmB - treated rats but no change in NS - 718 - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "D - AmB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphotericin B concentrations in the kidney in NS - 718 - treated rats were higher than those in D - AmB - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "D - AmB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that incorporation of amphotericin B into lipid nanospheres of NS - 718 attenuates the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 142]}, {"entity": "amphotericin B", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patterns of sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "acute nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity is reviving specially because of its use in toxoplasmosis in HIV - positive patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sulfadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "acute nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "toxoplasmosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report 4 cases , one of them in a previously healthy person .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under treatment with sulfadiazine they developed oliguria , abdominal pain , renal failure and showed multiple radiolucent renal calculi in echography .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "oliguria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "abdominal pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "renal calculi", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients recovered their previous normal renal function after adequate hydration and alcalinization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney .", "entity": [{"entity": "ureteral lithiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of them needed dialysis or a renal biopsy because of a typical benign course .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with sulfadiazine requires exquisite control of renal function , an increase in water ingestion and possibly the alcalinization of the urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We communicate a case in a previously healthy person , a fact not found in the recent literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Probably many more cases are not detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We think that a prospective study would be useful .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient - controlled administration of morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Downbeat nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IMPLICATIONS : This case documents a patient who developed dizziness with downbeating nystagmus while receiving a relatively large dose of IV patient - controlled analgesia morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "downbeating nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although there have been case reports of epidural morphine with these symptoms and signs , this has not been previously documented with IV or patient - controlled analgesia morphine .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone and amiodarone in animals with a healed myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemodynamic and antiadrenergic effects of dronedarone , a noniodinated compound structurally related to amiodarone , were compared with those of amiodarone after prolonged oral administration , both at rest and during sympathetic stimulation in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [278, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All dogs ( n = 6 ) randomly received orally dronedarone ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , amiodarone ( 10 and 30 mg / kg ) , and placebo twice daily for 7 days , with a 3 - week washout between consecutive treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart rate ( HR ) , mean arterial pressure ( MBP ) , positive rate of increase of left ventricular pressure ( + LVdP / dt ) , echocardiographically assessed left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) , and fractional shortening ( FS ) , as well as chronotropic response to isoproterenol and exercise - induced sympathetic stimulation were evaluated under baseline and posttreatment conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [274, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resting values of LVEF , FS , + LVdP / dt , and MBP remained unchanged whatever the drug and the dosing regimen , whereas resting HR was significantly and dose - dependently lowered after dronedarone and to a lesser extent after amiodarone .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both dronedarone and amiodarone significantly reduced the exercise - induced tachycardia and , at the highest dose , decreased the isoproterenol - induced tachycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , dronedarone and amiodarone displayed a similar level of antiadrenergic effect and did not impair the resting left ventricular function .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consequently , dronedarone might be particularly suitable for the treatment and prevention of various clinical arrhythmias , without compromising the left ventricular function .", "entity": [{"entity": "dronedarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase 2 trial of liposomal doxorubicin ( 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) in platinum / paclitaxel - refractory ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and primary carcinoma of the peritoneum .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "ovarian and fallopian tube cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 131]}, {"entity": "carcinoma of the peritoneum", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Several studies have demonstrated liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil ) to be an active antineoplastic agent in platinum - resistant ovarian cancer , with dose limiting toxicity of the standard dosing regimen ( 50 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks ) being severe erythrodysesthesia ( \" hand - foot syndrome \" ) and stomatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Doxil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 154]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 184]}, {"entity": "erythrodysesthesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [259, 277]}, {"entity": "hand - foot syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [282, 302]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [311, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wished to develop a more tolerable liposomal doxorubicin treatment regimen and document its level of activity in a well - defined patient population with platinum / paclitaxel - refractory disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND MATERIALS : Patients with ovarian or fallopian tube cancers or primary peritoneal carcinoma with platinum / paclitaxel - refractory disease ( stable or progressive disease following treatment with these agents or previous objective response < 3 months in duration ) were treated with liposomal doxorubicin at a dose of 40 mg / m ( 2 ) q 4 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian or fallopian tube cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 71]}, {"entity": "peritoneal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [306, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 49 patients ( median age : 60 ; range 41 - 81 ) entered this phase 2 trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median number of prior regimens was 2 ( range : 1 - 6 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six ( 12 % ) and 4 ( 8 % ) patients experienced grade 2 hand - foot syndrome and stomatitis , respectively ( no episodes of grade 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hand - foot syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea requiring hospitalization for hydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six ( 12 % ) individuals required dose reductions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median number of courses of liposomal doxorubicin administered on this protocol was 2 ( range : 1 - 12 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of 44 patients ( 9 % ) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This modified liposomal doxorubicin regimen results in less toxicity ( stomatitis , hand - foot syndrome ) than the standard FDA - approved dose schedule .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "hand - foot syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Definite , although limited , antineoplastic activity is observed in patients with well - defined platinum - and paclitaxel - refractory ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "bipolar mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Olanzipine HGGW Study Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : We compared the efficacy and safety of olanzapine vs placebo for the treatment of acute bipolar mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "bipolar mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Four - week , randomized , double - blind , parallel study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 115 patients with a DSM - IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder , manic or mixed , were randomized to olanzapine , 5 to 20 mg / d ( n = 55 ) , or placebo ( n = 60 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary efficacy measure was the Young - Mania Rating Scale ( Y - MRS ) total score .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response and euthymia were defined , a priori , as at least a 50 % improvement from baseline to end point and as a score of no less than 12 at end point in the Y - MRS total score , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety was assessed using adverse events , Extrapyramidal Symptom ( EPS ) rating scales , laboratory values , electrocardiograms , vital signs , and weight change .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extrapyramidal Symptom", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 65]}, {"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Olanzapine - treated patients demonstrated a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) improvement in Y - MRS total score than placebo - treated patients ( - 14 . 8 + / - 12 . 5 and - 8 . 1 + / - 12 . 7 , respectively ; P < . 001 ) , which was evident at the first postbaseline observation 1 week after randomization and was maintained throughout the study ( last observation carried forward ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olanzapine - treated patients demonstrated a higher rate of response ( 65 % vs 43 % , respectively ; P = . 02 ) and euthymia ( 61 % vs 36 % , respectively ; P = . 01 ) than placebo - treated patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no statistically significant differences in EPSs between groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPSs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , olanzapine - treated patients had a statistically significant greater mean ( + / - SD ) weight gain than placebo - treated patients ( 2 . 1 + / - 2 . 8 vs 0 . 45 + / - 2 . 3 kg , respectively ) and also experienced more treatment - emergent somnolence ( 21 patients [ 38 . 2 % ] vs 5 [ 8 . 3 % ] , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "somnolence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [251, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Olanzapine demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo in the treatment of acute bipolar mania and was generally well tolerated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "bipolar mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of pupil dilation with tropicamide on vision and driving simulator performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupil dilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "tropicamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To assess the effect of pupil dilation on vision and driving ability .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupil dilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A series of tests on various parameters of visual function and driving simulator performance were performed on 12 healthy drivers , before and after pupil dilation using guttae tropicamide 1 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupil dilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "tropicamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A driving simulator ( Transport Research Laboratory ) was used to measure reaction time ( RT ) , speed maintenance and steering accuracy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tests of basic visual function included high - and low - contrast visual acuity ( HCVA and LCVA ) , Pelli - Robson contrast threshold ( CT ) and Goldmann perimetry ( FIELDS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Useful Field of View ( UFOV - - a test of visual attention ) was also undertaken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean differences in the pre - and post - dilatation measurements were tested for statistical significance at the 95 % level using one - tail paired t - tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Pupillary dilation resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in CT and HCVA only .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pupillary dilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five of 12 drivers also exhibited deterioration in LCVA , CT and RT .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Little evidence emerged for deterioration in FIELDS and UFOV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , 7 of 12 drivers appeared to adjust their driving behaviour by reducing their speed on the driving simulator , leading to improved steering accuracy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Pupillary dilation may lead to a decrease in vision and daylight driving performance in young people .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pupillary dilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A larger study , including a broader spectrum of subjects , is warranted before guidelines can be recommended .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of isotretinoin embryopathy with bilateral anotia and Taussig - Bing malformation .", "entity": [{"entity": "isotretinoin embryopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 34]}, {"entity": "anotia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "Taussig - Bing malformation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a newborn infant with multiple congenital anomalies ( anotia and Taussig - Bing malformation ) due to exposure to isotretinoin within the first trimester .", "entity": [{"entity": "anotia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "Taussig - Bing malformation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 102]}, {"entity": "isotretinoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this paper we aim to draw to the fact that caution is needed when prescribing vitamin A - containing drugs to women of childbearing years .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of methoxamine on maximum urethral pressure in women with genuine stress incontinence : a placebo - controlled , double - blind crossover study .", "entity": [{"entity": "methoxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "stress incontinence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role for a selective alpha1 - adrenoceptor agonist in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary stress incontinence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A randomised , double - blind , placebo - controlled , crossover study design was employed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Half log incremental doses of intravenous methoxamine or placebo ( saline ) were administered to a group of women with genuine stress incontinence while measuring maximum urethral pressure ( MUP ) , blood pressure , heart rate , and symptomatic side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "methoxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "stress incontinence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methoxamine evoked non - significant increases in MUP and diastolic blood pressure but caused a significant rise in systolic blood pressure and significant fall in heart rate at maximum dosage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methoxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "a significant rise in systolic blood pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic side effects including piloerection , headache , and cold extremities were experienced in all subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the clinical usefulness of direct , peripherally acting sub - type - selective alpha1 - adrenoceptor agonists in the medical treatment of stress incontinence may be limited by associated piloerection and cardiovascular side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "stress incontinence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperglycemic effect of amino compounds structurally related to caproate in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperglycemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "caproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chronic feeding of small amounts ( 0 . 3 - 3 % of diet weight ) of certain amino derivatives of caproate resulted in hyperglycemia , an elevated glucose tolerance curve and , occasionally , glucosuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "amino", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "caproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "hyperglycemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "glucosuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective compounds included norleucine , norvaline , glutamate , epsilon - aminocaproate , methionine , and leucine .", "entity": [{"entity": "norleucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "norvaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "epsilon - aminocaproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 89]}, {"entity": "methionine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "leucine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toleration of high doses of angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure : results from the ATLAS trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 70]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisinopril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Treatment with angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) , but most affected patients are not receiving these agents or are being treated with doses lower than those found to be efficacious in trials , primarily because of concerns about the safety and tolerability of these agents , especially at the recommended doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 78]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "CHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study examines the safety and tolerability of high - compared with low - dose lisinopril in CHF .", "entity": [{"entity": "lisinopril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "CHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The Assessment of Lisinopril and Survival study was a multicenter , randomized , double - blind trial in which patients with or without previous ACE inhibitor treatment were stabilized receiving medium - dose lisinopril ( 12 . 5 or 15 . 0 mg once daily [ OD ] ) for 2 to 4 weeks and then randomized to high - ( 35 . 0 or 32 . 5 mg OD ) or low - dose ( 5 . 0 or 2 . 5 mg OD ) groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lisinopril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "ACE inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "lisinopril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with New York Heart Association classes II to IV CHF and left ventricular ejection fractions of no greater than 0 . 30 ( n = 3164 ) were randomized and followed up for a median of 46 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the occurrence of adverse events and the need for discontinuation and dose reduction during treatment , with a focus on hypotension and renal dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of 405 patients not previously receiving an ACE inhibitor , doses in only 4 . 2 % could not be titrated to the medium doses required for randomization because of symptoms possibly related to hypotension ( 2 . 0 % ) or because of renal dysfunction or hyperkalemia ( 2 . 3 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 212]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [239, 256]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [260, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doses in more than 90 % of randomized patients in the high - and low - dose groups were titrated to their assigned target , and the mean doses of blinded medication in both groups remained similar throughout the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Withdrawals occurred in 27 . 1 % of the high - and 30 . 7 % of the low - dose groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subgroups presumed to be at higher risk for ACE inhibitor intolerance ( blood pressure , < 120 mm Hg ; creatinine , > or = 132 . 6 micromol / L [ > or = 1 . 5 mg / dL ] ; age , > or = 70 years ; and patients with diabetes ) generally tolerated the high - dose strategy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These findings demonstrate that ACE inhibitor therapy in most patients with CHF can be successfully titrated to and maintained at high doses , and that more aggressive use of these agents is warranted .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "CHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine , ethanol , and cocaethylene cardiotoxity in an animal model of cocaine and ethanol abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "cocaethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "cocaine and ethanol abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Simultaneous abuse of cocaine and ethanol affects 12 million Americans annually .", "entity": [{"entity": "abuse of cocaine and ethanol", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination , these substances are substantially more toxic than either drug alone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their combined cardiac toxicity may be due to independent effects of each drug ; however , they may also be due to cocaethylene ( CE ) , a cocaine metabolite formed only in the presence of ethanol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "cocaethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 127]}, {"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 132]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to delineate the role of CE in the combined cardiotoxicity of cocaine and ethanol in a model simulating their abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Twenty - three dogs were randomized to receive either 1 ) three intravenous ( IV ) boluses of cocaine 7 . 5 mg / kg with ethanol ( 1 g / kg ) as an IV infusion ( C + E , n = 8 ) , 2 ) three cocaine boluses only ( C , n = 6 ) , 3 ) ethanol infusion only ( E , n = 5 ) , or 4 ) placebo boluses and infusion ( n = 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 207]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemodynamic measurements , electrocardiograms , and serum drug concentrations were obtained at baseline , and then at fixed time intervals after each drug was administered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Two of eight dogs in the C + E group experienced cardiovascular collapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular collapse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most dramatic hemodynamic changes occurred after each cocaine bolus in the C + E and C only groups ; however , persistent hemodynamic changes occurred in the C + E group .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peak CE levels were associated with a 45 % ( SD + / - 22 % , 95 % CI = 22 % to 69 % ) decrease in cardiac output ( p < 0 . 05 ) , a 56 % ( SD + / - 23 % , 95 % CI = 32 % to 80 % ) decrease in dP / dt ( max ) ( p < . 006 ) , and a 23 % ( SD + / - 15 % , 95 % CI = 7 % to 49 % ) decrease in SVO ( 2 ) ( p < 0 . 025 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "decrease in cardiac output", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ventricular arrhythmias were primarily observed in the C + E group , in which four of eight dogs experienced ventricular tachycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ventricular arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Cocaine and ethanol in combination were more toxic than either substance alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - administration resulted in prolonged cardiac toxicity and was dysrhythmogenic .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peak serum cocaethylene concentrations were associated with prolonged myocardial depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaethylene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "myocardial depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Worsening of Parkinsonism after the use of veralipride for treatment of menopause : case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinsonism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "veralipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a female patient with stable Parkinson ' s disease who has shown a marked worsening of her motor functions following therapy of menopause related symptoms with veralipride , as well as the improvement of her symptoms back to baseline after discontinuation of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "veralipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We emphasize the anti - dopaminergic effect of veralipride .", "entity": [{"entity": "veralipride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Viracept and irregular heartbeat warning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viracept", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "irregular heartbeat", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A group of doctors in Boston warn that the protease inhibitor Viracept may cause an irregular heart beat , known as bradycardia , in people with HIV .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viracept", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "irregular heart beat", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 104]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bradycardia occurred in a 45 - year - old male patient who was Viracept in combination with other anti - HIV drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Viracept", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The symptoms ceased after switching to another drug combination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency of appearance of myeloperoxidase - antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( MPO - ANCA ) in Graves ' disease patients treated with propylthiouracil and the relationship between MPO - ANCA and clinical manifestations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( MPO - ANCA ) - positive vasculitis has been reported in patients with Graves ' disease who were treated with propylthiouracil ( PTU ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 152]}, {"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 191]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The appearance of MPO - ANCA in these cases was suspected of being related to PTU because the titres of MPO - ANCA decreased when PTU was stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , there have been no studies on the temporal relationship between the appearance of MPO - ANCA and vasculitis during PTU therapy , or on the incidence of MPO - ANCA in untreated Graves ' disease patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we sought to address these parameters in patients with Graves ' disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS : We investigated 102 untreated patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves ' disease for the presence of MPO - ANCA , and for the development vasculitis after starting PTU therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperthyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - nine of them were later excluded because of adverse effects of PTU or because the observation period was less than 3 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The remaining 73 patients ( 55 women and 18 men ) , all of whom were examined for more than 3 months , were adopted as the subjects of the investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median observation period was 23 . 6 months ( range : 3 - 37 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS : MPO - ANCA was measured at intervals of 2 - 6 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Before treatment , the MPO - ANCA titres of all 102 untreated Graves ' disease patients were within the reference range ( below 10 U / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three ( 4 . 1 % ) of the 73 patients were positive for MPO - ANCA at 13 , 16 and 17 months , respectively , after the start of PTU therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two of them , the MPO - ANCA titres transiently increased to 12 . 8 and 15 . 0 U / ml , respectively , despite continued PTU therapy , but no vasculitic disorders developed .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "vasculitic disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the third patient , the MPO - ANCA titre increased to 204 U / ml and she developed a higher fever , oral ulcers and polyarthralgia , but the symptoms resolved 2 weeks after stopping PTU therapy , and the MPO - ANCA titre decreased to 20 . 7 U / ml by 4 months after discontinuing PTU .", "entity": [{"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 100]}, {"entity": "oral ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "polyarthralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 188]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : PTU therapy may be related to the appearance of MPO - ANCA , but MPO - ANCA does not appear to be closely related to vasculitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence of heart disease in asymptomatic chronic cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the prevalence of heart disease in outpatient young asymptomatic chronic cocaine users , 35 cocaine users and 32 age - matched controls underwent resting and exercise electrocardiography ( ECG ) and Doppler echocardiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 93]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Findings consistent with coronary artery disease were detected in 12 ( 34 % ) patients and 3 ( 9 % ) controls ( p = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased left ventricular systolic function was demonstrated in 5 ( 14 % ) patients , but in none of the controls ( p = 0 . 055 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , resting and peak exercise abnormal left ventricular filling was detected in 38 and 35 % of patients as compared to 19 and 9 % of controls , respectively ( p = 0 . 11 and 0 . 02 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormal left ventricular filling", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that coronary artery or myocardial disease is common ( 38 % ) in young asymptomatic chronic cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery or myocardial disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 54]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , screening ECG and echocardiography may be warranted in these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardioprotective effects of Picrorrhiza kurroa against isoproterenol - induced myocardial stress in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cardioprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa rhizomes and roots ( PK ) on isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction in rats with respect to lipid metabolism in serum and heart tissue has been investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral pre - treatment with PK ( 80 mg kg ( - 1 ) day ( - 1 ) for 15 days ) significantly prevented the isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction and maintained the rats at near normal status .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long - QT syndrome : direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "long - QT syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : This study examined the role of phase 2 early afterdepolarization ( EAD ) in producing a trigger to initiate torsade de pointes ( TdP ) with QT prolongation induced by dl - sotalol and azimilide .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "azimilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of transmural dispersion of repolarization ( TDR ) to transmural propagation of EAD and the maintenance of TdP was also evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Transmembrane action potentials from epicardium , midmyocardium , and endocardium were recorded simultaneously , together with a transmural ECG , in arterially perfused canine and rabbit left ventricular preparations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dl - Sotalol preferentially prolonged action potential duration ( APD ) in M cells dose - dependently ( 1 to 100 micromol / L ) , leading to QT prolongation and an increase in TDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azimilide , however , significantly prolonged APD and QT interval at concentrations from 0 . 1 to 10 micromol / L but shortened them at 30 micromol / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azimilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unlike dl - sotalol , azimilide ( > 3 micromol / L ) increased epicardial APD markedly , causing a diminished TDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "azimilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although both dl - sotalol and azimilide rarely induced EADs in canine left ventricles , they produced frequent EADs in rabbits , in which more pronounced QT prolongation was seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "azimilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in TDR by dl - sotalol facilitated transmural propagation of EADs that initiated multiple episodes of spontaneous TdP in 3 of 6 rabbit left ventricles .", "entity": [{"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of note , although azimilide ( 3 to 10 micromol / L ) increased APD more than dl - sotalol , its EADs often failed to propagate transmurally , probably because of a diminished TDR .", "entity": [{"entity": "azimilide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This study provides the first direct evidence from intracellular action potential recordings that phase 2 EAD can be generated from intact ventricular wall and produce a trigger to initiate the onset of TdP under QT prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [217, 220]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A pilot study to assess the safety of dobutamine stress echocardiography in the emergency department evaluation of cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE : Chest pain in the setting of cocaine use poses a diagnostic dilemma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dobutamine stress echocardiography ( DSE ) is a widely available and sensitive test for evaluating cardiac ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the theoretical concern regarding administration of dobutamine in the setting of cocaine use , we conducted a pilot study to assess the safety of DSE in emergency department patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 206]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A prospective case series was conducted in the intensive diagnostic and treatment unit in the ED of an urban tertiary - care teaching hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were eligible for DSE if they had used cocaine within 24 hours preceding the onset of chest pain and had a normal ECG and tropinin I level .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients exhibiting signs of continuing cocaine toxicity were excluded from the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were admitted to the hospital for serial testing after the DSE testing in the intensive diagnostic and treatment unit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Twenty - four patients were enrolled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients had inadequate resting images , one DSE was terminated because of inferior hypokinesis , another DSE was terminated because of a rate - related atrial conduction deficit , and 1 patient did not reach the target heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypokinesis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , 19 patients completed a DSE and reached their target heart rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "None of the patients experienced signs of exaggerated adrenergic response , which was defined as a systolic blood pressure of greater than 200 mm Hg or the occurrence of tachydysrhythmias ( excluding sinus tachycardia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tachydysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 187]}, {"entity": "sinus tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further suggesting lack of exaggerated adrenergic response , 13 ( 65 % ) of 20 patients required supplemental atropine to reach their target heart rates .", "entity": [{"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : No exaggerated adrenergic response was detected when dobutamine was administered to patients with cocaine - related chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prenatal cocaine exposure and cranial sonographic findings in preterm infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "preterm infants", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked with subependymal hemorrhage and the formation of cysts that are detectable on cranial sonography in neonates born at term .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "cysts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We sought to determine if prenatal cocaine exposure increases the incidence of subependymal cysts in preterm infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "subependymal cysts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 97]}, {"entity": "preterm infants", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and cranial sonograms obtained during a 1 - year period on 122 premature ( < 36 weeks of gestation ) infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "premature ( < 36 weeks of gestation ) infants", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infants were categorized into 1 of 2 groups : those exposed to cocaine and those not exposed to cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Infants were assigned to the cocaine - exposed group if there was a maternal history of cocaine abuse during pregnancy or if maternal or neonatal urine toxicology results were positive at the time of delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "cocaine abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Five of the 122 infants were excluded from the study because of insufficient medical and drug histories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of subependymal cysts in the 117 remaining infants was 14 % ( 16 of 117 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "subependymal cysts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of subependymal cysts in infants exposed to cocaine prenatally was 44 % ( 8 of 18 ) compared with 8 % ( 8 of 99 ) in the unexposed group ( p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "subependymal cysts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : We found an increased incidence of subependymal cyst formation in preterm infants who were exposed to cocaine prenatally .", "entity": [{"entity": "subependymal cyst", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "preterm infants", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result is consistent with results of similar studies in term infants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thalidomide neuropathy in patients treated for metastatic prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We prospectively evaluated thalidomide - induced neuropathy using electrodiagnostic studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty - seven men with metastatic androgen - independent prostate cancer in an open - label trial of oral thalidomide underwent neurologic examinations and nerve conduction studies ( NCS ) prior to and at 3 - month intervals during treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "NCS included recording of sensory nerve action potentials ( SNAPs ) from median , radial , ulnar , and sural nerves .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SNAP amplitudes for each nerve were expressed as the percentage of its baseline , and the mean of the four was termed the SNAP index .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 40 % decline in the SNAP index was considered clinically significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thalidomide was discontinued in 55 patients for lack of therapeutic response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 67 patients initially enrolled , 24 remained on thalidomide for 3 months , 8 remained at 6 months , and 3 remained at 9 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients developed neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical symptoms and a decline in the SNAP index occurred concurrently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Older age and cumulative dose were possible contributing factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropathy may thus be a common complication of thalidomide in older patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SNAP index can be used to monitor peripheral neuropathy , but not for early detection .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overexpression of copper / zinc - superoxide dismutase protects from kanamycin - induced hearing loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "zinc", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "kanamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "hearing loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The participation of reactive oxygen species in aminoglycoside - induced ototoxicity has been deduced from observations that aminoglycoside - iron complexes catalyze the formation of superoxide radicals in vitro and that antioxidants attenuate ototoxicity in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "ototoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "ototoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [244, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore hypothesized that overexpression of Cu / Zn - superoxide dismutase ( h - SOD1 ) should protect transgenic mice from ototoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "ototoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunocytochemistry confirmed expression of h - SOD1 in inner ear tissues of transgenic C57BL / 6 - TgN [ SOD1 ] 3Cje mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transgenic and nontransgenic littermates received kanamycin ( 400 mg / kg body weight / day ) for 10 days beginning on day 10 after birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "kanamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Auditory thresholds were tested by evoked auditory brain stem responses at 1 month after birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In nontransgenic animals , the threshold in the kanamycin - treated group was 45 - 50 dB higher than in saline - injected controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "kanamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the transgenic group , kanamycin increased the threshold by only 15 dB over the respective controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "kanamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects were similar at 12 and 24 kHz .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protection by overexpression of superoxide dismutase supports the hypothesis that oxidant stress plays a significant role in aminoglycoside - induced ototoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 143]}, {"entity": "ototoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results also suggest transgenic animals as suitable models to investigate the underlying mechanisms and possible strategies for prevention .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatty liver induced by tetracycline in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fatty liver", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - response relationships and effect of sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - response relationships , biochemical mechanisms , and sex differences in the experimental fatty liver induced by tetracycline were studied in the intact rat and with the isolated perfused rat liver in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty liver", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the intact male and female rat , no direct relationship was observed between dose of tetracycline and hepatic accumulation of triglyceride .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With provision of adequate oleic acid as a substrate for the isolated perfused liver , a direct relationship was observed between dose of tetracycline and both accumulation of triglyceride in the liver and depression of output of triglyceride by livers from male and female rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 188]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 216]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Marked differences were observed between female and male rats with regard to base line ( control ) hepatic concentration of triglyceride and output of triglyceride .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accumulation of hepatic triglyceride , as a per cent of control values , in response to graded doses of tetracycline , did not differ significantly between male , female and pregnant rat livers .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , livers from female , and especially pregnant female rats , were strikingly resistant to the effects of tetracycline on depression of output of triglyceride under these experimental conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These differences between the sexes could not be related to altered disposition of tetracycline or altered uptake of oleic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "oleic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depressed hepatic secretion of triglyceride accounted only for 30 to 50 % of accumulated hepatic triglyceride , indicating that additional mechanisms must be involved in the production of the triglyceride - rich fatty liver in response to tetracycline .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 204]}, {"entity": "fatty liver", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [212, 223]}, {"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prednisone induces anxiety and glial cerebral changes in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess whether prednisone ( PDN ) produces anxiety and / or cerebral glial changes in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Male Wistar rats were studied and 3 groups were formed ( 8 rats per group ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The moderate - dose group received 5 mg / kg / day PDN released from a subcutaneous implant .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the high - dose group , implants containing PDN equivalent to 60 mg / kg / day were applied .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the control group implants contained no PDN .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anxiety was assessed using an open field and elevated plus - maze devices .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of cells and cytoplasmic transformation of astrocytes and microglia cells were assessed by immunohistochemical analyses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Anxiety was documented in both groups of PDN treated rats compared with controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnitude of transformation of the microglia assessed by the number of intersections was significantly higher in the PDN groups than in controls in the prefrontal cortex ( moderate - dose , 24 . 1 ; high - dose , 23 . 6 ; controls 18 . 7 ; p < 0 . 01 ) and striatum ( moderate - dose 25 . 6 ; high - dose 26 . 3 ; controls 18 . 9 ; p < 0 . 01 ) , but not in hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of stained microglia cells was significantly higher in the PDN treated groups in the prefrontal cortex than in controls ( moderate - dose , 29 . 1 ; high - dose , 28 . 4 ; control , 17 . 7 cells per field ; p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stained microglia cells were significantly more numerous striatum and hippocampus in the high - dose group compared to controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Subacute exposure to PDN induced anxiety and reactivity of microglia .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relevance of these features for patients using PDN remains to be elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phase II study of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The activity of the combination of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin was tested in a Phase II study of patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "cervical carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The combination of carboplatin ( area under the concentration curve [ AUC ] , 5 ) and liposomal doxorubicin ( Doxil ; starting dose , 40 mg / m ( 2 ) ) was administered intravenously every 28 days to 37 patients with recurrent squamous cell cervical carcinoma to determine antitumor activity and toxicity profile .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "Doxil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 125]}, {"entity": "squamous cell cervical carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [237, 269]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [306, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Twenty - nine patients were assessable for response , and 35 patients were assessable for toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall response rate was 38 % , the median time to response was 10 weeks , the median duration of response was 26 weeks , and the median survival was 37 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main toxic effect was myelosuppression , with Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia in 16 patients , anemia in 12 patients , thrombocytopenia in 11 patients , and neutropenic fever in 3 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "myelosuppression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "neutropenic fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four patients had five infusion - related reactions during the infusion of liposomal doxorubicin , leading to treatment discontinuation in three patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grade > or = 2 nonhematologic toxicity included nausea in 17 patients , emesis in 14 patients , fatigue in 9 patients , mucositis and / or stomatitis in 8 patients , constipation in 6 patients , weight loss in 5 patients , hand - foot syndrome in 2 patients , and skin reactions in 3 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "emesis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "mucositis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "constipation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 178]}, {"entity": "weight loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "hand - foot syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 243]}, {"entity": "skin reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [264, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The combination of carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin has modest activity in patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "cervical carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antimicrobial - induced mania ( antibiomania ) : a review of spontaneous reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "antibiomania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors reviewed reported cases of antibiotic - induced manic episodes by means of a MEDLINE and PsychLit search for reports of antibiotic - induced mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unpublished reports were requested from the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - one reports of antimicrobial - induced mania were found in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 6 cases implicating clarithromycin , 13 implicating isoniazid , and 1 case each implicating erythromycin and amoxicillin .", "entity": [{"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "amoxicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The WHO reported 82 cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , clarithromycin was implicated in 23 ( 27 . 6 % ) cases , ciprofloxacin in 12 ( 14 . 4 % ) cases , and ofloxacin in 10 ( 12 % ) cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "ofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cotrimoxazole , metronidazole , and erythromycin were involved in 15 reported manic episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cotrimoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "metronidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "erythromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cases reported by the FDA showed clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin to be the most frequently associated with the development of mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "ciprofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis of the data would not have demonstrated a significant statistical correlative risk and was therefore not undertaken .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients have an increased risk of developing mania while being treated with antimicrobials .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this is not a statistically significant risk , physicians must be aware of the effect and reversibility .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further research clearly is required to determine the incidence of antimicrobial - induced mania , the relative risk factors of developing an antimicrobial - induced manic episode among various demographic populations , and the incidence of patients who continue to have persistent affective disorders once the initial episode , which occurs while the patient is taking antibiotics , subsides .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors elected to name this syndrome \" antibiomania . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "antibiomania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levodopa - induced ocular dyskinesias in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ocular dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 37]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levodopa - induced ocular dyskinesias are very uncommon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "ocular dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Usually they occur simultaneously with limb peak - dose choreatic dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "choreatic dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on a patient with leftward and upward deviations of gaze during the peak effect of levodopa , and hypothesize that a severe dopaminergic denervation in the caudate nucleus is needed for the appearance of these levodopa - induce ocular dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 228]}, {"entity": "ocular dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [238, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of glyceryl trinitrate with diclofenac for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea : an open , randomized , cross - over trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyceryl trinitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary dysmenorrhea is a syndrome characterized by painful uterine contractility caused by a hypersecretion of endometrial prostaglandins ; non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs are the first choice for its treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that myometrial cells are also targets of the relaxant effects of nitric oxide ( NO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) , an NO donor , in the resolution of primary dysmenorrhea in comparison with diclofenac ( DCF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glyceryl trinitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 177]}, {"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 24 patients with the diagnosis of severe primary dysmenorrhea were studied during two consecutive menstrual cycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an open , cross - over , controlled design , patients were randomized to receive either DCF per os or GTN patches the first days of menses , when menstrual cramps became unendurable .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the subsequent cycle the other treatment was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients received up to 3 doses / day of 50 mg DCF or 2 . 5 mg / 24 h transdermal GTN for the first 3 days of the cycle , according to their needs .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The participants recorded menstrual symptoms and possible side - effects at different times ( 0 , 30 , 60 , 120 minutes ) after the first dose of medication on the first day of the cycle , with both drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference in pain intensity score ( DPI ) was the main outcome variable .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both treatments significantly reduced DPI by the 30th minute ( GTN , - 12 . 8 + / - 17 . 9 ; DCF , - 18 . 9 + / - 16 . 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , DCF continued to be effective in reducing pelvic pain for two hours , whereas GTN scores remained more or less stable after 30 min and significantly higher than those for DFC ( after one hour : GTN , - 12 . 8 + / - 17 . 9 ; DFC , - 18 . 9 + / - 16 . 6 and after two hours : GTN , - 23 . 7 + / - 20 . 5 ; DFC , - 59 . 7 + / - 17 . 9 , p = 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "pelvic pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [284, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low back pain was also relieved by both drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Low back pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Headache was significantly increased by GTN but not by DCF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight patients stopped using GTN because headache - - attributed to its use - - became intolerable .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings indicate that GTN has a reduced efficacy and tolerability by comparison with DCF in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "DCF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "dysmenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temocapril , a long - acting non - SH group angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , modulates glomerular injury in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "glomerular injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "puromycin aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 150]}, {"entity": "nephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic administration of temocapril , a long - acting non - SH group angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , reduced proteinuria , inhibited glomerular hypertrophy and prevented glomerulosclerosis in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) - induced nephrotic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 232]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [247, 265]}, {"entity": "puromycin aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 302]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 308]}, {"entity": "nephrotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [321, 330]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nephrosis was induced by injection of PAN ( 15mg / 100g body weight ) in male Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups were used , i ) the PAN group ( 14 ) , ii ) PAN / temocapril ( 13 ) , iii ) temocapril ( 14 ) and iv ) untreated controls ( 15 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temocapril ( 8 mg / kg / day ) was administered to the rats which were killed at weeks 4 , 14 or 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At each time point , systolic blood pressure ( BP ) , urinary protein excretion and renal histopathological findings were evaluated , and morphometric image analysis was done .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systolic BP in the PAN group was significantly high at 4 , 14 and 20 weeks , but was normal in the PAN / temocapril group .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urinary protein excretion in the PAN group increased significantly , peaking at 8 days , then decreased at 4 weeks , but rose again significantly at 14 and 20 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temocapril did not attenuate proteinuria at 8 days , but it did markedly lower it from weeks 4 to 20 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glomerulosclerosis index ( GSI ) was 6 . 21 % at 4 weeks and respectively 25 . 35 % and 30 . 49 % at 14 and 20 weeks in the PAN group .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant correlation between urinary protein excretion and GSI ( r = 0 . 808 , p < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of glomerular tuft area to the area of Bowman ' s capsules ( GT / BC ) in the PAN group was significantly increased , but it was significantly lower in the PAN / temocapril group .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}, {"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It appears that temocapril was effective in retarding renal progression and protected renal function in PAN neprotic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "temocapril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "neprotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary hypertension after ibuprofen prophylaxis in very preterm infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pulmonary hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report three cases of severe hypoxaemia after ibuprofen administration during a randomised controlled trial of prophylactic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in premature infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoxaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "patent ductus arteriosus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Echocardiography showed severely decreased pulmonary blood flow .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypoxaemia resolved quickly on inhaled nitric oxide therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypoxaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that investigators involved in similar trials pay close attention to pulmonary pressure if hypoxaemia occurs after prophylactic administration of ibuprofen .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoxaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyponatremia and syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone reported with the use of Vincristine : an over - representation of Asians ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 66]}, {"entity": "Vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : This retrospective study used a pharmaceutical company ' s global safety database to determine the reporting rate of hyponatremia and / or syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti - diuretic hormone ( SIADH ) among vincristine - treated patients and to explore the possibility of at - risk population subgroups .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 139]}, {"entity": "syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti - diuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 211]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [214, 219]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : We searched the Eli Lilly and Company ' s computerized adverse event database for all reported cases of hyponatremia and / or SIADH as of 1 November 1999 that had been reported during the use of vincristine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 76 cases of hyponatremia and / or SIADH associated with vincristine use were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall reporting rate was estimated to be 1 . 3 / 100 , 000 treated patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average age of patients was 35 . 6 + / - 28 . 3 years , and 62 % were males .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Approximately 75 % of the patients were receiving treatment for leukemia or lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the 39 reports that included information on race , the racial distribution was : 1 Black , 3 Caucasian , and 35 Asian .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that Asian patients may be at increased risk of hyponatremia and / or SIADH associated with vincristine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the overall reported rate of SIADH associated with vincristine is very low , physicians caring for Asian oncology patients should be aware of this potential serious but reversible adverse event .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delayed toxicity of cyclophosphamide on the bladder of DBA / 2 and C57BL / 6 female mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study describes the delayed development of a severe bladder pathology in a susceptible strain of mice ( DBA / 2 ) but not in a resistant strain ( C57BL / 6 ) when both were treated with a single 300 mg / kg dose of cyclophosphamide ( CY ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 243]}, {"entity": "CY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inbred DBA / 2 and C57BL / 6 female mice were injected with CY , and the effect of the drug on the bladder was assessed during 100 days by light microscopy using different staining procedures , and after 30 days by conventional electron microscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "CY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early CY toxicity caused a typical haemorrhagic cystitis in both strains that was completely repaired in about 7 - 10 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "CY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 8]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "haemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 30 days of CY injection ulcerous and non - ulcerous forms of chronic cystitis appeared in 86 % of DBA / 2 mice but only in 4 % of C57BL / 6 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "CY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delayed cystitis was characterized by infiltration and transepithelial passage into the lumen of inflammatory cells and by frequent exfoliation of the urothelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mast cells appeared in the connective and muscular layers of the bladder at a much higher number in DBA / 2 mice than in C57BL / 6 mice or untreated controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopy disclosed the absence of the typical discoidal vesicles normally present in the cytoplasm of surface cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , numerous abnormal vesicles containing one or several dark granules were observed in the cytoplasm of cells from all the epithelial layers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delayed cystitis still persisted in DBA / 2 mice 100 days after treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that delayed toxicity of CY in female DBA / 2 mice causes a bladder pathology that is not observed in C57BL / 6 mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "CY", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This pathology resembles interstitial cystitis in humans and could perhaps be used as an animal model for studies on the disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "interstitial cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - dose 5 - fluorouracil / folinic acid in combination with three - weekly mitomycin C in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "folinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "mitomycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A phase II study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The 24 - hour continuous infusion of 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) and folinic acid ( FA ) as part of several new multidrug chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastric cancer ( AGC ) has shown to be effective , with low toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "folinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "gastric cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "AGC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a previous phase II study with 3 - weekly bolus 5 - FU , FA and mitomycin C ( MMC ) we found a low toxicity rate and response rates comparable to those of regimens such as ELF , FAM or FAMTX , and a promising median overall survival .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "mitomycin C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to improve this MMC - dependent schedule we initiated a phase II study with high - dose 5 - FU / FA and 3 - weekly bolus MMC .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : From February , 1998 to September , 2000 we recruited 33 patients with AGC to receive weekly 24 - hour 5 - FU 2 , 600 mg / m ( 2 ) preceded by 2 - hour FA 500 mg / m ( 2 ) for 6 weeks , followed by a 2 - week rest period .", "entity": [{"entity": "AGC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 97]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 132]}, {"entity": "FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bolus MMC 10 mg / m ( 2 ) was added in 3 - weekly intervals .", "entity": [{"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment given on an outpatient basis , using portable pump systems , was repeated on day 57 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients ' characteristics were : male / female ratio 20 / 13 ; median age 57 ( 27 - 75 ) years ; median WHO status 1 ( 0 - 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18 patients had a primary AGC , and 15 showed a relapsed AGC .", "entity": [{"entity": "AGC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "AGC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median follow - up was 11 . 8 months ( range of those surviving : 2 . 7 - 11 . 8 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : 32 patients were evaluable for response - complete remission 9 . 1 % ( n = 3 ) , partial remission 45 . 5 % ( n = 15 ) , no change 27 . 3 % ( n = 9 ) , progressive disease 15 . 1 % ( n = 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median overall survival time was 10 . 2 months [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 8 . 7 - 11 . 6 ] , and median progression - free survival time was 7 . 6 months ( 95 % CI : 4 . 4 - 10 . 9 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The worst toxicities ( % ) observed were ( CTC - NCI 1 / 2 / 3 ) : leukopenia 45 . 5 / 18 . 2 / 6 . 1 , thrombocytopenia 33 . 3 / 9 . 1 / 6 . 1 , vomitus 24 . 2 / 9 . 1 / 0 , diarrhea 36 . 4 / 6 . 1 / 3 . 0 , stomatitis 18 . 2 / 9 . 1 / 0 , hand - foot syndrome 12 . 1 / 0 / 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "leukopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "vomitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 183]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [209, 219]}, {"entity": "hand - foot syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [241, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients developed hemolytic - uremic syndrome ( HUS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic - uremic syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 50]}, {"entity": "HUS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : High - dose 5 - FU / FA / MMC is an effective and well - tolerated outpatient regimen for AGC ( objective response rate 54 . 6 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "FA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}, {"entity": "MMC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "AGC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may serve as an alternative to cisplatin - containing regimens ; however , it has to be considered that possibly HUS may occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "HUS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Persistent sterile leukocyturia is associated with impaired renal function in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected children treated with indinavir .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "impaired renal function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 124]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Prolonged administration of indinavir is associated with the occurrence of a variety of renal complications in adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These well - documented side effects have restricted the use of this potent protease inhibitor in children .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : A prospective study to monitor indinavir - related nephrotoxicity in a cohort of 30 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected children treated with indinavir .", "entity": [{"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 139]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Urinary pH , albumin , creatinine , the presence of erythrocytes , leukocytes , bacteria and crystals , and culture were analyzed every 3 months for 96 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum creatinine levels were routinely determined at the same time points .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steady - state pharmacokinetics of indinavir were done at week 4 after the initiation of indinavir .", "entity": [{"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The cumulative incidence of persistent sterile leukocyturia ( > or = 75 cells / micro L in at least 2 consecutive visits ) after 96 weeks was 53 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Persistent sterile leukocyturia was frequently associated with a mild increase in the urine albumin / creatinine ratio and by microscopic hematuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "hematuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative incidence of serum creatinine levels > 50 % above normal was 33 % after 96 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with persistent sterile leukocyturia more frequently had serum creatinine levels of 50 % above normal than those children without persistent sterile leukocyturia .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In children younger than 5 . 6 years , persistent sterile leukocyturia was significantly more frequent than in older children .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A higher cumulative incidence of persistent leukocyturia was found in children with an area under the curve > 19 mg / L x h or a peak serum level of indinavir > 12 mg / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 4 children , indinavir was discontinued because of nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequently , the serum creatinine levels decreased , the urine albumin / creatinine ratios returned to zero , and the leukocyturia disappeared within 3 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Children treated with indinavir have a high cumulative incidence of persistent sterile leukocyturia .", "entity": [{"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children with persistent sterile leukocyturia more frequently had an increase in serum creatinine levels of > 50 % above normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Younger children have an additional risk for renal complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impairment of the renal function in these children occurred in the absence of clinical symptoms of nephrolithiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "impairment of the renal function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "nephrolithiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indinavir - associated nephrotoxicity must be monitored closely , especially in children with risk factors such as persistent sterile leukocyturia , age < 5 . 6 years , an area under the curve of indinavir > 19 mg / L x h , and a C ( max ) > 12 mg / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "leukocyturia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Utility of troponin I in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baseline electrocardiogram abnormalities and market elevations not associated with myocardial necrosis make accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction ( MI ) difficult in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 151]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 156]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponin sampling may offer greater diagnostic utility in these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess outcomes based on troponin positivity in patients with cocaine chest pain admitted for exclusion of MI .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Outcomes were examined in patients admitted for possible MI after cocaine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients underwent a rapid rule - in protocol that included serial sampling of creatine kinase ( CK ) , CK - MB , and cardiac troponin I ( cTnI ) over eight hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes included CK - MB MI ( CK - MB > or = 8 ng / mL with a relative index [ ( CK - MB x 100 ) / total CK ] > or = 4 , cardiac death , and significant coronary disease ( > or = 50 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "cardiac death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 135]}, {"entity": "coronary disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of the 246 admitted patients , 34 ( 14 % ) met CK - MB criteria for MI and 38 ( 16 % ) had cTnI elevations .", "entity": [{"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiography was performed in 29 of 38 patients who were cTnI - positive , with significant disease present in 25 ( 86 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of the four patients without significant disease who had cTnI elevations met CK - MB criteria for MI , and the other had a peak CK - MB level of 13 ng / mL .", "entity": [{"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivities , specificities , and positive and negative likelihood ratios for predicting cardiac death or significant disease were high for both CK - MB MI and cTnI and were not significantly different .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 104]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Most patients with cTnI elevations meet CK - MB criteria for MI , as well as have a high incidence of underlying significant disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponin appears to have an equivalent diagnostic accuracy compared with CK - MB for diagnosing necrosis in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain and suspected MI .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute interstitial nephritis due to nicergoline ( Sermion ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "interstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 28]}, {"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "Sermion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of acute interstitial nephritis ( AIN ) due to nicergoline ( Sermion ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "interstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "AIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Sermion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 50 - year - old patient admitted to our hospital for fever and acute renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before admission , he had been taking nicergoline and bendazac lysine due to retinal vein occlusion at ophthalmologic department .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "bendazac lysine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "retinal vein occlusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , he experienced intermittent fever and skin rash .", "entity": [{"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "skin rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On admission , clinical symptoms ( i . e . arthralgia and fever ) and laboratory findings ( i . e . eosinophilia and renal failure ) suggested AIN , and which was confirmed by pathologic findings on renal biopsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "arthralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "eosinophilia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "AIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lymphocyte transformation test demonstrated a positive result against nicergoline .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment was consisted of withdrawal of nicergoline and intravenous methylprednisolone , and his renal function was completely recovered .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "methylprednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first report of nicergoline - associated AIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicergoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "AIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicated by massive intestinal bleeding in a patient with chronic renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "chronic renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A patient with chronic renal failure ( CRF ) developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS ) after administration of risperidone and levomepromazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 85]}, {"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "levomepromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to the typical symptoms of NMS , massive intestinal bleeding was observed during the episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report suggests that NMS in a patient with CRF may be complicated by intestinal bleeding and needs special caution for this complication .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "CRF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood brain barrier in right - and left - pawed female rats assessed by a new staining method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The asymmetrical breakdown of the blood - brain barrier ( BBB ) was studied in female rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paw preference was assessed by a food reaching test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adrenaline - induced hypertension was used to destroy the BBB , which was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium ( TTC ) staining of the brain slices just after giving adrenaline for 30 s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "triphenyltetrazolium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "TTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal rats , the whole brain sections exhibited complete staining with TTC .", "entity": [{"entity": "TTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adrenaline infusion for 30 s , there were large unstained areas in the left brain in right - pawed animals , and vice versa in left - pawed animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained in seizure - induced breakdown of BBB .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results were explained by an asymmetric cerebral blood flow depending upon the paw preference in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was suggested that this new method and the results are consistent with contralateral motor control that may be important in determining the dominant cerebral hemisphere in animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carvedilol protects against doxorubicin - induced mitochondrial cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several cytopathic mechanisms have been suggested to mediate the dose - limiting cumulative and irreversible cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key factors in the pathogenic process .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that carvedilol , a nonselective beta - adrenergic receptor antagonist with potent antioxidant properties , protects against the cardiac and hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction associated with subchronic doxorubicin toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 289]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [290, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart and liver mitochondria were isolated from rats treated for 7 weeks with doxorubicin ( 2 mg / kg sc / week ) , carvedilol ( 1 mg / kg ip / week ) , or the combination of the two drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart mitochondria isolated from doxorubicin - treated rats exhibited depressed rates for state 3 respiration ( 336 + / - 26 versus 425 + / - 53 natom O / min / mg protein ) and a lower respiratory control ratio ( RCR ) ( 4 . 3 + / - 0 . 6 versus 5 . 8 + / - 0 . 4 ) compared with cardiac mitochondria isolated from saline - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial calcium - loading capacity and the activity of NADH - dehydrogenase were also suppressed in cardiac mitochondria from doxorubicin - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin treatment also caused a decrease in RCR for liver mitochondria ( 3 . 9 + / - 0 . 9 versus 5 . 6 + / - 0 . 7 for control rats ) and inhibition of hepatic cytochrome oxidase activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coadministration of carvedilol decreased the extent of cellular vacuolization in cardiac myocytes and prevented the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on mitochondrial respiration in both heart and liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carvedilol also prevented the decrease in mitochondrial Ca ( 2 + ) loading capacity and the inhibition of the respiratory complexes of heart mitochondria caused by doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 58]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carvedilol by itself did not affect any of the parameters measured for heart or liver mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that this protection by carvedilol against both the structural and functional cardiac tissue damage may afford significant clinical advantage in minimizing the dose - limiting mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy that accompanies long - term doxorubicin therapy in cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 217]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [222, 236]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 277]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [289, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine - induced hyperactivity is more influenced by adenosine receptor agonists than amphetamine - induced hyperactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on cocaine - and amphetamine - induced hyperactivity was examined in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All adenosine receptor agonists significantly decreased the locomotor activity in mice , and the effects were dose - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "decreased the locomotor activity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It seems that adenosine A1 and A2 receptors might be involved in this reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , all adenosine receptor agonists : 2 - p - ( 2 - carboxyethyl ) phenethylamino - 5 ' - N - ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ( CGS 21680 ) , A2A receptor agonist , N6 - cyclopentyladenosine ( CPA ) , A1 receptor agonist , and 5 ' - N - ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ( NECA ) , A2 / A1 receptor agonist significantly and dose - dependently decreased cocaine - induced locomotor activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "2 - p - ( 2 - carboxyethyl ) phenethylamino - 5 ' - N - ethylcarboxamidoadenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 126]}, {"entity": "CGS 21680", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "N6 - cyclopentyladenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 191]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 197]}, {"entity": "5 ' - N - ethylcarboxamidoadenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 263]}, {"entity": "NECA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [266, 270]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [347, 354]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CPA reduced cocaine action at the doses which , given alone , did not influence motility , while CGS 21680 and NECA decreased the action of cocaine at the doses which , given alone , decreased locomotor activity in animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "CGS 21680", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "NECA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest the involvement of both adenosine receptors in the action of cocaine although agonists of A1 receptors seem to have stronger influence on it .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective blockade of A2 adenosine receptor by DMPX ( 3 , 7 - dimethyl - 1 - propargylxanthine ) significantly enhanced cocaine - induced locomotor activity of animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "DMPX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "3 , 7 - dimethyl - 1 - propargylxanthine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 98]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine had similar action but the effect was not significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CPT ( 8 - cyclopentyltheophylline ) - - A1 receptor antagonist , did not show any influence in this test .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "8 - cyclopentyltheophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , all adenosine receptor agonists decreased amphetamine - induced hyperactivity , but at the higher doses than those which were active in cocaine - induced hyperactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective blockade of A2 adenosine receptors ( DMPX ) and non - selective blockade of adenosine receptors ( caffeine ) significantly increased the action of amphetamine in the locomotor activity test .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "DMPX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results have shown that all adenosine receptor agonists ( A1 and A2 ) reduce cocaine - and amphetamine - induced locomotor activity and indicate that cocaine - induced hyperactivity is more influenced by adenosine receptor agonists ( particularly A1 receptors ) than amphetamine - induced hyperactivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 161]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 185]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 282]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [293, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone and the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring permanent pacemaker in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and prior myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 117]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) increases the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "AF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 123]}, {"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Reports of severe bradyarrhythmia during amiodarone therapy are infrequent and limited to studies assessing the therapy ' s use in the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "ventricular arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A study cohort of 8 , 770 patients age > or = 65 years with a new diagnosis of AF was identified from a provincewide database of Quebec residents with a myocardial infarction ( MI ) between 1991 and 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "AF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 184]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using a nested case - control design , 477 cases of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker were matched ( 1 : 4 ) to 1 , 908 controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio ( OR ) of pacemaker insertion associated with amiodarone use , controlling for baseline risk factors and exposure to sotalol , Class I antiarrhythmic agents , beta - blockers , calcium channel blockers , and digoxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 254]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : amiodarone use was associated with an increased risk of pacemaker insertion ( OR : 2 . 14 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1 . 30 to 3 . 54 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was modified by gender , with a greater risk in women versus men ( OR : 3 . 86 , 95 % CI : 1 . 70 to 8 . 75 vs . OR : 1 . 52 , 95 % CI : 0 . 80 to 2 . 89 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digoxin was the only other medication associated with an increased risk of pacemaker insertion ( OR : 1 . 78 , 95 % CI : 1 . 37 to 2 . 31 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : This study suggests that the use of amiodarone in elderly patients with AF and a previous MI increases the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring a permanent pacemaker .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "AF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 106]}, {"entity": "bradyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The finding of an augmented risk of pacemaker insertion in elderly women receiving amiodarone requires further investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indomethacin - induced morphologic changes in the rat urinary bladder epithelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the morphologic changes in rat urothelium induced by indomethacin .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug - induced cystitis is a poorly recognized and under - reported condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to tiaprofenic acid , indomethacin has been reported to be associated with this condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "tiaprofenic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Three groups were established : a control group ( n = 10 ) , a high - dose group ( n = 10 ) , treated with one intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin 20 mg / kg , and a therapeutic dose group ( n = 10 ) in which oral indomethacin was administered 3 . 25 mg / kg body weight daily for 3 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were then killed and the bladders removed for light and electron microscopic studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The light microscopic findings showed some focal epithelial degeneration that was more prominent in the high - dose group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When compared with the control group , both indomethacin groups revealed statistically increased numbers of mast cells in the mucosa ( P < 0 . 0001 ) and penetration of lanthanum nitrate through intercellular areas of the epithelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "lanthanum nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the difference in mast cell counts between the high and therapeutic dose groups was also statistically significant ( P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Indomethacin resulted in histopathologic findings typical of interstitial cystitis , such as leaky bladder epithelium and mucosal mastocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "interstitial cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 96]}, {"entity": "mastocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The true incidence of nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug - induced cystitis in humans must be clarified by prospective clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An open - label phase II study of low - dose thalidomide in androgen - independent prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiangiogenic effects of thalidomide have been assessed in clinical trials in patients with various solid and haematological malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "haematological malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thalidomide blocks the activity of angiogenic agents including bFGF , VEGF and IL - 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We undertook an open - label study using thalidomide 100 mg once daily for up to 6 months in 20 men with androgen - independent prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean time of study was 109 days ( median 107 , range 4 - 184 days ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients underwent regular measurement of prostate - specific antigen ( PSA ) , urea and electrolytes , serum bFGF and VEGF .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three men ( 15 % ) showed a decline in serum PSA of at least 50 % , sustained throughout treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 16 men treated for at least 2 months , six ( 37 . 5 % ) showed a fall in absolute PSA by a median of 48 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing levels of serum bFGF and VEGF were associated with progressive disease ; five of six men who demonstrated a fall in PSA also showed a decline in bFGF and VEGF levels , and three of four men with a rising PSA showed an increase in both growth factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse effects included constipation , morning drowsiness , dizziness and rash , and resulted in withdrawal from the study by three men .", "entity": [{"entity": "constipation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "drowsiness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence of peripheral sensory neuropathy was found in nine of 13 men before treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral sensory neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the seven men who completed six months on thalidomide , subclinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy was found in four before treatment , but in all seven at repeat testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings indicate that thalidomide may be an option for patients who have failed other forms of therapy , provided close follow - up is maintained for development of peripheral neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central nervous system toxicity following the administration of levobupivacaine for lumbar plexus block : A report of two cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central nervous system toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 31]}, {"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Central nervous system and cardiac toxicity following the administration of local anesthetics is a recognized complication of regional anesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Central nervous system and cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levobupivacaine , the pure S ( - ) enantiomer of bupivacaine , was developed to improve the cardiac safety profile of bupivacaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe 2 cases of grand mal seizures following accidental intravascular injection of levobupivacaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "grand mal seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE REPORT : Two patients presenting for elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limb underwent blockade of the lumbar plexus via the posterior approach .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immediately after the administration of levobupivacaine 0 . 5 % with epinephrine 2 . 5 microgram / mL , the patients developed grand mal seizures , despite negative aspiration for blood and no clinical signs of intravenous epinephrine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "grand mal seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 145]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seizures were successfully treated with sodium thiopental in addition to succinylcholine in 1 patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "sodium thiopental", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither patient developed signs of cardiovascular toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both patients were treated preoperatively with beta - adrenergic antagonist medications , which may have masked the cardiovascular signs of the unintentional intravascular administration of levobupivacaine with epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 205]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although levobupivacaine may have a safer cardiac toxicity profile than racemic bupivacaine , if adequate amounts of levobupivacaine reach the circulation , it will result in convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 72]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [189, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma concentrations sufficient to result in central nervous system toxicity did not produce manifestations of cardiac toxicity in these 2 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "central nervous system toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 77]}, {"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone - induced torsade de pointes during bladder irrigation : an unusual presentation - - a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors present a case of early ( within 4 days ) development of torsade de pointes ( TdP ) associated with oral amiodarone therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consistent with other reports this case of TdP occurred in the context of multiple exacerbating factors including hypokalemia and digoxin excess .", "entity": [{"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transient prolongation of the QT during bladder irrigation prompted the episode of TdP .", "entity": [{"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is well known that bradycardia exacerbates acquired TdP .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors speculate that the increased vagal tone during bladder irrigation , a vagal maneuver , in the context of amiodarone therapy resulted in amiodarone - induced proarrhythmia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 158]}, {"entity": "proarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the absence of amiodarone therapy , a second bladder irrigation did not induce TdP despite hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "hypomagnesemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anaesthetic complications associated with myotonia congenita : case study and comparison with other myotonic disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonia congenita", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "myotonic disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonia congenita ( MC ) is caused by a defect in the skeletal muscle chloride channel function , which may cause sustained membrane depolarisation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonia congenita", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "MC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "sustained membrane depolarisation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a previously healthy 32 - year - old woman who developed a life - threatening muscle spasm and secondary ventilation difficulties following a preoperative injection of suxamethonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The muscle spasms disappeared spontaneously and the surgery proceeded without further problems .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle spasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When subsequently questioned , she reported minor symptoms suggesting a myotonic condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic condition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonia was found on clinical examination and EMG .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis MC was confirmed genetically .", "entity": [{"entity": "MC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither the patient nor the anaesthetist were aware of the diagnosis before this potentially lethal complication occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We give a brief overview of ion channel disorders including malignant hyperthermia and their anaesthetic considerations .", "entity": [{"entity": "ion channel disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "malignant hyperthermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Respiratory pattern in a rat model of epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Apnea is known to occur during seizures , but systematic studies of ictal respiratory changes in adults are few .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data regarding respiratory pattern defects during interictal periods also are scarce .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we sought to generate information with regard to the interictal period in animals with pilocarpine - induced epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Twelve rats ( six chronically epileptic animals and six controls ) were anesthetized , given tracheotomies , and subjected to hyperventilation or hypoventilation conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "hyperventilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Breathing movements caused changes in thoracic volume and forced air to flow tidally through a pneumotachograph .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This flow was measured by using a differential pressure transducer , passed through a polygraph , and from this to a computer with custom software that derived ventilation ( VE ) , tidal volume ( VT ) , inspiratory time ( TI ) , expiratory time ( TE ) , breathing frequency ( f ) , and mean inspiratory flow ( VT / TI ) on a breath - by - breath basis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The hyperventilation maneuver caused a decrease in spontaneous ventilation in pilocarpine - treated and control rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperventilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although VE had a similar decrease in both groups , in the epileptic group , the decrease in VE was due to a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) increase in TE peak in relation to that of the control animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypoventilation maneuver led to an increase in the arterial Paco2 , followed by an increase in VE .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the epileptic group , the increase in VE was mediated by a significant ( p < 0 . 05 ) decrease in TE peak compared with the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic application of KCN , to evaluate the effects of peripheral chemoreception activation on ventilation , led to a similar increase in VE for both groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The data indicate that pilocarpine - treated animals have an altered ability to react to ( or compensate for ) blood gas changes with changes in ventilation and suggest that it is centrally determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate on the possible relation of the current findings on treating different epilepsy - associated conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatal myeloencephalopathy due to intrathecal vincristine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "myeloencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 25]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vincristine was accidentally given intrathecally to a child with leukaemia , producing sensory and motor dysfunction followed by encephalopathy and death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "sensory and motor dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 116]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Separate times for administering vincristine and intrathecal therapy is recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progesterone potentiation of bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in pentobarbital - anesthetized rats and beating rat heart cell cultures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of progesterone treatment on bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in beating rat heart myocyte cultures and on anesthetized rats were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After determining the bupivacaine AD50 ( the concentration of bupivacaine that caused 50 % of all beating rat heart myocyte cultures to become arrhythmic ) , we determined the effect of 1 - hour progesterone HCl exposure on myocyte contractile rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "arrhythmic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each concentration of progesterone ( 6 . 25 , 12 . 5 , 25 , and 50 micrograms / ml ) caused a significant and concentration - dependent reduction in the AD50 for bupivacaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estradiol treatment also increased the arrhythmogenicity of bupivacaine in myocyte cultures , but was only one fourth as potent as progesterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither progesterone nor estradiol effects on bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity were potentiated by epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic progesterone pretreatment ( 5 mg / kg / day for 21 days ) caused a significant increase in bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity in intact pentobarbital - anesthetized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant decrease in the time to onset of arrhythmia as compared with control nonprogesterone - treated rats ( 6 . 2 + / - 1 . 3 vs . 30 . 8 + / - 2 . 5 min , mean + / - SE ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of this study indicate that progesterone can potentiate bupivacaine arrhythmogenicity both in vivo and in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "progesterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Potentiation of bupivacaine arrhythmia in myocyte cultures suggests that this effect is at least partly mediated at the myocyte level .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased serum soluble Fas in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 64]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND / AIMS : Experimental studies have suggested that apoptosis via the Fas / Fas Ligand signaling system may play an important role in the development of acute liver failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the study was to investigate the soluble form of Fas in patients with acute liver failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODOLOGY : Serum levels of sFas ( soluble Fas ) were measured by ELISA in 24 patients with acute liver failure and 10 normal control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interferon - gamma were also determined by ELISA .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Serum sFas was significantly increased in patients with acute liver failure ( median , 26 . 8 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 52 . 7 U / mL ) compared to the normal controls ( median , 8 . 6 U / mL ; range , 6 . 5 - 12 . 0 U / mL , P < 0 . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levels were significantly greater in patients with acute liver failure due to paracetamol overdose ( median , 28 . 7 U / mL ; range , 12 . 8 - 52 . 7 U / mL , n = 17 ) than those due to non - A to E hepatitis ( median , 12 . 5 U / mL ; range , 6 . 9 - 46 . 0 U / mL , n = 7 , P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [199, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no relationship of sFas to eventual outcome in the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant correlation was observed between serum sFas levels and aspartate aminotransferase ( r = 0 . 613 , P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The increased concentration of sFas in serum of patients with acute liver failure may reflect activation of Fas - mediated apoptosis in the liver and this together with increased tumor necrosis factor - alpha may be an important factor in liver cell loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [193, 198]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) is known to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of advanced Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : We studied the effect of high frequency STN stimulation in 23 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Twenty - three patients suffering from severe Parkinson ' s disease ( Stages III - V on Hoehn and Yahr scale ) and , particularly bradykinesia , rigidity , and levodopa - induced dyskinesias underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the STN .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "bradykinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "rigidity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preoperative and postoperative assessments of these patients at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months follow - up , in \" on \" and \" off \" drug conditions , was carried out using Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale , Hoehn and Yahr staging , England activities of daily living score and video recordings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : After one year of electrical stimulation of the STN , the patients ' scores for activities of daily living and motor examination scores ( Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale parts II and III ) off medication improved by 62 % and 61 % respectively ( p < 0 . 0005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subscores for the akinesia , rigidity , tremor and gait also improved .", "entity": [{"entity": "akinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "rigidity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( p < 0 . 0005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average levodopa dose decreased from 813 mg to 359 mg .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cognitive functions remained unchanged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients developed device - related complications and two patients experienced abnormal weight gain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It reduces the severity of \" off \" phase symptoms , improves the axial symptoms and reduces levodopa requirements .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduction in the levodopa dose is useful in controlling drug - induced dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "drug - induced dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal failure occurring during intravenous desferrioxamine therapy : recovery after haemodialysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "desferrioxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A patient with transfusion - dependent thalassemia was undergoing home intravenous desferrioxamine ( DFX ) treatment by means of a totally implanted system because of his poor compliance with the nightly subcutaneous therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalassemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "desferrioxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "DFX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Due to an accidental malfunctioning of the infusion pump , the patient was inadvertently administered a toxic dosage of the drug which caused renal insufficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the progressive deterioration of the symptoms and of the laboratory values , despite adequate medical treatment , a decision was made to introduce haemodialytical therapy in order to remove the drug and therapy reduce the nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the results obtained , haemodialysis can therefore be suggested as a useful therapy in rare cases of progressive acute renal failure caused by desferrioxamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 137]}, {"entity": "desferrioxamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ocular motility changes after subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy for retinoblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Focal subtenon carboplatin injections have recently been used as a presumably toxicity - free adjunct to systemic chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To report our clinical experience with abnormal ocular motility in patients treated with subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormal ocular motility", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 75]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We noted abnormal ocular motility in 10 consecutive patients with retinoblastoma who had received subtenon carboplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormal ocular motility", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During ocular manipulation under general anesthesia , we assessed their eyes by forced duction testing , comparing ocular motility after tumor control with ocular motility at diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eyes subsequently enucleated because of treatment failure ( n = 4 ) were examined histologically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Limitation of ocular motility was detected in all 12 eyes of 10 patients treated for intraocular retinoblastoma with 1 to 6 injections of subtenon carboplatin as part of multimodality therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 121]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological examination revealed many lipophages in the periorbital fat surrounding the optic nerve in 1 eye , indicative of phagocytosis of previously existing fat cells and suggesting prior fat necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enucleations were technically difficult and hazardous for globe rupture because of extensive orbital soft tissue adhesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "rupture", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Subtenon carboplatin chemotherapy is associated with significant fibrosis of orbital soft tissues , leading to mechanical restriction of eye movements and making subsequent enucleation difficult .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subtenon carboplatin is not free of toxicity , and its use is best restricted to specific indications .", "entity": [{"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethambutol and optic neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To demonstrate the association between ethambutol and optic neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Thirteen patients who developed optic neuropathy after being treated with ethambutol for tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node at Siriraj Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were retrospectively reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "tuberculosis of the lung or lymph node", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical characteristics and initial and final visual acuity were analyzed to determine visual outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All patients had optic neuropathy between 1 to 6 months ( mean = 2 . 9 months ) after starting ethambutol therapy at a dosage ranging from 13 to 20 mg / kg / day ( mean = 17 mg / kg / day ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven ( 54 % ) of the 13 patients experienced visual recovery after stopping the drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 6 patients with irreversible visual impairment , 4 patients had diabetes mellitus , glaucoma and a history of heavy smoking .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 49]}, {"entity": "diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Early recognition of optic neuropathy should be considered in patients with ethambutol therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A low dose and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus , glaucoma or who are heavy smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 115]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of compensatory gustatory hyperhidrosis with topical glycopyrrolate .", "entity": [{"entity": "gustatory hyperhidrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gustatory hyperhidrosis is facial sweating usually associated with the eating of hot spicy food or even smelling this food .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gustatory hyperhidrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "sweating", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current options of treatment include oral anticholinergic drugs , the topical application of anticholinergics or aluminum chloride , and the injection of botulinum toxin .", "entity": [{"entity": "aluminum chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen patients have been treated to date with 1 . 5 % or 2 % topical glycopyrrolate .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis , which interfered with their social activities , after transthroacic endoscopic sympathectomy , and which was associated with compensatory focal hyperhidrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gustatory hyperhidrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "hyperhidrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After applying topical glycopyrrolate , the subjective effect was excellent ( no sweating after eating hot spicy food ) in 10 patients ( 77 % ) , and fair ( clearly reduced sweating ) in 3 patients ( 23 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "sweating", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "sweating", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All had reported incidents of being very embarrassed whilst eating hot spicy foods .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse effects included a mildly dry mouth and a sore throat in 2 patients ( 2 % glycopyrrolate ) , a light headache in 1 patient ( 1 . 5 % glycopyrrolate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dry mouth", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "sore throat", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The topical application of a glycopyrrolate pad appeared to be safe , efficacious , well tolerated , and a convenient method of treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of gustatory hyperhidrosis in post transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy patients , with few side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "glycopyrrolate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "gustatory hyperhidrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroleptic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Can it be treated with bromocriptine ?", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six stable psychiatric outpatients with hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / oligomenorrhea associated with their neuroleptic medications were treated with bromocriptine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "amenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "oligomenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic medications", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily dosages of 5 - 10 mg corrected the hyperprolactinemia and restored menstruation in four of the six patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One woman , however , developed worsened psychiatric symptoms while taking bromocriptine , and it was discontinued .", "entity": [{"entity": "psychiatric symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 61]}, {"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , three of six patients had their menstrual irregularity successfully corrected with bromocriptine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that bromocriptine should be further evaluated as potential therapy for neuroleptic - associated hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea / galactorrhea .", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 129]}, {"entity": "amenorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "galactorrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions and brain neurotransmitters in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethacrynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracerebroventricular injection of ethacrynic acid ( 50 % convulsive dose ; 50 micrograms / mouse ) accelerated the synthesis / turnover of 5 - hydroxytryptamine ( 5 - HT ) but suppressed the synthesis of gamma - aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in mouse brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethacrynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "5 - hydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 163]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 232]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were completely antagonized by pretreatment with a glutamate / N - methyl - D - aspartate antagonist , aminophosphonovaleric acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 103]}, {"entity": "aminophosphonovaleric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ethacrynic acid - induced convulsions , these neurotransmitter systems may be differentially modulated , probably through activation of glutaminergic neurons in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethacrynic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacology of gamma - aminobutyric acidA receptor complex after the in vivo administration of the anxioselective and anticonvulsant beta - carboline derivative abecarnil .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acidA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "beta - carboline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 150]}, {"entity": "abecarnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rodents , the effect of the beta - carboline derivative isopropyl - 6 - benzyloxy - 4 - methoxymethyl - beta - carboline - 3 - carboxylate ( abecarrnil ) , a new ligand for benzodiazepine receptors possessing anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties , was evaluated on the function of central gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) A receptor complex , both in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carboline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "isopropyl - 6 - benzyloxy - 4 - methoxymethyl - beta - carboline - 3 - carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 141]}, {"entity": "abecarrnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 190]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [296, 321]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [324, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Added in vitro to rat cortical membrane preparation , abecarnil increased [ 3H ] GABA binding , enhanced muscimol - stimulated 36Cl - uptake and reduced the binding of t - [ 35S ] butylbicyclophosphorothionate ( [ 35S ] TBPS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "abecarnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "muscimol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "t - [ 35S ] butylbicyclophosphorothionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 209]}, {"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were similar to those induced by diazepam , whereas the partial agonist Ro 16 - 6028 ( tert - butyl - ( S ) - 8 - bromo - 11 , 12 , 13 , 13a - tetrahydro - 9 - oxo - 9H - imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] - pyrrolo - [ 2 , 1 - c ] [ 1 , 4 ] benzodiazepine - 1 - carboxylate ) showed very weak efficacy in these biochemical tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "Ro 16 - 6028", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "tert - butyl - ( S ) - 8 - bromo - 11 , 12 , 13 , 13a - tetrahydro - 9 - oxo - 9H - imidazo [ 1 , 5 - a ] - pyrrolo - [ 2 , 1 - c ] [ 1 , 4 ] benzodiazepine - 1 - carboxylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After i . p . injection to rats , abecarnil and diazepam decreased in a time - dependent and dose - related ( 0 . 25 - 20 mg / kg i . p . ) manner [ 35S ] TBPS binding measured ex vivo in the cerebral cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "abecarnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , both drugs at the dose of 0 . 5 mg / kg antagonized completely the convulsant activity and the increase of [ 35S ] TBPS binding induced by isoniazide ( 350 mg / kg s . c . ) as well as the increase of [ 35S ] TBPS binding induced by foot - shock stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 130]}, {"entity": "isoniazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To better correlate the biochemical and the pharmacological effects , we studied the action of abecarnil on [ 35S ] TBPS binding , exploratory motility and on isoniazid - induced biochemical and pharmacological effects in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "abecarnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these animals , abecarnil produced a paralleled dose - dependent ( 0 . 05 - 1 mg / kg i . p . ) reduction of both motor behavior and cortical [ 35S ] TBPS binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "abecarnil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , 0 . 05 mg / kg of this beta - carboline reduced markedly the increase of [ 35S ] TBPS binding and the convulsions induced by isoniazid ( 200 mg / kg s . c . ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "beta - carboline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "[ 35S ] TBPS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent myocardial infarction in a postpartum patient receiving bromocriptine .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 31]}, {"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial infarction in puerperium is infrequently reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spasm , coronary dissection , or atheromatous etiology has been described .", "entity": [{"entity": "Spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bromocriptine has been implicated in several previous case reports of myocardial infarction in the puerperium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our case ( including an inadvertent rechallenge ) suggests such a relationship .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although generally regarded as \" safe , \" possible serious cardiac effects of bromocriptine should be acknowledged .", "entity": [{"entity": "bromocriptine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Asterixis induced by carbamazepine therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asterixis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are very few reports about asterixis as a side effect of treatment with psychopharmacologic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "asterixis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report we present four patients treated with a combination of different psychotropic drugs , in whom asterixis was triggered either by adding carbamazepine ( CBZ ) to a treatment regimen , or by increasing its dosage .", "entity": [{"entity": "asterixis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 163]}, {"entity": "CBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither dosage nor serum levels of CBZ were in a higher range .", "entity": [{"entity": "CBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We consider asterixis to be an easily overlooked sign of neurotoxicity , which may occur even at low or moderate dosage levels , if certain drugs as lithium or clozapine are used in combination with CBZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "asterixis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "CBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacodynamics of the hypotensive effect of levodopa in parkinsonian patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood pressure effects of i . v . levodopa were examined in parkinsonian patients with stable and fluctuating responses to levodopa .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The magnitude of the hypotensive effect of levodopa was concentration dependent and was fit to an Emax model in fluctuating responders .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable responders demonstrated a small hypotensive response .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baseline blood pressures were higher in fluctuating patients ; a higher baseline blood pressure correlated with greater hypotensive effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa temporally correlated with blood pressure changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylalanine , a large neutral amino acid ( LNAA ) competing with levodopa for transport across the blood - brain barrier , reduced the hypotensive and antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenylalanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that levodopa has a central hypotensive action that parallels the motor effects in fluctuating patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypotensive effect appears to be related to the higher baseline blood pressure we observed in fluctuating patients relative to stable patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after infusional vincristine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 59]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 77 - year - old woman with refractory multiple myeloma was treated with a 4 - day continuous intravenous infusion of vincristine and doxorubicin and 4 days of oral dexamethasone .", "entity": [{"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine days after her second cycle she presented with lethargy and weakness associated with hyponatremia .", "entity": [{"entity": "lethargy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation revealed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone , which was attributed to the vincristine infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 83]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After normal serum sodium levels returned , further doxorubicin and dexamethasone chemotherapy without vincristine did not produce this complication .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart failure : to digitalise or not ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The view against .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite extensive clinical experience the role of digoxin is still not well defined .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with atrial fibrillation digoxin is beneficial for ventricular rate control .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 36]}, {"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For patients in sinus rhythm and heart failure the situation is less clear .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic : toxic ratio and concentrations are affected by a number of drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , digoxin has undesirable effects such as increasing peripheral resistance and myocardial demands , and causing arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a paucity of data from well - designed trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trials that are available are generally small with limitations in design and these show variation in patient benefit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More convincing evidence is required showing that digoxin improves symptoms or exercise capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , no trial has had sufficient power to evaluate mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pooled analysis of the effects of other inotropic drugs shows an excess mortality and there is a possibility that digoxin may increase mortality after myocardial infarction ( MI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 172]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors should be used first as they are safer , do not require blood level monitoring , modify progression of disease , relieve symptoms , improve exercise tolerance and reduce mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caution should be exercised in using digoxin until large mortality trials are completed showing either benefit or harm .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Until then digoxin should be considered a third - line therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "digoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isradipine treatment for hypertension in general practice in Hong Kong .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isradipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 6 - week open study of the introduction of isradipine treatment was conducted in general practice in Hong Kong .", "entity": [{"entity": "isradipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "303 Chinese patients with mild to moderate hypertension entered the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Side effects were reported in 21 % of patients and caused withdrawal from the study in 3 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main side - effects were headache , dizziness , palpitation and flushing and these were not more frequent than reported in other studies with isradipine or with placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "palpitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "flushing", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "isradipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Supine blood pressure was reduced ( P less than 0 . 01 ) from 170 + / - 20 / 102 + / - 6 mmHg to 153 + / - 19 / 92 + / - 8 , 147 + / - 18 / 88 + / - 7 and 144 + / - 14 / 87 + / - 6 mmHg at 2 , 4 and 6 weeks respectively in evaluable patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar reductions occurred in standing blood pressure and there was no evidence of postural hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "postural hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normalization and responder rates at 6 weeks were 86 % and 69 % respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dosage was increased from 2 . 5 mg b . d . to 5 mg b . d . at 4 weeks in patients with diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg and their further response was greater than those remaining on 2 . 5 mg b . d .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological characteristics and side effects of a new galenic formulation of propofol without soyabean oil .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics and safety profile of a new galenic formulation of propofol ( AM149 1 % ) , which does not contain soyabean oil , with a standard formulation of propofol ( Disoprivan 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 205]}, {"entity": "Disoprivan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a randomised , double - blind , cross - over study , 30 healthy volunteers received a single intravenous bolus injection of 2 . 5 mg . kg - 1 propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma propofol levels were measured for 48 h following drug administration and evaluated according to a three - compartment model .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacodynamic parameters assessed included induction and emergence times , respiratory and cardiovascular effects , and pain on injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were monitored for side effects over 48 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Owing to a high incidence of thrombophlebitis , the study was terminated prematurely and only the data of the two parallel treatment groups ( 15 patients in each group ) were analysed .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombophlebitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the two formulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anaesthesia induction and emergence times , respiratory and cardiovascular variables showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pain on injection ( 80 vs . 20 % , p < 0 . 01 ) and thrombophlebitis ( 93 . 3 vs . 6 . 6 % , p < 0 . 001 ) occurred more frequently with AM149 than with Disoprivan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "thrombophlebitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "Disoprivan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although both formulations had similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles the new formulation is not suitable for clinical use due to the high incidence of thrombophlebitis produced .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombophlebitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pure red cell aplasia , toxic dermatitis and lymphadenopathy in a patient taking diphenylhydantoin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pure red cell aplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "toxic dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "lymphadenopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A patient taking diphenylhydantoin for 3 weeks developed a generalized skin rash , lymphadenopathy and pure red cell aplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "skin rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "lymphadenopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 98]}, {"entity": "pure red cell aplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After withdrawal of the pharmacon all symptoms disappeared spontaneously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin rash is a well - known complication of diphenylhydantoin treatment as is benign and malignant lymphadenopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skin rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "lymphadenopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pure red cell aplasia associated with diphenylhydantoin medication has been reported in 3 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pure red cell aplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exact mechanism by which diphenylhydantoin exerts its toxic effects is not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this patient the time relation between the ingestion of diphenylhydantoin and the occurrence of the skin rash , lymphadenopathy and pure red cell aplasia is very suggestive of a direct connection .", "entity": [{"entity": "diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 76]}, {"entity": "skin rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 112]}, {"entity": "lymphadenopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 130]}, {"entity": "pure red cell aplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinorelbine - related cardiac events : a meta - analysis of randomized clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinorelbine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several cases of cardiac adverse reactions related to vinorelbine ( VNR ) have been reported in the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "vinorelbine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to quantify the incidence of these cardiac events , we performed a meta - analysis of clinical trials comparing VNR with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Randomized clinical trials comparing VNR with other drugs in the treatment of cancer were searched in Medline , Embase , Evidence - based Medicine Reviews databases and the Cochrane library from 1987 to 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes of interest were severe cardiac events , toxic deaths and cardiac event - related deaths reported in each publication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found 19 trials , involving 2441 patients treated by VNR and 2050 control patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of cardiac events with VNR was 1 . 19 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ( 0 . 75 ; 1 . 67 ) ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in the risk of cardiac events between VNR and other drugs [ odds ratio : 0 . 92 , 95 % CI ( 0 . 54 ; 1 . 55 ) ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of VNR cardiac events was similar to vindesine ( VDS ) and other cardiotoxic drugs [ fluorouracil , anthracyclines , gemcitabine ( GEM ) em leader ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "vindesine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "VDS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "anthracyclines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "gemcitabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Even if it did not reach statistical significance because of a few number of cases , the risk was lower in trials excluding patients with cardiac history , and seemed to be higher in trials including patients with pre - existing cardiac diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [229, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vinorelbine - related cardiac events concern about 1 % of treated patients in clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vinorelbine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the risk associated with VNR seems to be similar to that of other chemotherapeutic agents in the same indications .", "entity": [{"entity": "VNR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRI findings of hypoxic cortical laminar necrosis in a child with hemolytic anemia crisis .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 5 - year - old girl who had a rapidly installing hemolytic anemia crisis induced by trimethoprim - sulfomethoxazole , resulting in cerebral anoxia leading to permanent damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 117]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim - sulfomethoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 167]}, {"entity": "cerebral anoxia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic Resonance imaging revealed cortical laminar necrosis in arterial border zones in both cerebral hemispheres , ischemic changes in subcortical white matter of left cerebral hemisphere , and in the left putamen .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although cortical laminar necrosis is a classic entity in adulthood related to conditions of energy depletions , there are few reports available in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide review of the literature is also presented .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The natural history of Vigabatrin associated visual field defects in patients electing to continue their medication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To determine the natural history of visual field defects in a group of patients known to have Vigabatrin - associated changes who elected to continue the medication because of good seizure control .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "Vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : All patients taking Vigabatrin alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs for at least 5 years ( range 5 - 12 years ) were entered into a visual surveillance programme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were followed up at 6 - monthly intervals for not less than 18 months ( range 18 - 43 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all , 16 patients with unequivocal defects continued the medication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following already published methodology ( Eye 2002 ; 16 ; 567 - 571 ) monocular mean radial degrees ( MRDs ) to the I / 4e isopter on Goldmann perimetry was calculated for the right eye at the time of discovery of a visual field defect and again after not less than 18 months follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [216, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Mean right eye MRD at presentation was 36 . 98 degrees ( range 22 . 25 - 51 . 0 ) , compared to 38 . 40 degrees ( range 22 . 5 - 49 . 75 ) after follow - up ; P = 0 . 338 unpaired t - test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only one patient demonstrated a deterioration in visual field during the study period and discontinued treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "deterioration in visual field", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Established visual field defects presumed to be due to Vigabatrin therapy did not usually progress in spite of continuing use of the medication .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "Vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data give support to the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of Vigabatrin - associated visual field defects may be an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction rather than dose - dependent toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of rosaceiform dermatitis during treatment of facial inflammatory dermatoses with tacrolimus ointment .", "entity": [{"entity": "dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "facial inflammatory dermatoses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 86]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Tacrolimus ointment is increasingly used for anti - inflammatory treatment of sensitive areas such as the face , and recent observations indicate that the treatment is effective in steroid - aggravated rosacea and perioral dermatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "rosacea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [215, 222]}, {"entity": "perioral dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment .", "entity": [{"entity": "dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBSERVATIONS : Six adult patients with inflammatory facial dermatoses were treated with tacrolimus ointment because of the ineffectiveness of standard treatments .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammatory facial dermatoses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 69]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within 2 to 3 weeks of initially effective and well - tolerated treatment , 3 patients with a history of rosacea and 1 with a history of acne experienced sudden worsening with pustular rosaceiform lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "rosacea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "acne", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biopsy revealed an abundance of Demodex mites in 2 of these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1 patient with eyelid eczema , rosaceiform periocular dermatitis gradually appeared after 3 weeks of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "eczema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "periocular dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1 patient with atopic dermatitis , telangiectatic and papular rosacea insidiously appeared after 5 months of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "atopic dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "papular rosacea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our observations suggest that the spectrum of rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment is heterogeneous .", "entity": [{"entity": "dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of factors , such as vasoactive properties of tacrolimus , proliferation of Demodex due to local immunosuppression , and the occlusive properties of the ointment , may be involved in the observed phenomena .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future studies are needed to identify individual risk factors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravascular hemolysis and acute renal failure following intermittent rifampin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal failure is a rare complication associated with the use of rifampin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravascular hemolysis leading to acute renal failure following rifampin therapy is extremely rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients with leprosy who developed hemolysis and acute renal failure following rifampin are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "leprosy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "hemolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 73]}, {"entity": "rifampin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structural abnormalities in the brains of human subjects who use methamphetamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We visualize , for the first time , the profile of structural deficits in the human brain associated with chronic methamphetamine ( MA ) abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "structural deficits in the human brain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 89]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of human subjects who have used MA chronically have revealed deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and cerebral metabolic abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "metabolic abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and new computational brain - mapping techniques , we determined the pattern of structural brain alterations associated with chronic MA abuse in human subjects and related these deficits to cognitive impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used high - resolution MRI and surface - based computational image analyses to map regional abnormalities in the cortex , hippocampus , white matter , and ventricles in 22 human subjects who used MA and 21 age - matched , healthy controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormalities in the cortex , hippocampus , white matter , and ventricles", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 168]}, {"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortical maps revealed severe gray - matter deficits in the cingulate , limbic , and paralimbic cortices of MA abusers ( averaging 11 . 3 % below control ; p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On average , MA abusers had 7 . 8 % smaller hippocampal volumes than control subjects ( p < 0 . 01 ; left , p = 0 . 01 ; right , p < 0 . 05 ) and significant white - matter hypertrophy ( 7 . 0 % ; p < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 15]}, {"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hippocampal deficits were mapped and correlated with memory performance on a word - recall test ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MRI - based maps suggest that chronic methamphetamine abuse causes a selective pattern of cerebral deterioration that contributes to impaired memory performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "impaired memory performance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MA may selectively damage the medial temporal lobe and , consistent with metabolic studies , the cingulate - limbic cortex , inducing neuroadaptation , neuropil reduction , or cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prominent white - matter hypertrophy may result from altered myelination and adaptive glial changes , including gliosis secondary to neuronal damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "gliosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "neuronal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These brain substrates may help account for the symptoms of MA abuse , providing therapeutic targets for drug - induced brain injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "MA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis in mice after amiodarone treatment is associated with peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - alpha target gene activation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone , an efficacious and widely used antiarrhythmic agent , has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity in some patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To gain insight into the mechanism of this unwanted effect , mice were administered various doses of amiodarone and examined for changes in hepatic histology and gene regulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone induced hepatomegaly , hepatocyte microvesicular lipid accumulation , and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides and glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hepatomegaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 130]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Northern blot analysis of hepatic RNA revealed a dose - dependent increase in the expression of a number of genes critical for fatty acid oxidation , lipoprotein assembly , and lipid transport .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many of these genes are regulated by the peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - alpha ( PPARalpha ) , a ligand - activated nuclear hormone receptor transcription factor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The absence of induction of these genes as well as hepatomegaly in PPARalpha knockout [ PPARalpha - / - ] mice indicated that the effects of amiodarone were dependent upon the presence of a functional PPARalpha gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatomegaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared to wild - type mice , treatment of PPARalpha - / - mice with amiodarone resulted in an increased rate and extent of total body weight loss .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "weight loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inability of amiodarone to directly activate either human or mouse PPARalpha transiently expressed in human HepG2 hepatoma cells indicates that the effects of amiodarone on the function of this receptor were indirect .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "hepatoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based upon these results , we conclude that amiodarone disrupts hepatic lipid homeostasis and that the increased expression of PPARalpha target genes is secondary to this toxic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide important new mechanistic information regarding the hepatotoxic effects of amiodarone and indicate that PPARalpha protects against amiodarone - induced hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}, {"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety and compliance with once - daily niacin extended - release / lovastatin as initial therapy in the Impact of Medical Subspecialty on Patient Compliance to Treatment ( IMPACT ) study .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Niacin extended - release / lovastatin is a new combination product approved for treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 38]}, {"entity": "hypercholesterolemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 122]}, {"entity": "dyslipidemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This open - labeled , multicenter study evaluated the safety of bedtime niacin extended - release / lovastatin when dosed as initial therapy and patient compliance to treatment in various clinical practice settings .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 4 , 499 patients with dyslipidemia requiring drug intervention was enrolled at 1 , 081 sites .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyslipidemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were treated with 1 tablet ( 500 mg of niacin extended - release / 20 mg of lovastatin ) once nightly for 4 weeks and then 2 tablets for 8 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients also received dietary counseling , educational materials , and reminders to call a toll - free number that provided further education about dyslipidemia and niacin extended - release / lovastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyslipidemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 161]}, {"entity": "niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary end points were study compliance , increases in liver transaminases to > 3 times the upper limit of normal , and clinical myopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Final study status was available for 4 , 217 patients ( 94 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compliance to niacin extended - release / lovastatin was 77 % , with 3 , 245 patients completing the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in the southeast and those enrolled by endocrinologists had the lowest compliance and highest adverse event rates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flushing was the most common adverse event , reported by 18 % of patients and leading to discontinuation by 6 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flushing", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of increased aspartate aminotransferase and / or alanine aminotransferase > 3 times the upper limit of normal was < 0 . 3 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase of creatine phosphokinase to > 5 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 0 . 24 % of patients , and no cases of drug - induced myopathy were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Niacin extended - release / lovastatin 1 , 000 / 40 mg , dosed as initial therapy , was associated with good compliance and safety and had very low incidences of increased liver and muscle enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niacin extended - release / lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terminalia chebula", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "myocardial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 78]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits ( 500 mg / kg body wt ) was examined in isoproterenol ( 200 mg / kg body wt ) induced myocardial damage in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 73]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 127]}, {"entity": "myocardial damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In isoproterenol administered rats , the level of lipid peroxides increased significantly in the serum and heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "peroxides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant decrease was observed in the activity of the myocardial marker enzymes with a concomitant increase in their activity in serum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological examination was carried out to confirm the myocardial necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "T . chebula extract pretreatment was found to ameliorate the effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxide formation and retained the activities of the diagnostic marker enzymes .", "entity": [{"entity": "T . chebula extract", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of postoperative anxiety due to low dose droperidol used with patient - controlled analgesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "droperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A multiparous woman in good psychological health underwent urgent caesarean section in labour .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postoperatively , she was given a patient - controlled analgesia device delivering boluses of diamorphine 0 . 5 mg and droperidol 0 . 025 mg .", "entity": [{"entity": "diamorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "droperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Whilst using the device she gradually became anxious , the feeling worsening after each bolus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis of droperidol - induced psychological disturbance was not made straight away although on subsequent close questioning the patient gave a very clear history .", "entity": [{"entity": "droperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "psychological disturbance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After she had received a total of only 0 . 9 mg droperidol , a syringe containing diamorphine only was substituted and her unease resolved completely .", "entity": [{"entity": "droperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "diamorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We feel that , although the dramatic extrapyramidal side effects of dopaminergic antiemetics are well known , more subtle manifestations may easily be overlooked .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accurate patient history contributes to differentiating diabetes insipidus : a case study .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case study highlights the important contribution of nursing in obtaining an accurate health history .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The case discussed herein initially appeared to be neurogenic diabetes insipidus ( DI ) secondary to a traumatic brain injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 80]}, {"entity": "DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "traumatic brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nursing staff , by reviewing the patient ' s health history with his family , discovered a history of polydipsia and long - standing lithium use .", "entity": [{"entity": "polydipsia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium is implicated in drug - induced nephrogenic DI , and because the patient had not received lithium since being admitted to the hospital , his treatment changed to focus on nephrogenic DI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By combining information from the patient history , the physical examination , and radiologic and laboratory studies , the critical care team demonstrated that the patient had been self - treating his lithium - induced nephrogenic DI and developed neurogenic DI secondary to brain trauma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [219, 233]}, {"entity": "neurogenic DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 261]}, {"entity": "brain trauma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [275, 287]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus successful treatment required that nephrogenic and neurogenic DI be treated concomitantly .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurogenic DI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors contributing to ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND AIM : Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C produces hemolytic anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Interferon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis C", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Eighty - eight patients with chronic hepatitis C who received interferon - alpha - 2b at a dose of 6 MU administered intramuscularly for 24 weeks in combination with ribavirin administered orally at a dose of 600 mg or 800 mg participated in the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic hepatitis C", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "interferon - alpha - 2b", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 95]}, {"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hemoglobin concentration of < 10 g / dL was defined as ribavirin - induced anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Ribavirin - induced anemia occurred in 18 ( 20 . 5 % ) patients during treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 2 g / dL decrease in hemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia was observed at week 2 after the start of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemoglobin concentration in patients with > or = 2 g / dL decrease at week 2 was observed to be significantly lower even after week 2 than in patients with < 2 g / dL decrease ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant relationship was observed between the rate of reduction of hemoglobin concentrations at week 2 and the severity of anemia ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such factors as sex ( female ) , age ( > or = 60 years old ) , and the ribavirin dose by body weight ( 12 mg / kg or more ) were significant by univariate analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Careful administration is necessary in patients > or = 60 years old , in female patients , and in patients receiving a ribavirin dose of 12 mg / kg or more .", "entity": [{"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who experience a fall in hemoglobin concentrations of 2 g / dL or more at week 2 after the start of treatment should be monitored with particular care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Zidovudine - induced hepatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zidovudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of acute hepatitis induced by zidovudine in a 38 - year - old patient with AIDS is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "zidovudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism whereby the hepatitis was induced is not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the patient tolerated well an alternative reverse transcriptase inhibitor , 2 ' 3 ' dideoxyinosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 ' 3 ' dideoxyinosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicians caring for patients with AIDS should be aware of this hitherto rarely reported complication .", "entity": [{"entity": "AIDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative damage precedes nitrative damage in adriamycin - induced cardiac mitochondrial injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to determine if elevated reactive oxygen ( ROS ) / nitrogen species ( RNS ) reported to be present in adriamycin ( ADR ) - induced cardiotoxicity actually resulted in cardiomyocyte oxidative / nitrative damage , and to quantitatively determine the time course and subcellular localization of these postulated damage products using an in vivo approach .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B6C3 mice were treated with a single dose of 20 mg / kg ADR .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ultrastructural damage and levels of 4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal ( 4HNE ) - protein adducts and 3 - nitrotyrosine ( 3NT ) were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "4 - hydroxy - 2 - nonenal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 62]}, {"entity": "4HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "3 - nitrotyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 111]}, {"entity": "3NT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative ultrastructural damage using computerized image techniques showed cardiomyocyte injury as early as 3 hours , with mitochondria being the most extensively and progressively injured subcellular organelle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of 4HNE protein adducts by immunogold electron microscopy showed appearance of 4HNE protein adducts in mitochondria as early as 3 hours , with a peak at 6 hours and subsequent decline at 24 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "4HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "4HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3NT levels were significantly increased in all subcellular compartments at 6 hours and subsequently declined at 24 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "3NT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data showed ADR induced 4HNE - protein adducts in mitochondria at the same time point as when mitochondrial injury initially appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "4HNE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results document for the first time in vivo that mitochondrial oxidative damage precedes nitrative damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial oxidative damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The progressive nature of mitochondrial injury suggests that mitochondria , not other subcellular organelles , are the major site of intracellular injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitochondrial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sotalol - induced coronary spasm in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy associated with sustained ventricular tachycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "coronary spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 54 - year - old man with severe left ventricular dysfunction due to dilated cardiomyopathy was referred to our hospital for symptomatic incessant sustained ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 92]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 181]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the administration of nifekalant hydrochloride , sustained VT was terminated .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifekalant hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 52]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternate class III agent , sotalol , was also effective for the prevention of VT .", "entity": [{"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one month after switching over nifekalant to sotalol , a short duration of ST elevation was documented in ECG monitoring at almost the same time for three consecutive days .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifekalant", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ST elevation with chest discomfort disappeared since he began taking long - acting diltiazem .", "entity": [{"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary vasospasm may be induced by the non - selective beta - blocking properties of sotalol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coronary vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of the antidepressant trazodone , a 5 - HT 2A / 2C receptor antagonist , on dopamine - dependent behaviors in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : 5 - Hydroxytryptamine , via stimulation of 5 - HT 2C receptors , exerts a tonic inhibitory influence on dopaminergic neurotransmission , whereas activation of 5 - HT 2A receptors enhances stimulated DAergic neurotransmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Hydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antidepressant trazodone is a 5 - HT 2A / 2C receptor antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the effect of trazodone treatment on behaviors dependent on the functional status of the nigrostriatal DAergic system .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The effect of pretreatment with trazodone on dexamphetamine - and apomorphine - induced oral stereotypies , on catalepsy induced by haloperidol and apomorphine ( 0 . 05 mg / kg , i . p . ) , on ergometrine - induced wet dog shake ( WDS ) behavior and fluoxetine - induced penile erections was studied in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "dexamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}, {"entity": "oral stereotypies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 115]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "ergometrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 215]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also investigated whether trazodone induces catalepsy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Trazodone at 2 . 5 - 20 mg / kg i . p . did not induce catalepsy , and did not antagonize apomorphine ( 1 . 5 and 3 mg / kg ) stereotypy and apomorphine ( 0 . 05 mg / kg ) - induced catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , pretreatment with 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg i . p . trazodone enhanced dexamphetamine stereotypy , and antagonized haloperidol catalepsy , ergometrine - induced WDS behavior and fluoxetine - induced penile erections .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "dexamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 142]}, {"entity": "ergometrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trazodone at 30 , 40 and 50 mg / kg i . p . induced catalepsy and antagonized apomorphine and dexamphetamine stereotypies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "dexamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our results indicate that trazodone at 2 . 5 - 20 mg / kg does not block pre - and postsynaptic striatal D2 DA receptors , while at 30 , 40 and 50 mg / kg it blocks postsynaptic striatal D2 DA receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , at 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg , trazodone blocks 5 - HT 2A and 5 - HT 2C receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that trazodone ( 5 , 10 and 20 mg / kg ) , by blocking the 5 - HT 2C receptors , releases the nigrostriatal DAergic neurons from tonic inhibition caused by 5 - HT , and thereby potentiates dexamphetamine stereotypy and antagonizes haloperidol catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "trazodone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 173]}, {"entity": "dexamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 214]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 253]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [254, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Swallowing abnormalities and dyskinesia in Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Swallowing abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrointestinal abnormalities in Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) have been known for almost two centuries , but many aspects concerning their pathophysiology have not been completely clarified .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gastrointestinal abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to characterize the oropharyngeal dynamics in PD patients with and without levodopa - induced dyskinesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen dyskinetic , 12 nondyskinetic patients , and a control group were included .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were asked about dysphagia and evaluated with the Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale Parts II and III and the Hoehn and Yahr scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysphagia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deglutition was assessed using modified barium swallow with videofluoroscopy .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nondyskinetic patients , but not the dyskinetic ones , showed less oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency ( OPSE ) for liquid food than controls ( Dunnett , P = 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dyskinetic patients tended to have a greater OPSE than nondyskinetic ( Dunnett , P = 0 . 06 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dyskinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who were using a higher dose of levodopa had a greater OPSE and a trend toward a smaller oral transit time ( Pearson ' s correlation , P = 0 . 01 and 0 . 08 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither the report of dysphagia nor any of the PD severity parameters correlated to the videofluoroscopic variables .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysphagia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the current study , dyskinetic patients performed better in swallowing function , which could be explained on the basis of a greater levodopa dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest a role for levodopa in the oral phase of deglutition and confirm that dysphagia is not a good predictor of deglutition alterations in PD .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "dysphagia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition of nuclear factor - kappaB activation attenuates tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by gentamicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubulointerstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 88]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Animals treated with gentamicin can show residual areas of interstitial fibrosis in the renal cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the expression of nuclear factor - kappaB ( NF - kappaB ) , mitogen - activated protein ( MAP ) kinases and macrophages in the renal cortex and structural and functional renal changes of rats treated with gentamicin or gentamicin + pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC ) , an NF - kappaB inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 239]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 253]}, {"entity": "pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 283]}, {"entity": "PDTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : 38 female Wistar rats were injected with gentamicin , 40 mg / kg , twice a day for 9 days , 38 with gentamicin + PDTC , and 28 with 0 . 15 M NaCl solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}, {"entity": "PDTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were killed 5 and 30 days after these injections and the kidneys were removed for histological and immunohistochemical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results of the immunohistochemical studies were scored according to the extent of staining .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fractional interstitial area was determined by morphometry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Gentamicin - treated rats presented a transitory increase in plasma creatinine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased ED - 1 , MAP kinases and NF - kappaB staining were also observed in the renal cortex from all gentamicin - treated rats compared to control ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals killed on day 30 also presented fibrosis in the renal cortex despite the recovery of renal function .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with PDTC reduced the functional and structural changes induced by gentamicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These data show that inhibition of NF - kappaB activation attenuates tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by gentamicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubulointerstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 111]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glucose metabolism in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotic agents : a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : While the incidence of new - onset diabetes mellitus may be increasing in patients with schizophrenia treated with certain atypical antipsychotic agents , it remains unclear whether atypical agents are directly affecting glucose metabolism or simply increasing known risk factors for diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [297, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To study the 2 drugs most clearly implicated ( clozapine and olanzapine ) and risperidone using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : A cross - sectional design in stable , treated patients with schizophrenia evaluated using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and the Bergman minimal model analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 83]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : Subjects were recruited from an urban community mental health clinic and were studied at a general clinical research center .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients Fifty subjects signed informed consent and 41 underwent the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - six nonobese subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder , matched by body mass index and treated with either clozapine , olanzapine , or risperidone , were included in the analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "schizoaffective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 77]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum insulin levels , insulin sensitivity index , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance , and glucose effectiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "insulin sensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 160]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The mean + / - SD duration of treatment with the identified atypical antipsychotic agent was 68 . 3 + / - 28 . 9 months ( clozapine ) , 29 . 5 + / - 17 . 5 months ( olanzapine ) , and 40 . 9 + / - 33 . 7 ( risperidone ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 185]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fasting serum insulin concentrations differed among groups ( F ( 33 ) = 3 . 35 ; P = . 047 ) ( clozapine > olanzapine > risperidone ) with significant differences between clozapine and risperidone ( t ( 33 ) = 2 . 32 ; P = . 03 ) and olanzapine and risperidone ( t ( 33 ) = 2 . 15 ; P = . 04 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 131]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 180]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 244]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant difference in insulin sensitivity index among groups ( F ( 33 ) = 10 . 66 ; P < . 001 ) ( clozapine < olanzapine < risperidone ) , with subjects who received clozapine and olanzapine exhibiting significant insulin resistance compared with subjects who were treated with risperidone ( clozapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = - 4 . 29 ; P < . 001 ; olanzapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = - 3 . 62 ; P = . 001 [ P < . 001 ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin sensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 123]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 136]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 191]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 206]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [230, 248]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 305]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 317]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 332]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [369, 379]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [383, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance also differed significantly among groups ( F ( 33 ) = 4 . 92 ; P = . 01 ) ( clozapine > olanzapine > risperidone ) ( clozapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = 2 . 94 ; P = . 006 ; olanzapine vs risperidone , t ( 33 ) = 2 . 42 ; P = . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 241]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant difference among groups in glucose effectiveness ( F ( 30 ) = 4 . 18 ; P = . 02 ) ( clozapine < olanzapine < risperidone ) with significant differences between clozapine and risperidone ( t ( 30 ) = - 2 . 59 ; P = . 02 ) and olanzapine and risperidone ( t ( 30 ) = - 2 . 34 , P = . 03 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 209]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 259]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Both nonobese clozapine - and olanzapine - treated groups displayed significant insulin resistance and impairment of glucose effectiveness compared with risperidone - treated subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 112]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients taking clozapine and olanzapine must be examined for insulin resistance and its consequences .", "entity": [{"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thoracic hematomyelia secondary to coumadin anticoagulant therapy : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thoracic hematomyelia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "coumadin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of thoracic hematomyelia secondary to anticoagulant therapy is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "thoracic hematomyelia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical features , similar to 2 other previously reported cases , are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A high index of suspicion may lead to a quick diagnostic procedure and successful decompressive surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mania associated with fluoxetine treatment in adolescents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoxetine , a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor , is gaining increased acceptance in the treatment of adolescent depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generally safe and well tolerated by adults , fluoxetine has been reported to induce mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cases of five depressed adolescents , 14 - 16 years of age , who developed mania during pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine , are reported here .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressed", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apparent risk factors for the development of mania or hypomania during fluoxetine pharmacotherapy in this population were the combination of attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder and affective instability ; major depression with psychotic features ; a family history of affective disorder , especially bipolar disorder ; and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "hypomania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 183]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [218, 228]}, {"entity": "psychotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 243]}, {"entity": "affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [275, 293]}, {"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [307, 323]}, {"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [345, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further study is needed to determine the optimal dosage and to identify risk factors that increase individual vulnerability to fluoxetine induced mania in adolescents .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal insufficiency after high - dose melphalan in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis during stem cell transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "primary systemic amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Patients with primary systemic amyloidosis ( AL ) have a poor prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "primary systemic amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 55]}, {"entity": "AL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median survival time from standard treatments is only 17 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - dose intravenous melphalan followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplant ( PBSCT ) appears to be the most promising therapy , but treatment mortality can be high .", "entity": [{"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors have noted the development of acute renal insufficiency immediately after melphalan conditioning .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 67]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to further examine its risk factors and impact on posttransplant mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Consecutive AL patients who underwent PBSCT were studied retrospectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "AL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal insufficiency ( ARI ) after high - dose melphalan was defined by a minimum increase of 0 . 5 mg / dL ( 44 micromol / L ) in the serum creatinine level that is greater than 50 % of baseline immediately after conditioning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "ARI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine sediment score was the sum of the individual types of sediment identified on urine microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of the 80 patients studied , ARI developed in 18 . 8 % of the patients after high - dose melphalan .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Univariate analysis identified age , hypoalbuminemia , heavy proteinuria , diuretic use , and urine sediment score ( > 3 ) as risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoalbuminemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age and urine sediment score remained independently significant risk factors in the multivariate analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who had ARI after high - dose melphalan underwent dialysis more often ( P = 0 . 007 ) , and had a worse 1 - year survival ( P = 0 . 03 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The timing of renal injury strongly suggests melphalan as the causative agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ongoing tubular injury may be a prerequisite for renal injury by melphalan as evidenced by the active urinary sediment .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubular injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "melphalan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of ARI adversely affected the outcome after PBSCT .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective preventive measures may help decrease the treatment mortality of PBSCT in AL patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "AL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Focal cerebral ischemia in rats : effect of phenylephrine - induced hypertension during reperfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 23]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 180 min of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats , the effect of phenylephrine - induced hypertension on ischemic brain injury and blood - brain barrier permeability was determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "middle cerebral artery occlusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 59]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "ischemic brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood pressure was manipulated by one of the following schedules during 120 min of reperfusion : Control , normotensive reperfusion ; 90 / hypertension ( 90 / HTN ) , blood pressure was increased by 35 mm Hg during the initial 90 min of reperfusion only ; 15 / hypertension ( 15 / HTN ) , normotensive reperfusion for 30 min followed by 15 min of hypertension and 75 min of normotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 151]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [261, 273]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [281, 284]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [347, 359]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part A , for eight rats in each group brain injury was evaluated by staining tissue using 2 , 3 , 5 - triphenyltetrazolium chloride and edema was evaluated by microgravimetry .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "2 , 3 , 5 - triphenyltetrazolium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 131]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part B , for eight different rats in each group blood - brain barrier permeability was evaluated by measuring the amount and extent of extravasation of Evans Blue dye .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain injury ( percentage of the ischemic hemisphere ) was less in the 15 / HTN group ( 16 + / - 6 , mean + / - SD ) versus the 90 / HTN group ( 30 + / - 6 ) , which was in turn less than the control group ( 42 + / - 5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ischemic hemisphere", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specific gravity was greater in the 15 / HTN group ( 1 . 043 + / - 0 . 002 ) versus the 90 / HTN ( 1 . 036 + / - 0 . 003 ) and control ( 1 . 037 + / - 0 . 003 ) groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evans Blue ( mug g - 1 of brain tissue ) was greater in the 90 / HTN group ( 24 . 4 + / - 6 . 0 ) versus the control group ( 12 . 3 + / - 4 . 1 ) , which was in turn greater than the 15 / HTN group ( 7 . 3 + / - 3 . 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Evans Blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "HTN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study supports a hypothesis that during reperfusion , a short interval of hypertension decreases brain injury and edema ; and that sustained hypertension increases the risk of vasogenic edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "brain injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "vasogenic edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "People aged over 75 in atrial fibrillation on warfarin : the rate of major hemorrhage and stroke in more than 500 patient - years of follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To determine the incidence of major hemorrhage and stroke in people aged 76 and older with atrial fibrillation on adjusted - dose warfarin who had been recently been admitted to hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 123]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : A retrospective observational cohort study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : A major healthcare network involving four tertiary hospitals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PARTICIPANTS : Two hundred thirty - five patients aged 76 and older admitted to a major healthcare network between July 1 , 2001 , and June 30 , 2002 , with atrial fibrillation on warfarin were enrolled .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 176]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS : Information regarding major bleeding episodes , strokes , and warfarin use was obtained from patients , relatives , primary physicians , and medical records .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Two hundred twenty - eight patients ( 42 % men ) with a mean age of 81 . 1 ( range 76 - 94 ) were included in the analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total follow - up on warfarin was 530 years ( mean 28 months ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 53 major hemorrhages , for an annual rate of 10 . 0 % , including 24 ( 45 . 3 % ) life - threatening and five ( 9 . 4 % ) fatal bleeds .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhages", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The annual stroke rate after initiation of warfarin was 2 . 6 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The rate of major hemorrhage was high in this old , frail group , but excluding fatalities , resulted in no long - term sequelae , and the stroke rate on warfarin was low , demonstrating how effective warfarin treatment is .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 158]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 175]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen ( paracetamol ) and nimesulide associated or not with common non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "skin reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "nimesulide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Acetaminophen ( paracetamol - - P ) and Nimesulide ( N ) are widely used analgesic - antipyretic / anti - inflammatory drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 46]}, {"entity": "Nimesulide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of adverse hypersensitivity reactions to these agents is generally low .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are commonly involved in such reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Celecoxib ( CE ) is a novel drug , with high selectivity and affinity for COX - 2 enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "Celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : We evaluated the tolerability of CE in a group of patients with documented history of adverse cutaneous reactions to P and N associated or not to classic NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "cutaneous reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 125]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 130]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We studied 9 patients with hypersensitivity to P and N with or without associated reactions to classic NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 58]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis of P and N - induced skin reactions was based in vivo challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 24]}, {"entity": "skin reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The placebo was blindly administered at the beginning of each challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After three days , a cumulative dosage of 200 mg of CE in refracted doses were given .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 2 - 3 days , a single dose of 200 mg was administered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were observed for 6 hours after each challenge , and controlled again after 24 hours to exclude delayed reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The challenge was considered positive if one or more of the following appeared : erythema , rush or urticaria - angioedema .", "entity": [{"entity": "erythema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "urticaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 109]}, {"entity": "angioedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : No reaction was observed with placebo and eight patients ( 88 . 8 % ) tolerated CE .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only one patient developed a moderate angioedema of the lips .", "entity": [{"entity": "angioedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Only one hypersensitivity reaction to CE was documented among 9 P and N - highly NSAIDs intolerant patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 38]}, {"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 78]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we conclude that CE is a reasonably safe alternative to be used in subjects who do not tolerate P and N .", "entity": [{"entity": "CE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 104]}, {"entity": "N", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Case - control study of regular analgesic and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory use and end - stage renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Studies on the association between the long - term use of aspirin and other analgesic and nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) and end - stage renal disease ( ESRD ) have given conflicting results .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 182]}, {"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to examine this association , a case - control study with incident cases of ESRD was carried out .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The cases were all patients entering the local dialysis program because of ESRD in the study area between June 1 , 1995 and November 30 , 1997 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They were classified according to the underlying disease , which had presumably led them to ESRD .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Controls were patients admitted to the same hospitals from where the cases arose , also matched by age and sex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Odds ratios were calculated using a conditional logistic model , including potential confounding factors , both for the whole study population and for the various underlying diseases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Five hundred and eighty - three cases and 1190 controls were included in the analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term use of any analgesic was associated with an overall odds ratio of 1 . 22 ( 95 % CI , 0 . 89 - 1 . 66 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For specific groups of drugs , the risks were 1 . 56 ( 1 . 05 - 2 . 30 ) for aspirin , 1 . 03 ( 0 . 60 - 1 . 76 ) for pyrazolones , 0 . 80 ( 0 . 39 - 1 . 63 ) for paracetamol , and 0 . 94 ( 0 . 57 - 1 . 56 ) for nonaspirin NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "pyrazolones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}, {"entity": "paracetamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of ESRD associated with aspirin was related to the cumulated dose and duration of use , and it was particularly high among the subset of patients with vascular nephropathy as underlying disease [ 2 . 35 ( 1 . 17 - 4 . 72 ) ] .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our data indicate that long - term use of nonaspirin analgesic drugs and NSAIDs is not associated with an increased risk of ESRD .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the chronic use of aspirin may increase the risk of ESRD .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "ESRD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of amisulpride overdose : a cause for prolonged QT syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "amisulpride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "prolonged QT syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of deliberate self - poisoning with 5 g and 3 . 6 g of amisulpride , respectively , are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "amisulpride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both cases , QT prolongation and hypocalcaemia were noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "hypocalcaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The QT prolongation appeared to respond to administration of i . v . calcium gluconate .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "calcium gluconate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth - associated protein 43 expression in hippocampal molecular layer of chronic epileptic rats treated with cycloheximide .", "entity": [{"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "cycloheximide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : GAP43 has been thought to be linked with mossy fiber sprouting ( MFS ) in various experimental models of epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate how GAP43 expression ( GAP43 - ir ) correlates with MFS , we assessed the intensity ( densitometry ) and extension ( width ) of GAP43 - ir in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus ( IML ) of rats subject to status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine ( Pilo ) , previously injected or not with cycloheximide ( CHX ) , which has been shown to inhibit MFS .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 249]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 272]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 279]}, {"entity": "cycloheximide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [316, 329]}, {"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : CHX was injected before the Pilo injection in adult Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Pilo group was injected with the same drugs , except for CHX .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were killed between 30 and 60 days later , and brain sections were processed for GAP43 immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Densitometry showed no significant difference regarding GAP43 - ir in the IML between Pilo , CHX + Pilo , and control groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the results of the width of the GAP43 - ir band in the IML showed that CHX + Pilo and control animals had a significantly larger band ( p = 0 . 03 ) as compared with that in the Pilo group .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our current finding that animals in the CHX + Pilo group have a GAP43 - ir band in the IML , similar to that of controls , reinforces prior data on the blockade of MFS in these animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The change in GAP43 - ir present in Pilo - treated animals was a thinning of the band to a very narrow layer just above the granule cell layer that is likely to be associated with the loss of hilar cell projections that express GAP - 43 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilo", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine antagonizes caffeine - but not pentylenetetrazole - induced anxiogenic effect in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Nicotine and caffeine are widely consumed licit psychoactive drugs worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiological studies showed that they were generally used concurrently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although some studies in experimental animals indicate clear pharmacological interactions between them , no studies have shown a specific interaction on anxiety responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study investigates the effects of nicotine on anxiety induced by caffeine and another anxiogenic drug , pentylenetetrazole , in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The elevated plus - maze ( EPM ) test was used to evaluate the effects of drugs on anxiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Adult male Swiss Webster mice ( 25 - 32 g ) were given nicotine ( 0 . 05 - 0 . 25 mg / kg s . c . ) or saline 10 min before caffeine ( 70 mg / kg i . p . ) or pentylenetetrazole ( 15 and 30 mg / kg i . p . ) injections .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 15 min , mice were evaluated for their open - and closed - arm time and entries on the EPM for a 10 - min session .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Locomotor activity was recorded for individual groups by using the same treatment protocol with the EPM test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Nicotine ( 0 . 05 - 0 . 25 mg / kg ) itself did not produce any significant effect in the EPM test , whereas caffeine ( 70 mg / kg ) and pentylenetetrazole ( 30 mg / kg ) produced an anxiogenic effect , apparent with decreases in open - arm time and entry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nicotine ( 0 . 25 mg / kg ) pretreatment blocked the caffeine - but not pentylenetetrazole - induced anxiety .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of each drug and their combinations did not produce any effect on locomotor activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that the antagonistic effect of nicotine on caffeine - induced anxiety is specific to caffeine , instead of a non - specific anxiolytic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , it may extend the current findings on the interaction between nicotine and caffeine .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Hormone therapy ( HT ) is widely used for controlling menopausal symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "menopausal symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has also been used for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease , osteoporosis and dementia in older women but the evidence supporting its use for these indications is largely observational .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 81]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To assess the effect of long - term HT on mortality , heart disease , venous thromboembolism , stroke , transient ischaemic attacks , breast cancer , colorectal cancer , ovarian cancer , endometrial cancer , gallbladder disease , cognitive function , dementia , fractures and quality of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 105]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "transient ischaemic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 144]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 180]}, {"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "endometrial cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 218]}, {"entity": "gallbladder disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 240]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [264, 272]}, {"entity": "fractures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [275, 284]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SEARCH STRATEGY : We searched the following databases up to November 2004 : the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register , Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) , MEDLINE , EMBASE , Biological Abstracts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relevant non - indexed journals and conference abstracts were also searched .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SELECTION CRITERIA : Randomised double - blind trials of HT ( oestrogens with or without progestogens ) versus placebo , taken for at least one year by perimenopausal or postmenopausal women .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "progestogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Fifteen RCTs were included .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trials were assessed for quality and two review authors extracted data independently .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They calculated risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical heterogeneity precluded meta - analysis for most outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAIN RESULTS : All the statistically significant results were derived from the two biggest trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In relatively healthy women , combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thromboembolism or coronary event ( after one year ' s use ) , stroke ( after 3 years ) , breast cancer ( after 5 years ) and gallbladder disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 111]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 199]}, {"entity": "gallbladder disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [222, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term oestrogen - only HT also significantly increased the risk of stroke and gallbladder disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "gallbladder disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the only statistically significant benefits of HT were a decreased incidence of fractures and colon cancer with long - term use .", "entity": [{"entity": "fractures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among relatively healthy women over 65 years taking continuous combined HT , there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of dementia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among women with cardiovascular disease , long - term use of combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thromboembolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 39]}, {"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No trials focussed specifically on younger women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , one trial analysed subgroups of 2839 relatively healthy 50 to 59 year - old women taking combined continuous HT and 1637 taking oestrogen - only HT , versus similar - sized placebo groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only significantly increased risk reported was for venous thromboembolism in women taking combined continuous HT ; their absolute risk remained very low .", "entity": [{"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS : HT is not indicated for the routine management of chronic disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We need more evidence on the safety of HT for menopausal symptom control , though short - term use appears to be relatively safe for healthy younger women .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - induced liver injury : an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10 - year period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drug - induced liver injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND & AIMS : Progress in the understanding of susceptibility factors to drug - induced liver injury ( DILI ) and outcome predictability are hampered by the lack of systematic programs to detect bona fide cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "drug - induced liver injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 106]}, {"entity": "DILI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A cooperative network was created in 1994 in Spain to identify all suspicions of DILI following a prospective structured report form .", "entity": [{"entity": "DILI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liver damage was characterized according to hepatocellular , cholestatic , and mixed laboratory criteria and to histologic criteria when available .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "cholestatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further evaluation of causality assessment was centrally performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Since April 1994 to August 2004 , 461 out of 570 submitted cases , involving 505 drugs , were deemed to be related to DILI .", "entity": [{"entity": "DILI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiinfective group of drugs was the more frequently incriminated , amoxicillin - clavulanate accounting for the 12 . 8 % of the whole series .", "entity": [{"entity": "amoxicillin - clavulanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hepatocellular pattern of damage was the most common ( 58 % ) , was inversely correlated with age ( P < . 0001 ) , and had the worst outcome ( Cox regression , P < . 034 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indeed , the incidence of liver transplantation and death in this group was 11 . 7 % if patients had jaundice at presentation , whereas the corresponding figure was 3 . 8 % in nonjaundiced patients ( P < . 04 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factors associated with the development of fulminant hepatic failure were female sex ( OR = 25 ; 95 % CI : 4 . 1 - 151 ; P < . 0001 ) , hepatocellular damage ( OR = 7 . 9 ; 95 % CI : 1 . 6 - 37 ; P < . 009 ) , and higher baseline plasma bilirubin value ( OR = 1 . 15 ; 95 % CI : 1 . 09 - 1 . 22 ; P < . 0001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fulminant hepatic failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 68]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Patients with drug - induced hepatocellular jaundice have 11 . 7 % chance of progressing to death or transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amoxicillin - clavulanate stands out as the most common drug related to DILI .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amoxicillin - clavulanate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "DILI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological evaluation of the effect of d - ribose on adriamycin - evoked cardiotoxicity in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - ribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of d - ribose on adriamycin - induced myocardiopathy in rats was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - ribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "myocardiopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adriamycin in the cumulative dose of 25 mg / kg evoked fully developed cardiac toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D - ribose in the multiple doses of 200 mg / kg did not influence ADR cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - ribose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo evidences suggesting the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of vancomycin - induced nephrotoxicity : protection by erdosteine .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aims of this study were to examine vancomycin ( VCM ) - induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and to investigate the role of erdosteine , an expectorant agent , which has also antioxidant properties , on kidney tissue against the possible VCM - induced renal impairment in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 293]}, {"entity": "renal impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [304, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were divided into three groups : sham , VCM and VCM plus erdosteine .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VCM was administrated intraperitoneally ( i . p . ) with 200mgkg ( - 1 ) twice daily for 7 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erdosteine was administered orally .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VCM administration to control rats significantly increased renal malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and urinary N - acetyl - beta - d - glucosaminidase ( NAG , a marker of renal tubular injury ) excretion but decreased superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase ( CAT ) activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "renal tubular injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 181]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erdosteine administration with VCM injections caused significantly decreased renal MDA and urinary NAG excretion , and increased SOD activity , but not CAT activity in renal tissue when compared with VCM alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erdosteine showed histopathological protection against VCM - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were a significant dilatation of tubular lumens , extensive epithelial cell vacuolization , atrophy , desquamation , and necrosis in VCM - treated rats more than those of the control and the erdosteine groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "desquamation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Erdosteine caused a marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that oxidative tubular damage plays an important role in the VCM - induced nephrotoxicity and the modulation of oxidative stress with erdosteine reduces the VCM - induced kidney damage both at the biochemical and histological levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "erdosteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "VCM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "kidney damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gemfibrozil - lovastatin therapy for primary hyperlipoproteinemias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gemfibrozil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "hyperlipoproteinemias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The specific aim of this retrospective , observational study was to assess safety and efficacy of long - term ( 21 months / patient ) , open - label , gemfibrozil - lovastatin treatment in 80 patients with primary mixed hyperlipidemia ( 68 % of whom had atherosclerotic vascular disease ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "gemfibrozil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "hyperlipidemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 234]}, {"entity": "atherosclerotic vascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [254, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because ideal lipid targets were not reached ( low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol less than 130 mg / dl , high - density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol greater than 35 mg / dl , or total cholesterol / HDL cholesterol less than 4 . 5 mg / dl ) with diet plus a single drug , gemfibrozil ( 1 . 2 g / day ) - lovastatin ( primarily 20 or 40 mg ) treatment was given .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 92]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 210]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 228]}, {"entity": "gemfibrozil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 297]}, {"entity": "lovastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow - up visits were scheduled with 2 - drug therapy every 6 to 8 weeks , an average of 10 . 3 visits per patient , with 741 batteries of 6 liver function tests and 714 creatine phosphokinase levels measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 1 of the 4 , 446 liver function tests ( 0 . 02 % ) , a gamma glutamyl transferase , was greater than or equal to 3 times the upper normal limit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 714 creatine phosphokinase levels , 9 % were high ; only 1 ( 0 . 1 % ) was greater than or equal to 3 times the upper normal limit .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 2 - drug therapy , mean total cholesterol decreased 22 % from 255 to 200 mg / dl , triglyceride levels decreased 35 % from 236 to 154 mg / dl , LDL cholesterol decreased 26 % from 176 to 131 mg / dl , and the total cholesterol / HDL cholesterol ratio decreased 24 % from 7 . 1 to 5 . 4 , all p less than or equal to 0 . 0001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myositis , attributable to the drug combination and symptomatic enough to discontinue it , occurred in 3 % of patients , and in 1 % with concurrent high creatine phosphokinase ( 769 U / liter ) ; no patients had rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "Myositis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [212, 226]}, {"entity": "myoglobinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [230, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does domperidone potentiate mirtazapine - associated restless legs syndrome ?", "entity": [{"entity": "domperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "restless legs syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is now evidence to suggest a central role for the dopaminergic system in restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "restless legs syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For example , the symptoms of RLS can be dramatically improved by levodopa and dopamine agonists , whereas central dopamine D2 receptor antagonists can induce or aggravate RLS symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 87]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , there is no previous report regarding whether domperidone , a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist , can also induce or aggravate symptoms of RLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "domperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mirtazapine , the first noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant ( NaSSA ) , has been associated with RLS in several recent publications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report here a depressed patient comorbid with postprandial dyspepsia who developed RLS after mirtazapine had been added to his domperidone therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "postprandial dyspepsia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 80]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 98]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "domperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our patient started to have symptoms of RLS only after he had been treated with mirtazapine , and his RLS symptoms resolved completely upon discontinuation of his mirtazapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such a temporal relationship between the use of mirtazapine and the symptoms of RLS in our patient did not support a potentiating effect of domperione on mirtazapine - associated RLS .", "entity": [{"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "domperione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , physicians should be aware of the possibility that mirtazapine can be associated with RLS in some individuals , especially those receiving concomitant dopamine D2 receptor antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "RLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antiandrogenic therapy can cause coronary arterial disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary arterial disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : To study the change of lipid metabolism by antiandrogen therapy in patients with prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : We studied with a 2 . 5 years follow - up the changes in plasma cholesterols ( C ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , lipoproteins ( LP ) , and apolipoproteins ( Apo ) B - 100 , A - I , and A - II pro fi les in 24 patients of mean age 60 years with low risk prostate cancer ( stage : T1cN0M0 , Gleason score : 2 - 5 ) during treatment with cyproterone acetate ( CPA ) without surgical management or radiation therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 104]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "TG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "cyproterone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [354, 373]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [376, 379]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Significant decreases of HDL - C , Apo A - I and Apo A - II and an increase of triglyceride levels in VLDL were induced by CPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a period of 2 . 5 years on CPA treatment , four patients out of twenty - four were found to be affected by coronary heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "coronary heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Ischaemic coronary arteriosclerosis with an incidence rate of 16 . 6 % as caused by prolonged CPA therapy is mediated through changes in HDL cholesterol , Apo A - I and Apo A - II pro fi les , other than the well - known hyperglyceridemic effect caused by estrogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary arteriosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 49]}, {"entity": "CPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "hyperglyceridemic effect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 259]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [270, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity induced by alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiotoxicity is a rare complication occurring during 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) treatment for malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 71]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We herein report the case of a 70 - year - old man with 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity , in whom a high serum level of alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine ( FBAL ) was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "alpha - fluoro - beta - alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 151]}, {"entity": "FBAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient , who had unresectable colon cancer metastases to the liver and lung , was referred to us for chemotherapy from an affiliated hospital ; he had no cardiac history .", "entity": [{"entity": "colon cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After admission , the patient received a continuous intravenous infusion of 5 - FU ( 1000 mg / day ) , during which precordial pain with right bundle branch block occurred concomitantly with a high serum FBAL concentration of 1955 ng / ml .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "precordial pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "right bundle branch block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 162]}, {"entity": "FBAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the precordial pain and the electrocardiographic changes disappeared spontaneously after the discontinuation of 5 - FU .", "entity": [{"entity": "precordial pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the precordial pain in this patient was considered to have been due to 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity , the administration of 5 - FU was abandoned .", "entity": [{"entity": "precordial pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 80]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Instead , oral administration of S - 1 ( a derivative of 5 - FU ) , at 200 mg / day twice a week , was instituted , because S - 1 has a strong inhibitory effect on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase , which catalyzes the degradative of 5 - FU into FBAL .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "dihydropyrimidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 181]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 239]}, {"entity": "FBAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [245, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum FBAL concentration subsequently decreased to 352 ng / ml , the same as the value measured on the first day of S - 1 administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , no cardiac symptoms were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient achieved a partial response 6 months after the initiation of the S - 1 treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experience of this case , together with a review of the literature , suggests that FBAL is related to 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "FBAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 112]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S - 1 may be administered safely to patients with 5 - FU - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocellular carcinoma in Fanconi ' s anemia treated with androgen and corticosteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Fanconi ' s anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The case of an 11 - year - old boy is reported who was known to have Fanconi ' s anemia for 3 years and was treated with androgens , corticosteroids and transfusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fanconi ' s anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "androgens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "corticosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two weeks before his death he was readmitted because of aplastic crisis with septicemia and marked abnormalities in liver function and died of hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "septicemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At autopsy peliosis and multiple hepatic tumors were found which histologically proved to be well - differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "peliosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "hepatic tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case contributes to the previous observations that non - metastasizing hepatic neoplasms and peliosis can develop in patients with androgen - and corticosteroid - treated Fanconi ' s anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic neoplasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "peliosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 165]}, {"entity": "Fanconi ' s anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of the time interval between monoHER and doxorubicin administration on the protection against doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Despite its well - known cardiotoxicity , the anthracyclin doxorubicin ( DOX ) continues to be an effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DOX - induced cardiac damage presumably results from the formation of free radicals by DOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cardiac damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reactive oxygen species particularly affect the cardiac myocytes because these cells seem to have a relatively poor antioxidant defense system .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The semisynthetic flavonoid monohydroxyethylrutoside ( monoHER ) showed cardioprotection against DOX - induced cardiotoxicity through its radical scavenging and iron chelating properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "monohydroxyethylrutoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 52]}, {"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the relatively short final half - life of monoHER ( about 30 min ) , it is expected that the time interval between monoHER and DOX might be of influence on the cardioprotective effect of monoHER .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 141]}, {"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the aim of the present study was to investigate this possible effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Six groups of 6 BALB / c mice were treated with saline , DOX alone or DOX ( 4 mg / kg i . v . ) preceded by monoHER ( 500 mg / kg i . p . ) with an interval of 10 , 30 , 60 or 120 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 70]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a 6 - week treatment period and additional observation for 2 weeks , the mice were sacrificed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their cardiac tissues were processed for light microscopy , after which cardiomyocyte damage was evaluated according to Billingham ( in Cancer Treat Rep 62 ( 6 ) : 865 - 872 , 1978 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiomyocyte damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microscopic evaluation revealed that treatment with DOX alone induced significant cardiac damage in comparison to the saline control group ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "cardiac damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The number of damaged cardiomyocytes was 9 . 6 - fold ( 95 % CI 4 . 4 - 21 . 0 ) higher in mice treated with DOX alone than that in animals of the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ratio of aberrant cardiomyocytes in mice treated with DOX preceded by monoHER and those in mice treated with saline ranged from 1 . 6 to 2 . 8 ( mean 2 . 2 , 95 % CI 1 . 2 - 4 . 1 , P = 0 . 019 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean protective effect by adding monoHER before DOX led to a significant 4 . 4 - fold reduction ( P < 0 . 001 , 95 % CI 2 . 3 - 8 . 2 ) of abnormal cardiomyocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This protective effect did not depend on the time interval between monoHER and DOX administration ( P = 0 . 345 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The results indicate that in an outpatient clinical setting monoHER may be administered shortly before DOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "monoHER", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical evaluation of adverse effects during bepridil administration for atrial fibrillation and flutter .", "entity": [{"entity": "bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation and flutter", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Bepridil hydrochloride ( Bpd ) has attracted attention as an effective drug for atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and atrial flutter ( AFL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bepridil hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "Bpd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 112]}, {"entity": "AF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "atrial flutter", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 138]}, {"entity": "AFL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , serious adverse effects , including torsade de pointes ( Tdp ) , have been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "Tdp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Adverse effects of Bpd requiring discontinuation of treatment were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bpd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bpd was administered to 459 patients ( 361 males , 63 + / - 12 years old ) comprising 378 AF and 81 AFL cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bpd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "AF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 92]}, {"entity": "AFL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial dimension ( LAD ) were 66 + / - 11 % and 40 + / - 6 mm , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse effects were observed in 19 patients ( 4 % ) during an average follow - up of 20 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was marked QT prolongation greater than 0 . 55 s in 13 patients , bradycardia less than 40 beats / min in 6 patients , dizziness and general fatigue in 1 patient each .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 4 of 13 patients with QT prolongation , Tdp occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "Tdp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major triggering factors of Tdp were hypokalemia and sudden decrease in heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tdp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences in the clinical backgrounds of the patients with and without Tdp other than LAD and age , which were larger and older in the patients with Tdp .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tdp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 90]}, {"entity": "Tdp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Careful observation of serum potassium concentration and the ECG should always be done during Bpd administration , particularly in elderly patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "Bpd", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Enhanced isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously shown that a permanent deficiency in the brain renin - angiotensin system ( RAS ) may increase the sensitivity of the baroreflex control of heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we aimed at studying the involvement of the brain RAS in the cardiac reactivity to the beta - adrenoceptor ( beta - AR ) agonist isoproterenol ( Iso ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "Iso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen ( TGR ) were used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In isolated hearts , Iso induced a significantly greater increase in left ventricular ( LV ) pressure and maximal contraction ( + dP / dt ( max ) ) in the TGR than in the Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Iso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LV hypertrophy induced by Iso treatment was significantly higher in TGR than in SD rats ( in g LV wt / 100 g body wt , 0 . 28 + / - 0 . 004 vs . 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 004 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LV hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Iso", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The greater LV hypertrophy in TGR rats was associated with more pronounced downregulation of beta - AR and upregulation of LV beta - AR kinase - 1 mRNA levels compared with those in SD rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "LV hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease in the heart rate ( HR ) induced by the beta - AR antagonist metoprolol in conscious rats was significantly attenuated in TGR compared with SD rats ( - 9 . 9 + / - 1 . 7 % vs . - 18 . 1 + / - 1 . 5 % ) , whereas the effect of parasympathetic blockade by atropine on HR was similar in both strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that TGR are more sensitive to beta - AR agonist - induced cardiac inotropic response and hypertrophy , possibly due to chronically low sympathetic outflow directed to the heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac inotropic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - induced long QT syndrome in injection drug users receiving methadone : high frequency in hospitalized patients and risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "long QT syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Drug - induced long QT syndrome is a serious adverse drug reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "long QT syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methadone prolongs the QT interval in vitro in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the inpatient setting , the frequency of QT interval prolongation with methadone treatment , its dose dependence , and the importance of cofactors such as drug - drug interactions remain unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT interval prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 68]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We performed a systematic , retrospective study comparing active or former intravenous drug users receiving methadone and those not receiving methadone among all patients hospitalized over a 5 - year period in a tertiary care hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 167 patients receiving methadone fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were compared with a control group of 80 injection drug users not receiving methadone .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to methadone dose , 15 demographic , biological , and pharmacological variables were considered as potential risk factors for QT prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Among 167 methadone maintenance patients , the prevalence of QTc prolongation to 0 . 50 second ( ( 1 / 2 ) ) or longer was 16 . 2 % compared with 0 % in 80 control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients ( 3 . 6 % ) in the methadone group presented torsades de pointes .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "QTc length was weakly but significantly associated with methadone daily dose ( Spearman rank correlation coefficient , 0 . 20 ; P < . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate regression analysis allowed attribution of 31 . 8 % of QTc variability to methadone dose , cytochrome P - 450 3A4 drug - drug interactions , hypokalemia , and altered liver function .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : QT interval prolongation in methadone maintenance patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center is a frequent finding .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT interval prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 38]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methadone dose , presence of cytochrome P - 450 3A4 inhibitors , potassium level , and liver function contribute to QT prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long QT syndrome can occur with low doses of methadone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Long QT syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms of hypertension induced by nitric oxide ( NO ) deficiency : focus on venous function .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of endothelial cell - derived nitric oxide ( NO ) in hypertension is a hallmark of arterial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "arterial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental hypertension created by the removal of NO , however , involves mechanisms in addition to decreased arterial vasodilator activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These include augmented endothelin - 1 ( ET - 1 ) release , increased sympathetic nervous system activity , and elevated tissue oxidative stress .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that increased venous smooth muscle ( venomotor ) tone plays a role in Nomega - nitro - L - arginine ( LNNA ) hypertension through these mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nomega - nitro - L - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 116]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor LNNA ( 0 . 5 g / L in drinking water ) for 2 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean arterial pressure of conscious rats was 119 + / - 2 mm Hg in control and 194 + / - 5 mm Hg in LNNA rats ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carotid arteries and vena cava were removed for measurement of isometric contraction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximal contraction to norepinephrine was modestly reduced in arteries from LNNA compared with control rats whereas the maximum contraction to ET - 1 was significantly reduced ( 54 % control ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum contraction of vena cava to norepinephrine ( 37 % control ) also was reduced but no change in response to ET - 1 was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean circulatory filling pressure , an in vivo measure of venomotor tone , was not elevated in LNNA hypertension at 1 or 2 weeks after LNNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 112]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The superoxide scavenger tempol ( 30 , 100 , and 300 micromol kg ( - 1 ) , IV ) did not change arterial pressure in control rats but caused a dose - dependent decrease in LNNA rats ( - 18 + / - 8 , - 26 + / - 15 , and - 54 + / - 11 mm Hg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "tempol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium caused a significantly greater fall in LNNA hypertensive rats ( 76 + / - 9 mm Hg ) compared with control rats ( 35 + / - 10 mm Hg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hexamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carotid arteries , vena cava , and sympathetic ganglia from LNNA rats had higher basal levels of superoxide compared with those from control rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "LNNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that while NO deficiency increases oxidative stress and sympathetic activity in both arterial and venous vessels , the impact on veins does not make a major contribution to this form of hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of DRD2 polymorphisms and chlorpromazine - induced extrapyramidal syndrome in Chinese schizophrenic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "extrapyramidal syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 86]}, {"entity": "schizophrenic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : Extrapyramidal syndrome ( EPS ) is most commonly affected by typical antipsychotic drugs that have a high affinity with the D2 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extrapyramidal syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 29]}, {"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , many research groups have reported on the positive relationship between the genetic variations in the DRD2 gene and the therapeutic response in schizophrenia patients as a result of the role of variations in the receptor in modulating receptor expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we evaluate the role DRD2 plays in chlorpromazine - induced EPS in schizophrenic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "schizophrenic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We identified seven SNP ( single nucleotide polymorphism ) ( - 141Cins > del , TaqIB , TaqID , Ser311Cys , rs6275 , rs6277 and TaqIA ) in the DRD2 gene in 146 schizophrenic inpatients ( 59 with EPS and 87 without EPS according to the Simpson - Angus Scale ) treated with chlorpromazine after 8 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [204, 207]}, {"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [281, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The alleles of all loci were determined by PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Polymorphisms TaqID , Ser311Cys and rs6277 were not polymorphic in the population recruited in the present study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No statistical significance was found in the allele distribution of - 141Cins > del , TaqIB , rs6275 and TaqIA or in the estimated haplotypes ( constituted by TaqIB , rs6275 and TaqIA ) in linkage disequilibrium between the two groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Our results did not lend strong support to the view that the genetic variation of the DRD2 gene plays a major role in the individually variable adverse effect induced by chlorpromazine , at least in Chinese patients with schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results confirmed a previous study on the relationship between DRD2 and EPS in Caucasians .", "entity": [{"entity": "EPS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical training decreases susceptibility to subsequent pilocarpine - induced seizures in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regular motor activity has many benefits for mental and physical condition but its implications for epilepsy are still controversial .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to elucidate this problem , we have studied the effect of long - term physical activity on susceptibility to subsequent seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar rats were subjected to repeated training sessions in a treadmill and swimming pool .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , seizures were induced by pilocarpine injections in trained and non - trained control groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the acute period of status epilepticus , we measured : ( 1 ) the latency of the first motor sign , ( 2 ) the intensity of seizures , ( 3 ) the time when it occurred within the 6 - h observation period , and ( 4 ) the time when the acute period ended .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these behavioral parameters showed statistically significant changes suggesting that regular physical exercises decrease susceptibility to subsequently induced seizures and ameliorate the course of experimentally induced status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 172]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [225, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonic dopaminergic stimulation impairs associative learning in healthy subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "impairs associative learning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endogenous dopamine plays a central role in salience coding during associative learning .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of the dopamine precursor levodopa enhances learning in healthy subjects and stroke patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because levodopa increases both phasic and tonic dopaminergic neurotransmission , the critical mechanism mediating the enhancement of learning is unresolved .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We here probed how selective tonic dopaminergic stimulation affects associative learning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty healthy subjects were trained in a novel vocabulary of 45 concrete nouns over the course of 5 consecutive training days in a prospective , randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled design .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects received the tonically stimulating dopamine - receptor agonist pergolide ( 0 . 1 mg ) vs placebo 120 min before training on each training day .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "pergolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dopamine agonist significantly impaired novel word learning compared to placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "impaired novel word learning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This learning decrement persisted up to the last follow - up 4 weeks post - training .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects treated with pergolide also showed restricted emotional responses compared to the PLACEBO group .", "entity": [{"entity": "pergolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extent of ' flattened ' affect with pergolide was related to the degree of learning inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "pergolide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that tonic occupation of dopamine receptors impairs learning by competition with phasic dopamine signals .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , phasic signaling seems to be the critical mechanism by which dopamine enhances associative learning in healthy subjects and stroke patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Minocycline - induced vasculitis fulfilling the criteria of polyarteritis nodosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Minocycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "polyarteritis nodosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 47 - year - old man who had been taking minocycline for palmoplantar pustulosis developed fever , myalgias , polyneuropathy , and testicular pain , with elevated C - reactive protein ( CRP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minocycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "palmoplantar pustulosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 81]}, {"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "myalgias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "polyneuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 125]}, {"entity": "testicular pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither myeloperoxidase - nor proteinase - 3 - antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was positive .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These manifestations met the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyarteritis nodosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stopping minocycline led to amelioration of symptoms and normalization of CRP level .", "entity": [{"entity": "minocycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the second case of minocycline - induced vasculitis satisfying the criteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "minocycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential diagnosis for drug - induced disease is invaluable even for patients with classical polyarteritis nodosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyarteritis nodosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intramuscular hepatitis B immune globulin combined with lamivudine in prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Combined hepatitis B immune globulin ( HBIg ) and lamivudine in prophylaxis of the recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation has significantly improved the survival of HBsAg positive patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "HBsAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcomes of liver transplantation for patients with hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A retrospective chart analysis and a review of the organ transplant database identified 51 patients ( 43 men and 8 women ) transplanted for benign HBV - related cirrhotic diseases between June 2002 and December 2004 who had survived more than 3 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "cirrhotic diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBIg was administered intravenously during the first week and intramuscularly thereafter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : At a median follow - up of 14 . 1 months , the overall recurrence rate in the 51 patients was 3 . 9 % ( 2 / 51 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall patient survival was 88 . 3 % , and 82 . 4 % after 1 and 2 years , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A daily oral dose of 100 mg lamivudine for 2 weeks before transplantation for 10 patients enabled 57 . 1 % ( 4 / 7 ) and 62 . 5 % ( 5 / 8 ) of HBV - DNA and HBeAg positive patients respectively to convert to be negative .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "HBeAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intramuscular HBIg was well tolerated in all patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Lamivudine combined with intramuscular HBIg can effectively prevent allograft from the recurrence of HBV after liver transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticonvulsant effect of eslicarbazepine acetate ( BIA 2 - 093 ) on seizures induced by microperfusion of picrotoxin in the hippocampus of freely moving rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "eslicarbazepine acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 48]}, {"entity": "BIA 2 - 093", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eslicarbazepine acetate ( BIA 2 - 093 , S - ( - ) - 10 - acetoxy - 10 , 11 - dihydro - 5H - dibenzo / b , f / azepine - 5 - carboxamide ) is a novel antiepileptic drug , now in Phase III clinical trials , designed with the aim of improving efficacy and safety in comparison with the structurally related drugs carbamazepine ( CBZ ) and oxcarbazepine ( OXC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eslicarbazepine acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "BIA 2 - 093", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "S - ( - ) - 10 - acetoxy - 10 , 11 - dihydro - 5H - dibenzo / b , f / azepine - 5 - carboxamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 135]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [310, 323]}, {"entity": "CBZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [326, 329]}, {"entity": "oxcarbazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [336, 349]}, {"entity": "OXC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied the effects of oral treatment with eslicarbazepine acetate on a whole - animal model in which partial seizures can be elicited repeatedly on different days without changes in threshold or seizure patterns .", "entity": [{"entity": "eslicarbazepine acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [204, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the animals treated with threshold doses of picrotoxin , the average number of seizures was 2 . 3 + / - 1 . 2 , and average seizure duration was 39 . 5 + / - 8 . 4s .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - treatment with a dose of 30 mg / kg 2h before picrotoxin microperfusion prevented seizures in the 75 % of the rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lower doses ( 3 and 10mg / kg ) did not suppress seizures , however , after administration of 10mg / kg , significant reductions in seizures duration ( 24 . 3 + / - 6 . 8s ) and seizure number ( 1 . 6 + / - 0 . 34 ) were found .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No adverse effects of eslicarbazepine acetate were observed in the behavioral / EEG patterns studied , including sleep / wakefulness cycle , at the doses studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "eslicarbazepine acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal failure associated with prolonged intake of slimming pills containing anthraquinones .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "anthraquinones", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chinese herbal medicine preparations are widely available and often regarded by the public as natural and safe remedies for a variety of medical conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese herbal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nephropathy caused by Chinese herbs has previously been reported , usually involving the use of aristolochic acids .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "Chinese herbs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "aristolochic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a 23 - year - old woman who developed acute renal failure following prolonged use of a proprietary Chinese herbal slimming pill that contained anthraquinone derivatives , extracted from Rhizoma Rhei ( rhubarb ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 67]}, {"entity": "Chinese herbal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "anthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The renal injury was probably aggravated by the concomitant intake of a non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drug , diclofenac .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal pathology was that of hypocellular interstitial fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous renal recovery occurred upon cessation of the slimming pills , but mild interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy was still evident histologically 4 months later .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although a causal relationship between the use of an anthraquinone - containing herbal agent and renal injury remains to be proven , phytotherapy - associated interstitial nephropathy should be considered in patients who present with unexplained renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthraquinone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 183]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [246, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloroacetaldehyde as a sulfhydryl reagent : the role of critical thiol groups in ifosfamide nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloroacetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chloroacetaldehyde ( CAA ) is a metabolite of the alkylating agent ifosfamide ( IFO ) and putatively responsible for renal damage following anti - tumor therapy with IFO .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloroacetaldehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 152]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depletion of sulfhydryl ( SH ) groups has been reported from cell culture , animal and clinical studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulfhydryl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "SH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work the effect of CAA on human proximal tubule cells in primary culture ( hRPTEC ) was investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity of CAA was determined by protein content , cell number , LDH release , trypan blue exclusion assay and caspase - 3 activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "trypan blue", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Free thiols were measured by the method of Ellman .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAA reduced hRPTEC cell number and protein , induced a loss in free intracellular thiols and an increase in necrosis markers .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 88]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAA but not acrolein inhibited the cysteine proteases caspase - 3 , caspase - 8 and cathepsin B .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caspase activation by cisplatin was inhibited by CAA .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In cells stained with fluorescent dyes targeting lysosomes , CAA induced an increase in lysosomal size and lysosomal leakage .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of CAA on cysteine protease activities and thiols could be reproduced in cell lysate .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acidification , which slowed the reaction of CAA with thiol donors , could also attenuate effects of CAA on necrosis markers , thiol depletion and cysteine protease inhibition in living cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "thiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "cysteine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , CAA directly reacts with cellular protein and non - protein thiols , mediating its toxicity on hRPTEC .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "thiols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect can be reduced by acidification .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , urinary acidification could be an option to prevent IFO nephropathy in patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stereological methods reveal the robust size and stability of ectopic hilar granule cells after pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus in the adult rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following status epilepticus in the rat , dentate granule cell neurogenesis increases greatly , and many of the new neurons appear to develop ectopically , in the hilar region of the hippocampal formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been suggested that the ectopic hilar granule cells could contribute to the spontaneous seizures that ultimately develop after status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the population has never been quantified , so it is unclear whether it is substantial enough to have a strong influence on epileptogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To quantify this population , the total number of ectopic hilar granule cells was estimated using unbiased stereology at different times after pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of hilar neurons immunoreactive for Prox - 1 , a granule - cell - specific marker , was estimated using the optical fractionator method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that the size of the hilar ectopic granule cell population after status epilepticus is substantial , and stable over time .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the size of the population appears to be correlated with the frequency of behavioral seizures , because animals with more ectopic granule cells in the hilus have more frequent behavioral seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hilar ectopic granule cell population does not appear to vary systematically across the septotemporal axis , although it is associated with an increase in volume of the hilus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results provide new insight into the potential role of ectopic hilar granule cells in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "temporal lobe epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A prospective , open - label trial of galantamine in autistic disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "autistic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Post - mortem studies have reported abnormalities of the cholinergic system in autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to assess the use of galantamine , an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor modulator , in the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [193, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Thirteen medication - free children with autism ( mean age , 8 . 8 + / - 3 . 5 years ) participated in a 12 - week , open - label trial of galantamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were rated monthly by parents on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) and the Conners ' Parent Rating Scale - Revised , and by a physician using the Children ' s Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Patients showed a significant reduction in parent - rated irritability and social withdrawal on the ABC as well as significant improvements in emotional lability and inattention on the Conners ' Parent Rating Scale - - Revised .", "entity": [{"entity": "irritability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , clinician ratings showed reductions in the anger subscale of the Children ' s Psychiatric Rating Scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight of 13 participants were rated as responders on the basis of their improvement scores on the Clinical Global Impressions scale .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , galantamine was well - tolerated , with no significant adverse effects apart from headaches in one patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "headaches", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In this open trial , galantamine was well - tolerated and appeared to be beneficial for the treatment of interfering behaviors in children with autism , particularly aggression , behavioral dyscontrol , and inattention .", "entity": [{"entity": "galantamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "autism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 163]}, {"entity": "aggression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "behavioral dyscontrol", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 213]}, {"entity": "inattention", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further controlled trials are warranted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Randomized comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone for the treatment of first - episode schizophrenia : 4 - month outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The authors compared 4 - month treatment outcomes for olanzapine versus risperidone in patients with first - episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : One hundred twelve subjects ( 70 % male ; mean age = 23 . 3 years [ SD = 5 . 1 ] ) with first - episode schizophrenia ( 75 % ) , schizophreniform disorder ( 17 % ) , or schizoaffective disorder ( 8 % ) were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine ( 2 . 5 - 20 mg / day ) or risperidone ( 1 - 6 mg / day ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "schizophreniform disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 163]}, {"entity": "schizoaffective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 202]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 262]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [290, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Response rates did not significantly differ between olanzapine ( 43 . 7 % , 95 % CI = 28 . 8 % - 58 . 6 % ) and risperidone ( 54 . 3 % , 95 % CI = 39 . 9 % - 68 . 7 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those responding to treatment , more subjects in the olanzapine group ( 40 . 9 % , 95 % CI = 16 . 8 % - 65 . 0 % ) than in the risperidone group ( 18 . 9 % , 95 % CI = 0 % - 39 . 2 % ) had subsequent ratings not meeting response criteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Negative symptom outcomes and measures of parkinsonism and akathisia did not differ between medications .", "entity": [{"entity": "parkinsonism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "akathisia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extrapyramidal symptom severity scores were 1 . 4 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 2 - 1 . 6 ) with risperidone and 1 . 2 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 0 - 1 . 4 ) with olanzapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Extrapyramidal symptom", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly more weight gain occurred with olanzapine than with risperidone : the increase in weight at 4 months relative to baseline weight was 17 . 3 % ( 95 % CI = 14 . 2 % - 20 . 5 % ) with olanzapine and 11 . 3 % ( 95 % CI = 8 . 4 % - 14 . 3 % ) with risperidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 205]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Body mass index at baseline and at 4 months was 24 . 3 ( 95 % CI = 22 . 8 - 25 . 7 ) versus 28 . 2 ( 95 % CI = 26 . 7 - 29 . 7 ) with olanzapine and 23 . 9 ( 95 % CI = 22 . 5 - 25 . 3 ) versus 26 . 7 ( 95 % CI = 25 . 2 - 28 . 2 ) with risperidone .", "entity": [{"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Clinical outcomes with risperidone were equal to those with olanzapine , and response may be more stable .", "entity": [{"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Olanzapine may have an advantage for motor side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both medications caused substantial rapid weight gain , but weight gain was greater with olanzapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "olanzapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early paracentral visual field loss in patients taking hydroxychloroquine .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "hydroxychloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To review the natural history and ocular and systemic adverse effects of patients taking hydroxychloroquine sulfate who attended an ophthalmic screening program .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychloroquine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Retrospective study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Records of 262 patients who were taking hydroxychloroquine and screened in the Department of Ophthalmology were reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 262 patients , 14 ( 18 % ) of 76 who had stopped treatment at the time of the study experienced documented adverse effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic adverse effects occurred in 8 patients ( 10 . 5 % ) and ocular adverse effects , in 5 ( 6 . 5 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - five patients ( 13 . 4 % ) had visual field abnormalities , which were attributed to hydroxychloroquine treatment in 4 patients ( 1 . 5 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 66]}, {"entity": "hydroxychloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of the 4 patients were taking less than 6 . 5 mg / kg per day and all patients had normal renal and liver function test results .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The current study used a protocol of visual acuity and color vision assessment , funduscopy , and Humphrey 10 - 2 visual field testing and shows that visual field defects appeared before any corresponding changes in any other tested clinical parameters ; the defects were reproducible and the test parameters were reliable .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients taking hydroxychloroquine can demonstrate a toxic reaction in the retina despite the absence of known risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxychloroquine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Screening , including Humphrey 10 - 2 visual field assessment , is recommended 2 years after the initial baseline and yearly thereafter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peri - operative atrioventricular block as a result of chemotherapy with epirubicin and paclitaxel .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrioventricular block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 39]}, {"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 47 - year - old woman presented for mastectomy and immediate latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction having been diagnosed with carcinoma of the breast 6 months previously .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma of the breast", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the preceding months she had received neo - adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin , paclitaxel ( Taxol ) and cyclophosphamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This had been apparently uncomplicated and she had maintained a remarkably high level of physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was found to be bradycardic at pre - operative assessment but had no cardiac symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second degree Mobitz type II atrioventricular block was diagnosed on electrocardiogram , and temporary transvenous ventricular pacing instituted in the peri - operative period .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrioventricular block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We discuss how evidence - based guidelines would not have been helpful in this case , and how chemotherapy can exhibit substantial cardiotoxicity that may develop over many years .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that patients who have received chemotherapy at any time should have a pre - operative electrocardiogram even if they are asymptomatic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risks and benefits of COX - 2 inhibitors vs non - selective NSAIDs : does their cardiovascular risk exceed their gastrointestinal benefit ?", "entity": [{"entity": "COX - 2 inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective cohort study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The risk of acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) with COX - 2 inhibitors may offset their gastrointestinal ( GI ) benefit compared with non - selective ( NS ) non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 52]}, {"entity": "AMI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "COX - 2 inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We aimed to compare the risks of hospitalization for AMI and GI bleeding among elderly patients using COX - 2 inhibitors , NS - NSAIDs and acetaminophen .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "GI bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "COX - 2 inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data of patients > or = 65 years of age who filled a prescription for NSAID or acetaminophen during 1999 - 2002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Outcomes were compared using Cox regression models with time - dependent exposures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Person - years of exposure among non - users of aspirin were : 75 , 761 to acetaminophen , 42 , 671 to rofecoxib 65 , 860 to celecoxib , and 37 , 495 to NS - NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 122]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among users of aspirin , they were : 14 , 671 to rofecoxib , 22 , 875 to celecoxib , 9 , 832 to NS - NSAIDs and 38 , 048 to acetaminophen .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among non - users of aspirin , the adjusted hazard ratios ( 95 % confidence interval ) of hospitalization for AMI / GI vs the acetaminophen ( with no aspirin ) group were : rofecoxib 1 . 27 ( 1 . 13 , 1 . 42 ) , celecoxib 0 . 93 ( 0 . 83 , 1 . 03 ) , naproxen 1 . 59 ( 1 . 31 , 1 . 93 ) , diclofenac 1 . 17 ( 0 . 99 , 1 . 38 ) and ibuprofen 1 . 05 ( 0 . 74 , 1 . 51 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "AMI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 139]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 221]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [251, 259]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [289, 299]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [331, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among users of aspirin , they were : rofecoxib 1 . 73 ( 1 . 52 , 1 . 98 ) , celecoxib 1 . 34 ( 1 . 19 , 1 . 52 ) , ibuprofen 1 . 51 ( 0 . 95 , 2 . 41 ) , diclofenac 1 . 69 ( 1 . 35 , 2 . 10 ) , naproxen 1 . 35 ( 0 . 97 , 1 . 88 ) and acetaminophen 1 . 29 ( 1 . 17 , 1 . 42 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "diclofenac", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Among non - users of aspirin , naproxen seemed to carry the highest risk for AMI / GI bleeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "AMI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "GI bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The AMI / GI toxicity of celecoxib was similar to that of acetaminophen and seemed to be better than those of rofecoxib and NS - NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among users of aspirin , both celecoxib and naproxen seemed to be the least toxic .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "celecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinine - induced arrhythmia in a patient with severe malaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "severe malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was reported that there was a case of severe malaria patient with jaundice who presented with arrhythmia ( premature ventricular contraction ) while getting quinine infusion was reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "severe malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "premature ventricular contraction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 143]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A man , 25 years old , was admitted to hospital with high fever , chill , vomiting , jaundice .", "entity": [{"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 63]}, {"entity": "chill", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient was fully conscious , blood pressure 120 / 80 mmHg , pulse rate 100 x / minute , regular .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On admission , laboratory examination showed Plasmodium falciparum ( + + + + ) , total bilirubin 8 . 25 mg / dL , conjugated bilirubin 4 . 36 mg / dL , unconjugated bilirubin 3 . 89 mg / dL , potassium 3 . 52 meq / L Patient was diagnosed as severe malaria with jaundice and got quinine infusion in dextrose 5 % 500 mg / 8 hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 201]}, {"entity": "severe malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [242, 256]}, {"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [262, 270]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 286]}, {"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [299, 307]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the second day the patient had vomitus , diarrhea , tinnitus , loss of hearing .", "entity": [{"entity": "vomitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "tinnitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "loss of hearing", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 30 hours of quinine infusion the patient felt palpitation and electrocardiography ( ECG ) recording showed premature ventricular contraction ( PVC ) > 5 x / minute , trigemini , constant type - - sinoatrial block , positive U wave .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "palpitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "premature ventricular contraction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 146]}, {"entity": "PVC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 152]}, {"entity": "sinoatrial block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was treated with lidocaine 50 mg intravenously followed by infusion 1500 mg in dextrose 5 % / 24 hour and potassium aspartate tablet .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "potassium aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinine infusion was discontinued and changed with sulfate quinine tablets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three hours later the patient felt better , the frequency of PVC reduced to 4 - 5 x / minute and on the third day ECG was normal , potassium level was 3 . 34 meq / L .", "entity": [{"entity": "PVC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was discharged on 7th day in good condition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinine , like quinidine , is a chincona alkaloid that has anti - arrhythmic property , although it also pro - arrhythmic that can cause various arrhythmias , including severe arrhythmia such as multiple PVC .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "quinidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "arrhythmic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "arrhythmic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 186]}, {"entity": "PVC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [204, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of parenteral quinine must be done carefully and with good observation because of its pro - arrhythmic effect , especially in older patients who have heart diseases or patients with electrolyte disorder ( hypokalemia ) which frequently occurs due to vomiting and or diarrhea in malaria cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "arrhythmic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "heart diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 179]}, {"entity": "electrolyte disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [197, 217]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [265, 273]}, {"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [281, 289]}, {"entity": "malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [293, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penicillamine - related lichenoid dermatitis and utility of zinc acetate in a Wilson disease patient with hepatic presentation , anxiety and SPECT abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "lichenoid dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "zinc acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Wilson disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilson ' s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper metabolism with consequent copper accumulation and toxicity in many tissues and consequent hepatic , neurologic and psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "copper", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "hepatic , neurologic and psychiatric disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of Wilson ' s disease with chronic liver disease ; moreover , in our patient , presenting also with high levels of state anxiety without depression , 99mTc - ECD - SPECT showed cortical hypoperfusion in frontal lobes , more marked on the left frontal lobe .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "chronic liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 65]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 145]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the follow - up of our patient , penicillamine was interrupted after the appearance of a lichenoid dermatitis , and zinc acetate permitted to continue the successful treatment of the patient without side - effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "lichenoid dermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 116]}, {"entity": "zinc acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our case the therapy with zinc acetate represented an effective treatment for a Wilson ' s disease patient in which penicillamine - related side effects appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The safety of the zinc acetate allowed us to avoid other potentially toxic chelating drugs ; this observation is in line with the growing evidence on the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of Wilson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "zinc acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since most of Wilson ' s disease penicillamine - treated patients do not seem to develop this skin lesion , it could be conceivable that a specific genetic factor is involved in drug response .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "penicillamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "skin lesion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are needed for a better clarification of Wilson ' s disease therapy , and in particular to differentiate specific therapies for different Wilson ' s disease phenotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Wilson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dramatic drop in blood pressure following prehospital GTN administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "drop in blood pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 33]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A male in his sixties with no history of cardiac chest pain awoke with chest pain following an afternoon sleep .", "entity": [{"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient did not self medicate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient ' s observations were within normal limits , he was administered oxygen via a face mask and glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "glyceryl trinitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 123]}, {"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several minutes after the GTN the patient experienced a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate , this was rectified by atropine sulphate and a fluid challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "drop in blood pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 85]}, {"entity": "atropine sulphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no further deterioration in the patient ' s condition during transport to hospital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are very few documented case like this in the prehospital scientific literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cause appears to be the Bezold - Jarish reflex , stimulation of the ventricular walls which in turn decreases sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor centre .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prehospital care providers who are managing any patient with a syncopal episode that fails to recover within a reasonable time frame should consider the Bezold - Jarisch reflex as the cause and manage the patient accordingly .", "entity": [{"entity": "syncopal episode", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic lesion of rostral ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the effects of chronic selective neuronal lesion of rostral ventrolateral medulla on mean arterial pressure , heart rate , and neurogenic tone in conscious , unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [196, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lesions were placed via bilateral microinjections of 30 nmol / 200 nl N - methyl - D - aspartic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The restimulation of this area with N - methyl - D - aspartic acid 15 days postlesion failed to produce a pressor response .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day postlesion , the resting mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased in lesioned rats when compared with sham rats ( 100 + / - 7 versus 173 + / - 4 mm Hg , p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fifteen days later , the lesioned group still showed values significantly lower than the sham group ( 150 + / - 6 versus 167 + / - 5 mm Hg , p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant heart rate differences were observed between the sham and lesioned groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ganglionic blocker trimethaphan ( 5 mg / kg i . v . ) caused similar reductions in mean arterial pressure in both lesioned and sham groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethaphan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trimethaphan - induced hypotension was accompanied by a significant bradycardia in lesioned rats ( - 32 + / - 13 beats per minute ) but a tachycardia in sham rats ( + 33 + / - 12 beats per minute ) 1 day postlesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethaphan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons appear to play a significant role in maintaining hypertension in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spinal or suprabulbar structures could be responsible for the gradual recovery of the hypertension in the lesioned rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute encephalopathy and cerebral vasospasm after multiagent chemotherapy including PEG - asparaginase and intrathecal cytarabine for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "cerebral vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "PEG - asparaginase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "cytarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 7 - year - old girl with an unusual reaction to induction chemotherapy for precursor B - cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 124]}, {"entity": "ALL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient developed acute encephalopathy evidenced by behavioral changes , aphasia , incontinence , visual hallucinations , and right - sided weakness with diffuse cerebral vasospasm on magnetic resonance angiography after the administration of intrathecal cytarabine .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "aphasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "incontinence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "visual hallucinations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 152]}, {"entity": "cerebral vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 184]}, {"entity": "cytarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vincristine , dexamethasone , and polyethylene glycol - asparaginase were also administered before the episode as part of induction therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincristine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "polyethylene glycol - asparaginase", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurologic status returned to baseline within 10 days of the acute event , and magnetic resonance angiography findings returned to normal 4 months later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of valsartan / hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy at doses up to 320 / 25 mg versus monotherapy : a double - blind , placebo - controlled study followed by long - term combination therapy in hypertensive adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "hydrochlorothiazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : One third of patients treated for hypertension attain adequate blood pressure ( BP ) control , and multidrug regimens are often required .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the lifelong nature of hypertension , there is a need to evaluate the long - term efficacy and tolerability of higher doses of combination anti - hypertensive therapies .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of valsartan ( VAL ) or hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) - monotherapy and higher - dose combinations in patients with essential hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "valsartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 78]}, {"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "hydrochlorothiazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "essential hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The first part of this study was an 8 - week , multicenter , randomized , double - blind , placebo controlled , parallel - group trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with essential hypertension ( mean sitting diastolic BP [ MSDBP ] , > or = 95 mm Hg and < 110 mm Hg ) were randomized to 1 of 8 treatment groups : VAL 160 or 320 mg ; HCTZ 12 . 5 or 25 mg ; VAL / HCTZ 160 / 12 . 5 , 320 / 12 . 5 , or 320 / 25 mg ; or placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "essential hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 180]}, {"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 202]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean changes in MSDBP and mean sitting systolic BP ( MSSBP ) were analyzed at the 8 - week core study end point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VAL / HCTZ 320 / 12 . 5 and 320 / 25 mg were further investigated in a 54 - week , open - label extension .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response was defined as MSDBP < 90 mm Hg or a > or = 10 mm Hg decrease compared to baseline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control was defined as MSDBP < 90 mm Hg compared with baseline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tolerability was assessed by monitoring adverse events at randomization and all subsequent study visits and regular evaluation of hematology and blood chemistry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 1346 patients were randomized into the 8 - week core study ( 734 men , 612 women ; 924 white , 291 black , 23 Asian , 108 other ; mean age , 52 . 7 years ; mean weight , 92 . 6 kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All active treatments were associated with significantly reduced MSSBP and MSDBP during the core 8 - week study , with each monotherapy significantly contributing to the overall effect of combination therapy ( VAL and HCTZ , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each combination was associated with significantly greater reductions in MSSBP and MSDBP compared with the monotherapies and placebo ( all , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean reduction in MSSBP / MSDBP with VAL / HCTZ 320 / 25 mg was 24 . 7 / 16 . 6 mm Hg , compared with 5 . 9 / 7 . 0 mm Hg with placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduction in MSSBP was significantly greater with VAL / HCTZ 320 / 25 mg compared with VAL / HCTZ 160 / 12 . 5 mg ( P < 0 . 002 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 94]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rates of response and BP control were significantly higher in the groups that received combination treatment compared with those that received monotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of hypokalemia was lower with VAL / HCTZ combinations ( 1 . 8 % - 6 . 1 % ) than with HCTZ monotherapies ( 7 . 1 % - 13 . 3 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of adverse events in the core study were of mild to moderate severity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficacy and tolerability of VAL / HCTZ combinations were maintained during the extension ( 797 patients ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In this study population , combination therapies with VAL / HCTZ were associated with significantly greater BP reductions compared with either monotherapy , were well tolerated , and were associated with less hypokalemia than HCTZ alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "VAL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 234]}, {"entity": "HCTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Succimer chelation improves learning , attention , and arousal regulation in lead - exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 138]}, {"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : There is growing pressure for clinicians to prescribe chelation therapy at only slightly elevated blood lead levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "lead", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , very few studies have evaluated whether chelation improves cognitive outcomes in Pb - exposed children , or whether these agents have adverse effects that may affect brain development in the absence of Pb exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study was designed to answer these questions , using a rodent model of early childhood Pb exposure and treatment with succimer , a widely used chelating agent for the treatment of Pb poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "Pb poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Pb exposure produced lasting impairments in learning , attention , inhibitory control , and arousal regulation , paralleling the areas of dysfunction seen in Pb - exposed children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "impairments in learning , attention , inhibitory control , and arousal regulation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 120]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Succimer treatment of the Pb - exposed rats significantly improved learning , attention , and arousal regulation , although the efficacy of the treatment varied as a function of the Pb exposure level and the specific functional deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "Succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , succimer treatment of rats not previously exposed to Pb produced lasting and pervasive cognitive and affective dysfunction comparable in magnitude to that produced by the higher Pb exposure regimen .", "entity": [{"entity": "succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "cognitive and affective dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 136]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These are the first data , to our knowledge , to show that treatment with any chelating agent can alleviate cognitive deficits due to Pb exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that it may be possible to identify a succimer treatment protocol that improves cognitive outcomes in Pb - exposed children .", "entity": [{"entity": "succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , they also suggest that succimer treatment should be strongly discouraged for children who do not have elevated tissue levels of Pb or other heavy metals .", "entity": [{"entity": "succimer", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine challenge test in panic disorder and depression with panic attacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "panic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our aim was to observe if patients with panic disorder ( PD ) and patients with major depression with panic attacks ( MDP ) ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition criteria ) respond in a similar way to the induction of panic attacks by an oral caffeine challenge test .", "entity": [{"entity": "panic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 59]}, {"entity": "major depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "MDP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "Mental Disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [253, 266]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We randomly selected 29 patients with PD , 27 with MDP , 25 with major depression without panic attacks ( MD ) , and 28 healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "MDP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "major depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "MD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients had no psychotropic drug for at least a 4 - week period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a randomized double - blind experiment performed in 2 occasions 7 days apart , 480 mg caffeine and a caffeine - free ( placebo ) solution were administered in a coffee form and anxiety scales were applied before and after each test .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [180, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 58 . 6 % ( n = 17 ) of patients with PD , 44 . 4 % ( n = 12 ) of patients with MDP , 12 . 0 % ( n = 3 ) of patients with MD , and 7 . 1 % ( n = 2 ) of control subjects had a panic attack after the 480 - mg caffeine challenge test ( chi ( 2 ) ( 3 ) = 16 . 22 , P = . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "MDP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "MD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "panic attack", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 197]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients with PD and MDP were more sensitive to caffeine than were patients with MD and healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "MDP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "MD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No panic attack was observed after the caffeine - free solution intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "panic attack", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients with MD had a lower heart rate response to the test than all the other groups ( 2 - way analysis of variance , group by time interaction with Greenhouse - Geisser correction : F ( 3 , 762 ) = 2 . 85 , P = . 026 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that there is an association between panic attacks , no matter if associated with PD or MDP , and hyperreactivity to an oral caffeine challenge test .", "entity": [{"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "MDP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitral annuloplasty as a ventricular restoration method for the failing left ventricle : a pilot study .", "entity": [{"entity": "failing left ventricle", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY : Undersized mitral annuloplasty ( MAP ) is effective in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and functional mitral regurgitation ( MR ) since , as well as addressing the MR , the MAP may also reshape the dilated left ventricular ( LV ) base .", "entity": [{"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 125]}, {"entity": "mitral regurgitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 161]}, {"entity": "MR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 166]}, {"entity": "MR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the direct benefits of this possible reshaping on LV function in the absence of underlying MR remain incompletely understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "MR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study aim was to identify these benefits in a canine model of acute heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Six dogs underwent MAP with a prosthetic band on the posterior mitral annulus , using four mattress sutures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The sutures were passed individually through four tourniquets and exteriorized untied via the left atriotomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sonomicrometry crystals were implanted around the mitral annulus and left ventricle to measure geometry and regional function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute heart failure was induced by propranolol and volume loading after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass ; an absence of MR was confirmed by echocardiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "MR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAP was accomplished by cinching the tourniquets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were acquired at baseline , after induction of acute heart failure , and after MAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : MAP decreased mitral annular dimensions in both commissure - commissure and septal - lateral directions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitantly , the diastolic diameter of the LV base and LV sphericity decreased ( i . e . , improved ) from 37 . 4 + / - 9 . 3 to 35 . 9 + / - 10 mm ( p = 0 . 063 ) , and from 67 . 9 + / - 18 . 6 % to 65 . 3 + / - 18 . 9 % ( p = 0 . 016 ) , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreases were evident in both LV end - diastolic pressure ( from 17 + / - 7 to 15 + / - 6 mmHg , p = 0 . 0480 and Tau ( from 48 + / - 8 to 45 + / - 8 ms , p < 0 . 01 ) , while fractional shortening at the LV base increased from 7 . 7 + / - 4 . 5 % to 9 . 4 + / - 4 . 5 % ( p = 0 . 045 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After MAP , increases were identified in both cardiac output ( from 1 . 54 + / - 0 . 57 to 1 . 65 + / - 0 . 57 1 / min ) and Emax ( from 1 . 86 + / - 0 . 9 to 2 . 41 + / - 1 . 31 mmHg / ml ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The data acquired suggest that isolated MAP may have certain benefits on LV dimension / function in acute heart failure , even in the absence of MR .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "MR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , further investigations are warranted in a model of chronic heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piperacillin / tazobactam - induced seizure rapidly reversed by high flux hemodialysis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piperacillin / tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite popular use of piperacillin , the dire neurotoxicity associated with piperacillin still goes unrecognized , leading to a delay in appropriate management .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a 57 - year - old woman with end - stage renal disease receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) , who developed slurred speech , tremor , bizarre behavior , progressive mental confusion , and 2 episodes of generalized tonic - clonic seizure ( GTCS ) after 5 doses of piperacillin / tazobactam ( 2 g / 250 mg ) were given for bronchiectasis with secondary infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 64]}, {"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 165]}, {"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 215]}, {"entity": "tonic - clonic seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 270]}, {"entity": "GTCS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [273, 277]}, {"entity": "piperacillin / tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 322]}, {"entity": "bronchiectasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [355, 369]}, {"entity": "secondary infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [375, 394]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The laboratory data revealed normal plasma electrolyte and ammonia levels but leukocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "leukocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurologic examinations showed dysarthria and bilateral Babinski sign .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysarthria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Computed tomography of brain and electroencephalogram were unremarkable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite the use of antiepileptic agents , another GTCS episode recurred after the sixth dose of piperacillin / tazobactam .", "entity": [{"entity": "GTCS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "piperacillin / tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not demonstrate acute infarction and organic brain lesions .", "entity": [{"entity": "infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "organic brain lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initiation of high - flux hemodialysis rapidly reversed the neurologic symptoms within 4 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piperacillin - induced encephalopathy should be considered in any uremic patients with unexplained neurological manifestations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "uremic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CAPD is inefficient in removing piperacillin , whereas hemodialysis can rapidly terminate the piperacillin - induced encephalopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency of transient ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Especially because of improvements in clinical neurologic monitoring , carotid endarterectomy done under local anesthesia has become the technique of choice in several centers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Temporary ipsilateral vocal nerve palsies due to local anesthetics have been described , however .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal nerve palsies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such complications are most important in situations where there is a pre - existing contralateral paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore examined the effect of local anesthesia on vocal cord function to better understand its possible consequences .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This prospective study included 28 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vocal cord function was evaluated before , during , and after surgery ( postoperative day 1 ) using flexible laryngoscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anesthesia was performed by injecting 20 to 40 mL of a mixture of long - acting ( ropivacaine ) and short - acting ( prilocaine ) anesthetic .", "entity": [{"entity": "ropivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "prilocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All patients had normal vocal cord function preoperatively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve patients ( 43 % ) were found to have intraoperative ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It resolved in all cases < or = 24 hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no significant differences in operating time or volume or frequency of anesthetic administration in patients with temporary vocal cord paralysis compared with those without .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Local anesthesia led to temporary ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis in almost half of these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because pre - existing paralysis is of a relevant frequency ( up to 3 % ) , a preoperative evaluation of vocal cord function before carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia is recommended to avoid intraoperative bilateral paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with preoperative contralateral vocal cord paralysis , surgery under general anesthesia should be considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "vocal cord paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Impaired fear recognition in regular recreational cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "Impaired fear recognition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : The ability to read facial expressions is essential for normal human social interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to conduct the first investigation of facial expression recognition performance in recreational cocaine users .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Three groups , comprised of 21 cocaine naive participants ( CN ) , 30 occasional cocaine ( OC ) , and 48 regular recreational cocaine ( RC ) users , were compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 112]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An emotional facial expression ( EFE ) task consisting of a male and female face expressing six basic emotions ( happiness , surprise , sadness , anger , fear , and disgust ) was administered .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean percent accuracy and latencies for correct responses across eight presentations of each basic emotion were derived .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants were also assessed with the \" Eyes task \" to investigate their ability to recognize more complex emotional states and the Symptom CheckList - 90 - Revised to measure psychopathology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : There were no group differences in psychopathology or \" eyes task \" performance , but the RC group , who otherwise had similar illicit substance use histories to the OC group , exhibited impaired fear recognition accuracy compared to the OC and CN groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "impaired fear recognition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [197, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RC group also correctly identified anger , fear , happiness , and surprise , more slowly than CN , but not OC participants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The OC group was slower than CN when correctly identifying disgust .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The selective deficit in fear recognition accuracy manifested by the RC group cannot be explained by the subacute effects of cocaine , or ecstasy , because recent and less recent users of these drugs within this group were similarly impaired .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficit in fear recognition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 41]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible parallels between RC users and psychopaths with respect to impaired fear recognition , amygdala dysfunction , and etiology are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "psychopaths", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "impaired fear recognition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 93]}, {"entity": "amygdala dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Damage of substantia nigra pars reticulata during pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus in the rat : immunohistochemical study of neurons , astrocytes and serum - protein extravasation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damage of substantia nigra pars reticulata", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 42]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The substantia nigra has a gating function controlling the spread of epileptic seizure activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "epileptic seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , in models of prolonged status epilepticus the pars reticulata of substantia nigra ( SNR ) suffers from a massive lesion which may arise from a massive metabolic derangement and hyperexcitation developing in the activated SNR .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolonged status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 56]}, {"entity": "metabolic derangement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , status epilepticus was induced by systemic injection of pilocarpine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neuropathology of SNR was investigated using immunohistochemical techniques with the major emphasis on the time - course of changes in neurons and astrocytes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals surviving 20 , 30 , 40 , 60 min , 2 , 3 , 6 hours , 1 , 2 , and 3 days after induction of status epilepticus were perfusion - fixed , and brains processed for immunohistochemical staining of SNR .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nissl - staining and antibodies against the neuron - specific calcium - binding protein , parvalbumin , served to detect neuronal damage in SNR .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "neuronal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies against the astroglia - specific cytoskeletal protein , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , and against the glial calcium - binding protein , S - 100 protein , were used to assess the status of astrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical staining for serum - albumin and immunoglobulins in brain tissue was taken as indicator of blood - brain barrier disturbances and vasogenic edema formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasogenic edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical staining indicated loss of GFAP - staining already at 30 min after induction of seizures in an oval focus situated in the center of SNR while sparing medial and lateral aspects .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 h there was additional vacuolation in S - 100 protein staining .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 2 hours , parvalbumin - staining changed in the central SNR indicating neuronal damage , and Nissl - staining visualized some neuronal distortion .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuronal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Staining for serum - proteins occurred in a patchy manner throughout the forebrain during the first hours .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 6 h , vasogenic edema covered the lesioned SNR .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasogenic edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "lesioned SNR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 24 h , glial and neuronal markers indicated a massive lesion in the center of SNR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 48 - 72 h , astrocytes surrounding the lesion increased in size , and polymorphic phagocytotic cells invaded the damaged area .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a further group of animals surviving 1 to 5 days , conventional paraffin - sections confirmed the neuronal and glial damage of SNR .", "entity": [{"entity": "damage of SNR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional pathology of similar quality was found in the globus pallidus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since astrocytes were always damaged in parallel with neurons in SNR it is proposed that the anatomical and functional interrelationship between neurons and astrocytes is particularly tight in SNR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cell elements may suffer in common from metabolic disturbance and neurotransmitter dysfunction as occur during massive status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotransmitter dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 99]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroprotective effects of melatonin upon the offspring cerebellar cortex in the rat model of BCNU - induced cortical dysplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "cortical dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cortical dysplasia is a malformation characterized by defects in proliferation , migration and maturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cortical dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to evaluate the alterations in offspring rat cerebellum induced by maternal exposure to carmustine - [ 1 , 3 - bis ( 2 - chloroethyl ) - 1 - nitrosoure ] ( BCNU ) and to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin upon cerebellar BCNU - induced cortical dysplasia , using histological and biochemical analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "carmustine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 122]}, {"entity": "1 , 3 - bis ( 2 - chloroethyl ) - 1 - nitrosoure", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 175]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 184]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [257, 261]}, {"entity": "cortical dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [272, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to five groups : intact - control , saline - control , melatonin - treated , BCNU - exposed and BCNU - exposed plus melatonin .", "entity": [{"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were exposed to BCNU on embryonic day 15 and melatonin was given until delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immuno / histochemistry and electron microscopy were carried out on the offspring cerebellum , and levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathologically , typical findings were observed in the cerebella from the control groups , but the findings consistent with early embryonic development were noted in BCNU - exposed cortical dysplasia group .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 175]}, {"entity": "cortical dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a marked increase in the number of TUNEL positive cells and nestin positive cells in BCNU - exposed group , but a decreased immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein , synaptophysin and transforming growth factor beta1 was observed , indicating a delayed maturation , and melatonin significantly reversed these changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 99]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Malondialdehyde level in BCNU - exposed group was higher than those in control groups and melatonin decreased malondialdehyde levels in BCNU group ( P < 0 . 01 ) , while there were no significant differences in the superoxide dismutase levels between these groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 125]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 140]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that exposure of animals to BCNU during pregnancy leads to delayed maturation of offspring cerebellum and melatonin protects the cerebellum against the effects of BCNU .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "melatonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin given in the form of N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide conjugates : and experimental study in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rat model was used to evaluate the general acute toxicity and the late cardiotoxicity of 4 mg / kg doxorubicin ( DOX ) given either as free drug or in the form of three N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide ( HPMA ) copolymer conjugates .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "N - ( 2 - hydroxypropyl ) methacrylamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 211]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these HPMA copolymers , DOX was covalently bound via peptide linkages that were either non - biodegradable ( Gly - Gly ) or degradable by lysosomal proteinases ( Gly - Phe - Leu - Gly ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "Gly - Phe - Leu - Gly", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , one biodegradable conjugate containing galactosamine was used ; this residue was targeted to the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactosamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the first 3 weeks after the i . v . administration of free and polymer - bound DOX , all animals showed a transient reduction in body weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the maximal reduction in body weight seen in animals that received polymer - bound DOX ( 4 mg / kg ) was significantly lower than that observed in those that received free DOX ( 4 mg / kg ) or a mixture of the unmodified parent HPMA copolymer and free DOX ( 4 mg / kg ; P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 242]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Throughout the study ( 20 weeks ) , deaths related to cardiotoxicity were observed only in animals that received either free DOX or the mixture of HPMA copolymer and free DOX ; in these cases , histological investigations revealed marked changes in the heart that were consistent with DOX - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 151]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 288]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [299, 313]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequential measurements of cardiac output in surviving animals that received either free DOX or the mixture of HPMA copolymer and free DOX showed a reduction of approximately 30 % in function beginning at the 4th week after drug administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heart rate in these animals was approximately 12 % lower than that measured in age - matched control rats ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals that were given the HPMA copolymer conjugates containing DOX exhibited no significant change in cardiac output throughout the study ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , no significant histological change was observed in the heart of animals that received DOX in the form of HPMA copolymer conjugates and were killed at the end of the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "HPMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these animals had shown a significant increase in heart rate beginning at 8 weeks after drug administration ( P less than 0 . 01 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Corneal ulcers associated with aerosolized crack cocaine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : We report 4 cases of corneal ulcers associated with drug abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "drug abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathogenesis of these ulcers and management of these patients are also reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Review of all cases of corneal ulcers associated with drug abuse seen at our institution from July 2006 to December 2006 .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "drug abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Four patients with corneal ulcers associated with crack cocaine use were reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All corneal ulcers were cultured , and the patients were admitted to the hospital for intensive topical antibiotic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each patient received comprehensive health care , including medical and substance abuse consultations .", "entity": [{"entity": "substance abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Streptococcal organisms were found in 3 cases and Capnocytophaga and Brevibacterium casei in 1 patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The infections responded to antibiotic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients needed a lateral tarsorrhaphy for persistent epithelial defects .", "entity": [{"entity": "epithelial defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Aerosolized crack cocaine use can be associated with the development of corneal ulcers .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "corneal ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug abuse provides additional challenges for management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drug abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Not only treatment of their infections but also the overall poor health of the patients and increased risk of noncompliance need to be addressed .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comprehensive care may provide the patient the opportunity to discontinue their substance abuse , improve their overall health , and prevent future corneal complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "substance abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topical 0 . 025 % capsaicin in chronic post - herpetic neuralgia : efficacy , predictors of response and long - term course .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "post - herpetic neuralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to evaluate the efficacy , time - course of action and predictors of response to topical capsaicin , 39 patients with chronic post - herpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) , median duration 24 months , were treated with 0 . 025 % capsaicin cream for 8 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "post - herpetic neuralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 160]}, {"entity": "PHN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 166]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [227, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During therapy the patients rated their pain on a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and a verbal outcome scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A follow - up investigation was performed 10 - 12 months after study onset on the patients who had improved .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nineteen patients ( 48 . 7 % ) substantially improved after the 8 - week trial ; 5 ( 12 . 8 % ) discontinued therapy due to side - effects such as intolerable capsaicin - induced burning sensations ( 4 ) or mastitis ( 1 ) ; 15 ( 38 . 5 % ) reported no benefit .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "mastitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease in VAS ratings was significant after 2 weeks of continuous application .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the responders 72 . 2 % were still improved at the follow - up ; only one - third of them had continued application irregularly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment effect was not dependent on patient ' s age , duration or localization of PHN ( trigeminal involvement was excluded ) , sensory disturbance or pain character .", "entity": [{"entity": "PHN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "sensory disturbance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 149]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment response was not correlated with the incidence , time - course or severity of capsaicin - induced burning .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If confirmed in controlled trials , the long - term results of this open , non - randomized study might indicate that the analgesic effect of capsaicin in PHN is mediated by both interference with neuropeptide metabolism and morphological changes ( perhaps degeneration ) of nociceptive afferents .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "PHN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myo - inositol - 1 - phosphate ( MIP ) synthase inhibition : in - vivo study in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myo - inositol - 1 - phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "MIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium and valproate are the prototypic mood stabilizers and have diverse structures and targets .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both drugs influence inositol metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium inhibits IMPase and valproate inhibits MIP synthase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "MIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that MIP synthase inhibition does not replicate or augment the effects of lithium in the inositol sensitive pilocarpine - induced seizures model .", "entity": [{"entity": "MIP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This lack of effects may stem from the low contribution of de - novo synthesis to cellular inositol supply or to the inhibition of the de - novo synthesis by lithium itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "inositol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs - associated acute interstitial nephritis with granular tubular basement membrane deposits .", "entity": [{"entity": "interstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute tubulo - interstitial nephritis ( ATIN ) is an important cause of acute renal failure resulting from a variety of insults , including immune complex - mediated tubulo - interstitial injury , but drugs such as non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are a far more frequent cause .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute tubulo - interstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "ATIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "tubulo - interstitial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , as an entity , ATIN remains under - diagnosed , as symptoms resolve spontaneously if the medication is stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on a 14 - year - old boy who developed acute renal failure 2 weeks after aortic valve surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was put on aspirin following surgery and took ibuprofen for fever for nearly a week prior to presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He then presented to the emergency department feeling quite ill and was found to have a blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) concentration of of 147 mg / dl , creatinine of 15 . 3 mg / dl and serum potassium of 8 . 7 mEq / l .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood urea nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 107]}, {"entity": "BUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dialysis was immediately initiated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A kidney biopsy showed inflammatory infiltrate consistent with ATIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in the tubular basement membrane ( TBM ) , very intense granular deposits of polyclonal IgG and C3 were noted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He needed dialysis for 2 weeks and was treated successfully with steroids for 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His renal recovery and disappearance of proteinuria took a year .", "entity": [{"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , this is a first report of NSAIDs - associated ATIN , showing deposits of granular immune complex present only in the TBM and not in the glomeruli .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATIN", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rifampicin - associated segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis in staphylococcal endocarditis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "staphylococcal endocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis has been reported as complication of rifampicin therapy in patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "tuberculosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changing epidemiology of infections such as infective endocarditis ( IE ) has led to an increase in the use of rifampicin for Staphylococcal infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "infective endocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 66]}, {"entity": "IE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Staphylococcal infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a case of a patient with Staphylococcal IE who developed acute renal failure secondary to a segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis while being treated with rifampicin , and review the literature regarding this complication of rifampicin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Staphylococcal IE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 144]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rate of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B virus infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Lamivudine is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies show that the YMDD motif mutants ( resistant hepatitis B virus ) occur as natural genome variability in lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we aimed to determine the rate of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients in Iran .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : A total of 77 chronic hepatitis B patients who had not been treated with lamivudine were included in the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum samples from patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR - RFLP ) for detection of YMDD motif mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were also tested for liver enzymes , anti - HCV , HBeAg , and anti - HBe .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBeAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of the 77 patients enrolled in the study , 73 % were male and 27 % were female .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean ALT and AST levels were 124 . 4 + / - 73 . 4 and 103 . 1 + / - 81 IU / l , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBeAg was positive in 40 % and anti - HBe in 60 % of the patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBeAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - HCV was negative in all of them .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "YMDD motif mutants were not detected in any of the patients despite the liver enzyme levels and the presence of HBeAg or anti - HBe .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBeAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Although the natural occurrence of YMDD motif mutants in lamivudine - untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B has been reported , these mutants were not detected in Iranian lamivudine - untreated chronic hepatitis B patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 126]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "chronic hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Branch retinal vein occlusion and fluoxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal vein occlusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 29]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of branch retinal vein occlusion associated with fluoxetine - induced secondary hypertension is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal vein occlusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 39]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although an infrequent complication of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy , it is important that ophthalmologists are aware that these agents can cause hypertension because this class of drugs is widely prescribed .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The differential effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on prostaglandin E2 release , cyclooxygenase gene expression and pain in a clinical pain model .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : In addition to blocking nociceptive input from surgical sites , long - acting local anesthetics might directly modulate inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we describe the proinflammatory effects of bupivacaine on local prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) production and cyclooxygenase ( COX ) gene expression that increases postoperative pain in human subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin E2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 110]}, {"entity": "postoperative pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Subjects ( n = 114 ) undergoing extraction of impacted third molars received either 2 % lidocaine or 0 . 5 % bupivacaine before surgery and either rofecoxib 50 mg or placebo orally 90 min before surgery and for the following 48 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral mucosal biopsies were taken before surgery and 48 h after surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After extraction , a microdialysis probe was placed at the surgical site for PGE2 and thromboxane B2 ( TXB2 ) measurements .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "thromboxane B2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "TXB2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The bupivacaine / rofecoxib group reported significantly less pain , as assessed by a visual analog scale , compared with the other three treatment groups over the first 4 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "rofecoxib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the bupivacaine / placebo group reported significantly more pain at 24 h and PGE2 levels during the first 4 h were significantly higher than the other three treatment groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , bupivacaine significantly increased COX - 2 gene expression at 48 h as compared with the lidocaine / placebo group .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thromboxane levels were not significantly affected by any of the treatments , indicating that the effects seen were attributable to inhibition of COX - 2 , but not COX - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thromboxane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that bupivacaine stimulates COX - 2 gene expression after tissue injury , which is associated with higher PGE2 production and pain after the local anesthetic effect dissipates .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "tissue injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 107]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p75NTR expression in rat urinary bladder sensory neurons and spinal cord with cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A role for nerve growth factor ( NGF ) in contributing to increased voiding frequency and altered sensation from the urinary bladder has been suggested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have examined the expression and regulation of tyrosine kinase receptors ( Trks ) in micturition reflexes with urinary bladder inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "urinary bladder inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present studies examine the expression and regulation of another receptor known to bind NGF , p75 ( NTR ) , after various durations of bladder inflammation induced by cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 159]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 187]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CYP - induced cystitis increased ( P < or = 0 . 001 ) p75 ( NTR ) expression in the superficial lateral and medial dorsal horn in L1 - L2 and L6 - S1 spinal segments .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of p75 ( NTR ) - immunoreactive ( - IR ) cells in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) also increased ( P < or = 0 . 05 ) with CYP - induced cystitis ( acute , intermediate , and chronic ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative , real - time polymerase chain reaction also demonstrated significant increases ( P < or = 0 . 01 ) in p75 ( NTR ) mRNA in DRG with intermediate and chronic CYP - induced cystitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 173]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Retrograde dye - tracing techniques with Fastblue were used to identify presumptive bladder afferent cells in the lumbosacral DRG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In bladder afferent cells in DRG , p75 ( NTR ) - IR was also increased ( P < or = 0 . 01 ) with cystitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to increases in p75 ( NTR ) - IR in DRG cell bodies , increases ( P < or = 0 . 001 ) in pericellular ( encircling DRG cells ) p75 ( NTR ) - IR in DRG also increased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal analyses demonstrated that pericellular p75 ( NTR ) - IR was not colocalized with the glial marker , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies demonstrate that p75 ( NTR ) expression in micturition reflexes is present constitutively and modified by bladder inflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bladder inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The functional significance of p75 ( NTR ) expression in micturition reflexes remains to be determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azathioprine - induced suicidal erythrocyte death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Azathioprine is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The side effects of azathioprine include anemia , which has been attributed to bone marrow suppression .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , anemia could result from accelerated suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis , which is characterized by exposure of phosphatidylserine ( PS ) at the erythrocyte surface and by cell shrinkage .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "phosphatidylserine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 151]}, {"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : The present experiments explored whether azathioprine influences eryptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to annexin V binding , erythrocytes from patients indeed showed a significant increase of PS exposure within 1 week of treatment with azathioprine .", "entity": [{"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a second series , cytosolic Ca2 + activity ( Fluo3 fluorescence ) , cell volume ( forward scatter ) , and PS - exposure ( annexin V binding ) were determined by FACS analysis in erythrocytes from healthy volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "Fluo3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Exposure to azathioprine ( > or = 2 microg / mL ) for 48 hours increased cytosolic Ca2 + activity and annexin V binding and decreased forward scatter .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "Ca2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of azathioprine on both annexin V binding and forward scatter was significantly blunted in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2 + .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "Ca2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Azathioprine triggers suicidal erythrocyte death , an effect presumably contributing to azathioprine - induced anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "idiopathic epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To assess pharmacokinetics , efficacy , and tolerability of oral levetiracetam administered as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with poorly controlled suspected idiopathic epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 90]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 134]}, {"entity": "idiopathic epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN - Open - label , noncomparative clinical trial .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANIMALS : 12 cats suspected to have idiopathic epilepsy that was poorly controlled with phenobarbital or that had unacceptable adverse effects when treated with phenobarbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PROCEDURES : Cats were treated with levetiracetam ( 20 mg / kg [ 9 . 1 mg / lb ] , PO , q 8 h ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a minimum of 1 week of treatment , serum levetiracetam concentrations were measured before and 2 , 4 , and 6 hours after drug administration , and maximum and minimum serum concentrations and elimination half - life were calculated .", "entity": [{"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizure frequencies before and after initiation of levetiracetam treatment were compared , and adverse effects were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Median maximum serum levetiracetam concentration was 25 . 5 microg / mL , median minimum serum levetiracetam concentration was 8 . 3 microg / mL , and median elimination half - life was 2 . 9 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median seizure frequency prior to treatment with levetiracetam ( 2 . 1 seizures / mo ) was significantly higher than median seizure frequency after initiation of levetiracetam treatment ( 0 . 42 seizures / mo ) , and 7 of 10 cats were classified as having responded to levetiracetam treatment ( ie , reduction in seizure frequency of > or = 50 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 131]}, {"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 203]}, {"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 282]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [313, 320]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cats had transient lethargy and inappetence .", "entity": [{"entity": "lethargy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "inappetence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Results suggested that levetiracetam is well tolerated in cats and may be useful as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with idiopathic epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "levetiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "idiopathic epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serotonin reuptake inhibitors , paranoia , and the ventral basal ganglia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "paranoia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antidepressants have previously been associated with paranoid reactions in psychiatric patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "paranoid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five cases of paranoid exacerbation with the serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine and amitriptyline are reported here .", "entity": [{"entity": "paranoid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "amitriptyline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Elements common to these cases included a history of paranoid symptomatology and the concomitant occurrence of depressive and psychotic symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "paranoid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "depressive and psychotic symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complicated depressive disorders ( including atypicality of course and symptomatology , chronicity , psychosis , bipolarity , and secondary onset in the course of a primary psychosis ) may present particular vulnerability to paranoid exacerbations associated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressive disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 32]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "paranoid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [225, 233]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [264, 273]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the pharmacology and neurobiology of paranoia remain cryptic , several mechanisms , including 5HT3 receptor - mediated dopamine release , beta - noradrenergic receptor downregulation , or GABAB receptor upregulation acting in the vicinity of the ventral basal ganglia ( possibly in lateral orbitofrontal or anterior cingulate circuits ) , might apply to this phenomenon .", "entity": [{"entity": "paranoia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These cases call attention to possible paranoid exacerbations with serotonin reuptake blockers in select patients and raise neurobiological considerations regarding paranoia .", "entity": [{"entity": "paranoid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "paranoia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical comparison of cardiorespiratory effects during unilateral and conventional spinal anaesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Spinal anaesthesia is widely employed in clinical practice but has the main drawback of post - spinal block hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efforts must therefore continue to be made to obviate this setback OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the cardiovascular and respiratory changes during unilateral and conventional spinal anaesthesia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : With ethical approval , we studied 74 American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) , physical status class 1 and 2 patients scheduled for elective unilateral lower limb surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups : lateral and conventional spinal anaesthesia groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the lateral position with operative side down , patients recived 10 mg ( 2mls ) of 0 . 5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine through a 25 - gauge spinal needle .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in the unilateral group were maintained in the lateral position for 15 minutes following spinal injection while those in the conventional group were turned supine immediately after injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood pressure , heart rate , respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were monitored over 1 hour .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Three patients ( 8 . 1 % ) in the unilateral group and 5 ( 13 . 5 % ) in the conventional group developed hypotension , P = 0 . 71 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four ( 10 . 8 % ) patients in the conventional group and 1 ( 2 . 7 % ) in the unilateral group , P = 0 . 17 required epinephrine infusion to treat hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients in the conventional group had statistically significant greater fall in the systolic blood pressures at 15 , 30 and 45 minutes when compared to the baseline ( P = 0 . 003 , 0 . 001 and 0 . 004 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean respiratory rate and oxygen saturations in the two groups were similar .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Compared to conventional spinal anaesthesia , unilateral spinal anaesthesia was associated with fewer cardiovascular perturbations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the type of spinal block instituted affected neither the respiratory rate nor the arterial oxygen saturation .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spectrum of adverse events after generic HAART in southern Indian HIV - infected patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the incidence of clinically significant adverse events after long - term , fixed - dose , generic highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) use among HIV - infected individuals in South India , we examined the experiences of 3154 HIV - infected individuals who received a minimum of 3 months of generic HAART between February 1996 and December 2006 at a tertiary HIV care referral center in South India .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 182]}, {"entity": "HIV - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common regimens were 3TC + d4T + nevirapine ( NVP ) ( 54 . 8 % ) , zidovudine ( AZT ) + 3TC + NVP ( 14 . 5 % ) , 3TC + d4T + efavirenz ( EFV ) ( 20 . 1 % ) , and AZT + 3TC + EFV ( 5 . 4 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "nevirapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "zidovudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "efavirenz", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 143]}, {"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "AZT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "3TC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 180]}, {"entity": "EFV", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common adverse events and median CD4 at time of event were rash ( 15 . 2 % ; CD4 , 285 cells / microL ) and peripheral neuropathy ( 9 . 0 % and 348 cells / microL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinically significant anemia ( hemoglobin < 7 g / dL ) was observed in 5 . 4 % of patients ( CD4 , 165 cells / microL ) and hepatitis ( clinical jaundice with alanine aminotransferase > 5 times upper limits of normal ) in 3 . 5 % of patients ( CD4 , 260 cells / microL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Women were significantly more likely to experience lactic acidosis , while men were significantly more likely to experience immune reconstitution syndrome ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lactic acidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "immune reconstitution syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the patients with 1 year of follow - up , NVP therapy was significantly associated with developing rash and d4T therapy with developing peripheral neuropathy ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "NVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "d4T", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anemia and hepatitis often occur within 12 weeks of initiating generic HAART .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequent and early monitoring for these toxicities is warranted in developing countries where generic HAART is increasingly available .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thalidomide and sensory neurotoxicity : a neurophysiological study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "sensory neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Recent studies confirmed a high incidence of sensory axonal neuropathy in patients treated with different doses of thalidomide .", "entity": [{"entity": "sensory axonal neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 83]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study ' s aims were to measure variations in sural nerve sensory action potential ( SAP ) amplitude in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus ( CLE ) treated with thalidomide and use these findings to identify the neurotoxic potential of thalidomide and the recovery capacity of sensory fibres after discontinuation of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cutaneous lupus erythematosus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 161]}, {"entity": "CLE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 167]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 244]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : Clinical and electrophysiological data in 12 female patients with CLE during treatment with thalidomide and up to 47 months after discontinuation of treatment were analysed .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sural nerve SAP amplitude reduction > or = 40 % was the criteria for discontinuing therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : During treatment , 11 patients showed a reduction in sural nerve SAP amplitude compared to baseline values ( 9 with a reduction > or = 50 % and 2 < 50 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient showed no changes in SAP amplitude .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five patients complained of paresthesias and leg cramps .", "entity": [{"entity": "paresthesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "cramps", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After thalidomide treatment , sural SAP amplitude recovered in 3 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At detection of reduction in sural nerve SAP amplitude , the median thalidomide cumulative dose was 21 . 4 g .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The threshold neurotoxic dosage is lower than previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Sural nerve SAP amplitude reduction is a reliable and sensitive marker of degeneration and recovery of sensory fibres .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This electrophysiological parameter provides information about subclinical neurotoxic potential of thalidomide but is not helpful in predicting the appearance of sensory symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five cases of encephalitis during treatment of loiasis with diethylcarbamazine .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "loiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "diethylcarbamazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five cases of encephalitis following treatment with diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) were observed in Congolese patients with Loa loa filariasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "diethylcarbamazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "DEC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "filariasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases had a fatal outcome and one resulted in severe sequelae .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The notable fact was that this complication occurred in three patients hospitalized before treatment began , with whom particularly strict therapeutic precautions were taken , i . e . , initial dose less than 10 mg of DEC , very gradual dose increases , and associated anti - allergic treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This type of drug - induced complication may not be that uncommon in highly endemic regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occurs primarily , but not exclusively , in subjects presenting with a high microfilarial load .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship between the occurrence of encephalitis and the decrease in microfilaremia is evident .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "microfilaremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed in the light of these observations and the few other comments on this subject published in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone - related pulmonary mass and unique membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with valvular heart disease : Diagnostic pitfall and new findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "pulmonary mass", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "membranous glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 76]}, {"entity": "valvular heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone is an anti - arrhythmic drug for life - threatening tachycardia , but various adverse effects have been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "arrhythmic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reported herein is an autopsy case of valvular heart disease , in a patient who developed a lung mass ( 1 . 5 cm in diameter ) and proteinuria ( 2 . 76 g / day ) after treatment with amiodarone for a long time .", "entity": [{"entity": "valvular heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "lung mass", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lung mass was highly suspected to be lung cancer on CT and positron emission tomography , but histologically the lesion was composed of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in alveolar walls and intra - alveolar accumulation of foamy macrophages containing characteristic myelinoid bodies , indicating that it was an amiodarone - related lesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung mass", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [314, 324]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the lung tissue had unevenly distributed hemosiderin deposition , and abnormally tortuous capillaries were seen in the mass and in heavily hemosiderotic lung portions outside the mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemosiderin", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "hemosiderotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the kidneys , glomeruli had membrane spikes , prominent swelling of podocytes and subepithelial deposits , which were sometimes large and hump - like .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autoimmune diseases , viral hepatitis , malignant neoplasms or other diseases with a known relationship to membranous glomerulonephritis were not found .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autoimmune diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "viral hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "neoplasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "membranous glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present case highlights the possibility that differential diagnosis between an amiodarone - related pulmonary lesion and a neoplasm can be very difficult radiologically , and suggests that membranous glomerulonephritis might be another possible complication of amiodarone treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "pulmonary lesion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "neoplasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "membranous glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [193, 222]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [265, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk of coronary artery disease associated with initial sulphonylurea treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes : a matched case - control study .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 31]}, {"entity": "sulphonylurea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "type 2 diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : This study sought to assess the risk of developing coronary artery disease ( CAD ) associated with initial treatment of type 2 diabetes with different sulphonylureas .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 81]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "type 2 diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "sulphonylureas", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : In type 2 diabetic patients , cases who developed CAD were compared retrospectively with controls that did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "type 2 diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 20 - year risk of CAD at diagnosis of diabetes , using the UKPDS risk engine , was used to match cases with controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The 76 cases of CAD were compared with 152 controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hazard of developing CAD ( 95 % CI ) associated with initial treatment increased by 2 . 4 - fold ( 1 . 3 - 4 . 3 , P = 0 . 004 ) with glibenclamide ; 2 - fold ( 0 . 9 - 4 . 6 , P = 0 . 099 ) with glipizide ; 2 . 9 - fold ( 1 . 6 - 5 . 1 , P = 0 . 000 ) with either , and was unchanged with metformin .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 151]}, {"entity": "glipizide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 209]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hazard decreased 0 . 3 - fold ( 0 . 7 - 1 . 7 , P = 0 . 385 ) with glimepiride , 0 . 4 - fold ( 0 . 7 - 1 . 3 , P = 0 . 192 ) with gliclazide , and 0 . 4 - fold ( 0 . 7 - 1 . 1 , P = 0 . 09 ) with either .", "entity": [{"entity": "glimepiride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "gliclazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Initiating treatment of type 2 diabetes with glibenclamide or glipizide is associated with increased risk of CAD in comparison to gliclazide or glimepiride .", "entity": [{"entity": "type 2 diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "glipizide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "CAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "gliclazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "glimepiride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If confirmed , this may be important because most Indian patients receive the cheaper older sulphonylureas , and present guidelines do not distinguish between individual agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "sulphonylureas", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reduced progression of adriamycin nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated by losartan .", "entity": [{"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effects of angiotensin II type - 1 receptor blocker , losartan , and its potential in slowing down renal disease progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) with adriamycin ( ADR ) nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 99]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 186]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [216, 228]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 257]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [260, 263]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [266, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Six - month - old female SHR were randomly selected in six groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two control groups ( SH ( 6 ) , SH ( 12 ) ) received vehicle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups ADR ( 6 ) , ADR + LOS ( 6 ) and ADR ( 12 ) , and ADR + LOS ( 12 ) received ADR ( 2 mg / kg / b . w . i . v . ) twice in a 3 - week interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "LOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "LOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group ADR + LOS ( 6 ) received losartan ( 10 mg / kg / b . w . / day by gavages ) for 6 weeks and group ADR + LOS ( 12 ) for 12 weeks after second injection of ADR .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "LOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 107]}, {"entity": "LOS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were killed after 6 or 12 weeks , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haemodynamic measurements were performed on anaesthetized animals , blood and urine samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the left kidney was processed for morphological studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Short - term losartan treatment , besides antihypertensive effect , improved glomerular filtration rate and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis resulting in decreased proteinuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 148]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged treatment with losartan showed further reduction of glomerulosclerosis associated with reduced progression of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis , thus preventing heavy proteinuria and chronic renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 135]}, {"entity": "interstitial fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 161]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 197]}, {"entity": "chronic renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Losartan reduced uraemia and increased urea clearance in advanced ADR nephropathy in SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "uraemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological examination showed that losartan could prevent tubular atrophy , interstitial infiltration and fibrosis in ADR nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Losartan reduces the rate of progression of ADR - induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to end - stage renal disease in SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "Losartan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "ADR", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 105]}, {"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risks of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery : a one - year follow - up of 1188 consecutive patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Our aim was to investigate postoperative complications and mortality after administration of aprotinin compared to tranexamic acid in an unselected , consecutive cohort .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Perioperative data from consecutive cardiac surgery patients were prospectively collected between September 2005 and June 2006 in a university - affiliated clinic ( n = 1188 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first 5 mo , 596 patients received aprotinin ( Group A ) ; in the next 5 mo , 592 patients were treated with tranexamic acid ( Group T ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Except for antifibrinolytic therapy , the anesthetic and surgical protocols remained unchanged .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The pre - and intraoperative variables were comparable between the treatment groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postoperatively , a significantly higher incidence of seizures was found in Group T ( 4 . 6 % vs 1 . 2 % , P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference was also significant in the primary valve surgery and the high risk surgery subgroups ( 7 . 9 % vs 1 . 2 % , P = 0 . 003 ; 7 . 3 % vs 2 . 4 % , P = 0 . 035 , respectively ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Persistent atrial fibrillation ( 7 . 9 % vs 2 . 3 % , P = 0 . 020 ) and renal failure ( 9 . 7 % vs 1 . 7 % , P = 0 . 002 ) were also more common in Group T , in the primary valve surgery subgroup .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , among primary coronary artery bypass surgery patients , there were more acute myocardial infarctions and renal dysfunction in Group A ( 5 . 8 % vs 2 . 0 % , P = 0 . 027 ; 22 . 5 % vs 15 . 2 % , P = 0 . 036 , respectively ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarctions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 118]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1 - yr mortality was significantly higher after aprotinin treatment in the high risk surgery group ( 17 . 7 % vs 9 . 8 % , P = 0 . 034 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Both antifibrinolytic drugs bear the risk of adverse outcome depending on the type of cardiac surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of aprotinin should be avoided in coronary artery bypass graft and high risk patients , whereas administration of tranexamic acid is not recommended in valve surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delirium in an elderly woman possibly associated with administration of misoprostol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Misoprostol has been associated with adverse reactions , including gastrointestinal symptoms , gynecologic problems , and headache .", "entity": [{"entity": "Misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in mental status , however , have not been reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a case in which an 89 - year - old woman in a long - term care facility became confused after the initiation of misoprostol therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient ' s change in mental status was first reported nine days after the initiation of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her delirium significantly improved after misoprostol was discontinued and her mental status returned to normal within a week .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because no other factors related to this patient changed significantly , the delirium experienced by this patient possibly resulted from misoprostol therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biological properties of the optical isomers of propranolol and their effects on cardiac arrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "cardiac arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The optical isomers of propranolol have been compared for their beta - blocking and antiarrhythmic activities . 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In blocking the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoprenaline , ( + ) - propranolol had less than one hundredth the potency of ( - ) - propranolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoprenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At dose levels of ( + ) - propranolol which attenuated the responses to isoprenaline , there was a significant prolongation of the PR interval of the electrocardiogram . 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "isoprenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The metabolic responses to isoprenaline in dogs ( an increase in circulating glucose , lactate and free fatty acids ) were all blocked by ( - ) - propranolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoprenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "fatty acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( + ) - Propranolol had no effect on fatty acid mobilization but significantly reduced the increments in both lactate and glucose . 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both isomers of propranolol possessed similar depressant potency on isolated atrial muscle taken from guinea - pigs . 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The isomers of propranolol exhibited similar local anaesthetic potencies on an isolated frog nerve preparation at a level approximately three times that of procaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "procaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The racemic compound was significantly less potent than either isomer . 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both isomers of propranolol were capable of preventing adrenaline - induced cardiac arrhythmias in cats anaesthetized with halothane , but the mean dose of ( - ) - propranolol was 0 . 09 + / - 0 . 02 mg / kg whereas that of ( + ) - propranolol was 4 . 2 + / - 1 . 2 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "cardiac arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 132]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the effective dose level of ( + ) - propranolol there was a significant prolongation of the PR interval of the electrocardiogram .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of arrhythmias with both isomers was surmountable by increasing the dose of adrenaline . 7 .", "entity": [{"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both isomers of propranolol were also capable of reversing ventricular tachycardia caused by ouabain in anaesthetized cats and dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 82]}, {"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose of ( - ) - propranolol was significantly smaller than that of ( + ) - propranolol in both species but much higher than that required to produce evidence of beta - blockade . 8 .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implications of these results are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topotecan in combination with radiotherapy in unresectable glioblastoma : a phase 2 study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "glioblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improving glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) treatment with radio - chemotherapy remains a challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioblastoma multiforme", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 33]}, {"entity": "GBM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topotecan is an attractive option as it exhibits growth inhibition of human glioma as well as brain penetration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study assessed the combination of radiotherapy ( 60 Gy / 30 fractions / 40 days ) and topotecan ( 0 . 9 mg / m ( 2 ) / day on days 1 - 5 on weeks 1 , 3 and 5 ) in 50 adults with histologically proven and untreated GBM .", "entity": [{"entity": "topotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "GBM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [226, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of non - hematological toxicities was low and grade 3 - 4 hematological toxicities were reported in 20 patients ( mainly lymphopenia and neutropenia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "lymphopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Partial response and stabilization rates were 2 % and 32 % , respectively , with an overall time to progression of 12 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One - year overall survival ( OS ) rate was 42 % , with a median OS of 40 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Topotecan in combination with radiotherapy was well tolerated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Topotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , while response and stabilization concerned one - third of the patients , the study did not show increased benefits in terms of survival in patients with unresectable GBM .", "entity": [{"entity": "GBM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term lithium therapy leading to hyperparathyroidism : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "hyperparathyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : This paper reviews the effect of chronic lithium therapy on serum calcium level and parathyroid glands , its pathogenesis , and treatment options .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the case of a lithium - treated patient who had recurrent hypercalcemia to better understand the disease process .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare but potentially life - threatening side effect of long - term lithium therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 40]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful patient selection and long - term follow - up can reduce morbidity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : As much as 15 % of lithium - treated patients become hypercalcemic .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By routinely monitoring serum calcium levels , healthcare providers can improve the quality of life of this patient group .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of laryngeal mask with endotracheal tube for anesthesia in endoscopic sinus surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The purpose of this study was to compare surgical conditions , including the amount of intraoperative bleeding as well as intraoperative blood pressure , during functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) using flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway ( FRLMA ) versus endotracheal tube ( ETT ) in maintaining controlled hypotension anesthesia induced by propofol - remifentanil total i . v . anesthesia ( TIVA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [336, 347]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [370, 378]}, {"entity": "remifentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [381, 393]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Sixty normotensive American Society of Anesthesiologists I - II adult patients undergoing FESS under controlled hypotension anesthesia caused by propofol - remifentanil - TIVA were randomly assigned into two groups : group I , FRLMA ; group II , ETT .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 163]}, {"entity": "remifentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemorrhage was measured and the visibility of the operative field was evaluated according to a six - point scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Controlled hypotension was achieved within a shorter period using laryngeal mask using lower rates of remifentanil infusion and lower total dose of remifentanil .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "remifentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 124]}, {"entity": "remifentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In summary , our results indicate that airway management using FRLMA during controlled hypotension anesthesia provided better surgical conditions in terms of quality of operative field and blood loss and allowed for convenient induced hypotension with low doses of remifentanil during TIVA in patients undergoing FESS .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 111]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 259]}, {"entity": "remifentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [278, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease during valproate therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valproic acid ( VPA ) is effective for the treatment of many types of epilepsy , but its use can be associated with an increase in body weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) arising in a child who developed obesity during VPA treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 52]}, {"entity": "NAFLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laboratory data revealed hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperinsulinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the withdrawal of VPA therapy , our patient showed a significant weight loss , a decrease of body mass index , and normalization of metabolic and endocrine parameters ; moreover , ultrasound measurements showed a complete normalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "weight loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present case suggests that obesity , hyperinsulinemia , insulin resistance , and long - term treatment with VPA may be all associated with the development of NAFLD ; this side effect is reversible after VPA withdrawal .", "entity": [{"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "hyperinsulinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "insulin resistance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "NAFLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "VPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbimazole induced ANCA positive vasculitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ANCA positive vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anti - thyroid drugs , like carbimazole and propylthiouracil ( PTU ) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of hyperthyroidism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti - thyroid drugs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "carbimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "PTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "hyperthyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One should be aware of the side effects of antithyroid medications .", "entity": [{"entity": "antithyroid medications", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( ANCA ) - - associated vasculitis is a potentially life - threatening adverse effect of antithyroidmedications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( ANCA ) - - associated vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 70]}, {"entity": "antithyroidmedications", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a patient with Graves ' disease who developed ANCA positive carbimazole induced vasculitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Graves ' disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "carbimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The episode was characterized by a vasculitic skin rash associated with large joint arthritis , pyrexia and parotiditis but no renal or pulmonary involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculitic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "skin rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "pyrexia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 103]}, {"entity": "parotiditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was referred to us for neurological evaluation because he had difficulty in getting up from squatting position and was suspected to have myositis .", "entity": [{"entity": "myositis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbimazole and methimazole have a lower incidence of reported ANCA positive side effects than PUT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "methimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge this is the first ANCA positive carbimazole induced vasculitis case reported from India .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events : an update of the evidence for the U . S .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventive Services Task Force .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are leading causes of death in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Coronary heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 35]}, {"entity": "cerebrovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2002 , the U . S .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) strongly recommended that clinicians discuss aspirin with adults who are at increased risk for coronary heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 94]}, {"entity": "coronary heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To determine the benefits and harms of taking aspirin for the primary prevention of myocardial infarctions , strokes , and death .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarctions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATA SOURCES : MEDLINE and Cochrane Library ( search dates , 1 January 2001 to 28 August 2008 ) , recent systematic reviews , reference lists of retrieved articles , and suggestions from experts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY SELECTION : English - language randomized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) ; case - control studies ; meta - analyses ; and systematic reviews of aspirin versus control for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) were selected to answer the following questions : Does aspirin decrease coronary heart events , strokes , death from coronary heart events or stroke , or all - cause mortality in adults without known CVD ?", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 223]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 294]}, {"entity": "strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [328, 335]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [374, 380]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [432, 435]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Does aspirin increase gastrointestinal bleeding or hemorrhagic strokes ?", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "gastrointestinal bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 47]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATA EXTRACTION : All studies were reviewed , abstracted , and rated for quality by using predefined USPSTF criteria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DATA SYNTHESIS : New evidence from 1 good - quality RCT , 1 good - quality meta - analysis , and 2 fair - quality subanalyses of RCTs demonstrates that aspirin use reduces the number of CVD events in patients without known CVD .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 159]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men in these studies experienced fewer myocardial infarctions and women experienced fewer ischemic strokes .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarctions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspirin does not seem to affect CVD mortality or all - cause mortality in either men or women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of aspirin for primary prevention increases the risk for major bleeding events , primarily gastrointestinal bleeding events , in both men and women .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "gastrointestinal bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Men have an increased risk for hemorrhagic strokes with aspirin use .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhagic strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new RCT and meta - analysis suggest that the risk for hemorrhagic strokes in women is not statistically significantly increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhagic strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LIMITATIONS : New evidence on aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD is limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "CVD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose of aspirin used in the RCTs varied , which prevented the estimation of the most appropriate dose for primary prevention .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several of the RCTs were conducted within populations of health professionals , which potentially limits generalizability .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Aspirin reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in men and strokes in women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "strokes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspirin use increases the risk for serious bleeding events .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reducing harm associated with anticoagulation : practical considerations of argatroban therapy in heparin - induced thrombocytopenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Argatroban is a hepatically metabolized , direct thrombin inhibitor used for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in heparin - induced thrombocytopenia ( HIT ) and for patients with or at risk of HIT undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 153]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 159]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [198, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The objective of this review is to summarize practical considerations of argatroban therapy in HIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The US FDA - recommended argatroban dose in HIT is 2 microg / kg / min ( reduced in patients with hepatic impairment and in paediatric patients ) , adjusted to achieve activated partial thromboplastin times ( aPTTs ) 1 . 5 - 3 times baseline ( not > 100 seconds ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "hepatic impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contemporary experiences indicate that reduced doses are also needed in patients with conditions associated with hepatic hypoperfusion , e . g . heart failure , yet are unnecessary for renal dysfunction , adult age , sex , race / ethnicity or obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 158]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Argatroban 0 . 5 - 1 . 2 microg / kg / min typically supports therapeutic aPTTs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The FDA - recommended dose during PCI is 25 microg / kg / min ( 350 microg / kg initial bolus ) , adjusted to achieve activated clotting times ( ACTs ) of 300 - 450 sec .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For PCI , argatroban has not been investigated in hepatically impaired patients ; dose adjustment is unnecessary for adult age , sex , race / ethnicity or obesity , and lesser doses may be adequate with concurrent glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Argatroban prolongs the International Normalized Ratio , and published approaches for monitoring the argatroban - to - warfarin transition should be followed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major bleeding with argatroban is 0 - 10 % in the non - interventional setting and 0 - 5 . 8 % periprocedurally .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Argatroban has no specific antidote , and if excessive anticoagulation occurs , argatroban infusion should be stopped or reduced .", "entity": [{"entity": "Argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improved familiarity of healthcare professionals with argatroban therapy in HIT , including in special populations and during PCI , may facilitate reduction of harm associated with HIT ( e . g . fewer thromboses ) or its treatment ( e . g . fewer argatroban medication errors ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 79]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 184]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhabdomyolysis and brain ischemic stroke in a heroin - dependent male under methadone maintenance therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ischemic stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : There are several complications associated with heroin abuse , some of which are life - threatening .", "entity": [{"entity": "heroin abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methadone may aggravate this problem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : A clinical case description .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A 33 - year - old man presented with rhabdomyolysis and cerebral ischemic stroke after intravenous heroin .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "ischemic stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He had used heroin since age 20 , and had used 150 mg methadone daily for 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was found unconsciousness at home and was sent to our hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "unconsciousness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the ER , his opiate level was 4497 ng / ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the ICU , we found rhabdomyolysis , acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "respiratory failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After transfer to an internal ward , we noted aphasia and weakness of his left limbs .", "entity": [{"entity": "aphasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After MRI , we found cerebral ischemic infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral ischemic infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Those using methadone and heroin simultaneously may increase risk of rhabdomyolysis and ischemic stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "ischemic stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients under methadone maintenance therapy should be warned regarding these serious adverse events .", "entity": [{"entity": "methadone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypotheses of heroin - related rhabdomyolysis and stroke in heroin abusers are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased vulnerability to 6 - hydroxydopamine lesion and reduced development of dyskinesias in mice lacking CB1 cannabinoid receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - hydroxydopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 46]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Motor impairment , dopamine ( DA ) neuronal activity and proenkephalin ( PENK ) gene expression in the caudate - putamen ( CPu ) were measured in 6 - OHDA - lesioned and treated ( L - DOPA + benserazide ) CB1 KO and WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "proenkephalin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "PENK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA + benserazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lesion induced by 6 - OHDA produced more severe motor deterioration in CB1 KO mice accompanied by more loss of DA neurons and increased PENK gene expression in the CPu .", "entity": [{"entity": "6 - OHDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 115]}, {"entity": "PENK", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative / nitrosative and neuroinflammatory parameters were estimated in the CPu and cingulate cortex ( Cg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CB1 KO mice exhibited higher MDA levels and iNOS protein expression in the CPu and Cg compared to WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with L - DOPA + benserazide ( 12 weeks ) resulted in less severe dyskinesias in CB1 KO than in WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA + benserazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that the lack of cannabinoid CB1 receptors increased the severity of motor impairment and DA lesion , and reduced L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 113]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that activation of CB1 receptors offers neuroprotection against dopaminergic lesion and the development of L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocellular oxidant stress following intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "reperfusion injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reperfusion of ischemic intestine results in acute liver dysfunction characterized by hepatocellular enzyme release into plasma , reduction in bile flow rate , and neutrophil sequestration within the liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "liver dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathophysiology underlying this acute hepatic injury is unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was undertaken to determine whether oxidants are associated with the hepatic injury and to determine the relative value of several indirect methods of assessing oxidant exposure in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats were subjected to a standardized intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "reperfusion injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic tissue was assayed for lipid peroxidation products and oxidized and reduced glutathione .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidized and reduced glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no change in hepatic tissue total glutathione following intestinal ischemia - reperfusion injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "reperfusion injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidized glutathione ( GSSG ) increased significantly following 30 and 60 min of reperfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxidized glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no increase in any of the products of lipid peroxidation associated with this injury .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An increase in GSSG within hepatic tissue during intestinal reperfusion suggests exposure of hepatocytes to an oxidant stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of a significant increase in products of lipid peroxidation suggests that the oxidant stress is of insufficient magnitude to result in irreversible injury to hepatocyte cell membranes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data also suggest that the measurement of tissue GSSG may be a more sensitive indicator of oxidant stress than measurement of products of lipid peroxidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "GSSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal model of mania induced by ouabain : Evidence of oxidative stress in submitochondrial particles of the rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) administration of ouabain ( a Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase inhibitor ) in rats has been suggested to mimic some symptoms of human bipolar mania .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 78]}, {"entity": "bipolar mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical studies have shown that bipolar disorder may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we investigated the behavioral and biochemical effects induced by the ICV administration of ouabain in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To achieve this aim , the effects of ouabain injection immediately after and 7 days following a single ICV administration ( at concentrations of 10 ( - 2 ) and 10 ( - 3 ) M ) on locomotion was measured using the open - field test .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARSs ) and superoxide production were measured in submitochondrial particles of the prefrontal cortex , hippocampus , striatum and amygdala .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiobarbituric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings demonstrated that ouabain at 10 ( - 2 ) and 10 ( - 3 ) M induced hyperlocomotion in rats , and this response remained up to 7 days following a single ICV injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "hyperlocomotion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we observed that the persistent increase in the rat spontaneous locomotion is associated with increased TBARS levels and superoxide generation in submitochondrial particles in the prefrontal cortex , striatum and amygdala .", "entity": [{"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , ouabain - induced mania - like behavior may provide a useful animal model to test the hypothesis of the involvement of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraoperative dialysis during liver transplantation with citrate dialysate .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver transplantation for acutely ill patients with fulminant liver failure carries high intraoperative and immediate postoperative risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "fulminant liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These are increased with the presence of concomitant acute kidney injury ( AKI ) and intraoperative dialysis is sometimes required to allow the transplant to proceed .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The derangements in the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways during fulminant liver failure can lead to difficulties with anticoagulation during dialysis , especially when continued in the operating room .", "entity": [{"entity": "fulminant liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic anticoagulation is unsafe and regional citrate anticoagulation in the absence of a functional liver carries the risk of citrate toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citrate dialysate , a new dialysate with citric acid can be used for anticoagulation in patients who cannot tolerate heparin or regional citrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "citric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of a 40 - year - old female with acetaminophen - induced fulminant liver failure with associated AKI who underwent intraoperative dialytic support during liver transplantation anticoagulated with citrate dialysate during the entire procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "fulminant liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 97]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient tolerated the procedure well without any signs of citrate toxicity and maintained adequate anticoagulation for patency of the dialysis circuit .", "entity": [{"entity": "citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Citrate dialysate is a safe alternative for intradialytic support of liver transplantation in fulminant liver failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Citrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "fulminant liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delirium in a patient with toxic flecainide plasma concentrations : the role of a pharmacokinetic drug interaction with paroxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To describe a case of flecainide - induced delirium associated with a pharmacokinetic drug interaction with paroxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 69 - year - old white female presented to the emergency department with a history of confusion and paranoia over the past several days .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 111]}, {"entity": "paranoia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On admission the patient was taking carvedilol 12 mg twice daily , warfarin 2 mg / day , folic acid 1 mg / day , levothyroxine 100 microg / day , pantoprazole 40 mg / day , paroxetine 40 mg / day , and flecainide 100 mg twice daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "carvedilol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}, {"entity": "folic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}, {"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "pantoprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flecainide had been started 2 weeks prior for atrial fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Laboratory test findings on admission were notable only for a flecainide plasma concentration of 1360 microg / L ( reference range 200 - 1000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A metabolic drug interaction between flecainide and paroxetine , which the patient had been taking for more than 5 years , was considered .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paroxetine was discontinued and the dose of flecainide was reduced to 50 mg twice daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her delirium resolved 3 days later .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : Flecainide and pharmacologically similar agents that interact with sodium channels may cause delirium in susceptible patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A MEDLINE search ( 1966 - January 2009 ) revealed one in vivo pharmacokinetic study on the interaction between flecainide , a CYP2D6 substrate , and paroxetine , a CYP2D6 inhibitor , as well as 3 case reports of flecainide - induced delirium .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 222]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [233, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "According to the Naranjo probability scale , flecainide was the probable cause of the patient ' s delirium ; the Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale indicates a possible pharmacokinetic drug interaction between flecainide and paroxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 225]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Supratherapeutic flecainide plasma concentrations may cause delirium .", "entity": [{"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because toxicity may occur when flecainide is prescribed with paroxetine and other potent CYP2D6 inhibitors , flecainide plasma concentrations should be monitored closely with commencement of CYP2D6 inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "flecainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy of everolimus ( RAD001 ) in patients with advanced NSCLC previously treated with chemotherapy alone or with chemotherapy and EGFR inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "everolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "RAD001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Treatment options are scarce in pretreated advanced non - small - cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - small - cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 95]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RAD001 , an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) , has shown phase I efficacy in NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAD001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Stage IIIb or IV NSCLC patients , with two or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens , one platinum based ( stratum 1 ) or both chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( stratum 2 ) , received RAD001 10 mg / day until progression or unacceptable toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 191]}, {"entity": "RAD001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 241]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [288, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Primary objective was overall response rate ( ORR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analyses of markers associated with the mTOR pathway were carried out on archival tumor from a subgroup using immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) and direct mutation sequencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Eighty - five patients were enrolled , 42 in stratum 1 and 43 in stratum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ORR was 4 . 7 % ( 7 . 1 % stratum 1 ; 2 . 3 % stratum 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall disease control rate was 47 . 1 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median progression - free survivals ( PFSs ) were 2 . 6 ( stratum 1 ) and 2 . 7 months ( stratum 2 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common > or = grade 3 events were fatigue , dyspnea , stomatitis , anemia , and thrombocytopenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "dyspnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "stomatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pneumonitis , probably or possibly related , mainly grade 1 / 2 , occurred in 25 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pneumonitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cox regression analysis of IHC scores found that only phospho AKT ( pAKT ) was a significant independent predictor of worse PFS .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : RAD001 10 mg / day was well tolerated , showing modest clinical activity in pretreated NSCLC .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAD001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation of RAD001 plus standard therapy for metastatic NSCLC continues .", "entity": [{"entity": "RAD001", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "NSCLC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posttransplant anemia : the role of sirolimus .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Posttransplant anemia is a common problem that may hinder patients ' quality of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occurs in 12 to 76 % of patients , and is most common in the immediate posttransplant period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of factors have been identified that increase the risk of posttransplant anemia , of which the level of renal function is most important .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sirolimus , a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor , has been implicated as playing a special role in posttransplant anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This review considers anemia associated with sirolimus , including its presentation , mechanisms , and management .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary computerized tomography angiography for rapid discharge of low - risk patients with cocaine - associated chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Most patients presenting to emergency departments ( EDs ) with cocaine - associated chest pain are admitted for at least 12 hours and receive a \" rule out acute coronary syndrome \" protocol , often with noninvasive testing prior to discharge .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "acute coronary syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients without cocaine use , coronary computerized tomography angiography ( CTA ) has been shown to be useful for identifying a group of patients at low risk for cardiac events who can be safely discharged .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is unclear whether a coronary CTA strategy would be efficacious in cocaine - associated chest pain , as coronary vasospasm may account for some of the ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 101]}, {"entity": "coronary vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied whether a negative coronary CTA in patients with cocaine - associated chest pain could identify a subset safe for discharge .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We prospectively evaluated the safety of coronary CTA for low - risk patients who presented to the ED with cocaineassociated chest pain ( self - reported or positive urine test ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consecutive patients received either immediate coronary CTA in the ED ( without serial markers ) or underwent coronary CTA after a brief observation period with serial cardiac marker measurements .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with negative coronary CTA ( maximal stenosis less than 50 % ) were discharged .", "entity": [{"entity": "stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The main outcome was 30 - day cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 59 patients with cocaine - associated chest pain were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients had a mean age of 45 . 6 + / - 6 . 6 yrs and were 86 % black , 66 % male .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy - nine percent had a normal or nonspecific ECG and 85 % had a TIMI score < 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty patients received coronary CTA immediately in the ED , 18 of whom were discharged following CTA ( 90 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - nine received coronary CTA after a brief observation period , with 37 discharged home following CTA ( 95 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six patients had coronary stenosis > or = 50 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 30 - day follow - up period , no patients died of a cardiovascular event ( 0 % ; 95 % CI , 0 - 6 . 1 % ) and no patient sustained a nonfatal myocardial infarction ( 0 % ; 95 % CI , 0 - 6 . 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although cocaine - associated myocardial ischemia can result from coronary vasoconstriction , patients with cocaine associated chest pain , a non - ischemic ECG , and a TIMI risk score < 2 may be safely discharged from the ED after a negative coronary CTA with a low risk of 30 - day adverse events .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 151]}, {"entity": "ischemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral haemorrhagic infarction of the globus pallidus after cocaine and alcohol intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "haemorrhagic infarction of the globus pallidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 56]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine is a risk factor for both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present the case of a 31 - year - old man with bilateral ischemia of the globus pallidus after excessive alcohol and intranasal cocaine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemia of the globus pallidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 91]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - related globus pallidus infarctions are most often associated with heroin .", "entity": [{"entity": "globus pallidus infarctions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 42]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral basal ganglia infarcts after the use of cocaine , without concurrent heroin use , have never been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "basal ganglia infarcts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 32]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "heroin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our patient , transient cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory dysfunction related to cocaine and / or ethanol use were the most likely causes of cerebral hypoperfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "respiratory dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 72]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "ethanol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "cerebral hypoperfusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late fulminant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after liver transplant .", "entity": [{"entity": "posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Posterior leukoencephalopathy due to calcineurin - inhibitor - related neurotoxicity is a rare but severe complication that results from treatment with immunosuppressive agents ( primarily those administered after a liver or kidney transplant ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Posterior leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 42]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathophysiologic mechanisms of that disorder remain unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE : We report the case of a 46 - year - old woman who received a liver transplant in our center as treatment for alcoholic cirrhosis and in whom either a fulminant course of posterior leukoencephalopathy or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome developed 110 days after transplant .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcoholic cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 135]}, {"entity": "posterior leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 206]}, {"entity": "posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After an initially uneventful course after the transplant , the patient rapidly fell into deep coma .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Cerebral MRI scan showed typical signs of enhancement in the pontine and posterior regions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Switching the immunosuppressive regimen from tacrolimus to cyclosporine did not improve the clinical situation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The termination of treatment with any calcineurin inhibitor resulted in a complete resolution of that complication .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after liver transplant is rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recommend a complete cessation of any calcineurin inhibitor rather than a dose reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged hypothermia as a bridge to recovery for cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension associated with fulminant hepatic failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "intracranial hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 94]}, {"entity": "fulminant hepatic failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : To review evidence - based treatment options in patients with cerebral edema complicating fulminant hepatic failure ( FHF ) and discuss the potential applications of hypothermia .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "fulminant hepatic failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 128]}, {"entity": "FHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Case - based observations from a medical intensive care unit ( MICU ) in a tertiary care facility in a 27 - year - old female with FHF from acetaminophen and resultant cerebral edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "FHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 143]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 162]}, {"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our patient was admitted to the MICU after being found unresponsive with presumed toxicity from acetaminophen which was ingested over a 2 - day period .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient had depressed of mental status lasting at least 24 h prior to admission .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial evaluation confirmed FHF from acetaminophen and cerebral edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "FHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient was treated with hyperosmolar therapy , hyperventilation , sedation , and chemical paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperventilation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her intracranial pressure remained elevated despite maximal medical therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then initiated therapeutic hypothermia which was continued for 5 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At re - warming , patient had resolution of her cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "intracranial hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At discharge , she had complete recovery of neurological and hepatic functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In patients with FHF and cerebral edema from acetaminophen overdose , prolonged therapeutic hypothermia could potentially be used as a life saving therapy and a bridge to hepatic and neurological recovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "FHF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "cerebral edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical trial of hypothermia in patients with this condition is warranted .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Binasal visual field defects are not specific to vigabatrin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Binasal visual field defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated the visual defects associated with the antiepileptic drug vigabatrin ( VGB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "vigabatrin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two hundred four people with epilepsy were grouped on the basis of antiepileptic drug therapy ( current , previous , or no exposure to VGB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Groups were matched with respect to age , gender , and seizure frequency .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients underwent objective assessment of electrophysiological function ( wide - field multifocal electroretinography ) and conventional visual field testing ( static perimetry ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral visual field constriction was observed in 59 % of patients currently taking VGB , 43 % of patients who previously took VGB , and 24 % of patients with no exposure to VGB .", "entity": [{"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of retinal function revealed abnormal responses in 48 % of current VGB users and 22 % of prior VGB users , but in none of the patients without previous exposure to VGB .", "entity": [{"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral visual field abnormalities are common in the treated epilepsy population , irrespective of drug history .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bilateral visual field abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment by conventional static perimetry may neither be sufficiently sensitive nor specific to reliably identify retinal toxicity associated with VGB .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "VGB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Smoking of crack cocaine as a risk factor for HIV infection among people who use injection drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "HIV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Little is known about the possible role that smoking crack cocaine has on the incidence of HIV infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 79]}, {"entity": "HIV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given the increasing use of crack cocaine , we sought to examine whether use of this illicit drug has become a risk factor for HIV infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "HIV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We included data from people participating in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study who reported injecting illicit drugs at least once in the month before enrolment , lived in the greater Vancouver area , were HIV - negative at enrolment and completed at least 1 follow - up study visit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether the risk of HIV seroconversion among daily smokers of crack cocaine changed over time , we used Cox proportional hazards regression and divided the study into 3 periods : May 1 , 1996 - Nov .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV seroconversion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30 , 1999 ( period 1 ) , Dec .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 1999 - Nov .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30 , 2002 ( period 2 ) , and Dec .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 2002 - Dec .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "30 , 2005 ( period 3 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Overall , 1048 eligible injection drug users were included in our study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these , 137 acquired HIV infection during follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean proportion of participants who reported daily smoking of crack cocaine increased from 11 . 6 % in period 1 to 39 . 7 % in period 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adjusting for potential confounders , we found that the risk of HIV seroconversion among participants who were daily smokers of crack cocaine increased over time ( period 1 : hazard ratio [ HR ] 1 . 03 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0 . 57 - 1 . 85 ; period 2 : HR 1 . 68 , 95 % CI 1 . 01 - 2 . 80 ; and period 3 : HR 2 . 74 , 95 % CI 1 . 06 - 7 . 11 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIV seroconversion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 88]}, {"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERPRETATION : Smoking of crack cocaine was found to be an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion among people who were injection drug users .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "HIV seroconversion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This finding points to the urgent need for evidence - based public health initiatives targeted at people who smoke crack cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "crack cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoxetine improves the memory deficits caused by the chemotherapy agent 5 - fluorouracil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "memory deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer patients who have been treated with systemic adjuvant chemotherapy have described experiencing deteriorations in cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A widely used chemotherapeutic agent , 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) , readily crosses the blood - brain barrier and so could have a direct effect on brain function .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular this anti mitotic drug could reduce cell proliferation in the neurogenic regions of the adult brain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast reports indicate that hippocampal dependent neurogenesis and cognition are enhanced by the SSRI antidepressant Fluoxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "SSRI", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}, {"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this investigation the behavioural effects of chronic ( two week ) treatment with 5 - FU and ( three weeks ) with Fluoxetine either separately or in combination with 5 - FU were tested on adult Lister hooded rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 127]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioural effects were tested using a context dependent conditioned emotional response test ( CER ) which showed that animals treated with 5 - FU had a significant reduction in freezing time compared to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A separate group of animals was tested using a hippocampal dependent spatial working memory test , the object location recognition test ( OLR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals treated only with 5 - FU showed significant deficits in their ability to carry out the OLR task but co administration of Fluoxetine improved their performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - FU chemotherapy caused a significant reduction in the number of proliferating cells in the sub granular zone of the dentate gyrus compared to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This reduction was eliminated when Fluoxetine was co administered with 5 - FU .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluoxetine on its own had no effect on proliferating cell number or behaviour .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that 5 - FU can negatively affect both cell proliferation and hippocampal dependent working memory and that these deficits can be reversed by the simultaneous administration of the antidepressant Fluoxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "Fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver - specific ablation of integrin - linked kinase in mice results in enhanced and prolonged cell proliferation and hepatomegaly after phenobarbital administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatomegaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have recently demonstrated that disruption of extracellular matrix ( ECM ) / integrin signaling via elimination of integrin - linked kinase ( ILK ) in hepatocytes interferes with signals leading to termination of liver regeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigates the role of ILK in liver enlargement induced by phenobarbital ( PB ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wild - type ( WT ) and ILK : liver - / - mice were given PB ( 0 . 1 % in drinking water ) for 10 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Livers were harvested on 2 , 5 , and 10 days during PB administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the hepatocyte - specific ILK / liver - / - mice , the liver : body weight ratio was more than double as compared to 0 h at day 2 ( 2 . 5 times ) , while at days 5 and 10 , it was enlarged three times .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the WT mice , the increase was as expected from previous literature ( 1 . 8 times ) and seems to have leveled off after day 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were slightly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen - positive cells in the ILK / liver - / - animals at day 2 as compared to WT after PB administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the WT animals , the proliferative response had come back to normal by days 5 and 10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatocytes of the ILK / liver - / - mice continued to proliferate up until day 10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ILK / liver - / - mice also showed increased expression of key genes involved in hepatocyte proliferation at different time points during PB administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , ECM proteins communicate with the signaling machinery of dividing cells via ILK to regulate hepatocyte proliferation and termination of the proliferative response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lack of ILK in the hepatocytes imparts prolonged proliferative response not only to stimuli related to liver regeneration but also to xenobiotic chemical mitogens , such as PB .", "entity": [{"entity": "PB", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased Expression of Na / K - ATPase , NHE3 , NBC1 , AQP1 and OAT in Gentamicin - induced Nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "Nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of tubular transporters in gentamicin - induced nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague - Dawley male rats ( 200 ~ 250 g ) were subcutaneously injected with gentamicin ( 100 mg / kg per day ) for 7 days , and the expression of tubular transporters was determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mRNA and protein expression of OAT was also determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gentamicin - treated rats exhibited significantly decreased creatinine clearance along with increased plasma creatinine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accordingly , the fractional excretion of sodium increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urine volume was increased , while urine osmolality and free water reabsorption were decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase , NHE3 , NBC1 , and AQP1 in the kidney of gentamicin - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 75]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 85]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression of OAT1 and OAT3 was also decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gentamicin - induced nephropathy may at least in part be causally related with a decreased expression of Na ( + ) / K ( + ) - ATPase , NHE3 , NBC1 , AQP1 and OAT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 107]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal failure after high - dose methotrexate therapy in a patient with ileostomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - dose methotrexate ( HD - MTX ) is an important treatment for Burkitt lymphoma , but can cause hepatic and renal toxicity when its clearance is delayed .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "Burkitt lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "hepatic and renal toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of acute renal failure after HD - MTX therapy in a patient with ileostomy , The patient was a 3 - year - old boy who had received a living - related liver transplantation for congenital biliary atresia .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "biliary atresia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At day 833 after the transplantation , he was diagnosed with PTLD ( post - transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder , Burkitt - type malignant lymphoma ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PTLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "post - transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 119]}, {"entity": "Burkitt - type malignant lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During induction therapy , he suffered ileal perforation and ileostomy was performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent HD - MTX therapy caused acute renal failure that required continuous hemodialysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We supposed that intravascular hypovolemia due to substantial drainage from the ileostoma caused acute prerenal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypovolemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "acute prerenal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After recovery of his renal function , we could safely treat the patient with HD - MTX therapy by controlling drainage from ileostoma with total parenteral nutrition .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Longitudinal association of alcohol use with HIV disease progression and psychological health of women with HIV .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "HIV disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the association of alcohol consumption and depression , and their effects on HIV disease progression among women with HIV .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "HIV disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study included 871 women with HIV who were recruited from 1993 - 1995 in four US cities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The participants had physical examination , medical record extraction , and venipuncture , CD4 + T - cell counts determination , measurement of depression symptoms ( using the self - report Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale ) , and alcohol use assessment at enrollment , and semiannually until March 2000 .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "Depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 237]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [252, 259]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multilevel random coefficient ordinal models as well as multilevel models with joint responses were used in the analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no significant association between level of alcohol use and CD4 + T - cell counts .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When participants were stratified by antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) use , the association between alcohol and CD4 + T - cell did not reach statistical significance .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between alcohol consumption and depression was significant ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depression had a significant negative effect on CD4 + T - cell counts over time regardless of ART use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption has a direct association with depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , depression is associated with HIV disease progression .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "HIV disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings have implications for the provision of alcohol use interventions and psychological resources to improve the health of women with HIV .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are increased in the hippocampus following pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Neuroinflammation occurs after seizures and is implicated in epileptogenesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroinflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCR2 is a chemokine receptor for CCL2 and their interaction mediates monocyte infiltration in the neuroinflammatory cascade triggered in different brain pathologies .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroinflammatory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this work CCR2 and CCL2 expression were examined following status epilepticus ( SE ) induced by pilocarpine injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 85]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : SE was induced by pilocarpine injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control rats were injected with saline instead of pilocarpine .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five days after SE , CCR2 staining in neurons and glial cells was examined using imunohistochemical analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of CCR2 positive cells was determined using stereology probes in the hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCL2 expression in the hippocampus was examined by molecular assay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Increased CCR2 was observed in the hippocampus after SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizures also resulted in alterations to the cell types expressing CCR2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased numbers of neurons that expressed CCR2 was observed following SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microglial cells were more closely apposed to the CCR2 - labeled cells in SE rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , rats that experienced SE exhibited CCR2 - labeling in populations of hypertrophied astrocytes , especially in CA1 and dentate gyrus .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 38]}, {"entity": "hypertrophied", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These CCR2 + astroctytes were not observed in control rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Examination of CCL2 expression showed that it was elevated in the hippocampus following SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The data show that CCR2 and CCL2 are up - regulated in the hippocampus after pilocarpine - induced SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "SE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizures also result in changes to CCR2 receptor expression in neurons and astrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes might be involved in detrimental neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory changes that occur following seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroinflammatory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metallothionein induction reduces caspase - 3 activity and TNFalpha levels with preservation of cognitive function and intact hippocampal neurons in carmustine - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metallothionein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "carmustine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hippocampal integrity is essential for cognitive functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , induction of metallothionein ( MT ) by ZnSO ( 4 ) and its role in neuroprotection has been documented .", "entity": [{"entity": "metallothionein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "ZnSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to explore the effect of MT induction on carmustine ( BCNU ) - induced hippocampal cognitive dysfunction in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "carmustine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}, {"entity": "cognitive dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 60 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups ( 15 / group ) : The control group injected with single doses of normal saline ( i . c . v ) followed 24 h later by BCNU solvent ( i . v ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second group administered ZnSO ( 4 ) ( 0 . 1 micromol / 10 microl normal saline , i . c . v , once ) then BCNU solvent ( i . v ) after 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third group received BCNU ( 20 mg / kg , i . v , once ) 24 h after injection with normal saline ( i . c . v ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourth group received a single dose of ZnSO ( 4 ) ( 0 . 1 micromol / 10 microl normal saline , i . c . v ) then BCNU ( 20 mg / kg , i . v , once ) after 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The obtained data revealed that BCNU administration resulted in deterioration of learning and short - term memory ( STM ) , as measured by using radial arm water maze , accompanied with decreased hippocampal glutathione reductase ( GR ) activity and reduced glutathione ( GSH ) content .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "deterioration of learning and short - term memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 113]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 219]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 269]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [272, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , BCNU administration increased serum tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNFalpha ) , hippocampal MT and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents as well as caspase - 3 activity in addition to histological alterations .", "entity": [{"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ZnSO ( 4 ) pretreatment counteracted BCNU - induced inhibition of GR and depletion of GSH and resulted in significant reduction in the levels of MDA and TNFalpha as well as the activity of caspase - 3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The histological features were improved in hippocampus of rats treated with ZnSO ( 4 ) + BCNU compared to only BCNU - treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZnSO ( 4 )", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , MT induction halts BCNU - induced hippocampal toxicity as it prevented GR inhibition and GSH depletion and counteracted the increased levels of TNFalpha , MDA and caspase - 3 activity with subsequent preservation of cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "MT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 18]}, {"entity": "BCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "GSH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatal carbamazepine induced fulminant eosinophilic ( hypersensitivity ) myocarditis : emphasis on anatomical and histological characteristics , mechanisms and genetics of drug hypersensitivity and differential diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "fulminant eosinophilic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 50]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "drug hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most severe adverse reactions to carbamazepine have been observed in the haemopoietic system , the liver and the cardiovascular system .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A frequently fatal , although exceptionally rare side effect of carbamazepine is necrotizing eosinophilic ( hypersensitivity ) myocarditis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of hypersensitivity myocarditis secondary to administration of carbamazepine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 36]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute hypersensitivity myocarditis was not suspected clinically , and the diagnosis was made post - mortem .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 22]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histology revealed diffuse infiltration of the myocardium by eosinophils and lymphocytes with myocyte damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinically , death was due to cardiogenic shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiogenic shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To best of our knowledge this is the second case of fatal carbamazepine induced myocarditis reported in English literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropsychiatric behaviors in the MPTP marmoset model of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : Neuropsychiatric symptoms are increasingly recognised as a significant problem in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 130]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These symptoms may be due to ' sensitisation ' following repeated levodopa treatment or a direct effect of dopamine on the disease state .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levodopa - treated MPTP - lesioned marmoset was used as a model of neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "MPTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "neuropsychiatric symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we compare the time course of levodopa - induced motor fluctuations and neuropsychiatric - like behaviors to determine the relationship between duration of treatment and onset of symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Marmosets were administered 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine ( 2 . 0 mg / kg s . c . ) for five days , resulting in stable parkinsonism .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 - tetrahydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 98]}, {"entity": "parkinsonism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levodopa ( 15 mg / kg and benserazide , 3 . 75 mg / kg ) p . o .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "benserazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "b . i . d , was administered for 30 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were evaluated for parkinsonian disability , dyskinesia and on - time ( motor fluctuations ) and neuropsychiatric - like behaviors on Day 0 ( prior to levodopa ) and on Days 1 , 7 , 13 , 27 and 30 of treatment using post hoc DVD analysis by a trained rater , blind to the treatment day .", "entity": [{"entity": "parkinsonian disability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 50]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 138]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The neuropsychiatric - like behavior rating scale demonstrated high interrater reliability between three trained raters of differing professional backgrounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropsychiatric - like behavior", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As anticipated , animals exhibited a progressive increase in levodopa - induced motor fluctuations , dyskinesia and wearing - off , that correlated with the duration of levodopa therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 69]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , levodopa - induced neuropsychiatric - like behaviors were present on Day 1 of levodopa treatment and their severity did not correlate with duration of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "neuropsychiatric - like behaviors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 66]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The data suggest that neuropsychiatric disorders in PD are more likely an interaction between levodopa and the disease state than a consequence of sensitisation to repeated dopaminergic therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropsychiatric disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 62]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrast medium nephrotoxicity after renal artery and coronary angioplasty .", "entity": [{"entity": "Contrast medium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Renal dysfunction induced by iodinated contrast medium ( CM ) administration can minimize the benefit of the interventional procedure in patients undergoing renal angioplasty ( PTRA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "contrast medium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "CM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To compare the susceptibility to nephrotoxic effect of CM in patients undergoing PTRA with that of patients submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "CM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS : A total of 33 patients successfully treated with PTRA ( PTRA group , mean age 70 + / - 12 years , 23 female , basal creatinine 1 . 46 + / - 0 . 79 , range 0 . 7 - 4 . 9 mg / dl ) were compared with 33 patients undergoing successful PCI ( PCI group ) , matched for basal creatinine ( 1 . 44 + / - 0 . 6 , range 0 . 7 - 3 . 4 mg / dl ) , gender , and age .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [293, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both groups postprocedural ( 48 h ) serum creatinine was measured .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Postprocedural creatinine level decreased nonsignificantly in the PTRA group ( 1 . 46 + / - 0 . 8 vs . 1 . 34 + / - 0 . 5 mg / dl , P = NS ) and increased significantly in the PCI group ( 1 . 44 + / - 0 . 6 vs . 1 . 57 + / - 0 . 7 mg / dl , P < 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in serum creatinine after intervention ( after - before ) were significantly different between the PTRA and PCI groups ( - 0 . 12 + / - 0 . 5 vs . 0 . 13 + / - 0 . 3 , P = 0 . 014 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This difference was not related to either a different clinical risk profile or to the volume of CM administered .", "entity": [{"entity": "CM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In this preliminary study patients submitted to PTRA showed a lower susceptibility to renal damage induced by CM administration than PCI patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "CM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effectiveness of PTRA on renal function seems to be barely influenced by CM toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 79]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diphenhydramine prevents the haemodynamic changes of cimetidine in ICU patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diphenhydramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cimetidine , a histamine 2 ( H2 ) antagonist , produces a decrease in arterial pressure due to vasodilatation , especially in critically ill patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This may be because cimetidine acts as a histamine agonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We , therefore , investigated the effects of the histamine 1 ( H1 ) receptor antagonist , diphenhydramine , on the haemodynamic changes observed after cimetidine in ICU patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "diphenhydramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each patient was studied on two separate days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a random fashion , they received cimetidine 200 mg iv on one day , and on the other , a pretreatment of diphenhydramine 40 mg iv with cimetidine 200 mg iv .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "diphenhydramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the non - pretreatment group , mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) decreased from 107 . 4 + / - 8 . 4 mmHg to 86 . 7 + / - 11 . 4 mmHg ( P less than 0 . 01 ) two minutes after cimetidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) decreased during the eight - minute observation period ( P less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , in the pretreatment group , little haemodynamic change was seen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that an H1 antagonist may be useful in preventing hypotension caused by iv cimetidine , since the vasodilating activity of cimetidine is mediated , in part , through the H1 receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medical and psychiatric outcomes for patients transplanted for acetaminophen - induced acute liver failure : a case - control study .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Acetaminophen - induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure ( ALF ) in the UK .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients often consume the drug with suicidal intent or with a background of substance dependence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS AND METHODS : We compared the severity of pretransplant illness , psychiatric co - morbidity , medical and psychosocial outcomes of all patients who had undergone liver transplantation ( LT ) emergently between 1999 - 2004 for acetaminophen - induced ALF ( n = 36 ) with age - and sex - matched patients undergoing emergent LT for non - acetaminophen - induced ALF ( n = 35 ) and elective LT for chronic liver disease ( CLD , n = 34 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 245]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [256, 259]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [342, 355]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [366, 369]}, {"entity": "chronic liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [401, 422]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [425, 428]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Acetaminophen - induced ALF patients undergoing LT had a greater severity of pre - LT illness reflected by higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and requirement for organ support compared with the other two groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty ( 56 % ) acetaminophen - induced ALF patients had a formal psychiatric diagnosis before LT ( non - acetaminophen - induced ALF = 0 / 35 , CLD = 2 / 34 ; P < 0 . 01 for all ) and nine ( 25 % ) had a previous suicide attempt .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During follow - up ( median 5 years ) , there were no significant differences in rejection ( acute and chronic ) , graft failure or survival between the groups ( acetaminophen - induced ALF 1 year 87 % , 5 years 75 % ; non - acetaminophen - induced ALF 88 % , 78 % ; CLD 93 % , 82 % : P > 0 . 6 log rank ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 189]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 238]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [249, 252]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [267, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two acetaminophen - induced ALF patients reattempted suicide post - LT ( one died 8 years post - LT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Despite a high prevalence of psychiatric disturbance , outcomes for patients transplanted emergently for acetaminophen - induced ALF were comparable to those transplanted for non - acetaminophen - induced ALF and electively for CLD .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 208]}, {"entity": "ALF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [219, 222]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [242, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multidisciplinary approaches with long - term psychiatric follow - up may contribute to low post - transplant suicide rates seen and low rates of graft loss because of non - compliance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antithrombotic drug use , cerebral microbleeds , and intracerebral hemorrhage : a systematic review of published and unpublished studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral microbleeds", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "intracerebral hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : Cerebral microbleeds ( MB ) are potential risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) , but it is unclear if they are a contraindication to using antithrombotic drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cerebral microbleeds", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "intracerebral hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 108]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insights could be gained by pooling data on MB frequency stratified by antithrombotic use in cohorts with ICH and ischemic stroke ( IS ) / transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "ischemic stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 129]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 134]}, {"entity": "transient ischemic attack", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 164]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We performed a systematic review of published and unpublished data from cohorts with stroke or TIA to compare the presence of MB in : ( 1 ) antithrombotic users vs nonantithrombotic users with ICH ; ( 2 ) antithrombotic users vs nonusers with IS / TIA ; and ( 3 ) ICH vs ischemic events stratified by antithrombotic use .", "entity": [{"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 108]}, {"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 138]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [253, 255]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [258, 261]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [274, 277]}, {"entity": "ischemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [281, 289]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also analyzed published and unpublished follow - up data to determine the risk of ICH in antithrombotic users with MB .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In a pooled analysis of 1460 ICH and 3817 IS / TIA , MB were more frequent in ICH vs IS / TIA in all treatment groups , but the excess increased from 2 . 8 ( odds ratio ; range , 2 . 3 - 3 . 5 ) in nonantithrombotic users to 5 . 7 ( range , 3 . 4 - 9 . 7 ) in antiplatelet users and 8 . 0 ( range , 3 . 5 - 17 . 8 ) in warfarin users ( P difference = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 54]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 97]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 337]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was also an excess of MB in warfarin users vs nonusers with ICH ( OR , 2 . 7 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 6 - 4 . 4 ; P < 0 . 001 ) but none in warfarin users with IS / TIA ( OR , 1 . 3 ; 95 % CI , 0 . 9 - 1 . 7 ; P = 0 . 33 ; P difference = 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a smaller excess of MB in antiplatelet users vs nonusers with ICH ( OR , 1 . 7 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 3 - 2 . 3 ; P < 0 . 001 ) , but findings were similar for antiplatelet users with IS / TIA ( OR , 1 . 4 ; 95 % CI , 1 . 2 - 1 . 7 ; P < 0 . 001 ; P difference = 0 . 25 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "IS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 189]}, {"entity": "TIA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In pooled follow - up data for 768 antithrombotic users , presence of MB at baseline was associated with a substantially increased risk of subsequent ICH ( OR , 12 . 1 ; 95 % CI , 3 . 4 - 42 . 5 ; P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 72]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The excess of MB in warfarin users with ICH compared to other groups suggests that MB increase the risk of warfarin - associated ICH .", "entity": [{"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "MB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 129]}, {"entity": "ICH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limited prospective data corroborate these findings , but larger prospective studies are urgently required .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of synergy between morphine and a novel sodium channel blocker , CNSB002 , in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "neuropathic pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study determined the antihyperalgesic effect of CNSB002 , a sodium channel blocker with antioxidant properties given alone and in combinations with morphine in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 173]}, {"entity": "neuropathic pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [208, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Dose response curves for nonsedating doses of morphine and CNSB002 given intraperitoneally alone and together in combinations were constructed for antihyperalgesic effect using paw withdrawal from noxious heat in two rat pain models : carrageenan - induced paw inflammation and streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetic neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [230, 234]}, {"entity": "carrageenan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 255]}, {"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [270, 282]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 301]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [304, 307]}, {"entity": "diabetic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [320, 339]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The maximum nonsedating doses were : morphine , 3 . 2 mg / kg ; CNSB002 10 . 0 mg / kg ; 5 . 0 mg / kg CNSB002 with morphine 3 . 2 mg / kg in combination .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The doses calculated to cause 50 % reversal of hyperalgesia ( ED50 ) were 7 . 54 ( 1 . 81 ) and 4 . 83 ( 1 . 54 ) in the carrageenan model and 44 . 18 ( 1 . 37 ) and 9 . 14 ( 1 . 24 ) in the STZ - induced neuropathy model for CNSB002 and morphine , respectively ( mg / kg ; mean , SEM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "carrageenan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 215]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 233]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These values were greater than the maximum nonsedating doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ED50 values for morphine when given in combination with CNSB002 ( 5 mg / kg ) were less than the maximum nonsedating dose : 0 . 56 ( 1 . 55 ) in the carrageenan model and 1 . 37 ( 1 . 23 ) in the neuropathy model ( mg / kg ; mean , SEM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "carrageenan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antinociception after morphine ( 3 . 2 mg / kg ) was increased by co - administration with CNSB002 from 28 . 0 and 31 . 7 % to 114 . 6 and 56 . 9 % reversal of hyperalgesia in the inflammatory and neuropathic models , respectively ( P < 0 . 01 ; one - way analysis of variance - significantly greater than either drug given alone ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "neuropathic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The maximum antihyperalgesic effect achievable with nonsedating doses of morphine may be increased significantly when the drug is used in combination with CNSB002 .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "CNSB002", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia : a practical review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia ( HIT ) remains under - recognized despite its potentially devastating outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It begins when heparin exposure stimulates the formation of heparin - platelet factor 4 antibodies , which in turn triggers the release of procoagulant platelet particles .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia that follow comprise the 2 hallmark traits of HIT , with the former largely responsible for significant vascular complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The prevalence of HIT varies among several subgroups , with greater incidence in surgical as compared with medical populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HIT must be acknowledged for its intense predilection for thrombosis and suspected whenever thrombosis occurs after heparin exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 102]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early recognition that incorporates the clinical and serologic clues is paramount to timely institution of treatment , as its delay may result in catastrophic outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment of HIT mandates an immediate cessation of all heparin exposure and the institution of an antithrombotic therapy , most commonly using a direct thrombin inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "direct thrombin inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Current \" diagnostic \" tests , which primarily include functional and antigenic assays , have more of a confirmatory than diagnostic role in the management of HIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Special attention must be paid to cardiac patients who are often exposed to heparin multiple times during their course of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct thrombin inhibitors are appropriate , evidence - based alternatives to heparin in patients with a history of HIT , who need to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention .", "entity": [{"entity": "Direct thrombin inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As heparin remains one of the most frequently used medications today with potential for HIT with every heparin exposure , a close vigilance of platelet counts must be practiced whenever heparin is initiated .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 91]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abductor paralysis after botox injection for adductor spasmodic dysphonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "adductor spasmodic dysphonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES / HYPOTHESIS : Botulinum toxin ( Botox ) injections into the thyroarytenoid muscles are the current standard of care for adductor spasmodic dysphonia ( ADSD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "adductor spasmodic dysphonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 160]}, {"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reported adverse effects include a period of breathiness , throat pain , and difficulty with swallowing liquids .", "entity": [{"entity": "throat pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we report multiple cases of bilateral abductor paralysis following Botox injections for ADSD , a complication previously unreported .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 77]}, {"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY DESIGN : Retrospective case series .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Patients that received Botox injections for spasmodic dysphonia between January 2000 and October 2009 were evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "spasmodic dysphonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with ADSD were identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of treatments received and adverse effects were noted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For patients with bilateral abductor paralysis , age , sex , paralytic Botox dose , prior Botox dose , and course following paralysis were noted .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 95]}, {"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : From a database of 452 patients receiving Botox , 352 patients had been diagnosed with ADSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of these 352 patients , eight patients suffered bilateral abductor paralysis , and two suffered this complication twice .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All affected patients were females over the age of 50 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most patients had received treatments prior to abductor paralysis and continued receiving after paralysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven patients recovered after a brief period of activity restrictions , and one underwent a tracheotomy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of abductor paralysis after Botox injection for ADSD was 0 . 34 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Bilateral abductor paralysis is a rare complication of Botox injections for ADSD , causing difficulty with breathing upon exertion .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "ADSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The likely mechanism of paralysis is diffusion of Botox around the muscular process of the arytenoid to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "Botox", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The paralysis is temporary , and watchful waiting with restriction of activity is the recommended management .", "entity": [{"entity": "paralysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mitochondrial impairment contributes to cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction : Prevention by the targeted antioxidant MitoQ .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mitochondrial impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 77]}, {"entity": "MitoQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The goal of this study was to assess mitochondrial function and ROS production in an experimental model of cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesized that cocaine abuse may lead to altered mitochondrial function that in turn may cause left ventricular dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine abuse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven days of cocaine administration to rats led to an increased oxygen consumption detected in cardiac fibers , specifically through complex I and complex III .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROS levels were increased , specifically in interfibrillar mitochondria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parallel there was a decrease in ATP synthesis , whereas no difference was observed in subsarcolemmal mitochondria .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation was not detectable after short - term exposure to cocaine , suggesting that these mitochondrial abnormalities were a late rather than a primary event in the pathological response to cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 161]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MitoQ , a mitochondrial - targeted antioxidant , was shown to completely prevent these mitochondrial abnormalities as well as cardiac dysfunction characterized here by a diastolic dysfunction studied with a conductance catheter to obtain pressure - volume data .", "entity": [{"entity": "MitoQ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 114]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "diastolic dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Taken together , these results extend previous studies and demonstrate that cocaine - induced cardiac dysfunction may be due to a mitochondrial defect .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 83]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Trimethoprim - induced immune hemolytic anemia in a pediatric oncology patient presenting as an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 10 - year - old male with acute leukemia presented with post - chemotherapy anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During red cell transfusion , he developed hemoglobinuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemoglobinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfusion reaction workup was negative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - induced immune hemolytic anemia was suspected because of positive direct antiglobulin test , negative eluate , and microspherocytes on smear pre - and post - transfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug studies using the indirect antiglobulin test were strongly positive with trimethoprim and trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole but negative with sulfamethoxazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 126]}, {"entity": "sulfamethoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient recovered after discontinuing the drug , with no recurrence in 2 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other causes of anemia should be considered in patients with worse - than - expected anemia after chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , hemolysis during transfusion is not always a transfusion reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verapamil stimulation test in hyperprolactinemia : loss of prolactin response in anatomic or functional stalk effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : Verapamil stimulation test was previously investigated as a tool for differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia , but with conflicting results .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Macroprolactinemia was never considered in those previous studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Macroprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we aimed to re - investigate the diagnostic value of verapamil in a population who were all screened for macroprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}, {"entity": "macroprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolactin responses to verapamil in 65 female patients ( age : 29 . 9 + / - 8 . 1 years ) with hyperprolactinemia were tested in a descriptive , matched case - control study .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Verapamil 80 mg , p . o . was administered , and then PRL levels were measured at 8th and 16th hours , by immunometric chemiluminescence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verapamil responsiveness was determined by peak percent change in basal prolactin levels ( PRL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Verapamil significantly increased PRL levels in healthy controls ( N . 8 , PRL : 183 % ) , macroprolactinoma ( N . 8 , PRL : 7 % ) , microprolactinoma ( N . 19 , PRL : 21 % ) , macroprolactinemia ( N . 23 , PRL : 126 % ) , but not in pseudoprolactinoma ( N . 8 , PRL : 0 . 8 % ) , and risperidone - induced hyperprolactinemia ( N . 7 , PRL : 3 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "macroprolactinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 118]}, {"entity": "microprolactinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 160]}, {"entity": "macroprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 205]}, {"entity": "pseudoprolactinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [244, 262]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [295, 306]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [317, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ROC curve analysis revealed that unresponsiveness to verapamil defined as PRL < 7 % , discriminated anatomical or functional stalk effect ( sensitivity : 74 % , specificity : 73 % , AUC : 0 . 855 + / - 0 . 04 , P < 0 . 001 , CI : 0 . 768 - 0 . 942 ) associated with pseudoprolactinoma or risperidone - induced hyperprolactinemia , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "pseudoprolactinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [266, 284]}, {"entity": "risperidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [288, 299]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [310, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Verapamil responsiveness is not a reliable finding for the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , verapamil unresponsiveness discriminates stalk effect ( i . e . , anatomically or functionally inhibited dopaminergic tonus ) from other causes of hyperprolactinemia with varying degrees of responsiveness .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of endothelial - mesenchymal transition by a Smad3 inhibitor delays the early development of streptozotocin - induced diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : A multicenter , controlled trial showed that early blockade of the renin - angiotensin system in patients with type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria did not retard the progression of nephropathy , suggesting that other mechanism ( s ) are involved in the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy ( diabetic nephropathy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "type 1 diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 138]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 205]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [288, 308]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [311, 331]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously demonstrated that endothelial - mesenchymal - transition ( EndoMT ) contributes to the early development of renal interstitial fibrosis independently of microalbuminuria in mice with streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 154]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 216]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 222]}, {"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , we hypothesized that blocking EndoMT reduces the early development of diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : EndoMT was induced in a mouse pancreatic microvascular endothelial cell line ( MMEC ) in the presence of advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) and in the endothelial lineage - traceble mouse line Tie2 - Cre ; Loxp - EGFP by administration of AGEs , with nonglycated mouse albumin serving as a control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylated Smad3 was detected by immunoprecipitation / Western blotting and confocal microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blocking studies using receptor for AGE siRNA and a specific inhibitor of Smad3 ( SIS3 ) were performed in MMECs and in STZ - induced diabetic nephropathy in Tie2 - Cre ; Loxp - EGFP mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Confocal microscopy and real - time PCR demonstrated that AGEs induced EndoMT in MMECs and in Tie2 - Cre ; Loxp - EGFP mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunoprecipitation / Western blotting showed that Smad3 was activated by AGEs but was inhibited by SIS3 in MMECs and in STZ - induced diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 124]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Confocal microscopy and real - time PCR further demonstrated that SIS3 abrogated EndoMT , reduced renal fibrosis , and retarded progression of nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : EndoMT is a novel pathway leading to early development of diabetic nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of EndoMT by SIS3 may provide a new strategy to retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy and other diabetes complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "diabetes complications", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytostatic and anti - angiogenic effects of temsirolimus in refractory mantle cell lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "mantle cell lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma ( MCL ) is a rare and aggressive type of B - cell non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mantle cell lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "MCL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "B - cell non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients become progressively refractory to conventional chemotherapy , and their prognosis is poor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , a 38 % remission rate has been recently reported in refractory MCL treated with temsirolimus , a mTOR inhibitor . Here we had the opportunity to study a case of refractory MCL who had tumor regression two months after temsirolimus treatment , and a progression - free survival of 10 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "MCL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "MCL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 185]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 199]}, {"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case , lymph node biopsies were performed before and six months after temsirolimus therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the two biopsies showed that temsirolimus inhibited tumor cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest , but did not induce any change in the number of apoptotic tumor cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Apart from this cytostatic effect , temsirolimus had an antiangiogenic effect with decrease of tumor microvessel density and of VEGF expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , numerous patchy , well - limited fibrotic areas , compatible with post - necrotic tissue repair , were found after 6 - month temsirolimus therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , temsirolimus reduced tumor burden through associated cytostatic and anti - angiogenic effects . This dual effect of temsirolimus on tumor tissue could contribute to its recently reported efficiency in refractory MCL resistant to conventional chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "temsirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 144]}, {"entity": "MCL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [219, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute renal failure due to rifampicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 23 - year - old male patient with bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis was treated with the various regimens of antituberculosis drugs for nearly 15 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "pulmonary tuberculosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rifampicin was administered thrice as one of the 3 - 4 drug regimen and each time he developed untoward side effects like nausea , vomiting and fever with chills and rigors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 128]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 139]}, {"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The last such episode was of acute renal failure at which stage the patient was seen by the authors of this report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient , however , made a full recovery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syncope caused by hyperkalemia during use of a combined therapy with the angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor and spironolactone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syncope", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "spironolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 76 year - old woman with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and prior myocardial infarction was transferred to the emergency room with loss of consciousness due to marked bradycardia caused by hyperkalemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 103]}, {"entity": "loss of consciousness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 168]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of serum potassium was high , and normal sinus rhythm was restored after correction of the serum potassium level .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cause of hyperkalemia was considered to be several doses of spiranolactone , an aldosterone antagonist , in addition to the long - term intake of ramipril , an ACE inhibitor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "spiranolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "ramipril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case is a good example of electrolyte imbalance causing acute life - threatening cardiac events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of hyperkalemia , especially in elderly patients using ACE / ARB in combination with potassium sparing agents and who have mild renal disturbance .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "renal disturbance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diffuse skeletal pain after administration of alendronate .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Osteoporosis is caused by bone resorption in excess of bone formation , and bisphosphonates , are used to inhibit bone resorption .", "entity": [{"entity": "Osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "bisphosphonates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alendronate , a biphosphonate , is effective for both the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "biphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Side effects are relatively few and prominently gastrointestinal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Musculoskeletal pain may be an important side effect in these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Musculoskeletal pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We presented a patient admitted to our out - patient clinic with diffuse skeletal pain after three consecutive administration of alendronate .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 86]}, {"entity": "alendronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : We conclude that patients with osteoporosis can report pain , and bisphosphonate - related pain should also be considered before ascribing this complaint to osteoporosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "bisphosphonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high - dose daptomycin in suspected Staphylococcus aureus meningitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To report a case of methicillin - sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ( MSSA ) bacteremia with suspected MSSA meningitis treated with high - dose daptomycin assessed with concurrent serum and cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "methicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "bacteremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 97]}, {"entity": "meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 54 - year - old male presented to the emergency department with generalized weakness and presumed health - care - associated pneumonia shown on chest radiograph .", "entity": [{"entity": "weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "pneumonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment was empirically initiated with vancomycin , levofloxacin , and piperacillin / tazobactam .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "levofloxacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "piperacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "tazobactam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood cultures revealed S . aureus susceptible to oxacillin .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxacillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Empiric antibiotic treatment was narrowed to nafcillin on day 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "nafcillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 8 , the patient developed acute renal failure ( serum creatinine 1 . 9 mg / dL , increased from 1 . 2 mg / dL the previous day and 0 . 8 mg / dL on admission ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 52]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient ' s Glasgow Coma Score was 3 , with normal findings shown on computed tomography scan of the head 72 hours following an episode of cardiac arrest on day 10 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac arrest", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient experienced relapsing MSSA bacteremia on day 9 , increasing the suspicion for a central nervous system ( CNS ) infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacteremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nafcillin was discontinued and daptomycin 9 mg / kg daily was initiated for suspected meningitis and was continued until the patient ' s death on day 16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nafcillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daptomycin serum and CSF trough concentrations were 11 . 21 ug / mL and 0 . 52 ug / mL , respectively , prior to the third dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lumbar puncture results were inconclusive and no further blood cultures were positive for MSSA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Creatine kinase levels were normal prior to daptomycin therapy and were not reassessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : Daptomycin was initiated in our patient secondary to possible nafcillin - induced acute interstitial nephritis and relapsing bacteremia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "nafcillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "interstitial nephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 123]}, {"entity": "bacteremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At a dose of 9 mg / kg , resultant penetration of 5 % was higher than in previous reports , more consistent with inflamed meninges .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : High - dose daptomycin may be an alternative option for MSSA bacteremia with or without a CNS source in patients who have failed or cannot tolerate standard therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "daptomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "bacteremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further clinical evaluation in patients with confirmed meningitis is warranted .", "entity": [{"entity": "meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of nitric oxide in convulsions induced by lindane in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lindane is an organochloride pesticide and scabicide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It evokes convulsions mainly trough the blockage of GABA ( A ) receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitric oxide ( NO ) , gaseous neurotransmitter , has contradictor role in epileptogenesis due to opposite effects of L - arginine , precursor of NO syntheses ( NOS ) , and L - NAME ( NOS inhibitor ) observed in different epilepsy models .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 17]}, {"entity": "L - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}, {"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 147]}, {"entity": "L - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of NO on the behavioral and EEG characteristics of lindane - induced epilepsy in male Wistar albino rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 63]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The administration of L - arginine ( 600 , 800 and 1000 mg / kg , i . p . ) in dose - dependent manner significantly increased convulsion incidence and severity and shortened latency time to first convulsion elicited by lower lindane dose ( 4 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , pretreatment with L - NAME ( 500 , 700 and 900 mg / kg , i . p . ) decreased convulsion incidence and severity and prolonged latency time to convulsion following injection with a convulsive dose of lindane ( 8 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EEG analyses showed increase of number and duration of ictal periods in EEG of rats receiving l - arginine prior to lindane and decrease of this number in rats pretreated with L - NAME .", "entity": [{"entity": "l - arginine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "L - NAME", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results support the conclusion that NO plays a role of endogenous convulsant in rat model of lindane seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "NO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe polyneuropathy and motor loss after intrathecal thiotepa combination chemotherapy : description of two cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyneuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "thiotepa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of severe delayed neurologic toxicity related to the administration of intrathecal ( IT ) combination chemotherapy including thiotepa ( TSPA ) are presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurologic toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "thiotepa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "TSPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both cases developed axonal neuropathy with motor predominance in the lower extremities 1 and 6 months after IT chemotherapy was administered .", "entity": [{"entity": "axonal neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurologic toxicities have been described with IT - methotrexate , IT - cytosine arabinoside and IT - TSPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurologic toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "cytosine arabinoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 92]}, {"entity": "TSPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , however , axonal neuropathy following administration of these three agents has not been previously described .", "entity": [{"entity": "axonal neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In spite of the fact that TSPA is a useful IT agent , its combination with MTX , ara - C and radiotherapy could cause severe neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "ara - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 88]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This unexpected complication indicates the need for further toxicology research on IT - TSPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of cromakalim and pinacidil on large epicardial and small coronary arteries in conscious dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of i . v . bolus administration of cromakalim ( 1 - 10 micrograms / kg ) and pinacidil ( 3 - 100 micrograms / kg ) on large ( circumflex artery ) and small coronary arteries and on systemic hemodynamics were investigated in chronically instrumented conscious dogs and compared to those of nitroglycerin ( 0 . 03 - 10 micrograms / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [301, 314]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nitroglycerin , up to 0 . 3 micrograms / kg , selectively increased circumflex artery diameter ( CxAD ) without simultaneously affecting any other cardiac or systemic hemodynamic parameter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , cromakalim and pinacidil at all doses and nitroglycerin at doses higher than 0 . 3 micrograms / kg simultaneously and dose - dependently increased CxAD , coronary blood flow and heart rate and decreased coronary vascular resistance and aortic pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cromakalim was approximately 8 - to 9 . 5 - fold more potent than pinacidil in increasing CxAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasodilation of large and small coronary vessels and hypotension induced by cromakalim and pinacidil were not affected by prior combined beta adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade but drug - induced tachycardia was abolished .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 100]}, {"entity": "beta adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 186]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When circumflex artery blood flow was maintained constant , the increases in CxAD induced by cromakalim ( 10 micrograms / kg ) , pinacidil ( 30 micrograms / kg ) and nitroglycerin ( 10 micrograms / kg ) were reduced by 68 + / - 7 , 54 + / - 9 and 1 + / - 1 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 138]}, {"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , whereas nitroglycerin preferentially and flow - independently dilates large coronary arteries , cromakalim and pinacidil dilate both large and small coronary arteries and this effect is not dependent upon the simultaneous beta adrenoceptors - mediated rise in myocardial metabolic demand .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 113]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , two mechanisms at least , direct vasodilation and flow dependency , are involved in the cromakalim - and pinacidil - induced increase in CxAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "cromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "pinacidil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mefenamic acid - induced neutropenia and renal failure in elderly females with hypothyroidism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "hypothyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report mefenamic acid - induced non - oliguric renal failure and severe neutropenia occurring simultaneously in two elderly females .", "entity": [{"entity": "mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The neutropenia was due to maturation arrest of the myeloid series in one patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both patients were also hypothyroid , but it is not clear whether this was a predisposing factor to the development of these adverse reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypothyroid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it would seem prudent not to use mefenamic acid in hypothyroid patients until the hypothyroidism has been corrected .", "entity": [{"entity": "mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "hypothyroid", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "hypothyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Etiology of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients on calcium carbonate therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen of 39 dialysis patients ( 36 % ) became hypercalcemic after switching to calcium carbonate as their principal phosphate binder .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 99]}, {"entity": "phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to identify risk factors associated with the development of hypercalcemia , indirect parameters of intestinal calcium reabsorption and bone turnover rate in these 14 patients were compared with results in 14 eucalcemic patients matched for age , sex , length of time on dialysis , and etiology of renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [306, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to experiencing hypercalcemic episodes with peak calcium values of 2 . 7 to 3 . 8 mmol / L ( 10 . 7 to 15 . 0 mg / dL ) , patients in the hypercalcemic group exhibited a significant increase in the mean calcium concentration obtained during 6 months before the switch , compared with the mean value obtained during the 7 months of observation after the switch ( 2 . 4 + / - 0 . 03 to 2 . 5 + / - 0 . 03 mmol / L [ 9 . 7 + / - 0 . 2 to 10 . 2 + / - 0 . 1 mg / dL ] , P = 0 . 006 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercalcemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 163]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , eucalcemic patients exhibited no change in mean calcium values over the same time period ( 2 . 3 + / - 0 . 05 to 2 . 3 + / - 0 . 05 mmol / L [ 9 . 2 + / - 0 . 2 to 9 . 2 + / - 0 . 2 mg / dL ] ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CaCO3 dosage , calculated dietary calcium intake , and circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites were similar in both groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "CaCO3", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "vitamin D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physical activity index and predialysis serum bicarbonate levels also were similar in both groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there was a significant difference in parameters reflecting bone turnover rates between groups . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Late - onset scleroderma renal crisis induced by tacrolimus and prednisolone : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "scleroderma renal crisis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 37]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "prednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scleroderma renal crisis ( SRC ) is a rare complication of systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) but can be severe enough to require temporary or permanent renal replacement therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scleroderma renal crisis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "SRC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 30]}, {"entity": "systemic sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "SSc", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moderate to high dose corticosteroid use is recognized as a major risk factor for SRC .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "SRC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , there have been reports of thrombotic microangiopathy precipitated by cyclosporine in patients with SSc .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombotic microangiopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 67]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "SSc", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this article , we report a patient with SRC induced by tacrolimus and corticosteroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "SRC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "corticosteroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this work is to call attention to the risk of tacrolimus use in patients with SSc .", "entity": [{"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "SSc", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methyldopa - induced hemolytic anemia in a 15 year old presenting as near - syncope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methyldopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "syncope", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methyldopa is an antihypertensive medication which is available generically and under the trade name Aldomet that is widely prescribed in the adult population and infrequently used in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methyldopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Aldomet", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methyldopa causes an autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a small percentage of patients who take the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methyldopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "autoimmune hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of methyldopa - induced hemolytic anemia in a 15 - year - old boy who presented to the emergency department with near - syncope .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyldopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "emergency department", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 124]}, {"entity": "syncope", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The boy had been treated with intravenous methyldopa during a trauma admission seven weeks prior to presentation .", "entity": [{"entity": "methyldopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "trauma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evaluation revealed a hemoglobin of three grams , 3 + Coombs ' test with polyspecific anti - human globulin and monospecific IgG reagents , and a warm reacting autoantibody .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfusion and corticosteroid therapy resulted in a complete recovery of the patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergency physicians treating children must be aware of this syndrome in order to diagnose and treat it correctly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A brief review of autoimmune and drug - induced hemolytic anemias is provided .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic anemias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine - dependent patients in Malaysia .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study was to determine the risk of lifetime and current methamphetamine - induced psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 125]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between psychiatric co - morbidity and methamphetamine - induced psychosis was also studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 70]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This was a cross - sectional study conducted concurrently at a teaching hospital and a drug rehabilitation center in Malaysia .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with the diagnosis of methamphetamine based on DSM - IV were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ( M . I . N . I . ) for methamphetamine - induced psychosis and other Axis I psychiatric disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 177]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "psychiatric disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [215, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The information on sociodemographic background and drug use history was obtained from interview or medical records .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of 292 subjects , 47 . 9 % of the subjects had a past history of psychotic symptoms and 13 . 0 % of the patients were having current psychotic symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "psychotic symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "psychotic symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - morbid major depressive disorder ( OR = 7 . 18 , 95 CI = 2 . 612 - 19 . 708 ) , bipolar disorder ( OR = 13 . 807 , 95 CI = 5 . 194 - 36 . 706 ) , antisocial personality disorder ( OR = 12 . 619 , 95 CI = 6 . 702 - 23 . 759 ) and heavy methamphetamine uses were significantly associated with lifetime methamphetamine - induced psychosis after adjusted for other factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressive disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 37]}, {"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "antisocial personality disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 182]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 255]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 320]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [331, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major depressive disorder ( OR = 2 . 870 , CI = 1 . 154 - 7 . 142 ) and antisocial personality disorder ( OR = 3 . 299 , 95 CI = 1 . 375 - 7 . 914 ) were the only factors associated with current psychosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Major depressive disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "antisocial personality disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 103]}, {"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : There was a high risk of psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence .", "entity": [{"entity": "psychosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was associated with co - morbid affective disorder , antisocial personality , and heavy methamphetamine use .", "entity": [{"entity": "affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "antisocial personality", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is recommended that all cases of methamphetamine dependence should be screened for psychotic symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "psychotic symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebellar sensory processing alterations impact motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson ' s disease : clues from dyskinetic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 99]}, {"entity": "dyskinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The plasticity of primary motor cortex ( M1 ) in patients with Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) and levodopa - induced dyskinesias ( LIDs ) is severely impaired .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 84]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "LIDs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported in young healthy subjects that inhibitory cerebellar stimulation enhanced the sensorimotor plasticity of M1 that was induced by paired associative stimulation ( PAS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that the deficient sensorimotor M1 plasticity in 16 patients with LIDs could be reinstated by a single session of real inhibitory cerebellar stimulation but not sham stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIDs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was evident only when a sensory component was involved in the induction of plasticity , indicating that cerebellar sensory processing function is involved in the resurgence of M1 plasticity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The benefit of inhibitory cerebellar stimulation on LIDs is known .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIDs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To explore whether this benefit is linked to the restoration of sensorimotor plasticity of M1 , we conducted an additional study looking at changes in LIDs and PAS - induced plasticity after 10 sessions of either bilateral , real inhibitory cerebellar stimulation or sham stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIDs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only real and not sham stimulation had an antidyskinetic effect and it was paralleled by a resurgence in the sensorimotor plasticity of M1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that alterations in cerebellar sensory processing function , occurring secondary to abnormal basal ganglia signals reaching it , may be an important element contributing to the maladaptive sensorimotor plasticity of M1 and the emergence of abnormal involuntary movements .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormal involuntary movements", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [262, 292]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long - term safety of danazol in women with hereditary angioedema .", "entity": [{"entity": "danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "hereditary angioedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the short - term safety ( less than or equal to 6 months ) of danazol has been established in a variety of settings , no information exists as to its long - term safety .", "entity": [{"entity": "danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore investigated the long - term safety of danazol by performing a retrospective chart review of 60 female patients with hereditary angioedema treated with danazol for a continuous period of 6 months or longer .", "entity": [{"entity": "danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "hereditary angioedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 151]}, {"entity": "danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean age of the patients was 35 . 2 years and the mean duration of therapy was 59 . 7 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Virtually all patients experienced one or more adverse reactions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Menstrual abnormalities ( 79 % ) , weight gain ( 60 % ) , muscle cramps / myalgias ( 40 % ) , and transaminase elevations ( 40 % ) were the most common adverse reactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Menstrual abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "muscle cramps", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "myalgias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No patient has died or suffered any apparent long - term sequelae that were directly attributable to the drug .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that , despite a relatively high incidence of adverse reactions , danazol has proven to be remarkably safe over the long - term in this group of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "danazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The function of P2X3 receptor and NK1 receptor antagonists on cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 78]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The purpose of the study is to explore the function of P2X3 and NK1 receptors antagonists on cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) - induced cystitis in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Sixty female Sprague - Dawley ( SD ) rats were randomly divided into three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally ( i . p . ) injected with 0 . 9 % saline ( 4 ml / kg ) ; the rats in the model group were i . p . injected with CYP ( 150 mg / kg ) ; and the rats in the intervention group were i . p . injected with CYP with subsequently perfusion of bladder with P2X3 and NK1 receptors ' antagonists , Suramin and GR 82334 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 168]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 256]}, {"entity": "Suramin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [340, 347]}, {"entity": "GR 82334", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 360]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous pain behaviors following the administration of CYP were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urodynamic parameters , bladder pressure - volume curve , maximum voiding pressure ( MVP ) , and maximum cystometric capacity ( MCC ) , were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pathological changes in bladder tissue were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of P2X3 and NK1 receptors in bladder .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Cyclophosphamide treatment increased the spontaneous pain behaviors scores .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 26]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of bladder instability during urine storage period of model group was significantly higher than intervention group ( X ( 2 ) = 7 . 619 , P = 0 . 007 ) and control group ( X ( 2 ) = 13 . 755 , P = 0 . 000 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MCC in the model group was lower than the control and intervention groups ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histological changes evident in model and intervention groups rats ' bladder included edema , vasodilation , and infiltration of inflammatory cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In model group , the expression of P2X3 receptor increased in urothelium and suburothelium , and NK1 receptor increased in suburothelium , while the expression of them in intervention group was lower .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In CYP - induced cystitis , the expression of P2X3 and NK1 receptors increased in urothelium and / or suburothelium .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Perfusion of bladder with P2X3 and NK1 receptors antagonists ameliorated the bladder function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient tolerance study of topical chlorhexidine diphosphanilate : a new topical agent for burns .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorhexidine diphosphanilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 64]}, {"entity": "burns", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effective topical antimicrobial agents decrease infection and mortality in burn patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "burn", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chlorhexidine phosphanilate ( CHP ) , a new broad - spectrum antimicrobial agent , has been evaluated as a topical burn wound dressing in cream form , but preliminary clinical trials reported that it was painful upon application .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chlorhexidine phosphanilate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "burn", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study compared various concentrations of CHP to determine if a tolerable concentration could be identified with retention of antimicrobial efficacy .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - nine burn patients , each with two similar burns which could be separately treated , were given pairs of treatments at successive 12 - h intervals over a 3 - day period .", "entity": [{"entity": "burn", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "burns", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One burn site was treated with each of four different CHP concentrations , from 0 . 25 per cent to 2 per cent , their vehicle , and 1 per cent silver sulphadiazine ( AgSD ) cream , an antimicrobial agent frequently used for topical treatment of burn wounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "burn", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "silver sulphadiazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 163]}, {"entity": "AgSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "burn", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [245, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other site was always treated with AgSD cream .", "entity": [{"entity": "AgSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a direct relationship between CHP concentration and patients ' ratings of pain on an analogue scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 0 . 25 per cent CHP cream was closest to AgSD in pain tolerance ; however , none of the treatments differed statistically from AgSD or from each other .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "AgSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "AgSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , ease of application of CHP creams was less satisfactory than that of AgSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "AgSD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was concluded that formulations at or below 0 . 5 per cent CHP may prove acceptable for wound care , but the vehicle system needs pharmaceutical improvement to render it more tolerable and easier to use .", "entity": [{"entity": "CHP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute hepatitis associated with clopidogrel : a case report and review of the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - induced hepatotoxicity is a common cause of acute hepatitis , and the recognition of the responsible drug may be difficult .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a case of clopidogrel - related acute hepatitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis is strongly suggested by an accurate medical history and liver biopsy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports about cases of hepatotoxicity due to clopidogrel are increasing in the last few years , after the increased use of this drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , we believe that physicians should carefully consider the risk of drug - induced hepatic injury when clopidogrel is prescribed .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "clopidogrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bortezomib and dexamethasone as salvage therapy in patients with relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma : analysis of long - term clinical outcomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bortezomib ( bort ) - dexamethasone ( dex ) is an effective therapy for relapsed / refractory ( R / R ) multiple myeloma ( MM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "MM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This retrospective study investigated the combination of bort ( 1 . 3 mg / m ( 2 ) on days 1 , 4 , 8 , and 11 every 3 weeks ) and dex ( 20 mg on the day of and the day after bort ) as salvage treatment in 85 patients with R / R MM after prior autologous stem cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}, {"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 178]}, {"entity": "MM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty - seven percent of the patients had received immunomodulatory drugs included in some line of therapy before bort - dex .", "entity": [{"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median number of bort - dex cycles was 6 , up to a maximum of 12 cycles .", "entity": [{"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On an intention - to - treat basis , 55 % of the patients achieved at least partial response , including 19 % CR and 35 % achieved at least very good partial response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median durations of response , time to next therapy and treatment - free interval were 8 , 11 . 2 , and 5 . 1 months , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most relevant adverse event was peripheral neuropathy , which occurred in 78 % of the patients ( grade II , 38 % ; grade III , 21 % ) and led to treatment discontinuation in 6 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a median follow up of 22 months , median time to progression , progression - free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) were 8 . 9 , 8 . 7 , and 22 months , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged PFS and OS were observed in patients achieving CR and receiving bort - dex a single line of prior therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bort - dex was an effective salvage treatment for MM patients , particularly for those in first relapse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bort", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "MM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pubertal exposure to Bisphenol A increases anxiety - like behavior and decreases acetylcholinesterase activity of hippocampus in adult male mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The negative effects of Bisphenol A ( BPA ) on neurodevelopment and behaviors have been well established .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bisphenol A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) is a regulatory enzyme which is involved in anxiety - like behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigated behavioral phenotypes and AChE activity in male mice following BPA exposure during puberty .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On postnatal day ( PND ) 35 , male mice were exposed to 50mg BPA / kg diet per day for a period of 35 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On PND71 , a behavioral assay was performed using the elevated plus maze ( EPM ) and the light / dark test .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , AChE activity was measured in the prefrontal cortex , hypothalamus , cerebellum and hippocampus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results from our behavioral phenotyping indicated that anxiety - like behavior was increased in mice exposed to BPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AChE activity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mice with BPA compared to control mice , whereas no difference was found in the prefrontal cortex , hypothalamus and cerebellum .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings showed that pubertal BPA exposure increased anxiety - like behavior , which may be associated with decreased AChE activity of the hippocampus in adult male mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are necessary to investigate the cholinergic signaling of the hippocampus in PBE induced anxiety - like behaviors .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) are the major health problem of advanced as well as developing countries of the world .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiovascular diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "CVDs", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the Solidago virgaurea extract on isoproterenol - induced cardiotoxicity in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol ( 30 mg / kg ) into rats twice at an interval of 24 h , for two consecutive days , led to a significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase , creatine phosphokinase , alanine transaminase , aspartate transaminase , and angiotensin - converting enzyme activities , total cholesterol , triglycerides , free serum fatty acid , cardiac tissue malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , and nitric oxide levels and a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in cardiac tissue as compared to the normal control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "alanine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 222]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [238, 247]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 278]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 329]}, {"entity": "triglycerides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [332, 345]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [359, 369]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [387, 402]}, {"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [405, 408]}, {"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [417, 429]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [477, 488]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [493, 503]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment with S . virgaurea extract for 5 weeks at a dose of 250 mg / kg followed by isoproterenol injection significantly prevented the observed alterations .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Captopril ( 50 mg / kg / day , given orally ) , an inhibitor of angiotensin - converting enzyme used as a standard cardioprotective drug , was used as a positive control in this study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Captopril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data of the present study suggest that S . virgaurea extract exerts its protective effect by decreasing MDA level and increasing the antioxidant status in isoproterenol - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study emphasizes the beneficial action of S . virgaurea extract as a cardioprotective agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" Real - world \" data on the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma who were treated according to the standard clinical practice : a study of the Greek Myeloma Study Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "lenalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 138]}, {"entity": "Myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lenalidomide and dexamethasone ( RD ) is a standard of care for relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma ( RRMM ) , but there is limited published data on its efficacy and safety in the \" real world \" ( RW ) , according to the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research definition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lenalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "RD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 35]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "RRMM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied 212 RRMM patients who received RD in RW .", "entity": [{"entity": "RRMM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "RD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Objective response ( > PR ( partial response ) ) rate was 77 . 4 % ( complete response ( CR ) , 20 . 2 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median time to first and best response was 2 and 5 months , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median time to CR when RD was given as 2nd or > 2 ( nd ) - line treatment at 4 and 11 months , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "RD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quality of response was independent of previous lines of therapies or previous exposure to thalidomide or bortezomib .", "entity": [{"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median duration of response was 34 . 4 months , and it was higher in patients who received RD until progression ( not reached versus 19 months , p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "RD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of humoral immunity occurred in 60 % of responders ( p < 0 . 001 ) and in the majority of patients who achieved stable disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse events were reported in 68 . 9 % of patients ( myelosuppression in 49 . 4 % ) and 12 . 7 % of patients needed hospitalization .", "entity": [{"entity": "myelosuppression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral neuropathy was observed only in 2 . 5 % of patients and deep vein thrombosis in 5 . 7 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "deep vein thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose reductions were needed in 31 % of patients and permanent discontinuation in 38 . 9 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median time to treatment discontinuation was 16 . 8 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Performance status ( PS ) and initial lenalidomide dose predicted for treatment discontinuation .", "entity": [{"entity": "lenalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extra - medullary relapses occurred in 3 . 8 % of patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our study confirms that RD is effective and safe in RRMM in the RW ; it produces durable responses especially in patients who continue on treatment till progression and improves humoral immunity even in patients with stable disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "RD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "RRMM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cytogenetic action of ifosfamide , mesna , and their combination on peripheral rabbit lymphocytes : an in vivo / in vitro cytogenetic study .", "entity": [{"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ifosfamide ( IFO ) is an alkylating nitrogen mustard , administrated as an antineoplasmic agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is characterized by its intense urotoxic action , leading to hemorrhagic cystitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhagic cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This side effect of IFO raises the requirement for the co - administration with sodium 2 - sulfanylethanesulfonate ( Mesna ) aiming to avoid or minimize this effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "sodium 2 - sulfanylethanesulfonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 114]}, {"entity": "Mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IFO and Mesna were administrated separately on rabbit ' s lymphocytes in vivo , which were later developed in vitro .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytogenetic markers for sister chromatid exchanges ( SCEs ) , proliferation rate index ( PRI ) and Mitotic Index were recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesna ' s action , in conjunction with IFO reduces the frequency of SCEs , in comparison with the SCEs recordings obtained when IFO is administered alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition to this , when high concentrations of Mesna were administered alone significant reductions of the PRI were noted , than with IFO acting at the same concentration on the lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesna significantly reduces IFO ' s genotoxicity , while when administered in high concentrations it acts in an inhibitory fashion on the cytostatic action of the drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "IFO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "genotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors and predictors of levodopa - induced dyskinesia among multiethnic Malaysians with Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic pulsatile levodopa therapy for Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) leads to the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 60]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 65]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the prevalence and predictors of levodopa - induced dyskinesia among multiethnic Malaysian patients with PD .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This is a cross - sectional study involving 95 patients with PD on uninterrupted levodopa therapy for at least 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "PD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 73]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The instrument used was the UPDRS questionnaires .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The predictors of dyskinesia were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The mean age was 65 . 6 + 8 . 5 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean onset age was 58 . 5 + 9 . 8 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median disease duration was 6 ( 7 ) years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dyskinesia was present in 44 % ( n = 42 ) with median levodopa therapy of 3 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 64 . 3 % Chinese , 31 % Malays , and 3 . 7 % Indians and other ethnic groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty - one percent of patients with dyskinesia had clinical fluctuations .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with dyskinesia had lower onset age ( p < 0 . 001 ) , longer duration of levodopa therapy ( p < 0 . 001 ) , longer disease duration ( p < 0 . 001 ) , higher total daily levodopa dose ( p < 0 . 001 ) , and higher total UPDRS scores ( p = 0 . 005 ) than patients without dyskinesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [278, 288]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The three significant predictors of dyskinesia were duration of levodopa therapy , onset age , and total daily levodopa dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The prevalence of levodopa - induced dyskinesia in our patients was 44 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most significant predictors were duration of levodopa therapy , total daily levodopa dose , and onset age .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - dependent neurotoxicity of high - dose busulfan in children : a clinical and pharmacological study .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Busulfan is known to be neurotoxic in animals and humans , but its acute neurotoxicity remains poorly characterized in children .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here a retrospective study of 123 children ( median age , 6 . 5 years ) receiving high - dose busulfan in combined chemotherapy before bone marrow transplantation for malignant solid tumors , brain tumors excluded .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [193, 199]}, {"entity": "brain tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Busulfan was given p . o . , every 6 hours for 16 doses over 4 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two total doses were consecutively used : 16 mg / kg , then 600 mg / m2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose calculation on the basis of body surface area results in higher doses in young children than in older patients ( 16 to 28 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ninety - six patients were not given anticonvulsive prophylaxis ; 7 ( 7 . 5 % ) developed seizures during the 4 days of the busulfan course or within 24 h after the last dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the total busulfan dose was taken into account , there was a significant difference in terms of neurotoxicity incidence among patients under 16 mg / kg ( 1 of 57 , 1 . 7 % ) and patients under 600 mg / m2 ( 6 of 39 , 15 . 4 % ) ( P less than 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - seven patients were given a 600 - mg / m2 busulfan total dose with continuous i . v . infusion of clonazepam ; none had any neurological symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "clonazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "neurological symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Busulfan levels were measured by a gas chromatographic - mass spectrometry assay in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of 9 children without central nervous system disease under 600 mg / m2 busulfan with clonazepam : busulfan cerebrospinal fluid : plasma ratio was 1 . 39 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "central nervous system disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 171]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}, {"entity": "clonazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 214]}, {"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was significantly different ( P less than 0 . 02 ) from the cerebrospinal fluid : plasma ratio previously defined in children receiving a 16 - mg / kg total dose of busulfan .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that busulfan neurotoxicity is dose - dependent in children and efficiently prevented by clonazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "clonazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A busulfan dose calculated on the basis of body surface area , resulting in higher doses in young children , was followed by increased neurotoxicity , close to neurotoxicity incidence observed in adults .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since plasma pharmacokinetic studies showed a faster busulfan clearance in children than in adults , this new dose may approximate more closely the adult systemic exposure obtained after the usual 16 - mg / kg total dose , with potential inferences in terms of anticancer or myeloablative effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The busulfan dose in children and infants undergoing bone marrow transplantation should be reconsidered on the basis of pharmacokinetic studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "busulfan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unexpected diagnosis in a renal - transplant patient with proteinuria treated with everolimus : AL amyloidosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "everolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "AL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Proteinuria is an expected complication in transplant patients treated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors ( mTOR - i ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "rapamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , clinical suspicion should always be supported by histological evidence in order to investigate potential alternate diagnoses such as acute or chronic rejection , interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy , or recurrent or de novo glomerulopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 193]}, {"entity": "atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 213]}, {"entity": "glomerulopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [240, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case we report the unexpected diagnosis of amyloidosis in a renal - transplant patient with pre - transplant monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance who developed proteinuria after conversion from tacrolimus to everolimus .", "entity": [{"entity": "amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 226]}, {"entity": "everolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term oral galactose treatment prevents cognitive deficits in male Wistar rats treated intracerebroventricularly with streptozotocin .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basic and clinical research has demonstrated that dementia of sporadic Alzheimer ' s disease ( sAD ) type is associated with dysfunction of the insulin - receptor ( IR ) system followed by decreased glucose transport via glucose transporter GLUT4 and decreased glucose metabolism in brain cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "Alzheimer ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 206]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 228]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [261, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An alternative source of energy is d - galactose ( the C - 4 - epimer of d - glucose ) which is transported into the brain by insulin - independent GLUT3 transporter where it might be metabolized to glucose via the Leloir pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "d - glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 84]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exclusively parenteral daily injections of galactose induce memory deterioration in rodents and are used to generate animal aging model , but the effects of oral galactose treatment on cognitive functions have never been tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "memory deterioration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the effects of continuous daily oral galactose ( 200 mg / kg / day ) treatment on cognitive deficits in streptozotocin - induced ( STZ - icv ) rat model of sAD , tested by Morris Water Maze and Passive Avoidance test , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 121]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One month of oral galactose treatment initiated immediately after the STZ - icv administration , successfully prevented development of the STZ - icv - induced cognitive deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 142]}, {"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Beneficial effect of oral galactose was independent of the rat age and of the galactose dose ranging from 100 to 300 mg / kg / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , oral galactose administration led to the appearance of galactose in the blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase of galactose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was several times lower after oral than after parenteral administration of the same galactose dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral galactose exposure might have beneficial effects on learning and memory ability and could be worth investigating for improvement of cognitive deficits associated with glucose hypometabolism in AD .", "entity": [{"entity": "galactose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 155]}, {"entity": "glucose hypometabolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 194]}, {"entity": "AD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [198, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An investigation of the pattern of kidney injury in HIV - positive persons exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : an examination of a large population database ( MHRA database ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "tenofovir disoproxil fumarate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential for tenofovir to cause a range of kidney syndromes has been established from mechanistic and randomised clinical trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "tenofovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the exact pattern of kidney involvement is still uncertain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We undertook a descriptive analysis of Yellow Card records of 407 HIV - positive persons taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) as part of their antiretroviral therapy regimen and submitted to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency ( MHRA ) with suspected kidney adverse effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "tenofovir disoproxil fumarate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 125]}, {"entity": "TDF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reports that satisfy defined criteria were classified as acute kidney injury , kidney tubular dysfunction and Fanconi syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "kidney tubular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 105]}, {"entity": "Fanconi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 407 Yellow Card records analysed , 106 satisfied criteria for TDF - related kidney disease , of which 53 ( 50 % ) had features of kidney tubular dysfunction , 35 ( 33 % ) were found to have features of glomerular dysfunction and 18 ( 17 % ) had Fanconi syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}, {"entity": "kidney disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "kidney tubular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 163]}, {"entity": "glomerular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [209, 231]}, {"entity": "Fanconi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [252, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median TDF exposure was 316 days ( interquartile range 120 - 740 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of hospitalisation for TDF kidney adverse effects was high , particularly amongst patients with features of Fanconi syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "Fanconi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pattern of kidney syndromes in this population series mirrors that reported in randomised clinical trials .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cessation of TDF was associated with complete restoration of kidney function in up half of the patients in this report .", "entity": [{"entity": "TDF", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of postoperative delirium is high even in a population without known risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : Postoperative delirium is a recognized complication in populations at risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of early postoperative delirium in a population without known risk factors admitted to the ICU for postoperative monitoring after elective major surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The secondary outcome investigated is to identify eventual independent risk factors among demographic data and anesthetic drugs used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : An observational , prospective study was conducted on a consecutive cohort of patients admitted to our ICU within and for at least 24 h after major surgical procedures .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exclusion criteria were any preexisting predisposing factor for delirium or other potentially confounding neurological dysfunctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "neurological dysfunctions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were assessed daily using the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale for 3 days after the surgical procedure .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early postoperative delirium incidence risk factors were then assessed through three different multiple regression models .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : According to the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale , 28 % of patients were diagnosed with early postoperative delirium .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The use of thiopentone was significantly associated with an eight - fold - higher risk for delirium compared to propofol ( 57 . 1 % vs . 7 . 1 % , RR = 8 . 0 , X2 = 4 . 256 ; df = 1 ; 0 . 05 < p < 0 . 02 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiopentone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 99]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : In this study early postoperative delirium was found to be a very common complication after major surgery , even in a population without known risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thiopentone was independently associated with an increase in its relative risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thiopentone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single neurotoxic dose of methamphetamine induces a long - lasting depressive - like behaviour in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "depressive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methamphetamine ( METH ) triggers a disruption of the monoaminergic system and METH abuse leads to negative emotional states including depressive symptoms during drug withdrawal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Methamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 83]}, {"entity": "depressive symptoms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it is currently unknown if the acute toxic dosage of METH also causes a long - lasting depressive phenotype and persistent monoaminergic deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "depressive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , we now assessed the depressive - like behaviour in mice at early and long - term periods following a single high METH dose ( 30 mg / kg , i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METH did not alter the motor function and procedural memory of mice as assessed by swimming speed and escape latency to find the platform in a cued version of the water maze task .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , METH significantly increased the immobility time in the tail suspension test at 3 and 49 days post - administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This depressive - like profile induced by METH was accompanied by a marked depletion of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission , indicated by a reduction in the levels of dopamine , DOPAC and HVA , tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin , observed at both 3 and 49 days post - administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "DOPAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 211]}, {"entity": "HVA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 219]}, {"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 230]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In parallel , another neurochemical feature of depression - - astroglial dysfunction - - was unaffected in the cortex and the striatal levels of the astrocytic protein marker , glial fibrillary acidic protein , were only transiently increased at 3 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings demonstrate for the first time that a single high dose of METH induces long - lasting depressive - like behaviour in mice associated with a persistent disruption of frontostriatal dopaminergic and serotonergic homoeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "METH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 77]}, {"entity": "depressive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linezolid - induced optic neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many systemic antimicrobials have been implicated to cause ocular adverse effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is especially relevant in multidrug therapy where more than one drug can cause a similar ocular adverse effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a case of progressive loss of vision associated with linezolid therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "loss of vision", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 45 - year - old male patient who was on treatment with multiple second - line anti - tuberculous drugs including linezolid and ethambutol for extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis ( XDR - TB ) presented to us with painless progressive loss of vision in both eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 185]}, {"entity": "XDR - TB", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 196]}, {"entity": "loss of vision", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [241, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Color vision was defective and fundus examination revealed optic disc edema in both eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "optic disc edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethambutol - induced toxic optic neuropathy was suspected and tablet ethambutol was withdrawn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "toxic optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 43]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deterioration of vision occurred despite withdrawal of ethambutol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deterioration of vision", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Discontinuation of linezolid resulted in marked improvement of vision .", "entity": [{"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our report emphasizes the need for monitoring of visual function in patients on long - term linezolid treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "linezolid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resuscitation with lipid , epinephrine , or both in levobupivacaine - induced cardiac toxicity in newborn piglets .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : The optimal dosing regimens of lipid emulsion , epinephrine , or both are not yet determined in neonates in cases of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity ( LAST ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Newborn piglets received levobupivacaine until cardiovascular collapse occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "levobupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular collapse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started and electrocardiogram ( ECG ) was monitored for ventricular tachycardia , fibrillation , or QRS prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piglets were then randomly allocated to four groups : control ( saline ) , Intralipid ( ) alone , epinephrine alone , or a combination of Intralipd plus epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Resuscitation continued for 30 min or until there was a return of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC ) accompanied by a mean arterial pressure at or superior to the baseline pressure and normal sinus rhythm for a period of 30 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : ROSC was achieved in only one of the control piglets compared with most of the treated piglets .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mortality was not significantly different between the three treatment groups , but was significantly lower in all the treatment groups compared with control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of ECG abnormalities was zero in the Intralipid only group , but 14 and 17 , respectively , in the epinephrine and epinephrine plus lipid groups ( P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Lipid emulsion with or without epinephrine , or epinephrine alone were equally effective in achieving a return to spontaneous circulation in this model of LAST .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epinephrine alone or in combination with lipid was associated with an increased number of ECG abnormalities compared with lipid emulsion alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of heparin - induced thrombocytopenia type II and postoperative recovery of platelet count in liver graft recipients : a retrospective cohort analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Thrombocytopenia in patients with end - stage liver disease is a common disorder caused mainly by portal hypertension , low levels of thrombopoetin , and endotoxemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "end - stage liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 72]}, {"entity": "portal hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 130]}, {"entity": "endotoxemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The impact of immune - mediated heparin - induced thrombocytopenia type II ( HIT type II ) as a cause of thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation is not yet understood , with few literature citations reporting contradictory results .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 74]}, {"entity": "HIT type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of our study was to demonstrate the perioperative course of thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation and determine the occurrence of clinical HIT type II .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "HIT type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 205 consecutive adult patients who underwent full - size liver transplantation between January 2006 and December 2010 due to end - stage or malignant liver disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "end - stage or malignant liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preoperative platelet count , postoperative course of platelets , and clinical signs of HIT type II were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : A total of 155 ( 75 . 6 % ) of 205 patients had thrombocytopenia before transplantation , significantly influenced by Model of End - Stage Liver Disease score and liver cirrhosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "End - Stage Liver Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 162]}, {"entity": "liver cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The platelet count exceeded 100 , 000 / uL in most of the patients ( n = 193 ) at a medium of 7 d .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding HIT II , there were four ( 1 . 95 % ) patients with a background of HIT type II .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "HIT type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The incidence of HIT in patients with end - stage hepatic failure is , with about 1 . 95 % , rare .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "end - stage hepatic failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For further reduction of HIT type II , the use of intravenous heparin should be avoided and the prophylactic anticoagulation should be performed with low - molecular - weight heparin after normalization of platelet count .", "entity": [{"entity": "HIT type II", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takotsubo syndrome ( or apical ballooning syndrome ) secondary to Zolmitriptan .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takotsubo syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "apical ballooning syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "Zolmitriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Takotsubo syndrome ( TS ) , also known as broken heart syndrome , is characterized by left ventricle apical ballooning with elevated cardiac biomarkers and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome ( ie , ST - segment elevation , T wave inversions , and pathologic Q waves ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Takotsubo syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "TS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "broken heart syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "acute coronary syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of 54 - year - old woman with medical history of mitral valve prolapse and migraines , who was admitted to the hospital for substernal chest pain and electrocardiogram demonstrated 1 / 2 mm ST - segment elevation in leads II , III , aVF , V5 , and V6 and positive troponin I .", "entity": [{"entity": "mitral valve prolapse", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 87]}, {"entity": "migraines", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergent coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with wall motion abnormalities consistent with TS .", "entity": [{"entity": "TS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detailed history obtained retrospectively revealed that the patient took zolmitriptan sparingly only when she had migraines .", "entity": [{"entity": "zolmitriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "migraines", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "But before this event , she was taking zolmitriptan 2 - 3 times daily for several days because of a persistent migraine headache .", "entity": [{"entity": "zolmitriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "migraine headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She otherwise reported that she is quite active , rides horses , and does show jumping without any limitations in her physical activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no evidence of any recent stress or status migrainosus .", "entity": [{"entity": "status migrainosus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive literature search revealed multiple cases of coronary artery vasospasm secondary to zolmitriptan , but none of the cases were associated with TS .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 80]}, {"entity": "zolmitriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "TS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depression , impulsiveness , sleep , and memory in past and present polydrug users of 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA , ecstasy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "impulsiveness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 123]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Ecstasy ( 3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine , MDMA ) is a worldwide recreational drug of abuse .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "3 , 4 - methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 59]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unfortunately , the results from human research investigating its psychological effects have been inconsistent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The present study aimed to be the largest to date in sample size and 5HT - related behaviors ; the first to compare present ecstasy users with past users after an abstinence of 4 or more years , and the first to include robust controls for other recreational substances .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A sample of 997 participants ( 52 % male ) was recruited to four control groups ( non - drug ( ND ) , alcohol / nicotine ( AN ) , cannabis / alcohol / nicotine ( CAN ) , non - ecstasy polydrug ( PD ) ) , and two ecstasy polydrug groups ( present ( MDMA ) and past users ( EX - MDMA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "AN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "cannabis", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "CAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 175]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 229]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 262]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [287, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participants completed a drug history questionnaire , Beck Depression Inventory , Barratt Impulsiveness Scale , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index , and Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised which , in total , provided 13 psychometric measures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "Impulsiveness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : While the CAN and PD groups tended to record greater deficits than the non - drug controls , the MDMA and EX - MDMA groups recorded greater deficits than all the control groups on ten of the 13 psychometric measures .", "entity": [{"entity": "CAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , despite prolonged abstinence ( mean , 4 . 98 ; range , 4 - 9 years ) , past ecstasy users showed few signs of recovery .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with present ecstasy users , the past users showed no change for ten measures , increased impairment for two measures , and improvement on just one measure .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Given this record of impaired memory and clinically significant levels of depression , impulsiveness , and sleep disturbance , the prognosis for the current generation of ecstasy users is a major cause for concern .", "entity": [{"entity": "impaired memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "impulsiveness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "sleep disturbance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 138]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of common genetic variants of HOMER1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson ' s disease patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levodopa is the most effective symptomatic therapy for Parkinson ' s disease , but its chronic use could lead to chronic adverse outcomes , such as motor fluctuations , dyskinesia and visual hallucinations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "visual hallucinations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HOMER1 is a protein with pivotal function in glutamate transmission , which has been related to the pathogenesis of these complications .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study investigates whether polymorphisms in the HOMER1 gene promoter region are associated with the occurrence of the chronic complications of levodopa therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 205 patients with idiopathic Parkinson ' s disease were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were genotyped for rs4704559 , rs10942891 and rs4704560 by allelic discrimination with Taqman assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rs4704559 G allele was associated with a lower prevalence of dyskinesia ( prevalence ratio ( PR ) = 0 . 615 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 . 426 - 0 . 887 , P = 0 . 009 ) and visual hallucinations ( PR = 0 . 515 , 95 % CI 0 . 295 - 0 . 899 , P = 0 . 020 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "visual hallucinations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that HOMER1 rs4704559 G allele has a protective role for the development of levodopa adverse effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crocin improves lipid dysregulation in subacute diazinon exposure through ERK1 / 2 pathway in rat liver .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Diazinon Yis one of the most broadly used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "organophosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It has been shown that exposure to diazinon may interfere with lipid metabolism .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , the hypolipidemic effect of crocin has been established .", "entity": [{"entity": "crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Earlier studies revealed the major role of Extracellular signal - regulated kinase ( ERK ) pathways in low - density lipoprotein receptor ( LDLr ) expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the regulation of lipid metabolism , ERK and LDLr expression in the liver of rats exposed to subacute diazinon .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore ameliorating effect of crocin on diazinon induced disturbed cholesterol homeostasis was studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : 24 Rats were divided into 4 groups and received following treatments for 4 weeks ; Corn oil ( control ) , diazinon ( 15mg / kg per day , orally ) and crocin ( 12 . 5 and 25mg / kg per day , intraperitoneally ) in combination with diazinon ( 15 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 124]}, {"entity": "crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 166]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The levels of cholesterol , triglyceride and LDL in blood of rats were analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover mRNA levels of LDLr and ERK1 / 2 as well as protein levels of total and activated forms of ERK1 / 2 in rat liver were evaluated by Western blotting and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Our data showed that subacute exposure to diazinon significantly increased concentrations of cholesterol , triglyceride and LDL .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 114]}, {"entity": "triglyceride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover diazinon decreased ERK1 / 2 protein phosphorylation and LDLr transcript .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crocin reduced inhibition of ERK activation and diazinon - induced hyperlipemia and increased levels of LDLr transcript .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "hyperlipemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Crocin may be considered as a novel protective agent in diazinon - induced hyperlipemia through modulating of ERK pathway and increase of LDLr expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "hyperlipemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GEM - P chemotherapy is active in the treatment of relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Hodgkin lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hodgkin lymphoma ( HL ) is a relatively chemosensitive malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hodgkin lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "HL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for those who relapse , high - dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant is the treatment of choice which relies on adequate disease control with salvage chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regimens commonly used often require inpatient administration and can be difficult to deliver due to toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gemcitabine and cisplatin have activity in HL , non - overlapping toxicity with first - line chemotherapeutics , and may be delivered in an outpatient setting .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gemcitabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "HL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 45]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this retrospective single - centre analysis , patients with relapsed or refractory HL treated with gemcitabine 1 , 000 mg / m ( 2 ) day ( D ) 1 , D8 and D15 ; methylprednisolone 1 , 000 mg D1 - 5 ; and cisplatin 100 mg / m ( 2 ) D15 , every 28 days ( GEM - P ) were included .", "entity": [{"entity": "HL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "gemcitabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "methylprednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}, {"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Demographic , survival , response and toxicity data were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - one eligible patients were identified : median age 27 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One hundred and twenty - two cycles of GEM - P were administered in total ( median 3 cycles ; range 1 - 6 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty of 41 ( 48 % ) patients received GEM - P as second - line treatment and 11 / 41 ( 27 % ) as third - line therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall response rate ( ORR ) to GEM - P in the entire cohort was 80 % ( complete response ( CR ) 37 % , partial response 44 % ) with 14 / 15 CR confirmed as a metabolic CR on PET and ORR of 85 % in the 20 second - line patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common grade 3 / 4 toxicities were haematological : neutropenia 54 % and thrombocytopenia 51 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Median follow - up from the start of GEM - P was 4 . 5 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following GEM - P , 5 - year progression - free survival was 46 % ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 30 - 62 % ) and 5 - year overall survival was 59 % ( 95 % CI , 43 - 74 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen of 41 patients proceeded directly to autologous transplant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GEM - P is a salvage chemotherapy with relatively high response rates , leading to successful transplantation in appropriate patients , in the treatment of relapsed or refractory HL .", "entity": [{"entity": "GEM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "HL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basal functioning of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( HPA ) axis and psychological distress in recreational ecstasy polydrug users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RATIONALE : Ecstasy ( MDMA ) is a psychostimulant drug which is increasingly associated with psychobiological dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "MDMA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "psychobiological dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While some recent studies suggest acute changes in neuroendocrine function , less is known about long - term changes in HPA functionality in recreational users .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : The current study is the first to explore the effects of ecstasy - polydrug use on psychological distress and basal functioning of the HPA axis through assessing the secretion of cortisol across the diurnal period .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHOD : Seventy - six participants ( 21 nonusers , 29 light ecstasy - polydrug users , 26 heavy ecstasy - polydrug users ) completed a substance use inventory and measures of psychological distress at baseline , then two consecutive days of cortisol sampling ( on awakening , 30 min post awakening , between 1400 and 1600 hours and pre bedtime ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 2 , participants also attended the laboratory to complete a 20 - min multitasking stressor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Both user groups exhibited significantly greater levels of anxiety and depression than nonusers .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 1 , all participants exhibited a typical cortisol profile , though light users had significantly elevated levels pre - bed .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On day 2 , heavy users demonstrated elevated levels upon awakening and all ecstasy - polydrug users demonstrated elevated pre - bed levels compared to non - users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant between group differences were also observed in afternoon cortisol levels and in overall cortisol secretion across the day .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The increases in anxiety and depression are in line with previous observations in recreational ecstasy - polydrug users .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysregulated diurnal cortisol may be indicative of inappropriate anticipation of forthcoming demands and hypersecretion may lead to the increased psychological and physical morbidity associated with heavy recreational use of ecstasy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ifosfamide related encephalopathy : the need for a timely EEG evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent useful in the treatment of a wide range of cancers including sarcomas , lymphoma , gynecologic and testicular cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 97]}, {"entity": "sarcomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 127]}, {"entity": "gynecologic and testicular cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encephalopathy has been reported in 10 - 40 % of patients receiving high - dose IV ifosfamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "Encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To highlight the role of electroencephalogram ( EEG ) in the early detection and management of ifosfamide related encephalopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Retrospective chart review including clinical data and EEG recordings was done on five patients , admitted to MD Anderson Cancer Center between years 2009 and 2012 , who developed ifosfamide related acute encephalopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 200]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [215, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All five patients experienced symptoms of encephalopathy soon after ( within 12 h - 2 days ) receiving ifosfamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 66]}, {"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two patients developed generalized convulsions while one patient developed continuous non - convulsive status epilepticus ( NCSE ) that required ICU admission and intubation .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "non - convulsive status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 121]}, {"entity": "NCSE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Initial EEG showed epileptiform discharges in three patients ; run of triphasic waves in one patient and moderate degree diffuse generalized slowing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mixed pattern with the presence of both sharps and triphasic waves were also noted .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeat EEGs within 24 _ h of symptom onset showed marked improvement that was correlated with clinical improvement .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Severity of ifosfamide related encephalopathy correlates with EEG changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest a timely EEG evaluation for patients receiving ifosfamide who develop features of encephalopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ifosfamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of contrast - induced nephropathy in hospitalised patients with cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : To determine the frequency of and possible factors related to contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) in hospitalised patients with cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Ninety adult patients were enrolled .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with risk factors for acute renal failure were excluded .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood samples were examined the day before contrast - enhanced computed tomography ( CT ) and serially for 3 days thereafter .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ( Cr ) of 0 . 5 mg / dl or more , or elevation of Cr to 25 % over baseline .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationships between CIN and possible risk factors were investigated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : CIN was detected in 18 / 90 ( 20 % ) patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIN developed in 25 . 5 % patients who underwent chemotherapy and in 11 % patients who did not ( P = 0 . 1 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIN more frequently developed in patients who had undergone CT within 45 days after the last chemotherapy ( P = 0 . 005 ) ; it was also an independent risk factor ( P = 0 . 017 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIN was significantly more after treatment with bevacizumab / irinotecan ( P = 0 . 021 ) and in patients with hypertension ( P = 0 . 044 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "bevacizumab", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 59]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The incidence of CIN after CT in hospitalised oncological patients was 20 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CIN developed 4 . 5 - times more frequently in patients with cancer who had undergone recent chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertension and the combination of bevacizumab / irinotecan may be additional risk factors for CIN development .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "bevacizumab", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "irinotecan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "KEY POINTS : .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) is a concern for oncological patients undergoing CT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ". CIN occurs more often when CT is performed < 45 days after chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": ". Hypertension and treatment with bevacizumab appear to be additional risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "bevacizumab", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with desvenlafaxine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 46]}, {"entity": "desvenlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To report a case of syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone ( SIADH ) secretion associated with desvenlafaxine .", "entity": [{"entity": "syndrome of inappropriate anti - diuretic hormone", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 81]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "desvenlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE SUMMARY : A 57 - year old female with hyponatraemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatraemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her medications included desvenlafaxine , and symptoms included nausea , anxiety and confusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "desvenlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The serum sodium at this time was 120 mmol / L , serum osmolality was 263 mosmol / kg , urine osmolality 410 mosmol / kg and urine sodium 63 mmol / L , consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Desvenlafaxine was ceased and fluid restriction implemented .", "entity": [{"entity": "Desvenlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4 days the sodium increased to 128 mmol / L and fluid restriction was relaxed .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During her further 3 weeks inpatient admission the serum sodium ranged from 134 to 137 mmol / L during treatment with mirtazapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 63]}, {"entity": "mirtazapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : SIADH has been widely reported with a range of antidepressants .", "entity": [{"entity": "SIADH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case report suggests that desvenlafaxine might cause clinically significant hyponatremia .", "entity": [{"entity": "desvenlafaxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Clinicians should be aware of the potential for antidepressants to cause hyponatremia , and take appropriate corrective action where necessary .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyponatremia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress on cardiotoxicity after treatment with single and multiple doses of doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism of doxorubicin ( DOX ) - induced cardiotoxicity remains controversial .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wistar rats ( n = 66 ) received DOX injections intraperitoneally and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental protocols : ( 1 ) rats were killed before ( - 24 h , n = 8 ) and 24 h after ( + 24 h , n = 8 ) a single dose of DOX ( 4 mg / kg body weight ) to determine the DOX acute effect and ( 2 ) rats ( n = 58 ) received 4 injections of DOX ( 4 mg / kg body weight / week ) and were killed before the first injection ( M0 ) and 1 week after each injection ( M1 , M2 , M3 , and M4 ) to determine the chronological effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 225]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 272]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [337, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals used at M0 ( n = 8 ) were also used at moment - 24 h of acute study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac total antioxidant performance ( TAP ) , DNA damage , and morphology analyses were carried out at each time point .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Single dose of DOX was associated with increased cardiac disarrangement , necrosis , and DNA damage ( strand breaks ( SBs ) and oxidized pyrimidines ) and decreased TAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "cardiac disarrangement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chronological study showed an effect of a cumulative dose on body weight ( R = - 0 . 99 , p = 0 . 011 ) , necrosis ( R = 1 . 00 , p = 0 . 004 ) , TAP ( R = 0 . 95 , p = 0 . 049 ) , and DNA SBs ( R = - 0 . 95 , p = 0 . 049 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA SBs damage was negatively associated with TAP ( R = - 0 . 98 , p = 0 . 018 ) , and necrosis ( R = - 0 . 97 , p = 0 . 027 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results suggest that oxidative damage is associated with acute cardiotoxicity induced by a single dose of DOX only .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased resistance to the oxidative stress is plausible for the multiple dose of DOX .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , different mechanisms may be involved in acute toxicity versus chronic toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tacrolimus - related seizure after pediatric liver transplantation - - a single - center experience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tacrolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify the risk factors for new - onset seizures after pediatric LT and to assess their clinical implications and long - term prognosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical and laboratory data of 27 consecutive children who underwent LT from January 2007 to December 2010 in our center were analyzed retrospectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were divided into seizures group and a non - seizures group .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - operative , intra - operative , and post - operative data were collected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizures occurred in four children , an incidence of 14 . 8 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All exhibited generalized tonic - clonic seizures within the first two wk after LT .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonic - clonic seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with seizures after pediatric LT included gender , pediatric end - stage liver disease score before surgery , Child - Pugh score before surgery , serum total bilirubin after surgery , and trough TAC level .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "end - stage liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 146]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 227]}, {"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [255, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis showed that trough TAC level was the only independent risk factor associated with the seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 44]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All children who experienced seizures survived with good graft function and remained seizure - free without anti - epileptic drugs over a mean follow - up period of 33 . 7 + 14 . 6 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High trough TAC level was the predominant factor that contributed to seizures in the early post - operative period after pediatric LT .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High PELD and Child - Pugh scores before LT and high post - operative serum Tbil may be contributory risk factors for TAC - related seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "TAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The flavonoid apigenin delays forgetting of passive avoidance conditioning in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present experiments were performed to study the effect of the flavonoid apigenin ( 20 mg / kg intraperitoneally ( i . p . ) , 1 h before acquisition ) , on 24 h retention performance and forgetting of a step - through passive avoidance task , in young male Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "flavonoid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no differences between saline - and apigenin - treated groups in the 24 h retention trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , apigenin did not prevent the amnesia induced by scopolamine ( 1mg / kg , i . p . , 30 min before the acquisition ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The saline - and apigenin - treated rats that did not step through into the dark compartment during the cut - off time ( 540 s ) were retested weekly for up to eight weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the saline treated group , the first significant decline in passive avoidance response was observed at four weeks , and complete memory loss was found five weeks after the acquisition of the passive avoidance task .", "entity": [{"entity": "memory loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of the experimental period , 60 % of the animals treated with apigenin still did not step through .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that 1 ) apigenin delays the long - term forgetting but did not modulate the 24 h retention of fear memory and 2 ) the obtained beneficial effect of apigenin on the passive avoidance conditioning is mediated by mechanisms that do not implicate its action on the muscarinic cholinergic system .", "entity": [{"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "apigenin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histamine antagonists and d - tubocurarine - induced hypotension in cardiac surgical patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemodynamic effects and histamine release by bolus injection of 0 . 35 mg / kg of d - tubocurarine were studied in 24 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "H1 - and H2 - histamine antagonists or placebo were given before dosing with d - tubocurarine in a randomized double - blind fashion to four groups : group 1 - - placebo ; group 2 - - cimetidine , 4 mg / kg , plus placebo ; group 3 - - chlorpheniramine , 0 . 1 mg / kg , plus placebo ; and group 4 - - cimetidine plus chlorpheniramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 93]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "chlorpheniramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [236, 252]}, {"entity": "cimetidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 312]}, {"entity": "chlorpheniramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [318, 334]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histamine release occurred in most patients , the highest level 2 minutes after d - tubocurarine dosing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 1 had a moderate negative correlation between plasma histamine change and systemic vascular resistance ( r = 0 . 58 ; P less than 0 . 05 ) not present in group 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prior dosing with antagonists partially prevented the fall in systemic vascular resistance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that the hemodynamic changes associated with d - tubocurarine dosing are only partially explained by histamine release .", "entity": [{"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus prior dosing with H1 - and H2 - antagonists provides only partial protection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholecystokinin - octapeptide restored morphine - induced hippocampal long - term potentiation impairment in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholecystokinin - octapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholecystokinin - octapeptide ( CCK - 8 ) , which is a typical brain - gut peptide , exerts a wide range of biological activities on the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholecystokinin - octapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have previously reported that CCK - 8 significantly alleviated morphine - induced amnesia and reversed spine density decreases in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in morphine - treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we investigated the effects of CCK - 8 on long - term potentiation ( LTP ) in the lateral perforant path ( LPP ) - granule cell synapse of rat dentate gyrus ( DG ) in acute saline or morphine - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population spikes ( PS ) , which were evoked by stimulation of the LPP , were recorded in the DG region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute morphine ( 30mg / kg , s . c . ) treatment significantly attenuated hippocampal LTP and CCK - 8 ( 1ug , i . c . v . ) restored the amplitude of PS that was attenuated by morphine injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , microinjection of CCK - 8 ( 0 . 1 and 1ug , i . c . v . ) also significantly augmented hippocampal LTP in saline - treated ( 1ml / kg , s . c . ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - treatment of the CCK2 receptor antagonist L - 365 , 260 ( 10ug , i . c . v ) reversed the effects of CCK - 8 , but the CCK1 receptor antagonist L - 364 , 718 ( 10ug , i . c . v ) did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present results demonstrate that CCK - 8 attenuates the effect of morphine on hippocampal LTP through CCK2 receptors and suggest an ameliorative function of CCK - 8 on morphine - induced memory impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 168]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glial activation and post - synaptic neurotoxicity : the key events in Streptozotocin ( ICV ) induced memory impairment in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "Streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 85]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study the role of glial activation and post synaptic toxicity in ICV Streptozotocin ( STZ ) induced memory impaired rats was explored .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "Streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 98]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "memory impaired", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In experiment set up 1 : Memory deficit was found in Morris water maze test on 14 - 16 days after STZ ( ICV ; 3mg / Kg ) administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Memory deficit", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STZ causes increased expression of GFAP , CD11b and TNF - a indicating glial activation and neuroinflammation .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "neuroinflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STZ also significantly increased the level of ROS , nitrite , Ca ( 2 + ) and reduced the mitochondrial activity in synaptosomal preparation illustrating free radical generation and excitotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}, {"entity": "excitotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased expression and activity of Caspase - 3 was also observed in STZ treated rat which specify apoptotic cell death in hippocampus and cortex .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STZ treatment showed decrease expression of post synaptic markers CaMKIIa and PSD - 95 , while , expression of pre synaptic markers ( synaptophysin and SNAP - 25 ) remains unaltered indicating selective post synaptic neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [217, 230]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral treatment with Memantine ( 10mg / kg ) and Ibuprofen ( 50 mg / kg ) daily for 13 days attenuated STZ induced glial activation , apoptotic cell death and post synaptic neurotoxicity in rat brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Memantine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "Ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further , in experiment set up 2 : where memory function was not affected i . e . 7 - 9 days after STZ treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The level of GFAP , CD11b , TNF - a , ROS and nitrite levels were increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , apoptotic marker , synaptic markers , mitochondrial activity and Ca ( 2 + ) levels remained unaffected .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Collective data indicates that neuroinflammatory process and oxidative stress occurs earlier to apoptosis and does not affect memory function .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroinflammatory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Present study clearly suggests that glial activation and post synaptic neurotoxicity are the key factors in STZ induced memory impairment and neuronal cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of effects of isotonic sodium chloride with diltiazem in prevention of contrast - induced nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE : Contrast - induced nephropathy ( CIN ) significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the protective effects of isotonic sodium chloride with sodium bicarbonate infusion and isotonic sodium chloride infusion with diltiazem , a calcium channel blocker , in preventing CIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 126]}, {"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 164]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 188]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Our study included patients who were administered 30 - 60 mL of iodinated contrast agent for percutaneous coronary angiography ( PCAG ) , all with creatinine values between 1 . 1 and 3 . 1 mg / dL .", "entity": [{"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were divided into three groups and each group had 20 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first group of patients was administered isotonic sodium chloride ; the second group was administered a solution that of 5 % dextrose and sodium bicarbonate , while the third group was administered isotonic sodium chloride before and after the contrast injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 69]}, {"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 160]}, {"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [211, 226]}, {"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The third group received an additional injection of diltiazem the day before and first 2 days after the contrast injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All of the patients ' plasma blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine levels were measured on the second and seventh day after the administration of intravenous contrast material .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood urea nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 48]}, {"entity": "BUN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The basal creatinine levels were similar for all three groups ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among a total of 60 patients included in the study , 16 patients developed acute renal failure ( ARF ) on the second day after contrast material was injected ( 26 . 6 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "ARF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "contrast", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The number of patients who developed ARF on the second day after the injection in the first group was five ( 25 % ) , in the second group was six ( 30 % ) and the third group was five ( 25 % ) ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ARF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : There was no significant difference between isotonic sodium chloride , sodium bicarbonate and isotonic sodium chloride with diltiazem application in prevention of CIN .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "sodium bicarbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 102]}, {"entity": "sodium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 131]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurocognitive and neuroradiologic central nervous system late effects in children treated on Pediatric Oncology Group ( POG ) P9605 ( standard risk ) and P9201 ( lesser risk ) acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocols ( ACCL0131 ) : a methotrexate consequence ?", "entity": [{"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 205]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A report from the Children ' s Oncology Group .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concerns about long - term methotrexate ( MTX ) neurotoxicity in the 1990s led to modifications in intrathecal ( IT ) therapy , leucovorin rescue , and frequency of systemic MTX administration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 177]}, {"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , neurocognitive outcomes and neuroradiologic evidence of leukoencephalopathy were compared in children treated with intense central nervous system ( CNS ) - directed therapy ( P9605 ) versus those receiving fewer CNS - directed treatment days during intensive consolidation ( P9201 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 66 children from 16 Pediatric Oncology Group institutions with \" standard - risk \" acute lymphoblastic leukemia , 1 . 00 to 9 . 99 years at diagnosis , without evidence of CNS leukemia at diagnosis were enrolled on ACCL0131 : 28 from P9201 and 38 from P9605 .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 122]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic resonance imaging scans and standard neuropsychological tests were performed > 2 . 6 years after the end of treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significantly more P9605 patients developed leukoencephalopathy compared with P9201 patients ( 68 % , 95 % confidence interval 49 % - 83 % vs . 22 % , 95 % confidence interval 5 % - 44 % ; P = 0 . 001 ) identified as late as 7 . 7 years after the end of treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 40 % of patients scored < 85 on either Verbal or Performance IQ .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children on both studies had significant attention problems , but P9605 children scored below average on more neurocognitive measures than those treated on P9201 ( 82 % , 14 / 17 measures vs . 24 % , 4 / 17 measures ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "attention problems", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This supports ongoing concerns about intensive MTX exposure as a major contributor to CNS late effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "MTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tranexamic acid overdosage - induced generalized seizure in renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a 45 - year - old lady with chronic kidney disease stage 4 due to chronic tubulointerstial disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic kidney disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "tubulointerstial disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was admitted to our center for severe anemia due to menorrhagia and deterioration of renal function .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "menorrhagia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "deterioration of renal function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was infused three units of packed cells during a session of hemodialysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tranexamic acid ( TNA ) 1 g 8 - hourly was administered to her to control bleeding per vaginum .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "TNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two hours after the sixth dose of TNA , she had an episode of generalized tonic clonic convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "tonic clonic convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNA was discontinued .", "entity": [{"entity": "TNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigations of the patient revealed no biochemical or structural central nervous system abnormalities that could have provoked the convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "nervous system abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 104]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She did not require any further dialytic support .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had no further episodes of convulsion till dis - charge and during the two months of follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the precipitating cause of convulsions was believed to be an overdose of TNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "TNA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pre - treatment of bupivacaine - induced cardiovascular depression using different lipid formulations of propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Pre - treatment with lipid emulsions has been shown to increase lethal doses of bupivacaine , and the lipid content of propofol may alleviate bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 140]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of propofol in intralipid or medialipid emulsions on bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Rats were anaesthetised with ketamine and were given 0 . 5 mg / kg / min propofol in intralipid ( Group P ) , propofol in medialipid ( Group L ) , or saline ( Group C ) over 20 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thereafter , 2 mg / kg / min bupivacaine 0 . 5 % was infused .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recorded time to first dysrhythmia occurrence , respective times to 25 % and 50 % reduction of the heart rate ( HR ) and mean arterial pressure , and time to asystole and total amount of bupivacaine consumption .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "asystole", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 169]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood and tissue samples were collected following asystole .", "entity": [{"entity": "asystole", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The time to first dysrhythmia occurrence , time to 25 % and 50 % reductions in HR , and time to asystole were longer in Group P than the other groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "asystole", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cumulative bupivacaine dose given at those time points was higher in Group P . Plasma bupivacaine levels were significantly lower in Group P than in Group C . Bupivacaine levels in the brain and heart were significantly lower in Group P and Group L than in Group C .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "Bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : We conclude that pre - treatment with propofol in intralipid , compared with propofol in medialipid or saline , delayed the onset of bupivacaine - induced cardiotoxic effects as well as reduced plasma bupivacaine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies are needed to explore tissue bupivacaine levels of propofol in medialipid and adapt these results to clinical practice .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Drug - Induced Acute Liver Injury Within 12 Hours After Fluvastatin Therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drug - Induced Acute Liver Injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Fluvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although statins are generally well - tolerated drugs , recent cases of drug - induced liver injury associated with their use have been reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "statins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "drug - induced liver injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 52 - year - old Chinese man reported with liver damage , which appeared 12 hours after beginning treatment with fluvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "fluvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient presented with complaints of increasing nausea , anorexia , and upper abdominal pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "anorexia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "abdominal pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His laboratory values showed elevated creatine kinase and transaminases .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testing for autoantibodies was also negative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The liver biochemistries eventually normalized within 3 weeks of stopping the fluvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , when prescribing statins , the possibility of hepatic damage should be taken into account .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluconazole associated agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "agranulocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE : We describe a second case of fluconazole associated agranulocytosis with thrombocytopenia and recovery upon discontinuation of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "agranulocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient began to have changes in white blood cells and platelets within 48 h of administration of fluconazole and began to recover with 48 h of discontinuation .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case highlights that drug - induced blood dyscrasias can occur unexpectedly as a result of treatment with a commonly used drug thought to be \" safe \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood dyscrasias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : According to Naranjo ' s algorithm the likelihood that our patient ' s agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia occurred as a result of therapy with fluconazole is probable , with a total of six points .", "entity": [{"entity": "agranulocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We feel that the weight of the overall evidence of this evidence is strong .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular the temporal relationship of bone marrow suppression to the initiation of fluconazole and the abatement of symptoms that rapidly reversed immediately following discontinuation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow suppression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 66]}, {"entity": "fluconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two - dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography combined with high - sensitive cardiac troponin T in early detection and prediction of cardiotoxicity during epirubicine - based chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 153]}, {"entity": "epirubicine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : To investigate whether alterations of myocardial strain and high - sensitive cardiac troponin T ( cTnT ) could predict future cardiac dysfunction in patients after epirubicin exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial strain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Seventy - five patients with non - Hodgkin lymphoma treated with epirubicin were studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - Hodgkin lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 61]}, {"entity": "epirubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blood collection and echocardiography were performed at baseline , 1 day after the third cycle , and 1 day after completion of chemotherapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were studied using echocardiography during follow - up .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Global longitudinal ( GLS ) , circumferential ( GCS ) , and radial strain ( GRS ) were calculated using speckle tracking echocardiography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular ejection fraction was analysed by real - time 3D echocardiography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiotoxicity was defined as a reduction of the LVEF of > 5 % to < 55 % with symptoms of heart failure or an asymptomatic reduction of the LVEF of > 10 % to < 55 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Fourteen patients ( 18 . 67 % ) developed cardiotoxicity after treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GLS ( - 18 . 48 + 1 . 72 % vs . - 15 . 96 + 1 . 6 % ) , GCS ( - 20 . 93 + 2 . 86 % vs . - 19 . 20 + 3 . 21 % ) , and GRS ( 39 . 23 + 6 . 44 % vs . 34 . 98 + 6 . 2 % ) were markedly reduced and cTnT was elevated from 0 . 0010 + 0 . 0020 to 0 . 0073 + 0 . 0038 ng / mL ( P all < 0 . 01 ) at the completion of chemotherapy compared with baseline values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A > 15 . 9 % decrease in GLS [ sensitivity , 86 % ; specificity , 75 % ; area under the curve ( AUC ) = 0 . 815 ; P = 0 . 001 ] and a > 0 . 004 ng / mL elevation in cTnT ( sensitivity , 79 % ; specificity , 64 % ; AUC = 0 . 757 ; P = 0 . 005 ) from baseline to the third cycle of chemotherapy predicted later cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [309, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decrease in GLS remained the only independent predictor of cardiotoxicity ( P = 0 . 000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : GLS combined with cTnT may provide a reliable and non - invasive method to predict cardiac dysfunction in patients receiving anthracycline - based chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "anthracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention of etomidate - induced myoclonus : which is superior : Fentanyl , midazolam , or a combination ?", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "Fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 74]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Retrospective comparative study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : In this retrospective comparative study , we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fentanyl , midazolam , and a combination of fentanyl and midazolam to prevent etomidate - induced myoclonus .", "entity": [{"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHODS : This study was performed based on anesthesia records .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Depending on the drugs that would be given before the induction of anesthesia with etomidate , the patients were separated into 4 groups : no pretreatment ( Group NP ) , fentanyl 1 ug . kg - 1 ( Group F ) , midazolam 0 . 03 mg . kg - 1 ( Group M ) , and midazolam 0 . 015 mg . kg - 1 + fentanyl 0 . 5 ug . kg - 1 ( Group FM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 216]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [254, 263]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who received the same anesthetic procedure were selected : 2 minutes after intravenous injections of the pretreatment drugs , anesthesia is induced with 0 . 3 mg . kg - 1 etomidate injected intravenously over a period of 20 - 30 seconds .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myoclonic movements are evaluated , which were observed and graded according to clinical severity during the 2 minutes after etomidate injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myoclonic movements", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The severity of pain due to etomidate injection , mean arterial pressure , heart rate , and adverse effects were also evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Study results showed that myoclonus incidence was 85 % , 40 % , 70 % , and 25 % in Group NP , Group F , Group M , and Group FM , respectively , and were significantly lower in Group F and Group FM .", "entity": [{"entity": "myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that pretreatment with fentanyl or combination of fentanyl and midazolam was effective in preventing etomidate - induced myoclonus .", "entity": [{"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "midazolam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convulsant effect of lindane and regional brain concentration of GABA and dopamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 69]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lindane ( gamma - hexachlorocyclohexane ) is an organochlorine insecticide with known neurotoxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "gamma - hexachlorocyclohexane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 39]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its mechanism of action is not well understood although it has been proposed that lindane acts as a non - competitive antagonist at the gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) - A receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 161]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the effect of lindane ( 150 mg / kg ) on the GABAergic and dopaminergic systems by measuring the concentration of GABA , dopamine and its metabolites in 7 brain areas at the onset of seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 60]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All animals suffered tonic convulsions at 18 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 min after lindane administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "lindane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of GABA was only slightly but significantly decreased in the colliculi without modifications in the other areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concentration of dopamine was increased in the mesencephalon and that of its metabolite DOPAC was also increased in the mesencephalon and the striatum .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "DOPAC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholestatic presentation of yellow phosphorus poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholestatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Yellow phosphorus , a component of certain pesticide pastes and fireworks , is well known to cause hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Poisoning with yellow phosphorus classically manifests with acute hepatitis leading to acute liver failure which may need liver transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "acute hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 75]}, {"entity": "acute liver failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a case of yellow phosphorus poisoning in which a patient presented with florid clinical features of cholestasis highlighting the fact that cholestasis can rarely be a presenting feature of yellow phosphorus hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "cholestasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "cholestasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "phosphorus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}, {"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [218, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasovagal syncope and severe bradycardia following intranasal dexmedetomidine for pediatric procedural sedation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasovagal syncope", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report syncope and bradycardia in an 11 - year - old girl following administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation for a voiding cystourethrogram .", "entity": [{"entity": "syncope", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following successful completion of VCUG and a 60 - min recovery period , the patient ' s level of consciousness and vital signs returned to presedation levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Upon leaving the sedation area , the patient collapsed , with no apparent inciting event .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient quickly regained consciousness and no injury occurred .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary abnormality found was persistent bradycardia , and she was admitted to the hospital for telemetric observation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The bradycardia lasted ~ 2 h , and further cardiac workup revealed no underlying abnormality .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unanticipated and previously unreported outcomes may be witnessed as we expand the use of certain sedatives to alternative routes of administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paradoxical severe agitation induced by add - on high - doses quetiapine in schizo - affective disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "agitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "schizo - affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the case of a 35 - year - old patient suffering from schizo - affective disorder since the age of 19 years , treated by a combination of first - generation antipsychotics , zuclopenthixol ( 100 mg / day ) and lithium ( 1200 mg / day ) ( serum lithium = 0 . 85 mEq / l ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "schizo - affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 90]}, {"entity": "zuclopenthixol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 197]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [219, 226]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This patient had no associated personality disorder ( particularly no antisocial disorder ) and no substance abuse disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "personality disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "antisocial disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "substance abuse disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Within the 48 h following the gradual introduction of quetiapine ( up to 600 mg / day ) , the patient presented severe agitation without an environmental explanation , contrasting with the absence of a history of aggressiveness or personality disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "agitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 128]}, {"entity": "aggressiveness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 227]}, {"entity": "personality disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnoses of manic shift and akathisia were dismissed .", "entity": [{"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "akathisia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The withdrawal and the gradual reintroduction of quetiapine 2 weeks later , which led to another severe agitation , enabled us to attribute the agitation specifically to quetiapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "agitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 113]}, {"entity": "agitation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 153]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antioxidant effects of bovine lactoferrin on dexamethasone - induced hypertension in rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone - ( Dex - ) induced hypertension is associated with enhanced oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lactoferrin ( LF ) is an iron - binding glycoprotein with antihypertensive properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effect of chronic administration of LF on oxidative stress and hypertension upon Dex administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 111]}, {"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar rats were treated by Dex ( 30 u g / kg / day subcutaneously ) or saline for 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral bovine LF ( 30 , 100 , 300 mg / kg ) was given from day 8 to 14 in a reversal study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a prevention study , rats received 4 days of LF treatment followed by Dex and continued during the test period .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was measured using tail - cuff method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thymus weight was used as a marker of glucocorticoid activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP ) value were determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen peroxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone significantly increased SBP and plasma H2O2 level and decreased thymus and body weights .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LF lowered ( P < 0 . 01 ) and dose dependently prevented ( P < 0 . 001 ) Dex - induced hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "LF prevented body weight loss and significantly reduced the elevated plasma H2O2 and increased FRAP values .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "H2O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic administration of LF strongly reduced the blood pressure and production of ROS and improved antioxidant capacity in Dex - induced hypertension , suggesting the role of inhibition of oxidative stress as another mechanism of antihypertensive action of LF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dex", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association between tranexamic acid and convulsive seizures after cardiac surgery : a multivariate analysis in 11 529 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of a lack of contemporary data regarding seizures after cardiac surgery , we undertook a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 11 529 patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass was used from January 2004 to December 2010 .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A convulsive seizure was defined as a transient episode of disturbed brain function characterised by abnormal involuntary motor movements .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "abnormal involuntary motor movements", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of postoperative seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 100 ( 0 . 9 % ) patients developed postoperative convulsive seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Generalised and focal seizures were identified in 68 and 32 patients , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Generalised and focal seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The median ( IQR [ range ] ) time after surgery when the seizure occurred was 7 ( 6 - 12 [ 1 - 216 ] ) h and 8 ( 6 - 11 [ 4 - 18 ] ) h , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epileptiform findings on electroencephalography were seen in 19 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Independent predictors of postoperative seizures included age , female sex , redo cardiac surgery , calcification of ascending aorta , congestive heart failure , deep hypothermic circulatory arrest , duration of aortic cross - clamp and tranexamic acid .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "congestive heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 159]}, {"entity": "hypothermic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [237, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When tested in a multivariate regression analysis , tranexamic acid was a strong independent predictor of seizures ( OR 14 . 3 , 95 % CI 5 . 5 - 36 . 7 ; p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with convulsive seizures had 2 . 5 times higher in - hospital mortality rates and twice the length of hospital stay compared with patients without convulsive seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean ( IQR [ range ] ) length of stay in the intensive care unit was 115 ( 49 - 228 [ 32 - 481 ] ) h in patients with convulsive seizures compared with 26 ( 22 - 69 [ 14 - 1080 ] ) h in patients without seizures ( p < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convulsive seizures are a serious postoperative complication after cardiac surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "Convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "postoperative complication", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As tranexamic acid is the only modifiable factor , its administration , particularly in doses exceeding 80 mg . kg ( - 1 ) , should be weighed against the risk of postoperative seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysfunctional overnight memory consolidation in ecstasy users .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dysfunctional overnight memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sleep plays an important role in the consolidation and integration of memory in a process called overnight memory consolidation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies indicate that ecstasy users have marked and persistent neurocognitive and sleep - related impairments .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "sleep - related impairments", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We extend past research by examining overnight memory consolidation among regular ecstasy users ( n = 12 ) and drug naive healthy controls ( n = 26 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Memory recall of word pairs was evaluated before and after a period of sleep , with and without interference prior to testing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we assessed neurocognitive performances across tasks of learning , memory and executive functioning .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ecstasy users demonstrated impaired overnight memory consolidation , a finding that was more pronounced following associative interference .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "impaired overnight memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , ecstasy users demonstrated impairments on tasks recruiting frontostriatal and hippocampal neural circuitry , in the domains of proactive interference memory , long - term memory , encoding , working memory and complex planning .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that ecstasy - associated dysfunction in fronto - temporal circuitry may underlie overnight consolidation memory impairments in regular ecstasy users .", "entity": [{"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "memory impairments", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 135]}, {"entity": "ecstasy", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normoammonemic encephalopathy : solely valproate induced or multiple mechanisms ?", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 77 - year - old woman presented with subacute onset progressive confusion , aggression , auditory hallucinations and delusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "aggression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "auditory hallucinations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 114]}, {"entity": "delusions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the preceding months , the patient had a number of admissions with transient unilateral hemiparesis with facial droop , and had been started on valproate for presumed hemiplegic migraine .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemiparesis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "hemiplegic migraine", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valproate was withdrawn soon after admission and her cognitive abilities have gradually improved over 3 months of follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valproate levels taken prior to withdrawal were subtherapeutic and the patient was normoammonaemic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EEG undertaken during inpatient stay showed changes consistent with encephalopathy , and low titre N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antibodies were present in this patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 125]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible aetiologies of valproate - induced encephalopathy and NMDA receptor - associated encephalitis present a diagnostic dilemma .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 62]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "encephalitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a putative combinatorial hypothesis to explain this patient ' s symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cerebellar and oculomotor dysfunction induced by rapid infusion of pethidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cerebellar and oculomotor dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "pethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pethidine is an opioid that gains its popularity for the effective pain control through acting on the opioid - receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , rapid pain relief sometimes brings about unfavourable side effects that largely limit its clinical utility .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Common side effects include nausea , vomiting and hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with impaired renal and liver function , and those who need long - term pain control , pethidine may cause excitatory central nervous system ( CNS ) effects through its neurotoxic metabolite , norpethidine , resulting in irritability and seizure attack .", "entity": [{"entity": "impaired renal and liver function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 50]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "pethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 191]}, {"entity": "norpethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 217]}, {"entity": "irritability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [233, 245]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [250, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the contrary , though not clinically apparent , pethidine potentially causes inhibitory impacts on the CNS and impairs normal cerebellar and oculomotor function in the short term .", "entity": [{"entity": "pethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this case report , we highlight opioid ' s inhibitory side effects on the cerebellar structure that causes dysmetria , dysarthria , reduced smooth pursuit gain and decreased saccadic velocity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysmetria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "dysarthria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baboon syndrome induced by ketoconazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baboon syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 27 - year - old male patient presented with a maculopapular eruption on the flexural areas and buttocks after using oral ketoconazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "maculopapular eruption", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 70]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient was diagnosed with drug - induced baboon syndrome based on his history , which included prior sensitivity to topical ketoconazole , a physical examination , and histopathological findings .", "entity": [{"entity": "baboon syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Baboon syndrome is a drug - or contact allergen - related maculopapular eruption that typically involves the flexural and gluteal areas .", "entity": [{"entity": "Baboon syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "maculopapular eruption", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , this is the first reported case of ketoconazole - induced baboon syndrome in the English literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketoconazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "baboon syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Case of Sudden Cardiac Death due to Pilsicainide - Induced Torsades de Pointes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sudden Cardiac Death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "Pilsicainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Torsades de Pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An 84 - year - old male received oral pilsicainide , a pure sodium channel blocker with slow recovery kinetics , to convert his paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to a sinus rhythm ; the patient developed sudden cardiac death two days later .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilsicainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 158]}, {"entity": "sudden cardiac death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Holter electrocardiogram , which was worn by chance , revealed torsade de pointes with gradually prolonged QT intervals .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsade de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract , and most of it is excreted from the kidney .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the patient ' s renal function was not highly impaired and the dose of pilsicainide was low , the plasma concentration of pilsicainide may have been high , which can produce torsades de pointes in the octogenarian .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilsicainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "pilsicainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the oral administration of class IC drugs , including pilsicainide , is effective to terminate atrial fibrillation , careful consideration must be taken before giving these drugs to octogenarians .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilsicainide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All - trans retinoic acid - induced inflammatory myositis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "All - trans retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "myositis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All - trans retinoic acid ( ATRA ) , a component of standard therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) , is associated with potentially serious but treatable adverse effects involving numerous organ systems , including rare skeletal muscle involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "All - trans retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 101]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only a handful of cases of ATRA - induced myositis in children have been reported , and none in the radiology literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "myositis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present such a case in a 15 - year - old boy with APL , where recognition of imaging findings played a crucial role in making the diagnosis and facilitated prompt , effective treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tolerability of lomustine in combination with cyclophosphamide in dogs with lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lomustine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This retrospective study describes toxicity associated with a protocol of lomustine ( CCNU ) and cyclophosphamide ( CTX ) in dogs with lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "lomustine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "CCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 113]}, {"entity": "CTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCNU was administered per os ( PO ) at a targeted dosage of 60 mg / m ( 2 ) body surface area on day 0 , CTX was administered PO at a targeted dosage of 250 mg / m ( 2 ) divided over days 0 through 4 , and all dogs received prophylactic antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ninety treatments were given to the 57 dogs included in the study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neutropenia was the principal toxic effect , and the overall frequency of grade 4 neutropenia after the first treatment of CCNU / CTX was 30 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 19 - 43 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "CCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "CTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean body weight of dogs with grade 4 neutropenia ( 19 . 7 kg + 13 . 4 kg ) was significantly less than the mean body weight of dogs that did not develop grade 4 neutropenia ( 31 . 7 kg + 12 . 4 kg ; P = . 005 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One dog ( 3 % ) developed hematologic changes suggestive of hepatotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No dogs had evidence of either renal toxicity or hemorrhagic cystitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse gastrointestinal effects were uncommon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the findings reported herein , a dose of 60 mg / m ( 2 ) of CCNU combined with 250 mg / m ( 2 ) of CTX ( divided over 5 days ) q 4 wk is tolerable in tumor - bearing dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCNU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 80]}, {"entity": "CTX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nelarabine neurotoxicity with concurrent intrathecal chemotherapy : Case report and review of literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe nelarabine neurotoxicity in a patient who received concurrent intrathecal ( IT ) chemotherapy is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 37 - year - old Caucasian woman with a history of T - cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was admitted for relapsed disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - cell lymphoblastic lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was originally treated with induction chemotherapy followed by an autologous transplant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She developed relapsed disease 10 months later with leukemic involvement .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was re - induced with nelarabine 1500 mg / m ( 2 ) on days 1 , 3 , and 5 with 1 dose of IT cytarabine 100 mg on day 2 as central nervous system ( CNS ) prophylaxis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "cytarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the time of treatment , she was on continuous renal replacement therapy due to sequelae of tumor lysis syndrome ( TLS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor lysis syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 114]}, {"entity": "TLS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She tolerated therapy well , entered a complete remission , and recovered her renal function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She received a second cycle of nelarabine without additional IT prophylaxis one month later .", "entity": [{"entity": "nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A week after this second cycle , she noted numbness in her lower extremities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predominantly sensory , though also motor and autonomic , peripheral neuropathy started in her feet , ascended proximally to the mid - thoracic region , and eventually included her distal upper extremities .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) of her spine demonstrated changes from C2 to C6 consistent with subacute combined degeneration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nelarabine was felt to be the cause of her symptoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her neuropathy stabilized and showed slight improvement and ultimately received an unrelated , reduced - intensity allogeneic transplant while in complete remission , but relapsed disease 10 weeks later .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She is currently being treated with best supportive care .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first published case report of severe neurotoxicity caused by nelarabine in a patient who received concurrent IT chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "nelarabine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valproate - induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a renal transplanted patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neurological complications after renal transplantation constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurological complications", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their differential diagnosis is difficult and essential for subsequent patient ' s management .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Valproate - induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious effect of valproate treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the case of a 15 - year - old girl who was on a long - term therapy with valproate due to epilepsy and revealed impaired consciousness with hyperammonemia 12 days after renal transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "impaired consciousness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 153]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After withdraw of valproate , patients ' symptoms resolved within 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinicians should increase their awareness for potential complication of valproate , especially in transplanted patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Necrotising fasciitis after bortezomib and dexamethasone - containing regimen in an elderly patient of Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Necrotising fasciitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bortezomib and high - dose dexamethasone - containing regimens are considered to be generally tolerable with few severe bacterial infections in patients with B - cell malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 140]}, {"entity": "malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , information is limited concerning the safety of the regimen in elderly patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of a 76 - year - old man with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia who suffered necrotising fasciitis without neutropenia after the combination treatment with bortezomib , high - dose dexamethasone and rituximab .", "entity": [{"entity": "Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 77]}, {"entity": "necrotising fasciitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 112]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 132]}, {"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite immediate intravenous antimicrobial therapy , he succumbed 23 h after the onset .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Physicians should recognise the possibility of fatal bacterial infections related to bortezomib plus high - dose dexamethasone in elderly patients , and we believe this case warrants further investigation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 73]}, {"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An integrated characterization of serological , pathological , and functional events in doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Many efficacious cancer treatments cause significant cardiac morbidity , yet biomarkers or functional indices of early damage , which would allow monitoring and intervention , are lacking .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we have utilized a rat model of progressive doxorubicin ( DOX ) - induced cardiomyopathy , applying multiple approaches , including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , to provide the most comprehensive characterization to date of the timecourse of serological , pathological , and functional events underlying this toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 104]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [340, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hannover Wistar rats were dosed with 1 . 25 mg / kg DOX weekly for 8 weeks followed by a 4 week off - dosing \" recovery \" period .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopy of the myocardium revealed subcellular degeneration and marked mitochondrial changes after a single dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "subcellular degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histopathological analysis revealed progressive cardiomyocyte degeneration , hypertrophy / cytomegaly , and extensive vacuolation after two doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiomyocyte degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 74]}, {"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Extensive replacement fibrosis ( quantified by Sirius red staining ) developed during the off - dosing period .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Functional indices assessed by cardiac MRI ( including left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) , cardiac output , and E / A ratio ) declined progressively , reaching statistical significance after two doses and culminating in \" clinical \" LV dysfunction by 12 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "LV dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant increases in peak myocardial contrast enhancement and serological cardiac troponin I ( cTnI ) emerged after eight doses , importantly preceding the LVEF decline to < 50 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Troponin I levels positively correlated with delayed and peak gadolinium contrast enhancement , histopathological grading , and diastolic dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "gadolinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "diastolic dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , subcellular cardiomyocyte degeneration was the earliest marker , followed by progressive functional decline and histopathological manifestations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiomyocyte degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial contrast enhancement and elevations in cTnI occurred later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , all indices predated \" clinical \" LV dysfunction and thus warrant further evaluation as predictive biomarkers .", "entity": [{"entity": "LV dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intradermal glutamate and capsaicin injections : intra - and interindividual variability of provoked hyperalgesia and allodynia .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 113]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intradermal injections of glutamate and capsaicin are attractive to use in human experimental pain models because hyperalgesia and allodynia mimic isolated aspects of clinical pain disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "pain disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproducibility of these models .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty healthy male volunteers ( mean age 24 years ; range 18 - 38 years ) received intradermal injections of glutamate and capsaicin in the volar forearm .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnitudes of secondary pinprick hyperalgesia and brush - evoked allodynia were investigated using von Frey filaments ( gauges 10 , 15 , 60 and 100 g ) and brush strokes .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Areas of secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia were quantified immediately after injection and after 15 , 30 and 60 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two identical experiments separated by at least 7 days were performed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reproducibility across and within volunteers ( inter - and intra - individual variation , respectively ) was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) and coefficient of variation ( CV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondary pinprick hyperalgesia was observed as a marked increase in the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) response to von Frey gauges 60 and 100 g ( P < 0 . 001 ) after glutamate injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For capsaicin , secondary pinprick hyperalgesia was detected with all von Frey gauges ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glutamate evoked reproducible VAS response to all von Frey gauges ( ICC > 0 . 60 ) and brush strokes ( ICC > 0 . 83 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Capsaicin injection was reproducible for secondary hyperalgesia ( ICC > 0 . 70 ) and allodynia ( ICC > 0 . 71 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "secondary hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intra - individual variability was generally lower for the VAS response to von Frey and brush compared with areas of secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia .", "entity": [{"entity": "secondary hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 139]}, {"entity": "allodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , glutamate and capsaicin yield reproducible hyperalgesic and allodynic responses , and the present model is well suited for basic research , as well as for assessing the modulation of central phenomena .", "entity": [{"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "capsaicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "allodynic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ocular - specific ER stress reduction rescues glaucoma in murine glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 54]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of glucocorticoids induces ocular hypertension in some patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If untreated , these patients can develop a secondary glaucoma that resembles primary open - angle glaucoma ( POAG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "primary open - angle glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 107]}, {"entity": "POAG", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The underlying pathology of glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma is not fully understood , due in part to lack of an appropriate animal model .", "entity": [{"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we developed a murine model of glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma that exhibits glaucoma features that are observed in patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of WT mice with topical ocular 0 . 1 % dexamethasone led to elevation of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , functional and structural loss of retinal ganglion cells , and axonal degeneration , resembling glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma in human patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "retinal ganglion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 164]}, {"entity": "axonal degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 196]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension was associated with chronic ER stress of the trabecular meshwork ( TM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to patients , withdrawal of dexamethasone treatment reduced elevated IOP and ER stress in this animal model .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dexamethasone induced the transcriptional factor CHOP , a marker for chronic ER stress , in the anterior segment tissues , and Chop deletion reduced ER stress in these tissues and prevented dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 203]}, {"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [214, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , reduction of ER stress in the TM with sodium 4 - phenylbutyrate prevented dexamethasone - induced ocular hypertension in WT mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium 4 - phenylbutyrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 77]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that ER stress contributes to glucocorticoid - induced ocular hypertension and suggest that reducing ER stress has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating glucocorticoid - induced glaucoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 92]}, {"entity": "glaucoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of ginsenosides on opioid - induced hyperalgesia in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Opioid - induced hyperalgesia ( OIH ) is characterized by nociceptive sensitization caused by the cessation of chronic opioid use .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperalgesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OIH can limit the clinical use of opioid analgesics and complicate withdrawal from opioid addiction .", "entity": [{"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "opioid addiction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we investigated the effects of Re , Rg1 , and Rb1 ginsenosides , the bioactive components of ginseng , on OIH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Re , Rg1 , and Rb1 ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 78]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OIH was achieved in mice after subcutaneous administration of morphine for 7 consecutive days three times per day .", "entity": [{"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During withdrawal ( days 8 and 9 ) , these mice were administered Re , Rg1 , or Rb1 intragastrically two times per day .", "entity": [{"entity": "Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 68]}, {"entity": "Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "Rb1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the test day ( day 10 ) , mice were subjected to the thermal sensitivity test and the acetic acid - induced writhing test .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Re ( 300 mg / kg ) inhibited OIH in both the thermal sensitivity test and the acetic acid - induced writhing test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the Rg1 and Rb1 ginsenosides failed to prevent OIH in either test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rg1 and Rb1 ginsenosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 38]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , Rg1 showed a tendency to aggravate OIH in the acetic acid - induced writhing test .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "acetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggested that the ginsenoside Re , but not Rg1 or Rb1 , may contribute toward reversal of OIH .", "entity": [{"entity": "ginsenoside Re", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "Rg1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "Rb1", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "OIH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A comparison of severe hemodynamic disturbances between dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in neurocritical care patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Dexmedetomidine and propofol are commonly used sedatives in neurocritical care as they allow for frequent neurologic examinations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , both agents are associated with significant hemodynamic side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of severe hemodynamic effects in neurocritical care patients receiving dexmedetomidine and propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Multicenter , retrospective , propensity - matched cohort study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : Neurocritical care units at two academic medical centers with dedicated neurocritical care teams and board - certified neurointensivists .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS : Neurocritical care patients admitted between July 2009 and September 2012 were evaluated and then matched 1 : 1 based on propensity scoring of baseline characteristics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTIONS : Continuous sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS : A total of 342 patients ( 105 dexmedetomidine and 237 propofol ) were included in the analysis , with 190 matched ( 95 in each group ) by propensity score .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary outcome of this study was a composite of severe hypotension ( mean arterial pressure < 60 mm Hg ) and bradycardia ( heart rate < 50 beats / min ) during sedative infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No difference in the primary composite outcome in both the unmatched ( 30 % vs 30 % , p = 0 . 94 ) or matched cohorts ( 28 % vs 34 % , p = 0 . 35 ) could be found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When analyzed separately , no differences could be found in the prevalence of severe hypotension or bradycardia in either the unmatched or matched cohorts .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Severe hypotension and bradycardia occur at similar prevalence in neurocritical care patients who receive dexmedetomidine or propofol .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "dexmedetomidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 135]}, {"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Providers should similarly consider the likelihood of hypotension or bradycardia before starting either sedative .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity in rats with breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 73]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress is involved in several processes including cancer , aging and cardiovascular disease , and has been shown to potentiate the therapeutic effect of drugs such as doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 101]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin causes significant cardiotoxicity characterized by marked increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "mitochondrial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Herein , we investigate whether doxorubicin - associated chronic cardiac toxicity can be ameliorated with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol in rats with breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "cardiac toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 81]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 136]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - six rats bearing breast tumors induced chemically were divided into 4 groups : control , hydroxytyrosol ( 0 . 5mg / kg , 5days / week ) , doxorubicin ( 1mg / kg / week ) , and doxorubicin plus hydroxytyrosol .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 158]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac disturbances at the cellular and mitochondrial level , mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I - IV and apoptosis - inducing factor , and oxidative stress markers have been analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiac disturbances", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hydroxytyrosol improved the cardiac disturbances enhanced by doxorubicin by significantly reducing the percentage of altered mitochondria and oxidative damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "cardiac disturbances", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that hydroxytyrosol improve the mitochondrial electron transport chain .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study demonstrates that hydroxytyrosol protect rat heart damage provoked by doxorubicin decreasing oxidative damage and mitochondrial alterations .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxytyrosol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "heart damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "myxoedema coma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 62 - year - old man was found to have bradycardia , hypothermia and respiratory failure 3 weeks after initiation of amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "respiratory failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 89]}, {"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 128]}, {"entity": "atrial fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thyroid - stimulating hormone was found to be 168 uIU / mL ( nl . 0 . 3 - 5 uIU / mL ) and free thyroxine ( FT4 ) was < 0 . 2 ng / dL ( nl . 0 . 8 - 1 . 8 ng / dL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received intravenous fluids , vasopressor therapy and stress dose steroids ; he was intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He received 500 ug of intravenous levothyroxine in the first 18 h of therapy , and 150 ug intravenous daily thereafter .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haemodynamic improvement , along with complete recovery of mental status , occurred after 48 h .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve hours after the initiation of therapy , FT4 was 0 . 96 ng / dL .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient was maintained on levothyroxine 175 ( g POorally daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "levothyroxine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A thyroid ultrasound showed diffuse heterogeneity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 24 hour excretion of iodine was 3657 ( mcg ( 25 - 756 ( mcg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "iodine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only two cases of amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma in the literature report patient death despite supportive therapy and thyroid hormone replacement .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "myxoedema coma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case represents the most thoroughly investigated case of amiodarone - induced myxoedema coma with a history significant for subclinical thyroid disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "myxoedema coma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "thyroid disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of argatroban and catheter - directed thrombolysis with alteplase in an oncology patient with heparin - induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "thrombolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : The case of an oncology patient who developed heparin - induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis ( HITT ) and was treated with argatroban plus catheter - directed thrombolysis ( CDT ) with alteplase is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "HITT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 113]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 147]}, {"entity": "thrombolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SUMMARY : A 63 - year - old Caucasian man with renal amyloidosis undergoing peripheral blood stem cell collection for an autologous stem cell transplant developed extensive bilateral upper - extremity deep venous thrombosis ( DVT ) and pulmonary embolism secondary to heparin - induced thrombocytopenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "upper - extremity deep venous thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 223]}, {"entity": "DVT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [226, 229]}, {"entity": "pulmonary embolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [236, 254]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 275]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [286, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A continuous i . v . infusion of argatroban was initiated , and the patient was managed on the general medical floor .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After one week of therapy , he was transferred to the intensive care unit with cardiopulmonary compromise related to superior vena cava ( SVC ) syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "superior vena cava ( SVC ) syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and CDT with alteplase were attempted , but the procedure was aborted due to epistaxis .", "entity": [{"entity": "epistaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The epistaxis resolved the next day , and the patient was restarted on argatroban .", "entity": [{"entity": "epistaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was performed six days later and resulted in partial revascularization of the SVC and central veins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postthrombectomy continuous CDT with alteplase was commenced while argatroban was withheld , and complete patency of the SVC and central veins was achieved after three days of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alteplase was discontinued , and the patient was reinitiated on argatroban ; ultimately , he was transitioned to warfarin for long - term anticoagulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the patient recovered , he experienced permanent vision and hearing loss , as well as end - stage renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "vision and hearing loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 81]}, {"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A 63 - year - old man with renal amyloidosis and SVC syndrome secondary to HITT was successfully treated with argatroban and CDT with alteplase .", "entity": [{"entity": "amyloidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "SVC syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "HITT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 92]}, {"entity": "argatroban", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone in amphetamine - induced schizophrenia models in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "dehydroepiandrosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 33]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To examine the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) on animal models of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "dehydroepiandrosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 60]}, {"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 67]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Seventy Swiss albino female mice ( 25 - 35 g ) were divided into 4 groups : amphetamine - free ( control ) , amphetamine , 50 , and 100 mg / kg DHEA .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DHEA was administered intraperitoneally ( ip ) for 5 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amphetamine ( 3 mg / kg ip ) induced hyper locomotion , apomorphine ( 1 . 5 mg / kg subcutaneously [ sc ] ) induced climbing , and haloperidol ( 1 . 5 mg / kg sc ) induced catalepsy tests were used as animal models of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hyper", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [218, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was conducted at the Animal Experiment Laboratories , Department of Pharmacology , Medical School , Eskisehir Osmangazi University , Eskisehir , Turkey between March and May 2012 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal - Wallis test for hyper locomotion , and one - way ANOVA for climbing and catalepsy tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyper", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In the amphetamine - induced locomotion test , there were significant increases in all movements compared with the amphetamine - free group .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both DHEA 50 mg / kg ( p < 0 . 05 ) , and 100 mg / kg ( p < 0 . 01 ) significantly decreased all movements compared with the amphetamine - induced locomotion group .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a significant difference between groups in the haloperidol - induced catalepsy test ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no significant difference between groups in terms of total climbing time in the apomorphine - induced climbing test ( p > 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : We observed that DHEA reduced locomotor activity and increased catalepsy at both doses , while it had no effect on climbing behavior .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We suggest that DHEA displays typical neuroleptic - like effects , and may be used in the treatment of schizophrenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHEA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "schizophrenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell - derived cardiomyocytes in assessment of drug potential for QT prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Field potential duration ( FPD ) in human - induced pluripotent stem cell - derived cardiomyocytes ( hiPS - CMs ) , which can express QT interval in an electrocardiogram , is reported to be a useful tool to predict K ( + ) channel and Ca ( 2 + ) channel blocker effects on QT interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 216]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is no report showing that this technique can be used to predict multichannel blocker potential for QT prolongation .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study is to show that FPD from MEA ( Multielectrode array ) of hiPS - CMs can detect QT prolongation induced by multichannel blockers .", "entity": [{"entity": "QT prolongation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hiPS - CMs were seeded onto MEA and FPD was measured for 2min every 10min for 30min after drug exposure for the vehicle and each drug concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "IKr and IKs blockers concentration - dependently prolonged corrected FPD ( FPDc ) , whereas Ca ( 2 + ) channel blockers concentration - dependently shortened FPDc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also , the multichannel blockers Amiodarone , Paroxetine , Terfenadine and Citalopram prolonged FPDc in a concentration dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amiodarone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "Paroxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "Terfenadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "Citalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , the IKr blockers , Terfenadine and Citalopram , which are reported to cause Torsade de Pointes ( TdP ) in clinical practice , produced early afterdepolarization ( EAD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Terfenadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Citalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "Torsade de Pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 104]}, {"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hiPS - CMs using MEA system and FPDc can predict the effects of drug candidates on QT interval .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also shows that this assay can help detect EAD for drugs with TdP potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "TdP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dermal developmental toxicity of N - phenylimide herbicides in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : S - 53482 and S - 23121 are N - phenylimide herbicides and produced embryolethality , teratogenicity ( mainly ventricular septal defects and wavy ribs ) , and growth retardation in rats in conventional oral developmental toxicity studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 53482", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "S - 23121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "embryolethality", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 96]}, {"entity": "teratogenicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "ventricular septal defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 149]}, {"entity": "growth retardation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 190]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our objective in this study was to investigate whether the compounds induce developmental toxicity via the dermal route , which is more relevant to occupational exposure , hence better addressing human health risks .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : S - 53482 was administered dermally to rats at 30 , 100 , and 300 mg / kg during organogenesis , and S - 23121 was administered at 200 , 400 , and 800 mg / kg ( the maximum applicable dose level ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 53482", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "S - 23121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetuses were obtained by a Cesarean section and examined for external , visceral , and skeletal alterations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Dermal exposure of rats to S - 53482 at 300 mg / kg produced patterns of developmental toxicity similar to those resulting from oral exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 53482", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicity included embryolethality , teratogenicity , and growth retardation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "embryolethality", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "teratogenicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "growth retardation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dermal administration of S - 23121 at 800 mg / kg resulted in an increased incidence of embryonic death and ventricular septal defect , but retarded fetal growth was not observed as it was following oral exposure to S - 23121 .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 23121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "embryonic death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "ventricular septal defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 133]}, {"entity": "S - 23121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results , S - 53482 and S - 23121 were teratogenic when administered dermally to pregnant rats as were the compounds administered orally .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 53482", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "S - 23121", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "teratogenic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , investigation of the mechanism and its human relevancy become more important .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rates of Renal Toxicity in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin With and Without Mannitol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renal Toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}, {"entity": "Mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the major complications of cisplatin use is dose - limiting nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are many strategies to prevent this toxicity , including the use of mannitol as a nephroprotectant in combination with hydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : We aimed to evaluate the rates of cisplatin - induced nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving single - agent cisplatin with and without mannitol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 80]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This single - center retrospective analysis was a quasi experiment created by the national mannitol shortage .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data were collected on adult cancer patients receiving single - agent cisplatin as an outpatient from January 2011 to September 2012 .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The primary outcome was acute kidney injury ( AKI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We evaluated 143 patients who received single - agent cisplatin ; 97 . 2 % of patients had head and neck cancer as their primary malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "head and neck cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 121]}, {"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who did not receive mannitol were more likely to develop nephrotoxicity : odds ratio [ OR ] = 2 . 646 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 008 , 6 . 944 ; P = 0 . 048 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who received the 100 mg / m ( 2 ) dosing and patients who had a history of hypertension also had a higher likelihood of developing nephrotoxicity : OR = 11 . 494 ( 95 % CI = 4 . 149 , 32 . 258 ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and OR = 3 . 219 ( 95 % CI = 1 . 228 , 8 . 439 ; P = 0 . 017 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : When limited quantities of mannitol are available , it should preferentially be given to patients at particularly high risk of nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our analysis suggests that those patients receiving the dosing schedule of 100 mg / m ( 2 ) cisplatin every 3 weeks and those with hypertension are at the greatest risk of nephrotoxicity and would benefit from the addition of mannitol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 143]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 186]}, {"entity": "mannitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin protects against seizures , learning and memory impairments and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazole - induced kindling in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "learning and memory impairments", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 69]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cognitive impairment , the most common and severe comorbidity of epilepsy , greatly diminishes the quality of life .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , current therapeutic interventions for epilepsy can also cause untoward cognitive effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , there is an urgent need for new kinds of agents targeting both seizures and cognition deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "cognition deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in epileptogenesis and cognitive deficits , and antioxidants have a putative antiepileptic potential .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin , the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic oral drug , has antioxidant properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of metformin on seizures , cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress markers observed in pentylenetetrazole - induced kindling animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male C57BL / 6 mice were administered with subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole ( 37 mg / kg , i . p . ) every other day for 14 injections .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metformin was injected intraperitoneally in dose of 200mg / kg along with alternate - day PTZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "PTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that metformin suppressed the progression of kindling , ameliorated the cognitive impairment and decreased brain oxidative stress .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus the present study concluded that metformin may be a potential agent for the treatment of epilepsy as well as a protective medicine against cognitive impairment induced by seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 102]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 164]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "P53 inhibition exacerbates late - stage anthracycline cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "anthracycline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIMS : Doxorubicin ( DOX ) is an effective anti - cancer therapeutic , but is associated with both acute and late - stage cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Children are particularly sensitive to DOX - induced heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , the impact of p53 inhibition on acute vs . late - stage DOX cardiotoxicity was examined in a juvenile model .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : Two - week - old MHC - CB7 mice ( which express dominant - interfering p53 in cardiomyocytes ) and their non - transgenic ( NON - TXG ) littermates received weekly DOX injections for 5 weeks ( 25 mg / kg cumulative dose ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One week after the last DOX treatment ( acute stage ) , MHC - CB7 mice exhibited improved cardiac function and lower levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis when compared with the NON - TXG mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , by 13 weeks following the last DOX treatment ( late stage ) , MHC - CB7 exhibited a progressive decrease in cardiac function and higher rates of cardiomyocyte apoptosis when compared with NON - TXG mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "p53 inhibition blocked transient DOX - induced STAT3 activation in MHC - CB7 mice , which was associated with enhanced induction of the DNA repair proteins Ku70 and Ku80 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice with cardiomyocyte - restricted deletion of STAT3 exhibited worse cardiac function , higher levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis , and a greater induction of Ku70 and Ku80 in response to DOX treatment during the acute stage when compared with control animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : These data support a model wherein a p53 - dependent cardioprotective pathway , mediated via STAT3 activation , mitigates DOX - induced myocardial stress during drug delivery .", "entity": [{"entity": "DOX", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , these data suggest an explanation as to how p53 inhibition can result in cardioprotection during drug treatment and , paradoxically , enhanced cardiotoxicity long after the cessation of drug treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metronidazole - induced encephalopathy : an uncommon scenario .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metronidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metronidazole can produce neurological complications although it is not a common scenario .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metronidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We present a case where a patient developed features of encephalopathy following prolonged metronidazole intake .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "metronidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) brain showed abnormal signal intensity involving both dentate nuclei of cerebellum and splenium of corpus callosum .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The diagnosis of metronidazole toxicity was made by the MRI findings and supported clinically .", "entity": [{"entity": "metronidazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aconitine - induced Ca2 + overload causes arrhythmia and triggers apoptosis through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Ca2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aconitine is a major bioactive diterpenoid alkaloid with high content derived from herbal aconitum plants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerging evidence indicates that voltage - dependent Na ( + ) channels have pivotal roles in the cardiotoxicity of aconitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Na", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 55]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , no reports are available on the role of Ca ( 2 + ) in aconitine poisoning .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we explored the importance of pathological Ca ( 2 + ) signaling in aconitine poisoning in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "poisoning", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that Ca ( 2 + ) overload lead to accelerated beating rhythm in adult rat ventricular myocytes and caused arrhythmia in conscious freely moving rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate effects of aconitine on myocardial injury , we performed cytotoxicity assay in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes ( NRVMs ) , as well as measured lactate dehydrogenase level in the culture medium of NRVMs and activities of serum cardiac enzymes in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "myocardial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "cytotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that aconitine resulted in myocardial injury and reduced NRVMs viability dose - dependently .", "entity": [{"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "myocardial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To confirm the pro - apoptotic effects , we performed flow cytometric detection , cardiac histology , transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - mediated dUTP - biotin nick end labeling assay .", "entity": [{"entity": "dUTP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 192]}, {"entity": "biotin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results showed that aconitine stimulated apoptosis time - dependently .", "entity": [{"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression analysis of Ca ( 2 + ) handling proteins demonstrated that aconitine promoted Ca ( 2 + ) overload through the expression regulation of Ca ( 2 + ) handling proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The expression analysis of apoptosis - related proteins revealed that pro - apoptotic protein expression was upregulated , and anti - apoptotic protein BCL - 2 expression was downregulated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , increased phosphorylation of MAPK family members , especially the P - P38 / P38 ratio was found in cardiac tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hence , our results suggest that aconitine significantly aggravates Ca ( 2 + ) overload and causes arrhythmia and finally promotes apoptotic development via phosphorylation of P38 mitogen - activated protein kinase .", "entity": [{"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 70]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic treatment with metformin suppresses toll - like receptor 4 signaling and attenuates left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 120]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute treatment with metformin has a protective effect in myocardial infarction by suppression of inflammatory responses due to activation of AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 79]}, {"entity": "AMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the effect of chronic pre - treatment with metformin on cardiac dysfunction and toll - like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) activities following myocardial infarction and their relation with AMPK were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "cardiac dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 98]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups ( n = 6 ) : normal control and groups were injected isoproterenol after chronic pre - treatment with 0 , 25 , 50 , or 100mg / kg of metformin twice daily for 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 124]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoproterenol ( 100mg / kg ) was injected subcutaneously on the 13th and 14th days to induce acute myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "acute myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoproterenol alone decreased left ventricular systolic pressure and myocardial contractility indexed as LVdp / dtmax and LVdp / dtmin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The left ventricular dysfunction was significantly lower in the groups treated with 25 and 50mg / kg of metformin .", "entity": [{"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 32]}, {"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Metfromin markedly lowered isoproterenol - induced elevation in the levels of TLR4 mRNA , myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD88 ) , tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( TNF - a ) , and interleukin 6 ( IL - 6 ) in the heart tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar changes were also seen in the serum levels of TNF - a and IL - 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the lower doses of 25 and 50mg / kg were more effective than 100mg / kg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phosphorylated AMPKa ( p - AMPK ) in the myocardium was significantly elevated by 25mg / kg of metformin , slightly by 50mg / kg , but not by 100mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic pre - treatment with metformin reduces post - myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction and suppresses inflammatory responses , possibly through inhibition of TLR4 activities .", "entity": [{"entity": "metformin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mechanism can be considered as a target to protect infarcted myocardium .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unusual complications of antithyroid drug therapy : four case reports and review of literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of propylthiouracil - associated acute hepatitis , one case of fatal methimazole - associated hepatocellular necrosis and one case of propylthiouracil - associated lupus - like syndrome are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "methimazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 127]}, {"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 160]}, {"entity": "lupus - like syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The literature related to antithyroid drug side effects and the mechanisms for their occurrence are reviewed and the efficacy and complications of thyroidectomy and radioiodine compared to those of antithyroid drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that in most circumstances 131I is the therapy of choice for hyperthyroidism .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperthyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by combination therapy with tetrabenazine and tiapride in a Japanese patient with Huntington ' s disease at the terminal stage of recurrent breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "tetrabenazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "tiapride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "Huntington ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 143]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We herein describe the case of an 81 - year - old Japanese woman with neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occurred 36 days after the initiation of combination therapy with tiapride ( 75 mg / day ) and tetrabenazine ( 12 . 5 mg / day ) for Huntington ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 100]}, {"entity": "tiapride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 180]}, {"entity": "tetrabenazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [201, 214]}, {"entity": "Huntington ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [239, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient had been treated with tiapride or tetrabenazine alone without any adverse effects before the administration of the combination therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "tiapride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "tetrabenazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She also had advanced breast cancer when the combination therapy was initiated .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To the best of our knowledge , the occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to combination therapy with tetrabenazine and tiapride has not been previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 79]}, {"entity": "tetrabenazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "tiapride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tetrabenazine should be administered very carefully in combination with other neuroleptic drugs , particularly in patients with a worsening general condition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tetrabenazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic drugs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A metoprolol - terbinafine combination induced bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To report a sinus bradycardia induced by metoprolol and terbinafine drug - drug interaction and its management .", "entity": [{"entity": "sinus bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 63 year - old Caucasian man on metoprolol 200 mg / day for stable coronary artery disease was prescribed a 90 - day course of oral terbinafine 250 mg / day for onychomycosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 91]}, {"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "onychomycosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the 49th day of terbinafine therapy , he was brought to the emergency room for a decrease of his global health status , confusion and falls .", "entity": [{"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrocardiogram revealed a 37 beats / min sinus bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "sinus bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A score of 7 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the patient ' s sinus bradycardia and the drug interaction between metoprolol and terbinafine .", "entity": [{"entity": "adverse drug reaction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 49]}, {"entity": "sinus bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 143]}, {"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 187]}, {"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heart rate ameliorated first with a decrease in the dose of metoprolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was subsequently changed to bisoprolol and the heart rate remained normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "bisoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By inhibiting the cytochrome P450 2D6 , terbinafine had decreased metoprolol ' s clearance , leading in metoprolol accumulation which has resulted in clinically significant sinus bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "terbinafine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "metoprolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "sinus bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optochiasmatic and peripheral neuropathy due to ethambutol overtreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethambutol is known to cause optic neuropathy and , more rarely , axonal polyneuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "optic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "polyneuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We characterize the clinical , neurophysiological , and neuroimaging findings in a 72 - year - old man who developed visual loss and paresthesias after 11 weeks of exposure to a supratherapeutic dose of ethambutol .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "paresthesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the anterior visual pathways and peripheral nerves to ethambutol toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethambutol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 118]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone ameliorates streptozotocin - induced memory impairment in male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AIM : To study the effects of testosterone on streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced memory impairment in male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Adult male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly ( icv ) infused with STZ ( 750 ug ) on d 1 and d 3 , and a passive avoidance task was assessed 2 weeks after the first injection of STZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Castration surgery was performed in another group of rats , and the passive avoidance task was assessed 4 weeks after the operation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone ( 1 mg . kg ( - 1 ) . d ( - 1 ) , sc ) , the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide ( 10 mg . kg ( - 1 ) . d ( - 1 ) , ip ) , the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen ( 1 mg . kg ( - 1 ) . d ( - 1 ) , ip ) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole ( 4 mg . kg ( - 1 ) . d ( - 1 ) , ip ) were administered for 6 d after the first injection of STZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "androgen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}, {"entity": "flutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "tamoxifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "letrozole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 257]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [352, 355]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : STZ administration and castration markedly decreased both STL1 ( the short memory ) and STL2 ( the long memory ) in passive avoidance tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Testosterone replacement almost restored the STL1 and STL2 in castrated rats , and significantly prolonged the STL1 and STL2 in STZ - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of flutamide , letrozole or tamoxifen significantly impaired the memory in intact rats , and significantly attenuated the testosterone replacement in improving STZ - and castration - induced memory impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "flutamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "letrozole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "tamoxifen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "impaired the memory", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 86]}, {"entity": "testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 178]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Testosterone administration ameliorates STZ - and castration - induced memory impairment in male Wistar rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Testosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "STZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "memory impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Behavioral and neurochemical studies in mice pretreated with garcinielliptone FC in pilocarpine - induced seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "garcinielliptone FC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 80]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Garcinielliptone FC ( GFC ) isolated from hexanic fraction seed extract of species Platonia insignis Mart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Garcinielliptone FC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is widely used in folk medicine to treat skin diseases in both humans and animals as well as the seed decoction has been used to treat diarrheas and inflammatory diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "skin diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "diarrheas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "inflammatory diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , there is no research on GFC effects in the central nervous system of rodents .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study aimed to evaluate the GFC effects at doses of 25 , 50 or 75 mg / kg on seizure parameters to determine their anticonvulsant activity and its effects on amino acid ( r - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) , glutamine , aspartate and glutathione ) levels as well as on acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) activity in mice hippocampus after seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 180]}, {"entity": "r - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 204]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 211]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}, {"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [228, 237]}, {"entity": "glutathione", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 253]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [342, 350]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "GFC produced an increased latency to first seizure , at doses 25mg / kg ( 20 . 12 + 2 . 20 min ) , 50mg / kg ( 20 . 95 + 2 . 21 min ) or 75 mg / kg ( 23 . 43 + 1 . 99 min ) when compared with seized mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , GABA content of mice hippocampus treated with GFC75 plus P400 showed an increase of 46 . 90 % when compared with seized mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In aspartate , glutamine and glutamate levels detected a decrease of 5 . 21 % , 13 . 55 % and 21 . 80 % , respectively in mice hippocampus treated with GFC75 plus P400 when compared with seized mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "glutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hippocampus mice treated with GFC75 plus P400 showed an increase in AChE activity ( 63 . 30 % ) when compared with seized mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that GFC can exert anticonvulsant activity and reduce the frequency of installation of pilocarpine - induced status epilepticus , as demonstrated by increase in latency to first seizure and decrease in mortality rate of animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 148]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data suggest that GFC may influence in epileptogenesis and promote anticonvulsant actions in pilocarpine model by modulating the GABA and glutamate contents and of AChE activity in seized mice hippocampus .", "entity": [{"entity": "GFC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 153]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This compound may be useful to produce neuronal protection and it can be considered as an anticonvulsant agent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Standard operating procedures for antibiotic therapy and the occurrence of acute kidney injury : a prospective , clinical , non - interventional , observational study .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTRODUCTION : Acute kidney injury ( AKI ) occurs in 7 % of hospitalized and 66 % of Intensive Care Unit ( ICU ) patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 34]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It increases mortality , hospital length of stay , and costs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to investigate , whether there is an association between adherence to guidelines ( standard operating procedures ( SOP ) ) for potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics and the occurrence of AKI .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This study was carried out as a prospective , clinical , non - interventional , observational study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data collection was performed over a total of 170 days in three ICUs at Charite - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 675 patients were included ; 163 of these had therapy with vancomycin , gentamicin , or tobramycin ; were > 18 years ; and treated in the ICU for > 24 hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "vancomycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "tobramycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with an adherence to SOP > 70 % were classified into the high adherence group ( HAG ) and patients with an adherence of < 70 % into the low adherence group ( LAG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adherence to SOPs was evaluated by retrospective expert audit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Development of AKI was compared between groups with exact Chi2 - test and multivariate logistic regression analysis ( two - sided P < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : LAG consisted of 75 patients ( 46 % ) versus 88 HAG patients ( 54 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AKI occurred significantly more often in LAG with 36 % versus 21 % in HAG ( P = 0 . 035 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Basic characteristics were comparable , except an increased rate of soft tissue infections in LAG .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Multivariate analysis revealed an odds ratio of 2 . 5 - fold for LAG to develop AKI compared with HAG ( 95 % confidence interval 1 . 195 to 5 . 124 , P = 0 . 039 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Low adherence to SOPs for potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics was associated with a higher occurrence of AKI .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "AKI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TRIAL REGISTRATION : Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54598675 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Registered 17 August 2007 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhabdomyolysis in a hepatitis C virus infected patient treated with telaprevir and simvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "hepatitis C virus infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 46]}, {"entity": "telaprevir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 46 - year old man with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection received triple therapy with ribavirin , pegylated interferon and telaprevir .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis C virus infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "ribavirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "pegylated interferon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 124]}, {"entity": "telaprevir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient also received simvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One month after starting the antiviral therapy , the patient was admitted to the hospital because he developed rhabdomyolysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At admission simvastatin and all antiviral drugs were discontinued because toxicity due to a drug - drug interaction was suspected .", "entity": [{"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The creatine kinase peaked at 62 , 246 IU / L and the patient was treated with intravenous normal saline .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient ' s renal function remained unaffected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen days after hospitalization , creatine kinase level had returned to 230 IU / L and the patient was discharged .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Telaprevir was considered the probable causative agent of an interaction with simvastatin according to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Telaprevir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The interaction is due to inhibition of CYP3A4 - mediated simvastatin clearance .", "entity": [{"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simvastatin plasma concentration increased 30 times in this patient and statin induced muscle toxicity is related to the concentration of the statin in blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "statin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "muscle toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 102]}, {"entity": "statin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , with this case we illustrate that telaprevir as well as statins are susceptible to clinical relevant drug - drug interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "telaprevir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "statins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Combination of bortezomib , thalidomide , and dexamethasone ( VTD ) as a consolidation therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation for symptomatic multiple myeloma in Japanese patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Consolidation therapy for patients with multiple myeloma ( MM ) has been widely adopted to improve treatment response following autologous stem cell transplantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "multiple myeloma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 56]}, {"entity": "MM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of combination regimen of bortezomib , thalidomide , and dexamethasone ( VTD ) as consolidation therapy in 24 Japanese patients with newly diagnosed MM .", "entity": [{"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "MM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [217, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VTD consisted of bortezomib at a dose of 1 . 3 mg / m ( 2 ) and dexamethasone at a dose of 40 mg / day on days 1 , 8 , 15 , and 22 of a 35 - day cycle , with daily oral thalidomide at a dose of 100 mg / day .", "entity": [{"entity": "bortezomib", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}, {"entity": "thalidomide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grade 3 - 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were documented in four and three patients ( 17 and 13 % ) , respectively , but drug dose reduction due to cytopenia was not required in any case .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "cytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Peripheral neuropathy was common ( 63 % ) , but severe grade 3 - 4 peripheral neuropathy was not observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "peripheral neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very good partial response or better response ( > VGPR ) rates before and after consolidation therapy were 54 and 79 % , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients had a significant probability of improving from < VGPR before consolidation therapy to > VGPR after consolidation therapy ( p = 0 . 041 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The VTD regimen may be safe and effective as a consolidation therapy in the treatment of MM in Japanese population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion to sirolimus ameliorates cyclosporine - induced nephropathy in the rat : focus on serum , urine , gene , and protein renal expression biomarkers .", "entity": [{"entity": "sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protocols of conversion from cyclosporin A ( CsA ) to sirolimus ( SRL ) have been widely used in immunotherapy after transplantation to prevent CsA - induced nephropathy , but the molecular mechanisms underlying these protocols remain nuclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "sirolimus", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 147]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to identify the molecular pathways and putative biomarkers of CsA - to - SRL conversion in a rat model .", "entity": [{"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four animal groups ( n = 6 ) were tested during 9 weeks : control , CsA , SRL , and conversion ( CsA for 3 weeks followed by SRL for 6 weeks ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 100]}, {"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classical and emergent serum , urinary , and kidney tissue ( gene and protein expression ) markers were assessed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal lesions were analyzed in hematoxylin and eosin , periodic acid - Schiff , and Masson ' s trichrome stains .", "entity": [{"entity": "Renal lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "hematoxylin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "eosin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SRL - treated rats presented proteinuria and NGAL ( serum and urinary ) as the best markers of renal impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "renal impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Short CsA treatment presented slight or even absent kidney lesions and TGF - b , NF - kb , mTOR , PCNA , TP53 , KIM - 1 , and CTGF as relevant gene and protein changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 9]}, {"entity": "kidney lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prolonged CsA exposure aggravated renal damage , without clear changes on the traditional markers , but with changes in serums TGF - b and IL - 7 , TBARs clearance , and kidney TGF - b and mTOR .", "entity": [{"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversion to SRL prevented CsA - induced renal damage evolution ( absent / mild grade lesions ) , while NGAL ( serum versus urine ) seems to be a feasible biomarker of CsA replacement to SRL .", "entity": [{"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "CsA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 172]}, {"entity": "SRL", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinin B2 receptor deletion and blockage ameliorates cisplatin - induced acute renal injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "acute renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cisplatin treatment has been adopted in some chemotherapies ; however , this drug can induce acute kidney injury due its ability to negatively affect renal function , augment serum levels of creatinine and urea , increase the acute tubular necrosis score and up - regulate cytokines ( e . g . , IL - 1b and TNF - a ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 112]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [206, 210]}, {"entity": "acute tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [226, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The kinin B2 receptor has been associated with the inflammation process , as well as the regulation of cytokine expression , and its deletion resulted in an improvement in the diabetic nephropathy status .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "diabetic nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To examine the role of the kinin B2 receptor in cisplatin - induced acute kidney injury , kinin B2 receptor knockout mice were challenged with cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , WT mice were treated with a B2 receptor antagonist after cisplatin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B2 receptor - deficient mice were less sensitive to this drug than the WT mice , as shown by reduced weight loss , better preservation of kidney function , down regulation of inflammatory cytokines and less acute tubular necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "weight loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "acute tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , treatment with the kinin B2 receptor antagonist effectively reduced the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea after cisplatin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 124]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , our data suggest that the kinin B2 receptor is involved in cisplatin - induced acute kidney injury by mediating the necrotic process and the expression of inflammatory cytokines , thus resulting in declined renal function .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "acute kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 105]}, {"entity": "necrotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results highlight the kinin B2 receptor antagonist treatment in amelioration of nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety and efficacy of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) in birdshot retinochoroidopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 45]}, {"entity": "birdshot retinochoroidopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To report the treatment outcomes of the fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy whose disease is refractory or intolerant to conventional immunomodulatory therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 72]}, {"entity": "birdshot retinochoroidopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : A retrospective case series involving 11 birdshot retinochoroidopathy patients ( 11 eyes ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "birdshot retinochoroidopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eleven patients ( 11 eyes ) underwent surgery for fluocinolone acetonide implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment outcomes of interest were noted at baseline , before fluocinolone acetonide implant , and then at 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , 3 years , and beyond 3 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disease activity markers , including signs of ocular inflammation , evidence of retinal vasculitis , Swedish interactive threshold algorithm - short wavelength automated perimetry Humphrey visual field analysis , electroretinographic parameters , and optical coherence tomography were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "retinal vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data on occurrence of cataract and raised intraocular pressure were collected in all eyes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cataract", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "raised intraocular pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Intraocular inflammation was present in 54 . 5 , 9 . 9 , 11 . 1 , and 0 % of patients at baseline , 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , 3 years , and beyond 3 years after receiving the implant , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Active vasculitis was noted in 36 . 3 % patients at baseline and 0 % at 3 years of follow - up .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 20 % ( 47 . 61 - 67 . 2 % ) reduction in central retinal thickness was noted in all patients with cystoid macular edema at 6 months , 1 year , 2 years , and 3 years postimplant .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystoid macular edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At baseline , 54 . 5 % patients were on immunomodulatory agents .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This percentage decreased to 45 . 45 , 44 . 4 , and 14 . 28 % at 1 year , 2 years , and 3 years postimplant , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse events included increased intraocular pressure ( 54 . 5 % ) and cataract formation ( 100 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "increased intraocular pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 54]}, {"entity": "cataract", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The data suggest that fluocinolone acetonide implant ( 0 . 59 mg ) helps to control inflammation in otherwise treatment - refractory cases of birdshot retinochoroidopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluocinolone acetonide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 57]}, {"entity": "inflammation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "birdshot retinochoroidopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is associated with significant side effects of cataract and ocular hypertension requiring treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cataract", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "ocular hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Optimal precurarizing dose of rocuronium to decrease fasciculation and myalgia following succinylcholine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "fasciculation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 66]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 78]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Succinylcholine commonly produces frequent adverse effects , including muscle fasciculation and myalgia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "muscle fasciculation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 104]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The current study identified the optimal dose of rocuronium to prevent succinylcholine - induced fasciculation and myalgia and evaluated the influence of rocuronium on the speed of onset produced by succinylcholine .", "entity": [{"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}, {"entity": "fasciculation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 164]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : This randomized , double - blinded study was conducted in 100 patients randomly allocated into five groups of 20 patients each .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were randomized to receive 0 . 02 , 0 . 03 , 0 . 04 , 0 . 05 and 0 . 06 mg / kg rocuronium as a precurarizing dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuromuscular monitoring after each precurarizing dose was recorded from the adductor pollicis muscle using acceleromyography with train - of - four stimulation of the ulnar nerve .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients received succinylcholine 1 . 5 mg / kg at 2 minutes after the precurarization , and were assessed the incidence and severity of fasciculations , while myalgia was assessed at 24 hours after surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The incidence and severity of visible muscle fasciculation was significantly less with increasing the amount of precurarizing dose of rocuronium ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle fasciculation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 68]}, {"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those of myalgia tend to decrease according to increasing the amount of precurarizing dose of rocuronium , but there was no significance ( P = 0 . 072 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The onset time of succinylcholine was significantly longer with increasing the amount of precurarizing dose of rocuronium ( P < 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Precurarization with 0 . 04 mg / kg rocuronium was the optimal dose considering the reduction in the incidence and severity of fasciculation and myalgia with acceptable onset time , and the safe and effective precurarization .", "entity": [{"entity": "rocuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "fasciculation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 154]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Absence of PKC - alpha attenuates lithium - induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium , an effective antipsychotic , induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ( NDI ) in 40 % of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 77]}, {"entity": "NDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The decreased capacity to concentrate urine is likely due to lithium acutely disrupting the cAMP pathway and chronically reducing urea transporter ( UT - A1 ) and water channel ( AQP2 ) expression in the inner medulla .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}, {"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Targeting an alternative signaling pathway , such as PKC - mediated signaling , may be an effective method of treating lithium - induced polyuria .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 126]}, {"entity": "polyuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PKC - alpha null mice ( PKCa KO ) and strain - matched wild type ( WT ) controls were treated with lithium for 0 , 3 or 5 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WT mice had increased urine output and lowered urine osmolality after 3 and 5 days of treatment whereas PKCa KO mice had no change in urine output or concentration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis revealed that AQP2 expression in medullary tissues was lowered after 3 and 5 days in WT mice ; however , AQP2 was unchanged in PKCa KO .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were observed with UT - A1 expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals were also treated with lithium for 6 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lithium - treated WT mice had 19 - fold increased urine output whereas treated PKCa KO animals had a 4 - fold increase in output .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AQP2 and UT - A1 expression was lowered in 6 week lithium - treated WT animals whereas in treated PKCa KO mice , AQP2 was only reduced by 2 - fold and UT - A1 expression was unaffected .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urinary sodium , potassium and calcium were elevated in lithium - fed WT but not in lithium - fed PKCa KO mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data show that ablation of PKCa preserves AQP2 and UT - A1 protein expression and localization in lithium - induced NDI , and prevents the development of the severe polyuria associated with lithium therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "NDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "polyuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Is Dysguesia Going to be a Rare or a Common Side - effect of Amlodipine ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Dysguesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A very rare side - effect of amlodipine is dysguesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "dysguesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A review of the literature produced only one case .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case about a female with essential hypertension on drug treatment with amlodipine developed loss of taste sensation .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "loss of taste sensation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Condition moderately improved on stoppage of the drug for 25 days .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that amlodipine can cause dysguesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "dysguesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we describe the clinical presentation and review the relevant literature on amlodipine and dysguesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "amlodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "dysguesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rhabdomyolysis in association with simvastatin and dosage increment in clarithromycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clarithromycin is the most documented cytochrome P450 3A4 ( CYP3A4 ) inhibitor to cause an adverse interaction with simvastatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "simvastatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This particular case is of interest as rhabdomyolysis only occurred after an increase in the dose of clarithromycin .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "clarithromycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient developed raised cardiac biomarkers without any obvious cardiac issues , a phenomenon that has been linked to rhabdomyolysis previously .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , there has been no reported effect of rhabdomyolysis on the structure and function of cardiac muscle .", "entity": [{"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinicians need to be aware of prescribing concomitant medications that increase the risk of myopathy or inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our case suggests that troponin elevation could be associated with statin induced rhabdomyolysis , which may warrant further studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "statin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "rhabdomyolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Characterization of a novel BCHE \" silent \" allele : point mutation ( p . Val204Asp ) causes loss of activity and prolonged apnea with suxamethonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "apnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency is characterized by prolonged apnea after the use of muscle relaxants ( suxamethonium or mivacurium ) in patients who have mutations in the BCHE gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 32]}, {"entity": "apnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}, {"entity": "mivacurium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we report a case of prolonged neuromuscular block after administration of suxamethonium leading to the discovery of a novel BCHE variant ( c . 695T > A , p . Val204Asp ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inhibition studies , kinetic analysis and molecular dynamics were undertaken to understand how this mutation disrupts the catalytic triad and determines a \" silent \" phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low activity of patient plasma butyrylcholinesterase with butyrylthiocholine ( BTC ) and benzoylcholine , and values of dibucaine and fluoride numbers fit with heterozygous atypical silent genotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "butyrylthiocholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 76]}, {"entity": "BTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "benzoylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "dibucaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 129]}, {"entity": "fluoride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrophoretic analysis of plasma BChE of the proband and his mother showed that patient has a reduced amount of tetrameric enzyme in plasma and that minor fast - moving BChE components : monomer , dimer , and monomer - albumin conjugate are missing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic analysis showed that the p . Val204Asp / p . Asp70Gly - p . Ala539Thr BChE displays a pure Michaelian behavior with BTC as the substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both catalytic parameters Km = 265 uM for BTC , two times higher than that of the atypical enzyme , and a low Vmax are consistent with the absence of activity against suxamethonium .", "entity": [{"entity": "BTC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular dynamic ( MD ) simulations showed that the overall effect of the mutation p . Val204Asp is disruption of hydrogen bonding between Gln223 and Glu441 , leading Ser198 and His438 to move away from each other with subsequent disruption of the catalytic triad functionality regardless of the type of substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MD also showed that the enzyme volume is increased , suggesting a pre - denaturation state .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This fits with the reduced concentration of p . Ala204Asp / p . Asp70Gly - p . Ala539Thr tetrameric enzyme in the plasma and non - detectable fast moving - bands on electrophoresis gels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delayed anemia after treatment with injectable artesunate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : a manageable issue .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cases of delayed hemolytic anemia have been described after treatment with injectable artesunate , the current World Health Organization ( WHO ) - recommended first - line drug for the treatment of severe malaria .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 350 patients ( 215 [ 61 . 4 % ] < 5 years of age and 135 [ 38 . 6 % ] > 5 years of age ) were followed - up after treatment with injectable artesunate for severe malaria in hospitals and health centers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo .", "entity": [{"entity": "artesunate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 161]}, {"entity": "malaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete series of hemoglobin ( Hb ) measurements were available for 201 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A decrease in Hb levels between 2 and 5 g / dL was detected in 23 ( 11 . 4 % ) patients during the follow - up period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For five patients , Hb levels decreased below 5 g / dL during at least one follow - up visit .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All cases of delayed anemia were clinically manageable and resolved within one month .", "entity": [{"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and apoptotic pathways by betaine attenuates isoproterenol - induced acute myocardial injury in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 123]}, {"entity": "myocardial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of betaine on acute myocardial ischemia induced experimentally in rats focusing on regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) and apoptotic pathways as the potential mechanism underlying the drug effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with betaine ( 100 , 200 , and 400 mg / kg ) orally for 40 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute myocardial ischemic injury was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol ( 85 mg / kg ) , for two consecutive days .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial ischemic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 32]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum cardiac marker enzyme , histopathological variables and expression of protein levels were analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of betaine ( 200 and 400 mg / kg ) significantly reduced the level of cardiac marker enzyme in the serum and prevented left ventricular remodeling .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "ventricular remodeling", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Western blot analysis showed that isoproterenol - induced phosphorylation of STAT3 was maintained or further enhanced by betaine treatment in myocardium .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , betaine ( 200 and 400 mg / kg ) treatment increased the ventricular expression of Bcl - 2 and reduced the level of Bax , therefore causing a significant increase in the ratio of Bcl - 2 / Bax .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective role of betaine on myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "myocardial damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , our results showed that betaine pretreatment attenuated isoproterenol - induced acute myocardial ischemia via the regulation of STAT3 and apoptotic pathways .", "entity": [{"entity": "betaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quetiapine - induced neutropenia in a bipolar patient with hepatocellular carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "bipolar", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative , similar to clozapine , which has the highest risk of causing blood dyscrasias , especially neutropenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "clozapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 79]}, {"entity": "blood dyscrasias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There are some case reports about this side effect of quetiapine , but possible risk factors are seldom discussed and identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma that developed neutropenia after treatment with quetiapine is described here .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 49]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE REPORT : A 62 - year - old Taiwanese widow with bipolar disorder was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at age 60 .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "hepatocellular carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She developed leucopenia after being treated with quetiapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "leucopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After quetiapine was discontinued , her white blood cell count returned to normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Although neutropenia is not a common side effect of quetiapine , physicians should be cautious about its presentation and associated risk factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic dysfunction may be one of the possible risk factors , and concomitant fever may be a diagnostic marker for adverse reaction to quetiapine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatic dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 83]}, {"entity": "quetiapine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy after steroid injection at lateral epicondyle .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : This report aimed to present a case of lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy ( LACNP ) that occurred after a steroid injection in the lateral epicondyle to treat lateral epicondylitis in a 40 - year - old woman .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "lateral epicondylitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIAL AND METHOD : A 40 - year - old woman presented with decreased sensation and paresthesia over her right lateral forearm ; the paresthesia had occurred after a steroid injection in the right lateral epicondyle 3 months before .", "entity": [{"entity": "paresthesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 96]}, {"entity": "paresthesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 145]}, {"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her sensation of light touch and pain was diminished over the lateral side of the right forearm and wrist area .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : The sensory action potential amplitude of the right lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve ( LACN ) ( 6 . 2 uV ) was lower than that of the left ( 13 . 1 uV ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference of amplitude between both sides was significant because there was more than a 50 % reduction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She was diagnosed with right LACNP ( mainly axonal involvement ) on the basis of the clinical manifestation and the electrodiagnostic findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her symptoms improved through physical therapy but persisted to some degree .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : This report describes the case of a woman with LACNP that developed after a steroid injection for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "lateral epicondylitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An electrodiagnostic study , including a nerve conduction study of the LACN , was helpful to diagnose right LACNP and to find the passage of the LACN on the lateral epicondyle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Curcumin prevents maleate - induced nephrotoxicity : relation to hemodynamic alterations , oxidative stress , mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential protective effect of the dietary antioxidant curcumin ( 120 mg / Kg / day for 6 days ) against the renal injury induced by maleate was evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tubular proteinuria and oxidative stress were induced by a single injection of maleate ( 400 mg / kg ) in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maleate - induced renal injury included increase in renal vascular resistance and in the urinary excretion of total protein , glucose , sodium , neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) and N - acetyl b - D - glucosaminidase ( NAG ) , upregulation of kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1 , decrease in renal blood flow and claudin - 2 expression besides of necrosis and apoptosis of tubular cells on 24 h .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "renal injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 142]}, {"entity": "kidney injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [264, 277]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [368, 376]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the oxidation of lipids and proteins and diminution in renal Nrf2 levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies were also conducted in renal epithelial LLC - PK1 cells and in mitochondria isolated from kidneys of all the experimental groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maleate induced cell damage and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production in LLC - PK1 cells in culture .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , maleate treatment reduced oxygen consumption in ADP - stimulated mitochondria and diminished respiratory control index when using malate / glutamate as substrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "malate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The activities of both complex I and aconitase were also diminished .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the above - described alterations were prevented by curcumin .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that curcumin is able to attenuate in vivo maleate - induced nephropathy and in vitro cell damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "curcumin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The in vivo protection was associated to the prevention of oxidative stress and preservation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I , and the in vitro protection was associated to the prevention of ROS production .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticonvulsant actions of MK - 801 on the lithium - pilocarpine model of status epilepticus in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MK - 801 , a noncompetitive N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist , was tested for anticonvulsant effects in rats using two seizure models , coadministration of lithium and pilocarpine and administration of a high dose of pilocarpine alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 186]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three major results are reported .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "First , pretreatment with MK - 801 produced an effective and dose - dependent anticonvulsant action with the lithium - pilocarpine model but not with rats treated with pilocarpine alone , suggesting that different biochemical mechanisms control seizures in these two models .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 179]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [245, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Second , the anticonvulsant effect of MK - 801 in the lithium - pilocarpine model only occurred after initial periods of seizure activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This observation is suggested to be an in vivo demonstration of the conclusion derived from in vitro experiments that MK - 801 binding requires agonist - induced opening of the channel sites of the NMDA receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 126]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Third , although it is relatively easy to block seizures induced by lithium and pilocarpine by administration of anticonvulsants prior to pilocarpine , it is more difficult to terminate ongoing status epilepticus and block the lethality of the seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 212]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [244, 252]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of MK - 801 30 or 60 min after pilocarpine , i . e . , during status epilepticus , gradually reduced electrical and behavioral seizure activity and greatly enhanced the survival rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 95]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that activation of NMDA receptors plays an important role in status epilepticus and brain damage in the lithium - pilocarpine model .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 101]}, {"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 118]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was further supported by results showing that nonconvulsive doses of NMDA and pilocarpine were synergistic , resulting in status epilepticus and subsequent mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuous infusion tobramycin combined with carbenicillin for infections in cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tobramycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "carbenicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cure rate of infections in cancer patients is adversely affected by neutropenia ( less than 1 , 000 / mm3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In particular , patients with severe neutropenia ( less than 100 / mm3 ) have shown a poor response to antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To overcome the adverse effects of neutropenia , tobramycin was given by continuous infusion and combined with intermittent carbenicillin .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "tobramycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "carbenicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tobramycin was given to a total daily dose of 300 mg / m2 and carbenicillin was given at a dose of 5 gm every four hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tobramycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "carbenicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were 125 infectious episodes in 116 cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overall cure rate was 70 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pneumonia was the most common infection and 61 % of 59 episodes were cured .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pneumonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gram - negative bacilli were the most common causative organisms and 69 % of these infections were cured .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae and this , together with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , accounted for 74 % of all gram - negative bacillary infections .", "entity": [{"entity": "pneumoniae", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "gram - negative bacillary infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Response was not influenced by the initial neutrophil count , with a 62 % cure rate for 39 episodes associated with severe neutropenia .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , failure of the neutrophil count to increase during therapy adversely affected response .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azotemia was the major side effect recognized , and it occurred in 11 % of episodes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azotemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major azotemia ( serum creatinine greater than 2 . 5 mg / dl or BUN greater than 50 mg / dl ) occurred in only 2 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "azotemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Azotemia was not related to duration of therapy or serum tobramycin concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "Azotemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "tobramycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This antibiotic regimen showed both therapeutic efficacy and acceptable renal toxicity for these patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Incidence of solid tumours among pesticide applicators exposed to the organophosphate insecticide diazinon in the Agricultural Health Study : an updated analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : Diazinon , a common organophosphate insecticide with genotoxic properties , was previously associated with lung cancer in the Agricultural Health Study ( AHS ) cohort , but few other epidemiological studies have examined diazinon - associated cancer risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "organophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 47]}, {"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [233, 241]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [255, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used updated diazinon exposure and cancer incidence information to evaluate solid tumour risk in the AHS .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : Male pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina reported lifetime diazinon use at enrolment ( 1993 - 1997 ) and follow - up ( 1998 - 2005 ) ; cancer incidence was assessed through 2010 ( North Carolina ) / 2011 ( Iowa ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among applicators with usage information sufficient to evaluate exposure - response patterns , we used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted rate ratios ( RRs ) and 95 % CI for cancer sites with > 10 exposed cases for both lifetime ( LT ) exposure days and intensity - weighted ( IW ) lifetime exposure days ( accounting for factors impacting exposure ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We observed elevated lung cancer risks ( N = 283 ) among applicators with the greatest number of LT ( RR = 1 . 60 ; 95 % CI 1 . 11 to 2 . 31 ; Ptrend = 0 . 02 ) and IW days of diazinon use ( RR = 1 . 41 ; 95 % CI 0 . 98 to 2 . 04 ; Ptrend = 0 . 08 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kidney cancer ( N = 94 ) risks were non - significantly elevated ( RRLT days = 1 . 77 ; 95 % CI 0 . 90 to 3 . 51 ; Ptrend = 0 . 09 ; RRIW days 1 . 37 ; 95 % CI 0 . 64 to 2 . 92 ; Ptrend = 0 . 50 ) , as were risks for aggressive prostate cancer ( N = 656 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kidney cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Our updated evaluation of diazinon provides additional evidence of an association with lung cancer risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazinon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Newly identified links to kidney cancer and associations with aggressive prostate cancer require further evaluation .", "entity": [{"entity": "kidney cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Associations of Ozone and PM2 . 5 Concentrations With Parkinson ' s Disease Among Participants in the Agricultural Health Study .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : This study describes associations of ozone and fine particulate matter with Parkinson ' s disease observed among farmers in North Carolina and Iowa .", "entity": [{"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "particulate matter", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 82]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We used logistic regression to determine the associations of these pollutants with self - reported , doctor - diagnosed Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Daily predicted pollutant concentrations were used to derive surrogates of long - term exposure and link them to study participants ' geocoded addresses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : We observed positive associations of Parkinson ' s disease with ozone ( odds ratio = 1 . 39 ; 95 % CI : 0 . 98 to 1 . 98 ) and fine particulate matter ( odds ratio = 1 . 34 ; 95 % CI : 0 . 93 to 1 . 93 ) in North Carolina but not in Iowa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "ozone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "particulate matter", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : The plausibility of an effect of ambient concentrations of these pollutants on Parkinson ' s disease risk is supported by experimental data demonstrating damage to dopaminergic neurons at relevant concentrations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional studies are needed to address uncertainties related to confounding and to examine temporal aspects of the associations we observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low functional programming of renal AT2R mediates the developmental origin of glomerulosclerosis in adult offspring induced by prenatal caffeine exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UNASSIGNED : Our previous study has indicated that prenatal caffeine exposure ( PCE ) could induce intrauterine growth retardation ( IUGR ) of offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}, {"entity": "intrauterine growth retardation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 130]}, {"entity": "IUGR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent research suggested that IUGR is a risk factor for glomerulosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "IUGR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , whether PCE could induce glomerulosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study aimed to demonstrate the induction to glomerulosclerosis in adult offspring by PCE and its intrauterine programming mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A rat model of IUGR was established by PCE , male fetuses and adult offspring at the age of postnatal week 24 were euthanized .", "entity": [{"entity": "IUGR", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results revealed that the adult offspring kidneys in the PCE group exhibited glomerulosclerosis as well as interstitial fibrosis , accompanied by elevated levels of serum creatinine and urine protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 99]}, {"entity": "interstitial fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal angiotensin II receptor type 2 ( AT2R ) gene expression in adult offspring was reduced by PCE , whereas the renal angiotensin II receptor type 1a ( AT1aR ) / AT2R expression ratio was increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 20]}, {"entity": "angiotensin II", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fetal kidneys in the PCE group displayed an enlarged Bowman ' s space and a shrunken glomerular tuft , accompanied by a reduced cortex width and an increase in the nephrogenic zone / cortical zone ratio .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Observation by electronic microscope revealed structural damage of podocytes ; the reduced expression level of podocyte marker genes , nephrin and podocin , was also detected by q - PCR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , AT2R gene and protein expressions in fetal kidneys were inhibited by PCE , associated with the repression of the gene expression of glial - cell - line - derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF ) / tyrosine kinase receptor ( c - Ret ) signaling pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrated that PCE could induce dysplasia of fetal kidneys as well as glomerulosclerosis of adult offspring , and the low functional programming of renal AT2R might mediate the developmental origin of adult glomerulosclerosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysplasia of fetal kidneys", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 75]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 105]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [224, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 , 3 - Butadiene , CML and the t ( 9 : 22 ) translocation : A reality check .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 - Butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UNASSIGNED : Epidemiological studies of 1 , 3 - butadiene have suggest that exposures to humans are associated with chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "chronic myeloid leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 140]}, {"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CML has a well - documented association with ionizing radiation , but reports of associations with chemical exposures have been questioned .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ionizing radiation is capable of inducing the requisite CML - associated t ( 9 : 22 ) translocation ( Philadelphia chromosome ) in appropriate cells in vitro but , thus far , chemicals have not shown this capacity .", "entity": [{"entity": "CML", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "Philadelphia chromosome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have proposed that 1 , 3 - butadiene metabolites be so tested as a reality check on the epidemiological reports .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to conduct reliable testing in this regard , it is essential that a positive control for induction be available .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used ionizing radiation to develop such a control .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results described here demonstrate that this agent does in fact induce pathogenic t ( 9 : 22 ) translocations in a human myeloid cell line in vitro , but does so at low frequencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conditions that will be required for studies of 1 , 3 - butadiene are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 3 - butadiene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cancer incidence and metolachlor use in the Agricultural Health Study : An update .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UNASSIGNED : Metolachlor , a widely used herbicide , is classified as a Group C carcinogen by the U . S .", "entity": [{"entity": "Metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Environmental Protection Agency based on increased liver neoplasms in female rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver neoplasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of metolachlor have been limited .", "entity": [{"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Agricultural Health Study ( AHS ) is a prospective cohort study including licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993 - 1997 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated cancer incidence through 2010 / 2011 ( NC / IA ) for 49 , 616 applicators , 53 % of whom reported ever using metolachlor .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used Poisson regression to evaluate relations between two metrics of metolachlor use ( lifetime days , intensity - weighted lifetime days ) and cancer incidence .", "entity": [{"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We saw no association between metolachlor use and incidence of all cancers combined ( n = 5 , 701 with a 5 - year lag ) or most site - specific cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For liver cancer , in analyses restricted to exposed workers , elevations observed at higher categories of use were not statistically significant .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , trends for both lifetime and intensity - weighted lifetime days of metolachor use were positive and statistically significant with an unexposed reference group .", "entity": [{"entity": "metolachor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A similar pattern was observed for follicular cell lymphoma , but no other lymphoma subtypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "follicular cell lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 59]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An earlier suggestion of increased lung cancer risk at high levels of metolachlor use in this cohort was not confirmed in this update .", "entity": [{"entity": "lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggestion of an association between metolachlor and liver cancer among pesticide applicators is a novel finding and echoes observation of increased liver neoplasms in some animal studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "liver neoplasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , our findings for both liver cancer and follicular cell lymphoma warrant follow - up to better differentiate effects of metolachlor use from other factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 73]}, {"entity": "metolachlor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms Underlying Latent Disease Risk Associated with Early - Life Arsenic Exposure : Current Research Trends and Scientific Gaps .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Millions of individuals worldwide , particularly those living in rural and developing areas , are exposed to harmful levels of inorganic arsenic ( iAs ) in their drinking water .", "entity": [{"entity": "inorganic arsenic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 157]}, {"entity": "iAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inorganic As exposure during key developmental periods is associated with a variety of adverse health effects including those that are evident in adulthood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inorganic As", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is considerable interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms that relate early - life iAs exposure to the development of these latent diseases , particularly in relationship to cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "iAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVES : This work summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of cancer development in adulthood that is associated with early - life iAs exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "iAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : Epigenetic reprogramming that imparts functional changes in gene expression , the development of cancer stem cells , and immunomodulation are plausible underlying mechanisms by which early - life iAs exposure elicits latent carcinogenic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 116]}, {"entity": "iAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Evidence is mounting that relates early - life iAs exposure and cancer development later in life .", "entity": [{"entity": "iAs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Future research should include animal studies that address mechanistic hypotheses and studies of human populations that integrate early - life exposure , molecular alterations , and latent disease outcomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nifedipine induced bradycardia in a patient with autonomic neuropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "autonomic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An 80 year old diabetic male with evidence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy was admitted with chest pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "peripheral and autonomic neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 81]}, {"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was found to have atrial flutter at a ventricular rate of 70 / min which slowed down to 30 - 40 / min when nifedipine ( 60 mg ) in 3 divided doses , during which he was paced at a rate of 70 / min .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrial flutter", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is inconsistent with the well - established finding that nifedipine induces tachycardia in normally innervated hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , in hearts deprived of compensatory sympathetic drive , it may lead to bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of haloperidol in cocaine and amphetamine intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effectiveness of haloperidol pretreatment in preventing the toxic effects of high doses of amphetamine and cocaine was studied in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this model , toxic effects were induced by intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) injection of amphetamine 75 mg / kg ( 100 % death rate ) or cocaine 70 mg / kg ( 82 % death rate ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 98]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haloperidol failed to prevent amphetamine - induced seizures , but did lower the mortality rate at most doses tested .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haloperidol decreased the incidence of cocaine - induced seizures at the two highest doses , but the lowering of the mortality rate did not reach statistical significance at any dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "Haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest a protective role for the central dopamine blocker haloperidol against death from high - dose amphetamine exposure without reducing the incidence of seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , haloperidol demonstrated an ability to reduce cocaine - induced seizures without significantly reducing mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autoradiographic evidence of estrogen binding sites in nuclei of diethylstilbesterol induced hamster renal carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "renal carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Estrogen binding sites were demonstrated by autoradiography in one transplantable and five primary diethylstilbesterol induced renal carcinomas in three hamsters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "diethylstilbesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 118]}, {"entity": "renal carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Radiolabelling , following the in vivo injection of 3H - 17 beta estradiol , was increased only over the nuclei of tumor cells ; stereologic analysis revealed a 4 . 5 - to 6 . 7 - times higher concentration of reduced silver grains over nuclei than cytoplasm of these cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 120]}, {"entity": "silver", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite rapid tubular excretion of estradiol which peaked in less than 1 h , the normal cells did not appear to bind the ligand .", "entity": [{"entity": "estradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first published report documenting the preferential in vivo binding of estrogen to nuclei of cells in estrogen induced hamster renal carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 91]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "renal carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bradycardia due to biperiden .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "biperiden", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a 38 - year - old male patient suffering from a severe postzosteric trigeminal neuralgia , intravenous application of 10 mg biperiden lactate led to a long - lasting paradoxical reaction characterized by considerable bradycardia , dysarthria , and dysphagia .", "entity": [{"entity": "postzosteric", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "trigeminal neuralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 91]}, {"entity": "biperiden lactate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 144]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "dysarthria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 244]}, {"entity": "dysphagia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [251, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The heart rate was back to normal within 12 hours upon administration of orciprenaline under cardiac monitoring in an intensive care unit .", "entity": [{"entity": "orciprenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bradycardia induced by biperiden is attributed to the speed of injection and to a dose - related dual effect of atropine - like drugs on muscarine receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "biperiden", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "muscarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with halothane , enflurane or isoflurane for middle - ear surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "labetalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "enflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "isoflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The feasibility of using labetalol , an alpha - and beta - adrenergic blocking agent , as a hypotensive agent in combination with inhalation anaesthetics ( halothane , enflurane or isoflurane ) was studied in 23 adult patients undergoing middle - ear surgery .", "entity": [{"entity": "labetalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 165]}, {"entity": "enflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "isoflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean arterial pressure was decreased from 86 + / - 5 ( s . e . mean ) mmHg to 52 + / - 1 mmHg ( 11 . 5 + / - 0 . 7 to 6 . 9 + / - 0 . 1 kPa ) for 98 + / - 10 min in the halothane ( H ) group , from 79 + / - 5 to 53 + / - 1 mmHg ( 10 . 5 + / - 0 . 7 to 7 . 1 + / - 0 . 1 kPa ) for 129 + / - 11 min in the enflurane ( E ) group , and from 80 + / - 4 to 49 + / - 1 mmHg ( 10 . 7 + / - 0 . 5 to 6 . 5 + / - 0 . 1 kPa ) for 135 + / - 15 min in the isoflurane ( I ) group .", "entity": [{"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 182]}, {"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 186]}, {"entity": "enflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 317]}, {"entity": "E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [320, 321]}, {"entity": "isoflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [447, 457]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [460, 461]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean H concentration during hypotension in the inspiratory gas was 0 . 7 + / - 0 . 1 vol % , the mean E concentration 1 . 6 + / - 0 . 2 vol % , and the mean I concentration 1 . 0 + / - 0 . 1 vol % .", "entity": [{"entity": "H", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 107]}, {"entity": "I", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the patients received fentanyl and d - tubocurarine .", "entity": [{"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "d - tubocurarine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial dose of labetalol for lowering blood pressure was similar , 0 . 52 - 0 . 59 mg / kg , in all the groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "labetalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During hypotension , the heart rate was stable without tachy - or bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "tachy - or bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The operating conditions regarding bleeding were estimated in a double - blind manner , and did not differ significantly between the groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During hypotension , the serum creatinine concentration rose significantly in all groups from the values before hypotension and returned postoperatively to the initial level in the other groups , except the isoflurane group .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "isoflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After hypotension there was no rebound phenomenon in either blood pressure or heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that labetalol induces easily adjustable hypotension without compensatory tachycardia and rebound hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "labetalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Convulsion following intravenous fluorescein angiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Convulsion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "fluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tonic - clonic seizures followed intravenous fluorescein injection for fundus angiography in a 47 - year - old male .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tonic - clonic seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "fluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite precautions this adverse reaction recurred on re - exposure to intravenous fluorescein .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluorescein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacology of ACC - 9653 ( phenytoin prodrug ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACC - 9653 , the disodium phosphate ester of 3 - hydroxymethyl - 5 , 5 - diphenylhydantoin , is a prodrug of phenytoin with advantageous physicochemical properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "disodium phosphate ester", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "3 - hydroxymethyl - 5 , 5 - diphenylhydantoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 90]}, {"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACC - 9653 is rapidly converted enzymatically to phenytoin in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium have equivalent anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by maximal electroshock ( MES ) in mice following i . p . , oral , or i . v . administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ED50 doses were 16 mg / kg for i . v . ACC - 9653 and 8 mg / kg for i . v . phenytoin sodium .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium have similar antiarrhythmic activity against ouabain - induced ventricular tachycardia in anesthetized dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "ouabain", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The total doses of ACC - 9653 or phenytoin sodium necessary to convert the arrhythmia to a normal sinus rhythm were 24 + / - 6 and 14 + / - 3 mg / kg , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only phenytoin sodium displayed in vitro antiarrhythmic activity against strophanthidin - induced arrhythmias in guinea pig right atria .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "strophanthidin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In anesthetized dogs , a high dose of ACC - 9653 ( 31 mg / kg ) was infused over 15 , 20 , and 30 min and the responses were compared to an equimolar dose of phenytoin sodium ( 21 mg / kg ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium treatments produced similar marked reductions in diastolic blood pressure and contractile force ( LVdP / dt ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximum effects of each treatment occurred at the time of maximum phenytoin sodium levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute toxicity studies of ACC - 9653 and phenytoin sodium were carried out in mice , rats , rabbits , and dogs by i . v . , i . m . , and i . p . routes of administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The systemic toxic signs of both agents were similar and occurred at approximately equivalent doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Importantly , the local irritation of ACC - 9653 was markedly less than phenytoin sodium following i . m . administration . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "ACC - 9653", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "phenytoin sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tachyphylaxis to systemic but not to airway responses during prolonged therapy with high dose inhaled salbutamol in asthmatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "asthmatics", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High doses of inhaled salbutamol produce substantial improvements in airway response in patients with asthma , and are associated with dose - dependent systemic beta - adrenoceptor responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether tachyphylaxis occurs during prolonged treatment with high dose inhaled salbutamol .", "entity": [{"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twelve asthmatic patients ( FEV1 , 81 + / - 4 % predicted ) , requiring only occasional inhaled beta - agonists as their sole therapy , were given a 14 - day treatment with high dose inhaled salbutamol ( HDS ) , 4 , 000 micrograms daily , low dose inhaled salbutamol ( LDS ) , 800 micrograms daily , or placebo ( PI ) by metered - dose inhaler in a double - blind , randomized crossover design .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthmatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "salbutamol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 14 - day run - in and during washout periods , inhaled beta - agonists were withheld and ipratropium bromide was substituted for rescue purposes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ipratropium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the end of each 14 - day treatment , a dose - response curve ( DRC ) was performed , and airway ( FEV1 , FEF25 - 75 ) chronotropic ( HR ) , tremor , and metabolic ( K , Glu ) responses were measured at each step ( from 100 to 4 , 000 micrograms ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 149]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 169]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment had no significant effect on baseline values .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were dose - dependent increases in FEV1 and FEF25 - 75 ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , and pretreatment with HDS did not displace the DRC to the right .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DRC for HR ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , K ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , and Glu ( p less than 0 . 005 ) were attenuated after treatment with HDS compared with PI .", "entity": [{"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 38]}, {"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were also differences between HDS and LDS for HR ( p less than 0 . 001 ) and Glu ( p less than 0 . 05 ) responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glu", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequency and severity of subjective adverse effects were also reduced after HDS : tremor ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , palpitations ( p less than 0 . 001 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "palpitations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenytoin induced fatal hepatic injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "hepatic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 61 year old female developed fatal hepatic failure after phenytoin administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A typical multisystem clinical pattern precedes the manifestations of hepatic injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hematologic , biochemical and pathologic features indicate a mixed hepatocellular damage due to drug hypersensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatocellular damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 92]}, {"entity": "drug hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a patient receiving phenytoin who presents a viral - like illness , early recognition and discontinuation of the drug are mandatory .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of lethal pertussis vaccine reaction with histamine H1 antagonists .", "entity": [{"entity": "pertussis vaccine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied mortality after pertussis immunization in the mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "pertussis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Without treatment , 73 of 92 animals ( 80 % ) died after injection of bovine serum albumin ( BSA ) on day + 7 of pertussis immunization .", "entity": [{"entity": "pertussis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After pretreatment with 3 mg of cyproheptadine , 2 mg mianserin , or 2 mg chlorpheniramine , only 5 of 105 animals ( 5 % ) died after receiving BSA on day + 7 ( p less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyproheptadine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "mianserin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "chlorpheniramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blockade of histamine H1 receptors may reduce mortality in pertussis immunization - induced encephalopathy in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "histamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "pertussis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 68]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Support for adrenaline - hypertension hypothesis : 18 hour pressor effect after 6 hours adrenaline infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a double blind , crossover study 6 h infusions of adrenaline ( 15 ng / kg / min ; 1 ng = 5 . 458 pmol ) , noradrenaline ( 30 ng / kg / min ; 1 ng = 5 . 911 pmol ) , and a 5 % dextrose solution ( 5 . 4 ml / h ) , were given to ten healthy volunteers in random order 2 weeks apart .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 122]}, {"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of intra - arterial ambulatory monitoring the haemodynamic effects were followed for 18 h after the infusions were stopped .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adrenaline , but not noradrenaline , caused a delayed and protracted pressor effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Over the total postinfusion period systolic and diastolic arterial pressure were 6 ( SEM 2 ) % and 7 ( 2 ) % , respectively , higher than after dextrose infusion ( ANOVA , p less than 0 . 001 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dextrose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , \" stress \" levels of adrenaline ( 230 pg / ml ) for 6 h cause a delayed and protracted pressor effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are strong support for the adrenaline - hypertension hypothesis in man .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of alkylxanthines on gentamicin - induced acute renal failure in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylxanthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine antagonists have been previously shown to be of benefit in some ischaemic and nephrotoxic models of acute renal failure ( ARF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ischaemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "ARF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the effects of three alkylxanthines with different potencies as adenosine antagonists 8 - phenyltheophylline , theophylline and enprofylline , were examined in rats developing acute renal failure after 4 daily injections of gentamicin ( 200 mg kg - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylxanthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "8 - phenyltheophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "enprofylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [199, 218]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal function was assessed by biochemical ( plasma urea and creatinine ) , functional ( urine analysis and [ 3H ] inulin and [ 14C ] p - aminohippuric acid clearances ) and morphological ( degree of necrosis ) indices .", "entity": [{"entity": "urea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "p - aminohippuric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 156]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The various drug treatments produced improvements in some , but not all , measurements of renal function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , any improvement produced by drug treatment was largely a result of a beneficial effect exerted by its vehicle ( polyethylene glycol and NaOH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyethylene glycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "NaOH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of any consistent protective effect noted with the alkylxanthines tested in the present study indicates that adenosine plays little , if any , pathophysiological role in gentamicin - induced ARF .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkylxanthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 127]}, {"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 189]}, {"entity": "ARF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse ocular reactions possibly associated with isotretinoin .", "entity": [{"entity": "isotretinoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A total of 261 adverse ocular reactions occurred in 237 patients who received isotretinoin , a commonly used drug in the treatment of severe cystic acne .", "entity": [{"entity": "isotretinoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "acne", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Blepharoconjunctivitis , subjective complaints of dry eyes , blurred vision , contact lens intolerance , and photodermatitis are reversible side effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Blepharoconjunctivitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "dry eyes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 58]}, {"entity": "blurred vision", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "photodermatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More serious ocular adverse reactions include papilledema , pseudotumor cerebri , and white or gray subepithelial corneal opacities ; all of these are reversible if the drug is discontinued .", "entity": [{"entity": "papilledema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "pseudotumor cerebri", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 79]}, {"entity": "corneal opacities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reported cases of decreased dark adaptation are under investigation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isotretinoin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of the many reported congenital abnormalities after maternal use ( including microphthalmos , orbital hypertelorism , and optic nerve hypoplasia ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isotretinoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "congenital abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 98]}, {"entity": "microphthalmos", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 144]}, {"entity": "hypertelorism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "optic nerve hypoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procaterol and terbutaline in bronchial asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "terbutaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "bronchial asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A double - blind , placebo - controlled , cross - over study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procaterol , a new beta - 2 adrenoceptor stimulant , was studied in a double - blind , placebo - controlled , cross - over trial in patients with bronchial asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "bronchial asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral procaterol 50 micrograms b . d . , procaterol 100 micrograms b . d . , and terbutaline 5 mg t . i . d . , were compared when given randomly in 1 - week treatment periods .", "entity": [{"entity": "procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "terbutaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The best clinical effect was found with terbutaline .", "entity": [{"entity": "terbutaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both anti - asthmatic and tremorgenic effects of procaterol were dose - related .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthmatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "tremorgenic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Procaterol appeared effective in the doses tested , and a twice daily regimen would appear to be suitable with this drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Procaterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subacute effects of propranolol and B 24 / 76 on isoproterenol - induced rat heart hypertrophy in correlation with blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "heart hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the potential beta - receptor blocker , B 24 / 76 i . e . 1 - ( 2 , 4 - dichlorophenoxy ) - 3 [ 2 - 3 , 4 - dimethoxyphenyl ) ethanolamino ] - prop an - 2 - ol , which is characterized by beta 1 - adrenoceptor blocking and beta 2 - adrenoceptor stimulating properties with propranolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [285, 296]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies were performed using an experimental model of isoproterenol - induced heart hypertrophy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "heart hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A correlation of the blood pressure was neither found in the development nor in the attempt to suppress the development of heart hypertrophy with the two beta - receptor blockers .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both beta - blockers influenced the development of hypertrophy to a different , but not reproducible extent .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was possible to suppress the increased ornithine decarboxylase activity with both beta - blockers in hypertrophied hearts , but there was no effect on the heart mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "ornithine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "hypertrophied hearts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither propranolol nor B 24 / 76 could stop the changes in the characteristic myosin isoenzyme pattern of the hypertrophied rat heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "hypertrophied", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the investigations did not provide any evidence that the beta - receptor blockers propranolol and B 24 / 76 have the potency to prevent isoproterenol from producing heart hypertrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 156]}, {"entity": "heart hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased anxiogenic effects of caffeine in panic disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "panic disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of oral administration of caffeine ( 10 mg / kg ) on behavioral ratings , somatic symptoms , blood pressure and plasma levels of 3 - methoxy - 4 - hydroxyphenethyleneglycol ( MHPG ) and cortisol were determined in 17 healthy subjects and 21 patients meeting DSM - III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks or panic disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "3 - methoxy - 4 - hydroxyphenethyleneglycol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 184]}, {"entity": "MHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [187, 191]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 206]}, {"entity": "agoraphobia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [293, 304]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [310, 323]}, {"entity": "panic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [327, 341]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine produced significantly greater increases in subject - rated anxiety , nervousness , fear , nausea , palpitations , restlessness , and tremors in the patients compared with healthy subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "anxiety", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 106]}, {"entity": "palpitations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "restlessness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 136]}, {"entity": "tremors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the patients , but not the healthy subjects , these symptoms were significantly correlated with plasma caffeine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy - one percent of the patients reported that the behavioral effects of caffeine were similar to those experienced during panic attacks .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "panic attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine did not alter plasma MHPG levels in either the healthy subjects or patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "MHPG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Caffeine increased plasma cortisol levels equally in the patient and healthy groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "cortisol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist , these results suggest that some panic disorder patients may have abnormalities in neuronal systems involving adenosine .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "panic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 101]}, {"entity": "abnormalities in neuronal systems", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 153]}, {"entity": "adenosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with anxiety disorders may benefit by avoiding caffeine - containing foods and beverages .", "entity": [{"entity": "anxiety disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of the effect of oxitropium bromide and of slow - release theophylline on nocturnal asthma .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxitropium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of a new inhaled antimuscarinic drug , oxitropium bromide , and of a slow - release theophylline preparation upon nocturnal asthma were compared in a placebo - controlled double - blind study .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxitropium bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 108]}, {"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two samples were studied : 12 patients received oxitropium at 600 micrograms ( 6 subjects ) or at 400 micrograms t . i . d .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxitropium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "( 6 subjects ) whereas 11 received theophylline at 300 mg b . i . d .", "entity": [{"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morning dipping , assessed by the fall in peak flow overnight , was significantly reduced in the periods when either active drug was taken , whereas no difference was noticed during the placebo administration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant difference was noticed between results obtained with either active drug , as well as with either dosage of oxitropium .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxitropium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No subject reported side effects of oxitropium , as compared to three subjects reporting nausea , vomiting and tremors after theophylline .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxitropium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 95]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "tremors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxitropium proves to be a valuable alternative to theophylline in nocturnal asthma , since it is equally potent , safer and does not require the titration of dosage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxitropium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Penicillin anaphylaxis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "anaphylaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of oral penicillin anaphylaxis is described , and the terminology , occurrence , clinical manifestations , pathogenesis , prevention , and treatment of anaphylaxis are reviewed .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "anaphylaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "anaphylaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emergency physicians should be aware of oral penicillin anaphylaxis in order to prevent its occurrence by prescribing the antibiotic judiciously and knowledgeably and to offer optimal medical therapy once this life - threatening reaction has begun .", "entity": [{"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "anaphylaxis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible valproic acid - induced dementia : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversible valproic acid - induced dementia was documented in a 21 - year - old man with epilepsy who had a 3 - year history of insidious progressive decline in global cognitive abilities documented by serial neuropsychological studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeat neuropsychological testing 7 weeks after discontinuation of the drug revealed dramatic improvement in IQ , memory , naming , and other tasks commensurate with clinical recovery in his intellectual capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible pathophysiological mechanisms which may have been operative in this case include : a direct central nervous system ( CNS ) toxic effect of valproic acid ; a paradoxical epileptogenic effect secondary to the drug ; and an indirect CNS toxic effect mediated through valproic acid - induced hyperammonemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "valproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [273, 286]}, {"entity": "hyperammonemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [297, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of scopolamine - induced amnesia of passive avoidance by pre - and post - training naloxone .", "entity": [{"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a series of five experiments , the modulating role of naloxone on a scopolamine - induced retention deficit in a passive avoidance paradigm was investigated in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "retention deficit", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopolamine , but not methyl scopolamine ( 1 and 3 mg / kg ) , induced an amnesia as measured by latency and duration parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "methyl scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Naloxone ( 0 . 3 , 1 , 3 , and 10 mg / kg ) injected prior to training attenuated the retention deficit with a peak of activity at 3 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "retention deficit", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of naloxone could be antagonized with morphine ( 1 , 3 , and 10 mg / kg ) , demonstrating the opioid specificity of the naloxone effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - training administration of naloxone ( 3 mg / kg ) as a single or as a split dose also attenuated the scopolamine - induced amnesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control experiments indicated that neither an increase in pain sensitivity ( pre - training naloxone ) nor an induced aversive state ( post - training naloxone ) appear to be responsible for the influence of naloxone on the scopolamine - induced retention deficit .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 216]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 235]}, {"entity": "retention deficit", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [246, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results extend previous findings implicating a cholinergic - opioid interaction in memory processes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A possible mechanism for this interaction involving the septo - hippocampal cholinergic pathway is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electron microscopic investigations of the cyclophosphamide - induced lesions of the urinary bladder of the rat and their prevention by mesna .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "lesions of the urinary bladder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 100]}, {"entity": "mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fully developed cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis is characterized by nearly complete detachment of the urothelium , severe submucosal edema owing to damage to the microvascular bed and focal muscle necroses .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 142]}, {"entity": "necroses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial response to the primary attack by the cyclophosphamide metabolites seems to be fragmentation of the luminal membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "luminal", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This damages the cellular barrier against the hypertonic urine .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subsequent breaks in the lateral cell membranes of the superficial cells and in all the plasma membranes of the intermediate and basal cells , intercellular and intracellular edema and disintegration of the desmosomes and hemidesmosomes lead to progressive degeneration and detachment of the epithelial cells with exposure and splitting of the basal membrane .", "entity": [{"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The morphological changes of the endothelial cells , which become more pronounced in the later stages of the experiment , the involvement of blood vessels regardless of their diameter and the location - dependent extent of the damage indicate a direct type of damage which is preceded by a mediator - induced increase in permeability , the morphological correlate of which is the formation of gaps in the interendothelial cell connections on the venules .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes can be effectively prevented by mesna .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesna", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The only sign of a possible involvement is the increase in the number of specific granules with a presumed lysosomal function in the superficial cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increase in intragastric pressure during suxamethonium - induced muscle fasciculations in children : inhibition by alfentanil .", "entity": [{"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 86]}, {"entity": "alfentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Changes in intragastric pressure after the administration of suxamethonium 1 . 5 mg kg - 1 i . v . were studied in 32 children ( mean age 6 . 9 yr ) pretreated with either physiological saline or alfentanil 50 micrograms kg - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "alfentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg kg - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "thiopentone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence and intensity of muscle fasciculations caused by suxamethonium were significantly greater in the control than in the alfentanil group .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "alfentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The intragastric pressure during muscle fasciculations was significantly higher in the control group ( 16 + / - 0 . 7 ( SEM ) cm H2O ) than in the alfentanil group ( 7 . 7 + / - 1 . 5 ( SEM ) cm H2O ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "H2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "alfentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 157]}, {"entity": "H2O", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [195, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in intragastric pressure was directly related to the intensity of muscle fasciculations ( regression line : y = 0 . 5 + 4 . 78x with r of 0 . 78 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that intragastric pressure increases significantly during muscle fasciculations caused by suxamethonium in healthy children .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 95]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alfentanil 50 micrograms kg - 1 effectively inhibits the incidence and intensity of suxamethonium - induced muscle fasciculations ; moreover , intragastric pressure remains at its control value .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfentanil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 97]}, {"entity": "muscle fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute insulin treatment normalizes the resistance to the cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol in streptozotocin diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 92]}, {"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A morphometric study of isoproterenol induced myocardial fibrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acute effect of insulin treatment on the earlier reported protective effect of streptozotocin diabetes against the cardiotoxic effect of high doses of isoproterenol ( ISO ) was investigated in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 106]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 168]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [171, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty to 135 min after the injection of crystalline insulin , ISO was given subcutaneously and when ISO induced fibrosis in the myocardium was morphometrically analyzed 7 days later , a highly significant correlation ( r = 0 . 83 , 2 p = 0 . 006 ) to the slope of the fall in blood glucose after insulin treatment appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 66]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [283, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myocardial content of catecholamines was estimated in these 8 day diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The norepinephrine content was significantly increased while epinephrine remained unchanged .", "entity": [{"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity with a consequent down regulation of the myocardial beta - adrenergic receptors could , therefore , explain this catecholamine resistance .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rapid reversion after insulin treatment excludes the possibility that streptozotocin in itself causes the ISO resistance and points towards a direct insulin effect on myocardial catecholamine sensitivity in diabetic rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "streptozotocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "catecholamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 195]}, {"entity": "diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenomenon described might elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms behind toxic myocardial cell degeneration and may possibly have relevance for acute cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential effects of non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs on seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine induces in rats seizures and status epilepticus followed by widespread damage to the forebrain .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5 non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs , sodium salicylate , phenylbutazone , indomethacin , ibuprofen and mefenamic acid , on seizures produced by pilocarpine .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "phenylbutazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 155]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 167]}, {"entity": "mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 186]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 200]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of rats with sodium salicylate , ED50 103 mg / kg ( 60 - 174 ) , and phenylbutazone , 59 mg / kg ( 50 - 70 ) converted the non - convulsant dose of pilocarpine , 200 mg / kg , to a convulsant one .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "phenylbutazone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indomethacin , 1 - 10 mg / kg , and ibuprofen , 10 - 100 mg / kg , failed to modulate seizures produced by pilocarpine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mefenamic acid , 26 ( 22 - 30 ) mg / kg , prevented seizures and protected rats from seizure - related brain damage induced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 115]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs differentially modulate the threshold for pilocarpine - induced seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 123]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute neurologic dysfunction after high - dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acute neurologic dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "malignant glioma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Etoposide ( VP - 16 - 213 ) has been used in the treatment of many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "Etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "VP - 16 - 213", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "hematologic malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When used in high doses and in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation , this agent has activity against several treatment - resistant cancers including malignant glioma .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "malignant glioma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In six of eight patients ( 75 % ) who we treated for recurrent or resistant glioma , sudden severe neurologic deterioration occurred .", "entity": [{"entity": "glioma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "neurologic deterioration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This developed a median of 9 days after initiation of high - dose etoposide therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant clinical manifestations have included confusion , papilledema , somnolence , exacerbation of motor deficits , and sharp increase in seizure activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "confusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "papilledema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "somnolence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "motor deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These abnormalities resolved rapidly after initiation of high - dose intravenous dexamethasone therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "dexamethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all patients , computerized tomographic ( CT ) brain scans demonstrated stability in tumor size and peritumor edema when compared with pretransplant scans .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This complication appears to represent a significant new toxicity of high - dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "etoposide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 90]}, {"entity": "malignant glioma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progressive bile duct injury after thiabendazole administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile duct injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "thiabendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 27 - yr - old man developed jaundice 2 wk after exposure to thiabendazole .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaundice", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "thiabendazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cholestasis persisted for 3 yr , at which time a liver transplant was performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cholestasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two liver biopsy specimens and the hepatectomy specimen were remarkable for almost complete disappearance of interlobular bile ducts .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prominent fibrosis and hepatocellular regeneration were also present ; however , the lobular architecture was preserved .", "entity": [{"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case represents an example of \" idiosyncratic \" drug - induced liver damage in which the primary target of injury is the bile duct .", "entity": [{"entity": "drug - induced liver damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An autoimmune pathogenesis of the bile duct destruction is suggested .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile duct destruction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential effects of 1 , 4 - dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers : therapeutic implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "1 , 4 - dihydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 47]}, {"entity": "calcium channel blockers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increasing recognition of the importance of calcium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has stimulated research into the use of calcium channel blocking agents for treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "calcium channel blocking agents", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 169]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The favorable efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents make them attractive therapeutic modalities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical applications of calcium channel blockers parallel their tissue selectivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium channel blockers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to verapamil and diltiazem , which are roughly equipotent in their actions on the heart and vascular smooth muscle , the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a group of potent peripheral vasodilator agents that exert minimal electrophysiologic effects on cardiac nodal or conduction tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "dihydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 148]}, {"entity": "calcium channel blockers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the first dihydropyridine available for use in the United States , nifedipine controls angina and hypertension with minimal depression of cardiac function .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 80]}, {"entity": "angina", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional members of this group of calcium channel blockers have been studied for a variety of indications for which they may offer advantages over current therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium channel blockers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule , which encourages patient compliance in long - term therapy of hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrendipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "nisoldipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coronary vasodilating properties of nisoldipine have led to the investigation of this agent for use in angina .", "entity": [{"entity": "nisoldipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "angina", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Selectivity for the cerebrovascular bed makes nimodipine potentially useful in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage , migraine headache , dementia , and stroke .", "entity": [{"entity": "nimodipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 119]}, {"entity": "migraine headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 139]}, {"entity": "dementia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 150]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In general , the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are usually well tolerated , with headache , facial flushing , palpitations , edema , nausea , anorexia , and dizziness being the more common adverse effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydropyridine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "calcium channel blockers", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 57]}, {"entity": "headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "flushing", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "palpitations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 133]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "anorexia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The enhancement of aminonucleoside nephrosis by the co - administration of protamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "nephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental model of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis ( FSGS ) was developed in rats by the combined administration of puromycin - aminonucleoside ( AMNS ) and protamine sulfate ( PS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "focal segmental glomerular sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 61]}, {"entity": "FSGS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "puromycin - aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 154]}, {"entity": "AMNS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "protamine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 185]}, {"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male Sprague - Dawley rats , uninephrectomized three weeks before , received daily injections of subcutaneous AMNS ( 1 mg / 100 g body wt ) and intravenous PS ( 2 separated doses of 2 . 5 mg / 100 g body wt ) for four days .", "entity": [{"entity": "AMNS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The series of injections were repeated another three times at 10 day intervals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The animals were sacrificed on days 24 , 52 , and 80 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They developed nephrotic syndrome and finally renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotic syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The time - course curve of creatinine clearance dropped and showed significant difference ( P less than 0 . 01 ) from that of each control group , such as , AMNS alone , PS alone or saline injected .", "entity": [{"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "AMNS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their glomeruli showed changes of progressive FSGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "FSGS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ultrastructural studies in the initial stage revealed significant lack of particles of perfused ruthenium red on the lamina rara externa and marked changes in epithelial cell cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "ruthenium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , it is suggested that the administration of PS enhances the toxicity of AMNS on the glomerulus and readily produces progressive FSGS in rats resulting in the end - stage renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "PS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 57]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "AMNS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "FSGS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 143]}, {"entity": "end - stage renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theophylline neurotoxicity in pregnant rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the neurotoxicity of theophylline is altered in advanced pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 76]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sprague - Dawley rats that were 20 days pregnant and nonpregnant rats of the same age and strain received infusions of aminophylline until onset of maximal seizures which occurred after 28 and 30 minutes respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theophylline concentrations at this endpoint in serum ( total ) and CSF were similar but serum ( free ) and brain concentrations were slightly different in pregnant rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Theophylline serum protein binding determined by equilibrium dialysis was lower in pregnant rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal serum concentrations at onset of seizures in the mother were similar to maternal brain and CSF concentrations and correlated significantly with the former .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that advanced pregnancy has a negligible effect on the neurotoxic response to theophylline in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 81]}, {"entity": "theophylline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperkalemia induced by indomethacin and naproxen and reversed by fludrocortisone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "fludrocortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have described a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis and a history of mefenamic acid nephropathy in whom hyperkalemia and inappropriate hypoaldosteronism were caused by both indomethacin and naproxen , without major decline in renal function .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "mefenamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 125]}, {"entity": "hypoaldosteronism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 161]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [182, 194]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is likely that preexisting renal disease predisposed this patient to type IV renal tubular acidosis with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "type IV renal tubular acidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 102]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because he was unable to discontinue nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drug therapy , fludrocortisone was added , correcting the hyperkalemia and allowing indomethacin therapy to be continued safely .", "entity": [{"entity": "fludrocortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypotension as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity in three patients receiving cisplatin and 5 - fluorouracil .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac symptoms , including hypotension , developed in three patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma while being treated with cisplatin ( CDDP ) and 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - FU ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "colorectal carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two patients , hypotension was associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "left ventricular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All three patients required therapy discontinuation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac enzymes remained normal despite transient electrocardiographic ( EKG ) changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presentation and cardiac evaluation ( hemodynamic , echocardiographic , and scintigraphic ) of these patients suggest new manifestations of 5 - FU cardiotoxicity that may be influenced by CDDP .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - FU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 165]}, {"entity": "CDDP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fatal aplastic anemia in a patient treated with carbamazepine .", "entity": [{"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of fatal aplastic anemia due to carbamazepine treatment in an epileptic woman is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "epileptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite concerns of fatal bone marrow toxicity due to carbamazepine , this is only the fourth documented and published report .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone marrow toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 46]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carbamazepine is a safe drug , but physicians and patients should be aware of the exceedingly rare but potentially fatal side effects , better prevented by clinical than by laboratory monitoring .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Participation of a bulbospinal serotonergic pathway in the rat brain in clonidine - induced hypotension and bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 81]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 103]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of microinjection of clonidine ( 1 - 10 micrograms in 1 microliter ) into a region adjacent to the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata on cardiovascular function were assessed in urethane - anesthetized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "urethane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [202, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intramedullary administration of clonidine , but not saline vehicle , caused a dose - dependent decrease in both the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clonidine - induced hypotension was antagonized by prior spinal transection , but not bilateral vagotomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the clonidine - induced bradycardia was antagonized by prior bilateral vagotomy , but not spinal transection .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , selective destruction of the spinal 5 - HT nerves , produced by bilateral spinal injection of 5 , 7 - dihydroxytryptamine , reduced the magnitude of the vasodepressor or the bradycardiac responses to clonidine microinjected into the area near the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 56]}, {"entity": "5 , 7 - dihydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 135]}, {"entity": "bradycardiac", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 200]}, {"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data indicate that a bulbospinal serotonergic pathway is involved in development of clonidine - induced hypotension and bradycardia .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 119]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The induced hypotension is brought about by a decrease in sympathetic efferent activity , whereas the induced bradycardia was due to an increase in vagal efferent activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertension in neuroblastoma induced by imipramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertension is a well - known finding in some patients with neuroblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , it has not previously been described in association with the use of Imipramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the occurrence of severe hypertension ( blood pressure 190 / 160 ) in a 4 - year - old girl with neuroblastoma who was given Imipramine to control a behavior disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "Imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "behavior disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was determined later that this patient ' s tumor was recurring at the time of her hypertensive episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since she had no blood pressure elevation at initial diagnosis and none following discontinuation of the Imipramine ( when she was in florid relapse ) , we believe that this drug rather than her underlying disease alone caused her hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mechanism for this reaction is believed to be increased levels of vasoactive catecholamines due to interference of their physiologic inactivation by Imipramine .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 95]}, {"entity": "Imipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From this experience , we urge extreme caution in the use of tricyclic antidepressants in children with active neuroblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rechallenge of patients who developed oral candidiasis or hoarseness with beclomethasone dipropionate .", "entity": [{"entity": "oral candidiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "beclomethasone dipropionate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 158 asthmatic patients who were placed on inhaled beclomethasone , 15 ( 9 . 5 % ) developed either hoarseness ( 8 ) , oral thrush ( 6 ) , or both ( 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthmatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "beclomethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "thrush", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When their adverse reactions subsided , seven of these 15 patients were rechallenged with inhaled beclomethasone .", "entity": [{"entity": "beclomethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These included five cases who developed hoarseness and three who developed Candidiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "Candidiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient had both .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral thrush did not recur , but 60 % ( 3 / 5 ) of patients with hoarseness had recurrence .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrush", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that patients may be restarted on inhaled beclomethasone when clinically indicated ; however , because of the high recurrence rate , patients who develop hoarseness should not be re - challenged .", "entity": [{"entity": "beclomethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concomitant use of oral prednisone and topical beclomethasone may increase the risk of developing hoarseness or candidiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "beclomethasone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "hoarseness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "candidiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity : an analysis of dosing as a risk factor .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation are generally immunosuppressed with a dose of cyclophosphamide ( CYA ) which is usually calculated based on the patient ' s weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At these high doses of CYA , serious cardiotoxicity may occur , but definitive risk factors for the development of such cardiotoxicity have not been described .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since chemotherapeutic agent toxicity generally correlates with dose per body surface area , we retrospectively calculated the dose of CYA in patients transplanted at our institution to determine whether the incidence of CYA cardiotoxicity correlated with the dose per body surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 138]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 224]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [225, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty patients who were to receive CYA 50 mg / kg / d for four days as preparation for marrow grafting underwent a total of 84 transplants for aplastic anemia , Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome , or severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 159]}, {"entity": "Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 188]}, {"entity": "severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen of 84 ( 17 % ) patients had symptoms and signs consistent with CYA cardiotoxicity within ten days of receiving 1 to 4 doses of CYA .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six of the 14 patients died with congestive heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "congestive heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose of CYA per body surface area was calculated for all patients and the patients were divided into two groups based on daily CYA dose : Group 1 , CYA less than or equal to 1 . 55 g / m2 / d ; Group 2 , CYA greater than 1 . 55 g / m2 / d .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiotoxicity that was thought to be related to CYA occurred in 1 / 32 ( 3 % ) of patients in Group 1 and in 13 / 52 ( 25 % ) patients in Group 2 ( P less than 0 . 025 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Congestive heart failure caused or contributed to death in 0 / 32 patients in Group 1 v 6 / 52 ( 12 % ) of patients in Group 2 ( P less than 0 . 25 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congestive heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no difference in the rate of engraftment of evaluable patients in the two groups ( P greater than 0 . 5 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the CYA cardiotoxicity correlates with CYA dosage as calculated by body surface area , and that patients with aplastic anemia and immunodeficiencies can be effectively prepared for bone marrow grafting at a CYA dose of 1 . 55 g / m2 / d for four days with a lower incidence of cardiotoxicity than patients whose CYA dosage is calculated based on weight .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "aplastic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 142]}, {"entity": "immunodeficiencies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 165]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [294, 308]}, {"entity": "CYA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [329, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study reaffirms the principle that drug toxicity correlates with dose per body surface area .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies of risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The epidemiology of aminoglycoside - induced nephrotoxicity is not fully understood .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental studies in healthy human volunteers indicate aminoglycosides cause proximal tubular damage in most patients , but rarely , if ever , cause glomerular or tubular dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "glomerular or tubular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical trials of aminoglycosides in seriously ill patients indicate that the relative risk for developing acute renal failure during therapy ranges from 8 to 10 and that the attributable risk is 70 % to 80 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycosides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further analysis of these data suggests that the duration of therapy , plasma aminoglycoside levels , liver disease , advanced age , high initial estimated creatinine clearance and , possibly , female gender all increase the risk for nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 166]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [234, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other causes of acute renal failure , such as shock , appear to have an additive effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Predictive models have been developed from these analyses that should be useful for identifying patients at high risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These models may also be useful in developing insights into the pathophysiology of aminoglycoside - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central action of narcotic analgesics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Part IV .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noradrenergic influences on the activity of analgesics in rats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of clonidine , naphazoline and xylometazoline on analgesia induced by morphine , codeine , fentanyl and pentazocine , and on cataleptic effect of morphine , codine and fentanyl was studied in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "naphazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "xylometazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 99]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "pentazocine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 126]}, {"entity": "cataleptic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [157, 165]}, {"entity": "codine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The biochemical assays on the influence of four analgesics on the brain concentration and turnover of noradrenaline ( NA ) were also performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 115]}, {"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was found that three drugs stimulating central NA receptors failed to affect the analgesic ED50 of all antinociceptive agents and they enhanced catalepsy induced by morphine and fentanyl .", "entity": [{"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 156]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 176]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [181, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Codeine catalepsy was increased by clonidine and decreased by naphazoline and xylometazoline .", "entity": [{"entity": "Codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "naphazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "xylometazoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The brain concentration of NA was not changed by morphine and fentanyl , but one of the doses of codeine ( 45 mg / kg ) slightly enhanced it .", "entity": [{"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 29]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "codeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pentazocine dose - dependently decreased the brain level of NA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentazocine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The rate of NA turnover was not altered by analgesics except for the higher dose of fentanyl ( 0 . 2 mg / kg ) following which the disappearance of NA from the brain was diminished .", "entity": [{"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results are discussed in the light of various and non - uniform data from the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that in rats the brain NA plays a less important function than the other monoamines in the behavioural activity of potent analgesics .", "entity": [{"entity": "NA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 41]}, {"entity": "monoamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flurothyl seizure thresholds in mice treated neonatally with a single injection of monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) : evaluation of experimental parameters in flurothyl seizure testing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "monosodium glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [155, 164]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Monosodium glutamate ( MSG ) administration to neonatal rodents produces convulsions and results in numerous biochemical and behavioral deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monosodium glutamate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies were undertaken to determine if neonatal administration of MSG produced permanent alterations in seizure susceptibility , since previous investigations were inconclusive .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A flurothyl ether seizure screening technique was used to evaluate seizure susceptibility in adult mice that received neonatal injections of MSG ( 4 mg / g and 1 mg / g ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MSG treatment resulted in significant reductions in whole brain weight but did not alter seizure threshold .", "entity": [{"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A naloxone ( 5 mg / kg ) challenge was also ineffective in altering the seizure thresholds of either control of MSG - treated mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "naloxone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "MSG", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flurothyl ether produced hypothermia which was correlated with the duration of flurothyl exposure ; however , the relationship of hypothermia to seizure induction was unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ether", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}, {"entity": "hypothermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 141]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flurothyl seizure testing proved to be a rapid and reliable technique with which to evaluate seizure susceptibility .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flurothyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susceptibility to seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats after microinjection of isoniazid or gamma - vinyl - GABA into the substantia nigra .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 92]}, {"entity": "gamma - vinyl - GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilocarpine , given intraperitoneally to rats , reproduces the neuropathological sequelae of temporal lobe epilepsy and provides a relevant animal model for studying mechanisms of buildup of convulsive activity and pathways operative in the generalization and propagation of seizures within the forebrain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "temporal lobe epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 115]}, {"entity": "convulsive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 201]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [275, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the effects of manipulating the activity of the gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) - mediated synaptic inhibition within the substantia nigra on seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats , were investigated .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 176]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In animals pretreated with microinjections of isoniazid , 150 micrograms , an inhibitor of activity of the GABA - synthesizing enzyme , L - glutamic acid decarboxylase , into the substantia nigra pars reticulata ( SNR ) , bilaterally , non - convulsant doses of pilocarpine , 100 and 200 mg / kg , resulted in severe motor limbic seizures and status epilepticus .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "L - glutamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 153]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [262, 273]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [330, 338]}, {"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [343, 361]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electroencephalographic and behavioral monitoring revealed a profound reduction of the threshold for pilocarpine - induced convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphological analysis of frontal forebrain sections with light microscopy revealed seizure - related damage to the hippocampal formation , thalamus , amygdala , olfactory cortex , substantia nigra and neocortex , which is typically observed with pilocarpine in doses exceeding 350 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [247, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral intrastriatal injections of isoniazid did not augment seizures produced by pilocarpine , 200 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoniazid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Application of an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase , gamma - vinyl - GABA ( D , L - 4 - amino - hex - 5 - enoic acid ) , 5 micrograms , into the SNR , bilaterally , suppressed the appearance of electrographic and behavioral seizures produced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "gamma - vinyl - GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 84]}, {"entity": "D , L - 4 - amino - hex - 5 - enoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 127]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 243]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This treatment was also sufficient to protect animals from the occurrence of brain damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microinjections of gamma - vinyl - GABA , 5 micrograms , into the dorsal striatum , bilaterally , failed to prevent the development of convulsions produced by pilocarpine , 380 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - vinyl - GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 39]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 146]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results demonstrate that the threshold for pilocarpine - induced seizures in rats is subjected to the regulation of the GABA - mediated synaptic inhibition within the substantia nigra .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "GABA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human and canine ventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide : decrease with heart failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) is a systemic and coronary vasodilator that may have positive inotropic properties .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial levels of VIP were assayed before and after the development of heart failure in two canine models .", "entity": [{"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first , cobalt cardiomyopathy was induced in eight dogs ; VIP ( by radioimmunoassay ) decreased from 35 + / - 11 pg / mg protein ( mean + / - SD ) to 5 + / - 4 pg / mg protein ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cobalt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In six dogs with doxorubicin - induced heart failure , VIP decreased from 31 + / - 7 to 11 + / - 4 pg / mg protein ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , VIP content of left ventricular muscle of resected failing hearts in 10 patients receiving a heart transplant was compared with the papillary muscles in 14 patients ( five with rheumatic disease , nine with myxomatous degeneration ) receiving mitral valve prostheses .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatic disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 208]}, {"entity": "myxomatous degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 244]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lowest myocardial VIP concentration was found in the hearts of patients with coronary disease ( one patient receiving a transplant and three receiving mitral prostheses ) ( 6 . 3 + / - 1 . 9 pg / mg protein ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other patients undergoing transplantation had an average ejection fraction of 17 % + / - 6 % and a VIP level of 8 . 8 + / - 3 . 9 pg / mg protein .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hearts without coronary artery disease ( average ejection fraction of this group 62 % + / - 10 % ) had a VIP concentration of 14 . 1 + / - 7 . 9 pg / mg protein , and this was greater than in hearts of the patients with coronary disease and the hearts of patients receiving a transplant ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "coronary disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [224, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial catecholamines were also determined in 14 subjects ; a weak correlation ( r = 0 . 57 , P less than 0 . 05 ) between the tissue concentrations of VIP and norepinephrine was noted . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Non - invasive detection of coronary artery disease by body surface electrocardiographic mapping after dipyridamole infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrocardiographic changes after dipyridamole infusion ( 0 . 568 mg / kg / 4 min ) were studied in 41 patients with coronary artery disease and compared with those after submaximal treadmill exercise by use of the body surface mapping technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were divided into three groups ; 19 patients without myocardial infarction ( non - MI group ) , 14 with anterior infarction ( ANT - MI ) and eight with inferior infarction ( INF - MI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 83]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 94]}, {"entity": "anterior infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 132]}, {"entity": "ANT - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "inferior infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "INF - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty - seven unipolar electrocardiograms ( ECGs ) distributed over the entire thoracic surface were simultaneously recorded .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After dipyridamole , ischemic ST - segment depression ( 0 . 05 mV or more ) was observed in 84 % of the non - MI group , 29 % of the ANT - MI group , 63 % of the INF - MI group and 61 % of the total population .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "ischemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "ANT - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 141]}, {"entity": "INF - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exercise - induced ST depression was observed in 84 % of the non - MI group , 43 % of the ANT - MI group , 38 % of the INF - MI group and 61 % of the total .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "ANT - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "INF - MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For individual patients , there were no obvious differences between the body surface distribution of ST depression in both tests .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increase in pressure rate product after dipyridamole was significantly less than that during the treadmill exercise .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data suggest that the dipyridamole - induced myocardial ischemia is caused by the inhomogenous distribution of myocardial blood flow .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the dipyridamole ECG test is as useful as the exercise ECG test for the assessment of coronary artery disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "dipyridamole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bradycardia after high - dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "methylprednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 5 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received intravenous high - dose methylprednisolone ( MP ) therapy ( 1 g daily for 2 or 3 consecutive days ) , a decline in pulse rate was observed , most pronounced on day 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "rheumatoid arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "methylprednisolone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 107]}, {"entity": "MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the 5 patients the bradycardia was associated with complaints of substernal pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal to normal heart rate was found on day 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Electrocardiographic registrations showed sinus bradycardia in all cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "sinus bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant changes in plasma concentrations of electrolytes were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful observation of patients receiving high - dose MP is recommended .", "entity": [{"entity": "MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High - dose MP may be contraindicated in patients with known heart disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "MP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of downbeat nystagmus and oscillopsia associated with carbamazepine .", "entity": [{"entity": "downbeat nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "oscillopsia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Downbeat nystagmus is often associated with structural lesions at the craniocervical junction , but has occasionally been reported as a manifestation of metabolic imbalance or drug intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "Downbeat nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recorded the eye movements of two patients with reversible downbeat nystagmus related to carbamazepine therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "downbeat nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 80]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The nystagmus of both patients resolved after reduction of the serum carbamazepine levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroradiologic investigations including magnetic resonance imaging scans in both patients showed no evidence of intracranial abnormality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with downbeat nystagmus who are taking anticonvulsant medications , consideration should be given to reduction in dose before further investigation is undertaken .", "entity": [{"entity": "downbeat nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement by denopamine ( TA - 064 ) of pentobarbital - induced cardiac failure in the dog heart - lung preparation .", "entity": [{"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "TA - 064", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "cardiac failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The efficacy of denopamine , an orally active beta 1 - adrenoceptor agonist , in improving cardiac failure was assessed in dog heart - lung preparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "cardiac failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac functions depressed by pentobarbital ( 118 + / - 28 mg ; mean value + / - SD ) such that cardiac output and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure ( LV dP / dt max ) had been reduced by about 35 % and 26 % of the respective controls were improved by denopamine ( 10 - 300 micrograms ) in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [269, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 100 micrograms denopamine , almost complete restoration of cardiac performance was attained , associated with a slight increase in heart rate .", "entity": [{"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No arrhythmias were induced by these doses of denopamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results warrant clinical trials of denopamine in the treatment of cardiac failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "denopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "cardiac failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clonazepam monotherapy for epilepsy in childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clonazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixty patients ( age - range one month to 14 years ) with other types of epilepsy than infantile spasms were treated with clonazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 81]}, {"entity": "infantile spasms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "clonazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disappearance of seizures and normalization of abnormal EEG with disappearance of seizures were recognized in 77 % and 50 % , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizures disappeared in 71 % of the patients with generalized seizures and 89 % of partial seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Improvement of abnormal EEG was noticed in 76 % of diffuse paroxysms and in 67 % of focal paroxysms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In excellent cases , mean effective dosages were 0 . 086 + / - 0 . 021 mg / kg / day in infants and 0 . 057 + / - 0 . 022 mg / kg / day in schoolchildren , this difference was statistically significant ( p less than 0 . 005 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of side effects such as drowsiness and ataxia was only 5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "drowsiness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "ataxia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postmarketing study of timolol - hydrochlorothiazide antihypertensive therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "hydrochlorothiazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A postmarketing surveillance study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of a fixed - ratio combination containing 10 mg of timolol maleate and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide , administered twice daily for one month to hypertensive patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "timolol maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "hydrochlorothiazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [166, 185]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [230, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data on 9 , 037 patients were collected by 1 , 455 participating physicians .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 25 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure declined 15 mmHg after one month of timolol - hydrochlorothiazide therapy ( P less than 0 . 01 , both comparisons ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "hydrochlorothiazide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Age , race , and sex appeared to have no influence on the decrease in blood pressure .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antihypertensive effect of the drug was greater in patients with more severe hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , 1 , 453 patients experienced a total of 2 , 658 adverse events , the most common being fatigue , dizziness , and weakness .", "entity": [{"entity": "fatigue", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 116]}, {"entity": "weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment in 590 patients was discontinued because of adverse events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Salicylate nephropathy in the Gunn rat : potential role of prostaglandins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Salicylate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined the potential role of prostaglandins in the development of analgesic nephropathy in the Gunn strain of rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The homozygous Gunn rats have unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to the absence of glucuronyl transferase , leading to marked bilirubin deposition in renal medulla and papilla .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperbilirubinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "glucuronyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "bilirubin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These rats are also highly susceptible to develop papillary necrosis with analgesic administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "papillary necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used homozygous ( jj ) and phenotypically normal heterozygous ( jJ ) animals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four groups of rats ( n = 7 ) were studied : jj and jJ rats treated either with aspirin 300 mg / kg every other day or sham - treated .", "entity": [{"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After one week , slices of cortex , outer and inner medulla from one kidney were incubated in buffer and prostaglandin synthesis was determined by radioimmunoassay .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other kidney was examined histologically .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A marked corticomedullary gradient of prostaglandin synthesis was observed in all groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PGE2 synthesis was significantly higher in outer medulla , but not cortex or inner medulla , of jj ( 38 + / - 6 ng / mg prot ) than jJ rats ( 15 + / - 3 ) ( p less than 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspirin treatment reduced PGE2 synthesis in all regions , but outer medullary PGE2 remained higher in jj ( 18 + / - 3 ) than jJ rats ( 9 + / - 2 ) ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "PGE2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PGF2 alpha was also significantly higher in the outer medulla of jj rats with and without aspirin administration ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PGF2 alpha", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The changes in renal prostaglandin synthesis were accompanied by evidence of renal damage in aspirin - treated jj but not jJ rats as evidenced by : increased incidence and severity of hematuria ( p less than 0 . 01 ) ; increased serum creatinine ( p less than 0 . 05 ) ; and increase in outer medullary histopathologic lesions ( p less than 0 . 005 compared to either sham - treated jj or aspirin - treated jJ ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "hematuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "creatinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [235, 245]}, {"entity": "aspirin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [389, 396]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that enhanced prostaglandin synthesis contributes to maintenance of renal function and morphological integrity , and that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may lead to pathological renal medullary lesions and deterioration of renal function .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 171]}, {"entity": "pathological renal medullary lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 230]}, {"entity": "deterioration of renal function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 266]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prophylactic lidocaine in the early phase of suspected myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four hundred two patients with suspected myocardial infarction seen within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms entered a double - blind randomized trial of lidocaine vs placebo .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1 hour after administration of the drug the incidence of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia among the 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction was low , 1 . 5 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 92]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 129]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lidocaine , given in a 300 mg dose intramuscularly followed by 100 mg intravenously , did not prevent sustained ventricular tachycardia , although there was a significant reduction in the number of patients with warning arrhythmias between 15 and 45 minutes after the administration of lidocaine ( p less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 135]}, {"entity": "arrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [286, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average plasma lidocaine level 10 minutes after administration for patients without a myocardial infarction was significantly higher than that for patients with an acute infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean plasma lidocaine level of patients on beta - blocking agents was no different from that in patients not on beta blocking agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the 1 - hour study period , the incidence of central nervous system side effects was significantly greater in the lidocaine group , hypotension occurred in 11 patients , nine of whom had received lidocaine , and four patients died from asystole , three of whom had had lidocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 150]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "asystole", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 251]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [276, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We cannot advocate the administration of lidocaine prophylactically in the early hours of suspected myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for a cholinergic role in haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments in mice tested previous evidence that activation of cholinergic systems promotes catalepsy and that cholinergic mechanisms need to be intact for full expression of neuroleptic - induced catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 187]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [198, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large doses of the cholinomimetic , pilocarpine , could induce catalepsy when peripheral cholinergic receptors were blocked .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low doses of pilocarpine caused a pronounced enhancement of the catalepsy that was induced by the dopaminergic blocker , haloperidol .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [121, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A muscarinic receptor blocker , atropine , disrupted haloperidol - induced catalepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intracranial injection of an acetylcholine - synthesis inhibitor , hemicholinium , prevented the catalepsy that is usually induced by haloperidol .", "entity": [{"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "hemicholinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest the hypothesis that the catalepsy that is produced by neuroleptics such as haloperidol is actually mediated by intrinsic central cholinergic systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "neuroleptics", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternatively , activation of central cholinergic systems could promote catalepsy by suppression of dopaminergic systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "catalepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypersensitivity to sodium pentobarbital induced by chronic barium chloride ingestion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cardiovascular dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "sodium pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 71]}, {"entity": "barium chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Barium - supplemented Long - Evans hooded rats were characterized by a persistent hypertension that was evident after 1 month of barium ( 100 micrograms / ml mineral fortified water ) treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of in vivo myocardial excitability , contractility , and metabolic characteristics at 16 months revealed other significant barium - induced disturbances within the cardiovascular system .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 138]}, {"entity": "disturbances within the cardiovascular system", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most distinctive aspect of the barium effect was a demonstrated hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to sodium pentobarbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 84]}, {"entity": "sodium pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Under barbiturate anesthesia , virtually all of the myocardial contractile indices were depressed significantly in barium - exposed rats relative to the corresponding control - fed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "barbiturate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lack of a similar response to ketamine and xylazine anesthesia revealed that the cardiovascular actions of sodium pentobarbital in barium - treated rats were linked specifically to this anesthetic , and were not representative of a generalized anesthetic response .", "entity": [{"entity": "ketamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "xylazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "sodium pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 131]}, {"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other myocardial pathophysiologic and metabolic changes induced by barium were manifest , irrespective of the anesthetic employed .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contractile element shortening velocity of the cardiac muscle fibers was significantly slower in both groups of barium - treated rats relative to the control groups , irrespective of the anesthetic regimen .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similarly , significant disturbances in myocardial energy metabolism were detected in the barium - exposed rats which were consistent with the reduced contractile element shortening velocity .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , the excitability of the cardiac conduction system was depressed preferentially in the atrioventricular nodal region of hearts from barium - exposed rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , the altered cardiac contractility and excitability characteristics , the myocardial metabolic disturbances , and the hypersensitivity of the cardiovascular system to sodium pentobarbital suggest the existence of a heretofore undescribed cardiomyopathic disorder induced by chronic barium exposure .", "entity": [{"entity": "metabolic disturbances", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 143]}, {"entity": "sodium pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 196]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathic disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [247, 271]}, {"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [291, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These experimental findings represent the first indication that life - long barium ingestion may have significant adverse effects on the mammalian cardiovascular system .", "entity": [{"entity": "barium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propranolol antagonism of phenylpropanolamine - induced hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "phenylpropanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylpropanolamine ( PPA ) overdose can cause severe hypertension , intracerebral hemorrhage , and death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenylpropanolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "overdose", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "intracerebral hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the efficacy and safety of propranolol in the treatment of PPA - induced hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Subjects received propranolol either by mouth for 48 hours before PPA or as a rapid intravenous infusion after PPA .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PPA , 75 mg alone , increased blood pressure ( 31 + / - 14 mm Hg systolic , 20 + / - 5 mm Hg diastolic ) , and propranolol pretreatment antagonized this increase ( 12 + / - 10 mm Hg systolic , 10 + / - 7 mm Hg diastolic ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous propranolol after PPA also decreased blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular function ( assessed by echocardiography ) showed that PPA increased the stroke volume 30 % ( from 62 . 5 + / - 20 . 9 to 80 . 8 + / - 22 . 4 ml ) , the ejection fraction 9 % ( from 64 % + / - 10 % to 70 % + / - 7 % ) , and cardiac output 14 % ( from 3 . 6 + / - 0 . 6 to 4 . 1 + / - 1 . 0 L / min ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 74]}, {"entity": "stroke", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous propranolol reversed these effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systemic vascular resistance was increased by PPA 28 % ( from 1710 + / - 200 to 2190 + / - 700 dyne X sec / cm5 ) and was further increased by propranolol 22 % ( to 2660 + / - 1200 dyne X sec / cm5 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that PPA increases blood pressure by increasing systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output , and that propranolol antagonizes this increase by reversing the effect of PPA on cardiac output .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 130]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "That propranolol antagonizes the pressor effect of PPA is in contrast to the interaction in which propranolol enhances the pressor effect of norepinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is probably because PPA has less beta 2 activity than does norepinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "PPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerular sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 43]}, {"entity": "aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "nephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The possible relationship between mesangial dysfunction and development of glomerular sclerosis was studied in the puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) model .", "entity": [{"entity": "mesangial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "glomerular sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 95]}, {"entity": "puromycin aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 140]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five male Wistar rats received repeated subcutaneous PAN injections ; five controls received saline only .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 4 weeks the PAN rats were severely proteinuric ( 190 + / - 80 mg / 24 hr ) , and all rats were given colloidal carbon ( CC ) intravenously .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "proteinuric", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "carbon", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 5 months glomerular sclerosis was found in 7 . 6 + / - 3 . 4 % of the glomeruli of PAN rats ; glomeruli of the controls were normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerular sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 32]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glomeruli of PAN rats contained significantly more CC than glomeruli of controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glomeruli with sclerosis contained significantly more CC than non - sclerotic glomeruli in the same kidneys .", "entity": [{"entity": "sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CC was preferentially localized within the sclerotic areas of the affected glomeruli .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since mesangial CC clearance from the mesangium did not change during chronic PAN treatment , we conclude that this preferential CC localization within the lesions is caused by an increased CC uptake shortly after injection in apparent vulnerable areas where sclerosis will develop subsequently .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [259, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cluster analysis showed a random distribution of lesions in the PAN glomeruli in concordance with the random localization of mesangial areas with dysfunction in this model .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar to the remnant kidney model in PAN nephrosis the development of glomerular sclerosis may be related to \" mesangial overloading . \"", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "nephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "glomerular sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Relationship between nicotine - induced seizures and hippocampal nicotinic receptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A controversy has existed for several years concerning the physiological relevance of the nicotinic receptor measured by alpha - bungarotoxin binding .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using mice derived from a classical F2 and backcross genetic design , a relationship between nicotine - induced seizures and alpha - bungarotoxin nicotinic receptor concentration was found .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice sensitive to the convulsant effects of nicotine had greater alpha - bungarotoxin binding in the hippocampus than seizure insensitive mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "nicotine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The binding sites from seizure sensitive and resistant mice were equally affected by treatment with dithiothreitol , trypsin or heat .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "dithiothreitol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus it appears that the difference between seizure sensitive and insensitive animals may be due to a difference in hippocampal nicotinic receptor concentration as measured with alpha - bungarotoxin binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of p - aminophenol in acetaminophen - induced nephrotoxicity : effect of bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate on acetaminophen and p - aminophenol nephrotoxicity and metabolism in Fischer 344 rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - aminophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 115]}, {"entity": "acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "p - aminophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 152]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acetaminophen ( APAP ) produces proximal tubular necrosis in Fischer 344 ( F344 ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Acetaminophen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , p - aminophenol ( PAP ) , a known potent nephrotoxicant , was identified as a metabolite of APAP in F344 rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "p - aminophenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to determine if PAP formation is a requisite step in APAP - induced nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 87]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the effect of bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate ( BNPP ) , an acylamidase inhibitor , on APAP and PAP nephrotoxicity and metabolism was determined .", "entity": [{"entity": "bis ( p - nitrophenyl ) phosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 59]}, {"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 113]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BNPP ( 1 to 8 mM ) reduced APAP deacetylation and covalent binding in F344 renal cortical homogenates in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pretreatment of animals with BNPP prior to APAP or PAP administration resulted in marked reduction of APAP ( 900 mg / kg ) nephrotoxicity but not PAP nephrotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 106]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 137]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 149]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This result was not due to altered disposition of either APAP or acetylated metabolites in plasma or renal cortical and hepatic tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rather , BNPP pretreatment reduced the fraction of APAP excreted as PAP by 64 and 75 % after APAP doses of 750 and 900 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BNPP did not alter the excretion of APAP or any of its non - deacetylated metabolites nor did BNPP alter excretion of PAP or its metabolites after PAP doses of 150 and 300 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 98]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [118, 121]}, {"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , the BNPP - induced reduction in APAP - induced nephrotoxicity appears to be due to inhibition of APAP deacetylation .", "entity": [{"entity": "BNPP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that PAP formation , in vivo , accounts , at least in part , for APAP - induced renal tubular necrosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "APAP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 85]}, {"entity": "renal tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Morphine - induced seizures in newborn infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two neonates suffered from generalized seizures during the course of intravenous morphine sulfate for post - operative analgesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "morphine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They received morphine in doses of 32 micrograms / kg / hr and 40 micrograms / kg / hr larger than a group of 10 neonates who received 6 - 24 micrograms / kg / hr and had no seizures .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma concentrations of morphine in these neonates was excessive ( 60 and 90 mg / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other known reasons for seizures were ruled out and the convulsions stopped a few hours after cessation of morphine and did not reoccur in the subsequent 8 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that post - operative intravenous morphine should not exceed 20 micrograms / kg / ml in neonates .", "entity": [{"entity": "morphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indomethacin induced hypotension in sodium and volume depleted rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After a single oral dose of 4 mg / kg indomethacin ( IDM ) to sodium and volume depleted rats plasma renin activity ( PRA ) and systolic blood pressure fell significantly within four hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "IDM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 56]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In sodium repleted animals indomethacin did not change systolic blood pressure ( BP ) although plasma renin activity was decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , indomethacin by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may diminish the blood pressure maintaining effect of the stimulated renin - angiotensin system in sodium and volume depletion .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 149]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the antiarrhythmic activity of one N - substituted piperazine derivative of trans - 2 - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydroanaphthalene .", "entity": [{"entity": "piperazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 64]}, {"entity": "trans - 2 - amino - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydroanaphthalene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The antiarrhythmic activity of the compound N - ( trans - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 2 - naphthyl ) - N - ( 3 - oxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - methylpropyl ) - piperazine hydrochloride , referred to as P11 , is studied on anaesthesized cats and Wistar albino rats , as well as on non - anaesthesized rabbits .", "entity": [{"entity": "N - ( trans - 3 - hydroxy - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 - tetrahydro - 2 - naphthyl ) - N - ( 3 - oxo - 3 - phenyl - 2 - methylpropyl ) - piperazine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 192]}, {"entity": "P11", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four types of experimental arrhythmia are used - - with BaCl2 , with chloroform - adrenaline , with strophantine G and with aconitine .", "entity": [{"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "BaCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 79]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 92]}, {"entity": "strophantine G", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 114]}, {"entity": "aconitine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound P11 is introduced in doses of 0 . 25 and 0 . 50 mg / kg intravenously and 10 mg / kg orally .", "entity": [{"entity": "P11", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The compound manifests antiarrhythmic activity in all models of experimental arrhythmia used , causing greatest inhibition on the arrhythmia induced by chloroform - adrenaline ( in 90 per cent ) and with BaCl2 ( in 84 per cent ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 140]}, {"entity": "chloroform", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 162]}, {"entity": "adrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 175]}, {"entity": "BaCl2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [204, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results obtained are associated with the beta - adrenoblocking and with the membrane - stabilizing action of the compound .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with aminocaproic acid therapy and acute renal artery thrombosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 33]}, {"entity": "aminocaproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "acute renal artery thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Case report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epsilon aminocaproic acid ( EACA ) has been used to prevent rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epsilon aminocaproic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "EACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "SAH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although this agent does decrease the frequency of rebleeding , several reports have described thrombotic complications of EACA therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 105]}, {"entity": "EACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These complications have included clinical deterioration and intracranial vascular thrombosis in patients with SAH , arteriolar and capillary fibrin thrombi in patients with fibrinolytic syndromes treated with EACA , or other thromboembolic phenomena .", "entity": [{"entity": "intracranial vascular thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 93]}, {"entity": "SAH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "thrombi", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 156]}, {"entity": "EACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 214]}, {"entity": "thromboembolic phenomena", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [226, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since intravascular fibrin thrombi are often observed in patients with fibrinolytic disorders , EACA should not be implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrin thrombi in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation or other \" consumption coagulopathies . \" This report describes subtotal infarction of the kidney due to thrombosis of a normal renal artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombi", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "EACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 100]}, {"entity": "thrombi", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "disseminated intravascular coagulation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 219]}, {"entity": "consumption coagulopathies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 257]}, {"entity": "infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [293, 303]}, {"entity": "thrombosis of a normal renal artery", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [325, 360]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This occlusion occurred after EACA therapy in a patient with SAH and histopathological documentation of recurrent SAH .", "entity": [{"entity": "EACA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "SAH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "SAH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding clinical event was characterized by marked hypertension and abrupt neurological deterioration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of vincristine sulfate on Pseudomonas infections in monkeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "vincristine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 29]}, {"entity": "Pseudomonas infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rhesus monkeys , intravenous challenge with 0 . 6 x 10 ( 10 ) to 2 . 2 x 10 ( 10 ) Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms caused acute illness of 4 to 5 days ' duration with spontaneous recovery in 13 of 15 monkeys ; blood cultures became negative 3 to 17 days after challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Leukocytosis was observed in all monkeys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Leukocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous or intratracheal inoculation of 2 . 0 to 2 . 5 mg of vincristine sulfate was followed by leukopenia in 4 to 5 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "vincristine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "leukopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intravenous inoculation of 4 . 2 x 10 ( 10 ) to 7 . 8 x 10 ( 10 ) pyocin type 6 Pseudomonas organisms in monkeys given vincristine sulfate 4 days previously resulted in fatal infection in 11 of 14 monkeys , whereas none of four receiving Pseudomonas alone died .", "entity": [{"entity": "vincristine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 138]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that an antimetabolite - induced leukopenia predisposes to severe Pseudomonas sepsis and that such monkeys may serve as a biological model for study of comparative efficacy of antimicrobial agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "sepsis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular effects of induced hypoglycaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "hypoglycaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cardiovascular effects of hypoglycaemia , with and without beta - blockade , were compared in fourteen healthy men .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoglycaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight received insulin alone , and eight , including two of the original insulin - only group , were given propranolol and insulin .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the insulin - group the period of hypoglycaemia was associated with an increase in heart - rate and a fall in diastolic blood - pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoglycaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the propranolol - insulin group there was a significant fall in heart - rate in most subjects and an increase in diastolic pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Typical S - T / T changes occurred in the insulin - group but in none of the propranolol - insulin group .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertension in diabetics prone to hypoglycaemia attacks should not be treated with beta - blockers because these drugs may cause a sharp rise in blood - pressure in such patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "diabetics", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "hypoglycaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term propranolol therapy in pregnancy : maternal and fetal outcome .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propranolol , a beta - adrenergic blocking agent , has found an important position in the practice of medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its use in pregnancy , however , is an open question as a number of detrimental side effects have been reported in the fetus and neonate .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten patients and 12 pregnancies are reported where chronic propranolol has been administered .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five patients with serial pregnancies with and without propranolol therapy are also examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal , fetal , and neonatal complications are examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An attempt is made to differentiate drug - related complications from maternal disease - - related complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that previously reported hypoglycemia , hyperbilirubinemia , polycythemia , neonatal apnea , and bradycardia are not invariable and cannot be statistically correlated with chronic propranolol therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoglycemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "hyperbilirubinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "polycythemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 85]}, {"entity": "neonatal apnea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 120]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth retardation , however , appears to be significant in both of our series .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth retardation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central excitatory actions of flurazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxic actions of flurazepam ( FZP ) were studied in cats , mice and rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "flurazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "High doses caused an apparent central excitation , most clearly seen as clonic convulsions , superimposed on general depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following a lethal dose , death was always associated with convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparing the relative sensitivity to central depression and excitation revealed that rats were least likely to have convulsions at doses that did not first cause loss of consciousness , while cats most clearly showed marked central excitatory actions .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "loss of consciousness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Signs of FZP toxocity in cats included excessive salivation , extreme apprehensive behavior , retching , muscle tremors and convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "toxocity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "salivation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "muscle tremors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 119]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An interaction between FZP and pentylenetetrazol ( PTZ ) was shown by pretreating mice with FZP before PTZ challenge .", "entity": [{"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "PTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "PTZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As a function of dose , FZP first protected against convulsions and death .", "entity": [{"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At higher doses , however , convulsions again emerged .", "entity": [{"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These doses of FZP were lower than those that would alone cause convulsions .", "entity": [{"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results may be relevant to the use of FZP in clinical situations in which there is increased neural excitability , such as epilepsy or sedative - hypnotic drug withdrawal .", "entity": [{"entity": "FZP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Use of propranolol in the treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension who had physiologic and biochemical evidence of severe autonomic dysfunction were included in the study .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They all exhibited markedly reduced plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in both recumbent and upright positions and had marked hypersensitivity to the pressor effects of infused norepinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "catecholamines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "hypersensitivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with propanolol administered intravenously ( 1 - 5 mg ) produced increases in supine and upright blood pressure in 4 of the 5 individuals with rises ranging from 11 / 6 to 22 / 11 mmHg .", "entity": [{"entity": "propanolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic oral administration of propranolol ( 40 - 160 mg / day ) also elevated the blood pressures of these individuals with increases in the order of 20 - 35 / 15 - 25 mmg being observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1 patient , marked hypertension was induced by propranolol and the drug had to be withdrawn .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It otherwise was well tolerated and no important side effects were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment has been continued in 3 individuals for 6 - 13 months with persistence of the pressor effect , although there appears to have been some decrease in the degree of response with time .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemodynamic measurements in 1 of the patients demonstrated an increase in total peripheral resistance and essentially no change in cardiac output following propranolol therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The studies suggest that propranolol is a useful drug in selected patients with severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "idiopathic orthostatic hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total intravenous anesthesia with etomidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "III .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Some observations in adults .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An investigation was undertaken to determine the dosage of etomidate required to maintain sleep in adults undergoing surgery under regional local anesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Premedication of diazepam 10 mg and atropine 0 . 5 mg was given , and sleep was induced and maintained by intermittent intravenous injections of etomidate 0 . 1 / mg / kg , given whenever the patient would open his eyes on request .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mean overall dose of etomidate 17 . 4 microgram / kg / min . was required to maintain sleep , but great individual variation occurred , with older patients requiring less drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The investigation was discontinued after 18 patients because of the frequency and intensity of side - effects , particularly pain and myoclonia , which caused the technique to be abandoned in two cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 129]}, {"entity": "myoclonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is considered unlikely that etomidate will prove to be the hypnotic of choice for a totally intravenous anesthetic technique in adults because of the high incidence of myoclonia after prolonged administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "myoclonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In several patients uncontrollable muscle movements persisted for many minutes after complete recovery of consciousness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for cardiac beta 2 - adrenoceptors in man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared the effects of single doses of 50 mg atenolol ( cardioselective ) , 40 mg propranolol ( nonselective ) , and placebo on both exercise - and isoproterenol - induced tachycardia in two experiments involving nine normal subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "atenolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 97]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximal exercise heart rate was reduced from 187 + / - 4 ( SEM ) after placebo to 146 + / - 7 bpm after atenolol and 138 + / - 6 bpm after propranolol , but there were no differences between the drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "atenolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects on isoproterenol tachycardia were determined before and after atropine ( 0 . 04 mg / kg IV ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoproterenol sensitivity was determined as the intravenous dose that increased heart rate by 25 bpm ( CD25 ) and this was increased from 1 . 8 + / - 0 . 3 micrograms after placebo to 38 . 9 + / - 8 . 3 micrograms after propranolol and 8 . 3 + / - 1 . 7 micrograms after atenolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 231]}, {"entity": "atenolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [271, 279]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The difference in the effects of the two was significant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After atropine the CD25 was unchanged after placebo ( 2 . 3 + / - 0 . 3 micrograms ) and atenolol ( 7 . 7 + / - 1 . 3 micrograms ) ; it was reduced after propranolol ( 24 . 8 + / - 5 . 0 micrograms ) , but remained different from atenolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "atenolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [154, 165]}, {"entity": "atenolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This change with propranolol sensitivity was calculated as the apparent Ka , this was unchanged by atropine ( 11 . 7 + / - 2 . 1 and 10 . 1 + / - 2 . 5 ml / ng ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data are consistent with the hypothesis that exercise - induced tachycardia results largely from beta 1 - receptor activation that is blocked by both cardioselective and nonselective drugs , whereas isoproterenol activates both beta 1 - and beta 2 - receptors so that after cardioselective blockade there remains a beta 2 - component that can be blocked with a nonselective drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While there appear to be beta 2 - receptors in the human heart , their physiologic or pathologic roles remain to be defined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hormones and risk of breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This paper reports the results of a study of 50 menopausal women receiving hormonal replacement therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority ( 29 ) had surgical menopause ; their mean age was 45 . 7 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was hypothesized that progestins could equilibrate the effects of the estrogenic stimulation on the mammary and endometrial target tissues of women on hormonal replacement therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "progestins", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment schedule consisted of conjugated estrogens ( Premarin ) 1 . 25 mg / day for 21 days and Medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg / day for 10 days in each month .", "entity": [{"entity": "conjugated estrogens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "Premarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "Medroxyprogesterone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mean treatment period was 18 months .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the follow - up period , attention was paid to breast modifications as evidenced by symptomatology , physical examination , and plate thermography .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mastodynia was reported by 21 patients , and physical examination revealed a light increase in breast firmness in 12 women and a moderate increase in breast nodularity in 2 women .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mastodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Themography confirmed the existence of an excessive breast stimulation in 1 women who complained of moderate mastodynia and in 5 of the 7 women who complained of severe mastodynia .", "entity": [{"entity": "mastodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "mastodynia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normalization was obtained by halving the estrogen dose .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that hormonal replacement therapy can be safely prescribed if the following criteria are satisfied : 1 ) preliminary evaluation of patients from a clinical , metabolic , cytologic , and mammographic perspective ; 2 ) cyclic treatment schedule , with a progestative phase of 10 days ; and 3 ) periodic complete follow - up , with accurate thermographic evaluation of the breast target tissues .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Early infections in kidney , heart , and liver transplant recipients on cyclosporine .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty - one renal , seventeen heart , and twenty - four liver transplant patients were followed for infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventeen renal patients received azathioprine ( Aza ) and prednisone as part of a randomized trial of immunosuppression with 21 cyclosporine - and - prednisone - treated renal transplant patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [150, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All others received cyclosporine and prednisone .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "prednisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The randomized Aza patients had more overall infections ( P less than 0 . 05 ) and more nonviral infections ( P less than 0 . 02 ) than the randomized cyclosporine patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heart and liver patients had more infections than cyclosporine renal patients but fewer infections than the Aza renal patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no infectious deaths in renal transplant patients on cyclosporine or Aza , but infection played a major role in 3 out of 6 cardiac transplant deaths and in 8 out of 9 liver transplant deaths .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 83]}, {"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Renal patients on cyclosporine had the fewest bacteremias .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "bacteremias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of site of infection showed a preponderance of abdominal infections in liver patients , intrathoracic infections in heart patients , and urinary tract infections in renal patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "abdominal infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "urinary tract infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary infections were less common in cyclosporine - treated renal patients than in Aza - treated patients ( P less than 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aza patients had significantly more staphylococcal infections than all other transplant groups ( P less than 0 . 005 ) , and systemic fungal infections occurred only in the liver transplant group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "staphylococcal infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 61]}, {"entity": "fungal infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) shedding or serological rises in antibody titer , or both occurred in 78 % of cyclosporine patients and 76 % of Aza patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 114]}, {"entity": "Aza", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the cyclosporine patients , 15 % had symptoms related to CMV infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "CMV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serological evidence for Epstein Barr Virus infection was found in 20 % of 65 cyclosporine patients studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epstein Barr Virus infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 53]}, {"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three had associated symptoms , and one developed a lymphoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Structure - activity and dose - effect relationships of the antagonism of picrotoxin - induced seizures by cholecystokinin , fragments and analogues of cholecystokinin in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 103]}, {"entity": "cholecystokinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 122]}, {"entity": "cholecystokinin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraperitoneal administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulphate ester ( CCK - 8 - SE ) and nonsulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide ( CCK - 8 - NS ) enhanced the latency of seizures induced by picrotoxin in mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholecystokinin octapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "cholecystokinin octapeptide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 138]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [180, 188]}, {"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments with N - and C - terminal fragments revealed that the C - terminal tetrapeptide ( CCK - 5 - 8 ) was the active centre of the CCK octapeptide molecule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analogues CCK - 8 - SE and CCK - 8 - NS ( dose range 0 . 2 - 6 . 4 mumol / kg ) and caerulein dose range 0 . 1 - 0 . 8 mumol / kg ) showed bell - shaped dose - effect curves , with the greatest maximum inhibition for CCK - 8 - NS .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "caerulein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [221, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The peptide CCK - 5 - 8 had weak anticonvulsant activity in comparison to the octapeptides , 3 . 2 mumol / kg and larger doses of the reference drug , diazepam , totally prevented picrotoxin - induced seizures and mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The maximum effect of the peptides tested was less than that of diazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experiments with analogues and derivatives of CCK - 5 - 8 demonstrated that the effectiveness of the beta - alanyl derivatives of CCK - 5 - 8 were enhanced and that they were equipotent with CCK - 8 - SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the CCK - 2 - 8 analogues , Ser ( SO3H ) 7 - Ac - CCK - 2 - 8 - SE and Thr ( SO3H ) 7 - Ac - CCK - 2 - 8 - SE and Hyp ( SO3H ) - Ac - CCK - 2 - 8 - SE were slightly more active than CCK - 8 - SE .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCK - 8", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasopressin as a possible contributor to hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of vasopressin as a pressor agent to the hypertensive process was examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Vasopressin plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DOCA - salt hypertension , since the elevation of blood pressure was not substantial in the rats with lithium - treated diabetes insipidus after DOCA - salt treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 192]}, {"entity": "DOCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of DDAVP which has antidiuretic action but minimal vasopressor effect failed to increase blood pressure to the levels observed after administration of AVP .", "entity": [{"entity": "DDAVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the pressor action of vasopressin appears to be important in the development of this model of hypertension , since the enhanced pressor responsiveness to the hormone was observed in the initial stage of hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased secretion of vasopressin from neurohypophysis also promotes the function of the hormone as a pathogenetic factor in hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An unproportional release of vasopressin compared to plasma osmolality may be induced by the absence of an adjusting control of angiotensin II forming and receptor binding capacity for sodium balance in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "angiotensin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [185, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the role of vasopressin remains to be determined in human essential hypertension .", "entity": [{"entity": "vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxic hepatitis induced by disulfiram in a non - alcoholic .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toxic hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "disulfiram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A reversible toxic liver damage was observed in a non - alcoholic woman treated with disulfiram .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxic liver damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "disulfiram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The causative relationship was proven by challenge .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atrial thrombosis involving the heart of F - 344 rats ingesting quinacrine hydrochloride .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atrial thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "quinacrine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quinacrine hydrochloride is toxic for the heart of F - 344 rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "Quinacrine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats treated with 500 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride in the diet all developed a high incidence of left atrial thrombosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinacrine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "atrial thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lesion was associated with cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation and focal myocardial degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "myocardial degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats died from cardiac hypertrophy with severe acute and chronic congestion of the lungs , liver , and other organs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventy percent of rats given 250 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride and 1 , 000 ppm sodium nitrite simultaneously in the diet had thrombosis of the atria of the heart , while untreated control rats in this laboratory did not have atrial thrombosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinacrine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 62]}, {"entity": "sodium nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 93]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "atrial thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [225, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sodium nitrite in combination with quinacrine hydrochloride appeared to have no additional effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sodium nitrite", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "quinacrine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial block induced by propranolol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alternating sinus rhythm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "sinoatrial block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial ( S - A ) block was observed in a 57 - year - old woman , under treatment for angina with 80 mg propranolol daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alternating sinus rhythm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "sinoatrial ( S - A ) block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "angina", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The electrocardiogram showed alternation of long and short P - P intervals and occasional pauses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These pauses were always preceded by the short P - P intervals and were usually followed by one or two P - P intervals of 0 . 92 - 0 . 95 s representing the basic sinus cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Following these basic sinus cycles , alternating rhythm started with the longer P - P interval .", "entity": [{"entity": "alternating rhythm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The long P - P intervals ranged between 1 . 04 - 1 . 12 s and the short P - P intervals between 0 . 80 - 0 . 84 s , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The duration of the pauses were equal or almost equal to one short plus one long P - P interval or to twice the basic sinus cycle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one recording a short period of regular sinus rhythm with intermittent 2 / 1 S - A block was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - A block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This short period of sinus rhythm was interrupted by sudden prolongation of the P - P interval starting the alternative rhythm .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were small changes in the shape of the P waves and P - R intervals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S - A conduction through two pathways , the first with 2 / 1 block the second having 0 . 12 - 0 . 14 s longer conduction time and with occasional 2 / 1 block was proposed for the explanation of the alternating P - P interval and other electrocardiographic features seen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Atropine 1 mg given intravenously resulted in shortening of all P - P intervals without changing the rhythm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abnormal rhythm disappeared with the withdrawal of propranolol and when the drug was restarted a 2 / 1 S - A block was seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "S - A block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was accepted as evidence for propranolol being the cause of this conduction disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "conduction disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitumor effect , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin in the IgM solid immunocytoma - bearing LOU / M / WSL rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "immunocytoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antitumor activity , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin were studied in LOU / M / WSL inbred rats each bearing a transplantable solid IgM immunocytoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "immunocytoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals with a tumor ( diameter , 15 . 8 + / - 3 . 3 mm ) were treated with iv injections of doxorubicin on 5 consecutive days , followed by 1 weekly injection for 7 weeks ( dose range , 0 . 015 - 4 . 0 mg / kg body wt ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Tumor regression was observed with 0 . 5 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete disappearance of the tumor was induced with 1 . 0 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Histologic evidence of cardiotoxicity scored as grade III was only observed at a dose of 1 . 0 mg doxorubicin / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Light microscopic evidence of renal damage was seen above a dose of 0 . 5 mg doxorubicin / kg , which resulted in albuminuria and very low serum albumin levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "albuminuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the group that received 1 . 0 mg doxorubicin / kg , the serum albumin level decreased from 33 . 6 + / - 4 . 1 to 1 . 5 + / - 0 . 5 g / liter .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ascites and hydrothorax were observed simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ascites", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "hydrothorax", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same experiments were performed with non - tumor - bearing rats , in which no major differences were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , antitumor activity , cardiotoxicity , and nephrotoxicity were studied simultaneously in the same LOU / M / WSL rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Albuminuria due to renal damage led to extremely low serum albumin levels , so ascites and hydrothorax were not necessarily a consequence of the observed cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albuminuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "ascites", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "hydrothorax", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraoperative bradycardia and hypotension associated with timolol and pilocarpine eye drops .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 69 - yr - old man , who was concurrently being treated with pilocarpine nitrate and timolol maleate eye drops , developed a bradycardia and became hypotensive during halothane anaesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine nitrate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 81]}, {"entity": "timolol maleate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 137]}, {"entity": "hypotensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 160]}, {"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both timolol and pilocarpine were subsequently identified in a 24 - h collection of urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Timolol ( but not pilocarpine ) was detected in a sample of plasma removed during surgery ; the plasma concentration of timolol ( 2 . 6 ng ml - 1 ) was consistent with partial beta - adrenoceptor blockade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "timolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [120, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is postulated that this action may have been enhanced during halothane anaesthesia with resultant bradycardia and hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 112]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilocarpine may have had a contributory effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Succinylcholine apnoea : attempted reversal with anticholinesterases .", "entity": [{"entity": "Succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "apnoea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anticholinesterases were administered in an attempt to antagonize prolonged neuromuscular blockade following the administration of succinylcholine in a patient later found to be homozygous for atypical plasma cholinesterase .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuromuscular blockade", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 98]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Edrophonium 10 mg , given 74 min after succinylcholine , when train - of - four stimulation was characteristic of phase II block , produced partial antagonism which was not sustained .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edrophonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Repeated doses of edrophonium to 70 mg and neostigmine to 2 . 5 mg did not antagonize or augment the block .", "entity": [{"entity": "edrophonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "neostigmine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Spontaneous respiration recommenced 200 min after succinylcholine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that anticholinesterases are only partially effective in restoring neuromuscular function in succinylcholine apnoea despite muscle twitch activity typical of phase II block .", "entity": [{"entity": "succinylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "apnoea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of doxorubicin on [ omega - I - 131 ] heptadecanoic acid myocardial scintigraphy and echocardiography in dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "[ omega - I - 131 ] heptadecanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of serial treatment with doxorubicin on dynamic myocardial scintigraphy with [ omega - I - 131 ] heptadecanoic acid ( I - 131 HA ) , and on global left - ventricular function determined echocardiographically , were studied in a group of nine mongrel dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "[ omega - I - 131 ] heptadecanoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 127]}, {"entity": "I - 131 HA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total extractable myocardial lipid was compared postmortem between a group of control dogs and doxorubicin - treated dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant and then progressive fall in global LV function was observed at a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 4 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant increase in the myocardial t1 / 2 of the I - 131 HA was observed only at a higher cumulative dose , 10 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "I - 131 HA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No significant alteration in total extractable myocardial lipids was observed between control dogs and those treated with doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings suggest that the changes leading to an alteration of myocardial dynamic imaging with I - 131 HA are not the initiating factor in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "I - 131 HA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 108]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism under deliberate hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An experimental study in dogs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coronary blood flow , cardiac work and metabolism were studied in dogs under sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) and trimetaphan ( TMP ) deliberate hypotension ( 20 % and 40 % mean pressure decrease from baseline ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 97]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "trimetaphan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "TMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 127]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Regarding the effects of drug - induced hypotension on coronary blood flow , aortic and coronary sinus metabolic data ( pH , pO2 , pCO2 ) we could confirm that nitroprusside hypotension could be safely used to 30 % mean blood pressure decrease from control , trimetaphan hypotension to 20 % mean blood pressure decrease .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 185]}, {"entity": "trimetaphan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [259, 270]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [271, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac work was significantly reduced during SNP hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myocardial O2 consumption and O2 availability were directly dependent on the coronary perfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "O2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful invasive monitoring of the blood pressure , blood gases and of the ECG ST - T segment is mandatory .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Evidence for a selective brain noradrenergic involvement in the locomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Male rats received the noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 ( 50 mg / kg ) 7 days prior to injection of D - amphetamine ( 10 or 40 mumol / kg i . p . ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "DSP4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "D - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hyperactivity induced by D - amphetamine ( 10 mumol / kg ) was significantly reduced by DSP4 pretreatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "D - amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "DSP4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the increased rearings and the amphetamine - induced stereotypies were not blocked by pretreatment with DSP4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "stereotypies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "DSP4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduction of amphetamine hyperactivity induced by DSP4 was blocked by pretreatment with the noradrenaline - uptake blocking agent , desipramine , which prevents the neurotoxic action of DSP4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "hyperactivity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "DSP4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "noradrenaline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "desipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 147]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "DSP4", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present results suggest a selective involvement of central noradrenergic neurones in the locomotor stimulant effect of amphetamine in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "amphetamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accelerated junctional rhythms during oral verapamil therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Accelerated junctional rhythms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study examined the frequency of atrioventricular ( AV ) dissociation and accelerated junctional rhythms in 59 patients receiving oral verapamil .", "entity": [{"entity": "accelerated junctional rhythms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 108]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Accelerated junctional rhythms and AV dissociation were frequent in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias , particularly AV nodal reentry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Accelerated junctional rhythms", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "supraventricular tachyarrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Verapamil administration to these patients led to an asymptomatic increase in activity of these junctional pacemakers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients with various chest pain syndromes , verapamil neither increased the frequency of junctional rhythms nor suppressed their role as escape rhythms under physiologically appropriate circumstances .", "entity": [{"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interstrain variation in acute toxic response to caffeine among inbred mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute toxic dosage - dependent behavioral effects of caffeine were compared in adult males from seven inbred mouse strains ( A / J , BALB / cJ , CBA / J , C3H / HeJ , C57BL / 6J , DBA / 2J , SWR / J ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C57BL / 6J , chosen as a \" prototypic \" mouse strain , was used to determine behavioral responses to a broad range ( 5 - 500 mg / kg ) of caffeine doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five phenotypic characteristics - - locomotor activity , righting ability , clonic seizure induction , stress - induced lethality , death without external stress - - were scored at various caffeine doses in drug - naive animals under empirically optimized , rigidly constant experimental conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonic seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [189, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice ( n = 12 for each point ) received single IP injections of a fixed volume / g body weight of physiological saline carrier with or without caffeine in doses ranging from 125 - 500 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Loss of righting ability was scored at 1 , 3 , 5 min post dosing and at 5 min intervals thereafter for 20 min .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the same animals the occurrence of clonic seizures was scored as to time of onset and severity for 20 min after drug administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonic seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When these proceeded to tonic seizures , death occurred in less than 20 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonic seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals surviving for 20 min were immediately stressed by a swim test in 25 degrees C water , and death - producing tonic seizures were scored for 2 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonic seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In other animals locomotor activity was measured 15 or 60 min after caffeine administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By any single behavioral criterion or a combination of these criteria , marked differences in response to toxic caffeine doses were observed between strains .", "entity": [{"entity": "caffeine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that behavioral toxicity testing of alkylxanthines in a single mouse strain may be misleading and suggest that toxic responses of the central nervous system to this class of compounds are genetically influenced in mammals .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "alkylxanthines", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment of ovarian cancer with a combination of cis - platinum , adriamycin , cyclophosphamide and hexamethylmelamine .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "cis - platinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 96]}, {"entity": "hexamethylmelamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the last 2 1 / 2 years , 38 patients with ovarian cancer were treated with a combination of cisplatinum ( CPDD ) , 50 mg / m2 , adriamycin , 30 mg / m2 , cyclophosphamide , 300 mg / m2 , on day 1 ; and hexamethylmelamine ( HMM ) , 6 mg / kg daily , for 14 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "cisplatinum", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "CPDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "adriamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 145]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 177]}, {"entity": "hexamethylmelamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [209, 227]}, {"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [230, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Each course was repeated monthly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 patients had stage II , 14 stage III and 22 stage IV disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "14 of the 38 patients were previously treated with chemotherapy , 1 with radiation , 6 with both chemotherapy and radiation , and 17 did not have any treatment before CPDD combination .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [167, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "31 of the 38 cases ( 81 . 5 % ) demonstrated objective responses lasting for 2 months or more .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These responses were partial in 19 and complete in 12 cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hematologic toxicity was moderate and with reversible anemia developing in 71 % of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hematologic toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gastrointestinal side effects from CPDD were universal .", "entity": [{"entity": "CPDD", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HMM gastrointestinal toxicity necessitated discontinuation of the drug in 5 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "HMM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "gastrointestinal toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe nephrotoxicity was observed in 2 patients but was reversible .", "entity": [{"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no drug - related deaths .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery .", "entity": [{"entity": "dissecting aneurysm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery in association with hypertension , smoke , and oral contraceptives is reported in a young female patient with a locked - in syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "dissecting aneurysm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "oral contraceptives", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "locked - in syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [177, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A method for the measurement of tremor , and a comparison of the effects of tocolytic beta - mimetics .", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A method permitting measurement of finger tremor as a displacement - time curve is described , using a test system with simple amplitude calibration .", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The coordinates of the inversion points of the displacement - time curves were transferred through graphical input equipment to punched tape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of a computer program , periods and amplitudes of tremor oscillations were calculated and classified .", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The event frequency for each class of periods and amplitudes was determined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The actions of fenoterol - hydrobromide , ritodrin - HCl and placebo given to 10 healthy subjects by intravenous infusion in a double - blind crossover study were tested by this method .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenoterol - hydrobromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "ritodrin - HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At therapeutic doses both substances raised the mean tremor amplitude to about three times the control level .", "entity": [{"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At the same time , the mean period within each class of amplitudes shortened by 10 - - 20 ms , whereas the mean periods calculated from all oscillations together did not change significantly .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the end of fenoterol - hydrobromide infusion , tremor amplitudes decreased significantly faster than those following ritodrin - HCl infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "fenoterol - hydrobromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 41]}, {"entity": "tremor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "ritodrin - HCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Propylthiouracil - induced hepatic damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "Propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "hepatic damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two cases of propylthiouracil - induced liver damage have been observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "propylthiouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "liver damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first case is of an acute type of damage , proven by rechallenge ; the second presents a clinical and histologic picture resembling chronic active hepatitis , with spontaneous remission .", "entity": [{"entity": "chronic active hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on the bradycardia induced by bepridil .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bepridil , a novel active compound for prophylactic treatment of anginal attacks , induced persistent bradycardia and a non - specific anti - tachycardial effect , the mechanisms of which were investigated in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "anginal attacks", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "bradycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 113]}, {"entity": "tachycardial", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro perfusion of bepridil in the life - support medium for isolated sino - atrial tissue from rabbit heart , caused a reduction in action potential ( AP ) spike frequency ( recorded by KCl microelectrodes ) starting at doses of 5 X 10 ( - 6 ) M .", "entity": [{"entity": "bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "KCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect was dose - dependent up to concentrations of 5 X 10 ( - 5 ) M , whereupon blockade of sinus activity set in .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bepridil at a dose of 5 X 10 ( - 6 ) M , induced a concomitant reduction in AP amplitude ( falling from 71 + / - 8 mV to 47 + / - 6 mV ) , maximum systolic depolarization velocity ( phase 0 ) which fell from 1 . 85 + / - 0 . 35 V / s to 0 . 84 + / - 0 . 28 V / s , together with maximum diastolic depolarization velocity ( phase 4 ) which fell from 38 + / - 3 mV / s to 24 + / - 5 mV / s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vivo injection of bepridil at a dose of 5 mg / kg ( i . v . ) into 6 anaesthetized dogs which had undergone ablation of all the extrinsic cardiac afferent nerve supply , together with a bilateral medullo - adrenalectomy , caused a marked reduction in heart rate which fell from 98 . 7 + / - 4 . 2 beats / min to 76 + / - 5 . 3 beats / min sustained for more than 45 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is concluded that bepridil reduces heart rate by acting directly on the sinus node .", "entity": [{"entity": "bepridil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect , which results in a flattening of the phase 0 and phase 4 slope , together with a longer AP duration , may be due to an increase in the time constants of slow inward ionic currents ( already demonstrated elsewhere ) , but also to an increased time constant for deactivation of the outward potassium current ( Ip ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [302, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatitis and renal tubular acidosis after anesthesia with methoxyflurane .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hepatitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "renal tubular acidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 36]}, {"entity": "methoxyflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 69 - year - old man operated for acute cholecystitis under methoxyflurane anesthesia developed postoperatively a hepatic insufficiency syndrome and renal tubular acidosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute cholecystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "methoxyflurane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "hepatic insufficiency syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 145]}, {"entity": "renal tubular acidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Massive bleeding appeared during surgery which lasted for six hours .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Postoperative evolution under supportive therapy was favourable .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete recovery was confirmed by repeated controls performed over a period of one year after surgery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pituitary response to luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone during haloperidol - induced hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of a 6 - hour infusion with haloperidol on serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone ( LH ) levels was studied in a group of male subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five hours after starting the infusions , a study of the pituitary responses to LH - releasing hormone ( LH - RH ) was carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Control patients received infusions of 0 . 9 % NaCl solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the course of haloperidol infusions , significant hyperprolactinemia was found , together with an abolished pituitary response to LH - RH , as compared with responses of control subjects .", "entity": [{"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antirifampicin antibodies in acute rifampicin - associated renal failure .", "entity": [{"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 patients with acute renal failure ( 3 with thrombopenia and hemolysis ) induced by the reintroduction of rifampicin are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "thrombopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 57]}, {"entity": "hemolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "rifampicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No correlation was found between the severity of clinical manifestations and the total dose taken by the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all but 1 patient , antirifampicin antibodies were detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Antibodies suggested to be of the IgM class were detected in all 3 patients with hematological disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematological disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pattern of non - specific acute tubular necrosis found in the 2 biopsied patients , indistinguishable from that of ischemic origin , raised the possibility of a vascular - mediated damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute tubular necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 3 patients , the possibility of a triggering immunoallergic mechanism is discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiovascular effects of hypotension induced by adenosine triphosphate and sodium nitroprusside on dogs with denervated hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 71]}, {"entity": "sodium nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) and sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) are administered to patients to induce and control hypotension during anesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "sodium nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 55]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SNP is authorized for clinical use in USA and UK , and ATP is clinically used in other countries such as Japan .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated how these two drugs act on the cardiovascular systems of 20 dogs whose hearts had been denervated by a procedure we had devised .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATP ( 10 dogs ) or SNP ( 10 dogs ) was administered to reduce mean arterial pressure by 30 % to 70 % of control .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Before , during and after induced hypotension , we measured major cardiovascular parameters .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypotension induced by ATP was accompanied by significant decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , central venous pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , left ventricular end - diastolic pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , total peripheral resistance ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , rate pressure product ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , total body oxygen consumption ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , and heart rate ( p less than 0 . 001 ) ; all these variables returned normal within 30 min after ATP was stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [361, 367]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [502, 505]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cardiac output did not change .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During hypotension produced by SNP similar decreases were observed in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( p less than 0 . 01 ) , central venous pressure ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , left ventricular end - diastolic pressure ( p less than 0 . 01 ) , total peripheral resistance ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , rate pressure product ( p less than 0 . 001 ) , and oxygen content difference between arterial and mixed venous blood ( p less than 0 . 05 ) , while heart rate ( p less than 0 . 001 ) and cardiac output ( p less than 0 . 05 ) were increased .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [351, 357]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recoveries of heart rate and left ventricular end - diastolic pressure were not shown within 60 min after SNP had been stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both ATP and SNP should act on the pacemaker tissue of the heart .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparative study : Endografine ( diatrizoate ) , Vasurix polyvidone ( acetrizoate ) , Dimer - X ( iocarmate ) and Hexabrix ( ioxaglate ) in hysterosalpingography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endografine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "diatrizoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "Vasurix polyvidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "acetrizoate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Dimer - X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "iocarmate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "Hexabrix", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "ioxaglate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Side effects of hysterosalpingography with Dimer - X , Hexabrix , Vasurix polyvidone and Endografine in 142 consecutive patients , receiving one of the four tested media were evaluated from replies to postal questionnaires .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimer - X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "Hexabrix", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Vasurix polyvidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 84]}, {"entity": "Endografine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Dimer - X group had a higher incidence of nausea and dizziness .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dimer - X", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "dizziness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Endografine group had a higher incidence of abdominal pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Endografine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "abdominal pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These differences occur especially in the age groups under 30 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hexabrix and Vasurix polyvidone are considered the best contrast media for hysterosalpingography and perhaps because of its low toxicity Hexabrix should be preferred .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hexabrix", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Vasurix polyvidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "contrast media", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 136]}, {"entity": "Hexabrix", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Post - suxamethonium pains in Nigerian surgical patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "pains", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to an earlier report by Coxon , scoline pain occurs in African negroes .", "entity": [{"entity": "scoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Its incidence was determined in a prospective study involving a total of 100 Nigerian patients ( 50 out - patients and 50 in - patients ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 62 % of the out - patients developed scoline pain as compared with about 26 % among the in - patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "scoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The abolition of muscle fasciculations ( by 0 . 075mg / kg dose of Fazadinium ) did not influence the occurrence of scoline pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "fasciculations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Fazadinium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "scoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither the type of induction agent ( Althesin or Thiopentone ) nor the salt preparation of suxamethonium used ( chloride or bromide ) , affected the incidence of scoline pain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Althesin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "Thiopentone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "chloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "bromide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "scoline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis following cyclophosphamide therapy for nonmalignant disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma of the renal pelvis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 38]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 47 - year - old woman with right hydroureteronephrosis due to ureterovesical junction obstruction had gross hematuria after being treated for five years wtih cyclophosphamide for cerebral vasculitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroureteronephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "hematuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 119]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 176]}, {"entity": "cerebral vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A right nephroureterectomy was required for control of bleeding .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathology specimen contained clinically occult invasive carcinoma of the renal pelvis .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma of the renal pelvis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the ability of cyclophosphamide to cause hemorrhagic cystitis and urine cytologic abnormalities indistinguishable from high grade carcinoma is well known , it is less widely appreciated that it is also associated with carcinoma of the urinary tract .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 70]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "carcinoma of the urinary tract", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty carcinomas of the urinary bladder and one carcinoma of the prostate have been reported in association with its use .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinomas of the urinary bladder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 40]}, {"entity": "carcinoma of the prostate", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present case is the first carcinoma of the renal pelvis reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "carcinoma of the renal pelvis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 59]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is the third urinary tract cancer reported in association with cyclophosphamide treatment for nonmalignant disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "urinary tract cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The association of the tumor with preexisting hydroureteronephrosis suggests that stasis prolonged and intensified exposure of upper urinary tract epithelium to cyclophosphamide .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "hydroureteronephrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients who are candidates for long - term cyclophosphamide treatment should be routinely evaluated for obstructive uropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "obstructive uropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Medial changes in arterial spasm induced by L - norepinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "L - norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal rats , the media of small arteries ( 0 . 4 - - 0 . 2 mm in diameter ) previously was shown to contain intracellular vacuoles , identified ultrastructurally as herniations of one smooth muscle cell into another .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothesis that intense vasoconstriction would increase the number of such vacuoles has been tested .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the media of the saphenous artery and its distal branch , vasoconstriction induced by L - norepinephrine produced many cell - to - cell hernias within 15 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 107]}, {"entity": "hernias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "At 1 day their number was reduced to about 1 / 10 of the original number .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By 7 days the vessel was almost restored to normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Triple stimulation over 1 day induced more severe changes in the media .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that smooth muscle cells are susceptible to damage in the course of their specific function .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The experimental data are discussed in relation to medial changes observed in other instances of arterial spasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Endothelial changes that developed in the same experimental model were described in a previous paper .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion following the injection of long - acting corticosteroid suspensions in combination with other drugs : I .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 55]}, {"entity": "corticosteroid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two well - documented cases of bilateral retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusions with blindness following head and neck soft - tissue injection with methylprednisolone acetate in combination with lidocaine , epinephrine , or penicillin are reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal artery and choriocapillaris occlusions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 87]}, {"entity": "blindness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "methylprednisolone acetate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 182]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 212]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 226]}, {"entity": "penicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [232, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One case had only a unilateral injection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The acute observations included hazy sensorium , superior gaze palsy , pupillary abnormalities , and conjunctival hemorrhages with edema .", "entity": [{"entity": "palsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "pupillary abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 94]}, {"entity": "hemorrhages", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 125]}, {"entity": "edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Follow - up changes showed marked visual loss , constricted visual fields , optic nerve pallor , vascular attenuation , and chorioretinal atrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "visual loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "chorioretinal atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The literature is reviewed , and possible causes are discussed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormalities of the pupil and visual - evoked potential in quinine amblyopia .", "entity": [{"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 67]}, {"entity": "amblyopia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response , denervation supersensitivity , and abnormal visual - evoked potentials developed in a 54 - year - old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps .", "entity": [{"entity": "blindness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "tonic pupillary", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "quinine sulfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 198]}, {"entity": "leg cramps", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He later recovered normal visual acuity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transient tonic pupillary response , denervation supersensitivity , and abnormal visual - evoked potentials in quinine toxicity , to our knowledge , have not been previously reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "tonic pupillary", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "quinine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 120]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Suxamethonium - induced jaw stiffness and myalgia associated with atypical cholinesterase : case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "jaw stiffness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An 11 - year - old boy was given halothane , nitrous oxide and oxygen , pancuronium 0 . 4 mg and suxamethonium 100 mg for induction of anaesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "nitrous oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "pancuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In response to this a marked jaw stiffness occurred which lasted for two minutes and the anaesthesia were terminated .", "entity": [{"entity": "jaw stiffness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four hours of apnoea ensued and he suffered generalized severe myalgia lasting for one week .", "entity": [{"entity": "apnoea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He was found to have atypical plasma cholinesterase with a dibucaine number of 12 , indicating homozygocity .", "entity": [{"entity": "dibucaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This was verified by study of the family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The case shows that prolonged jaw rigidity and myalgia may occur after suxamethonium in patients with atypical cholinesterase despite pretreatment with pancuronium .", "entity": [{"entity": "prolonged jaw rigidity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 42]}, {"entity": "myalgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "suxamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "pancuronium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indomethacin - induced hyperkalemia in three patients with gouty arthritis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "gouty arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe three patients in whom severe , life - threatening hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency developed after treatment of acute gouty arthritis with indomethacin .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperkalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "renal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 99]}, {"entity": "gouty arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 150]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This complication may result from an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and consequent hyporeninemic hypoaidosteronism .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostaglandin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "hyporeninemic hypoaidosteronism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful attention to renal function and potassium balance in patients receiving indomethacin or other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory agents , particularly in those patients with diabetes mellitus or preexisting renal disease , will help prevent this potentially serious complication .", "entity": [{"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [180, 197]}, {"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Etomidate : a foreshortened clinical trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clinical evaluation of etomidate for outpatient cystoscopy was embarked upon .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Unpremedicated patients were given fentanyl 1 microgram / kg followed by etomidate 0 . 3 mg / kg .", "entity": [{"entity": "fentanyl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anaesthesia was maintained with intermittent etomidate in 2 - 4 mg doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "etomidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were interviewed personally later the same day , and by questionnaire three to four weeks later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trial was discontinued after 20 cases because of an unacceptable incidence of side effects .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Venous pain occurred in 68 % of patients and 50 % had redness , pain or swelling related to the injection site , in some cases lasting up to three weeks after anaesthesia .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "swelling", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skeletal movements occurred in 50 % of patients ; 30 % experienced respiratory upset , one sufficiently severe to necessitate abandoning the technique .", "entity": [{"entity": "respiratory upset", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nausea and vomiting occurred in 40 % and 25 % had disturbing emergence psychoses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "psychoses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Levodopa - induced dyskinesias are improved by fluoxetine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We evaluated the severity of motor disability and dyskinesias in seven levodopa - responsive patients with Parkinson ' s disease after an acute challenge with the mixed dopamine agonist , apomorphine , before and after the administration of fluoxetine ( 20 mg twice per day ) for 11 + / - 1 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "motor disability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 177]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 199]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After fluoxetine treatment , there was a significant 47 % improvement ( p < 0 . 05 ) of apomorphine - induced dyskinesias without modification of parkinsonian motor disability .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "motor disability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dyskinesias were reduced predominantly in the lower limbs during the onset and disappearance of dystonic dyskinesias ( onset - and end - of - dose dyskinesias ) and in the upper limbs during choreic mid - dose dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "dystonic dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 120]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 162]}, {"entity": "choreic mid - dose dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that increased brain serotoninergic transmission with fluoxetine may reduce levodopa - or dopamine agonist - induced dyskinesias without aggravating parkinsonian motor disability .", "entity": [{"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}, {"entity": "levodopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 104]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 118]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 181]}, {"entity": "motor disability", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 198]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A large population - based follow - up study of trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole , trimethoprim , and cephalexin for uncommon serious drug toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 79]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 94]}, {"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "drug toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conducted a population - based 45 - day follow - up study of 232 , 390 people who were prescribed trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole ( TMP - SMZ ) , 266 , 951 prescribed trimethoprim alone , and 196 , 397 prescribed cephalexin , to estimate the risk of serious liver , blood , skin , and renal disorders resulting in referral or hospitalization associated with these drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 132]}, {"entity": "TMP - SMZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 144]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [170, 182]}, {"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 226]}, {"entity": "liver , blood , skin , and renal disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [261, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were based on information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in the United Kingdom , together with a review of clinical records .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of clinically important idiopathic liver disease was similar for persons prescribed TMP - SMZ ( 5 . 2 / 100 , 000 ) and those prescribed trimethoprim alone ( 3 . 8 / 100 , 000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "TMP - SMZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 102]}, {"entity": "trimethoprim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk for those prescribed cephalexin was somewhat lower ( 2 . 0 / 100 , 000 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only five patients experienced blood disorders , one of whom was exposed to TMP - SMZ ; of seven with erythema multiforme and Stevens - Johnson syndrome , four were exposed to TMP - SMZ .", "entity": [{"entity": "TMP - SMZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "erythema multiforme", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 121]}, {"entity": "Stevens - Johnson syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 152]}, {"entity": "TMP - SMZ", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The one case of toxic epidermal necrolysis occurred in a patient who took cephalexin .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxic epidermal necrolysis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 42]}, {"entity": "cephalexin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Finally , only five cases of acute parenchymal renal disease occurred , none likely to be caused by a study drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the risk of the serious diseases studied is small for the three agents , and compares reasonably with the risk for many other antibiotics .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical safety of lidocaine in patients with cocaine - associated myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the safety of lidocaine in the setting of cocaine - induced myocardial infarction ( MI ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 79]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : A retrospective , multicenter study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SETTING : Twenty - nine university , university - affiliated , or community hospitals during a 6 - year period ( total of 117 cumulative hospital - years ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PARTICIPANTS : Patients with cocaine - associated MI who received lidocaine in the emergency department .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 52]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : Of 29 patients who received lidocaine in the setting of cocaine - associated MI , no patient died ; exhibited bradydysrhythmias , ventricular tachycardia , or ventricular fibrillation ; or experienced seizures after administration of lidocaine ( 95 % confidence interval , 0 % to 11 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 73]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "bradydysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 137]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 163]}, {"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 193]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 219]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Despite theoretical concerns that lidocaine may enhance cocaine toxicity , the use of lidocaine in patients with cocaine - associated MI was not associated with significant cardiovascular or central nervous system toxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "lidocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 108]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [126, 133]}, {"entity": "MI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "cardiovascular or central nervous system toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental progressive muscular dystrophy and its treatment with high doses anabolizing agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We are still a long way from discovering an unequivocal pathogenetic interpretation of progressive muscular dystrophy in man .", "entity": [{"entity": "muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Noteworthy efforts have been made in the experimental field ; a recessive autosomic form found in the mouse seems to bear the closest resemblance to the human form from the genetic point of view .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myopathy due to lack of vitamin E and myopathy induced by certain viruses have much in common anatomically and pathologically with the human form .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors induced myodystrophy in the rat by giving it a diet lacking in vitamin E .", "entity": [{"entity": "myodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacological characteristics of vitamin E and the degenerative changes brought about by its deficiency , especially in the muscles , are illustrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is thus confirmed that the histological characteristics of myopathic rat muscle induced experimentally are extraordinarily similar to those of human myopathy as confirmed during biopsies performed at the Orthopaedic Traumatological Centre , Florence .", "entity": [{"entity": "myopathic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 71]}, {"entity": "myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encouraging results obtained in various authoratative departments in myopathic patients by using anabolizing steroids have encouraged the authors to investigate the beneficial effects of one anabolizing agent ( Dianabol , CIBA ) at high doses in rats rendered myopathic by a diet deficient in vitamin E .", "entity": [{"entity": "myopathic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "Dianabol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [215, 223]}, {"entity": "CIBA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 230]}, {"entity": "myopathic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [264, 273]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [297, 306]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this way they obtained appreciable changes in body weight ( increased from 50 to 70 g after forty days at a dose of 5 mg per day of anabolizing agent ) , but most of all they found histological changes due to \" regenerative \" changes in the muscle tissue , which however maintained its myopathic characteristics in the control animals that were not treated with the anabolizing agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "myopathic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [289, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors conclude by affirming the undoubted efficacy of the anabolizing steroids in experimental myopathic disease , but they have reservations as to the transfer of the results into the human field , where high dosage cannot be carried out continuously because of the effects of the drug on virility ; because the tissue injury too often occurs at an irreversible stage vis - a - vis the \" regeneration \" of the muscle tissue ; and finally because the dystrophic injurious agent is certainly not the lack of vitamin E but something as yet unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "myopathic disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 118]}, {"entity": "vitamin E", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [513, 522]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel 3 - hour infusion given alone and combined with carboplatin : preliminary results of dose - escalation trials .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) by 3 - hour infusion was combined with carboplatin in a phase I / II study directed to patients with non - small cell lung cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "non - small cell lung cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carboplatin was given at a fixed target area under the concentration - time curve of 6 . 0 by the Calvert formula , whereas paclitaxel was escalated in patient cohorts from 150 mg / m2 ( dose level I ) to 175 , 200 , 225 , and 250 mg / m2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 225 mg / m2 level was expanded for the phase II study since the highest level achieved ( 250 mg / m2 ) required modification because of nonhematologic toxicities ( arthralgia and sensory neuropathy ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 165]}, {"entity": "arthralgia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 178]}, {"entity": "sensory neuropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therapeutic effects were noted at all dose levels , with objective responses in 17 ( two complete and 15 partial regressions ) of 41 previously untreated patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Toxicities were compared with a cohort of patients in a phase I trial of paclitaxel alone at identical dose levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carboplatin did not appear to add to the hematologic toxicities observed , and the paclitaxel / carboplatin combination could be dosed every 3 weeks .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hematologic toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 63]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 93]}, {"entity": "carboplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dose - dependent effect of misoprostol on indomethacin - induced renal dysfunction in well compensated cirrhosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Misoprostol ( 200 micrograms ) has been shown to acutely counteract the indomethacin - induced renal dysfunction in well compensated cirrhotic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "renal dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 112]}, {"entity": "cirrhotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to determine if the prophylactic value of misoprostol was dose - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Parameters of renal hemodynamics and tubular sodium and water handling were assessed by clearance techniques in 26 well compensated cirrhotic patients before and after an oral combination of 50 mg of indomethacin and various doses of misoprostol .", "entity": [{"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "cirrhotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 141]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 212]}, {"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [234, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 200 - micrograms dose was able to totally abolish the deleterious renal effects of indomethacin , whereas the 800 - micrograms dose resulted in significant worsening of renal hemodynamics and sodium retention .", "entity": [{"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 99]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These changes were maximal in the hour immediately after medications and slowly returned toward base - line levels thereafter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that the renal protective effects of misoprostol is dose - dependent .", "entity": [{"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , until this apparent ability of 200 micrograms of misoprostol to prevent the adverse effects of indomethacin on renal function is confirmed with chronic frequent dosing , it would be prudent to avoid nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory therapy in patients with cirrhosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "misoprostol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "indomethacin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [105, 117]}, {"entity": "cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [267, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased frequency and severity of angio - oedema related to long - term therapy with angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor in two patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "angio - oedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse reactions to drugs are well recognized as a cause of acute or chronic urticaria , and angio - oedema .", "entity": [{"entity": "urticaria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "angio - oedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors , used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure , were introduced in Europe in the middle of the eighties , and the use of these drugs has increased progressively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angiotensin - converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 50]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "congestive heart failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Soon after the introduction of ACE inhibitors , acute bouts of angio - oedema were reported in association with the use of these drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "angio - oedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We wish to draw attention to the possibility of adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors after long - term use and in patients with pre - existing angio - oedema .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACE inhibitors", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "angio - oedema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myoclonus associated with lorazepam therapy in very - low - birth - weight infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lorazepam is being used with increasing frequency as a sedative in the newborn and the young infant .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Concern has been raised with regard to the safety of lorazepam in this age group , especially in very - low - birth - weight ( VLBW ; < 1 , 500 g ) infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three young infants , all of birth weight < 1 , 500 g , experienced myoclonus following the intravenous administration of lorazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "myoclonus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 77]}, {"entity": "lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The potential neurotoxic effects of the drug ( and its vehicle ) in this population are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injectable lorazepam should be used with caution in VLBW infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "lorazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transvenous right ventricular pacing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pediatric patients with acute cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts on five patients who presented in acute circulatory failure from myocardial dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "circulatory failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "myocardial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients had acute viral myocarditis , one had a carbamazepine - induced acute eosinophilic myocarditis , and one had cardiac hemosiderosis resulting in acute cardiogenic shock .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "carbamazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "eosinophilic myocarditis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 109]}, {"entity": "cardiogenic shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients were continuously monitored with central venous and arterial catheters in addition to routine noninvasive monitoring .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An introducer sheath , a pacemaker , and sterile pacing wires were made readily available for the patients , should the need arise to terminate resistant cardiac dysrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "dysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients developed cardiocirculatory arrest associated with extreme hypotension and dysrhythmias within the first 48 hours of their admission to the pediatric intensive care unit ( PICU ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "dysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Right ventricular pacemaker wires were inserted in all of them during cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In four patients , cardiac pacing was used , resulting in a temporary captured rhythm and restoration of their cardiac output .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These patients had a second event of cardiac arrest , resulting in death , within 10 to 60 minutes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac arrest", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one patient , cardiac pacing was not used , because he converted to normal sinus rhythm by electrical defibrillation within three minutes of initiating CPR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that cardiac pacing during resuscitative efforts in pediatric patients suffering from acute myocardial dysfunction may not have long - term value in and of itself ; however , if temporary hemodynamic stability is achieved by this procedure , it may provide additional time needed to institute other therapeutic modalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy and safety of granisetron , a selective 5 - hydroxytryptamine - 3 receptor antagonist , in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by high - dose cisplatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "5 - hydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 70]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PURPOSE : To assess the antiemetic effects and safety profile of four different doses of granisetron ( Kytril ; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals , Philadelphia , PA ) when administered as a single intravenous ( IV ) dose for prophylaxis of cisplatin - induced nausea and vomiting .", "entity": [{"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}, {"entity": "Kytril", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 109]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [242, 251]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [262, 268]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [273, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PATIENTS AND METHODS : One hundred eighty - four chemotherapy - naive patients receiving high - dose cisplatin ( 81 to 120 mg / m2 ) were randomized to receive one of four granisetron doses ( 5 , 10 , 20 , or 40 micrograms / kg ) administered before chemotherapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were observed on an inpatient basis for 18 to 24 hours , and vital signs , nausea , vomiting , retching , and appetite were assessed .", "entity": [{"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 90]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Safety analyses included incidence of adverse experiences and laboratory parameter changes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : After granisetron doses of 5 , 10 , 20 , and 40 micrograms / kg , a major response ( < or = two vomiting or retching episodes , and no antiemetic rescue ) was recorded in 23 % , 57 % , 58 % , and 60 % of patients , respectively , and a complete response ( no vomiting or retching , and no antiemetic rescue ) in 18 % , 41 % , 40 % , and 47 % of patients , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 114]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [269, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was a statistically longer time to first episode of nausea ( P = . 0015 ) and vomiting ( P = . 0001 ) , and fewer patients were administered additional antiemetic medication in the 10 - micrograms / kg dosing groups than in the 5 - micrograms / kg dosing group .", "entity": [{"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As granisetron dose increased , appetite return increased ( P = . 040 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event ( 20 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : A single 10 - , 20 - , or 40 - micrograms / kg dose of granisetron was effective in controlling vomiting in 57 % to 60 % of patients who received cisplatin at doses greater than 81 mg / m2 and totally prevented vomiting in 40 % to 47 % of patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 117]}, {"entity": "cisplatin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [159, 168]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [224, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between the 10 - micrograms / kg dose and the 20 - and 40 - micrograms / kg doses .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Granisetron was well tolerated at all doses .", "entity": [{"entity": "Granisetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Adverse interaction between clonidine and verapamil .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To report two cases of a possible adverse interaction between clonidine and verapamil resulting in atrioventricular ( AV ) block in both patients and severe hypotension in one patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 97]}, {"entity": "atrioventricular ( AV ) block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 140]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CASE SUMMARIES : A 54 - year - old woman with hyperaldosteronism was treated with verapamil 480 mg / d and spironolactone 100 mg / d .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperaldosteronism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 64]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 91]}, {"entity": "spironolactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the addition of a minimal dose of clonidine ( 0 . 15 mg bid ) , she developed complete AV block and severe hypotension , which resolved upon cessation of all medications .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "AV block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 101]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 65 - year - old woman was treated with extended - release verapamil 240 mg / d .", "entity": [{"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the addition of clonidine 0 . 15 mg bid she developed complete AV block , which resolved after all therapy was stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "AV block", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DISCUSSION : An adverse interaction between clonidine and verapamil has not been reported previously .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe two such cases and discuss the various mechanisms that might cause such an interaction .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinicians should be acquainted with this possibly fatal interaction between two commonly used antihypertensive drugs .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : Caution is recommended in combining clonidine and verapamil therapy , even in patients who do not have sinus or AV node dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "clonidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "verapamil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two drugs may act synergistically on both the AV node and the peripheral circulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pharmacological studies on a new dihydrothienopyridine calcium antagonist , S - 312 - d .", "entity": [{"entity": "dihydrothienopyridine calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 62]}, {"entity": "S - 312 - d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5th communication : anticonvulsant effects in mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S - 312 , S - 312 - d , but not S - 312 - l , L - type calcium channel antagonists , showed anticonvulsant effects on the audiogenic tonic convulsions in DBA / 2 mice ; and their ED50 values were 18 . 4 ( 12 . 8 - 27 . 1 ) mg / kg , p . o . and 15 . 0 ( 10 . 2 - 23 . 7 ) mg / kg , p . o . , respectively , while that of flunarizine was 34 . 0 ( 26 . 0 - 44 . 8 ) mg / kg , p . o .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 312", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "S - 312 - d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "S - 312 - l", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "audiogenic tonic convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 150]}, {"entity": "flunarizine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [321, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although moderate anticonvulsant effects of S - 312 - d in higher doses were observed against the clonic convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole ( 85 mg / kg , s . c . ) or bemegride ( 40 mg / kg , s . c . ) , no effects were observed in convulsions induced by N - methyl - D - aspartate , picrotoxin , or electroshock in Slc : ddY mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 312 - d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "pentylenetetrazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "bemegride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 184]}, {"entity": "convulsions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [240, 251]}, {"entity": "N - methyl - D - aspartate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [263, 289]}, {"entity": "picrotoxin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "S - 312 - d may be useful in the therapy of certain types of human epilepsy .", "entity": [{"entity": "S - 312 - d", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "epilepsy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transmural myocardial infarction with sumatriptan .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For sumatriptan , tightness in the chest caused by an unknown mechanism has been reported in 3 - 5 % of users .", "entity": [{"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a 47 - year - old woman with an acute myocardial infarction after administration of sumatriptan 6 mg subcutaneously for cluster headache .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "cluster headache", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient had no history of underlying ischaemic heart disease or Prinzmetal ' s angina .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischaemic heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 64]}, {"entity": "Prinzmetal ' s angina", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She recovered without complications .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine - diazepam intoxications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "STUDY HYPOTHESIS : Administration of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil may unmask seizures in mixed cocaine - benzodiazepine intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 77]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 114]}, {"entity": "benzodiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DESIGN : Male Sprague - Dawley rats received 100 mg / kg cocaine IP alone , 5 mg / kg diazepam alone , or a combination of diazepam and cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 64]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 131]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three minutes later , groups were challenged with vehicle or flumazenil 5 or 10 mg / kg IP .", "entity": [{"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animal behavior , seizures ( time to and incidence ) , death ( time to and incidence ) , and cortical EEG tracings were recorded .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERVENTIONS : Administration of flumazenil to animals after they had received a combination dose of cocaine and diazepam .", "entity": [{"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : In group 1 , animals received cocaine followed by vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in 100 % developing seizures and death .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 2 received diazepam alone followed by vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals became somnolent and none died .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 3 received diazepam followed by 5 mg / kg flumazenil .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals became somnolent after diazepam and then active after flumazenil administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In group 4 , a combination of cocaine and diazepam was administered simultaneously .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in no overt or EEG - detectable seizures and a 50 % incidence of death .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 5 received a similar combination of cocaine and diazepam , followed later by 5 mg / kg flumazenil .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < . 01 ) , and death , 100 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , compared with group 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Group 6 received cocaine and diazepam followed by 10 mg / kg flumazenil .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This also resulted in an increased incidence of seizures , 90 % ( P < or = . 01 ) , and death , 90 % ( P < or = . 05 ) , compared with group 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Flumazenil can unmask seizures and increase the incidence of death in a model of combined cocaine - diazepam intoxications .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flumazenil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 110]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mechanisms for protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin - mediated nephropathy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 74]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies were performed to examine the mechanisms for the protective effects of free radical scavengers on gentamicin ( GM ) - mediated nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "gentamicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 121]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Administration of GM at 40 mg / kg sc for 13 days to rats induced a significant reduction in renal blood flow ( RBF ) and inulin clearance ( CIn ) as well as marked tubular damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 20]}, {"entity": "tubular damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A significant reduction in urinary guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) excretion and a significant increase in renal cortical renin and endothelin - 1 contents were also observed in GM - mediated nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanosine 3 ' , 5 ' - cyclic monophosphate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 77]}, {"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 200]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [212, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) or dimethylthiourea ( DMTU ) significantly lessened the GM - induced decrement in CIn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "dimethylthiourea", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "DMTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 55]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The SOD - induced increase in glomerular filtration rate was associated with a marked improvement in RBF , an increase in urinary cGMP excretion , and a decrease in renal renin and endothelin - 1 content .", "entity": [{"entity": "cGMP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [130, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "SOD did not attenuate the tubular damage .", "entity": [{"entity": "tubular damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , DMTU significantly reduced the tubular damage and lipid peroxidation , but it did not affect renal hemodynamics and vasoactive substances .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "tubular damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither SOD nor DMTU affected the renal cortical GM content in GM - treated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that 1 ) both SOD and DMTU have protective effects on GM - mediated nephropathy , 2 ) the mechanisms for the protective effects differ for SOD and DMTU , and 3 ) superoxide anions play a critical role in GM - induced renal vasoconstriction .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "DMTU", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 173]}, {"entity": "superoxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "GM", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cephalothin - induced immune hemolytic anemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cephalothin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A patient with renal disease developed Coombs - positive hemolytic anemia while receiving cephalothin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "hemolytic anemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "cephalothin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An anti - cephalothin IgG antibody was detected in the patient ' s serum and in the eluates from her erythrocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cephalothin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , nonimmunologic binding of normal and patient ' s serum proteins to her own and cephalothin - coated normal red cells was demonstrated .", "entity": [{"entity": "cephalothin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation revealed that the patient was sensitized to cephalothin and also to ampicillin .", "entity": [{"entity": "cephalothin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "ampicillin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Careful investigation of drug - induced hemolytic anemias reveals the complexity of the immune mechanisms involved .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic anemias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assessment of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis during hypertrophy in adult mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ability of cardiomyocytes to synthesize DNA in response to experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in adult mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Isoproterenol delivered by osmotic minipump implantation in adult C3Heb / FeJ mice resulted in a 46 % increase in heart weight and a 19 . 3 % increase in cardiomyocyte area .", "entity": [{"entity": "Isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No DNA synthesis , as assessed by autoradiographic analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes , was observed in control or hypertrophic hearts .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophic hearts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A survey of 15 independent inbred strains of mice revealed that ventricular cardiomyocyte nuclear number ranged from 3 to 13 % mononucleate , suggesting that cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation is influenced directly or indirectly by genetic background .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether the capacity for reactive DNA synthesis was also subject to genetic regulation , cardiac hypertrophy was induced in the strains of mice comprising the extremes of the nuclear number survey .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data indicate that adult mouse atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes do not synthesize DNA in response to isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "cardiac hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Central cardiovascular effects of AVP and ANP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to compare influence of central arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) and of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) on control of arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) in normotensive ( WKY ) and spontaneously hypertensive ( SHR ) rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "arginine vasopressin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 89]}, {"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [92, 95]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [250, 262]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three series of experiments were performed on 30 WKY and 30 SHR , chronically instrumented with guide tubes in the lateral ventricle ( LV ) and arterial and venous catheters .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MAP and HR were monitored before and after i . v . injections of either vehicle or 1 , 10 and 50 ng of AVP and 25 , 125 and 500 ng of ANP .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sensitivity of cardiac component of baroreflex ( CCB ) , expressed as a slope of the regression line was determined from relationships between systolic arterial pressure ( SAP ) and HR period ( HRp ) during phenylephrine ( Phe ) - induced hypertension and sodium nitroprusside ( SN ) - induced hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [207, 220]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [223, 226]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [239, 251]}, {"entity": "sodium nitroprusside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 276]}, {"entity": "SN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [279, 281]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [294, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCB was measured before and after administration of either vehicle , AVP , ANP , or both peptides together .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increases of MAP occurred after LV administration of 1 , 10 and 50 ng of AVP in WKY and of 10 and 50 ng in SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ANP did not cause significant changes in MAP in both strains as compared to vehicle , but it abolished AVP - induced MAP increase in WKY and SHR .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CCB was reduced in WKY and SHR after LV administration of AVP during SN - induced hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "SN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SHR but not in WKY administration of ANP , AVP and ANP + AVP decreased CCB during Phe - induced MAP elevation .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 63]}, {"entity": "Phe", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that centrally applied AVP and ANP exert differential effects on blood pressure and baroreflex control of heart rate in WKY and SHR and suggest interaction of these two peptides in blood pressure regulation at the level of central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "AVP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cutaneous exposure to warfarin - like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "intracerebral hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of intercerebral hematoma due to warfarin - induced coagulopathy is presented .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "coagulopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 39 - year - old woman had spread a warfarin - type rat poison around her house weekly using her bare hands , with no washing post application .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Percutaneous absorption of warfarin causing coagulopathy , reported three times in the past , is a significant risk if protective measures , such as gloves , are not used .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "coagulopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An adverse drug interaction with piroxicam , which she took occasionally , may have exacerbated the coagulopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "piroxicam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "coagulopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pediatric heart transplantation without chronic maintenance steroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From 1986 to February 1993 , 40 children aged 2 months to 18 years ( average age 10 . 4 + / - 5 . 8 years ) underwent heart transplantation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Indications for transplantation were idiopathic cardiomyopathy ( 52 % ) , congenital heart disease ( 35 % ) with and without prior repair ( 71 % and 29 % , respectively ) , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) , valvular heart disease ( 3 % ) , and doxorubicin cardiomyopathy ( 5 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 62]}, {"entity": "congenital heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 98]}, {"entity": "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 200]}, {"entity": "valvular heart disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 233]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [248, 259]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [260, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were managed with cyclosporine and azathioprine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "azathioprine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No prophylaxis with antilymphocyte globulin was used .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Steroids were given to 39 % of patients for refractory rejection , but weaning was always attempted and generally successful ( 64 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five patients ( 14 % ) received maintenance steroids .", "entity": [{"entity": "steroids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four patients died in the perioperative period and one died 4 months later .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There have been no deaths related to rejection or infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Average follow - up was 36 + / - 19 months ( range 1 to 65 months ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cumulative survival is 88 % at 5 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients less than 7 years of age , rejection was monitored noninvasively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first postoperative month , 89 % of patients were treated for rejection .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Freedom from serious infections was 83 % at 1 month and 65 % at 1 year .", "entity": [{"entity": "infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cytomegalovirus infections were treated successfully with ganciclovir in 11 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cytomegalovirus infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "ganciclovir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No impairment of growth was observed in children who underwent transplantation compared with a control population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - one patients ( 60 % ) have undergone annual catheterizations and no sign of graft atherosclerosis has been observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "atherosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seizures occurred in five patients ( 14 % ) and hypertension was treated in 10 patients ( 28 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No patient was disabled and no lymphoproliferative disorder was observed . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )", "entity": [{"entity": "lymphoproliferative disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Delirium during fluoxetine treatment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case report .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The correlation between high serum tricyclic antidepressant concentrations and central nervous system side effects has been well established .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only a few reports exist , however , on the relationship between the serum concentrations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) and their toxic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In some cases , a high serum concentration of citalopram ( > 600 nmol / L ) in elderly patients has been associated with increased somnolence and movement difficulties .", "entity": [{"entity": "citalopram", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "somnolence", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "movement difficulties", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Widespread cognitive disorders , such as delirium , have not been previously linked with high blood levels of SSRIs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we describe a patient with acute hyperkinetic delirium connected with a high serum total fluoxetine ( fluoxetine plus desmethylfluoxetine ) concentration .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperkinetic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "fluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [119, 129]}, {"entity": "desmethylfluoxetine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulmonary edema and shock after high - dose aracytine - C for lymphoma ; possible role of TNF - alpha and PAF .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pulmonary edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "aracytine - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four out of 23 consecutive patients treated with high - dose Ara - C for lymphomas in our institution developed a strikingly similar syndrome during the perfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ara - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 68]}, {"entity": "lymphomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It was characterized by the onset of fever , diarrhea , shock , pulmonary edema , acute renal failure , metabolic acidosis , weight gain and leukocytosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "fever", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "pulmonary edema", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 79]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 101]}, {"entity": "metabolic acidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 122]}, {"entity": "weight gain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 136]}, {"entity": "leukocytosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thorough bacteriological screening failed to provide evidence of infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequential biological assays of IL - 1 , IL - 2 , TNF and PAF were performed during Ara - C infusion to ten patients , including the four who developed the syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ara - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TNF and PAF activity was found in the serum of respectively two and four of the cases , but not in the six controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As TNF and PAF are thought to be involved in the development of septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome , we hypothesize that high - dose Ara - C may be associated with cytokine release .", "entity": [{"entity": "shock", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 76]}, {"entity": "adult respiratory distress syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 116]}, {"entity": "Ara - C", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protective effect of clentiazem against epinephrine - induced cardiac injury in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "cardiac injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We investigated the effects of clentiazem , a 1 , 5 - benzothiazepine calcium antagonist , on epinephrine - induced cardiomyopathy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "1 , 5 - benzothiazepine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [46, 69]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With 2 - week chronic epinephrine infusion , 16 of 30 rats died within 4 days , and severe ischemic lesions and fibrosis of the left ventricles were observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "ischemic lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In epinephrine - treated rats , left atrial and left ventricular papillary muscle contractile responses to isoproterenol were reduced , but responses to calcium were normal or enhanced compared to controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 120]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left ventricular alpha and beta adrenoceptor densities were also reduced compared to controls .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment with clentiazem prevented epinephrine - induced death ( P < . 05 ) , and attenuated the ventricular ischemic lesions and fibrosis , in a dose - dependent manner .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "ischemic lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "fibrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Left atrial and left ventricular papillary muscle contractile responses to isoproterenol were reduced compared to controls in groups treated with clentiazem alone , but combined with epinephrine , clentiazem restored left atrial responses and enhanced left ventricular papillary responses to isoproterenol .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 88]}, {"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [183, 194]}, {"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [197, 207]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [292, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand clentiazem did not prevent epinephrine - induced down - regulation of alpha and beta adrenoceptors .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , clentiazem , infused alone , resulted in decreased adrenergic receptor densities in the left ventricle .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clentiazem also did not prevent the enhanced responses to calcium seen in the epinephrine - treated animals , although the high dose of clentiazem partially attenuated the maximal response to calcium compared to epinephrine - treated animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 65]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 89]}, {"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 146]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [192, 199]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [212, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , clentiazem attenuated epinephrine - induced cardiac injury , possibly through its effect on the adrenergic pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "clentiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "cardiac injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kaliuretic effect of L - dopa treatment in parkinsonian patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypokalemia , sometimes severe , was observed in some L - dopa - treated parkinsonian patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "L - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "parkinsonian", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The influence of L - dopa on the renal excretion of potassium was studied in 3 patients with hypokalemia and in 5 normokalemic patients by determination of renal plasma flow , glomerular filtration rate , plasma concentration of potassium and sodium as well as urinary excretion of potassium , sodium and aldosterone .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 238]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 249]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [282, 291]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [294, 300]}, {"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [305, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "L - Dopa intake was found to cause an increased excretion of potassium , and sometimes also of sodium , in the hypokalemic but not in the normokalemic patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "L - Dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "sodium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [95, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This effect on the renal function could be prohibited by the administration of a peripheral dopa decarbodylase inhibitor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not known why this effect occurred in some individuals but not in others , but our results indicate a correlation between aldosterone production and this renal effect of L - dopa .", "entity": [{"entity": "aldosterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "L - dopa", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [176, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine induced myocardial ischemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of myocardial ischemia induced by cocaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ischemia probably induced by coronary artery spasm was reversed by nitroglycerin and calcium blocking agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "coronary artery spasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "nitroglycerin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity monitored by ECG in freely moving mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new model to test potential protectors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In laboratory animals , histology is most commonly used to study doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , for monitoring during treatment , large numbers of animals are needed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently we developed a new method to measure ECG values in freely moving mice by telemetry .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With this model we investigated the effect of chronic doxorubicin administration on the ECG of freely moving BALB / c mice and the efficacy of ICRF - 187 as a protective agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "ICRF - 187", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [143, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ST interval significantly widened from 15 . 0 + / - 1 . 5 to 56 . 8 + / - 11 . 8 ms in week 10 ( 7 weekly doses of 4 mg / kg doxorubicin given i . v . plus 3 weeks of observation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ECG of the control animals did not change during the entire study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After sacrifice the hearts of doxorubicin - treated animals were enlarged and the atria were hypertrophic .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "hypertrophic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As this schedule exerted more toxicity than needed to investigate protective agents , the protection of ICRF - 187 was determined using a dose schedule with lower general toxicity ( 6 weekly doses of 4 mg / kg doxorubicin given i . v . plus 2 weeks of observation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "ICRF - 187", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 114]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 179]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [210, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On this schedule , the animals ' hearts appeared normal after sacrifice and ICRF - 187 ( 50 mg / kg given i . p . 1 h before doxorubicin ) provided almost full protection .", "entity": [{"entity": "ICRF - 187", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 86]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data were confirmed by histology .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate that this new model is very sensitive and enables monitoring of the development of cardiotoxicity with time .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings result in a model that allows the testing of protectors against doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity as demonstrated by the protection provided by ICRF - 187 .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 90]}, {"entity": "cardiotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "ICRF - 187", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [162, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epinephrine dysrhythmogenicity is not enhanced by subtoxic bupivacaine in dogs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since bupivacaine and epinephrine may both precipitate dysrhythmias , circulating bupivacaine during regional anesthesia could potentiate dysrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "dysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 93]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We therefore examined whether bupivacaine alters the dysrhythmogenicity of subsequent administration of epinephrine in conscious , healthy dogs and in anesthetized dogs with myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [104, 115]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - one conscious dogs received 10 micrograms . kg - 1 . min - 1 epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventeen animals responded with ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) within 3 min .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 3 h , these responders randomly received 1 or 2 mg / kg bupivacaine or saline over 5 min , followed by 10 micrograms . kg - 1 . min - 1 epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the bupivacaine groups , epinephrine caused fewer prodysrhythmic effects than without bupivacaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VT appeared in fewer dogs and at a later time , and there were more sinoatrial beats and less ectopies .", "entity": [{"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 2]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epinephrine shortened QT less after bupivacaine than in control animals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One day after experimental myocardial infarction , six additional halothane - anesthetized dogs received 4 micrograms . kg - 1 . min - 1 epinephrine until VT appeared .", "entity": [{"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 48]}, {"entity": "halothane", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 45 min , 1 mg / kg bupivacaine was injected over 5 min , again followed by 4 micrograms . kg - 1 . min - 1 epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In these dogs , the prodysrhythmic response to epinephrine was also mitigated by preceding bupivacaine .", "entity": [{"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bupivacaine antagonizes epinephrine dysrhythmogenicity in conscious dogs susceptible to VT and in anesthetized dogs with spontaneous postinfarct dysrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "VT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "dysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is no evidence that systemic subtoxic bupivacaine administration enhances the dysrhythmogenicity of subsequent epinephrine .", "entity": [{"entity": "bupivacaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "epinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milk - alkali syndrome induced by 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D in a patient with hypoparathyroidism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "1 , 25 ( OH ) 2D", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "hypoparathyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milk - alkali syndrome was first described 70 years ago in the context of the treatment of peptic ulcer disease with large amounts of calcium and alkali .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "peptic ulcer disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 111]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 141]}, {"entity": "alkali", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although with current ulcer therapy ( H - 2 blockers , omeprazole , and sucralfate ) , the frequency of milk - alkali syndrome has decreased significantly , the classic triad of hypercalcemia , alkalosis , and renal impairment remains the hallmark of the syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "ulcer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "omeprazole", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "sucralfate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 126]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 191]}, {"entity": "alkalosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 203]}, {"entity": "renal impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Milk - alkali syndrome can present serious and occasionally life - threatening illness unless diagnosed and treated appropriately .", "entity": [{"entity": "Milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk - alkali syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypoparathyroidism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "calcium carbonate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 94]}, {"entity": "calcitriol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 109]}, {"entity": "milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient was successfully treated with intravenous pamidronate on his first admission and with hydrocortisone on the second .", "entity": [{"entity": "pamidronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "hydrocortisone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This illustrates intravenous pamidronate as a valuable therapeutic tool when milk - alkali syndrome presents as hypercalcemic emergency .", "entity": [{"entity": "pamidronate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "milk - alkali syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 99]}, {"entity": "hypercalcemic emergency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Famotidine - associated delirium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A series of six cases .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Famotidine is a histamine H2 - receptor antagonist used in inpatient settings for prevention of stress ulcers and is showing increasing popularity because of its low cost .", "entity": [{"entity": "Famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ulcers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although all of the currently available H2 - receptor antagonists have shown the propensity to cause delirium , only two previously reported cases have been associated with famotidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 109]}, {"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors report on six cases of famotidine - associated delirium in hospitalized patients who cleared completely upon removal of famotidine .", "entity": [{"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "delirium", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 67]}, {"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pharmacokinetics of famotidine are reviewed , with no change in its metabolism in the elderly population seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The implications of using famotidine in elderly persons are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "famotidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Encephalopathy during amitriptyline therapy : are neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome spectrum disorders ?", "entity": [{"entity": "Encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "amitriptyline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 80]}, {"entity": "serotonin syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes a case of encephalopathy developed in the course of amitriptyline therapy , during a remission of unipolar depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "amitriptyline", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "unipolar depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This patient could have been diagnosed as having either neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS ) or serotonin syndrome ( SS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 86]}, {"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 92]}, {"entity": "serotonin syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 116]}, {"entity": "SS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major determinant of the symptoms may have been dopamine / serotonin imbalance in the central nervous system .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The NMS - like encephalopathy that develops in association with the use of antidepressants indicates that NMS and SS are spectrum disorders induced by drugs with both antidopaminergic and serotonergic effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "NMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 109]}, {"entity": "SS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic separation of tumor growth and hemorrhagic phenotypes in an estrogen - induced tumor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 76]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic administration of estrogen to the Fischer 344 ( F344 ) rat induces growth of large , hemorrhagic pituitary tumors .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 104]}, {"entity": "pituitary tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ten weeks of diethylstilbestrol ( DES ) treatment caused female F344 rat pituitaries to grow to an average of 109 . 2 + / - 6 . 3 mg ( mean + / - SE ) versus 11 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 mg for untreated rats , and to become highly hemorrhagic .", "entity": [{"entity": "diethylstilbestrol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "DES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [222, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same DES treatment produced no significant growth ( 8 . 9 + / - 0 . 5 mg for treated females versus 8 . 7 + / - 1 . 1 for untreated females ) or morphological changes in Brown Norway ( BN ) rat pituitaries .", "entity": [{"entity": "DES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An F1 hybrid of F344 and BN exhibited significant pituitary growth after 10 weeks of DES treatment with an average mass of 26 . 3 + / - 0 . 7 mg compared with 8 . 6 + / - 0 . 9 mg for untreated rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Surprisingly , the F1 hybrid tumors were not hemorrhagic and had hemoglobin content and outward appearance identical to that of BN .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Expression of both growth and morphological changes is due to multiple genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , while DES - induced pituitary growth exhibited quantitative , additive inheritance , the hemorrhagic phenotype exhibited recessive , epistatic inheritance .", "entity": [{"entity": "DES", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 5 of the 160 F2 pituitaries exhibited the hemorrhagic phenotype ; 36 of the 160 F2 pituitaries were in the F344 range of mass , but 31 of these were not hemorrhagic , indicating that the hemorrhagic phenotype is not merely a consequence of extensive growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemorrhagic F2 pituitaries were all among the most massive , indicating that some of the genes regulate both phenotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemorrhagic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in bladder afferent pathways following chronic bladder irritation .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "bladder irritation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunocytochemical techniques were used to examine alterations in the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) in bladder pathways following acute and chronic irritation of the urinary tract of the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 105]}, {"entity": "irritation of the urinary tract", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chemical cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) which is metabolized to acrolein , an irritant eliminated in the urine .", "entity": [{"entity": "cystitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "cyclophosphamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "acrolein", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Injection of CYP ( n = 10 , 75 mg / kg , i . p . ) 2 hours prior to perfusion ( acute treatment ) of the animals increased Fos - immunoreactivity ( IR ) in neurons in the dorsal commissure , dorsal horn , and autonomic regions of spinal segments ( L1 - L2 and L6 - S1 ) which receive afferent inputs from the bladder , urethra , and ureter .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fos - IR in the spinal cord was not changed in rats receiving chronic CYP treatment ( n = 15 , 75 mg / kg , i . p . , every 3rd day for 2 weeks ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In control animals and in animals treated acutely with CYP , only small numbers of NOS - IR cells ( 0 . 5 - 0 . 7 cell profiles / sections ) were detected in the L6 - S1 dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic CYP administration significantly ( P < or = . 002 ) increased bladder weight by 60 % and increased ( 7 - to 11 - fold ) the numbers of NOS - immunoreactive ( IR ) afferent neurons in the L6 - S1 DRG .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A small increase ( 1 . 5 - fold ) also occurred in the L1 DRG , but no change was detected in the L2 and L5 DRG .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bladder afferent cells in the L6 - S1 DRG labeled by Fluorogold ( 40 microliters ) injected into the bladder wall did not exhibit NOS - IR in control animals ; however , following chronic CYP administration , a significant percentage of bladder afferent neurons were NOS - IR : L6 ( 19 . 8 + / - 4 . 6 % ) and S1 ( 25 . 3 + / - 2 . 9 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CYP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [188, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that neuronal gene expression in visceral sensory pathways can be upregulated by chemical irritation of afferent receptors in the urinary tract and / or that pathological changes in the urinary tract can initiate chemical signals that alter the chemical properties of visceral afferent neurons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of a new calcium antagonist , CD - 832 , on isoproterenol - induced myocardial ischemia in dogs with partial coronary stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 65]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "coronary stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of CD - 832 on isoproterenol ( ISO ) - induced myocardial ischemia were studied in dogs with partial coronary stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery and findings were compared with those for nifedipine or diltiazem .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "coronary stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 126]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [208, 218]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [222, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the presence of coronary artery stenosis , 3 - min periods of intracoronary ISO infusion ( 10 ng / kg / min ) increased heart rate and maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise , which resulted in a decrease in percentage segmental shortening and ST - segment elevation of the epicardial electrocardiogram .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 43]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After the control ISO infusion with stenosis was performed , equihypotensive doses of CD - 832 ( 3 and 10 micrograms / kg / min , n = 7 ) , nifedipine ( 1 and 3 micrograms / kg / min , n = 9 ) or diltiazem ( 10 and 30 micrograms / kg / min , n = 7 ) were infused 5 min before and during the second and third ISO infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [86, 94]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [140, 150]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [308, 311]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both CD - 832 and diltiazem , but not nifedipine , significantly reduced the increase in heart rate induced by ISO infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast to nifedipine , CD - 832 ( 10 micrograms / kg / min ) prevented the decrease in percentage segmental shortening from 32 + / - 12 % to 115 + / - 26 % of the control value ( P < . 01 ) and ST - segment elevation from 5 . 6 + / - 1 . 0 mV to 1 . 6 + / - 1 . 3 mV ( P < . 01 ) at 3 min after ISO infusion with stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [300, 303]}, {"entity": "stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [318, 326]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diltiazem ( 30 micrograms / kg / min ) also prevented the decrease in percentage segmental shortening from 34 + / - 14 % to 63 + / - 18 % of the control value ( P < . 05 ) and ST - segment elevation from 4 . 7 + / - 0 . 7 mV to 2 . 1 + / - 0 . 7 mV ( P < . 01 ) at 3 min after ISO infusion with stenosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Diltiazem", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [277, 280]}, {"entity": "stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [295, 303]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data show that CD - 832 improves myocardial ischemia during ISO infusion with stenosis and suggest that the negative chronotropic property of CD - 832 plays a major role in the beneficial effects of CD - 832 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 58]}, {"entity": "ISO", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 69]}, {"entity": "stenosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 92]}, {"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "CD - 832", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of recombinant human insulin - like growth factor - I on chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "puromycin aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 101]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently demonstrated that recombinant hGH exacerbates renal functional and structural injury in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) nephropathy , an experimental model of glomerular disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "puromycin aminonucleoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 133]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [136, 139]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "glomerular disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , we examined whether recombinant human ( rh ) IGF - I is a safer alternative for the treatment of growth failure in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "growth failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 148]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The glomerulopathy was induced by seven serial injections of PAN over 12 wk .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Experimental animals ( n = 6 ) received rhIGF - I , 400 micrograms / d , whereas control rats ( n = 6 ) received the vehicle .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rhIGF - I improved weight gain by 14 % ( p < 0 . 05 ) , without altering hematocrit or blood pressure in rats with renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Urinary protein excretion was unaltered by rhIGF - I treatment in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 87]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 12 wk , the inulin clearance was higher in rhIGF - I - treated rats , 0 . 48 + / - 0 . 08 versus 0 . 24 + / - 0 . 06 mL / min / 100 g of body weight in untreated PAN nephropathy animals , p < 0 . 05 .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [168, 171]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The improvement in GFR was not associated with enhanced glomerular hypertrophy or increased segmental glomerulosclerosis , tubulointerstitial injury , or renal cortical malondialdehyde content .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerular hypertrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 78]}, {"entity": "glomerulosclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 120]}, {"entity": "tubulointerstitial injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 148]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In rats with PAN nephropathy , administration of rhIGF - I increased IGF - I and GH receptor gene expression , without altering the steady state level of IGF - I receptor mRNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In normal rats with intact kidneys , rhIGF - I administration ( n = 4 ) did not alter weight gain , blood pressure , proteinuria , GFR , glomerular planar area , renal cortical malondialdehyde content , or glomerular or tubulointerstitial damage , compared with untreated animals ( n = 4 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "proteinuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "malondialdehyde", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 192]}, {"entity": "tubulointerstitial damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rhIGF - I treatment reduced the steady state renal IGF - I mRNA level but did not modify gene expression of the IGF - I or GH receptors .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that : 1 ) administration of rhIGF - I improves growth and GFR in rats with chronic PAN nephropathy and 2 ) unlike rhGH , long - term use of rhIGF - I does not worsen renal functional and structural injury in this disease model .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAN", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 99]}, {"entity": "nephropathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nefiracetam ( DM - 9384 ) reverses apomorphine - induced amnesia of a passive avoidance response : delayed emergence of the memory retention effects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "DM - 9384", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nefiracetam is a novel pyrrolidone derivative which attenuates scopolamine - induced learning and post - training consolidation deficits .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "pyrrolidone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "learning and post - training consolidation deficits", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Given that apomorphine inhibits passive avoidance retention when given during training or in a defined 10 - 12h post - training period , we evaluated the ability of nefiracetam to attenuate amnesia induced by dopaminergic agonism .", "entity": [{"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [190, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A step - down passive avoidance paradigm was employed and nefiracetam ( 3 mg / kg ) and apomorphine ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) were given alone or in combination during training and at the 10 - 12h post - training period of consolidation .", "entity": [{"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Co - administration of nefiracetam and apomorphine during training or 10h thereafter produced no significant anti - amnesic effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , administration of nefiracetam during training completely reversed the amnesia induced by apomorphine at the 10h post - training time and the converse was also true .", "entity": [{"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "amnesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 87]}, {"entity": "apomorphine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These effects were not mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism as nefiracetam , at millimolar concentrations , failed to displace either [ 3H ] SCH 23390 or [ 3H ] spiperone binding from D1 or D2 dopamine receptor subtypes , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "SCH 23390", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "spiperone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [193, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is suggested that nefiracetam augments molecular processes in the early stages of events which ultimately lead to consolidation of memory .", "entity": [{"entity": "nefiracetam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenytoin encephalopathy as probable idiosyncratic reaction : case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of phenytoin ( DPH ) encephalopathy with increasing seizures and EEG and mental changes is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenytoin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Despite adequate oral dosage of DPH ( 5 mg / kg / daily ) the plasma level was very low ( 2 . 8 microgramg / ml ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encephalopathy was probably an idiosyncratic and not toxic or allergic reaction .", "entity": [{"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In fact the concentration of free DPH was normal , the patient presented a retarded morbilliform rash during DPH treatment , the protidogram was normal , and an intradermic DPH injection had no local effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "rash", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors conclude that in a patient starting DPH treatment an unexpected increase in seizures , with EEG and mental changes occurring simultaneously , should alert the physician to the possible need for eliminating DPH from the therapeutic regimen , even if plasma concentrations are low .", "entity": [{"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "seizures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "DPH", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [218, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevention and treatment of endometrial disease in climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "endometrial disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 47]}, {"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The treatment regimens are described in 74 patients with endometrial disease among 850 climacteric women receiving oestrogen therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "endometrial disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 76]}, {"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cystic hyperplasia was associated with unopposed oestrogen therapy without progestagen .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "progestagen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two courses of 21 days of 5 mg norethisterone daily caused reversion to normal in all 57 cases of cystic hyperplasia and 6 of the 8 cases of atypical hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "norethisterone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 cases of endometrial carcinoma referred from elsewhere demonstrated the problems of inappropriate and unsupervised unopposed oestrogen therapy and the difficulty in distinguishing severe hyperplasia from malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "endometrial carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 32]}, {"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [189, 200]}, {"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cyclical low - dose oestrogen therapy with 7 - - 13 days of progestagen does not seem to increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "oestrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "progestagen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "endometrial hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 133]}, {"entity": "carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effect of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction was studied in male rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ninety - three rats were randomly divided into three groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The exercise - isoproterenol ( E - 1 ) and exercise control ( EC ) groups exercised daily for thirty days on a treadmill at 1 mph , 2 % grade while animals of the sedentary - isoproterenol ( S - I ) group remained sedentary .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight animals were assigned to the sedentary control ( SC ) group which remained sedentary throughout the experimental period .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - eight hours after the final exercise period , S - I and E - I animals received a single subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol ( 250 mg / kg body weight ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [122, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Animals of the S - I group exhibited significantly ( Pp less than 0 . 05 ) greater mortality from the effects of isoproterenol than animals of the E - I group .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serum CPK activity for E - I animals was significantly ( p less than 0 . 05 ) greater than for animals in the S - I and EC groups twenty hours following isoproterenol injection .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [153, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No statistically significant differences were observed between the two isoproterenol treated groups for severity of the induced lesions , changes in heart weight , or heart weight to body weight ratios .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicated that exercise reduced the mortality associated with the effects of large dosages of isoproterenol but had little on the severity of the infarction .", "entity": [{"entity": "isoproterenol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human corticotropin - releasing hormone and thyrotropin - releasing hormone modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticotropin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "thyrotropin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "hypercapnic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human corticotropin - releasing hormone ( hCRH ) and thyrotropin - releasing hormone ( TRH ) are known to stimulate ventilation after i . v . administration in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "corticotropin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [6, 19]}, {"entity": "thyrotropin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a placebo - controlled , single - blind study we aimed to clarify if both peptides act by altering central chemosensitivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two subsequent CO2 - rebreathing tests were performed in healthy young volunteers .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During the first test 0 . 9 % NaCl was given i . v . ; during the second test 200 micrograms of hCRH ( n = 12 ) or 400 micrograms of TRH ( n = 6 ) was administered i . v . Nine subjects received 0 . 9 % NaCl i . v . during both rebreathing manoeuvres .", "entity": [{"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "NaCl", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [203, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CO2 - response curves for the two tests were compared within the same subject .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the hCRH group a marked parallel shift of the CO2 - response curve to the left was observed after hCRH ( P < 0 . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same effect occurred following TRH but was less striking ( P = 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hCRH and TRH caused a reduction in the CO2 threshold .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The CO2 - response curves in the control group were nearly identical .", "entity": [{"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [4, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results indicate an additive effect of both releasing hormones on the hypercapnic ventilatory response in humans , presumably independent of central chemosensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypercapnic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B virus DNA in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen carriers : a placebo - controlled trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B surface antigen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lamivudine is a novel 2 ' , 3 ' - dideoxy cytosine analogue that has potent inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "2 ' , 3 ' - dideoxy cytosine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 50]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed a single - blind , placebo - controlled study to assess its effectiveness and safety in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B surface antigen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [109, 136]}, {"entity": "HBsAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [139, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty - two Chinese HBsAg carriers were randomized to receive placebo ( 6 patients ) or lamivudine orally in dosages of 25 mg , 100 mg , or 300 mg daily ( 12 patients for each dosage ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "HBsAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The drug was given for 4 weeks .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients were closely monitored clinically , biochemically , and serologically up to 4 weeks after drug treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All 36 patients receiving lamivudine had a decrease in hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA values of > 90 % ( P < . 001 compared with placebo ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although 25 mg of lamivudine was slightly less effective than 100 mg ( P = . 011 ) and 300 mg ( P = . 005 ) , it still induced 94 % suppression of HBV DNA after the fourth week of therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HBV DNA values returned to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks of cessation of therapy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no change in the hepatitis B e antigen status or in aminotransferase levels .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis B", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No serious adverse events were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , a 4 - week course of lamivudine was safe and effective in suppression of HBV DNA in Chinese HBsAg carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "HBsAg", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The suppression was > 90 % but reversible .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies with long - term lamivudine administration should be performed to determine if prolonged suppression of HBV DNA can be achieved .", "entity": [{"entity": "lamivudine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population - based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated with various oral contraceptives .", "entity": [{"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "oral contraceptives", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : Four studies published since December , 1995 , reported that the incidence of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) was higher in women who used oral contraceptives ( OCs ) containing the third - generation progestagens gestodene or desogestrel than in users of OCs containing second - generation progestagens .", "entity": [{"entity": "venous thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 119]}, {"entity": "oral contraceptives", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 170]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [173, 176]}, {"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [213, 225]}, {"entity": "gestodene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [226, 235]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [239, 250]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [268, 271]}, {"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [303, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , confounding and bias in the design of these studies may have affected the findings .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of our study was to re - examine the association between risk of VTE and OC use with a different study design and analysis to avoid some of the bias and confounding of the earlier studies .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "OC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : We used computer records of patients from 143 general practices in the UK .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The study was based on the medical records of about 540 , 000 women born between 1941 and 1981 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All women who had a recorded diagnosis of deep - vein thrombosis , venous thrombosis not otherwise specified , or pulmonary embolus during the study period , and who had been treated with an anticoagulant were identified as potential cases of VTE .", "entity": [{"entity": "deep - vein thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 64]}, {"entity": "venous thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 84]}, {"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We did a cohort analysis to estimate and compare incidence of VTE in users of the main OC preparations , and a nested case - control study to calculate the odds ratios of VTE associated with use of different types of OC , after adjustment for potential confounding factors .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 65]}, {"entity": "OC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [87, 89]}, {"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 174]}, {"entity": "OC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 219]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the case - control study , we matched cases to controls by exact year of birth , practice , and current use of OCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We used a multiple logistic regression model that included body - mass index , number of cycles , change in type of OC prescribed within 3 months of the event , previous pregnancy , and concurrent disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "OC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "FINDINGS : 85 women met the inclusion criteria for VTE , two of whom were users of progestagen - only OCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "progestagen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 83 cases of VTE associated with use of combined OCs , 43 were recorded as deep - vein thrombosis , 35 as pulmonary thrombosis , and five as venous thrombosis not otherwise specified .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "deep - vein thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 103]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 132]}, {"entity": "venous thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The crude rate of VTE per 10 , 000 woman - years was 4 . 10 in current users of any OC , 3 . 10 in users of second - generation OCs , and 4 . 96 in users of third - generation preparations .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "OC", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [128, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After adjustment for age , the rate ratio of VTE in users of third - generation relative to second - generation OCs was 1 . 68 ( 95 % CI 1 . 04 - 2 . 75 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Logistic regression showed no significant difference in the risk of VTE between users of third - generation and second - generation OCs .", "entity": [{"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among users of third - generation progestagens , the risk of VTE was higher in users of desogestrel with 20 g ethinyloestradiol than in users of gestodene or desogestrel with 30 g ethinyloestradiol .", "entity": [{"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "ethinyloestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "gestodene", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [145, 154]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "ethinyloestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With all second - generation OCs as the reference , the odds ratios for VTE were 3 . 49 ( 1 . 21 - 10 . 12 ) for desogestrel plus 20 g ethinyloestradiol and 1 . 18 ( 0 . 66 - 2 . 17 ) for the other third - generation progestagens .", "entity": [{"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "VTE", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 124]}, {"entity": "ethinyloestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 152]}, {"entity": "progestagens", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [217, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "INTERPRETATION : The previously reported increase in odds ratio associated with third - generation OCs when compared with second - generation products is likely to have been the result of residual confounding by age .", "entity": [{"entity": "OCs", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The increased odds ratio associated with products containing 20 micrograms ethinyloestradiol and desogestrel compared with the 30 micrograms product is biologically implausible , and is likely to be the result of preferential prescribing and , thus , confounding .", "entity": [{"entity": "ethinyloestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 92]}, {"entity": "desogestrel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [97, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MK - 801 augments pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure but protects against brain damage in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The authors examined the anticonvulsant effects of MK - 801 on the pilocarpine - induced seizure model .", "entity": [{"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine ( 400 mg / kg ) induced tonic and clonic seizure .", "entity": [{"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "tonic and clonic seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopolamine ( 10 mg / kg ) and pentobarbital ( 5 mg / kg ) prevented development of pilocarpine - induced behavioral seizure but MK - 801 ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) did not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 124]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An electrical seizure measured with hippocampal EEG appeared in the pilocarpine - treated group .", "entity": [{"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scopolamine and pentobarbital blocked the pilocarpine - induced electrographic seizure , MK - 801 treatment augmented the electrographic seizure induced by pilocarpine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "seizure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [156, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Brain damage was assessed by examining the hippocampus microscopically .", "entity": [{"entity": "Brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pilocarpine produced neuronal death in the hippocampus , which showed pyknotic changes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "neuronal death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pentobarbital , scopolamine and MK - 801 protected the brain damage by pilocarpine , though in the MK - 801 - treated group , the pyramidal cells of hippocampus appeared darker than normal .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentobarbital", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "scopolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "MK - 801", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [99, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all treatments , granule cells of the dentate gyrus were not affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine is initiated by cholinergic overstimulation and propagated by glutamatergic transmission , the elevation of which may cause brain damage through an excitatory NMDA receptor - mediated mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "status epilepticus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "pilocarpine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 69]}, {"entity": "brain damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 206]}, {"entity": "NMDA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel , 5 - fluorouracil , and folinic acid in metastatic breast cancer : BRE - 26 , a phase II trial .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "folinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - Fluorouracil plus folinic acid and paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol - Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) are effective salvage therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "5 - Fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "folinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "Taxol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paclitaxel and 5 - fluorouracil have additive cytotoxicity in MCF - 7 cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "cytotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed a phase II trial of paclitaxel 175 mg / m2 over 3 hours on day I followed by folinic acid 300 mg over 1 hour before 5 - fluorouracil 350 mg / m2 on days 1 to 3 every 28 days ( TFL ) in women with metastatic breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "folinic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 102]}, {"entity": "5 - fluorouracil", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 145]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [220, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis is reported on 37 patients with a minimum of 6 months follow - up who received a total of 192 cycles of TFL : nine cycles ( 5 % ) were associated with grade 3 / 4 neutropenia requiring hospitalization ; seven ( 4 % ) cycles in two patients required granulocyte colony - stimulating factor due to neutropenia ; no patient required platelet transfusions .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [172, 183]}, {"entity": "granulocyte colony - stimulating factor", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [258, 297]}, {"entity": "neutropenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [305, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Grade 3 / 4 nonhematologic toxicities were uncommon .", "entity": [{"entity": "toxicities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the 34 patients evaluable for response , there were three complete responses ( 9 % ) and 18 partial responses ( 53 % ) for an overall response rate of 62 % .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of the 19 evaluable patients with prior doxorubicin exposure , 11 ( 58 % ) responded compared with nine of 15 ( 60 % ) without prior doxorubicin .", "entity": [{"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "doxorubicin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [133, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Plasma paclitaxel concentrations were measured at the completion of paclitaxel infusion and at 24 hours in 19 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "paclitaxel", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TFL is an active , well - tolerated regimen in metastatic breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Efficacy and proarrhythmia with the use of d , l - sotalol for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "proarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study prospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy , the incidence of torsades de pointes , and the presumable risk factors for torsades de pointes in patients treated with d , l - sotalol for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 95]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 153]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [179, 194]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [209, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eighty - one consecutive patients ( 54 with coronary artery disease , and 20 with dilated cardiomyopathy ) with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation received oral d , l - sotalol to prevent induction of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary artery disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 67]}, {"entity": "dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 104]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 155]}, {"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 183]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 213]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [242, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During oral loading with d , l - sotalol , continuous electrocardiographic ( ECG ) monitoring was performed .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Those patients in whom d , l - sotalol prevented induction of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were discharged with the drug and followed up on an outpatient basis for 21 + / - 18 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Induction of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia was prevented by oral d , l - sotalol in 35 ( 43 % ) patients ; the ventricular tachyarrhythmia remained inducible in 40 ( 49 % ) patients ; and two ( 2 . 5 % ) patients did not tolerate even 40 mg of d , l - sotalol once daily .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 44]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 140]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [246, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four ( 5 % ) patients had from torsades de pointes during the initial oral treatment with d , l - sotalol .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither ECG [ sinus - cycle length ( SCL ) , QT or QTc interval , or U wave ] nor clinical parameters identified patients at risk for torsades de pointes .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the oral dose of d , l - sotalol was significantly lower in patients with torsades de pointes ( 200 + / - 46 vs . 328 + / - 53 mg / day ; p = 0 . 0017 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk factors associated with the development of torsades de pointes were the appearance of an U wave ( p = 0 . 049 ) , female gender ( p = 0 . 015 ) , and significant dose - corrected changes of SCL , QT interval , and QTc interval ( p < 0 . 05 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "During follow - up , seven ( 20 % ) patients had a nonfatal ventricular tachycardia recurrence , and two ( 6 % ) patients died suddenly .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One female patient with stable cardiac disease had recurrent torsades de pointes after 2 years of successful treatment with d , l - sotalol .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 80]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Torsades de pointes occurred early during treatment even with low doses of oral d , l - sotalol .", "entity": [{"entity": "Torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pronounced changes in the surface ECG ( cycle length , QT , and QTc ) in relation to the dose of oral d , l - sotalol might identify a subgroup of patients with an increased risk for torsades de pointes .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [102, 117]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [183, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other ECG parameters before the application of d , l - sotalol did not identify patients at increased risk for torsades de pointes .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 62]}, {"entity": "torsades de pointes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recurrence rates of ventricular tachyarrhythmias are high despite complete suppression of the arrhythmia during programmed stimulation .", "entity": [{"entity": "ventricular tachyarrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 48]}, {"entity": "arrhythmia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore programmed electrical stimulation in the case of d , l - sotalol seems to be of limited prognostic value .", "entity": [{"entity": "d , l - sotalol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Chronic hyperprolactinemia and changes in dopamine neurons .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 26]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic ( TIDA ) system is known to inhibit prolactin ( PRL ) secretion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In young animals this system responds to acute elevations in serum PRL by increasing its activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , this responsiveness is lost in aging rats with chronically high serum PRL levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The purpose of this study was to induce hyperprolactinemia in rats for extended periods of time and examine its effects on dopaminergic systems in the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperprolactinemia was induced by treatment with haloperidol , a dopamine receptor antagonist , and Palkovits ' microdissection technique in combination with high - performance liquid chromatography was used to measure neurotransmitter concentrations in several areas of the brain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 6 months of hyperprolactinemia , dopamine ( DA ) concentrations in the median eminence ( ME ) increased by 84 % over the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine months of hyperprolactinemia produced a 50 % increase in DA concentrations in the ME over the control group .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , DA response was lost if a 9 - month long haloperidol - induced hyperprolactinemia was followed by a 1 1 / 2 month - long extremely high increase in serum PRL levels produced by implantation of MMQ cells under the kidney capsule .", "entity": [{"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "haloperidol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There was no change in the levels of DA , norepinephrine ( NE ) , serotonin ( 5 - HT ) , or their metabolites in the arcuate nucleus ( AN ) , medial preoptic area ( MPA ) , caudate putamen ( CP ) , substantia nigra ( SN ) , and zona incerta ( ZI ) , except for a decrease in 5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5 - HIAA ) in the AN after 6 - months of hyperprolactinemia and an increase in DA concentrations in the AN after 9 - months of hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [37, 39]}, {"entity": "norepinephrine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "NE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 75]}, {"entity": "5 - HT", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "5 - hydroxyindoleacetic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [275, 303]}, {"entity": "5 - HIAA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [306, 314]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [347, 365]}, {"entity": "DA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [385, 387]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [433, 451]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results demonstrate that hyperprolactinemia specifically affects TIDA neurons and these effects vary , depending on the duration and intensity of hyperprolactinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "hyperprolactinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The age - related decrease in hypothalamic dopamine function may be associated with increases in PRL secretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Treatment - related disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy with characteristic contrast enhancement of the white matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report describes unique contrast enhancement of the white matter on T1 - weighted magnetic resonance images of two patients with disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy , which developed from acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with high - dose methotrexate .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 178]}, {"entity": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 230]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In both patients , the enhancement was more pronounced near the base of the brain than at the vertex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Necropsy of the first case revealed loss of myelination and necrosis of the white matter .", "entity": [{"entity": "loss of myelination", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 55]}, {"entity": "necrosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Possible mechanisms causing such a leukoencephalopathy are discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukoencephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombotic complications in acute promyelocytic leukemia during all - trans - retinoic acid therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrombotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 56]}, {"entity": "all - trans - retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [64, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A case of acute renal failure , due to occlusion of renal vessels in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) treated with all - trans - retinoic acid ( ATRA ) and tranexamic acid has been described recently .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 29]}, {"entity": "occlusion of renal vessels", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 65]}, {"entity": "acute promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 112]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 118]}, {"entity": "all - trans - retinoic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [134, 161]}, {"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 168]}, {"entity": "tranexamic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [175, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a case of acute renal failure in an APL patient treated with ATRA alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This case further supports the concern about thromboembolic complications associated with ATRA therapy in APL patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "thromboembolic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 94]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients , a 43 - year - old man , presented all the signs and symptoms of APL and was included in a treatment protocol with ATRA .", "entity": [{"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [129, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After 10 days of treatment , he developed acute renal failure that was completely reversible after complete remission of APL was achieved and therapy discontinued .", "entity": [{"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 61]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that ATRA is a valid therapeutic choice for patients with APL , although the procoagulant tendency is not completely corrected .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATRA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "APL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thrombotic events , however , could be avoided by using low - dose heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thrombotic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pupillary changes associated with the development of stimulant - induced mania : a case report .", "entity": [{"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 30 - year - old cocaine - dependent man who was a subject in a study evaluating the anticraving efficacy of the stimulant medication diethylpropion ( DEP ) became manic during his second week on the study drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "diethylpropion", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "DEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [152, 155]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pupillometric changes while on DEP , especially changes in the total power of pupillary oscillation , were dramatically different than those observed in the eight other study subjects who did not become manic .", "entity": [{"entity": "DEP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "pupillary oscillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 99]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [203, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The large changes in total power of pupillary oscillation occurred a few days before the patient became fully manic .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupillary oscillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 57]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Such medication - associated changes in the total power of pupillary oscillation might be of utility in identifying persons at risk for manic - like adverse effects during the medical use of psychomotor stimulants or sympathomimetic agents .", "entity": [{"entity": "pupillary oscillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "manic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fetal risks due to warfarin therapy during pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two mothers with heart valve prosthesis were treated with warfarin during pregnancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the first case a caesarean section was done one week after replacement of warfarin with heparin .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The baby died of cerebral and pulmonary hemorrhage .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral and pulmonary hemorrhage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The second mother had a male infant by caesarean section .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The baby showed warfarin - induced embryopathy with nasal hypoplasia and stippled epiphyses ( chondrodysplasia punctata ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "embryopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "nasal hypoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "stippled epiphyses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 91]}, {"entity": "chondrodysplasia punctata", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nasal hypoplasia with or without stippled epiphyses has now been reported in 11 infants born to mothers treated with warfarin during the first trimester , and a causal association is probable .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nasal hypoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "stippled epiphyses", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "warfarin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In view of the risks to both mother and fetus in women with prosthetic cardiac valves it is recommended that therapeutic abortion be advised as the first alternative .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The negative mucosal potential : separating central and peripheral effects of NSAIDs in man .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : We wanted to test whether assessment of both a central pain - related signal ( chemo - somatosensory evoked potential , CSSEP ) and a concomitantly recorded peripheral signal ( negative mucosal potential , NMP ) allows for separation of central and peripheral effects of NSAIDs .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , experimental conditions were created in which NSAIDs had previously been observed to produce effects on phasic and tonic pain by either central or peripheral mechanisms .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS : According to a double - blind , randomised , controlled , threefold cross - over design , 18 healthy subjects ( 11 males , 7 females ; mean age 26 years ) received either placebo , 400 mg ibuprofen , or 800 mg ibuprofen .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [198, 207]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phasic pain was applied by means of short pulses of CO2 to the nasal mucosa ( stimulus duration 500 ms , interval approximately 60 s ) , and tonic pain was induced in the nasal cavity by means of dry air of controlled temperature , humidity and flow rate ( 22 degrees C , 0 % relative humidity , 145 ml . s - 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both CSSEPs as central and NMPs as peripheral correlates of pain were obtained in response to the CO2 stimuli .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "CO2", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the subjects rated the intensity of both phasic and tonic pain by means of visual analogue scales .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : As described earlier , administration of ibuprofen was followed by a decrease in tonic pain but - relative to placebo - an increase in correlates of phasic pain , indicating a specific effect of ibuprofen on the interaction between the pain stimuli under these special experimental conditions .", "entity": [{"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 170]}, {"entity": "ibuprofen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [205, 214]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [246, 250]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on the similar behaviour of CSSEP and NMP , it was concluded that the pharmacological process underlying this phenomenon was localised in the periphery .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By means of the simultaneous recording of interrelated peripheral and central electrophysiologic correlates of nociception , it was possible to separate central and peripheral effects of an NSAID .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major advantage of this pain model is the possibility of obtaining peripheral pain - related activity directly using a non - invasive technique in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effect of D - Glucarates on basic antibiotic - induced renal damage in rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - Glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dehydrated rats regularly develop acute renal failure following single injection of aminoglycoside antibiotics combined with dextran or of antibiotics only .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dehydrated", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "acute renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral administration of 2 , 5 - di - O - acetyl - D - glucaro - 1 , 4 - 6 , 3 - dilactone protected rats against renal failure induced by kanamycin - dextran .", "entity": [{"entity": "2 , 5 - di - O - acetyl - D - glucaro - 1 , 4 - 6 , 3 - dilactone", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 88]}, {"entity": "renal failure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 125]}, {"entity": "kanamycin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The protective effect was prevalent among D - glucarates , and also to other saccharic acid , hexauronic acids and hexaaldonic acids , although to a lesser degree , but not to a hexaaldose , sugar alcohols , substances inthe TCA cycle and other acidic compounds .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "saccharic acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 91]}, {"entity": "hexauronic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [94, 110]}, {"entity": "hexaaldonic acids", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [115, 132]}, {"entity": "sugar alcohols", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [191, 205]}, {"entity": "TCA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [225, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D - Glucarates were effective against renal damage induced by peptide antibiotics as well as various aminoglycoside antibitocis .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - Glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "aminoglycoside", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dose - responses were observed in the protective effect of D - Glucarates .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - Glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With a D - glucarate of a fixed size of dose , approximately the same degree of protection was obtained against renal damages induced by different basic antibiotics despite large disparities in administration doses of different antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - glucarate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "renal damages", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "D - Glucarates had the ability to prevent renal damage but not to cure it .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - Glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "renal damage", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rats excreted acidic urine when they were spared from renal lesions by monosaccharides .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal lesions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "monosaccharides", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [71, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The reduction effect of D - glucarates against nephrotoxicity of basic antibiotics was discussed .", "entity": [{"entity": "D - glucarates", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "nephrotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Acute severe depression following peri - operative ondansetron .", "entity": [{"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "ondansetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 41 - year - old woman with a strong history of postoperative nausea and vomiting presented for abdominal hysterectomy 3 months after a previous anaesthetic where ondansetron prophylaxis had been used .", "entity": [{"entity": "postoperative nausea and vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 82]}, {"entity": "ondansetron", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [164, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had developed a severe acute major depression disorder almost immediately thereafter , possibly related to the use of a serotonin antagonist .", "entity": [{"entity": "major depression disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 58]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [124, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine years before she had experienced a self - limited puerperal depressive episode .", "entity": [{"entity": "depressive episode", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Anaesthesia with a propofol infusion and avoidance of serotonin antagonists provided a nausea - free postoperative course without exacerbation of the depression disorder .", "entity": [{"entity": "propofol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "nausea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 93]}, {"entity": "depression disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypertensive response during dobutamine stress echocardiography .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among 3 , 129 dobutamine stress echocardiographic studies , a hypertensive response , defined as systolic blood pressure ( BP ) > or = 220 mm Hg and / or diastolic BP > or = 110 mm Hg , occurred in 30 patients ( 1 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with this response more often had a history of hypertension and had higher resting systolic and diastolic BP before dobutamine infusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 68]}, {"entity": "dobutamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Continuously nebulized albuterol in severe exacerbations of asthma in adults : a case - controlled study .", "entity": [{"entity": "albuterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A retrospective , case - controlled analysis comparing patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit with severe exacerbations of asthma who received continuously nebulized albuterol ( CNA ) versus intermittent albuterol ( INA ) treatments is reported .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "albuterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "albuterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [216, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Forty matched pairs of patients with asthma are compared .", "entity": [{"entity": "asthma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA was administered for a mean of 11 + / - 10 hr .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias was similar between groups .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac dysrhythmias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Symptomatic hypokalemia did not occur .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypokalemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CNA patients had higher heart rates during treatment , which may reflect severity of illness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of intubation was similar .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that CNA and INA demonstrated similar profiles with regard to safety , morbidity , and mortality .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paraplegia following intrathecal methotrexate : report of a case and review of the literature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Paraplegia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A patient who developed paraplegia following the intrathecal instillation of methotrexate is discribed .", "entity": [{"entity": "paraplegia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [77, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ten previously reported cases of this unusual complication are reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The following factors appear to predispose to the development of this complication : abnormal cerebrospinal dynamics related to the presence of central nervous system leukemia , and epidural cerebrospinal leakage ; elevated cerebrospinal fluid methothexate concentration related to abnormal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and to inappropriately high methotrexate doses based on body surface area calculations in older children and adults ; the presence of neurotoxic preservatives in commercially available methotrexate preparations and diluents ; and the use of methotrexate diluents of unphysiologic pH , ionic content and osmolarity .", "entity": [{"entity": "central nervous system leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 175]}, {"entity": "methothexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [244, 256]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [348, 360]}, {"entity": "neurotoxic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [454, 464]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [505, 517]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [561, 573]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The role of methotrexate contaminants , local folate deficiency , and cranial irradiation in the pathogenesis of intrathecal methotrexate toxicity is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "folate deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 63]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "toxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The incidence of neurotoxicity may be reduced by employing lower doses of methotrexate in the presence of central nervous system leukemia , in older children and adults , and in the presence of epidural leakage .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "central nervous system leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only preservative - free methotrexate in Elliott ' s B Solution at a concentration of not more than 1 mg / ml should be used for intrathecal administration .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Periodic monitoring of cerebruspinal fluid methotrexate levels may be predictive of the development of serious neurotoxicity .", "entity": [{"entity": "methotrexate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "neurotoxicity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma precipitated by lithium - induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 45 - year - old man , with a 10 - year history of manic depression treated with lithium , was admitted with hyperosmolar , nonketotic coma .", "entity": [{"entity": "manic depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 68]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [82, 89]}, {"entity": "hyperosmolar , nonketotic coma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He gave a five - year history of polyuria and polydipsia , during which time urinalysis had been negative for glucose .", "entity": [{"entity": "polyuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "polydipsia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After recovery from hyperglycaemia , he remained polyuric despite normal blood glucose concentrations ; water deprivation testing indicated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus , likely to be lithium - induced .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperglycaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "polyuric", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 170]}, {"entity": "lithium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [186, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We hypothesize that when this man developed type 2 diabetes , chronic polyuria due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was sufficient to precipitate hyperosmolar dehydration .", "entity": [{"entity": "type 2 diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "polyuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "nephrogenic diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 116]}, {"entity": "dehydration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of the intracoronary infusion of cocaine on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND : In dogs , a large amount of intravenous cocaine causes a profound deterioration of left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function and an increase in LV end - diastolic pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "deterioration of left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study was done to assess the influence of a high intracoronary cocaine concentration on LV systolic and diastolic function in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS AND RESULTS : In 20 patients ( 14 men and 6 women aged 39 to 72 years ) referred for cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of chest pain , we measured heart rate , systemic arterial pressure , LV pressure and its first derivative ( dP / dt ) , and LV volumes and ejection fraction before and during the final 2 to 3 minutes of a 15 - minute intracoronary infusion of saline ( n = 10 , control subjects ) or cocaine hydrochloride 1 mg / min ( n = 10 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "chest pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 149]}, {"entity": "cocaine hydrochloride", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [420, 441]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No variable changed with saline .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With cocaine , the drug concentration in blood obtained from the coronary sinus was 3 . 0 + / - 0 . 4 ( mean + / - SD ) mg / L , similar in magnitude to the blood cocaine concentration reported in abusers dying of cocaine intoxication .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [214, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cocaine induced no significant change in heart rate , LV dP / dt ( positive or negative ) , or LV end - diastolic volume , but it caused an increase in systolic and mean arterial pressures , LV end - diastolic pressure , and LV end - systolic volume , as well as a decrease in LV ejection fraction .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS : In humans , the intracoronary infusion of cocaine sufficient in amount to achieve a high drug concentration in coronary sinus blood causes a deterioration of LV systolic and diastolic performance .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "deterioration of LV systolic and diastolic performance", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ascending dose tolerance study of intramuscular carbetocin administered after normal vaginal birth .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbetocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : To determine the maximum tolerated dose ( MTD ) of carbetocin ( a long - acting synthetic analogue of oxytocin ) , when administered immediately after vaginal delivery at term .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbetocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "oxytocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS : Carbetocin was given as an intramuscular injection immediately after the birth of the infant in 45 healthy women with normal singleton pregnancies who delivered vaginally at term .", "entity": [{"entity": "Carbetocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dosage groups of 15 , 30 , 50 , 75 , 100 , 125 , 150 , 175 or 200 microg carbetocin were assigned to blocks of three women according to the continual reassessment method ( CRM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbetocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS : All dosage groups consisted of three women , except those with 100 microg ( n = 6 ) and 200 microg ( n = 18 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recorded were dose - limiting adverse events : hyper - or hypotension ( three ) , severe abdominal pain ( 0 ) , vomiting ( 0 ) and retained placenta ( four ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyper - or hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 69]}, {"entity": "abdominal pain", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "vomiting", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 120]}, {"entity": "retained placenta", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Serious adverse events occurred in seven women : six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml , four cases of manual placenta removal , five cases of additional oxytocics administration and five cases of blood transfusion .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maximum blood loss was greatest at the upper and lower dose levels , and lowest in the 70 - 125 microg dose range .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four out of six cases with blood loss > or = 1000 ml occurred in the 200 microg group .", "entity": [{"entity": "blood loss", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of additional administration of oxytocics ( 4 / 5 ) and blood transfusion ( 3 / 5 ) occurred in the dose groups of 200 microg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All retained placentae were found in the group of 200 microg .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : The MTD was calculated to be at 200 microg carbetocin .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbetocin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , paradoxical thromboembolism , and other side effects of heparin therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "thromboembolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although several new anticoagulant drugs are in development , heparin remains the drug of choice for most anticoagulation needs .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Important untoward effects of heparin therapy including heparin - induced thrombocytopenia , heparin - associated osteoporosis , eosinophilia , skin reactions , allergic reactions other than thrombocytopenia and alopecia will be discussed in this article .", "entity": [{"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 90]}, {"entity": "heparin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [93, 100]}, {"entity": "osteoporosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "eosinophilia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 141]}, {"entity": "skin reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "allergic reactions", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [161, 179]}, {"entity": "thrombocytopenia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 207]}, {"entity": "alopecia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [212, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonopaque crystal deposition causing ureteric obstruction in patients with HIV undergoing indinavir therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ureteric obstruction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE : We describe the unique CT features of ureteric calculi in six HIV - infected patients receiving indinavir , the most commonly used HIV protease inhibitor , which is associated with an increased incidence of urolithiasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "ureteric calculi", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 66]}, {"entity": "HIV - infected", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 117]}, {"entity": "urolithiasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [219, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION : Ureteric obstruction caused by precipitated indinavir crystals may be difficult to diagnose with unenhanced CT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ureteric obstruction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 33]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The calculi are not opaque , and secondary signs of obstruction may be absent or minimal and should be sought carefully .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Images may need to be obtained using i . v . contrast material to enable diagnosis of ureteric stones or obstruction in patients with HIV infection who receive indinavir therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ureteric stones or obstruction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 116]}, {"entity": "HIV infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "indinavir", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [160, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ischemic colitis and sumatriptan use .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ischemic colitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sumatriptan succinate , a serotonin - 1 ( 5 - hydroxytryptamine - 1 ) receptor agonist , is an antimigraine drug that is reported to act by selectively constricting intracranial arteries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sumatriptan succinate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "serotonin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "5 - hydroxytryptamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , vasopressor responses that are distinct from the cranial circulation have been demonstrated to occur in the systemic , pulmonary , and coronary circulations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cases have been published of coronary vasospasm , myocardial ischemia , and myocardial infarction occurring after sumatriptan use .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronary vasospasm", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "myocardial ischemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 69]}, {"entity": "myocardial infarction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [114, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on the development of 8 serious cases of ischemic colitis in patients with migraine treated with sumatriptan .", "entity": [{"entity": "ischemic colitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "migraine", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "sumatriptan", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pallidotomy with the gamma knife : a positive experience .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "51 patients with medically refractory Parkinson ' s disease underwent stereotactic posteromedial pallidotomy between August 1993 and February 1997 for treatment of bradykinesia , rigidity , and L - DOPA - induced dyskinesias .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 59]}, {"entity": "bradykinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [164, 176]}, {"entity": "rigidity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 187]}, {"entity": "L - DOPA", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [194, 202]}, {"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 29 patients , the pallidotomies were performed with the Leksell Gamma Knife and in 22 they were performed with the standard radiofrequency ( RF ) method .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical assessment as well as blinded ratings of Unified Parkinson ' s Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) scores were carried out pre - and postoperatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s Disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mean follow - up time is 20 . 6 months ( range 6 - 48 ) and all except 4 patients have been followed more than one year .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "85 percent of patients with dyskinesias were relieved of symptoms , regardless of whether the pallidotomies were performed with the Gamma Knife or radiofrequency methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "dyskinesias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "About 2 / 3 of the patients in both Gamma Knife and radiofrequency groups showed improvements in bradykinesia and rigidity , although when considered as a group neither the Gamma Knife nor the radiofrequency group showed statistically significant improvements in UPDRS scores .", "entity": [{"entity": "bradykinesia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 109]}, {"entity": "rigidity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One patient in the Gamma Knife group ( 3 . 4 % ) developed a homonymous hemianopsia 9 months following treatment and 5 patients ( 27 . 7 % ) in the radiofrequency group became transiently confused postoperatively .", "entity": [{"entity": "homonymous hemianopsia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No other complications were seen .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Gamma Knife pallidotomy is as effective as radiofrequency pallidotomy in controlling certain of the symptoms of Parkinson ' s disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Parkinson ' s disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It may be the only practical technique available in certain patients , such as those who take anticoagulants , have bleeding diatheses or serious systemic medical illnesses .", "entity": [{"entity": "bleeding", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is a viable option for other patients as well .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Centrally mediated cardiovascular effects of intracisternal application of carbachol in anesthetized rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pressor response to the intracisternal ( i . c . ) injection of carbachol ( 1 mug ) in anesthetized rats was analyzed .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This response was significantly reduced by the intravenous ( i . v . ) injection of guanethidine ( 5 mg ) , hexamethonium ( 10 mg ) or phentolamine ( 5 mg ) , and conversely , potentiated by i . v . desmethylimipramine ( 0 . 3 mg ) , while propranolol ( 0 . 5 mg ) i . v . selectively inhibited the enlargement of pulse pressure and the tachycardia following i . c . carbachol ( 1 mug ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "guanethidine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [84, 96]}, {"entity": "hexamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "phentolamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "desmethylimipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [199, 218]}, {"entity": "propranolol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [240, 251]}, {"entity": "enlargement of pulse pressure", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [299, 328]}, {"entity": "tachycardia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [337, 348]}, {"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [367, 376]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the other hand , the pressor response to i . c . carbachol ( 1 mug ) was almost completely blocked by i . c . atropine ( 3 mug ) or hexamethonium ( 500 mug ) , and significantly reduced by i . c . chlorpromazine ( 50 mug ) but significantly potentiated by i . c . desmethylimipramine ( 30 mug ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "atropine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [113, 121]}, {"entity": "hexamethonium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [135, 148]}, {"entity": "chlorpromazine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [200, 214]}, {"entity": "desmethylimipramine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [267, 286]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pressor response to i . c . carbachol ( 1 mug ) remained unchanged after sectioning of the bilateral cervical vagal nerves but disappeared after sectioning of the spinal cord ( C7 - C8 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "From the above result it is suggested that the pressor response to i . c . carbachol ortral and peripheral adrenergic mechanisms , and that the sympathetic trunk is the main pathway .", "entity": [{"entity": "carbachol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and methylphenidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A 1 - year - old female presented with neuroleptic malignant syndrome probably caused by methylphenidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 69]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "She had defects in the supratentorial brain including the basal ganglia and the striatum ( multicystic encephalomalacia ) due to severe perinatal hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy , which was considered to be a possible predisposing factor causing neuroleptic malignant syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "multicystic encephalomalacia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 119]}, {"entity": "hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 179]}, {"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [248, 278]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A dopaminergic blockade mechanism generally is accepted as the pathogenesis of this syndrome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , methylphenidate is a dopamine agonist via the inhibition of uptake of dopamine , and therefore dopaminergic systems in the brainstem ( mainly the midbrain ) and the spinal cord were unlikely to participate in the onset of this syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "dopamine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A relative gamma - aminobutyric acid - ergic deficiency might occur because diazepam , a gamma - aminobutyric acid - mimetic agent , was strikingly effective .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 36]}, {"entity": "diazepam", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [76, 84]}, {"entity": "gamma - aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is the first reported patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome probably caused by methylphenidate .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 70]}, {"entity": "methylphenidate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Differential effects of 17alpha - ethinylestradiol on the neutral and acidic pathways of bile salt synthesis in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "17alpha - ethinylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [24, 50]}, {"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Effects of 17alpha - ethinylestradiol ( EE ) on the neutral and acidic biosynthetic pathways of bile salt ( BS ) synthesis were evaluated in rats with an intact enterohepatic circulation and in rats with long - term bile diversion to induce BS synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "17alpha - ethinylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [40, 42]}, {"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [108, 110]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [241, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For this purpose , bile salt pool composition , synthesis of individual BS in vivo , hepatic activities , and expression levels of cholesterol 7alpha - hydroxylase ( CYP7A ) , and sterol 27 - hydroxylase ( CYP27 ) , as well as of other enzymes involved in BS synthesis , were analyzed in rats treated with EE ( 5 mg / kg , 3 days ) or its vehicle .", "entity": [{"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [72, 74]}, {"entity": "cholesterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [131, 142]}, {"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [180, 186]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [256, 258]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [306, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BS pool size was decreased by 27 % but total BS synthesis was not affected by EE in intact rats .", "entity": [{"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 2]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [45, 47]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Synthesis of cholate was reduced by 68 % in EE - treated rats , while that of chenodeoxycholate was increased by 60 % .", "entity": [{"entity": "cholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [44, 46]}, {"entity": "chenodeoxycholate", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The recently identified Delta22 - isomer of beta - muricholate contributed for 5 . 4 % and 18 . 3 % ( P < 0 . 01 ) to the pool in control and EE - treated rats , respectively , but could not be detected in bile after exhaustion of the pool .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [142, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A clear reduction of BS synthesis was found in bile - diverted rats treated with EE , yet biliary BS composition was only minimally affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [81, 83]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [98, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Activity of CYP7A was decreased by EE in both intact and bile - diverted rats , whereas the activity of the CYP27 was not affected .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [35, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hepatic mRNA levels of CYP7A were significantly reduced by EE in bile - diverted rats only ; CYP27 mRNA levels were not affected by EE .", "entity": [{"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [59, 61]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , mRNA levels of sterol 12alpha - hydroxylase and lithocholate 6beta - hydroxylase were increased by bile diversion and suppressed by EE .", "entity": [{"entity": "sterol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [146, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study shows that 17alpha - ethinylestradiol ( EE ) - induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats is associated with selective inhibition of the neutral pathway of bile salt ( BS ) synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "17alpha - ethinylestradiol", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [22, 48]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "intrahepatic cholestasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 90]}, {"entity": "bile salt", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [165, 174]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [177, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Simultaneous impairment of other enzymes in the BS biosynthetic pathways may contribute to overall effects of EE on BS synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 50]}, {"entity": "EE", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [110, 112]}, {"entity": "BS", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Glibenclamide - sensitive hypotension produced by helodermin assessed in the rat .", "entity": [{"entity": "Glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "helodermin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The effects of helodermin , a basic 35 - amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of a lizard salivary gland , on arterial blood pressure and heart rate were examined in the rat , focusing on the possibility that activation of ATP sensitive K + ( K ( ATP ) ) channels is involved in the responses .", "entity": [{"entity": "helodermin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [41, 51]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [229, 232]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [243, 244]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [249, 250]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [253, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results were also compared with those of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Helodermin produced hypotension in a dose - dependent manner with approximately similar potency and duration to VIP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Helodermin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hypotension induced by both peptides was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide , which abolished a levcromakalim - produced decrease in arterial blood pressure .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [69, 82]}, {"entity": "levcromakalim", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [103, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oxyhemoglobin did not affect helodermin - induced hypotension , whereas it shortened the duration of acetylcholine ( ACh ) - produced hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "helodermin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "acetylcholine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 114]}, {"entity": "ACh", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that helodermin - produced hypotension is partly attributable to the activation of glibenclamide - sensitive K + channels ( K ( ATP ) channels ) , which presumably exist on arterial smooth muscle cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "helodermin", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "glibenclamide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [106, 119]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [132, 133]}, {"entity": "K", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [147, 148]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [151, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "EDRF ( endothelium - derived relaxing factor ) / nitric oxide does not seem to play an important role in the peptide - produced hypotension .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitric oxide", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "hypotension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Long - term efficacy and adverse event of nifedipine sustained - release tablets for cyclosporin A - induced hypertension in patients with psoriasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "psoriasis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirteen psoriatic patients with hypertension during the course of cyclosporin A therapy were treated for 25 months with a calcium channel blocker , sustained - release nifedipine , to study the clinical antihypertensive effects and adverse events during treatment with both drugs .", "entity": [{"entity": "psoriatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 45]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [123, 130]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven of the 13 patients had exhibited a subclinical hypertensive state before cyclosporin A therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures of these 13 patients were decreased significantly after 4 weeks of nifedipine therapy , and blood pressure was maintained within the normal range thereafter for 25 months .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [111, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The adverse events during combined therapy with cyclosporin A and nifedipine included an increase in blood urea nitrogen levels in 9 of the 13 patients and development of gingival hyperplasia in 2 of the 13 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [66, 76]}, {"entity": "blood urea nitrogen", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [101, 120]}, {"entity": "gingival hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our findings indicate that sustained - release nifedipine is useful for hypertensive psoriatic patients under long - term treatment with cyclosporin A , but that these patients should be monitored for gingival hyperplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "nifedipine", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "hypertensive", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "psoriatic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 94]}, {"entity": "cyclosporin A", "entity_type": "Chemical", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "gingival hyperplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/bc5cdr/train.json b/IE-en/NER/bc5cdr/train.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/bc5cdr/train.json
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+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:7f73253ecd6b9ce64aa98a541b5dcb9727fd2a968f6a5a28f19c29b9c100199e
+size 1533754
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/.DS_Store b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/.DS_Store
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5008ddfcf53c02e82d7eee2e57c38e5672ef89f6
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diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf0d7836a7c62e5d5794758f5dd5c0807409b5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+["genre", "year", "plot", "average ratings", "actor", "title", "song", "character", "rating", "review", "director", "trailer"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/test.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90b5b13b52dfd0f709236d58556003de2353451a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2441 @@
+{"text": "are there any good romantic comedies out right now", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 36]}, {"entity": "right now", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie about cars that talk", "entity": [{"entity": "cars that talk", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the five star rated movies starring mel gibson", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "mel gibson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what science fiction films have come out recently", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "recently", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the same director make all of the harry potter movies", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me 1980s action movies", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the third movie in the star trek series", "entity": [{"entity": "star trek series", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you get a soundtrac for the harry potter films", "entity": [{"entity": "soundtrac", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "harry potter films", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me science fiction movies since 2005", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 23]}, {"entity": "since 2005", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most current movie featuring mat damon", "entity": [{"entity": "current", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "mat damon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me films where jim carrey is a detective", "entity": [{"entity": "jim carrey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "detective", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did george clooney make a musical in the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "george clooney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me films with both matt damon ad ben affleck", "entity": [{"entity": "matt damon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "ben affleck", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the borrowers movie", "entity": [{"entity": "borrowers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have u movie hm about to pg 18", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 18", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find rated g films with flying cars", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 12]}, {"entity": "flying cars", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the best rated stanley kubrick film", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "stanley kubrick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any films directed by shawn levy about large families", "entity": [{"entity": "shawn levy", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "large families", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list pg rated movies about cars released in the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "cars", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie won best picure at the 2012 oscars", "entity": [{"entity": "best picure", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "2012", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me childrens movies with daniel radcliffe from the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "daniel radcliffe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the plot behind 3 days of the condor", "entity": [{"entity": "3 days of the condor", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are considered the must see sci fi movies of the 1970s", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the film pulp fiction that starred john travolta", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "pulp fiction", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which film has the highest viewer rating this year", "entity": [{"entity": "highest viewer", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first movie in color", "entity": [{"entity": "color", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "may i have the highly acclaimed film from 1985 directed by sylvester stallone", "entity": [{"entity": "highly acclaimed", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "1985", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "sylvester stallone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the action films starring hugh jackman", "entity": [{"entity": "action films", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a bronx tale rated", "entity": [{"entity": "bronx tale", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg 13 movie thats scary", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies made in 2004 were pg", "entity": [{"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies with robert diniero in it", "entity": [{"entity": "robert diniero", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have pg 13 movies for the kidz", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "kidz", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the science fiction movies directed by shawn levy", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "shawn levy", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last film elizabeth montgomery starred in", "entity": [{"entity": "last", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "elizabeth montgomery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did george clooney direct any comedy films", "entity": [{"entity": "george clooney", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is brad pitts first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "brad pitts", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie that has a aerosmith song", "entity": [{"entity": "aerosmith song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any drama movies with seth green", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "seth green", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie with an aerosmith song", "entity": [{"entity": "aerosmith", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the highest rated kids new release", "entity": [{"entity": "highest rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "new release", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "worst review for 2011 movies", "entity": [{"entity": "worst review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the milos forman movies from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "milos forman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lets find an independent film company", "entity": [{"entity": "independent film", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movies were based off of video games besides resident evil", "entity": [{"entity": "based off of video games", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 42]}, {"entity": "resident evil", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did dame judy dench star in a british film about queen elizabeth", "entity": [{"entity": "dame judy dench", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "british", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "queen elizabeth", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "present list of family movies that chris columbus directed", "entity": [{"entity": "family movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "chris columbus", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with dogs as the main character", "entity": [{"entity": "dogs", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies about horse racing", "entity": [{"entity": "horse racing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me morgan freeman movies from the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "morgan freeman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movies that starred anne hathaway and julie andrews", "entity": [{"entity": "anne hathaway", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "julie andrews", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has sandra bullock made any g rated movies", "entity": [{"entity": "sandra bullock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the dirty harry films from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "dirty harry", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies about strippers", "entity": [{"entity": "strippers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any meg ryan romantic comedy movies that are considered must see", "entity": [{"entity": "meg ryan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [66, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was james camerons directorial debut", "entity": [{"entity": "james camerons", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are top 50 movies of all time", "entity": [{"entity": "top 50", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "all time", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me comedy movies with liam hemsworth", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "liam hemsworth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see cradle 2 the grave", "entity": [{"entity": "cradle 2 the grave", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the most popular movie from 2004", "entity": [{"entity": "most popular movie", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [13, 31]}, {"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the g rated movie about rabbits looking for a new home", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "rabbits looking for a new home", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what latest 3d movie of any genre is reccommend", "entity": [{"entity": "3d", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 14]}, {"entity": "reccommend", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies have tim burton and johnny depp done together", "entity": [{"entity": "tim burton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many times has matt damon been jason bourne", "entity": [{"entity": "matt damon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "jason bourne", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the latetest foreign romantic movie with lots of sex and sadness", "entity": [{"entity": "latetest", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "foreign romantic", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 35]}, {"entity": "sex", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "sadness", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list movies with jeremy piven released in the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "jeremy piven", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the collection of action movies of arnold", "entity": [{"entity": "action movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "arnold", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there comic book movies that are over pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "comic book movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the new batman movie looks epic", "entity": [{"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies who won awards", "entity": [{"entity": "awards", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the year that dirty dancing was released", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "dirty dancing", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "favorite quote from action movies", "entity": [{"entity": "action movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the g rated movies with dogs that were released in the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "dogs", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any silent movies made after 1930", "entity": [{"entity": "silent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "after 1930", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the actress in the goodbye girl with richard dreyfuss", "entity": [{"entity": "the goodbye girl", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "richard dreyfuss", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movies are made with video game plots", "entity": [{"entity": "video game", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what video game movies are due to release in 2013", "entity": [{"entity": "video game movies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "2013", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like the not to be missed nicole kidman musical", "entity": [{"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has the most remakes", "entity": [{"entity": "most", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what shakespeare films take place in italy", "entity": [{"entity": "shakespeare", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "italy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was channing tatums first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "channing tatums", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a list of movies about dancing from the past 10 years", "entity": [{"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "past 10 years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in project x", "entity": [{"entity": "project x", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find action movies featuring comic book characters", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "comic book characters", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some g rated movies with fairies", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 15]}, {"entity": "fairies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a movie starring britney spears", "entity": [{"entity": "britney spears", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie did rod serling write", "entity": [{"entity": "rod serling", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an animated adult fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "animated adult fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the song sunshine on my shoulders was the soundtrack for what movie", "entity": [{"entity": "sunshine on my shoulders", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies about popular game shows", "entity": [{"entity": "popular game shows", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the name of the actor that played v in v for vendetta", "entity": [{"entity": "v", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "v for vendetta", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last terminator sequel", "entity": [{"entity": "terminator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what science fiction movies were directed by george lucas", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed princess bride", "entity": [{"entity": "princess bride", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed james and the giant peach", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "james and the giant peach", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a western comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "western comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what type of movie is nine", "entity": [{"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies have starred brad pitt", "entity": [{"entity": "brad pitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a movie about talking animals", "entity": [{"entity": "talking animals", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a john malcovich thriller", "entity": [{"entity": "john malcovich", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "channing tatum has played what starring roles", "entity": [{"entity": "channing tatum", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list of actors a beautiful mind", "entity": [{"entity": "a beautiful mind", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "avatar came out when and what did it gross", "entity": [{"entity": "avatar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "when", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did angelina jolie play a russian in salt", "entity": [{"entity": "angelina jolie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "russian", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "salt", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did they make a movie version of absolutely fabulous", "entity": [{"entity": "absolutely fabulous", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a comedy movie with eddie murphy", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "eddie murphy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is brave about", "entity": [{"entity": "brave", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has ashton kutcher made any movies with zombies", "entity": [{"entity": "ashton kutcher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "zombies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie stars christopher walken an sean penn", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher walken", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "sean penn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies starring michael j fox from 1993", "entity": [{"entity": "michael j fox", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in marley and me", "entity": [{"entity": "marley and me", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has the song down with the sickness", "entity": [{"entity": "down with the sickness", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [24, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did simon pegg write any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "simon pegg", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any pg movies with car chases", "entity": [{"entity": "pg movies", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "car chases", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie won the most awards in 2005", "entity": [{"entity": "most awards", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "2005", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is puss in boots about", "entity": [{"entity": "puss in boots", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies have been released in the last ten years that involved terrorism", "entity": [{"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "terrorism", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed runaway jury", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "runaway jury", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a good spy movie based in england", "entity": [{"entity": "spy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "england", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what popular films released last month", "entity": [{"entity": "popular", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "last month", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did dean parisot direct sigourney weaver and tim allen in a comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "dean parisot", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "sigourney weaver", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "tim allen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the help", "entity": [{"entity": "the help", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of woody allens first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "woody allens", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some police dramas from the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many films did clive owen play in", "entity": [{"entity": "clive owen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any films that harmony korine regrets directing andor releasing to the public", "entity": [{"entity": "harmony korine", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "regrets", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an alfred hitchcock movie about trains", "entity": [{"entity": "alfred hitchcock", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "trains", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in rumble in the bronx", "entity": [{"entity": "rumble in the bronx", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first movie patrick stewart played in", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "patrick stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the film john carter about", "entity": [{"entity": "john carter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the longest running time for a movie in film history", "entity": [{"entity": "longest running time", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the release year for notes on a scandal", "entity": [{"entity": "release year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "notes on a scandal", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did milos forman direct a film with edward norton", "entity": [{"entity": "milos forman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "edward norton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies did christopher walkin star in", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher walkin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a list of pg rated comedies of this year", "entity": [{"entity": "pg rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some movies from the 80s starring bruce willis", "entity": [{"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "bruce willis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "waht was the plot of the deep blue sea", "entity": [{"entity": "the deep blue sea", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did guillermo del toro direct any moves rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "guillermo del toro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played james in james and the giant peach", "entity": [{"entity": "james", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "james and the giant peach", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies from 2006 star val kilmer", "entity": [{"entity": "2006", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "val kilmer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of movie is wanderlust", "entity": [{"entity": "kind", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "wanderlust", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did whitney houston sing in the preachers wife", "entity": [{"entity": "whitney houston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "the preachers wife", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what techno thriller gets a low rating", "entity": [{"entity": "techno", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "low rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good horror films that came out in 2008", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "2008", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i watch a preview of moneyball", "entity": [{"entity": "preview", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "moneyball", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most recent sean connery film", "entity": [{"entity": "most recent", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any scary pg rated movies", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "pg rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a recent george clooney movie with high viewers rating", "entity": [{"entity": "george clooney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "high viewers rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which animated childrens movies are considered timeless", "entity": [{"entity": "animated childrens movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "considered timeless", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [36, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie with the song my heart will go on", "entity": [{"entity": "my heart will go on", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some batman movies from the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "batman movies", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what horror movies have marilyn manson on the soundtrack", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "marilyn manson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me terry gilliam movies starring jeff bridges", "entity": [{"entity": "terry gilliam", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "jeff bridges", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a trailer for bowling for columbine", "entity": [{"entity": "bowling for columbine", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did interview with a vampire come out", "entity": [{"entity": "interview with a vampire", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in who framed roger rabbit", "entity": [{"entity": "who framed roger rabbit", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed 310 to yuma", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "310 to yuma", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies have batman and robin", "entity": [{"entity": "batman and robin", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a horror movie starring jennifer lopez", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "jennifer lopez", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the mpaa give doubt a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "doubt", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did vin diesel star in any comdedies", "entity": [{"entity": "vin diesel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "comdedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did ray liota direct any films", "entity": [{"entity": "ray liota", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did gwyneth paltrow play a mathematician in a movie with anthony hopkins", "entity": [{"entity": "gwyneth paltrow", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "mathematician", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "anthony hopkins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie based on a shakespeare play", "entity": [{"entity": "shakespeare play", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie with the song lets hear it for the boys", "entity": [{"entity": "lets hear it for the boys", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the fog rated", "entity": [{"entity": "the fog", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was johnny depps first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depps", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was goodfellas rated", "entity": [{"entity": "goodfellas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the donkey in shrek", "entity": [{"entity": "donkey", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "shrek", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did joe pesci direct any films", "entity": [{"entity": "joe pesci", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some horror movies from the 1970s", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a deborah harry movie", "entity": [{"entity": "deborah harry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "kung fu panda 2", "entity": [{"entity": "kung fu panda 2", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was the movie the seven year itch made", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "the seven year itch", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a comedy crime drama", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy crime drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie stared john travolta and debra winger", "entity": [{"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "debra winger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "directors of all the batman movies", "entity": [{"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the best werewolf movies", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "werewolf", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who voices shrek in shrek", "entity": [{"entity": "shrek", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "shrek", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was ray liota in any comedies", "entity": [{"entity": "ray liota", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie stars reese witherspoon in 2004", "entity": [{"entity": "reese witherspoon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie did ursula andress first appear in", "entity": [{"entity": "ursula andress", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies set in the middle east starring george clooney", "entity": [{"entity": "middle east", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "george clooney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was a love story about a woman who had alzheimers", "entity": [{"entity": "love story about a woman who had alzheimers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [11, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a john huston flick from the 1970s", "entity": [{"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played as princess fiona in shrek", "entity": [{"entity": "princess fiona", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "shrek", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the last airbender rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "the last airbender", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "rated g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me some grat action movies from the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "action movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me dramas about the british royal family", "entity": [{"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "british royal family", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first movie ever released", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies with catherine ohara that were set during christmas time", "entity": [{"entity": "catherine ohara", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "set during christmas time", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a james bond movie starring sean connery", "entity": [{"entity": "james bond", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the title of the bio pic about robert e howard", "entity": [{"entity": "robert e howard", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the theme song to stand by me", "entity": [{"entity": "stand by me", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did runaway jury come out", "entity": [{"entity": "runaway jury", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the japanese film versus", "entity": [{"entity": "versus", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a film that ben stiller directed", "entity": [{"entity": "ben stiller", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a kirk douglas science fiction film", "entity": [{"entity": "kirk douglas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any five star kevin bacon movies", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "kevin bacon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in the girl with the dragon tattoo", "entity": [{"entity": "girl with the dragon tattoo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the male lead in gone with the wind", "entity": [{"entity": "gone with the wind", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played jake sully in avatar", "entity": [{"entity": "jake sully", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "avatar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed pirates of the caribbean", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates of the caribbean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some fun highly rated action movieds", "entity": [{"entity": "fun", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did people like or hate the last twilight movie", "entity": [{"entity": "like", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "hate", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "twilight", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the best johnny depp movies", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies directed by alexander payne from the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "alexander payne", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some good horror movies from 1974", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "1974", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie with the song over the rainbow in it", "entity": [{"entity": "over the rainbow", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a 1960s zombie flick", "entity": [{"entity": "i want a 1960s zombie flick", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many lord of the rings films are there", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the latest trailer for the avengers", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "the avengers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed beaty and the beast", "entity": [{"entity": "beaty and the beast", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a comedy with nick swardson", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "nick swardson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies are in the sex and the city series", "entity": [{"entity": "sex and the city", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did martin scorsese and johnny depp ever work together", "entity": [{"entity": "martin scorsese", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the film the lorax", "entity": [{"entity": "the lorax", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has samuel jackson been in any thriller flicks", "entity": [{"entity": "samuel jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "todd", "entity": [{"entity": "todd", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the film about brandon teena", "entity": [{"entity": "brandon teena", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in drive", "entity": [{"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is kingdom of heaven rated", "entity": [{"entity": "kingdom of heaven", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "super man", "entity": [{"entity": "super man", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a monty python film about king arthur", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "king arthur", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the actor in the movie teen wolf", "entity": [{"entity": "teen wolf", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me classic comedies starring bill murray", "entity": [{"entity": "classic comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 24]}, {"entity": "bill murray", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did underworld come out", "entity": [{"entity": "underworld", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a film with animated skeletons", "entity": [{"entity": "animated skeletons", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what animated voices has eddie murphy done", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "eddie murphy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list rated r noir films", "entity": [{"entity": "rated r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the trailer for rage", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "rage", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any films with volcanos", "entity": [{"entity": "volcanos", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is act of valor rated", "entity": [{"entity": "act of valor", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed terminator 2 judgement day", "entity": [{"entity": "terminator 2 judgement day", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what horror movies have snakes", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "snakes", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of clive owens character in sin city", "entity": [{"entity": "clive owens", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "sin city", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many charlies angels movies are there", "entity": [{"entity": "charlies angels", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a pg rated disney movie", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many star wars films are there", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is directing the hobbit", "entity": [{"entity": "the hobbit", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what did critics think of j edgar", "entity": [{"entity": "j edgar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the movie jurassic park", "entity": [{"entity": "jurassic park", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies has clint eastwood directed since 1995", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "since 1995", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the highest grossing movie of 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the game come out", "entity": [{"entity": "the game", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has john candy made any must see movies", "entity": [{"entity": "john candy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any horror films with don rickles", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "don rickles", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie with the song married life", "entity": [{"entity": "married life", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an oscar winning science fiction movie", "entity": [{"entity": "oscar winning", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me a list of legal dramas from the 70s", "entity": [{"entity": "legal", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "70s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rainbow 6", "entity": [{"entity": "rainbow 6", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a wes craven movie", "entity": [{"entity": "wes craven", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me action movies that deal with stealing cars", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "stealing cars", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the first hobbit movie come out", "entity": [{"entity": "hobbit", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "come out", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what were the reviews like for the man who shot liberty valance", "entity": [{"entity": "the man who shot liberty valance", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me any action movies that are in theatres right now", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "right now", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want an fantasy action adventure film", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy action adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films did pearce brosnan star in", "entity": [{"entity": "pearce brosnan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good romance movie with jennifer aniston", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "jennifer aniston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of the wild bunch", "entity": [{"entity": "the wild bunch", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in good burger", "entity": [{"entity": "good burger", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which harry potter movies have robert pattinson", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [6, 18]}, {"entity": "robert pattinson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did goodfellas come out", "entity": [{"entity": "goodfellas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the highest viwer rated movies from 1993", "entity": [{"entity": "highest", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "1993", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is princess bride a good film for children", "entity": [{"entity": "princess bride", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the film speed racer use the original song from the tv show", "entity": [{"entity": "speed racer", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the third sequel in the star wars film series", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is twilight rated", "entity": [{"entity": "twilight", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best viewer rated vampire film", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "vampire", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the number of samurai films made in the 1960s", "entity": [{"entity": "samurai", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie have action and suspense", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did clint eastwood make any cowboy movies in the 1970s", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many academy awards has daniel day lewis won", "entity": [{"entity": "daniel day lewis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie take place in london", "entity": [{"entity": "take place in london", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the half baked cover", "entity": [{"entity": "half baked", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the lead character in billy madison", "entity": [{"entity": "billy madison", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me listing that have micheal in them", "entity": [{"entity": "micheal", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the movie with the line home is where you hang your hat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the director of 2001 a space odyssey", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 a space odyssey", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie by james cameron", "entity": [{"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show the 1953 western starring alan ladd", "entity": [{"entity": "1953", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "alan ladd", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played dwight mccarthy in sin city", "entity": [{"entity": "dwight mccarthy", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "sin city", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did the original black and white casablanca come out", "entity": [{"entity": "black and white", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "casablanca", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a movie starring elvis with scenes at a beach", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "beach", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has seals kiss from a rose in it", "entity": [{"entity": "kiss from a rose", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for jennifer love hewitt movies from the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "jennifer love hewitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 37]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a romantic film noir", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which romantic comedies are rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 14]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a quote from jaws", "entity": [{"entity": "jaws", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find all romantic period pieces starring hugh grant", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "period pieces", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "hugh grant", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what star wars movie had darth maul", "entity": [{"entity": "darth maul", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a trailer for space 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "space 2010", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of ariels seagull in the little mermaid", "entity": [{"entity": "ariels seagull", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "the little mermaid", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did blazing saddles release", "entity": [{"entity": "blazing saddles", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "first fairy tale disney movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fairy tale disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the movie of the year in 1994", "entity": [{"entity": "movie of the year", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [13, 30]}, {"entity": "1994", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any iron man 3", "entity": [{"entity": "iron man 3", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the third harry potter movie called", "entity": [{"entity": "third harry potter movie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the director if the fifth harry potter movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fifth harry potter movie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was bill paxton in twister", "entity": [{"entity": "bill paxton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "twister", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the director of pet shop make any other movies", "entity": [{"entity": "pet shop", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what city was the famous car chase from the french connection in", "entity": [{"entity": "car chase", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "french connection", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie was directed by steven spielberg with the alien", "entity": [{"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "alien", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me gene hackmans first film", "entity": [{"entity": "gene hackmans", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the must see movie in chinese", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies got a great review by roger ebert in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "great review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show a spy movie from the 1930s", "entity": [{"entity": "spy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "1930s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for the movie mean girls", "entity": [{"entity": "mean girls", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a movie with carmen miranda and the marx brothers", "entity": [{"entity": "carmen miranda", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "the marx brothers", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cheech and chong movies", "entity": [{"entity": "cheech and chong", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was twister rated", "entity": [{"entity": "twister", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the newest version of cat people", "entity": [{"entity": "cat people", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me harry potter", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a romantic comedy with natalie portman", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "natalie portman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did gregg kinnear star in any movies directed my michael mann", "entity": [{"entity": "gregg kinnear", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "michael mann", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the theme song for 2001 a space odyssey", "entity": [{"entity": "theme song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "2001 a space odyssey", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies had the biggest explosions", "entity": [{"entity": "biggest explosions", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the police academy films", "entity": [{"entity": "police academy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who sang my heart will go on from titanic", "entity": [{"entity": "my heart will go on", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "titanic", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was the rock in drive", "entity": [{"entity": "rock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of comedies from the 1970s", "entity": [{"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a movie with joseph cotton and orson welles", "entity": [{"entity": "joseph cotton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get a nostradamous movie", "entity": [{"entity": "nostradamous", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the theme song of war horse", "entity": [{"entity": "theme song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "war horse", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a time travelling high school student film", "entity": [{"entity": "time travelling high school student", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a horror film released in 1981", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "1981", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what did michael bay direct besides transformers", "entity": [{"entity": "michael bay", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "transformers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for pirates of the caribbean series", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates of the caribbean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many saw films are there", "entity": [{"entity": "saw", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was elvis presleys last film", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis presleys", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a flick from the 1980s with the word laser in the title", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "laser", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies directed by judd apatow", "entity": [{"entity": "judd apatow", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what romance films star rachel mcadams", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "rachel mcadams", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find romantic comedies starring jennifer lopez", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "jennifer lopez", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what were the reviews for temple grandin", "entity": [{"entity": "temple grandin", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was a character called the torch in a flick", "entity": [{"entity": "the torch", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for dramas that have denzel washington and are academy award winners or nominees", "entity": [{"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "denzel washington", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "academy award winners or nominees", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [52, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies directed by herbert ross with dancing as part of its story line", "entity": [{"entity": "herbert ross", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a full length trailer for dark shadows", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "dark shadows", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a 1940s bernard herman soundtrack film", "entity": [{"entity": "1940s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me which movie won the academy award for best picture in 2009", "entity": [{"entity": "academy award for best picture", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [28, 58]}, {"entity": "2009", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [62, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed blazing saddles", "entity": [{"entity": "blazing saddles", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what spiderman film did peter parker turns evil", "entity": [{"entity": "spiderman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "peter parker", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "turns evil", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "best crome movie from almodovar", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "almodovar", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find any elvis presleyovies", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis presleyovies", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who wrote the them song for the harry potter movies", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film genre is the nightmare before christmas", "entity": [{"entity": "the nightmare before christmas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the name of the movie where the world ends", "entity": [{"entity": "the world ends", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the lindsay lohan movie that features a living race car", "entity": [{"entity": "lindsay lohan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play a trailer for erin brockovich", "entity": [{"entity": "erin brockovich", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the director of the boy in the striped pajamas", "entity": [{"entity": "director", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "the boy in the striped pajamas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an old terry gilliam film", "entity": [{"entity": "old", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "terry gilliam", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many oscars was bridesmaids nominated for", "entity": [{"entity": "bridesmaids", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many pirates of the caribbean movies is johnny depp in", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates of the caribbean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 33]}, {"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played napoleon dynamite in the movie of the same name", "entity": [{"entity": "napoleon dynamite", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "movie of the same name", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was sean astin in the goonies", "entity": [{"entity": "sean astin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "the goonies", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie made by james cameron in 2008", "entity": [{"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "2008", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to watch a romance about soccer", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "soccer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rating of the hunger games", "entity": [{"entity": "rating", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "the hunger games", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how much did the rock make in drive", "entity": [{"entity": "the rock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the 100 wrost movies ever", "entity": [{"entity": "wrost movies ever", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was oprah in any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "oprah", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did terminator 2 come out", "entity": [{"entity": "terminator 2", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the harry potter series", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [12, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film features the theme song there youll be", "entity": [{"entity": "there youll be", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play a song from blow soundtrack", "entity": [{"entity": "blow", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played as morpheus in the matrix", "entity": [{"entity": "morpheus", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "the matrix", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies directed by barbra streisand", "entity": [{"entity": "barbra streisand", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find harrison ford movies", "entity": [{"entity": "harrison ford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did josh radnor direct any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "josh radnor", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with bicycles and children from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "bicycles and children", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of adam sandler movies", "entity": [{"entity": "adam sandler", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was tom hanks first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find comedy movies with kevin kline from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "kevin kline", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list any movies directed by steven spielberg", "entity": [{"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for the movies similar to gossip girl", "entity": [{"entity": "gossip girl", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list uma thurman movies", "entity": [{"entity": "uma thurman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show 1939 films directed by william wyler", "entity": [{"entity": "1939", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "william wyler", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of independent comedy films made in 2009", "entity": [{"entity": "independent comedy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "2009", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all science fiction movies playing the next 12 hours", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a burt lancaster circus movie", "entity": [{"entity": "burt lancaster", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "circus", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "run twilight", "entity": [{"entity": "twilight", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did denzel washington act in any romantic comedy movies", "entity": [{"entity": "denzel washington", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did michael jordan made a cartoon film", "entity": [{"entity": "cartoon film", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the cast of terminator", "entity": [{"entity": "cast", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "terminator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a trailer for an alec guiness flick", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "alec guiness", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a list of romantic comedies from 2008", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "2008", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many comedy films did arnold schwarzenegger appear in", "entity": [{"entity": "arnold schwarzenegger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played leo marvin in what about bob", "entity": [{"entity": "leo marvin", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "what about bob", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first disney movie", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "best action thriller to watch with date", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "action thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was thirteen candles rated", "entity": [{"entity": "thirteen candles", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie that has the song zip a dee doo dah", "entity": [{"entity": "zip a dee doo dah", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stared in the movie the bank job", "entity": [{"entity": "the bank job", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the film that features the song sway by bic runga", "entity": [{"entity": "sway by bic runga", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed star wars", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies called best action movie of the year", "entity": [{"entity": "best action movie of the year", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [19, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what family movie got the best rating from kids", "entity": [{"entity": "family movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "best rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all versions of south pacific", "entity": [{"entity": "south pacific", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the trailer for the ryan gosling movie", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "ryan gosling", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movies about the mob are rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "mob", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "rated r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who acted in the title role of michael collins", "entity": [{"entity": "michael collins", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in which movies did leonardo dicaprio play a cop or federal agent", "entity": [{"entity": "leonardo dicaprio", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 37]}, {"entity": "cop", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "federal agent", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good r rated mystery", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 16]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did jessica alba make any new movies", "entity": [{"entity": "jessica alba", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did diablo cody direct any movies this year", "entity": [{"entity": "diablo cody", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ill never let go is a famous quote from what 1990s movie", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a quentin tarantino film with uma thurman", "entity": [{"entity": "quentin tarantino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "uma thurman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a horror movie that fans really loved", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "fans really loved", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the title of the film thought to be a real snuff film", "entity": [{"entity": "a real snuff film", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a film based on a best selling contemporary novel", "entity": [{"entity": "best selling contemporary novel", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what role won sean connery an academy award", "entity": [{"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find 1980s comedy films with an r rating", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "r rating", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film genre is young frankenstein", "entity": [{"entity": "young frankenstein", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie did alen menken score", "entity": [{"entity": "alen menken", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an animated movie about the beatles", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "beatles", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a shrek clip", "entity": [{"entity": "shrek", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "clip", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the worst viewer rated vampire film", "entity": [{"entity": "worst viewer rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "vampire", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies did judy garland star in", "entity": [{"entity": "judy garland", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of john travoltas character in the film pulp fiction", "entity": [{"entity": "john travoltas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "character", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "pulp fiction", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a romance movie with tom cruise", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "tom cruise", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a rated r film that features katherine heigl", "entity": [{"entity": "rated r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "katherine heigl", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what character did michael j fox voice in homeward bound", "entity": [{"entity": "michael j fox", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "homeward bound", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a monty python flick about philosophy", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [8, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of movies starring shirley temple", "entity": [{"entity": "shirley temple", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who said asta la vista baby", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a jamie lee curtis horror film", "entity": [{"entity": "jamie lee curtis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 25]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some funny betty white movies", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "betty white", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a film where a dog has a relationship with a cat", "entity": [{"entity": "a dog has a relationship with a cat", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies with the stones songs performed in it", "entity": [{"entity": "stones songs", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film genre is blazing saddles", "entity": [{"entity": "blazing saddles", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of family movies with holiday themes", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "holiday themes", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "true stories about hispanic musicians", "entity": [{"entity": "true", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hispanic musicians", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all movies staring brad pitt", "entity": [{"entity": "brad pitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has ellen page been in", "entity": [{"entity": "ellen page", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me action movies with vin diesel", "entity": [{"entity": "vin diesel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "run repo man", "entity": [{"entity": "repo man", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [4, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you show me the movies cher was in", "entity": [{"entity": "cher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of harrison fords character in star wars", "entity": [{"entity": "harrison fords", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a r rated film that was later changed to pg", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played andy duphrane in shawshank redemption", "entity": [{"entity": "andy duphrane", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "shawshank redemption", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was james deans last film", "entity": [{"entity": "james deans", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an action flick with martin lawrence", "entity": [{"entity": "martin lawrence", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "were any movies adapted from stage in the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed drive", "entity": [{"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show movies from the 1960s directed by stanley kubrick", "entity": [{"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "stanley kubrick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed blow", "entity": [{"entity": "blow", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me action movies starring sylvester stallone", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "sylvester stallone", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has mariah carey been in", "entity": [{"entity": "mariah carey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what horror movies came out in the 80s", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see a action comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "action comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "disney cartoon with classical music and animals", "entity": [{"entity": "disney cartoon", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any horror movies with a g rating", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [35, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the highest rated drama of 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "highest rated", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies have been made in the 21st century pertaining to animal rescue", "entity": [{"entity": "21st century", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "animal rescue", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the movie with the trailer that has a teenage girl flashing a crowd", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "teenage girl flashing a crowd", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the mpaa rating for star wars episode 5", "entity": [{"entity": "mpaa", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "star wars episode 5", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all of the films directed by clint eastwood", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the pirates of the carribean movie", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates of the carribean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a movie where beer is important to the plot", "entity": [{"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed avatar", "entity": [{"entity": "avatar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the best rated comedy of 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search some movies with violence", "entity": [{"entity": "violence", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the cast of airplane", "entity": [{"entity": "airplane", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a comedy movie from the past decade that is considered must see", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the review of black swan", "entity": [{"entity": "review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "black swan", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me a list of star wars movies", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the trailer for the dark knight rises out on the internet", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "the dark knight rises", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show the blow soundtrack", "entity": [{"entity": "show the blow", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which films feature both ashton kutcher and brittany murphy", "entity": [{"entity": "ashton kutcher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "brittany murphy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what funny movie has danny devito in it", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "danny devito", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find the soundtrack of the austin powers movies from the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "soundtrack", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "austin powers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed dracula dead and loving it", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "dracula dead and loving it", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie stars emma watson playing another role aside from hermione granger", "entity": [{"entity": "emma watson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "playing another role aside from", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [30, 61]}, {"entity": "hermione granger", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies with oscar winning actors", "entity": [{"entity": "oscar winning actors", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played batman in the first batman movie", "entity": [{"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what movies has kate winslet starred", "entity": [{"entity": "kate winslet", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film did richard gere and julia roberts star together", "entity": [{"entity": "richard gere", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "julia roberts", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did the first terminator come out", "entity": [{"entity": "terminator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all films based on the wizard of oz books", "entity": [{"entity": "wizard of oz", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was pierce brosnan in sex in the city", "entity": [{"entity": "pierce brosnan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "sex in the city", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what star trek movie had the best action scenes", "entity": [{"entity": "star trek", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "best action scenes", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [29, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a non peter sellers film where the lead actor plays just one role", "entity": [{"entity": "peter sellers", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list rebecca de mornay movies", "entity": [{"entity": "rebecca de mornay", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which pg 13 movies has tom cruise starred in", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "tom cruise", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the title song for kissing cousins", "entity": [{"entity": "kissing cousins", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to watch a science fiction movie with a score from john williams", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "score from john williams", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [47, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a john wayne mongol movie", "entity": [{"entity": "john wayne", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "mongol", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a pg 13 rated action movie starring harrison ford", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "harrison ford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies did quentin tarantino direct", "entity": [{"entity": "quentin tarantino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me all the movies with jason bourne", "entity": [{"entity": "jason bourne", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed space balls", "entity": [{"entity": "space balls", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie with the song i wanna be sedated", "entity": [{"entity": "i wanna be sedated", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in avatar", "entity": [{"entity": "avatar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many sequels dim the movie critters have", "entity": [{"entity": "critters", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me rambo movies from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "rambo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best movie about sharks", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "sharks", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an old harvey coreman film", "entity": [{"entity": "old", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 12]}, {"entity": "harvey coreman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is dorothys last name in the wizard of oz", "entity": [{"entity": "dorothys", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "the wizard of oz", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did hans zimmer write the music for pirates of the carribean", "entity": [{"entity": "hans zimmer", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "pirates of the carribean", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [36, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play a trailer for teen wolf", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "teen wolf", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was disneys pocohontas released", "entity": [{"entity": "pocohontas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any batman movies rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed superbad", "entity": [{"entity": "superbad", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 movies feature goldie hawn", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "goldie hawn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies from 1996 that involve aliens", "entity": [{"entity": "1996", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "aliens", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find the movie starring meryl streep and anne hathaway", "entity": [{"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "anne hathaway", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what year did the film vegas vacation come out", "entity": [{"entity": "vegas vacation", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie had the earth explode in the trailer", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a quote from the pirates of the carribean", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates of the carribean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did leonardo dicaprio star in any movies based on a play by shakespeare", "entity": [{"entity": "leonardo dicaprio", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "based on a play by shakespeare", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did star wars a new hope come out", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars a new hope", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the mpaa rating on 2001 a space odyssey", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 a space odyssey", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most recent peter weller film", "entity": [{"entity": "most recent", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "peter weller", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i see the trailer for the new 2012 avengers movie", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "2012", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "avengers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the newest harry potter movie", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is drive rated", "entity": [{"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what character did morgan freeman play in shawshank redemption", "entity": [{"entity": "morgan freeman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "shawshank redemption", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [42, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which professional football player stared in shaft", "entity": [{"entity": "shaft", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last terminator film to be released", "entity": [{"entity": "terminator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some funny arnold schwarzenegger comedies", "entity": [{"entity": "arnold schwarzenegger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a g rated film that was later changed to pg", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a mainstream movie about pornos", "entity": [{"entity": "mainstream", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "about pornos", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films use the song bird is the word", "entity": [{"entity": "bird is the word", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "run a trailer for an audry murphy show", "entity": [{"entity": "audry murphy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a horror movie with creepy little girls", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "creepy little girls", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "run a trailer for excalibur", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "excalibur", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a british film about wwii in the germany", "entity": [{"entity": "wwii", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "germany", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for the blockbuster movies of 2001", "entity": [{"entity": "blockbuster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "2001", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what superhero film stars hugh jackman in the lead role", "entity": [{"entity": "superhero", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "were any movies about talking dolphins", "entity": [{"entity": "talking dolphins", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a chuck norris movie with a lot of martial arts fighting in it", "entity": [{"entity": "chuck norris", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "martial arts fighting", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a fun action movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fun", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies did bela lugosi appear in", "entity": [{"entity": "bela lugosi", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a supernatural film noir", "entity": [{"entity": "supernatural film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the second star wars film", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the release year of the last star wars movie", "entity": [{"entity": "star wars", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed saw 1", "entity": [{"entity": "saw 1", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any sean connery movies on tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dracula the 1960s version", "entity": [{"entity": "dracula", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed fight club", "entity": [{"entity": "fight club", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie with the yellow brick road", "entity": [{"entity": "yellow brick road", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a review for the last harry potter movie", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an elvis presley beach movie", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis presley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "beach movie", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the oldest movie directed by stephen king", "entity": [{"entity": "stephen king", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "all scary movies from 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show movies about food", "entity": [{"entity": "food", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of ariels prince in the little mermaid", "entity": [{"entity": "ariels", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "little mermaid", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [42, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did goodfellas release", "entity": [{"entity": "goodfellas", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie had jim carrey as a dr seuss character", "entity": [{"entity": "jim carrey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "dr seuss character", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies from the 2000s rated g that involve fish", "entity": [{"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with arnold schwarzenegger that is directed by james cameron", "entity": [{"entity": "arnold schwarzenegger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 42]}, {"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any mpaa rated tv ma films for elvis presley", "entity": [{"entity": "tv ma", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "elvis presley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most recent movie directed by steven speilberg", "entity": [{"entity": "most recent", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "steven speilberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which film won the raspberry award for halle berry", "entity": [{"entity": "halle berry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a wwii movie directed by steven spielberg and starring liam neeson", "entity": [{"entity": "wwii movie", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "liam neeson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a documentary about a russian electronics professor", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "russian electronics professor", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in sex in the city", "entity": [{"entity": "sex in the city", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what chucky movie didnt have andy in it", "entity": [{"entity": "chucky", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "andy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a john huston flick from the 1950s", "entity": [{"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the main character in the last terminator movie", "entity": [{"entity": "character", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "terminator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of upstaurs downstairs", "entity": [{"entity": "upstaurs downstairs", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get a yul brenner action flick", "entity": [{"entity": "yul brenner", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a preview for a horror comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "preview", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "horror comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie step up rated", "entity": [{"entity": "step up", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what role did carrie ann moss play in the matrix", "entity": [{"entity": "carrie ann moss", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "the matrix", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movies does charlie sheen star in", "entity": [{"entity": "charlie sheen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list all childrens movies with mary kate and ashley", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "mary kate", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "ashley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a comedy about a football team", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "football team", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an animated adult horror movie", "entity": [{"entity": "animated adult horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cartoon with the voice of justin timberlake from the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "cartoon", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "justin timberlake", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie with the song its hard out there for a pimp", "entity": [{"entity": "its hard out there for a pimp", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [29, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a rated r movie with jessica alba", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "jessica alba", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any good heist movies with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "heist movies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "pg 13 rating", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the movie with brad pitt about robbing a casino", "entity": [{"entity": "brad pitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "robbing a casino", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which tom hanks film features him as a stranded fed ex employee", "entity": [{"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "stranded fed ex employee", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell the plot of amistad", "entity": [{"entity": "amistad", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed twister", "entity": [{"entity": "twister", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the viewers rating of the favorite star wars episode", "entity": [{"entity": "viewers rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "star wars episode", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of cameron diazs character in bad teacher", "entity": [{"entity": "bad teacher", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed stepbrothers", "entity": [{"entity": "stepbrothers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find pg 13 movies with kevin costner", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "kevin costner", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the killer in the first saw", "entity": [{"entity": "killer", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "saw", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [44, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has a great car chase", "entity": [{"entity": "great car chase", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an eartha kitt film about a torch singer", "entity": [{"entity": "eartha kitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "torch singer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good crime noir films on", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "crime noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed take five", "entity": [{"entity": "take five", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most famous movie about horses", "entity": [{"entity": "most famous", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "horses", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did space jam come out", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "space jam", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which films have sherlock holmes as a character", "entity": [{"entity": "sherlock holmes", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find all movies by m night shyamalan", "entity": [{"entity": "m night shyamalan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the old lady in happy gilmore", "entity": [{"entity": "old lady", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "happy gilmore", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "top 10 movies from 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get a fantasy film about a unicorn", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "unicorn", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies about bank robberies", "entity": [{"entity": "bank robberies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was sean connery in the league of extraordinary gentlemen", "entity": [{"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "the league of extraordinary gentlemen", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where was the presidio filmed", "entity": [{"entity": "the presidio", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film features halle berre as a mental patient", "entity": [{"entity": "halle berre", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "mental patient", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the plot of the time bandits", "entity": [{"entity": "time bandits", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list actor matt damons top films", "entity": [{"entity": "matt damons", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "top films", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a film with brian entwhistle in it", "entity": [{"entity": "brian entwhistle", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the movie in which clint eastwood sings", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "sings", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played tank in the matrix", "entity": [{"entity": "tank", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "the matrix", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie suitable for kids", "entity": [{"entity": "suitable", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a well known director of japanese samurai movies", "entity": [{"entity": "japanese samurai", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find all movies directed by steven speilburg", "entity": [{"entity": "steven speilburg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are you able to name an anime film that is in black and white", "entity": [{"entity": "anime film", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "black and white", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an action movie starring harrison ford", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "harrison ford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was elizabethtown released", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "elizabethtown", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a bruce willis movie about ghosts", "entity": [{"entity": "bruce willis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "movie about ghosts", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the air bud movie about baseball", "entity": [{"entity": "air bud", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "baseball", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a drama starring angelina jolie and antonio banderas", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "angelina jolie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "antonio banderas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the movie by peter jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "peter jackson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what were the critic reviews for lady in the water", "entity": [{"entity": "critic reviews", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "lady in the water", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie starring tim allen about christmas", "entity": [{"entity": "tim allen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "christmas", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all the tom cruise movies from 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "tom cruise", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a romance starring patrick swayze", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "patrick swayze", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies with assassins", "entity": [{"entity": "assassins", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie that starred marlon brando and jack nicholson", "entity": [{"entity": "marlon brando", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "jack nicholson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find the movie about tyrone power working in a carnival", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrone power", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "working in a carnival", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was the character chucky in any films that were sci fi", "entity": [{"entity": "chucky", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies did jack black do in the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "jack black", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie set in japan with bill murray and scarlett johannson", "entity": [{"entity": "movie set in japan", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "bill murray", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "scarlett johannson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what zombie movie features a zombie tiger", "entity": [{"entity": "zombie movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "zombie tiger", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actor played captain january", "entity": [{"entity": "captain january", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies were released in the year 2009", "entity": [{"entity": "2009", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "run a trailer for journey back to oz", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "journey back to oz", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie about cars that is rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "about cars", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a color slapstick comedy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "color slapstick comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie where maggie gyllanhall and james spader have an s amp m relationship", "entity": [{"entity": "maggie gyllanhall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "james spader", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "s amp m relationship", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did zach braff compose the garden state soundtrack himself", "entity": [{"entity": "zach braff", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "garden state", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "soundtrack", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what movies does mark wahlberg say im a big star", "entity": [{"entity": "mark wahlberg", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the comedy movie elf starring will ferrell", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "elf", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "will ferrell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all the movies zac efron has been in", "entity": [{"entity": "zac efron", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies are directed by garry marshall", "entity": [{"entity": "garry marshall", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of requiem for a heavyweight", "entity": [{"entity": "requiem for a heavyweight", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a paul williams musical film", "entity": [{"entity": "paul williams", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "musical film", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the movie that judy holliday won an oscar for", "entity": [{"entity": "judy holliday", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "oscar", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate that movie with sandra bullock and keanu reaves", "entity": [{"entity": "sandra bullock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "keanu reaves", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie with the song a whole new world", "entity": [{"entity": "a whole new world", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a drama with kate winslet thats rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "kate winslet", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "rated r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies about the first gulf war", "entity": [{"entity": "first gulf war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie about serial killers", "entity": [{"entity": "serial killers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie with kate hudson as a love struck columnist", "entity": [{"entity": "kate hudson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a mainstream movie about super heros", "entity": [{"entity": "mainstream", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "super heros", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie about characters named kermit and miss piggy", "entity": [{"entity": "kermit", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "miss piggy", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with corey haim and corey feldman", "entity": [{"entity": "corey haim", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "corey feldman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the legend of bagger vance", "entity": [{"entity": "the legend of bagger vance", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did scott pilgrim vs the world come out", "entity": [{"entity": "scott pilgrim vs the world", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has robert downey jr directed any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "robert downey jr", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with jude law and julia roberts", "entity": [{"entity": "jude law", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "julia roberts", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a comedy starring john ritter", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "john ritter", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a list of hammer studios vampire films", "entity": [{"entity": "looking for a list of hammer studios vampire films", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie featured the quote say hello to my little friend", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played sabrina in the 21st century remake of the audrey hepburn movie", "entity": [{"entity": "sabrina", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "21st century remake of the audrey hepburn movie", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show all horror movies that star the character freddy kruger", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "freddy kruger", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the classic western with claudia cardinale and henry fonda", "entity": [{"entity": "classic", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "claudia cardinale", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "henry fonda", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie that won best film in 2009", "entity": [{"entity": "best film", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "2009", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "on what film did samuel l jackson first appears as nick fury", "entity": [{"entity": "on what film did samuel l jackson first appears as nick fury", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [0, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please show me the film where robert de niro threatens nick nolte and his family", "entity": [{"entity": "robert de niro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actors have played james bond", "entity": [{"entity": "james bond", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a well reviewed family film from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "well reviewed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was drive released", "entity": [{"entity": "drive released", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are steve martins upcoming film projects", "entity": [{"entity": "steve martins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a science fiction film that starts on a tower", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "starts on a tower", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the r rated comedy horrible bosses with jason bateman", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "horrible bosses", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "jason bateman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a patrick mcgoohan in a canadian film title", "entity": [{"entity": "patrick mcgoohan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find meryl streep dramas set in africa", "entity": [{"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "set in africa", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all release dates for the lord of the rings movies", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did tina fey appear in a flick with jack black", "entity": [{"entity": "tina fey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "jack black", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an action movie from the 1990s with nicolas cage", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "nicolas cage", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie about a time travelling car was directed by robert zemeckis", "entity": [{"entity": "time travelling car", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "robert zemeckis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any pg disney movies", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie does someone say life was like a box of chocolates you never know what youre gonna getcategories used quote", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list movies directed by peter jackson in the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "peter jackson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a mexican romance film", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a color farce tradgedy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "color farce tradgedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies about michael jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "michael jackson", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a comedy from the 1990s with a car chase", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "car chase", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the top 10 science fiction movies of all time", "entity": [{"entity": "top 10", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "of all time", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me biopics starring country music stars", "entity": [{"entity": "biopics", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "country music stars", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me mocumentries with christopher guest", "entity": [{"entity": "mocumentries", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "christopher guest", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sigourney weaver play a character named gwen in a comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is denzel washington in any comedies from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "denzel washington", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a viewer review for the enemy below", "entity": [{"entity": "the enemy below", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a drama starring james woods", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "james woods", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a drama about gangs in la", "entity": [{"entity": "la", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven soderbergh direct any movies released in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "steven soderbergh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the movie with elizabeth tayor rock hudson and james dean", "entity": [{"entity": "elizabeth tayor rock hudson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 54]}, {"entity": "james dean", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the jodie foster movie with kristen stewart", "entity": [{"entity": "jodie foster", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "kristen stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did edward norton star in a drama called american history x", "entity": [{"entity": "edward norton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "american history x", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie starring ruth gordon about a housekeeper who is killed", "entity": [{"entity": "ruth gordon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "housekeeper who is killed", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who provided the voice talent for the tiger in kung fu panda", "entity": [{"entity": "tiger", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "kung fu panda", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a famous 1940s movie made in france during the nazi occupation", "entity": [{"entity": "1940s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the movie where orson welles was a nazi hiding in new england", "entity": [{"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "nazi hiding in new england", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in the movie titled happythankyoumoreplease", "entity": [{"entity": "happythankyoumoreplease", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all the police academy movies", "entity": [{"entity": "police academy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me films with wyatt earp from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "wyatt earp", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the movies with the best twist endings", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "twist endings", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie with robin williams as a dj in vietnam", "entity": [{"entity": "robin williams", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "dj in vietnam", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a list of max ophuls films", "entity": [{"entity": "max ophuls", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "historical movies of true events with romance", "entity": [{"entity": "historical movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me movies about the end of the world", "entity": [{"entity": "end of the world", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a movie with tony curtis and eva gabor", "entity": [{"entity": "tony curtis and eva gabor", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies set in los angeles in the future", "entity": [{"entity": "los angeles in the future", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the actor that stars in the new tv show awake", "entity": [{"entity": "awake", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the girl with the dragon tattoo", "entity": [{"entity": "the girl with the dragon tattoo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with christina aguleria and cher", "entity": [{"entity": "christina aguleria", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "cher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a comedy from the 80s that is rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [43, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the first rocky movie", "entity": [{"entity": "rocky", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the disney movie featuring hayley mills on a greek island", "entity": [{"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "hayley mills", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a comedy with darryl hannah and steve martin", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "darryl hannah", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "steve martin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an isaak pearlman movie", "entity": [{"entity": "isaak pearlman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see the movie about a character named ferris bueller", "entity": [{"entity": "ferris bueller", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show hit movies from the 2000s starring jack black", "entity": [{"entity": "hit movies", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "jack black", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what songs were on the soundtrack for center stage", "entity": [{"entity": "center stage", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played the role of leonidas in 300", "entity": [{"entity": "leonidas", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "300", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies are about canadian sports", "entity": [{"entity": "canadian sports", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with the song for hes a jolly good fellow", "entity": [{"entity": "for hes a jolly good fellow", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [27, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was the last james bond film released", "entity": [{"entity": "year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "james bond", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an r rated comedy called american pie", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "american pie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a spy film with gold in the title", "entity": [{"entity": "spy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "gold", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a mathew modine movie", "entity": [{"entity": "mathew modine", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an animated movie about pandas", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "pandas", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find any musicals with a g rating on today", "entity": [{"entity": "musicals", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated movies from 2011 do not have full frontal nudity in them", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 29]}, {"entity": "full frontal nudity", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the title of the bio pic about langston hughs", "entity": [{"entity": "bio pic", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "langston hughs", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies feature the character wooster", "entity": [{"entity": "wooster", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did kevin kline start in a musical in the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "kevin kline", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies based on british versions", "entity": [{"entity": "movies based on british versions", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [14, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any g rated musicals from the 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "musicals", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies about king kong", "entity": [{"entity": "king kong", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any musicals from the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the vuewers rating for heidi", "entity": [{"entity": "heidi", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie starring meryl streep and robert deniro", "entity": [{"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "robert deniro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a scary movie directed by stephen spillburg", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "stephen spillburg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie about aliens attacking earth", "entity": [{"entity": "about aliens", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what horror movies featured freddy and were rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "freddy", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "rated r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who created lord of the rings", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any g rated movies with paris in the title", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "paris in the title", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the horse in the grey flannel suit", "entity": [{"entity": "the horse in the grey flannel suit", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the sherlock holmes movie about a large killer dog", "entity": [{"entity": "sherlock holmes movie about a large killer dog", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [9, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies whoopi goldberg played in", "entity": [{"entity": "whoopi goldberg", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies about football", "entity": [{"entity": "football", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is mpaa rating for the rhino brothers", "entity": [{"entity": "the rhino brothers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who said you can buy anything but you cant buy backbone", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie uses harpsicord music", "entity": [{"entity": "harpsicord music", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a 1960s southern gothic movie starring bette davis and olivia de haviland", "entity": [{"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "southern gothic", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "bette davis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "olivia de haviland", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [67, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the lindsey anderson movies starring malcolm mcdowell", "entity": [{"entity": "lindsey anderson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "malcolm mcdowell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie is r2d2 in", "entity": [{"entity": "r2d2", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an action movie starring clint eastwood", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please show me a list of busby berkley movies", "entity": [{"entity": "busby berkley movies", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [25, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actor starred in the disney movie gus", "entity": [{"entity": "actor", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "disney movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "gus", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [40, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in which film did keira knightley stars as a pirate lord", "entity": [{"entity": "keira knightley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "pirate lord", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me the names of all critically acclaimed horror films", "entity": [{"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [25, 45]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best movie of all time rated by viewers", "entity": [{"entity": "viewers", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies about the military", "entity": [{"entity": "movies about the military", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [8, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a romantic comedy starring daryl hannah", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "daryl hannah", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the best football movie ever made", "entity": [{"entity": "football movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with lots of sky diving in it", "entity": [{"entity": "sky diving", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have any movies been made about robot ninjas", "entity": [{"entity": "robot ninjas", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what animated movies were nominated for oscars", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "nominated for oscars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find the robert altman movie set during the korean war", "entity": [{"entity": "robert altman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "korean war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the most recent julia roberts romance films from the last four years", "entity": [{"entity": "julia roberts", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the french film about a postman who is obsessed with an opera star", "entity": [{"entity": "french film", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "about a postman who is obsessed with an opera star", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a comedy starring groucho marx", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "groucho marx", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the quote heres looking at you kid from", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies about shark attacks", "entity": [{"entity": "show me movies about shark attacks", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the release date of catching fire", "entity": [{"entity": "catching fire", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie made by stephen stieldberg", "entity": [{"entity": "stephen stieldberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies feature the character jeeves", "entity": [{"entity": "jeeves", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see a preview of george clooneys latest movie", "entity": [{"entity": "preview", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "george clooneys", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "latest", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has liev shrieber and sean william scott in it as hockey players", "entity": [{"entity": "liev shrieber", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "sean william scott", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "hockey players", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film directed by zack snyder shows the forces of king leonidas", "entity": [{"entity": "zack snyder", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best movie trailer", "entity": [{"entity": "best movie trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which 1982 science fiction film was directed by steven lisberger", "entity": [{"entity": "1982", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [6, 10]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "steven lisberger", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie about a dog starring jennifer aniston", "entity": [{"entity": "about a dog", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "jennifer aniston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the film based on a stephen king book about the flu killing most of humanity", "entity": [{"entity": "stephen king", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "flu killing most of humanity", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did dean koontz direct a movie based on his books", "entity": [{"entity": "dean koontz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "based on his books", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the movie where cary grant has two aunts that poison and bury old men", "entity": [{"entity": "cary grant", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "two aunts that poison and bury old men", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the romance films directed by james cameron rated must see", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what live action movie based on action figure toys was released in 2009", "entity": [{"entity": "live action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "action figure toys", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "2009", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an action film with katherine hepburn in it", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "katherine hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the movie with the line doomed is your soul and damned is your life", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed who framed roger rabbit", "entity": [{"entity": "who framed roger rabbit", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me movies about balloon races", "entity": [{"entity": "about balloon races", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a 1990s movie about children and an attic", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "about children and an attic", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie about gangsters with jack nicholson and matt damon", "entity": [{"entity": "gangsters", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "jack nicholson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "matt damon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the hit song from the movie armageddon", "entity": [{"entity": "hit song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "armageddon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did patrick stewart appear in a romantic motion picture", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic motion picture", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all the movies brad pitt has been in", "entity": [{"entity": "brad pitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the treat williams appear in a film", "entity": [{"entity": "treat williams", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies directed by carlos saura use typical spanish dances", "entity": [{"entity": "carlos saura", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "typical spanish dances", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the newest version of batman", "entity": [{"entity": "batman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actor potrayed jackie robinson", "entity": [{"entity": "jackie robinson", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the director of target with gene hackman", "entity": [{"entity": "target", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "gene hackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was the goonies released", "entity": [{"entity": "what year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "the goonies", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which well received film features the songs come what may and your song", "entity": [{"entity": "well received film", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [6, 24]}, {"entity": "come what may", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [44, 57]}, {"entity": "your song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [62, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best song to end a scary movie", "entity": [{"entity": "best song", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "scary movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of spy movies from the 1960s", "entity": [{"entity": "spy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the plot of sudden death", "entity": [{"entity": "plot", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "sudden death", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a movie about a huge killer snake in the amazon", "entity": [{"entity": "huge killer snake in the amazon", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has the highest viewers rating", "entity": [{"entity": "highest viewers rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [19, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "speed racer was released in what year", "entity": [{"entity": "speed racer", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "what year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for a movie filmed in california", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a movie starring jada pinkett about bank robbery", "entity": [{"entity": "jada pinkett", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "bank robbery", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when is johnny depps new movie coming out", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depps", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "coming out", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a linda hunt movie", "entity": [{"entity": "linda hunt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r movies with johnny depp", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [1, 2]}, {"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many stars did scarface recieve in reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "scarface", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the action movie seven starring brad pitt", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "brad pitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what were the viewer ratings for the movie world trade center", "entity": [{"entity": "world trade center", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie with sandra bullock and keanu reeves", "entity": [{"entity": "sandra bullock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "keanu reeves", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did george lucas direct any well reviewed comedies", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "well reviewed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [28, 41]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a comedy about basketball", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "basketball", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the comedy with matt dillon as a fired bartender and liv tyler is his girlfriend", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "matt dillon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "fired bartender", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "liv tyler", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want 1980s romance movies", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is beetlejuice rated", "entity": [{"entity": "beetlejuice", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a monty python flick about jesus", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "jesus", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a musical from the 1940s", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "1940s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the movie about strange men who repossess cars starring emilio estevez", "entity": [{"entity": "show me the movie about strange men who repossess cars", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 54]}, {"entity": "emilio estevez", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [64, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list any shirley temple movies playing today", "entity": [{"entity": "shirley temple", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me the title of the movie about ghosts starring nicole kidman", "entity": [{"entity": "ghosts", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie used the song the good ship lollipop", "entity": [{"entity": "the good ship lollipop", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [25, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies with halle berry", "entity": [{"entity": "halle berry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last movie released in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with the song making christmas", "entity": [{"entity": "making christmas", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did elvis play a singer in a picture", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "play a singer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie where a little girl enters a beauty contest", "entity": [{"entity": "is there a movie where a little girl enters a beauty contest", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the judd apatow film about a middle aged mans journey to finally have sex", "entity": [{"entity": "judd apatow", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "middle aged mans journey to finally have sex", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was pretty woman released", "entity": [{"entity": "pretty woman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with the song somewhere over the rainbow", "entity": [{"entity": "somewhere over the rainbow", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find the comedy starring queen latifah and steve martin", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "queen latifah", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "steve martin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did thomas newman compose the soundtrack for edward scissorhands", "entity": [{"entity": "soundtrack", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "edward scissorhands", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has rubert grint made any movies other than harry potter", "entity": [{"entity": "rubert grint", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sequal to crash of the titans", "entity": [{"entity": "crash of the titans", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie where someone says i love the smell of napalm in the morning", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actor starred in the fish that saved pittsburgh", "entity": [{"entity": "the fish that saved pittsburgh", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a comedy from the 1980s with billy crystal", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "billy crystal", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie starring jack lemmon and alan arkin as real estate salesmen", "entity": [{"entity": "jack lemmon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "alan arkin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a 1990s movie starring robert redford and sidney poitier about a decoding device", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s movie", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "robert redford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "sidney poitier", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "about a decoding device", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [69, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a comedy with ted danson", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "ted danson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a film with the song under the sea", "entity": [{"entity": "under the sea", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies has al pacino been in", "entity": [{"entity": "al pacino", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a boxing movie", "entity": [{"entity": "boxing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that is the mpaa rating for mutiny on the bounty", "entity": [{"entity": "mutiny on the bounty", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a movie with pirates", "entity": [{"entity": "pirates", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what romance movies came out in the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has edward norton been in", "entity": [{"entity": "edward norton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when was maverick released", "entity": [{"entity": "maverick", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie was harpo in with oprah winfrey", "entity": [{"entity": "harpo", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "oprah winfrey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie won the most awards", "entity": [{"entity": "awards", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the james cameron movie with the blue aliens", "entity": [{"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "the blue aliens", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show all independent films starring a list celebrities", "entity": [{"entity": "independent films", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when is american reunion being released", "entity": [{"entity": "american reunion", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a pg 13 movie about aliens", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has alfred hitchcock been in", "entity": [{"entity": "alfred hitchcock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does that jonah hill movie where he is a cop come out on dvd", "entity": [{"entity": "jonah hill", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "where he is a cop", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie about broadway starring roy scheider", "entity": [{"entity": "about broadway", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "roy scheider", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a burt lancaster political movie", "entity": [{"entity": "burt lancaster", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "political", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what steven speilberg movies came out in 1980s", "entity": [{"entity": "steven speilberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 21]}, {"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find meg ryan films from the 1990s with angels", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me funny movies from 1983", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "1983", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a science fiction film from 1961", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "1961", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me harry potter movies from the 2000s", "entity": [{"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "2000s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are roger eberts best films", "entity": [{"entity": "roger eberts best films", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the theme song for teen wolf", "entity": [{"entity": "theme song", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "teen wolf", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie featured drew barrymore in her breakout role", "entity": [{"entity": "drew barrymore", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie with sean connery as an fbi agent", "entity": [{"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "fbi agent", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a murder mystery movie from 1995", "entity": [{"entity": "murder mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where was red tails filmed", "entity": [{"entity": "red tails", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many comedies were released in 1980", "entity": [{"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies about the korean war", "entity": [{"entity": "korean war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is doing the soundtrack for prometheus", "entity": [{"entity": "who is doing the soundtrack for prometheus", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [0, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a 1970s sailing flick", "entity": [{"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "sailing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was mystic pizza released", "entity": [{"entity": "mystic pizza", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of r rated movies about aliens", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "aliens", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "were there any r rated animated films made in the 80s", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "80s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie starring marlon brando and val kilmer", "entity": [{"entity": "marlon brando", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "val kilmer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did christopher nolan direct any highly regarded action films", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher nolan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "highly regarded", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies from the 90s did jeremy irons star in", "entity": [{"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "jeremy irons", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has all eddie vedder songs in it", "entity": [{"entity": "eddie vedder songs", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [19, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a rock hudson flick from the 1960s", "entity": [{"entity": "rock hudson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the award winning 1970s movie where paul newman and robert redford are con artists", "entity": [{"entity": "award winning", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "1970s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "paul newman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "robert redford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "con artists", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [76, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated movies with pirates", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "pirates", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for a movie with jessica alba", "entity": [{"entity": "jessica alba", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sacha baron cohen have a show", "entity": [{"entity": "sacha baron cohen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in thw gumball rally", "entity": [{"entity": "thw gumball rally", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a movie directed by michael moore", "entity": [{"entity": "michael moore", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find movies from the 1990s with strong female leads", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "strong female leads", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a gangster movie with robert deniro", "entity": [{"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "robert deniro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with daniel radcliff", "entity": [{"entity": "daniel radcliff", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played in psycho", "entity": [{"entity": "psycho", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what police film had a main character called popeye doyle", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "popeye doyle", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the spike lee movie about a serial killer", "entity": [{"entity": "spike lee", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "about a serial killer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies from the 90s did clint eastwood direct", "entity": [{"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies was leonardo dicaprio in during the 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "leonardo dicaprio", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a flick from the 1980s with the word heat in the title", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "best jim carrey quotes", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "jim carrey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the star of twilight", "entity": [{"entity": "twilight", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1960s film about a charles dickens character", "entity": [{"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "about a charles dickens character", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when is the last season of desperate housewives going to air in europe", "entity": [{"entity": "desperate housewives", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has a character called the robot", "entity": [{"entity": "the robot", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some good animated films", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the 1960s movie about a group of schoolboys marooned on an island", "entity": [{"entity": "1960s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "about a group of schoolboys marooned on an island", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me richard gere thriller movies", "entity": [{"entity": "richard gere", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the soundtrack for scarface", "entity": [{"entity": "scarface", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me documentaries about birds", "entity": [{"entity": "documentaries", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 21]}, {"entity": "about birds", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was psycho released", "entity": [{"entity": "psycho", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me all movies directed by cameron crowe", "entity": [{"entity": "cameron crowe", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated movies about zombies", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "zombies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name of movie where ring is thrown into volcano", "entity": [{"entity": "volcano", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me arnold schwartzenegger movies with robots", "entity": [{"entity": "arnold schwartzenegger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 30]}, {"entity": "robots", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the night of the lepus", "entity": [{"entity": "the night of the lepus", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me the top ten romance movies of all time", "entity": [{"entity": "top ten", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a review for coach carter", "entity": [{"entity": "review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "coach carter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films has john travolta directed", "entity": [{"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best action movie this year", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "action movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the bee movie", "entity": [{"entity": "bee movie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the mpaa rating for necessary roughness", "entity": [{"entity": "necessary roughness", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed one flew over the cuckoos nest", "entity": [{"entity": "one flew over the cuckoos nest", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a monty python flick about fish", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [8, 20]}, {"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to see alien movies from the 1950s", "entity": [{"entity": "alien movies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "1950s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with the muppets", "entity": [{"entity": "show me a movie with the muppets", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [0, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most positively reviewed romance movie", "entity": [{"entity": "most positively reviewed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some pg 13 romantic comedies", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "romantic comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what m night shyamalan movie got the best reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "m night shyamalan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "best reviews", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the surfing movie north shore", "entity": [{"entity": "north shore", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies did kevin smith direct", "entity": [{"entity": "kevin smith", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the name of that movie with the song missing you", "entity": [{"entity": "missing you", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a review for bend it like beckham", "entity": [{"entity": "review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "bend it like beckham", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films stars both nicole kidman and will ferrell", "entity": [{"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "will ferrell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies directed by peter jackson except lord of the rings", "entity": [{"entity": "peter jackson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the mel brooks western movie", "entity": [{"entity": "mel brooks", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the 2011 film starring mila kunis and justin timberlake", "entity": [{"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "mila kunis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "justin timberlake", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a 1980s movie with danny glover", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "danny glover", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in which 2004 film directed by mel gibson portrays the last hours in the life of jesus", "entity": [{"entity": "2004", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "mel gibson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "the last hours in the life of jesus", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which film stars both leslie nielsen and anna nicole smith", "entity": [{"entity": "leslie nielsen and anna nicole smith", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first dirty harry movie", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "dirty harry", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what comedys had eddie murphy play a big role in", "entity": [{"entity": "eddie murphy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of mad max", "entity": [{"entity": "mad max", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who will replace johnny depp in the pirates of the carribean movies", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "pirates of the carribean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the the 2010 movie directed by ben affleck", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "ben affleck", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a horror film released in 1987", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "1987", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find the movies with music by the bee gees", "entity": [{"entity": "music by the bee gees", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the suspense movie starring anthony hopkins and ryan gosling", "entity": [{"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "anthony hopkins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "ryan gosling", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the film 300", "entity": [{"entity": "directed", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "300", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film had the song the power of love", "entity": [{"entity": "the power of love", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated cartoons", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "cartoons", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the controversial mel gibson film about jesus", "entity": [{"entity": "controversial", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "mel gibson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "jesus", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "shoe me movies starring johnny depp", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what david fincher movie had a soundtrack by the dust brothers", "entity": [{"entity": "david fincher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "the dust brothers", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who plays cindy in the scary movie films", "entity": [{"entity": "cindy", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "scary movie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies starring halle berry before 1997", "entity": [{"entity": "halle berry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many people actually like to review boring movies", "entity": [{"entity": "how many people actually like to review boring movies", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [0, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the hunger games a violent movie", "entity": [{"entity": "the hunger games", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "violent", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the movie with a black man as an alien directed by john sayles", "entity": [{"entity": "black man as an alien", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "john sayles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a trailer for chariots of fire", "entity": [{"entity": "find a trailer for chariots of fire", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [0, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get a socrates movie", "entity": [{"entity": "socrates", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [6, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was charlie sheens first movie", "entity": [{"entity": "charlie sheens", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any pg 13 movies about gay romance", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "gay romance", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did critics rate any of the alien movies as must see", "entity": [{"entity": "critics rate", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "alien", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was saving private ryan released in theaters", "entity": [{"entity": "saving private ryan", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a trailer out for advengers yet", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "advengers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the 1990s movie with a disco soundtrack about a male porn star", "entity": [{"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "disco soundtrack", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "a male porn star", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me a list of mike myers comedies in the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "mike myers", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "comedies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a james bond movie that starred timothy dalton", "entity": [{"entity": "james bond", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "timothy dalton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a list of movies starring kristen stewart as bella", "entity": [{"entity": "kristen stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "bella", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a horror movie from the 1950s", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "1950s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was christin slater in the movie billy jean", "entity": [{"entity": "christin slater", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "billy jean", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find all movies starring elvis presley", "entity": [{"entity": "elvis presley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the scariest horror movie from the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "scariest horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what g rated movies were released in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "g rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the comedy where cary elwes plays robin hood", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "cary elwes", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "robin hood", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did russel crowe appear in a movie about a mathematician", "entity": [{"entity": "russel crowe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "about a mathematician", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a pg 13 movie about a bank robbery", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "bank robbery", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did wild wild west come out", "entity": [{"entity": "wild wild west", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a documentary about a kiss tribute band", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "about a kiss tribute band", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where was lord of the rings filmed", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me rated r movies that came out in 1995", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "1995", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies are rated pg 13 that adam sandler has acted in", "entity": [{"entity": "rated pg 13", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "adam sandler", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which actor do you prefer will smith or denzel washington", "entity": [{"entity": "will smith", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "denzel washington", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a cameron diaz movie from the 90s", "entity": [{"entity": "cameron diaz", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was jaws released", "entity": [{"entity": "jaws", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me all movies based on tv shows released in the last 5 years", "entity": [{"entity": "movies based on tv shows", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "last 5 years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film features the song kiss from a rose by seal", "entity": [{"entity": "kiss from a rose", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a christopher reeves time spanning drama film", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher reeves", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies did woody allen make", "entity": [{"entity": "woody allen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [20, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list movies that are rated pg and involve car chases", "entity": [{"entity": "rated pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "involve car chases", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a well reviewed comedy starring john candy", "entity": [{"entity": "well reviewed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "john candy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the bedford incident", "entity": [{"entity": "the bedford incident", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with katherine hepburn and spencer tracy", "entity": [{"entity": "katherine hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "spencer tracy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a movie about werewolves and vampires", "entity": [{"entity": "about werewolves and vampires", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any adult animated movies available", "entity": [{"entity": "adult animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me disney dealing with aging movies", "entity": [{"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "aging", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie starring sigourney weaver", "entity": [{"entity": "sigourney weaver", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie with natalie wood and christopher walken", "entity": [{"entity": "natalie wood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "christopher walken", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me what films were directed by the wachowski brothers", "entity": [{"entity": "wachowski brothers", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a childrens movie by disney with a character named simba", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens movie", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "simba", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which nc 17 film had the highest box office gross", "entity": [{"entity": "box office gross", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the best mafia movies", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "mafia", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what genre is the movie par 6", "entity": [{"entity": "genre", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "par 6", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a documentary about the sports agency industry", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "about the sports agency industry", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films use the song zippity do da", "entity": [{"entity": "zippity do da", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did marilyn monroe star in any drama films", "entity": [{"entity": "marilyn monroe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find childrens movies about puppets", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "puppets", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for an old black and white british movie called the holly and the ivy", "entity": [{"entity": "black and white british", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "the holly and the ivy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [56, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has johnny depp directed any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "johnny depp", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play a trailer from the others", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "the others", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the hunger games star actress", "entity": [{"entity": "hunger games", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the director of the breakfast club", "entity": [{"entity": "who is the director of the breakfast club", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the film with kathy bates as the deranged fan of a captive writer", "entity": [{"entity": "kathy bates", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "deranged fan of a captive writer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of happy gilmore", "entity": [{"entity": "what is the plot of happy gilmore", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any pg 13 movies featuring john travolta", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in switchuing goals", "entity": [{"entity": "switchuing goals", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me 1960 horror movies with zombies", "entity": [{"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "horror movies", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "zombies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who said nobody puts baby in the corner", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me movies based on tv shows", "entity": [{"entity": "based on tv shows", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has a fight scene with kim kardashian and carmen electra", "entity": [{"entity": "fight scene", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "kim kardashian", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "carmen electra", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what year was crimson tide released", "entity": [{"entity": "in what year was", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "crimson tide", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "released", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the peter greenaway movie based on the tempest", "entity": [{"entity": "peter greenaway", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "the tempest", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated movies about vampires", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "vampires", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who played both boys in the errol flynn movie the prince and the pauper", "entity": [{"entity": "errol flynn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "the prince and the pauper", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [46, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a movie with the song when you really love a woman", "entity": [{"entity": "when you really love a woman", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [35, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an action flick with john wayne", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "john wayne", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me a movie made by peter jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "peter jackson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the disaster movie featuring bill paxton and a small role by phillip seymour hoffman", "entity": [{"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "bill paxton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "phillip seymour hoffman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [66, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie with the character katniss in it", "entity": [{"entity": "katniss", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a 1980s movie starring steve martin", "entity": [{"entity": "1980s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "steve martin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the melissa leo movie about smuggling illegals across the border", "entity": [{"entity": "melissa leo movie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "about smuggling illegals across the border", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did clint eastwood ever play a cowboy", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a movie with drew barrymore and adam sandler", "entity": [{"entity": "drew barrymore", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "adam sandler", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie hans conried and a gigantic piano keyboard", "entity": [{"entity": "hans conried", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "gigantic piano keyboard", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an r rated movie starring tom hanks", "entity": [{"entity": "r rated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie gummo released in the 1990s a punkcult movie", "entity": [{"entity": "gummo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "punkcult", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the song hold on by 90s band wilson phillips is used in which film soundtracks", "entity": [{"entity": "hold on", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "90s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "wilson phillips", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a review for the blue bird", "entity": [{"entity": "find a review for the blue bird", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [0, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie features keanu reeves as an exorcist", "entity": [{"entity": "keanu reeves", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "as an exorcist", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did jessica alba made any new movies after spy kids 4", "entity": [{"entity": "jessica alba", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a viewers review for the fast and the furious", "entity": [{"entity": "review", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "the fast and the furious", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me an lee meriweather film about a torch singer", "entity": [{"entity": "lee meriweather", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "torch singer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what film featured mel gibson danny glover and jet li", "entity": [{"entity": "mel gibson danny glover", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 42]}, {"entity": "jet li", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie features jack blacks voice as a panda", "entity": [{"entity": "jack blacks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "voice as a panda", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has jason segel been in", "entity": [{"entity": "jason segel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the movie that has darth vader in it", "entity": [{"entity": "darth vader", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did josh radnor direct any pg 13 movies", "entity": [{"entity": "josh radnor", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the movie directed by james cameron about blue people on another planet", "entity": [{"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "blue people on another planet", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what year was kid galahad released", "entity": [{"entity": "kid galahad", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many movies featured both kirk douglas and michael douglas", "entity": [{"entity": "kirk douglas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "michael douglas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie grossed the most amount of money opening weekend in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "grossed the most amount of money", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 43]}, {"entity": "2011", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the last charlie boyer movie", "entity": [{"entity": "charlie boyer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which was the first harry potter movie in the series", "entity": [{"entity": "first", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "harry potter", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rated r comedy movies 1990s", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [0, 1]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "1990s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the stepmother played by allison janney in juno", "entity": [{"entity": "allison janney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [46, 60]}, {"entity": "juno", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a 1980 well rated pg 13 that involves fighting of any kind", "entity": [{"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [2, 6]}, {"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "fighting", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a 1990 rated g film that has actor marcus testory in it that received a nine rating that is film noir", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [2, 6]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "marcus testory", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [92, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a nc 17 movie with james horan in the past two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [2, 7]}, {"entity": "james horan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a film that was highly recommended from 1960 starring marilyn monroe", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "marilyn monroe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a highly liked teen movie with jim carrey please", "entity": [{"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [2, 14]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "jim carrey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a list of sci fi movies in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a mediocre movie with a computer plot with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "computer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a movie released in the past ten decades with a nc 17 rating starring kevin anderson was liked a lot", "entity": [{"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "kevin anderson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [70, 84]}, {"entity": "was liked a lot", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [85, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a movie that was directed by tennyson bardwell that is rated pg 13 that is mockumentary", "entity": [{"entity": "tennyson bardwell", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [61, 66]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [75, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a movie with actress judy davis was made prior to the past six decades would be", "entity": [{"entity": "judy davis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a must see romance film from 1990 with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [2, 10]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "a rated g very popular william lustig family movie", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "william lustig", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "amanda fire directed this family film", "entity": [{"entity": "amanda fire", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "andrew lane produced what four star biography about a prisoner of war", "entity": [{"entity": "andrew lane", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "prisoner of war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any g rated movies with violence come out in the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "violence", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any drama films about becoming a champion", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "champion", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any film noir film from 1990 starring maria bello", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "maria bello", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good harrison ford thrillers released", "entity": [{"entity": "harrison ford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "thrillers", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good r rated action movies from the 1980 s out there", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good actors in the movie double dagger", "entity": [{"entity": "double dagger", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any highly recommended movies for the 1980 s about military guerrilla warfare", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "guerrilla warfare", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any rated r small town 1990 s movies that stars vanessa marcil", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [4, 5]}, {"entity": "small town", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "vanessa marcil", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any science fiction movies with billy wilder", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "billy wilder", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any war type rated r movies set in the 1940 s that received five stars", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "five stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any nc 17 kids movies from the past four decades", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated children movies", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any r rated romance movie released in 2010 with four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [1, 2]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any scarlett johansson drama movies from the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "scarlett johansson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any action movies about terrorist that are pg 13 being released this year", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "terrorist", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [53, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any adventure films directed by sofia coppola coming out soon", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "sofia coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any animation films from 2010 with actress cybill shepherd", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "cybill shepherd", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any biography films about the 1930 s directed gregg sacon that are unrated and produced during the last six years", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "1930 s", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "gregg sacon", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 67]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [77, 84]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [109, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any crime movies with jennifer love hewitt in them", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "jennifer love hewitt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any documentary movies about peoples rights", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "rights", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any family movies tarring hettie macdonald in the last five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "hettie macdonald", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any independent films directed by orson welles", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any independent movies from the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies about the lion king featuring seth green", "entity": [{"entity": "the lion king", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "seth green", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies on affairs in the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "affairs", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies starring jodie foster with good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "jodie foster", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies starring stan laurel and oliver hardy from the last two years available", "entity": [{"entity": "stan laurel and oliver hardy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 58]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any movies with children", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any new mockumentary films coming out soon", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any scary 1970 s movies starring sissy spacek", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "sissy spacek", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any scary g rated films starring kelly ripa from the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "kelly ripa", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "audrey hepburn starred in this pg 13 crime film", "entity": [{"entity": "audrey hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "auto recovery", "entity": [{"entity": "auto recovery", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "barry jenkins directed the greatest r rated mystery film during the last three years", "entity": [{"entity": "barry jenkins", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 17]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "last three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "billy warlock starred what sport movie in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "billy warlock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you give me a list of r rated scary movies from the year 1980", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a documentary rated pg that received two thumbs up from the 1960 s directed by aaron katz", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 43]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [81, 87]}, {"entity": "aaron katz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [100, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a film noir rated pg 13 starring richard jaeckel", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "richard jaeckel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find an r rated gangster movie about a dark past from the last four years with tom berenger in it", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "dark past", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "last four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [74, 89]}, {"entity": "tom berenger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [95, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find some good comedy movies", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you list all the mediocre adventure movies made in the last two years", "entity": [{"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you name a western movie rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you please recommend a fantasy movie about the occult from the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "occult", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you please recommend a good fantasy movie that came out last year", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you provide a list of movies that james dean was in", "entity": [{"entity": "james dean", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you recommend a pg 13 rated military movie from the year 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you recommend a classic crime movie made in the 1980 s starring clint eastwood that has a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you recommend a movie with a rating of five that stars sigourney weaver", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "sigourney weaver", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you recommend an horror movie that pauly shore was in", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "pauly shore", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you show me where i can find a movie about violence from 1970 that was directed by grace lee", "entity": [{"entity": "violence", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "grace lee", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me the name of a movie i saw in the late 90 s that was set in a futuristic utopia and it was rated r and the director was i think something like steve stamatiadis", "entity": [{"entity": "utopia", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [88, 94]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [106, 107]}, {"entity": "steve stamatiadis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [158, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you direct me to where i can find an r rated romance movie", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you help me find a movie starring larenz tate that was made in the past eight years that was rated well", "entity": [{"entity": "larenz tate", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "past eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [99, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you recommend some movies about marriage that are r rated", "entity": [{"entity": "marriage", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 46]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [53, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "d b sweeney stared in a pg 13 musical in the 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "d b sweeney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dating 1980 s movie that was rated pg 13 and was rated four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "dating", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "details about scooby doo and the loch ness monster kids movie", "entity": [{"entity": "scooby doo and the loch ness monster", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did al lewis play in an r rated highly rated biography in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "al lewis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did alfred hitchcock ever direct a documentary", "entity": [{"entity": "alfred hitchcock", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did bette davis ever star in a movie directed by martin scorsese", "entity": [{"entity": "bette davis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "martin scorsese", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did brian de palma direct any movies for children", "entity": [{"entity": "brian de palma", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did chad martin direct a western in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "chad martin", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did clint eastwood direct inception", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did clint eastwood direct any historical movies in the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did damon wayons star in an unrated nine stars movie in 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "damon wayons", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did david fincher direct a movie about war in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "david fincher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 42]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did david hyde pierce ever star in a movie involving abandonment", "entity": [{"entity": "david hyde pierce", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "abandonment", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did david lean direct any fantasy movies in the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "david lean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did david lean ever direct a drama in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "david lean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did dylan neal do a movie child movie", "entity": [{"entity": "dylan neal", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "child", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did francis ford coppola direct a thriller in the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "francis ford coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 24]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did francois truffaut direct any documentary films", "entity": [{"entity": "francois truffaut", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did frank capra do and ok animated movie", "entity": [{"entity": "frank capra", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 25]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did frank capra ever direct an r rated musical", "entity": [{"entity": "frank capra", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did george carlin star in any r rated or family films in the last decade", "entity": [{"entity": "george carlin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did george lucas direct a fantasy movie in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did hal mohr direct a movie about gags in the 1950 s that was given six stars", "entity": [{"entity": "hal mohr", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "gags", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did hayao miyazaki ever direct and films for children", "entity": [{"entity": "hayao miyazaki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did jacob ransom have a movie about fear of marriage that was rated seven in the last five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "jacob ransom", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "fear of marriage", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [81, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did james stewart act in any highly recommended film noir movies", "entity": [{"entity": "james stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [29, 47]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did jerry obach do any shorts", "entity": [{"entity": "jerry obach", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "shorts", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did jerry obach ever do an adventure movie", "entity": [{"entity": "jerry obach", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did john huston direct a mystery film", "entity": [{"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did leonardo dicaprio star in a film directed by brian de palma", "entity": [{"entity": "leonardo dicaprio", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "brian de palma", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did lucille ball appear in any pg 13 movies in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "lucille ball", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did neil h weiss direct a murder film in the past ten years that got eight stars", "entity": [{"entity": "neil h weiss", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "murder", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "past ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [69, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did nick stagliano direct any pg 13 mystery movies in the 1980 s rated around eight stars", "entity": [{"entity": "nick stagliano", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did orson welles ever direct a romantic comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did paul mazursky direct a film about redemption in the past two years", "entity": [{"entity": "paul mazursky", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "redemption", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "past two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did robby benson direct a short movie that was rated eight stars in 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "robby benson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 64]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did robert zemeckis ever direct a fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "robert zemeckis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did roman polanski direct any pg 13 thriller movies that were highly liked", "entity": [{"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did ron howard direct a science fiction film", "entity": [{"entity": "ron howard", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did ron howard ever direct a musical in the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "ron howard", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did ron howard ever direct an independent film", "entity": [{"entity": "ron howard", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sam raimi direct any mystery movies that are rated r in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "sam raimi", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [46, 47]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sergio leone direct any fantasy movies that are rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "sergio leone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sergio leone ever direct a movie in the children genre", "entity": [{"entity": "sergio leone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did spike lee direct any adventure movies", "entity": [{"entity": "spike lee", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did spike lee ever direct an avant garde film", "entity": [{"entity": "spike lee", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did stanley kubrick ever direct any romantic comedy films", "entity": [{"entity": "stanley kubrick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did stephen j anderson star in any sci fi movie during the 1950 s", "entity": [{"entity": "stephen j anderson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steve barron direct any comedy movies that people thought was all right", "entity": [{"entity": "steve barron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven shainberg star in a very popular mystery movie that was rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "steven shainberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [67, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven soderbergh direct a mockumentary", "entity": [{"entity": "steven soderbergh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven soderbergh direct an r rated film noir movie", "entity": [{"entity": "steven soderbergh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven spielberg direct wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven spielberg direct any horror movies in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did terence fisher direct a movie about first love in the past two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "terence fisher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "first love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the shining receive a rating of five stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did tom jones starring in pg 13 film centers on human in the past eight years", "entity": [{"entity": "tom jones", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "human", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "past eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did vivien leigh act in any historical movies in the 1950 s", "entity": [{"entity": "vivien leigh", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did director stefan popescu make a movie about veganism", "entity": [{"entity": "stefan popescu", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "veganism", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did you enjoy pink flamingos", "entity": [{"entity": "pink flamingos", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did you enjoy the worlds greatest dad", "entity": [{"entity": "worlds greatest dad", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did you love mamma mia", "entity": [{"entity": "mamma mia", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did you see custers last man i survived little big horn", "entity": [{"entity": "custers last man i survived little big horn", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do the coen brothers ever direct action movies", "entity": [{"entity": "the coen brothers", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you carry the movie the a team", "entity": [{"entity": "the a team", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you happen to carry the movie gold diggers of 1933", "entity": [{"entity": "gold diggers of 1933", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you happen to know where i might find the movie every which way but loose", "entity": [{"entity": "every which way but loose", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [51, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have colossus the forbin project", "entity": [{"entity": "colossus the forbin project", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a debra winger adventure movie with an average ratings of a six from the last seven decades about degradation", "entity": [{"entity": "debra winger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [72, 75]}, {"entity": "last seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [85, 103]}, {"entity": "degradation", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [110, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a pg 13 history film about a political state that stars elizabeth taylor", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "political state", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "elizabeth taylor", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a comedy from the 1940 s directed by joey stewart", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "joey stewart", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a decent film from the 2010 s that stars randolph mantooth", "entity": [{"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "randolph mantooth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a fantasy film from last year directed by randy barbato", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "randy barbato", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a film from the 1950 s liked by many people that starred william forsythe", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "william forsythe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have a must see war film rated pg 13 from the past seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any kenneth branagh movies from the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "kenneth branagh", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any nc 17 rated 1980 drama movie starring cameron starman", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "cameron starman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any pg 13 family films from the last two years that was liked by many and starred chris noth", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "chris noth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [94, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any information about the movie buying the cow", "entity": [{"entity": "buying the cow", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any sci fi movies that were directed by jon knautz from this year", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "jon knautz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [68, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have that really popular romance flick from the 2010 s rated pg 13 directed by robin blazak", "entity": [{"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [68, 73]}, {"entity": "robin blazak", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the 1970 s r rated horror film starring robert deniro", "entity": [{"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 24]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "robert deniro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the la monte edwards science fiction film from the 1970 s about shapeshifting", "entity": [{"entity": "la monte edwards", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [16, 32]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "shapeshifting", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [76, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the pg 13 movie from 1970 about a road trip directed by karen harley thats good for a laugh", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "road trip", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "karen harley", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "laugh", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [98, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the average pg 13 film starring joaquin phoenix", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "joaquin phoenix", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the film the loss of sexual innocence", "entity": [{"entity": "the loss of sexual innocence", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the gangster film from the past four years directed by rob hardy about a missing prisoner", "entity": [{"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "rob hardy", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [67, 76]}, {"entity": "missing prisoner", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [85, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the movie key largo", "entity": [{"entity": "key largo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the movie spawn", "entity": [{"entity": "spawn", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the movie suspiria", "entity": [{"entity": "suspiria", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the movie the level", "entity": [{"entity": "the level", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have the sports film rated nc 17 and directed by erik canuel", "entity": [{"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "erik canuel", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know an unrated really popular biography set in brooklyn", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "brooklyn", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know of the r rated movie starring mark dacascos in a war movie during the vietcong vietnam that was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "mark dacascos", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [61, 64]}, {"entity": "vietcong vietnam", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [82, 98]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [108, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know the title to the documentary that rutger hauer appeared in some time around 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "rutger hauer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [88, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i can find a nc 17 rated extraterrestrial movie directed by martin mcdonagh", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "extraterrestrial", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "martin mcdonagh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [78, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i can find a pg sports movie from the 1940 s that was directed by wych kaosayananda", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 33]}, {"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "wych kaosayananda", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i can find the movie paradox of the andes", "entity": [{"entity": "paradox of the andes", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i might find the movie must love death", "entity": [{"entity": "must love death", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where id be able to find an nc 17 rated 1970 movie of the tale genre", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "tale", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [70, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where id be able to find an good r rated movie about a family that was directed by josh stone", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [45, 46]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [67, 73]}, {"entity": "josh stone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where to find the movie welcome to mooseport", "entity": [{"entity": "welcome to mooseport", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know who starred in hollywood daffy", "entity": [{"entity": "hollywood daffy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you think youd be able to help me find the penguins of madagascar operation dvd premier", "entity": [{"entity": "the penguins of madagascar operation dvd premier", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [42, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does a j langer have a g movie", "entity": [{"entity": "a j langer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does adam sandler appear in a crime film", "entity": [{"entity": "adam sandler", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does julia roberts have a voice in wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "julia roberts", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does a 1970 s john byrum horror movie that got seven stars exist", "entity": [{"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "john byrum", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [47, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "eddie cibrian starred in what merit badge tale that people found ok made in the past four years", "entity": [{"entity": "eddie cibrian", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "merit badge", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "tale", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [65, 67]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [80, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the shining movie which director was john huston", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a 1950 nc 17 car chase movie directed by marcus warren", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "car chase", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "marcus warren", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a 1990 s film about a curse", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "curse", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a pg 13 western movie rated seven stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "seven stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [33, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a cowboy movie rated pg starring bridget fonda", "entity": [{"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 28]}, {"entity": "bridget fonda", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a critically acclaimed 1980 sci fi film", "entity": [{"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a film noir rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a film titled shut", "entity": [{"entity": "shut", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a film with the title suicide killers", "entity": [{"entity": "suicide killers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a military film from the last six years starring stacey dash", "entity": [{"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "stacey dash", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a mockumentary movie with the plot being societal issues", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "societal issues", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a movie called crossover", "entity": [{"entity": "crossover", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a romantic comedy starring hugh jackman", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a sci fi film", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a thriller movie with lies being the plot", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "lies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find any biography movies from the last two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "last two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find average science fiction movies rated g from 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a fantasy movie made withing the past eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "frank darabont made good movies around 1950 s any good war films by him", "entity": [{"entity": "frank darabont", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [55, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give details of the movie wall e starring hugh jackman", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me info about bright young things", "entity": [{"entity": "bright young things", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me more details about the movie top gun", "entity": [{"entity": "top gun", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "had david lynch ever directed an avant garde movie that is rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "david lynch", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [59, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has andrei tarkovsky directed any rated g biographical movies that got two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "andrei tarkovsky", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 41]}, {"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has billy wilder directed and rated r horror films", "entity": [{"entity": "billy wilder", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has bobbie phillips been in a r rated war movie that got a rating of seven in the last six decades", "entity": [{"entity": "bobbie phillips", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 31]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "last six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [82, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has charlton heston ever been a voice in an animated movie", "entity": [{"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has charlton heston ever been in a musical", "entity": [{"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has david denneen directed a rated r sci fi on the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "david denneen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has david lynch ever directed any historical films", "entity": [{"entity": "david lynch", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has francois truffaut ever directed a disaster movie", "entity": [{"entity": "francois truffaut", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has frank capra directed any action movies that received two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "frank capra", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has frank darabont directed any westerns", "entity": [{"entity": "frank darabont", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "westerns", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has fritz lang directed any teen movies in the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "fritz lang", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has gary cooper been in any good historical films", "entity": [{"entity": "gary cooper", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has gary cooper ever been in a movie directed by steven spielberg", "entity": [{"entity": "gary cooper", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "steven spielberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has guillermo del toro ever been in a children movie", "entity": [{"entity": "guillermo del toro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has ingrid bergman ever won an oscar", "entity": [{"entity": "ingrid bergman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has james dean acted in any drama films", "entity": [{"entity": "james dean", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has jennifer connelly ever been in a critically acclaimed nc 17 movie", "entity": [{"entity": "jennifer connelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has john huston ever directed any avant garde movies that are rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [68, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has john ford ever directed and biographical movies", "entity": [{"entity": "john ford", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has judi dench been in an adventure movie", "entity": [{"entity": "judi dench", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has julie andrews ever been a rated r film noir movie", "entity": [{"entity": "julie andrews", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has kevin spacey appeared in an comedy films that are rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "kevin spacey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [60, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has kevin spacey ever been in a romantic comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "kevin spacey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has michael keusch directed any rated r musicals in the past ten decades", "entity": [{"entity": "michael keusch", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "musicals", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has michelangelo antonioni ever directed a musical", "entity": [{"entity": "michelangelo antonioni", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has michelangelo antonioni ever directed a western", "entity": [{"entity": "michelangelo antonioni", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has nicole kidman ever been in a thriller movie", "entity": [{"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has orson welles directed and drama movies with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has pascal franchot directed any really popular animation in the last two years", "entity": [{"entity": "pascal franchot", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has paul newman been in a thriller that received eight stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "paul newman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "eight stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has phylicia rashad done any r rated action movies in the past six years", "entity": [{"entity": "phylicia rashad", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "past six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has quentin tarantino ever directed a horror film", "entity": [{"entity": "quentin tarantino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has ridley scott ever directed an avant garde movie", "entity": [{"entity": "ridley scott", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has ridley scott ever directed an independent film", "entity": [{"entity": "ridley scott", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has sergio leone directed any animated films", "entity": [{"entity": "sergio leone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has sofia coppola ever directed a thriller movie", "entity": [{"entity": "sofia coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has traci bingham made any movies in the last five years", "entity": [{"entity": "traci bingham", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "last five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has woody allen ever directed a teen movie", "entity": [{"entity": "woody allen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "has there been an adventure pg 13 movies in the last two decades that mark pavia has directed", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "last two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "mark pavia", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [70, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have you ever watched the vantage point", "entity": [{"entity": "vantage point", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have you seen my last five girlfriends", "entity": [{"entity": "my last five girlfriends", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have you seen a charlton heston disaster movie", "entity": [{"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "have you seen the movie inception with jodie foster", "entity": [{"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "jodie foster", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how come i do not see as many mockumentary movies being made these days", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how come they never did a sequel to the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how did you like 4 months 3 weeks and 2 days", "entity": [{"entity": "4 months 3 weeks and 2 days", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how did you like men in black", "entity": [{"entity": "men in black", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how is the movie death to smoochy", "entity": [{"entity": "death to smoochy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how likely is antony sher to have been in a movie as early as 1950 that was rated at least seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "antony sher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many r rated emotional movies have been made in the past five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "past five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many comedy movies has meryl streep has been in", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many films featured stacey dash in 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "stacey dash", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many levels of dreams are in the movie inception", "entity": [{"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how would you rate who killed who", "entity": [{"entity": "who killed who", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am interested in a pg 13 fantasy movie that was directed by dusty nelson and has an average rating of seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "dusty nelson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [104, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a pg rated thriller that was made sometime in the last decade that was directed by daniel zirilli", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "daniel zirilli", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [100, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a post apocalypse plot unrated movie that was directed by george gallo from the last six years and has a seven stars ratings average", "entity": [{"entity": "post apocalypse", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "george gallo", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [97, 111]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [122, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a sci fi from 1970 with excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a thriller that was directed by alex pires sometime in the past five years", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "alex pires", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "past five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a unrated disney movie about a teddy bear starring julie pinson with a four star ratings average", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "teddy bear", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "julie pinson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [88, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for an arnold schwarzenegger action movie from the past five years", "entity": [{"entity": "arnold schwarzenegger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 41]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "past five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for an unrated science fiction movie from this year", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for some highly recommended family films from 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am trying to find a police movie rated pg 13 that had a rating of six and starred jane campion", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [68, 71]}, {"entity": "jane campion", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a 1970 history movie starring patricia richards", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "patricia richards", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a pg 2010 documentary that was directed by hiromichi matano", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 11]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "hiromichi matano", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a documentary starring helena bonham carter from the past three years that was received well", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "helena bonham carter", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 50]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [86, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a movie from 2000 that is r rated and stars danielle fishel", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 34]}, {"entity": "danielle fishel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want an eight stars rated mystery movie", "entity": [{"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a 2010 movie that was directed by alek keshishian with the plot being about striking it rich", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "alek keshishian", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "striking it rich", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [91, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find out about a sam neill movie made in the 1990 s that is rated pg and was rated nine out of 10", "entity": [{"entity": "sam neill", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 61]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [76, 78]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [93, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get the movie when nature calls", "entity": [{"entity": "when nature calls", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see inception by francis ford coppola", "entity": [{"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "francis ford coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to see a history movie made in 1970 is there any", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to watch an emotional pg 13 1990 boxer movie that has a rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "boxer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would a movie about gangs with actor barry pepper", "entity": [{"entity": "gangs", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "barry pepper", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a biography directed by ian mackenzie that had an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "ian mackenzie", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a list of political films that were rated a six", "entity": [{"entity": "political", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a movie from 1990 with a plot about despair", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "despair", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a must see adventure about a mountain climber", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "mountain climber", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a war movie directed by harry elfont from last year rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "harry elfont", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like an emotional type movie", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like the movie mongolian death worm", "entity": [{"entity": "mongolian death worm", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like the title of the pg 13 rated movie with dan haggerty that was rated well", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "dan haggerty", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 65]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a movie with the title cobb", "entity": [{"entity": "cobb", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a two thumbs up rated bill cosby movie from 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "bill cosby", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 53]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to get the reflecting skin movie", "entity": [{"entity": "the reflecting skin", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to see the well rated action movie about security from the 1940 s that was rated g and directed by javier mariscal", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "security", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 62]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 78]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [94, 95]}, {"entity": "javier mariscal", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [112, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would love to see a 1960 s melodrama made by melville shavelson with a nine rating", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "melodrama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "melville shavelson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like a list of girl movies filmed in the year 1990 which star bobbie phillips", "entity": [{"entity": "girl", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 53]}, {"entity": "bobbie phillips", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [65, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like that really good emotional film starring carmen electra about an artist", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "carmen electra", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "artist", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like that watchable and unrated film noir movie from 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a 1960 s mockumentary film", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a pg 13 movie about promises that was directed by steven silver", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "promises", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "steven silver", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a cowboy movie with actor dermot mulroney featured in it", "entity": [{"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "dermot mulroney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id love a suggestion for a 1950 war movie", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id really like to see the 1970 drama by alan j pakula", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "alan j pakula", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a 1970 s political film about finance", "entity": [{"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "political", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "finance", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a kate jackson sci fi film from 2000 that got excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "kate jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a pg movie featuring animation and starring michael gross that rated an average of nine", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "michael gross", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [98, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a pg 13 documentary directed by shuhei morita", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "shuhei morita", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a pg 13 thriller starring damiano damiani", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "damiano damiani", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a western", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a biography film from 1980 with an irish italian plot directed by tim blake nelson", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "irish italian", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "tim blake nelson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [81, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a comedy starring laurence olivier rated five stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "laurence olivier", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a documentary about urban living that was critically acclaimed and rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "urban living", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 77]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [88, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a fantasy movie directed by samuel l jackson thats rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "samuel l jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 59]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a gangster movie", "entity": [{"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a mockumentary from the last ten years with the actor lea solunga in it", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "lea solunga", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [69, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a movie with actor paul reiser in it", "entity": [{"entity": "paul reiser", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a scary movie from the past seven decades with a rating of four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a science fiction movie", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a short film starring jared leto that was liked by many rated r and made in the past four decades", "entity": [{"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "jared leto", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [71, 72]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [95, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a six star movie starring vanessa marcil from the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "six star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "vanessa marcil", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 55]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a very popular 1950 movie about a midlife crisis starring spencer tracey and was rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "midlife crisis", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "spencer tracey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a war film from the past ten years rated nc 17 and directed by putipong saisikaew", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "past ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "putipong saisikaew", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [78, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an nc 17 biography about a mental patient released in the last eight years and directed by strathford hamilton", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "mental patient", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "last eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [73, 89]}, {"entity": "strathford hamilton", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [106, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an nc 17 rated film about adventure that was made in the past three years", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an ok movie rated pg 13 featuring william hurt and made in 1970", "entity": [{"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "william hurt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an r rated drama from the past four decades", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an r rated movie starring michale pare that was made in the past eight decades in the thriller genre", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "michale pare", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an emotional movie rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an entertainment film about from the past seven decades about a genius starring alan autry", "entity": [{"entity": "entertainment", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "genius", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [79, 85]}, {"entity": "alan autry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [95, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an unrated musical from the past two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for animation flicks from the last nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "last nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for any drama films from the past four decades that scored at least nine out of ten", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 57]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for that childrens movie starring sylvester stallone from the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "sylvester stallone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [45, 63]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for the 1950 g rated psychological movie about a missing prisoner directed by michael staininger", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "psychological", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "missing prisoner", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [60, 76]}, {"entity": "michael staininger", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for the fantasy movie from the past eight years that starred kurt russell and was about fairies", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "past eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "kurt russell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "fairies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for the sports movie from 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for the unrated 1940 s violent movie that was liked by many and starred tom selleck", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "violent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "tom selleck", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [83, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for the unrated sports film directed by lewis milestone from the past four years that was considered all right", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "lewis milestone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 66]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [76, 91]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [112, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im searching for a 1950 s r rated watchable family movie about someone held captive", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "held captive", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im trying to find a pg 13 drama from the 1950 s starring levar burton", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "levar burton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im trying to find a very good funny movie that was filmed in 1940 do you have it", "entity": [{"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im trying to remember the name of a pg 13 movie with brendan fletcher about a mountain climber from the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "brendan fletcher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "mountain climber", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [104, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im want to watch an all right western from 1980 where they search for gold", "entity": [{"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "search for gold", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [59, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1950 what really good thriller was directed by jeremy okeefe", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "jeremy okeefe", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1970 was deidre hall in an unrated short film", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "deidre hall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1970 was kellie martin in a pg 13 science fiction movie that was highly recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "kellie martin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1970 what unrated movie was maria bello in that received an average rating of seven", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "maria bello", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1980 what sport movie did john dunson direct", "entity": [{"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "john dunson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 1990 what sport movie did cynthia daniel star in that was rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "cynthia daniel", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 2010 s how many pg 13 horror movies are there", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in 2010 s what action movies was dina meyer in", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "dina meyer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1940 s what science fiction films did jesse v johnson direct", "entity": [{"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "jesse v johnson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [45, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1950 s did mike barnett direct a pg 13 science fiction bounty hunter movie", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "mike barnett", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "bounty hunter", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1960 s did cory edwards direct an unrated sci fi that received an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "cory edwards", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1960 s what pg 13 police film about a fugitive received eight stars", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "fugitive", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [63, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1960 s what r rated movies was brooke shields in", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "brooke shields", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1980 s what military soldier movies came out", "entity": [{"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "soldier", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1990 s was there an r rated adventure movie that had an average rating of eight", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 1990 s what nc 17 biography was talisa soto in that received an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "talisa soto", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [89, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 2000 s what pg 13 was a well rated movie about drama and guilt", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "guilt", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [64, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 2000 s what movies was sheree j wilson in", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "sheree j wilson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the 2010 s was albert finney in an r rated spaghetti western", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "albert finney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [38, 39]}, {"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last decade what history films by adam wingard were really good", "entity": [{"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "adam wingard", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last five decades was there a family film that aaron woolf directed", "entity": [{"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "aaron woolf", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last five years was benicio del torro in a pg 13 movie", "entity": [{"entity": "last five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "benicio del torro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last four years which movie did donnie walberg appear in that was pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "last four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "donnie walberg", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last seven years was there an r rated violence film that received an average rating of five", "entity": [{"entity": "last seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 32]}, {"entity": "violence", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last six decades what movies has adam storke been in", "entity": [{"entity": "last six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "adam storke", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last six years has there been a film about artists with alexandre rockwell in it", "entity": [{"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "artists", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "alexandre rockwell", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last ten years did gene kelly star in any very popular fantasy movies", "entity": [{"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "gene kelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 61]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the last three decades were there any emotional movies about boxing with an rating of seven starring kelly preston", "entity": [{"entity": "last three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "boxing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "kelly preston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past decade what r rated comedy directed by milan konjevic was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "milan konjevic", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past decade what funny unrated movies were directed by earnest harris", "entity": [{"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "earnest harris", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past decade what war movies were highly rated", "entity": [{"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past nine decades did ken bruce direct a g rated sci fi about galactic war that received an average rating of eight", "entity": [{"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "ken bruce", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [48, 49]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "galactic war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [117, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past nine decades what movies have come out for children", "entity": [{"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past seven decades was mimi rogers an many adventure films", "entity": [{"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "mimi rogers", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [50, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past seven years has there been a horror film starring brenden sexton jr with good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "past seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "brenden sexton jr", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [85, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in the past year what highly recommended pg 13 adventure movie about chaos featured andy dick", "entity": [{"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "chaos", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "andy dick", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [84, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in what year was the hire hostage released", "entity": [{"entity": "the hire hostage", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is billy wilder the director of inception", "entity": [{"entity": "billy wilder", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [32, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is david fincher working on any drama films currently", "entity": [{"entity": "david fincher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is david lean a highly recommended director", "entity": [{"entity": "david lean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is don c in traitor", "entity": [{"entity": "traitor", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is edward norton in a science fiction movie that is just ok", "entity": [{"entity": "edward norton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is gene hackman in any good action movies that are rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "gene hackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is george lucas the director of the science fiction movie star wars", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is geraint wyne davies a mediocre movie of war", "entity": [{"entity": "geraint wyne davies", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 22]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [43, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is heath ledger in and rated g film noir movies that got two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "heath ledger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 40]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is james cagney in the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "james cagney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is james cameron currently working on any movies", "entity": [{"entity": "james cameron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is john travolta starring in any childrens movie", "entity": [{"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is quentin tarantino planning on working on any animated films soon", "entity": [{"entity": "quentin tarantino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is robert de niro in any disaster movies", "entity": [{"entity": "robert de niro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 17]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is sweet rush eng subs a good movie to watch", "entity": [{"entity": "sweet rush eng subs", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the only good indian stars any known actors in it", "entity": [{"entity": "the only good indian", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the shining based on a true story", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is tim doiron a good biography director", "entity": [{"entity": "tim doiron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is it true that kate mulgrew was born in 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "kate mulgrew", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is that movie wall e out yet", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the movie lorenzos oil any good to see", "entity": [{"entity": "lorenzos oil", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the movie open season animated", "entity": [{"entity": "open season", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is their a film called street revenge", "entity": [{"entity": "street revenge", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a 1940 hugh piper horror film with an imaginary friend", "entity": [{"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "hugh piper", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "imaginary friend", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a 1970 s avant garde film", "entity": [{"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a bill paxton movie in the last seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "bill paxton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "last seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a callie khouri highly liked 2010 s family movie", "entity": [{"entity": "callie khouri", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [25, 37]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a dean martin action film that was liked a lot this past year", "entity": [{"entity": "dean martin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "was liked a lot", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a john travolta comedy from the past two years", "entity": [{"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "past two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a lea thompson movie about god that took place in the 1950 s with an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "lea thompson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "god", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [96, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie with director charles stewart in the past seven years on military bravery that is good", "entity": [{"entity": "charles stewart", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "past seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "bravery", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [99, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg documentary in the past nine decades with tim allen", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "tim allen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg movie starring carrot top that was rated well", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "carrot top", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg rated crime movie which director was john hughes", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 13]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "john hughes", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg 13 documentary about illegal operation that is watchable", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "illegal operation", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg 13 film out there from the 2000 s that focuses on an evil character", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "evil", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pg 13 mockumentary that is liked by many and starring nicolas cage from the last nine years", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "nicolas cage", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "last nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a paul hunter movie that was very popular and released in 1970 with a pg rating that was about global power", "entity": [{"entity": "paul hunter", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "global power", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a r rated fantasy film which director was roman polanski", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a wall e movie starring robert redford", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "robert redford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a animation pg 13 movie with trisha romance", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "trisha romance", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a biographical movie by the director andrei tarkovsky", "entity": [{"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "andrei tarkovsky", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a comedy with a rating of r", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a crime film starring robin williams", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "robin williams", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a crime movie withing the last eight years that had an average eight star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "last eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "eight star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [72, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a drama good rated r 1940 s movie", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a evil horror movie with at least four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "evil", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a fantasy movie directed by irving lerner in the past six decades that has an average rating of six stars", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "irving lerner", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 74]}, {"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [105, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a film with the title f", "entity": [{"entity": "f", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [11, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a film noir genre movie which director was mel brooks", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "mel brooks", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a five star jenna elfman romantic comedy type movie about an unhappy marriage set in the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "jenna elfman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "unhappy marriage", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a funny movie that came out recently about a misadventure", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "misadventure", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a gold strike starring danny glover in the last decade", "entity": [{"entity": "gold strike", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "danny glover", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good r rated comedy about a comedy troupe", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "comedy troupe", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good robin williams movie that is an adventure", "entity": [{"entity": "robin williams", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good action movie about redemption", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "redemption", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good action movie based on a mission that came out in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "mission", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good comedy that is rated pg 13 about sexual desire", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "sexual desire", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good film noir movie that can be recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good horror movie about a curse", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "curse", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good movie in the film noir genre", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good psychological drama bout a struggle", "entity": [{"entity": "psychological drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "struggle", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [43, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good rated r military movie about camp", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "camp", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good romance movie i can take my girlfriend to", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good romantic comedy about jealousy", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "jealousy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good scary movie that is rated pg 13 about extrasensory perception", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "extrasensory perception", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good sci fi movie that could be recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good thriller movie out", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good thriller that is rated pg 13 that came out in the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [66, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a highly rated drama film that stars julie andrews", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "julie andrews", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a highly recommended teen movie by roman polanski thats rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [71, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a highly recommended war movie from 1990 that johan renck directed", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 29]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 33]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "johan renck", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a historical movie starring morgan freeman", "entity": [{"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "morgan freeman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a historical movie which director is hayao miyazaki", "entity": [{"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "hayao miyazaki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a historical movie which director was robert zemeckis", "entity": [{"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "robert zemeckis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a horror film starring charles chaplin", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "charles chaplin", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a horror movie that centers on zombie child", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "zombie child", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a horror sequel titled zombi 2", "entity": [{"entity": "zombi 2", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called 2001 maniacs", "entity": [{"entity": "2001 maniacs", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called black rain", "entity": [{"entity": "black rain", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called manfast", "entity": [{"entity": "manfast", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called one man one cow one planet", "entity": [{"entity": "one man one cow one planet", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called seconds apart", "entity": [{"entity": "seconds apart", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called unanswered prayers", "entity": [{"entity": "unanswered prayers", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called wall e that was directed by roman polanski", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie called the night on earth", "entity": [{"entity": "night on earth", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie for children starring liam neeson", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "liam neeson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie from 2000 that starred chris rock", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "chris rock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie from the 1990 s about romance and rated r starring julie andrews and has excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [51, 52]}, {"entity": "julie andrews", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie set in the 1940 s that has a plot of a runaway that might be really popular", "entity": [{"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "runaway", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie starring cary grant witch director was hayao miyazaki", "entity": [{"entity": "cary grant", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "hayao miyazaki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie starring james cagney", "entity": [{"entity": "james cagney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie titled buffalo dreams", "entity": [{"entity": "buffalo dreams", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie titled confidence", "entity": [{"entity": "confidence", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie titled supergirl", "entity": [{"entity": "supergirl", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie titled wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie which director was mel brooks", "entity": [{"entity": "mel brooks", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a movie with six stars rated r with fantasy", "entity": [{"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [32, 33]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a musical movie which director is francis ford coppola", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "francis ford coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [43, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a rated g western movie with director faith granger", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "faith granger", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a rated r biography within the past five years that received well ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "past five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a really good love movie about falling in love in the 1940 era", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "love", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "falling in love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a really popular confession r rated starring howard stern", "entity": [{"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "confession", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [37, 38]}, {"entity": "howard stern", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a romance very popular film with robert pratten in the past eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "robert pratten", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sci fi past eight decades ago that was directed by tim hill", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [18, 36]}, {"entity": "tim hill", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a seven rating rated g musical starring tea leoni", "entity": [{"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "tea leoni", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a short dean stockwell movie rated nc 17 from the past eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "dean stockwell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a short movie", "entity": [{"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a spaghetti western about a sheriff with an average rating", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 28]}, {"entity": "sheriff", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sport movie with a rating of pg 13 starring katherine hepburn", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "katherine hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a very popular pg rated romantic comedy about adoption set in the 1940 s starring tim robbins", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "adoption", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "tim robbins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [91, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a war movie which director was frank capra", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "frank capra", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a well rated western movie starring jack lemmon", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "jack lemmon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a western movie rated nc 17 and directed by grant harvey", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "grant harvey", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a western movie starring charlton heston", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an r rated childrens movie about sibling rivalry in the 1980 s that was rated a seven on average", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "sibling rivalry", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [89, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an r rated fantasy directed by robert taylor that is liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "robert taylor", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an action movie starring sean connery", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an action movie that centers on vigilante", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "vigilante", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an action movie within the last six decades that has a rating of seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "last six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an all right 1960 s mockumentary from steven dupler with an r rating", "entity": [{"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "steven dupler", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [69, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an animated movie that is directed by christopher nolan", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "christopher nolan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an avant garde movie starring angelina jolie", "entity": [{"entity": "avant garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "angelina jolie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an inception movie starring heath ledger", "entity": [{"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "heath ledger", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an underground documentary from 1980 rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "underground", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an unrated adventure film released this year that was directed by michael campus and was considered ok", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "michael campus", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [109, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any r rated history movie filmed in the year 1950 which received a rating average of seven", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 58]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [94, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any r rated portrait film starring billy bob thornton", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "portrait", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "billy bob thornton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any documentary films about religion that received two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "religion", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any drama movie witch director is federico fellini", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "federico fellini", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any good adventure films that were made this year", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any good mockumentary films coming out this year", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any good rated r crime movies coming out next month", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any good teen movies that are supposed to be coming out this year", "entity": [{"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any historical movies about world war 2 coming out this year", "entity": [{"entity": "historical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any movie for children witch director was terrence malick", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "terrence malick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any rated g military movies", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 20]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any really good fantasy movies that came out in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any scary sequels coming out soon like another saw movie", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any western films about mining", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "mining", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any western films that are rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there biographical movie witch director is fritz lang", "entity": [{"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "fritz lang", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there five stars and above rating spaghetti western movie made in 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 29]}, {"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "james spader acted in which middle earth fantasy movie in 1970", "entity": [{"entity": "james spader", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "middle earth", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "jennifer lien starred in this action film of the the last six years that received a really good rating", "entity": [{"entity": "jennifer lien", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [84, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "june lockheart was featured in this unrated animation film of the last decade", "entity": [{"entity": "june lockheart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [66, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ken shapiro directed a pg 13 fantasy movie about an evil wizard have you seen this in the last nine years", "entity": [{"entity": "ken shapiro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "evil wizard", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "last nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [90, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list home alone 4", "entity": [{"entity": "home alone 4", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [5, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list lucille ball movies rated a five", "entity": [{"entity": "lucille ball", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list pg 13 rated independent movie which director was steven soderbergh and people said that i must see", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "steven soderbergh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 71]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [95, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list pg 13 history movies from last year", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list pg 13 movies about love and depression with john cusak in the past ten years", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "love", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "john cusak", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "past ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list r rated movies starring clint eastwood in the last ten decades with a fugitive plot style", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "last ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 67]}, {"entity": "fugitive", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [75, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list samuel l jackson movies", "entity": [{"entity": "samuel l jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the shining film starring clark gable", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "clark gable", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a 1950 s spaghetti western that involves indian and is rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [66, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a 1980 biography that was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a 1990 rufus sewell adventure movie that was rated well", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "rufus sewell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a 2000 s teen movie directed by federico fellini", "entity": [{"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "federico fellini", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a christopher lloyd animation movie from the past nine years", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher lloyd", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "past nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a david lean musical", "entity": [{"entity": "david lean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a humphrey bogart thriller", "entity": [{"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a nc 17 rated military films directed by zelda barron in 1980 that was ok", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "zelda barron", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [76, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a nc 17 rated movie with actress kathie lee gifford from the year 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "kathie lee gifford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 56]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg biography from 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg rated fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg rated funny movie that centers on road trip", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 9]}, {"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "road trip", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg 13 rated teen movie made in 1950 s starring mel gibson", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 44]}, {"entity": "mel gibson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg 13 biography film that centers on mafia directed by david green for the past five years", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "mafia", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "david green", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [62, 73]}, {"entity": "past five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a pg 13 film from the past three decades starring chase masterson", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "past three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "chase masterson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a tom hanks thriller", "entity": [{"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a wall e movie which director were the coen brothers", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "the coen brothers", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a wall e movie", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a biographical movie that has excellent ratings starring john travolta", "entity": [{"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "has excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [31, 52]}, {"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a chick film in the past ten decades", "entity": [{"entity": "chick", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a comedy from 1950 with a ratings average of five stars starring andre braugher", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "five stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 60]}, {"entity": "andre braugher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [70, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a comedy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a crime film directed by jonathan demme", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "jonathan demme", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a critically acclaimed 1990 nc 17 sci fi film", "entity": [{"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a disaster movie that is highly recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [30, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a drama film within the last four decades with actor curly howard", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "last four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "curly howard", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a eight stars nazi movie in the year 2000 s directed by sean doyle", "entity": [{"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "nazi", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "sean doyle", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [61, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a film like olly olly oxen free", "entity": [{"entity": "olly olly oxen free", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a film noir which director was ingmar bergman", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "ingmar bergman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a film starring della reese", "entity": [{"entity": "della reese", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a funny movie which centers on road trip", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "road trip", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a gangster film with a nc 17 rating directed by sean ellis in the year 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "sean ellis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a good biography directed by federico rivia", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "federico rivia", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a good thriller movie made in 1960 s starring cate blanchett", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "cate blanchett", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a highly liked horror film that is rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [40, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a horror film about corporal punishment from the past six decades directed by darren stein", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "corporal punishment", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "darren stein", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [83, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a kid film about growing up", "entity": [{"entity": "kid", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "growing up", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a move of the gags genre that was directed by j s cardone and uses satire in its plot", "entity": [{"entity": "gags", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "j s cardone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "satire", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [72, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a movie wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a movie about family betrayal directed by arthur marks", "entity": [{"entity": "family betrayal", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 34]}, {"entity": "arthur marks", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a movie like moontrap", "entity": [{"entity": "moontrap", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a movie starring edward norton", "entity": [{"entity": "edward norton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a movie starring tom hanks", "entity": [{"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a musical directed by susan muska", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "susan muska", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a must see rated g movie about an alien hunter with actor ginger rogers", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "alien hunter", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "ginger rogers", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [63, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a must see thriller made last year but is pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a police film", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a psychological drama movie that centers on lost experiences", "entity": [{"entity": "psychological drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 26]}, {"entity": "lost experiences", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a rated nc 17 war movie this year", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a rated r watchable christopher walkin film noir", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 8]}, {"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "christopher walkin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a really good action film thats rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a really good crime pg 13 rated movie starring morgan freeman", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "morgan freeman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a romantic drama movie", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a sci fi movie", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a science fiction pg 13 film with william forsythe", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "william forsythe", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a short film last year with sissy spacek", "entity": [{"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "sissy spacek", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a six stars and above rating romantic comedy starring vivien leigh", "entity": [{"entity": "six stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 26]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "vivien leigh", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a six stars horror film within the last six years with robin wright", "entity": [{"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "robin wright", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a spaghetti western movie", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a suspense movie within the past three years", "entity": [{"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a teen movie thats rated pg 13 that received a five stars and above rating", "entity": [{"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [52, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a thriller film starring meryl streep", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a very good movie for children starring nicole kidman", "entity": [{"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a war film starring robert evan", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 10]}, {"entity": "robert evan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a watchable tommy lee jones r 1960 s movie", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "tommy lee jones", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 34]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list a well rated pg 13 teen movie", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list action movies that star satoshi kon", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "satoshi kon", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list adventure films all about air battles released within the last year that were rated a six", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "air battles", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 72]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [91, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all 1950 s bounty hunter themed r rated movies that got nine stars and had matthew porretta in them", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "bounty hunter", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [37, 38]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "matthew porretta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [80, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all g rated movies about a road trip that received an average rating", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "road trip", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all r rated film noir movies", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all adventure movies that came out in 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all fantasy movies that have been released in the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all horror movies directed by amos kollek in the past five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "amos kollek", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [35, 46]}, {"entity": "past five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all romance movies made in 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all tales that were rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "tales", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an inception movie which director was frank capra", "entity": [{"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "frank capra", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an nc 17 rated biography film that centers on composer staring fisher stevens in the last nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "composer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "fisher stevens", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 82]}, {"entity": "last nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an pg rated action jujitsu with ratings average nine starring peter cushing in 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 10]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "jujitsu", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "peter cushing", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [67, 80]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an pg 13 eight star movie with robert ri chard in the year 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "robert ri chard", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an r rated drama starring yasmine bleeth", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "yasmine bleeth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an r rated film that centers on quest with excellent ratings for the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "quest", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [48, 65]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an r rated highly recommended political film from the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "political", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an r rated thriller that stars jimmy smits and has an eight star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "jimmy smits", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an adventure movie in the 1960 s about an information team directed by aleks rosenberg", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "information team", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "aleks rosenberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an animation from the past three years that has excellent ratings and andrew douglas is the director", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "andrew douglas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [75, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an eight stars and above independent movie starring judi dench", "entity": [{"entity": "eight stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [8, 29]}, {"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "judi dench", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an emotional affair movie from director j mackye gruber that is rated pg 13 in 1960", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "affair", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "j mackye gruber", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [45, 60]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an emotional movie during the year 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an independent movie starring judi dench", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "judi dench", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an independent movie", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an unrated adventure from the past ten decades", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list an unrated must see drama", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list childrens movies that included john wayne in the cast", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "john wayne", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list crime movies from the 2000 s that were rated nc 17", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [50, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list documentaries that had robert downey jr in them", "entity": [{"entity": "documentaries", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "robert downey jr", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list fantasy movies from past seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list good g rated documentaries about religion", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "documentaries", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "religion", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list horror movies directed by paul abascal that was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "paul abascal", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list independent movie starring audrey hepburn", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "audrey hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list movies that starred charlton heston", "entity": [{"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list of pg 13 adventure movies from 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list rated pg 13 crime films that centers assassination attempt starring christopher walkin", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "assassination attempt", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 63]}, {"entity": "christopher walkin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [73, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list rated r comedy within last seven years", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "last seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list romance films starring barbara eden", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "barbara eden", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list scary movies with a terror centric plot", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "terror", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list several funny films", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list six rating pg 13 animation films in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list six rating food poisoning entertaining films starring helen hunt", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "food poisoning", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "entertaining", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "helen hunt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some g rated family movies from jerry london", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 11]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "jerry london", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some classic mystery films", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some comedy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some good sport movies from the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some movies featuring graphic sexual horror", "entity": [{"entity": "graphic sexual horror", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some really good mystery movies", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the g rated films with susan hargrove from the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 10]}, {"entity": "susan hargrove", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the animation films that were rated five stars", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "five stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the documentary films that came out in the past ten years", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "past ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the film wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the films directed by roland emmerich from the past nine years that involved indians", "entity": [{"entity": "roland emmerich", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "past nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "indians", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the plot of excess baggage", "entity": [{"entity": "excess baggage", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the science fiction films directed by deborah kaplan from the last six decades that was rated very good by viewers", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "deborah kaplan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "last six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 83]}, {"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [99, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look up the movie title i love hong kong", "entity": [{"entity": "i love hong kong", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a movie with a military setting and that some folks might call mediocre that took place in the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [75, 83]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [107, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for an ok terrorist film to watch", "entity": [{"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [2, 4]}, {"entity": "terrorist", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for an average rated r crime movie that stars known actors", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 24]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mention an unrated horror movie from director lamberto bava", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "lamberto bava", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "michael bay action movie", "entity": [{"entity": "michael bay", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "movie information on south of the border", "entity": [{"entity": "south of the border", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my husband wants to see the film noir rated nc 17 with nicole kidman in it", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a 1950 wilderness film for children", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "wilderness", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a 2010 s drama", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a bruce boxleitner comedy that is rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "bruce boxleitner", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [45, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a jonathan segal fantasy film", "entity": [{"entity": "jonathan segal", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a pg 13 film from the 2000 s that starred kathie lee gifford", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "kathie lee gifford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a rick bieber directed family film rated pg 13 from the past nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "rick bieber", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a sport themed movie directed by chris nahon that everyone says you must see", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "chris nahon", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [73, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a comedy released in 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a critically acclaimed adventure film directed by dennis hopper", "entity": [{"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 27]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "dennis hopper", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a dark peta wilson movie", "entity": [{"entity": "dark", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "peta wilson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a drama film that is rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a film about a kung fu master", "entity": [{"entity": "kung fu master", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a film that stars deidre hall and was released in the past six decades", "entity": [{"entity": "deidre hall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a highly liked r rated funny film released in the last five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 19]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a musical that was directed by billy wilder", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "billy wilder", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a mystery with a serial killer that was rated seven", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "serial killer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a seven star r rated biography released in 2000 that stars bruce willis", "entity": [{"entity": "seven star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 19]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "bruce willis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [64, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a thriller of the 1990 s with an average rating of nine", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a very good pg 13 rated drama", "entity": [{"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name all pg 13 movies from the past four decades starring spencer tracey", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "spencer tracey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name all movies in the past ten decades that star jonathon saech", "entity": [{"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "jonathon saech", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name all the r rated dramas that had a rating of four stars that starred alberta watson", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "alberta watson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name an actor from stargate sg 1 children of the gods final cut", "entity": [{"entity": "stargate sg 1 children of the gods final cut", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name an emotional film from 2000 that is highly liked", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name decently rated fun party movies of the past nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "decently", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "fun", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "party", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name some 1950 s history movies", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the 1940 s military movie by directory florian baxmeyer with a government assassin plot", "entity": [{"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "florian baxmeyer", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "government assassin", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [68, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the harold f kress unrated film with good ratings that centers on a parole hearing", "entity": [{"entity": "harold f kress", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "parole hearing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [73, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "notorious is an instant classic", "entity": [{"entity": "notorious", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pg 13 comedy directed by scott f evans", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "scott f evans", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list a 1940 s short movie rated pg 13 starring jon stewart", "entity": [{"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "jon stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list a kids move about being held captive that is rated r and was released in the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "held captive", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [57, 58]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [89, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list any movies about sports", "entity": [{"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list film noir movies", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list movies in the crime genre that were given an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list some mediocre film noir movies released in the past two decades directed by robert hiltzik", "entity": [{"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 75]}, {"entity": "robert hiltzik", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please provide a list of several r rated war movies", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 9]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please suggest some animation movies from the past nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please tell me where i can find a fantasy movie", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ray brady directed sci fi pg 13 this year with ratings of eight", "entity": [{"entity": "ray brady", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "recall a crime movie released in the last five decades that was directed by jesse t cook", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "jesse t cook", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [76, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "romance movies with average ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "rose jackson starred in this g rated film of the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "rose jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show a family movie with a ratings average of five", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all action films that were rated very good", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all unrated scary moves about gore", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "gore", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me information about marine boy", "entity": [{"entity": "marine boy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me information about prime", "entity": [{"entity": "prime", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me some movies about witches", "entity": [{"entity": "witches", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me about green lantern emerald knights", "entity": [{"entity": "green lantern emerald knights", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me about a highly rated animation film starring theresa randall", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "theresa randall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me about the movie lemonade mouth", "entity": [{"entity": "lemonade mouth", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me about the movie little children", "entity": [{"entity": "little children", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me if there is a well rated comedy with robert duvall in it", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "robert duvall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me some 1950 s adventure movies that are about a fight", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "fight", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me some movies starring al lewis", "entity": [{"entity": "al lewis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me the name of a susan seidelman tale movie that came out in the past two decades and was about a warthog", "entity": [{"entity": "susan seidelman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "tale", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "warthog", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "that comedy was so funny that id give it ten stars", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "ten stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the tree came out when", "entity": [{"entity": "the tree", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 8]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the actor brad renfro starred in the highly recommended film noir in the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "brad renfro", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the director april maiya directed many romantic wedding movies in the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "april maiya", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "wedding", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the movie blue steel", "entity": [{"entity": "blue steel", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the movie the wind that shakes the barley what is it about", "entity": [{"entity": "the wind that shakes the barley", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the name of the fantasy movie with billy bob thornton that was given two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "billy bob thornton", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 53]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "theres this one brendan fraser movie from 2000 i think its pg 13 im trying to find more information", "entity": [{"entity": "brendan fraser", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this 1950 horror film was directed by alex chapple", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "alex chapple", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "this mockumentary of the last decade received four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [46, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tim abell was featured in what g rated 1970 s italian american film with an average rating of four", "entity": [{"entity": "tim abell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 32]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "italian american", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "unrated mystery in the past seven years that has four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "past seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 39]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wanted to know if in the past two years has there been an all right action movie that came to have a standoff", "entity": [{"entity": "past two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [68, 74]}, {"entity": "standoff", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [101, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wanted to know is there a rated r movie set in war made in 2010 that has the actor yasmine bleeth in it", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 63]}, {"entity": "yasmine bleeth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was anne bancroft in a movie about mexico last year", "entity": [{"entity": "anne bancroft", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "mexico", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was bruce boxleitners 1950 movie rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "bruce boxleitners", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was cate blanchett in any independent films", "entity": [{"entity": "cate blanchett", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was charlton heston ever in a romantic comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "charlton heston", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was david lynch offered to direct the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "david lynch", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was gene hackman ever a narrator for a biographical film", "entity": [{"entity": "gene hackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was guillermo del toro ever in any western films", "entity": [{"entity": "guillermo del toro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was hugh jackman ever in an r rated war film that is highly recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was humphrey bogart in a western movie that has excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "has excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was humphrey bogart in any good children movies", "entity": [{"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was humphrey bogart in any good thriller films", "entity": [{"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was ian mckellen offered a role in the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "ian mckellen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was john travolta ever in a movie about disaster", "entity": [{"entity": "john travolta", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was kriss kristopherson in a mediocre pg biography", "entity": [{"entity": "kriss kristopherson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 23]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [38, 40]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was matt damon even alive when the shining was made", "entity": [{"entity": "matt damon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was nicole kidman in any r rated adventure movies", "entity": [{"entity": "nicole kidman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was nikki cox in an animation movie", "entity": [{"entity": "nikki cox", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was pam grier in an r rated movie that critics said was very good", "entity": [{"entity": "pam grier", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was samuel l jackson in any crime movies in the 1960 s when he was a child", "entity": [{"entity": "samuel l jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was vivien leigh in a musical that was rated r and received nine stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "vivien leigh", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 40]}, {"entity": "nine stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [60, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was that michael bergin scary pg 13 movie made in the 2000 s all right", "entity": [{"entity": "michael bergin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a biography about jeff bridges made in the last year", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "jeff bridges", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a crime movie with cheech marin in 1970", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "cheech marin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a decent watchable romance in the past year that starred tim roth", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "tim roth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [67, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a highly recommended romance released in the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 30]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a movie called bronson", "entity": [{"entity": "bronson", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a science fiction last year", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there a very good film starring jane seymour the debuted in 1950", "entity": [{"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "jane seymour", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there an r rated family movie starring chad fees that got nine stars that was released in the past eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [7, 8]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "chad fees", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [98, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was there ever a movie about a magic book that was rated nc 17", "entity": [{"entity": "magic book", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "were there many family movies liked by many in 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1940 family movie starring kevin anderson was about a childhood sweetheart", "entity": [{"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "kevin anderson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "childhood sweetheart", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1940 hit received all right ratings and was based on a culture clash directed by mark romanek", "entity": [{"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "culture clash", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "mark romanek", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1950 action movie stars clancy brown", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "clancy brown", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1950 mockumentary had eight stars starring james garner", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "james garner", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1950 s war movies are about snipers", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "snipers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1960 film about an information team got two thumbs up and featured actor melinda clarke", "entity": [{"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "information team", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "melinda clarke", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [78, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1960 s drama received good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1970 short film directed by james de frond got a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "james de frond", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1980 s cowboy film was directed morten lindberg", "entity": [{"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "morten lindberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1980 s horror movie starred james cagney", "entity": [{"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "james cagney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1990 horror movie about demons was directed by philip adrian booth", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "demons", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "philip adrian booth", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1990 s animation film was rated g", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [37, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 2000 highly recommended kristen scott thomas movie about a runaway was rated nc 17", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "kristen scott thomas", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 49]}, {"entity": "runaway", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [82, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 2010 pg rated adventure film stars wayne a harold", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "wayne a harold", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 2010 movies did robert evan star in", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "robert evan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 2010 well rated romantic comedy about friends starred kim delaney and received an r rating", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "friends", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "kim delaney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [75, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 2010 s movie starring david caruso is about a utopia", "entity": [{"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "david caruso", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "utopia", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what bentley dean kid movie in the last seven years received excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "bentley dean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "kid", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "last seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what carroll oconner musical is liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "carroll oconner", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what g rated 1980 disaster movie that was directed by yi seung jun with a ratings average of eight called", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "yi seung jun", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what g rated horror movie released within the last four years that was directed by william richert", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "last four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "william richert", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what g rated movie with moira kelly was produced in the 1990 s and was received well", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "moira kelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what g rated tale was liked a lot", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "tale", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "was liked a lot", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [18, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what gary cooper thriller in the last nine years has a very popular rating", "entity": [{"entity": "gary cooper", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "last nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [55, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what humphrey bogart movie would a family in the 1990 s find really popular", "entity": [{"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [49, 55]}, {"entity": "really popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what jose quiroz romances have come out in the past seven years", "entity": [{"entity": "jose quiroz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "romances", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "past seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nc 17 movie starred dean stockwell", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "dean stockwell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nc 17 movies about women received eight stars", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "women", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nc 17 sport movie did chris farley star in that received mediocre ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "chris farley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what ok crime movie was directed by taylor hackford", "entity": [{"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "taylor hackford", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg and well rated movie stars tyra banks within the laugh genre", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "tyra banks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "laugh", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [57, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg movie released within the last two years featured david cassidy and was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 7]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "david cassidy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [80, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 romantic comedy starred tom hanks", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "tom hanks", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 war movie has spencer tracy starred in", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "spencer tracy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 rated documentary about politics was made in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "politics", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [60, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 james bedford mystery got two thumbs up in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "james bedford", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 animation movie was liked by many and starred jonathon pryce", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "jonathon pryce", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 bandolero movie was aaron kwok in that received five stars", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "bandolero", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "aaron kwok", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "five stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 crime movie starring danny devito was released within the last ten years and received an ok rating", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "danny devito", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 fantasy movie did jane fonda star in that got good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "jane fonda", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 film was based on alien intrusion", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "alien intrusion", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 films have an occult plot", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "occult", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 movie about an investigation did david green direct and get an average rating of seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "investigation", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "david green", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 movie did warren p sonoda direct about the western times in the 1970 s that received mediocre ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "warren p sonoda", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [96, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 movie with an average rating of nine stars michael pare", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "michael pare", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 mystery movies of the 2010 s are at least four stars rating", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [53, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pg 13 rated film directed by john huston had a prisoner of war plot and an average rating of seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "prisoner of war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated movies did robert vaughn star in this year", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "robert vaughn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated rebel movie was peta wilson in that received an average rating of five", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "rebel", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "peta wilson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated suspense movies came out in 1990", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated western with a rating of eight that was directed by ken wheat", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "ken wheat", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [65, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated howard stern movies are there from the past two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "howard stern", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated movie was released this year about the 1960 s that has an eight star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "eight star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [71, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated short came out in 2010 and was rated average", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rachel perkins short came out in 1940", "entity": [{"entity": "rachel perkins", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r evil and scary movies from mihalis kakogiannis came out last year", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "evil", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "mihalis kakogiannis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what spike lee movie stars clint eastwood", "entity": [{"entity": "spike lee", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "clint eastwood", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what tanya hamilton directed biography received a ok rating", "entity": [{"entity": "tanya hamilton", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 19]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what western movies are there from the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what woody allen film s featured paul newman", "entity": [{"entity": "woody allen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "paul newman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what action films earned a rating of five stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [37, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what actor stars in a pg 13 action movie set in the year 1940 that was received well", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [57, 61]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what adventure movie about a secret mission rated pg 13 starring moira kelly and released last year averaged seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "secret mission", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "moira kelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [109, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what adventure movie about murder that was released in the last decade got nine stars and starred jerry obach", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "murder", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 70]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "jerry obach", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what adventure movies did dave r watkins direct", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "dave r watkins", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are all the musicals from the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "musicals", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are any titles of horror films rate r from the past nine years starring joe pantiliano", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [36, 37]}, {"entity": "past nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "joe pantiliano", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [77, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are movies with the word ringmaster in the title", "entity": [{"entity": "ringmaster", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are several titles of must see films rated r about fantasy and cruelty from the past three decades", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 43]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "cruelty", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "past three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are several titles of unrated action movies starring jason priestley", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "jason priestley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some ok r biographys that came out in the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "ok", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "biographys", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some pg movies that came out last year and had something to do with the british", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "british", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some pg 13 thrillers", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "thrillers", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated drama films that were directed by john geddes", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "john geddes", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated fantasy movies by guy magar", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "guy magar", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated gangster movies from the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated military movies", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated movies that combine adventure and cia espionage", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "cia", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some r rated western movies that received ten stars", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "ten stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some action films that are pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some animation movies that received nine stars", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [45, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some childrens films directed by george lucas", "entity": [{"entity": "childrens", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some classic action films", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some classic military movies", "entity": [{"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some classic mystery films", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some dramas starring james stewart", "entity": [{"entity": "dramas", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "james stewart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some fantasy movies directed by glen morgan in the past three decades", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "glen morgan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "past three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [60, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some fantasy movies in the past six years directed by corey yuen", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "past six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "corey yuen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some good drama films", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some good kids movies starring adrian pasdar", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "adrian pasdar", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some highly rated thriller films about being haunted that are rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "haunted", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 61]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [68, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some history movies rated r with an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some independent films", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some must see westerns from the 1950 s", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "westerns", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some police themed movies from the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some really good crime films", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some sci fi g rated films from 1970", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some science fictions films that have randolph mantooth in them", "entity": [{"entity": "science fictions", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "randolph mantooth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some spaghetti westerns that were received well", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti westerns", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some titles of animation films directed by tomm coker that received average ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "tomm coker", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 62]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some titles of any spy films rated r that were directed by rob walker from the last two years and liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "spy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [38, 39]}, {"entity": "rob walker", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [68, 78]}, {"entity": "last two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [88, 102]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [107, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some titles of crime films from the 1950 s", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some very popular documentary movies rated r from the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [46, 47]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some well known independent films from the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "independent", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "what are the best disney movies", "entity": [{"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the movies released the last eight years with james dean", "entity": [{"entity": "last eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "james dean", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [55, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the names of all the actors in 1960 s suspense movies dealing with survival", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [47, 55]}, {"entity": "survival", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the names of the drama movies directed by woody allen", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "woody allen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of any action movies rated five stars and above directed by ron howard", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "ron howard", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of any animation films from the past nine years that were rated four stars in which leonard nimoy appeared", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "past nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 67]}, {"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [84, 88]}, {"entity": "leonard nimoy", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [104, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of any family movies starring frank langella from the last nine decades that received eight stars ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "frank langella", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "last nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [106, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of several drama films", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of some films about history from the past three years directed by josh rubin", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "josh rubin", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [86, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the titles of some science fiction movies that were produced in the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [77, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the worst sci fi movies rated pg 13 in the last seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "last seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are your most favorite biographical movies", "entity": [{"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what avante garde film is the director orson welles best known for", "entity": [{"entity": "avante garde", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what biographical movie did christopher walken star in", "entity": [{"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "christopher walken", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [28, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what biography movies are about warsaw poland", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "warsaw poland", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what biography movies released in the last seven years were rated pg 13 and directed by jonathan wacks", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "last seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "jonathan wacks", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [88, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what biography received a six rating that was directed by brad haynes", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "brad haynes", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [58, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what chick flicks has michael pare done in the past nine decades", "entity": [{"entity": "chick", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "michael pare", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "past nine decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what comedies has samuel l jackson been in", "entity": [{"entity": "samuel l jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what cowboy film directed by iren koster received two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "iren koster", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what cowboy movie from a past year starring john belushi is about a gold miner", "entity": [{"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "john belushi", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "gold miner", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what crime movies are there from the 1970 s that were directed by lincoln ruchti", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "lincoln ruchti", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [66, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what crime movies has will smith been in", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "will smith", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what critically acclaimed movies starred ben stiller or his parents in the last five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 25]}, {"entity": "ben stiller", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 52]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what decent drama of the 2000 s featured a plot about a secret society", "entity": [{"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "secret society", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what decent movie released last year was a pg 13 fantasy that involved elves", "entity": [{"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "elves", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [71, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what exactly is the ubaldo terzani horror show", "entity": [{"entity": "ubaldo terzani horror show", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what family film was rated r that was based on retirement directed by ryan shiraki", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "retirement", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "ryan shiraki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [70, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what family movie directed by jefery levy is rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "jefery levy", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [51, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what fantasy movie was released in 1990 and rated well about a magic book starring scott speedman", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "magic book", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "scott speedman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [83, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what fantasy movies were released in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what films has christopher nolan directed", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher nolan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what five star movies from the 1950 s featured sophia loren", "entity": [{"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "sophia loren", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what funny pg 13 movies would you recommend", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what genre is the movie dive", "entity": [{"entity": "dive", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what genre is the movie the presidio", "entity": [{"entity": "the presidio", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what genre of film does hayao miyazaki usually direct", "entity": [{"entity": "hayao miyazaki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good crime movie revolves around crime bosses", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "crime bosses", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good crime movie was made in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good government documentary can i watch for a research project about republicans", "entity": [{"entity": "government", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good movie made in the 1990 s is scary and about a haunting", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 34]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "haunting", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good rated pg 13 women movies did grant brown direct in the last six years", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "women", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "grant brown", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "last six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [65, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what good romantic comedy can i watch that is about star crossed lovers", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "star crossed lovers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what highly liked pg 13 movie was about a teenage boy", "entity": [{"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "teenage boy", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what highly rated musical was tamera mowry in within the past seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "tamera mowry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what highly rated sport movie starring juliana margulies released in the past six decades has been highly rated", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "juliana margulies", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [73, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what history movie starred eva larue and got good reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "eva larue", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what history movies in the past eight decades starred george carlin", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "george carlin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what info can i get about music of the heart", "entity": [{"entity": "music of the heart", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is abes tomb", "entity": [{"entity": "abes tomb", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is annihilation earth about", "entity": [{"entity": "annihilation earth", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is curse of the swamp creature about", "entity": [{"entity": "curse of the swamp creature", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is domino about", "entity": [{"entity": "domino", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is eugene about", "entity": [{"entity": "eugene", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is hellhounds about", "entity": [{"entity": "hellhounds", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is horrors of the black museum", "entity": [{"entity": "horrors of the black museum", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is in the electric mist", "entity": [{"entity": "in the electric mist", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is lord of the flies about", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the flies", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is matt damons highest rated movie", "entity": [{"entity": "matt damons", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [8, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the godfather part iii about", "entity": [{"entity": "the godfather part iii", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the governess about", "entity": [{"entity": "the governess", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rock about", "entity": [{"entity": "the rock", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the sensei about", "entity": [{"entity": "the sensei", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the first 20 million is always the hardest about", "entity": [{"entity": "the first 20 million is always the hardest", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is wall e about", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is welcome to the rileys about", "entity": [{"entity": "welcome to the rileys", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1940 nc 17 short movie with a average rating of five directed by david vonallmen", "entity": [{"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "five", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 62]}, {"entity": "david vonallmen", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [75, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1950 romance movie starring glenn close", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "glenn close", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1950 s family film directed by jeff betancourt", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "jeff betancourt", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1950 s sports themed movie that has a four stars rating", "entity": [{"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a 1990 rated r film staring randolph mantooth", "entity": [{"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 16]}, {"entity": "randolph mantooth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a disney movie about a runaway that was directed by brian burns in 1980", "entity": [{"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "runaway", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "brian burns", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a g rated movie released in the past four years about concentration camps", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 11]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "concentration camps", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a pg thriller rated seven stars directed by hironobu sakaguchi", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 12]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "hironobu sakaguchi", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a pg 13 quenton tarantino movie made in 1970 featuring rejection", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "quenton tarantino", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 33]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "rejection", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a pg 13 tracey nelson history movie with good rating from the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "tracey nelson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "good rating", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 60]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a pg 13 adventure with a car chase in the past two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "car chase", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "past two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a sci fi film directed by jorge solis about a war against machines that received two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "jorge solis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "war against machines", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [89, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a decent pg science fiction movie that came out in the last four years and stars tim robbins", "entity": [{"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 19]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "last four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 78]}, {"entity": "tim robbins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [89, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a decent movie that stars don johnson", "entity": [{"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "don johnson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a emotional marty belafsky film about illness that was rated r and came out in 1960", "entity": [{"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "marty belafsky", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "illness", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [63, 64]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [87, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a four star nc 17 movie involving witches starring kate jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "witches", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "kate jackson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a four star revenge spaghetti western film directed by graham reznick in the last three decades", "entity": [{"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "revenge", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "graham reznick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "last three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [85, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "what is a g rated film animation film that was released within the past six years and has a ratings average of six stars", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 11]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "past six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
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+{"text": "what is a good 1950 animation movie with actor rudolf valentino and thats rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "rudolf valentino", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 63]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good 1960 s history movie rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good 1990 s romance movie starring kelsy grammer", "entity": [{"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "kelsy grammer", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good g rated biography film released within the past eight years", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 11]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "past eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good pg 13 science fiction film that michael kastenbaum directed in the last eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 36]}, {"entity": "michael kastenbaum", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 65]}, {"entity": "last eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [82, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good children movie with humphrey bogart in it", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "humphrey bogart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good comedy from the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good comedy that was made in the 1970 s besides caddyshack", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good mockumentary", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good movie about the military that has an r rating", "entity": [{"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [52, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good movie starring andy garcia released within the past six decades", "entity": [{"entity": "andy garcia", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [62, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good thriller that is rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [32, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good war movie released within the past four decades", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a highly recommended r rated film with a found dead plot", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [29, 30]}, {"entity": "found dead", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [49, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a history film that stars melanie griffith with a five star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "melanie griffith", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a history movie starring tommy lee jones", "entity": [{"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "tommy lee jones", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a horror film from the past three years directed by gerson sanginitto", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "past three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "gerson sanginitto", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [60, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a movie about decisions with at least an average rating", "entity": [{"entity": "decisions", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a movie withing the last three years with a six star rating about an arrest starring jeri ryan", "entity": [{"entity": "last three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "six star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "arrest", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "jeri ryan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [93, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a must see 1950 s movie about police", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a must see pg short film directed by jonathan demme", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "jonathan demme", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a rated r fantasy movie with haley mills", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [10, 11]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "haley mills", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a really good pg 13 science fiction movie that was directed by franco steffanino", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "franco steffanino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a really good r rated sci fi movie", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 23]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a really good action movie from 1970 with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [52, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a really good biography", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a really good scary movie about an axe murder", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "axe murder", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a science fiction film starring roma downey that is rated pg 13 and released during the 1950 s", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "roma downey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [66, 71]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [96, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a sport movie directed by susan seidelman in the last ten decades", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "susan seidelman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "last ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [57, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a summary of the plot of the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a summary of the plot of the movie wall e", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a trickery movie with excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "trickery", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a very good western film in the past seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a very popular pg 13 sci fi movie", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a very popular r rated la monte edwards film that was made in 1960 and took place in los angeles", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [23, 24]}, {"entity": "la monte edwards", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 47]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [70, 74]}, {"entity": "los angeles", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [93, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a watchable nc 17 1980 s sci fi movie with rel hunt in it", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "rel hunt", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [51, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a watchable pg 13 suspense film directed by ward powers than features a dead child and was made in the past eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "suspense", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "ward powers", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 63]}, {"entity": "dead child", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [80, 90]}, {"entity": "past eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a well rated action movie about prisoners", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "prisoners", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a well rated comedy with courtney cox", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "courtney cox", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a western movie from the past ten decades that is directed by rob carpenter", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "rob carpenter", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an all right movie from 1970 that is about a rise to power", "entity": [{"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "rise to power", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an animated film that habib azar directed", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "habib azar", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an animated movie with a five star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an average movie of the last ten decades about a gold miner", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "last ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "gold miner", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an entertaining tracey moffatt film that has come out in the past year", "entity": [{"entity": "entertaining", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "tracey moffatt", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "past year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an unrated sport movie with robert picardo", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "robert picardo", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is some high rated thrillers", "entity": [{"entity": "thrillers", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is that six star chick flick with andie macdowell in it", "entity": [{"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "chick", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "andie macdowell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the 1970 unrated movie with excellent ratings starring faye dunaway about unrequited love", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "faye dunaway", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "unrequited love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [82, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the city of god about", "entity": [{"entity": "city of god", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the domino effect about", "entity": [{"entity": "domino effect", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the fists of fury", "entity": [{"entity": "fists of fury", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best comedy that was made in the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best horror movies made in 1977", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best mockumentary", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best movie starring daniela pestova", "entity": [{"entity": "daniela pestova", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best romance movie made in the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the highest rated movie that charlie chaplin was in", "entity": [{"entity": "charlie chaplin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the highest rated thriller that alfred hitchcock directed", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "alfred hitchcock", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last movie did roman polanski directed", "entity": [{"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last rated r fantasy movie that came out", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [17, 18]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last science fiction film that was rated r and directed by hayao miyazaki", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [47, 48]}, {"entity": "hayao miyazaki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [71, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last science fiction movie that charlize theron was in is is aeon flux", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "charlize theron", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last science fiction movie that george lucas directed", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last teen movie that john huston directed", "entity": [{"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last war movie that came out about nazi germany", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "nazi germany", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the last war movie that received two thumbs up about a general", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "general", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the latest movie starring sam shepard", "entity": [{"entity": "sam shepard", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the mockumentary by yann samuell", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "yann samuell", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most recent western to get five stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [39, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most well known oliver stone mystery movie", "entity": [{"entity": "oliver stone", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie angel camouflaged about", "entity": [{"entity": "angel camouflaged", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie bitten", "entity": [{"entity": "bitten", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie easy a about", "entity": [{"entity": "easy a", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie phantasm ii about", "entity": [{"entity": "phantasm ii", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie primer about", "entity": [{"entity": "primer", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie ripped off madoff and the scamming of america about", "entity": [{"entity": "ripped off madoff and the scamming of america", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie the shunning about", "entity": [{"entity": "the shunning", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie from 1970 starring jensen ackles", "entity": [{"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "jensen ackles", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie with a seven star rating from 2000 starring jennifer connelly with a pg 13 rating", "entity": [{"entity": "seven star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "jennifer connelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [62, 79]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [87, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the musical remake of the vampire movie that roman polanski directed and is it a g rating", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [89, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of r rated gangster movie from 1940 that matthew lawrence was in", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "gangster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [48, 52]}, {"entity": "matthew lawrence", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of a pg rated movie thriller that has stabbing in it", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "stabbing", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of a movie for children directed by robert zemeckis", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "robert zemeckis", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [53, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of a very popular mystery movie starring roger howarth", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "roger howarth", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of an animated film from the 1990 s directed by fritz lang", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "fritz lang", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [65, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of that comedy movie series about police", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [51, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the barbara stanwyck movie about a murderer it was made within the last year", "entity": [{"entity": "barbara stanwyck", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "murderer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [87, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the g rated animated movie about a hyena directed by shunji iwai", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 25]}, {"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "hyena", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "shunji iwai", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [73, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the pg biography directed by steven goldmann", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "steven goldmann", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the pg movie about a president directed by stoney sharp that was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "president", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 50]}, {"entity": "stoney sharp", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [85, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the robert duvall biography with a pg 13 rating and an average review of eight", "entity": [{"entity": "robert duvall", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [55, 60]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [93, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the crime film from 1940 directed by don siegel", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 44]}, {"entity": "don siegel", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [57, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the psychological movie about a lawyer starring david mccallum", "entity": [{"entity": "psychological", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "lawyer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "david mccallum", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the six stars animation starring jamie lee curtis about a barbie doll", "entity": [{"entity": "six stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 43]}, {"entity": "jamie lee curtis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 69]}, {"entity": "barbie doll", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [78, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the unrated military movie about d day released in 2010 directed by peter kuran", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "military", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "d day", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [71, 75]}, {"entity": "peter kuran", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [88, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the year 2000 movie starring richard chamberlain about body snatching and that received nine stars out of ten", "entity": [{"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "richard chamberlain", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 68]}, {"entity": "body snatching", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [108, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot for the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of christmas nightmare", "entity": [{"entity": "christmas nightmare", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of the film titled dakota", "entity": [{"entity": "dakota", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of the film titled death sentence", "entity": [{"entity": "death sentence", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of the movie us now", "entity": [{"entity": "us now", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the plot of the movie titled navy seals", "entity": [{"entity": "navy seals", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rated r movie that marleen gorris directed with the emotional decision aspect to it receiving an average rating", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "marleen gorris", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 45]}, {"entity": "emotional", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "decision", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [74, 82]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [109, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a documentary starring lynda carter", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "lynda carter", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a fantasy storytelling movie rated r that was released in the past two years and directed by patrick pierre", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "storytelling", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [50, 51]}, {"entity": "past two years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [83, 97]}, {"entity": "patrick pierre", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [114, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a highly recommended 1990 mystery directed by elizabeth harrison with only a pg rating", "entity": [{"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [23, 41]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "elizabeth harrison", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [67, 85]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [98, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a movie about a dog starring corey feldman that had a rating of nine", "entity": [{"entity": "dog", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "corey feldman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 63]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [85, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a movie about redemption that was released this year and directed by pitof", "entity": [{"entity": "redemption", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "pitof", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of a movie starring ciarn hinds from 2010 that was rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "ciarn hinds", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [69, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of an animated film by tim burton", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "tim burton", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of the jim byrnes film that received nine stars in 1980", "entity": [{"entity": "jim byrnes", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [69, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of the pg 13 fantasy movie with mark paul gosselar about a dark hero that came out in the last ten years", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "mark paul gosselar", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "dark hero", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [108, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of the mystery film with paul reiser that was rated an eight", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "paul reiser", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "eight", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [73, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the title of the sci fi pg film with robin shou that came out in the past ten decades", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "robin shou", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is your favorite pg 13 romance of the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is your favorite scary movie about evil", "entity": [{"entity": "evil", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [40, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is your favorite highly liked mystery from the past seven decades", "entity": [{"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "past seven decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kid movie about a fight that came out in the last eight decades and starred martin landau", "entity": [{"entity": "kid", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "fight", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "last eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 68]}, {"entity": "martin landau", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kid movie about man versus machine wad directed by robert pratten", "entity": [{"entity": "kid", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 8]}, {"entity": "man versus machine", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "robert pratten", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what liked by many people 1950 s war movie had paul champion as the director", "entity": [{"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "paul champion", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what mediocre movies was peter wingfield in", "entity": [{"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "peter wingfield", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what mockumentary about politics that was rated pg 13 received five stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "politics", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "five stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [63, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what month in 2010 did the most thriller movies come out", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie came out in the last four years and is about new york", "entity": [{"entity": "last four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 42]}, {"entity": "new york", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [56, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie could be classified as a mystery", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie did george lucas direct in the 1980 s that is a comedy and rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [59, 65]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie does kenneth branagh star in that was made in the 1940 s with a megacorporation plot that was liked by many", "entity": [{"entity": "kenneth branagh", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "1940 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "megacorporation", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [75, 90]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [105, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie from 1980 stars donnie walberg", "entity": [{"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "donnie walberg", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie has cicely tyson been in the past five years", "entity": [{"entity": "cicely tyson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "past five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [40, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie involved larry hagman in a galactic war in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "larry hagman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "galactic war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie is known as oliver stones best work", "entity": [{"entity": "oliver stones", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie is rated g that is based on a career starring luke perry in the last year", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "career", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "luke perry", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [57, 67]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie stared terry farrell as a cowboy in mexico", "entity": [{"entity": "terry farrell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [18, 31]}, {"entity": "cowboy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "mexico", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie starred susan lucci in the musical genre and had an average rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "susan lucci", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [81, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie stars albert finney and is a fantasy", "entity": [{"entity": "albert finney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies about a merit badge are directed by toshiyuki kubooka", "entity": [{"entity": "merit badge", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "toshiyuki kubooka", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies did steve mcqueen have a role in", "entity": [{"entity": "steve mcqueen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has david lean directed", "entity": [{"entity": "david lean", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has edward woodward been in", "entity": [{"entity": "edward woodward", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has fritz lang directed", "entity": [{"entity": "fritz lang", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [16, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies has phillip seymour hoffman been in", "entity": [{"entity": "phillip seymour hoffman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies have starred john malkovic in the past four years", "entity": [{"entity": "john malkovic", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies involving james marsters and the holocaust filed in 1950 were unrated", "entity": [{"entity": "james marsters", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "holocaust", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "1950", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [64, 68]}, {"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [74, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies is james cagney in", "entity": [{"entity": "james cagney", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies star rose mcgowan and are from the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "rose mcgowan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies star sarah brown that have good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "sarah brown", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies starring gabriel byrne in the last eight decades got mediocre ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "gabriel byrne", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "last eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "mediocre", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [65, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies that are about the city did martin gero direct", "entity": [{"entity": "city", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "martin gero", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [40, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies was david hyde pierce in", "entity": [{"entity": "david hyde pierce", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movies with danielle mccormack were highly recommended", "entity": [{"entity": "danielle mccormack", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 35]}, {"entity": "highly recommended", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what musicals with a pg rating have played in the past three decades", "entity": [{"entity": "musicals", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "past three decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [50, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what must see r rated horror movie was directed by john hillcoat", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 15]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "john hillcoat", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what must see battle movie with angelina jolie was given in r rating in 1980", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "battle", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "angelina jolie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [60, 61]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what mystery movie starred henry jaglom and is rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "henry jaglom", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [53, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what mystery starring jane seymour is about lies", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "jane seymour", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "lies", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nuclear war movies are rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "nuclear war", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pollution mockumentary in the last ten years was directed by stephan elliott and rated pg 13", "entity": [{"entity": "pollution", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "stephan elliott", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [92, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what prison movies have at least a seven star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "prison", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "seven star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what qualifies a movie to be in the musical genre", "entity": [{"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what qualifies a movie to be in the sci fi genre", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r action movie starring tracy scoggins was based on forbidden love in the 1950 s and got excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "tracy scoggins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "forbidden love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "1950 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r horror is there involving a shower murder", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "shower murder", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r mockumentary was jeremy brett in", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "jeremy brett", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r movie directed by edward zwick was based on the post world war one era", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "edward zwick", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "post world war one", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rated r movie has gary david goldberg directed about satire in the past seven years", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "gary david goldberg", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "satire", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "past seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rating is the film looney tunes robin hood daffy", "entity": [{"entity": "looney tunes robin hood daffy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what rating is the movie busting", "entity": [{"entity": "busting", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what really good family movie came out in the last three years", "entity": [{"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "last three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what recent action movies received seven stars and above", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "seven stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what scary movies about a mad scientist have been made in the last five decades", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "mad scientist", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "last five decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [62, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what scary movies have sylvain chomet directed", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "sylvain chomet", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what sci fi film is rated g starring john lithgow", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [26, 27]}, {"entity": "john lithgow", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what sci fi movie did carol burnette star in during the last decade", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "carol burnette", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 36]}, {"entity": "last decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what sci fi films received nine stars and above that were made in the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "nine stars and above", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [27, 47]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what science fiction film made within the past six years featured kate winslet and received four stars", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "past six years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 56]}, {"entity": "kate winslet", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "four stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what science fiction films did j randolph harrison direct from 1970", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "j randolph harrison", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 50]}, {"entity": "1970", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [63, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what science fiction movie of the past ten decades starred vincent gallo", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "past ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 50]}, {"entity": "vincent gallo", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what seven star rated 1970 s movie starred adrian paul and was about sports", "entity": [{"entity": "seven star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "adrian paul", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "sports", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [69, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what short films by bob gray received excellent ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "short", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "bob gray", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "excellent ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [38, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what spaghetti western was directed by randall cole based on a ranch with an average rating of nine", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 22]}, {"entity": "randall cole", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "ranch", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [95, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what sport did martin donovan play in for the past four decades", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "martin donovan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "past four decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what sport movie was released in 1990 that was directed by ian david diaz", "entity": [{"entity": "sport", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "ian david diaz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [59, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what the name of the very popular first love movie from lisa wolfinger in 2010", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "first love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "lisa wolfinger", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [56, 70]}, {"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [74, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what thriller did blaxwell smart direct that got very good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "blaxwell smart", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "very good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what thriller film did best at the box office in 2011", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what unrated film noir movie that was liked by many and came out in the last ten years and was directed by perce pearce", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "last ten years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 86]}, {"entity": "perce pearce", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [107, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what unrated movie came out in 2000 and stars james van der beek", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "james van der beek", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [46, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what unrated movies has lena horne acted in within the last six decades", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "lena horne", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "last six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what urban legend movies did martin barnewitz direct", "entity": [{"entity": "urban legend", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "martin barnewitz", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what warsaw poland movie directed by carl bessai received two thumbs up", "entity": [{"entity": "warsaw poland", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "carl bessai", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "two thumbs up", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [58, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was john wanyes most famous movie", "entity": [{"entity": "john wanyes", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was julie andrews first role", "entity": [{"entity": "julie andrews", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was planet of the vampires about", "entity": [{"entity": "planet of the vampires", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the woods have eyes rated", "entity": [{"entity": "the woods have eyes", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was a 1980 science fiction film with pam grier in it", "entity": [{"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "pam grier", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was a nc 17 rated documentary directed by michael spierig", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "michael spierig", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [47, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was a very popular science fiction movie that came out in the last nine years and was directed by rusty cundieff", "entity": [{"entity": "very popular", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "last nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [67, 82]}, {"entity": "rusty cundieff", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was an r rated crime movie directed by stephen cornwell during the past nine years that received nine stars", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [12, 13]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "stephen cornwell", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "past nine years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "nine stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [102, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was that pg musical with jack haley in it in the 1980 s", "entity": [{"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 16]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "jack haley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was that movie directed by yasushi muraki in the 1990 s that was rated pg 13 had a white castle and that people said was average", "entity": [{"entity": "yasushi muraki", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [54, 60]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "white castle", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [126, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was that movie that had a ratings average of four and rated nc 17 that came out in the last ten decades about a composer which luca guadagnino directed", "entity": [{"entity": "four", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 54]}, {"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "last ten decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [92, 108]}, {"entity": "composer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [117, 125]}, {"entity": "luca guadagnino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was that unrated spaghetti western with reese witherspoon that had a five star rating average and came out in the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "reese witherspoon", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [119, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the clark gable wall street portrait film that got eight stars in the year 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "clark gable", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "wall street", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "portrait", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [84, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the hoyt yeatman disney wildlife film that averaged seven out of ten", "entity": [{"entity": "hoyt yeatman", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "disney", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "wildlife", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "seven", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the nc 17 crime movie that antony szeto directed that got good ratings and was about missing people that came out in the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "antony szeto", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [67, 79]}, {"entity": "missing people", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the nc 17 film about everlasting love that morten willoch directed", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "everlasting love", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "morten willoch", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the average pg 13 movie about history that had howard stern in it", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "history", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "howard stern", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the best mystery film released in the last seven years", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "last seven years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the best spaghetti western that was made in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 35]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the first crime movie that marlon brando was in was it the godfather", "entity": [{"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "marlon brando", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last fantasy film that tim burton directed that was rated r", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "tim burton", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [49, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last film noir movie that came out", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last movie that ridley scott directed", "entity": [{"entity": "ridley scott", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the last science fiction movie that liam neeson was in", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "liam neeson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the main plot of doubt", "entity": [{"entity": "doubt", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the most highly rated movie during the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the most recent adventure film that featured akira kurosawa", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "akira kurosawa", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of that thriller film with kevin spacey brad pitt and morgan freeman", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "kevin spacey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the nc 17 kathrine windfeld movie about companionship that has a ratings average of nine", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "kathrine windfeld", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "companionship", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "nine", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [105, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the r rated documentary that was received well and starred angelina jolie", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [25, 26]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [33, 44]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "angelina jolie", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [80, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of the movie that martin scorsese directed that was about crime was rated pg 13 and received ten stars", "entity": [{"entity": "martin scorsese", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [92, 97]}, {"entity": "ten stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [111, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the rated r crime movie that was released in the past four years and that also got rated well", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [13, 14]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [58, 73]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [92, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the title of that 1980 s r rated crime drama with james marsden which some critics called average", "entity": [{"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [34, 35]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [42, 47]}, {"entity": "james marsden", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [99, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the title of the 1970 s r rated comedy nicole holofcener played in", "entity": [{"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [33, 34]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "nicole holofcener", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what watchable rated g animation did richard robinson direct last year", "entity": [{"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [21, 22]}, {"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [23, 32]}, {"entity": "richard robinson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what westerns did roman polanski direct", "entity": [{"entity": "westerns", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "roman polanski", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what would be a disaster film starrring paul newman from the decade of the 1960 s", "entity": [{"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "paul newman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what would be a science fiction film with a rating of really good", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did the lizzie mcguire movie come out", "entity": [{"entity": "the lizzie mcguire movie", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did ip man come out", "entity": [{"entity": "ip man", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did like minds come out", "entity": [{"entity": "like minds", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did we are what we are come out", "entity": [{"entity": "we are what we are", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did young sherlock holmes come out", "entity": [{"entity": "young sherlock holmes", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year did the movie die come out", "entity": [{"entity": "die", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was mrs doubtfire released", "entity": [{"entity": "mrs doubtfire", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what year was northwest hounded police film was released", "entity": [{"entity": "northwest hounded police", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [14, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats fright night about", "entity": [{"entity": "fright night", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [6, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a pg 13 movie about a pianist and starring katherine kelly that got seven stars", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "pianist", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "katherine kelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [49, 64]}, {"entity": "seven stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [74, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good funny movie", "entity": [{"entity": "funny", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good sci fi movie about lightsabers", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "lightsabers", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a nine star reviewed movie from last year that features chris tucker", "entity": [{"entity": "nine star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "last year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "chris tucker", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [62, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an animation from 1980 that is at least watchable and is directed by todd tucker", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "1980", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "watchable", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "todd tucker", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [75, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an average tyler christopher movie", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "tyler christopher", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the animated unconventional romance movie set in 1960 with calista flockhart", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "unconventional romance", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [19, 41]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "calista flockhart", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [65, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the name of a scary movie with michael dudikoff in it", "entity": [{"entity": "scary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "michael dudikoff", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the name of the nc 17 romance movie directed by lev l spiro that came out this year", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "romance", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "lev l spiro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "this year", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [80, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the science fiction movie in 1990 that was rated r averaged really good ratings directed by brett ratner", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "1990", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [49, 50]}, {"entity": "really good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [66, 77]}, {"entity": "brett ratner", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [98, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good drama that is well rated", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good thriller directed by quentin tarantino", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "quentin tarantino", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good thriller", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did alpha and omega come out", "entity": [{"entity": "alpha and omega", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did gallants come out", "entity": [{"entity": "gallants", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the darwin awards come out", "entity": [{"entity": "the darwin awards", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the wiz come out", "entity": [{"entity": "the wiz", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did war gods of the deep come out", "entity": [{"entity": "war gods of the deep", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the reflecting skin come out", "entity": [{"entity": "the reflecting skin", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [9, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did the movie titled b girl come out", "entity": [{"entity": "b girl", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when did you see that must see biography about the king", "entity": [{"entity": "must see", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when is a good romantic comedy based on a book coming out", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when was the movie sculpture released", "entity": [{"entity": "sculpture", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when was the movie stake land made", "entity": [{"entity": "stake land", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find last of the dogmen", "entity": [{"entity": "last of the dogmen", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a biography on raymond massey", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "raymond massey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a nc 17 thriller from the 1970 s", "entity": [{"entity": "nc 17", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "1970 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a biography containing people famous in the 1990 s", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "1990 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a fantasy movie that takes place in a forest", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "forest", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the movie boy", "entity": [{"entity": "boy", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the movie mrs miracle to purchase", "entity": [{"entity": "mrs miracle", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the movie squanto a warriors tale", "entity": [{"entity": "squanto a warriors tale", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [27, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i rent satellite in the sky", "entity": [{"entity": "satellite in the sky", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i watch big deal on madonna street subbed", "entity": [{"entity": "big deal on madonna street subbed", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i find the movie prey for rock and roll", "entity": [{"entity": "prey for rock and roll", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best place to buy the virginity hit", "entity": [{"entity": "the virginity hit", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the film hurricane season available to purchase", "entity": [{"entity": "hurricane season", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the movie hachiko a dogs story set", "entity": [{"entity": "hachiko a dogs story", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [19, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where there any derek jacobi fantasy movies made in the last eight decades", "entity": [{"entity": "derek jacobi", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "last eight decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where was the shining filmed", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [10, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which luke greenfield documentary made in 1940 received eight stars", "entity": [{"entity": "luke greenfield", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [6, 21]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "1940", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "eight stars", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which r rated family movie starring jerry obach was released within the past eight years", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "jerry obach", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "past eight years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which animation film stars dustin diamond", "entity": [{"entity": "animation", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "dustin diamond", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which biography about a classical composer featuring deforest kelly received an eight star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "biography", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "classical composer", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [24, 42]}, {"entity": "deforest kelly", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "eight star", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [80, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which documentary did wayne wang direct", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "wayne wang", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which documentary received a rating of six", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "six", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which drama movie released in the past decade starred phil hartman", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "phil hartman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which horror films portray power struggles", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "power", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which horror movie about a dead child starring paul rudd was rated well and released within the last two decades", "entity": [{"entity": "horror", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "dead child", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "paul rudd", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "rated well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [61, 71]}, {"entity": "last two decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [96, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie had good ratings from the last five years that was a mockumentary directed by joseph graham", "entity": [{"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "last five years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [65, 77]}, {"entity": "joseph graham", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [90, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which unrated documentary starring jason priestley was rated as all right", "entity": [{"entity": "unrated", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "jason priestley", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [64, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which western directed by wes anderson was liked by many people and involved indians", "entity": [{"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "wes anderson", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "liked by many", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "indians", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [77, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who are the actors in the movie couples retreat", "entity": [{"entity": "couples retreat", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed all star superman", "entity": [{"entity": "all star superman", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed but im a cheerleader", "entity": [{"entity": "but im a cheerleader", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed crimson rivers 2 angels of the apocalypse", "entity": [{"entity": "crimson rivers 2 angels of the apocalypse", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed heat wave", "entity": [{"entity": "heat wave", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed pt raiders", "entity": [{"entity": "pt raiders", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed snakes on a plane", "entity": [{"entity": "snakes on a plane", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the back up plan", "entity": [{"entity": "the back up plan", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the departed", "entity": [{"entity": "the departed", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed wound", "entity": [{"entity": "wound", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed a movie called panic at rock island", "entity": [{"entity": "panic at rock island", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the r rated bette davis film that came out in 1960", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "bette davis", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "1960", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [59, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is in the movie spanglish", "entity": [{"entity": "spanglish", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the director of bigger stronger faster", "entity": [{"entity": "bigger stronger faster", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the director of war of resistance", "entity": [{"entity": "war of resistance", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the lead actor in the movie stranger in our house", "entity": [{"entity": "stranger in our house", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the main character in the movie tenshi no tamago", "entity": [{"entity": "tenshi no tamago", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the main star in demolition man", "entity": [{"entity": "demolition man", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who is the movie father of invention", "entity": [{"entity": "father of invention", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in tarzan the ape man", "entity": [{"entity": "tarzan the ape man", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in a thin line between love and hate", "entity": [{"entity": "a thin line between love and hate", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in blue collar", "entity": [{"entity": "blue collar", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in bridesmaids", "entity": [{"entity": "bridesmaids", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in dance of the dragon", "entity": [{"entity": "dance of the dragon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in flightplan", "entity": [{"entity": "flightplan", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in little go beep", "entity": [{"entity": "little go beep", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in monty python and the holy grail", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python and the holy grail", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [15, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the movie dirty love", "entity": [{"entity": "dirty love", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the movie the willies", "entity": [{"entity": "the willies", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who starred in the movie the luck of the irish", "entity": [{"entity": "the luck of the irish", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [25, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in beatdown", "entity": [{"entity": "beatdown", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in beverly hills cop", "entity": [{"entity": "beverly hills cop", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in boogeyman 2", "entity": [{"entity": "boogeyman 2", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in easy rider", "entity": [{"entity": "easy rider", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in the conspirator", "entity": [{"entity": "the conspirator", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in the gods must be crazy ii", "entity": [{"entity": "the gods must be crazy ii", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in west is west", "entity": [{"entity": "west is west", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in world for ransom", "entity": [{"entity": "world for ransom", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who stars in the movie becoming jesse tate", "entity": [{"entity": "becoming jesse tate", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was in child of darkness child of light", "entity": [{"entity": "child of darkness child of light", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [11, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who was the main character in the movie the hills have eyes", "entity": [{"entity": "the hills have eyes", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [40, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who wrote and directed head above water", "entity": [{"entity": "head above water", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "would you be able to find me a pg 13 movie from the 1980 s starring lara fabian", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "1980 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "lara fabian", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [68, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "would you be able to help me find the cheetah girls 2 movie", "entity": [{"entity": "the cheetah girls 2", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "would you be able to show me where i can find a drama starring keri russell", "entity": [{"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "keri russell", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [63, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did charles haid have a war movie in the last three years", "entity": [{"entity": "charles haid", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "last three years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did christian bale star in a science fiction in the past four years", "entity": [{"entity": "christian bale", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "past four years", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [52, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did christopher nolan direct a pg 13 disaster film", "entity": [{"entity": "christopher nolan", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "disaster", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did sofia coppola direct a rated r biographical", "entity": [{"entity": "sofia coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [20, 21]}, {"entity": "biographical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did steven soderbergh direct a film noir movie", "entity": [{"entity": "steven soderbergh", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [4, 21]}, {"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "did the shining scare charlize theron when she was a kid", "entity": [{"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "charlize theron", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [22, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know any good spaghetti western movies about horse drawn carraiges", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "horse drawn carraiges", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [52, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does meryl streep star in a western", "entity": [{"entity": "meryl streep", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "western", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find highly rated pg 13 science fiction movie from past six decades", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "past six decades", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [51, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is anthony hopkins in a musical", "entity": [{"entity": "anthony hopkins", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 18]}, {"entity": "musical", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is clark gable in a romantic comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "clark gable", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "romantic comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is francis ford coppola the director for the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "francis ford coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [41, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is katharine hepburn in the shining", "entity": [{"entity": "katharine hepburn", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "the shining", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is wall e a good movie", "entity": [{"entity": "wall e", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [3, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a a film noir movie with ridley scott from the 2000 s", "entity": [{"entity": "film noir", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "ridley scott", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "2000 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [56, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good g rated john hughes comedy", "entity": [{"entity": "g", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [11, 12]}, {"entity": "john hughes", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [36, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good christian bale adventure movie", "entity": [{"entity": "christian bale", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list animated pg 13 rated movie starring sean connery", "entity": [{"entity": "animated", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "sean connery", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list isolation adventure movies that are critically acclaimed and directed by jack sholder in the past decade", "entity": [{"entity": "isolation", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "critically acclaimed", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [41, 61]}, {"entity": "jack sholder", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "past decade", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [98, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list movies named grave encounters", "entity": [{"entity": "grave encounters", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some films starring hugh jackman", "entity": [{"entity": "hugh jackman", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some mockumentary movies", "entity": [{"entity": "mockumentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list some war movies with nazi", "entity": [{"entity": "war", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 13]}, {"entity": "nazi", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list well rated mystery movies from the year 2000", "entity": [{"entity": "well rated", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a action movie with a shootout rated pg", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "shootout", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [42, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a comedy from francois truffaut", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "francois truffaut", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [19, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a fantasy film with sandra bullock", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "sandra bullock", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a mystery by orson welles", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a mystery starring kevin spacey", "entity": [{"entity": "mystery", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "kevin spacey", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [24, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a sci fi about a human", "entity": [{"entity": "sci fi", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "human", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a science fiction with artificial intelligence from the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "science fiction", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 22]}, {"entity": "artificial intelligence", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [28, 51]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [61, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name a teen movie with steve mcqueen that was received well", "entity": [{"entity": "teen", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "steve mcqueen", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "received well", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name an adventure movie directed by francis ford coppola", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "francis ford coppola", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [36, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name some guillermo del toro action movies", "entity": [{"entity": "guillermo del toro", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name some john huston films about children", "entity": [{"entity": "john huston", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "children", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name some movies starring robert redford", "entity": [{"entity": "robert redford", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "was mel gibson in inception", "entity": [{"entity": "mel gibson", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "inception", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what r rated movies with john cusak got all right ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [5, 6]}, {"entity": "john cusak", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "all right", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a fantasy rated pg starring christian bale", "entity": [{"entity": "fantasy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "pg", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "christian bale", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a good pg 13 drama with andrew keegan in the 2010 s", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "drama", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "andrew keegan", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [32, 45]}, {"entity": "2010 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [53, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie can be called a thriller", "entity": [{"entity": "thriller", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what police movie is there that you would recommend where somebody is kidnapped", "entity": [{"entity": "police", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "kidnapped", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a pg 13 crime movie by orson welles", "entity": [{"entity": "pg 13", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "crime", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "orson welles", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a comedy directed by david fincher that was highly liked", "entity": [{"entity": "comedy", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "david fincher", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "highly liked", "entity_type": "average ratings", "pos": [50, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a documentary about youth identity", "entity": [{"entity": "documentary", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "youth identity", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good action film about on the run", "entity": [{"entity": "action", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "on the run", "entity_type": "plot", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who directed the r rated film made in the year 2000 that starred helen barkin", "entity": [{"entity": "r", "entity_type": "rating", "pos": [6, 7]}, {"entity": "2000", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "helen barkin", "entity_type": "actor", "pos": [65, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to get the details of the movie purple rain on imdb com", "entity": [{"entity": "details", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "purple rain", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show blogs regarding evita", "entity": [{"entity": "blogs", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "evita", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you please show me a website with reviews of indiana jones", "entity": [{"entity": "reviews", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "indiana jones", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [51, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you send me to a website with user reviews of willy wonka the chocolate factory", "entity": [{"entity": "reviews", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "willy wonka the chocolate factory", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [52, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what do you think the best part of a hard day s night was", "entity": [{"entity": "think", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "a hard day s night", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can u please show me the trailer of kiss me kate", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "kiss me kate", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i see the trailer for kiss me kate", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "kiss me kate", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please show me some of indiana s major scenes in the movie", "entity": [{"entity": "scenes", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i see some short clips of a hard day s night", "entity": [{"entity": "clips", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "a hard day s night", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what was the name of that 1997 movie that had a character named dr evil in it", "entity": [{"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "dr evil", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [64, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which is the film in which a major role was done by dr evil released in 1997", "entity": [{"entity": "dr evil", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "1997", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the movie directed by george lucas which casts darth vader and yoda in it", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "darth vader", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "yoda", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [71, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is that george lucas movie with yoda and darth vader", "entity": [{"entity": "george lucas", "entity_type": "director", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "yoda", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "darth vader", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which movie of 2010 had buzz lightyear and mr potato head in it", "entity": [{"entity": "2010", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "buzz lightyear", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "mr potato head", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what 1960 s movie had that song my favourite things in it", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "my favourite things", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is that movie from the 60 s that had the song my favorite things in it", "entity": [{"entity": "60 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "my favorite things", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "there is a 1960 s movie where the song my favorite things is sung", "entity": [{"entity": "1960 s", "entity_type": "year", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "my favorite things", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what movie did the song come what may play in", "entity": [{"entity": "come what may", "entity_type": "song", "pos": [24, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "american beauty", "entity": [{"entity": "american beauty", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "crouching tiger , hidden dragon", "entity": [{"entity": "crouching tiger , hidden dragon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "million dollar baby", "entity": [{"entity": "million dollar baby", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "life of oharu", "entity": [{"entity": "life of oharu", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the leopard", "entity": [{"entity": "the leopard", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "empire strikes back", "entity": [{"entity": "empire strikes back", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "snow white and the seven dwarfs", "entity": [{"entity": "snow white and the seven dwarfs", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "monty python and the holy grail", "entity": [{"entity": "monty python and the holy grail", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the graduate", "entity": [{"entity": "the graduate", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "blow up", "entity": [{"entity": "blow up", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "american graffiti", "entity": [{"entity": "american graffiti", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "oliver twist", "entity": [{"entity": "oliver twist", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lord of the rings the fellowship of the rings", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings the fellowship of the rings", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sunset boulevard", "entity": [{"entity": "sunset boulevard", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "sansho the bailiff", "entity": [{"entity": "sansho the bailiff", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pulp fiction", "entity": [{"entity": "pulp fiction", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lord of the rings the return of the king", "entity": [{"entity": "lord of the rings the return of the king", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "broken blossoms", "entity": [{"entity": "broken blossoms", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wizard of oz", "entity": [{"entity": "wizard of oz", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "freaks", "entity": [{"entity": "freaks", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the children of paradise", "entity": [{"entity": "the children of paradise", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "city of god", "entity": [{"entity": "city of god", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "finding nemo", "entity": [{"entity": "finding nemo", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "duck soup", "entity": [{"entity": "duck soup", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [0, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play the trailer", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play trailer of on stranger tides", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "on stranger tides", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [16, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play the trailer of dark of the moon", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "dark of the moon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play trailer dark of the moon", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "dark of the moon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "play the trailer dark of the moon", "entity": [{"entity": "trailer", "entity_type": "trailer", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "dark of the moon", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the good thief review", "entity": [{"entity": "the good thief", "entity_type": "title", "pos": [8, 22]}, {"entity": "review", "entity_type": "review", "pos": [23, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any james bond movies", "entity": [{"entity": "james bond", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [4, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me some adventure movies with indiana jones", "entity": [{"entity": "adventure", "entity_type": "genre", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "indiana jones", "entity_type": "character", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/train.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/train.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f65b9e752baeb623dc2be9c7acc810e91990e8a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-movie/train.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:05be0336f90c45008f9c47fd2325c1740d43bf4fa6ce7979907d23922aed5076
+size 2348822
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/.DS_Store b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/.DS_Store
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5008ddfcf53c02e82d7eee2e57c38e5672ef89f6
Binary files /dev/null and b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/.DS_Store differ
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd1c226ca7ae23deffb7998445ef3ffab407b809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+["Rating", "Location", "Amenity", "Cuisine", "Hours", "Price", "Dish", "Restaurant Name"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/test.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5bf4a788e658d0f02f6dc8f23cd7ce533a72384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1520 @@
+{"text": "a four star restaurant with a bar", "entity": [{"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [2, 11]}, {"entity": "with a", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any asian cuisine around", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any bbq places open before 5 nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "bbq", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "open before 5", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any dancing establishments with reasonable pricing", "entity": [{"entity": "dancing establishments", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good cheap german restaurants nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "german", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good ice cream parlors around", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "ice cream parlors", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 26]}, {"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good place to get a pie at an affordable price", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "pie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any good vegan spots nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any mexican places have a tameles special today", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "tameles", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "special today", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any place along the road has a good beer selection that also serves ribs", "entity": [{"entity": "along the road", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 40]}, {"entity": "ribs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [68, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any places around here that has a nice view", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "nice view", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any reasonably priced indian restaurants in the theater district", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "in the theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any restaurants open right now", "entity": [{"entity": "open right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [16, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any restaurants that still allow smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "any stores around where i could buy a pasta dish where the prices are not too high", "entity": [{"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "pasta", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "prices are not too high", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [59, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "anything on the avenue", "entity": [{"entity": "avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "anything open after midnight with reasonable prices", "entity": [{"entity": "open after midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [9, 28]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are children allowed in this particular sitting area", "entity": [{"entity": "children", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "sitting area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are reservations available for four people for 8 pm tonight at 112 eatery", "entity": [{"entity": "112 eatery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [63, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are the portion at le bec fin large or very small", "entity": [{"entity": "le bec fin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any 24 hour breakfast places nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "24 hour", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any 50s style diners in glendale", "entity": [{"entity": "50s style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "diners", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "glendale", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any authentic mexican restaurants in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "authentic mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any bars nearby that serve food like italian or french", "entity": [{"entity": "bars", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any brewpubs downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "brewpubs", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any cafeterias near", "entity": [{"entity": "cafeterias", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any charlestown restaurants open very early for lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "charlestown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "open very early", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 53]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any chick fil as in the city open on sunday", "entity": [{"entity": "chick fil as", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "in the city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "sunday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [47, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any chicken wing places nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken wing", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any child friendly restaurants within ten miles", "entity": [{"entity": "child friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "within ten miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any chinese restaurants near cheyenne", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "near cheyenne", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any crab restaurants near here that are open late until 2 a m", "entity": [{"entity": "crab", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "open late until 2 a m", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [50, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any dining specials at le bec fin", "entity": [{"entity": "specials", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "le bec fin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any donut and donuts within 5 minutes drive that has an extensive beer menu", "entity": [{"entity": "donut and donuts", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "within 5 minutes drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 53]}, {"entity": "extensive beer menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any eatery at the hotel downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "hotel downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any exciting joints along the way thats reasonably priced", "entity": [{"entity": "exciting", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "along the way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 43]}, {"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any fancy cambodian places on seaver street", "entity": [{"entity": "fancy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "cambodian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "seaver street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any fast food joints east of here", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "east of here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any fast food restaurants that are kid friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any fine dining options within 5 miles of my location", "entity": [{"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any five star restaurants around here", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any four star restaurants in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any fun restaurants serving brisket in town", "entity": [{"entity": "fun", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "brisket", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any good family style restaurants around boston", "entity": [{"entity": "family style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "around boston", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any good soul food restaurants near by", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "soul", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any greek restaurants in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "greek", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any greek restaurants in the theater district of the back bay", "entity": [{"entity": "greek", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "back bay", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any hamburger restaurants close by", "entity": [{"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any hotels nearby that have private rooms available at 1 am", "entity": [{"entity": "1", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [65, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any ice cream shops in my neighborhood that are open right now", "entity": [{"entity": "ice cream", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "in my neighborhood", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 48]}, {"entity": "open right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [58, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any indian restaurants on long island", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "long island", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any italian eateries nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any japanese restaurants in town that do discounts for bulk orders of sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "discounts for bulk orders", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 76]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [80, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any jazz clubs that serve food", "entity": [{"entity": "jazz clubs", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any kid friendly restaurants close by", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any kid friendly restaurants with valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any locally owned franchises that give money to charity", "entity": [{"entity": "locally owned", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "give money to charity", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any maid cafe in town", "entity": [{"entity": "maid cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any mcdonalds that i can drive too in 3 minutes", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "in 3 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any mid priced restaurants within 5 miles that offer curb side pickup", "entity": [{"entity": "mid", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "offer curb side pickup", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [57, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any nationally known chefs with restaurants in this city", "entity": [{"entity": "nationally known", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 30]}, {"entity": "in this city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any new restaurants nearby that i can try", "entity": [{"entity": "new", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any nice taco places nearby open for breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "taco", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "open for breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any place close by that is open 24 hours", "entity": [{"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "open 24 hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places around here that has tomato sauce based dishes", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "tomato sauce based dishes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [42, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places left that allow smoking in a restaraunt", "entity": [{"entity": "allow smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places near by that sell hamburgers and pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "hamburgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places near by that serve lunch all day", "entity": [{"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "lunch all day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places to eat in the area that offer a two for one special", "entity": [{"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "two for one special", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any places with a notable beer list on white st", "entity": [{"entity": "notable", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "beer list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "white st", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any reasonably priced restaurants on east haverhill street that serve cheese", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "east haverhill street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 68]}, {"entity": "cheese", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [80, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurant nearby that serve thai food", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants around with a smoking area", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants for diabetics that serve sugar free desserts", "entity": [{"entity": "sugar free desserts", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [51, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants nearby that have great reviews and plenty of parking", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "great reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "plenty of parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [61, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants nearby that have outdoor dining", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "outdoor dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants on kilmarnock street that feature large portions and a brewpub", "entity": [{"entity": "kilmarnock street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 46]}, {"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 74]}, {"entity": "brewpub", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants on the way that serve hamburgers and are open after 1 am", "entity": [{"entity": "way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 36]}, {"entity": "hamburgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "open after 1 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants on the way to my destination that have a fireplace inside", "entity": [{"entity": "way to my destination", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 54]}, {"entity": "fireplace inside", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [67, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants on this side of the river", "entity": [{"entity": "this side of the river", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants open after 2 am", "entity": [{"entity": "open after 2 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants that are open 24 hours", "entity": [{"entity": "24 hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants that serve raw and organic food nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "raw and organic", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [37, 52]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [58, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants that will let me take my dog in with me", "entity": [{"entity": "take my dog in with me", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants with happy hour in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 41]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants with valet parking and a multilingual staff near here", "entity": [{"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "multilingual staff", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [70, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any restaurants within 5 miles that accept travelers checks", "entity": [{"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 40]}, {"entity": "accept travelers checks", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any rib joints nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "rib joints", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any seafood restaurants near government center where i can make online reservations", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "near government center", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 56]}, {"entity": "online reservations", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [74, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any spanish restaurants that are cheap", "entity": [{"entity": "spanish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any steak houses within 3 miles of me", "entity": [{"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "within 3 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any sub sandwich shops that also serve beer", "entity": [{"entity": "sub sandwich", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any sushi restaurants near colonel bell drive", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "near colonel bell drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any tapas restaurants with good reviews nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "tapas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "good reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any turkish restaurants in florida", "entity": [{"entity": "turkish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "florida", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any vegan spots that are open after 11 at night", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan spots", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "open after 11 at night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [35, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any vegetarian restaurants in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "in this town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any vegetarian restaurants that allow you to order online ahead of time", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "order online ahead of time", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [55, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there any vietnamese restaurants nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "vietnamese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there are any cracker barrells on long island", "entity": [{"entity": "cracker barrells", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 34]}, {"entity": "long island", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "are there reservations still available for bar la grassa for 2 tomorrow at 7 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "bar la grassa", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "tomorrow at 7 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [63, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "areas that allow smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "allow smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "asian cuisine in my zip code", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "in my zip code", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "at which french restaurant can i dine outdoors", "entity": [{"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "dine outdoors", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "beer and hot wings in town", "entity": [{"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "hot wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "best chinese food in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "borscht", "entity": [{"entity": "borscht", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "bradford lantern cafe directions", "entity": [{"entity": "bradford lantern cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "brasil cuisine near me", "entity": [{"entity": "brasil", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "burgers", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cafes on ashlannd street", "entity": [{"entity": "cafes", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "ashlannd street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "call cheeseboard in berkeley for me", "entity": [{"entity": "cheeseboard", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "berkeley", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "call chinese", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "call dominos", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "call the closest korean restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "korean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i bring my kid to any of the restaurants down town that have bars attached", "entity": [{"entity": "my kid", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "down town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "bars attached", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [65, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i bring my pet iguana to the japanese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "pet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i dine at the barat a nossa casa", "entity": [{"entity": "barat a nossa casa", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i find a bar and grill within short walking distance of the shopping district", "entity": [{"entity": "bar and grill", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "short walking distance of the shopping district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i find a good chinese buffet within 3 miles from me", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "within 3 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i find any restaurants close by with a meal under 8", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "meal under 8", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [43, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i find good portugues", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "portugues", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get a chefands table on north bedford street very late at night", "entity": [{"entity": "chefands table", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "north bedford street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 50]}, {"entity": "very late at night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get a list of close fast food places", "entity": [{"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get gluten free pizza within 10 miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "gluten free pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [10, 27]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles of here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get hambers at lone star", "entity": [{"entity": "hambers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "lone star", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get raw vegan food in honolulu", "entity": [{"entity": "raw vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "honolulu", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i get sushi on a prix fixe menu with reasonable prices", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "prix fixe menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i have the phone number for kfc in los angeles ca", "entity": [{"entity": "kfc", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 35]}, {"entity": "los angeles ca", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i see hamburger restaurants nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i valet park at the blue coyote grill", "entity": [{"entity": "valet park", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [6, 16]}, {"entity": "blue coyote grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [24, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can i wear shorts", "entity": [{"entity": "wear shorts", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [6, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a bar that serves tapas and takes reservations for happy hour", "entity": [{"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "tapas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [64, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a burger joint with a smoking section", "entity": [{"entity": "burger joint", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a cheap vietnamese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "vietnamese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a highly rated long john silvers open this late", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "long john silvers", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 45]}, {"entity": "open this late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a middle eastern place with great prices", "entity": [{"entity": "middle eastern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 29]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a pizza place with a buffet within 15 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "within 15 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a pub downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "pub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a restaurant that serves bean soup in the morning and isnt too expensive", "entity": [{"entity": "bean soup", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "morning", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [55, 62]}, {"entity": "isnt too expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [67, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a restaurant that serves duck that not cheap near here", "entity": [{"entity": "duck", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "not cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [48, 57]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [58, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a restaurant under 20 per dish", "entity": [{"entity": "under 20 per dish", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [26, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a seafood restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a site where i can see reviews on restaurant downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a steak house that serves wine", "entity": [{"entity": "steak house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "wine", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find a thai japanese fusion restaurant in town", "entity": [{"entity": "thai japanese fusion", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 35]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find an italian restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find an italian restaurant that serves brunch on sunday", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "brunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "sunday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [57, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find an italian restaurant where i can wear casual atire", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "casual atire", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find east dedham pizzeria that have a dine at bar location", "entity": [{"entity": "east", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "dedham", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "pizzeria", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find latin american cuisine within a hotel along the way", "entity": [{"entity": "latin american", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 27]}, {"entity": "within a hotel along the way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a burmese restaurant with a parking spot", "entity": [{"entity": "burmese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "parking spot", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a fredas thats not too busy", "entity": [{"entity": "fredas", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "not too busy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a good place to eat chowder", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "chowder", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a kid friendly seafood restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [31, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a kid friendly sushi restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 30]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a moderately priced italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "moderately", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a nice italian restaurant that takes reservations", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a not cheap lunch spot that serves pasteur", "entity": [{"entity": "not cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "pasteur", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a pizza place", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a pizzeria that delivers after midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "pizzeria", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "after midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a place nearby thats open after 12 pm with bean dishes", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "after 12 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [42, 53]}, {"entity": "bean dishes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [59, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a place that serves french fries", "entity": [{"entity": "french fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a restaurant that has a bar in it", "entity": [{"entity": "bar in it", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a restaurant that has entrees priced between 15 and 20 dollars", "entity": [{"entity": "between 15 and 20 dollars", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me a thai restaurant that is caual", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "caual", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me chinese restaurant with a smoking section", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me hotel dining with comfort food", "entity": [{"entity": "hotel dining", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "comfort food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me some malaysian food late at night", "entity": [{"entity": "malaysian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "late at night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find me some take out ribs", "entity": [{"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "ribs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find out if the best little restaurant has dancing and a good looking atmosphere", "entity": [{"entity": "best little restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "good looking atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [65, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find starting gate restaurant thats hard to find with a huge price", "entity": [{"entity": "starting gate restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 37]}, {"entity": "huge", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [64, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find the closest ihop", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "ihop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find the nearest health food store and bar", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "health food store", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 42]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find the waterfront restaurant albertos deli of course thats open until 11 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "waterfront", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "albertos deli", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "open until 11 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [69, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you find us an ice cream shop near haight street", "entity": [{"entity": "ice cream", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "near haight street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you get me a list of chinese food places in great neck ny", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "great neck ny", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you get pork in chinatown", "entity": [{"entity": "pork", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "chinatown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you give me the name of the restaurant on green st", "entity": [{"entity": "name", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "green st", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [46, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you give me the phone number for the nearest mexican restaurant that is both affordable and has good quality food", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "good quality", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [100, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a fancy restaurant with 5 star ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "fancy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "5 star ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a high end restaurant where i can have lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "high end", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a korean restaurant that is close by", "entity": [{"entity": "korean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a reasonably priced harvard chinese restaurant that lets you byob", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "harvard", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [49, 56]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [82, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a restaurant that has fast service and is open before 11 am", "entity": [{"entity": "fast service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 55]}, {"entity": "open before 11 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [63, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find a tong villa that serves small portions", "entity": [{"entity": "tong villa", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "small portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me find inexpensive dining within a five mile radius of my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 32]}, {"entity": "within a five mile radius", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you help me get to a restaurant where i can get lunch for under 10", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "under 10", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [62, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you locate a 4 star or higher restaurant that serves italian food", "entity": [{"entity": "4 star or higher", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you locate a chinese buffet for under 12 within a five minute drive", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "under 12", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "within a five minute drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you locate a diner that has a smoking section in this area", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "this area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you locate a restaurant that sell burgers after 12 00 am", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "12 00 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you locate the business hours for a restaurant that serves brunch", "entity": [{"entity": "brunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make a reservation at pf changs for tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "pf changs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make me a reservation at the cheapest restaurant with valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [62, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make me a reservation at the most expensive restaurant within 15 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "most expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "within 15 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [63, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make me a reservation for 4 at the nearest upscale steakhouse", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "upscale", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "steakhouse", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make me a reservation for todai for thursday for two people", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "todai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "thursday", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [44, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you make reservations for two at heartland restaurant for tonight at 7 30", "entity": [{"entity": "heartland restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [37, 57]}, {"entity": "tonight at 7 30", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you order me a pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you please direct me to the nearest chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you please find the olive garden restaurant in manhattan", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "in manhattan", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you search for the most expensive restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "most expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you take me to a pizza place", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you take me to roosevelts restaurant and sin in framingham", "entity": [{"entity": "roosevelts restaurant and sin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 48]}, {"entity": "framingham", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me what italian restaurants north of heat rd in fairfax", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "north of heat rd in fairfax", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me where an affordable burmese place is", "entity": [{"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "burmese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me where the closest taco bell is", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me where the nearest sushi restaurant is", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me where the nearest wendys is", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "wendys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "can you tell me where to get some cheap vegetarian food", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "car look for upscale restaurants downtown and make reservations at the best reviewed", "entity": [{"entity": "upscale", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 41]}, {"entity": "best reviewed", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [71, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cheap place close to home", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "close to home", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "chinese food sounds good help me out with a good place", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "closest sushi bar in town", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "cocktails and dancing", "entity": [{"entity": "cocktails", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you find a restaurant which plays live music", "entity": [{"entity": "plays live music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you find me a place thats open every day", "entity": [{"entity": "open every day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you find me some restaurants located along the way to the airport that are open late", "entity": [{"entity": "along the way to the airport", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 71]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you help me locate a place for lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you locate an italian restaurant around four miles away with pesto pasta", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "four miles away", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [46, 61]}, {"entity": "pesto pasta", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [67, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you locate the closest seafood restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "could you make a reservation for me at a nice italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "create directions to closest chinese restaurtant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "danny cooks home made dinners", "entity": [{"entity": "danny cooks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "home made", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "dinners", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "diner", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "diner locations", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 5]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dining along the waterfront restaurant is located on sutton street", "entity": [{"entity": "dining", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "along the", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "waterfront", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "sutton street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "direct me to a donut shop please", "entity": [{"entity": "donut", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "direct me to the nearest indian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "direct me to the nearest mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "direct me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any famous people frequent the jimmys pizza too that is close by", "entity": [{"entity": "famous people", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "jimmys pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 46]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any fast food restaurants accept out of town checks", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "out of town checks", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the asian food restaurants use only organic meats and vegetables", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "organic meats and vegetables", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [46, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the authentic italian restaurants sell bottles of imported extra virgin olive oil", "entity": [{"entity": "authentic italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "sell bottles of imported extra virgin olive oil", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the chinese restaurants in town do take out after midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "take out after midnight", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the family restaurants down town serve strawberry milk", "entity": [{"entity": "family", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "down town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "strawberry milk", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the italian restaurants around here offer an all you can eat buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 45]}, {"entity": "all you can eat buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the middle eastern restaurants close by 7 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "middle eastern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "close by 7 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [41, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any of the restaurants in this town also have a dance floor and live music", "entity": [{"entity": "dance floor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 62]}, {"entity": "live music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [67, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any restaurants nearby offer a few gluten free options", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "gluten free options", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do any restaurants serve loaves of patitza around christmas time", "entity": [{"entity": "loaves of patitza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [25, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do fast food restaurants accept checks in baltimore", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "accept checks", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "baltimore", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do i need a reservation for kings", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "kings", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do know any place around here to take clients", "entity": [{"entity": "place around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 29]}, {"entity": "take clients", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do they have a smoking area", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do they have any restaurants in the mall", "entity": [{"entity": "in the mall", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any good food recommendations", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have any suggestions for some great tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have information about any deals they may have", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you have to make a reservation to go to peachtree cafe", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "peachtree cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know any good pizza places open until midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "open until midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [34, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if elmos have a dress code", "entity": [{"entity": "elmos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if i can find fine dining in the theater district", "entity": [{"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "in the theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if reggianos serve breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "reggianos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if the burrito place is open this late", "entity": [{"entity": "burrito", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "open this late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if the purple cactus burrito and wrap bar ongreentree lane have byob", "entity": [{"entity": "purple cactus burrito and wrap bar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 53]}, {"entity": "ongreentree lane", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any excellent wine bar close by", "entity": [{"entity": "excellent", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "wine bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any fine dining cajun restaurant with a fireplace that is within one mile", "entity": [{"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "cajun", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "fireplace", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "within one mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [83, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any irish restaurants that is not too far away", "entity": [{"entity": "irish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "not too far away", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any reasonably priced cajun restaurants that open at 11 am", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "cajun", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [47, 52]}, {"entity": "open at 11 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [70, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any resataurants in the mall", "entity": [{"entity": "in the mall", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know if there are any reviews on monacos", "entity": [{"entity": "monacos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know of a bakery that is still open", "entity": [{"entity": "bakery", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "still open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know the name of that restaurant on morgan street that is getting all the raves", "entity": [{"entity": "morgan street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 56]}, {"entity": "getting all the raves", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [65, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know what restaurants have catering", "entity": [{"entity": "catering", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i can find a place to eat that has gotten good reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "good reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where i can get some fresh sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "fresh sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where there is a wine bar", "entity": [{"entity": "wine bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you know where they sell hummus", "entity": [{"entity": "hummus", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you think the noodle bar is open", "entity": [{"entity": "noodle bar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "do you think tin whistle has fabulous service", "entity": [{"entity": "tin whistle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "fabulous service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does angels have a dress code", "entity": [{"entity": "angels", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does any place sells corned beef and cabbage for st patricks day", "entity": [{"entity": "corned beef and cabbage", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 44]}, {"entity": "st patricks day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does anyone in town deliver tasty vegan pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "deliver", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "tasty", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "vegan pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does bellinis have any outdoor parking", "entity": [{"entity": "bellinis", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "outdoor parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does buffalo wild wings do takeout orders", "entity": [{"entity": "buffalo wild wings", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 23]}, {"entity": "takeout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does burger king accept credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "accept credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does caribe have a smoking area", "entity": [{"entity": "caribe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does chuck e cheeses have drive thru", "entity": [{"entity": "chuck e cheeses", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "drive thru", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does dennys have a kids menu", "entity": [{"entity": "dennys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "kids menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does firstwatch breakfast restuarant have outdoor seating", "entity": [{"entity": "firstwatch breakfast restuarant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 36]}, {"entity": "outdoor seating", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does freds have take out", "entity": [{"entity": "freds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does granit grill at 703 fx have cheap breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "granit grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "703 fx", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does gustovs have a bar", "entity": [{"entity": "gustovs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does jaimes bakery have a great decor", "entity": [{"entity": "jaimes bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 18]}, {"entity": "great decor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does johnsons steakhouse require formal attire", "entity": [{"entity": "johnsons steakhouse", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "formal attire", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does logans serve hamburgers", "entity": [{"entity": "logans", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "hamburgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does mcdonalds serve ice cream during breakfast hours", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "ice cream during", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 37]}, {"entity": "breakfast hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does midys have takeout", "entity": [{"entity": "midys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "takeout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does mikes cafe have a smoking section", "entity": [{"entity": "mikes cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does mikes country kitchen have a senior special", "entity": [{"entity": "mikes country kitchen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does mister foos take reservations", "entity": [{"entity": "mister foos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does mortons have a dress code", "entity": [{"entity": "mortons", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does olive garden serve wine", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "wine", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does osaka sushi express have great portions", "entity": [{"entity": "osaka sushi express", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 24]}, {"entity": "great portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does paymon serves white wine", "entity": [{"entity": "paymon", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "white wine", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does pedros mexican restaurant accept credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "pedros", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "accept credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does pizza hut accept credit", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza hut", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does quang take credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "quang", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does ricatonis offer a lunch portion option", "entity": [{"entity": "ricatonis", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "lunch portion option", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does ruby tuesday on drake avenue have a salad bar", "entity": [{"entity": "ruby tuesday", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "drake avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 33]}, {"entity": "salad bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does sherrys have an all you can eat buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "sherrys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does stephanies on newbury have a brunch menu", "entity": [{"entity": "stephanies", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "newbury", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "brunch menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does target have their own parking spot is it good for bringing my date there", "entity": [{"entity": "parking spot", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "bringing", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [67, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does texas roadhouse open for lunch every day", "entity": [{"entity": "texas roadhouse", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 20]}, {"entity": "open for lunch every day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does tgi fridays have senior discounts", "entity": [{"entity": "tgi fridays", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "senior discounts", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the alicias diner on danton drive offer fixed price menus", "entity": [{"entity": "alicias diner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "danton drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "fixed price menus", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the asian restaurant downtown has parking", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the caranova restaurant at kendall square offer a fixed price menu", "entity": [{"entity": "caranova", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 46]}, {"entity": "fixed price menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [55, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the chinese buffet on 6 th avenue have a smoking section", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese buffet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "6 th avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 38]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the eastside grill have a dress code", "entity": [{"entity": "eastside grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the einstein bros bagels offer fine dining and a close location", "entity": [{"entity": "einstein bros bagels", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 29]}, {"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the italian restaurant in the town center offer carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "in the town center", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the italian restaurant on 5 th street require a dress code", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "5 th street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 42]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the italos bakery along the road have waterfront dining", "entity": [{"entity": "italos bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "along the road", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "waterfront dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the kostas pizza and seafood restaurant have grat prices", "entity": [{"entity": "kostas pizza and seafood restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 44]}, {"entity": "grat", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [50, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the kyotoyo japanese restaurant in the theater district deliver", "entity": [{"entity": "kyotoyo japanese restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 36]}, {"entity": "theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "deliver", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [61, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the mcdonalds on 7 th avenue offer free parking", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "7 th avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "free parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the nearest asian restaurant have a kids menu", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "kids menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the nearest howard johnsons have room service", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "howard johnsons", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "room service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the pho 2000 on state park rd have online reservation options", "entity": [{"entity": "pho 2000", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "state park rd", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "online reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the pizza shop on florida have outdoor parking", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza shop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "florida", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "outdoor parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the trendy new place in holbrook have egg rolls", "entity": [{"entity": "holbrook", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "egg rolls", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does the wildhorse saloon restaurant have a museum or gift shop", "entity": [{"entity": "wildhorse saloon restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 36]}, {"entity": "museum or gift shop", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does this chinese restaurant have private rooms", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "private rooms", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "does this restaurant have a good family friendly atmosphere", "entity": [{"entity": "family friendly atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "dominos pizza joint near my location", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "near my location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "farmer boys burgers in my town", "entity": [{"entity": "farmer boys burgers", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "fast food restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "feel like having a heart attack heart attack grill", "entity": [{"entity": "heart attack grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a brewpub with entrees under fifteen dollars", "entity": [{"entity": "brewpub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "entrees under fifteen dollars", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [20, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a carry out chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a cheap brewpub that serves beef", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "brewpub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "beef", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a chinese place that delivers", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a chinese restaurant that will take american express", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "will take american express", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a chinese restaurant with a large buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "large buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a classy expensive restaurant with excellent reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "classy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 13]}, {"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "excellent reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a clean place to eat that has reasonable prices", "entity": [{"entity": "clean", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a comella brothersand italian market for our anniversary that is within 10 miles from here", "entity": [{"entity": "comella brothersand italian market", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 41]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [70, 85]}, {"entity": "here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [91, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a fine dining restaurant within 6 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "within 6 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a high end place that serves pancakes", "entity": [{"entity": "high end", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "pancakes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a local fruit stand", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "fruit stand", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a mexican food restaurant that has a very good rating", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "very good rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a mike donuts for non smokers", "entity": [{"entity": "mike donuts", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "non smokers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a place to eat that has a drive thru", "entity": [{"entity": "drive thru", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a place with live music and happy hour specials", "entity": [{"entity": "live music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "happy hour specials", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a reasonably priced restaurant on highwood drive called oriental kitchen", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [7, 17]}, {"entity": "highwood drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "oriental kitchen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [61, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a thai cuisine within 2 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "within 2 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find a wright wright take out for a special occasion", "entity": [{"entity": "wright wright", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "special occasion", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an in and out burger place", "entity": [{"entity": "in and out burger", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [8, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an inexpensive mexican restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [8, 19]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find an italian resturant that serves family style", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "family style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find italian restaurants in atlanta ga", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "atlanta ga", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find italian restaurants within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a 3 star rated burger restaurant within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "3 star rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "burger restaurant", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a causal bar and grill", "entity": [{"entity": "causal", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "bar and grill", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a cheap brazilian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "brazilian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a cheap restaurant with a no smoking area", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "no smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a cheaply priced thai restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "cheaply", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a chinese restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a chinese take out restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a close by meat market which sells produce", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "meat", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "produce", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a close by sub shop", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "sub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a close travel center", "entity": [{"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a deli which has an eat in area", "entity": [{"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "eat in area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a dim sum restaurant open at 8 am", "entity": [{"entity": "dim sum restaurant", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [10, 28]}, {"entity": "open at 8 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a fancy place to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "fancy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a german restaurant within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "german", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good buffet near stockton ca", "entity": [{"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "near stockton ca", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good burrito truck in the mission", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "burrito truck", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [15, 28]}, {"entity": "in the mission", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good deli in manhattan", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "manhattan", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good pho restaurant in portland or", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "pho", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "portland or", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good pub that has a dance floor", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "pub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 18]}, {"entity": "dance floor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a good vegetarian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a jack in the box thats open", "entity": [{"entity": "jack in the box", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a kid friendly restaurant within three miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "within three miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a local outdoors shop that sells fire wood", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "outdoors shop", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 29]}, {"entity": "sells fire wood", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a local restaurant serving turkish food", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "turkish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a nail salon that does pedicures", "entity": [{"entity": "nail salon", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "pedicures", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a pizza parlour please", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza parlour", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a pizza place that takes credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a place that sells burgers closest to me", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "closest to me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a place that serves chinese takeout", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "takeout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a place to eat near by", "entity": [{"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a place to eat that has excellent sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "excellent", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [42, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a place to get pizza nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a popular local coffee shop", "entity": [{"entity": "popular", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a ranch style barbecue that serves lunch at 3 pm about one mile from my current position", "entity": [{"entity": "ranch style barbecue", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 30]}, {"entity": "serves lunch at 3 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "about one mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [57, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant good for a date", "entity": [{"entity": "good for a date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant near a movie theater thats open at 6 pm on saturday", "entity": [{"entity": "near a movie theater", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "open at 6 pm on saturday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [48, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant near the stadium", "entity": [{"entity": "near the stadium", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant that has a smoking area and serves alcohol and is withing 20 miles of my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "withing 20 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [71, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant that is quick and cheap", "entity": [{"entity": "quick", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant that serves hawaiian food", "entity": [{"entity": "hawaiian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant with burgers on the menu and large portions that offers business dining", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "business dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [77, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant with truck parking and good ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "truck parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "good ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant with valet access", "entity": [{"entity": "valet access", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a restaurant within 5 miles of here that is open at 1 am", "entity": [{"entity": "within 5 miles of here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 43]}, {"entity": "open at 1 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [52, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a review of grasons barbeque", "entity": [{"entity": "grasons barbeque", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a romantic restaurant in 7 hills", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "restaurant in 7 hills", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a romantic restaurant that has an open table", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "open table", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a sitdown place with a buy one get one free offer", "entity": [{"entity": "sitdown", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "buy one get one free offer", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a southwestern restaurant that serves breakfast and is located nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "southwestern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [46, 55]}, {"entity": "located nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a spanish restaurant where i can smoke", "entity": [{"entity": "spanish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "can smoke", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a sports bar that serves food", "entity": [{"entity": "sports bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "serves food", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a store that sells apple products within fifty miles", "entity": [{"entity": "apple", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "within fifty miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a sudbury pizza place thats no more than 10 minutes from here", "entity": [{"entity": "sudbury pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "no more than 10 minutes from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a take out chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a take out restaurant with fried chicken less than 2 miles from here", "entity": [{"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "fried chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "less than 2 miles from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a tgi fridays near me", "entity": [{"entity": "tgi fridays", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a thai restaurant with a great rating", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "great rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a vegan restaurant not more than 5 miles away", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "not more than 5 miles away", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me a very well priced cuban restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "well", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "cuban", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me all the local italian joints", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "italian joints", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me an ethiopian restaurant with good service", "entity": [{"entity": "ethiopian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "good service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me an ethiopian restaurant within 5 miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "ethiopian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me an expensive american restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "american", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me an indian restaurant that serves lamb", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "lamb", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [41, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me an italian restaurant which has received high ratings for its service", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "high ratings for its service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [49, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me brazilian food with on location parking", "entity": [{"entity": "brazilian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "on location parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me chicken places that accept discover card", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "accept discover card", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me fast food that serves salad", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "salad", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me italian restaurants with cheesecake", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 15]}, {"entity": "cheesecake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me restaurant that isnt cheap with chocolate cake on the dessert menu and byob", "entity": [{"entity": "isnt cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "chocolate cake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [40, 54]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me route directions from lexington ky to cincinnatti ohio", "entity": [{"entity": "lexington ky", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 42]}, {"entity": "cincinnatti ohio", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [46, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me soul food in los angeles", "entity": [{"entity": "soul", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "los angeles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the best rated chinese restaurant in the twin cities", "entity": [{"entity": "best rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "twin cities", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the closest bakers", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "bakers", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the closest ihop", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "ihop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the closest sonic drive thru", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "sonic", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "drive thru", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the closest walmart", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "walmart", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the nearest chase bank", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "chase bank", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the nearest mcdonalds please", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the nearest placed to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the phone number to dominos pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find me the phone number to the closest afghan restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "afghan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find my someplace around here where i can rock out with a smoothie", "entity": [{"entity": "someplace", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [8, 17]}, {"entity": "smoothie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [58, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find nearby restaurants with coupons", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "coupons", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find out how to get to the chipotle mexican grill on 12 th and pine", "entity": [{"entity": "chipotle mexican grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 49]}, {"entity": "12 th and pine", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find pizza places", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find ratings of all local italian restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find restaurant with italian food", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find restaurants within 5 miles with entrees under 15", "entity": [{"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "entrees under 15", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find somewhere to eat that is open before 7 am with average pricing along the route", "entity": [{"entity": "open before 7 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "average", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "along the route", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [68, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find thai food", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the closest brewpub", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "brewpub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the closest dunkin donuts", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "dunkin donuts", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the closest homeward bound that has a happy hour", "entity": [{"entity": "closest homeward bound", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 31]}, {"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the closest sea food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "sea food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the nearest chicken stand", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "chicken stand", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the nearest irish restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "irish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find the number of the best barbecue joint in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "barbecue", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find us a deli near central park", "entity": [{"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "near central park", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find us a sushi bar near brooklyn heights", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "near brooklyn heights", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find us a sushi bar near jackson", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "near jackson", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "find us locations of china wok", "entity": [{"entity": "china wok", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get me to a good pho restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "pho", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get me to a mexican place", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "get me to the best italian restaurant with the highest rating", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "highest rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me a list of restaurants that have seafood on the menu", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me a random restaurant that i havent been to yet", "entity": [{"entity": "random", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me directions to a mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me directions to an arbys", "entity": [{"entity": "arbys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me directions to saturn grill", "entity": [{"entity": "saturn grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me the closest place that does sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me the hours for the closest waffle house", "entity": [{"entity": "hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "waffle house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me the locations of the buffets in town", "entity": [{"entity": "locations", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "buffets", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "give me the names of the three closest pizza parlors", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 38]}, {"entity": "pizza parlors", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "going to shake shack wheres the best place to park", "entity": [{"entity": "shake shack", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "gryos nears restaurant serving them", "entity": [{"entity": "gryos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "nears", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [6, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hard rock hotel restaurant near me", "entity": [{"entity": "hard rock hotel", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hello would you please take me to sushi stop", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi stop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hello yes i need a steakhouse reservations childrens menu and pricing along with reviews of at least 3 stars", "entity": [{"entity": "steakhouse", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "reservations childrens menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 57]}, {"entity": "at least 3 stars", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a burger joint", "entity": [{"entity": "burger joint", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a five star chinese buffet within ten minutes of my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "chinese buffet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "within ten minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a good place to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [15, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a high end restaurant that is open until 11 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "open until 11 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a place for fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a place my kids would like to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "kids would like to eat", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find a sports bar that is smoke friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "sports bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "smoke friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "help me find jack in the box in beverly hills", "entity": [{"entity": "jack in the box", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "beverly hills", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hey could you look up a restaurant with the best meatballs in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "meatballs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [49, 58]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [59, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hey im looking for a great date night idea any suggestions", "entity": [{"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "date night", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hey take me to variety food court", "entity": [{"entity": "variety food court", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hey tell me where theres a taco bell nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hi hershel is there any place around here with something good to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 41]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hi i would like some thai food is there any nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hi please find me a sushi restaurant that has good reviews and that isnt too expensive", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "good reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "isnt too expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [68, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "hi would you please find a restaurant with cheap vegan options", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [49, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how are the prices at donatellas", "entity": [{"entity": "donatellas", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how big are the portions at cheddars", "entity": [{"entity": "cheddars", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how can i get to anthonys cafe on the waterfront", "entity": [{"entity": "anthonys cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "waterfront", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how can i quickly get to the nearst long john silvers", "entity": [{"entity": "nearst", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "long john silvers", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [36, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how close is the closest mexican restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how close is the nearest olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do i get from the honolulu zoo to izakaya gazen", "entity": [{"entity": "honolulu zoo", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "izakaya gazen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do i get to burger king on oak street", "entity": [{"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "oak street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do i get to the cloest port of subs", "entity": [{"entity": "cloest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "port of subs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do i get to the nearest hooters", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "hooters", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do i get to the nearest taco bell", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how do you get to als diner from here", "entity": [{"entity": "als diner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how expensive is olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [4, 13]}, {"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how expensive is the food at chinese express", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese express", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far am i from the nearest bagel shop", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "bagel", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far am i from true thai right now", "entity": [{"entity": "true thai", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far away is a chicago style sub joint", "entity": [{"entity": "chicago style sub joint", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far away is the closest burger king", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far away is the nearest applebees", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "applebees", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far away is the nearest steak house", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "steak house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far for a burger place", "entity": [{"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is evergreen taiwanese restaurant from the himalayan", "entity": [{"entity": "evergreen taiwanese", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "himalayan", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is the arbys", "entity": [{"entity": "arbys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is the english pub that serves a fry up", "entity": [{"entity": "english pub", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "fry up", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is the nearest applebeas", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "applebeas", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is the nearest olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far is the taco bell", "entity": [{"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far to the nearest fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how far to the next subway", "entity": [{"entity": "next", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how late does mcdonalds serve breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how late pfchangs in paradise road will be open", "entity": [{"entity": "pfchangs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "paradise road", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "will be open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how long will it take me to drive from glasgow to the three chimneys in skye", "entity": [{"entity": "glasgow", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 46]}, {"entity": "three chimneys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [54, 68]}, {"entity": "skye", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [72, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how long will it take me to drive to the band box diner from here", "entity": [{"entity": "long", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [4, 8]}, {"entity": "band box diner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many burger kings are around", "entity": [{"entity": "burger kings", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many burger kings are nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "burger kings", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many chinese restaurants are there", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many miles will it take me to get to dominoes", "entity": [{"entity": "dominoes", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [41, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many pizza restaurants are nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many places serve pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many restaurants near me have bathrooms", "entity": [{"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "have bathrooms", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how many restaurants that accept reservations are within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "accept reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 45]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [50, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how much is a plate at the olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how much is an average plate at spencers diner", "entity": [{"entity": "spencers diner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how much is small box of fries at jack in the box", "entity": [{"entity": "fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "jack in the box", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how much longer is subway open", "entity": [{"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [26, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "how should i dress when going to francoiss", "entity": [{"entity": "francoiss", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "huges bar and brill thanks", "entity": [{"entity": "huges bar and brill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am diabetic and need to know if there are any health stores in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "health", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [48, 54]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [62, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am having trouble fully waking up could you find some reviews of local coffee shops", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [73, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am hungry please find nearby restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am in the mood for shrimp where is the closet place i can go", "entity": [{"entity": "shrimp", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "closet", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am in the mood for some chinese food can you find me a place", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a dennys that is 5 miles from here", "entity": [{"entity": "dennys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "5 miles from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a good place to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a local pizza restaurant that delivers", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a mediterranean restaurant that delivers", "entity": [{"entity": "mediterranean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a mexican restuarant that has a mariachi band", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "mariachi band", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a nice restaurant within 30 miles that accepts credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "within 30 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "accepts credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [56, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a restaurant that allows smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "allows smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for a restaurant that serves english food i want the price to be cheap to moderate", "entity": [{"entity": "english", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "cheap to moderate", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [78, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for an olive garden are there any close by", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for lunch buffets within 15 minutes driving distance", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "buffets", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "within 15 minutes driving distance", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for sandwhiches", "entity": [{"entity": "sandwhiches", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for some chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i am looking for the best large buffet within 15 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "large buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "within 15 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i feel in the mood for spicy food what can you do for me", "entity": [{"entity": "spicy", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i feel the need for some killer barbeque help me please", "entity": [{"entity": "killer", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "barbeque", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i hate smoke so list off some eateries i can go relax at", "entity": [{"entity": "hate smoke", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [2, 12]}, {"entity": "relax", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have a coupon for sweet tomatoes where is the nearest one", "entity": [{"entity": "sweet tomatoes", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have a craving for fish and chips but i am on a budget so i need them cheap", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "chips", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [72, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have a dinner date at 5 where should i take her", "entity": [{"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "at 5", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have alcohol where can i find a good appetizer", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "appetizer", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have an important business luncheon and need to find a place that caters to professionals", "entity": [{"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 28]}, {"entity": "luncheon", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "caters to professionals", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [68, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i have to be back at the office before 3 pm which restaurant is located within 1 mile from here", "entity": [{"entity": "within 1 mile from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [72, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i just need to find the closest diner to pick up some quick cheap breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i just want to eat at home could you direct me to a fast food place that has carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [52, 61]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a 4 star rated subway nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "4 star rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a 5 star rated sushi bar close by", "entity": [{"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "sushi bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a cheap restaurant for brunch", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "brunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a close restaurant that is open currently", "entity": [{"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "open currently", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a deli that caters", "entity": [{"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "caters", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a family friendly place to eat tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "family friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 24]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a kid friendly lunch place", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a kid friendly place to get sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a korean barbecue restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "korean barbecue", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a late night spot with good service", "entity": [{"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "good service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a list of restaurants that take the diners card in a 5 mile radius", "entity": [{"entity": "diners card", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "5 mile radius", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a middle eastern restaurant with friendly service", "entity": [{"entity": "middle eastern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 23]}, {"entity": "friendly service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a place for kids to eat at 12 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "12 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a place for smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a place to get enchiladas thats open every day", "entity": [{"entity": "enchiladas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [22, 32]}, {"entity": "open every day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a quick bite to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "quick", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a reservation for 12 at 6 pm at the nearest asian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "6 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [51, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a reservation for two at the nearest steakhouse", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "steakhouse", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a restaurant with lots of parking and large portions called nations restaurant news", "entity": [{"entity": "lots of parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "nations restaurant news", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [67, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a thai place nearby can you find one", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need a two pm reservation for hooters thanks kitt", "entity": [{"entity": "two pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "hooters", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need an expensive place within 5 miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 19]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need an inexpensive italian restaurant with big portions", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 29]}, {"entity": "big portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need an italian restaurant with a kids menu", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "kids menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need an unbelievably priced place on kingsdale st that has a bar atmosphere", "entity": [{"entity": "unbelievably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "kingsdale st", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "bar atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [63, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need directions from my location to luigis pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "luigis pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need directions to the closest pancake place", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "pancake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need directions to the nearest ethiopian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "ethiopian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need food delivered from near downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "delivered", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "near downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need gluten free options on the restauarant menu", "entity": [{"entity": "gluten free options", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need help finding a soul food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "soul", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need info on wendys opening hours", "entity": [{"entity": "wendys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "opening hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need phone numbers to carry out pizza places within 2 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "within 2 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need reservations for 4 at the nearest sushi bar", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "sushi bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need some potato fries on beacon hill with quick service", "entity": [{"entity": "potato fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "beacon hill", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 39]}, {"entity": "quick service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need something hot to eat on the way to work", "entity": [{"entity": "hot", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "way to work", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need somewhere decently priced", "entity": [{"entity": "decently", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [17, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need the closest chic fil a that is still serving the peach shake", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "chic fil a", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "peach shake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [56, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need the hours of operation for lulus restaurant in gulf shores", "entity": [{"entity": "lulus", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "gulf shores", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need to book a business breakfast at the right price", "entity": [{"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "right", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need to find a galvins harp and bard near here", "entity": [{"entity": "galvins harp and bard", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 38]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need to find a place that is open every day", "entity": [{"entity": "open every day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need to find a restaurant int he government center with good service an a decent price", "entity": [{"entity": "government center", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 52]}, {"entity": "good service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "decent", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [76, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i need to know of a place that serves breakfast beginning as early as 5 30 am", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [38, 47]}, {"entity": "5 30 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [70, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i really feel like seafood right now whats close", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i smell bread take me there", "entity": [{"entity": "bread", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [8, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i think i could go for some mexican food right now can you see if there is anything nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i wanna try something new find me a restaurant that carries sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a 5 star restaurant that does carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [9, 15]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a beer from the cambridge brewing company", "entity": [{"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "cambridge brewing company", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a good milkshake where can i find it nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "milkshake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a great milkshake", "entity": [{"entity": "milkshake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a greek sandwich with goat cheese", "entity": [{"entity": "greek", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 14]}, {"entity": "sandwich with goat cheese", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [15, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a list of restaurants that are chinese buffets within 5 miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "buffets", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles of here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a pad thai place around here thats open all day", "entity": [{"entity": "pad thai", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [9, 17]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "open all day", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [42, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a place that allows smoking and serves health food", "entity": [{"entity": "allows smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "serves", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "health", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [46, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a restaurant near the campground that allows smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "near the campground", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 39]}, {"entity": "allows smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a restaurant on smith st that serves toast", "entity": [{"entity": "smith st", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "toast", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a restaurant that is open after 9 pm that is quite and has nice service", "entity": [{"entity": "open after 9 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [28, 43]}, {"entity": "quite", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [52, 57]}, {"entity": "nice service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [66, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a restaurant where i can order some carry out potato soup", "entity": [{"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "potato soup", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want a taco from a taco truck", "entity": [{"entity": "taco", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "taco truck", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want an upscale steakhouse that has valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "upscale", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "steakhouse", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want mexican food thats cheap which restaurant is closest", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want pizza im looking for the best pizza restaurant that is kid friendly and has carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [83, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want restaurants that are pet friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "pet friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want some chips and salsa", "entity": [{"entity": "chips and salsa", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want some taco bell", "entity": [{"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want something full of grease", "entity": [{"entity": "grease", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want something to eat close by", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want something to eat that is not fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "not fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [7, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want take out mexican food right now", "entity": [{"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 15]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want the spiciest buffalo wings in town where should i go", "entity": [{"entity": "spiciest buffalo wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [11, 33]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat at a very classy restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "very classy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat fast food italian", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat hamburgers", "entity": [{"entity": "hamburgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat in the best rated restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "best rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat mexican food", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat some pasta", "entity": [{"entity": "pasta", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to eat sushi please find me a place", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a burger that isnt fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "isnt fast food", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a german restaurant on the lower east side that serves brunch on saturday and or sunday", "entity": [{"entity": "german", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "lower east side", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "brunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [70, 76]}, {"entity": "saturday and or sunday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [80, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a kosher deli that serves tongue and brisket sandwiches", "entity": [{"entity": "kosher deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "tongue", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [41, 47]}, {"entity": "brisket sandwiches", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [52, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a nearby coffee shop with the highest customer ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "highest customer ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [45, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a new restaurant in my area that has just opened", "entity": [{"entity": "new", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 20]}, {"entity": "in my area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a place that serves beef patties", "entity": [{"entity": "beef patties", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a place that serves pizza by the slice", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza by the slice", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a place to eat that is very clean and has good service", "entity": [{"entity": "very clean", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 48]}, {"entity": "good service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a place with spaghetti and meatballs", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti and meatballs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a restaurant that has a diet friendly menu", "entity": [{"entity": "diet friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find a restaurant with an outdoor dining section that permits smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "outdoor dining section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "permits smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [64, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to find an italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get a list of pancake restaurants that are nonsmoking", "entity": [{"entity": "pancake", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "nonsmoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get a reservation at the best michelin rated french restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "best michelin rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [35, 54]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get price info on chez yogis restaurant in tow city", "entity": [{"entity": "chez yogis", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "in tow city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get some chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get to a coffee shop that serves breakfast after 11 am", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "breakfast after 11 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to get to a restauarant as fast as possible", "entity": [{"entity": "as fast as possible", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to go dancing at a nearby place and i want scallops while im at it", "entity": [{"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "scallops", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to go to a nicely priced place within 10 minutes that has a good tomato sauce", "entity": [{"entity": "nicely", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "within 10 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 55]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "tomato sauce", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [72, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to go to a restaurant with a high zagats rating and average plate cost of less than 20 nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "high zagats rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [36, 54]}, {"entity": "average plate cost", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [59, 77]}, {"entity": "less than 20", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to go to an indian restaurant downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to go to taco bell or taco jhons what ever is closer", "entity": [{"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "taco jhons", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to have lunch in downtown la", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "downtown la", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to have tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to make a reservation at an indian restaurant but i dont know the location of one around here", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to make dinner plans for the convention can you take me somewhere that does catering", "entity": [{"entity": "catering", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [83, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to reserve the back room at bensons grill for my daughters birthday party next friday night is it available", "entity": [{"entity": "bensons grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "friday night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [86, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to try a blow fish could you find a good place to try it", "entity": [{"entity": "blow fish", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [43, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to try something exotic", "entity": [{"entity": "exotic", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i want to try something new for dinner tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "new", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i was some expensive dumplings", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "dumplings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i wnat to go to a steakhouse with outdoor dining within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "steakhouse", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "outdoor dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 48]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like a list of restaurants that are smoke free near my house", "entity": [{"entity": "smoke free", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "near my house", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like find where all the nearby food trucks are", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "food trucks", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like some dim sum today that is less than 5 miles away", "entity": [{"entity": "dim sum", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "less than 5 miles away", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like some food what restaurants arent closed in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "closed", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to eat fish today any recommendations", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to eat pizza at a place with outdoor seating", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "outdoor seating", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to eat tofu at 12 pm for a reasonable price", "entity": [{"entity": "tofu", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "at 12 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [40, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a french restaurant that is rated at least 4 stars", "entity": [{"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "rated at least 4 stars", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [49, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a mexican restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a soul food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "soul", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a vegan restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to find a vegeterian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "vegeterian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to go to a sushi restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to know the location of a chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like to know where the best restaurants are", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [31, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would like wendys", "entity": [{"entity": "wendys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "i would llike breakfast foods", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ice cream shop with 20 flavors or more near here", "entity": [{"entity": "ice cream", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "20 flavors or more", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 38]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like a coffee shop that serves pie", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "pie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like some comfort food farm vegetables", "entity": [{"entity": "comfort food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "farm vegetables", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to eat at a good lunch spot for the right price", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "for the right", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to eat in a reasonably priced restaurant that is not part of chain and that serves american food", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "not part of chain", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [57, 74]}, {"entity": "american", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [91, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to eat some halal at a bar", "entity": [{"entity": "halal", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a breakfast place", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a cheap pub with internet access", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "pub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 27]}, {"entity": "internet access", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a chinese restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to find a diner that has grilled cheese and soup close to here could you suggest one", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "grilled cheese and soup", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 56]}, {"entity": "close to here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [57, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to go somewhere off the beaten path to get some middle eastern food", "entity": [{"entity": "off the beaten path", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "middle eastern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [56, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id like to know the closest starbucks open past 9 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "starbucks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "past 9 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id really like a thai restaurant that has carryout do you know of one", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "carryout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "id there a mina bakery in chinatown", "entity": [{"entity": "mina bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "in chinatown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "if want only organic vegetables and fruits in my dishes which restaurant is best", "entity": [{"entity": "organic vegetables and fruits", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 42]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [76, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im craving twice baked potatoes where do they serve them in a ten mile radius", "entity": [{"entity": "twice baked potatoes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [11, 31]}, {"entity": "ten mile radius", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [62, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im feeling a little down so id like go somewhere thats really bright and fun for breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "bright and fun", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [81, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry and i feel like eating chinese", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry and want a tasty burger", "entity": [{"entity": "tasty", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry find me a restaurant with large portions", "entity": [{"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry for a steak any good restaurants around", "entity": [{"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry for thai", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im hungry lets get some tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in a hurry wheres a place i can get a quick meal", "entity": [{"entity": "quick meal", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood for chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood for chinese which restaurants nearby have the best ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "best ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [61, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood for mexican food", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood for some texas chili", "entity": [{"entity": "texas chili", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood for something light", "entity": [{"entity": "light", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im in the mood to eat something ive never tried before can you find me something like that", "entity": [{"entity": "never tried before", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [36, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a 5 star restaurant whats the closest one", "entity": [{"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a chinese restureant thats moderate", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "moderate", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [42, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a diner along my route", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "along my route", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a family style restaurant so i can eat at the bar anything within two miles", "entity": [{"entity": "family style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "eat at the bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "within two miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a nice place to eat for me and my girlfriends one year anniversary where i can schedule romantic candles and flowers for her", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "romantic candles", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [103, 119]}, {"entity": "flowers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [124, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a pizza restaurant that has buffalo chicken where i can eat in i only have a credit card", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "buffalo chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [43, 58]}, {"entity": "credit card", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a place that serves apple pie", "entity": [{"entity": "apple pie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a romantic restaurant where are some near me", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for a top of the line steak place with valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "top of the line", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 32]}, {"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an all you can eat mexican buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "all you can eat", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "mexican buffet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for an asian buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for cheap spanish cuisine", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "spanish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for some nearby brazilian food for a special occasion", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "brazilian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [27, 36]}, {"entity": "special occasion", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for somewhere i can get a lot of food for not too much money", "entity": [{"entity": "lot of food", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 48]}, {"entity": "not too much money", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for somewhere to get affordable sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im looking for somewhere with a good wine list within a mile of here that is open before ten in the morning", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "wine list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "within a mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "open before ten in the morning", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [77, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im low on cash where is the nearest atm", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im on a budget but i want to eat can you suggest something", "entity": [{"entity": "budget", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [8, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im on a really tight budget but im hungry help me out", "entity": [{"entity": "tight budget", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im really hungry take me to the closest restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im starving help me find a fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [27, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im starving is there a restaurant that sells shawarma here", "entity": [{"entity": "shawarma", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im starving so fast food will do", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im starving tell me where the closest mcdonalds is", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [38, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im thinking spanish tapas is there one in port", "entity": [{"entity": "spanish tapas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "in port", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "im trying to find a family friendly restaurant with a gift shop within 10 miles of sunswept hotel in orange beach", "entity": [{"entity": "family friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 35]}, {"entity": "gift shop", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 63]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles of sunswept hotel in orange beach", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [64, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "in which restaurants can one smoke", "entity": [{"entity": "smoke", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "indian restraunt", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 6]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is a dairy queen nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "dairy queen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is albertos deli open until 11 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "albertos deli", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "open until 11 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is azita restaurant a date spot", "entity": [{"entity": "azita restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "date spot", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [22, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is bambinos restaurant close by", "entity": [{"entity": "bambinos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is chepes restaurant on the way", "entity": [{"entity": "chepes restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 20]}, {"entity": "way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is chickfila open today", "entity": [{"entity": "chickfila", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "open today", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [13, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is dave and busters a good lunch spot", "entity": [{"entity": "dave and busters", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 19]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is deluna pizza open after midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "deluna pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "after midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is fitzys pub in san jose family friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "fitzys pub", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "in san jose", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "family friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is golden house restaurant kids friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "golden house restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 26]}, {"entity": "kids friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is izzys ice cream shop open right now", "entity": [{"entity": "izzys ice cream shop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 23]}, {"entity": "open right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is jade garden within a mile of my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "jade garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "within a mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is outback having any specials today", "entity": [{"entity": "outback", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is panera bread open for breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "panera bread", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 15]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is papa johns on cradle way still open", "entity": [{"entity": "papa johns", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 13]}, {"entity": "cradle way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "still open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is pasquales still located on dayton street", "entity": [{"entity": "pasquales", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "dayton street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is quiznos open for breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "quiznos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 10]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is ruby tuesdays in chattanooga tn romantic", "entity": [{"entity": "ruby tuesdays", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 16]}, {"entity": "chattanooga", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 31]}, {"entity": "tn", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is santa ramen in san mateo busy on thursday nights", "entity": [{"entity": "santa ramen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "san mateo", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "thursday nights", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is sidney and hampton an expensive hotel restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "sidney and hampton", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 21]}, {"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [25, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the a chau restaurant within a mile from here a local favorite", "entity": [{"entity": "chau", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 13]}, {"entity": "within a mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the amaral manuel near here open after 12 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "amaral manuel", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 20]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "open after 12 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the chateau restaurant affordable", "entity": [{"entity": "chateau restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the hoseas restaurant nearby and does it offer live music", "entity": [{"entity": "hoseas restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "live music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the mcdonalds near my house open after midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "near my house", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "open after midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [31, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the pasteur restaurant a good place for lunch are they expensive", "entity": [{"entity": "pasteur restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [58, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the patio at the butcher and the boar dog friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "patio", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "butcher and the boar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 40]}, {"entity": "dog friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the pizza place closer than the chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [7, 12]}, {"entity": "closer", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the pricing fair", "entity": [{"entity": "pricing fair", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [7, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the restaurant pushcart open until 11 am", "entity": [{"entity": "pushcart", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 26]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "11 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the rubios fresh mex grill within 10 miles from my house a hidden find", "entity": [{"entity": "rubios fresh mex grill", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 29]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 45]}, {"entity": "my house", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "hidden", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the seven seas diner expensive", "entity": [{"entity": "seven seas diner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the silverbull steakhouse open seven days a week", "entity": [{"entity": "silverbull steakhouse", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the tea garden restaurant in medford good for a date night", "entity": [{"entity": "tea garden restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 28]}, {"entity": "medford", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 39]}, {"entity": "date night", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the twirl pasta in north end a good place for a business lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "twirl pasta", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "north end", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [60, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is the tylers restaurant in baltimore a little pricey", "entity": [{"entity": "tylers restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 24]}, {"entity": "baltimore", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "little", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a an indian restaurant in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "in this town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a bakery near here", "entity": [{"entity": "bakery", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a bar that stays open after 2 am that is within a 5 minute distance", "entity": [{"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 14]}, {"entity": "open after 2 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "within a 5 minute distance", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [50, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a benihana in this city", "entity": [{"entity": "benihana", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "this city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a bojangles in laurel", "entity": [{"entity": "bojangles", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "laurel", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a breakfast place that has valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a business dining restaurant where i can get cakes until 1 am", "entity": [{"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "cakes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "until 1 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [60, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a cafe that serves frog legs in fort worth", "entity": [{"entity": "cafe", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "frog legs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "fort worth", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a cheap fast food restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a cheap vegetarian restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a chick fil a within 5 miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "chick fil a", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a chinese buffet that serves family style", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "family style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a chinese restaurant in the midvale mall", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "midvale mall", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a chipotle located with in a mile of where i am now", "entity": [{"entity": "chipotle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "with in a mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a ciao bella on holyoke st", "entity": [{"entity": "ciao bella", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "holyoke st", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a club diner in watertown with a bar", "entity": [{"entity": "club", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "watertown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a deli nearby that takes credit cards and is open right now", "entity": [{"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "takes credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "open right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a diner with a patio in boxford", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "patio", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "boxford", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a donut and donuts restaurant within 5 miles with a beer list", "entity": [{"entity": "donut and donuts restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 38]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "beer list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a dress code and yuris dine in restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "yuris dine in restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a five star restaurant or bar open late", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good diner in oakland", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "oakland", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good place to eat close by", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a good vegan restaurant for kids", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a halal place downtown where i could eat outside", "entity": [{"entity": "halal", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "eat outside", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a hidden tudors biscut world in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "hidden tudors biscut world", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "this town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a hooters in this area", "entity": [{"entity": "hooters", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "in this area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a jacks restaurant around here", "entity": [{"entity": "jacks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a japanese restraunt near by", "entity": [{"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a korean restaurant that is smoker friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "korean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "smoker friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a korean restaurant with nice decor and open late", "entity": [{"entity": "korean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "nice decor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 44]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [49, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a late night place in west newbury where i can smoke", "entity": [{"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "west newbury", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 43]}, {"entity": "smoke", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [56, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a location of field corner restaurant near by that has a happy hour", "entity": [{"entity": "field corner", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a malaysian restaurant near roxbury crossing", "entity": [{"entity": "malaysian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "roxbury crossing", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a mall with a food court around here", "entity": [{"entity": "food court", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a mcdonalds between here and my destination", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "between here and my destination", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a mcdonalds nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a mcdonalds within two miles of here", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "within two miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a mexican restaurant near here with large portion sizes", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "large portion sizes", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a moderately priced french restaurant in this area", "entity": [{"entity": "moderately", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "in this area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a nice place in the theater district that wont drain my wallet", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 45]}, {"entity": "wont drain my wallet", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [51, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a nicely decorated restaurant in sacramento with a fireplace", "entity": [{"entity": "nicely decorated", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 27]}, {"entity": "sacramento", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 52]}, {"entity": "fireplace", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a olive garden nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pancake house nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "pancake house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a patio at w a frost", "entity": [{"entity": "patio", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "w a frost", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place near by that serves tapas", "entity": [{"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "tapas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place that serves breakfast this late", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place that will let me bring my own alcohol", "entity": [{"entity": "bring", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place to eat in the abington theatre district open after midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "abington theatre district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "after midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [62, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place to eat that has a friendly and cheerful atmosphere and offers steak on the menu", "entity": [{"entity": "friendly and cheerful atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 67]}, {"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [79, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place to eat that is still open at 10 pm close by", "entity": [{"entity": "open at 10 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place to get high tea nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "place", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "high tea", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place with walking distance of the cinema that serves pizza by the slice", "entity": [{"entity": "walking distance of the cinema", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 52]}, {"entity": "pizza by the slice", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a place within 10 minutes that has great atmosphere for a special meal", "entity": [{"entity": "within 10 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "great atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a ponderosa near here", "entity": [{"entity": "ponderosa", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a pool side night club nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "pool side night club", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 31]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a portuguese restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "portuguese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a rancho veo restaurant in north memphis", "entity": [{"entity": "rancho veo", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "north memphis", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a real cheap place to eat in kendall square at 8 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "real cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 52]}, {"entity": "at 8 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a reasonably priced restaurant that has perfect portion sizes", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "perfect portion sizes", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a red lobster in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "red lobster", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 22]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant around here that serves chicken wings", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "chicken wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant around where i could watch a football game it needs to be kid friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "watch a football game", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 64]}, {"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [80, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant close by that has dancing and serves scallops", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "dancing", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "scallops", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [59, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant close by with valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant in inman square that is after 9 pm 7 days a week", "entity": [{"entity": "after 9 pm 7 days a week", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [46, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant in the south end that has a fireplace and serves good portions", "entity": [{"entity": "south end", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "fireplace", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 59]}, {"entity": "serves good portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [64, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant on the way", "entity": [{"entity": "way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant on waverly street that is priced competitively", "entity": [{"entity": "waverly street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "priced competitively", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant that has a 5 star rating for it that people like", "entity": [{"entity": "5 star rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant that serves tacos before noon in charlestown", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "before noon", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 51]}, {"entity": "in charlestown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a restaurant with a bar scene nearby that serves small portioned meals and snacks", "entity": [{"entity": "bar scene", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "small portioned meals and snacks", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [58, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sbarro in the galleria mall", "entity": [{"entity": "sbarro", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "galleria mall", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sclafani italian bakery nearby with a view", "entity": [{"entity": "sclafani italian bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 34]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "view", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a seafood restaurant around here", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a small place in franklin that has beans", "entity": [{"entity": "small", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "in franklin", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "beans", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a smoking section at olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [30, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sports bar within a mile of the minneapolis convention center", "entity": [{"entity": "sports bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "within a mile of the minneapolis convention center", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a starbucks on the west side of town", "entity": [{"entity": "starbucks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "west side of town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a sudbury pizza place thats within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "sudbury pizza place", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a swensens restaurant in the north end", "entity": [{"entity": "swensens restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 30]}, {"entity": "in the north end", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a taco joint near the college", "entity": [{"entity": "taco joint", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "near the college", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a taqueria el rancho grandes around here for taking a date", "entity": [{"entity": "taqueria el rancho grandes", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 37]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "taking a date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a thai restaurant with a great wine list", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "wine list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a vegan restaurant within 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a very high end pastry place close to me", "entity": [{"entity": "very high end", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 24]}, {"entity": "pastry", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "close to me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a wah sang restaurant with a great beer list", "entity": [{"entity": "wah sang", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 19]}, {"entity": "beer list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a wangs fast food near providence highway", "entity": [{"entity": "wangs fast food", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 26]}, {"entity": "providence highway", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there a white castle on berkeley avenue", "entity": [{"entity": "white castle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "berkeley avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an all asia cafe nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "all asia cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an apple bees near by or similar bar and grill", "entity": [{"entity": "apple bees", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an applebees in hicksville ny with a special 10 menu", "entity": [{"entity": "applebees", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "hicksville ny", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "special 10 menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an english style restaurant open until midnight in north weymouth", "entity": [{"entity": "english", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "open until midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "in north weymouth", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [57, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an environmentally friendly restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "environmentally friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an expensive hotel named sidney and hampton with dining services", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "sidney and hampton", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [34, 52]}, {"entity": "dining services", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [58, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an expensive restaurant near here", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an ihop near by", "entity": [{"entity": "ihop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an indian restaurant within 5 miles that has a dinner buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 44]}, {"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [63, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an italian bistro nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "italian bistro", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an italian place nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an olive garden in kendall square with private dining rooms", "entity": [{"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "private dining rooms", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [48, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an open taco bell nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an restaurant in this part of town that serves thai food", "entity": [{"entity": "this part of town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there an s and i to go nearby that has small portions", "entity": [{"entity": "s and i to go", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any 24 hour deli on the west side of town", "entity": [{"entity": "24 hour", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "deli", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "west side of town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any chinese food nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any cuban food nearby with authentic dining", "entity": [{"entity": "cuban", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 18]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "authentic dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any good pizza in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place around that has bring your own liquor", "entity": [{"entity": "bring your own liquor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place in this area that has outdoor seating", "entity": [{"entity": "in this area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "outdoor seating", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place nearby that serves seafood", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place on the waterfront that does not allow smoking on the outside decks", "entity": [{"entity": "waterfront", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 36]}, {"entity": "not allow smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "outside decks", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place open after 9 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "open after 9 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place that i can get a quick meal that isnt fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "meal that", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [42, 51]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [57, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any place where i can take my pet", "entity": [{"entity": "pet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any red lobster by the mall", "entity": [{"entity": "red lobster", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "by the mall", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any restaurant close by has live music", "entity": [{"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "live music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any restaurant in the city that serves congee", "entity": [{"entity": "in the city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "congee", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [48, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any restaurant near kendall square that delivers tea", "entity": [{"entity": "near kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "tea", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [58, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any restaurant that serves fried chicken late night", "entity": [{"entity": "fried chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [50, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there any sandwich shop by the high school", "entity": [{"entity": "sandwich", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "by the high school", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there anywhere in kendall square that has tea and delivers", "entity": [{"entity": "kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "tea", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [45, 48]}, {"entity": "delivers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there anywhere near here that is open 24 hours and serves breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "24 hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [41, 49]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [61, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there anywhere near me that i can find a great sandwich", "entity": [{"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "sandwich", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [50, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there anywhere thats open past 1 am with exceptional prices", "entity": [{"entity": "open past 1 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "exceptional", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [44, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there anywhere to eat after 10 p m", "entity": [{"entity": "after 10 p m", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [25, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there caribbean food around here", "entity": [{"entity": "caribbean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there food near by", "entity": [{"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there moderately priced food near", "entity": [{"entity": "moderately", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [9, 19]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there more than one fatty fish restaurant on long island", "entity": [{"entity": "fatty fish", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "long island", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there parking at pierres", "entity": [{"entity": "parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "pierres", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is there somewhere to eat that is kid friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is this restaurant a hidden find", "entity": [{"entity": "hidden find", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is this restaurant a local favorite", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 26]}, {"entity": "favorite", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is this restuarant open 7 days a week", "entity": [{"entity": "open 7 days", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is togos smoke free", "entity": [{"entity": "togos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 8]}, {"entity": "smoke free", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "is ye olde cottage restaurant on the way i need a place to take some clients", "entity": [{"entity": "ye olde cottage restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [3, 29]}, {"entity": "way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "take some clients", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [59, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "its 10 pm is anything open", "entity": [{"entity": "10 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [4, 9]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "jeez the traffic is horrible today it looks like we need something quick off to donalds", "entity": [{"entity": "donalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [80, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "kid friendly restaurant never design center place with uper nice service", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "design center place", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "uper", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [55, 59]}, {"entity": "nice service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "king fung garden two with parking", "entity": [{"entity": "king fung garden two", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lets find the fanciest french cuisine in the city", "entity": [{"entity": "fanciest", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "in the city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lets get some fries", "entity": [{"entity": "fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lets go get a taco", "entity": [{"entity": "taco", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [14, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list all restaurants that cater to families within a ten mile location of my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "cater to families", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [26, 43]}, {"entity": "within a ten mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 61]}, {"entity": "location", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [62, 70]}, {"entity": "current location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [77, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list close restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "list the nearest mcdonalds to 87 th and ashland", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "87 th and ashland", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "lobster roll", "entity": [{"entity": "lobster roll", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [0, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "local fish tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "fish tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [6, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "local hooters", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "hooters", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [6, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "local mcdonalds please", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [6, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "local restaurant joints with smoking areas", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "smoking areas", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "local subway resturant", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [6, 12]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate a five star restaurant that is open after 10 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "open after 10 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [38, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate a place to eat that serves milk shakes", "entity": [{"entity": "milk shakes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate a sushi restaurant and give me their phone number", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [9, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate all mcdonalds within 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate an all you can eat buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "all you can eat buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate bar with alcohol", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate the nearest fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "locate the nearest restraunt", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look for inexpensive authentic mexican restaurants in chattanooga tennessee", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [9, 20]}, {"entity": "authentic mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "chattanooga tennessee", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [54, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "look up the reviews for this new asain restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "asain", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a 5 star restaurant that serves a great steack", "entity": [{"entity": "5 star restaurant", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 31]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [46, 51]}, {"entity": "steack", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [52, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a diner with comfortable atmosphere and a rustic setting", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "comfortable atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 47]}, {"entity": "rustic setting", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a drive through restaurant close by opened 24 7", "entity": [{"entity": "drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "opened 24 7", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [48, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a good place to get cheese fries", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "cheese fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [32, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a high end italian restaurant within a 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "high", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "end", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "within", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [51, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a kfc", "entity": [{"entity": "kfc", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [14, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a kid friendly restaurant in mid price range", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 26]}, {"entity": "mid", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [41, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a restaurant with the highest approval ratings", "entity": [{"entity": "highest approval ratings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [34, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a strong fair priced restaurant that is near", "entity": [{"entity": "fair", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a tai restaurant that is nerby that takes online reservations", "entity": [{"entity": "tai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 17]}, {"entity": "nerby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 42]}, {"entity": "online reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for a three star restaurant along my current route within the next hundred miles and not more then a mile off route any suggestions", "entity": [{"entity": "three star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 24]}, {"entity": "along my current route within the next hundred miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 88]}, {"entity": "not more then a mile off route", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [93, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for an expensive seafood place make a reservation for 6 people at 6 00", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for anything open before 7 a m nearby offering hip music", "entity": [{"entity": "open before 7 a m", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 38]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "hip music", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [55, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for breakfast restaurants with byob", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for californian cuisine with great prices", "entity": [{"entity": "californian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for crowd pleasing fatz along the way", "entity": [{"entity": "crowd pleasing fatz", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 31]}, {"entity": "along the way", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for d k bakery near here where the stars hang out", "entity": [{"entity": "d k bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "stars hang out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for duck dish with great pricing and good rating", "entity": [{"entity": "duck dish", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "good rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for freebirds world burrito that is open late", "entity": [{"entity": "freebirds world burrito", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 35]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [44, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for hotel dining on central square with great pricing", "entity": [{"entity": "hotel dining", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "central square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 42]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for local pizzahut", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "pizzahut", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for olympic house of pizza for lunch any close by", "entity": [{"entity": "olympic house of pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 34]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for reasonably priced diners", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "diners", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for sebastians restaurant offering generous portions", "entity": [{"entity": "sebastians restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 33]}, {"entity": "generous portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for star hangout close by called marios italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "star hangout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "marios italian restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [41, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for sushi with prix fixe menu at a reasonable price", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "prix fixe menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 37]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [43, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for tapas cuisine with great prices", "entity": [{"entity": "tapas", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for the cheapest place to eat im on a budget", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for tom yum cafe around here with excellent prices", "entity": [{"entity": "tom yum cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 36]}, {"entity": "excellent", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for tuna dishes that offer parking", "entity": [{"entity": "tuna dishes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [12, 23]}, {"entity": "offer parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for urban gourmet on bay road with great wine lists", "entity": [{"entity": "urban gourmet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "bay road", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 37]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [43, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "looking for very cheap sake restaurant that allows smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "very cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "sake", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 27]}, {"entity": "allows smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make a 5 00 p m reservation for black angus", "entity": [{"entity": "black angus", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make a reservation for 3 people at 8 pm tonight at the melting pot in towson", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation for 3 people", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 31]}, {"entity": "8 pm tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [35, 47]}, {"entity": "melting pot", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "towson", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [70, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make a reservation for six pm at a french restaurant with at least a 4 star rating", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "six pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "4 star rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [69, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make a reservation for us at the french restaurant for tonight at 8 pm also give us the dress code for the restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [88, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make a reservation tonight for four at billies steakhouse", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [7, 18]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "for four", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 35]}, {"entity": "billies steakhouse", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [39, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make me a reservation for a restaurant with a nonsmoking patio and that isnt fancy for 30 minutes from now", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "nonsmoking patio", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "isnt fancy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [72, 82]}, {"entity": "30 minutes from now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [87, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "make me reservations for three people at devitos italian", "entity": [{"entity": "devitos italian", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "may i have the business hours for the nearest red lobster", "entity": [{"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 45]}, {"entity": "red lobster", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [46, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mexican food", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mexican food to go", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "to go", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "mexican restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "moderately priced seafood restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "moderately", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my date and i would like some espresso thats within 10 min", "entity": [{"entity": "espresso", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "within 10 min", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my kids need lunch can you help", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my kids want a happy meal", "entity": [{"entity": "happy", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my kids want to sit outside and eat cheeseburgers", "entity": [{"entity": "sit outside", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "cheeseburgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [36, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "my nephew loves burgers where is the nearest five guys", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "five guys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "name the local buffets", "entity": [{"entity": "local buffets", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "navigate me to a thai restaurant thats 4 stars or higher", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "4 stars or higher", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "nearest fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [8, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "need a four star restaurant in a hotel", "entity": [{"entity": "four star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "in a hotel", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "need a reservation for six pm at the steak shack in detroit for four people and possibly a baby for tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "six pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "the steak shack", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "detroit", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [100, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "newbury street bakery and deli directions", "entity": [{"entity": "newbury street bakery and deli", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "nyc 5 star pizza parlors", "entity": [{"entity": "nyc", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [4, 10]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "parlors", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "of the restaurants that require suit jackets for men which have the best service and food", "entity": [{"entity": "require suit jackets for men", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 52]}, {"entity": "best service and food", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [68, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find a high end restaurant that i can take my clients to", "entity": [{"entity": "high end", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "clients", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find a japanese place that near an indian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 22]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find a mexican restaurant with a smoking section and more then 1 star review", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "more then 1 star review", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [60, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find a restaurant where i can order cocktails with lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "cocktails", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 52]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [58, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find a taco place near my house", "entity": [{"entity": "taco", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "near my house", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find italian restaurants that are child friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "child friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find me a cheap chinese restaurant nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find me a child friendly diner with a tv", "entity": [{"entity": "child friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "tv", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find me a non smoking restaurant that serves seafood i also want on site parking", "entity": [{"entity": "non smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "on site parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [72, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find me the nearest thai place", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [27, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find the address of international house of pancakes", "entity": [{"entity": "international house of pancakes", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please find the closest midpriced sit down restaurant with chicken tenders or macaroni on the kids meal", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "midpriced", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "sit down", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 42]}, {"entity": "chicken tenders", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [59, 74]}, {"entity": "macaroni", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "kids meal", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [94, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please get me the street address of the dennys in this area", "entity": [{"entity": "street address", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "dennys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please give me directions to the nearest made to order place where i can get a cheeseburger", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "made to order", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [41, 54]}, {"entity": "cheeseburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please give me the hours of operation for the burger king nearest me", "entity": [{"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [46, 57]}, {"entity": "nearest me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [58, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please help me locate a restaurant that allows smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "allows smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please list restaurants that serve alcohol within 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "alcohol", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 42]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please locate a bar off of main street down town that has valet parking is open late and has good reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "off of main street down town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 48]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "good reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please locate a mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [16, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please make me a reservation for tonight at jax cafe at 7 pm for six", "entity": [{"entity": "reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "jax cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "7 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [56, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please name all restaurants that offer curb side pick up on highway 43 south", "entity": [{"entity": "curb side pick up", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 56]}, {"entity": "highway 43 south", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please navigate to the closest coffee shop with free trade coffee", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 30]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "free trade coffee", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please show me some reviews about the sushi place", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "place", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "please take me to a highly rated family diner", "entity": [{"entity": "highly rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "family diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "pub", "entity": [{"entity": "pub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "quick i need a hot dog", "entity": [{"entity": "hot dog", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "reasonably priced byob irish restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "irish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "red lobster with no smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "red lobster", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "no smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "red robins restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "red robins", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "restaurant that caters to children and that is fun for parents and kids alike", "entity": [{"entity": "caters to children", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 34]}, {"entity": "fun for parents and kids alike", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "restaurants in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "restaurants that take visa or master card", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "restuarnt that cathay owns", "entity": [{"entity": "cathay", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search for a buffet that is a smoke free environment within 5 miles of my location", "entity": [{"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "smoke free environment", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 52]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles of my location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search for a place that serves meatloaf", "entity": [{"entity": "meatloaf", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [31, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search for dine in restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "dine in", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search for fast food places that also have a kid play area", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "kid play area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "search for restaurants with seafood", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me a inexpensive restaurant within 10 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all of the local restaurants with a smoking area", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "smoking area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me all the restaurants that are not franchises in my area", "entity": [{"entity": "not franchises", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "in my area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me restaurants that serve senior portions", "entity": [{"entity": "senior portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me some cheap eats", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me some mexican restaurants that arent too far", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "arent too far", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me some restaurants nearby that have 3 star or higher rating", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "3 star or higher rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the moderately priced japanese restaurants in a ten mile radius", "entity": [{"entity": "moderately", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "ten mile radius", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [56, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the three closest wendys", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "wendys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me the three nearest boston market restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "boston market", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "show me where the nearest sports bar is", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "sports bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "smoke friendly restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "smoke friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "some jerky would make my day", "entity": [{"entity": "jerky", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "someplace where the prices for food arent bad and i can get something to eat before 8 am", "entity": [{"entity": "arent bad", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [36, 45]}, {"entity": "before 8 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [77, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "strega restaurant and lounge offering local cuisine", "entity": [{"entity": "strega restaurant and lounge", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [38, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "suppose im looking for the best fish in sd", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "sd", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tacos stand near my location", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos stand", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "near my location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me for the best dessert today", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "dessert", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "today", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [29, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to a hole in the wall that has high reviews is open late and serve drinks", "entity": [{"entity": "hole in the wall", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "high reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [55, 64]}, {"entity": "drinks", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to a local restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to a nice restaurant with generous portions", "entity": [{"entity": "nice", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "generous portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to a restaurant i would like", "entity": [{"entity": "would like", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [26, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to the closest restaurant i can smoke in", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "smoke", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "take me to the nearest tex mex restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "tex mex", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me the hours of chipotle in midtown", "entity": [{"entity": "chipotle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "midtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me what restaurants are available within a 5 minute drive", "entity": [{"entity": "5 minute drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tell me where i can find a good meal in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "thai", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 4]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the most expensive restaurant in town with a dress code and reservations", "entity": [{"entity": "most expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [4, 18]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "reservations", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "the opening times of nearby pizza places", "entity": [{"entity": "opening times", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 27]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "today is a good day for some tacos off to taco bell", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "tummys grumbling give me the nearest fast food joint", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [37, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "want mushrooms near mansfield avenue before 7 am", "entity": [{"entity": "mushrooms", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "near mansfield avenue", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 36]}, {"entity": "before 7 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [37, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "want to find a restaurant that specilizes in spagetti", "entity": [{"entity": "specilizes in", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 44]}, {"entity": "spagetti", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we have a crying baby how far is a place to eat that is kid friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [56, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "we want t go to dinner and then dance", "entity": [{"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "dance", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [32, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some fine dining restaurants in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [14, 25]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some of the best restaurants in this city", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "in this city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some of the locally favourite restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "locally", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are some restaurants that serve american food that are with in one mile", "entity": [{"entity": "american", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [37, 45]}, {"entity": "with in one mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the average prices for lunch at mikanos", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 37]}, {"entity": "mikanos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the directions to siu kuen chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "siu kuen chinese restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the directions to the speakeasy cafe", "entity": [{"entity": "speakeasy cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [31, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the fast food restraurants on the next 6 miles of this road", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "next 6 miles of this road", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the hours to verazzanos", "entity": [{"entity": "verazzanos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the portions like at red lobster", "entity": [{"entity": "red lobster", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the prices like at gregorys restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "gregorys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the reviews on this italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the spiciest local favourites served at cappys pizza and subs", "entity": [{"entity": "cappys pizza and subs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [49, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what are the three highest rated restaurants in my area", "entity": [{"entity": "three highest rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "my area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what asian restaurants offer carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "asian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what chicken restaurants are in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what do you know about restaurants that have impressive wine lists", "entity": [{"entity": "impressive wine lists", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what fast food is near by", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 14]}, {"entity": "near by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what has the best dumplings in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "dumplings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what high end restaurants are nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "high end", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [5, 13]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is a family friendly restaurant in dorche that serves vietnamese food", "entity": [{"entity": "family friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "dorche", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "vietnamese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [59, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is an italian restaurant in the area with family style meals", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "in", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 41]}, {"entity": "family style", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [47, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is dominos numbers", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is jack in the box phone number", "entity": [{"entity": "jack in the box", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [8, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the address to burger king on route 63", "entity": [{"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "route 63", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the average mealcost for townline pizza in my city", "entity": [{"entity": "townline pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "in my city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the average price for lunch at olive garden", "entity": [{"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "olive garden", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [39, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the average price range at ruby tuesday", "entity": [{"entity": "average", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "ruby tuesday", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [35, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best coffee house near here", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "coffee house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best ice cream parlor", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "ice cream parlor", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best mexican restaurant in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best pizza place in the theater district", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best restaurant around", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "around", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the best steak house in kansas city mo", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "steak house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "kansas city mo", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the closest bar near heidis restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "heidis restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the closest chic fil a", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "chic fil a", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the closest fast food to me", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the closest wendys to me", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "wendys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [20, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the dress code at fazolis", "entity": [{"entity": "fazolis", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the dress code at the precinct", "entity": [{"entity": "the precinct", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the dress code for eating at planet hollywood", "entity": [{"entity": "planet hollywood", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [37, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the dress code for ruth chris steakhouse", "entity": [{"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 22]}, {"entity": "ruth chris steakhouse", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the entree price at kiosque", "entity": [{"entity": "entree", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "kiosque", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the fastest route to the sonic", "entity": [{"entity": "sonic", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the favorite type of food people eat out here and where can i get it", "entity": [{"entity": "favorite", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 20]}, {"entity": "out here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the highest rated thai restaurant in austin", "entity": [{"entity": "highest rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "austin", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most closest eat in restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "eat in", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most expensive restaurant with a dress code and valet parking within 15 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "most expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [45, 55]}, {"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "within 15 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [74, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the most popular italian restaurant near me", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of that expensive greek restaurant in alston", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "greek", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "alston", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name of the restaurant within 50 miles of chatswin that was built inside a cavern", "entity": [{"entity": "within 50 miles of chatswin", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "built inside a cavern", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [72, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the name or phone number of the coffee shop on seminary street", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 46]}, {"entity": "seminary street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [55, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the nearest fast food restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the phone number for the closest chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the phone number of a nearby restaurant that serves garlic shrimp", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "garlic shrimp", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [60, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the phone number of bills pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "bills pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the phone number of the mcdonalds on the east side of town", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "east side of town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the phone number to alans on oak street", "entity": [{"entity": "alans", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 33]}, {"entity": "oak street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the price for a lobster entree at martys marina", "entity": [{"entity": "lobster", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "martys marina", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the price range for dinner at clarkes family restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "clarkes family restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [38, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rating for pho saigon in mesa arizona", "entity": [{"entity": "pho saigon", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "mesa arizona", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rating on arbys", "entity": [{"entity": "arbys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is the rating on burger island", "entity": [{"entity": "burger island", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [22, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what is this months special at mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what italian restaurant is open 24 hours on dalton street", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "open 24 hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "dalton street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of atmosphere does simpsons have", "entity": [{"entity": "simpsons", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of chicken dishes does theos serve", "entity": [{"entity": "theos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of fondue does the magic kettle have", "entity": [{"entity": "fondue", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "magic kettle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of food does abc cafe serve", "entity": [{"entity": "abc cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of food does this place have", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kind of food does ubice sell", "entity": [{"entity": "ubice", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what kosher restaurants still have smoking sections", "entity": [{"entity": "kosher", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "smoking sections", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what local restaurants have an outdoor play area for young children", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "outdoor play area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [31, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nearby is open past midnight and has fabulous service", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "open past midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "fabulous service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nearby places are byob", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nearby restaurant has the best reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "best reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [31, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what nearby restaurants serve grilled tilapia", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [5, 11]}, {"entity": "grilled tilapia", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pancake restaurants are nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "pancake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what pizza place has the best toppings and is no farther than 4 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [5, 10]}, {"entity": "best toppings", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [25, 38]}, {"entity": "no farther than 4 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [46, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what place in saugus has the best decor", "entity": [{"entity": "saugus", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [14, 20]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "decor", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what places are cheap here", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [22, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what places have great selections of beer", "entity": [{"entity": "beer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what places have pretty good prices", "entity": [{"entity": "pretty good", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [17, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what places in roxbury are open before 8 am and have excellent service", "entity": [{"entity": "roxbury", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "open before 8 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "excellent service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what places serve dinner late", "entity": [{"entity": "dinner late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [18, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what portugeese restaurant is on colonel bell drive", "entity": [{"entity": "portugeese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "colonel bell drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant are cheap and only vegan", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant are open till 10 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "open till 10 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant has middle eastern food and great service", "entity": [{"entity": "middle eastern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "great service", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant is expensive and has entertainment", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "entertainment", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant is open till 9 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "open till 9 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant nearby are affordable", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "affordable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [27, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant on the south side has the hottest sauce for their chicken wings", "entity": [{"entity": "south side", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 33]}, {"entity": "hottest", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [42, 49]}, {"entity": "sauce", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "chicken wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant sells crab close by", "entity": [{"entity": "crab", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [22, 26]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant serves burritos 7 days per week", "entity": [{"entity": "burritos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "7 days per week", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant serves the largest portions of meat within 10 mile", "entity": [{"entity": "largest portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 43]}, {"entity": "meat", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "within 10 mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [52, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurant within 25 miles has the poorest quality food", "entity": [{"entity": "within 25 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "poorest", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are close to the museum", "entity": [{"entity": "museum", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are open in the downtown area", "entity": [{"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "in the downtown area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are open past midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "open past midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are still open this late", "entity": [{"entity": "still open this late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants are within 1 mile and have good prices", "entity": [{"entity": "within 1 mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [44, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants around here have free wi fi", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "free wi fi", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants downtown is open after 9 p", "entity": [{"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 25]}, {"entity": "open after 9 p", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [29, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants have a large beer menu and are close to a hotel", "entity": [{"entity": "large beer menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 39]}, {"entity": "close to a hotel", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants have nice family friendly brunch on weekends", "entity": [{"entity": "nice family friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [22, 42]}, {"entity": "brunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "weekends", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants nearby serve ribs and ice cream sundaes", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [17, 23]}, {"entity": "ribs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "ice cream sundaes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what restaurants stay open after 2 am within 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "open after 2 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 37]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what route should i take in order to get to the closest fast food place", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [56, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what seafood place around here has the biggest portions", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [5, 12]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does is breakfast over at burger king", "entity": [{"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [36, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does jollibees open", "entity": [{"entity": "jollibees", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [25, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does kareems restaurant open", "entity": [{"entity": "kareems", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does king palace serve dimsum until", "entity": [{"entity": "king palace", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 26]}, {"entity": "serve", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "dimsum", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "until", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does little johns open on sunday", "entity": [{"entity": "little johns", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "on sunday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [33, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does mcdonalds in main street open", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}, {"entity": "main street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does on the rocks on seminary stop serving food", "entity": [{"entity": "time", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [5, 9]}, {"entity": "on the rocks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "seminary", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 39]}, {"entity": "stop serving food", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does papa johns close", "entity": [{"entity": "papa johns", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 25]}, {"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does red robin close", "entity": [{"entity": "red robin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does sonic burger open", "entity": [{"entity": "sonic burger", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does sonic open", "entity": [{"entity": "sonic", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [21, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does subway open", "entity": [{"entity": "does", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does the burger king on main street closes", "entity": [{"entity": "burger king", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "main street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does the nearest chipotle close", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "chipotle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [27, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does the pho place in reno close", "entity": [{"entity": "pho place", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "reno", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 36]}, {"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [37, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time does the sushi place near me open", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time is happy hour at the juice shop", "entity": [{"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "juice shop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what time of the day does mcdonals start serving lunch the one near here", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonals", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 34]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [63, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what type of cusine does gates have", "entity": [{"entity": "gates", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [25, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what vegetarian options does zaxbys offer", "entity": [{"entity": "zaxbys", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "what would be an impressive restaurant for me to take a future business partner to", "entity": [{"entity": "impressive", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "business", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [63, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a cheap place near melrose that serves pakistani styled kabobs", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [8, 13]}, {"entity": "near melrose", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 32]}, {"entity": "pakistani", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [45, 54]}, {"entity": "kabobs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a good restaurant for a casual date", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "casual date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a nicely priced southwestern place near here", "entity": [{"entity": "nicely", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "southwestern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 34]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats a popular place to east", "entity": [{"entity": "popular", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [8, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats an expensive belgian restaurant in san diego", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [9, 18]}, {"entity": "belgian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "san diego", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats open after noon", "entity": [{"entity": "open after noon", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [6, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the address of best locally owned sub sandwich shop", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "locally", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "owned", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "sub sandwich", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [40, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best barbeque restaurant in memphis", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "barbeque", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 23]}, {"entity": "memphis", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best french style cafe in sacramento", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "cafe", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "sacramento", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best indian restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "indian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best place around here to get cheese", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "cheese", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [40, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the best restaurant within 10 blocks from us", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [10, 14]}, {"entity": "within 10 blocks from us", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the cheapest fast food restaurant that has a play area for children", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 18]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "play area", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the closest and cheapest bistro nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [22, 30]}, {"entity": "bistro", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the closest chinese food place", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the closest pizza restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the closest restaurant with a full salad bar", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "full salad bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the most expensive restaurant on the back bay thats open until midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "most expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "back bay", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 51]}, {"entity": "open until midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the most popular steak house around here", "entity": [{"entity": "popular", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "steak house", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the nearest pizza place that serves anchovies", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "anchovies", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the phone number for that family owned thai restaurant on the north side", "entity": [{"entity": "family owned", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [32, 44]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "north side", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the phone number the restaurant i just pass", "entity": [{"entity": "i just pass", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the phone number to bouchon in napa", "entity": [{"entity": "bouchon", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "napa", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [37, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whats the shortest route to mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [28, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does better burger open today", "entity": [{"entity": "better burger", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does churchs open", "entity": [{"entity": "churchs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does dominos open", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 17]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [18, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does pizza patron open", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza patron", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [23, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does subway open", "entity": [{"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "open", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [17, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "when does white castle close", "entity": [{"entity": "white castle", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [10, 22]}, {"entity": "close", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where are some fast food joints in driving distance to here", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food joints", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "driving distance", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where are some mexican restaurants", "entity": [{"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where are the restaurants with a formal dress code around here", "entity": [{"entity": "formal dress code", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [33, 50]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [51, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can a group be served omelets", "entity": [{"entity": "omelets", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can get some fried chicken", "entity": [{"entity": "fried chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i dine outside and eat pork chops", "entity": [{"entity": "dine outside", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 24]}, {"entity": "pork chops", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat a nice sit down dinner and have some pho", "entity": [{"entity": "sit down dinner", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 38]}, {"entity": "pho", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [53, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat african food for cheap", "entity": [{"entity": "african", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [33, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat around here", "entity": [{"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [16, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat by the water close by", "entity": [{"entity": "by the water", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "close by", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat pita bread late at night", "entity": [{"entity": "pita bread", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "late at night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat that delivers food", "entity": [{"entity": "delivers food", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat that has valet parking", "entity": [{"entity": "valet parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat that isnt cheap", "entity": [{"entity": "isnt cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i eat that wont need a reservation and that i can be at in 20 minutes", "entity": [{"entity": "wont need a reservation", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 44]}, {"entity": "in 20 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a cambodian restaurant that also sells ingredients", "entity": [{"entity": "cambodian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "sells ingredients", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a cheap place to eat in peabody", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "peabody", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a coffee shop within 10 miles that is not part of a chain", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 25]}, {"entity": "within 10 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 46]}, {"entity": "not part of a chain", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [55, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a coffee zone that has dining at the bar and a good rating", "entity": [{"entity": "coffee zone", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 30]}, {"entity": "dining at", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "good rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [64, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a cracker barrel near miami", "entity": [{"entity": "cracker barrel", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "miami", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a good brepub that is open after 11 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "brepub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "open after 11 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [39, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a good place to eat that is in within miles from me", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "within miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a good pork chop", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "pork chop", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a good restaurant in the theatre district", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "theatre district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a high end restaurant on chestnut street open after 11 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "high end", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [19, 27]}, {"entity": "chestnut street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 57]}, {"entity": "open after 11 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a late night taco joint", "entity": [{"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "taco joint", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a nice gelato place that offers carryout", "entity": [{"entity": "gelato", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "carryout", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [49, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a place for people watching nearby", "entity": [{"entity": "people watching", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [29, 44]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a place that serves gelato", "entity": [{"entity": "gelato", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [37, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a place to eat that serves pasta", "entity": [{"entity": "pasta", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a place with a great wine list", "entity": [{"entity": "great wine list", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [32, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a place within 5 minutes with great prices", "entity": [{"entity": "within 5 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 41]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a rainforest cafe", "entity": [{"entity": "rainforest cafe", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [19, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a restaurant near me", "entity": [{"entity": "near me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a restaurant that has good portions and is open at 9 p", "entity": [{"entity": "good portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 52]}, {"entity": "open at 9 p", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [60, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a restaurant with a vegetarian senior discount menu", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [37, 47]}, {"entity": "senior discount", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [48, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a seafood restaurant that also sells fresh fish", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "sells fresh fish", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [48, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a sports bar in nassau county new york", "entity": [{"entity": "sports bar", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 29]}, {"entity": "nassau county new york", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find a thai restaurant that is non smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "non smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [43, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find authentic mexican cuisine at a great price", "entity": [{"entity": "authentic mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [48, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find bobby hacketts restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "bobby hacketts", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find cheap vegan food", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find good irish food", "entity": [{"entity": "irish", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find halal with a price not so high", "entity": [{"entity": "halal", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "price not so high", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find naugles", "entity": [{"entity": "naugles", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find somewhere relaxed thats open in the morning around beacon hill", "entity": [{"entity": "relaxed", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "open in the morning", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [41, 60]}, {"entity": "around beacon hill", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [61, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the best sushi in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the cheapest burgers in town", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [38, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the cheapest pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the cheapest take out chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [39, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the closest bakery", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "bakery", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find the highest rated breakfast burrito", "entity": [{"entity": "highest rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "breakfast burrito", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i find tofu in city hall plaza with parking", "entity": [{"entity": "tofu", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "city hall plaza", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 40]}, {"entity": "parking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a banana split", "entity": [{"entity": "banana split", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a burger", "entity": [{"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a cheap dinner", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [24, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a cheap slice of pizza in huntington ny", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "slice of pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "huntington ny", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a good bagel from", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "bagel", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a good deal on two pizzas in manhattan", "entity": [{"entity": "pizzas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "manhattan", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a good sandwich for a good price", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "sandwich", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 31]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [38, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a great tofu omelette in wayland", "entity": [{"entity": "tofu omelette", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "wayland", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a hamburger", "entity": [{"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a hamburger between thompson falls and plains", "entity": [{"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "between thompson falls and plains", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a healthy lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "healthy", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [26, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a milkshake within walking distance", "entity": [{"entity": "milkshake", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "within walking distance", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [28, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a pho king sized bowl", "entity": [{"entity": "pho king sized bowl", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a pricey drink on kendall square", "entity": [{"entity": "drink", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [25, 30]}, {"entity": "kendall square", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get a taco for a dollar", "entity": [{"entity": "taco", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 22]}, {"entity": "for a dollar", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [23, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get an appitizer in american legion highway", "entity": [{"entity": "appitizer", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "american legion highway", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get bagels", "entity": [{"entity": "bagels", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get barbecue no farther than 5 miles", "entity": [{"entity": "barbecue", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 24]}, {"entity": "5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get caribbean food not far from here in a romantic setting", "entity": [{"entity": "caribbean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "not far from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "romantic setting", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [54, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get cheap food at 5 pm in alston", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [16, 21]}, {"entity": "5 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "in alston", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get decent inexpensive sushi in glen cove ny", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [23, 34]}, {"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "glen cove ny", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get doughnuts right now", "entity": [{"entity": "doughnuts", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get eggrolls", "entity": [{"entity": "eggrolls", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get fish", "entity": [{"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get large portions of fish with a group of interesting folk", "entity": [{"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 30]}, {"entity": "fish", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 38]}, {"entity": "group", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [46, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get nachos within 1 mile of me that is open late", "entity": [{"entity": "nachos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "within 1 mile", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [51, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get reasonably priced sashimi at 8 pm", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [16, 26]}, {"entity": "sashimi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 41]}, {"entity": "8 pm", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [45, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some chicken nuggets", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken nuggets", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some cookies", "entity": [{"entity": "cookies", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some crab nearby that is open until 2 am", "entity": [{"entity": "crab", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "open until 2 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [41, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some fast food", "entity": [{"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some good coffee", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "coffee", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some ice cream", "entity": [{"entity": "ice cream", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some macaroni and cheese", "entity": [{"entity": "macaroni and cheese", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some shrimp", "entity": [{"entity": "shrimp", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some slushy", "entity": [{"entity": "slushy", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some southern food", "entity": [{"entity": "southern", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some spaghetti", "entity": [{"entity": "spaghetti", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some sushi", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get some waffles", "entity": [{"entity": "waffles", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get something inexpensive to eat near my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "inexpensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [26, 37]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 49]}, {"entity": "current location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [53, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get starbucks around me", "entity": [{"entity": "starbucks", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [16, 25]}, {"entity": "around me", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get the best pie", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "pie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [25, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get the top rated hamburger in baltimore", "entity": [{"entity": "top rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 39]}, {"entity": "baltimore", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i get vegan food", "entity": [{"entity": "vegan", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i go for expensive gelato for carry out", "entity": [{"entity": "expensive", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "gelato", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [29, 35]}, {"entity": "carry out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [40, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i go to eat", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i go to get a sandwich around here", "entity": [{"entity": "sandwich", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [24, 32]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i have a glass of wine in jamaica plain that also does not allow smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "glass", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "wine", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 32]}, {"entity": "jamaica plain", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "does not allow smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i order fried chicken to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "fried chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take a date nearby for enchiladas", "entity": [{"entity": "date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 23]}, {"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 30]}, {"entity": "enchiladas", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take coworkers for excellent priced food", "entity": [{"entity": "coworkers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [17, 26]}, {"entity": "excellent", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [31, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take my 5 year old nephew to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "take my 5 year old", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [12, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take my date for a cheap meal in charlestown", "entity": [{"entity": "date", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "charlestown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take my kids for good tacos", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take my kids to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can i take my kids to get an omelet", "entity": [{"entity": "kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 24]}, {"entity": "omelet", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where can we find a french inspired restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "french inspired", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [20, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i eat sushi on the waterfront", "entity": [{"entity": "sushi", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [18, 23]}, {"entity": "waterfront", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i find some good tomato sauce thats 10 minutes away with excellent pricing", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "tomato sauce", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [29, 41]}, {"entity": "10 minutes away", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 63]}, {"entity": "excellent", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [69, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i get some cakes in a business atmosphere thats open until 1 am", "entity": [{"entity": "cakes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "business atmosphere", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 53]}, {"entity": "open until 1 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [60, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i go for a burger and a movie", "entity": [{"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 29]}, {"entity": "movie", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where could i go for a roast beef sandwich right now", "entity": [{"entity": "roast beef sandwich", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [43, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where do i park to go to the butcher and the boar", "entity": [{"entity": "butcher and the boar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [29, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where i can get seafood and bring my own drinks", "entity": [{"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "bring my own drinks", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [28, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where in beverly can i bring a group to an italys little kitchen", "entity": [{"entity": "beverly", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "italys little kitchen", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [43, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where in the theater district is there a restaurant with portions that are a bit small", "entity": [{"entity": "theater district", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a bob evans on diauto drive with moderate portions", "entity": [{"entity": "bob evans", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "diauto drive", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "moderate portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [42, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a cheap restaurant in the north end that serves burritos", "entity": [{"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "north end", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "burritos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a good place to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a good place to get seafood", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [29, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a good restaurant on the water", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "water", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a kid friendly pizza place with games", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 23]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 29]}, {"entity": "games", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [41, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a kosher place for lunch", "entity": [{"entity": "kosher", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "for lunch", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a late night ethiopian place that we can go after 2 am", "entity": [{"entity": "late night", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "ethiopian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 31]}, {"entity": "after 2 am", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [53, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a reasonably price japanese restaurant downtown", "entity": [{"entity": "reasonably", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "japanese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [48, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a restaurant open till midnight near west bridgewater with really friendly service", "entity": [{"entity": "open till midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "near west bridgewater", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [41, 62]}, {"entity": "really friendly service", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [68, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a restaurant that opens 24 hours", "entity": [{"entity": "opens 24 hours", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [27, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is a romantic place to get a sub near here", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic place", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "sub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "near", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is an italian restaurant with outdoor seating", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "outdoor seating", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is an italos bakery along this route that has waterfront dining", "entity": [{"entity": "italos bakery", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [12, 25]}, {"entity": "along this route", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "waterfront dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [52, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is charlotte nc", "entity": [{"entity": "charlotte nc", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [9, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is dominos", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is dominos pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "dominos pizza", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is good ethnic food", "entity": [{"entity": "ethnic", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [14, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is ii moro", "entity": [{"entity": "ii moro", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 16]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is jack in the box", "entity": [{"entity": "jack in the box", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is long john silvers", "entity": [{"entity": "long john silvers", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is p f changs", "entity": [{"entity": "p f changs", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is pizza express", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza express", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is roosevelts restaurant and sin in framingham", "entity": [{"entity": "roosevelts restaurant and sin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 38]}, {"entity": "framingham", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [42, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is some good outdoor dining", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "outdoor dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is sportsway bar at melrose", "entity": [{"entity": "sportsway bar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "melrose", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is station donuts", "entity": [{"entity": "station donuts", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is subway", "entity": [{"entity": "subway", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is that restaurant where you can order burgers and fries and watch a movie while you eat", "entity": [{"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [45, 52]}, {"entity": "fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "watch a movie", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [67, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the apple store in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "apple store", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best italian food in the city", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "in the city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [31, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best korean bbq", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "korean bbq", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best mediterranean restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "mediterranean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best rated fast food establishment", "entity": [{"entity": "best rated", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 23]}, {"entity": "fast food", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [24, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the best reviewed place to get a burger and fries near beacon hill", "entity": [{"entity": "best reviewed", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "burger and fries", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [42, 58]}, {"entity": "near beacon hill", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the cheapest place to eat nearest to me", "entity": [{"entity": "cheapest", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [13, 21]}, {"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest 5 star restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest apple bees", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "apple bees", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest chillis to my current location", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "chillis", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "my current location", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [32, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest fine dining restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "fine dining", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest happy hour", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest international brownie", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "international brownie", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest jimmie johns", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "jimmie johns", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest non smoking restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "non smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest pizza hut", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "pizza hut", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest place to get cheap potatoes", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "cheap", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [34, 39]}, {"entity": "potatoes", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [40, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest place to get pizza", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest red robin", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "red robin", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest restaurant that serves chinese food", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [44, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest sub or sandwich shop that serves gyros", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "sub", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "sandwich", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [28, 36]}, {"entity": "gyros", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [54, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest sushi bars to my zip code", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "sushi bars", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "my zip code", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [35, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest tgi fridays", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "tgi fridays", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the closest tim hortons restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "tim hortons restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the different locations of taco bell", "entity": [{"entity": "taco bell", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [36, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest 4 star restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "4 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest asia express restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "asia express restaurant", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest bar with dinning located", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 24]}, {"entity": "dinning", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest burger place", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "burger", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest casual restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "casual", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest chinese restaurant with more than 3 stars that is under 10 an entree", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "more than 3 stars", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "under 10", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [71, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest family restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "family", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest ice cream shop", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "ice cream", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest kosher restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "kosher", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest mexican restaurant open late for dinner", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [40, 49]}, {"entity": "dinner", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [54, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest napoli pizzeria", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "napoli pizzeria", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest place i can get a smoothie", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "smoothie", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [39, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest place that serves nachos", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "nachos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [39, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest place with a dining patio", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "dining patio", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest place within 5 miles that has a game room for kids", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "within 5 miles", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 41]}, {"entity": "game room for kids", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [53, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest restaurant that allows indoor smoking", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "indoor smoking", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [44, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest restaurant that serves hush puppies", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "hush puppies", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest restaurant that serves steak", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [44, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest restaurant with a casual kid friendly atmosphere", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "casual kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest shell gas station", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest sushi bar", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "sushi bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest take out chinese restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "take out", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "chinese", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest tapas restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "tapas", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest thai restaurant that serves breakfast in alston", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "thai", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "alston", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [62, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest tomacchios with patio seating located", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "tomacchios", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "patio seating", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the nearest uptown espresso", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest uptown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 27]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the next mcdonald", "entity": [{"entity": "next", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [13, 17]}, {"entity": "mcdonald", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the place with byob 2 miles from here", "entity": [{"entity": "byob", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "2 miles from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the reading station coffee depot on norfolk ave do they serve breakfast", "entity": [{"entity": "reading station coffee depot", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 41]}, {"entity": "norfolk ave", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [45, 56]}, {"entity": "breakfast", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [71, 80]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is the sportsway bar in melrose", "entity": [{"entity": "sportsway bar", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [13, 26]}, {"entity": "melrose", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 37]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is there a fatz with interesting people around", "entity": [{"entity": "fatz", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "interesting people", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is there a good mid priced restaurant near 4 th street that serves appetizers", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "mid", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [22, 25]}, {"entity": "near 4 th street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "appetizers", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is there a great steak near here that has a buffet", "entity": [{"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "buffet", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where is wing stop", "entity": [{"entity": "wing stop", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [9, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where should we go to get some great food", "entity": [{"entity": "great", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [31, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "where there a restaurant located within 1 mile from here", "entity": [{"entity": "within 1 mile from here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres a good place to get tacos near central park", "entity": [{"entity": "tacos", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "near central park", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres a kid friendly diner thats within an hour of here", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [9, 21]}, {"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [22, 27]}, {"entity": "within", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "hour of here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres closest mcdonalds", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [7, 14]}, {"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [15, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres papa johns", "entity": [{"entity": "papa johns", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [7, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the best korean restaurant in the area", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [11, 15]}, {"entity": "korean", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 22]}, {"entity": "in the area", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [34, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the closes chicken place", "entity": [{"entity": "closes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "chicken", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [18, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the closest 5 star restaurant located", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "5 star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the closest bar", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "bar", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the closest pizza place", "entity": [{"entity": "closest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the italian restaurant downtown thats open until midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "downtown", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 38]}, {"entity": "open until midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [45, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the local el penllo arriba peru", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "el penllo arriba peru", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [17, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the local soup and sandwich joint", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "soup and sandwich", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [17, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest french place to eat", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "french", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest italian restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest pizza restaurant to the amc white flint movie theater", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "amc white flint movie theater", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [43, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest restaurant", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest restaurant with a 3 star rating or better that serves a hamburger for under five dollars", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "3 star rating or better", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [37, 60]}, {"entity": "hamburger", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [75, 84]}, {"entity": "under five dollars", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [89, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the nearest restaurant with a childrens menu", "entity": [{"entity": "nearest", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "childrens menu", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "wheres the serborn inn located", "entity": [{"entity": "serborn inn", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [11, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which authentic mexican restaurants offer complementary chips and salsa", "entity": [{"entity": "authentic mexican", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [6, 23]}, {"entity": "complementary chips and salsa", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [42, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which five star italian restaurants in manattan have the best reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "five star", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [6, 15]}, {"entity": "italian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [16, 23]}, {"entity": "manattan", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [39, 47]}, {"entity": "best reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [57, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which local restaurant serves only seafood", "entity": [{"entity": "local", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "only", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "seafood", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [35, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which nearby restaurant serves the best steak", "entity": [{"entity": "nearby", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [35, 39]}, {"entity": "steak", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which parks are kid friendly", "entity": [{"entity": "kid friendly", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [16, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which pizza places will deliver to me", "entity": [{"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "deliver", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which places serve large portions", "entity": [{"entity": "large portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [19, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant can i get to within 5 minutes which serves healthy portions", "entity": [{"entity": "within 5 minutes", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [30, 46]}, {"entity": "healthy portions", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [60, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant has a better rating on yelp sakura or fuji ya", "entity": [{"entity": "better rating", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "sakura", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [45, 51]}, {"entity": "fuji ya", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [55, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant has a smoking section", "entity": [{"entity": "smoking section", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant has fried pickles for appetizers", "entity": [{"entity": "fried pickles", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [21, 34]}, {"entity": "appetizers", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [39, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant in my city has the highest reviews", "entity": [{"entity": "my city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "highest reviews", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [36, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurant is open late and has good prices on espressos", "entity": [{"entity": "open late", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [20, 29]}, {"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [38, 42]}, {"entity": "espressos", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [53, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants are considered vegetarian in my city", "entity": [{"entity": "vegetarian", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "in my city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants are open after midnight on a wednesday", "entity": [{"entity": "open after midnight on a wednesday", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [22, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants around my city have the best deserts", "entity": [{"entity": "around my city", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "deserts", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants have playgrounds in them", "entity": [{"entity": "playgrounds", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [23, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants near here are open till midnight", "entity": [{"entity": "near here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "open till midnight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [32, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants offer outdoor dining", "entity": [{"entity": "outdoor dining", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [24, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which restaurants serving grass fed beef steaks have the best prices", "entity": [{"entity": "grass fed beef steaks", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [26, 47]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [57, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "which tim hortons is closest to detroit", "entity": [{"entity": "tim hortons", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [6, 17]}, {"entity": "closest to detroit", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "whixh restaurant has delivery in washington court for a reasonable price", "entity": [{"entity": "delivery", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "washington court", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "reasonable", "entity_type": "Price", "pos": [56, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who has good burgers around here", "entity": [{"entity": "good", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [13, 20]}, {"entity": "around here", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who has happy hour right now", "entity": [{"entity": "happy hour", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "right now", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [19, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who has the best lobster in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "lobster", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [25, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who has the best pizza that takes credit cards", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 16]}, {"entity": "pizza", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "credit cards", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [34, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who has the best selection of micro brew and imported beers", "entity": [{"entity": "best selection", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [12, 26]}, {"entity": "micro brew", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [30, 40]}, {"entity": "imported beers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [45, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who makes the absolute best sausage", "entity": [{"entity": "absolute best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "sausage", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [28, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who makes the best burgers in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "burgers", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [27, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who makes the best chicken wings in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [14, 18]}, {"entity": "chicken wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "in town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [33, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who serves cali food", "entity": [{"entity": "cali", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [11, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who serves the best wings in this town", "entity": [{"entity": "who serves", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [15, 19]}, {"entity": "wings", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "in this town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [26, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "who will give me the best priced party subs in town", "entity": [{"entity": "best", "entity_type": "Rating", "pos": [21, 25]}, {"entity": "party subs", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "town", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [47, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "will i be able to find a romantic restaurant for my date tonight", "entity": [{"entity": "romantic", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "tonight", "entity_type": "Hours", "pos": [57, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "will waffle house accept a prepaid visa gift card", "entity": [{"entity": "waffle house", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "prepaid visa gift card", "entity_type": "Amenity", "pos": [27, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yes please get me mcdonalds phone number in patchogue new york", "entity": [{"entity": "mcdonalds", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [18, 27]}, {"entity": "patchogue new york", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [44, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yes the new diner on south street please", "entity": [{"entity": "diner", "entity_type": "Cuisine", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "south street", "entity_type": "Location", "pos": [21, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "yes we need some chicken for our new diet so chik fa lay it is", "entity": [{"entity": "chicken", "entity_type": "Dish", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "chik fa lay", "entity_type": "Restaurant Name", "pos": [45, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/train.json b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/train.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef3eefed11e099c7cfc77b05d30e8df426cc755d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/mit-restaurant/train.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:ff0d890c087510b34eb9e324f5384ee5fb579f072b728ec67f8bd235ca6b4341
+size 1739800
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/ncbi/dev.json b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/dev.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb978c8732c4014212e07ea3f5aec80a54204dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/dev.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:20b32a50eae50d5ecd8d175ff17fc8ae707af67e28a3896405e45852a30cd0cf
+size 232874
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/ncbi/schema.json b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45af93bc887fc2829e55de32dd6c0b6515934251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+["Disease"]
+[]
+{}
diff --git a/IE-en/NER/ncbi/test.json b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9ac5713efae21e1816403858014c00026fa4b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IE-en/NER/ncbi/test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+{"text": "Clustering of missense mutations in the ataxia - telangiectasia gene in a sporadic T - cell leukaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 63]}, {"entity": "sporadic T - cell leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) is a recessive multi - system disorder caused by mutations in the ATM gene at 11q22 - q23 ( ref . 3 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 31]}, {"entity": "recessive multi - system disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk of cancer , especially lymphoid neoplasias , is substantially elevated in A - T patients and has long been associated with chromosomal instability .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 18]}, {"entity": "lymphoid neoplasias", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 51]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By analysing tumour DNA from patients with sporadic T - cell prolymphocytic leukaemia ( T - PLL ) , a rare clonal malignancy with similarities to a mature T - cell leukaemia seen in A - T , we demonstrate a high frequency of ATM mutations in T - PLL .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "sporadic T - cell prolymphocytic leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 85]}, {"entity": "T - PLL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 95]}, {"entity": "clonal malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 124]}, {"entity": "mature T - cell leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 173]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 187]}, {"entity": "T - PLL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [242, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In marked contrast to the ATM mutation pattern in A - T , the most frequent nucleotide changes in this leukaemia were missense mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These clustered in the region corresponding to the kinase domain , which is highly conserved in ATM - related proteins in mouse , yeast and Drosophila .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting amino - acid substitutions are predicted to interfere with ATP binding or substrate recognition .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of seventeen mutated T - PLL samples had a previously reported A - T allele .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - PLL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , no mutations were detected in the p53 gene , suggesting that this tumour suppressor is not frequently altered in this leukaemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 86]}, {"entity": "leukaemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occasional missense mutations in ATM were also found in tumour DNA from patients with B - cell non - Hodgkins lymphomas ( B - NHL ) and a B - NHL cell line .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "B - cell non - Hodgkins lymphomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 119]}, {"entity": "B - NHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [122, 129]}, {"entity": "B - NHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The evidence of a significant proportion of loss - of - function mutations and a complete absence of the normal copy of ATM in the majority of mutated tumours establishes somatic inactivation of this gene in the pathogenesis of sporadic T - PLL and suggests that ATM acts as a tumour suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "sporadic T - PLL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 244]}, {"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [277, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As constitutional DNA was not available , a putative hereditary predisposition to T - PLL will require further investigation . .", "entity": [{"entity": "T - PLL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase is involved in the modulation of the Ca2 + homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) , the most prevalent muscular disorder in adults , is caused by ( CTG ) n - repeat expansion in a gene encoding a protein kinase ( DM protein kinase ; DMPK ) and involves changes in cytoarchitecture and ion homeostasis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "muscular disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 64]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To obtain clues to the normal biological role of DMPK in cellular ion homeostasis , we have compared the resting [ Ca2 + ] i , the amplitude and shape of depolarization - induced Ca2 + transients , and the content of ATP - driven ion pumps in cultured skeletal muscle cells of wild - type and DMPK [ - / - ] knockout mice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In vitro - differentiated DMPK [ - / - ] myotubes exhibit a higher resting [ Ca2 + ] i than do wild - type myotubes because of an altered open probability of voltage - dependent l - type Ca2 + and Na + channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutant myotubes exhibit smaller and slower Ca2 + responses upon triggering by acetylcholine or high external K + .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we observed that these Ca2 + transients partially result from an influx of extracellular Ca2 + through the l - type Ca2 + channel .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither the content nor the activity of Na + / K + ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + - ATPase are affected by DMPK absence .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our data suggest that DMPK is involved in modulating the initial events of excitation - contraction coupling in skeletal muscle . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "unilateral retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma , tumor development is initiated by somatic inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "unilateral retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 56]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , some of these patients can transmit retinoblastoma predisposition to their offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine the frequency and nature of constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma , we analyzed DNA from peripheral blood and from tumor tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "unilateral retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 128]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The analysis of tumors from 54 ( 71 % ) of 76 informative patients showed loss of constitutional heterozygosity ( LOH ) at intragenic loci .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three of 13 uninformative patients had constitutional deletions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For 39 randomly selected tumors , SSCP , hetero - duplex analysis , sequencing , and Southern blot analysis were used to identify mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations were detected in 21 ( 91 % ) of 23 tumors with LOH .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 6 ( 38 % ) of 16 tumors without LOH , one mutation was detected , and in 9 ( 56 % ) of the tumors without LOH , both mutations were found .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 26]}, {"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a total of 45 mutations were identified in tumors of 36 patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - nine of the mutations - including 34 small mutations , 2 large structural alterations , and hypermethylation in 3 tumors - were not detected in the corresponding peripheral blood DNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 6 ( 17 % ) of the 36 patients , a mutation was detected in constitutional DNA , and 1 of these mutations is known to be associated with reduced expressivity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of a constitutional mutation was not associated with an early age at treatment .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 1 patient , somatic mosaicism was demonstrated by molecular analysis of DNA and RNA from peripheral blood .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In 2 patients without a detectable mutation in peripheral blood , mosaicism was suggested because 1 of the patients showed multifocal tumors and the other later developed bilateral retinoblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "bilateral retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In conclusion , our results emphasize that the manifestation and transmissibility of retinoblastoma depend on the nature of the first mutation , its time in development , and the number and types of cells that are affected . .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement in man .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical , immunochemical , and family studies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first recognized human kindred with hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement ( C5 ) is described .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proband , a 20 - year - old black female with systemic lupus erythematosus since age 11 , lacked serum hemolytic complement activity , even during remission .", "entity": [{"entity": "systemic lupus erythematosus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C5 was undetectable in her serum by both immunodiffusion and hemolytic assays .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other complement components were normal during remission of lupus , but C1 , C4 , C2 , and C3 levels fell during exacerbations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A younger half - sister , who had no underlying disease , was also found to lack immunochemically detectable C5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By hemolytic assay , she exhibited 1 - 2 % of the normal serum C5 level and normal concentrations of other complement components .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C5 levels of other family members were either normal or approximately half - normal , consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance of the gene determining C5 deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "C5 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Normal hemolytic titers were restored to both homozygous C5 - deficient ( C5D ) sera by addition of highly purified human C5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "C5 - deficient", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "C5D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In specific C5 titrations , however , it was noted that when limited amounts of C5 were assayed in the presence of low dilutions of either C5D serum , curving rather than linear dose - response plots were consistently obtained , suggesting some inhibitory effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "C5D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further studies suggested that low dilutions of C5D serum contain a factor ( or factors ) interfering at some step in the hemolytic assay of C5 , rather than a true C5 inhibitor or inactivator .", "entity": [{"entity": "C5D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of clinical interest are ( a ) the documentation of membranous glomerulonephritis , vasculitis , and arthritis in an individual lacking C5 ( and its biologic functions ) , and ( b ) a remarkable propensity to bacterial infections in the proband , even during periods of low - dose or alternate - day corticosteroid therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "vasculitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 94]}, {"entity": "arthritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "bacterial infections", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [209, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Other observations indicate that the C5D state is compatible with normal coagulation function and the capacity to mount a neutrophilic leukocytosis during pyogenic infection . .", "entity": [{"entity": "C5D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "pyogenic infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins : the role of genes , HLA , and the environment .", "entity": [{"entity": "ankylosing spondylitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "OBJECTIVE To determine the relative effects of genetic and environmental factors in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ankylosing spondylitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 124]}, {"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS Twins with AS were identified from the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases database .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 21]}, {"entity": "Rheumatic Diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to establish diagnoses , and disease severity was assessed using a combination of validated scoring systems .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HLA typing for HLA - B27 , HLA - B60 , and HLA - DR1 was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence - specific primers , and zygosity was assessed using microsatellite markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic and environmental variance components were assessed with the program Mx , using data from this and previous studies of twins with AS .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS Six of 8 monozygotic ( MZ ) twin pairs were disease concordant , compared with 4 of 15 B27 - positive dizygotic ( DZ ) twin pairs ( 27 % ) and 4 of 32 DZ twin pairs overall ( 12 . 5 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsignificant increases in similarity with regard to age at disease onset and all of the disease severity scores assessed were noted in disease - concordant MZ twins compared with concordant DZ twins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HLA - B27 and B60 were associated with the disease in probands , and the rate of disease concordance was significantly increased among DZ twin pairs in which the co - twin was positive for both B27 and DR1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additive genetic effects were estimated to contribute 97 % of the population variance .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSION Susceptibility to AS is largely genetically determined , and the environmental trigger for the disease is probably ubiquitous .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HLA - B27 accounts for a minority of the overall genetic susceptibility to AS .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 proteins in discrete nuclear domains .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germ - line mutations of the BRCA1 gene predispose women to early - onset breast and ovarian cancer by compromising the genes presumptive function as a tumor suppressor .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast and ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 99]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the biochemical properties of BRCA1 polypeptides are not understood , their expression pattern and subcellular localization suggest a role in cell - cycle regulation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When resting cells are induced to proliferate , the steady - state levels of BRCA1 increase in late G1 and reach a maximum during S phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , in S phase cells , BRCA1 polypeptides are hyperphosphorylated and accumulate into discrete subnuclear foci termed \" BRCA1 nuclear dots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "\" BRCA1 associates in vivo with a structurally related protein termed BARD1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we show that the steady - state levels of BARD1 , unlike those of BRCA1 , remain relatively constant during cell cycle progression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , immunostaining revealed that BARD1 resides within BRCA1 nuclear dots during S phase of the cell cycle , but not during the G1 phase .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nevertheless , BARD1 polypeptides are found exclusively in the nuclear fractions of both G1 - and S - phase cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Therefore , progression to S phase is accompanied by the aggregation of nuclear BARD1 polypeptides into BRCA1 nuclear dots .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 indicates a role for BARD1 in BRCA1 - mediated tumor suppression .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ethnic differences in the HFE codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies have shown that hereditary hemochromatosis ( HH ) is likely to be caused by homozygosity for a Cys282Tyr mutation in the HFE gene located 4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 57]}, {"entity": "HH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 Mb telomeric to HLA - A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Population studies of this polymorphism are facilitated by the fact that the Cys282Tyr mutation creates a Rsal restriction site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied the codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism in different ethnic groups .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In agreement with previous observations the Tyr allele appeared to be rare or absent in Asiatic ( Indian , Chinese ) populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The highest allele frequency ( 7 . 5 % ) was found in Swedes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Saamis ( 2 % ) and Mordvinians ( 1 . 8 % ) had significantly lower frequencies of the Tyr allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparisons with allele frequencies based on prevalence estimates of HH showed some disagreements with the RFLP data , particularly in Finns .", "entity": [{"entity": "HH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The newly described HFE marker provides a new approach to the screening of HH as well as studies of the relationship between the HFE Tyr allele and different disorders including cancer", "entity": [{"entity": "HH", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus associated with a missense mutation encoding Gly23 - - > Val in neurophysin II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus ( ADNDI ) is an inherited disease caused by progressive degeneration of the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus leading to decreased ability to produce the hormone arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 54]}, {"entity": "ADNDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 62]}, {"entity": "inherited disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Affected individuals are not symptomatic at birth , but usually develop diabetes insipidus at 1 - 6 yr of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genetic locus of the disease is the AVP - neurophysin II ( NPII ) gene , and mutations that cause ADNDI have been found in both the signal peptide of the prepro - AVP - NPII precursor and within NPII itself .", "entity": [{"entity": "ADNDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An affected girl who presented at 9 months of age and her similarly affected younger brother and father were all found to have a novel missense mutation ( G1758 - - > T ) encoding the amino acid substitution Gly23 - - > Val within NPII .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A T1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the fathers pituitary gland demonstrates an attenuated posterior pituitary bright spot .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutation may be valuable for developing models of dominantly inherited neurodegeneration , as the early age of onset of symptoms suggests that this mutation may be particularly deleterious to the magnocellular neuron . .", "entity": [{"entity": "dominantly inherited neurodegeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Frequent inactivation of PTEN / MMAC1 in primary prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sporadic prostate carcinoma is the most common male cancer in the Western world , yet many of the major genetic events involved in the progression of this often fatal cancer remain to be elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sporadic prostate carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 27]}, {"entity": "male cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Numerous cytogenetic and allelotype studies have reported frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal arm 10q in sporadic prostate cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "sporadic prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion mapping studies have unambiguously identified a region of chromosome 10q23 to be the minimal area of loss .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A new tumor suppressor gene , PTEN / MMAC1 , was isolated recently at this region of chromosome 10q23 and found to be inactivated by mutation in three prostate cancer cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We screened 80 prostate tumors by microsatellite analysis and found chromosome 10q23 to be deleted in 23 cases .", "entity": [{"entity": "prostate tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 30]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We then proceeded with sequence analysis of the entire PTEN / MMAC1 coding region and tested for homozygous deletion with new intragenic markers in these 23 cases with 10q23 loss of heterozygosity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of the second mutational event in 10 ( 43 % ) tumors establishes PTEN / MMAC1 as a main inactivation target of 10q loss in sporadic prostate cancer . .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "sporadic prostate cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk reversals in predictive testing for Huntington disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huntington disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first predictive testing for Huntington disease ( HD ) was based on analysis of linked polymorphic DNA markers to estimate the likelihood of inheriting the mutation for HD .", "entity": [{"entity": "Huntington disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 51]}, {"entity": "HD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "HD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Limits to accuracy included recombination between the DNA markers and the mutation , pedigree structure , and whether DNA samples were available from family members .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "With direct tests for the HD mutation , we have assessed the accuracy of results obtained by linkage approaches when requested to do so by the test individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "HD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "For six such individuals , there was significant disparity between the tests .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three went from a decreased risk to an increased risk , while in another three the risk was decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Knowledge of the potential reasons for these changes in results and impact of these risk reversals on both patients and the counseling team can assist in the development of strategies for the prevention and , where necessary , management of a risk reversal in any predictive testing program . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel common missense mutation G301C in the N - acetylgalactosamine - 6 - sulfate sulfatase gene in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucopolysaccharidosis IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA ( MPS IVA ) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a genetic defect in N - acetylgalactosamine - 6 - sulfate sulfatase ( GALNS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 90]}, {"entity": "genetic defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In previous studies , we have found two common mutations in Caucasians and Japanese , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To characterize the mutational spectrum in various ethnic groups , mutations in the GALNS gene in Colombian MPS IVA patients were investigated , and genetic backgrounds were extensively analyzed to identify racial origin , based on mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) lineages .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three novel missense mutations never identified previously in other populations and found in 16 out of 19 Colombian MPS IVA unrelated alleles account for 84 .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 % of the alleles in this study .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The G301C and S162F mutations account for 68 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 % and 10 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 % of mutations , respectively , whereas the remaining F69V is limited to a single allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The skewed prevalence of G301C in only Colombian patients and haplotype analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the GALNS gene suggest that G301C originated from a common ancestor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Investigation of the genetic background by means of mtDNA lineages indicate that all our patients are probably of native American descent", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low frequency of BRCA1 germline mutations in 45 German breast / ovarian cancer families .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study we investigated 45 German breast / ovarian cancer families for germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified four germline mutations in three breast cancer families and in one breast - ovarian cancer family . among these were one frameshift mutation , one nonsense mutation , one novel splice site mutation , and one missense mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "breast - ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The missense mutation was also found in 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "8 % of the general population , suggesting that it is not disease associated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The average age of disease onset in those families harbouring causative mutations was between 32 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 and 37 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 years , whereas the family harbouring the missense mutation had an average age of onset of 51 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings show that BRCA1 is implicated in a small fraction of breast / ovarian cancer families suggesting the involvement of another susceptibility gene ( s )", "entity": [{"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Paternal transmission of congenital myotonic dystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a rare case of paternally transmitted congenital myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 77]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The proband is a 23 year old , mentally retarded male who suffers severe muscular weakness .", "entity": [{"entity": "mentally retarded", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 48]}, {"entity": "muscular weakness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "He presented with respiratory and feeding difficulties at birth .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His two sibs suffer from childhood onset DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Their late father had the adult type of DM , with onset around 30 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only six other cases of paternal transmission of congenital DM have been reported recently .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We review the sex related effects on transmission of congenital DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Decreased fertility of males with adult onset DM and contraction of the repeat upon male transmission contribute to the almost absent occurrence of paternal transmission of congenital DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 48]}, {"entity": "congenital DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Also the fathers of the reported congenitally affected children showed , on average , shorter CTG repeat lengths and hence less severe clinical symptoms than the mothers of children with congenital DM .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that paternal transmission of congenital DM is rare and preferentially occurs with onset of DM past 30 years in the father . .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RB1 gene mutation in a child with ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The RB1 gene mutation was investigated in a child with ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma using DNA obtained from both the pineal and retinal tumours of the patient .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 90]}, {"entity": "pineal and retinal tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A nonsense mutation in exon 17 ( codon 556 ) of the RB1 gene was found to be present homozygously in both the retinal and the pineal tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinal and the pineal tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The same mutation was present heterozygously in the DNA from the constitutional cells of the patient , proving it to be of germline origin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The initial mutation was shown to have occurred in the paternally derived RB1 allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation is in an area of the gene that encodes the protein - binding region known as the pocket region and has been detected in other cases of retinoblastoma . .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 162]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Low levels of beta hexosaminidase A in healthy individuals with apparent deficiency of this enzyme .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Appreciable beta hexosaminidase A ( hex A ) activity has been detected in cultured skin fibroblasts and melanoma tissue from healthy individuals previously reported as having deficiency of hex A activity indistinguishable from that of patients with Tay - Sachs disease ( TSD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "deficiency of hex A", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 194]}, {"entity": "Tay - Sachs disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [249, 268]}, {"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [271, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification and quantitation of hex A , amounting to 3 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 % - 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "9 % of total beta hexosaminidase activity , has been obtained by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis , DEAE - cellulose ion - exchange chromatography , radial immunodiffusion , and radioimmunoassay .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous family studies suggested that these individuals may be compound heterozygotes for the common mutant TSD gene and a rare ( allelic ) mutant gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the postulated rate mutant gene appears to code for the expression of low amounts of hex A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterozygotes for the rare mutant may be indistinguishable from heterozygotes for the common TSD mutant .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , direct visualization and quantitation of hex A by the methods described may prevent false - positive prenatal diagnosis of TSD in fetuses having the incomplete hex A deficiency of the type described in the four healthy individuals", "entity": [{"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [133, 136]}, {"entity": "hex A deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumor suppressor gene Smad4 / Dpc4 is required for gastrulation and later for anterior development of the mouse embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 9]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the SMAD4 / DPC4 tumor suppressor gene , a key signal transducer in most TGFbeta - related pathways , are involved in 50 % of pancreatic cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "pancreatic cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Homozygous Smad4 mutant mice die before day 7 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 of embryogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutant embryos have reduced size , fail to gastrulate or express a mesodermal marker , and show abnormal visceral endoderm development .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Growth retardation of the Smad4 - deficient embryos results from reduced cell proliferation rather than increased apoptosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Growth retardation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aggregation of mutant Smad4 ES cells with wild - type tetraploid morulae rescues the gastrulation defect .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrulation defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that Smad4 is initially required for the differentiation of the visceral endoderm and that the gastrulation defect in the epiblast is secondary and non - cell autonomous .", "entity": [{"entity": "gastrulation defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Rescued embryos show severe anterior truncations , indicating a second important role for Smad4 in anterior patterning during embryogenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence of p16 and CDK4 germline mutations in 48 melanoma - prone families in France .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The French Familial Melanoma Study Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Familial Melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germline mutations in the p16 and CDK4 genes have been reported in a subset of melanoma pedigrees , but their prevalence is not well known .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We searched for such germline mutations in 48 French melanoma - prone families selected according to two major criteria families with at least three affected members ( n = 20 ) or families with two affected members , one of them affected before the age of 50 ( n = 28 ) , and one additional minor criterion .", "entity": [{"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sixteen different p16 germline mutations were found in 21 families , while one germline mutation , Arg24His , was detected in the CDK4 gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequency of p16 gene mutation in our sample ( 44 % ) is among the highest rates yet reported and the CDK4 mutation is the second mutation detected in this gene worldwide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In summary , our results show frequent involvement of the p16 gene in familial melanoma and confirm the role of the CDK4 gene as a melanoma - predisposing gene . .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 87]}, {"entity": "melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Progression of somatic CTG repeat length heterogeneity in the blood cells of myotonic dystrophy patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genetic basis of myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) is the expansion of an unstable CTG repeat in the 34 UTR of the DM protein kinase gene on chromosome 19 .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 39]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 44]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of the principal features of the DM mutation is an extraordinarily high level of somatic mosaicism , due to an extremely high degree of somatic instability both within and between different tissues .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This instability appears to be biased towards further expansion and continuous throughout the life of an individual , features that could be associated with the progressive nature of the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although increasing measured allele size between patients clearly correlates with an increased severity of symptoms and an earlier age of onset , this correlation is not precise and measured allele length cannot be used as an accurate predictor of age of onset .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to further characterize the dynamics of DM CTG repeat somatic instability , we have studied repeat length changes over time in 111 myotonic dystrophy patients with varying clinical severity and CTG repeat size over time intervals of 1 - 7 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 51]}, {"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found a direct progression of the size heterogeneity over time related to initial CTG repeat size and the time interval and always biased towards further expansion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attempts to mathematically model the dynamics have proved only partially successful suggesting that individual specific genetic and / or environmental factors also play a role in somatic mosaicism . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspartylglucosaminuria among Palestinian Arabs .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Aspartylglucosaminuria ( AGU ) is a rare disorder of glycoprotein metabolism caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme aspartylglucosaminidase ( AGA ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aspartylglucosaminuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "AGU", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "disorder of glycoprotein metabolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [41, 76]}, {"entity": "deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme aspartylglucosaminidase", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AGU is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and occurs with a high frequency in Finland because of a founder effect .", "entity": [{"entity": "AGU", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While very few patients with AGU have been reported from non - Finnish origin , we diagnosed the disorder in 8 patients originating from 3 unrelated families , all Palestinian Arabs from the region of Jerusalem .", "entity": [{"entity": "AGU", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The clinical diagnosis of AGU is often difficult , in particular early in the course of the disease , and most of the patients are diagnosed after the age of 5 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "AGU", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , since these patients excrete early large amounts of aspartylglucosamine in urine , biochemical screening is easy by urine chromatography . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Detection of heterozygous carriers of the ataxia - telangiectasia ( ATM ) gene by G2 phase chromosomal radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) patients , mutations in a single gene , ATM , result in an autosomal recessive syndrome that embraces a variety of clinical features and manifests extreme radiosensitivity and a strong pre - disposition to malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 26]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "autosomal recessive syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 124]}, {"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterozygotes for the ATM gene have no clinical expression of A - T but may be cancer prone with a moderate increase in in vitro radiosensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 67]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed a blind chromosomal analysis on G2 - phase lymphocytes from 7 unrelated A - T patients , 13 obligate A - T heterozygotes ( parents of the patients ) , and 14 normal controls following X - irradiation with 1 Gy in order to evaluate this cytogenetic method as a tool for detection of ATM carriers .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 90]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both A - T homozygotes and heterozygotes showed significantly increased levels of radiation - induced chromatid damage relative to that of normal controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [5, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results show that the G2 - phase chromosomal radiosensitivity assay can be used for the detection of A - T heterozygotes .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In combination with molecular genetic analyses , this test may be of value in studies of familial and sporadic cancers aimed at determination of the potential involvement of ATM mutations in tumor risk or development . .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial and sporadic cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 118]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ataxia - telangiectasia : identification and detection of founder - effect mutations in the ATM gene in ethnic populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To facilitate the evaluation of ATM heterozygotes for susceptibility to other diseases , such as breast cancer , we have attempted to define the most common mutations and their frequencies in ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) homozygotes from 10 ethnic populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [192, 215]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [218, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both genomic mutations and their effects on cDNA were characterized .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Protein - truncation testing of the entire ATM cDNA detected 92 ( 66 % ) truncating mutations in 140 mutant alleles screened .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The haplotyping of patients with identical mutations indicates that almost all of these represent common ancestry and that very few spontaneously recurring ATM mutations exist .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Assays requiring minimal amounts of genomic DNA were designed to allow rapid screening for common ethnic mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These rapid assays detected mutations in 76 % of Costa Rican patients ( 3 ) , 50 % of Norwegian patients ( 1 ) , 25 % of Polish patients ( 4 ) , and 14 % of Italian patients ( 1 ) , as well as in patients of Amish / Mennonite and Irish English backgrounds .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional mutations were observed in Japanese , Utah Mormon , and African American patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These assays should facilitate screening for A - T heterozygotes in the populations studied . .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The von Hippel - Lindau tumor suppressor gene is required for cell cycle exit upon serum withdrawal .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Hippel - Lindau tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The inactivation of the von Hippel - Lindau ( VHL ) tumor suppressor gene predisposes affected individuals to the human VHL cancer syndrome and is associated with sporadic renal cell carcinomas ( RCC ) and brain hemangioblastomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Hippel - Lindau ( VHL ) tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 57]}, {"entity": "VHL cancer syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "sporadic renal cell carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 193]}, {"entity": "RCC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [196, 199]}, {"entity": "brain hemangioblastomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [206, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "VHL - negative 786 - 0 RCC cells are tumorigenic in nude mice which is suppressed by the reintroduction of VHL .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 26]}, {"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Remarkably , this occurs without affecting the growth rate and cell cycle profile of these cells in culture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 786 - 0 cell line , like many cancer cells , fails to exit the cell cycle upon serum withdrawal .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , it is shown that reintroduction of the wild - type VHL gene restores the ability of VHL - negative RCC cancer cells to exit the cell cycle and enter G0 / quiescence in low serum .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 61]}, {"entity": "RCC cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both VHL - positive and VHL - negative RCC cells exit the cell cycle by contact inhibition .", "entity": [{"entity": "RCC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor , p27 , accumulates upon serum withdrawal , only in the presence of VHL , as a result of the stabilization of the protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that the loss of wild - type VHL gene results in a specific cellular defect in serum - dependent growth control , which may initiate tumor formation .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This is corrected by the reintroduction of wild - type VHL , implicating VHL as the first tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of cell cycle exit , which is consistent with its gatekeeper function in the kidney . .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 58]}, {"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Piebaldism with deafness : molecular evidence for an expanded syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Piebaldism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "deafness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a South African girl of Xhosa stock with severe piebaldism and profound congenital sensorineural deafness we identified a novel missense substitution at a highly conserved residue in the intracellular kinase domain of the KIT proto - oncogene , R796G .", "entity": [{"entity": "piebaldism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 61]}, {"entity": "sensorineural deafness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Though auditory anomalies have been observed in mice with dominant white spotting ( W ) due to KIT mutations , deafness is not typical in human piebaldism .", "entity": [{"entity": "auditory anomalies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 25]}, {"entity": "deafness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "piebaldism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , the occurrence of sensorineural deafness in this patient extends considerably the phenotypic range of piebaldism due to KIT gene mutation in humans and tightens the clinical similarity between piebaldism and the various forms of Waardenburg syndrome . .", "entity": [{"entity": "sensorineural deafness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 47]}, {"entity": "piebaldism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 119]}, {"entity": "piebaldism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "Waardenburg syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [236, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cycloheximide facilitates the identification of aberrant transcripts resulting from a novel splice - site mutation in COL17A1 in a patient with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa often show decreased expression of type XVII collagen , a transmembrane hemidesmosomal protein encoded by COL17A1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This report documents a novel splice - site mutation in COL17A1 in a patient with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa , and applies a new methodology to define and characterize the resulting mRNA splice variants .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutational analysis of COL17A1 identified a maternally inherited G - to - T transversion at the - 1 position of exon 32 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This acceptor splice - site mutation led to the formation of aberrant transcripts present at extremely low levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on our recent finding that cycloheximide stabilized mutant COL17A1 transcripts in keratinocytes homozygous for a frameshift mutation , the effects of the splice - site mutation on splicing of COL17A1 transcripts were determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of total RNA from keratinocytes incubated for 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 h in the presence or absence of 10 microg cycloheximide per ml .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using this approach , an abnormally spliced transcript was identified that contains an extra 264 bases upstream from exon 32 , resulting in a premature termination codon 27 bp downstream from the cryptic splice site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three other splice variants , including one derived from the skipping of exon 32 , were also identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate the usefulness of cycloheximide treatment in evaluating the abnormal processing of mRNA due to splice - site mutations , because ( i ) aberrant splicing often generates a premature termination codon , ( ii ) transcripts with premature termination codons can occur at low or undetectable levels due to nonsense - mediated mRNA decay , and ( iii ) the levels of these transcripts can be increased by cycloheximide .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A deletion mutation in COL17A1 in five Austrian families with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa represents propagation of an ancestral allele .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa , a usually nonlethal form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa , have generalized blistering , nail dystrophy , patchy alopecia , and dental abnormalities .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 63]}, {"entity": "junctional epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 126]}, {"entity": "blistering", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 156]}, {"entity": "nail dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "patchy alopecia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 191]}, {"entity": "dental abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [198, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin fragility in most cases is due to mutations in the gene encoding type XVII collagen ( COL17A1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Skin fragility", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , we reported five Austrian families with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa who share the same COL17A1 mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Affected individuals in three families are homozygous for 4003delTC , whereas those in two others are compound heterozygotes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine if the occurrence of 4003delTC in these unrelated families signifies propagation of an ancestral allele or a mutational hot spot , haplotypes were determined for polymorphisms both within and flanking COL17A1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five intragenic polymorphisms were chosen based on their informativeness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One of these , not previously reported , was 2988 A or C that introduces a new restriction site for Eco0109 I .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the 4003delTC alleles showed the same haplotype for these five polymorphic markers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fourteen microsatellite polymorphisms were selected based on their high heterozygosity and their location within 10q23 - q25 near COL17A1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three families shared microsatellite polymorphisms covering at most 19 cM , whereas the others shared smaller regions consistent with cross - over events during passage of this mutation through several generations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results indicate that 4003delTC occurs on a single ancestral allele . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The haptoglobin - gene deletion responsible for anhaptoglobinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "anhaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found an allelic deletion of the haptoglobin ( Hp ) gene from an individual with anhaptoglobinemia .", "entity": [{"entity": "anhaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hp gene cluster consists of coding regions of the alpha chain and beta chain of the haptoglobin gene ( Hp ) and of the alpha chain and beta chain of the haptoglobin - related gene ( Hpr ) , in tandem from the 5 side .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot and PCR analyses have indicated that the individual with anhaptoglobinemia was homozygous for the gene deletion and that the gene deletion was included at least from the promoter region of Hp to Hpr alpha but not to Hpr beta ( Hpdel ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "anhaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we found seven individuals with hypohaptoglobinemia in three families , and the genotypes of six of the seven individuals were found to be Hp2 / Hpdel .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypohaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The phenotypes and genotypes in one of these three families showed the father to be hypohaptoglobinemic ( Hp2 ) and Hp2 / Hpdel , the mother to be Hp2 - 1 and Hp1 / Hp2 , one of the two children to be hypohaptoglobinemic ( Hp2 ) and Hp2 / Hpdel , and the other child to be Hp1 and Hp1 / Hpdel , showing an anomalous inheritance of Hp phenotypes in the child with Hp1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypohaptoglobinemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 103]}, {"entity": "hypohaptoglobinemic", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Hp2 / Hpdel individuals had an extremely low level of Hp ( mean + / - SD = 0 . 049 + / - 0 . 043 mg / ml ; n = 6 ) , compared with the level ( 1 . 64 + / - 1 . 07 mg / ml ) obtained from 52 healthy volunteers having phenotype Hp2 , whereas the serum Hp level of an individual with Hp1 / Hpdel was 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "50 mg / ml , which was approximately half the level of Hp in control sera from the Hp1 phenotype ( 1 . 26 + / - 0 . 33 mg / ml ; n = 9 ) , showing a gene - dosage effect .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other allele ( Hp2 ) of individuals with Hp2 / Hpdel was found to have , in all exons , no mutation , by DNA sequencing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the present study , the mechanism of anhaptoglobinemia and the mechanism of anomalous inheritance of Hp phenotypes were well explained .", "entity": [{"entity": "anhaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the mechanism of hypohaptoglobinemia remains unknown", "entity": [{"entity": "hypohaptoglobinemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATM mutations and phenotypes in ataxia - telangiectasia families in the British Isles : expression of mutant ATM and the risk of leukemia , lymphoma , and breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 137]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 148]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [155, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report the spectrum of 59 ATM mutations observed in ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) patients in the British Isles .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 51 ATM mutations identified in families native to the British Isles , 11 were founder mutations , and 2 of these 11 conferred a milder clinical phenotype with respect to both cerebellar degeneration and cellular features .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebellar degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 201]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report , in two A - T families , an ATM mutation ( 7271T - - > G ) that may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in both homozygotes and heterozygotes ( relative risk 12 . 7 ; P = . 0025 ) , although there is a less severe A - T phenotype in terms of the degree of cerebellar degeneration .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [243, 248]}, {"entity": "cerebellar degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [285, 308]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutation ( 7271T - - > G ) also allows expression of full - length ATM protein at a level comparable with that in unaffected individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , we have studied 18 A - T patients , in 15 families , who developed leukemia , lymphoma , preleukemic T - cell proliferation , or Hodgkin lymphoma , mostly in childhood .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 89]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 100]}, {"entity": "Hodgkin lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A wide variety of ATM mutation types , including missense mutations and in - frame deletions , were seen in these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that 25 % of all A - T patients carried in - frame deletions or missense mutations , many of which were also associated with expression of mutant ATM protein .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 35]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The DMPK gene of severely affected myotonic dystrophy patients is hypermethylated proximal to the largely expanded CTG repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Using methylation - sensitive restriction enzymes , we characterized the methylation pattern on the 5 side of the CTG repeat in the DMPK gene of normal individuals and of patients affected with myotonic dystrophy , showing expansions of the repetitive sequence .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene segment analyzed corresponds to the genomic SacI - HindIII fragment carrying exons 11 - 15 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is constitutive methylation in intron 12 at restriction sites of SacII and HhaI , localized 1 , 159 - 1 , 232 bp upstream of the CTG repeat , whereas most , if not all , of the other sites of SacII , HhaI , and HpaII in this region are unmethylated , in normal individuals and most of the patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a number of young and severely affected patients , however , complete methylation of these restriction sites was found in the mutated allele .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In most of these patients , the onset of the disease was congenital .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Preliminary in vivo footprinting data gave evidence for protein - DNA contact in normal genes at an Sp1 consensus binding site upstream of the CTG repeat and for a significant reduction of this interaction in cells with a hypermethylated DMPK gene . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemochromatosis gene product complexes with the transferrin receptor and lowers its affinity for ligand binding .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We recently reported the positional cloning of a candidate gene for hereditary hemochromatosis called HFE .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene product , a member of the major histocompatibility complex class I - like family , was found to have a mutation , Cys - 282 - - > Tyr ( C282Y ) , in 85 % of patient chromosomes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutation eliminates the ability of HFE to associate with beta2 - microglobulin ( beta2m ) and prevents cell - surface expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A second mutation that has no effect on beta2m association , H63D , was found in eight out of nine patients heterozygous for the C282Y mutant .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this report , we demonstrate in cultured 293 cells overexpressing wild - type or mutant HFE proteins that both the wild - type and H63D HFE proteins form stable complexes with the transferrin receptor ( TfR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C282Y mutation nearly completely prevents the association of the mutant HFE protein with the TfR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on cell - associated transferrin at 37 degrees C suggest that the overexpressed wild - type HFE protein decreases the affinity of the TfR for transferrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overexpressed H63D protein does not have this effect , providing the first direct evidence for a functional consequence of the H63D mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Addition of soluble wild - type HFE / beta2m heterodimers to cultured cells also decreased the apparent affinity of the TfR for its ligand under steady - state conditions , both in 293 cells and in HeLa cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , at 4 degrees C , the added soluble complex of HFE / beta2m inhibited binding of transferrin to HeLa cell TfR in a concentration - dependent manner .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Scatchard plots of these data indicate that the added heterodimer substantially reduced the affinity of TfR for transferrin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results establish a molecular link between HFE and a key protein involved in iron transport , the TfR , and raise the possibility that alterations in this regulatory mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis . .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic organization of the UBE3A / E6 - AP gene and related pseudogenes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The UBE3A gene encodes the E6 - AP ubiquitin - protein ligase and has recently been shown to be mutated in Angelman syndrome patients who lack 15q11 - q13 deletions or chromosome 15 paternal uniparental disomy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelman syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 124]}, {"entity": "uniparental disomy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous UBE3A cDNA analysis has shown a coding region of approximately 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 kb and a 3 - untranslated region ( UTR ) of < 50 bp , whereas Northern analysis has indicated mRNA sizes of 5 - 8 kb .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have analyzed additional cDNA clones and provide evidence for an additional 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 kb of 5 - UTR and > 2 kb of 3 - UTR .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have established the genomic organization of UBE3A and the sequence of intron - exon borders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also mapped two highly homologous processed pseudogenes , UBE3AP1 and UBE3AP2 , to chromosomes 2 and 21 , respectively , and determined their genomic organization .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results will form the basis for studies of mutation and imprinting of UBE3A .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation spectrum and genotype - phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan - Zonana syndrome , two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cowden disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 69]}, {"entity": "Bannayan - Zonana syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 100]}, {"entity": "hamartoma syndromes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tumour suppressor gene PTEN , which maps to 10q23 .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 10]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 and encodes a 403 amino acid dual specificity phosphatase ( protein tyrosine phosphatase ; PTPase ) , was shown recently to play a broad role in human malignancy .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [153, 163]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somatic PTEN deletions and mutations were observed in sporadic breast , brain , prostate and kidney cancer cell lines and in several primary tumours such as endometrial carcinomas , malignant melanoma and thyroid tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "sporadic breast , brain , prostate and kidney cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 106]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "endometrial carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 179]}, {"entity": "malignant melanoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 200]}, {"entity": "thyroid tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [205, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , PTEN was identified as the susceptibility gene for two hamartoma syndromes Cowden disease ( CD ; MIM 158350 ) and Bannayan - Zonana ( BZS ) or Ruvalcaba - Riley - Smith syndrome ( MIM 153480 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hamartoma syndromes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 88]}, {"entity": "Cowden disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 103]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 108]}, {"entity": "Bannayan - Zonana ( BZS ) or Ruvalcaba - Riley - Smith syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [128, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutive DNA from 37 CD families and seven BZS families was screened for germline PTEN mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "BZS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PTEN mutations were identified in 30 of 37 ( 81 % ) CD families , including missense and nonsense point mutations , deletions , insertions , a deletion / insertion and splice site mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutations were scattered over the entire length of PTEN , with the exception of the first , fourth and last exons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A hot spot for PTEN mutation in CD was identified in exon 5 that contains the PTPase core motif , with 13 of 30 ( 43 % ) CD mutations identified in this exon .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 34]}, {"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven of 30 ( 23 % ) were within the core motif , the majority ( five of seven ) of which were missense mutations , possibly pointing to the functional significance of this region .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germline PTEN mutations were identified in four of seven ( 57 % ) BZS families studied .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , none of these mutations was observed in the PTPase core motif .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is also worthy of note that a single nonsense point mutation , R233X , was observed in the germline DNA from two unrelated CD families and one BZS family .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 128]}, {"entity": "BZS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotype - phenotype studies were not performed on this small group of BZS families .", "entity": [{"entity": "BZS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , genotype - phenotype analysis inthe group of CD families revealed two possible associations worthy of follow - up in independent analyses .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first was an association noted in the group of CD families with breast disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 53]}, {"entity": "breast disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A correlation was observed between the presence / absence of a PTEN mutation and the type of breast involvement ( unaffected versus benign versus malignant ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Specifically and more directly , an association was also observed between the presence of a PTEN mutation and malignant breast disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "malignant breast disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Secondly , there appeared to be an interdependent association between mutations upstream and within the PTPase core motif , the core motif containing the majority of missense mutations , and the involvement of all major organ systems ( central nervous system , thyroid , breast , skin and gastrointestinal tract ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , these observations would need to be confirmed by studying a larger number of CD families .", "entity": [{"entity": "CD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular defects leading to human complement component C6 deficiency in an African - American family .", "entity": [{"entity": "complement component C6 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complement component C6 deficiency ( C6D ) was diagnosed in a 16 - year - old African - American male with meningococcal meningitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Complement component C6 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 34]}, {"entity": "C6D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 40]}, {"entity": "meningococcal meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patients father and two brothers also had C6D , but gave no history of meningitis or other neisserial infection .", "entity": [{"entity": "C6D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 49]}, {"entity": "meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "neisserial infection", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By using exon - specific polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) / single - strand conformation polymorphism as a screening step and nucleotide sequencing of target exons , we determined that the proband was a compound heterozygote for two C6 gene mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The first , 1195delC located in exon 7 , is a novel mutation , while the second , 1936delG in exon 12 , has been described before to cause C6D in an unrelated African - American individual .", "entity": [{"entity": "C6D", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both mutations result in premature termination codons and C6 null alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Allele - specific PCR indicated that the probands two brothers also inherited the 1195delC mutation from their heterozygous mother and the 1936delG mutation from their homozygous father . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAX6 mutations reviewed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in PAX6 are responsible for human aniridia and have also been found in patients with Peters anomaly , with congenital cataracts , with autosomal dominant keratitis , and with isolated foveal hypoplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 52]}, {"entity": "Peters anomaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 109]}, {"entity": "congenital cataracts", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [117, 137]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant keratitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 173]}, {"entity": "isolated foveal hypoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No locus other than chromosome 11p13 has been implicated in aniridia , and PAX6 is clearly the major , if not only , gene responsible .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Twenty - eight percent of identified PAX6 mutations are C - T changes at CpG dinucleotides , 20 % are splicing errors , and more than 30 % are deletion or insertion events .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a noticeably elevated level of mutation in the paired domain compared with the rest of the gene .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Increased mutation in the homeodomain is accounted for by the hypermutable CpG dinucleotide in codon 240 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very nearly all mutations appear to cause loss of function of the mutant allele , and more than 80 % of exonic substitutions result in nonsense codons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a gene with such extraordinarily high sequence conservation throughout evolution , there are presumed undiscovered missense mutations , these are hypothesized to exist in as - yet unidentified phenotypes . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Breast Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to inherited breast cancer was assessed by linkage and mutation analysis in 237 families , each with at least four cases of breast cancer , collected by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium .", "entity": [{"entity": "inherited breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "Breast Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [193, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Families were included without regard to the occurrence of ovarian or other cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian or other cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Overall , disease was linked to BRCA1 in an estimated 52 % of families , to BRCA2 in 32 % of families , and to neither gene in 16 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 6 % - 28 % ) , suggesting other predisposition genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority ( 81 % ) of the breast - ovarian cancer families were due to BRCA1 , with most others ( 14 % ) due to BRCA2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast - ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , the majority of families with male and female breast cancer were due to BRCA2 ( 76 % ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "male and female breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The largest proportion ( 67 % ) of families due to other genes was found in families with four or five cases of female breast cancer only .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These estimates were not substantially affected either by changing the assumed penetrance model for BRCA1 or by including or excluding BRCA1 mutation data .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among those families with disease due to BRCA1 that were tested by one of the standard screening methods , mutations were detected in the coding sequence or splice sites in an estimated 63 % ( 95 % CI 51 % - 77 % ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estimated sensitivity was identical for direct sequencing and other techniques .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The penetrance of BRCA2 was estimated by maximizing the LOD score in BRCA2 - mutation families , over all possible penetrance functions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estimated cumulative risk of breast cancer reached 28 % ( 95 % CI 9 % - 44 % ) by age 50 years and 84 % ( 95 % CI 43 % - 95 % ) by age 70 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The corresponding ovarian cancer risks were 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 % ( 95 % CI 0 % - 1 % ) by age 50 years and 27 % ( 95 % CI 0 % - 47 % ) by age 70 years .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The lifetime risk of breast cancer appears similar to the risk in BRCA1 carriers , but there was some suggestion of a lower risk in BRCA2 carriers < 50 years of age .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eye movement abnormalities correlate with genotype in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I .", "entity": [{"entity": "Eye movement abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "cerebellar ataxia type I", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We compared horizontal eye movements ( visually guided saccades , antisaccades , and smooth pursuit ) in control subjects ( n = 14 ) and patients with three forms of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias type I spinocerebellar ataxias 1 and 2 ( SCA1 , n = 11 ; SCA2 , n = 10 ) and SCA3 / Machado - Joseph disease ( MJD ) ( n = 16 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebellar ataxias type I", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 210]}, {"entity": "spinocerebellar ataxias 1 and 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 242]}, {"entity": "SCA1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [245, 249]}, {"entity": "SCA2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [261, 265]}, {"entity": "SCA3", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [281, 285]}, {"entity": "Machado - Joseph disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [288, 312]}, {"entity": "MJD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [315, 318]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SCA1 , saccade amplitude was significantly increased , resulting in hypermetria .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCA1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "hypermetria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The smooth pursuit gain was decreased .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SCA2 , saccade velocity was markedly decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCA2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The percentage of errors in antisaccades was greatly increased and was significantly correlated with age at disease onset .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , a correlation between smooth pursuit gain and the number of trinucleotide repeats was found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In SCA3 , gaze - evoked nystagmus was often present as was saccade hypometria and smooth pursuit gain was markedly decreased .", "entity": [{"entity": "SCA3", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 7]}, {"entity": "gaze - evoked nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 33]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three major criteria , saccade amplitude , saccade velocity , and presence of gaze - evoked nystagmus , permitted the correct assignment of 90 % of the SCA1 , 90 % of the SCA2 , and 93 % of the patients with SCA3 to their genetically confirmed patient group and , therefore , may help orient diagnoses of SCA1 , SCA2 , and SCA3 at early clinical stages of the diseases . .", "entity": [{"entity": "gaze - evoked nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 101]}, {"entity": "SCA1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 156]}, {"entity": "SCA2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 175]}, {"entity": "SCA3", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [208, 212]}, {"entity": "SCA1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [305, 309]}, {"entity": "SCA2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [312, 316]}, {"entity": "SCA3", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [323, 327]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic basis and molecular mechanism for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Ventricular fibrillation causes more than 300 , 000 sudden deaths each year in the USA alone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In approximately 5 - 12 % of these cases , there are no demonstrable cardiac or non - cardiac causes to account for the episode , which is therefore classified as idiopathic ventricular fibrillation ( IVF ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "idiopathic ventricular fibrillation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 198]}, {"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A distinct group of IVF patients has been found to present with a characteristic electrocardiographic pattern .", "entity": [{"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 23]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because of the small size of most pedigrees and the high incidence of sudden death , however , molecular genetic studies of IVF have not yet been done .", "entity": [{"entity": "sudden death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Because IVF causes cardiac rhythm disturbance , we investigated whether malfunction of ion channels could cause the disorder by studying mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A .", "entity": [{"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [8, 11]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have now identified a missense mutation , a splice - donor mutation , and a frameshift mutation in the coding region of SCN5A in three IVF families .", "entity": [{"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We show that sodium channels with the missense mutation recover from inactivation more rapidly than normal and that the frameshift mutation causes the sodium channel to be non - functional .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results indicate that mutations in cardiac ion - channel genes contribute to the risk of developing IVF . .", "entity": [{"entity": "IVF", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular heterogeneity in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA in Australia and Northern Ireland : nine novel mutations including T312S , a common allele that confers a mild phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "mucopolysaccharidosis IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies of patients from a British - Irish population showed that the I113F mutation is the most common single mutation among MPS IVA patients and produces a severe clinical phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied mutations in the GALNS gene from 23 additional MPS IVA patients ( 15 from Australia , 8 from Northern Ireland ) , with various clinical phenotypes ( severe , 16 cases ; intermediate , 4 cases ; mild , 3 cases ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found two common mutations that together accounted for 32 % of the 44 unrelated alleles in these patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One is the T312S mutation , a novel mutation found exclusively in milder patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other is the previously described I113F that produces a severe phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The I113F and T312S mutations accounted for 8 ( 18 % ) and 6 ( 14 % ) of 44 unrelated alleles , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relatively high residual GALNS activity seen when the T312S mutant cDNA is overexpressed in mutant cells provides an explanation for the mild phenotype in patients with this mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The distribution and relative frequencies of the I113F and T312S mutations in Australia corresponded to those observed in Northern Ireland and are unique to these two populations , suggesting that both mutations were probably introduced to Australia by Irish migrants during the 19th century .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Haplotype analysis using 6 RFLPs provides additional data that the I113F mutation originated from a common ancestor .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other 9 novel mutations identified in these 23 patients were each limited to a single family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data provide further evidence for extensive allelic heterogeneity in MPS IVA in British - Irish patients and provide evidence for their transmission to Australia by British - Irish migrants . .", "entity": [{"entity": "MPS IVA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of constitutional WT1 mutations , in patients with isolated diffuse mesangial sclerosis , and analysis of genotype / phenotype correlations by use of a computerized mutation database .", "entity": [{"entity": "diffuse mesangial sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Constitutional mutations of the WT1 gene , encoding a zinc - finger transcription factor involved in renal and gonadal development , are found in most patients with Denys - Drash syndrome ( DDS ) , or diffuse mesangial sclerosis ( DMS ) associated with pseudohermaphroditism and / or Wilms tumor ( WT ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Denys - Drash syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 187]}, {"entity": "DDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [190, 193]}, {"entity": "diffuse mesangial sclerosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 228]}, {"entity": "DMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [231, 234]}, {"entity": "pseudohermaphroditism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [253, 274]}, {"entity": "Wilms tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [284, 295]}, {"entity": "WT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [298, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most mutations in DDS patients lie in exon 8 or exon 9 , encoding zinc finger 2 or zinc finger 3 , respectively , with a hot spot ( R394W ) in exon 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "DDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 21]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed a series of 24 patients , 10 with isolated DMS ( IDMS ) , 10 with DDS , and 4 with urogenital abnormalities and / or WT .", "entity": [{"entity": "isolated DMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 58]}, {"entity": "IDMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "DDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "urogenital abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [95, 119]}, {"entity": "WT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report WT1 heterozygous mutations in 16 patients , 4 of whom presented with IDMS .", "entity": [{"entity": "IDMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One male and two female IDMS patients with WT1 mutations underwent normal puberty .", "entity": [{"entity": "IDMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two mutations associated with IDMS are different from those described in DDS patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "IDMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "DDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No WT1 mutations were detected in the six other IDMS patients , suggesting genetic heterogeneity of this disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "IDMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We analyzed genotype / phenotype correlations , on the basis of the constitution of a WT1 mutation database of 84 germ - line mutations , to compare the distribution and type of mutations , according to the different symptoms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This demonstrated ( 1 ) the association between mutations in exons 8 and 9 and DMS ; ( 2 ) among patients with DMS , a higher frequency of exon 8 mutations among 46 , XY patients with female phenotype than among 46 , XY patients with sexual ambiguity or male phenotype ; and ( 3 ) statistically significant evidence that mutations in exons 8 and 9 preferentially affect amino acids with different functions . .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 82]}, {"entity": "DMS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 185delAG BRCA1 mutation originated before the dispersion of Jews in the diaspora and is not limited to Ashkenazim .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 185delAG mutation in BRCA1 is detected in Ashkenazi Jews both in familial breast and ovarian cancer and in the general population .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial breast and ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All tested Ashkenazi mutation carriers share the same allelic pattern at the BRCA1 locus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our previous study showed that this Ashkenazi mutation also occurs in Iraqi Jews with a similar allelic pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We extended our analysis to other non - Ashkenazi subsets 354 of Moroccan origin , 200 Yemenites and 150 Iranian Jews .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heteroduplex analysis complemented by direct DNA sequencing of abnormally migrating bands were employed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four of Moroccan origin ( 1 . 1 % ) and none of the Yemenites or Iranians was a carrier of the 185delAG mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRCA1 allelic patterns were determined for four of these individuals and for 12 additional non - Ashkenazi 185delAG mutation carriers who had breast / ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six non - Ashkenazi individuals shared the common Ashkenazi haplotype , four had a closely related pattern , and the rest ( n = 6 ) displayed a distinct BRCA1 allelic pattern .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the 185delAG BRCA1 mutation occurs in some non - Ashkenazi populations at rates comparable with that of Ashkenazim .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The majority of Jewish 185delAG mutation carriers have a common allelic pattern , supporting the founder effect notion , but dating the mutations origin to an earlier date than currently estimated .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , the different allelic pattern at the BRCA1 locus even in some Jewish mutation carriers , might suggest that the mutation arose independently . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Crystal structure of the hemochromatosis protein HFE and characterization of its interaction with transferrin receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HFE is an MHC - related protein that is mutated in the iron - overload disease hereditary hemochromatosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron - overload disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "hereditary hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "HFE binds to transferrin receptor ( TfR ) and reduces its affinity for iron - loaded transferrin , implicating HFE in iron metabolism .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 A crystal structure of HFE reveals the locations of hemochromatosis mutations and a patch of histidines that could be involved in pH - dependent interactions .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also demonstrate that soluble TfR and HFE bind tightly at the basic pH of the cell surface , but not at the acidic pH of intracellular vesicles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "TfR HFE stoichiometry ( 2 1 ) differs from TfR transferrin stoichiometry ( 2 2 ) , implying a different mode of binding for HFE and transferrin to TfR , consistent with our demonstration that HFE , transferrin , and TfR form a ternary complex .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of three novel mutations and a high frequency of the Arg778Leu mutation in Korean patients with Wilson disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four mutations - - R778L , A874V , L1083F , and 2304delC - - in the copper - transporting enzyme , P - type ATPase ( ATP7B ) , were identified in Korean Patients with Wilson disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Arg778Leu , the most frequently reported mutation of this enzyme , was found in six of eight unrelated patients studied , an allele frequency of 37 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 % , which is considerably higher than those in other Asian populations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The novel single nucleotide deletion , 2304delC , was found in one patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Since a mutation at cDNA nucleotide 2302 ( 2302insC ) had been previously described , this region of the ATP7B gene may be susceptible to gene rearrangements causing Wilson disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Disruption of splicing regulated by a CUG - binding protein in myotonic dystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) is caused by a CTG expansion in the 3 untranslated region of the DM gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One model of DM pathogenesis suggests that RNAs from the expanded allele create a gain - of - function mutation by the inappropriate binding of proteins to the CUG repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Data presented here indicate that the conserved heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein , CUG - binding protein ( CUG - BP ) , may mediate the trans - dominant effect of the RNA .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CUG - BP was found to bind to the human cardiac troponin T ( cTNT ) pre - messenger RNA and regulate its alternative splicing .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Splicing of cTNT was disrupted in DM striated muscle and in normal cells expressing transcripts that contain CUG repeats .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Altered expression of genes regulated posttranscriptionally by CUG - BP therefore may contribute to DM pathogenesis . .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a novel nonsense mutation and a missense substitution in the vasopressin - neurophysin II gene in two Spanish kindreds with familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [142, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus ( FNDI ) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by deficiency in the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) encoded by the AVP - neurophysin II ( AVP - NPII ) gene on chromosome 20p13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 44]}, {"entity": "FNDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 51]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , we analyzed two families with FNDI using direct automated fluorescent , solid phase , single - stranded DNA sequencing of PCR - amplified AVP - NPII DNA .", "entity": [{"entity": "FNDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In one of the families , affected individuals presented a novel nonsense mutation in exon 3 of the gene , consisting in a G to T transition at nucleotide 2101 , which produces a stop signal in codon 82 ( Glu ) of NPII .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The premature termination eliminates part of the C - terminal domain of NPII , including a cysteine residue in position 85 , which could be involved in the correct folding of the prohormone .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the second family , a G279A substitution at position - 1 of the signal peptide was observed in all affected individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This missense mutation , which replaces Ala with Thr , is frequent among FNDI patients and is thought to reduce the efficiency of cleavage by signal peptidases . .", "entity": [{"entity": "FNDI", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic heterogeneity of Saethre - Chotzen syndrome , due to TWIST and FGFR mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saethre - Chotzen syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thirty - two unrelated patients with features of Saethre - Chotzen syndrome , a common autosomal dominant condition of craniosynostosis and limb anomalies , were screened for mutations in TWIST , FGFR2 , and FGFR3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saethre - Chotzen syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 75]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant condition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 115]}, {"entity": "craniosynostosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [119, 135]}, {"entity": "limb anomalies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nine novel and three recurrent TWIST mutations were found in 12 families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven families were found to have the FGFR3 P250R mutation , and one individual was found to have an FGFR2 VV269 - 270 deletion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , our detection rate for TWIST or FGFR mutations is 68 % in our Saethre - Chotzen syndrome patients , including our five patients elsewhere reported with TWIST mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saethre - Chotzen syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "More than 35 different TWIST mutations are now known in the literature .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most common phenotypic features , present in more than a third of our patients with TWIST mutations , are coronal synostosis , brachycephaly , low frontal hairline , facial asymmetry , ptosis , hypertelorism , broad great toes , and clinodactyly .", "entity": [{"entity": "coronal synostosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 128]}, {"entity": "brachycephaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 144]}, {"entity": "low frontal hairline", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 167]}, {"entity": "facial asymmetry", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 186]}, {"entity": "ptosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "hypertelorism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "broad great toes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [214, 230]}, {"entity": "clinodactyly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [237, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Significant intra - and interfamilial phenotypic variability is present for either TWIST mutations or FGFR mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The overlap in clinical features and the presence , in the same genes , of mutations for more than one craniosynostotic condition - such as Saethre - Chotzen , Crouzon , and Pfeiffer syndromes - support the hypothesis that TWIST and FGFRs are components of the same molecular pathway involved in the modulation of craniofacial and limb development in humans . .", "entity": [{"entity": "craniosynostotic condition", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 129]}, {"entity": "Saethre - Chotzen , Crouzon , and Pfeiffer syndromes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation analysis of UBE3A in Angelman syndrome patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelman syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Angelman syndrome ( AS ) is caused by chromosome 15q11 - q13 deletions of maternal origin , by paternal uniparental disomy ( UPD ) 15 , by imprinting defects , and by mutations in the UBE3A gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Angelman syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "uniparental disomy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 122]}, {"entity": "UPD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "UBE3A encodes a ubiquitin - protein ligase and shows brain - specific imprinting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we describe UBE3A coding - region mutations detected by SSCP analysis in 13 AS individuals or families .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two identical de novo 5 - bp duplications in exon 16 were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the other 11 unique mutations , 8 were small deletions or insertions predicted to cause frameshifts , 1 was a mutation to a stop codon , 1 was a missense mutation , and 1 was predicted to cause insertion of an isoleucine in the hect domain of the UBE3A protein , which functions in E2 binding and ubiquitin transfer .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Eight of the cases were familial , and five were sporadic .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In two familial cases and one sporadic case , mosaicism for UBE3A mutations was detected in the mother of three AS sons , in the maternal grandfather of two AS first cousins , and in the mother of an AS daughter .", "entity": [{"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 114]}, {"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 159]}, {"entity": "AS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [200, 202]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The frequencies with which we detected mutations were 5 ( 14 % ) of 35 in sporadic cases and 8 ( 80 % ) of 10 in familial cases . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemochromatosis 845 G - - > A and 187 C - - > G mutations : prevalence in non - Caucasian populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hemochromatosis , the inherited disorder of iron metabolism , leads , if untreated , to progressive iron overload and premature death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "inherited disorder of iron metabolism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [22, 59]}, {"entity": "iron overload", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "premature death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hemochromatosis gene , HFE , recently has been identified , and characterization of this gene has shown that it contains two mutations that result in amino acid substitutions - cDNA nucleotides 845 G - - > A ( C282Y ) and 187 C - - > G ( H63D ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 19]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although hemochromatosis is common in Caucasians , affecting > = 1 / 300 individuals of northern European origin , it has not been recognized in other populations .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The present study used PCR and restriction - enzyme digestion to analyze the frequency of the 845 G - - > A and 187 C - - > G mutations in HLA - typed samples from non - Caucasian populations , comprising Australian Aboriginal , Chinese , and Pacific Islanders .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results showed that the 845 G - - > A mutation was present in these populations ( allele frequency 0 . 32 % ) , and , furthermore , it was always seen in conjunction with HLA haplotypes common in Caucasians , suggesting that 845 G - - > A may have been introduced into these populations by Caucasian admixture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "187 C - - > G was present at an allele frequency of 2 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "68 % in the two populations analyzed ( Australian Aboriginal and Chinese ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Australian Aboriginal samples , 187 C - - > G was found to be associated with HLA haplotypes common in Caucasians , suggesting that it was introduced by recent admixture .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the Chinese samples analyzed , 187 C - - > G was present in association with a wide variety of HLA haplotypes , showing this mutation to be widespread and likely to predate the more genetically restricted 845 G - - > A mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotype - phenotype correlations in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli .", "entity": [{"entity": "attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germ - line mutations of the tumor suppressor APC are implicated in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli ( AAPC ) , a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 34]}, {"entity": "attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 105]}, {"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 112]}, {"entity": "familial adenomatous polyposis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 160]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [163, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "AAPC is recognized by the occurrence of < 100 colonic adenomas and a later onset of colorectal cancer ( age > 40 years ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "colonic adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The aim of this study was to assess genotype - phenotype correlations in AAPC families .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By protein - truncation test ( PTT ) assay , the entire coding region of the APC gene was screened in affected individuals from 11 AAPC kindreds , and their phenotypic differences were examined .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 80]}, {"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five novel germ - line APC mutations were identified in seven kindreds .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations were located in three different regions of the APC gene ( 1 ) at the 5 end spanning exons 4 and 5 , ( 2 ) within exon 9 , and ( 3 ) at the 3 distal end of the gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Variability in the number of colorectal adenomas was most apparent in individuals with mutations in region 1 , and upper - gastrointestinal manifestations were more severe in them .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In individuals with mutations in either region 2 or region 3 , the average number of adenomas tended to be lower than those in individuals with mutations in region 1 , although age at diagnosis was similar .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In all AAPC kindreds , a predominance of right - sided colorectal adenomas and rectal polyp sparing was observed .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [7, 11]}, {"entity": "colorectal adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 74]}, {"entity": "rectal polyp", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "No desmoid tumors were found in these kindreds .", "entity": [{"entity": "desmoid tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that , in AAPC families , the location of the APC mutation may partially predict specific phenotypic expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAPC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 31]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This should help in the design of tailored clinical - management protocols in this subset of FAP patients . .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wilms ' tumor 1 and Dax - 1 modulate the orphan nuclear receptor SF - 1 in sex - specific gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilms ' tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 13]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Products of steroidogenic factor 1 ( SF - 1 ) and Wilms tumor 1 ( WT1 ) genes are essential for mammalian gonadogenesis prior to sexual differentiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilms tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In males , SF - 1 participates in sexual development by regulating expression of the polypeptide hormone Mullerian inhibiting substance ( MIS ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , we show that WT1 - KTS isoforms associate and synergize with SF - 1 to promote MIS expression .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , WT1 missense mutations , associated with male pseudohermaphroditism in Denys - Drash syndrome , fail to synergize with SF - 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "male pseudohermaphroditism", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 81]}, {"entity": "Denys - Drash syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additionally , the X - linked , candidate dosage - sensitive sex - reversal gene , Dax - 1 , antagonizes synergy between SF - 1 and WT1 , most likely through a direct interaction with SF - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We propose that WT1 and Dax - 1 functionally oppose each other in testis development by modulating SF - 1 - mediated transactivation . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse model for Prader - Willi syndrome imprinting - centre mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prader - Willi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Imprinting in the 15q11 - q13 region involves an imprinting centre ( IC ) , mapping in part to the promoter and first exon of SNRPN .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deletion of this IC abolishes local paternally derived gene expression and results in Prader - Willi syndrome ( PWS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Prader - Willi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 109]}, {"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have created two deletion mutations in mice to understand PWS and the mechanism of this IC .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice harbouring an intragenic deletion in Snrpn are phenotypically normal , suggesting that mutations of SNRPN are not sufficient to induce PWS .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mice with a larger deletion involving both Snrpn and the putative PWS - IC lack expression of the imprinted genes Zfp127 ( mouse homologue of ZNF127 ) , Ndn and Ipw , and manifest several phenotypes common to PWS infants .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data demonstrate that both the position of the IC and its role in the coordinate expression of genes is conserved between mouse and human , and indicate that the mouse is a suitable model system in which to investigate the molecular mechanisms of imprinting in this region of the genome . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations of the ATM gene detected in Japanese ataxia - telangiectasia patients : possible preponderance of the two founder mutations 4612del165 and 7883del5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [47, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ATM ( A - T , mutated ) gene on human chromosome 11q22 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 has recently been identified as the gene responsible for the human recessive disease ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "recessive disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [69, 86]}, {"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 110]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In order to define the types of disease - causing ATM mutations in Japanese A - T patients as well as to look for possible mutational hotspots , reverse - transcribed RNA derived from ten patients belonging to eight unrelated Japanese A - T families was analyzed for mutations by the restriction endonuclease fingerprinting method .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [235, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As has been reported by others , mutations that lead to exon skipping or premature protein truncation were also predominant in our mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six different mutations were identified on 12 of the 16 alleles examined .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four were deletions involving a loss of a single exon exon 7 , exon 16 , exon 33 or exon 35 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The others were minute deletions , 4649delA in exon 33 and 7883del5 in exon 55 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutations 4612del165 and 7883del5 were found in more than two unrelated families ; 44 % ( 7 of 16 ) of the mutant alleles had one of the two mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 4612del165 mutations in three different families were all ascribed to the same T - - > A substitution at the splice donor site in intron 33 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Microsatellite genotyping around the ATM locus also indicated that a common haplotype was shared by the mutant alleles in both mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This suggests that these two founder mutations may be predominant among Japanese ATM mutant alleles .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "W474C amino acid substitution affects early processing of the alpha - subunit of beta - hexosaminidase A and is associated with subacute G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 160]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the HEXA gene , encoding the alpha - subunit of beta - hexosaminidase A ( Hex A ) , that abolish Hex A enzyme activity cause Tay - Sachs disease ( TSD ) , the fatal infantile form of G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis , Type 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tay - Sachs disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [138, 157]}, {"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "infantile form of G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis , Type 1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [178, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Less severe , subacute ( juvenile - onset ) and chronic ( adult - onset ) variants are characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and are associated with residual levels of Hex A enzyme activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified a 1422 G - - > C ( amino acid W474C ) substitution in the first position of exon 13 of HEXA of a non - Jewish proband who manifested a subacute variant of G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "G ( M2 ) gangliosidosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [169, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the second maternally inherited allele , we identified the common infantile disease - causing 4 - bp insertion , + TATC 1278 , in exon 11 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pulse - chase analysis using proband fibroblasts revealed that the W474C - containing alpha - subunit precursor was normally synthesized , but not phosphorylated or secreted , and the mature lysosomal alpha - subunit was not detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "When the W474C - containing alpha - subunit was transiently co - expressed with the beta - subunit to produce Hex A ( alphabeta ) in COS - 7 cells , the mature alpha - subunit was present , but its level was much lower than that from normal alpha - subunit transfections , although higher than in those cells transfected with an alpha - subunit associated with infantile TSD .", "entity": [{"entity": "TSD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [371, 374]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , the precursor level of the W474C alpha - subunit was found to accumulate in comparison to the normal alpha - subunit precursor levels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the 1422 G - - > C mutation is the cause of Hex A enzyme deficiency in the proband .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hex A enzyme deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The resulting W474C substitution clearly interferes with alpha - subunit processing , but because the base substitution falls at the first position of exon 13 , aberrant splicing may also contribute to Hex A deficiency in this proband . .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hex A deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [202, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two frequent missense mutations in Pendred syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pendred syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood deafness and goiter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pendred syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "autosomal recessive disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 51]}, {"entity": "deafness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 93]}, {"entity": "goiter", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A century after its recognition as a syndrome by Vaughan Pendred , the disease gene ( PDS ) was mapped to chromosome 7q22 - q31 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 and , recently , found to encode a putative sulfate transporter .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We performed mutation analysis of the PDS gene in patients from 14 Pendred families originating from seven countries and identified all mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 41]}, {"entity": "Pendred", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutations include three single base deletions , one splice site mutation and 10 missense mutations .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "One missense mutation ( L236P ) was found in a homozygous state in two consanguineous families and in a heterozygous state in five additional non - consanguineous families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another missense mutation ( T416P ) was found in a homozygous state in one family and in a heterozygous state in four families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Pendred patients in three non - consanguineous families were shown to be compound heterozygotes for L236P and T416P .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pendred", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In total , one or both of these mutations were found in nine of the 14 families analyzed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of two frequent PDS mutations will facilitate the molecular diagnosis of Pendred syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "PDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 38]}, {"entity": "Pendred syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Insertional mutation by transposable element , L1 , in the DMD gene results in X - linked dilated cardiomyopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "X - linked dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "X - linked dilated cardiomyopathy ( XLDCM ) is a clinical phenotype of dystrophinopathy which is characterized by preferential myocardial involvement without any overt clinical signs of skeletal myopathy .", "entity": [{"entity": "X - linked dilated cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "XLDCM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "dystrophinopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 87]}, {"entity": "myocardial involvement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [127, 149]}, {"entity": "skeletal myopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [186, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , several mutations in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene , DMD , have been identified in patients with XLDCM , but a pathogenic correlation of these cardiospecific mutations in DMD with the XLDCM phenotype has remained to be elucidated .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "XLDCM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "XLDCM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [201, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the identification of a unique de novo L1 insertion in the muscle exon 1 in DMD in three XLDCM patients from two unrelated Japanese families .", "entity": [{"entity": "XLDCM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The insertion was a 5 - truncated form of human L1 inversely integrated in the 5 - untranslated region in the muscle exon 1 , which affected the transcription or the stability of the muscle form of dystrophin transcripts but not that of the brain or Purkinje cell form , probably due to its unique site of integration .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We speculate that this insertion of an L1 sequence in DMD is responsible for some of the population of Japanese patients with XLDCM . .", "entity": [{"entity": "XLDCM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Severe early - onset obesity , adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 28]}, {"entity": "adrenal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sequential cleavage of the precursor protein pre - pro - opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) generates the melanocortin peptides adrenocorticotrophin ( ACTH ) , melanocyte - stimulating hormones ( MSH ) alpha , beta and gamma as well as the opioid - receptor ligand beta - endorphin .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While a few cases of isolated ACTH deficiency have been reported ( OMIM 201400 ) , an inherited POMC defect has not been described so far .", "entity": [{"entity": "ACTH deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies in animal models elucidated a central role of alpha - MSH in the regulation of food intake by activation of the brain melanocortin - 4 - receptor ( MC4 - R ; refs 3 - 5 ) and the linkage of human obesity to chromosome 2 in close proximity to the POMC locus , led to the proposal of an association of POMC with human obesity .", "entity": [{"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 218]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [331, 338]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The dual role of alpha - MSH in regulating food intake and influencing hair pigmentation predicts that the phenotype associated with a defect in POMC function would include obesity , alteration in pigmentation and ACTH deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "ACTH deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observation of these symptoms in two probands prompted us to search for mutations within their POMC genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient 1 was found to be a compound heterozygote for two mutations in exon 3 ( G7013T , C7133delta ) which interfere with appropriate synthesis of ACTH and alpha - MSH .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patient 2 was homozygous for a mutation in exon 2 ( C3804A ) which abolishes POMC translation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings represent the first examples of a genetic defect within the POMC gene and define a new monogenic endocrine disorder resulting in early - onset obesity , adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation . .", "entity": [{"entity": "genetic defect", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 63]}, {"entity": "monogenic endocrine disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 130]}, {"entity": "obesity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "adrenal insufficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [168, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A European multicenter study of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency : classification of 105 mutations and a general system for genotype - based prediction of metabolic phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Phenylketonuria ( PKU ) and mild hyperphenylalaninemia ( MHP ) are allelic disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase ( PAH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phenylketonuria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "PKU", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [18, 21]}, {"entity": "mild hyperphenylalaninemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 54]}, {"entity": "MHP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "allelic disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous studies have suggested that the highly variable metabolic phenotypes of PAH deficiency correlate with PAH genotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We identified both causative mutations in 686 patients from seven European centers .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics of 297 functionally hemizygous patients , 105 of the mutations were assigned to one of four arbitrary phenotype categories .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We proposed and tested a simple model for correlation between genotype and phenotypic outcome .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed phenotype matched the predicted phenotype in 79 % of the cases , and in only 5 of 184 patients was the observed phenotype more than one category away from that expected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among the seven contributing centers , the proportion of patients for whom the observed phenotype did not match the predicted phenotype was 4 % - 23 % ( P < . 0001 ) , suggesting that differences in methods used for mutation detection or phenotype classification may account for a considerable proportion of genotype - phenotype inconsistencies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data indicate that the PAH - mutation genotype is the main determinant of metabolic phenotype in most patients with PAH deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAH deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In the present study , the classification of 105 PAH mutations may allow the prediction of the biochemical phenotype in > 10 , 000 genotypes , which may be useful for the management of hyperphenylalaninemia in newborns .", "entity": [{"entity": "hyperphenylalaninemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Somatic instability of the CTG repeat in mice transgenic for the myotonic dystrophy region is age dependent but not correlated to the relative intertissue transcription levels and proliferative capacities .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A ( CTG ) nexpansion in the 3 - untranslated region ( UTR ) of the DM protein kinase gene ( DMPK ) is responsible for causing myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 144]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Major instability , with very large expansions between generations and high levels of somatic mosaicism , is observed in patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is a good correlation between repeat size ( at least in leucocytes ) , clinical severity and age of onset .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The trinucleotide repeat instability mechanisms involved in DM and other human genetic diseases are unknown .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 62]}, {"entity": "genetic diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied somatic instability by measuring the CTG repeat length at several ages in various tissues of transgenic mice carrying a ( CTG ) 55expansion surrounded by 45 kb of the human DM region , using small - pool PCR .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mice have been shown to reproduce the intergenerational and somatic instability of the 55 CTG repeat suggesting that surrounding sequences and the chromatin environment are involved in instability mechanisms .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As observed in some of the tissues of DM patients , there is a tendency for repeat length and somatic mosaicism to increase with the age of the mouse .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we observed no correlation between the somatic mutation rate and tissue proliferation capacity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The somatic mutation rates in different tissues were also not correlated to the relative inter - tissue difference in transcriptional levels of the three genes ( DMAHP , DMPK and 59 ) surrounding the repeat . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel missense mutation in patients from a retinoblastoma pedigree showing only mild expression of the tumor phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have used single strand conformation polymorphism analysis to study the 27 exons of the RB1 gene in individuals from a family showing mild expression of the retinoblastoma phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "retinoblastoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this family affected individuals developed unilateral tumors and , as a result of linkage analysis , unaffected mutation carriers were also identified within the pedigree .", "entity": [{"entity": "unilateral tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A single band shift using SSCP was identified in exon 21 which resulted in a missense mutation converting a cys - - > arg at nucleotide position 28 in the exon .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation destroyed an NdeI restriction enzyme site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Analysis of all family members demonstrated that the missense mutation co - segregated with patients with tumors or who , as a result of linkage analysis had been predicted to carry the predisposing mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations point to another region of the RB1 gene where mutations only modify the function of the gene and raise important questions for genetic counseling in families with these distinctive phenotypes . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal disomy and Prader - Willi syndrome consistent with gamete complementation in a case of familial translocation ( 3 ; 15 ) ( p25 ; q11 . 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maternal disomy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Prader - Willi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal uniparental disomy ( UPD ) for chromosome 15 is responsible for an estimated 30 % of cases of Prader - Willi syndrome ( PWS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maternal uniparental disomy ( UPD ) for chromosome 15", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 53]}, {"entity": "Prader - Willi syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 126]}, {"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [129, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report on an unusual case of maternal disomy 15 in PWS that is most consistent with adjacent - 1 segregation of a paternal t ( 3 ; 15 ) ( p25 ; q11 . 2 ) with simultaneous maternal meiotic nondisjunction for chromosome 15 .", "entity": [{"entity": "maternal disomy 15", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 50]}, {"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The patient ( J . B . ) , a 17 - year - old white male with PWS , was found to have 47 chromosomes with a supernumerary , paternal der ( 15 ) consisting of the short arm and the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 , and distal chromosome arm 3p .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The t ( 3 ; 15 ) was present in the balanced state in the patients father and a sister .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the PWS critical region resided on the derivative chromosome 3 and that there was no deletion of the PWS region on the normal pair of 15s present in J .", "entity": [{"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 68]}, {"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Methylation analysis at exon alpha of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein - associated polypeptide N ( SNRPN ) gene showed a pattern characteristic of only the maternal chromosome 15 in J .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Maternal disomy was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of microsatellite repeats at the gamma - aminobutyric acid receptor beta3 subunit ( GABRB3 ) locus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Maternal disomy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A niece ( B . B . ) with 45 chromosomes and the derivative 3 but without the der ( 15 ) demonstrated a phenotype consistent with that reported for haploinsufficiency of distal 3 p .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Uniparental disomy associated with unbalanced segregation of non - Robertsonian translocations has been reported previously but has not , to our knowledge , been observed in a case of PWS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uniparental disomy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "PWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , our findings are best interpreted as true gamete complementation resulting in maternal UPD 15 and PWS", "entity": [{"entity": "maternal UPD 15", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Schwartz - Jampel syndrome type 2 and Stuve - Wiedemann syndrome : a case for \" lumping \" .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schwartz - Jampel syndrome type 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Stuve - Wiedemann syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [38, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recent studies demonstrated the existence of a genetically distinct , usually lethal form of the Schwartz - Jampel syndrome ( SJS ) of myotonia and skeletal dysplasia , which we called SJS type 2 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schwartz - Jampel syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 123]}, {"entity": "SJS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "myotonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [135, 143]}, {"entity": "skeletal dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "SJS type 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [185, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This disorder is reminiscent of another rare condition , the Stuve - Wiedemann syndrome ( SWS ) , which comprises campomelia at birth with skeletal dysplasia , contractures , and early death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Stuve - Wiedemann syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 87]}, {"entity": "SWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 93]}, {"entity": "campomelia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 124]}, {"entity": "skeletal dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 157]}, {"entity": "contractures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "early death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To test for possible nosologic identity between these disorders , we reviewed the literature and obtained a follow - up of the only two surviving patients , one with SJS type 2 at age 10 years and another with SWS at age 7 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "SJS type 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 176]}, {"entity": "SWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients reported as having either neonatal SJS or SWS presented a combination of a severe , prenatal - onset neuromuscular disorder ( with congenital joint contractures , respiratory and feeding difficulties , tendency to hyperthermia , and frequent death in infancy ) with a distinct campomelic - metaphyseal skeletal dysplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "SJS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 47]}, {"entity": "SWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "neuromuscular disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 132]}, {"entity": "congenital joint contractures", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 169]}, {"entity": "hyperthermia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 235]}, {"entity": "campomelic - metaphyseal skeletal dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [286, 329]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The similarity of the clinical and radiographic findings is so extensive that these disorders appear to be a single entity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The follow - up observation of an identical and unique pattern of progressive bone dysplasia in the two patients ( one with SJS type 2 , one with SWS ) surviving beyond infancy adds to the evidence in favor of identity .", "entity": [{"entity": "bone dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [78, 92]}, {"entity": "SJS type 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "SWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The hypothesis that SWS and SJS type 2 are the same disorder should be testable by molecular methods . .", "entity": [{"entity": "SWS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 23]}, {"entity": "SJS type 2", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 38]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A mouse model of severe von Willebrand disease : defects in hemostasis and thrombosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Willebrand disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 46]}, {"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "von Willebrand factor ( vWf ) deficiency causes severe von Willebrand disease in humans .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Willebrand factor ( vWf ) deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 40]}, {"entity": "von Willebrand disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We generated a mouse model for this disease by using gene targeting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "vWf - deficient mice appeared normal at birth ; they were viable and fertile .", "entity": [{"entity": "vWf - deficient", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 15]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neither vWf nor vWf propolypeptide ( von Willebrand antigen II ) were detectable in plasma , platelets , or endothelial cells of the homozygous mutant mice .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Willebrand", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutant mice exhibited defects in hemostasis with a highly prolonged bleeding time and spontaneous bleeding events in approximately 10 % of neonates .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As in the human disease , the factor VIII level in these mice was reduced strongly as a result of the lack of protection provided by vWf .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Defective thrombosis in mutant mice was also evident in an in vivo model of vascular injury .", "entity": [{"entity": "thrombosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 20]}, {"entity": "vascular injury", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this model , the exteriorized mesentery was superfused with ferric chloride and the accumulation of fluorescently labeled platelets was observed by intravital microscopy .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that these mice very closely mimic severe human von Willebrand disease and will be very useful for investigating the role of vWf in normal physiology and in disease models . .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Willebrand disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral contraceptives and the risk of hereditary ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Clinical Study Group .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereditary Ovarian Cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND Women with mutations in either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene have a high lifetime risk of ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer in general , but it is not known whether they also protect against hereditary forms of ovarian cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 50]}, {"entity": "hereditary forms of ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [118, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS We enrolled 207 women with hereditary ovarian cancer and 161 of their sisters as controls in a case - control study .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All the patients carried a pathogenic mutation in either BRCA1 ( 179 women ) or BRCA2 ( 28 women ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The control women were enrolled regardless of whether or not they had either mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lifetime histories of oral - contraceptive use were obtained by interview or by written questionnaire and were compared between patients and control women , after adjustment for year of birth and parity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio for ovarian cancer associated with any past use of oral contraceptives was 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 ( 95 percent confidence interval , 0 . 3 to 0 . 8 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The risk decreased with increasing duration of use ( P for trend , < 0 . 001 ) ; use for six or more years was associated with a 60 percent reduction in risk .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oral - contraceptive use protected against ovarian cancer both for carriers of the BRCA1 mutation ( odds ratio , 0 . 5 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0 . 3 to 0 . 9 ) and for carriers of the BRCA2 mutation ( odds ratio , 0 . 4 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0 . 2 to 1 . 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS Oral - contraceptive use may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women with pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [60, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A Japanese family with adrenoleukodystrophy with a codon 291 deletion : a clinical , biochemical , pathological , and genetic report .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenoleukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 43]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report a Japanese family with adrenoleukodystrophy ( ALD ) with a three base pair deletion ( delGAG 291 ) in the ALD gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "adrenoleukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 53]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 59]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variety of phenotypes were observed within this family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "While the proband ( patient 1 ) was classified as having a rare intermediate type of adult cerebral and cerebello - brain stem forms , his younger brother ( patient 2 ) and nephew ( patient 3 ) had a childhood ALD type .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [210, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another nephew ( patient 4 ) of patient 1 was classified as having an adolescent form .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The tau level in the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) in patient 1 was as high as that of patients with Alzheimers disease ( AD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alzheimers disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 117]}, {"entity": "AD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His brain magnetic resonance image ( MRI ) showed abnormalities in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem , but not in the cerebral white matter , where marked reductions of the cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism were clearly demonstrated by positron emission tomography ( PET ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "abnormalities in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [50, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients 2 and 3 , the autopsy findings showed massive demyelination of the cerebral white matter with sparing of the U - fibers , compatible with the findings of childhood ALD .", "entity": [{"entity": "demyelination of the cerebral white matter", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 100]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Oleic and erucic acids ( Lorenzos Oil ) were administered to patients 1 and 4 , but sufficient effectiveness was not obtained .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The findings in this family suggest that delGAG291 is part of the cause of Japanese ALD with phenotypic variations .", "entity": [{"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , although the scale of the study is limited , there is a possibility that PET can detect an insidious lesion which is undetectable by computed tomogram ( CT ) or MRI analysis , and that the higher level of tau reflects the process of neuronal degeneration in ALD .", "entity": [{"entity": "insidious lesion", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "neuronal degeneration", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [244, 265]}, {"entity": "ALD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [269, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lorenzos Oil should be given in the early stage . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Nonsense mutation in exon 4 of human complement C9 gene is the major cause of Japanese complement C9 deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "complement C9 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deficiency of the ninth component of human complement ( C9 ) is the most common complement deficiency in Japan but is rare in other countries .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deficiency of the ninth component of human complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 53]}, {"entity": "complement deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We studied the molecular basis of C9 deficiency in four Japanese C9 - deficient patients who had suffered from meningococcal meningitis .", "entity": [{"entity": "C9 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "C9 - deficient", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "meningococcal meningitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Direct sequencing of amplified C9 cDNA and DNA revealed a nonsense substitution ( CGA - - > TGA ) at codon 95 in exon 4 in the four C9 - deficient individuals .", "entity": [{"entity": "C9 - deficient", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An allele - specific polymerase chain reaction system designed to detect exclusively only one of the normal and mutant alleles indicated that all the four patients were homozygous for the mutation in exon 4 and that the parents of patient 2 were heterozygous .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The common mutation at codon 95 in exon 4 might be responsible for most Japanese C9 deficiency . .", "entity": [{"entity": "C9 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 94]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRCA1 required for transcription - coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 encodes a zinc finger protein of unknown function .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast and ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Association of the BRCA1 protein with the DNA repair protein Rad51 and changes in the phosphorylation and cellular localization of the protein after exposure to DNA - damaging agents are consistent with a role for BRCA1 in DNA repair .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here , it is shown that mouse embryonic stem cells deficient in BRCA1 are defective in the ability to carry out transcription - coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage , and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficient in BRCA1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results suggest that BRCA1 participates , directly or indirectly , in transcription - coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Truncation mutations in the transactivation region of PAX6 result in dominant - negative mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAX6 is a transcription factor with two DNA - binding domains ( paired box and homeobox ) and a proline - serine - threonine ( PST ) - rich transactivation domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "PAX6 regulates eye development in animals ranging from jellyfish to Drosophila to humans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterozygous mutations in the human PAX6 gene result in various phenotypes , including aniridia , Peters anomaly , autosomal dominant keratitis , and familial foveal dysplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "Peters anomaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant keratitis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 143]}, {"entity": "familial foveal dysplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [150, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is believed that the mutated allele of PAX6 produces an inactive protein and aniridia is caused due to genetic haploinsufficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , several truncation mutations have been found to occur in the C - terminal half of PAX6 in patients with Aniridia resulting in mutant proteins that retain the DNA - binding domains but have lost most of the transactivation domain .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is not clear whether such mutants really behave as loss - of - function mutants as predicted by haploinsufficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Contrary to this theory , our data showed that these mutants are dominant - negative in transient transfection assays when they are coexpressed with wild - type PAX6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We found that the dominant - negative effects result from the enhanced DNA binding ability of these mutants .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Kinetic studies of binding and dissociation revealed that various truncation mutants have 3 - 5 - fold higher affinity to various DNA - binding sites when compared with the wild - type PAX6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results provide a new insight into the role of mutant PAX6 in causing aniridia . .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reversal of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and excellent neuropsychologic outcome in very - long - chain acyl - coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 46]}, {"entity": "very - long - chain acyl - coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Very - long - chain acyl - coenzyme A dehydrogenase ( VLCAD ) deficiency is a disorder of fatty acid beta oxidation that reportedly has high rates of morbidity and mortality .", "entity": [{"entity": "Very - long - chain acyl - coenzyme A dehydrogenase ( VLCAD ) deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe the outcome of a 5 - year - old girl with VLCAD deficiency who was first seen at 5 months of age with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , hepatomegaly , encephalopathy , and hypotonia .", "entity": [{"entity": "VLCAD deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 70]}, {"entity": "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [121, 148]}, {"entity": "hepatomegaly", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 163]}, {"entity": "encephalopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [166, 180]}, {"entity": "hypotonia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Biochemical studies indicated VLCAD deficiency caused by a stable yet inactive enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "VLCAD deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular genetic analysis of her VLCAD gene revealed a T1372C ( F458L ) missense mutation and a 1668 ACAG 1669 splice site mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "After initial treatment with intravenous glucose and carnitine , the patient has thrived on a low - fat diet supplemented with medium - chain triglyceride oil and carnitine and avoidance of fasting .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Her ventricular hypertrophy resolved significantly over 1 year , and cognitively , she is in the superior range for age .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical recognition of VLCAD deficiency is important because it is one of the few directly treatable causes of cardiomyopathy in children . .", "entity": [{"entity": "VLCAD deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "cardiomyopathy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Cloning of a novel member of the low - density lipoprotein receptor family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A gene encoding a novel transmembrane protein was identified by DNA sequence analysis within the insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) locus IDDM4 on chromosome 11q13 .", "entity": [{"entity": "insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 134]}, {"entity": "IDDM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Based on its chromosomal position , this gene is a candidate for conferring susceptibility to diabetes .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The gene , termed low - density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 ( LRP5 ) , encodes a protein of 1615 amino acids that contains conserved modules which are characteristic of the low - density lipoprotein ( LDL ) receptor family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These modules include a putative signal peptide for protein export , four epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) repeats with associated spacer domains , three LDL - receptor ( LDLR ) repeats , a single transmembrane spanning domain , and a cytoplasmic domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The encoded protein has a unique organization of EGF and LDLR repeats ; therefore , LRP5 likely represents a new category of the LDLR family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both human and mouse LRP5 cDNAs have been isolated and the encoded mature proteins are 95 % identical , indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The APC variants I1307K and E1317Q are associated with colorectal tumors , but not always with a family history .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "colorectal tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [55, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Classical familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) is a high - penetrance autosomal dominant disease that predisposes to hundreds or thousands of colorectal adenomas and carcinoma and that results from truncating mutations in the APC gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial adenomatous polyposis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [10, 40]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 98]}, {"entity": "colorectal adenomas and carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [144, 177]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [228, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A variant of FAP is attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , which results from germ - line mutations in the 5 and 3 regions of the APC gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 16]}, {"entity": "attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [20, 57]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 134]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli patients have \" multiple \" colorectal adenomas ( typically fewer than 100 ) without the florid phenotype of classical FAP .", "entity": [{"entity": "Attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 37]}, {"entity": "colorectal adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Another group of patients with multiple adenomas has no mutations in the APC gene , and their phenotype probably results from variation at a locus , or loci , elsewhere in the genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 48]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , however , a missense variant of APC ( I1307K ) was described that confers an increased risk of colorectal tumors , including multiple adenomas , in Ashkenazim .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 46]}, {"entity": "colorectal tumors", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 123]}, {"entity": "adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have studied a set of 164 patients with multiple colorectal adenomas and / or carcinoma and analyzed codons 1263 - 1377 ( exon 15G ) of the APC gene for germ - line variants .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal adenomas and / or carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 90]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Three patients with the I1307K allele were detected , each of Ashkenazi descent .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Four patients had a germ - line E1317Q missense variant of APC that was not present in controls ; one of these individuals had an unusually large number of metaplastic polyps of the colorectum .", "entity": [{"entity": "metaplastic polyps of the colorectum", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [156, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There is increasing evidence that there exist germ - line variants of the APC gene that predispose to the development of multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinoma , but without the florid phenotype of classical FAP , and possibly with importance for colorectal cancer risk in the general population . .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [74, 77]}, {"entity": "colorectal adenomas and carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 163]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [212, 215]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [251, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic structure of the human congenital chloride diarrhea ( CLD ) gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital chloride diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 59]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Congenital chloride diarrhea ( CLD ) is caused by mutations in a gene which encodes an intestinal anion transporter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Congenital chloride diarrhea", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 28]}, {"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [31, 34]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the complete genomic organization of the human CLD gene which spans approximately 39kb , and comprises 21 exons .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All exon / intron boundaries conform to the GT / AG rule .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "An analysis of the putative promoter region sequence shows a putative TATA box and predicts multiple transcription factor binding sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The genomic structure was determined using DNA from several sources including multiple large - insert libaries and genomic DNA from Finnish CLD patients and controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [140, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Exon - specific primers developed in this study will facilitate mutation screening studies of patients with the disease .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genomic sequencing of a BAC clone H _ RG364P16 revealed the presence of another , highly homologous gene 3 of the CLD gene , with a similar genomic structure , recently identified as the Pendred syndrome gene ( PDS ) . .", "entity": [{"entity": "CLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 117]}, {"entity": "Pendred syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 203]}, {"entity": "PDS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The APCI1307K allele and cancer risk in a community - based study of Ashkenazi Jews .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in APC are classically associated with familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) , a highly penetrant autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple intestinal polyps and , without surgical intervention , the development of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "familial adenomatous polyposis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 79]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [82, 85]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 136]}, {"entity": "polyps", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [238, 255]}, {"entity": "CRC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [258, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "APC is a tumour - suppressor gene , and somatic loss occurs in tumours .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "tumours", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The germline T - to - A transversion responsible for the APC I1307K allele converts the wild - type sequence to a homopolymer tract ( A8 ) that is genetically unstable and prone to somatic mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The I1307K allele was found in 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 % of unselected Ashkenazi Jews and higher proportions of Ashkenazim with family or personal histories of CRC ( ref . 2 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To evaluate the role of I1307K in cancer , we genotyped 5 , 081 Ashkenazi volunteers in a community survey .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 40]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Risk of developing colorectal , breast and other cancers were compared between genotyped I1307K carriers and non - carriers and their first - degree relatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal , breast and other cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sperm DNA analysis in a Friedreich ataxia premutation carrier suggests both meiotic and mitotic expansion in the FRDA gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedreich ataxia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "FRDA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [113, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Friedreich ataxia is usually caused by an expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of the FRDA gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedreich ataxia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "FRDA", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Occasionally , a fully expanded allele has been found to arise from a premutation of 100 or less triplet repeats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have examined the sperm DNA of a premutation carrier .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mans leucocyte DNA showed one normal allele and one allele of approximately 100 repeats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His sperm showed an expanded allele in a tight range centering on a size of approximately 320 trinucleotide repeats .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "His affected son has repeat sizes of 1040 and 540 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data suggest that expansion occurs in two stages , the first during meiosis followed by a second mitotic expansion .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that in all informative carrier father to affected child transmissions , with the notable exception of the premutation carrier , the expansion size decreases . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The R496H mutation of arylsulfatase A does not cause metachromatic leukodystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "metachromatic leukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deficiency of arylsulfatase A ( ARSA ) enzyme activity causes metachromatic leukodystrophy ( MLD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deficiency of arylsulfatase A", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 29]}, {"entity": "metachromatic leukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 90]}, {"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A number of ARSA gene mutations responsible for MLD have been identified .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , the R496H mutation of ARSA was proposed to be a cause of MLD ( Draghia et al . , 1997 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have investigated the R496H mutation and found this mutation at a relatively high frequency in an African American population ( f = 0 . 09 , n = 61 subjects ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ARSA enzyme activity in subjects with and without the R496H mutation was determined and found to be normal .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is therefore concluded that the R496H mutation of ARSA does not negatively influence the activity of ARSA and is not a cause of MLD", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Down - regulation of transmembrane carbonic anhydrases in renal cell carcinoma cell lines by wild - type von Hippel - Lindau transgenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [58, 78]}, {"entity": "von Hippel - Lindau", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To discover genes involved in von Hippel - Lindau ( VHL ) - mediated carcinogenesis , we used renal cell carcinoma cell lines stably transfected with wild - type VHL - expressing transgenes .", "entity": [{"entity": "von Hippel - Lindau", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 49]}, {"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Large - scale RNA differential display technology applied to these cell lines identified several differentially expressed genes , including an alpha carbonic anhydrase gene , termed CA12 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The deduced protein sequence was classified as a one - pass transmembrane CA possessing an apparently intact catalytic domain in the extracellular CA module .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Reintroduced wild - type VHL strongly inhibited the overexpression of the CA12 gene in the parental renal cell carcinoma cell lines .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "renal cell carcinoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Similar results were obtained with CA9 , encoding another transmembrane CA with an intact catalytic domain .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although both domains of the VHL protein contribute to regulation of CA12 expression , the elongin binding domain alone could effectively regulate CA9 expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "VHL", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 32]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We mapped CA12 and CA9 loci to chromosome bands 15q22 and 17q21 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 respectively , regions prone to amplification in some human cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [62, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Additional experiments are needed to define the role of CA IX and CA XII enzymes in the regulation of pH in the extracellular microenvironment and its potential impact on cancer cell growth .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A gene encoding a transmembrane protein is mutated in patients with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy ( Wolfram syndrome ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "optic atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "Wolfram syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [106, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Wolfram syndrome ( WFS ; OMIM 222300 ) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder defined by young - onset non - immune insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus and progressive optic atrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wolfram syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "WFS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 91]}, {"entity": "insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 167]}, {"entity": "optic atrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [184, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Linkage to markers on chromosome 4p was confirmed in five families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "On the basis of meiotic recombinants and disease - associated haplotypes , the WFS gene was localized to a BAC / P1 contig of less than 250 kb .", "entity": [{"entity": "WFS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in a novel gene ( WFS1 ) encoding a putative transmembrane protein were found in all affected individuals in six WFS families , and these mutations were associated with the disease phenotype .", "entity": [{"entity": "WFS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 31]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "WFS1 appears to function in survival of islet beta - cells and neurons . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Stable interaction between the products of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes in mitotic and meiotic cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for most cases of familial , early onset breast and / or ovarian cancer and encode products that each interact with hRAD51 .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast and / or ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Results presented here show that BRCA1 and BRCA2 coexist in a biochemical complex and colocalize in subnuclear foci in somatic cells and on the axial elements of developing synaptonemal complexes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Like BRCA1 and RAD51 , BRCA2 relocates to PCNA + replication sites following exposure of S phase cells to hydroxyurea or UV irradiation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , BRCA1 and BRCA2 participate , together , in a pathway ( s ) associated with the activation of double - strand break repair and / or homologous recombination .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Dysfunction of this pathway may be a general phenomenon in the majority of cases of hereditary breast and / or ovarian cancer . .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary breast and / or ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel Arg362Ser mutation in the sterol 27 - hydroxylase gene ( CYP27 ) : its effects on pre - mRNA splicing and enzyme activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A novel C to A mutation in the sterol 27 - hydroxylase gene ( CYP27 ) was identified by sequencing amplified CYP27 gene products from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis ( CTX ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [149, 179]}, {"entity": "CTX", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [182, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The mutation changed the adrenodoxin cofactor binding residue 362Arg to 362Ser ( CGT 362Arg to AGT 362Ser ) , and was responsible for deficiency in the sterol 27 - hydroxylase activity , as confirmed by expression of mutant cDNA into COS - 1 cells .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Quantitative analysis showed that the expression of CYP27 gene mRNA in the patient represented 52 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 % of the normal level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "As the mutation occurred at the penultimate nucleotide of exon 6 ( - 2 position of exon 6 - intron 6 splice site ) of the gene , we hypothesized that the mutation may partially affect the normal splicing efficiency in exon 6 and cause alternative splicing elsewhere , which resulted in decreased transcript in the patient .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Transfection of constructed minigenes , with or without the mutation , into COS - 1 cells confirmed that the mutant minigene was responsible for a mRNA species alternatively spliced at an activated cryptic 5 splice site 88 bp upstream from the 3 end of exon 6 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our data suggest that the C to A mutation at the penultimate nucleotide of exon 6 of the CYP27 gene not only causes the deficiency in the sterol 27 - hydroxylase activity , but also partially leads to alternative pre - mRNA splicing of the gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficiency in the sterol 27 - hydroxylase activity", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [120, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To our knowledge , this is the first report regarding effects on pre - mRNA splicing of a mutation at the - 2 position of a 5 splice site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "ATM germline mutations in classical ataxia - telangiectasia patients in the Dutch population .", "entity": [{"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germline mutations in the ATM gene are responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "autosomal recessive disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 87]}, {"entity": "ataxia - telangiectasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [88, 111]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [114, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In our study , we have determined the ATM mutation spectrum in 19 classical A - T patients , including some immigrant populations , as well as 12 of Dutch ethnic origin .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Both the protein truncation test ( PTT ) and the restriction endonuclease fingerprinting ( REF ) method were used and compared for their detection efficiency , identifying 76 % and 60 % of the mutations , respectively .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Most patients were found to be compound heterozygote .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seventeen mutations were distinct , of which 10 were not reported previously .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations are small deletions or point mutations frequently affecting splice sites .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , a 16 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 - kb genomic deletion of the 3 end of the gene , most likely a result of recombination between two LINE elements , was identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The most frequently found mutation , identified in three unrelated Turkish A - T individuals , was previously described to be a Turkish A - T founder mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The presence of a founder mutation among relatively small ethnic population groups in Western Europe could indicate a high carrier frequency in such communities .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In patients of Dutch ethnic origin , however , no significant founder effect could be identified .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The observed genetic heterogeneity including the relative high percentage of splice - site mutations had no reflection on the phenotype .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All patients manifested classical A - T and increased cellular radioresistant DNA synthesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "A - T", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Determination of the genomic structure of the COL4A4 gene and of novel mutations causing autosomal recessive Alport syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "autosomal recessive Alport syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [89, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome is a progressive hematuric glomerulonephritis characterized by glomerular basement membrane abnormalities and associated with mutations in either the COL4A3 or the COL4A4 gene , which encode the alpha3 and alpha4 type IV collagen chains , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "hematuric glomerulonephritis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 81]}, {"entity": "glomerular basement membrane abnormalities", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , mutation screening in the two genes has been hampered by the lack of genomic structure information .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report here the complete characterization of the 48 exons of the COL4A4 gene , a comprehensive gene screen , and the subsequent detection of 10 novel mutations in eight patients diagnosed with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "autosomal recessive Alport syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [196, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , we identified a glycine to alanine substitution in the collagenous domain that is apparently silent in the heterozygous carriers , in 11 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 % of all control individuals , and in one control individual homozygous for this glycine substitution .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "There has been no previous finding of a glycine substitution that is not associated with any obvious phenotype in homozygous individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in French Canadian breast and ovarian cancer families .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast and ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified four mutations in each of the breast cancer - susceptibility genes , BRCA1 and BRCA2 , in French Canadian breast cancer and breast / ovarian cancer families from Quebec .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 138]}, {"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To identify founder effects , we examined independently ascertained French Canadian cancer families for the distribution of these eight mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations were found in 41 of 97 families .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six of eight mutations were observed at least twice .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The BRCA1 C4446T mutation was the most common mutation found , followed by the BRCA2 8765delAG mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Together , these mutations were found in 28 of 41 families identified to have a mutation .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The odds of detection of any of the four BRCA1 mutations was 18 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7x greater if one or more cases of ovarian cancer were also present in the family .", "entity": [{"entity": "ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 49]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The odds of detection of any of the four BRCA2 mutations was 5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3x greater if there were at least five cases of breast cancer in the family .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the presence of a breast cancer case < 36 years of age was strongly predictive of the presence of any of the eight mutations screened .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Carriers of the same mutation , from different families , shared similar haplotypes , indicating that the mutant alleles were likely to be identical by descent for a mutation in the founder population .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The identification of common BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations will facilitate carrier detection in French Canadian breast cancer and breast / ovarian cancer families .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 121]}, {"entity": "breast / ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Are Dp71 and Dp140 brain dystrophin isoforms related to cognitive impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy ?", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [56, 76]}, {"entity": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [80, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular study and neuropsychological analysis were performed concurrently on 49 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( DMD ) in order to find a molecular explanation for the cognitive impairment observed in most DMD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 123]}, {"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 201]}, {"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [219, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complete analysis of the dystrophin gene was performed to define the localization of deletions and duplications in relation to the different DMD promoters .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [141, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Qualitative analysis of the Dp71 transcript and testing for the specific first exon of Dp140 were also carried out .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Neuropsychological analysis assessed verbal and visuospatial intelligence , verbal memory , and reading skills .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Comparison of molecular and psychometric findings demonstrated that deletions and duplications that were localized in the distal part of the gene seemed to be preferentially associated with cognitive impairment .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [190, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two altered Dp71 transcripts and two deleted Dp140 DNA sequences were found in four patients with severe cerebral dysfunction .", "entity": [{"entity": "cerebral dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [105, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings suggest that some sequences located in the distal part of the gene and , in particular , some DMD isoforms expressed in the brain may be related to the cognitive impairment associated with DMD . .", "entity": [{"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 112]}, {"entity": "cognitive impairment", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [167, 187]}, {"entity": "DMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [204, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "I1307K APC and hMLH1 mutations in a non - Jewish family with hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We describe a French Canadian hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer ( HNPCC ) kindred which carries a novel truncating mutation in hMLH1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary non - polyposis colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [30, 74]}, {"entity": "HNPCC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Interestingly , the I1307K APC polymorphism , associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer , is also present in this family .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The I1307K polymorphism has previously only been identified in individuals of self - reported Ashkenazi Jewish origins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In addition , in this family , there appears to be no relationship between the I1307K polymorphism and the presence or absence of cancer . .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Identification of a novel mutation of the CPO gene in a Japanese hereditary coproporphyria family .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary coproporphyria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary coproporphyria ( HCP ) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase ( CPO ) caused by a mutation in the CPO gene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereditary coproporphyria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "HCP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 66]}, {"entity": "deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [86, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Only 11 mutations of the gene have been reported in HCP patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 55]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We report another mutation in a Japanese family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Polymerase chain reaction - single strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequence analyses demonstrated a C to T substitution in exon 1 of the CPO gene at nucleotide position 85 , which lies in the putative presequence for targeting to mitochondria .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This mutation changes the codon for glutamine to a termination codon at amino acid position 29 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "MaeI restriction analysis showed two other carriers in the family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C - T mutation is located within a recently proposed putative alternative translation initiation codon ( TIC - 1 ) , supporting that TIC - 1 is the real TIC rather than TIC - 2 . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human complement factor H deficiency associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Human complement factor H deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 36]}, {"entity": "hemolytic uremic syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study reports on six cases of deficiency in the human complement regulatory protein Factor H ( FH ) in the context of an acute renal disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficiency in the human complement regulatory protein Factor H", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 97]}, {"entity": "acute renal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five of the cases were observed in children presenting with idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome ( HUS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemolytic uremic syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [71, 96]}, {"entity": "HUS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Two of the children exhibited a homozygous deficiency characterized by the absence of the 150 - kD form of Factor H and the presence , upon immunoblotting , of the 42 - kD Factor H - like protein 1 ( FHL - 1 ) and other FH - related protein ( FHR ) bands .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Southern blot and PCR analysis of DNA of one patient with homozygous deficiency ruled out the presence of a large deletion of the FH gene as the underlying defect for the deficiency .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The other four children presented with heterozygous deficiency and exhibited a normal immunoblotting pattern of proteins of the FH family .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Factor H deficiency is the only complement deficiency associated with HUS .", "entity": [{"entity": "Factor H deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "complement deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "HUS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 73]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These observations suggest a role for FH and / or FH receptors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic HUS . .", "entity": [{"entity": "HUS", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Further evidence for a major ancient mutation underlying myotonic dystrophy from linkage disequilibrium studies in the Japanese population .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) mutation is an unstable ( CTG ) n repeat , present at a copy number of 5 - 37 repeats on normal chromosomes but amplified to 50 - 3000 copies on DM chromosomes .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [4, 22]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 27]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [175, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Previous findings in Caucasian populations of a DM founder chromosome raise a question about the molecular events involved in the expansion mutation .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To investigate whether a founder chromosome for the DM mutation exists in the Japanese population , we genotyped families using polymorphic markers near the ( CTG ) n repeat region and constructed haplotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Six different haplotypes were found and DM alleles were always haplotype A .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To find an origin of the ( CTG ) n repeat mutation and to investigate the mechanism of the expansion mutation in the Japanese population we have studied 90 Japanese DM families comprising 190 affected and 130 unaffected members .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The results suggest that a few common ancestral mutations in both Caucasian and Japanese populations have originated by expansion of an ancestral n = 5 repeat to n = 19 - 37 copies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These data support multistep models of triplet repeat expansion that have been proposed for both DM and Friedreichs ataxia . .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 99]}, {"entity": "Friedreichs ataxia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The molecular basis of C6 deficiency in the western Cape , South Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "C6 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 36]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Deficiency of the sixth component of human complement ( C6 ) has been reported in a number of families from the western Cape , South Africa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Deficiency of the sixth component of human complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 53]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Meningococcal disease is endemic in the Cape and almost all pedigrees of total C6 deficiency ( C6Q0 ) have been ascertained because of recurrent disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "Meningococcal disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "C6 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [79, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have sequenced the expressed exons of the C6 gene from selected cases and have found three molecular defects leading to total deficiency 879delG , which is the common defect in the Cape and hitherto unreported , and 1195delC and 1936delG , which have been previously reported in African - Americans .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We also show that the 879delG and 1195delC defects are associated with characteristic C6 / C7 region DNA marker haplotypes , although small variations were observed .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The 1936delG defect was observed only once in the Cape , but its associated haplotype could be deduced .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The data from the haplotypes indicate that these three molecular defects account for the defects in all the 38 unrelated C6Q0 individuals we have studied from the Cape .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have also observed the 879delG defect in two Dutch C6 - deficient kindreds , but the 879delG defect in the Cape probably did not come from The Netherlands . .", "entity": [{"entity": "C6 - deficient", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 68]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Complement C7 deficiency : seven further molecular defects and their associated marker haplotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Complement C7 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 24]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven further molecular bases of C7 deficiency are described .", "entity": [{"entity": "C7 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [33, 46]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All these new molecular defects involve single - nucleotide events , deletions and substitutions , some of which alter splice sites , and others codons .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "They are distributed along the C7 gene , but predominantly towards the 3 end .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "All were found in compound heterozygous individuals .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The C6 / C7 marker haplotypes associated with most C7 defects are tabulated . .", "entity": [{"entity": "C7 defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 61]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A genome - wide search for chromosomal loci linked to mental health wellness in relatives at high risk for bipolar affective disorder among the Old Order Amish .", "entity": [{"entity": "bipolar affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Bipolar affective disorder ( BPAD ; manic - depressive illness ) is characterized by episodes of mania and / or hypomania interspersed with periods of depression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bipolar affective disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [29, 33]}, {"entity": "manic - depressive illness", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 62]}, {"entity": "mania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 102]}, {"entity": "hypomania", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "depression", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compelling evidence supports a significant genetic component in the susceptibility to develop BPAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To date , however , linkage studies have attempted only to identify chromosomal loci that cause or increase the risk of developing BPAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [131, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To determine whether there could be protective alleles that prevent or reduce the risk of developing BPAD , similar to what is observed in other genetic disorders , we used mental health wellness ( absence of any psychiatric disorder ) as the phenotype in our genome - wide linkage scan of several large multigeneration Old Order Amish pedigrees exhibiting an extremely high incidence of BPAD .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [101, 105]}, {"entity": "genetic disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [145, 162]}, {"entity": "psychiatric disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [213, 233]}, {"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [388, 392]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have found strong evidence for a locus on chromosome 4p at D4S2949 ( maximum GENEHUNTER - PLUS nonparametric linkage score = 4 . 05 , P = 5 . 22 x 10 ( - 4 ) ; SIBPAL Pempirical value < 3 x 10 ( - 5 ) ) and suggestive evidence for a locus on chromosome 4q at D4S397 ( maximum GENEHUNTER - PLUS nonparametric linkage score = 3 . 29 , P = 2 . 57 x 10 ( - 3 ) ; SIBPAL Pempirical value < 1 x 10 ( - 3 ) ) that are linked to mental health wellness .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that certain alleles could prevent or modify the clinical manifestations of BPAD and perhaps other related affective disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "BPAD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "affective disorders", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [157, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Segregation distortion in myotonic dystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 44]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) is an autosomal dominant disease which , in the typical pedigree , shows a three generation anticipation cascade .", "entity": [{"entity": "Myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [21, 23]}, {"entity": "autosomal dominant disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This results in infertility and congenital myotonic dystrophy ( CDM ) with the disappearance of DM in that pedigree .", "entity": [{"entity": "infertility", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "congenital myotonic dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [32, 61]}, {"entity": "CDM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [64, 67]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The concept of segregation distortion , where there is preferential transmission of the larger allele at the DM locus , has been put forward to explain partially the maintenance of DM in the population .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 111]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [181, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a survey of DM in Northern Ireland , 59 pedigrees were ascertained .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 17]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Sibships where the status of all the members had been identified were examined to determine the transmission of the DM expansion from affected parents to their offspring .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Where the transmitting parent was male , 58 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "3 % of the offspring were affected , and in the case of a female transmitting parent , 68 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 % were affected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Studies on meiotic drive in DM have shown increased transmission of the larger allele at the DM locus in non - DM heterozygotes for CTGn .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [93, 95]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study provides further evidence that the DM expansion tends to be transmitted preferentially .", "entity": [{"entity": "DM", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Diagnosis of hemochromatosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [13, 28]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "If untreated , hemochromatosis can cause serious illness and early death , but the disease is still substantially under - diagnosed .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "early death", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The cornerstone of screening and case detection is the measurement of serum transferrin saturation and the serum ferritin level .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Once the diagnosis is suspected , physicians must use serum ferritin levels and hepatic iron stores on liver biopsy specimens to assess patients for the presence of iron overload .", "entity": [{"entity": "iron overload", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [165, 178]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Liver biopsy is also used to establish the presence or absence of cirrhosis , which can affect prognosis and management .", "entity": [{"entity": "cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A DNA - based test for the HFE gene is commercially available , but its place in the diagnosis of hemochromatosis is still being evaluated .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Currently , the most useful role for this test is in the detection of hemochromatosis in the family members of patients with a proven case of the disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is crucial to diagnose hemochromatosis before hepatic cirrhosis develops because phlebotomy therapy can avert serious chronic disease and can even lead to normal life expectancy . .", "entity": [{"entity": "hemochromatosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 41]}, {"entity": "hepatic cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [49, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Prevalence of the I1307K APC gene variant in Israeli Jews of differing ethnic origin and risk for colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [98, 115]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND & AIMS Israeli Jews of European birth , i . e . , Ashkenazim , have the highest colorectal cancer incidence of any Israeli ethnic group .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [91, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The I1307K APC gene variant was found in 6 .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [11, 14]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "1 % of American Jews , 28 % of their familial colorectal cancer cases , but not in non - Jews .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [46, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We assessed the I1307K prevalence in Israeli Jews of differing ethnic origin and risk for colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS DNA samples from 500 unrelated Jews of European or non - European origin , with or without a personal and / or family history of neoplasia , were examined for the I1307K variant by the allele - specific oligonucleotide ( ASO ) method .", "entity": [{"entity": "neoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [137, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS In persons at average risk for colorectal cancer , I1307K was found in 5 .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [39, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "0 % of 120 European and 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "6 % of 188 non - European Jews ( P = 0 . 08 ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It occurred in 15 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "4 % of 52 Ashkenazi Israelis with familial cancer ( P = 0 . 02 ) and was not detected in 51 non - European Jews at increased cancer risk .", "entity": [{"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [43, 49]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Colorectal neoplasia occurred personally or in the families of 13 of 20 Ashkenazi I1307K carriers , 8 of whom also had a personal or family history of noncolonic neoplasia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Colorectal neoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "neoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS The I1307K APC variant may represent a susceptibility gene for colorectal , or other , cancers in Ashkenazi Jews , and partially explains the higher incidence of colorectal cancer in European Israelis .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal , or other , cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [75, 106]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Systematic analysis of coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene defects in hereditary coproporphyria and mutation update .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary coproporphyria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Hereditary coproporphyria ( HC ) is an acute hepatic porphyria with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by deficient activity of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase ( CPO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hereditary coproporphyria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "HC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 30]}, {"entity": "hepatic porphyria", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 62]}, {"entity": "deficient activity of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [109, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Clinical manifestations of the disease are characterized by acute attacks of neurological dysfunction often precipitated by drugs , fasting , cyclical hormonal changes , or infectious diseases .", "entity": [{"entity": "neurological dysfunction", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [77, 101]}, {"entity": "infectious diseases", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [173, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Skin photosensitivity may also be present .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The seven exons , the exon / intron boundaries and part of 3 noncoding sequence of the CPO gene were systematically analyzed by an exon - by - exon denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) strategy followed by direct sequencing in seven unrelated heterozygous HC patients from France , Holland , and Czech Republic .", "entity": [{"entity": "HC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [268, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Seven novel mutations and two new polymorphisms were detected .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Among these mutations two are missense ( G197W , W427R ) , two are nonsense ( Q306X , Q385X ) , two are small deletions ( 662de14bp ; 1168del3bp removing a glycine at position 390 ) , and one is a splicing mutation ( IVS1 - 15c - - > g ) which creates a new acceptor splice site .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The pathological significance of the point mutations G197W , W427R , and the in - frame deletion 390delGly were assessed by their respective expression in a prokaryotic system using site - directed mutagenesis .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These mutations resulted in the absence or a dramatic decrease of CPO activity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two polymorphisms were localized in noncoding part of the gene 1 ) a C / G polymorphism in the promotor region , 142 bp upstream from the transcriptional initiation site ( - 142C / G ) , and 2 ) a 6 bp deletion polymorphism in the 3 noncoding part of the CPO gene , 574 bp downstream of the last base of the normal termination codon ( + 574 delATTCTT ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Five intragenic dimorphisms are now well characterized and the high degree of allelic heterogeneity in HC is demonstrated with seven new different mutations making a total of nineteen CPO gene defects reported so far . .", "entity": [{"entity": "HC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "gene defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [188, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Coincidence of two novel arylsulfatase A alleles and mutation 459 + 1G > A within a family with metachromatic leukodystrophy : molecular basis of phenotypic heterogeneity .", "entity": [{"entity": "metachromatic leukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [96, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In a family with three siblings , one developed classical late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy ( MLD ) , fatal at age 5 years , with deficient arylsulfatase A ( ARSA ) activity and increased galactosylsulfatide ( GS ) excretion .", "entity": [{"entity": "metachromatic leukodystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [73, 101]}, {"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two other siblings , apparently healthy at 12 ( 1 / 2 ) and 15 years , respectively , and their father , apparently healthy as well , presented ARSA and GS values within the range of MLD patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [187, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation screening and sequence analysis disclosed the involvement of three different ARSA mutations being the molecular basis of intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The late infantile patient inherited from his mother the frequent 0 - type mutation 459 + 1G > A , and from his father a novel , single basepair microdeletion of guanine at nucleotide 7 in exon 1 ( 7delG ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The two clinically unaffected siblings carried the maternal mutation 459 + 1G > A and , on their paternal allele , a novel cytosine to thymidine transition at nucleotide 2435 in exon 8 , resulting in substitution of alanine 464 by valine ( A464V ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The fathers genotype thus was 7delG / A464V .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutation A464V was not found in 18 unrelated MLD patients and 50 controls .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [45, 48]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A464V , although clearly modifying ARSA and GS levels , apparently bears little significance for clinical manifestation of MLD , mimicking the frequent ARSA pseudodeficiency allele .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results demonstrate that in certain genetic conditions MLD - like ARSA and GS values need not be paralleled by clinical disease , a finding with serious diagnostic and prognostic implications .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 62]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Moreover , further ARSA alleles functionally similar to A464V might exist which , together with 0 - type mutations , may cause pathological ARSA and GS levels , but not clinical outbreak of the disease . .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Human MLH1 deficiency predisposes to hematological malignancy and neurofibromatosis type 1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "hematological malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 61]}, {"entity": "neurofibromatosis type 1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Heterozygous germ - line mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes lead to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [76, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The disease susceptibility of individuals who constitutionally lack both wild - type alleles is unknown .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We have identified three offspring in a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer family who developed hematological malignancy at a very early age , and at least two of them displayed signs of neurofibromatosis type 1 ( NF1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [40, 81]}, {"entity": "hematological malignancy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 127]}, {"entity": "neurofibromatosis type 1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 218]}, {"entity": "NF1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [221, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "DNA sequence analysis and allele - specific amplification in two siblings revealed a homozygous MLH1 mutation ( C676T - - > Arg226Stop ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Thus , a homozygous germ - line MLH1 mutation and consequent mismatch repair deficiency results in a mutator phenotype characterized by leukemia and / or lymphoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 . .", "entity": [{"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 144]}, {"entity": "lymphoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [154, 162]}, {"entity": "neurofibromatosis type 1", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [179, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Missense mutations in the most ancient residues of the PAX6 paired domain underlie a spectrum of human congenital eye malformations .", "entity": [{"entity": "congenital eye malformations", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations of the human PAX6 gene underlie aniridia ( congenital absence of the iris ) , a rare dominant malformation of the eye .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "congenital absence of the iris", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 83]}, {"entity": "malformation of the eye", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [104, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The spectrum of PAX6 mutations in aniridia patients is highly biased , with 92 % of all reported mutations leading to premature truncation of the protein ( nonsense , splicing , insertions and deletions ) and just 2 % leading to substitution of one amino acid by another ( missense ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 42]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The extraordinary conservation of the PAX6 protein at the amino acid level amongst vertebrates predicts that pathological missense mutations should in fact be common even though they are hardly ever seen in aniridia patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [207, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This indicates that there is a heavy ascertainment bias in the selection of patients for PAX6 mutation analysis and that the missing PAX6 missense mutations frequently may underlie phenotypes distinct from textbook aniridia .", "entity": [{"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [215, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Here we present four novel PAX6 missense mutations , two in association with atypical phenotypes ectopia pupillae ( displaced pupils ) and congenital nystagmus ( searching gaze ) , and two in association with more recognizable aniridia phenotypes .", "entity": [{"entity": "ectopia pupillae", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [97, 113]}, {"entity": "displaced pupils", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [116, 132]}, {"entity": "congenital nystagmus", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 159]}, {"entity": "searching gaze", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "aniridia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [227, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Strikingly , all four mutations are located within the PAX6 paired domain and affect amino acids which are highly conserved in all known paired domain proteins .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Our results support the hypothesis that the under - representation of missense mutations is caused by ascertainment bias and suggest that a substantial burden of PAX6 - related disease remains to be uncovered . .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAX6 - related disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The chromosomal order of genes controlling the major histocompatibility complex , properdin factor B , and deficiency of the second component of complement .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficiency of the second component of complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The relationship of the genes coding for HLA to those coding for properdin Factor B allotypes and for deficiency of the second component of complement ( C2 ) was studied in families of patients with connective tissue disorders .", "entity": [{"entity": "deficiency of the second component of complement", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [102, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Patients were selected because they were heterozygous or homozygous for C2 deficiency .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "12 families with 15 matings informative for C2 deficiency were found .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [44, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 57 informative meioses , two crossovers were noted between the C2 deficiency gene and the HLA - B gene , with a recombinant fraction of 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [66, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "035 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lod score of 13 was calculated for linkage between C2 deficiency and HLA - B at a maximum likelihood value of the recombinant fraction of 0 .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [53, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "04 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "18 families with 21 informative matings for both properdin Factor B allotype and HLA - B were found .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Of 72 informative meioses , three recombinants were found , giving a recombinant fraction of 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "042 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A lod score of 16 between HLA - B and Factor B allotypes was calculated at a maximum likelihood value of the recombinant fraction of 0 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A crossover was shown to have occurred between genes for Factor B and HLA - D , in which HLA - D segregared with HLA - A and B .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These studies suggest that the genes for Factor B and C2 deficiency are located outside those for HLA , that the order of genese is HLA - A , - B , - D , Factor B allotype , C2 deficiency , that the genes coding for C2 deficiency and Factor B allotypes are approximately 3 - - 5 centimorgans from the HLA - A and HLA - B loci , and that the apparent lack of recombinants between the Factor B gene and C2 deficiency gene suggests that these two genes lie in close proximity to one another .", "entity": [{"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 187]}, {"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [216, 229]}, {"entity": "C2 deficiency", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [401, 414]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Distribution of emerin and lamins in the heart and implications for Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [68, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Emerin is a nuclear membrane protein which is missing or defective in Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ( EDMD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Emery - Dreifuss muscular dystrophy", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [70, 105]}, {"entity": "EDMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [108, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "It is one member of a family of lamina - associated proteins which includes LAP1 , LAP2 and lamin B receptor ( LBR ) .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) has been mapped to six specific sites throughout the emerin molecule using phage - displayed peptide libraries and has been used to localize emerin in human and rabbit heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Several mAbs against different emerin epitopes did not recognize intercalated discs in the heart , though they recognized cardiomyocyte nuclei strongly , both at the rim and in intranuclear spots or channels .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A polyclonal rabbit antiserum against emerin did recognize both nuclear membrane and intercalated discs but , after affinity purification against a pure - emerin band on a western blot , it stained only the nuclear membrane .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These results would not be expected if immunostaining at intercalated discs were due to a product of the emerin gene and , therefore , cast some doubt upon the hypothesis that cardiac defects in EDMD are caused by absence of emerin from intercalated discs .", "entity": [{"entity": "cardiac defects", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [176, 191]}, {"entity": "EDMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [195, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although emerin was abundant in the membranes of cardiomyocyte nuclei , it was absent from many non - myocyte cells in the heart .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This distribution of emerin was similar to that of lamin A , a candidate gene for an autosomal form of EDMD .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In contrast , lamin B1 was absent from cardiomyocyte nuclei , showing that lamin B1 is not essential for localization of emerin to the nuclear lamina .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Lamin B1 is also almost completely absent from skeletal muscle nuclei .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In EDMD , the additional absence of lamin B1 from heart and skeletal muscle nuclei which already lack emerin may offer an alternative explanation of why these tissues are particularly affected . .", "entity": [{"entity": "EDMD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [3, 7]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genetic mapping of the copper toxicosis locus in Bedlington terriers to dog chromosome 10 , in a region syntenic to human chromosome region 2p13 - p16 .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper toxicosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [23, 39]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Abnormal hepatic copper accumulation is recognized as an inherited disorder in man , mouse , rat and dog .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic copper accumulation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [9, 36]}, {"entity": "inherited disorder", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The major cause of hepatic copper accumulation in man is a dysfunctional ATP7B gene , causing Wilson disease ( WD ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatic copper accumulation", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [19, 46]}, {"entity": "Wilson disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [94, 108]}, {"entity": "WD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [111, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Mutations in the ATP7B genes have also been demonstrated in mouse and rat .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The ATP7B gene has been excluded in the much rarer human copper overload disease non - Indian childhood cirrhosis , indicating genetic heterogeneity .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper overload", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "non - Indian childhood cirrhosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [81, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "By investigating the common autosomal recessive copper toxicosis ( CT ) in Bedlington terriers , we have identified a new locus involved in progressive liver disease .", "entity": [{"entity": "copper toxicosis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 64]}, {"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [67, 69]}, {"entity": "liver disease", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [152, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We examined whether the WD gene ATP7B was also causative for CT by investigating the chromosomal co - localization of ATP7B and C04107 , using fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "WD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [24, 26]}, {"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [61, 63]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "C04107 is an anonymous microsatellite marker closely linked to CT .", "entity": [{"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [63, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "However , BAC clones containing ATP7B and C04107 mapped to the canine chromosome regions CFA22q11 and CFA10q26 , respectively , demonstrating that WD cannot be homologous to CT .", "entity": [{"entity": "WD", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [147, 149]}, {"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [174, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The copper transport genes CTR1 and CTR2 were also excluded as candidate genes for CT since they both mapped to canine chromosome region CFA11q22 .", "entity": [{"entity": "CT", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [27, 29]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "2 - 22 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "A transcribed sequence identified from the C04107 - containing BAC was found to be homologous to a gene expressed from human chromosome 2p13 - p16 , a region devoid of any positional candidate genes .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Molecular analysis of the APC gene in 205 families : extended genotype - phenotype correlations in FAP and evidence for the role of APC amino acid changes in colorectal cancer predisposition .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [26, 29]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [99, 102]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [132, 135]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [158, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BACKGROUND / AIMS The development of colorectal cancer and a variable range of extracolonic manifestations in familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) is the result of the dominant inheritance of adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) gene mutations .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [37, 54]}, {"entity": "familial adenomatous polyposis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [110, 140]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [143, 146]}, {"entity": "adenomatous polyposis coli", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [194, 220]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [223, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In this study , direct mutation analysis of the APC gene was performed to determine genotype - phenotype correlations for nine extracolonic manifestations and to investigate the incidence of APC mutations in non - FAP colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [218, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "METHODS The APC gene was analysed in 190 unrelated FAP and 15 non - FAP colorectal cancer patients using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis , the protein truncation test , and direct sequencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [12, 15]}, {"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [51, 54]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [72, 89]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "RESULTS Chain terminating signals were only identified in patients belonging to the FAP group ( 105 patients ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [84, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Amino acid changes were identified in four patients , three of whom belonged to the non - FAP group of colorectal cancer patients .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [103, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Genotype - phenotype correlations identified significant differences in the nature of certain extracolonic manifestations in FAP patients belonging to three mutation subgroups .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [125, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "CONCLUSIONS Extended genotype - phenotype correlations made in this study may have the potential to determine the most appropriate surveillance and prophylactic treatment regimens for those patients with mutations associated with life threatening conditions .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "This study also provided evidence for the pathological nature of amino acid changes in APC associated with both FAP and non - FAP colorectal cancer patients . .", "entity": [{"entity": "FAP", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [112, 115]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [130, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Inherited colorectal polyposis", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [0, 30]}, {"entity": "cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [35, 41]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Germ - line and somatic truncating mutations of the APC gene are thought to initiate colorectal tumor formation in familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [52, 55]}, {"entity": "colorectal tumor", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [85, 101]}, {"entity": "familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [115, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Recently , an isoleucine - - > lysine polymorphism at codon 1307 ( I1307K ) of the APC gene has been identified in 6 % - 7 % of the Ashkenazi Jewish population .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [83, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "To assess the risk of this common APC allelic variant in colorectal carcinogenesis , we have analyzed a large cohort of unselected Ashkenazi Jewish subjects with adenomatous polyps and . or colorectal cancer , for the APC I1307K polymorphism .", "entity": [{"entity": "APC", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "adenomatous polyps", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [162, 180]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer ,", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [190, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The APC I1307K allele was identified in 48 ( 10 . 1 % ) of 476 patients .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Compared with the frequency in two separate population control groups , the APC I1307K allele is associated with an estimated relative risk of 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "5 - 1 .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "7 for colorectal neoplasia ( both P = . 01 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal neoplasia", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [6, 26]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Furthermore , compared with noncarriers , APC I1307K carriers had increased numbers of adenomas and colorectal cancers per patient ( P = . 03 ) , as well as a younger age at diagnosis .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [87, 95]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [100, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "We conclude that the APC I1307K variant leads to increased adenoma formation and directly contributes to 3 % - 4 % of all Ashkenazi Jewish colorectal cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "adenoma", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [139, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "The estimated relative risk for carriers may justify specific clinical screening for the 360 , 000 Americans expected to harbor this allele , and genetic testing in the setting of long - term - outcome studies may impact significantly on colorectal cancer prevention in this population .", "entity": [{"entity": "colorectal cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [238, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Localization of human BRCA1 and its loss in high - grade , non - inherited breast carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "non - inherited breast carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [59, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Although the link between the BRCA1 tumour - suppressor gene and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is established , the role , if any , of BRCA1 in non - familial cancers is unclear .", "entity": [{"entity": "tumour", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [36, 42]}, {"entity": "hereditary breast and ovarian cancer", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [65, 101]}, {"entity": "non - familial cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [151, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "BRCA1 mutations are rare in sporadic cancers , but loss of BRCA1 resulting from reduced expression or incorrect subcellular localization is postulated to be important in non - familial breast and ovarian cancers .", "entity": [{"entity": "sporadic cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [28, 44]}, {"entity": "non - familial breast and ovarian cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [170, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Epigenetic loss , however , has not received general acceptance due to controversy regarding the subcellular localization of BRCA1 proteins , reports of which have ranged from exclusively nuclear , to conditionally nuclear , to the ER / golgi , to cytoplasmic invaginations into the nucleus .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "In an attempt to resolve this issue , we have comprehensively characterized 19 anti - BRCA1 antibodies .", "entity": [], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "These reagents detect a 220 - kD protein localized in discrete nuclear foci in all epithelial cell lines , including those derived from breast malignancies .", "entity": [{"entity": "breast malignancies", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Immunohistochemical staining of human breast specimens also revealed BRCA1 nuclear foci in benign breast , invasive lobular cancers and low - grade ductal carcinomas .", "entity": [{"entity": "invasive lobular cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [107, 131]}, {"entity": "low - grade ductal carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [136, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
+{"text": "Conversely , BRCA1 expression was reduced or undetectable in the majority of high - grade , ductal carcinomas , suggesting that absence of BRCA1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of a significant percentage of sporadic breast cancers . .", "entity": [{"entity": "ductal carcinomas", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [92, 109]}, {"entity": "sporadic breast cancers", "entity_type": "Disease", "pos": [211, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
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